Question: Who is the manufacturer of this object?

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

Barnes & Noble Nook. The Barnes & Noble Nook (styled nook or NOOK) is a brand of e-readers developed by American book retailer Barnes & Noble, based on the Android platform. The original device was announced in the U.S. in October 2009, and was released the next month. The original Nook had a six-inch E-paper display and a separate, smaller color touchscreen that serves as the primary input device and was capable of Wi-Fi and AT&T 3G wireless connectivity. The original Nook was followed in November 2010 by a color LCD device called the Nook Color, in June 2011 by the Nook Simple Touch,.

Barnes & Noble Nook. and in November 2011 and February 2012 by the Nook Tablet. On April 30, 2012, Barnes & Noble entered into a partnership with Microsoft that spun off the Nook and college businesses into a subsidiary. On August 28, 2012, Barnes and Noble announced partnerships with retailers in the UK, which began offering the Nook digital products in October 2012. In December 2014, B&N purchased Microsoft's Nook shares, ending the partnership.Nook users may read nearly any Nook Store e-book, digital magazines or newspapers for one hour once per day while connected to a Barnes & Noble's Wi-Fi.## Naming.The Nook name and.

Barnes & Noble Nook. identity was devised and created by the Brand Development Group at R/GA. Nook was initially rejected as a name by Barnes & Noble but eventually the connection to a nook being a familiar place to read was compelling enough to change the minds of the company's executives. This decision pivoted on the information contained within an NPR article which suggested that female readers tend to read more than men. The name is also claimed by Rex Wilder when he was consulting for Ammunition Design Group. The name was among over 400 he created, although that naming project ended with no.

Barnes & Noble Nook. name being chosen.## Devices.## Current.## Nook 10" HD (LCD).On April 2, 2021, Lenovo and Barnes and Noble released the Nook 10" HD, a successor to their 2018 model. The Android 10-based tablet has a 2.3GHz octa-core MediaTek P22T processor and 2 gigabytes of RAM. It has a 10.1 inch IPS display at a resolution of 1280 x 800. The tablet includes a microSD card slot, and comes with 32 gigabytes of onboard storage, though only 23 GB of that is usable. It has an 8MP rear camera and a 5MP front camera. It cost $129.99 at launch.## Nook GlowLight 4.

Barnes & Noble Nook. (E Ink).In December of 2021, B&N announced the 4th generation of the GlowLight e-reader. The Glowlight 4 has an enhanced lighting system that provides a cool white during the day or in rooms with bright light, but then can manually or automatically switch to night mode with an orange tone for reading in dark spaces with less blue light. The device also has physical page turn buttons and is the first device to have USB-C.## Discontinued.## E Ink Devices.## Nook 1st Edition.The device has two versions, a Nook that includes Wi-Fi and AT&T 3G wireless connectivity, and one that only.

Barnes & Noble Nook. includes Wi-Fi. This version made its debut on November 22, 2009, at a retail price of US$259. It was offered with built-in Wi-Fi + 3G connectivity for free access to the Barnes & Noble online store. This has a six-inch E Ink display, and a separate, smaller color touchscreen that serves as the primary input device. The price was dropped to US$199 on June 21, 2010, upon the release of the new Nook Wi-Fi. With the announcement of the newer Nook Simple Touch Reader, on May 25, 2011 the price was dropped to US$169. In early 2011, Nook Wi-Fi +.

Barnes & Noble Nook. 3G was discontinued. This version of the Nook 1st Edition supports only Wi-Fi (not 3G Wireless), and is easily distinguishable due to its white back panel (in contrast to the gray back panel of the Wi-Fi + 3G version). Nook Wi-Fi made its debut on June 21, 2010, at a retail price of US$149. With the announcement of the newer Nook Simple Touch Reader, on May 25, 2011 the price was dropped to US$119. In September 2011, the price was dropped again, to US$89. In late 2011, Nook Wi-Fi was discontinued.## Nook Simple Touch.Announced on May 25, 2011, the Simple.

Barnes & Noble Nook. Touch Reader (also informally referred as Nook 2nd Edition) was released on June 10, 2011 at a retail price of US$139. The Simple Touch is a Wi-Fi only Nook, with an infrared touch-screen, E Ink technology, and battery life of up to two months (or 150 hours, offering approximately 25,000 continuous page turns with Wi-Fi turned off). The device weighs 212 (g) with dimensions of 6.5" × 5" × 0.47". On November 7, 2011, the Simple Touch Reader's price dropped to US$99. On December 9, 2012, the Simple Touch Reader's price dropped to US$79. On December 4, 2013, the Simple.

Barnes & Noble Nook. Touch Reader's price dropped to US$59. In February 2014, the Simple Touch Reader was discontinued due to being phased out by the GlowLight.## Nook Simple Touch with GlowLight.On April 12, 2012, a Nook Simple Touch Reader with built-in LED lighting, called "GlowLight", was released with a retail price of US$139.This model is distinguishable from the non glow light model by a gray bezel on the outer edge. On September 30, 2012, the Simple Touch Reader with Glowlight's price dropped to US$119. On August 18, 2013, the Simple Touch Reader with Glowlight's price dropped to US$99. On October 30, 2013, the.

Barnes & Noble Nook. Simple Touch Reader with Glowlight was discontinued due to being phased out by the Nook Glowlight.## Nook GlowLight.The Nook Glowlight (marketed as the "nook GlowLight") e-reader was released on October 30, 2013. The Glowlight uses a 6-inch touchscreen with E Ink Pearl, Wi-Fi and has a battery life of two months with wireless off; it launched at a US$119 retail price. It weighs 175 (g) with dimensions of 6.5" × 5" × 0.42" and has 4 GB of storage, of which 2 GB is reserved for Nook Store content and 512 MB for additional user content. The device uses Android.

Barnes & Noble Nook. 2.3 Gingerbread and it has an 800 MHz processor with 256 MB of RAM. Compared to the Nook Simple Touch Reader, the GlowLight has a white exterior, a brighter screen, a boost in screen resolution to 1024 × 758 and a more durable silicone edge. Compared to the Simple Touch, the microSD card slot and page-turn buttons have been removed. On November 21, 2014, the Glowlight's price dropped to US$99.## Nook GlowLight Plus.The Nook GlowLight Plus e-reader was released on October 21, 2015 and it features a 6-inch 300ppi Carta E Ink screen with frontlight and touchscreen, Wi-Fi, an aluminum.

Barnes & Noble Nook. rear shell, six weeks of battery (1,500 mAh) life with wireless off,6.4 by 4.6 by 0.4 inches and weighs 6.9 ounces, and meets IP67, meaning it is waterproof for up to 30 minutes at a maximum depth of 1 meter and is dustproof. The Nook software is run on Android 4.4 KitKat and it has 2.8GB of user-accessible storage. The GlowLight Plus uses a Freescale i.MX6 1 GHz CPU and has 512MB RAM.Since the device runs Android 4.4, third party apps and launchers can be installed. Due to the lack of physical buttons, initial set up to install third party.

Barnes & Noble Nook. apps is done through a USB connection to a computer.## Nook GlowLight Plus.In May 2019, B&N announced the GlowLight Plus e-reader. The device is the largest Nook e-reader to date with a 7.8-inch E Ink screen. The Glowlight Plus is waterproof, has 8GB of storage, a color-shifting frontlight similar to the GlowLight 3, and it has physical page turn buttons. The lighting technology has adjustable settings for a cool white color during the day and a warmer tone at night.## Nook GlowLight 3.In November 2017, B&N announced the 3rd generation of the GlowLight e-reader. The device returned to a design.

Barnes & Noble Nook. more reminiscent of the original Simple Touch with its 6-inch screen and dropped the IP67 certification. The Glowlight 3 has an enhanced lighting system that provides a cool white during the day or in rooms with bright light, but then can manually or automatically switch to night mode with an orange tone for reading in dark spaces with less blue light.## LCD Devices.## Nook Color.Released on November 19, 2010 and priced at US$249, the Nook Color comes installed with Android 2.1 Eclair. The device is powered by a TI OMAP 3621 800 MHz processor, and has 512 MB of RAM,.

Barnes & Noble Nook. 8 GB of flash storage, a 7" LCD screen, and a microSD expansion slot. On February 21, 2012, the price of the Nook Color was reduced to US$169. On August 12, 2012, the price of the Nook Color was reduced to US$149. On November 3, 2012, following the release of the Nook HD and Nook HD+, the price of the Nook Color was reduced to US$139.## Nook Tablet.The 7-inch Nook Tablet, based on Android OS, with 16 GB of internal storage became available on November 17, 2011 for US$249. A version with 8 GB of internal storage was made available.

Barnes & Noble Nook. February 21, 2012 for US$199, replacing the Nook Color in that price range. On August 12, 2012, the price of the Nook Tablet 8 GB and Nook Tablet 16 GB were reduced to US$179 and US$199 respectively.## Nook HD.Nook HD (styled NOOK HD), announced September 26, 2012 and released November 1, 2012 along with the Nook HD+, is a 7-inch tablet with a resolution of 1440x900. It competes with the 7-inch Kindle Fire HD and comes in two colors: snow and smoke (a dark gray). It has a Texas Instruments 1.3 GHz dual-core processor with 1 GB RAM. It can.

Barnes & Noble Nook. play back video at 720p from the NOOK Video store, much like Amazon.com's Instant Video service. The Nook HD was initially priced at US$199 for 8 GB and US$229 for 16 GB. It then sold at reduced prices at US$129 for 8 GB and US$149 for 16 GB.The Nook HD runs a heavily modified version of Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich.The Nook HD/HD+ line was originally planned to be discontinued, as announced in Barnes and Noble's 2013 Fiscal Year-End Report, due to financial losses. A few months later, B&N President Michael P. Huseby announced that the company "intends to continue.

Barnes & Noble Nook. to design and develop cutting-edge Nook black and white and color devices at the best values in the marketplace", following the resignation of former CEO William Lynch.## Nook HD+.Nook HD+ (styled NOOK HD+) is Barnes & Noble's first tablet capable of playing back movies and television shows downloadable from NOOK Video store at 1080p resolution. Announced on September 26, 2012, the NOOK HD+ is a 9-inch tablet with a 1920 × 1280 resolution. It competes with the similar 8.9-inch Kindle Fire HD and has a Texas Instruments 1.5 GHz dual-core OMAP 4470 processor and was initially priced at US$269 and.

