Question: Which city or region does this park locate in?

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Huis Ten Bosch (theme park). Is a theme park in Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan, which recreates the Netherlands by displaying life-sized copies of old Dutch buildings. The name "Huis Ten Bosch" translates into English as "House at the Woods/Forest". It is named after Huis ten Bosch in The Hague, one of the three official residences of the Dutch Royal Family.## Overview.The park features many Dutch-style buildings such as hotels, villas, theatres, museums, shops and restaurants, along with canals, windmills, amusement rides, and a park planted in seasonal flowers. Huis Ten Bosch, which opened on March 25, 1992, is located around 12 km southeast of Sasebo. It.

Huis Ten Bosch (theme park). is on Hario Island, essentially an area of reclaimed marshland on the main coastline of Kyushu facing Ōmura Bay. Its location in this area of the country reflects the historical relations between the Netherlands and Japan, which began in 1609 when a trading post was opened by the Dutch in Hirado, an island off the coast of Kyushu around 35 km northwest of central Sasebo.The Huis Ten Bosch park is open daily from 9.00 a.m. to 9.30 p.m. (9.00 a.m. to 8.30 p.m. from December to February). A day "passport" ticket, covering entry and a number of attractions within the.

Huis Ten Bosch (theme park). park costs 5,600 yen for adults and 4,400 yen for children. The park can be reached by JR train or bus from Nagasaki. It can also be reached by boat from Nagasaki Airport or from Sasebo.The park recorded the peak of 4.25 million visitors in 1996. However, due to the fall of the number of visitors caused by economic slump in Japan, the park declared bankruptcy in 2003 with debt of 220 billion yen. The rebuilding plan was sponsored by Nomura Principal Finance Company until March 2010, when H.I.S., a travel agency, took over the management by injecting 2 billion.


Question: What is this plant named after?

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Kalmia. Kalmia is a genus of about ten species of evergreen shrubs from 0.2–5 m tall, in the family Ericaceae. They are native to North America (mainly in the eastern half of the continent) and Cuba. They grow in acidic soils, with different species in wet acid bog habitats ("K. angustifolia, K. polifolia") and dry, sandy soils ("K. ericoides, K. latifolia")."Kalmia" was named by Linnaeus to honour his friend the botanist Pehr Kalm, who collected it in eastern North America during the mid-18th century. Earlier, Mark Catesby saw it during his travels in Carolina, and after his return to England in.

Kalmia. 1726, imported seeds. He described it, a costly rarity, in his "Natural History of Carolina", as "Chamaedaphne foliis tini", that is to say "with leaves like the Laurustinus"; the botanist and plant-collector Peter Collinson, who had begged some of the shrub from his correspondent John Custis in Virginia, wrote, when his plants flowered, that "I Really Think it exceeds the Laurus Tinus."The leaves are 2–12 cm long and simple lanceolate. The flowers are white, pink or purple, in corymbs of 10-50, reminiscent of Rhododendron flowers but flatter, with a star-like calyx of five conjoined petals; each flower is 1–3 cm.

Kalmia. diameter. The fruit is a five-lobed capsule, which splits to release the numerous small seeds.The foliage contains grayanotoxins, a group of closely related neurotoxins named after "Leucothoe grayana", native to Japan, so it is toxic if eaten, with sheep being particularly prone to poisoning, hence the name lambkill used for some of the species. Other names for Kalmia, particularly "Kalmia angustifolia," are sheep-laurel, lamb-kill, calf-kill, kill-kid, and sheep-poison, which may be written with or without the hyphen. (See species list below.) "Kid" here refers to a young goat, not a human child, but the foliage and twigs are toxic to.

Kalmia. humans as well.It has also been called spoonwood because Kalm was told by Dutch settlers of North America that Native Americans made spoons from the wood. Given its toxicity, this may be folklore rather than scientific fact.Kalmias are popular garden shrubs, grown for their decorative flowers. They should not be planted where they are accessible to livestock due to the toxicity."Kalmia" species are used as food plants by the larvae of some lepidopteran species including "Coleophora kalmiella" which feeds exclusively on "Kalmia".## Species.Species (and infraspecific taxa) listed by The Plant List as "Accepted": "Kalmia angustifolia" - Sheep-laurel, lambkill "Kalmia buxifolia.

Kalmia. - Sandmyrtle "Kalmia carolina" - Carolina mountain-laurel "Kalmia cuneata" - Whitewicky "Kalmia ericoides" - Cuban kalmia "Kalmia ericoides" var. "aggregata" "Kalmia hirsuta" - Hairy mountain-laurel "Kalmia latifolia" - Lambkill "Kalmia latifolia" f. "alba" "Kalmia latifolia" f. "fuscata" "Kalmia latifolia" f. "obtusata" "Kalmia latifolia" f. "polypetala" "Kalmia microphylla" - Alpine laurel, alpine bog-laurel, alpine mountain-laurel "Kalmia microphylla" subsp. "occidentalis" "Kalmia polifolia" - Bog kalmia, bog-laurel "Kalmia simulata" "Kalmia procumbens" is a widely accepted member of this genus, though it is the only species in the genus "Loiseleuria" according to The Plant List. The related "Kalmiopsis" ("Kalmiopsis leachiana" and "K. fragrans") is.

Kalmia. a rare shrub endemic to southwest Oregon.## Fossil record.Fossil leaves of †Kalmia saxonica have been described from the Lower Miocene of Brandis, Germany and Bełchatów, Poland, †'Kalmia marcodurensis have been described from the Lower Miocene of Bitterfeld, Germany. In the Late Tertiary "Kalmia" was associated with coal-forming vegetation occurring as a component of the vegetation of bush swamps together with "Cyrilla" and other shrubs. Among recent species "Kalmia angustifolia" is most similar to †"Kalmia saxonica" in respect of morphology, while "Kalmia latifolia" has a very similar epidermal structure. These two extant species grow in the eastern part of North America.

Kalmia. from (Quebec to Florida) on acid swampy or marshy soils. Jaynes, Richard A., 1997: Kalmia, mountain laurel and related species, Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A. Huebbers, Karl-Heinz and Westhoff, Julia,2020 : Fascynujące kalmie (Fascinating Kalmie) published by Plantin, Krakow, Poland ## Bibliography.## Books.ISBN: 978-83-956964-0-4European Kalmia SocietyKalmia.info: German Kalmia hybridizersPieris.eu: Info about "Kalmia latifolia.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

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Pyrola elliptica. Pyrola elliptica, known as shinleaf, shinleaf pyrola, waxflower shinleaf, elliptic shineleaf and white wintergreen is a species of heath.## Description.The plant has 5-petaled white flowers and some what elliptical leaves with petioles shorter than the blade. It grows 6-12 inches tall in dry woods and forest, blooming from June through August.## Range.This species' range includes most of southern Canada and the northern United States, as well as part of the southwestern States.


Question: Which protected area is this place usually located in?

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Amanohashidate. Amanohashidate (天橋立) is one of Japan's three scenic views. The sandbar is located in Miyazu Bay in northern Kyoto Prefecture. It forms part of the Tango-Amanohashidate-Ōeyama Quasi-National Park.## Location.A thin strip of land connects two opposing sides of Miyazu Bay. This sand bar is 3.3 (km) long and covered with about 7,000 pine trees.It can be viewed from mountains on either side of the bay or it can be traversed on foot. Near the northern end is Kono Shrine, Shinto Shrine and the southern end is Chion-ji, a Buddhist temple.On the bar is the Isoshimizu fresh water well cherished since.


Question: How many year do these animal in the image typically live?

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Vipera berus. specimens of 104 (cm) have been observed there on two occasions. In France and Great Britain, the maximum size is 80 - 87 (cm). Mass ranges from 50 (g) to about 180 (g).The head is fairly large and distinct and its sides are almost flat and vertical. The edge of the snout is usually raised into a low ridge. Seen from above, the rostral scale is not visible, or only just. Immediately behind the rostral, there are two (rarely one) small scales.Dorsally, there are usually five large plates: a squarish frontal (longer than wide, sometimes rectangular), two parietals (sometimes with.

Vipera berus. a tiny scale between the frontal and the parietals), and two long and narrow supraoculars. The latter are large and distinct, each separated from the frontal by one to four small scales. The nostril is situated in a shallow depression within a large nasal scale.The eye is relatively large—equal in size or slightly larger than the nasal scale—but often smaller in females. Below the supraoculars are six to 13 (usually eight to 10) small circumorbital scales. The temporal scales are smooth (rarely weakly keeled). There are 10–12 sublabials and six to 10 (usually eight or 9) supralabials. Of the latter,.

Vipera berus. 10 million partridges each year by countryside estates has also been suggested to have a significant impact on adder populations across the UK, with the possibility the reptile could be extinct within 12 years.## Behaviour.This species is mainly diurnal, especially in the north of its range. Further south it is said to be active in the evening, and it may even be active at night during the summer months. It is predominantly a terrestrial species, although it has been known to climb up banks and into low bushes in order to bask or search for prey.Adders are not usually aggressive,.

Vipera berus. toxicity as being relatively low compared to other viper species. They cite Minton (1974) who reported the values for mice to be 0.55 mg/kg IV, 0.80 mg/kg IP and 6.45 mg/kg SC. As a comparison, in one test the minimum lethal dose of venom for a guinea pig was 40–67 mg, but only 1.7 mg was necessary when "Daboia russelii" venom was used. Brown (1973) gives a higher subcutaneous LD50 range of 1.0–4.0 mg/kg. All agree that the venom yield is low: Minton (1974) mentions 10–18 mg for specimens 48 – 62 (cm) in length, while Brown (1973) lists only.

Vipera berus. possible after any bite. Very occasionally bites can be life-threatening, particularly in small children, while adults may experience discomfort and disability long after the bite. The length of recovery varies, but may take up to a year. Surprisingly, Norway has on average registered one death from the snake every 10 years, despite only having 200-500 reports of bites a year.Local symptoms include immediate and intense pain, followed after a few minutes (but perhaps by as much as 30 minutes) by swelling and a tingling sensation. Blisters containing blood are not common. The pain may spread within a few hours, along.


Question: What is the height of this animal in metre?

