Question: Which city or region does this island locate in?

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Confederation Bridge. was at the 13 (km) wide Abegweit Passage. Infrequent winter service provided by underpowered steamships incapable of breaking sea ice ensured the survival of a passenger and mail service across Abegweit Passage using iceboats until a permanent ferry service was established in the 1910s.The unsatisfactory winter steamship service and reliance upon primitive iceboats provoked complaints from the Island government until the federal government decided to implement a railcar ferry service across Abegweit Passage between new ports at Port Borden and Cape Tormentine.In 1912, the federal government promised to open a car ferry between the "Capes" (Cape Traverse, PEI to Cape.

Confederation Bridge. Tormentine, NB). The privately owned New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Railway from Sackville, New Brunswick to Cape Tormentine was purchased by the federal government and an order was made with a shipyard in England for an icebreaking railcar ferry, to be called the "Prince Edward Island". Ports were developed at Carleton Point, several kilometres west of Cape Traverse, and the existing harbour at Cape Tormentine; the new port at Carleton Point would be named Borden in honour of Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden.The new ferry entered service in 1915 and operated on the former steamship routes until port facilities.

Confederation Bridge. purpose-built staging yards located on the shoreline at Amherst Head, fronting on Borden Harbour just east of the town and ferry docks, and an inland facility located at Bayfield, New Brunswick, about 3 (km) west of Cape Tormentine. The Amherst Head staging facility was where all large components were built, including the pier bases, ice shields, main spans, and drop-in spans. The Bayfield facility was used to construct components for the near-shore bridges which were linked using a launching truss extending over shallow waters almost 2 (km) from the New Brunswick shore, and .5 (km) from the Prince Edward Island.

Confederation Bridge. act as wind barriers, placing bridge deck and navigational lighting, constructing the Borden-Carleton toll plaza, and finishing the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island approach roads. In separate construction, the federal and provincial governments built a new commercial and tourist development on the abandoned CN rail yards in Borden-Carleton, with phase I of this facility opening in spring 1997 as "Gateway Village". New Brunswick has never received similar federal support to improve the economy of Cape Tormentine, which has become a shadow of its former role in PEI transportation history, although in recent years a new eco-tourist and visitor centre.


Question: What is the highest observed lifespan of this animal?

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Sea otter. with more near Kamchatka and the Commander Islands. After the years of the Great Hunt, the population in these areas, currently part of Russia, was only 750. By 2004, sea otters had repopulated all of their former habitat in these areas, with an estimated total population of about 27,000. Of these, about 19,000 are at the Kurils, 2,000 to 3,500 at Kamchatka and another 5,000 to 5,500 at the Commander Islands. Growth has slowed slightly, suggesting the numbers are reaching carrying capacity.## British Columbia.Along the North American coast south of Alaska, the sea otter's range is discontinuous. A remnant population.

Sea otter. bites, raising concerns that the population had reached a plateau. However, the population increased markedly from 2015 to 2016, with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) California sea otter survey 3-year average reaching 3,272 in 2016, the first time it exceeded the threshold for delisting from the Endangered Species Act (ESA). If populations continued to grow and ESA delisting occurred, southern sea otters would still be fully protected by state regulations and the Marine Mammal Protection Act, which set higher thresholds for protection, at approximately 8,400 individuals. However, ESA delisting seems unlikely due to a precipitous population decline recorded in.


Question: What country does this building belong to?

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Port Hercules. Port Hercules () is the only deep-water port in Monaco. The port has been in use since ancient times. The modern port was completed in 1926, and underwent substantial improvements in the 1970s. It covers almost 40 (acre), enough to provide anchorage for up to 700 vessels. The port is located in the La Condamine district. Harbour pilots are required for all vessels longer than 30 metres. The depth of water in the harbour ranges from seven metres for standard berths and up to 40 metres for the outer piers and cruise ship docks.## History.During the 6th-century BC. Phocaeans Greeks.

Port Hercules. from Massalia (modern day Marseille) founded the colony of Mònoikos. The name of the colony derives from the local veneration of the Greek demigod and mythological hero Hercules, also later adopted by the Romans, who was said to have constructed the ancient path that passed through the region from Spain to Italy. The Roman emperor Julian also wrote of Hercules's construction of Monaco's port and a coastal road. The road was dotted with altars to Hercules, and a temple dedicated to him was established on the Rock of Monaco. The name Port Hercules was subsequently used for the ancient port.

Port Hercules. The commentator Servius's use of the passage (in R. Maltby, "Lexicon of Ancient Latin Etymologies," Leeds) asserts, under the entry "portus," that the epithet was derived:No temple to Hercules has been found at Monaco (see also Lucan 1.405.), although the rocky ground and dense conurbation make future excavations unlikely.The port is mentioned in Pliny the Elder's "Natural History" (III.v) and in Tacitus' "Histories" (III.42), when Fabius Valens was forced to put into the port ("Fabius Valens e sinu Pisano segnitia maris aut adversante vento portum Herculis Monoeci depellitur").In 2010 the Finnish manufacturer of marinas and pontoons was hired to deliver.

Port Hercules. three new pontoons to Port Hercule. Monaco's old fixed piers were replaced by Marinetek's floating concrete pontoons. The renovation was completed in 2011.## Events.In 2011, Jean Michel Jarre performed a free concert in front of 85,000 spectators, to celebrate the wedding of Prince Albert II and Charlene Wittstock.The Port Hercule is home to the "Foire de Monaco", an annual fair that runs from October to November.## In popular culture.In 1995, the harbour was used as a location in the James Bond film "GoldenEye". Bond (played for the first time by Pierce Brosnan) tries to stop the villainous Xenia Onatopp (Famke.


Question: What is the architectural style of this facility?

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Battersea Power Station. Battersea Power Station is a decommissioned Grade II* listed coal-fired power station, located on the south bank of the River Thames, in Nine Elms, Battersea, in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It was built by the London Power Company (LPC) to the design of Leonard Pearce, Engineer in Chief to the LPC, and CS Allott & Son Engineers. The architects were J. Theo Halliday and Giles Gilbert Scott. The station is one of the world's largest brick buildings and notable for its original, Art Deco interior fittings and decor.The building comprises two power stations, built in two stages, in a.

Battersea Power Station. one of the world's largest brick buildings and notable for its original, lavish Art Deco interior fittings and decor. The structure remained largely unused for more than 30 years after its closure; in 2008 its condition was described as "very bad" by English Heritage, which included it in its Heritage at Risk Register. The site was also listed on the 2004 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund.Since the station's closure, redevelopment plans have been drawn up by successive site owners. In 2004, when a redevelopment project by Parkview International stalled, the site was sold to the administrators of.

Battersea Power Station. 1939 survey by "The Architectural Review" a panel of celebrities ranked it as their second favourite modern building.The A Station's control room was given many Art Deco fittings by architect Halliday. Italian marble was used in the turbine hall, and polished parquet floors and wrought-iron staircases were used throughout. Owing to a lack of available money following the Second World War, the interior of the B Station was not given the same treatment, and instead the fittings were made from stainless steel.Each of the two connected stations consists of a long boiler house with a chimney at each end and.


Question: What country does this park belong to?

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Mehrauli Archaeological Park. Mehrauli Archaeological Park is an archaeological area spread over 200 acre in Mehrauli, Delhi, adjacent to Qutub Minar World Heritage Site and the Qutb complex. It consists of over 100 historically significant monuments. It is the only area in Delhi known for 1,000 years of continuous occupation, and includes the ruins of Lal Kot built by Tomar Rajputs in 1060 CE, making it the oldest extant fort of Delhi, and architectural relics of subsequent period, rule of Khalji dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty, Lodhi dynasty of Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, and the British Raj.## Overview.The region contains sites like Tomb of Balban,.

Mehrauli Archaeological Park. ca 1287 CE, wherein a true arch and the true dome were built for the first time in India, Jamali Kamali Mosque and Tomb of Maulana Jamali Kamali (Jamali Kamboh), built 1526 - 1535 CE, Quli Khan's Tomb, Gandhak ki Baoli, Rajon Ki Baoli, a stepwell, and Madhi Masjid. Other near by monuments Jahaz Mahal, Zafar Mahal of Bahadur Shah II alias "Lal Mahal", Hauz-i-Shamsi and Tomb of Adham Khan. Pillars and remains of several old temples , Jharna which is like a pleasure garden of late Mughals are also lay scattered in the park.## Redevelopment and conservation.The redevelopment of.

Mehrauli Archaeological Park. the area as an archaeological park and conservation of important structures started in 1997, in collaboration between Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation (DTTDC), the State Department of Archaeology, the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) and the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), which first started systematic documentation of structures in the area and also started conducting heritage walks since 2000.Over the years, INTACH has restored some 40 monuments in the Park and added signages, heritage trails, and sandstone trail-markers. Qutb complex History of Delhi Baolis of Mehrauli List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi Mehrauli Archaeological.

Mehrauli Archaeological Park. Park Conservation INTACH Heritage Walks: Mehrauli Archaeological Park at INTACH Monuments of Delhi Mehrauli Archaeological Park. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1736/mehrauli-archaeological-park/.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this insect?

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Neon skimmer. The neon skimmer (Libellula croceipennis) is a dragonfly of the skimmer family.It can be found near ponds, lakes and slow moving streams in the southwest United States, Central America, and northern South America.## Description."L. croceipennis" reaches a length of 54 to 59 millimeters, of which 32 to 39 millimeters is the abdomen. The species is colored bright red on the face, on the front of the thorax, on the abdomen and on the abdominal appendages. Seen from the side, the thorax is brownish with a slight tinge of red. Furthermore, it has no patterns. Young animals, on the other hand,.

Neon skimmer. are reddish-brown with a yellow stripe along the top of the abdomen. The hind wings reach a length of 35 to 47 millimeters. On both wings of the males there is an amber-yellow shadow at the base, which extends to the wing triangle. The wings of the females are transparent. The pterostigma is brown and about 6 millimeters long. The legs are brown and have black bristles. The eighth abdominal segment is significantly widened in females. Libellula croceipennis on BugGuide.Net.


Question: What is this plant named after?