Barnes & Noble Nook. US$299 for 16 and 32 GB, respectively. Nook HD+ runs a heavily modified version of Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich.## Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 Nook.On October 22, 2014, B&N released the Galaxy Tab 4 Nook 10.1 that has a 10.1" LCD. It features the same specifications as the Galaxy Tab 4 10.1, so it has a 1.2 GHz Qualcomm processor, 1280x800 resolution with 149 ppi, a 1.3 MP front camera without flash, a 3.0 MP rear-facing camera, and a microSD storage slot that accepts cards up to 64GB. It launched with a US$299 retail price.## Samsung Galaxy Tab Nook.In February.

Barnes & Noble Nook. 2014, B&N announced a new Nook color tablet would be released in 2014. In June 2014, Barnes & Noble announced it would be teaming up with Samsung to develop co-branded tablets titled the Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 Nook. The devices would feature Samsung's hardware with a 7-inch display, and customized Nook software from Barnes & Noble.## Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 Nook.The Galaxy Tab 4 Nook was released in the U.S. on August 21, 2014, with B&N's Nook Division focusing on the software and content, and Samsung focusing on the hardware with a 7" LCD. The product uses Android 4.4.2 KitKat.

Barnes & Noble Nook. on a 1.2 GHz quad-core Snapdragon SOC with 1.5 GB RAM, WiFi, and Bluetooth, and features a 1.2 MP front-facing camera, a 3.2 MP rear camera, screen resolution of 1280 × 800, and a microSD storage slot that accepts cards up to 64GB. It launched with a US$199 retail price.## Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 Nook.In September 2015, B&N released the Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 Nook, which is a Nook branded Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 8" LCD tablet that includes some Samsung and B&N software. It uses Android 5.0.2 Lollipop, and features an 8-core CPU (1.9 GHz Quad + 1.3 GHz.

Barnes & Noble Nook. Quad) with 3GB RAM, 32GB of internal storage, a microSD card slot, two cameras (2.1MP front and 8MP rear), and a 4,000 mAh battery, which B&N says will last for up to 14 hours of video usage and launched with a US$399.99 retail price.## Samsung Galaxy Tab E Nook.In October 2015, B&N released the Samsung Galaxy Tab E Nook, which is a Nook branded Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 9.7 9.7" LCD tablet that includes some Samsung, B&N and Microsoft software. This tablet runs Android 5.1.1 Lollipop on a 1.2 GHz Qualcomm Snapdragon 410 CPU with 16GB of storage, microSD card.

Barnes & Noble Nook. support, weighs 547 grams, and two cameras (2MP front and 5MP rear); and its 9.6" display has a resolution of 1280 x 800 and it retails for $249.## Nook Tablet 7.In November 2016, B&N released the Nook Tablet 7, which is a Nook-branded tablet with a 7" LCD screen that has a resolution of 600 x 1024, and retails at $50. It is using Android 6.0 Marshmallow with Nook apps included with a 1.3 GHz MediaTek CPU. It has 8GB storage, a microSD card slot, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. It weighs 8.8 ounces and has a battery for up to 7.

Barnes & Noble Nook. hours. In December 2018 B&N released updated version with 16GB storage and Android 8.1 (Go edition).## Nook Tablet 10.1".On November 14, 2018, B&N released the Nook Tablet 10.1", an Android 8.1 (Go edition) tablet with a 10.1" LCD screen at a resolution of 1920 x 1200 and a 224 ppi pixel density. It has a 1.5 GHz MediaTek processor and 2GB of RAM. The device has 32GB of onboard storage (25 usable), which can be expanded with a microSD card (up to 256 GB). It has a 3.5mm headphone jack, a microUSB 2.0 port, ac Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. The front.

Barnes & Noble Nook. and rear cameras are both 2 megapixels and can record 720p video. The tablet was manufactured by white-label manufacturer Southern Telecom, and sold at a launch price of $129.99.## Features and specifications.All models have the following features: Wi-Fi## Sales.On December 1, 2011, Barnes & Noble stated that Nook and Nook-related sales for Q2 of 2011 were US$920 million. The Nook had 13.4% global market share for E-paper readers in 2011.On October 29, 2012, the rival Blackwells and Foyles bookshops, the John Lewis department stores, the Waitrose and Sainsbury's supermarket chains and high street catalogue retailer Argos launched the Nook e-reader.

Barnes & Noble Nook. in the UK—and, from November, the Nook HD and Nook HD+ tablet computers went on sale in the stores.In March 2016, Barnes & Noble stated they would no longer sell digital content in the United Kingdom. It announced that from March 15, 2016, the UK Nook Store and the UK Nook Reading App for Android will cease operation. Whilst Barnes & Noble did not give a reason for ceasing Nook sales in the UK, commentators attributed the decision to declining sales. On March 15, 2016, Barnes & Noble announced it would close the Nook App Store and Nook Video, probably.

Barnes & Noble Nook. because Google's Play Store, which runs on Barnes & Noble devices, has been far more successful. In the UK, those who have bought, respectively, e-book or video content will need to open accounts with other providers in order to not lose the content.B&N continues to sell e-books as well as digital magazines and newspapers in the US.## Nook e-reader applications for third party devices.Barnes & Noble provides free e-reader applications to permit reading on devices other than Nooks. Selections include Nook Reading Apps, Nook for Web and Nook Study.## Nook free reading applications.Barnes & Noble offers free applications for various.

Barnes & Noble Nook. platforms, with which to access Nook digital reading material: For desktop and laptop computers: NOOK for Windows 8 and Windows 10 (US only) For smartphones and tablets: NOOK for Android NOOK for iPhone and iPad## NookStudy and Yuzu.## NookStudy.In August 2010, concurrently with introducing a web-based textbook rental service, Barnes and Noble - "one of the largest textbook retailers in the US" - introduced the NOOK Study app "for the PC or Mac that lets users buy or rent e-book versions of their textbooks for use on the computer. Mobileread describes Nook Study (sometimes styled "NookStudy" or "NOOK Study") as.

Barnes & Noble Nook. "a free e-textbook application from Barnes and Noble that provides a suite of digital study tools. It is available for Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X." Nook Study cannot be used on Nook e-readers; rather it is designed for use only on PCs, Macs, and iPads, and it permits one to read e-textbooks "on up to two (2) computers".Nook Study offers two categories of benefits: the ability to read ebooks and other content that is accessible via other eReading devices, and the ability to read e-textbooks purchased from Barnes & Noble, which are meant to be read on one's.

Barnes & Noble Nook. computer via the Nook Study application. According to Barnes & Noble's NookStudy FAQs: "You cannot use your Nook or mobile device to read textbooks as the screens are too small to properly view the contents."In "The Digital Reader", Nate Hoffelder describes capabilities possessed by Nook Study that render it superior to other e-reading software for reading textbooks. For example, he writes:In an August 2, 2011, press release, BN College cited kudos publicized on NBC's "Today Show" and MSNBC.com that deemed NOOK Study "the "Coolest Digital Study Tool Around". On the "Today Show" and in an MSNBC.com post, Wilson Rothman, Deputy.

Barnes & Noble Nook. Technology & Science Editor at MSNBC, had included NOOK Study in a list of 10 back-to-school tech survival tips to consider when shopping for college technology necessities, recommending: "NOOK Study is an essential back-to-school tool that students should consider when heading back to college – and may be the 'coolest digital study tool around.'""Barnes & Noble may well have the coolest digital study tool around. Seriously, this free eTextbook application for PC and Mac lets you not only get books digitally, but organize coursework, compile syllabi and other documents, take notes, print, export and go online for related research. While.

Barnes & Noble Nook. the same warning about Amazon's textbook rental program applies here — that your particular study materials might not be available — it's certainly worth the $0.00 price to check it out, and the other features may end up being useful on their own."## Yuzu.In April 2014, the Barnes & Noble website announced the Nook Study had been replaced by Yuzu, which the company called "the next-generation digital education platform from Barnes & Noble." In April, NOOK Study had already been "retired", and a Beta version of Yuzu was introduced for the iPad and for Internet Explorer and Safari 6.1/7 browsers.

Barnes & Noble Nook. Yuzu was formally rolled out that summer and made available to more browsers, and as an Android, iOS, and Windows app. However, the Nook Study site continued offering a link to the Nook Study program, explaining: "We understand that as a NOOK Study user, you may have some questions. On this page we will try to direct you to the appropriate websites to find what you are looking for." Clicking "Get NookStudy Help" redirects one to the "NOOK Study Knowledge Base", where they can download the Nook Study app as well as find answers to frequently asked questions. Yuzu, like.

Barnes & Noble Nook. NOOKStudy, "offers students a next-generation reading and note-taking experience in a simple app, but it also improves on NookStudy by making it easier for educators to provide course materials" by integrating with BN's college-focused website Faculty Enlight, where educators can search for the textbooks and other academic material they need, assemble them into course packs, and then build a required and recommended reading list for a class. Downsides of Yuzu, however, are: "Yuzu does not share the same accounts as the Nook Store or NookStudy" and "Yuzu is not compatible with NookStudy textbooks". Emily Price at Engadget made a similar.

Barnes & Noble Nook. observation: "With Yuzu, [NOOKStudy]'s being phased out, and sadly any pricey books you've already bought through that service are incompatible with the new app."In March 2016, B&N announced that Yuzu would be shut down and instead B&N would partner with VitalSource for digital textbooks.## Issues.## Compatibility issues.Nook for Mac users have noted the app has compatibility issues with Mac OS 10.8 Mountain Lion. While the application requires OS 10.6 Snow Leopard, many users have documented the performance issues under Mountain Lion (and consequently all Macs sold since July 2012).## Locked file table.The file table on the Nook is locked, meaning.

Barnes & Noble Nook. that external programs, such as Calibre, cannot be used to automatically organize uploaded files. All organization must be undertaken on the device itself, one book at a time, and such organization cannot be backed up or saved elsewhere.## Lending restrictions.A book can only be lent once through the Nook's LendMe program. Purchasing Barnes & Noble digital content and letting the credit card expire prevents re-downloading of the content until a valid credit card is entered into the account. This is required because most downloads from Barnes & Noble have copy restrictions (DRM), and credit cards are required to unlock them.

Barnes & Noble Nook. On September 17, 2014, Barnes & Noble removed the "download" button from many books in the My Nook online library, without advance warning. The removal of these buttons, which permitted readers to download copies of their ebooks and transfer that content to other apps or devices, upset numerous users. User complaints and inquiries, via telephone, email, online chats, and social media forums, yielded the following, standard B&N response: ## Downloading of NOOK Store content.We're sorry, but the ability to sideload NOOK purchased content has been discontinued. We apologize for any inconvenience. — NOOK Customer Care (@NOOK_Care) September 17, 2014## Spinoff.