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Elephant. in size led to the development and elongation of the mobile trunk to provide reach. The number of premolars, incisors and canines decreased.The cheek teeth (molars and premolars) of proboscideans became larger and more specialized, especially after elephants started to switch from C3-plants to C4-grasses, which caused their teeth to undergo a three-fold increase in teeth height as well as substantial multiplication of lamellae after about five million years ago. Only in the last million years or so did they return to a diet mainly consisting of C3 trees and shrubs. The upper second incisors grew into tusks, which varied.

Elephant. develop gigantism in these conditions. Dwarf elephants are known to have lived in Indonesia, the Channel Islands of California, and several islands of the Mediterranean.## Anatomy.## Size.Elephants are the largest living terrestrial animals. African bush elephants are the largest species, with males being 304 - 336 (cm) tall at the shoulder with a body mass of 5.2 - 6.9 (MT) and females standing 247 - 273 (cm) tall at the shoulder with a body mass of 2.6 - 3.5 (MT). Male Asian elephants are usually about 261 - 289 (cm) tall at the shoulder and 3.5 - 4.6 (MT) whereas.

Elephant. of cracking a peanut shell without breaking the seed. With its trunk, an elephant can reach items at heights of up to 7 (m) and dig for water under mud or sand. Individuals may show lateral preference when grasping with their trunks: some prefer to twist them to the left, others to the right. Elephants are capable of dilating their nostrils at a radius of nearly 30%, increasing the nasal volume by 64%, and can inhale at over 150 (m/s) which is around 30 times the speed of a human sneeze. Elephants can suck up food and water both to.

Elephant. teeth falls out at four to six years old. The third set falls out at 9–15 years of age and set four lasts until 18–28 years of age. The fifth set of teeth falls out at the early 40s. The sixth (and usually final) set must last the elephant the rest of its life. Elephant teeth have loop-shaped dental ridges, which are thicker and more diamond-shaped in African elephants.## Tusks.The tusks of an elephant are modified second incisors in the upper jaw. They replace deciduous milk teeth at 6–12 months of age and grow continuously at about 17 (cm) a.

Elephant. well into a gallop, even accounting for leg length. Spring-like kinetics could explain the difference between the motion of elephants and other animals. During locomotion, the cushion pads expand and contract, and reduce both the pain and noise that would come from a very heavy animal moving. Elephants are capable swimmers. They have been recorded swimming for up to six hours without touching the bottom, and have swum as far as 48 (km) at a stretch and at speeds of up to 2.1 (km/h).## Organs.The brain of an elephant weighs 4.5 – 5.5 (kg) compared to 1.6 (kg) for a.

Elephant. human brain. It is the largest of all terrestrial mammals. While the elephant brain is larger overall, it is proportionally smaller than the human brain when compared to their size. At birth, an elephant's brain already weighs 30–40% of its adult weight. The cerebrum and cerebellum are well developed, and the temporal lobes are so large that they bulge out laterally. Their temporal lobes are proportionally larger than in other animals, including humans. The throat of an elephant appears to contain a pouch where it can store water for later use. The larynx of the elephant is the largest known.

Elephant. among mammals. The vocal folds are long and are attached close to the epiglottis base. When comparing an elephant's vocal folds to those of a human, an elephant's are longer, thicker, and have a larger cross-sectional area. In addition, they are tilted at 45 degrees and positioned more anteriorly than a human's vocal folds.The heart of an elephant weighs 12 – 21 (kg). It has a double-pointed apex, an unusual trait among mammals. In addition, the ventricles separate near the top of the heart, a trait they share with sirenians. When standing, the elephant's heart beats approximately 30 times per.

Elephant. fully erect and has a Y-shaped orifice. The female has a well-developed clitoris at up to 40 (cm). The vulva is located between the hind legs instead of near the tail as in most mammals. Determining pregnancy status can be difficult due to the animal's large abdominal cavity. The female's mammary glands occupy the space between the front legs, which puts the suckling calf within reach of the female's trunk. Elephants have a unique organ, the temporal gland, located in both sides of the head. This organ is associated with sexual behaviour, and males secrete a fluid from it when.

Elephant. and will eat leaves, twigs, fruit, bark, grass and roots. They are born with sterile intestines and require bacteria obtained from their mother's feces to digest vegetation. African elephants are mostly browsers while Asian elephants are mainly grazers. They can consume as much as 150 (kg) of food and 40 (L) of water in a day. Elephants tend to stay near water sources. Major feeding bouts take place in the morning, afternoon and night. At midday, elephants rest under trees and may doze off while standing. Sleeping occurs at night while the animal is lying down. Elephants average 3–4 hours.

Elephant. he matures, a male spends more time at the edge of his group and associates with outside males or even other families. At Amboseli, young males spend over 80% of their time away from their families when they are 14–15. When males permanently leave, they either live alone or with other males. The former is typical of bulls in dense forests. Asian males are usually solitary, but occasionally form groups of two or more individuals; the largest consisted of seven bulls. Larger bull groups consisting of over 10 members occur only among African bush elephants, the largest of which numbered.

Elephant. up to 144 individuals. Bulls only return to the herd to breed or to socialize, they do not provide prenatal care to their offspring but rather play a fatherly role to younger bulls to show dominance.Male elephants can be quite sociable when not competing for dominance or mates, and will form long-term relationships. A dominance hierarchy exists among males, whether they range socially or solitarily. Dominance depends on the age, size and sexual condition, and when in groups, males follow the lead of the dominant bull. Young bulls may seek out the company and leadership of older, more experienced males,.

Elephant. whose presence appears to control their aggression and prevent them from exhibiting "deviant" behaviour. Adult males and females come together for reproduction. Bulls associate with family groups if an oestrous cow is present.## Sexual behaviour.## Musth.Adult males enter a state of increased testosterone known as musth. In a population in southern India, males first enter musth at the age of 15, but it is not very intense until they are older than 25. At Amboseli, bulls under 24 do not go into musth, while half of those aged 25–35 and all those over 35 do. Young bulls appear to enter.

Elephant. season. A cow in oestrus releases chemical signals (pheromones) in her urine and vaginal secretions to signal her readiness to mate. A bull will follow a potential mate and assess her condition with the flehmen response, which requires the male to collect a chemical sample with his trunk and bring it to the vomeronasal organ. The oestrous cycle of a cow lasts 14–16 weeks with a 4–6-week follicular phase and an 8- to 10-week luteal phase. While most mammals have one surge of luteinizing hormone during the follicular phase, elephants have two. The first (or anovulatory) surge, could signal to.

Elephant. males that the female is in oestrus by changing her scent, but ovulation does not occur until the second (or ovulatory) surge. Fertility rates in cows decline around 45–50 years of age.Bulls engage in a behaviour known as mate-guarding, where they follow oestrous females and defend them from other males. Most mate-guarding is done by musth males, and females actively seek to be guarded by them, particularly older ones. Thus these bulls have more reproductive success. Musth appears to signal to females the condition of the male, as weak or injured males do not have normal musths. For young females,.

Elephant. the approach of an older bull can be intimidating, so her relatives stay nearby to provide support and reassurance. During copulation, the male lays his trunk over the female's back. The penis is very mobile, being able to move independently of the pelvis. Before mounting, it curves forward and upward. Copulation lasts about 45 seconds and does not involve pelvic thrusting or ejaculatory pause. Elephant sperm must swim close to 2 (m) to reach the egg. By comparison, human sperm has to swim around only 76.2 (mm).Homosexual behaviour is frequent in both sexes. As in heterosexual interactions, this involves mounting.

Elephant. to groom, drink, and feed itself are fully developed. It still needs its mother for nutrition and protection from predators for at least another year. Suckling bouts tend to last 2–4 min/hr for a calf younger than a year and it continues to suckle until it reaches three years of age or older. Suckling after two years may serve to maintain growth rate, body condition and reproductive ability.Play behaviour in calves differs between the sexes; females run or chase each other while males play-fight. The former are sexually mature by the age of nine years while the latter become mature.

Elephant. around 14–15 years. Adulthood starts at about 18 years of age in both sexes. Elephants have long lifespans, reaching 60–70 years of age. Lin Wang, a captive male Asian elephant, lived for 86 years.## Communication.Touching is an important form of communication among elephants. Individuals greet each other by stroking or wrapping their trunks; the latter also occurs during mild competition. Older elephants use trunk-slaps, kicks, and shoves to discipline younger ones. Individuals of any age and sex will touch each other's mouths, temporal glands, and genitals, particularly during meetings or when excited. This allows individuals to pick up chemical cues.

Elephant. vegetation. They are usually bluffing when performing these actions. Excited elephants may raise their trunks. Submissive ones will lower their heads and trunks, as well as flatten their ears against their necks, while those that accept a challenge will position their ears in a V shape.Elephants produce several vocalisations, usually through the larynx, though some may be modified by the trunk. These include trumpets, roars, barks, snorts, growls and rumbles which may be produced for either short or long range communication. Elephants may produce infrasonic rumbles. For Asian elephants, these calls have a frequency of 14–24 Hz, with sound pressure.

Elephant. in Central Africa, 110,000 in eastern Africa, 204,000 in southern Africa, and 19,000 in western Africa. About 214,000 elephants were estimated to live in the rainforests, fewer than had previously been thought. From 1977 to 1989, elephant populations declined by 74% in East Africa. After 1987, losses in elephant numbers accelerated, and savannah populations from Cameroon to Somalia experienced a decline of 80%. African forest elephants had a total loss of 43%. Population trends in southern Africa were mixed, with anecdotal reports of losses in Zambia, Mozambique and Angola while populations grew in Botswana and Zimbabwe and were stable in.

Elephant. South Africa. Conversely, studies in 2005 and 2007 found populations in eastern and southern Africa were increasing by an average annual rate of 4.0%. The IUCN estimated that total population in Africa is estimated at around to 415,000 individuals for both species combined as of 2016.African elephants receive at least some legal protection in every country where they are found, but 70% of their range exists outside protected areas. Successful conservation efforts in certain areas have led to high population densities. As of 2008, local numbers were controlled by contraception or translocation. Large-scale cullings ceased in 1988 when Zimbabwe abandoned.