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Morus (plant). Distribution.Black, red, and white mulberries are widespread in Southern Europe, the Middle East, northern Africa, and the Indian subcontinent, where the tree and the fruit have names under regional dialects. Black mulberry was imported to Britain in the 17th century in the hope that it would be useful in the cultivation of silkworms. It was much used in folk medicine, especially in the treatment of ringworm. Mulberries are also widespread in Greece, particularly in the Peloponnese, which in the Middle Ages was known as Morea, deriving from the Greek word for the tree (, "").## Cultivation.Mulberries can be grown from.


Question: What is the name of the vessel involved in this event?

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Kon-Tiki expedition. The "Kon-Tiki" expedition was a 1947 journey by raft across the Pacific Ocean from South America to the Polynesian islands, led by Norwegian explorer and writer Thor Heyerdahl. The raft was named "Kon-Tiki" after the Inca god Viracocha, for whom "Kon-Tiki" was said to be an old name. "" is also the name of Heyerdahl's book, the Academy Award–winning 1950 documentary film chronicling his adventures, and the 2012 dramatized feature film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.Heyerdahl believed that people from South America could have reached Polynesia during pre-Columbian times. His aim in mounting the "Kon-Tiki.

Kon-Tiki expedition. expedition was to show, by using only the materials and technologies available to those people at the time, that there were no technical reasons to prevent them from having done so. Although the expedition carried some modern equipment, such as a radio, watches, charts, sextant, and metal knives, Heyerdahl argued they were incidental to the purpose of proving that the raft itself could make the journey. This idea has recently received support from statistical analysis of genetic evidence of contact between South America and Polynesia.Heyerdahl's full hypothesis of a South American origin of the Polynesian peoples is generally rejected by.

Kon-Tiki expedition. scientists today. Most archaeological, linguistic, cultural, and genetic evidence tends to support a western origin for Polynesians, from Island Southeast Asia, using sophisticated multihull sailing technologies and navigation techniques during the Austronesian expansion. However, there is evidence of some gene flow from South America to Easter Island. In 2020 some researchers published research confirming a wider impact on genetic and cultural elements in Polynesia due to South American contacts. The "Kon-Tiki" expedition was funded by private loans, along with donations of equipment from the United States Army. Heyerdahl and a small team went to Peru, where, with the help of.

Kon-Tiki expedition. dockyard facilities provided by the Peruvian authorities, they constructed the raft out of balsa logs and other native materials in an indigenous style as recorded in illustrations by Spanish conquistadores. The trip began on April 28, 1947. Heyerdahl and five companions sailed the raft for 101 days over 6,900 km (4,300 miles) across the Pacific Ocean before smashing into a reef at Raroia in the Tuamotus on August 7, 1947. The crew made successful landfall and all returned safely.Thor Heyerdahl's book about his experience became a bestseller. It was published in Norwegian in 1948 as "The Kon-Tiki Expedition: By Raft.

Kon-Tiki expedition. Across the South Seas", later reprinted as "Kon-Tiki: Across the Pacific in a Raft". It appeared with great success in English in 1950, also in many other languages. A documentary motion picture about the expedition, also called "Kon-Tiki", was produced from a write-up and expansion of the crew's filmstrip notes and won an Academy Award in 1951. It was directed by Heyerdahl and edited by Olle Nordemar. The voyage was also chronicled in the documentary TV-series "The Kon-Tiki Man: The Life and Adventures of Thor Heyerdahl", directed by Bengt Jonson.The original "Kon-Tiki" raft is now on display in the Kon-Tiki.

Kon-Tiki expedition. Museum at Bygdøy in Oslo.## Crew."Kon-Tiki" had a six-man crew, all of whom were Norwegian except for Bengt Danielsson, a Swede. Thor Heyerdahl (1914–2002) was the expedition leader. He was also the author of the book of the expedition and the narrator of the story. Heyerdahl had studied the ancient people of South America and Polynesia and believed that there was a link between the two. Erik Hesselberg (1914–1972) was the navigator and artist. He painted the large Kon-Tiki figure on the raft's sail. His children's book "Kon-Tiki and I" appeared in Norwegian in 1949 and has since been published.

Kon-Tiki expedition. in more than 15 languages. Bengt Danielsson (1921–1997) took on the role of steward, in charge of supplies and daily rations. Danielsson was a Swedish sociologist interested in human migration theory. He also served as translator, as he was the only member of the crew who spoke Spanish. He was also a voracious reader; his box aboard the raft contained many books. Knut Haugland (1917–2009) was a radio expert, decorated by the British in World War II for actions in the Norwegian heavy water sabotage that stalled what were believed to be Germany's plans to develop an atomic bomb. Haugland.

Kon-Tiki expedition. was the last surviving crew member; he died on Christmas Day, 2009 at the age of 92. Torstein Raaby (1918–1964) was also in charge of radio transmissions. He gained radio experience while hiding behind German lines during WWII, spying on the German battleship "Tirpitz". His secret radio transmissions eventually helped guide in Allied bombers to sink the ship. Herman Watzinger (1910–1986) was an engineer whose area of expertise was in technical measurements. He was the first to join Heyerdahl for the trip. He collected and recorded all sorts of data on the voyage. Much of what he recorded, such as.

Kon-Tiki expedition. weather data, was sent back to various people, since this area of the ocean was largely unstudied.The expedition also carried a pet parrot named Lorita.## Construction.The main body of the float was composed of nine balsa tree trunks up to 45 (ft) long, 2 (ft) in diameter, lashed together with 1+1/4 (in) hemp ropes. Cross-pieces of balsa logs 18 (ft) long and 1 (ft) in diameter were lashed across the logs at 3 (ft) intervals to give lateral support. Pine splashboards clad the bow, and lengths of pine 1 (in) thick and 2 (ft) wide were wedged between the balsa.

Kon-Tiki expedition. logs and used as centreboards.The main mast was made of lengths of mangrove wood lashed together to form an A-frame 29 (ft) high. Behind the main-mast was a cabin of plaited bamboo 14 (ft) long and 8 (ft) wide, about 4 - 5 (ft) high and roofed with banana leaf thatch. At the stern was a 19 (ft) long steering oar of mangrove wood, with a blade of fir. The main sail was 15 by 18 (ft) on a yard of bamboo stems lashed together. Photographs also show a top-sail above the main sail, and also a mizzen-sail, mounted at.

Kon-Tiki expedition. the stern.The raft was partially decked in split bamboo. The main spars were a laminate of wood and reeds and Heyerdahl tested more than twenty different composites before settling on one that proved an effective compromise between bulk and torsional rigidity. No metal was used in the construction.## Supplies."Kon-Tiki" carried 275 (USgal) of drinking water in 56 water cans, as well as a number of sealed bamboo rods. The purpose stated by Heyerdahl for carrying modern and ancient containers was to test the effectiveness of ancient water storage. For food "Kon-Tiki" carried 200 coconuts, sweet potatoes, bottle gourds and other.

Kon-Tiki expedition. assorted fruit and roots. The U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps provided field rations, tinned food and survival equipment. In return, the "Kon-Tiki" explorers reported on the quality and utility of the provisions. They also caught plentiful numbers of fish, particularly flying fish, "dolphin fish", yellowfin tuna, bonito and shark.Heyerdahl and crew were equipped with water-tight sports wristwatches manufactured by Swiss watchmaking firm Eterna. After the journey, Eterna decided to brand their sports watches as "Kon-Tiki".## Communications.The expedition carried an amateur radio station with the call sign of LI2B operated by former World War II Norwegian resistance radio operators Knut Haugland and.

Kon-Tiki expedition. Torstein Raaby. Haugland and Raaby maintained regular communication with a number of American, Canadian, and South American stations that relayed "Kon Tiki's" status to the Norwegian Embassy in Washington, D.C. On August 5, Haugland made contact with a station in Oslo, Norway, 10000 (mi) away."Kon Tiki's" transmitters were powered by batteries and a hand-cranked generator and operated on the 40, 20, 10, and 6-meter bands. Each unit was water resistant, used 2E30 vacuum tubes, and provided approximately 6 watts of RF output; the equivalent of a small flashlight. Two British 3-16 MHz Mark II transmitters were also carried on board,.

Kon-Tiki expedition. as was a VHF transmitter for communicating with aircraft and a hand-cranked survival radio of the Gibson Girl type for 500 and 8280 kHz.The radio receiver used throughout the voyage, a National Radio Company NC-173, once required a thorough drying out after being soaked when landing in Raratonga. The crew once used a hand-cranked emergency transmitter to send out an "all well, all well" message "just in time to head off a massive rescue attempt".The call sign LI2B was used by Heyerdahl again in 1969–70, when he built a papyrus reed raft and sailed from Morocco to Barbados in an.

Kon-Tiki expedition. attempt to show a possible link between the civilization of ancient Egypt and the New World.## The voyage."Kon-Tiki" left Callao, Peru, on the afternoon of April 28, 1947. To avoid coastal traffic it was initially towed 50 (mi) out by the Peruvian Navy fleet tug "Guardian Rios", then sailed roughly west carried along on the Humboldt Current.On 2 July Heyerdahl writes about an encounter with a rogue wave; in his book he describes a "Three Sister" phenomenon: "During a night-shift with quiet seas appears an 'abnormal huge wave' followed by two more waves. The raft is being swept up and.

Kon-Tiki expedition. down and is covered in water." After the three waves he describes the sea as quiet as before.The crew's first sight of land was the atoll of Puka-Puka on July 30. On August 4, the 97th day after departure, "Kon-Tiki" reached the Angatau atoll. The crew made brief contact with the inhabitants of Angatau Island, but were unable to land safely. Calculations made by Heyerdahl before the trip had indicated that 97 days was the minimum amount of time required to reach the Tuamotus, so the encounter with Angatau showed that they had made good time.On August 7, the voyage.

Kon-Tiki expedition. ended when the raft struck a reef and was then beached on an uninhabited islet off Raroia atoll in the Tuamotus. The team had travelled a distance of around 6980 (km) in 101 days, at an average speed of 1.5 (kn).After spending a number of days alone on the islet, the crew was greeted by men from a village on a nearby island who arrived in canoes, having seen washed-up flotsam from the raft. The crew were taken back to the native village, where they were feted with traditional dances and other festivities. Finally the crew were taken off Raroia.

Kon-Tiki expedition. to Tahiti by the French schooner "Tamara", with the salvaged "Kon-Tiki" in tow.## Anthropology.The basis of the "Kon-Tiki" expedition was pseudoscientific, racially controversial, and has not gained acceptance among scientists (even prior to the voyage). Heyerdahl believed that the original inhabitants of Easter Island (and the rest of Polynesia) were the "Tiki people", a race of "white bearded men" who supposedly originally sailed from Peru. He described these "Tiki people" as being a sun-worshipping fair-skinned people with blue eyes, fair or red hair, tall statures, and beards. He further said that these people were originally from the Middle East, and.