Barnes & Noble Nook. of business.On June 25, 2014, Barnes & Noble announced that the Nook division business would be spun off into an independent company. On December 4, 2014, Barnes & Noble announced an end to its partnership with Microsoft connected to Nook and that it intended to complete the separation of Nook by the end of the first quarter of 2015. However, in February 2015, B&N decided to keep the Nook division for the short-term future. In April 2016, B&N outsourced most Nook technical services to be managed by an Indian company Bahwan CyberTek. Comparison of e-book readers Comparison of tablet computers.

Barnes & Noble Nook. Amazon Kindle Kobo eReader Official UK website.


Question: In which year was this building published?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Strapless. Strapless is a 1989 film written and directed by David Hare.## Plot summary.An expatriate American doctor in London allows herself to lighten up when her freewheeling younger sister and a mysterious man enter her life. Her inhibitions released, the beautiful doctor learns that freedom has its own price.Blair Brown – Dr. Lillian HempelBruno Ganz – Raymond ForbesBridget Fonda – Amy HempelAlan Howard – Mr. CooperMichael Gough – Douglas BrodieHugh Laurie – ColinDana Gillespie – Julie KovagoSpencer Leigh – HusAlexandra Pigg - Helen## Release.After the film's May 1990 U.S. theatrical release, it was released on videocassette in the United States by.


Question: Who is the architect of this building?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Palais de Chaillot. The Palais de Chaillot () is a building at the top of the in the Trocadéro area in the 16th "arrondissement" of Paris, France.For the Exposition Internationale of 1937, the old 1878 Palais du Trocadéro was partly demolished and partly rebuilt to create the Palais de Chaillot. It was designed in classicising "moderne" style by architects Louis-Hippolyte Boileau, Jacques Carlu and Léon Azéma. The Palais consists of two separate wings shaped to form a wide arc, which are those of the former building with new taller portions built in front. The pair of larger central pavilions are also those of.


Question: What country does this facility belong to?

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

La Recoleta Cemetery. La Recoleta Cemetery () is a cemetery located in the Recoleta neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It contains the graves of notable people, including Eva Perón, presidents of Argentina, Nobel Prize winners, the founder of the Argentine Navy, and military commanders like Julio Argentino Roca. In 2011, the BBC hailed it as one of the world's best cemeteries, and in 2013, CNN listed it among the 10 most beautiful cemeteries in the world.## History.Franciscan Recollect monks () arrived in this area, then the outskirts of Buenos Aires, in the early eighteenth century. The cemetery is built around the Recollect Convent.

La Recoleta Cemetery. imported from Paris and Milan. The entire cemetery is laid out in sections like city blocks, with wide tree-lined main walkways branching into sidewalks filled with mausoleums. These mausoleums are still being used by rich families in Argentina that have their own vault and keep their deceased there.While many of the mausoleums are in fine shape and well-maintained, others have fallen into disrepair. Several can be found with broken glass and littered with rubbish. Among many memorials are works by notable Argentine sculptors, Lola Mora and Luis Perlotti for instance. The tomb of Liliana Crociati de Szaszak, due to its.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this animal?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Groundhog. The groundhog ("Marmota monax"), also known as a woodchuck, is a rodent of the family Sciuridae, belonging to the group of large ground squirrels known as marmots. The groundhog is a lowland creature of North America; it is found through much of the Eastern United States, across Canada and into Alaska. It was first scientifically described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758.The groundhog is also referred to as a chuck, wood-shock, groundpig, whistlepig, whistler, thickwood badger, Canada marmot, monax, moonack, weenusk, red monk, land beaver, and, among French Canadians in eastern Canada, siffleux. The name "thickwood badger" was given in the.

Groundhog. the animal, "wuchak". The similarity between the words has led to the popular tongue-twister:How much wood would a woodchuck chuckif a woodchuck could chuck wood?A woodchuck would chuck all the wood he couldif a woodchuck could chuck wood!## Distribution and habitat.The groundhog prefers open country and the edges of woodland, and is rarely far from a burrow entrance. "Marmota monax" has a wide geographic range. It is typically found in low-elevation forests, small woodlots, fields, pastures, and hedgerows. It constructs dens in well-drained soil, and most have summer and winter dens. Human activity has increased food access and abundance, allowing.


Question: Which geographic area is this plant found?

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

Jujube. more likely introduced there. The plant in Arabic and Persian is known as "Enab (عناب)", and is known as the "hinap" or "finab" in the eastern part of Bulgaria. It grows wild but is also a garden shrub, kept for its fruit. The fruit is picked in the autumn.The tree tolerates a wide range of temperatures and rainfall, though it requires hot summers and sufficient water for acceptable fruiting. Unlike most of the other species in the genus, it tolerates fairly cold winters, surviving temperatures down to about −15 (°C), and the tree is, for instance, commonly cultivated in Beijing.


Question: What is the basionym of this plant?

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

Calystegia sepium. Calystegia sepium (hedge bindweed, Rutland beauty, bugle vine, heavenly trumpets, bellbind, granny-pop-out-of-bed and many others) is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae. It has a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout temperate regions of the North and South hemispheres.## Description.It is an herbaceous perennial that twines around other plants, in a counter-clockwise direction, to a height of up to 2 - 4 (m), rarely 5 (m). The pale matte green leaves are arranged spirally, simple, pointed at the tip and are arrowhead shaped, 5–10 (cm) long and 3–7 (cm) broad.The flowers are white, or pale pink with five darker stripes,.

Calystegia sepium. in hedges, fields, borders, roadsides and open woods.Hedge bindweed is toxic, containing calystegine alkaloids.## Identification.There are several species of "Calystegia" which and occur in similar habitats and can be difficult to distinguish, especially when not in flower. It is common practice in Britain to treat "C. sepium", "C. silvatica" and "C. pulchra" as an aggregate, usually recorded as ""C. sepium" agg.", whenever identification is uncertain. The use of this term sometimes creates confusion about which taxon is being discussed.The best way to separate hedge bindweed ("sepium") from the other taxa is by the bracteoles, which subtend the flower and wholly.


Question: Which location has this bird invaded?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Egyptian goose. The Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca) is a member of the duck, goose, and swan family Anatidae. It is native to Africa south of the Sahara and the Nile Valley.Egyptian geese were considered sacred by the Ancient Egyptians, and appeared in much of their artwork. Because of their popularity chiefly as an ornamental bird, escapees are common and feral populations have become established in Western Europe, the United States, and New Zealand.## Taxonomy.The Egyptian goose is believed to be most closely related to the shelducks (genus "Tadorna") and their relatives, and is placed with them in the subfamily Tadorninae. It is.

Egyptian goose. grass and suitable nesting locations (either islands, holes in old trees or amongst epicormic shoots on old trees). During the winter, they are widely dispersed within river valleys, where they feed on short grass and cereals. In the United Kingdom in 2009, it was officially declared a non-native species. Accordingly, Egyptian geese in Great Britain may be shot without special permission if they cause problems.In Europe, the species has been included since 2017 in the list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern (the Union list). This implies that this species cannot be imported, bred, transported, commercialized, used, exchanged or.


Question: What is the conservation status of this animal? (The status is assigned by the international union for conservation of nature. Choose one among Endangered,Least Concern,Critically Endangered,extinct species,extinct in the wild,Vulnerable,Near Threatened,Data Deficient).

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Leopard. The leopard (Panthera pardus) is one of the five extant species in the genus "Panthera", a member of the cat family, Felidae. It occurs in a wide range in sub-Saharan Africa, in some parts of Western and Central Asia, Southern Russia, and on the Indian subcontinent to Southeast and East Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because leopard populations are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, and are declining in large parts of the global range. The leopard is considered locally extinct in Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Jordan, Morocco, Togo, the United Arab Emirates,.


Question: What is the main food source of this bird?

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Great spotted woodpecker. excavate nest holes, and also drum for contact and territorial advertisement; like other woodpeckers, they have anatomical adaptations to manage the physical stresses from the hammering action. This species is similar to the Syrian woodpecker.This woodpecker occurs in all types of woodlands and eats a variety of foods, being capable of extracting seeds from pine cones, insect larvae from inside trees or eggs and chicks of other birds from their nests. It breeds in holes excavated in living or dead trees, unlined apart from wood chips. The typical clutch is four to six glossy white eggs. Both parents incubate the.

Great spotted woodpecker. eggs, feed the chicks, and keep the nest clean. When the young fledge they are fed by the adults for about ten days, each parent taking responsibility for feeding part of the brood.The species is closely related to some other members of its genus. It has a number of subspecies, some of which are distinctive enough to be potential new species. It has a huge range and large population, with no widespread threats, so it is classed as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).## Taxonomy.Woodpeckers are an ancient bird family consisting of.

Great spotted woodpecker. the nominate subspecies "D. m. major".The fossil subspecies "D. m. submajor" lived during the Middle Pleistocene Riss glaciation (250,000 to 300,000 years ago) when it was found in Europe south of the ice sheet. It is sometimes treated as a distinct species, but did not differ significantly from the extant great spotted woodpecker, whose European subspecies are probably its direct descendants.## Description.An adult great spotted woodpecker is 20 – 24 (cm) long, weighs 70 – 98 (g) and has a 34 – 39 (cm) wingspan. The upperparts are glossy blue-black, with white on the sides of the face and neck.

Great spotted woodpecker. were hatched, often as far as 100 – 600 (km), sometimes up to 3000 (km). Vagrants have reached the Faroe Islands, Hong Kong and Iceland, and there are several sightings from North America in at least the Aleutian Islands, Pribilof Islands and Alaska.Due to deforestation, this woodpecker was extirpated in Ireland in the seventeenth century, but the island has been naturally recolonised, with the first proven nesting in County Down in 2007. Its expansion in range is continuing, with breeding proven or suspected in at least 10 counties by 2013, with the main concentration in Down and County Wicklow. Genetic.

Great spotted woodpecker. against the shock of the impact when the bill is hammering on hard wood. The outer layer of the upper mandible is significantly longer than the more rigid lower mandible and absorbs much of the concussive force. Skeletal adaptations and strengthening also help to absorb the shock, and narrow nostrils protect against flying debris.As well as using holes for breeding, great spotted woodpeckers roost at night, and sometimes during the day, in old nest cavities, excavated by other woodpeckers. They will occasionally make a new roosting hole or use an artificial site such as a nest box.## Breeding.Great spotted woodpeckers.