Elephant. be around 40,000–50,000, although this may be a loose estimate. Around 60% of the population is in India. Although Asian elephants are declining in numbers overall, particularly in Southeast Asia, the population in the Western Ghats appears to be increasing.## Threats.The poaching of elephants for their ivory, meat and hides has been one of the major threats to their existence. Historically, numerous cultures made ornaments and other works of art from elephant ivory, and its use rivalled that of gold. The ivory trade contributed to the African elephant population decline in the late 20th century. This prompted international bans on.

Elephant. riding on them or to pin the soldier to the ground and impale him.One of the earliest references to war elephants is in the Indian epic "Mahabharata" (written in the 4th century BC, but said to describe events between the 11th and 8th centuries BC). They were not used as much as horse-drawn chariots by either the Pandavas or Kauravas. During the Magadha Kingdom (which began in the 6th century BC), elephants began to achieve greater cultural importance than horses, and later Indian kingdoms used war elephants extensively; 3,000 of them were used in the Nandas (5th and 4th centuries.

Elephant. BC) army while 9,000 may have been used in the Mauryan army (between the 4th and 2nd centuries BC). The "Arthashastra" (written around 300 BC) advised the Mauryan government to reserve some forests for wild elephants for use in the army, and to execute anyone who killed them. From South Asia, the use of elephants in warfare spread west to Persia and east to Southeast Asia. The Persians used them during the Achaemenid Empire (between the 6th and 4th centuries BC) while Southeast Asian states first used war elephants possibly as early as the 5th century BC and continued to.

Elephant. an overabundance of the animals.Keeping elephants in zoos has met with some controversy. Proponents of zoos argue that they offer researchers easy access to the animals and provide money and expertise for preserving their natural habitats, as well as safekeeping for the species. Critics claim that the animals in zoos are under physical and mental stress. Elephants have been recorded displaying stereotypical behaviours in the form of swaying back and forth, trunk swaying, or route tracing. This has been observed in 54% of individuals in UK zoos. Elephants in European zoos appear to have shorter lifespans than their wild counterparts.

Elephant. after cullings in the 1970s and 1980s. Because of the timing, these attacks have been interpreted as vindictive. In parts of India, male elephants regularly enter villages at night, destroying homes and killing people. Elephants killed around 300 people between 2000 and 2004 in Jharkhand while in Assam, 239 people were reportedly killed between 2001 and 2006.Local people have reported their belief that some elephants were drunk during their attacks, although officials have disputed this explanation. Purportedly drunk elephants attacked an Indian village a second time in December 2002, killing six people, which led to the killing of about 200.

Elephant. no similar animals familiar to Western audiences. The use of the elephant as a symbol of the U.S. Republican Party began with an 1874 cartoon by Thomas Nast. As characters, elephants are most common in children's stories, in which they are generally cast as models of exemplary behaviour. They are typically surrogates for humans with ideal human values. Many stories tell of isolated young elephants returning to a close-knit community, such as "The Elephant's Child" from Rudyard Kipling's "Just So Stories", Disney's "Dumbo," and Kathryn and Byron Jackson's "The Saggy Baggy Elephant". Other elephant heroes given human qualities include Jean.


Question: What is the source that produces this food?

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

Sunflower seed. The sunflower seed is the seed of the sunflower ("Helianthus annuus"). There are three types of commonly used sunflower seeds: linoleic (most common), high oleic, and sunflower oil seeds. Each variety has its own unique levels of monounsaturated, saturated, and polyunsaturated fats. The information in this article refers mainly to the linoleic variety.For commercial purposes, sunflower seeds are usually classified by the pattern on their husks. If the husk is solid black, the seeds are called black oil sunflower seeds. The crops may be referred to as oilseed sunflower crops. These seeds are usually pressed to extract their oil. Striped.

Sunflower seed. sunflower seeds are primarily eaten as a snack food; as a result, they may be called confectionery sunflower seeds.The term "sunflower seed" is actually a misnomer when applied to the seed in its pericarp (hull). Botanically speaking, it is a cypsela. When dehulled, the edible remainder is called the sunflower kernel or heart.## Production.In 2020, global production of sunflower seeds was 50 million tonnes, led by Russia and Ukraine with 53% of the world total combined (table). Argentina, China, and Romania also contributed significant volumes.## Usage.Sunflower seeds are more commonly eaten as a snack than as part of a meal.

Sunflower seed. They can also be used as garnishes or ingredients in various recipes. The seeds may be sold as in-shell seeds or dehulled kernels. The seeds can also be sprouted and eaten in salads.When in-shell seeds are processed, they are first dried. Afterwards, they may also be roasted or dusted with salt or flour for the preservation of flavor.Sunflower seeds sold by the bag are either eaten plain, salted (sometimes called 'plain') or with flavoring added by the manufacturer. Flavor examples include barbecue, pickle, hot sauce, bacon, ranch, and nacho cheese.In-shell, sunflower seeds are particularly popular in Mediterranean, Eastern European, and.

Sunflower seed. Asian countries where they can be bought freshly roasted and are commonly consumed as street food, the hull being cracked open with the teeth and spat out, while in many countries, they can be bought freshly packed in various roasted flavors. In the United States, they are commonly eaten by baseball players as an alternative to chewing tobacco.Mechanically dehulled kernels are sold raw or roasted and are sometimes added to bread and other baked goods for their flavor. Sunflower seed brittle is produced by embedding the kernels in hard sugar candy. In Belarus, Russia, Ukraine and Romania, roasted ground seeds.

Sunflower seed. are used to make a type of halva. Sunflower butter is similar to peanut butter, but uses sunflower seeds instead of peanuts, and is a common substitute in schools for children with nut allergies. Sunflower seeds are also used as food for pets and wild birds.## Nutrition.In a 100-gram serving, dried whole sunflower seeds provide 584 calories and are composed of 5% water, 20% carbohydrates, 51% total fat and 21% protein (table). The seeds are a rich source (20% or higher of the Daily Value, DV) of protein (42% DV), dietary fiber (36% DV), many B vitamins (23–129% DV) and.

Sunflower seed. vitamin E (234% DV). The seeds also contain high levels of dietary minerals, including magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, iron and zinc (40–94% DV).Half of a 100-gram serving is fat, mainly monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, principally linoleic acid. Additionally, the seeds contain phytosterols which may contribute toward lower levels of blood cholesterol.## Pressed oil.Over the decades, sunflower oil has become popular worldwide. The oil may be used as is, or may be processed into polyunsaturated margarines. The oil is typically extracted by applying great pressure to the sunflower seeds and collecting the oil. The protein-rich cake remaining after the seeds have been.

Sunflower seed. processed for oil is used as livestock feed.The original sunflower oil (linoleic sunflower oil) is high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (about 68% linoleic acid) and low in saturated fats, such as palmitic acid and stearic acid. However, various hybrids have been developed to alter the fatty acid profile of the crop for various purposes.## Hulls.The hulls, or shells, mostly composed of cellulose, decompose slowly and may be burned as biomass fuel. Sunflower hulls of the cultivated sunflower ("Helianthus annuus") contain allelopathic compounds which are toxic to grasses and the vast majority of cultivated garden plants. Only a small number of.

Sunflower seed. garden plants, such as day lilies, are unaffected by the allelopathic compounds found in sunflower hulls. List of edible seeds David Sunflower Seeds.


Question: What country does this building belong to?

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Venetian Towers. The Venetian Towers (in Catalan: "Torres Venecianes") is the popular name for a pair of towers on Avinguda de la Reina Maria Cristina at its junction with Plaça d'Espanya in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. There is one tower on either side of the street.The towers are 47m high, with a 7.2 metres square cross-section. The bottom section of each is built of artificial stone, the main section of red brick, and the top section is a colonnaded viewing gallery built of artificial stone, and topped by a pyramidal copper roof. They were modelled on the campanile of St. Mark's Basilica in.


Question: What equipment or engine is used by this vehicle to provide power?

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Dodge Caliber. A-Class. It uses a four-cylinder 1.8-2.4 L "World" gasoline engine, designed jointly by Chrysler, Mitsubishi, and Hyundai.The car features an optional electronically controlled all-wheel drive system with variable torque at speeds of 25 to 65 (mph) for optimal handling.The Caliber uses a heavily modified GS platform, co-designed with Mitsubishi Motors. The modified GS platform is now called the JS platform by Chrysler for mid-size cars and PM/MK for compact cars. It shares a portion of the platform with the Mitsubishi Lancer, but is most similar to the Jeep Compass and Jeep Patriot. The Caliber wheels have a 5-hole pattern with.


Question: Who designed this building?

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Palau Nacional. The (Catalan for ‘National Palace’) is a building on the hill of Montjuïc in Barcelona. It was the main site of the 1929 International Exhibition. It was designed by Eugenio Cendoya and Enric Catà under the supervision of Pere Domènech i Roura. Since 1934 it has been home to the National Art Museum of Catalonia.With a ground surface of 32,000 m2, the Spanish Renaissance-inspired building has a rectangular floor plan flanked by two side and one rear square sections, with an elliptical dome in the centre. The fountains by the staircases leading to the palace are the work of Carles.

Palau Nacional. design was one of a neoclassical style with a central cupola.Eugenio Cendoya and Enric Catà: The winning project (see below for more details).Nicolau Maria Rubió i Tudurí, Ramon Reventós and Francesc Folguera: Their design attempted to harmonize with the palaces constructed by Puig i Cadafalch. Curiously, this project and that of Eduardo Fernandez were the only ones which did not feature in the magazine "Arquitectura", which published the results of the competition and their illustrations.Ramon Térmens Mauri: One of the most disparate projects presented in relation to that designed by Puig i Cadafalch, it proposed the main façade be on.

Palau Nacional. the street of the stadium instead of facing Plaça Espanya. The Great Hall has a cruciform plan, with large vaults and a central dome.Jaume Santomà and Mariano Romaní: The youngest architects of all the entries. Romaní was said to have not yet completed his architectural studies at the time. Their proposal was clearly based on that of Puig i Cadafalch, but with easier construction solutions. They received second prize.The winning proposal was that of Eugenio Cendoya and Enric Catà, with honorable mentions given to Salvador Soteras and Santomà i Romaní. The president of the presiding jury was the then-mayor of.

