Question: Where is this bird native to?

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Australian brushturkey. The Australian brushturkey or Australian brush-turkey or gweela ("Alectura lathami"), also frequently called the scrub turkey or bush turkey, is a common, widespread species of mound-building bird from the family Megapodiidae found in eastern Australia from Far North Queensland to Eurobodalla on the South Coast of New South Wales. The Australian brushturkey has also been introduced to Kangaroo Island in South Australia. It is the largest extant representative of the family Megapodiidae, and is one of three species to inhabit Australia.Despite its name and their superficial similarities, the bird is not closely related to American turkeys, nor to the Australian.

Australian brushturkey. bustard, which is also known as the bush turkey. Its closest relatives are the wattled brushturkey, Waigeo brushturkey, and malleefowl.## Biology.## Description.It is a large bird with black feathers and a red head. Its total length is about 60 – 75 (cm) and a wingspan of about 85 (cm). The subspecies "A. l. purpureicollis" from the northern Cape York Peninsula is smaller than the more widespread nominate subspecies. It has a prominent, fan-like tail flattened sideways, and its plumage is mainly blackish, but with a bare red head, and a yellow (in the nominate subspecies) or purple wattle (in "A.

Australian brushturkey. l. purpureicollis"). The males' wattles become much larger during breeding season, often swinging from side to side as they run. The males' heads and wattles also become much brighter during the breeding and nesting season. The underside of the body is sprinkled with white feathers, more pronounced in older birds. The brushturkey is a clumsy flyer and cannot fly long distances, only taking to the air when threatened by predators or to roost in trees at night and during the heat of the day.## Nesting.They build large nests on the ground made of leaves, other compostable material, and earth, 1.

Australian brushturkey. to 1.5 (m) high and up to 4 (m) across. Mound-building is done by a dominant male, and visited by a succession of local females, for mating and egg-laying. The male works tirelessly, collecting material from all around, and also diligently repelling rival males, which are keen to usurp his position. The effort involved eventually wears him down, and he will ultimately be defeated by a new king. The eggs are very large (90 × 45 mm), and the young are fully fledged on hatching. They can fly within hours, as soon as the feathers are dry. The eggs are.

Australian brushturkey. hatched by the heat of the composting mound, the temperature of which is regulated by adding or removing material to maintain the temperature in the 33 – 35 (C) incubation temperature range. The Australian brushturkey checks the temperature by sticking its beak into the mound. Like some reptiles, incubation temperature affects the sex ratio of chicks, but the mechanism is different between reptiles and these birds, with reptiles exhibiting temperature-dependent sex determination, and megapodes exhibiting temperature-dependent embryo mortality. The sex ratio in brushturkeys is equal at incubation temperatures of 34 °C, but results in more males when cooler and more.

Australian brushturkey. females when warmer (p=0.035). Whether the parents use this to manipulate the sex of their offspring by, for instance, selecting the nesting site accordingly, is unclear. Warmer incubation also results in heavier, fitter chicks (p<0.0001), but how this is linked to sex is also unknown.The same nesting site is frequently used year after year, with the old nests being added to each breeding season. The average clutch of eggs is between 16 and 24 large white eggs, which are laid September to March. Sometimes, up to 50 eggs laid by several females may be found in a single mound. The.

Australian brushturkey. eggs are placed in a circle roughly 60 – 80 (cm) down, 20 – 30 (cm) apart, always with the large end up. The newly hatched young dig themselves out of the mound and then have to care for themselves.## Predators and human interactions.Brushturkey eggs are a favourite food of goannas, snakes, and dingoes and dogs, though brushturkeys were also a staple of Aboriginal Australians. Often, goannas exhibit wounds on their tails from having been pecked by brushturkeys that ferociously chase them away from their nests. Chicks are left to fend for themselves from their hatching so they have a.

Australian brushturkey. high death rate.In situations where they come into contact with humans, such as picnic areas in national parks and suburban gardens, brushturkeys exhibit little fear and often boldly attempt to steal food from tables and raid compost bins. Brush-turkeys in more urbanized areas show reduced fear compared to birds in national parks. They nest in suburban gardens, and in search of material for their nests remove enormous amounts of mulch from gardens.## Habitat.The Australian brushturkey inhabits rainforests and wet sclerophyll forests, but can also be found in drier scrubs and open areas. In the northern part of its range, the.

Australian brushturkey. Australian brushturkey is most common at higher altitudes, but individuals move to the lowland areas in winter. In the south, it is common in both mountain and lowland regions.Brushturkeys are now common in urban environments and can be found in backyards in both Brisbane and Sydney.The range of the Australian brushturkey extends from the top of Cape York to approximately the area around Wollongong.## Population.Brushturkeys are fairly common presently, but in the 1930s, the bird was supposed to be approaching extinction.## Human interaction.The Australian brushturkey can damage gardens when raking up the ground looking for food. It can also cause.

Australian brushturkey. extensive damage to food crops. The Department of Environment, Climate Change, and Water provides hints for living with brushturkeys in urban environments.They are sometimes hunted for food, including as part of the diet by Aboriginal Australians. Their eggs, which weigh on average 180 (g), are also sometimes eaten.The Australian brushturkey is fully protected in Queensland. Under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 it is an offence to harm brush turkeys. For a class 1 offence it is 3000 penalty units or two years imprisonment. For a class 4 offence it is 100 penalty units or A$13,345.00. In New South Wales, shooting.

Australian brushturkey. a brush turkey has resulted in fines of up to A$22,000, under the Biodiversity Conservation Act. Edden, R. and Boles, W.E. (1986). "Birds of the Australian Rainforests". Sydney: Reed Books. Marchant, S. and Higgins, P.J. (eds.) (1993). "Handbook of Australian New Zealand and Antarctic Birds". Vol. 2: "Raptors to Lapwings". Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Olsen, P., Crome, F. and Olsen, J. (1993). "The Birds of Prey and Ground Birds of Australia". Sydney: Angus and Robertson, and the National Photographic Index of Australian Wildlife. Australian Brush-turkey videos, photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection Deterring brush turkeys – New South.

Australian brushturkey. Wales Government Factsheets — Brushturkey.


Question: How many day is the egg incubation period of this bird?

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Varied bunting. The varied bunting ("Passerina versicolor") is a species of songbird in the cardinal family, Cardinalidae.The range of the varied bunting stretches from the southern parts of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas in the United States south throughout Mexico as far as Oaxaca. Small disjunct populations occur in the state of Chiapas in Mexico and southeastern Guatemala. This stocky bird has a short tail and rounded bill. It is 11 - 14 (cm) long, has a wingspan of 21 (cm), and weighs 11 - 13 (g). Breeding males are purple-red with a bright red patch on the nape, which becomes browner.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

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Calyptocarpus vialis. Calyptocarpus vialis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Common names for "C. vialis" include straggler daisy, horseherb, lawnflower, and creeping Cinderella-weed. It is native to south Texas, Mexico, Belize, Venezuela, and the Caribbean. It has also been introduced east of Texas, Argentina, Hawaii, India, Java, Australia, and Taiwan. It is one of only three species in the genus "Calyptocarpus".The opposite leaves are typically 1–3 (cm) long and triangular to lanceolate in shape. It bears heads of yellow flowers, with around 10–20 disc florets and 3–8 ray florets, the laminae of the latter around 2–5 (mm) long.

Calyptocarpus vialis. It flowers year round. It is a weedy species, found in lawns and along other disturbed areas such as roadsides and paths.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this animal?

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Boa constrictor. The boa constrictor (scientific name also Boa constrictor), also called the red-tailed boa, is a species of large, non-venomous, heavy-bodied snake that is frequently kept and bred in captivity. The boa constrictor is a member of the family Boidae, found in tropical South America, as well as some islands in the Caribbean. A staple of private collections and public displays, its color pattern is highly variable yet distinctive. Four subspecies are currently recognized. This article focuses on the species "Boa constrictor" as a whole, and on the nominate subspecies "B. c. constrictor".## Common names.Though all boids are constrictors, only this.

Boa constrictor. species is properly referred to as a "boa constrictor"—a rare instance of an animal having the same common English name and scientific binomial name.All subspecies are referred to as "boa constrictors", and are part of a diverse group of New World boas referred to as "red-tailed" boas, comprising species of both Boa constrictor and Boa imperator. Within the exotic pet trade, it is also known as a "BCC", an abbreviation of its scientific name, to distinguish it from other boa species, such as "Boa imperator" or "BCI."Other common names include "chij-chan" (Mayan), "jiboia" (Latin American), and "macajuel" (Trinidadian).## Subspecies.Several subspecies.

Boa constrictor. of "Boa constrictor" have been described, but many of these are poorly differentiated, and further research may redefine many of them. Some appear to be based more on location, rather than biological differences. "Boa imperator", "Boa nebulosa" and "Boa sigma" have been elevated to full species status.Several other subspecies have been described at different times, but currently, these are no longer considered to be subspecies by many herpetologists and taxonomists. They include: "B. c. amarali" Stull, 1932 "B. c. melanogaster" Langhammer, 1983: a nomen dubium.## Description.## Size and weight.The boa constrictor is a large snake, although it is only modestly.

Boa constrictor. sized in comparison to other large snakes, such as the reticulated python, Burmese python, or the occasionally sympatric green anaconda, and can reach lengths from 3 to 13 (ft) depending on the locality and the availability of suitable prey. Clear sexual dimorphism is seen in the species, with females generally being larger in both length and girth than males. The usual size of mature female boas is between 7 and 10 (ft) whereas males are between 6 and 8 (ft). Females commonly exceed 10 (ft), particularly in captivity, where lengths up to 12 (ft) or even 14 (ft) can be.

Boa constrictor. seen. The largest documented non-stretched dry skin is deposited at Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM 4961/2012) and measures 14.6 ft (4.45 m) without head. A report of a boa constrictor growing up to 18.5 (ft) was later found to be a misidentified green anaconda.The boa constrictor is a heavy-bodied snake, and large specimens can weigh up to 27 (kg). Females, the larger sex, more commonly weigh 10 to 15 (kg). Some specimens of this species can reach or possibly exceed 45 (kg), although this is not usual.The size and weight of a boa constrictor depends on subspecies, locale, and the availability.

