Question: On what date did this island officially open?

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Confederation Bridge. The Confederation Bridge () is a box girder bridge carrying the Trans-Canada Highway across the Abegweit Passage of the Northumberland Strait, linking the province of Prince Edward Island with the province of New Brunswick on the mainland. Opened May 31, 1997, the 12.9 (km) bridge is Canada's longest bridge and the world's longest bridge over ice-covered water.Construction took place from October 1993 to May 1997 and cost C$1.3 billion. Before its official naming, Prince Edward Islanders often referred to the bridge as the "Fixed Link". It officially opened to traffic on May 31, 1997. In April 2022, the PEI legislature.

Confederation Bridge. were opened in October 1917. Automobile service was added in 1938 and other vessels followed as the ferry service expanded in the post-war years.This ferry service was initially the responsibility of Canadian Government Railways (1917–1918) and later Canadian National Railway (1918–1983), then a CNR subsidiary CN Marine (1977–1986). In 1986, CN Marine was renamed when all federal government ferry services in Atlantic Canada were transferred to the new Crown corporation Marine Atlantic.Ferry service years "Scotia I" (various years 1917–1957) "Scotia II" (various years 1937–1968) "Charlottetown" (1931–1941) "Abegweit" (1947–1982), renamed "Abby" (1983–1986) "Confederation" (1962–1976) "John Hamilton Gray" (1968–1997) "Lucy Maud Montgomery.

Confederation Bridge. (1969–1973) "Holiday Island" (1971–1997) "Vacationland" (1971–1997) "Abegweit" (1982–1997)## Early proposals.Discussion of a fixed link can be traced to George Howlan, who called for construction of a railway tunnel beneath Abegweit Passage at the same time as the Prince Edward Island Railway was being built across the province in the 1870s. Howlan also raised the issue as a member of the provincial Legislative Assembly, and in 1891, as a Senator and member of a delegation to meetings on the subject, conducted at the British Parliament. The idea lost favour following his death in 1901.Talk of a fixed link was revived in.

Confederation Bridge. or the private operation of such a crossing;"## Construction.The construction, which was carried out by a construction joint venture of Ballast Nedam, GTMI (Canada), Northern Construction and Strait Crossing Inc., started in the fall of 1993, beginning with preparation of staging facilities. Bridge components were built year-round from 1994 to the summer of 1996, and placement of components began in the fall of 1994 until the fall of 1996. Approach roads, toll plazas, and final work on the structure continued until the spring of 1997, at an estimated total cost of $1 billion.All bridge components were constructed on land, in.

Confederation Bridge. the placement of the final major component and completion of the bridge structure in Abegweit Passage on November 19, 1996, HLV "Svanen" returned to Denmark for use in construction of the Øresund Bridge.Construction of the fixed link required over 5,000 workers ranging from labourers and specialty trades, to engineers, surveyors, and managers. The economic impact of construction on Prince Edward Island was substantial, with the provincial GDP rising over 5% during the construction, providing a short-term economic boom for the Island.It neared completion in April 1997.## Naming.Throughout construction, the federal government received suggestions for names. A committee was formed on.

Confederation Bridge. May 1, 1996, chaired by former PEI Premier Alex Campbell, to choose the new name from the submissions. The committee chose the name "Abegweit Crossing", which would pay homage to the Abegweit Passage which the bridge crosses, the vessel M/V "Abegweit" which the bridge would replace, and to the Mi'kmaq traditional name for the island.However, the Canadian government overruled the committee, and on September 27, 1996, the Minister of Public Works and Government Services Diane Marleau announced that the bridge's name would be "Confederation Bridge". This name is not without controversy as many Islanders feel the word "Confederation" is overused.

Confederation Bridge. throughout the province, finding use in the name of a Northumberland Ferries Limited vessel (M/V "Confederation"), a performing arts centre and art gallery (Confederation Centre of the Arts), a shopping centre (Confederation Court Mall), and the province-wide rails to trails system (Confederation Trail), as well as in tourism promotions (e.g., "Birthplace of Confederation").The President of Ireland, Mary McAleese, during a state visit to Canada in 1998, referred to the bridge as the "Span of Green Gables".## Finishing.After completing the structure on November 19, 1996, SCI worked throughout the winter, paving the bridge deck, placing bridge concrete barrier guardrails which also.

Confederation Bridge. act as wind barriers, placing bridge deck and navigational lighting, constructing the Borden-Carleton toll plaza, and finishing the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island approach roads. In separate construction, the federal and provincial governments built a new commercial and tourist development on the abandoned CN rail yards in Borden-Carleton, with phase I of this facility opening in spring 1997 as "Gateway Village". New Brunswick has never received similar federal support to improve the economy of Cape Tormentine, which has become a shadow of its former role in PEI transportation history, although in recent years a new eco-tourist and visitor centre.

Confederation Bridge. was opened on Jourimain Island near the western end of the bridge.## Official opening.The official opening for the bridge took place on May 31, 1997, with the first traffic crossing at approximately 5:00 p.m. ADT following a nationally televised ceremony which aired on CBC and included a sailpast of the schooner "Bluenose II" and several Canadian Coast Guard ships, a flyover by the "Snowbirds", and an emotional farewell to the beloved ferries which made their final crossings that evening. It is estimated that almost 75,000 people participated in a "Bridge Walk" and "Bridge Run" during the hours immediately prior to.

Confederation Bridge. the opening for traffic.In the days following the opening of the bridge, ferry operator Marine Atlantic disposed of its four vessels. The ferry terminals and docks in both ports were removed over the summer of 1997.## Operation.The bridge is operated by Strait Crossing Bridge Limited (SCBL), a subsidiary of the Strait Crossing Development Inc. consortium which built the structure. SCBL will privately manage, maintain, and operate the bridge until 2032, when these operations will transfer to the Government of Canada.The Government of Canada agreed to pay about $44 million a year for 33 years to Strait Crossing Development Inc., this.

Confederation Bridge. tourists visiting Prince Edward Island increased from 740,000 in 1996 (the year before the bridge opened) to 1,200,000 in 1997, but this dropped back to about 900,000 visitors annually.As a way of further promoting the island's new accessibility, the province issued vehicle licence plates from 1999 to 2006 that featured a likeness of the Confederation Bridge between the serial number. These plates, along with four other designs, started being replaced by a single design in 2013. List of bridges in Canada List of bridges by length Newfoundland–Labrador fixed link, a similar proposal to connect the island of Newfoundland to the.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this insect?

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Caenurgina crassiuscula. Caenurgina crassiuscula, the clover looper or range grass moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1809. It is found from coast to coast in the United States and adjacent parts of Canada, in the west to the Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Alaska.The wingspan is 30–40 mm. Adults are on wing from March to November depending on the location.The larvae feed on various species of clover, grass, and lupine. List establishing "Caenurgina distincta" as a synonym.


Question: Who is the discoverer or inventor of this item?

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Thermometer. in medicine, and in scientific research.## History.While an individual thermometer is able to measure degrees of hotness, the readings on two thermometers cannot be compared unless they conform to an agreed scale. Today there is an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale. Internationally agreed temperature scales are designed to approximate this closely, based on fixed points and interpolating thermometers. The most recent official temperature scale is the International Temperature Scale of 1990. It extends from 0.65 (K) to approximately 1358 (K).## Early developments.Various authors have credited the invention of the thermometer to Hero of Alexandria. The thermometer was not a single invention,.

Thermometer. however, but a development.Hero of Alexandria (10–70 AD) knew of the principle that certain substances, notably air, expand and contract and described a demonstration in which a closed tube partially filled with air had its end in a container of water. The expansion and contraction of the air caused the position of the water/air interface to move along the tube.Such a mechanism was later used to show the hotness and coldness of the air with a tube in which the water level is controlled by the expansion and contraction of the gas. These devices were developed by several European scientists.

Thermometer. graduations based on the melting and boiling points of water as standards and, in 1694, Carlo Renaldini (1615–1698) proposed using them as fixed points along a universal scale. In 1701, Isaac Newton (1642–1726/27) proposed a scale of 12 degrees between the melting point of ice and body temperature.## Era of precision thermometry.In 1714, scientist and inventor Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invented a reliable thermometer, using mercury instead of alcohol and water mixtures. In 1724, he proposed a temperature scale which now (slightly adjusted) bears his name. In 1742, Anders Celsius (1701–1744) proposed a scale with zero at the boiling point and.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Gutierrezia sarothrae. Gutierrezia sarothrae is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names broom snakeweed, broomweed, snakeweed, and matchweed. It is a subshrub native to much of the western half of North America, from western Canada to northern Mexico, and can be found in a number of arid, grassland, and mountain habitats. It can be toxic to livestock in large quantities, due mainly to the presence of saponins.The species was utilized by various Native American groups for medicinal and other purposes.## Description."Gutierrezia sarothrae" is a perennial subshrub that ranges from 20 to 100 (cm) in height.

Gutierrezia sarothrae. The stems are green to brown, bushy, and herbaceous, and branch upwards from a woody base. The stems die back during dormancy, giving the plant its broom-like appearance. They range from smooth to having some short hairs, and may be resinous and therefore sticky when touched. As the stems are about the same length, this causes the plant to often appear domed or fan-shaped when flowering. The leaves are alternate and linear, and 5 to 63 (mm) long and 1 to 3 (mm) wide. The lower leaves are usually shed before the plant flowers. During its first year of growth,.

Gutierrezia sarothrae. the plant produces a long, woody taproot, and numerous lateral roots as the plant matures.Dense clusters of 3–7 small, yellow ray and 2–6 tiny disk flowers form in clusters, 3-6 (mm) in length, at the end of the stems from mid-July to September. The flowers are pollinated by various insects, resulting in an oval fruit covered with chaffy scales. The plant reproduces from seeds, which are light, densely hairy, and wind-dispersed. A single plant is capable of producing over 9,000 seeds annually, although most ripe seeds fall beneath the parent plant. Seeds can remain viable in the soil for several.

Gutierrezia sarothrae. years; under laboratory conditions seeds have remained viable for at least two years."G. sarothrae" is commonly confused with rabbitbrush, but can be distinguished by the presence of ray flowers, which rabbitbrush plants do not have. It is also similar to littlehead snakeweed ("G. microcephala"), which has only 1–3 of both ray and disk flowers.## Etymology.The common name matchweed refers to the appearance of the stems and flower heads to matches, whereas broomweed refers to its use as a broom and snakeweed refers to its medicinal use to treat snakebites. It has also been called 'turpentine weed' due to its odour.##.