Palau Nacional. II and the Duchess of AlbaQuevedo on the Steps of San FelipeCharles IIIInauguration of the first Barcelona-Mataró railway## Restoration.Architects Eugenio Cendoya, Enric Catà and Pere Domènech i Roura constructed Palau Nacional as a temporary building for the Exhibition of 1929. The speed of the construction and the modesty of the materials used meant that a restoration of the structure was called for in 1934, when it became the National Art Museum of Catalonia. It was the ground floor rooms which underwent the most important transformation. The architect Ramon Reventós was appointed in charge of the renovation, in which they removed.


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Predjama Castle. Predjama Castle ( or , German: "", ) is a Renaissance castle built within a cave mouth in south-central Slovenia, in the historical region of Inner Carniola. It is located in the village of Predjama, approximately 11 kilometres from the town of Postojna and 9 kilometres from Postojna Cave.## History of the castle.The castle was first mentioned in 1274 with the German name "Luegg", when the Patriarch of Aquileia built the castle in Gothic style. The castle was built under a natural rocky arch high in the stone wall to make access to it difficult. It was later acquired and.

Predjama Castle. the vengeance of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III, Erasmus reached the family fortress of Predjama. From there, he allied himself with King Matthias Corvinus and began to attack Habsburg estates and towns in Carniola. The emperor commissioned the governor of Trieste, Andrej Ravbar, with the capture or killing of Erasmus. Erasmus was killed after a long siege. According to a popular but unfounded legend, Erasmus was betrayed by one of his men and was killed by a shot from a cannon in his lavatory.## After the reconstruction.After the siege and destruction of the original castle, its ruins were acquired.

Predjama Castle. by the Oberburg family. In 1511, the second castle, built by the Purgstall family in the first decade of the 16th century, was destroyed in an earthquake. In the year 1567, Archduke Charles of Austria leased the castle to Baron Philipp von Cobenzl, who paid it off after 20 years. In 1570, the current castle was built in the Renaissance style, pressed next to a vertical cliff under the original medieval fortification. The castle has remained in this form, virtually unchanged, to the present day.In the 18th century, it became one of the favourite summer residences of the Cobenzl family.

Predjama Castle. 25 meters away from the cliff's edge. This shaft allowed Erasmus to secretly supply the castle with food in the time of the siege; he also used it to continue with his robberies. Predjama Castle. Postojna Cave. Virtual panoramas of Predjama castle. Burger.si.


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Hammershus. a number of successive struggles between the kings of Denmark versus the Archbishopric, the fortress served as a refuge for the Archbishops including Bishop Jens Grand. It was conquered by the king's army on a number of occasions, e.g. 1259, 1265, 1319, and 1325. In 1521, it was taken by king Christian II, who used it to imprison Bishop Jens Andersen Beldenak of Funen. The fortress was conquered by forces of Lübeck the same year.In 1658, Hammershus was occupied by Swedish forces, but a rebellion on the island terminated the Swedish rule. The rebels, led by Jens Pedersen Kofoed, shot.

Hammershus. the Swedish commandant Johan Printzenskiöld, and the Danish peasants traveled to Copenhagen to return the island to the king of Denmark. Corfitz Ulfeldt and his wife Leonora Christina were imprisoned in Hammershus 1660–1661. In 1743 Hammershus was abandoned as a stronghold. The remains were preserved in 1822. Since the major excavation and restoration work in the late 1800s, there has been a continuous maintenance of the ruins.## Description.Visitors to Hammershus have views of the coastline and the sea surrounding Bornholm. South of the castle is a deep valley, water filled hollows, and dense forest. There are a number points before.

Hammershus. arriving at castle where enemies could be stopped. The castle was built with box-like rooms surrounded by rings of fortifications. Each provided an additional layer of protection from invaders. Two natural spring ponds provided fresh drinking water on the side of the castle.## Art.Because of the unusual light on Bornholm, and because it has only four hours of darkness in summer, many of Denmark's earliest artists chose to paint views of Hammerhus. One of the most notable is by Anton Eduard Kieldrup from 1848, which is on display at the Bornholm Art Museum. "Bornholm Tourist Guide"; personal visits of author.


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Wallace Monument. The National Wallace Monument (generally known as the Wallace Monument) is a 67 metre tower on the shoulder of the Abbey Craig, a hilltop overlooking Stirling in Scotland. It commemorates Sir William Wallace, a 13th- and 14th-century Scottish hero.The tower is open to the public for an admission fee. Visitors approach by foot from the base of the crag on which it stands. On entry there are 246 steps to the final observation platform, with three exhibition rooms within the body of the tower. The tower is not accessible to disabled visitors.## Background.The tower was constructed following a fundraising campaign,.

Wallace Monument. first heroines to be celebrated in the hall.## Statue of Wallace.The original Victorian statue of Wallace stands on the corner of the monument and is by the Edinburgh sculptor David Watson Stevenson.## "Braveheart" statue.In 1996 Tom Church carved a statue of Wallace called "Freedom", which was inspired by the film "Braveheart". It has the face of Mel Gibson, the actor who played William Wallace in the film. Church leased the statue to Stirling Council, who in 1997 installed it in the car park of the visitor centre at the foot of the craig. The statue was deeply unpopular, being described.

Wallace Monument. decapitated governor of York. In April 2016, it was reported in local press that the statue might be moved to Ardrossan's old Barony Church. In September 2021, it was moved to Glebe Park stadium in Brechin.Statue of William Wallace, AberdeenWallace's Monument, AyrshireStatue of William Wallace, BemersydeWallace's Monument at ElderslieNational Monument of ScotlandIn Stirling's page on the monument.


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Jigsaw puzzle. A jigsaw puzzle is a tiling puzzle that requires the assembly of often irregularly shaped interlocking and mosaiced pieces, each of which typically has a portion of a picture. When assembled, the puzzle pieces produce a complete picture.In the 18th century, jigsaw puzzles were created by painting a picture on a flat, rectangular piece of wood, then cutting it into small pieces. Despite the name, a jigsaw was never used. John Spilsbury, a London cartographer and engraver, is credited with commercialising jigsaw puzzles around 1760. They have since come to be made primarily of cardboard.Typical images on jigsaw puzzles include.

Jigsaw puzzle. be attached to a backing with adhesive and displayed as art.## History.John Spilsbury is believed to have produced the first jigsaw puzzle around 1760, using a marquetry saw.Early puzzles, known as dissections, were produced by mounting maps on sheets of hardwood and cutting along national boundaries, creating a puzzle useful for teaching geography. Royal governess Lady Charlotte Finch used such "dissected maps" to teach the children of King George III and Queen Charlotte Cardboard jigsaw puzzles appeared in the late 1800s, but were slow to replace wooden ones because manufacturers felt that cardboard puzzles would be perceived as low-quality, and.


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Hill of Crosses. is said to have received his stigmata. In May 2013, Šiauliai District Municipality adopted rules regarding the placement of crosses. People are allowed to erect wooden crosses less than 3 (m) in height with no permits.In December 2019, a tourist from China removed and tossed away a cross believed to be set up by the Hong Kong pro-democracy camp. She later condemned the protesters in a Twitter post and in an Instagram video saying, "We have done a good thing today. Our motherland is great." Lithuanian Foreign Minister Linas Linkevičius condemned the woman's action in a tweet that called it.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this animal?

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Allis shad. The allis shad ("Alosa alosa") is a widespread Northeast Atlantic species of fish in the herring family, Clupeidae. It is an anadromous fish which migrates into fresh water to spawn. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the western Baltic Sea and the western Mediterranean Sea. In appearance it resembles an Atlantic herring but has a distinctive dark spot behind the gill cover and sometimes a row of up to six spots behind this. It sometimes hybridises with the twait shad ("A. fallax"). This fish becomes mature when three or more years old and migrates to estuaries, later swimming.

Allis shad. occurs just behind the gill cover, and occasionally one to six smaller spots behind that. The adult length is typically 30 to 60 (cm).## Distribution.The allis shad is found in the eastern Atlantic in waters bordering most of Europe and northwestern Africa, and it enters to the western Baltic and western Mediterranean Seas, but it is rare outside France.## Biology and lifecycle."Alosa alosa" has a similar lifecycle to that of the twait shad "A. fallax". They are known to live in sympatry, and the two species can hybridize. They are anadromous species like many other species in the genus "Alosa".

Allis shad. However, some record of them being landlocked suggests an ability to adapt well to their environment.They primarily live at sea on feeding grounds and migrate to their spawning grounds between April and June once they are sexually mature. Maturity usually ranges from 3–7 years of age. "A. alosa" can usually only reproduce once in their lifetimes. Juveniles appear in estuaries and brackish water around July to August. The salinity of brackish water may pose problems to the juveniles migrating from fresh water.## Population reduction.Populations have been reduced primarily by overfishing, pollution, and habitat destruction. The estuarine phase, or the time.

Allis shad. that they are in the estuaries migrating from spawning grounds to sea, is estimated to have a duration in "A. alosa" of up to six months. The estimate, however, does not take into account individual variation and/or survival of juveniles in the estuarine phase.## Conservation.Four special areas of conservation have been designated in Ireland where "Alosa" species have been known to spawn. "Alosa alosa" "has been placed in Appendix III of the Bern Convention (1979) that lists protected fauna species as well as in Appendix II and V of the European Community Habitats Directive (1992) that list, respectively, species whose.

Allis shad. conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation and that are subject to management measures." However, "A. alosa" is currently under a moratorium (2008) in numerous French watersheds. EU LIFE-Project: The re-introduction of allis shad ("Alosa alosa") in the Rhine system.


Question: What is the basionym of this plant?

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Calystegia sepium. Calystegia sepium (hedge bindweed, Rutland beauty, bugle vine, heavenly trumpets, bellbind, granny-pop-out-of-bed and many others) is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae. It has a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout temperate regions of the North and South hemispheres.## Description.It is an herbaceous perennial that twines around other plants, in a counter-clockwise direction, to a height of up to 2 - 4 (m), rarely 5 (m). The pale matte green leaves are arranged spirally, simple, pointed at the tip and are arrowhead shaped, 5–10 (cm) long and 3–7 (cm) broad.The flowers are white, or pale pink with five darker stripes,.