Boa constrictor. of suitable prey. "B. c. constrictor" reaches, and occasionally tops, the averages given above, as it is one of the relatively large subspecies of "Boa constrictor".Other examples of sexual dimorphism in the species include males generally having longer tails to contain the hemipenes and also longer pelvic spurs, which are used to grip and stimulate the female during copulation. Pelvic spurs are the only external sign of the rudimentary hind legs and pelvis and are seen in all boas and pythons.## Coloring.The coloring of boa constrictors can vary greatly depending on the locality. However, they are generally a brown, gray,.

Boa constrictor. or cream base color, patterned with brown or reddish-brown "saddles" that become more pronounced towards the tail. This coloring gives "B. constrictor" species the common name of "red-tailed boas." The coloring works as a very effective camouflage in the jungles and forests of its natural range.Some individuals exhibit pigmentary disorders, such as albinism. Although these individuals are rare in the wild, they are common in captivity, where they are often selectively bred to make a variety of different color "morphs". Boa constrictors have an arrow-shaped head with very distinctive stripes on it: One runs dorsally from the snout to the.

Boa constrictor. back of the head; the others run from the snout to the eyes and then from the eyes to the jaw.Boa constrictors can sense heat via cells in their lips, though they lack the labial pits surrounding these receptors seen in many members of the family Boidae. Boa constrictors also have two lungs, a smaller (non-functional) left and an enlarged (functional) right lung to better fit their elongated shape, unlike many colubrid snakes, which have completely lost the left lung.## Distribution and habitat.Depending on the subspecies, "Boa constrictor" can be found through South America north of 35°S (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,.

Boa constrictor. Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Argentina), and many other islands along the coasts of South America. An introduced population exists in extreme southern Florida, and a small population on St. Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands now appears to be reproducing in the wild.The type locality given is "Indiis"—a mistake, according to Peters and Orejas-Miranda (1970)."B. constrictor" flourishes in a wide variety of environmental conditions, from tropical rainforests to arid semidesert country. However, it prefers to live in rainforest due to the humidity and temperature, natural cover from predators, and vast amount of.

Boa constrictor. potential prey. It is commonly found in or along rivers and streams, as it is a very capable swimmer. Boa constrictors also occupy the burrows of medium-sized mammals, where they can hide from potential predators.## Behavior.Boa constrictors generally live on their own and do not interact with any other snakes unless they want to mate. They are nocturnal, but they may bask during the day when night-time temperatures are too low. As semi-arboreal snakes, young boa constrictors may climb into trees and shrubs to forage; however, they become mostly terrestrial as they become older and heavier. Boa constrictors strike when.

Boa constrictor. they perceive a threat. Their bite can be painful, especially from large snakes, but is rarely dangerous to humans. Specimens from Central America are more irascible, hissing loudly and striking repeatedly when disturbed, while those from South America tame down more readily. Like all snakes, boa constrictors in a shed cycle are more unpredictable, because the substance that lubricates between the old skin and the new makes their eyes appear milky, blue, or opaque so that the snake cannot see very well, causing it to be more defensive than it might otherwise be.## Hunting and diet.Their prey includes a wide.

Boa constrictor. variety of small to medium-sized mammals and birds. The bulk of their diet consists of rodents, but larger lizards and mammals as big as monkeys, wild pigs and ocelots are also reported to have been consumed. Young boa constrictors eat small mice, birds, bats, lizards, and amphibians. The size of the prey item increases as they get older and larger.Boa constrictors are ambush predators, so they often lie in wait for an appropriate prey to come along, then they attack. However, they have also been known to actively hunt, particularly in regions with a low concentration of suitable prey, and.

Boa constrictor. this behavior generally occurs at night. The boa first strikes at the prey, grabbing it with its teeth; it then proceeds to constrict the prey until death before consuming it whole. Unconsciousness and death likely result from shutting off vital blood flow to the heart and brain, rather than suffocation as was previously believed; constriction can interfere with blood flow and overwhelm the prey's usual blood pressure and circulation. This would lead to unconsciousness and death very quickly. Their teeth also help force the animal down the throat while muscles then move it toward the stomach. It takes the snake.

Boa constrictor. about 4–6 days to fully digest the food, depending on the size of the prey and the local temperature. After this, the snake may not eat for a week to several months, due to its slow metabolism.## Reproduction and development.Boa constrictors are viviparous, giving birth to live young. They generally breed in the dry season—between April and August—and are polygynous; thus, males may mate with multiple females. Half of all females breed in a given year, and a larger percentage of males actively attempt to locate a mate. Due to their polygynous nature, many of these males will be unsuccessful.

Boa constrictor. As such, female boas in inadequate physical condition are unlikely to attempt to mate, or to produce viable young if they do mate. Reproduction in boas is almost exclusively sexual. In 2010, a boa constrictor was shown to have reproduced asexually via parthenogenesis. The Colombian rainbow boa ("Epicrates maurus") was found to reproduce by facultative parthenogenesis resulting in production of WW female progeny. The WW females were likely produced by terminal automixis (see Figure), a type of parthenogenesis in which two terminal haploid products of meiosis fuse to form a zygote, which then develops into a daughter progeny. This is.

Boa constrictor. only the third genetically confirmed case of consecutive virgin births of viable offspring from a single female within any vertebrate lineage. In 2017, boa constrictors, along with "Boa imperators" and Burmese pythons, were found to contain a new set of sex determining chromosomes. Males were discovered to contain a pair of XY sex determining chromosomes, while females have a XX pair. This is the first time snakes were thought to contain male heterogamety, and since then has been found in ball pythons ("Python regius") as well.During the breeding season, the female boa emits pheromones from her cloaca to attract males,.

Boa constrictor. which may then wrestle to select one to breed with her. During breeding, the male curls his tail around the female's and the hemipenes (or male reproductive organs) are inserted. Copulation can last from a few minutes to several hours and may occur several times over a period of a few weeks. After this period, ovulation may not occur immediately, but the female can hold the sperm inside her for up to one year. When the female ovulates, a midbody swell can be noticed that appears similar to the snake having eaten a large meal. The female then sheds two.

Boa constrictor. to three weeks after ovulation, in what is known as a post-ovulation shed which lasts another 2–3 weeks, which is longer than a normal shed. The gestation period, which is counted from the postovulation shed, is around 100–120 days. The female then gives birth to young that average 15 – 20 (inch) in length. The litter size varies between females but can be between 10 and 65 young, with an average of 25, although some of the young may be stillborn or unfertilized eggs known as "slugs". The young are independent at birth and grow rapidly for the first few.

Boa constrictor. years, shedding regularly (once every one to two months). At 3–4 years, boa constrictors become sexually mature and reach the adult size of 6 – 10 (ft), although they continue to grow at a slow rate for the rest of their lives. At this point, they shed less frequently, about every 2–4 months.## Captivity.This species does well in captivity, usually becoming quite tame. It is a common sight in both zoos and private reptile collections. Though still exported from their native South America in significant numbers, they are widely bred in captivity. When kept in captivity, they are fed mice,.

Boa constrictor. rats, rabbits, chickens, and chicks depending on the size and age of the individual. Captive life expectancy is 20 to 30 years, with rare accounts over 40 years, making them a long-term commitment as a pet. The greatest reliable age recorded for a boa constrictor in captivity is 40 years, 3 months, and 14 days. This boa constrictor was named Popeye and died in the Philadelphia Zoo, Pennsylvania, on April 15, 1977. Proper animal husbandry is the most significant factor in captive lifespan; this includes providing adequate space, correct temperatures and humidity, and suitable food items.Up to 41.5% of captive.

Boa constrictor. boas test positive for eosinophilic inclusion bodies.## Economic significance.Boa constrictors are very popular within the exotic pet trade and have been both captured in the wild and bred in captivity. Today, most captive boa constrictors are captive-bred, but between 1977 and 1983, 113,000 live boa constrictors were imported into the United States. These huge numbers of wild-caught snakes have put considerable pressure on some wild populations. Boa constrictors have also been hunted for their meat and skins, and are a common sight at markets within their geographic range. After the reticulated python, boa constrictors are the snake most commonly killed.

Boa constrictor. for snakeskin products, such as shoes, bags, and other items of clothing. In some areas, they have an important role in regulating the opossum populations, preventing the potential transmission of leishmaniasis to humans. In other areas, they are often let loose within the communities to control the rodent populations.## Conservation.All boa constrictors fall under CITES and are listed under CITES Appendix II, except "B. c. occidentalis", which is listed in CITES Appendix I.In some regions, boa constrictor numbers have been severely hit by predation from humans and other animals and over-collection for the exotic pet and snakeskin trades. Most populations,.

Boa constrictor. though, are not under threat of immediate extinction; thus, they are within Appendix II rather than Appendix I.Boa constrictors may be an invasive species in Florida. "Daletvirus boae.


Question: Which city or region does this facility locate in?

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La Recoleta Cemetery. La Recoleta Cemetery () is a cemetery located in the Recoleta neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It contains the graves of notable people, including Eva Perón, presidents of Argentina, Nobel Prize winners, the founder of the Argentine Navy, and military commanders like Julio Argentino Roca. In 2011, the BBC hailed it as one of the world's best cemeteries, and in 2013, CNN listed it among the 10 most beautiful cemeteries in the world.## History.Franciscan Recollect monks () arrived in this area, then the outskirts of Buenos Aires, in the early eighteenth century. The cemetery is built around the Recollect Convent.

La Recoleta Cemetery. () and a church, Our Lady of Pilar ("), built in 1732.The order was disbanded in 1822, and the garden of the convent was converted into the first public cemetery in Buenos Aires. Inaugurated on 17 November of the same year under the name of " (Northern Cemetery), those responsible for its creation were the then-Governor Martin Rodríguez, who would be eventually buried in the cemetery, and government minister Bernardino Rivadavia.The 1822 layout was done by French civil engineer Próspero Catelin, who also designed the current facade of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral. The cemetery was last remodeled in 1881,.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Nemastylis geminiflora. Nemastylis geminiflora is a perennial herb also known as the prairie celestial and prairie pleatleaf. It is common on the black soil prairies in Texas, and can also be found as far north as Missouri and as far east as Alabama. It has an inflorescence on stems 8-11 centimeters long, arising from a subterranean stem and bulb that is 2–3 cm in diameter.