Gutierrezia sarothrae. Distribution and habitat.A native North American plant, "G. sarothrae" is found throughout west-central Canada (the Prairie Provinces, the western and central United States (the Great Plains and regions to the west), and northern Mexico as far south as Zacatecas and Baja California Sur. Due to its efficient water use and drought tolerance, it is able to survive in arid and semi-arid sites, such as rocky plains, dry foothills, ridgetops, mountain slopes, and in semi-desert valleys. The species is very adaptable, and can be found in a variety of ecoregions, including pinyon–juniper woodlands, desert shrublands, and sagebrush-grasslands. It can survive in.

Gutierrezia sarothrae. a wide variety of soil types with full sun and good drainage, but growth is reportedly best in clay loams of alluvial slopes, and shallow, rocky, or sandy soil, and is poor in saline or alkaline soils.## Ecology."G. sarothrae" is a poor quality browse for most large ungulates. It is important to pronghorn antelope in some areas, especially during spring and summer, and can comprise up to 28% of the pronghorn antelope's diet. The plant is of little value to cattle and horses, but can be a fair quality winter browse for domestic sheep when there is little access to.

Gutierrezia sarothrae. green forage.Under natural conditions, "G. sarothrae" quickly invades disturbed areas, and can minimize soil erosion; for example, it is reportedly able to stabilize loose windblown soils in mesquite sand dunes. It has been rated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as low to medium for erosion control potential, low for short-term revegetation potential, and low to medium for long-term revegetation potential.## Management."G. sarothrae" is one of the most widespread and damaging rangeland weeds, and can displace desirable vegetation if not properly managed. This displacement may be caused by livestock grazing, drought, or fire suppression. The plant quickly invades overgrazed.

Gutierrezia sarothrae. rangeland, as cattle often leave it untouched while overgrazing grasses. Because of this, an abundance of "G. sarothrae" is considered to be an indicator of rangeland deterioration. It is a fire-intolerant species, and is severely harmed or killed by fire; immediately after a fire it may be completely removed from an area. However, seeds can remain viable if in the soil, often causing "G. sarothrae" densities to increase after a fire. This may make it necessary to burn at five to ten year intervals in order to reduce its populations.Herbicide effectiveness is variable; when herbicide application is effective, populations are.

Gutierrezia sarothrae. controlled for up to five years. Mechanical control is generally ineffective; hoeing the plants just below the soil can be effective, but may be impractical in stony soil. Biological control has also been studied, with a combination of an Argentinean root-boring weevil, "Heilipodus ventralis", and an Argentinean moth root-borer, "Carmenta haematica", found to be an effective method of control.## Toxicity."G. sarothrae" can be toxic to domestic sheep, goats, and cattle when consumed in large quantities, although domestic goats are moderately resistant to its effects. Its toxicity is due primarily to saponins, which can cause illness, death, or abortion, as well.

Gutierrezia sarothrae. as to alkaloids, terpenes, and flavonols in the plant. The species is also a facultative absorber of selenium, which can cause illness or death in large amounts. As little as 9 (kg) of fresh "G. sarothrae" consumed by cattle in seven days can cause miscarriages, and in cattle, sheep, and goats consuming ten to 20% of their body weight in two weeks can cause death. Toxicity is generally higher during periods of rapid growth, such as early leaf development, and when grown on sandy rather than on calcareous or clay soils.## Uses."G. sarothrae" was used by the Native Americans of.

Gutierrezia sarothrae. the Great Plains for various reasons. The Comanche bound the stems together to make brooms. The Blackfoot used the roots in an herbal steam as a treatment for respiratory ailments. A decoction of the plant was used by the Lakota to treat colds, coughs, and dizziness, while a concentrate made from the flowers was used by the Dakota as a laxative for horses. The Navajo rubbed the ashes of the plant on their bodies to treat headaches and dizziness, and also applied the chewed plant to wounds, snakebites, and areas swollen by insect bites and stings. The Zuni used an.

Gutierrezia sarothrae. infusion of the blossoms as a diuretic and to "make one strong in the limbs and muscles", and an infusion of the whole plant was used topically for muscle aches. Calflora Database: "Gutierrezia sarothrae" (Broom snakeweed, Matchweed) Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of "Gutierrezia sarothrae""Gutierrezia" at Southwest Colorado WildflowersUC Photos gallery of "Gutierrezia sarothrae.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

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American golden plover. The American golden plover (Pluvialis dominica), is a medium-sized plover. The genus name is Latin and means relating to rain, from "pluvia", "rain". It was believed that golden plovers flocked when rain was imminent. The species name "dominica" refers to Santo Domingo, now Hispaniola, in the West Indies.American golden plover and picked up the spores while lining their nests. Then when the birds arrive in new places they molt, leaving behind the feathers and their precious cargo to start growing again at the other end of the world.## Description.Measurements: Length: 24-28 (cm) Weight: 122-194 (g) Wingspan: 65-67 (cm)The breeding adult.

American golden plover. American golden plover has a black face, neck, breast, and belly, with a white crown and nape that extends to the side of the breast. The back is mottled black and white with pale, gold spots. The breeding female is similar, but with less black. When in , both sexes have grey-brown upperparts, pale grey-brown underparts, and a whitish eyebrow. The head is small, along with the bill.It is similar to two other golden plovers, European and Pacific. The American golden plover is smaller, slimmer and relatively longer-legged than European golden plover ("Pluvialis apricaria") which also has white axillary (armpit).

American golden plover. feathers. It is more similar to Pacific golden plover ("Pluvialis fulva") with which it was once considered conspecific under the name "lesser golden plover". The Pacific golden plover is slimmer than the American species, has a shorter primary projection, and longer legs, and is usually yellower on the back.## Distribution.The breeding habitat of American golden plover is Arctic tundra from northern Canada and Alaska. They nest on the ground in a dry open area. They are migratory and winter in southern South America. They follow an elliptical migration path; northbound birds pass through Central America about January–April and stage in.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this insect?

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Forest tent caterpillar moth. The forest tent caterpillar moth (Malacosoma disstria) is a moth found throughout North America, especially in the eastern regions. Unlike related tent caterpillar species, the larvae of forest tent caterpillars do not make tents, but rather, weave a silky sheet where they lie together during molting. They also lay down strands of silk as they move over branches and travel as groups along these pheromone-containing silk trails. The caterpillars are social, traveling together to feed and massing as a group at rest. Group behavior diminishes as the caterpillars increase in size, so that by the fifth instar (molt) the caterpillars.


Question: Who is the creator of this building?

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Statue of Zeus at Olympia. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a giant seated figure, about 12.4 (m) tall, made by the Greek sculptor Phidias around 435 BC at the sanctuary of Olympia, Greece, and erected in the Temple of Zeus there. Zeus is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the gods of Mount Olympus.The statue was a chryselephantine sculpture of ivory plates and gold panels on a wooden framework. Zeus sat on a painted cedarwood throne ornamented with ebony, ivory, gold, and precious stones. It was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. The statue was lost and destroyed during the 5th century AD; details of its form are known only from ancient Greek descriptions and representations on coins.## History.The statue of Zeus was commissioned by the Eleans, custodians of the Olympic Games, in the latter half of the fifth century BC for their newly constructed Temple of Zeus. Seeking to outdo their Athenian rivals, the Eleans employed sculptor Phidias, who had previously made the massive statue of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon.The statue occupied half the width of the aisle of the temple built to house it. The geographer Strabo noted early.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. of the image was paved with black tiles and surrounded by a raised rim of marble to contain the oil. This reservoir acted as a reflecting pool which doubled the apparent height of the statue.According to the Roman historian Livy, the Roman general Aemilius Paullus (the victor over Macedon) saw the statue and "was moved to his soul, as if he had seen the god in person", while the 1st-centuryAD Greek orator Dio Chrysostom declared that a single glimpse of the statue would make a man forget all his earthly troubles.According to a legend, when Phidias was asked what inspired.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. him—whether he climbed Mount Olympus to see Zeus, or whether Zeus came down from Olympus so that Phidias could see him—the artist answered that he portrayed Zeus according to Book One, verses 528–530 of Homer's "Iliad": The sculptor also was reputed to have immortalised Pantarkes, the winner of the boys' wrestling event at the eighty-sixth Olympiad who was said to have been his "beloved" (), by carving ("Pantarkes is beautiful") into Zeus's little finger, and by placing a relief of the boy crowning himself at the feet of the statue.According to Pausanias, "when the image was quite finished Pheidias prayed.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. statue perished along with the temple, which was severely damaged by fire in 425 AD. But earlier loss or damage is implied by Lucian of Samosata in the later 2nd century, who referenced it in "Timon": "they have laid hands on your person at Olympia, my lord High-Thunderer, and you had not the energy to wake the dogs or call in the neighbours; surely they might have come to the rescue and caught the fellows before they had finished packing up the loot."## Phidias' workshop.The approximate date of the statue (the third quarter of the 5th century BC) was confirmed.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. in the rediscovery (1954–1958) of Phidias' workshop, approximately where Pausanias said the statue of Zeus was constructed. Archaeological finds included tools for working gold and ivory, ivory chippings, precious stones and terracotta moulds. Most of the latter were used to create glass plaques, and to form the statue's robe from sheets of glass, naturalistically draped and folded, then gilded. A cup inscribed "ΦΕΙΔΙΟΥ ΕΙΜΙ" or "I belong to Phidias" was found at the site.List of tallest statues"George Washington", 1840 statue Kenneth D. S. Lapatin, "Chryselephantine Statuary in the Ancient Mediterranean World," Oxford University Press (2001) Alfred Mallwitz and Wolfgang Schiering,.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. "Die Werkstatt des Pheidias in Olympia I: Olympische Forschungen V," Berlin: Walter de Gruyter (1964) Wolfgang Schiering, "Die Werkstatt des Pheidias in Olympia II: Werkstattfunde: Olympische Forschungen XVIII", Berlin: Walter de Gruyter (1991) Janette McWilliam, Rashna Taraporewalla, Tom Stevenson, and Sonia Puttock (Ed.), "The Statue of Zeus at Olympia. New Approaches". Cambridge, Cambridge Scholars Publishing (2011)Barringer, Judith M. 2010. "Zeus at Olympia." In "The gods of ancient Greece: Identities and transformations." Edited by Jan Bremmer and Andrew Erskine, 155–77. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press.Boardman, John. 1985. "Greek sculpture: The Classical period." London: Thames & Hudson.Lapatin, Kenneth D. S. 2001. "Chryselephantine statuary.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. "The colossal Zeus statue of Pheidias" David Fenzl "Recreating Olympic Statuary"History.com: the Seven Wonders.