Calystegia sepium. in hedges, fields, borders, roadsides and open woods.Hedge bindweed is toxic, containing calystegine alkaloids.## Identification.There are several species of "Calystegia" which and occur in similar habitats and can be difficult to distinguish, especially when not in flower. It is common practice in Britain to treat "C. sepium", "C. silvatica" and "C. pulchra" as an aggregate, usually recorded as ""C. sepium" agg.", whenever identification is uncertain. The use of this term sometimes creates confusion about which taxon is being discussed.The best way to separate hedge bindweed ("sepium") from the other taxa is by the bracteoles, which subtend the flower and wholly.


Question: What is the source of energy of this equipment?

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Chainsaw. A chainsaw (or chain saw) is a portable gasoline-, electric-, or battery-powered saw that cuts with a set of teeth attached to a rotating chain driven along a guide bar. It is used in activities such as tree felling, limbing, bucking, pruning, cutting firebreaks in wildland fire suppression, and harvesting of firewood. Chainsaws with specially designed bar-and-chain combinations have been developed as tools for use in chainsaw art and chainsaw mills. Specialized chainsaws are used for cutting concrete during construction developments. Chainsaws are sometimes used for cutting ice; for example, ice sculpture and winter swimming in Finland.## History.## In surgery.The.

Chainsaw. to Samuel J. Bens of San Francisco on January 17, 1905, his intent being to fell giant redwoods. The first portable chainsaw was developed and patented in 1918 by Canadian millwright James Shand. After he allowed his rights to lapse in 1930, his invention was further developed by what became the German company Festo in 1933. The company, now operating as Festool, produces portable power tools. Other important contributors to the modern chainsaw are Joseph Buford Cox and Andreas Stihl; the latter patented and developed an electric chainsaw for use on bucking sites in 1926 and a gasoline-powered chainsaw in.

Chainsaw. 1929, and founded a company to mass-produce them. In 1927, Emil Lerp, the founder of Dolmar, developed the world's first gasoline-powered chainsaw and mass-produced them.World War II interrupted the supply of German chain saws to North America, so new manufacturers sprang up, including Industrial Engineering Ltd (IEL) in 1939, the forerunner of Pioneer Saws Ltd and part of Outboard Marine Corporation, the oldest manufacturer of chainsaws in North America.In 1944, Claude Poulan was supervising German prisoners cutting pulpwood in East Texas. Poulan utilized an old truck fender and fashioned it into a curved piece utilized to guide the chain. The.

Chainsaw. man-powered saws in forestry. They are made in many sizes, from small electric saws intended for home and garden use, to large "lumberjack" saws. Members of military engineer units are trained to use chainsaws, as are firefighters to fight forest fires and to ventilate structure fires.Three main types of chainsaw sharpeners are used: handheld file, electric chainsaw, and bar-mounted.The first electric chainsaw was invented by Stihl in 1926. Corded chainsaws became available for sale to the public from the 1960s onwards, but these were never as successful commercially as the older gas-powered type due to limited range, dependency upon the.

Chainsaw. presence of an electrical socket, plus the health and safety risk of the blade's proximity to the cable.For most of the early 21st century petrol driven chainsaws remained the most common type, but they faced competition from cordless lithium battery powered chainsaws from the late 2010s onwards. Although most cordless chainsaws are small and suitable only for hedge trimming and tree surgery, Husqvarna and Stihl began manufacturing full size chainsaws for cutting logs during the early 2020s. Battery powered chainsaws should eventually see increased market share in California due to state restrictions planned to take effect in 2024 on gas.

Chainsaw. powered gardening equipment.## Construction.A chainsaw consists of several parts:## Engine.Chainsaw engines are traditionally either a two-stroke gasoline (petrol) internal combustion engine (usually with a cylinder volume of 30 to 120 cm3) or an electric motor driven by a battery or electric power cord. In a petrol chainsaw, fuel is generally supplied to the engine by a carburetor at the intake.To allow use in any orientation, modern gas chainsaws use a diaphragm carburetor, which draws fuel from the tank using the alternating pressure differential within the crankcase. Early engines used carburetors with gravity fed float chambers, which caused the engine to.

Chainsaw. the garment.## Maintenance.Two-stroke chainsaws require about 2–5% of oil in the fuel to lubricate the engine, while the motor in electrical chain-saws is normally lubricated for life. Most modern gasoline-operated saws today require a fuel mix of 2% (1:50). Gasoline that contains ethanol can result in problems for the equipment because ethanol dissolves plastic, rubber, and other material. This leads to problems, especially on older equipment. A workaround for this problem is to run fresh fuel only and run the saw dry at the end of the work.Separate chain oil or bar oil is used for the lubrication of the.

Chainsaw. or steel spring was introduced. Heated handles are additional help. Newer, lighter, and easier to wield cordless electric chainsaws use brushless motors, which further decrease noise and vibration compared to traditional petroleum-powered models.The risks associated with chainsaw use mean that protective clothing such as chainsaw boots, chaps, and hearing protectors are normally worn while operating them, and many jurisdictions require that operators be certified or licensed to work with chainsaws. Injury can also result if the chain breaks during operation due to poor maintenance or attempting to cut inappropriate materials.Gasoline-powered chainsaws expose operators to harmful carbon monoxide gas, especially indoors.

Chainsaw. to cut bulk wood into planks or boards. Such usage is called a chainsaw mill or Alaskan sawmill.## Cutting stone, concrete, and brick.Special chainsaws can cut concrete, brick, and natural stone. These use similar chains to ordinary chainsaws, but with cutting edges embedded with diamond grit. They may use gasoline or hydraulic power, and the chain is lubricated with water, because of high friction and to remove stone dust. The machine is used in construction, for example, in cutting deep, square holes in walls or floors, in stone sculpture for removing large chunks of stone during pre-carving, by fire departments.


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Palace of Justice, Bucharest. The Palace of Justice (), located in Bucharest, Romania, was designed by the architects Albert Ballu and Ion Mincu and built between 1890 and 1895. The foundation stone was laid by King Carol I of Romania on October 7, 1890. The façade of the building is adorned with several statues representing allegories: Law, Justice, Justice, Truth, Force, and Prudence; the statues are the work of sculptors Carol Storck and Frederic Storck.Located on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, the palace houses the Bucharest Court of Appeal, the Sector 5 Court, the National Union of Romanian Bars, and the Bucharest Bar.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Paper mulberry. The paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera, syn. "Morus papyrifera" L.) is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae. It is native to Asia, where its range includes Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, Myanmar, and India. It is widely cultivated elsewhere and it grows as an introduced species in parts of Europe, the United States, and Africa. Other common names include tapa cloth tree.## Origin.Paper mulberry was used among ancient Austronesians in making barkcloth. It originates from subtropical regions in mainland Asia and is one of the best examples for the mainstream "Out of Taiwan" hypothesis of the Austronesian.


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Proboscis bat. The proboscis bat ("Rhynchonycteris naso") is a species of bat found in South America and Central America. Other common names include Long-nosed proboscis bat, sharp-nosed bat, Brazilian long-nosed bat. and river bat It is the only species in the genus Rhynchonycteris.This species is in the family Emballonuridae, the sac-winged or sheath-tailed bats. Like most bats, it is nocturnal. It is found from southern Mexico to Belize, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil, as well as in Trinidad.## Characteristics.This is a small bat, around 6 (cm) long and 4 (g) in weight. Males in northern South America were found to average 56.48 millimeters.

Proboscis bat. long, females 59.18. The tail is about 1.6 centimeters long. Pregnant females can weigh up to 6 grams. The species is characterized by its long, fleshy, and pointed nose. Its fur is soft and dense and is brownish-grey in color, with two white stripes down the back. Whether these stripes serve a purpose, such as camouflage or attraction of mates, is unknown. This bat also has gray tufts of fur on the forearms. No matter what time of day these features may make the bat difficult to see.## Habitat.This species is found in the lowlands of the northern half of.

Proboscis bat. South America, throughout Central America, and into southeastern Mexico. From Ecuador south, it is limited to east of the Andes; its range extends south to the northern half of Bolivia and much of Brazil. It seldom occurs above 300 (m) in elevation. It usually lives around wetlands and is frequently found in riparian forests, pastures swamps, and all near water.## Habits.Proboscis bats live in groups. The colonies are usually between five and ten individuals, and very rarely exceed forty. The bats are nocturnal, sleeping during the day in an unusual formation: they line up, one after another, on a branch.

Proboscis bat. or wooden beam, nose to tail, in a straight row.A colony of proboscis bats usually has a regular feeding area, typically a small patch of water. Here the bats catch insects (in the form of midges [including chironomids], mosquitoes, beetles, and caddisflies) using echolocation. They have no specific breeding season, forming stable year-round harems. One young is born per female. Both sexes disperse after weaning at around 2–4 months.This small species of bat has been found to occasionally fall prey to the large spider "Argiope savignyi".