Kon-Tiki expedition. had crossed the Atlantic earlier to found the great Mesoamerican civilizations. By 500 CE, a branch of these people were supposedly forced out into Tiahuanaco where they became the ruling class of the Inca Empire and set out to voyage into the Pacific Ocean under the leadership of "Con Ticci Viracocha".He argued that the monumental statues known as moai resembled sculptures more typical of pre-Columbian Peru than any Polynesian designs. He believed that the Easter Island myth of a power struggle between two peoples called the Hanau epe and Hanau momoko was a memory of conflicts between the original inhabitants.

Kon-Tiki expedition. of the island and a later wave of Native Americans from the Northwest coast, eventually leading to the annihilation of the Hanau epe and the destruction of the island's culture and once-prosperous economy. Heyerdahl described these later migrants as "Maori-Polynesians" who were supposedly Asians who crossed over the Bering land bridge into Northwest America before sailing westward towards Polynesia (the westward direction is because he refused to accept that Polynesians were capable of sailing against winds and currents). He associated them with the Tlingit and Haida peoples and characterized them as "inferior" to the Tiki people.Heyerdahl's hypothesis was part of.

Kon-Tiki expedition. early Eurocentric hyperdiffusionism and the westerner disbelief that (non-white) "stone-age" peoples with "no math" could colonize islands separated by vast distances of ocean water, even against prevailing winds and currents. He rejected the highly skilled voyaging and navigating traditions of the Austronesian peoples and instead argued that Polynesia was settled from boats following the wind and currents for navigation from South America. As such, the "Kon-Tiki" was deliberately a primitive raft and unsteerable, in contrast to the sophisticated outrigger canoes and catamarans of the Austronesian people.Heyerdahl's hypothesis of Polynesian origins is overwhelmingly rejected by scientists today. Archaeological, linguistic, cultural, and.

Kon-Tiki expedition. genetic evidence all support a western origin (from Island Southeast Asia) for Polynesians via the Austronesian expansion. "Drift voyaging" from South America was also deemed "extremely unlikely" in 1973 by computer modeling, although is in contrast with recent genetic analysis. The 1976 voyage of the "Hōkūleʻa", a performance-accurate replica of a Polynesian double-hulled "wa'a kaulua" voyaging canoe, from Hawaiʻi to Tahiti was partly a demonstration to prove that Heyerdahl was wrong. The "Hōkūleʻa" sailed against prevailing winds and exclusively used wayfinding and celestial Polynesian navigation techniques (unlike the modern equipment and charts of the "Kon-Tiki"). "Hōkūleʻa" also remains fully operational,.

Kon-Tiki expedition. and has since completed ten other voyages, including a three-year circumnavigation of the planet from 2014 to 2017, with other sister ships.Historians today consider that the Polynesians from the west were the original inhabitants and that the story of the Hanau epe is either pure myth, or a memory of internal tribal or class conflicts. In 2011, Erik Thorsby of the University of Oslo presented DNA evidence to the Royal Society which, whilst agreeing with the west origin, also identified a distinctive but smaller genetic contribution from South America. This result was questioned in 2012 because of the possibility of.

Kon-Tiki expedition. contamination by South Americans after European contact with the islands. In 2014, further work by a team including Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas (from the Natural History Museum of Denmark) analysed the genomes of 27 native Rapa Nui people and found that their DNA was on average 76 percent Polynesian, 8 percent Native American and 16 percent European. Analysis showed that "although the European lineage could be explained by contact with white Europeans after the island was 'discovered' in 1722 by Dutch sailors, the South American component was much older, dating to between about 1280 and 1495, soon after the island was first.

Kon-Tiki expedition. colonised by Polynesians in around 1200." Genetic analysis of Polynesians and Native South Americans, published in "Nature" in July 2020, has revealed that several eastern Polynesian populations have signs of an ancient genetic signature that originated from Native South American people. An initial admixture event between Native South Americans and Polynesians, discovered by statistical analysis, took place around 1150–1230 CE.## Later recreations of "Kon-Tiki".## "Seven Little Sisters".In 1954, William Willis sailed alone on a raft "Seven Little Sisters" from Peru to American Samoa, successfully completing the journey. He sailed 6,700 (mi), which was 2,200 (mi) farther than "Kon-Tiki". In a.

Kon-Tiki expedition. second great voyage ten years later, he rafted 7457 (mi) from South America to Australia with a metal raft "Age Unlimited".## "Kantuta".In 1955, the Czech explorer and adventurer Eduard Ingris attempted to recreate the "Kon-Tiki" expedition on a balsa raft called "Kantuta". His first expedition, "Kantuta I", took place in 1955–1956 and led to failure. In 1959, Ingris built a new balsa raft, "Kantuta II", and tried to repeat the previous expedition. The second expedition was a success. Ingris was able to cross the Pacific Ocean on the balsa raft from Peru to Polynesia.## "Tahiti-Nui".A French seafarer, Éric de Bisschop,.

Kon-Tiki expedition. committed himself in a project he had had for some years: he built a Polynesian raft in order to cross the eastern Pacific Ocean from Tahiti to Chile (contrary to Thor Heyerdahl's crossing); the "Tahiti-Nui" left Papeete with a crew of five on November 8, 1956. When near the Juan Fernández Islands (Chile) in May 1957, the raft was in a very poor state and they asked for a towing, but it was damaged during the operation and had to be abandoned, but they were able to preserve all the equipment that had been aboard.## "Tahiti-Nui II".A second "Tahiti-Nui" was.

Kon-Tiki expedition. built in Constitución, Chile, leaving on April 13, 1958, towards Callao, then towards the Marquesas. It missed its target and after four months, the raft began to sink. The crew built a new smaller raft, the "Tahiti Nui III", in the ocean out of the more buoyant parts of the "Tahiti Nui II". They were swept towards Cook Islands where on August 30, the raft went aground and was wrecked at Rakahanga atoll. Éric de Bisschop died in this accident.## "Tangaroa" (1965).A Peruvian expedition led by Carlos Caravedo crossed the Pacific Ocean in 1965 in 115 days in a raft.

Kon-Tiki expedition. named "Tangaroa", of which 18 days were used by the crew to cross Tuamotus, the Tuamotu Archipielago, making "Tangaroa" the only raft that has managed to cross that dangerous archipelago of French Polynesia by its own means. On November 18, 1965, the "Tangaroa" ended its journey on the Fakarava island. Fakarava is where the "Tangaroa" is currently preserved.## Las Balsas.The 1973 Las Balsas expedition was the first (and so far only) multiple-raft crossing of the Pacific Ocean in recent history. It is the longest-known raft voyage in history. The expedition was led by Spaniard Vital Alsar, who, in 1970, led.

Kon-Tiki expedition. the La Balsa expedition, only on that occasion with one raft and three companions. The crossing was successful and, at the time, the longest raft voyage in history, until eclipsed in 1973 by Las Balsas. The purpose of the 1973 expedition was three-fold: (1) to prove that the success of 1970 was no accident, (2) to test different currents in the sea, which Alsar maintained ancient mariners knew as modern humans know road maps, and (3) to show that the original expeditions, directed perhaps toward trade or colonisation, may have consisted of small fleets of balsa rafts.## "Tangaroa" (2006).In 2006,.

Kon-Tiki expedition. the Tangaroa Expedition recreated the "Kon-Tiki" voyage using a newly built raft, the "Tangaroa", named after the Māori sea-god Tangaroa. Tangaroa's six-man crew was led by Norwegian Torgeir Higraff and included Olav Heyerdahl, grandson of Thor Heyerdahl, Bjarne Krekvik (captain), Øyvin Lauten (executive officer), Swedish Anders Berg (photographer) and Peruvian Roberto Sala. "Tangaroa" was launched on the same day that "Kon-Tiki" had been—April 28—and it reached its destination on July 7, which was 30 days faster than Heyerdahl's Kon-Tiki which had taken 101 days for the voyage. Tangaroa's speed was credited to the proper use of guaras (centerboards).## "An-Tiki".On January.

Kon-Tiki expedition. 30, 2011, "An-Tiki", a raft modeled after "Kon-Tiki", began a 3000 (mi), 70-day journey across the Atlantic Ocean from the Canary Islands to the island of Eleuthera in the Bahamas. The expedition was piloted by four men, aged from 56 to 84 years, led by Anthony Smith. The trip was designed to commemorate the journey in an open boat of survivors from the British steamship "Anglo-Saxon", sunk by the German cruiser "Widder" in 1940. The raft ended its voyage in the Caribbean island of St Maarten, completing its trip to Eleuthera in the following year with Smith and a new.

Kon-Tiki expedition. crew.## "Kon-Tiki2".On 7 November 2015, two teams with two balsa rafts "Rahiti Tane" and "Tupac Yupanqui" left Lima, Peru for Easter Island. Expedition "Kon-Tiki2" got its name because it had 2 crews from many nations: Norway, Russia, UK, Mexico, New Zealand, Sweden, and Peru. It sought to double down on Heyerdahl's voyage by sailing two rafts from South America to Polynesia and then back. Expedition leader was Torgeir Higraff from Tangaroa Expedition (2006). Øyvin Lauten and Kari Skår Dahl were captains on the first leg, while Signe Meling and Ola Borgfjord were captains on the second leg. The raft reached.

Kon-Tiki expedition. Easter Island, but did not complete the return.The two rafts were made of 11 balsa logs and 10 crossbeams held together by 2000 meters (1¼ miles) of natural fiber ropes. Tens of thousands of waves, up to six meters (20') tall, hit the rafts in an El Niño year. This stress for 16 weeks weakened the ropes, but the crew could not replace all of them. On March 3, 2016, all crew members were taken on board the Hokuetsu Ushaka freight ship after 115 days of sailing and 4½ months at sea.## Documentation.## Memoir book.A book documenting the voyage and.