Question: Where is this plant native to?

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Pseudopanax crassifolius. Pseudopanax crassifolius, the horoeka or lancewood, is a New Zealand native tree belonging to the family Araliaceae. It is found throughout New Zealand from sea level up to about 750 m. The juvenile form, which lasts for between 15 and 20 years, is very easily recognized. The leaves are stiff and leathery with a prominent central rib, about 1 cm wide and up to 1 m long with irregular teeth, all growing downwards from a central stem. The young trunk has characteristic vertical swollen ridges. As the tree gets older the stem begins to branch, producing a bushy top, and.

Pseudopanax crassifolius. the leaves become wider and shorter, losing their teeth. It is only when the tree is mature that it adopts a typical tree shape.One of the theories about this curious change of appearance is that the young plant had to protect itself against browsing by the moa, the giant flightless bird that roamed New Zealand's bush in prehistoric times. Once above moa height, it was out of danger and turns into a "regular" tree. A study of leaf colour development in "P. crassifolius" found that leaves of seedlings would blend with leaf litter, while juvenile leaf colouration would draw attention.

Pseudopanax crassifolius. to their spines. A closely related Chatham Island species, which evolved in the absence of moa, did not display these changes.Closely related is "Pseudopanax ferox", the toothed lancewood. It is similar to "P. crassifolius" except the leaves are more abundant and severely toothed, resembling remotely a bandsaw blade. Salmon J T, "The Native Trees of New Zealand", AH & AW Reed Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand, 1973. ."Flora of New Zealand", URL:"Pseudopanax crassifolius"."New Zealand Plant Conservation Network", "Pseudopanax crassifolius".


Question: In which year was this vehicle invented or discovered?

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Steam locomotive. another trio of locomotives, concluding with the "Catch Me Who Can" in 1808.In 1812, Matthew Murray's successful twin-cylinder rack locomotive "Salamanca" first ran on the edge-railed rack-and-pinion Middleton Railway. Another well-known early locomotive was "Puffing Billy", built 1813–14 by engineer William Hedley. It was intended to work on the Wylam Colliery near Newcastle upon Tyne. This locomotive is the oldest preserved, and is on static display at the Science Museum, London.## George Stephenson.George Stephenson, a former miner working as an engine-wright at Killingworth Colliery, developed up to sixteen Killingworth locomotives, including "Blücher" in 1814, another in 1815, and a (newly.


Question: What is this plant named after?

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Macadamia. an important source of bushfood for the Aboriginal peoples who are the original inhabitants of the area.The nut was first commercially produced on a wide scale in Hawaii, where Australian seeds were introduced in the 1880s, and for some time they were the world's largest producer. South Africa has been the world's largest producer of the macadamia since the 2010s.## Etymology.The German-Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller gave the genus the name "Macadamia" in 1857 in honour of the Scottish-Australian chemist, medical teacher and politician John Macadam, who was the honorary Secretary of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria beginning in 1857.##.

Macadamia. requires around 2000 N to crack. The shell material is five times harder than hazelnut shells and has mechanical properties similar to aluminum. It has a Vickers hardness of 35.1828Allan Cunningham was the first European to encounter the macadamia plant, in Australia.1857 - 1858German-Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller gave the genus the scientific name "Macadamia". He named it after his friend John Macadam, a noted scientist and secretary of the Philosophical Institute of Australia.1858'Bauple nuts' were discovered in Bauple, Queensland; they are now known as macadamia nuts.Walter Hill, superintendent of the Brisbane Botanic Gardens (Australia), observed a boy eating the.


Question: What is the architectural style of this place?

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Hackesche Höfe. The Hackesche Höfe () is a notable courtyard complex situated adjacent to the Hackescher Markt in the centre of Berlin. The complex consists of eight interconnected courtyards, accessed through a main arched entrance at number 40 Rosenthaler Straße.The complex was designed in the Jugendstil (or Art Nouveau) style by August Endell, and the first courtyard is adorned with a magnificent facade of polychrome glazed brick. The construction of this project, launched in 1906, follows a pattern of clear separation between residential areas, crafts, trade and culture, which distinguishes it from the courtyards of the 19th century.In 1909 Kurt Hiller and.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this bird?

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Turquoise-browed motmot. The turquoise-browed motmot ("Eumomota superciliosa") also known as Torogoz, is a colourful, medium-sized bird of the motmot family, Momotidae. It inhabits Central America from south-east Mexico (mostly the Yucatán Peninsula), to Costa Rica, where it is common and not considered threatened. It lives in fairly open habitats such as forest edge, gallery forest and scrubland. It is more conspicuous than other motmots, often perching in the open on wires and fences. From these perches it scans for prey, such as insects and small reptiles. White eggs (3–6) are laid in a long tunnel nest in an earth bank or sometimes.


Question: Which geographic area is this plant found?

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Jujube. more likely introduced there. The plant in Arabic and Persian is known as "Enab (عناب)", and is known as the "hinap" or "finab" in the eastern part of Bulgaria. It grows wild but is also a garden shrub, kept for its fruit. The fruit is picked in the autumn.The tree tolerates a wide range of temperatures and rainfall, though it requires hot summers and sufficient water for acceptable fruiting. Unlike most of the other species in the genus, it tolerates fairly cold winters, surviving temperatures down to about −15 (°C), and the tree is, for instance, commonly cultivated in Beijing.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

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Quercus douglasii. Quercus douglasii, known as blue oak, is a species of oak endemic to (found only in) California, common in the Coast Ranges and the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. It is California's most drought-tolerant deciduous oak, and is a dominant species in the blue oak woodland ecosystem. It is occasionally known as mountain oak and iron oak.## Description."Quercus douglasii" is a medium-sized tree with sparse foliage, generally 6 - 20 (m) tall, with a trunk 36 - 60 (cm) in diameter at breast height. Trunks are typically solitary, but some trees have multiple trunks. The tallest recorded specimen was found.

Quercus douglasii. in Alameda County, at 28.7 (m). The trees grow slowly, about 12 (in) per year. Individual trees over 500 years old have been recorded.The bark is light gray with many medium-sized dark cracks. The blue-green leaves are tough and leathery, deciduous, 4 - 10 (cm) long, and entire or shallowly lobed. The acorns are 2 - 3 (cm) long, with a moderately sweet kernel, and mature in 6–7 months from pollination."Q. douglasii" is monoecious and wind-pollinated. Flower buds take a growing season to develop into catkins. Blue oak pollen is severely allergenic.## Taxonomy.The species is one of over 80 named.

Quercus douglasii. after Scottish botanist David Douglas. The common name "blue oak" derives from the dark blue-green tint of its leaves.Taxonomically it is placed in the white oak group (subgenus "Quercus", section "Quercus").## Ecology."Q. douglasii" prefers dry to moist soil and plenty of sunlight. Its sparse foliage allows more light to reach the ground, and young trees may grow for decades below their parents' canopies. The species often co-habitates with gray pine ("Pinus sabiniana"), and is also found with interior live oak ("Q. wislizeni"), coast live oak ("Q. agrifolia"), valley oak ("Q. lobata"), Oregon white oak ("Q. garryana"), and canyon live oak.

Quercus douglasii. ("Q. chrysolepis"). Natural hybrids between "Q. douglasii" and the related "Q. lobata", "Q. garryana", and shrub live oak ("Q. turbinella") often occur where the species grow together in the same area. Sources consider "Quercus × alvordiana" to be a hybrid of "Q. douglasii" and either "Q. turbinella" or "Q. john-tuckeri".Old-growth blue oak woodland may be one of the most widespread old-growth forest ecosystems remaining in the state after European colonization.## Drought tolerance."Quercus douglasii" is the most drought-tolerant of California's deciduous oaks. It has a smaller canopy than less drought-tolerant relatives, and invests proportionally more growth into roots rather than leaves.

Quercus douglasii. throughout its life cycle. The leathery blue-green leaves contribute to its drought resistance; during drought, the leaf color is more pronounced. Trees can also drop their leaves in summer rather than fall in dry years, but usually continue to develop their acorns through the fall. Drought may cause trees not to flower in spring.## Gall wasps.Author Ron Russo writes that "Q. douglasii" hosts the "largest number of known species" of gall wasps, at more than 50. The wasps trigger the formation of oak galls in a wide variety of shapes, colors, and sizes.## Sudden oak death resistance.As of 2002, the.

Quercus douglasii. disease known as sudden oak death, caused by the oomycete "Phytophthora ramorum", had not been found in "Quercus douglasii" or any members of the white oak group. An experiment showed that "Q. douglasii" and "Q. lobata" (another white oak) appeared to be resistant to the pathogen.## Uses.Native Californians commonly gathered "Quercus douglasii" acorns, which they considered good-tasting, and processed them into acorn flour. They made baskets out of blue oak seedlings, utensils such as bowls from the wood, and dye from the acorns. Commercially, the blue oak is mainly limited to use as firewood. The acorns are eaten by wildlife.