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Statue of Zeus at Olympia. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a giant seated figure, about 12.4 (m) tall, made by the Greek sculptor Phidias around 435 BC at the sanctuary of Olympia, Greece, and erected in the Temple of Zeus there. Zeus is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the gods of Mount Olympus.The statue was a chryselephantine sculpture of ivory plates and gold panels on a wooden framework. Zeus sat on a painted cedarwood throne ornamented with ebony, ivory, gold, and precious stones. It was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. The statue was lost and destroyed during the 5th century AD; details of its form are known only from ancient Greek descriptions and representations on coins.## History.The statue of Zeus was commissioned by the Eleans, custodians of the Olympic Games, in the latter half of the fifth century BC for their newly constructed Temple of Zeus. Seeking to outdo their Athenian rivals, the Eleans employed sculptor Phidias, who had previously made the massive statue of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon.The statue occupied half the width of the aisle of the temple built to house it. The geographer Strabo noted early.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. in the 1st century BC that the statue gave "the impression that if Zeus arose and stood erect he would unroof the temple." The "Zeus" was a chryselephantine sculpture, made with ivory and gold panels on a wooden substructure. No copy in marble or bronze has survived, though there are recognizable but only approximate versions on coins of nearby Elis and on Roman coins and engraved gems.The 2nd-century AD geographer and traveler Pausanias left a detailed description: the statue was crowned with a sculpted wreath of olive sprays and wore a gilded robe made from glass and carved with animals.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. and lilies. Its right hand held a small chryselephantine statue of crowned Nike, goddess of victory; its left a scepter inlaid with many metals, supporting an eagle. The throne featured painted figures and wrought images and was decorated with gold, precious stones, ebony, and ivory. Zeus' golden sandals rested upon a footstool decorated with an Amazonomachy in relief. The passage underneath the throne was restricted by painted screens.Pausanias also recounts that the statue was kept constantly coated with olive oil to counter the harmful effect on the ivory caused by the "marshiness" of the Altis grove. The floor in front.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. of the image was paved with black tiles and surrounded by a raised rim of marble to contain the oil. This reservoir acted as a reflecting pool which doubled the apparent height of the statue.According to the Roman historian Livy, the Roman general Aemilius Paullus (the victor over Macedon) saw the statue and "was moved to his soul, as if he had seen the god in person", while the 1st-centuryAD Greek orator Dio Chrysostom declared that a single glimpse of the statue would make a man forget all his earthly troubles.According to a legend, when Phidias was asked what inspired.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. him—whether he climbed Mount Olympus to see Zeus, or whether Zeus came down from Olympus so that Phidias could see him—the artist answered that he portrayed Zeus according to Book One, verses 528–530 of Homer's "Iliad": The sculptor also was reputed to have immortalised Pantarkes, the winner of the boys' wrestling event at the eighty-sixth Olympiad who was said to have been his "beloved" (), by carving ("Pantarkes is beautiful") into Zeus's little finger, and by placing a relief of the boy crowning himself at the feet of the statue.According to Pausanias, "when the image was quite finished Pheidias prayed.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. the god to show by a sign whether the work was to his liking. Immediately, runs the legend, a thunderbolt fell on that part of the floor where down to the present day the bronze jar stood to cover the place."## Loss and destruction.According to Roman historian Suetonius, the Roman Emperor Caligula gave orders that "such statues of the gods as were especially famous for their sanctity or their artistic merit, including that of Jupiter at Olympia, should be brought from Greece, in order to remove their heads and put his own in their place." The emperor was assassinated before.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. this could happen, in 41 AD; his death was supposedly foretold by the statue, which "suddenly uttered such a peal of laughter that the scaffolding collapsed and the workmen took to their heels."In 391 AD, the Christian Roman emperor Theodosius I banned participation in pagan cults and closed the temples. The sanctuary at Olympia fell into disuse. The circumstances of the statue's eventual destruction are unknown. The 11th-century Byzantine historian Georgios Kedrenos records a tradition that it was carried off to Constantinople, where it was destroyed in the great fire of the Palace of Lausus, in 475 AD. Alternatively, the.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. statue perished along with the temple, which was severely damaged by fire in 425 AD. But earlier loss or damage is implied by Lucian of Samosata in the later 2nd century, who referenced it in "Timon": "they have laid hands on your person at Olympia, my lord High-Thunderer, and you had not the energy to wake the dogs or call in the neighbours; surely they might have come to the rescue and caught the fellows before they had finished packing up the loot."## Phidias' workshop.The approximate date of the statue (the third quarter of the 5th century BC) was confirmed.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. in the rediscovery (1954–1958) of Phidias' workshop, approximately where Pausanias said the statue of Zeus was constructed. Archaeological finds included tools for working gold and ivory, ivory chippings, precious stones and terracotta moulds. Most of the latter were used to create glass plaques, and to form the statue's robe from sheets of glass, naturalistically draped and folded, then gilded. A cup inscribed "ΦΕΙΔΙΟΥ ΕΙΜΙ" or "I belong to Phidias" was found at the site.List of tallest statues"George Washington", 1840 statue Kenneth D. S. Lapatin, "Chryselephantine Statuary in the Ancient Mediterranean World," Oxford University Press (2001) Alfred Mallwitz and Wolfgang Schiering,.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. "Die Werkstatt des Pheidias in Olympia I: Olympische Forschungen V," Berlin: Walter de Gruyter (1964) Wolfgang Schiering, "Die Werkstatt des Pheidias in Olympia II: Werkstattfunde: Olympische Forschungen XVIII", Berlin: Walter de Gruyter (1991) Janette McWilliam, Rashna Taraporewalla, Tom Stevenson, and Sonia Puttock (Ed.), "The Statue of Zeus at Olympia. New Approaches". Cambridge, Cambridge Scholars Publishing (2011)Barringer, Judith M. 2010. "Zeus at Olympia." In "The gods of ancient Greece: Identities and transformations." Edited by Jan Bremmer and Andrew Erskine, 155–77. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press.Boardman, John. 1985. "Greek sculpture: The Classical period." London: Thames & Hudson.Lapatin, Kenneth D. S. 2001. "Chryselephantine statuary.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. in the ancient Mediterranean world." Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.McWilliam, Janette. 2011. "The statue of Zeus at Olympia in Western imagination via the Internet." In "The statue of Zeus at Olympia: New approaches." Edited by Janette McWilliam, Sonia Puttock, Tom Stevenson, and Rashna Taraporewalla, 209–22. Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars.Palagia, Olga, and J. J. Pollitt, eds. 1996. "Personal styles in Greek sculpture." Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.World History Encyclopedia - Statue of Zeus at OlympiaColin Delaney, "A Wonder to Behold: The Statue of Olympian Zeus"Archaeopaedia: Statue of Zeus With bibliography(Ellen Papakyriakou) Olympia: Art: the chryselephantine statue of ZeusMichael Lahanas,.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this bird?

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Least grebe. The least grebe ("Tachybaptus dominicus"), an aquatic bird, is the smallest member of the grebe family. It occurs in the New World from the southwestern United States and Mexico to Argentina, and also on Trinidad and Tobago, the Bahamas and the Greater Antilles.## Description.The least grebe ranges in length from 21 – 27 (cm) (depending on the subspecies) and in weight from 112 – 180 (g). Weights are variable based on region and subspecies, being smaller in Panama, where males weighed a mean of 129 (g) against the females 116 (g) and larger in the West Indies, where the sexes.

Least grebe. is found in the northern Caribbean, including the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands and southern Florida. "T. d. brachyrhynchus" or "T. d. speciosus" – : is found in South America, from Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago south to northern Argentina and southern Brazil. "T. d. eisenmanni" – : is restricted to the lowlands of western Ecuador. This subspecies is not recognized by all authorities.Its genus name, "Tachybaptus", is a combination of two Greek words—"takhus" meaning fast and "baptos" meaning diving, or sinking under. The specific name "dominicus" refers to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, which was formerly known as Santo.

Least grebe. Domingo. As its English name suggests, the least grebe is overall the smallest member of the grebe family. It is the only member of its genus found in the New World; the four other members of the genus "Tachybaptus" reside in the Old World and Australasia.## Habitat and range.Least grebes are found in a wide variety of wetland habitats, including freshwater ponds, lakes, and marshes, slow-flowing streams and rivers, roadside ditches, and mangrove swamps. In general, they prefer bodies of water with significant amounts of vegetative cover, particularly along the edges; they will even use wetlands which are almost completely.


Question: Which city or region does this event locate in?

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Maryland State Fair. Maryland. Despite its success, the Lutherville Fair was short-lived because an extension of the Northern Central Railroad (the former Baltimore and Susquehanna Railroad) was being constructed through the middle of the fairgrounds.Their success in Lutherville, however, gave the operators resolve to establish an annual fair, and in December 1878, they incorporated as the Agricultural Society of Baltimore County. The corporation leased a 37 (acre) plot of land on the old Baltimore and York Turnpike on what was then known as "the Timonium Estate." The first Fair at its new home was held September 9–12, 1879. The Northern Central Railroad, the.

Maryland State Fair. diesel buses brought visitors to the Fair in addition to the thousands of cars parked on acres of lots around the grounds for that last week of summer.Late in the century, The Agricultural Society of Baltimore County faced stiff competition from the nearby Pimlico Fair, also referred to as "the State Fair". Ultimately, the two groups held joint fairs in 1894 and 1897, and in 1906, merged to form one corporation - "the Maryland State Fair and Agricultural Society of Baltimore County, Maryland". Their annual Fair then became known as "The Maryland State Fair".The early years at the Fair saw.

Maryland State Fair. Fair was interrupted because of the war effort in World War II. The fairgrounds were leased to the U.S. Army for a storage depot and a vehicle repair center. After a three-year suspension, the Fair reopened its gates in 1946.In 1999, the Fair added another day, making the Fair now an 11-day event.In 2020, the fair was restricted to private livestock and other virtual shows due to the COVID-19 pandemic.## Timonium Race Track.In the 1950s, growth in population and development in increasingly suburban Baltimore County flourished, and certain business interests wanted to purchase the fairgrounds site for industrial development. The.


Question: Which city or region does this building locate in?

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Brooklands. Brooklands was a 2.767 (mi) motor racing circuit and aerodrome built near Weybridge in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. It opened in 1907 and was the world's first purpose-built 'banked' motor racing circuit as well as one of Britain's first airfields, which also became Britain's largest aircraft manufacturing centre by 1918, producing military aircraft such as the Wellington and civil airliners like the Viscount and VC-10.The circuit hosted its last race in August 1939 and today part of it forms the Brooklands Museum, a major aviation and motoring museum, as well as a venue for vintage car, motorcycle and other transport-related.

Brooklands. original track using Scalextric. The show featured May's attempt to lay the plastic track through and around the variety of obstacles that have replaced the original track, including a pond, a four-lane road, several houses, fences, and Sony and Procter & Gamble corporate campuses.## Brooklands Museum.In 1987, Brooklands Museum Trust was formed with Sir Peter G Masefield as Chairman, and began to record, research, preserving and interpret all aspects the site's heritage. The Museum project began after a highly successful temporary exhibition about Brooklands was staged in 1977 by Elmbridge Museum in Weybridge and, with support from British Aerospace, Elmbridge.