Kon-Tiki expedition. raft was released in 1948 by Thor Heyerdahl, called "".## Documentary film.A film documentary about the voyage and raft was released in 1950, called "Kon-Tiki". It won the 1951 Oscar for Best Documentary Feature.## In popular culture."Kon-Tiki" is a 2012 Norwegian historical dramatized feature film about the 1947 "Kon-Tiki" expedition. It starred Pål Sverre Valheim Hagen as Thor Heyerdahl and was directed by Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg. It was the highest-grossing film of 2012 in Norway and the country's most expensive production to date.Episode 5 of the tenth season of HBO's "Curb Your Enthusiasm" features Clive Owen as himself.

Kon-Tiki expedition. in a one-man play entitled "Kon Tiki".Episode 2 of the second season of Apple TV+'s "For All Mankind" mentions a Space Shuttle named Kon-Tiki. Experimental archaeology Polynesian navigation Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories Pre-Columbian rafts Chincha culture Hyperdiffusionism Tupac Inca Yupanqui Atlantis Expedition Heyerdahl, Thor; Lyon, F.H. (translator) (1950). "Kon-Tiki: Across the Pacific by Raft". Rand McNally & Company, Chicago, Ill. Hesselberg, Erik (1950). "Kon-Tiki and I : illustrations with text, begun on the Pacific on board the raft "Kon-Tiki" and completed at "Solbakken" in Borre." Allen & Unwin Andersson, Axel (2010) "A Hero for the Atomic Age: Thor Heyerdahl and.

Kon-Tiki expedition. the Kon-Tiki Expedition" (Peter Lang) "Kon-Tiki" Museum National NC-173 receiver Quick Facts: Comparing the Two Rafts: Kon-Tiki and Tangaroa "Azerbaijan International", Vol 14:4 (Winter 2006) Testing Heyerdahl's Theories about Kon-Tiki 60 Years Later: Tangaroa Pacific Voyage (Summer 2006) "Azerbaijan International", Vol 14:4 (Winter 2006) Kon-Tiki in Reverse: The Tahiti-Nui Expedition TV2Sumo WebTV programme "Ekspedisjonen Tangaroa" (Tangaroa Expedition) – Norsk Acali 1973 – expedition by raft across Atlantic Librarything, 2007 Hsu-Fu 1993 – bamboo raft across Pacific (west to east) personal.psu.edu "Kon-Tiki" 1947 Documentary.


Question: What is the location of this building?

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Emirates Stadium. The Emirates Stadium (known as Ashburton Grove prior to sponsorship, and as Arsenal Stadium for UEFA competitions) is a football stadium in Holloway, London, England. It is the home of Arsenal FC, since its completion in 2006. It has a current seated capacity of 60,704, making it the fifth-largest football stadium in England. In 1997, Arsenal explored the possibility of relocating to a new stadium, having been denied planning permission by Islington Council to expand its home stadium, Highbury. After considering various options (including purchasing Wembley Stadium), the club bought an industrial and waste disposal estate in Ashburton Grove in.

Emirates Stadium. planning application for a new-build 60,000 seater stadium in November 2000. This included a redevelopment project at Drayton Park, converting the existing ground Highbury to flats and building a new waste station in Lough Road. As part of the scheme, Arsenal intended to create 1,800 new jobs for the community and 2,300 new homes. Improvements to three railway stations, Holloway Road, Drayton Park and Finsbury Park, were included to cope with the increased capacity requirements from matchday crowds.Islington Stadium Communities Alliance (ISCA) – an alliance of 16 groups representing local residents and businesses, was set up in January 2000 as.

Emirates Stadium. Arsenal station is the closest for the northern portion of the stadium accessed via the Ken Friar bridge, with Highbury & Islington station servicing the southern end. While Holloway Road station is the closest to the southern portion, it is entry-only before matches and exit-only afterwards to prevent overcrowding. Drayton Park station, adjacent to the Danny fiszman Bridge is shut on matchdays as the rail services to this station do not operate at weekends nor after 10 pm. £7.6 million was set aside in the planning permission for upgrading Drayton Park and Holloway Road; however Transport for London decided not.


Question: What is the area in square kilometre occupied by this place?

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Mount Roraima. length of more than 10 kilometers, a maximum width of 5 kilometers, an area of about 33 to 50 square kilometers, an altitude of more than 2200 meters, and an average altitude of 2600–2700 meters. The plateau is a pseudo-karst surface etched by heavy rainfall. The highest point is 2810 meters above sea level, located at the southern end of the plateau and the highest point in the state of Bolivar, 8.25 kilometers north of the summit is another high point with an altitude of 2,772 meters, which is the highest point in Guyana. In the northern part of the.

Mount Roraima. plateau is the landmark of the border between Brazil, Venezuela and Guyana, with an altitude of 2734 meters.Due to its high altitude and proximity to the equator, Mount Roraima has a constant average annual temperature between 20 and 22 °C and annual rainfall of more than 1,500 mm, with 1,800 to 3,000 mm in parts of the rainy season from April to November. The climatic conditions at the top of the mountain differ significantly from its base, the high cloudiness in the region is associated with the prevailing northeasterly and southeasterly winds, and the relative humidity of the air remains.


Question: Who is the creator of this object?

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Reflecting telescope. A reflecting telescope (also called a reflector) is a telescope that uses a single or a combination of curved mirrors that reflect light and form an image. The reflecting telescope was invented in the 17th century by Isaac Newton as an alternative to the refracting telescope which, at that time, was a design that suffered from severe chromatic aberration. Although reflecting telescopes produce other types of optical aberrations, it is a design that allows for very large diameter objectives. Almost all of the major telescopes used in astronomy research are reflectors. Reflecting telescopes come in many design variations and may.

Reflecting telescope. employ extra optical elements to improve image quality or place the image in a mechanically advantageous position. Since reflecting telescopes use mirrors, the design is sometimes referred to as a catoptric telescope.From the time of Newton to the 1800s, the mirror itself was made of metal usually speculum metal. This type included Newton's first designs and even the largest telescopes of the 19th century, the Leviathan of Parsonstown with a 1.8 meter wide metal mirror. In the 19th century a new method using a block of glass coated with very thin layer of silver began to become more popular by.

Reflecting telescope. his telescope and five years before Hooke built the first such Gregorian telescope, Isaac Newton in 1668 built his own reflecting telescope, which is generally acknowledged as the first reflecting telescope. It used a spherically ground metal primary mirror and a small diagonal mirror in an optical configuration that has come to be known as the Newtonian telescope.Despite the theoretical advantages of the reflector design, the difficulty of construction and the poor performance of the speculum metal mirrors being used at the time meant it took over 100 years for them to become popular. Many of the advances in reflecting.

Reflecting telescope. useful for terrestrial observations. Some small spotting scopes are still built this way. There are several large modern telescopes that use a Gregorian configuration such as the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope, the Magellan telescopes, the Large Binocular Telescope, and the Giant Magellan Telescope.## Newtonian.The Newtonian telescope was the first successful reflecting telescope, completed by Isaac Newton in 1668. It usually has a paraboloid primary mirror but at focal ratios of about f/10 or longer a spherical primary mirror can be sufficient for high visual resolution. A flat secondary mirror reflects the light to a focal plane at the side of.

Reflecting telescope. seldom faster than f/15.## Off-axis designs.There are several designs that try to avoid obstructing the incoming light by eliminating the secondary or moving any secondary element off the primary mirror's optical axis, commonly called off-axis optical systems.## Herschelian.The Herschelian reflector is named after William Herschel, who used this design to build very large telescopes including the 40-foot telescope in 1789. In the Herschelian reflector the primary mirror is tilted so the observer's head does not block the incoming light. Although this introduces geometrical aberrations, Herschel employed this design to avoid the use of a Newtonian secondary mirror since the speculum.


Question: How many year do these animal in the image typically live?

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Vipera berus. specimens of 104 (cm) have been observed there on two occasions. In France and Great Britain, the maximum size is 80 - 87 (cm). Mass ranges from 50 (g) to about 180 (g).The head is fairly large and distinct and its sides are almost flat and vertical. The edge of the snout is usually raised into a low ridge. Seen from above, the rostral scale is not visible, or only just. Immediately behind the rostral, there are two (rarely one) small scales.Dorsally, there are usually five large plates: a squarish frontal (longer than wide, sometimes rectangular), two parietals (sometimes with.

Vipera berus. a tiny scale between the frontal and the parietals), and two long and narrow supraoculars. The latter are large and distinct, each separated from the frontal by one to four small scales. The nostril is situated in a shallow depression within a large nasal scale.The eye is relatively large—equal in size or slightly larger than the nasal scale—but often smaller in females. Below the supraoculars are six to 13 (usually eight to 10) small circumorbital scales. The temporal scales are smooth (rarely weakly keeled). There are 10–12 sublabials and six to 10 (usually eight or 9) supralabials. Of the latter,.

Vipera berus. 10 million partridges each year by countryside estates has also been suggested to have a significant impact on adder populations across the UK, with the possibility the reptile could be extinct within 12 years.## Behaviour.This species is mainly diurnal, especially in the north of its range. Further south it is said to be active in the evening, and it may even be active at night during the summer months. It is predominantly a terrestrial species, although it has been known to climb up banks and into low bushes in order to bask or search for prey.Adders are not usually aggressive,.

Vipera berus. toxicity as being relatively low compared to other viper species. They cite Minton (1974) who reported the values for mice to be 0.55 mg/kg IV, 0.80 mg/kg IP and 6.45 mg/kg SC. As a comparison, in one test the minimum lethal dose of venom for a guinea pig was 40–67 mg, but only 1.7 mg was necessary when "Daboia russelii" venom was used. Brown (1973) gives a higher subcutaneous LD50 range of 1.0–4.0 mg/kg. All agree that the venom yield is low: Minton (1974) mentions 10–18 mg for specimens 48 – 62 (cm) in length, while Brown (1973) lists only.

Vipera berus. possible after any bite. Very occasionally bites can be life-threatening, particularly in small children, while adults may experience discomfort and disability long after the bite. The length of recovery varies, but may take up to a year. Surprisingly, Norway has on average registered one death from the snake every 10 years, despite only having 200-500 reports of bites a year.Local symptoms include immediate and intense pain, followed after a few minutes (but perhaps by as much as 30 minutes) by swelling and a tingling sensation. Blisters containing blood are not common. The pain may spread within a few hours, along.


Question: What country does this place belong to?