Quercus douglasii. and livestock. They can be eaten but, if bitter, may need to have the tannins leached. "Quercus × alvordiana.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

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Asplenium rhizophyllum. Asplenium rhizophyllum, the (American) walking fern, is a frequently-occurring fern native to North America. It is a close relative of "Asplenium ruprechtii" (syn: "Camptosorus sibiricus") which is found in East Asia and also goes by the common name of "walking fern".## Description."Asplenium rhizophyllum" is a small fern whose undivided, evergreen leaves and long, narrow leaf tips, sometimes curving back and rooting, give it a highly distinctive appearance. It grows in tufts, often surrounded by child plants formed from the leaf tips. The leaves of younger plants tend to lie flat to the ground, while older plants have leaves more erect.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. or arching.## Roots and rhizomes.It does not spread and form new plants via the roots. Its rhizomes (underground stems) are upright or nearly so, short, about 1 (mm) in diameter, and generally unbranched. They bear dark brown or blackish, narrowly triangular or lance-shaped scales which are strongly clathrate (bearing a lattice-like pattern). The scales are 2 to 3 (mm) long and 0.5 to 1 (mm) wide (occasionally as narrow as 0.2 (mm)) with untoothed margins.## Leaves.The stipe (the stalk of the leaf, below the blade) is 0.5 to 12 (cm) long (occasionally up to 15 (cm) long), and ranges from.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. one-tenth to one and one-half times the length of the blade. The stipe is reddish-brown and sometimes shiny at the base, becoming green above, and narrowly winged. Scales like those of the rhizome are present at the stipe base, changing to tiny club-shaped hairs above.The leaf blades are not subdivided, as in most other ferns, but are narrowly triangular to linear or lance-shaped. Their shape can be quite variable, even on the same plant. They measure from 1 to 30 (cm) long and from 0.5 to 5 (cm) across and have a leathery texture with sparse hairs, more abundant below.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. than above. The rachis (leaf axis) is dull green in color and almost devoid of hairs. On the underside of the blade, the veins are difficult to see and anastomose (split and rejoin each other), forming a series of areoles (the small areas enclosed by the veins) near the rachis. Fertile fronds are usually larger than sterile fronds, but their shape is otherwise the same. The base of the blade is typically heart-shaped (with the stipe protruding from the cleft); the bulges on either side of the cleft are frequently enlarged into auricles (rounded lobes), or occasionally into sharply-pointed, tapering.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. lobes. The leaf tips may be rounded but are typically very long and attenuate (drawn out); the attenuate tips are capable of sprouting roots and growing into a new plant when the tip touches a surface suitable for growth. On rare occasions, the auricles at the leaf base will also take on an attenuate shape and form roots at the tip. The ability of the leaf tips to root and form a new plant at some distance from the parent gives the species its common name. The young leaves forming from a bud at the leaf tip are round to.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. pointed at their apex, not yet having developed the long-attenuate shape.Specimens of "A. rhizophyllum" with forked blades have been found in Arkansas and Missouri. The fork usually occurs in the tip, perhaps due to growth after insect damage, but one specimen was found forking from the upper part of the stipe.## Sori and spores.Fertile fronds bear a large number of sori underneath, 1 to 4 (mm) long, which are not arranged in any particular order. The sori are often fused where veins join, and may curve to follow the vein to which they are attached. The sori are covered by.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. inconspicuous thin, white indusia with untoothed edges. Each sporangium in a sorus carries 64 spores. The diploid sporophyte has a chromosome number of 72.## Similar species.The leaf shape and proliferating tips easily distinguish "A. rhizophyllum" from most other ferns. Its hybrid descendants share the long-attenuate leaf tip, but are more deeply lobed. An artificial backcross between "A. rhizophyllum" and "A. tutwilerae" was closer to "A. rhizophyllum" in morphology, but still remained some lobes in the basal part of the blade, had a shallowly undulating, rather than smoothly curved, leaf edge in the apical part, showed a maroon color in the.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. stipe up to the base of the leaf blade, and possessed the abortive spores of a sterile hybrid. "A. ruprechtii", the Asian walking fern, also possesses attenuate, proliferating tips, but has a lanceolate leaf blade, which tapers to a wedge at the base rather than forming a heart shape. "A. scolopendrium", the hart's-tongue fern, has larger, longer leaves that are glossy with a rounded tip.## Taxonomy.This species is commonly known as North American walking fern or simply walking fern, because the growth of new plants at the leaf tip allows it to "walk" across surfaces over several generations. The specific.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. epithet "rhizophyllum", meaning "root leaf", also reflects this characteristic.Linnaeus first gave the walking fern the binomial "Asplenium rhizophyllum" in his "Species Plantarum" of 1753. In 1833, J.H.F. Link placed the species in a segregate genus, "Camptosorus", because of the irregular arrangement of its sori (in contrast to the rest of "Asplenium", where the sori are confined to the edge of veins). John Smith did not feel that this character was sufficient to segregate it from the rest of "Asplenium", but placed it in the genus "Antigramma", another "Asplenium" segregate, on the basis of its reticulate venation, to the convolutions of.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. which he attributed the soral arrangement. It was commonly placed either in "Asplenium" and "Camptosorus" by later authors, the latter genus including the similar Asian species "A. ruprechtii" but phylogenetic studies have shown that "Camptosorus" is nested within "Asplenium" and its species should be treated as part of that genus. The name "Asplenium rhizophyllum" has also been applied to two other species; in current botanical practice, these are illegitimate later homonyms of Linnaeus' name of 1753. The first of these homonyms was created by Linnaeus himself in 1763, when he accidentally used the name twice, applying it first to his.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. original taxon and again to a species from the West Indies which also proliferates at the leaf tips. He had referred to the West Indian species as "A. radicans" in 1759, the name by which it is known today. In 1834, Gustav Kunze transferred the species "Caenopteris rhizophylla" to "Asplenium" without changing the epithet; George Proctor identified this species, based on a specimen from Dominica, with "A. conquisitum", now synonymized with "A. rutaceum". A global phylogeny of "Asplenium" published in 2020 divided the genus into eleven clades, which were given informal names pending further taxonomic study. "A. rhizophyllum" belongs to.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. the ""A. cordatum" subclade" of the ""Schaffneria" clade". The "Schaffneria" clade has a worldwide distribution, and members vary widely in form and habitat. There is no clear morphological feature that unites the "A. cordatum" subclade; the sister species of "A. rhizophyllum" is "A. ruprechtii", which shares an undivided leaf blade and a proliferating tip, while the other three species are scaly spleenworts of dry habitats in Africa and the Middle East.## Hybrids.Walking fern is one of the three parental species of the "Appalachian "Asplenium" complex", a group of Asplenium hybrids and their progenitors known from eastern North America. Hybridization between.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. walking fern and mountain spleenwort ("A. montanum") has given rise through chromosome doubling to a new, fertile, species, lobed spleenwort ("A. pinnatifidum"). The sterile hybrid between walking fern and ebony spleenwort ("A. platyneuron"), known as Scott's spleenwort ("A. × ebenoides"), may be found where the two parents are in contact; at one locality, in Havana Glen, Alabama, "A. × ebenoides" has undergone chromosome doubling to produce a fertile species, Tutwiler's spleenwort ("A. tutwilerae").Much more rarely, walking fern hybridizes with two other common spleenworts of eastern North America. The hybrid between walking fern and wall-rue ("A. ruta-muraria"), known as unexpected spleenwort.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. ("A. × inexpectatum"), is known from a single specimen collected on dolomite in Adams County, Ohio. The hybrid between walking fern and maidenhair spleenwort, ("A. trichomanes" ssp. "trichomanes"), Shawnee spleenwort ("A. × shawneense"), is known from one collection on sandstone in the Shawnee Hills of Illinois.A triploid hybrid between walking fern and Tutwiler's spleenwort was accidentally produced in culture. A similar plant collected from limestone in Shepherdstown, West Virginia could have originated from the same parents, from an unreduced (diploid) gametophyte of Scott's spleenwort crossed with walking fern, or from an unreduced walking fern gametophyte crossed with ebony spleenwort.## Infraspecific.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. taxa.In 1813, Henry Muhlenberg listed lobed spleenwort as "Asplenium rhizophyllum" var. "pinnatifidum", although he did not provide a description distinguishing the variety from the typical species. It was described as the species "A. pinnatifidum" by Thomas Nuttall in 1818.A number of forms have been described, of limited taxonomic value. In 1883, J. C. Arthur described walking ferns from limestone cliffs in Muscatine County, Iowa that lacked auricles at the leaf base, with the blade abruptly tapering at the base instead. In this respect, the plants closely resembled "A. ruprechtii", but the leaf shape of the Iowa plants was lanceolate (widest.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. near the base) rather than ovate (widest in the middle), and the wide point of the leaf in the Iowa plants appeared slightly lobed. He named these plants "Camptosorus rhizophyllus" var. "intermedius"; the variety was subsequently given the status of a form by Willard N. Clute. In 1922, Ralph Hoffmann gave the name "C. rhizophyllus" f. "auriculatus" to specimens with proliferating auricles, based on material on limestone from New Marlborough, Massachusetts. In 1924, Frederick W. Gray described as "C. rhizophyllus" f. "angustatus" material from a sandstone boulder in Monroe County, West Virginia. These had a short stipe, less than 1.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. (in) long, and narrow leaf blades, less than 0.375 (in) wide, with the sori almost at the margins. He argued that as they were found along with normal material, they were not solely due to sun exposure. Finally, in 1935, Carl L. Wilson described "C. rhizophyllus" f. "boycei" based on material collected from the base of a limestone boulder in Highgate Springs, Vermont by Guy Boyce. These plants had deeply lobed auricles, and erose (jagged or indented) leaf margins with rounded edges.## Distribution.The principal range of "A. rhizophyllum" is in the Appalachian Mountains and the Ozarks. It can be found.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. from southern Quebec and Ontario along the Appalachians and Piedmont southwestward to Mississippi and Alabama, along the Ohio Valley and into the Ozarks west to Nebraska and Oklahoma, and along the Mississippi Valley north to Wisconsin and Minnesota. It has become extinct in Maine and Delaware. The distribution typically follows area of limy soil; sometimes said to be rare, it is better described as locally abundant where conditions favor it.## Ecology and conservation.Walking fern grows on shaded boulders, ledges and in crevices, usually covered with moss. On rare occasions, it is found on fallen tree trunks, as an epiphyte, or.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. on the ground. It is usually found on limestone or other alkaline rocks, rarely on sandstone or other acidic rocks.While globally secure, it is endangered in some states and provinces at the edge of its range. NatureServe considers it critically imperiled (S1) in Mississippi, New Hampshire and Rhode Island, imperiled (S2) in Michigan and South Carolina, and vulnerable (S3) in North Carolina and Quebec.## Cultivation.It was introduced into cultivation in England in 1680. It prefers low to medium light levels, and a moist, basic potting mix, or soil with added lime chips. Michigan conservation plan Last report from Maine Report.

