Question: In which year was this place invented or discovered?

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Pulsar. on August 6, 1967 from a newly commissioned radio telescope that she helped build. Initially dismissed as radio interference by her supervisor, Antony Hewish, developer of the telescope, the fact that the signals always appeared at the same declination and right ascension soon ruled out a terrestrial source. On November 28, 1967, Bell and Hewish using a fast recorder resolved the signals as a series of pulses, evenly spaced every 1.33 seconds. No astronomical object of this nature had ever been observed before. On December 21, Bell discovered a second pulsar, quashing speculation that these might be signals beamed at.

Pulsar. name for intelligent beings of extraterrestrial origin).It was not until a second pulsating source was discovered in a different part of the sky that the "LGM hypothesis" was entirely abandoned. Their pulsar was later dubbed CP 1919, and is now known by a number of designators including PSR B1919+21 and PSR J1921+2153. Although CP 1919 emits in radio wavelengths, pulsars have subsequently been found to emit in visible light, X-ray, and gamma ray wavelengths.The word "pulsar" first appeared in print in 1968: The existence of neutron stars was first proposed by Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky in 1934, when they.

Pulsar. argued that a small, dense star consisting primarily of neutrons would result from a supernova. Based on the idea of magnetic flux conservation from magnetic main sequence stars, Lodewijk Woltjer proposed in 1964 that such neutron stars might contain magnetic fields as large as 1014 to 1016 gausses (=1010 to 1012 teslas). In 1967, shortly before the discovery of pulsars, Franco Pacini suggested that a rotating neutron star with a magnetic field would emit radiation, and even noted that such energy could be pumped into a supernova remnant around a neutron star, such as the Crab Nebula. After the discovery.

Pulsar. of the first pulsar, Thomas Gold independently suggested a rotating neutron star model similar to that of Pacini, and explicitly argued that this model could explain the pulsed radiation observed by Bell Burnell and Hewish. In 1968, Richard V. E. Lovelace with collaborators discovered period formula_1 ms of the Crab Nebula pulsar using Arecibo Observatory.The discovery of the Crab pulsar provided confirmation of the rotating neutron star model of pulsars. The Crab pulsar 33-millisecond pulse period was too short to be consistent with other proposed models for pulsar emission. Moreover, the Crab pulsar is so named because it is located.

Pulsar. as a system of Galactic clocks. Disturbances in the clocks will be measurable at Earth. A disturbance from a passing gravitational wave will have a particular signature across the ensemble of pulsars, and will be thus detected.## Significant pulsars.The pulsars listed here were either the first discovered of its type, or represent an extreme of some type among the known pulsar population, such as having the shortest measured period. The first radio pulsar "CP 1919" (now known as PSR B1919+21), with a pulse period of 1.337 seconds and a pulse width of 0.04-second, was discovered in 1967. The first binary.


Question: What is the highest observed lifespan of this animal?

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Groundhog. "M. monax" to thrive.## Survival.In the wild, groundhogs can live up to six years with two or three being average. In captivity, groundhogs reportedly live up to 14 years. Human development, which often produces openings juxtaposed with second growth trees that are incidentally also favored by groundhogs, often ensures that groundhogs in well-developed areas are nearly free of predators, beyond humans (through various forms of pest control or roadkills) or mid-to-large sized dogs.Wild predators of adult groundhogs in most of eastern North America include coyotes, badgers, bobcats, and foxes (largely only red fox). Many of these predators are successful stealth.

Groundhog. twenty inches to three feet (20 - 36 (in)) below ground surface. It is about 16 (in) wide and 14 (in) high. There are typically two burrow openings or holes. One is the main entrance, the other a spy hole. Description of the length of the burrow often includes side galleries. Excluding side galleries, Schoonmaker reports the longest was 24 (ft), and the average length of eleven dens was 14 (ft). W. H. Fisher investigated nine burrows, finding the deepest point 49 (in) down. The longest, including side galleries, was . Numbers of burrows per individual groundhog decrease with urbanization.Bachman.


Question: Which place is this animal endemic to?

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Strecker's chorus frog. Strecker's chorus frog ("Pseudacris streckeri") is a species of nocturnal tree frog native to the south central United States, from southern Kansas, through Oklahoma and east to Arkansas, the northwestern tip of Louisiana and south throughouth much of Texas.## Description.Strecker's chorus frogs can attain a size of approximately 1.5 inches (about 3.5 cm). They vary in color from light grey, brown to green with darker longitudinal blotches, and a distinctive dark spot that runs underneath the eye. Their underside is typically white in color, with yellow or orange around the groin region.Whether this name refers to a species with two.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this bird?