Brooklands. Heinemann Ltd, 1956 Lynch, Brendan. "Yesterday We Were in America - Alcock and Brown - First to fly the Atlantic non-stop". Yeovil, England: Haynes Publishing, 2009 McSwein, Donald R. "Brooklands Aircraft" (unpublished 1993 research paper - copy held in Brooklands Museum's library) Venables, David. "Brooklands - The Official Centenary History". Yeovil, England: Haynes Publishing, 2007 ) Brooklands Museum Brooklands Trust Members The Brooklands Society Mercedes-Benz World The Heights, Brooklands Brooklands: The crucible of auto racing - Speedhunters article 7/27/1907;The Opening Races And Speed Trials on the New Cement Track of the Brooklands Racing Club At Weybridge, England Historic Purpose Built.


Question: What is the source that produces this material?

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Tortoiseshell. Tortoiseshell or tortoise shell is a material produced from the shells of the larger species of tortoise and turtle, mainly the hawksbill sea turtle, which is a critically endangered species according to the IUCN Red List largely because of its exploitation for this trade. The large size, fine color, and unusual form of the hawksbill's scutes make it especially suitable. The distinctive patterning is referred to in names such as the tortoiseshell cat, several breeds of guinea pig, and the common names of several species of the butterfly genera "Nymphalis" and "Aglais", and some other uses.## Uses.Tortoiseshell was widely used.


Question: Who designed this building?

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Looshaus. The Looshaus is a commercial and residential building at 3, between Herrengasse and , in Vienna. Designed by Adolf Loos and completed in 1912, it is considered a major building of Viennese Modernism.## Building.The modernist design of the Looshaus contrasts with both historicism and the floral ornament of Secessionist architecture. Although functionalist, it is far from purely utilitarian. In particular, it makes use of sumptuous materials. The lower, commercial section of the façade is clad in green Cipollino marble from Euboea, in striking contrast with the simple plaster of the upper, residential section. A colonnade of Tuscan columns was intended.

Looshaus. floors, including apprentice instruction and a private vocational school which shared the top floor.## History.Emanuel Aufricht and Leopold Goldman, the owners of , a men's clothing company with an upper-class clientele, held a design competition for a building to house their sales, manufacturing, and office functions as well as Goldman's private apartment. The competition failed to produce a design that satisfied them, so in 1909 they gave the commission to Adolf Loos, who had been invited to submit a design but had not done so. The building was constructed by , with Ernst Epstein as construction manager. However, although the.

Looshaus. building was affected by a bomb strike on an adjacent building. In 1947 it became a protected monument; it was somewhat unsuccessfully restored in the 1950s and in the 1960s housed a furniture shop. In 1987 the Raiffeisenbank bought it and thoroughly renovated it, restoring the commercial levels to their original appearance.In the early 2000s, "Designzone Looshaus", a facility designed by Paolo Piva for exhibitions and conferences showcasing Austrian design, opened in the basement of the Looshaus. The winners of the biennial are exhibited there. Adolf Loos-Haus, Raffeisenbank, archived on 28 February 2022.


Question: What is the length of a female of this animal in centimetre?

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Sea otter. the late 1980s, the USFWS relocated about 140 southern sea otters to San Nicolas Island in southern California, in the hope of establishing a reserve population should the mainland be struck by an oil spill. To the surprise of biologists, the majority of the San Nicolas sea otters swam back to the mainland. Another group of twenty swam 74 (mi) north to San Miguel Island, where they were captured and removed. By 2005, only 30 sea otters remained at San Nicolas, although they were slowly increasing as they thrived on the abundant prey around the island. The plan that authorized.


Question: What is the hymenium type of this plant?

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Cerioporus squamosus. can be yellow to brown and has "squamules" or scales on its upper side. On the underside one can see the pores that are characteristic of the genus "Cerioporus"; they are made up of tubes packed together closely. The tubes are between 1 and 12 (mm) long. The stalk is thick and short, up to 5 (cm) long. The fruit body will produce a white spore print if laid onto a sheet of paper. The spores are 11-15 x 4-5 µm and are long and smooth ellipsoids. They can be found alone, in clusters of two or three, or forming.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

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Puffbird. The puffbirds and their relatives in the near passerine family Bucconidae are tropical tree-dwelling insectivorous birds that are found from South America up to Mexico. Together with their closest relatives, the jacamars, they form a divergent lineage within the order Piciformes, though the two families are sometimes elevated to a separate order Galbuliformes. Lacking the iridescent colours of the jacamars, puffbirds are mainly brown, rufous or grey, with large heads, large eyes, and flattened bills with a hooked tip. Their loose, abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English name of the.

Puffbird. puffbird and jacamar lineage was in question, with some bone and muscle features suggesting they may be more closely related to the Coraciiformes. However, analysis of nuclear DNA in a 2003 study placed them as sister group to the rest of the Piciformes, also showing that the groups had developed zygodactyl feet (two toes facing forward and two aft) before separating. Per Ericson and colleagues, in analysing genomic DNA, confirmed that puffbirds and jacamars were sister groups and their place in Piciformes. The lineage is sometimes elevated to order level as Galbuliformes, first proposed by Sibley and Ahlquist in 1990.Molecular.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this bird?

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Rufous hummingbird. The rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) is a small hummingbird, about 8 (cm) long with a long, straight and slender bill. These birds are known for their extraordinary flight skills, flying 2000 (mi) during their migratory transits. It is one of nine species in the genus "Selasphorus".## Taxonomy.The rufous hummingbird was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's "Systema Naturae". He placed it with all the other hummingbirds in the genus "Trochilus" and coined the binomial name "Trochilus rufus". Gmelin based his description on the "Ruff-necked humming-bird" that.

Rufous hummingbird. had been described by John Latham in 1782 and the "Ruffed honeysucker" that had been described by Thomas Pennant in 1785. The type locality is Nootka Sound on the west coast of Vancouver Island in western Canada. The rufous hummingbird is now placed with eight other species in the genus "Selasphorus" that was introduced in 1832 by the English naturalist William John Swainson. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek "selas" meaning "light" or "flame" with "-phoros" meaning "-carrying". The specific epithet "rufus" is the Latin word for "red". The species is considered as monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.## Description.The.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this fish?

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Goldfish. The goldfish ("Carassius auratus") is a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. It is commonly kept as a pet in indoor aquariums, and is one of the most popular aquarium fish. Goldfish released into the wild have become an invasive pest in parts of North America.Native to East Asia, the goldfish is a relatively small member of the carp family (which also includes the Prussian carp and the crucian carp). It was first selectively bred for color in imperial China more than 1,000 years ago, and several distinct breeds have since been developed. Goldfish breeds vary greatly.

Goldfish. a tradition for married men to give their wives a goldfish on their first anniversary, as a symbol for the prosperous years to come. This tradition quickly died, as goldfish became more available, losing their status. Goldfish were first introduced to North America around 1850 and quickly became popular in the United States.## Biology.## Taxonomy.There has been considerable debate about the taxonomy of the goldfish. Previously, the goldfish was believed to be either a subspecies of the crucian carp ("Carassius carassius"), or of the Prussian carp ("Carassius gibelio"). However, modern genetic sequencing has suggested otherwise, and that modern goldfish are.

Goldfish. domesticated varieties of "C. auratus" that are native to Southern China. "C. auratus" are differentiated from other "Carassius" species by several characteristics. "C. auratus" have a more pointed snout, while the snout of "C. carassius" is well rounded. "C. gibelio" often has a grayish/greenish color, while crucian carp are always golden bronze. Juvenile crucian carp have a black spot on the base of the tail, which disappears with age. In "C. auratus", this tail spot is never present. "C. auratus" have fewer than 31 scales along the lateral line, while crucian carp have 33 scales or more.Goldfish can hybridize with.

Goldfish. some other "Carassius" species of carp. Koi and common carp may also interbreed with goldfish to produce sterile hybrids.## Size.When kept in small indoor aquariums, goldfish tend to stay about 1 (in) to 2 (in) long. Goldfish may grow larger if moved to bigger fish tanks, but they usually do not grow longer than 6 (in). In outdoor ponds, and in the wild, goldfish can grow to about 14 (in).As of April 2008, the largest goldfish in the world was believed by the BBC to measure 19 (in), in the Netherlands. At the time, a goldfish named "Goldie", kept as.


Question: What country does this forest belong to?

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Ratargul Swamp Forest. Ratargul Swamp Forest is a freshwater swamp forest located in Gowain River, Fatehpur Union, Gowainghat, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Ratargul was once thought to be the only swamp forest in Bangladesh, and one of the few freshwater swamp forests in the world. Later, more swamp forests namely Jugirkandi Mayabon, Bujir Bon and Lokkhi Baor swamp forest were discovered in Bangladesh. The forest is naturally conserved under the Department of Forestry, Government of Bangladesh.Its area is 3, 325.61 acre including 504 acre declared as the animal sanctuary in 2015. It is known as the Sundarbans of Sylhet. This only swamp forest in Bangladesh.

Ratargul Swamp Forest. be found in the forest till now. 80 percent of the forest area is covered with umbrella of the trees.Two layer of plants can be seen in the swamp forest. The upper layer consists of trees and the lower one consists of intense Schumannianthus dichotomus. The canopy of the plants spreads up to 15 meters of height.Though the forest is natural, the Forestry Department of Bangladesh has planted some watery plants like "Calamus tenuis", "Neolamarckia cadamba", "Barringtonia acutangula", "Calamus tenuis". Banyan Tree is very common in the forest. Besides that, "Barringtonia acutangula", "Dalbergia reniformis", "Crateva religiosa" or "Hygrophila (plant)", "Alstonia.

Ratargul Swamp Forest. scholaris" can also be seen.## Animal diversity.Snake and worm snake can widely be seen in this water-drowned forest. Mongoose can be seen in dry season. Monkey and Water Monitor also resides in the forest. Heron, Egret, Kingfisher, Parrot, Bulbul, Swan, Dove, Water fowl, Eagle and Kite Bird are some of the birds of the swamp forest. Cotton Pygmy Goose and other Migratory birds and Vulture visit the forest in winter. Name of some local fishes available in the forest are Batasio, Rita, Pabda, Rohu etc.## Tourists attraction.Tourists mostly go to see the forest in monsoon. One needs to take permission.


Question: In which year was this item invented or discovered?