Asplenium rhizophyllum. from sandstone in Michigan Hardy Fern Library Connecticut Botanical Society Flora of Pennsylvania.


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Salève. The Salève (), or Mont Salève, is a mountain of the French Prealps located in the department of Haute-Savoie in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is also called the "Balcony of Geneva" (French: "Balcon de Genève").## Geography.Geographically, the Salève is a mountain of the French Prealps located in the Haute-Savoie department, but geologically a part of the Jura chain, as the Vuache is. Below the Salève is the Geneva urban area where more than 700,000 people live.The Salève consists of the Pitons, Grand Salève and Petit Salève; it culminates at 1,379 metres at the Grand Piton. It is accessible via the Téléphérique du.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

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Eurasian curlew. The Eurasian curlew or common curlew (Numenius arquata) is a wader in the large family Scolopacidae. It is one of the most widespread of the curlews, breeding across temperate Europe and Asia. In Europe, this species is often referred to just as the "curlew", and in Scotland known as the "whaup" in Scots.## Taxonomy.The Eurasian curlew was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his "Systema Naturae" under the binomial name "Scolopax arquata". It is now placed with eight other curlews in the genus "Numenius" that was introduced by the French ornithologist.

Eurasian curlew. Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. The genus name "Numenius" is from Ancient Greek νουμήνιος, "noumēnios", a bird mentioned by Hesychius. It is associated with the curlew because it appears to be derived from "neos", "new" and "mene" "moon", referring to the crescent-shaped bill. The species name "arquata" is the Medieval Latin name for this bird, derived from Latin "arcuatus", "bow-shaped", and again referring to the shape of the bill.The English name "curlew" is imitative of the Eurasian curlew's call, but may have been influenced by the Old French "corliu", "messenger", from "courir ", "to run". It was first recorded in.

Eurasian curlew. and a very long curved bill. Males and females look identical, but the bill is longest in the adult female. It is generally not possible to recognize the sex of a single Eurasian curlew, or even several ones, as there is much variation; telling male and female of a mated pair apart is usually possible however. The familiar call is a loud "curloo-oo".The only similar species over most of the curlew's range is the Eurasian whimbrel ("Numenius phaeopus"). The whimbrel is smaller and has a shorter bill with a kink rather than a smooth curve. Flying curlews may also resemble.

Eurasian curlew. affected in areas with high levels of arable farming and afforestation which have reduced its natural habitats of open grasslands. Conserving breeding curlews in Southern England (Eurasian) curlew species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds Video of a Curlew Probing the Mud in the Thames Estuary.


Question: Which location has this insect invaded?

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Western conifer seed bug. herbivores, it might be that in evolving its ability to overcome these defenses, "L. occidentalis" actually became somewhat dependent on such compounds.Its host plants in the native range include conifers such as Douglas-fir ("Pseudotsuga menziesii"), ponderosa pine ("Pinus ponderosa"), lodgepole pine ("Pinus contorta"), and white spruce ("Picea glauca"). Outside the native range, it is found on species such as eastern white pine ("P. strobus") and red pine ("P. resinosa") in eastern North America and Europe, and mountain pine ("P. mugo"), black pine ("P. nigra"), Scots pine ("P. sylvestris") and pistachio ("Pistacia vera") in Europe.The eggs are laid in small groups.

Western conifer seed bug. of this species arrived on the south coast of England, indicating natural immigration from continental Europe. In late 2009, a large group of western conifer seed bugs invaded Koç University in Istanbul, Turkey. The same thing happened in October 2012 in most of the cities of the French Alps, like Moûtiers. In 2017 it appears for the first time in the Southern Hemisphere, with several records from Chile.It was also first recorded from Tokyo, Japan in 2008, and some additional records from Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture have been added until 2009.In 2010 the first detection was made in Ukraine, in.

Western conifer seed bug. Dniprorudne, and the next year in Russia, in Rostov-on-Don.In 2020 it was first reported in Finland.On October 21, 2020 the first sighting in Andorra was posted to iNaturalist, and in September this species was found in Kozhukhovka in Kyiv region, Ukraine.In June 2021 Agence France Presse carried a report into devastation caused by the bug in the Qsaybeh pine forest east of Beirut, Lebanon, resulting in the collapse of pine nut production."This article draws heavily on the in the Italian-language Wikipedia." Stages of metamorphosis Status of "L. occidentalis" in Britain Western Conifer Seed Bug.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Ajuga pyramidalis. Ajuga pyramidalis, commonly known as pyramidal bugle, is a flowering plant of the genus "Ajuga" in the family Lamiaceae. It is a native plant in Europe.## Description.Pyramidal bugle is a perennial, herbaceous plant growing from about 5 to 20 (cm) tall. At the base there is a rosette of stalked leaves which are significantly larger than the stem leaves. The stiff upright hairy stem is square and bears simple leaves growing in opposite pairs. They are ovate, hairy above and below and have a slightly wavy edge. The inflorescence has leaf-like bracts subtending the individual flowers. The bracts gradually get.

Ajuga pyramidalis. smaller towards the tip of the inflorescence, are always longer than the flowers and the upper ones are often tinged purple. The inflorescence forms a pyramid-shaped terminal spike and is formed of axillary whorls. The calyx of each flower is five-lobed, the bluish-violet corolla has a long tube and is fused, with two lips. The upper lip is very short and the lower lip is three-lobed. There are four stamens, two long and two short. The gynoecium is formed of two fused carpels and the fruit is a four-chambered schizocarp. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic. The flowers produce nectar to.

Ajuga pyramidalis. attract pollinators which are bumblebees and butterflies.The flowering time extends from June to August. The chromosome number is 2n = 32.## Ecology.The bracts in the inflorescence form effective shelters for the flowers from rain, their red-violet color enhances the signal effect of the flowers. The shaggy hairiness of the calyx protects the flower against small, crawling insects. The nectar is additionally secured by a stiff, upturned hair ring.The fruits with fleshy, oily appendages (elaiosomes) are quickly taken by ants.## Distribution.Rocky ground, very rare in Ireland. Also found in Scotland and Westmorland in England.## Occurrence.The pyramid bugle is native to in.

Ajuga pyramidalis. northern Europe and the Caucasus where it occurs at sea level in the British Isles, in the mountains of central and southern Europe, and in northern and western Scandinavia. It grows on almost neutral soils in open grassland, heathland and rock ledges. In the Alps, it grows at altitudes of up to 2700 (m).## Uses.The pyramid bugle, like many Ajuga species, is often erroneously claimed to hold medicinal properties and may be used for wound treatment and for metabolic disorders.## References.Xaver Finkenzeller: Alpenblumen, München 2003, M. A. Fischer, W. Adler & K Oswald.: Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, Linz,.

Ajuga pyramidalis. 2005, Erich Oberdorfer: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. 8 Auflage. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001.


Question: How many offspring can this animal produce at the same time?

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Gray fox. in North America. This explains the gray fox's tendency to change behavior in response to the coyote threat, as they are essentially lower on the food chain. ## Reproduction.The gray fox is assumed to be monogamous, like other foxes. The breeding season of the gray fox varies geographically; in Michigan, the gray fox mates in early March, in Alabama, breeding peaks occur in February. The gestation period lasts approximately 53 days. Litter size ranges from 1–7, with a mean of 3.8 young per female.The sexual maturity of females is around 10 months of age. Kits begin to hunt with their.


Question: Who designed this building?

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Palace of Justice, Bucharest. The Palace of Justice (), located in Bucharest, Romania, was designed by the architects Albert Ballu and Ion Mincu and built between 1890 and 1895. The foundation stone was laid by King Carol I of Romania on October 7, 1890. The façade of the building is adorned with several statues representing allegories: Law, Justice, Justice, Truth, Force, and Prudence; the statues are the work of sculptors Carol Storck and Frederic Storck.Located on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, the palace houses the Bucharest Court of Appeal, the Sector 5 Court, the National Union of Romanian Bars, and the Bucharest Bar.


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Twin Pagoda Temple. The Twin Pagoda Temple (), officially known as Yongzuo Temple (), of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China, is a temple containing two pagodas dating from the Ming dynasty.## History.The East pagoda was built in 1597, and the West one in 1612. In charge of the pagoda’s construction was a high ranking monk, named Fodeng (佛灯). By the 20th century, deterioration since construction had caused the East pagoda to slant from its center of gravity by 2.87 meters. In 1995, experts set about trying to correct the slant. They removed earth from underneath the pagoda and successfully corrected the pagoda's tilt.## Pagodas.The.


Question: What is the weight of a female of this bird in kilogram?

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Coscoroba swan. the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society, the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), and the Clements taxonomy treat the Cape Barren goose as basal to other geese, which themselves precede the coscoroba and other swans in a linear sequence. Even those three systems differ, with the IOC placing the coscoroba before "Cygnus" and the other two after it in their lists.The coscoroba swan is the only member of genus "Coscoroba" and has no subspecies.## Description.The coscoroba is the smallest swan at 90 to 115 (cm) long with a wingspan of about 155 (cm). Males weigh 3.8 to 5.4.


Question: Who is the owner of this building?

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Chapel of the Resurrection (Valparaiso, Indiana). The Chapel of the Resurrection is the centerpiece structure on the campus of Valparaiso University in Valparaiso, Indiana. Primarily used to facilitate many Lutheran campus worship services, the Chapel of the Resurrection also serves as a site for convocations, musical performances, guest lectures, and commencement ceremonies.The chapel's chancel is 98 (ft) high and is circular in shape; the roof of the apse is shaped like a nine-pointed star. The nave is 58 (ft) high and 193 (ft) long. The building capacity is around 2000, although this number is flexible depending upon the configuration of the chairs, which recently replaced the.

Chapel of the Resurrection (Valparaiso, Indiana). pews. To the southwest of the Chapel lies the Brandt Campanile, a 12-bell tower rising 143 (ft) tall.Clearly visible from U.S. Route 30 and throughout the surrounding community, the building is located on the highest point of ground on the Valparaiso University campus and is a Northwest Indiana landmark.## History.Groundbreaking for the Chapel construction took place in 1956. The building was designed by the architectural firm Charles Stade and Associates of Park Ridge, Illinois, though certain elements and features (e.g., the stone baptistry, the stained glass windows, etc.) were designed by other artists. Peter Dohmen Studios of St. Paul, Minnesota.