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Puente de Piedra (Zaragoza). The Puente de Piedra () is a bridge across the river Ebro in Zaragoza, Spain. The Puente de Piedra is also called the Bridge of Lions because since 1991 four lions (symbols of the city) have been placed on the pillars at each end of the bridge. The lion statues were designed by Francisco Rallo Lahoz.## History.Beginning in the 12th century the citizens of Zaragoza tried to build a bridge across the Ebro. In 1401–1440, the Puente de Piedra was built under the direction of Gil de Menestral. The flood in 1643 destroyed two central bridge spans. The bridge then.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Nepenthes. Nepenthes () is a genus of carnivorous plants, also known as tropical pitcher plants, or monkey cups, in the monotypic family Nepenthaceae. The genus includes about 170 species, and numerous natural and many cultivated hybrids. They are mostly liana-forming plants of the Old World tropics, ranging from South China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines; westward to Madagascar (two species) and the Seychelles (one); southward to Australia (four) and New Caledonia (one); and northward to India (one) and Sri Lanka (one). The greatest diversity occurs on Borneo, Sumatra, and the Philippines, with many endemic species. Many are plants of hot, humid,.

Nepenthes. × "N. ampullaria")"N." 'D'amato' ("N. lowii" × "N. ventricosa")"N." × "mixta" ("N. northiana" × "N. maxima")"N." 'Syurga' ("N. ventricosa" × "N. northiana")"N." 'Menarik' ("N. rafflesiana" × "N. veitchii")"N." 'Emmarene' ("N. khasiana" × "N. ventricosa")"N." 'Judith Finn' ("N. spathulata" × "N. veitchii") "Nepenthes" classification "Nepenthes" infauna List of "Nepenthes" endophyte species Danser's Monograph on "Nepenthes" (covers species from Malaysia, Indonesia and New Guinea, but not elsewhere) Nepenthaceae in: Watson, L., and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The Families of Flowering Plants. Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, Information Retrieval. Beaver, R.A. 1983. The communities living in "Nepenthes" pitcher plants: fauna and food webs. In:.


Question: What is the weight of a female of this bird in kilogram?

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Coscoroba swan. the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society, the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), and the Clements taxonomy treat the Cape Barren goose as basal to other geese, which themselves precede the coscoroba and other swans in a linear sequence. Even those three systems differ, with the IOC placing the coscoroba before "Cygnus" and the other two after it in their lists.The coscoroba swan is the only member of genus "Coscoroba" and has no subspecies.## Description.The coscoroba is the smallest swan at 90 to 115 (cm) long with a wingspan of about 155 (cm). Males weigh 3.8 to 5.4.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Liriodendron tulipifera. Liriodendron tulipifera—known as the tulip tree, American tulip tree, tulipwood, tuliptree, tulip poplar, whitewood, fiddletree, and yellow-poplar—is the North American representative of the two-species genus "Liriodendron" (the other member is "Liriodendron chinense"), and the tallest eastern hardwood. It is native to eastern North America from Southern Ontario and possibly southern Quebec to Illinois eastward to southwestern Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and south to central Florida and Louisiana. It can grow to more than 50 (m) in virgin cove forests of the Appalachian Mountains, often with no limbs until it reaches 25 – 30 (m) in height, making it a very.

Liriodendron tulipifera. valuable timber tree. The tallest individual at the present time (2021) is one called the Fork Ridge Tulip Tree at a secret location in the Great Smoky Mountains of North Carolina. Repeated measurements by laser and tape-drop have shown it to be 191 (ft) in height. This is the tallest known individual tree in eastern North America.It is fast-growing, without the common problems of weak wood strength and short lifespan often seen in fast-growing species. April marks the start of the flowering period in the Southern United States (except as noted below); trees at the northern limit of cultivation begin.

Liriodendron tulipifera. to flower in June. The flowers are pale green or yellow (rarely white), with an orange band on the tepals; they yield large quantities of nectar. The tulip tree is the state tree of Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee.## Description.The tulip tree is one of the largest of the native trees of eastern North America, known in an extraordinary case to reach the height of 58.5 (m) with the next-tallest known specimens in the 170-177 (ft) range. These heights are comparable to the very tallest known eastern white pines, another species often described as the tallest in eastern North America. The.

Liriodendron tulipifera. trunk on large examples is typically 4-6 (ft) in diameter, though it can grow much broader. Its ordinary height is 80-150 (ft) and it tends to have a pyramidal crown. It prefers deep, rich, and rather moist soil; it is common throughout the Southern United States. Growth is fairly rapid.The bark is brown, furrowed, aromatic and bitter. The branchlets are smooth, and lustrous, initially reddish, maturing to dark gray, and finally brown. The wood is light yellow to brown, and the sapwood creamy white; light, soft, brittle, close, straight-grained. Specific gravity: 0.4230; density: 26.36 (lb/cuft).Winter buds are dark red, covered.

Liriodendron tulipifera. with a bloom, obtuse; scales becoming conspicuous stipules for the unfolding leaf, and persistent until the leaf is fully grown. Flower-bud enclosed in a two-valved, caducous bract.The alternate leaves are simple, pinnately veined, measuring 5-6 (in) long and wide. They have four lobes, and are heart-shaped or truncate or slightly wedge-shaped at base, entire, and the apex cut across at a shallow angle, making the upper part of the leaf look square; midrib and primary veins prominent. They come out of the bud recurved by the bending down of the petiole near the middle bringing the apex of the folded.

Liriodendron tulipifera. leaf to the base of the bud, light green, when full grown are bright green, smooth and shining above, paler green beneath, with downy veins. In autumn they turn a clear, bright yellow. Petiole long, slender, angled. Flowers: May. Perfect, solitary, terminal, greenish yellow, borne on stout peduncles, 1+1/2 - 2 (in) long, cup-shaped, erect, conspicuous. The bud is enclosed in a sheath of two triangular bracts which fall as the blossom opens. Calyx: Sepals three, imbricate in bud, reflexed or spreading, somewhat veined, early deciduous. Corolla: Cup-shaped, petals six, 2 (in) long, in two rows, imbricate, hypogynous, greenish yellow,.

Liriodendron tulipifera. marked toward the base with yellow. Somewhat fleshy in texture. Stamens: Indefinite, imbricate in many ranks on the base of the receptacle; filaments thread-like, short; anthers extrorse, long, two-celled, adnate; cells opening longitudinally. Pistils: Indefinite, imbricate on the long slender receptacle. Ovary one-celled; style acuminate, flattened; stigma short, one-sided, recurved; ovules two. Fruit: Narrow light brown cone, formed from many samaras which are dispersed by wind, leaving the axis persistent all winter. September, October.Harriet Louise Keeler provided a description of the tulip tree in "Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them".## Taxonomy.Originally described by Carl Linnaeus, "Liriodendron tulipifera" is.

Liriodendron tulipifera. one of two species (see also "L. chinense") in the genus "Liriodendron" in the magnolia family. The name "Liriodendron" is Greek for "lily tree". It is also called the tuliptree Magnolia, or sometimes, by the lumber industry, as the tulip-poplar or yellow-poplar. However, it is not closely related to true lilies, tulips or poplars.The tulip tree has impressed itself upon popular attention in many ways, and consequently has many common names. The tree's traditional name in the Miami-Illinois language is . Native Americans so habitually made their dugout canoes of its trunk that the early settlers west of the Appalachian.

Liriodendron tulipifera. Mountains called it Canoewood. The color of its wood gives it the name Whitewood. In areas near the Mississippi River it is called a poplar largely because of the fluttering habits of its leaves, in which it resembles trees of that genus. It is sometimes called "fiddle tree," because its peculiar leaves, with their arched bases and in-cut sides, suggest the violin shape.The external resemblance of its flowers to tulips named it the Tulip-tree. In their internal structure, however, they are quite different. Instead of the triple arrangements of stamens and pistil parts, they have indefinite numbers arranged in spirals.##.

Liriodendron tulipifera. Distribution and habitat.In the Cretaceous age the genus was represented by several species, and was widely distributed over North America and Europe. Its remains are also found in Tertiary rocks.Today the tulip tree is one of the largest and most valuable hardwoods of eastern North America. It is native from Connecticut and southern New York, westward to southern Ontario and northern Ohio, and south to Louisiana and northern Florida. It is found sparingly in New England; it is abundant on the southern shore of Lake Erie and westward to Illinois. It extends south to north Florida, and is rare west.

Liriodendron tulipifera. of the Mississippi River, but is found occasionally for ornamentals. Its finest development is in the Southern Appalachian mountains, where trees may exceed 170 (ft) in height. It was introduced into Great Britain before 1688 in Bishop Compton's garden at Fulham Palace and is now a popular ornamental in streets, parks, and large gardens. The Appalachian Mountains and adjacent Piedmont running south from Pennsylvania to Georgia contained 75 percent of all yellow-poplar growing stock in 1974.## East Central Florida ecotype.Parts of east-central Florida near Orlando have an ecotype with similar-looking leaves to the coastal plain variant of the Carolinas; it.

Liriodendron tulipifera. flowers much earlier (usually in March, although flowering can begin in late January), with a smaller yellower bloom than other types. This east central Florida ecotype/Peninsular allozyme group seems to have the best ability to tolerate very wet conditions, where it may grow short pencil-like root structures (pneumatophores) similar to those produced by other swamp trees in warm climates. Superior resistance to drought, pests and wind is also noted. Some individuals retain their leaves all year unless a hard frost strikes. Places where it may be seen include Dr. Howard A. Kelly Park, Lake Eola Park, Spring Hammock Preserve, Big.

Liriodendron tulipifera. Tree Park and the University of Central Florida Arboretum.## Ecology."Liriodendron tulipifera" is generally considered to be a shade-intolerant species that is most commonly associated with the first century of forest succession. In Appalachian forests, it is a dominant species during the 50–150 years of succession, but is absent or rare in stands of trees 500 years or older. One particular group of trees survived in the grounds of Orlagh College, Dublin for 200 years, before having to be cut down in 1990. On mesic, fertile soils, it often forms pure or nearly pure stands. It can and does persist in.

Liriodendron tulipifera. older forests when there is sufficient disturbance to generate large enough gaps for regeneration. Individual trees have been known to live for up to around 500 years.All young tulip trees and most mature specimens are intolerant of prolonged inundation; however, a coastal plain swamp ecotype in the southeastern United States is relatively flood-tolerant. This ecotype is recognized by its blunt-lobed leaves, which may have a red tint."Liriodendron tulipifera" produces a large amount of seed, which is dispersed by wind. The seeds typically travel a distance equal to 4–5 times the height of the tree, and remain viable for 4–7 years.