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Golden pheasant. The golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus), also known as the Chinese pheasant, and rainbow pheasant, is a gamebird of the order Galliformes (gallinaceous birds) and the family Phasianidae (pheasants). The genus name is from Ancient Greek "khrusolophos", "with golden crest", and "pictus" is Latin for "painted" from "pingere", "to paint".## Description.It is native to forests in mountainous areas of western China, but feral populations have been established in the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, the Falkland Islands, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. In England they may be found.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this fish?

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Mycteroperca bonaci. Mycteroperca bonaci, the black grouper, black rockfish or marbled rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. Other fish are sometimes called the black grouper including the similar gag grouper ("Mycteroperca microlepis"), the misty grouper ("Hyporthodus mystacinus"), and the critically endangered Warsaw grouper ("Epinephelus nigritus"). This species is found in the western Atlantic Ocean from the northeastern United States to Brazil.## Description."Myctoperca bonaci" has an oblong, laterally compressed body with a standard length which is 3.3 to 3.5 times.

Mycteroperca bonaci. its depth. It has an evenly rounded preopercle with no incisions or lobes at its angle. The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 15-17 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 11-13 soft rays, both fins having rounded margins. The caudal fin is truncate to emarginate, althoughit may be convex if spread widely. This species has an overall t’s an olive grey colour and is marked with dark blotches and brassy hexagonal spots over the head and flanks. The pectoral fins are sooty brown, fading to orange towards the margin; the soft rayed part of the dorsal.

Mycteroperca bonaci. fin and the anal fin, as well as the forward edge of the pelvic fin have a dark margin. This fish attains a maximum total length of 150 (cm), although they are more common at around 70 (cm) and a maximum published weight of 100 (kg).## Distribution."Mycteroperca bonaci" is found in the western Atlantic where its range extends from Cape Canaveral in Florida and Bermuda south to the Bahamas, into the Gulf of Mexico as far north as Alabama and from southern Texas along the coast of Mexico and Cuba. It occurs throughout the Caribbean Sea, along the coast of.

Mycteroperca bonaci. South America to Santa Catarina in Brazil. Its range extends to the Brazilian islands of Trinidade and Fernando de Noronha. There is a gap in its distribution along the northern coast of South America between Paramaribo in Suriname and Maranhao in Brazil. Occurrences in United States waters north to Massachusetts are juveniles and therefore considered vagrants.## Habitat and biology."Mycteroperca bonaci" occurs over rocky bottoms and coral reefs at depths of 10 to 30 (m), however in the eastern Gulf of Mexico it is normally encountered at depths of more than 30 (m). It is usually a solitary species, the adults.

Mycteroperca bonaci. feeding mainly on fishes, such as grunts, snapper and herrings, and the juveniles feed on crustaceans. Black groupers have been recorded forming seasonal feeding aggregations along the outer continental shelf off Brazil, these coincide with spawning aggregations of some fish species the groupers prey on. They are monandric protogynous hermaphrodites and form spawning aggregations which have been reported from in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Females attain sexual maturity at around 5years old and at a length of around 82.6 (cm) and the change of sex to males occurs when they are around 15 years old and at.

Mycteroperca bonaci. a mean length of 121.4 (cm).## Predators and parasites.The recorded predators of "Mycteroperca bonaci" include sandbar shark ("Carcharhinus plumbeus") and great hammerhead ("Sphyrna mokarran") while they may also be prey for great barracuda ("Sphyraena barracuda") and moray eels. Black groupers are hosts to a variety of common parasites which include endoparasites affecting stomach and intestines and ectoparasites which live on its skin.## Taxonomy."Mycteroperca bonaci" was first formally described as "Serranus bonaci" in 1860 by the Cuban zoologist Felipe Poey (1799-1891) with Cuba being given as the type locality.## Utilisation."Mycteroperca bonaci" is quite tasty and an important food fish. It is.

Mycteroperca bonaci. fished for sale and for sport.## Conservation."Mycteroperca bonaci" is an IUCN Red List near threatened species, vulnerable to increases in exploitation because it is a relatively slow breeder.## External links.