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Electric motor. issues. As no electricity distribution system was available at the time, no practical commercial market emerged for these motors.After many other more or less successful attempts with relatively weak rotating and reciprocating apparatus Prussian/Russian Moritz von Jacobi created the first real rotating electric motor in May 1834. It developed remarkable mechanical output power. His motor set a world record, which Jacobi improved four years later in September 1838. His second motor was powerful enough to drive a boat with 14 people across a wide river. It was also in 1839/40 that other developers managed to build motors with similar and.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

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Ornithogalum umbellatum. Ornithogalum umbellatum, the garden star-of-Bethlehem, grass lily, nap-at-noon, or eleven-o'clock lady, a species of the genus "Ornithogalum", is a perennial bulbous flowering plant in the asparagus family (Asparagaceae). "O. umbellatum" is a relatively short plant, occurring in tufts of basal linear leaves, producing conspicuous white flowers, in a stellate pattern, in mid to late spring. The flowers open late in the day (hence some of its common names), but when closed have a green stripe on the outside. It is native throughout most of southern and central Europe, and north-western Africa. "O. umbellatum" is often grown as a garden ornamental,.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. but in North America and other areas it has escaped cultivation and can be found in many areas, where it may become an invasive noxious weed. Parts of the plant are considered poisonous, but are used in some regional cuisines. Essences are also sold as patent remedies. "O. umbellatum" has been depicted in art by artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, and folklore has suggested it originally grew from fragments of the star of Bethlehem, hence its horticultural name.## Description."O. umbellatum" is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant (geophyte), dying back after flowering, to an underground storage bulb. The following year,.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. it regrows from the often shallow rooted bulbs, which are ovoid with a membranous coat, 15 - 25 (mm) long and 18 - 32 (mm) in diameter. The bulbs form multiple leaf-bearing bulbils that soon separate but remain close by. Initially the plant forms 6–10 basal leaves, that arise in tufts from the bulbs. The leaves are grooved (canaliculate), smooth (glabrous) and linear with a white to light green linear midrib on the upper surface, and grow up to 30 (cm) long and 8 (mm) broad."O. umbellatum" is scapose, with a glabrous flower stem (scape) that emerges from the leaf.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. tufts later and is about 10 - 30 (cm) in height, tapering at its tip. The inflorescence bears 6–20 flat star shaped flowers on ascending stems (pedicels) (3 - 3.5 (cm)) associated with membranaceous leaflets (bracts) (2.5 - 3 (cm)) in an open branching umbrella (umbel) shaped terminal cluster, described as a corymbose raceme. The petal-like perianth is radially symmetric (actinomorphic), which is 1.5 - 2 (cm) in diameter, consists of six lanceolate tepals which are white with a green stripe on the underside (outside), 15 (mm) in length and 5 (mm) wide. From the outside the closed flower appears.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. green with white margins.The reproductive parts consist of both male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) parts (hermaphrodite). The androecium has six yellow-brown stamens that are free of the perianth and form two groups, each of about 5 - 8 (mm), with filaments that are simple and flattened and oblong anthers that are 2 - 4 (mm). The gynoecium has a single pistil with a superior (i. e. above the floral parts) ovary that is ovoid to obovoid, 3 - 4 (mm), and longer than the style that extends above it. The fruit is a capsule which is oblong-ovoid with 3 sides.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. and 6 ribs. Within it, each locule contains many seeds with a black coat of phytomelan ("see Floral diagram"). The species is polyploid (having more than two sets of chromosomes).## Taxonomy."Ornithogalum umbellatum" has been known and described for a long time, according to some authors, as far back as Dioscorides in the first century. In 16th-century England, William Turner (1562) mentions it. In Henry Lyte's 1586 "New Herbal" (a translation into English of Dodoens' 1554 "Cruydeboeck"), reference is made to an "Ornithogalum" as the White Field Onion. John Gerard, in his "Herball" of 1597, describes "Ornithogalum" as the "star of.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. Bethlem". The species known today as "Ornithogalum umbellatum" was first formally described by Linnaeus (1753), who is the botanical authority for the species (L.). "O. umbellatum" is the type species of the genus "Ornithogalum", which contains about 50 species. The lectotype (reference specimen) was established by Stearn in 1983.## Etymology.The species epithet reflects the flower formation as an umbel. The plant's many common names include garden star-of-Bethlehem, sleepydick, nap-at-noon, grass lily, summer snowflake, snowdrop, starflower, bird's milk, chinkerichee, ten-o'clock lady, eleven-o'clock lady, Bath asparagus, and star of Hungary. The references to the time of day reflect the opening times of.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. the flowers, opening late and closing at night or in cloudy conditions. The star names indicate the arrangement of the petals and bird's milk is a literal translation of ornithogalum. It has also been called dove's dung, equating it with a plant described in the bible. The name star-of-Bethlehem is shared by a number of species of "Ornithogalum", due to the white stellate flowers, and the folklore relating the flower to the biblical star-of-Bethlehem ("see In popular culture").## Distribution and habitat.A native of most of Europe, North Africa and western Asia, "Ornithogalum umbellatum" has been adopted as an ornamental garden.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. plant from where it has escaped and naturalised widely in North America, where it is considered an aggressive noxious weed of lawns, gardens and no-till agricultural land, which can be difficult to eradicate. In Europe its range extends from Ireland and Portugal in the west, Italy in the south, north to parts of France and east to Turkey and the Levant."O. umbellatum" prefers damp habitats, being found along rivers, streams, and lower, wet areas of pastures. It is tolerant to shade and soil type.## Ecology.## Life cycle."Ornithogalum umbellatum" is thermoperiodic, requiring a cold winter to complete its life cycle. It.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. first appears in early spring as tufts of leaves, prior to flowering (proteranthous), which occurs in late spring (May–June), the leaves fading prior to blooming. It reproduces by its bulbs, which form many offsetting bulbils that can be dispersed by water. Like many bulb plants from temperate regions, a period of exposure to cold is necessary before spring growth can begin. This protects the plant from growth during winter when intense cold may damage it. Warmer spring temperatures then initiate growth from the bulb. "O. umbellatum" spreads aggressively in clumps by means of these offsets.## Pollination.The flowers are insect pollinated,.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. but may also be self-fertile, forming seeds in summer (June–July). Seed dispersal plays a relatively minor role in propagation, but accounts for isolated blooms.## Effect of light.The petals exhibit photoperiodism, often opening at noon and closing at night or on cloudy days.## Cultivation."Ornithogalum umbellatum" requires considerable moisture during winter and spring, but can tolerate summer drought. It can be grown in a woodland garden as semi-shade is preferable. It is hardy to zone 5 UK, 4–9 USDA, and can become invasive. It is produced commercially as an ornamental garden plant. To control invasive tendencies, it is best to plant in.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. a container or an edged area. "O. umbellatum" may be grown as an indoor plant.## Toxicity.The plant, especially the bulb and flowers, contains cardiac glycosides, specifically convallatoxin and convalloside which are toxic to humans and livestock. Symptoms of poisoning include nausea, salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, and shortness of breath, as well as pain, burning, and swelling of lips, tongue, and throat. Prolonged contact may lead to skin irritation.## Uses.Despite the known toxicities, the plant has been described as edible for 2000 years and incorporated into some traditional regional cuisines (e.g. Turkey) and traditional medicine (e.g. India). In Britain, the plant has.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. long been the subject of herbals for its claimed culinary and medicinal properties. This includes drying and grinding the bulbs, or boiling them and baking the flowers into bread. Essences are sold as patent remedies and for aromatherapy, such as Bach flower remedies. Medical authorities advise against ingesting any part of the plant.## In history.Leonardo da Vinci drew "O. umbellatum" and included the plant in one of his depictions of Leda and the Swan (1508–1515), in which the flowers are held in Leda's left hand. In folklore, the biblical star of Bethlehem is said to have fallen to the earth.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. and shattered into pieces which became the ubiquitous white flowers. Legend has also associated it with the journeys of Crusaders and pilgrims to the Holy Land.A biblical passage in "2 Kings" 6:25 relates an account of a siege in Samaria in which the desperate population consumed the excrement of doves (chiriyonim). "There was a great famine in Samaria; and behold, they besieged it, until a donkey's head was sold for eighty shekels of silver, and a fourth of a kab of dove's dung for five shekels of silver". There has been considerable discussion as to the exact meaning of this.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. term. In notes taken by Paul Dietrich Giseke from a lecture by Linnaeus it is suggested that this "Stercus Columbarum" was in fact the plant "Ornithogalum umbellatum", which grew abundantly in Palestine and "unde Anglis "Bethlem's Star" dicitur" (is known to the English as Bethlem's Star), the white colour of which resembled the excrement of birds, hence the name "lac Avium" (bird milk or "Ornithogalum"), and which was still eaten by the poor of that country.Culturally, the flower has been associated with purity and hope, atonement and reconciliation.## In popular culture.Naked Snake fought his mentor, The Boss, in a field.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. full of white grass lillies in "". In , Arlington National Cemetery, where The Boss's and Big Boss's graves are, is also full of the flowers. In , besides Snake's hospital bed, there is a vase of the flowers, when an assassin tries to kill him, the vase falls and petals float in slow motion in front of him. "see also" Flora Europaea Historical sources("full text at " BHL), "see" Smith's Bible Dictionary.


Question: Which city or region does this bridge locate in?

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Marble Bridge. The Siberian Marble Gallery is a decorative pedestrian roofed Palladian bridge (gallery walkway) in Empress Catherine Park in the former royal residence Tsarskoye Selo (now town of Pushkin) near Saint Petersburg, Russia. It connects the Swan Islands — an artificial archipelago of seven islets in the landscape park of Tsarskoe Selo — spanning a rivulet flowing between several ponds. The bridge was modelled after the Palladian Bridge (1736) in the park of Wilton House, in England, and served as a showcase for Ural marble. All the details of the bridge — including the granite Ionic colonnade — were produced in.


Question: Who is the creator of this building?

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Brabo Fountain. The Brabo Fountain () is located in the Grote Markt (Main Square) of Antwerp, in front of the Town Hall of the city. The ceremonial inauguration of the sculpture took place in 1887. Jef Lambeaux realized the set of the bronze fountain.The reason is the legend of the name of the city, in which it is said that the giant Druon Antigoon cut off a hand to all the ship captains who moored in the area and refused to pay toll, then throwing it to the Scheldt. The captain of the Roman army Brabo cut off the giant's hand imitating.