Liriodendron tulipifera. The seeds are not one of the most important food sources for wildlife, but they are eaten by a number of birds and mammals.Vines, especially wild grapevines, are known to be extremely damaging to young trees of this species. Vines are damaging both due to blocking out sunlight, and increasing weight on limbs which can lead to bending of the trunk and/or breaking of limbs.## Host plant.In terms of its role in the ecological community, "L. tulipifera" does not host a great diversity of insects, with only 28 species of moths associated with the tree. Among specialists, "L. tulipifera" is.

Liriodendron tulipifera. the sole host plant for the caterpillars of "C. angulifera", a giant silkmoth found in the eastern United States. Several generalist species use "L. tulipifera". It is a well-known host for the large, green eggs of the "Papilio glaucus", the eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly, which are known to lay their eggs exclusively among plants in the magnolia and rose families of plants, primarily in mid-late June through early August, in some states.## Use."Liriodendron tulipifera" is cultivated, and grows readily from seeds. These should be sown in fine soft soil in a cool and shady area. If sown in autumn they.

Liriodendron tulipifera. come up the succeeding spring, but if sown in spring they often remain a year in the ground. John Loudon says that seeds from the highest branches of old trees are most likely to germinate. It is readily propagated from cuttings and easily transplanted.## In landscape.Tulip trees make magnificently shaped specimen trees, and are very large, growing to about 35 (m) in good soil. They grow best in deep well-drained loam which has thick dark topsoil. They show stronger response to fertilizer compounds (those with low salt index are preferred) than most other trees, but soil structure and organic matter.

Liriodendron tulipifera. content are more important. In the wild it is occasionally seen around serpentine outcrops. The southeastern coastal plain and east central Florida ecotypes occur in wet but "not stagnant" soils which are high in organic matter. All tulip trees are unreliable in clay flats which are subject to ponding and flooding.Like other members of the Magnoliaceae family, they have fleshy roots that are easily broken if handled roughly. Transplanting should be done in early spring, before leaf-out; this timing is especially important in the more northern areas. Fall planting is often successful in Florida. The east central Florida ecotype may.

Liriodendron tulipifera. be more easily moved than other strains because its roots grow over nine or ten months every year—several months longer than other ecotypes. Most tulip trees have low tolerance of drought, although Florida natives (especially the east central ecotype) fare better than southeastern coastal plain or northern inland specimens.It is recommended as a shade tree. The tree's tall and rapid growth is a function of its shade intolerance. Grown in the full sun, the species tends to grow shorter, slower, and rounder, making it adaptable to landscape planting. In forest settings, most investment is made in the trunk (i.e., the.

Liriodendron tulipifera. branches are weak and easily break off, a sign of axial dominance) and lower branches are lost early as new, higher branches closer to the sun continue the growth spurt upward. A tree just 15 years old may already reach 40 (ft) in height with no branches within reach of humans standing on the ground. 'Ardis' – dwarf, with smaller leaves than wild form. Leaves shallow-lobed, some without lower lobes. 'Arnold' – narrow, columnar crown; may flower at early age. 'Aureomarginatum' – variegated form with pale-edged leaves; sold as 'Flashlight' or 'Majestic Beauty'. 'Fastigatum' – similar form to 'Arnold' but.

Liriodendron tulipifera. flowers at later age. 'Florida Strain' – blunt-lobed leaves, fast grower, flowers at early age. 'Integrifolium' – leaves without lower lobes. 'JFS-Oz' – compact oval form with straight leader, leaves dark and glossy; sold as 'Emerald City.' 'Leucanthum' – flowers white or nearly white. 'Little Volunteer' – almost as diminutive as 'Ardis' but with stronger form. Leaves more deeply lobed than 'Ardis.' 'Mediopictum' – variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf. 'Roothaan' – blunt-lobed leaves. 'Snow Bird' - variegated, with white-edged leaves.## Cultivars.In the UK the species and its variegated cultivar 'Aureomarginatum' have both gained the Royal Horticultural.

Liriodendron tulipifera. Society's Award of Garden Merit."Liriodendron tulipifera" has been introduced to many temperate parts of the world, at least as far north as Sykkylven, Norway and Arboretum Mustila, Finland. A few nurseries in Finland offer this species even though it is not fully hardy there and tends to be held to shrub form.It is occasionally cultivated in tropical highlands, as in Costa Rica and Colombia. In the latter nation it is a street tree at Bogota.## Honey.Nectar is produced in the orange part of the flowers. The species is a significant honey plant in the eastern United States, yielding a dark.

Liriodendron tulipifera. reddish, fairly strong honey unsuitable for table honey but claimed to be favorably regarded by some bakers## Wood.The soft, fine-grained wood of tulip trees is known as "poplar" (short for "yellow-poplar") in the U.S., but marketed abroad as "American tulipwood" or by other names. It is very widely used where a cheap, easy-to-work and stable wood is needed. The sapwood is usually a creamy off-white color. While the heartwood is usually a pale green, it can take on streaks of red, purple, or even black; depending on the extractives content (i.e. the soil conditions where the tree was grown, etc.).

Liriodendron tulipifera. It is clearly the wood of choice for use in organs, due to its ability to take a fine, smooth, precisely cut finish and so to effectively seal against pipes and valves. It is also commonly used for siding clapboards. Its wood may be compared in texture, strength, and softness to white pine.Used for interior finish of houses, for siding, for panels of carriages, for coffin boxes, pattern timber, and wooden ware. During scarcity of the better qualities of white pine, tulip wood has taken its place to some extent, particularly when very wide boards are required.It also has a.

Liriodendron tulipifera. reputation for being resistant to termites, and in the Upland South (and perhaps elsewhere) house and barn sills were often made of tulip poplar beams.## Arts.The tulip tree has been referenced in many poems and the namesakes of other poems, such as William Stafford's "Tulip Tree." It is also a plot element in the Edgar Allan Poe short story "The Gold-Bug".Another form of art that the tulip tree is a major part of is wood carving. The tulip poplar can be very useful and has been one of the favorite types of trees for wood carving by sculptors such as.

Liriodendron tulipifera. Wilhelm Schimmel and Shields Landon Jones. The Queens Giant, a tulip tree that is the oldest living thing in the New York Metropolitan area (350–450 years old, 40 (m) tall) "Spathodea campanulata", often known as the African tulip tree, an unrelated plant in a separate family (Bignoniaceae) Hunt, D. (ed). 1998. "Magnolias and their allies". International Dendrology Society & Magnolia Society. () Repopulation of the Tulip Poplar in Central Florida Michigan Bee Plants :: Magnoliaceae :: Liriodendron tulipifera Archaeanthus: Paleontologists Identify Ancient Ancestor of Tulip Tree by Enrico de Lazaro (September 13, 2013).


Question: Which body of water is this place located in or next to?

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Amanohashidate. Amanohashidate (天橋立) is one of Japan's three scenic views. The sandbar is located in Miyazu Bay in northern Kyoto Prefecture. It forms part of the Tango-Amanohashidate-Ōeyama Quasi-National Park.## Location.A thin strip of land connects two opposing sides of Miyazu Bay. This sand bar is 3.3 (km) long and covered with about 7,000 pine trees.It can be viewed from mountains on either side of the bay or it can be traversed on foot. Near the northern end is Kono Shrine, Shinto Shrine and the southern end is Chion-ji, a Buddhist temple.On the bar is the Isoshimizu fresh water well cherished since.


Question: Who is the owner of this building?

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30 St Mary Axe. loan and the British pound, high interest rates and general financing structure. In November 2014, the Gherkin was purchased for £700 million by the Safra Group, controlled by the Brazilian billionaire Joseph Safra. Landmarks of London Diagrid List of tallest buildings and structures in London Mathematics and architecture Phallic architecture, a list of similarly shaped buildings that includes 30 St Mary Axe Norman Foster's site about the project.


Question: Which mountain range is this mountain belong to?

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Salève. The Salève (), or Mont Salève, is a mountain of the French Prealps located in the department of Haute-Savoie in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is also called the "Balcony of Geneva" (French: "Balcon de Genève").## Geography.Geographically, the Salève is a mountain of the French Prealps located in the Haute-Savoie department, but geologically a part of the Jura chain, as the Vuache is. Below the Salève is the Geneva urban area where more than 700,000 people live.The Salève consists of the Pitons, Grand Salève and Petit Salève; it culminates at 1,379 metres at the Grand Piton. It is accessible via the Téléphérique du.


Question: What is the length in kilometre is the mountain in the image?

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Salève. Salève, a cable car, since 1932 (rebuilt in 1983). The Salève stretches between Étrembières in the north and the suspension bridge of La Caille in the south. Between 1892 and 1935, the Salève was served by the first electric rack railway in the world (Chemin de fer du Salève).The eastern side of the Salève dives under the molasse of the Bornes Massif while the abrupt mountain slope facing Geneva is subject to erosion. The vegetation – or the absence thereof – enhances the limestone's layers. This side of the mountain is slit by several narrow and deep gorges, among which.

Salève. the Grande Varappe, which at the end of the 19th century gave its name to the activity of rock climbing in French. This discipline developed intensely there, at a time when it was only beginning.The Monnetier Valley, separating the Petit and Grand Salève, is due to glaciary erosion. Modern geologists now think that this valley was dug by the subglaciary currents in a fissured region between the Petit and Grand Salève and not by the Arve as was assumed earlier.## From prehistory to green tourism.Between 12,000 and 10,000 BC, the Salève hosted a magdalenian site. From 1833, Genevan physician François.

Salève. proposed by Lamartine in 1825 as the conclusion of his friend Lord Byron's uncompleted poem, is located on the Salève. Byron died in 1824. (See the French page for the complete "Dedicace"). "Le Ruisseau" is a poem by Théophile Gautier located on the foot of the Salève (1869). (See the French page for the complete poem).## The Salève in paintings.The Salève occurs on one of the first European paintings depicting a realistic landscape, "La Pêche Miraculeuse" by Konrad Witz created in 1444.Cable carHike club starting 10am on Sundays mornings from Veyrier-DouaneSaleve Airlines, school of paraglidingShedrub Choekhor Ling site.