Question: What is the facet of this object?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Octagon. In geometry, an octagon (from the Greek ὀκτάγωνον "oktágōnon", "eight angles") is an eight-sided polygon or 8-gon.A "regular octagon" has Schläfli symbol {8} and can also be constructed as a quasiregular truncated square, t{4}, which alternates two types of edges. A truncated octagon, t{8} is a hexadecagon, {16}. A 3D analog of the octagon can be the rhombicuboctahedron with the triangular faces on it like the replaced edges, if one considers the octagon to be a truncated square.## Properties of the general octagon.The sum of all the internal angles of any octagon is 1080°. As with all polygons, the external.

Octagon. angles total 360°.If squares are constructed all internally or all externally on the sides of an octagon, then the midpoints of the segments connecting the centers of opposite squares form a quadrilateral that is both equidiagonal and orthodiagonal (that is, whose diagonals are equal in length and at right angles to each other).The midpoint octagon of a reference octagon has its eight vertices at the midpoints of the sides of the reference octagon. If squares are constructed all internally or all externally on the sides of the midpoint octagon, then the midpoints of the segments connecting the centers of opposite.

Octagon. squares themselves form the vertices of a square.## Regular octagon.A regular octagon is a closed figure with sides of the same length and internal angles of the same size. It has eight lines of reflective symmetry and rotational symmetry of order 8. A regular octagon is represented by the Schläfli symbol {8}.The internal angle at each vertex of a regular octagon is 135° (formula_1 radians). The central angle is 45° (formula_2 radians).## Area.The area of a regular octagon of side length "a" is given byformula_3In terms of the circumradius "R", the area isformula_4In terms of the apothem "r" (see also.

Octagon. inscribed figure), the area isformula_5These last two coefficients bracket the value of pi, the area of the unit circle.The area can also be expressed asformula_6where "S" is the span of the octagon, or the second-shortest diagonal; and "a" is the length of one of the sides, or bases. This is easily proven if one takes an octagon, draws a square around the outside (making sure that four of the eight sides overlap with the four sides of the square) and then takes the corner triangles (these are 45–45–90 triangles) and places them with right angles pointed inward, forming a square.

Octagon. The edges of this square are each the length of the base.Given the length of a side "a", the span "S" isformula_7The span, then, is equal to the "silver ratio" times the side, a.The area is then as above:formula_8Expressed in terms of the span, the area isformula_9Another simple formula for the area is formula_10More often the span "S" is known, and the length of the sides, "a", is to be determined, as when cutting a square piece of material into a regular octagon. From the above,formula_11The two end lengths "e" on each side (the leg lengths of the triangles (green.

Octagon. in the image) truncated from the square), as well as being formula_12 may be calculated asformula_13## Circumradius and inradius.The circumradius of the regular octagon in terms of the side length "a" isformula_14and the inradius isformula_15## Diagonals.The regular octagon, in terms of the side length "a", has three different types of diagonals:Short diagonal;Medium diagonal (also called span or height), which is twice the length of the inradius;Long diagonal, which is twice the length of the circumradius.The formula for each of them follows from the basic principles of geometry. Here are the formulas for their length:Short diagonal: formula_16 ;Medium diagonal: formula_17 ;.

Octagon. ("silver ratio" times a) Long diagonal: formula_18 .## Construction and elementary properties.A regular octagon at a given circumcircle may be constructed as follows:Draw a circle and a diameter AOE, where O is the center and A, E are points on the circumcircle.Draw another diameter GOC, perpendicular to AOE.(Note in passing that A,C,E,G are vertices of a square).Draw the bisectors of the right angles GOA and EOG, making two more diameters HOD and FOB.A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H are the vertices of the octagon.A regular octagon can be constructed using a straightedge and a compass, as 8 = 23, a power of two:The regular octagon.

Octagon. can be constructed with meccano bars. Twelve bars of size 4, three bars of size 5 and two bars of size 6 are required.Each side of a regular octagon subtends half a right angle at the centre of the circle which connects its vertices. Its area can thus be computed as the sum of 8 isosceles triangles, leading to the result:formula_19for an octagon of side "a".## Standard coordinates.The coordinates for the vertices of a regular octagon centered at the origin and with side length 2 are:(±1, ±(1+)) (±(1+), ±1).## Dissection.Coxeter states that every zonogon (a 2"m"-gon whose opposite sides are.