Great spotted woodpecker. four to six glossy white eggs that measure 27 x 20 (mm) and weigh about 5.7 (g), of which 7% is shell. They are laid from mid-April to June, the later dates being for birds breeding in the north of the range or at altitude. The eggs are incubated by either adult during the day and by the male at night, for 10–12 days before hatching. Both birds brood and feed the altricial naked chicks and keep the nest clean. The young fledge in 20–23 days from hatching. Each parent then takes responsibility for feeding part of the brood for.

Great spotted woodpecker. about ten days, during which time they normally remain close to the nest tree.There is only one brood per year. The survival rates for adults and young are unknown, as is the average lifespan, but the maximum known age is just over 11 years.## Feeding.The great spotted woodpecker is omnivorous. It digs beetle larvae from trees and also takes many other invertebrates including adult beetles, ants and spiders. The bird also digs for Lepidoptera larvae like "Acronicta rumicis". Crustaceans, molluscs and carrion may be eaten, and bird feeders are visited for seeds, suet and domestic scraps. The nests of other.

Great spotted woodpecker. cavity-nesting birds, such as tits, may be raided for their eggs and chicks; nest boxes may be similarly attacked, holes being pecked to admit entrance by the woodpecker where necessary. House martin colonies can be destroyed in repeated visits.Fat-rich plant products such as nuts and conifer seeds are particularly important as winter food in the north of the woodpecker's range, and can then supply more than 30% of the bird's energy requirements. Other plant items consumed include buds, berries and tree sap, the latter obtained by drilling rings of holes around a tree trunk.The species feeds at all levels of.

Great spotted woodpecker. a tree, usually alone, but sometimes as a pair. It will use an "anvil" on which to hammer hard items, particularly pine, spruce, and larch cones, but also fruit, nuts, and hard-bodied insects.Easily accessible items are picked off the tree surface or from fissures in the bark, but larvae are extracted by chiselling holes up to 10 (cm) deep and trapping the soft insect with the tongue, which can extend to 40 (mm) beyond the bill, and is covered with bristles and sticky saliva to trap the prey. The woodpecker is able to extend its tongue so far because the.

Great spotted woodpecker. 73.7–110.3 million individuals, with 35% of the population in Europe. The breeding range is estimated as 57.8 (sqkm), and the population is considered overall to be large and apparently stable or slightly increasing, especially in Britain, where the population has recently overspilled into Ireland. For this reason the great spotted woodpecker is evaluated as a species of least concern by the IUCN.Breeding densities have been recorded as between 0.1–6.6 pairs/10 ha (0.04–2.7 pairs/10 acres), with the greatest densities in mature forest growing on alluvium. Numbers have increased in Europe due to the planting of forests, which provides breeding habitat, and.

Great spotted woodpecker. more available dead wood, and this species has profited from its flexibility with regard to types of woodland and its ability to thrive in proximity to humans. Harsh winters are a problem, and fragmentation of woodland can cause local difficulties. The Canary Islands populations of "D. m. canariensis" on Tenerife and "D. m. thanneri" on Gran Canaria face a potential threat from the exploitation of the local pine forests. Ageing and sexing by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze (PDF; 6.3 MB) Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the great spotted woodpecker Feathers of great spotted woodpecker ("Dendrocopos major").


Question: What country does this town belong to?

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Tsumago-juku. Was the forty-second of the sixty-nine post towns on the Nakasendō. It is located in Nagiso, Kiso District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. It has been restored to its appearance as an Edo-era post town and is now a popular tourist destination.## History.During the Edo period, Tsumago was the forty-second of the sixty-nine post towns, which connected Edo (present-day Tokyo) with Kyoto. Prior to becoming part of the Nakasendō, it was the tenth of eleven stations along the Kisoji, a minor trade route running through the Kiso Valley. As such, it was a relatively prosperous and cosmopolitan town, with an economy based.

Tsumago-juku. on currency. In 1968, local residents began an effort to restore historical sites and structures within the town. By 1971, some 20 houses had been restored, and a charter was agreed to the effect that no place in Tsumago should be "sold, hired out, or destroyed". In 1976, the town was designated by the Japanese government as a Nationally Designated Architectural Preservation Site. Despite its historical appearance, however, Tsumago is fully inhabited, though with tourist shops as the town's main business.## Points of interest.Tsumago contains a number of interesting properties, including:Tsumago-juku's former "honjin" and Okuya, the "waki-honjin", are both open.

Tsumago-juku. Tsumago-juku - Magome-juku## Access.Tsumago sits at the south end of the Kiso District at the juncture of Routes 19 and 256. It can also be reached via a nearby railway station at the town of Nagiso on the Chūō Main Line.Groups of Traditional Buildings Map of Tsumago (Japanese) Aerial view (Google Maps).


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Lonicera maackii. Lonicera maackii, the Amur honeysuckle, is a species of honeysuckle in the family Caprifoliaceae that is native to temperate western Asia; specifically in northern and western China south to Yunnan, Mongolia, Primorsky Krai in southeastern Siberia, Korea, and, albeit rare there, central and northern Honshū, Japan."Lonicera maackii" is a listed endangered species in Japan. It has escaped from cultivation and naturalized in New Zealand and the eastern United States; in the woodlands of the U.S. it is a significant invasive species.## Description.The plant is a large, deciduous shrub that grows a maximum of 6 (m) tall with stems of a.

Lonicera maackii. maximum of 10 (cm) in diameter. The leaves are oppositely arranged, 5–9 (cm) long and 2–4 (cm) broad, with an entire margin, and with at least some rough pubescence.The flowers are produced in pairs, and commonly several pairs are produced together in clusters; they are 2 (cm) long, have two lips, begin white and later turn yellow or pale orange in color; they bloom from middle of spring to early summer. The fruit is a bright red to black, semi-translucent berry, 2–6 (mm) in diameter, that contains numerous small seeds; they ripen in autumn and are eaten by birds, which.

Lonicera maackii. disperse the seeds in their droppings.## Etymology and authority.The species name "maackii" is derived from Richard Maack, a Russian naturalist of the 19th century. Its common name "Amur honeysuckle" is from its native range surrounding the Amur River, which demarcates the border between Siberia and Manchuria.Some Internet sources name the species authority as "(Rupr.) Herder", but the correct authority is "(Rupr.) Maxim".## Cultivation.Amur honeysuckle is cultivated as an ornamental plant for its attractive flowers and as a hedge. Many cultivars have been selected for horticulture, including "Erubescens" with pink flowers and "Rem Red" with an erect form.The plant is adaptable.

Lonicera maackii. and flourishes in a wide range of conditions. In the United States, it was planted to control erosion and to form hedges. It readily self-propagates via birds dispersing its seeds, and quickly spreads into habitats for which it has no community connectivity.It grows rapidly and prefers shady habitats such as woodland understories, neglected urban areas, and fence rows. It can form very dense thickets.The flowers are sometimes savored by children, who remove blossoms and pull off their bottoms so as to suck out the sweet nectar in the centers. However, the berries are mildly poisonous to humans and therefore should.

Lonicera maackii. not be consumed.## Alternatives.Because of the invasive nature of this species, regardless of whether it is banned locally, it is imprudent to cultivate Amur honeysuckle in climates similar to those where the species has invaded, e.g. eastern North America.Possible alternative shrubs that are also fast growing, shade tolerant, and deciduous, but not invasive in eastern US include:"Calycanthus floridus""Cornus sericea""Hydrangea" species"Viburnum cassinoides""Viburnum dentatum""Viburnum prunifolium""Viburnum trilobum"More native shrubs for use the Midwestern United States are listed in the pamphlet "Curse of the Bush Honeysuckles!".## Phytochemistry."L. maackii" produces various secondary metabolites to deter insect herbivory. Cipollini et al 2007 find seasonal variation in.

Lonicera maackii. the levels of chlorogenic acid, apigenin, apigenin-7-glucoside, luteolin and luteolin-7-glucoside, and confirm their deterrent effect.## Invasive nature and remedies.Because of its well-documented invasiveness, propagation of this plant is illegal or controlled in some of the United States, where it is an alien species. The species is named "invasive, banned" in Connecticut, "prohibited" in Massachusetts, as an invasive species in Tennessee, as an invasive species in Ohio, as a "Class B noxious weed" in Vermont, and as an invasive species in Wisconsin.It has been suggested that plants growing outside their native range, in eastern Asia, should be removed and replaced by.

Lonicera maackii. non-invasive alternatives.## Consequences.In the understories of deciduous woodlands of the eastern United States it forms dense thickets, the shade of whose canopies prevent the growth of native shrubs, juvenile trees, and wild flowers. Uncontrolled, these growths result in almost monocultural thickets of Amur honeysuckle. The species gravely jeopardizes not only the diversity of the invaded ecosystems but even the regeneration of woodlands, because it reduces the growth and diversity of native seedlings. Additional studies indicate that it negatively affects birds and tadpoles. However, other studies have shown a mixture of positive and negative effects on birds, depending on species (McNeish.

Lonicera maackii. and McEwan, 2016). Effects on invertebrate diversity can also be negative or positive, depending on the taxonomic group (Loomis and Cameron, 2014).Even if "L. maackii" shrubs are removed, the affected habitat may not recover absent substantial restoration effort.The relationship between white-tailed deer and "L. maackii" is complex, with deer playing a significant role in consuming the berries, dispersing the seeds, and browsing the foliage; the presence of "L. maackii" may prevent deer from browsing understory vegetation, which can be desirable if a native understory is present, but undesirable if other invasive species dominate the understory. A study conducted in the.

Lonicera maackii. vicinity of St. Louis, Missouri in 2010 indicated that the plant increases the risk of tick-borne diseases such as Erlichiosis and Lyme disease in suburban natural areas by attracting deer and consequently increasing the presence of infected ticks. Furthermore, experimental removal of the plant was shown to reduce deer activity and the number of infected ticks by shifting ticks' blood meals from deer.## Control and eradication.The species is controlled by cutting, flaming, or burning the plant to the level of its roots and repetition of this in two-week increments until the nutrient reserves in the roots are depleted. To ensure.

Lonicera maackii. eradication, herbicide may be applied to freshly cut stumps. Control by prescribed burning has been found to be most effective during the phase of seed dispersal in late summer and early autumn.It can also be controlled by annual applications of glyphosate that thoroughly saturate the foliage, or by grubbing the shallowly rooted juvenile plants, but these two methods increase labor cost and disrupt the soil.This species has been found to be a host for the leaf-mining moth "Phyllonorycter emberizaepenella" in North America.