Question: Who designed this building?

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Palais de Chaillot. The Palais de Chaillot () is a building at the top of the in the Trocadéro area in the 16th "arrondissement" of Paris, France.For the Exposition Internationale of 1937, the old 1878 Palais du Trocadéro was partly demolished and partly rebuilt to create the Palais de Chaillot. It was designed in classicising "moderne" style by architects Louis-Hippolyte Boileau, Jacques Carlu and Léon Azéma. The Palais consists of two separate wings shaped to form a wide arc, which are those of the former building with new taller portions built in front. The pair of larger central pavilions are also those of.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

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Snowy owl. The snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus), also known as the polar owl, the white owl and the Arctic owl, is a large, white owl of the true owl family. Snowy owls are native to the Arctic regions of both North America and the Palearctic, breeding mostly on the tundra. It has a number of unique adaptations to its habitat and lifestyle, which are quite distinct from other extant owls. One of the largest species of owl, it is the only owl with largely white plumage. Males tend to be a purer white overall while females tend to more have more extensive.

Snowy owl. the number of successful breeding pairs is 28,000 or even considerably less. While the causes are not well-understood, numerous, complex environment factors often correlated with global warming are probably at the forefront of the fragility of the snowy owl's existence.## Taxonomy.The snowy owl was one of the many bird species originally described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of "Systema Naturae", where it was given the binomial name "Strix scandiaca". The genus name "Bubo" is Latin for an horned owl and "scandiacus" is New Latin for of Scandinavia. The former genera name "Nyctea" is derivation of Greek.

Snowy owl. meaning "night". Linnaeus originally described the different plumages of this owl as separate species, with the male specimens of snowy owls being considered "Strix scandiaca" and the likely females considered as "Strix nyctea". Until recently, the snowy owl was regarded as the sole member of a distinct genus, as "Nyctea scandiaca", but mtDNA cytochrome "b" sequence data shows that it is very closely related to the horned owls in the genus "Bubo" and the species is now thusly often considered inclusive with that genus. However, some authorities debate this classification, still preferring "Nyctea". Often authorities are motivated to retain the.

Snowy owl. separate genus on the grounds of osteological distinctions.Genetic testing revealed a reasonably distinct genetic makeup for snowy owls, being about 8% genetically distinct from other "Bubo" owls, perhaps giving credence to those who count the species as separate under "Nyctea". However, a fairly recent shared origin in evolutionary history has been illustrated through a combination of genetic study and fossil review and there is little, other than osteology of the tarsometatarsus, to outright distinguish the snowy owl from other modern species like the Eurasian eagle-owl ("Bubo bubo"). Genetic testing has indicated that the snowy owl may have diverged from related.

Snowy owl. species at around 4 million years ago. Furthermore, it has determined that the living species genetically most closely related to the snowy owl is the great horned owl ("Bubo virginianus"). On a broader scale, owls in general have, through genetic materials, been determined to be a highly distinct group, with outwardly similar groups such as Caprimulgiformes revealed to not be at all closely related. Within the owl order, typical owls are highly divergent from barn-owls. Furthermore, the "Bubo" genus likely clustered at some point during the evolutionary process with other largish owls, such as "Strix", "Pulsatrix" and "Ciccaba", based on.

Snowy owl. broad similarities in their voice, reproductive behaviors (i.e. hooting postures) and a similar number and structure of chromosomes and autosomes. A number, but not all, of extant typical owls seem to have evolved from an ancient shared common ancestor with the "Bubo" owls. In addition to the question of relationship of the traditional "Bubo" owls to the snowy owls, ongoing ambiguity of the relationship of other similarly large-sized owls has been persistent. These have sometimes either been included in the genus or within separate genera, i.e. the "Ketupu" or fish owls and the "Scotopelia" or fishing owls. Despite the adaptive.

Snowy owl. distinctions, the grouping of these large owls (i.e. "Bubo", snowy, fish and perhaps fishing owls) appears to be borne out via research of karyotypes.The fossil history of snowy owls is fairly well documented despite some early confusion on how to distinguish the skeletal structure of the snowy owls from eagle-owls. It was determined that the snowy owl once was distributed much more widely and far farther to the south during the Quaternary glaciation when much of the Northern Hemisphere was in the midst of an ice age. Fossil records shows that snowy owls once could be found in Austria, Azerbaijan,.

Snowy owl. known to interbreed with other owl species in the wild, and accordingly, no hybrids of snowy owls and other owl species have yet been sighted in the wild. However, a hobby falconer in Kollnburg, Germany, bred hybrids from a male snowy owl and a female Eurasian eagle-owl ("Bubo bubo") in 2013. The two resulting male hybrid owls possessed the prominent ear tufts (generally absent in snowy owls), general size, orange eyes, and the same pattern of black markings on their plumage from their Eurasian eagle-owl mother, while retaining the generally black-and-white plumage colours from their snowy owl father. The hybrids.

Snowy owl. she is sitting on the nest. The ear tufts measure about 20 to 25 (mm) and consist of about 10 small feathers. The snowy owl has bright yellow eyes. The head is relatively small and, even for the relatively simply adapted hearing mechanism of a "Bubo" owl, the facial disc is shallow and the ear is uncomplicated. 1 male had ear slits of merely 21 x 14 (mm) on left and 21 x 14.5 (mm) on the right. Females are almost invariably more duskily patterned than like-age males. In mature males, the upper parts are plain white with usually a.

Snowy owl. serrations and comb-like wing feathers that render the flight of most owls functionally silent, but they have fewer than most related "Bubo" owls. Therefore, in combination with its less soft feathers, the flight of a snowy owl can be somewhat audible at close range. The flight of snowy owls tends to be steady and direct and is reminiscent to some of the flight of a large, slow-flying falcon. Though capable of occasional gliding flight, there is no evidence that snowy owls will soar. It is said that the species seldom exceeds a flying height of around 150 (m) even during.

Snowy owl. passage. While the feet are sometimes described as "enormous", the tarsus is in osteological terms relatively short at 68% the length of those of a Eurasian eagle-owl but the claws are nearly as large, at 89% of the size of those of the eagle-owl. Despite its relatively short length, the tarsus is of similar circumference as in other "Bubo" owls. Also compared to an eagle-owl, the snowy owl has a relatively short decurved rostrum, a proportionately greater length to the interorbital roof and a much longer sclerotic ring surrounding the eyes while the anterior opening are the greatest known in.

Snowy owl. dimorphism relative to most non-raptorial birds in that females are larger than males. Sexual dimorphism that favors the female may have some correlation with being able to more effectively withstand food shortages such as during brooding as well as the rigors associated with incubating and brooding. Females are sometimes described as “giant” whereas males appear relatively “neat and compact”. However, the sexual dimorphism is relatively less pronounced compared to some other "Bubo" species.Male snowy owls have been known to measure from 52.5 to 64 (cm) in total length, with an average from four large samples of 58.7 (cm) and a.

Snowy owl. used by wintering snowy owls are also distinct from the typical edge and rocky habitats usually favored by the great horned and Eurasian eagle-owls, respectively.## Vocalizations.The snowy owl differ in their calls from other "Bubo" owls, with a much more barking quality to their version of a hooting song. Perhaps as many as 15 different calls by mature snowy owls have been documented. The main vocalization is a monotonous sequence that normally contains 2–6 (but occasionally more), rough notes similar to the rhythm of a barking dog: "krooh krooh krooh krooh"... The call may end with an emphatic "aaoow", which.

Snowy owl. The flight is fairly buoyant for a "Bubo" owl. When displaying, the male may engage in an undulating flight with interspersed wingbeats and gliding in a slight dihedral, finally dropping rather vertically to the ground. They are capable for swimming but do not usually do so. Some seen to be swimming were previously injured but young have been seen to swim into water to escape predators if they cannot fly yet. They will also drink when unfrozen water is available. Snowy owl mothers have been observed to preen their young in the wild, while pairs in captivity have been observed.

Snowy owl. items. The aptitude for hunting by day, hunting from the ground and hunting in almost always completely open and treeless areas are the primary ways in which the snowy owl differs in hunting from other "Bubo" owls. Otherwise, the hunting habits are similar. It is thought, due to their less refined hearing compared to other owls, prey is usually perceived via vision and movement. Experiments indicate that snowy owls can detect prey from as far as 1.6 (km) away. Snowy owls generally use a rise or, occasionally, a perch while hunting. 88% of observed 34 hunts in Utqiaġvik were undertaken.

Snowy owl. in a stoop after the owl had itself killed a fledgling falcon. Anecdotal report indicate predation by gyrfalcons (on snowy owls of unknown age and condition) but it was possibly also an act of mobbing. In another, a huge throng of Arctic terns ("Sterna paradisaea") relentlessly swarmed and attacked a snowy owl until it meet its demise.Almost certainly more often than being victim of other predators, snowy owls are known to dominate, kill and feed on a large diversity of other predators. Snowy owls, much like other "Bubo" owls, will opportunistically kill other birds of prey and predators. Although they.

Snowy owl. acadicus") and short-eared owls. While owls are likely encountered during corresponding hunting times, it is likely that the swift falcons are usually ambushed at night (much as other "Bubo" owls will do). In both the tundra and the wintering ground, there are several accounts of predation by snowy owls on short-eared owls. In addition, snowy owls have been known to prey on northern harriers, northern goshawks ("Accipiter gentilis") and gyrfalcons. In a few cases, both juvenile and adult Arctic foxes have been known to fall prey to snowy owls. A wintering snowy owl in Saskatchewan was observed to have preyed.

Snowy owl. the skies cleared. The Utqiaġvik nest scrapes averaged 47.7 x 44 (cm) in 91 with a mean depth of 9.8 (cm) while the scrapes were smaller in Hooper Bay, reportedly 25 to 33 (cm) diameter and 4 to 9 (cm) in depth. Occasionally, in the lower tundra, snowy owls may too use old nests of rough-legged buzzards as well as abandoned eagle nests. Unlike other northerly breeding raptorial birds, the snowy owl is not known to nest on cliffs and the like, so do not enter into direct competition with eagles, falcons, ravens or other "Bubo" owls when nesting to.