Octagon. parallel and of equal length) can be dissected into "m"("m"-1)/2 parallelograms.In particular this is true for regular polygons with evenly many sides, in which case the parallelograms are all rhombi. For the "regular octagon", "m"=4, and it can be divided into 6 rhombs, with one example shown below. This decomposition can be seen as 6 of 24 faces in a Petrie polygon projection plane of the tesseract. The list defines the number of solutions as 8, by the 8 orientations of this one dissection. These squares and rhombs are used in the Ammann–Beenker tilings.## Skew octagon.A skew octagon is a.

Octagon. skew polygon with 8 vertices and edges but not existing on the same plane. The interior of such an octagon is not generally defined. A "skew zig-zag octagon" has vertices alternating between two parallel planes.A regular skew octagon is vertex-transitive with equal edge lengths. In 3-dimensions it will be a zig-zag skew octagon and can be seen in the vertices and side edges of a square antiprism with the same D4d, [2+,8] symmetry, order 16.## Petrie polygons.The regular skew octagon is the Petrie polygon for these higher-dimensional regular and uniform polytopes, shown in these skew orthogonal projections of in A7,.

Octagon. B4, and D5 Coxeter planes.## Symmetry of octagon.The "regular octagon" has Dih8 symmetry, order 16. There are 3 dihedral subgroups: Dih4, Dih2, and Dih1, and 4 cyclic subgroups: Z8, Z4, Z2, and Z1, the last implying no symmetry.On the regular octagon, there are 11 distinct symmetries. John Conway labels full symmetry as r16. The dihedral symmetries are divided depending on whether they pass through vertices (d for diagonal) or edges (p for perpendiculars) Cyclic symmetries in the middle column are labeled as g for their central gyration orders. Full symmetry of the regular form is r16 and no symmetry is.

Octagon. labeled a1.The most common high symmetry octagons are p8, an isogonal octagon constructed by four mirrors can alternate long and short edges, and d8, an isotoxal octagon constructed with equal edge lengths, but vertices alternating two different internal angles. These two forms are duals of each other and have half the symmetry order of the regular octagon.Each subgroup symmetry allows one or more degrees of freedom for irregular forms. Only the g8 subgroup has no degrees of freedom but can seen as directed edges.## Uses of octagons.The octagonal shape is used as a design element in architecture. The Dome of.


Question: What is the conservation status of this animal? (The status is assigned by the international union for conservation of nature. Choose one among Endangered,Least Concern,Critically Endangered,extinct species,extinct in the wild,Vulnerable,Near Threatened,Data Deficient).

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Common box turtle. additional threat in the form of increased infrastructure, as common box turtles are frequently killed on roads and highways. Collection for the international pet trade may also impact populations in some areas. The life history characteristics of the common box turtle (long lifespan and slow reproductive rate) make it particularly vulnerable to such threats. The common box turtle is therefore classified as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List. The common box turtle is also listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), meaning that international trade in this species should be carefully.


Question: What is the source of origin of this object?

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Swastika. The swastika (卐 or 卍) is an ancient religious and cultural symbol, predominantly in various Eurasian, as well as some African and American cultures, now also widely recognized for its appropriation by the Nazi Party and by neo-Nazis. It continues to be used as a symbol of divinity and spirituality in Indian religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. It generally takes the form of a cross, the arms of which are of equal length and perpendicular to the adjacent arms, each bent midway at a right angle.The word "swastika" comes from , meaning "conducive to well-being". In Hinduism, the right-facing.

Swastika. Textile number T.231-1923 held at the V&A Museum in London includes small swastikas in its design. This piece was found at Qau-el-Kebir, near Asyut, and is dated between 300 and 600 CE.The "Tierwirbel" (the German for "animal whorl" or "whirl of animals") is a characteristic motif in Bronze Age Central Asia, the Eurasian Steppe, and later also in Iron Age Scythian and European (Baltic and Germanic) culture, showing rotational symmetric arrangement of an animal motif, often four birds' heads. Even wider diffusion of this "Asiatic" theme has been proposed, to the Pacific and even North America (especially Moundville).## Historical use.In.

Swastika. used on coinage as a backdrop to the .## Non-Eurasian samples.## Africa.Swastikas can be seen in various African cultures. In Ethiopia the Swastika is carved in the window of the famous 12th-century Biete Maryam, one of the Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela. In Ghana, the swastika is among the adinkra symbols of the Akan peoples. Called "nkontim", swastikas could be found on Ashanti gold weights and clothing.## Americas.The swastika is a Navajo symbol for good luck, also translated to "whirling log". Though it was also used by some Native American groups, many object to its use today. The symbol was used on.