Question: Who commissioned this building?

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Tughlaqabad Fort. Tughluqabad Fort is a ruined fort in Delhi, built by Ghiyasuddin Tughluq, the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty, of the Delhi Sultanate of India in 1321, as he established the third historic city of Delhi, which was later abandoned in 1327. It lends its name to the nearby Tughluqabad residential-commercial area as well as the Tughluqabad Institutional Area. Ghiyasuddin Tughluq also built the Qutub-Badarpur Road, which connected the new city to the Grand Trunk Road. The road is now known as Mehrauli-Badarpur Road. The entry fee for the Fort is Rs. 20 for Indians. Also, nearby is Dr. Karni Singh.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

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Morchella esculenta. Morchella esculenta, (commonly known as common morel, morel, yellow morel, true morel, morel mushroom, and sponge morel) is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae of the Ascomycota. It is one of the most readily recognized of all the edible mushrooms and highly sought after. Each fruit body begins as a tightly compressed, grayish sponge with lighter ridges, and expands to form a large yellowish sponge with large pits and ridges raised on a large white stem. The pitted yellow-brown caps measure 2 – 7 (cm) broad by 2 – 10 (cm) tall, and are fused to the stem.

Morchella esculenta. at its lower margin, forming a continuous hollow. The pits are rounded and irregularly arranged. The hollow stem is typically 2 – 9 (cm) long by 2 – 5 (cm) thick, and white to yellow. The fungus fruits under hardwoods and conifers during a short period in the spring, depending on the weather, and is also associated with old orchards, woods and disturbed grounds.## Taxonomy and naming.The fungus was originally named "Phallus esculentus" by Carl Linnaeus in his "Species Plantarum" (1753), and given its current name by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1801."Morchella esculenta" is commonly known by various.

Morchella esculenta. names: morel, common morel, true morel, morel mushroom, yellow morel, sponge morel, Molly Moocher, haystack, and dryland fish. In Nepal it is known as "Guchi chyau". The specific epithet is derived from the Latin "esculenta", meaning "edible".The scientific name "Morchella esculenta" has been applied to many similar yellow morels throughout the world. In 2014 Richard et al. used DNA analysis to restrict the "M. esculenta" name to a single species of yellow morel commonly found in Europe and also reported from China. Other species of yellow morel, including those in North America, have received new scientific names.## Description.The cap is.

Morchella esculenta. pale brownish cream, yellow to tan or pale brown to grayish brown. The edges of the ridges are usually lighter than the pits, and somewhat oval in outline, sometimes bluntly cone-shaped with a rounded top or more elongate. Caps are hollow, attached to the stem at the lower edge, and typically about 2 – 7 (cm) broad by 2 – 10 (cm) tall. The flesh is brittle. The stem is white to pallid or pale yellow, hollow, and straight or with a club-shaped or bulbous base. It is finely granular overall, somewhat ridged, generally about 2 – 9 (cm) long.

Morchella esculenta. by 2 – 5 (cm) thick. In age it may have brownish stains near the base. It has a passing resemblance to the common stinkhorn ("Phallus impudicus"), for which it is sometimes mistaken. Yellow morels are often found near wooded areas. Centipedes sometimes make their home inside these morels; infested morels usually have a hole in the top.## Microscopic characteristics.The spores range from white to cream to slightly yellow in deposit, although a spore print may be difficult to obtain given the shape of the fruit body. The spores are formed in asci lining the pits—the ridges are sterile. They.

Morchella esculenta. are ellipsoidal, smooth, thin-walled, translucent (hyaline), and measure 17.5–21.9 by 8.8–11.0 µm. The asci are eight-spored, 223–300 by 19–20 µm, cylindrical, and hyaline. The paraphyses are filamentous, cylindrical, 5.8–8.8 µm wide, and hyaline.The hyphae of the stem are interwoven, hyaline, and measure 5.8–9.4 µm wide. The surface hyphae are inflated, spherical to pear-shaped, 22–44 µm wide, covered by a network of interwoven hyphae 11–16.8 µm wide with recurved cylindrical hyphal ends.## Development.Fruit bodies have successfully been grown in the laboratory. R. Ower was the first to describe the developmental stages of ascomata grown in a controlled chamber. This was followed.

Morchella esculenta. by in-depth cytological studies by Thomas Volk and Leonard (1989, 1990). To study the morel life cycle they followed the development of ascoma fruiting in association with tuberous begonias ("Begonia tuberhybrida"), from very small primordia to fully developed fruit bodies.Young fruit bodies begin development in the form of a dense knot of hyphae, when suitable conditions of moisture and nutrient availability conditions have been reached. Hyphal knots are underground and cup-shaped for some time, but later emerge from the soil and develop into a stalked fruiting body. Further growth makes the hymenium convex with the asci facing towards the outer.

Morchella esculenta. side. Because of the unequal growth of the surface of the hymenium, it becomes folded to form many ridges and depressions, resulting in the sponge or honeycomb appearance.## Similar species."Morchella esculenta" is probably the most familiar of the morels. In contrast to "M. angusticeps" and its relatives, the caps are light-colored throughout development, especially the ridges, which remain paler than the pits. "M. crassipes" is sometimes confused with "M. esculenta". According to Smith (1975), the two are distinct, but young forms of "M. crassipes" are difficult to separate from "M. esculenta". The two are similar in color, but "M. crassipes.

Morchella esculenta. is larger, often has thin ridges, and sometimes has a stem base that is enlarged and longitudinally grooved.Stinkhorns (esp. "Phallus impudicus") have also been confused with morels, but specimens of the former have a volva at the base of the stem, and are covered with gleba—a slimy, foul-smelling spore mass.See also "Gyromitra esculenta", which is similar in appearance but poisonous.## Habitat and distribution.Fruit bodies are sometimes solitary, but more often in groups, on the ground in a variety of habitats. A preference for soil with a limestone base (alkaline) has been noted, but they have also been found in acid.

Morchella esculenta. soils.The mushroom is usually found in early spring, in forests, orchards, yards, gardens and sometimes in recently burned areas. In North America, it is sometimes referred to as the "May mushroom" due to its consistent fruiting in that month, but the time of fruiting varies locally, from February to July. It is typically the last morel species to fruit in locales where more than one species are found. For example, in northern Canada and in cooler mountainous regions, morels typically do not appear until June. It has been suggested that the springtime fruiting may be due to their ability to.

Morchella esculenta. grow at low temperatures to the exclusion of competition, a conclusion later corroborated by experiments correlating spore germination to soil temperatures.One author suggests the acronym PETSBASH may be used to remember the trees associated with morels: pine, elm, tulip, sassafras, beech, ash, sycamore, and hickory.In North America, it is widely distributed, but especially common in eastern North America and the Midwest. David Arora notes that "large crops can also be found around the bases of dying (but not quite dead) elms attacked by Dutch elm disease." The species has been named state mushroom of Minnesota, and was the first state.

Morchella esculenta. mushroom of any state.It can also be found in Brazil and Bulgaria.In Jammu and Kashmir wild mushrooms, locally known as Himalayan wild mushroom, Gucchi, Morchella conica and "Morchella esculenta", are gathered and supplied as medical remedy.## Cultivation.Due to the mushroom's prized fruit bodies, several attempts have been made to grow the fungus in culture. In 1901, Repin reported successfully obtaining fruit bodies in a cave in which cultures had been established in flower pots nine years previously in 1892.Mycologist Taylor Piercefield developed a method using beds of hardwood tree saplings which would be inoculated with mycelium, concentrating on the symbiotic.

Morchella esculenta. relationship of Morchella esculenta. Later, once the mycelium network had been fully developed, the beds would be treated with potassium hydroxide to replicate the pH conditions found in soil after a forest fire. This method resulted in large, mature fruits, but was not commercially viable on a large scale. More recently, small scale commercial growers have had success growing morels by using partially shaded rows of mulched wood. The rows of mulch piles are inoculated with morel mushroom spores in a solution of water and molasses which are poured over the piles of mulch and then they are allowed to.

Morchella esculenta. grow undisturbed for several weeks. A solution of wood ashes mixed in water and diluted is subsequently poured over the rows of wood mulch which triggers fruiting of the morels. Morels are known to appear after fires and the alkaline conditions produced by wood ash mixed with water initiate fruit body formation for most species of morels.## Uses.## Edibility."Morchella esculenta", like all morels, are among the most highly prized of all edible mushrooms. Raw morels have a gastrointestinal irritant, hydrazine, but parboiling or blanching before consumption will remove it. Old fruit bodies that show signs of decay may be poisonous.

Morchella esculenta. The mushrooms may be fried in butter or baked after being stuffed with meats and vegetables. The mushrooms may also be dried by threading the caps onto string and hanging them in the sun; this process is said to concentrate the flavor. One study determined the main nutritional components to be as follows (on a dry weight basis): protein 32.7%, fat 2.0%, fiber 17.6%, ash 9.7%, and carbohydrates 38.0%.In one isolated case in Germany, six people were reported to have developed neurologic effects between 6–12 hours after consumption. The effects included ataxia and visual disturbances, and lasted up to a.

Morchella esculenta. day before disappearing without enduring effects.## Bioactive compounds.Both the fruit bodies and the mycelia of "M. esculenta" contain an uncommon amino acid, "cis"-3-amino--proline; this amino acid does not appear to be protein bound. In addition to "M. esculenta", the amino acid is known to exist only in "M. conica" and "M. crassipes."## Industrial applications; solid state-fermentation.Solid-state fermentation is an industrial process to produce enzymes and to upgrade the values of existing foods, especially foods from East Asia. Solid-state fermentation is a process whereby an insoluble substrate is fermented with sufficient moisture but without free water. Solid-state fermentation, unlike that of.

Morchella esculenta. slurry state, requires no complex fermentation controls and has many advantages over submerged liquid fermentation. "M. esculenta" has shown promise in degrading starch and upgrading the nutritional value of cornmeal during solid-state fermentation."M. esculenta" mycelia is able to bind to and inhibit the effects of furanocoumarins, chemicals found in grapefruit that inhibit human cytochrome p450 enzymes and are responsible for the "grapefruit/drug" interaction phenomenon.


Question: What is the hymenium type of this plant?

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Fomitopsis pinicola. thick. Its surface is more or less smooth, at first orange-yellow with a white margin, later dark reddish to brown and then frequently with an orange margin. The pore surface is pale yellow to leather-brown, 3–4 pores per mm. It grows as thick shelves on live and dead coniferous or (less commonly) deciduous trees. The spores are pale yellow and smooth. The species also grows as a layer of tubes on the bottom of fallen wood.The fruiting body of "Fomitopsis pinicola" is called the "conk". It is a woody, pileate fruiting body with pores lined with basidia on its underside.