Question: What is the brand of this vehicle?

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

Nissan Juke. The is a subcompact crossover SUV (B-segment) produced by the Japanese car manufacturer Nissan since 2010. Debuted as a production vehicle at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show in March and positioned below the C-segment Qashqai, it was introduced to North America at the 2010 New York International Auto Show to be sold for the 2011 model year.The second-generation model was revealed for the European market in September 2019, offering larger dimensions by utilising the newer Renault–Nissan CMF-B platform. The second generation marks the withdrawal of the model from most markets outside Europe and Australasia to make way for the Nissan.

Nissan Juke. Kicks.The name "juke" means to "dance or change directions demonstrating agility", and is also derived from the word "jukebox".## First generation (F15; 2010).On 11 February 2009, Nissan announced that the model would go into production at the Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK (NMUK) plant in Sunderland, United Kingdom, during 2010 following its appearance as the Nissan Qazana concept car at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show.The Juke was designed at Nissan Design Europe in London and refined at Nissan's Design Centre in Japan. It is based on the Nissan B platform. The Sunderland plant (NMUK) manufactures for the European market, Australia and.

Nissan Juke. New Zealand, while Nissan's facility in Oppama, Japan, produces the vehicle for all other countries. Both Sunderland and Oppama are suppliers of the all-wheel drive variant. The Purwakarta plant (NMI) in Indonesia assembled the Juke for the domestic market and Thailand with a local content of 40 percent, front-wheel-drive only.A rebadged version of the first-generation Juke was sold in China as the Infiniti ESQ.## Design.The car's profile is dominated by the prominent wheel arches and the body's high waistline which contrast with the slim side windows, which is a modern interpretation of "coke bottle styling" popular during the 1960s and.

Nissan Juke. 1970s. Echoing a style first seen Nissan's high performance electric coupé concept shown at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show, the glasshouse resembles a racing helmet visor. A coupé-like appearance is achieved by the rear door handles being located near the C-pillars, within the window frame. Locating the rear door handles within the window frame is a Nissan styling tradition, begun with the 1985 Nissan Pathfinder. The sport motif continues inside with the red or grey-painted centre console bearing similarity to a motorcycle fuel tank.The front end features a stacked array of lights. Running lamps and indicators are mounted atop the.

Nissan Juke. front wings, their lenses visible from inside the cabin as an aid to maneuvering. Below them, under the lower edges of an expansive, curved grille, the main headlamps are intended to be reminiscent of those fitted to rally cars during the 1960s and 1970s. Where fitted, fog lamps are situated on a third level within the sump guard at the bottom.## Cabin.The Juke features seating for five (two in front, three in back). The rear seats have a 60/40 split and can be folded down independently in order to carry larger objects. The rear cargo area is small but features.

Nissan Juke. additional storage beneath the floor (front wheel drive models only).The steering column instrumentation cluster features a tachometer, speedometer, and a small display between them that displays real-time fuel efficiency, odometer and trip odometer.The center portion of the dash contains the radio and the I-CON control (if equipped). Depending on market and trim level the Juke may be equipped with iPod or USB connectivity, NissanConnect GPS navigation, rear-view camera and Bluetooth audio. A relatively deep glovebox on the passenger side houses an iPod connector (if equipped).All but base models are equipped with Nissan's Integrated Control System, dubbed I-CON: a command module.

Nissan Juke. that sits in the lower dashboard, which manages both the climate control and the vehicle's drive mode (Normal, Sport or Eco). Its display and nomenclature change according to the function selected. Among the available display data are fuel efficiency stats, real-time G-force measurements and turbo boost pressure.## Markets.## Japan.In Japan, where the car was launched on 9 June 2010, orders totalled 10,943 units in its first month, surpassing Nissan's monthly target of 1,300. By 5 October 2010, Japanese sales had increased to 20,000 while European and US figures also exceeded expectations with orders for 30,000 and 17,500 cars taken for.

Nissan Juke. the respective markets. Four levels are specified. The RX and RS models are equipped with the "HR15DE" I4 engine, while the "MR16DDT" was supplied for the 16GT and 16GT FOUR.## United States.Three trim levels were initially available with the 1.6-litre turbocharged "MR16DDT" petrol engine: S, SV and SL. The base engine is rated at 188 hp (140 kW) at 5,600 rpm and 177 lb⋅ft (240 N⋅m) of torque at 2,000 rpm. The base S model was available only with a CVT and lacks the I-CON display. The SV model adds I-CON, optional 6-speed manual transmission and moonroof. The SL model.

Nissan Juke. adds leather seats, USB connectivity and a rear-view camera. All-wheel drive with torque vectoring was optional on all trims but cannot be paired with a manual transmission.After the 2017 model year, the Juke was discontinued in the United States.## Canada.The S trim was available with either manual transmission or CVT. In the SV trim the I-CON system was not standard and was available as an option. In the SL trim the I-CON system was standard and a navigation system was available. The Juke was discontinued in Canada after the 2017 model year.## Europe.Five trim levels are indicated for the 1.6-litre.

Nissan Juke. "HR16DE" petrol, 1.5-litre "K9K" diesel and 1.6-litre "MR16DDT" petrol engines: Visia, Acenta (also available with Sport and Premium packs), Tekna, Nismo and Nismo RS. In 2012, Nissan replaced the limited edition Juke Kuru with the Juke Shiro model. The Shiro was a limited edition Juke with white accents throughout the interior including white stitching on the leather seats, gear shifter and steering wheel as well as several other aesthetic options.The car was launched in the UK on 24 September 2010.## New Zealand.Two trim levels: ST and Ti, are available. Both are front-wheel drive and are powered by the HR16DE engine.

Nissan Juke. only available with a CVT. Some features on the higher-spec Ti include 17-inch alloy wheels, Dynamic Control System (DCS) drive modes, intelligent key with push start button and dual front, side and curtain airbags.## Indonesia.Locally assembled by Nissan Motor Indonesia (NMI), the Juke for the Indonesian market comes with two trim levels: RX and Red, with one engine option, the 1.5-litre "HR15DE" I4. Both trims are only available with a CVT. The Red model, only available in Indonesia, adds roof spoiler, different grille colour and bigger audio display screen. On 12 February 2015, Nissan Motor Indonesia added "Revolt" trim to.

Nissan Juke. the lineup, while introducing facelift for Indonesian Juke. Between 2014 and 2017, the locally assembled Juke was exported to Thailand. Production ceased in September 2018.## Chile.Sales began in 2012 for the Juke identical to the UK model sold in Chile. Three trim levels are offered: Sense, Advance and Exclusive, with two engines, 1.6 and 1.6 Turbo, with the turbo engine only available in the Exclusive trim level. All of them come with a CVT except the Exclusive Turbo, with the AWD option was only offered in the Exclusive.## Facelift.At the 2014 Geneva Motor Show, Nissan unveiled the revised Nissan Juke.

Nissan Juke. for 2015 model year, which went on sale in the summer of 2014. On the exterior, the revision has new L-Shaped LED Daytime Running and Indicator clusters, new front and rear bumper styling and new colour options. New standard equipment includes a rear-view camera, keyless entry and Bluetooth hands-free phone system.## Juke Nismo.New for 2013, the NISMO version differs from the base Juke in styling changes to the bumpers and side skirts, interior styling, modified suspension and steering, 18 (in) wheels, an unspecified "torque vectoring" option, and engine tuning. The engine is rated at 197 (hp) at 6,000 rpm and.

Nissan Juke. 184 (lbft) of torque at 2,000 rpm. There was also a higher-end Nismo RS variant available, with upgraded standard equipment (Recaro front seats, carbon fiber). The engine is upgraded to 215 (hp) at 6,300 rpm and 210 (lbft) at 3,600 rpm.The New York Times review was generally positive, but: "About that styling: I love it, but you might hate it. The face is dominated by bug-eye headlamps, and the running lights bulge up above the hood such that they’re in the driver’s line of sight. At night, the effect is of large bio-luminescent slugs lounging atop the front fenders. Admittedly,.

Nissan Juke. it’s more appealing than I’m making it sound."## Juke-R.The Juke-R is a limited production run Juke with the drivetrain, chassis, and the 3.8-litre VR engine from the Nissan GT-R that produces 545 (hp). Although Nissan planned to produce 17 or 23 units, only a total of five Juke-Rs were produced.## Infiniti ESQ.Beginning in 2014, the Juke has been sold in China as the Infiniti ESQ. Debuted at 2014 Chengdu Auto Show, it is based on the pre-facelift Juke Nismo with its upgraded suspension, aero enhancements and 18-inch wheels. It uses the turbocharged 1.6-liter four-cylinder engine with 147 (kW).As of 2016,.

Nissan Juke. the ESQ is the only Infiniti model not to have a name beginning with the letter Q.## Marketing.In August 2013, Nissan launched a commercial for the Juke, featuring Stormtroopers from the "Star Wars" series.## Second generation (F16; 2019).The second-generation Juke was unveiled on 3 September 2019 in London, Paris, Milan, Barcelona and Cologne. The second-generation Juke went in production in October 2019. Nissan continued to build the Juke at its plant in Sunderland, UK. Customer deliveries begun in late November in European markets.The vehicle is larger and based on an all-new CMF-B platform shared with the second-generation Renault Captur and.

Nissan Juke. the fifth-generation Renault Clio. The new platform makes extensive use of high-strength steel which is claimed to offer better stability, performance, and cornering capabilities. Despite that, the second-generation Juke is lighter by around 23 (kg) compared to the previous-generation model.Nissan claims rear-seat knee room is increased by 58 (mm), rear head room by 11 (mm), and the boot capacity is now 20 percent bigger at 422 (L) because of its larger size. The new Juke adopts an all-new dashboard layout with a 'floating' central display, a new multifunction steering wheel, and a reduced number of buttons on the center console.Initial.