Chapel of the Resurrection (Valparaiso, Indiana). designed the 95 (ft) high stained glass windows, as well as the marble interzia altar, and the mosaic at the entrance of the chapel. Adalbert Raphael Kretzmann, pastor and brother of Valparaiso University president O. P. Kretzmann, joined Charles Stade in the building's design.The altar is 20 (ft) long, made of various types of Italian marble. Peter Dohmen designed the inlaid marble pedestals to depict, with symbols, the four evangelists. Matthew is represented by an angel, Mark by a lion, John by an eagle, and Luke by an ox.Peter Dohmen learned his skills at the top art academies of Europe.

Chapel of the Resurrection (Valparaiso, Indiana). building was dedicated in 1959, part of Valparaiso University's centennial celebration, and officially designated as the Chapel of the Resurrection at the 10th anniversary service in 1969.In July and August 2005, the university built a medieval-style prayer labyrinth on the east side of the chapel, 64 feet in diameter. The university is adding 11000 (sqft) to the building in 2014, known as the Helge Center.## Organ.The Reddel Organ in the chapel was built by organ builder Herman Schlicker of Buffalo, New York. A contract for the organ was signed on September 27, 1957 at a cost of $68,000. These funds.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this animal?

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Limacus flavus. Limacus flavus, known commonly as the cellar slug, the yellow slug, or the tawny garden slug, is a medium to large species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Limacidae.## Description.This slug has a yellow body with grey mottling, and pale blue tentacles. When extended, the body length can be 7.5 to 10 (cm).## Distribution.The yellow slug is common in Scotland, England, Wales and Ireland as well as most of southern and western Europe. It has been accidentally introduced in many other parts of the world. Great Britain Ireland Ukraine China and other areas## Behavior.Yellow.

Limacus flavus. slugs, like the majority of other land slugs, use two pairs of tentacles on their heads to sense their environment. The upper pair, called "optical tentacles", is used to sense light. The lower pair, "oral tentacles", provide the slug's sense of smell. Both pairs can retract and extend themselves to avoid hazards, and, if lost to an accident or predation, can be regrown.Like all slugs, the yellow slug moves relatively slowly, gliding along using a series of muscular contractions on the underside of its foot, which is lubricated with mucus, such that it leaves a slime trail behind it.## Ecology.This.

Limacus flavus. species feeds mostly on fungi, decaying matter, and vegetables.## Habitat.This species is strongly associated with human habitation, and is usually found in damp areas such as cellars, kitchens, and gardens or under stones. Generally speaking it is only seen at night, because it is nocturnal. Thus often it goes unnoticed and people are unaware of how (relatively) common the species is."Limacus flavus" are inedible to humans. The slugs and other snails are researched and have been found to have a high count of fatty acid composition of phospholipids, including omega 6 and other important fatty acids.## Parasites.Parasites of "Limacus flavus.

Limacus flavus. include the nematode "Angiostoma spiridonovi". Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). "Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca". pp 196–219 in Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch. Barker, G. M. (1999). Naturalised terrestrial Stylommatophora (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Fauna of New Zealand 38: 1-254 Herbert, D.G. (2010). The introduced terrestrial Mollusca of South Africa. SANBI Biodiversity Series, 15: vi + 108 pp. Pretoria. Sysoev, A. V. & Schileyko, A. A. (2009). Land snails and slugs of Russia and adjacent countries. Sofia/Moskva (Pensoft). 312 pp., 142 plates. [June] [=.

Limacus flavus. Pensoft Series Faunistica No 87] page(s): 151, Fig. 77D, 84F"Limax flavus" at Animalbase taxonomy, short description, distribution, biology, status (threats), images Image of the Great Yellow Slug.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this insect?

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Hermetia illucens. Hermetia illucens, the black soldier fly, is a common and widespread fly of the family Stratiomyidae.## Distribution.This species is native to the Neotropical realm, but in recent decades has spread across all continents, becoming virtually cosmopolitan. It is present in most of the United States and Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula, southern France, Italy, Croatia, Malta, the Canary Islands, and Switzerland, on the Black Sea coast of Russia in the Krasnodar Territory. It can also be found in the Afrotropical realm, the Australasian realm, the east Palaearctic realm, the Nearctic realm, North Africa, Southern Africa, and the Indomalayan realm.## Description.The.

Hermetia illucens. adults of "H. illucens" measure about 16 (mm) long. These medium-sized flies have a predominantly black body, with metallic reflections ranging from blue to green on the thorax and sometimes with a reddish end of the abdomen. The second abdominal tergite has translucent areas, from which the specific Latin epithet derives. The head is wide, with very developed eyes. The antennae are about twice the length of the head. The legs are black with whitish tarsi. The wings are membranous; in the resting time, they are folded horizontally on the abdomen and overlapped."H. illucens" is a mimic fly, very close.

Hermetia illucens. in size, color, and appearance to the organ pipe mud dauber wasp and its relatives. The mimicry of this particular kind of wasp is especially enhanced in that the fly's antennae are elongated and wasp-like, the fly's hind tarsi are pale, as are the wasp's, and the fly has two small transparent "windows" in the basal abdominal segments that make the fly appear to have a narrow "wasp waist". Black soldier fly larvae can be differentiated from blowfly or housefly larvae by a thin gray-black stripe on their posterior ends.## Lifecycle.An adult female lays between 206 and 639 eggs at.

Hermetia illucens. a time. These eggs are typically deposited in crevices or on surfaces above or adjacent to decaying matter such as manure or compost and hatch in about 4 days. Freshly emerged larvae are 0.04 (in), being able to reach a length of 1 (in) and weight of 0.10 to 0.22 (g) by the end of larval stage. The larvae are able to feed on a wide variety of organic matter, adapting to diets with different nutrient content. The larval stage lasts from 18 to 36 days, depending on the food substrates provided to the larvae, of which the postfeeding (prepupal).

Hermetia illucens. stage lasts around 7 days. The length of larval stage can be delayed by months due to low temperature or lack of food. The pupal stage lasts from 1 to 2 weeks. Adults can live typically 47 to 73 days when provided with water and food, such as sugar in captivity or nectar in the wild, or survive for about 8 to 10 days on fat reserves gathered during larval stage when water is provided.## Human relevance and use.The larvae and adults are considered neither pests nor vectors. Instead, black soldier fly larvae play a similar role to that of.

Hermetia illucens. redworms as essential decomposers in breaking down organic substrates and returning nutrients to the soil. The larvae have voracious appetites and can be used for composting household food scraps and agricultural waste products.Additionally, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are an alternative source of protein for aquaculture, animal feed, pet food and human nutrition.The larvae are produced and processed in industrial-scale insect factories globally by biotechnology companies such as AgriProtein, InnovaFeed and Protix, the latter operating the world's largest insect factory in the Netherlands.## As decomposers / in composting.Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are used to compost waste or convert the.

Hermetia illucens. waste into animal feed. The wastes include fresh manure and food wastes of both animal and vegetable origin. Fly larvae are among the most efficient animals at converting biomass into feed.When the larvae have completed their larval development through six instars, they enter a stage called the "prepupa" wherein they cease to eat, and they tend to migrate toward cool, dark, and dry substrates to pupate. This prepupal migration instinct is used by bins to self-harvest the mature larvae. have ramps or holes on the sides to allow the prepupae to climb out of the composter and drop into a.

Hermetia illucens. collection area.Larvae are beneficial in these ways:Their large size relative to houseflies and blowflies allows them to prevent houseflies and blowflies from laying eggs in decaying matter by consuming larvae of other species. This matters because compost systems inhabited by houseflies and blowflies carry a much greater stench than systems inhabited by BSFL, making" H. illucens" a more human-friendly way to minimize food waste.They are not a pest to humans. Unlike houseflies, adult black soldier flies have greatly-reduced sponging mouthparts and can only consume liquids such as flower nectar or do not eat at all. They do not regurgitate food.

Hermetia illucens. along with digestive enzymes like houseflies, thus do not spread diseases.They are not attracted to human habitation or foods. As a detritivore and coprovore, the egg-bearing females are attracted to rotting food or manure.Black soldier flies do not fly around as much as houseflies. They have less expendable energy due to their limited ability to consume food as adults. They are very easy to catch and relocate when they get inside a house, as they do not avoid being picked up, they are sanitary, and they neither bite nor sting. Their only defense seems to be hiding. When using a.

Hermetia illucens. wet grub bin that will collect or kill all the pupae, the black soldier fly population is easy to reduce by killing the pupae/prepupae in the collection container, before they become flies. They may be killed by freezing, drying, manually feeding to domestic animals, putting the collection container in a chicken coop for automatic feeding, or feeding to wild birds with a mouse/pest-proof feeder.Significant reductions of "E. coli" 0157:H7 and" Salmonella enterica" were measured in hen manure after larvae activity was added onto the manure.They quickly reclaim would-be pollutants: Nine organic chemicals were greatly reduced or eliminated from manure in.

Hermetia illucens. 24 hours.They quickly reduce the volume and weight of would-be waste: The larval colony breaks apart its food, churns it, and creates heat, increasing compost evaporation. Significant amounts are also converted to carbon dioxide respired by the grubs and symbiotic/mutualistic microorganisms. BSFL in a compost system typically reduce the volume of compost by around 50%.Aside from the protein production, fly larvae also produce another valuable resource called frass. Fly larval frass is a granulated and odorless residue that can be used as organic fertilizer directly or through conversion by earthworms.Recent research in the field of entomoremediation shows the potential of.

Hermetia illucens. this insect for purification of biomass contaminated with heavy metals.## As feed.Black soldier fly larvae are used as feed. The harvested pupae and prepupae are eaten by poultry, fish, pigs, lizards, turtles, and even dogs. The insect is one of the few insect species approved to be used as feed in aquaculture in the EU.At the pupal stage, black soldier flies are at their nutritional peak. They can be stored at room temperature for several weeks, and their longest shelf life is achieved at 50 to 60 (F).## As human food.Records of human consumption of "Hermetia illucens" are difficult to.

Hermetia illucens. find.In 2013, Austrian designer Katharina Unger invented a table-top insect-breeding farm called "Farm 432" in which people can produce edible fly larvae at home. It is a multichambered plastic machine that looks like a kitchen appliance and can produce 500 (g) of larvae or two meals in a week.The taste of the larvae is said to be very distinctive. Unger: "When you cook them, they smell a bit like cooked potatoes. The consistency is a bit harder on the outside and like soft meat on the inside. The taste is nutty and a bit meaty.## For producing grease.Black soldier fly.