Fomitopsis pinicola. As in other polypores, the fruiting body is perennial with a new layer of pores produced each year on the bottom of the old pores. The pores are whitish when young and become somewhat brownish in age. This mushroom is inedible due to its woody texture, but it is useful as tinder.There is currently a splitting of "F. pinicola" occurring to isolate distinct species that have all previously been classified as "F. pinicola." DNA analysis supports splitting "F. pinicola" into three groups- "F. pinicola, F. mounceae, and F. schrenkii". "Fomitopsis pinicola" is found in Europe and Asia, "Fomitopsis mounceae" is.

Fomitopsis pinicola. this fungus may become more brittle and prone to breakage in high winds, and cannot be used for pulp production. This species requires exposed wood of wounds for entry, continuing their decay after the tree dies.The fruiting bodies of the fungus disperse airborne spores, but the actual degradation of the wood is by the thread-like vegetative part of the fungus inside the trees. The fungus can occur anywhere on roots or the stem, but is most common low on the bole, where frequent wounds promote infection.## Ecology.This stem decay fungi is found on live conifer trees in southeast Alaska such.


Question: What is the basionym of this plant?

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Phalaenopsis amabilis. on distribution but occurs from April to December in New Guinea.## Taxonomy and naming.In 1750, before the system of binomial nomenclature had been formalised by Carl Linnaeus, Georg Eberhard Rumphius had collected the species on Ambon Island and described it as "Angraecum albus majus" in his book "Herbarium Amboinense". Linnaeus described it in "Species Plantarum" giving it the binomial "Epidendrum amabile" and in 1825, Carl Ludwig Blume changed the name to "Phalaenopsis amabilis". The specific epithet ("amabilis") is a Latin word meaning "lovely".SubspeciesThere are three subspecies of "P. amabilis" recognised by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: "Phalaenopsis amabilis.


Question: Which significant event was held in this place?

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Blenheim Palace. 1720s. It is unique in its combined use as a family home, mausoleum and national monument. The palace is notable as the birthplace and ancestral home of Sir Winston Churchill.Following the palace's completion, it became the home of the Churchill (later Spencer-Churchill) family for the next 300 years, and various members of the family have wrought changes to the interiors, park and gardens. At the end of the 19th century, the palace was saved from ruin by funds gained from the 9th Duke of Marlborough's marriage to American railroad heiress Consuelo Vanderbilt.## Churchills.John Churchill was born in Devon. Although his.

Blenheim Palace. left (east) side of the plan on either side of the bow room "(marked "O")" can be seen a smaller but nearly identical layout of rooms, which were the suites of the Duke and Duchess themselves. Thus, the bow room corresponds exactly to the saloon in terms of its importance to the two smaller suites.Blenheim Palace was the birthplace of the 1st Duke's famous descendant, Winston Churchill, whose life and times are commemorated by a permanent exhibition in the suite of rooms in which he was born "(marked "K" on the plan)". Blenheim Palace was designed with all its principal.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

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American woodcock. The American woodcock (Scolopax minor), sometimes colloquially referred to as the timberdoodle, the bogsucker, the hokumpoke, and the Labrador twister, is a small shorebird species found primarily in the eastern half of North America. Woodcocks spend most of their time on the ground in brushy, young-forest habitats, where the birds' brown, black, and gray plumage provides excellent camouflage.Because of the male woodcock's unique, beautiful courtship flights, the bird is welcomed as a harbinger of spring in northern areas. It is also a popular game bird, with about 540,000 killed annually by some 133,000 hunters in the U.S.The American woodcock is.

American woodcock. the only species of woodcock inhabiting North America. Although classified with the sandpipers and shorebirds in Family Scolopacidae, the American woodcock lives mainly in upland settings. Its many folk names include timberdoodle, bogsucker, night partridge, brush snipe, hokumpoke, and becasse.The population of the American woodcock has fallen by an average of slightly more than 1% annually since the 1960s. Most authorities attribute this decline to a loss of habitat caused by forest maturation and urban development.In 2008, wildlife biologists and conservationists released an American Woodcock Conservation Plan presenting figures for the acreage of early successional habitat that must be created.

American woodcock. nape of the head is black, with three or four crossbars of deep buff or rufous. The feet and toes, which are small and weak, are brownish gray to reddish brown.Woodcocks have large eyes located high in the head, and their visual field is probably the largest of any bird, 360° in the horizontal plane and 180° in the vertical plane.The woodcock uses its long prehensile bill to probe in the soil for food, mainly invertebrates and especially earthworms. A unique bone-and-muscle arrangement lets the bird open and close the tip of its upper bill, or mandible, while it is.

American woodcock. sunk in the ground. Both the underside of the upper mandible and the long tongue are rough-surfaced for grasping slippery prey.## Distribution.Woodcocks inhabit forested and mixed forest-agricultural-urban areas east of the 98th Meridian. Woodcock have been sighted as far north as York Factory, Manitoba, east to Labrador and Newfoundland. In winter, they migrate as far south as the Gulf Coast States and Mexico.## Breeding range.The primary breeding range extends from Atlantic Canada (Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick) west to southeastern Manitoba, and south to northern Virginia, western North Carolina, Kentucky, northern Tennessee, northern Illinois, Missouri, and eastern.

American woodcock. Kansas. A limited number of woodcock breed as far south as Florida and Texas. The species may be expanding its distribution northward and westward.## Wintering range.After migrating south in autumn, most woodcock spend the winter in the Gulf Coast and southeastern Atlantic Coast states. Some may remain as far north as southern Maryland, eastern Virginia, and southern New Jersey. The core of the wintering range centers on Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. Based on the Christmas Bird Count results, winter concentrations are highest in the northern half of Alabama.## Diet.Woodcock eat mainly invertebrates, particularly earthworms (Oligochaeta). They do most of.

American woodcock. their feeding in places where the soil is moist. They forage by probing in soft soil in thickets, where they usually remain well-hidden from sight. Other items in the diet include insect larvae, snails, centipedes, millipedes, spiders, snipe flies, beetles, and ants. A small amount of plant food is eaten, mainly seeds. Woodcock are crepuscular, being most active at dawn and dusk.## Migration.Woodcock migrate at night. They fly at low altitudes, individually or in small, loose flocks. Flight speeds of migrating birds have been clocked at 16 to 28 miles per hour (26 to 45 kilometers per hour). However, the.

American woodcock. young-forest cover usually within 150 (yd) of a singing ground. Most hens lay four eggs, sometimes one to three. Incubation takes 20 to 22 days.The down-covered young are precocial and leave the nest within a few hours of hatching. The female broods her young and feeds them. When threatened, the fledglings usually take cover and remain motionless, attempting to escape detection by relying on their cryptic coloration. Some observers suggest that frightened young may cling to the body of their mother, who will then take wing and carry the young to safety.Woodcock fledglings begin probing for worms on their own.

American woodcock. Bird Surveys and, in the northern breeding range, springtime singing-ground surveys. Data suggest that the woodcock population has fallen rangewide by an average of 1.1% yearly over the last four decades.## Conservation.The American woodcock is not considered globally threatened by the IUCN. It is more tolerant of deforestation than other woodcocks and snipes; as long as some sheltered woodland remains for breeding, it can thrive even in regions that are mainly used for agriculture. The estimated population is 5 million, so it is the most common sandpiper in North America.The American Woodcock Conservation Plan presents regional action plans linked to.

American woodcock. warbler, whip-poor-will, willow flycatcher, indigo bunting, and New England cottontail.Leslie Glasgow, the assistant Secretary of the Interior for Fish, Wildlife, Parks, and Marine Resources from 1969 to 1970, wrote a dissertation through Texas A&M University on the woodcock, with research based on his observations through the Louisiana State University (LSU) Agricultural Experiment Station. He was an LSU professor from 1948 to 1980 and an authority on wildlife in the wetlands. Choiniere, Joe (2006). Seasons of the Woodcock: The secret life of a woodland shorebird. "Sanctuary" 45(4): 3–5. Sepik, Greg F.; Owen, Roy & Coulter, Malcolm (1981). "A Landowner's Guide to.

American woodcock. Woodcock Management in the Northeast," Misc. Report 253, Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Maine. American woodcock species account – Cornell Lab of Ornithology American Woodcock – "Scolopax minor" – USGS Patuxent Bird Identification Infocenter American Woodcock Bird Sound Rite of Spring – Illustrated account of the phenomenal courtship flight of the male American woodcockAmerican Woodcock videos on the Internet Bird CollectionPhoto-High Res; Article – www.fws.gov–"Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge", photo gallery and analysis American Woodcock Conservation Plan "A Summary of and Recommendations for Woodcock Conservation in North America" Timberdoodle.org: the Woodcock Management Plan.


Question: What is the location of this building?

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Emirates Stadium. The Emirates Stadium (known as Ashburton Grove prior to sponsorship, and as Arsenal Stadium for UEFA competitions) is a football stadium in Holloway, London, England. It is the home of Arsenal FC, since its completion in 2006. It has a current seated capacity of 60,704, making it the fifth-largest football stadium in England. In 1997, Arsenal explored the possibility of relocating to a new stadium, having been denied planning permission by Islington Council to expand its home stadium, Highbury. After considering various options (including purchasing Wembley Stadium), the club bought an industrial and waste disposal estate in Ashburton Grove in.

Emirates Stadium. planning application for a new-build 60,000 seater stadium in November 2000. This included a redevelopment project at Drayton Park, converting the existing ground Highbury to flats and building a new waste station in Lough Road. As part of the scheme, Arsenal intended to create 1,800 new jobs for the community and 2,300 new homes. Improvements to three railway stations, Holloway Road, Drayton Park and Finsbury Park, were included to cope with the increased capacity requirements from matchday crowds.Islington Stadium Communities Alliance (ISCA) – an alliance of 16 groups representing local residents and businesses, was set up in January 2000 as.

Emirates Stadium. Arsenal station is the closest for the northern portion of the stadium accessed via the Ken Friar bridge, with Highbury & Islington station servicing the southern end. While Holloway Road station is the closest to the southern portion, it is entry-only before matches and exit-only afterwards to prevent overcrowding. Drayton Park station, adjacent to the Danny fiszman Bridge is shut on matchdays as the rail services to this station do not operate at weekends nor after 10 pm. £7.6 million was set aside in the planning permission for upgrading Drayton Park and Holloway Road; however Transport for London decided not.