Question: What pattern, design or motif is applied to the surface of this material?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Gingham. Gingham, also called Vichy check, is a medium-weight balanced plain-woven fabric typically with striped, check or plaid duotone patterns, in bright colour and in white made from dyed cotton or cotton-blend yarns. It is made of carded, medium or fine yarns.## History.The name may originate . Alternatively, it is speculated that the fabric now known as "gingham" may have been made at Guingamp, a town in Brittany, France, and that the fabric may be named after the town. Some sources say that the name came into English via Dutch. When originally imported into Europe in the 17th century, gingham was.

Gingham. a striped fabric, though now it is distinguished by its checkered pattern. From the mid-18th century, when it was being produced in the mills of Manchester, England, it started to be woven into checked or plaid patterns (often blue and white). Checked gingham became more common over time, though striped gingham was still available in the late Victorian period. The equivalent in the French language is the noun "vichy", from the town of Vichy in France. The same word is used in Spain where this pattern is called "cuadro vichy" or "estampado vichy".In the United States, the mass popularity of.


Question: Which city or region does this park locate in?

Instruction: You have to find a Wikipedia segment that answers the question about the displayed image.

Mehrauli Archaeological Park. Mehrauli Archaeological Park is an archaeological area spread over 200 acre in Mehrauli, Delhi, adjacent to Qutub Minar World Heritage Site and the Qutb complex. It consists of over 100 historically significant monuments. It is the only area in Delhi known for 1,000 years of continuous occupation, and includes the ruins of Lal Kot built by Tomar Rajputs in 1060 CE, making it the oldest extant fort of Delhi, and architectural relics of subsequent period, rule of Khalji dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty, Lodhi dynasty of Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, and the British Raj.## Overview.The region contains sites like Tomb of Balban,.

Mehrauli Archaeological Park. the area as an archaeological park and conservation of important structures started in 1997, in collaboration between Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation (DTTDC), the State Department of Archaeology, the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) and the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), which first started systematic documentation of structures in the area and also started conducting heritage walks since 2000.Over the years, INTACH has restored some 40 monuments in the Park and added signages, heritage trails, and sandstone trail-markers. Qutb complex History of Delhi Baolis of Mehrauli List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi Mehrauli Archaeological.

Mehrauli Archaeological Park. Park Conservation INTACH Heritage Walks: Mehrauli Archaeological Park at INTACH Monuments of Delhi Mehrauli Archaeological Park. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1736/mehrauli-archaeological-park/.


Question: What product does this tunnel produce?

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Shaft sinking. Shaft mining or shaft sinking is the action of excavating a mine shaft from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom. Shallow shafts, typically sunk for civil engineering projects, differ greatly in execution method from deep shafts, typically sunk for mining projects.Shaft sinking is one of the most difficult of all mine development methods: restricted space, gravity, groundwater and specialized procedures make the task quite formidable. Shafts may be sunk by conventional drill and blast or mechanised means.Historically, mine shaft sinking has been among the most dangerous of all the mining occupations and the preserve.

Shaft sinking. of mining contractors called sinkers. Today shaft sinking contractors are concentrated in Canada, Germany, China and South Africa.The modern shaft sinking industry is gradually shifting further towards greater mechanisation, recent innovations in the form of full-face shaft boring (akin to a vertical tunnel boring machine) have shown promise but the use of this method is, as of 2019, not widespread.## Mine shafts.Mine shafts are vertical or near-vertical tunnels, which are "sunk" as a means of accessing an underground ore body, during of the development of an underground mine.The shape (in plan view), dimensions and depth of mine shafts vary greatly.

Shaft sinking. in response to the specific needs of the mine they are part of and the geology they are sunk through. For example, in North and South America, smaller shafts are designed to be rectangular in plan view with timber supports. Larger shafts are round in plan and are concrete lined.Mine shafts may be used for a variety of purposes, including as a means of escape in the event of an emergency underground and allowing for the movement of: People Materials Mine services (such as compressed air, water, backfill, power, communications and fuel) Ventilation air Broken rock (in the form of.

Shaft sinking. payable ore, or non payable waste) Or any combination of the aboveWhen the top of the excavation is the ground surface, it is referred to as a "shaft"; when the top of the excavation is underground, it is called a "winze" or a "sub-shaft". Small shafts may be excavated upwards from within an existing mine as long as there is access at the bottom, in which case they are called "raises".A shaft may be either vertical or inclined (between 80 and 90 degrees to the horizontal), although most modern mine shafts are vertical. If access exists at the bottom of.

Shaft sinking. the proposed shaft, and ground conditions allow, then raise boring may be used to excavate the shaft from the bottom up; such shafts are called "borehole shafts".Following the Hartley Colliery disaster where the single shaft at the mine became blocked, the United Kingdom made single shaft mines illegal in 1862, establishing the practice that all underground mines must have a "a second means of egress". Many other global mining jurisdictions have adopted this rule and shafts are therefore often found in pairs (although there are multiple alternative methods of providing a second means of egress).The current the deepest single lift.

Shaft sinking. (i.e. continuous) mine shaft in the world is the 2991m deep, main shaft at South Deep Mine in South Africa, owned by Gold Fields Limited, which, along with its twin ventilation shafts, took ten years to sink and equip.## Parts of a mine shaft.The most visible feature of a traditionally-built mine shaft is the headframe (or winding tower, poppet head or pit head) which stands above the shaft. Depending on the type of hoist (or winder) used, the top of the headframe will either house a hoist motor or a sheave wheel (with the hoist motor mounted on the ground).

Shaft sinking. The headframe will also typically contain bins for storing ore being transferred to the processing facility.At ground level beneath and around the headframe is the Shaft Collar (also called the Bank or Deck), which provides the foundation necessary to support the weight of the headframe and provides a means for workers, materials and services to enter and exit the shaft. Collars are usually massive reinforced concrete structures with more than one level. If the shaft is used for mine ventilation, a plenum space or casing is incorporated into the collar to ensure the proper flow of air into and out.

Shaft sinking. of the mine.Beneath the collar the part of the shaft which continues into the ground is called the "shaft barrel".At locations where the shaft barrel meets horizontal workings there is a "shaft station" (or inset) which allows men, materials and services to enter and exit the shaft. From the station tunnels (drifts, galleries or levels) extend towards the ore body, sometimes for many kilometers. The lowest shaft station is most often the point where rock leaves the mine levels and is transferred to the shaft, if so a "loading pocket" is excavated on one side of the shaft at this.

Shaft sinking. location to allow transfer facilities to be built.Beneath the lowest shaft station the shaft continues on for some distance, this area is referred to as the "shaft bottom". A tunnel called a "ramp" typically connects the bottom of the shaft with the rest of the mine, this ramp often contains the mine's water handling facility, called the "sump", as water will naturally flow to the lowest point in the mine.## Shaft lining.Many (although not all) shafts are lined following excavation and the installation of temporary ground support.The shaft lining performs several functions; it is first and foremost a safety feature.

Shaft sinking. preventing loose or unstable rock from falling into the shaft, then a place for shaft sets to bolt into, and lastly a smooth surface to minimise resistance to airflow for ventilation.Final choice of shaft lining is dependent on the geology of the rock which the shaft passes through, some shafts have several liners sections as required Where shafts are sunk in very competent rock there may be no requirement for lining at all, or just the installation of welded mesh and rock bolts. The material of choice for shaft lining is mass concrete which is poured behind "shaft forms" in.

Shaft sinking. lifts of 6 m as the shaft advances (gets deeper).Shotcrete, fibrecrete, brick, cast iron tubing, and precast concrete segments have all been used at one time or another. Additionally, the use of materials like bitumen and even squash balls have been required by specific circumstances. In extreme cases, particularly when sinking through halite, composite liners consisting of two or more materials may be required.The shaft liner does not reach right to the bottom of the shaft during sinking, but lags behind by a fixed distance. This distance is determined by the methodology of excavation and the design thickness of the.

Shaft sinking. permanent liner. To ensure the safety of persons working on the shaft bottom temporary ground support is installed, usually consisting of welded mesh and rock bolts. The installation of the temporary ground support (called "bolting") is among the most physically challenging parts of the shaft sinking cycle as bolts must be installed using pneumatic powered rock drills.For this reason, and to minimise the number of persons on the shaft bottom a number of projects have successfully switched to shotcrete for this temporary lining. Research and development in this area is focusing on the robotic application of shotcrete and the commercialisation.

Shaft sinking. of thin sprayed polymer liners.## Shaft compartments.Where the shaft is to be used for hoisting it is frequently split into multiple compartments by "shaft sets", these may be made of either timber or steel. Vertical members in a shaft set are called "guides", horizontal members are called "buntons". For steel shaft guides, the main two options are hollow structural sections and top hat sections. Top hat sections offer a number of advantages over hollow structural sections including simpler installation, improved corrosion resistance and increased stiffness. Mine conveyances run on the guides in a similar way to how a steel roller.

Shaft sinking. coaster runs on its rails, both having wheels which keep them securely in place.Some shafts do not use guide beams but instead utilize steel wire rope (called "guide rope") kept in tension by massive weights at shaft bottom called "cheese weights" (because of their resemblance to a truckle or wheel of cheese) as these are easier to maintain and replace.The largest compartment is typically used for the "mine cage", a conveyance used for moving workers and supplies below the surface, which is suspended from the hoist on steel wire rope. It functions in a similar manner to an elevator. Cages.

Shaft sinking. may be single-, double-, or rarely triple-deck, always having multiple redundant safety systems in case of unexpected failure.The second compartment is used for one or more skips, used to hoist ore to the surface. Smaller mining operations use a skip mounted underneath the cage, rather than a separate device, while some large mines have separate shafts for the cage and skips. The third compartment is used for an emergency exit; it may house an auxiliary cage or a system of ladders. An additional compartment houses mine services such as high voltage cables and pipes for transfer of water, compressed air.

Shaft sinking. or diesel fuel.A second reason to divide the shaft is for ventilation. One or more of the compartments discussed above may be used for air intake, while others may be used for exhaust. Where this is the case a steel or concrete wall called a "brattice" is installed between the two compartments to separate the air flow. At many mines there are one or more complete additional separate "auxiliary shafts" with separate head gear and cages.## Shaft construction.The lowest point in a sinking shaft is known as "shaft bottom", shaft projects differ from some other forms of mine development in.

Shaft sinking. that all activities that take place on shaft bottom become part of the critical path for the project schedule. The infrastructure required to sink a shaft is referred to a "the sinking set-up".It is typical for progress (the "sinking rate") in the sinking phase (that is excavation, ground support and lining) of a shaft project to follow a learning curve as the project team repeat the same series of activities over and over in what is called "the sinking cycle", eventually approaching the theoretical maximum rate for that sinking set up over time. The use of experienced shaft sinkers is.