Swastika. German Nazi party and would soon become the foremost symbol of the German Reich. The fact that these gates survived the cleanup after the German occupation of Norway during WW II is a testimony to the innocence and good faith of the power plant and its architects. The architects Bjercke and Eliassen knew the swastika as a symbol of power plants on maps in Scandinavia, and as the logo of Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget, ASEA.## Eurasia (Russia).The left-handed swastika was a favorite sign of the last Russian Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. She wore a talisman in the form of a swastika,.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

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Mitella diphylla. Mitella diphylla (twoleaf miterwort, two-leaved mitrewort, or bishop's cap) is a clump forming, open woodland plant native to northeast and midwest regions of North America.## Description.Miterwort grows from a rhizomatous root system with fibrous roots. Leaves are coarsely toothed with 3-5 shallow lobes. Most leaves are basal, and there is one opposite pair of stemless leaves on each flower stalk.Tiny flowers with finely divided, lacy white petals are produced in mid-spring in racemes on stems growing from 20 to 50 (cm) tall.The seeds are tiny, 1.2 - 1.6 (mm), produced in small green cups, formed from the sepals of the.

Mitella diphylla. flower, and when ripe are shiny and black. They are spread when raindrops hit the cups and splash the seeds out.It grows in high quality mesic forests on moist, mossy ledges and north-facing slopes. The Latin specific epithet "diphylla" means two-leaved and is in reference to the non-basal leaves.## Ecology.The flowers produce both pollen and nectar. Due to their small size, they are mainly visited by small bees and flies: for instance, "Lasioglossum" sweat bees, small carpenter bees ("Ceratina") and hoverflies.## Cultivation.This species is grown as an ornamental plant in shade gardens. It prefers wet-mesic to dry soil and partial.


Question: Who is the discoverer or inventor of this object?

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Aqua-Lung. Aqua-Lung was the first open-circuit, self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (or "scuba") to achieve worldwide popularity and commercial success. This class of equipment is now commonly referred to as a twin-hose diving regulator, or demand valve. The Aqua-Lung was invented in France during the winter of 1942–1943 by two Frenchmen: the engineer Émile Gagnan and the Naval Lieutenant (French: "lieutenant de vaisseau") Jacques Cousteau. It allowed Cousteau and Gagnan to film and explore underwater more easily.The invention revolutionised autonomous underwater diving by providing a compact, reliable system capable of a greater depth range and endurance than its precursors, and was a.

Aqua-Lung. Bernard Piel"). One of their apparatuses went to Émile Gagnan, an engineer employed by the Air Liquide company. Gagnan miniaturized and adapted it to gas generators in response to a fuel shortage, which was a consequence of German requisitioning. Gagnan's boss, Henri Melchior, knew that his son-in-law Jacques-Yves Cousteau was looking for an automatic demand regulator to increase the useful endurance of the underwater breathing apparatus invented by Commander Yves le Prieur, so he introduced Cousteau to Gagnan in December 1942. On Cousteau's initiative, the Gagnan regulator was modified for use in diving. Cousteau and Gagnan were issued a patent.

Aqua-Lung. French company.Air Liquide held the patent on the original "Aqualung" (also written as "Aqua-Lung" or "Aqua Lung") until the patent expired sometime around 1960 to 1963. The term "Aqualung", as far as is known, first appeared in print on page 3 of Jacques-Yves Cousteau's first book, "The Silent World", in 1953. Public use of the word "aqualung", and public interest in Aqualungs and scuba diving, were started around 1953 in English-speaking counties by a National Geographical Society Magazine article about Cousteau's underwater archaeological expedition to Grand Congloué. In France, aqualung diving was popularized by Cousteau's movie "Épaves", while his book.


Question: Who designed this bridge?

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Zubizuri. The Zubizuri (Basque for "white bridge"), also called the Campo Volantin Bridge or Puente del Campo Volantin, is a tied arch footbridge across the Nervion River in Bilbao, Spain. Designed by architect Santiago Calatrava, the bridge links the "Campo Volantin" right bank and "Uribitarte" left bank of the river.## Description.Opened in 1997, the bridge's unusual design consists of a curved walkway which is supported by steel suspension cables from an overhead arch. The structure of the bridge is painted white and the bridge deck consists of translucent glass bricks. Access ramps and stairways are located on both banks. The Zubizuri.