Question: Which city or region does this mountain locate in?

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Salève. The Salève (), or Mont Salève, is a mountain of the French Prealps located in the department of Haute-Savoie in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is also called the "Balcony of Geneva" (French: "Balcon de Genève").## Geography.Geographically, the Salève is a mountain of the French Prealps located in the Haute-Savoie department, but geologically a part of the Jura chain, as the Vuache is. Below the Salève is the Geneva urban area where more than 700,000 people live.The Salève consists of the Pitons, Grand Salève and Petit Salève; it culminates at 1,379 metres at the Grand Piton. It is accessible via the Téléphérique du.


Question: What is this bird named after?

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New World oriole. New World orioles are a group of birds in the genus Icterus of the blackbird family. Unrelated to Old World orioles of the family Oriolidae, they are strikingly similar in size, diet, behavior, and strongly contrasting plumage. As a result, the two have been given the same vernacular name.Males are typically black and vibrant yellow or orange with white markings, females and immature birds duller. They molt annually. New World orioles are generally slender with long tails and a pointed bill. They mainly eat insects, but also enjoy nectar and fruit. The nest is a woven, elongated pouch. Species nesting.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Polypogon monspeliensis. Polypogon monspeliensis, commonly known as annual beard-grass or annual rabbitsfoot grass, is a species of grass. It is native to southern Europe, but it can be found today throughout the world as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed. It is an annual grass growing to heights between 5 centimeters and one meter. The soft, fluffy inflorescence is a dense, greenish, plumelike panicle, sometimes divided into lobes. The spikelets have long, thin, whitish awns, which give the inflorescence its texture.Grass Manual TreatmentJepson Manual Treatment — "invasive plant species"USDA Plants Profile — "invasive plant species"Photo gallery.


Question: What is this plant named after?

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Abelia. Taxonomy.The generic name commemorates Clarke Abel, a keen naturalist who accompanied Lord Amherst's unsuccessful embassy to China in 1816 as a surgeon, under the sponsorship of Sir Joseph Banks. All of Abel's seeds and plants were lost in a shipwreck on the homeward voyage, however; living plants of "Abelia chinensis" (now "Linnaea chinensis") were first imported to England in 1844 by Robert Fortune.Some species placed in "Abelia" were transferred to "Linnaea" at various times from 1872 onwards, but these transfers were not accepted by most botanists. Molecular phylogenetic studies showed that a number of genera traditionally placed in the tribe.


Question: What is the litter size of this bird?

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Sora (bird). face at the base of the bill and on the throat. Sexes are similar, but young soras lack the black facial markings and have a whitish face and buff breast. They weigh about 49 - 112 (g).The sora's breeding habitat is marshes throughout much of North America. They nest in a well-concealed location in dense vegetation. The female usually lays 10 to 12 eggs, sometimes as many as 18, in a cup built from marsh vegetation. The eggs do not all hatch together. Both parents incubate and feed the young, who leave the nest soon after they hatch and are.

Sora (bird). and underparts, and black and white barring on the flanks. They have a short thick yellow bill, with black markings on the face at the base of the bill and on the throat. Sexes are similar, but young soras lack the black facial markings and have a whitish face and buff breast. They weigh about 49 - 112 (g) and have a wingspan of 35–40 cm. Soras have two common calls: a loud, squeaking "whinny" that decelerates and descends in pitch, often used to advertise territories; and a softer, ascending "ker-wee" or "sor-ah". The latter call is sometimes presented as.

Sora (bird). York, cover was greater than 70% at 95% of sora nests. In addition, nesting sites had more horizontal cover at 20 inches (0.5 m) above water level than random sites. However, average stem density on sora territories was not significantly (p>0.05) different from random sites in northwestern Iowa.Height of emergent vegetation in sora habitat also varies. It ranged from 8 to 11 (in) in the spring after a winter disturbance in northwestern Iowa to 84 (in) in areas heavily used by soras in Arizona. In marshes of western New York, average vegetation height at sora nesting sites was shorter than.


Question: Where is this plant originally discovered?

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Rye. northern China.Production levels of rye have fallen since 1992 in most of the producing nations, . For instance, production of rye in Russia fell from 13.9 (e6t) in 1992 to 2.4 (e6t) in 2020. Corresponding figures for other countries are as follows: Polandfalling from 4.0 (Mt) in 1992 to 2.9 (Mt) in 2020; Belarusfalling from 3.1 (Mt) in 1992 to 1.1 (Mt) in 2020; Chinafalling from 1.7 (Mt) in 1992 to 0.5 (Mt) in 2020. However, production levels rose in Germany from 2.4 (Mt) in 1992 to 3.5 (Mt) in 2020.World trade of rye is low compared with other grains.


Question: Which maintenance method is used for this place?

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Road. a road for the environment in order to extend its longevity and reduce maintenance. The Shell pavement design method is used in many countries for the design of new asphalt roadsides.Adverse camber: Where a road slopes towards the outside of a bend, increasing the likelihood that vehicles travelling at speed will skid or topple. Usually only a temporary situation during road maintenance.Alignment: The route of the road, defined as a series of horizontal tangents and curves.All-weather road: Unpaved road that is constructed of a material that does not create mud during rainfall.Banked turnBelisha Beacon: An orange globe, lit at night,.

Road. drivers pay an average of $746/year on vehicle repairs while the average US motorist pays about $335/year. In contrast, the average motorist pays about $171/year in road maintenance taxes (based on 600 gallons/year and $0.285/gallon tax).## Slab stabilization.Distress and serviceability loss on concrete roads can be caused by loss of support due to voids beneath the concrete pavement slabs. The voids usually occur near cracks or joints due to surface water infiltration. The most common causes of voids are pumping, consolidation, subgrade failure and bridge approach failure. Slab stabilization is a non-destructive method of solving this problem and is usually.


Question: Which location has this plant invaded?

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Pontederia crassipes. of water that have already been affected by human activities, such as artificial reservoirs or eutrophied lakes that receive large amounts of nutrients. It outcompetes native aquatic plants, both floating and submerged. In 2011, Wu Fuqin et al. tracked the results of Yunnan Dianchi Lake and also showed that water hyacinth could affect the photosynthesis of phytoplankton, submerged plants and algae by water environment quality and inhibit its growth. The decay process depletes dissolved oxygen in the water, often killing fish.Water hyacinth can absorb a large amount of harmful heavy metals and other substances. After death, it will rot and.

Pontederia crassipes. tons of fresh biomass would require 75 trucks with a capacity of 40m^3, per day, for 365 days to get rid of a million tons of water hyacinth. The water hyacinth would then be transferred to a dumping site and allowed to decompose which releases CO2, CH4 and nitrogen oxides which would all negatively impact the air quality and contribute to global warming.Water hyacinth has been widely introduced in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, and New Zealand. In many areas, it has become an important and pernicious invasive species. In New Zealand, it is listed on the National Pest.

Pontederia crassipes. and the "Japanese staff imported from Venezuela considerable numbers of water hyacinth, which were given away as souvenirs". The claim has been repeated by later writers, with various shifts in the details. Thus NAS fellow Noel D. Vietmeyer (1975) wrote that "Japanese entrepreneurs" introduced the plant into the U.S., and the plants had been "collected from the Orinoco River in Venezuela", and the claim was echoed along the same gist by a pair of NASA researchers (), who asserted that the souvenir plants were carelessly dumped in various waterways. Canadian biologist Spencer C. H. Barrett (2004) meanwhile favored the theory.

Pontederia crassipes. they were first cultivated in garden ponds, after which they multiplied and escaped to the environs. The account gains a different detail as told by children's story-teller Carole Marsh (1992), who says "Japan gave away water hyacinth seeds" during the exposition, and another Southern raconteur, Gaspar J. "Buddy" Stall (1998) assured his readership that the Japanese gave each family a package of those seeds.One paper has also inquired into the role which catalog sales of seeds and plants may have played in the dissemination of invasive plants. It has been found that "P. crassipes" was offered in the 1884 issue.

Pontederia crassipes. Corps of Engineers) tested various means of eradicating the plants, including the jet-streaming of steam and hot water, application of various strong acids, and application of petroleum followed by incineration. Spraying with saturated salt solution (but not dilute solutions) effectively killed the plants; unfortunately this was considered prohibitively expensive, and the engineers selected Harvesta brand herbicide, whose active ingredient was arsenic acid, as the optimal cost-effective tool for eradication. This herbicide was used until 1905, when it was substituted with a different, white arsenic based compound. An engineer charged with the spraying did not think the poison to be a.

Pontederia crassipes. sheep, lambs, were native to the U.S.; all had been imported by European settlers centuries before, so why should Americans hesitate to introduce hippopotamus and other large animals into the American diet? Duquesne, who was born and raised in South Africa, further noted that European settlers on that continent commonly included hippopotamus, ostrich, antelope, and other African wildlife in their diets and suffered no ill effects. The American Hippo bill nearly passed, but fell one vote short.Water hyacinths have also been introduced into waters inhabited by manatees in Florida, for the purpose of bioremediation (cf. §Phytoremediation below) of the waters.

Pontederia crassipes. development of China's inland industry, the eutrophication of inland waters has intensified. With the help of its efficient asexual reproduction and environmental adaptation mechanisms, water hyacinth has begun to spread widely in the river basin. The hyacinths blocked the river and hindered the internal water traffic. For example, many waterways in Zhejiang and other provinces were blocked by the rapidly growing water hyacinth. In addition, a large number of water hyacinths floating in the water will block sunlight from entering the water, and its decay consumes a lot of dissolved oxygen in the water, pollutes the water quality, and can.

Pontederia crassipes. kill other aquatic plants. The outbreak of water hyacinth has seriously affected the biodiversity of the local ecosystem and threatened the production, life and health of community residents.In Iraq, water hyacinth which was imported in the 1990s as a decorative plant, caused major problems for water supply systems and fishermen at the Euphrates.## Europe.In 2016, the European Union banned any sales of the water hyacinth in the EU. The species features on the list of Invasive Alien Species of Union Concern. This means that not only the sales but also importation, cultivation, or intentional release into the environment are forbidden.

Pontederia crassipes. in the whole of the European Union.## Oceania.In Papua New Guinea, water hyacinth blocked sunlight to other aquatic organisms, created habitat for malaria-carrying mosquitoes, clogged waterways to the point that boats could not get through and reduced the quality of water for purposes such as cooking, washing and drinking. People have lost income or even died due to being unable to travel to get food or medical care, or due to diseases from contaminated water or mosquitoes.## Control.Control depends on the specific conditions of each affected location such as the extent of water hyacinth infestation, regional climate, and proximity to.