Hermetia illucens. larvae can be used to produce grease. The grease is usable in the pharmaceutical industry (cosmetics, surfactants for shower gel) thereby replacing other vegetable oils such as palm oil, or it can be used in fodder.## For producing chitin.Black soldier fly larvae can be used to produce chitin. Chitin is used in shipping as an alternative against biofouling. It is also used in water purification. Chitin also has a good potential as soil amendment, to improve soil fertility and plant resilience.## In bioremediation.The larvae of "Hermetia illucens" were used in a bioremediation experiment, in which they utilized up to 49%.

Hermetia illucens. of dry weight corn leaves polluted with cadmium or zinc after 36 days. Artificially polluted corn leaves serves here as a model plant material comparable to plant biomass polluted as a result of phytoextraction. The 49% loss of polluted dry weight is a better result than in the case of composting, which is one of the standard proposed pretreatments for biomass polluted after phytoextraction. The type of heavy metal did not affect the degree of utilization. Cadmium mostly accumulates in the puparium, while zinc accumulates in the adult fly.The use of insect for bioremediation is named entomoremediation.## Farming.## Larval colonies.The.

Hermetia illucens. main difficulty is obtaining black soldier fly larvae or eggs to start or replenish the colony. This is usually done by enticing the soldier flies to lay eggs in small holes over the grub bin. Adult flies lay clusters of eggs in the edges of corrugated cardboard or corrugated plastic. In some regions, it is possible to start or maintain adequate larvae colonies from native soldier flies; however, pest species such as houseflies and blowflies are also drawn to many of the foods used to attract soldier flies (such as fermented chicken feed).In tropical or subtropical climates, they might breed.

Hermetia illucens. year-round, but in other climates, a greenhouse may be needed to obtain eggs in the cooler periods. The grubs are quite hardy and can handle more acidic conditions and higher temperatures than redworms. Larvae can survive cold winters, particularly with large numbers of grubs, insulation, or compost heat (generated by the microorganisms in the grub bin or compost pile). Heat stimulates the grubs to crawl off, pupate, and hatch, and a great deal of light and heat seem to be required for breeding. Many small-scale grub farmers build their larval colonies from eggs deposited by wild soldier flies.## Space and.

Hermetia illucens. shape.Newly emerged soldier flies perform the beginning of their mating ritual in flight. The male grabs onto the female, and then grasps the female's ovipositor with his genitals. They mate while stationary and connected.German scientists have successfully bred soldier flies in a space as small as 10 liters.## Heat.Adults typically mated and oviposited at temperatures of 24 to 40 (C) or more. Around 99.6% of oviposition in the field occurred at 27.5 to 37.5 (C).## Light.Quartz-iodine lamps have been successfully used to stimulate mating of adults. In tropical conditions, morning direct sunlight is optimal for emergence, mating, and egglaying, with.

Hermetia illucens. indirect sunlight often preferred before and after mating.## Humidity.Humidity at 70% is considered optimal for all stages of their lifecycle.Substrate was found to be unnecessary for pupation, but substrate is thought to act as a regulator for humidity which prevents desiccation. A 93% emergence rate was observed when humidity was held at 70%.## Black soldier fly larvae and redworms.Worm farmers often get larvae in their worm bins. Larvae are best at quickly converting "high-nutrient" waste into animal feed. Redworms are better at converting high-cellulose materials (paper, cardboard, leaves, plant materials except wood) into an excellent soil amendment.Redworms thrive on the.

Hermetia illucens. residue produced by the fly larvae, but larvae leachate ("tea") contains enzymes and tends to be too acidic for worms. The activity of larvae can keep temperatures around 37 (C), while redworms require cooler temperatures. Most attempts to raise large numbers of larvae with redworms in the same container, at the same time, are unsuccessful. Worms have been able to survive in/under grub bins when the bottom is the ground. Redworms can live in grub bins when a large number of larvae are not present. Worms can be added if the larval population gets low (in the cold season) and.

Hermetia illucens. worms can be raised in grub bins while awaiting eggs from wild black soldier flies.As a feeder species, BSFL are not known to be intermediate hosts of parasitic worms that infect poultry, while redworms are host to many.## Names and trademarks.BSFL were developed as a feeder insect for exotic pets by D. Craig Sheppard, who named the larvae Phoenix Worms and began marketing them as pet food. In 2006, "Phoenix Worms" became the first feeder insect to be granted a U.S. registered trademark. Other companies also market BSFL under such brand names as NutriGrubs, Soldier Grubs, Reptiworms, Calciworms, BIOgrubs, and.

Hermetia illucens. Obie's Worms (Canada). In Australia, BSFL are marketed as live feeder insects under the brand name Beardie Grubs. In Africa they are marketed as live feeder, meal and oil by ProtiCycle for animal feed, pet food for dogs and cats as well as food for fish such as tilapia and catfish.## Possible natural enemies.In West Africa, "Dirhinus giffardii" has been found to be a parasitoid of "H. illucens" pupae and decrease egg production. It has been found to reduce stocks by up to 72%. The parasite is carried by the wasps and precautions should be taken to protect the larvae.

Hermetia illucens. from exposure to these wasps. Black fly Bioconversion of Food Waste : Black Soldier fly 'Grubby' Research Promises Environmental, Economic Benefits Black soldier fly on the UF / IFAS "Featured Creatures" website.


Question: What is this bird named after?

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New World oriole. New World orioles are a group of birds in the genus Icterus of the blackbird family. Unrelated to Old World orioles of the family Oriolidae, they are strikingly similar in size, diet, behavior, and strongly contrasting plumage. As a result, the two have been given the same vernacular name.Males are typically black and vibrant yellow or orange with white markings, females and immature birds duller. They molt annually. New World orioles are generally slender with long tails and a pointed bill. They mainly eat insects, but also enjoy nectar and fruit. The nest is a woven, elongated pouch. Species nesting.


Question: What are the locomotion methods of this animal?

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Hedgehog. belly, which are not quilled. Since the effectiveness of this strategy depends on the number of spines, some desert hedgehogs that evolved to carry less weight are more likely to flee or attack, ramming an intruder with the spines; rolling into a spiny ball for those species is a last resort. Hedgehogs are primarily nocturnal, though some species can also be active during the day. Hedgehogs sleep for a large portion of the day under bushes, grasses, rocks, or most commonly in dens dug in the ground, with varying habits among the species. All wild hedgehogs can hibernate, though not.


Question: Who commissioned this building?

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Tughlaqabad Fort. Tughluqabad Fort is a ruined fort in Delhi, built by Ghiyasuddin Tughluq, the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty, of the Delhi Sultanate of India in 1321, as he established the third historic city of Delhi, which was later abandoned in 1327. It lends its name to the nearby Tughluqabad residential-commercial area as well as the Tughluqabad Institutional Area. Ghiyasuddin Tughluq also built the Qutub-Badarpur Road, which connected the new city to the Grand Trunk Road. The road is now known as Mehrauli-Badarpur Road. The entry fee for the Fort is Rs. 20 for Indians. Also, nearby is Dr. Karni Singh.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Pomegranate. The pomegranate ("Punica granatum") is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the family Lythraceae, subfamily Punicoideae, that grows between 5 and 10 (m) tall.The pomegranate was originally described throughout the Mediterranean region. It was introduced into Spanish America in the late 16th century and into California by Spanish settlers in 1769.The fruit is typically in season in the Northern Hemisphere from October to February, and in the Southern Hemisphere from March to May. As intact sarcotestas or juice, pomegranates are used in baking, cooking, juice blends, meal garnishes, smoothies, and alcoholic beverages, such as cocktails and wine.Pomegranates are widely cultivated throughout.

Pomegranate. ripe fruit. Pomegranate grows easily from seed, but is commonly propagated from 25 to 50 (cm) hardwood cuttings to avoid the genetic variation of seedlings. Air layering is also an option for propagation, but grafting fails.## Varieties."P. granatum" var. "nana" is a dwarf variety of "P. granatum" popularly planted as an ornamental plant in gardens and larger containers, and used as a bonsai specimen tree. It could well be a wild form with a distinct origin. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.The only other species in the genus "Punica" is the Socotran pomegranate ("P. protopunica"),.


Question: Who designed this bridge?

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Franz Joseph Bridge. Franz Joseph Bridge (), later renamed Štefanik Bridge (), was a suspension bridge over the Vltava in Prague, opened in 1868.The bridge was designed by the English engineer Rowland Mason Ordish. The design, which used the Ordish–Lefeuvre system, was originally created for the Albert Bridge over the River Thames in London. However, after construction of the Albert Bridge was delayed, Ordish decided to build a bridge in Prague first. The foundation stone was laid on 19 October 1865, and engineer František Schön was charged with supervising the construction work. Emperor Franz Joseph, after whom the bridge was named, attended the.


Question: What country does this building belong to?

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Jeanne d'Arc (Frémiet). Jeanne d'Arc is an 1874 French gilded bronze equestrian sculpture of Joan of Arc by Emmanuel Frémiet. The outdoor statue is prominently displayed in the Place des Pyramides in Paris. == History == The original statue was commissioned by the French government after the defeat of the country in the 1870 Franco-Prussian War. It is the only public commission of the state from 1870 to 1914, called the Golden Age of statuary in Paris, the other statues were funded by private subscriptions. The sculptor took as his model Aimée Girod (1856–1937), a young woman from Domrémy, Joan of Arc's village.

Jeanne d'Arc (Frémiet). in Lorraine. The statue was inaugurated in 1874. The pedestal was designed by the architect Paul Abadie. The artist, who made another version of the monument for the city of Nancy in 1889, replaced the horse of the Parisian monument 10 years later by a copy of the smaller Nancy one, which earned him criticism.The monument was classified as a historic monument on March 31, 1992. Reviving a tradition from the far-right leagues, on every May Day, the National Front holds an annual ceremony in her honour at the statue. == Locations == The original work is located at the.