Question: What is this building dedicated to?

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Pieterskerk, Leiden. The Pieterskerk is a late-Gothic Dutch Protestant church in Leiden dedicated to Saint Peter. It is known today as the church of the Pilgrim Fathers, where the pastor John Robinson was buried. It is also the burial place of the scientist Willebrord Snellius.## History.In around 1100 the site held the county chapel of the counts of Holland, rebuilt in 1121. The present building took approximately 180 years to build, starting in 1390. Famous Leiden dignitaries are buried there, including the painter Jan Steen and the Leiden professor Herman Boerhaave. The beautiful stained-glass windows already took a terrible blow during the.


Question: Where is this animal native to?

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Pantherophis alleghaniensis. Pantherophis alleghaniensis, commonly called the eastern ratsnake, is a nonvenomous colubrid species endemic to North America.## Common names.Additional common names for the eastern rat snake include black rat snake, pilot snake, pilot black snake, chicken snake; and in Florida, yellow rat snake and Everglades rat snake.## Geographic range."Pantherophis alleghaniensis" is found in the United States east of the Apalachicola River in Florida, east of the Chattahoochee River in Georgia, east of the Appalachian Mountains, north to southeastern New York and western Vermont, eastern Pennsylvania, Maryland, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, south to the Florida Keys. In the Florida Panhandle, it.

Pantherophis alleghaniensis. forests, isolated urban woodlots and backyards that support populations of prey species. Eastern rat snakes do especially well in early successional and edge habitats. An arboreal species, the snakes can get into human residences, where they may live in attics undetected. At the northern limits of their range, distribution appears to be restricted by the availability of suitable hibernating sites. In these climates, the snakes require southern exposures to receive maximal thermal benefit from the winter sun and to provide basking areas in early spring and late fall.The three U.S populations located more northerly (Illinois at 378N, Kansas at 388,Maryland.

Pantherophis alleghaniensis. juveniles.## Taxonomy."Pantherophis alleghaniensis" has sometimes been considered a subspecies of "Pantherophis obsoletus", to which it is closely related.This species has often been placed in the genus "Elaphe", but recent phylogenetic analyses have resulted in its transfer to "Pantherophis".Holbrook JE (1836). "North American Herpetology; or, A Description of the Reptiles Inhabiting the United States. Vol. I." Philadelphia: J. Dobson. 120 pp. ("Coluber alleghaniensis", new species, pp. 111–112 + Plate XX).Jan G, (1867). "Iconographie générale des Ophidiens: Vingt-quatrième livraison." Paris: Baillière. Index + Plates I-VI. ("Elaphis alleghaniensis", Plate II, Figure 1 [adult], Figure 2 [juvenile]). (in French).


Question: Which body of water is this place located in or next to?

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Athirappilly Falls. Athirappilly Falls, is situated in Athirappilly Panchayat in Chalakudy Taluk of Thrissur District in Kerala, India on the Chalakudy River, which originates from the upper reaches of the Western Ghats at the entrance to the Sholayar ranges. It is the largest waterfall in Kerala, which stands tall at 80 feet. Just a short drive from Athirappilly to the Vazhachal falls, which is close to dense green forests that are home to many endangered and endemic species of flora and fauna.There is another waterfall on the way from Athirappilly to Vazhachal Falls, in close proximity to the road, which is locally.

Athirappilly Falls. called "Charpa Falls". Athirappilly Falls is the largest waterfall in Kerala and is nicknamed "The Niagara of South India".Controversy about a state-proposed hydroelectric dam on the Chalakudy River above the waterfalls began in the 1990s and continued through 2017.## River.The 145 (km) long Chalakudy River, originates in the Anaimalai mountains of the Western Ghats and flows through the Vazhachal Forest toward the Arabian Sea. The river starts off smooth but becomes more turbulent as it nears Athirapilly. At Athirappilly Falls, the water surges around big rocks and cascades down in three separate plumes. Below the falls, the river remains turbulent.