Pontederia crassipes. root zones are superb micro-sites for bacterial communities.Water hyacinth is a common fodder plant in the third world especially Africa though excessive use can be toxic. It is high in protein (nitrogen) and trace minerals and the goat feces are a good source of fertilizer as well.Water hyacinth is reported for its efficiency to remove about 60–80% nitrogen and about 69% of potassium from water. The roots of water hyacinth were found to remove particulate matter and nitrogen in a natural shallow eutrophicated wetland.The plant is extremely tolerant of, and has a high capacity for, the uptake of heavy metals,.

Pontederia crassipes. portion of cultivable land goes under water for months during monsoon in this low-lying region, farmers have grown this method for many decades now. The method of this agriculture is known by many names including "dhap chash" and "vasoman chash".In Kenya, East Africa, it has been used experimentally as organic fertilizer, although there is controversy stemming from the high alkaline pH value of the fertilizer.## Other uses.In various places in the world, the plant is used for making furniture, handbags, baskets, rope, and household goods/interior products (lampshades, picture frames) by businesses launched by NGOs and entrepreneurs.## Woven products.American-Nigerian Achenyo Idachaba.


Question: Who is the discoverer or inventor of this drink?

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Bénédictine. Bénédictine () is a herbal liqueur produced in France. It was developed by wine merchant Alexandre Le Grand in the 19th century, and is reputedly flavored with twenty-seven flowers, berries, herbs, roots, and spices. A drier version, B&B, blending Bénédictine with brandy, was developed in the 1930s.## History.In 1863 Alexandre Le Grand developed a recipe for an herbal liqueur, helped by a local chemist, from old medicinal recipes that he had acquired from a religious foundation where a maternal grandparent had held office as a fiscal prosecutor. To market it, he embellished a story of it having been developed by.


Question: Which place is this animal endemic to?

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Texas river cooter. The Texas river cooter ("Pseudemys texana") is a species of freshwater turtle endemic to the U.S. state of Texas. It is found in the river basins of the Brazos, San Bernard, Colorado, Guadalupe, San Antonio, Nueces, and their tributaries. It is one of three species of cooters ("Pseudemys") occurring in Texas, including the Rio Grande cooter ("Pseudemys gorzugi") and the river cooter ("Pseudemys concinna").## Description.The Texas river cooter is a relatively large turtle, capable of growing to a shell length of 12+ inches (30.5 cm). They are green in color, with yellow and black markings that fade with age. Males.

Texas river cooter. can be distinguished from females by their longer tails, longer claws, and overall smaller size.## Taxonomy.The Texas cooter was once reclassified to a subspecies of the eastern cooter, "Pseudemys concinna", but was given full species status in 1991.## Similar species.The red-eared slider ("Trachemys scripta elegans") shares its range and habits, but can easily be distinguished from the Texas cooter by red patches on either side of its head. Various species of map turtle can also look much like juvenile Texas cooters.Chelonia.org: "Pseudemys" care.


Question: What country does this place belong to?

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Bronbeek. Bronbeek is a former Royal palace in Arnhem, Netherlands. It is now a museum and a home for elderly soldiers.Bronbeek was built early in the 19th century. In 1845 the Dutch King William III bought it. He donated it to the Dutch state in 1859. William wanted it to be a home for disabled KNIL soldiers. The inhabitants took their collections of 'souvenirs' with them. This turned into a museum about the Dutch East Indies.In 2004, 50 former soldiers had their home in Bronbeek. Museum site Brobee a striped little green furry monster on the series "Yo Gabba Gabba!


Question: What is the source that produces this food?

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Sunflower seed. The sunflower seed is the seed of the sunflower ("Helianthus annuus"). There are three types of commonly used sunflower seeds: linoleic (most common), high oleic, and sunflower oil seeds. Each variety has its own unique levels of monounsaturated, saturated, and polyunsaturated fats. The information in this article refers mainly to the linoleic variety.For commercial purposes, sunflower seeds are usually classified by the pattern on their husks. If the husk is solid black, the seeds are called black oil sunflower seeds. The crops may be referred to as oilseed sunflower crops. These seeds are usually pressed to extract their oil. Striped.

Sunflower seed. sunflower seeds are primarily eaten as a snack food; as a result, they may be called confectionery sunflower seeds.The term "sunflower seed" is actually a misnomer when applied to the seed in its pericarp (hull). Botanically speaking, it is a cypsela. When dehulled, the edible remainder is called the sunflower kernel or heart.## Production.In 2020, global production of sunflower seeds was 50 million tonnes, led by Russia and Ukraine with 53% of the world total combined (table). Argentina, China, and Romania also contributed significant volumes.## Usage.Sunflower seeds are more commonly eaten as a snack than as part of a meal.

Sunflower seed. They can also be used as garnishes or ingredients in various recipes. The seeds may be sold as in-shell seeds or dehulled kernels. The seeds can also be sprouted and eaten in salads.When in-shell seeds are processed, they are first dried. Afterwards, they may also be roasted or dusted with salt or flour for the preservation of flavor.Sunflower seeds sold by the bag are either eaten plain, salted (sometimes called 'plain') or with flavoring added by the manufacturer. Flavor examples include barbecue, pickle, hot sauce, bacon, ranch, and nacho cheese.In-shell, sunflower seeds are particularly popular in Mediterranean, Eastern European, and.

Sunflower seed. Asian countries where they can be bought freshly roasted and are commonly consumed as street food, the hull being cracked open with the teeth and spat out, while in many countries, they can be bought freshly packed in various roasted flavors. In the United States, they are commonly eaten by baseball players as an alternative to chewing tobacco.Mechanically dehulled kernels are sold raw or roasted and are sometimes added to bread and other baked goods for their flavor. Sunflower seed brittle is produced by embedding the kernels in hard sugar candy. In Belarus, Russia, Ukraine and Romania, roasted ground seeds.

Sunflower seed. are used to make a type of halva. Sunflower butter is similar to peanut butter, but uses sunflower seeds instead of peanuts, and is a common substitute in schools for children with nut allergies. Sunflower seeds are also used as food for pets and wild birds.## Nutrition.In a 100-gram serving, dried whole sunflower seeds provide 584 calories and are composed of 5% water, 20% carbohydrates, 51% total fat and 21% protein (table). The seeds are a rich source (20% or higher of the Daily Value, DV) of protein (42% DV), dietary fiber (36% DV), many B vitamins (23–129% DV) and.

Sunflower seed. vitamin E (234% DV). The seeds also contain high levels of dietary minerals, including magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, iron and zinc (40–94% DV).Half of a 100-gram serving is fat, mainly monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, principally linoleic acid. Additionally, the seeds contain phytosterols which may contribute toward lower levels of blood cholesterol.## Pressed oil.Over the decades, sunflower oil has become popular worldwide. The oil may be used as is, or may be processed into polyunsaturated margarines. The oil is typically extracted by applying great pressure to the sunflower seeds and collecting the oil. The protein-rich cake remaining after the seeds have been.

Sunflower seed. processed for oil is used as livestock feed.The original sunflower oil (linoleic sunflower oil) is high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (about 68% linoleic acid) and low in saturated fats, such as palmitic acid and stearic acid. However, various hybrids have been developed to alter the fatty acid profile of the crop for various purposes.## Hulls.The hulls, or shells, mostly composed of cellulose, decompose slowly and may be burned as biomass fuel. Sunflower hulls of the cultivated sunflower ("Helianthus annuus") contain allelopathic compounds which are toxic to grasses and the vast majority of cultivated garden plants. Only a small number of.

Sunflower seed. garden plants, such as day lilies, are unaffected by the allelopathic compounds found in sunflower hulls. List of edible seeds David Sunflower Seeds.


Question: What country does this place belong to?

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Sugarloaf Mountain. Sugarloaf Mountain ( ) is a peak situated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at the mouth of Guanabara Bay on a peninsula that juts out into the Atlantic Ocean. Rising 396 (m) above the harbor, its name is said to refer to its resemblance to the traditional shape of concentrated refined loaf sugar. It is known worldwide for its cableway and panoramic views of the city and beyond.The mountain is one of several monolithic granite and quartz mountains that rise straight from the water's edge around Rio de Janeiro. Geologically, it is considered part of a family of steep-sided rock.

Sugarloaf Mountain. outcroppings known as non-inselberg bornhardts.The mountain is protected by the Sugarloaf Mountain and Urca Hill Natural Monument, created in 2006. This became part of a World Heritage Site declared by UNESCO in 2012.## Origins of the name.The name Sugarloaf was coined in the 16th century by the Portuguese during the heyday of sugarcane trade in Brazil. According to historian Vieira Fazenda, blocks of sugar were placed in conical molds made of clay to be transported on ships. The form of the peak reminded them of the well-known resulting "sugarloaf" shape, and the nickname has since been extended to be a.

Sugarloaf Mountain. 220 (m) high. The second car ascends to Pão de Açúcar. The Swiss-made bubble-shaped cars offer passengers 360° views of the surrounding city. The ascent takes three minutes from start to finish.1907 – Brazilian engineer Augusto Ferreira Ramos had the idea of linking the hills through a path in the air.1910 – The same engineer founded the Society of Sugar Loaf and the same year the works were started. The project was commissioned in Germany and built by Brazilian workers. All parts were taken by climbing mountains or lifted by steel cables.1912 – Opening of the cableway, the first in.

Sugarloaf Mountain. Brazil and the third of this kind worldwide; the first cable cars were made of coated wood and were used for 61 years.1973 – The current models of cars were put into operation. This increased the carrying capacity by almost ten times.2009 – Inauguration of the next generation of cable cars that had already been purchased and are on display at the base of Red beach2020 – Closed in March 2020 & partially reopened in August 2020.## Rock climbing.There are rock climbing routes on Sugarloaf that are mostly multipitch and are a mixture of sport and trad. There are also.


Question: What is the hymenium type of this plant?

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Cerioporus squamosus. can be yellow to brown and has "squamules" or scales on its upper side. On the underside one can see the pores that are characteristic of the genus "Cerioporus"; they are made up of tubes packed together closely. The tubes are between 1 and 12 (mm) long. The stalk is thick and short, up to 5 (cm) long. The fruit body will produce a white spore print if laid onto a sheet of paper. The spores are 11-15 x 4-5 µm and are long and smooth ellipsoids. They can be found alone, in clusters of two or three, or forming.