Shaft sinking. necessary to reduce the length of this learning curve and thus the duration of the project as much as possible.Key to a successful shaft sinking project are: Getting the various components of the sinking set-up correct and installed at the right time. Having experienced people involved from as early in the project as possible Using the available time on shaft bottom as efficiently as possible.Although significant emphasis is placed on the rate of progress of a project sinking cycle by shaft sinkers, sinking is only one of a number of phases in the conventional construction of a new shaft, as.

Shaft sinking. follows; "Box Cut Excavation". A box cut is a large square or rectangular excavation typically completed using earthmoving equipment down to bedrock, inside which the shaft collar will be constructed. Having the loads imposed by the collar, headframe and hoisting plant transferred into solid rock is necessary to prevent unplanned subsidence. Where the depth of bedrock is to great to for a box cut to economically viable, or the bedrock is not strong enough, civil engineering techniques such as diaphragm walls or concrete piles may be used to create a deep foundation instead. "Pre-Sink". The pre-sink is the excavation and.

Shaft sinking. support of the first 60 – 100 meters of the shaft barrel, often completed smaller equipment such as handheld, pneumatic drilling equipment to drill holes for basting and ground support and mini-excavators for mucking. During the pre-sink hoisting of muck and equipment is usually performed by a mobile crane on surface. It is necessary to sink this part of the shaft first so that the Galloway, a multi-level working platform may be installed with enough vertical distance to shaft bottom that it will not be damaged by fly rock during blasting. "Collar Construction". From the bottom of the box-cut, the.

Shaft sinking. shaft collar is constructed bottom up in a planned series of concrete pours. "Galloway (Sinking Stage) Construction & Installation." The Galloway (also known as a Sinking Stage or Scaffold) is a multi-level working platform, suspended in the shaft from winches located on surface. The Galloway allows sinkers to efficiently work on differing levels as required by the various tasks of the sinking cycle. It is typical for the Galloway to be constructed off to one side of the shaft and lowered into the pre-sink with a crane in as complete a state as possible. Once in place the Galloway is.

Shaft sinking. "chaired" (suspended from the shaft collar) while the headframe is built above, often protected by a bulkhead. "Headframe & Hoist House Construction." With the collar constructed and the Galloway installed the headframe and hoist (or winder) houses may be constructed and the hoist and winch ropes installed. Headframes may be either steel or concrete and their design will determine how they are constructed. The Galloway is moved in the shaft by means of winches, which move slowly and are rated for significant loads, while the sinking buckets (or kibbles) are moved in the shaft by the sinking hoist, which moves.

Shaft sinking. quickly and is rates for less load that the winches. To protect the hoist(s) and winches and the sensitive electronics which are used to control their operation they are normally installed inside of a build called a hoist (or winder) house. "Commissioning Sinking Set Up." The Sinking set-up must then be commissioned to ensure that all parts are operating as planned. "Full Sink". The activities of the sinking cycle (excavation, installation of temporary ground support, placement of the shaft lining and extending shaft services) all take place in this phase of construction. In a shaft where there are to be.

Shaft sinking. multiple working levels, shaft stations and station stubs (short lengths of horizontal tunnel leading away from the station) will be developed by the sinkers on the way down. As the equipment to excavate these stations must be small enough to fit through the openings in the Galloway, the rate of advance in developing the station stubs is typically low, compared to what can be achieved with full size mining equipment so station stubs are typically kept as short as possible. "Shaft Equipping & Headframe Changeover." Once the shaft reaches the final design depth, the shaft is stripped of any temporary.

Shaft sinking. services, the Galloway cut up or modified to suit the installation of the permanent shaft set-up, the shaft sets (if required) installed and the headframe / winders modified to allow for permanent hoisting. Any permanent conveyances will be installed at this stage. "Commissioning Permanent Set Up." The Permanent set-up must then be commissioned to ensure that all parts are operating as planned before being handed over to the new owner.As with the depth and design of shafts significant variations do exist in this sequence depending on local conditions, for example in that hard Canadian Shield rocks which dominate shaft sinking.

Shaft sinking. in Canada a deep and complex shaft collar is unnecessary as the bedrock is both strong and close to surface. This reduces the amount of time typically required to establish the shaft collar.Traditionally sinking contractors would build a temporary headframe for the sinking set up, which would then be dismantled to make way for a permanent headframe. With the growth in complexity and duration of shaft sinking projects over time it has become more common to incorporate more of the permanent shaft set-up into the sinking phase. This results in a reduced overall project duration, as for example, if the.

Shaft sinking. service piping used to sink the shaft does not need to be stripped out to make way for permanent piping.With the advancements made in raise boring technology, raise borers have been used to create a pilot hole for shaft sinking, where access exists at the bottom of the new shaft, in this case the sinking phase is dedicated to enlarging this pilot hole to full diameter (a process usually called "slashing"). This methodology can be considerably faster than full face sinking as muck (waste rock) from sinking falls down the pilot hole and is handled using existing mine infrastructure off.

Shaft sinking. critical path.Drift miningEngine shaftHeadframeMan engineRaise borerSalt-concreteUnderground mining (hard rock)Underground mining (soft rock)Glossary of coal mining terminologyRepurposing old mine shafts for energy storage purposesAbandoned Mine Shafts & TunnelsTop Hat Sections.


Question: Which location has this bird invaded?

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

Egyptian goose. The Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca) is a member of the duck, goose, and swan family Anatidae. It is native to Africa south of the Sahara and the Nile Valley.Egyptian geese were considered sacred by the Ancient Egyptians, and appeared in much of their artwork. Because of their popularity chiefly as an ornamental bird, escapees are common and feral populations have become established in Western Europe, the United States, and New Zealand.## Taxonomy.The Egyptian goose is believed to be most closely related to the shelducks (genus "Tadorna") and their relatives, and is placed with them in the subfamily Tadorninae. It is.

Egyptian goose. grass and suitable nesting locations (either islands, holes in old trees or amongst epicormic shoots on old trees). During the winter, they are widely dispersed within river valleys, where they feed on short grass and cereals. In the United Kingdom in 2009, it was officially declared a non-native species. Accordingly, Egyptian geese in Great Britain may be shot without special permission if they cause problems.In Europe, the species has been included since 2017 in the list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern (the Union list). This implies that this species cannot be imported, bred, transported, commercialized, used, exchanged or.


Question: What is the conservation status of this animal? (The status is assigned by the international union for conservation of nature. Choose one among Endangered,Least Concern,Critically Endangered,extinct species,extinct in the wild,Vulnerable,Near Threatened,Data Deficient).

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Red panda. dense bamboo cover close to water sources. It is solitary and largely arboreal. It feeds mainly on bamboo shoots and leaves, but also on fruits and blossoms. Red pandas mate in early spring, with the females giving birth to litters of up to four cubs in summer. It is threatened by poaching as well as destruction and fragmentation of habitat due to deforestation. The species has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2015. It is protected in all range countries.Community-based conservation programmes have been initiated in Nepal, Bhutan and northeastern India; in China, it benefits from.

Red panda. 2017 revealed only one in Yunnan offered hats made of red panda skins, and red panda tails were offered in an online forum.## Conservation.The red panda is listed in CITES Appendix I and protected in all range countries; hunting is illegal. It has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2008 because the global population is estimated at 10,000 individuals, with a decreasing population trend. A large extent of its habitat is part of protected areas.A red panda anti-poaching unit and community-based monitoring have been established in Langtang National Park. Members of Community Forest User Groups also.

Red panda. sent to other zoos; by 1969, about 250 red pandas had been exhibited in zoos. The Taronga Conservation Society started keeping red pandas in 1977.In 1978, a breed registry, the "International Red Panda Studbook", was set up, followed by the Red Panda European Endangered Species Programme in 1985. Members of international zoos ratified a global master plan for the captive breeding of the red panda in 1993. By late 2015, 219 red pandas lived in 42 zoos in Japan. The Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park participates in the Red Panda Species Survival Plan and kept about 25 red pandas by.


Question: Who commissioned this building?

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Tughlaqabad Fort. Tughluqabad Fort is a ruined fort in Delhi, built by Ghiyasuddin Tughluq, the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty, of the Delhi Sultanate of India in 1321, as he established the third historic city of Delhi, which was later abandoned in 1327. It lends its name to the nearby Tughluqabad residential-commercial area as well as the Tughluqabad Institutional Area. Ghiyasuddin Tughluq also built the Qutub-Badarpur Road, which connected the new city to the Grand Trunk Road. The road is now known as Mehrauli-Badarpur Road. The entry fee for the Fort is Rs. 20 for Indians. Also, nearby is Dr. Karni Singh.


Question: Which city or region does this place locate in?

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

Histria (ancient city). establishment, with fishing and agriculture as additional sources of income. By 100 AD, however, fishing had become the main source of Istrian revenue.Around 30 AD, Histria came under Roman domination. During the Roman period from the 1st to 3rd centuries AD, temples were built for the Roman gods, besides a public bath and houses for the wealthy. Altogether, it was in continuous existence for some 14 centuries, starting with the Greek period up to the Roman-Byzantine period. The Halmyris bay where was the city founded was closed by sand deposits and access to the Black Sea gradually was cut. Trade.

Histria (ancient city). continued until the 6th century AD. The invasion of the Avars and the Slavs in the 7th century AD almost entirely destroyed the fortress, and the Istrians dispersed; the name and the city disappeared.## Geographic setting.Ancient Histria was situated on a peninsula, about 5 (km) east of the modern Romanian commune of Istria, on the Dobruja coast. The ancient seashore has since been transformed into the western shore of Sinoe Lake, as the Danube's silt deposits formed a shoal which closed off the ancient coastline. The current Sinoe Lake was at the time the open northern bay, while another bay.

Histria (ancient city). upon that which was in alliance with Rome, and had suffered many disasters in return. 2 For after ravaging the possessions of the Dardanians and their neighbours, he did not dare to await their attack, but pretending to retire with his cavalry for some other purpose, took to flight; in this way the enemy surrounded his infantry and forcibly drove them out of the country, even taking away their plunder from them. 3 When he tried the same tactics on the allies in Moesia, he was defeated near the city of the Istrians by the Bastarnian Scythians who came to.