Nissan Juke. engine option is the 1.0-litre three-cylinder "DIG-T" turbocharged petrol engine which produces 117 (PS) and 180 (Nm). In March 2022, a 1.6-litre petrol hybrid engine option from the Renault Captur was introduced alongside the 2022 improved model.For most markets outside Europe and Australasia, the second-generation Juke was never introduced as it was replaced by the V platform-based Kicks. The Kicks was revealed in North America in 2017 for 2018 model year, directly replacing the Juke. The Juke was also phased out in Japan and several Southeast Asian markets in favour of the Kicks e-Power.It was released in Australia in May.

Nissan Juke. 2020, with four trim levels available. It was also launched in Taiwan in November 2020, and sold alongside the locally assembled Kicks.## Safety.The second-generation Juke was awarded a full five-star rating by Euro NCAP.## Reception.It was reported that customers of the Juke mainly consisted of young buyers and the elderly, resulting in an average age in the late 40s.In Europe, it is Nissan's second best-selling car behind the Qashqai. U.S. sales of the Juke slowed in 2015, but the crossover sold 38,000 units in 2013 and 2014, and about 36,000 in 2011 and 2012.The Nissan Juke received Insurance Institute for.

Nissan Juke. Highway Safety (IIHS) Top Safety Pick in 2011.A Nissan Juke driven by stunt-driver Terry Grant claimed a Guinness World Record when it was driven around the Goodwood Hill Course on two wheels for 2 minutes and 55 seconds. The Nissan Juke received "The Grand Tour"s 2017 "Nissan Juke Award" for the worst car of the year.


Question: Which city or region does this building locate in?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Manila Cathedral. The Minor Basilica and Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (; ), also known as the Manila Cathedral (), is the cathedral of Manila and basilica located in Intramuros, the historic walled city within today's modern city of Manila, Philippines. It is dedicated to the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary as the Patroness of the country. The cathedral serves as the episcopal seat of the Archbishop of Manila.The cathedral was originally a parish church in Manila under the Archdiocese of Mexico in 1571, until it became a separate diocese on February 6, 1579, upon the issuance of the.

Manila Cathedral. Italy, and was designed and made by the Istituto Internazionale d’Arte Liturgica in Rome.The original cathedra bears the coat of arms of then Archbishop Rufino Santos before he was created a cardinal. His coat of arms and the Mexican onyx was covered by a stone until its restoration in 2021.The restored cathedra now bears a carving of the coat of arms Cardinal Jose Advincula, the present archbishop, imposed on top of white Indian marble.Manila Cathedral-Basilica Re-Opening (April 9, 2014 Eucharist after Restoration and Retrofitting)Roman Catholic Archdiocese of ManilaRoman Catholicism in the PhilippinesSan Agustin ChurchIntramuros Official website of Manila Cathedral.


Question: Which historic period or era did this mountain occur?

Instruction: You have to find a Wikipedia segment that answers the question about the displayed image.

Ben Nevis. Glen Nevis skirts the side of this hill before ascending Ben Nevis's broad western flank.## Geology.Ben Nevis is all that remains of a Devonian volcano that met a cataclysmic end in the Carboniferous period around 350 million years ago. Evidence near the summit shows light-coloured granite (which had cooled in subterranean chambers several kilometres beneath the surface) lies among dark basaltic lavas (that form only on the surface). The two lying side by side is evidence the huge volcano collapsed in on itself creating an explosion comparable to Thera (2nd millennium BC) or Krakatoa (1883).The mountain is now all that.

Ben Nevis. remains of the imploded inner dome of the volcano.Its form has been extensively shaped by glaciation.Research has shown igneous rock from the Devonian period (around 400 million years ago) intrudes into the surrounding metamorphic schists; the intrusions take the form of a series of concentric ring dikes. The innermost of these, known as the Inner Granite, constitutes the southern bulk of the mountain above , and also the neighbouring ridge of ; forms part of the Outer Granite, which is redder in colour. The summit dome itself, together with the steep northern cliffs, is composed of andesite and basaltic lavas.##.


Question: Where is this plant originally discovered?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Rye. northern China.Production levels of rye have fallen since 1992 in most of the producing nations, . For instance, production of rye in Russia fell from 13.9 (e6t) in 1992 to 2.4 (e6t) in 2020. Corresponding figures for other countries are as follows: Polandfalling from 4.0 (Mt) in 1992 to 2.9 (Mt) in 2020; Belarusfalling from 3.1 (Mt) in 1992 to 1.1 (Mt) in 2020; Chinafalling from 1.7 (Mt) in 1992 to 0.5 (Mt) in 2020. However, production levels rose in Germany from 2.4 (Mt) in 1992 to 3.5 (Mt) in 2020.World trade of rye is low compared with other grains.


Question: Who is the director of this building?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Strapless. Strapless is a 1989 film written and directed by David Hare.## Plot summary.An expatriate American doctor in London allows herself to lighten up when her freewheeling younger sister and a mysterious man enter her life. Her inhibitions released, the beautiful doctor learns that freedom has its own price.Blair Brown – Dr. Lillian HempelBruno Ganz – Raymond ForbesBridget Fonda – Amy HempelAlan Howard – Mr. CooperMichael Gough – Douglas BrodieHugh Laurie – ColinDana Gillespie – Julie KovagoSpencer Leigh – HusAlexandra Pigg - Helen## Release.After the film's May 1990 U.S. theatrical release, it was released on videocassette in the United States by.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this animal?

Instruction: You have to find a Wikipedia segment that answers the question about the displayed image.

Jaguar. The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a large cat species and the only living member of the genus "Panthera" native to the Americas. With a body length of up to 1.85 (m) and a weight of up to 158 (kg), it is the largest cat species in the Americas and the third largest in the world. Its distinctively marked coat features pale yellow to tan colored fur covered by spots that transition to rosettes on the sides, although a melanistic black coat appears in some individuals. The jaguar's powerful bite allows it to pierce the carapaces of turtles and tortoises, and.

Jaguar. of several. Later consideration of his work suggested only three subspecies should be recognized. The description of "P. o. palustris" was based on a fossil skull.By 2005, nine subspecies were considered to be valid taxa.Reginald Innes Pocock placed the jaguar in the genus "Panthera" and observed that it shares several morphological features with the leopard ("P. pardus"). He, therefore, concluded that they are most closely related to each other. Results of morphological and genetic research indicate a clinal north–south variation between populations, but no evidence for subspecific differentiation. DNA analysis of 84 jaguar samples from South America revealed that the.

Jaguar. gene flow between jaguar populations in Colombia was high in the past. Since 2017, the jaguar is considered to be a monotypic taxon.## Evolution.The "Panthera" lineage is estimated to have genetically diverged from the common ancestor of the Felidae around to ,and the geographic origin of the genus is most likely northern Central Asia.Some genetic analyses place the jaguar as a sister species to the lion with which it diverged , but other studies place the lion closer to the leopard.The lineage of the jaguar appears to have originated in Africa and spread to Eurasia 1.95–1.77 mya. The modern species.

Jaguar. may have descended from "Panthera gombaszoegensis", which is thought to have entered the American continent via Beringia, the land bridge that once spanned the Bering Strait. Fossils of modern jaguars have been found in North America dating to over 850,000 years ago. Results of mitochondrial DNA analysis of 37 jaguars indicate that current populations evolved between 510,000 and 280,000 years ago in northern South America and subsequently recolonized North and Central America after the extinction of jaguars there during the Late Pleistocene.Two extinct subspecies of jaguar are recognized in the fossil record: the North American "P. o. augusta" and South.

Jaguar. to the base of the tail varies from 1.12 to 1.85 (m). The tail is 45 to 75 (cm) long and the shortest of any big cat.Its muscular legs are shorter than the legs of other "Panthera" species with similar body weight.Further variations in size have been observed across regions and habitats, with size tending to increase from north to south. Jaguars in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve on the Pacific coast of central Mexico weighed around 50 (kg), which is about the size of a female cougar ("Puma concolor").Jaguars in Venezuela and Brazil are much larger, with average weights of.