Athirappilly Falls. movie "Kaathuvaakula Rendu Kaadhal" (2022) starring Vijay Sethupathi, Nayanthara and Samantha Ruth Prabhu## Hydroelectric project.In 1994, the Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) proposed a 163 megawatt Athirappilly Hydro Electric Project. It was to include a dam 23 metres (75 ft) high and 311 metres (1,020 ft) wide on the Chalakudy River in the Vazhachal Forest Division about 5 kilometres (3 mi) upstream of Athirappilly Falls and 400 metres (1,312 ft) upstream of Vazhachal Rapids (Vazhachal Falls). However, environmental groups and people's collectives opposed the project on grounds that it would damage the environment, infringe on human rights, and threaten tourism.

Athirappilly Falls. more environment-friendly power projects with lower operating cost and higher output like super critical boiler plants. Vazhachal Falls Charpa Falls List of waterfalls in India List of waterfalls in India by height Prince Charles, celebrated his 65th birthday in Athirappilly Visiting Athirapilly Waterfalls - What to Know Chalakudy River Protection Forum (CPF) Athirappilly - Vazhachal - Thumboormuzhi - Destination Management Council Official Site: www.thrissur.nic.in Athirappilly Projects Vanishing falls Protests mark hearing on Athirappilly project Salim Ali Foundation.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this insect?

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Sympetrum illotum. Sympetrum illotum, the cardinal meadowhawk, is a species of skimmer in the dragonfly family Libellulidae. It is found in the Caribbean Sea, Central America, North America, and South America.The IUCN conservation status of "Sympetrum illotum" is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2017.## Subspecies.These three subspecies belong to the species "Sympetrum illotum": "Sympetrum illotum gilvum" "Sympetrum illotum illotum" "Sympetrum illotum virgulum.


Question: In which year did this building officially open?

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Saxon Railway Museum. The Saxon Railway Museum ("Sächsisches Eisenbahnmuseum" or "SEM") is located in Chemnitz, in the state of Saxony, eastern Germany. It is situated on the site of the former locomotive depot ("Bahnbetriebswerk" or "Bw") for goods train locomotives in the district Hilbersdorf.After the locomotive depot was closed in 1992, the society moved into the buildings which were protected as historical monuments. As a result, the museum has two roundhouses with 20 (m) turntables. In addition there are coaling and sanding facilities, water cranes, a working jack for inspection pits and a range of other equipment found in an operational depot.The exhibition.


Question: Who occupies this building?

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Fire station. A fire station (also called a fire house, fire hall, firemen's hall, or engine house) is a structure or other area for storing firefighting apparatuses such as fire engines and related vehicles, personal protective equipment, fire hoses and other specialized equipment. Fire stations frequently contain working and living space for the firefighters and support staff.In large US cities, fire stations are often named for the primary fire companies and apparatus housed there, such as "Ladder 49". Other fire stations are named based on the district, neighborhood, town or village where they are located, or given a number.## Facilities.A fire station.

Fire station. dry to prevent rot. Historically, towers were lookouts for spotting fires.Activities at a fire station include regular inspection and cleaning of the apparatus and equipment, and training drills in which the firefighters practice their skills. Some fire companies also host public activities at the fire station during events such as a "fire prevention week", and the facility may also be used for fund-raising by the "firemen's association", "fire buffs", or "fire auxiliary".## Occupied stations.If the station is occupied full-time by career firefighters, it will contain living quarters and work areas, where they wait until a callout comes through. Career firefighters.

Fire station. are usually able to sleep during a night shift, so these stations will also have dormitories. There will be an alarm system to alert them of an emergency call, and to give some indication of where and what the emergency is. In some small fire departments, the only alarm may be a telephone for receiving calls.Many fire stations were built with the living quarters above the garage. This arrangement is common for fire stations built in a crowded city. The fireman's pole was invented to allow firefighters to quickly descend to the garage. In modern times, agencies such as the.

Fire station. National Fire Protection Association have argued that these pose a safety hazard. Modern fire stations are often built with the living quarters on the same level as the garage.## Unoccupied stations.Some fire stations are not regularly occupied, with the firefighting carried out by volunteer or retained firefighters. In this case, the firefighters are summoned to the fire station by siren, radio or pagers, where they will then deploy the fire engine. These fire stations may still have office space for the firefighters, a library of reference and other materials, and a "trophy wall" or case where the firefighters display memorabilia.FirefightingList.


Question: Who is the screenwriter of this building?