Jeanne d'Arc (Frémiet). Place des Pyramides, in Paris, near where Joan of Arc was wounded during her failed attempt to take Paris. Other copies can be seen at: Nancy, France, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Portland, Oregon (Joan of Arc), Melbourne, Australia. == Gallery == == See also == List of public art in Philadelphia Joan of Arc (Dubois) == References == == External links == Media related to Statue of Jeanne d'Arc in Paris, Place des Pyramides at Wikimedia Commons.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this bird?

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Reddish egret. The reddish egret ("Egretta rufescens") is a medium-sized heron. It is a resident breeder in Central America, The Bahamas, the Caribbean, the Gulf Coast of the United States, and Mexico. There is post-breeding dispersal to well north of the nesting range. In the past, this bird was a victim of the plume trade.According to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, there are only 1,500 to 2,000 nesting pairs of reddish egrets in the United States — and most of these are in Texas. They are classified as "threatened" in Texas and receive special protection.## Description.This species reaches 68 - 82.

Reddish egret. (cm) in length, with a 116 - 125 (cm) wingspan. Body mass in this species can range from 364 - 870 (g). Among standard linear measurements, the wing chord is 29 - 34.3 (cm), the tail is 8.8 - 13 (cm), the bill is 7.3 - 9.2 (cm) and the tarsus is 11.7 - 14.7 (cm). It is a medium-sized, long-legged, long-necked heron with a long pointed pinkish bill with a black tip. It is distinctly larger than other co-existing members of the genus "Egretta", but smaller than the great blue heron and great egret. The legs and feet are.

Reddish egret. have raucous courtship displays. They generally involve shaking of the head during the greeting ceremony, followed by chases and circle flights. They also involve raising of the neck, back and crest feathers, accompanied by bill clacking, similar to the tricolored heron. Egretta rufescens at Field Guide: Birds of the World on Flickr.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this bird?

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Gannet. Gannets are seabirds comprising the genus Morus in the family Sulidae, closely related to boobies.Gannets are large white birds with yellowish heads; black-tipped wings; and long bills. Northern gannets are the largest seabirds in the North Atlantic, having a wingspan of up to 2 (m). The other two species occur in the temperate seas around southern Africa, southern Australia, and New Zealand.## Etymology."Gannet" is derived from Old English "ganot" meaning "strong or masculine", ultimately from the same Old Germanic root as "gander".## Taxonomy."Morus" is derived from Ancient Greek "moros" "stupid" or "foolish" due to lack of fear shown by breeding.

Gannet. gannets and boobies, allowing them to be easily killed.## Behaviour.## Hunting.Gannets hunt fish by diving into the sea from a height of 30 (m) and pursuing their prey underwater, and have a number of adaptations: They have no external nostrils; they are located inside the mouth, instead. They have air sacs in the face and chest under the skin, which act like bubble wrap, cushioning the impact with the water. The position of their eyes is far enough forward on the face for binocular vision, allowing them to judge distances accurately.Gannets can achieve speeds of 100 (km/h) as they strike.

Gannet. the water, enabling them to catch fish at a much greater depth than most airborne birds.The gannet's supposed capacity for eating large quantities of fish has led to "gannet" becoming a description of somebody with a voracious appetite.## Mating and nesting.Gannets are colonial breeders on islands and coasts, normally laying one chalky-blue egg. They lack brood patches and use their webbed feet to warm the eggs. They reach maturity around 5 years of age. First-year birds are completely black, and subsequent subadult plumages show increasing amounts of white.## Northern gannets.The most important nesting ground for northern gannets is the United.


Question: Who/what operates this building?

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BMW Welt. The BMW Welt is a combined exhibition, delivery, adventure museum, and event venue located in Munich's district Am Riesenfeld, next to the Olympic Park, in the immediate vicinity of the BMW Headquarters and factory. It was built from August 2003 to summer 2007. A solar system with 800 kW of power is installed on the roof of the main building. The opening took place on 17 October 2007. The BMW Welt is the most visited tourist attraction in Bavaria.## Operations.BMW Welt operations are coordinated with the other local BMW facilities, the BMW Museum and BMW Headquarters. It has a showroom.

BMW Welt. with the current model lineup of BMW cars and motorcycles, and the other two BMW Group brands, Mini and Rolls-Royce. Customers picking up special ordered cars are given a dramatic "staged experience" in which they await their new car in an enormous glass-walled hall, and their cars are lifted up from lower levels on round elevator platforms. BMW Welt also has shops selling BMW-branded promotional merchandise and accessories, and a restaurant.## Design and construction.In 2001, an international architectural design competition was sponsored by BMW. Twenty-seven offices participated in the competition four of which were awarded prizes. The jury awarded two.

BMW Welt. offices Sauerbruch Hutton and COOP HIMMELB(L)AU first prize and made the recommendation for the competitors to rework their design submissions in a third design phase in order for BMW to determine which office would be awarded the contract.The contract was awarded to the Vienna-based architects COOP HIMMELB(L)AU and the facility was constructed from August 2003 through summer 2007 at a cost of US$200 million. Originally conceived to be open and ready for World Cup 2006, it eventually opened on 17 October 2007, and deliveries commenced on 23 October 2007. The first customer to take European delivery of a new BMW.

BMW Welt. at the Welt was Jonathan Spira.There were 2,200,000 visitors during the first 12 months of operation. The number of visitors increased to 2,930,000 in 2013, of which 60% came from Germany.Designed with an 800 kW solar plant on its roof, "the building does not have the boredom of an exhibition hall, it is not only a temple but also a market place and communication center, and a meeting point for knowledge transfer", said architect Wolf D. Prix at the opening ceremony.COOP HIMMELB(L)AU's BMW Welt project records are archived at the Canadian Centre for Architecture in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. World Architecture.

BMW Welt. Survey BMW-Welt on www.muenchenarchitektur.com BMW European Delivery wiki, on the Bimmerfest.com site.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this bird?

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Redhead (bird). The redhead (Aythya americana) is a medium-sized diving duck. The scientific name is derived from Greek "aithuia", an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Aristotle, and Latin "americana", of America. The redhead is 37 (cm) long with an 84 (cm) wingspan. Redhead weight ranges from 2.0 to 2.5 lbs (907-1134 g), with males weighing an average of 2.4 lbs (1089 g) and females weighing an average of 2.1 lbs (953 g). It belongs to the genus Aythya, together with 11 other described species. The redhead and the common pochard form a sister group which together is sister to.

Redhead (bird). the canvasback.The redhead goes by many names, including the red-headed duck and the red-headed pochard. This waterfowl is easily distinguished from other ducks by the male's copper coloured head and bright blue bill during the breeding season.## Taxonomy and phylogeny.## Taxonomy.The redhead is in the family Anatidae (ducks, swans, geese) and genus "Aythya" (diving ducks). There are currently no described subspecies of the redhead.The two syntype specimens of "Fuligula americana" Eyton (Monogr. Anat., 1838, p.155) are held in the vertebrate zoology collections of National Museums Liverpool at World Museum, with accession numbers NML-VZ D829 (male immature) and NML-VZ D829a (female.

Redhead (bird). as food of "Aythya americana" include: "Acteocina canaliculata", "Acteon punctostriatus", "Anachis avara", "Anachis obesa", "Caecum nitidum", "Calliostoma" sp., "Cerithidea pliculosa", "Cerithium lutosum", "Crepidula convexa", "Diastoma varium", "Melanella" sp., "Mitrella lunata", "Nassarius acutus", "Nassarius vibex", "Natica" sp., "Neritina virginea", "Odostomia trifida", "Olivella minuta", "Olivella watermani", "Polinices" sp., Pyramidellidae, "Pyrgocythara plicosa", "Rissoina catesbyana", "Sayella livida", "Turbonilla" sp., "Turbonilla interrupta" and "Vitrinella" sp.Redhead Species Account - Cornell Lab of OrnithologyRedhead - "Aythya americana" - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenterSound, Sound metadata Macaulay Library, Cornell Lab of Ornithology.


Question: Where is the starting point of this event.

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Kon-Tiki expedition. attempt to show a possible link between the civilization of ancient Egypt and the New World.## The voyage."Kon-Tiki" left Callao, Peru, on the afternoon of April 28, 1947. To avoid coastal traffic it was initially towed 50 (mi) out by the Peruvian Navy fleet tug "Guardian Rios", then sailed roughly west carried along on the Humboldt Current.On 2 July Heyerdahl writes about an encounter with a rogue wave; in his book he describes a "Three Sister" phenomenon: "During a night-shift with quiet seas appears an 'abnormal huge wave' followed by two more waves. The raft is being swept up and.

Kon-Tiki expedition. built in Constitución, Chile, leaving on April 13, 1958, towards Callao, then towards the Marquesas. It missed its target and after four months, the raft began to sink. The crew built a new smaller raft, the "Tahiti Nui III", in the ocean out of the more buoyant parts of the "Tahiti Nui II". They were swept towards Cook Islands where on August 30, the raft went aground and was wrecked at Rakahanga atoll. Éric de Bisschop died in this accident.## "Tangaroa" (1965).A Peruvian expedition led by Carlos Caravedo crossed the Pacific Ocean in 1965 in 115 days in a raft.


Question: Who is the creator of this building?

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

Jeanne d'Arc (Frémiet). Jeanne d'Arc is an 1874 French gilded bronze equestrian sculpture of Joan of Arc by Emmanuel Frémiet. The outdoor statue is prominently displayed in the Place des Pyramides in Paris. == History == The original statue was commissioned by the French government after the defeat of the country in the 1870 Franco-Prussian War. It is the only public commission of the state from 1870 to 1914, called the Golden Age of statuary in Paris, the other statues were funded by private subscriptions. The sculptor took as his model Aimée Girod (1856–1937), a young woman from Domrémy, Joan of Arc's village.


Question: What is the height of this place in terms of metre above sea level?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Blenheim Palace. Duke's death.The palace has been Grade I listed on the National Heritage List for England since August 1957.## Palace chapel.The palace chapel, as a consequence of the Duke's death, now obtained even greater importance. The design was altered by the Marlboroughs' friend the Earl of Godolphin, who placed the high altar in defiance of religious convention against the west wall, thus allowing the dominating feature to be the Duke's gargantuan tomb and sarcophagus. Commissioned by the Duchess in 1730, it was designed by William Kent, and statues of the Duke and Duchess depicted as Caesar and Caesarina adorn the great.