Question: What event does this building commemorate?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. The Monument to the Great Fire of London, more commonly known simply as the Monument, is a fluted Doric column in London, England, situated near the northern end of London Bridge. Commemorating the Great Fire of London, it stands at the junction of Monument Street and Fish Street Hill, 202 (ft) in height and 202 feet west of the spot in Pudding Lane (although this is thought to be wrong as historic blueprints show it started next door) where the Great Fire started on 2 September 1666. Constructed between 1671 and 1677, it was built on the site of St.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. Margaret, New Fish Street, the first church to be destroyed by the Great Fire. It is Grade I-listed and is a scheduled monument. Another monument, the Golden Boy of Pye Corner, marks the point near Smithfield where the fire was stopped.The Monument comprises a Doric column built of Portland stone topped with a gilded urn of fire. It was designed by Christopher Wren and Robert Hooke. Its height marks its distance from the site of the shop of Thomas Farriner (or Farynor), the king's baker, where the blaze began.The viewing platform near the top of the Monument is reached by.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. a narrow winding staircase of 345 steps. A mesh cage was added in the mid-19th century to prevent people jumping to the ground, after six people died by suicide there between 1788 and 1842.Three sides of the base carry inscriptions in Latin. The one on the south side describes actions taken by King Charles II following the fire. The inscription on the east side describes how the Monument was started and brought to perfection, and under which mayors. Inscriptions on the north side describe how the fire started, how much damage it caused, and how it was eventually extinguished. The.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. Latin words "Sed Furor Papisticus Qui Tamdiu Patravit Nondum Restingvitur" (but Popish frenzy, which wrought such horrors, is not yet quenched) were added to the end of the inscription on the orders of the Court of Aldermen in 1681 during the foment of the Popish Plot. Text on the east side originally falsely blamed Roman Catholics for the fire ("burning of this protestant city, begun and carried on by the treachery and malice of the popish faction"), which prompted Alexander Pope (himself a Catholic) to say of the area:The words blaming Catholics were chiselled out with Catholic Emancipation in 1830.The.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. west side of the base displays a sculpture, by Caius Gabriel Cibber, in alto and bas relief, of the destruction of the City; with Charles II and his brother, James, the Duke of York (later King James II), surrounded by liberty, architecture, and science, giving directions for its restoration.It gives its name to the nearby London Underground station, Monument.## History.The first Rebuilding Act, passed in 1669, stipulated that "the better to preserve the memory of this dreadful visitation", a column of either brass or stone should be set up on Fish Street Hill, on or near the site of Farynor's.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. bakery, where the fire began. Christopher Wren, as surveyor-general of the King's Works, was asked to submit a design. Wren worked with Robert Hooke on the design. It is impossible to know the extent of the collaboration between Hooke and Wren, but Hooke's drawings of possible designs for the column still exist, with Wren's signature on them indicating his approval of the drawings rather than their authorship. It was not until 1671 that the City Council approved the design, and it took six years to complete the 202 (ft) column. It was two more years before the inscription (which had.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. been left to Wren—or to Wren's choice—to decide upon) was set in place. "Commemorating—with a brazen disregard for the truth—the fact that 'London rises again...three short years complete that which was considered the work of ages.Hooke's surviving drawings show that several versions of the monument were submitted for consideration: a plain obelisk, a column garnished with tongues of fire, and the fluted Doric column that was eventually chosen. The real contention came with the problem of what type of ornament to have at the top. Initially, Wren favoured a statue of a phoenix with outstretched wings rising from the ashes,.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. but as the column neared completion he decided instead on a 15 (ft) statue either of Charles II, or a sword-wielding female to represent a triumphant London; the cost of either being estimated at £1,050. Charles himself disliked the idea of his statue atop the monument and instead preferred a simple copper-gilded ball "with flames sprouting from the top", costing a little over £325, but ultimately it was the design of a flaming gilt-bronze urn suggested by Robert Hooke that was chosen.The total cost of the monument was £13,450 11"s" 9"d.", of which £11,300 was paid to the mason-contractor Joshua.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. Marshall. (Joshua Marshall was Master of the Masons' Company in 1670.)The Edinburgh-born writer James Boswell visited the Monument in 1763 to climb the 311 steps to what was then the highest viewpoint in London. Halfway up, he suffered a panic attack, but persevered and made it to the top, where he found it "horrid to be so monstrous a way up in the air, so far above London and all its spires".The area around the base of the column, Monument Street, was pedestrianised in 2006 in a £790,000 street improvement scheme.The Monument closed in July 2007 for an 18-month, £4.5.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. million refurbishment project and re-opened in February 2009.Between 1 and 2 October 2011, a Live Music Sculpture created especially for the Monument by British composer Samuel Bordoli was performed 18 times during the weekend. This was the first occasion that music had ever been heard inside the structure and effectively transformed Wren's design into a gigantic reverberating musical instrument.## As a scientific instrument.Wren and Hooke built the monument to double-up as a scientific instrument. It has a central shaft meant for use as a zenith telescope and for use in gravity and pendulum experiments that connects to an underground laboratory.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. for observers to work (accessible through a hatch in the floor of the present-day ticket booth). Vibrations from heavy traffic on Fish Street Hill rendered the experimental conditions unsuitable.At the top of the monument, a hinged lid in the urn covers the opening to the shaft. The steps in the shaft of the tower are all 6 (in) high, allowing them to be used for barometric pressure studies.In a study published in 2020, researchers from Queen Mary University of London used the shaft of the monument stairwell to measure deformation in a hanging wire. By twisting and untwisting a wire.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. hanging down the shaft of the stairwell, they were able to detect deformation at less than 9 parts per billion—equivalent to a one-degree twist over the length of the 50 (metre) wire.## Panoramic camera system.During the 2007–2009 refurbishment, a 360-degree panoramic camera was installed on top of the Monument. Updated every minute and running 24 hours a day, it provides a record of weather, building and ground activity in the City.## Monument Square.The Monument stands in Monument Square, formerly known as Monument Yard which was merged into Monument Street in 1911, created as part of the pedestrianisation of Monument Street.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. It sits on the east side of Fish Street Hill, and extends to Pudding Lane. A glass pavilion, designed by Bere Architects, was unveiled on 31 January 2007. William Godwin, in his novel "Deloraine" (1833), suggests that, like "the man we are told of, who climbed over the rails at the top of the Monument of London, and clung to them for a while on the outside, there was not room for repentance", meaning that there was no way for the hero, who has just killed his rival, to go back (147). Charles Dickens, in his novel "Martin Chuzzlewit", published.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. in 1844, describes the Monument thus: The Monument is a prominent setting in "The System of the World", the third book in Neal Stephenson's "Baroque Cycle". George, the hero of Charlie Fletcher's children's book about unLondon "Stoneheart", has a fight at the top of the Monument with a raven and a gargoyle. In Robert J. Lloyd's mystery novel "The Bloodless Boy", Robert Hooke (designer of the Monument with Christopher Wren), investigates the sinister death of a blood-drained boy discovered on the banks of the River Fleet. Hooke's assistant, Harry Hunt, witnessing another murder, is chased up to the top of.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. the monument. The Monument's viewing platform features in the 1970 film "The Man Who Haunted Himself" where Roger Moore's character, Harold Pelham, meets a company rival for a secret meeting prior to a company takeover.## In fiction.In the 2022 novel, The Pox Academy, by Warren Mead, the main characters fight an epic battle in the Monument. They end up in a secret nightclub underneath the Monument which is controlled by the league of Fire Witches. History of London Godwin, William. "Deloraine" in "Collected Novels and Memoirs of William Godwin" vol. 8, ed. Maurice Hindle. London: William Pickering, 1992. Hart, V.,.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. 'London’s Standard: Christopher Wren and the Heraldry of the Monument’, in "RES: Journal of Anthropology and Aesthetics", vol.73/74, Autumn 2020, pp. 325–39 Hart, V., "Christopher Wren: In Search of Eastern Antiquity" (Yale University Press, 2020) Jardine, L., "On a Grander Scale: The Outstanding Career of Sir Christopher Wren" ( hardback, paperback) Official Monument website City of London Monument pageHistory of The Monument with some account of the great fire of London, which it commemorates (1921), by Charles Welch3D photoscan of the base or the Monument showing Latin inscription.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this fish?

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Bonefish. The bonefish ("Albula vulpes") is the type species of the bonefish family (Albulidae), the only family in order Albuliformes.## History.Bonefish were once believed to be a single species with a global distribution, however 9 different species have since been identified. There are three identified species in the Atlantic and six in the Pacific. "Albula vulpes" is the largest and most widespread of the Atlantic species.## Description.The bonefish weighs up to 14 (lb) and measures up to 79 (cm) long. The color of bonefish can range from very silver sides and slight darker backs to olive green backs that blend to.

Bonefish. bonefish live in shallow inshore water, fishing may be done by wading or from a shallow-draft boat. Bonefishing is mostly done for the sport, so the fish are released, but they may also be eaten in less developed areas. A typical Bahamian recipe is a split fish seasoned with pepper sauce and salt, then baked.Bonefish are notoriously wary and great skill must be taken both in approach and presentation when fishing for them. English speaking fishermen often refer to them as “grey ghosts." Atlantic tarpon Ladyfish Milkfish Adams, A., et al. 2012. "Albula vulpes". In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Ranunculus. again when Eagle snatched them. Unable to see, Coyote made eyes from the buttercup.## Splitting of the genus.Molecular investigation of the genus has revealed that "Ranunculus" is not monophyletic with respect to a number of other recognized genera in the family—e.g. "Ceratocephala", "Halerpestes", "Hamadryas", "Laccopetalum", "Myosurus", "Oxygraphis", "Paroxygraphis" and "Trautvetteria". A proposal to split "Ranunculus" into several genera has thus been published in a new classification for the tribe Ranunculeae. The split (and often re-recognized) genera include "Arcteranthis" Greene, "Beckwithia" Jeps., "Callianthemoides" Tamura, "Coptidium" (Prantl) Beurl. ex Rydb., "Cyrtorhyncha" Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray, "Ficaria" Guett., "Krapfia" DC., "Kumlienia" E.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Melia azedarach. Melia azedarach, commonly known as the chinaberry tree, pride of India, bead-tree, Cape lilac, syringa berrytree, Persian lilac, Indian lilac, or white cedar, is a species of deciduous tree in the mahogany family, Meliaceae, that is native to Indomalaya and Australasia.## Description.The fully grown tree has a rounded crown, and commonly measures 7 – 12 (m) tall, exceptionally 45 (m).The leaves are up to 50 (cm) long, alternate, long-petioled, two or three times compound (odd-pinnate); the leaflets are dark green above and lighter green below, with serrate margins.The flowers are small and fragrant, with five pale purple or lilac petals,.

Melia azedarach. growing in clusters.The fruit is a drupe, marble-sized, light yellow at maturity, hanging on the tree all winter, and gradually becoming wrinkled and almost white.As the stem ages and grows, changes occur that transform its surface into bark.## Chemistry.Italo et al 2009 and Safithri and Sari 2016 report flavonoids and phenols found in "M. azedarach".## Taxonomy.The genus name "Melia" is derived from (), the Greek word used by Theophrastus (c. 371 – c. 287 BC) for "Fraxinus ornus", which has similar leaves. The species "azedarach" is from the French 'azédarac' which in turn is from the Persian 'āzād dirakht' (ازادرخت.

Melia azedarach. ) meaning 'free- or noble tree'."Melia azedarach" should not be confused with the "Azadirachta" trees, which are in the same family, but a different genus.## Ecology.Some hummingbirds like the sapphire-spangled emerald ("Amazilia lactea"), glittering-bellied emerald ("Chlorostilbon lucidus") and planalto hermit ("Phaethornis pretrei") have been recorded as feeding on and pollinating the flowers; these only take it opportunistically.## As an invasive species.The plant was introduced around 1830 as an ornamental in the United States (South Carolina and Georgia) and widely planted in southern states. Today it is considered an invasive species by some groups as far north as Virginia and Oklahoma.

Melia azedarach. But nurseries continue to sell the trees, and seeds are also widely available. It has become naturalized to tropical and warm temperate regions of the Americas and is planted in similar climates around the world. Besides the problem of toxicity, its usefulness as a shade tree in the United States is diminished by its tendency to sprout where unwanted and to turn sidewalks into dangerously slippery surfaces when the fruits fall, though this is not a problem where songbird populations are in good shape. As noted above, the possibility of commercially profitable harvesting of feral stands remains largely unexplored.## Toxicity.The.

Melia azedarach. fruits have evolved to be eaten by animals which eat the flesh surrounding the hard endocarp or ingest the entire fruit and later vent the endocarp. If the endocarp is crushed or damaged during ingestion or digestion, the animal will be exposed to the toxins within the seed. The processes of mastication and digestion, and the degree of immunity to the particular toxins, vary widely between species, and there will accordingly be a great variation in the clinical symptoms following ingestion.Fruits are poisonous or narcotic to humans if eaten in quantity. However, like those of the yew tree, these toxins.

Melia azedarach. are not harmful to birds, who gorge themselves on the fruit, eventually reaching a "drunken" state. The birds that are able to eat the fruit spread the seeds in their droppings. The toxins are neurotoxins and unidentified resins, found mainly in the fruits. The first symptoms of poisoning appear a few hours after ingestion. They may include loss of appetite, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, bloody faeces, stomach pain, pulmonary congestion, cardiac arrest, rigidity, lack of coordination and general weakness. Death may take place after about 24 hours. Like in relatives, tetranortriterpenoids constitute an important toxic principle. These are chemically related.

Melia azedarach. to azadirachtin, the primary insecticidal compound in the commercially important neem oil. These compounds are probably related to the wood and seed's resistance to pest infestation, and maybe to the unattractiveness of the flowers to animals.The plant is toxic to cats.## Uses.The main utility of chinaberry is its timber. This is of medium density, and ranges in colour from light brown to dark red. In appearance it is readily confused with the unrelated Burmese teak ("Tectona grandis"). "Melia azedarach" – in keeping with other members of the family Meliaceae – has a timber of high quality, but as opposed to.

Melia azedarach. many almost-extinct species of mahogany, it is under-utilised. Seasoning is relatively simple, in that planks dry without cracking or warping and are resistant to fungal infection. The taste of the leaves is not as bitter as neem ("Azadirachta indica").The tough five-grooved seeds were widely used for making rosaries and other products requiring beads; however, the seeds were later replaced by plastics. The cut branches with mature fruit are sold commercially to the florist and landscaping trade particularly as a component for outdoor holiday décor. The fruits may persist for some time prior to shattering off the stem or discoloring, which.

Melia azedarach. occurs rapidly after a relatively short time in subfreezing weather.In Kenya the trees have been grown by farmers and used as fodder trees. The leaves can be fed to cattle to improve milk yields and improve farm incomes.In Australia, particularly the suburbs of Melbourne, the tree is often used in nature strip plantings by local councils. The councils plant such trees for amenity reasons as well as environmental, social and economic benefits.Leaves have been used as a natural insecticide to keep with stored food, but must not be eaten as they are highly poisonous. Chinaberry fruit was used to prevent.

Melia azedarach. insect larvae from growing in the fruit. By placing the berries in drying apples (etc.) and keeping the fruit turned in the sun without damaging any of the chinaberry skin, the fruit will dry and not have insect larvae in the dried apples.A diluted infusion of leaves and trees has been used in the past to induce uterus relaxation. [arolus] (1753): "Species Plantarum" 1: 384–385. Tropicos - Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, Missouri. (2005): Beija-flores (Aves, Trochilidae) e seus recursos florais em uma área urbana do Sul do Brasil [Hummingbirds (Aves, Trochilidae) and their flowers in an urban area of.

Melia azedarach. southern Brazil]. [Portuguese with English abstract] "Revista Brasileira de Zoologia" 22(1): 51–59. PDF fulltext. (2005): ""Melia azedarach". In: "Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas: 96–97". Version of 2005-SEP-05. PDF fulltext. (1997): "Melia azedarach"". In: "Poisonous Plants of North Carolina". Retrieved 2008-JAN-26. Melia azederach (PDF) SerTox: FAQ about toxic plants.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Nepenthes. Nepenthes () is a genus of carnivorous plants, also known as tropical pitcher plants, or monkey cups, in the monotypic family Nepenthaceae. The genus includes about 170 species, and numerous natural and many cultivated hybrids. They are mostly liana-forming plants of the Old World tropics, ranging from South China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines; westward to Madagascar (two species) and the Seychelles (one); southward to Australia (four) and New Caledonia (one); and northward to India (one) and Sri Lanka (one). The greatest diversity occurs on Borneo, Sumatra, and the Philippines, with many endemic species. Many are plants of hot, humid,.

Nepenthes. × "N. ampullaria")"N." 'D'amato' ("N. lowii" × "N. ventricosa")"N." × "mixta" ("N. northiana" × "N. maxima")"N." 'Syurga' ("N. ventricosa" × "N. northiana")"N." 'Menarik' ("N. rafflesiana" × "N. veitchii")"N." 'Emmarene' ("N. khasiana" × "N. ventricosa")"N." 'Judith Finn' ("N. spathulata" × "N. veitchii") "Nepenthes" classification "Nepenthes" infauna List of "Nepenthes" endophyte species Danser's Monograph on "Nepenthes" (covers species from Malaysia, Indonesia and New Guinea, but not elsewhere) Nepenthaceae in: Watson, L., and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The Families of Flowering Plants. Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, Information Retrieval. Beaver, R.A. 1983. The communities living in "Nepenthes" pitcher plants: fauna and food webs. In:.


Question: What is the vertex figure of this object?

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Octagon. angles total 360°.If squares are constructed all internally or all externally on the sides of an octagon, then the midpoints of the segments connecting the centers of opposite squares form a quadrilateral that is both equidiagonal and orthodiagonal (that is, whose diagonals are equal in length and at right angles to each other).The midpoint octagon of a reference octagon has its eight vertices at the midpoints of the sides of the reference octagon. If squares are constructed all internally or all externally on the sides of the midpoint octagon, then the midpoints of the segments connecting the centers of opposite.

Octagon. squares themselves form the vertices of a square.## Regular octagon.A regular octagon is a closed figure with sides of the same length and internal angles of the same size. It has eight lines of reflective symmetry and rotational symmetry of order 8. A regular octagon is represented by the Schläfli symbol {8}.The internal angle at each vertex of a regular octagon is 135° (formula_1 radians). The central angle is 45° (formula_2 radians).## Area.The area of a regular octagon of side length "a" is given byformula_3In terms of the circumradius "R", the area isformula_4In terms of the apothem "r" (see also.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this animal?

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Collared peccary. family, Suidae. Although formerly classified in the genus Pecari, studies in 2020 placed in the genus "Dicotyles", based on an unequivocal type-species selection; these studies have been accepted by the American Society of Mammalogists. However, the IUCN still places it in the genus "Pecari".## Description.The collared peccary stands around 20 - 24 (in) tall at the shoulder and is about 1.0 - 1.5 (m) long. It weighs between 16 and 27 (kg). The dental formula is: 2/3,1/1,3/3,3/3. The collared peccary has small tusks that point toward the ground when the animal is upright. It has slender legs with a robust.

Collared peccary. peccary (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Tayassuidae, Pecari) from the late Pleistocene of Florida", Richard C. Hulbert, Gary S. Morgan & Andreas Kerner), proving that at some point in the late Pleistocene the species had already inhabited part of the Southern US.## Diet.Collared peccaries are often classified as herbivores. They normally feed on cactus, mesquite beans, fruits, berries, seeds, roots, tubers, bulbs, palm nuts, grasses, other green vegetation, fungi, and insects. However, they will also eat eggs, snakes, fish, frogs, lizards, dead birds, and rodents if the opportunity presents itself. Despite all this supplementary diet, the main dietary components of this species are.

Collared peccary. active at night, but less so in daytime.Although they usually ignore humans, they will react if they feel threatened. They defend themselves with their tusks. A collared peccary can release a strong musk or give a sharp bark if it is alarmed. Amazonian people such as the Shipibos frequently tame collared peccaries when young ones are encountered. They will also rub their scent on rocks and tree stumps to mark their territory, and rub the scent on each other to help with identification.## The "giant peccary".The giant peccary (described as "Pecari maximus") was a purported fourth species of peccary, first.

Collared peccary. American specimens, and a clade comprising South American specimens (the presumed contact zone is in Colombia, which has both clades). Furthermore, extensive infraspecific variations (both individual and locality-based) are known in the morphology of the collared peccary. Smithsonian Institution - North American Mammals: "Pecari tajacu" Smithsonian Wild: "Pecari tajacu"Arizona Game and Fish Department – Living With Javelina## External links.


Question: In which year was this facility retired from operational service?

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Battersea Power Station. on the south bank of the River Thames, in Nine Elms, Battersea, an inner-city district of South West London, the building comprises two power stations, built in two stages in a single building. Battersea A Power Station was built in the 1930s and Battersea B Power Station, to its east, in the 1950s. They were built to a near-identical design, providing the four-chimney structure.The Power Station was decommissioned between 1975 and 1983 and remained empty until 2014. It was designated as a Grade II listed building in 1980. In 2007 its listed status was upgraded to Grade II*.The station is.

Battersea Power Station. 32 { "x": 1984, "y": 0 { "x": 1961, "y": 830 ] ], "scales": [ "name": "x", "type": "ordinal", "range": "width", "zero": false, "domain": { "data": "table", "field": "x" }, "name": "y", "type": "linear", "range": "height", "nice": true, "domain": { "data": "table", "field": "y" "axes": [ "type": "x", "scale": "x" { "type": "y", "scale": "y" ], "marks": [ "type": "rect", "from": { "data": "table" "properties": { "enter": { "x": { "scale": "x", "field": "x" "y": { "scale": "y", "field": "y" "y2": { "scale": "y", "value": 0 "fill": { "value": "steelblue" "width": { "scale": "x", "band": "true", "offset": -1}</graph>## Closure and.

Battersea Power Station. heritage site in 1980, when the Secretary of State for the Environment, Michael Heseltine, awarded the building Grade II listed status. (This was upgraded to Grade II* listed in 2007.) On 31 October 1983 production of electricity at Station B also ended, after nearly 30 years of operation. By then the B Station's generating capacity had fallen to 146 MW. The closure of the two stations was put down largely to the generating equipment becoming outdated, and the preferred choice of fuel for electricity generation shifting from coal toward oil, gas and nuclear power.## Theme park proposal.Following the station's closure,.

Battersea Power Station. the Central Electricity Generating Board had planned to demolish the station and sell the land for housing, but because of the building's then Grade II listed status, they had to pay the high cost of preserving the building. In 1983 they held a competition for ideas on the redevelopment of the site. It was won by a consortium led by developer David Roche and which included John Broome, owner of Alton Towers Ltd. This consortium proposed an indoor theme park, with shops and restaurants. At an estimated cost of £35 million, the scheme was risky and would require over 2.


Question: Where is this insect originally discovered?

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Phoebis sennae. on nectar from many different flowers with long tubes including cordia, bougainvillea, cardinal flower, hibiscus, lantana, and wild morning glory. The larvae also feed on sennas and partridge peas."Senna hebecarpa" (American senna) is a larval host and nectar source for the cloudless sulphur butterfly in the Eastern United States.## Life cycle.The breeding season is dependent on the climate of the area, from midsummer to fall in the cooler areas, to year-round where the climate is warmer.## Egg.The cloudless sulphur starts off as a pitcher-shaped white egg. Eventually it will turn to a pale orange. The egg stage lasts six days.##.

Phoebis sennae. wings.## Adult.The male butterfly is clear yellow above and yellow or mottled with reddish brown below and the female is lemon yellow to golden or white on both surfaces, with varying amounts of black spotting along the margin and a black open square or star on the bottom forewing. Wingspan: 63 - 78 (mm).## Subspecies.Listed alphabetically:"P. s. amphitrite" – Chile "P. s. sennae" or "P. s. eubule" – Jamaica, South Carolina, Kansas, Virginia, Florida, Cuba"P. s. marcellina" – Mexico, Uruguay, Galapagos, Suriname, Honduras, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, PeruCloudless Sulphur, Butterflies of North Carolina OnlineVideo of Phoebis Sennae pupating and emerging, on.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this bird?

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Black phoebe. The black phoebe (Sayornis nigricans) is a passerine bird in the tyrant-flycatcher family. It breeds from southwest Oregon and California south through Central and South America. It occurs year-round throughout most of its range and migrates less than the other birds in its genus, though its northern populations are partially migratory. Six subspecies are commonly recognized, although two are occasionally combined as a separate species, the white-winged phoebe.The black phoebe has predominantly black plumage, with a white belly and undertail coverts. The sexes are identical in color, and juveniles have brown feather tips and brown wing-bars. Its song is a.

Black phoebe. repeated "tee-hee, tee ho". It lives in a variety of habitats but is always near water. It is mainly insectivorous and waits on a perch before sallying out and catching its prey in the air. It makes an open cup nest which is placed under a cliff or a bridge and cemented in its place with mud.## Description.The black phoebe is a medium-sized flycatcher, being 16 (cm) in length and weighing 15 to 22 (g). It has predominantly black plumage, with white on its belly and undertail coverts. The white forms an inverted "V" in the lower breast. The sexes.

Black phoebe. are identical and plumage does not vary seasonally. Juveniles have browner plumage, cinnamon-brown feather tips on their body, and brown wing-bars. The bird has brown irises and black legs, feet, and beak.The phoebe can be recognized by a characteristic "tail-wagging" motion, in which the tail is lowered and the tail's feathers fanned out. It accomplishes almost all locomotion by flight, which is direct, with steady wing beats. Its song consists of two alternating phrases ("tee-hee, tee-ho" or "sisee, sitsew"). The song can be heard from both sexes, but is more commonly sung by males.## Systematics.The phoebes are a genus, "Sayornis",.

Black phoebe. of birds in the tyrant flycatcher family. The flycatchers are the largest family of birds on earth, with over 400 known species. The genus name was given by George Robert Gray of the British Museum, and is named after Thomas Say, an American naturalist. The species name, "nigricans", is Latin for "blackish", and was given by William John Swainson in 1827.The black phoebe has six subspecies, but these can be divided into two groups which are sometimes considered to be separate species: the "nigricans" group (black phoebe) and the "latirostris" group (white-winged phoebe). The first group contains four subspecies, the.

Black phoebe. second group two.## Distribution and habitat.The black phoebe breeds in the west and southwest United States, Mexico and Central America, and parts of South America. In Oregon it is found in river valleys on the Pacific coast, and in California on the western side of Coast Ranges. It breeds throughout the Colorado River valley and occasionally is found to the north in southern Nevada and southwestern Utah, as well as Arizona and central New Mexico. In Central America it breeds on Baja California, except for the central part of the peninsula, and on interior mainland Mexico southwest to Panama, excluding.

Black phoebe. El Salvador. In South America it is found in the coastal mountains of Venezuela, through Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, to western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina.It lives year-round in most of its range and is more sedentary (non-migratory) than either of the other phoebes in its genus (Eastern or Say's), although northern populations may be partially migratory. It is always found near water and is often found at coastal cliffs, river/lake banks, or even park fountains. Habitats must also include a supply of mud for nest building, and the birds' specialized nesting requirements probably cause their somewhat irregular range. Black phoebe.

Black phoebe. - "Sayornis nigricans" - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

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Little blue heron. The little blue heron (Egretta caerulea) is a small heron belonging to the genus "Egretta". Found throughout the New World, from the United States to South America, they live in a variety of aquatic ecosystems. They are small and darkly colored as adults, although juveniles are white. They are predators that hunt fish and other animals, typically alone. They nest in trees with other species of birds. They lay anywhere between two and five eggs, with the number varying significantly throughout their range. Their numbers are declining, for reasons not entirely understood.## Taxonomy.The little blue heron was first described as.

Little blue heron. "Ardea caerulea" by Carl Linnaeus in his 10th edition of "Systema Naturae". It is now a member of the genus "Egretta".## Distribution and habitat.## Distribution."Egretta caerulea" can be found regularly in the United States, Mexico, Central America, northern South America (including Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru), and numerous Caribbean islands (including Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola). They have been recorded as a vagrant in Greenland, Portugal, and South Africa. Whether or not their range is declining is unknown. In the United States, they can be found from Missouri to Virginia to Florida. They are more common in peninsular Florida than the Florida.

Little blue heron. "Egretta caerulea" are not well researched. They could include development along coastlines, habitat disturbance, predators, pesticide exposure, and parasites. The metals cadmium and lead have been found to lead to slower growth rates and higher death rates, repectively, of young birds. Field guide on Flickr Florida Bird Sounds - Florida Museum of Natural History.


Question: What are the locomotion methods of this animal?

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Hedgehog. belly, which are not quilled. Since the effectiveness of this strategy depends on the number of spines, some desert hedgehogs that evolved to carry less weight are more likely to flee or attack, ramming an intruder with the spines; rolling into a spiny ball for those species is a last resort. Hedgehogs are primarily nocturnal, though some species can also be active during the day. Hedgehogs sleep for a large portion of the day under bushes, grasses, rocks, or most commonly in dens dug in the ground, with varying habits among the species. All wild hedgehogs can hibernate, though not.


Question: Who is the discoverer or inventor of this drink?

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Bénédictine. Bénédictine () is a herbal liqueur produced in France. It was developed by wine merchant Alexandre Le Grand in the 19th century, and is reputedly flavored with twenty-seven flowers, berries, herbs, roots, and spices. A drier version, B&B, blending Bénédictine with brandy, was developed in the 1930s.## History.In 1863 Alexandre Le Grand developed a recipe for an herbal liqueur, helped by a local chemist, from old medicinal recipes that he had acquired from a religious foundation where a maternal grandparent had held office as a fiscal prosecutor. To market it, he embellished a story of it having been developed by.


Question: Which mountain range is this mountain belong to?

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Salève. The Salève (), or Mont Salève, is a mountain of the French Prealps located in the department of Haute-Savoie in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is also called the "Balcony of Geneva" (French: "Balcon de Genève").## Geography.Geographically, the Salève is a mountain of the French Prealps located in the Haute-Savoie department, but geologically a part of the Jura chain, as the Vuache is. Below the Salève is the Geneva urban area where more than 700,000 people live.The Salève consists of the Pitons, Grand Salève and Petit Salève; it culminates at 1,379 metres at the Grand Piton. It is accessible via the Téléphérique du.


Question: What is the weight of a male of this bird in kilogram?

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Muscovy duck. grow to 3 (kg), roughly half the males' size. The bird is predominantly black and white, with the back feathers being iridescent and glossy in males, while the females are more drab. The amount of white on the neck and head is variable, as well as the bill, which can be yellow, pink, black, or any mixture of these colors. It may have white patches or bars on the wings, which become more noticeable during flight. Both sexes have pink or red wattles around the bill, those of the male being larger and more brightly colored.Although the Muscovy duck is.

Muscovy duck. ("mute duck").## Description.All Muscovy ducks have long claws on their feet and a wide, flat tail. In the domestic drake (male), length is about 86 (cm) and weight is 4.6 - 6.8 (kg), while the domestic hen (female) is much smaller, at 64 (cm) in length and 2.7 - 3.6 (kg) in weight. Large domesticated males often weigh up to 8 (kg), and large domesticated females up to 5 (kg).The true wild Muscovy duck, from which all domestic Muscovies originated, is blackish, with large white wing patches. Length can range from 66 to 84 (cm), wingspan from 137 to 152.

Muscovy duck. and blue eyes, others a light brown crown and dark markings on their nape. They are agile and speedy precocial birds.The drake has a low breathy call, and the hen a quiet trilling coo.The karyotype of the Muscovy duck is 2n=80, consisting of three pairs of macrochromosomes, 36 pairs of microchromosomes, and a pair of sex chromosomes. The two largest macrochromosome pairs are submetacentric, while all other chromosomes are acrocentric or probably telocentric for the smallest microchromosomes. The submetacentric chromosomes and the Z (female) chromosome show rather little constitutive heterochromatin (C bands), while the W chromosomes are at least two-thirds.

Muscovy duck. (note the submerged female in the image below). Domestic Muscovy ducks can breed up to three times each year.The hen lays a clutch of 8–16 white eggs, usually in a tree hole or hollow, which are incubated for 35 days. The sitting hen will leave the nest once a day from 20 minutes to one and a half hours, and will then defecate, drink water, eat and sometimes bathe. Once the eggs begin to hatch, it may take 24 hours for all the chicks to break through their shells. When feral chicks are born, they usually stay with their mother.