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Strapless. Strapless is a 1989 film written and directed by David Hare.## Plot summary.An expatriate American doctor in London allows herself to lighten up when her freewheeling younger sister and a mysterious man enter her life. Her inhibitions released, the beautiful doctor learns that freedom has its own price.Blair Brown – Dr. Lillian HempelBruno Ganz – Raymond ForbesBridget Fonda – Amy HempelAlan Howard – Mr. CooperMichael Gough – Douglas BrodieHugh Laurie – ColinDana Gillespie – Julie KovagoSpencer Leigh – HusAlexandra Pigg - Helen## Release.After the film's May 1990 U.S. theatrical release, it was released on videocassette in the United States by.


Question: What is this animal named after?

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

Steller sea lion. The Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), also known as the Steller's sea lion and northern sea lion, is a near-threatened species of sea lion in the northern Pacific. It is the sole member of the genus "Eumetopias" and the largest of the eared seals (Otariidae). Among pinnipeds, it is inferior in size only to the walrus and the two species of elephant seals. The species is named for the naturalist Georg Wilhelm Steller, who first described them in 1741. The Steller sea lion has attracted considerable attention in recent decades, owing to significant and largely unexplained declines in their numbers.

Steller sea lion. over an extensive portion of their northern range in Alaska.## Description.Adult animals are lighter in color than most sea lions, ranging from pale yellow to tawny and occasionally reddish. Steller sea lion pups are born almost black, weighing around 23 (kg), and remain dark in coloration for several months. Females and males both grow rapidly until the fifth year, after which female growth slows considerably. Adult females measure 2.3 - 2.9 (m) in length, on average being 2.5 (m), and weigh 240 - 350 (kg), with an average of 263 (kg). Males continue to grow until their secondary sexual traits.

Steller sea lion. appear in their fifth to eighth year. Males are slightly longer than the females, growing to about 2.82 – 3.25 (m) long and averaging 3 (m) in length. Males have much wider chests, necks, and general forebody structure. Males can weigh between 450 – 1120 (kg), weighing on average 544 (kg). Males are further distinguished from females by broader and higher foreheads, flatter snouts, and a thick mane of coarse hair around their large necks. It is fitting then that their Latin name translates roughly as "maned one with the broad forehead".## Range.The range of the Steller sea lion extends.

Steller sea lion. from the Kuril Islands in the Sea of Okhotsk in Russia to the Gulf of Alaska in the north, down to Año Nuevo Island off the coast of central California to the south. They formerly bred as far south as the Channel Islands, but have not been observed there since the 1980s. Based on genetic anаlyses and local migration patterns, the global Steller sea lion population has traditionally been divided into an eastern and western stock at 144°W longitude, roughly through the middle of the Gulf of Alaska. Recent evidence suggests the sea lions in Russia in the Sea of.

Steller sea lion. Okhotsk and the Kuril Islands comprise a third Asian stock, while the sea lions on the eastern seaboard of Kamchatka and the Commander Islands belong to the western stock.In the summer, Steller sea lions tend to shift their range somewhat southward. Therefore, though there are no reproductive rookeries in Japan, several consistent haul-out sites are found around Hokkaidō in the winter and spring. Vagrants have been spotted in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Gulf and along the coast of Korea and China. The oldest fossil known of the species was found near Kanazawa, Japan and dates to the late Early.

Steller sea lion. Pleistocene (0.8 Ma).## Ecology.## Habitat.Steller sea lions tend to live in the coastal waters of the subarctic because of the cooler temperate climate of the area. Like all otariids, Steller sea lions are amphibious and spend some time in water and some on land. Typically, Stellar sea lions spend their time in the water feeding but haul-out onto land to reproduce, raise their pups, molt, and rest. Steller sea lions usually congregate on isolated islands because they are the ideal terrestrial habitat. These isolated islands are preferred by Stellar sea lions because they can avoid predation from terrestrial predators, easily.

Steller sea lion. thermoregulate (by means of cooling winds), and access offshore prey more easily. Some haul-out sites, known as rookeries, are commonly used for reproduction while other haul-out sites are used for other purposes like molting. However, both biotic and abiotic factors can influence the amount of time that Steller sea lions spend on land. Haul-out sites and haul-out abundance of the Steller sea lion can be determined by prey availability, predator abundance, tide levels, weather, etc.## Foraging.Steller sea lions are skilled and opportunistic marine predators, feeding on a wide range of fish and cephalopod species. Important diet components include walleye pollock,.

Steller sea lion. Atka mackerel, halibut, herring, capelin, flatfish Pacific cod, rockfish, sculpins, salmon, sand lance, and cephalopods such as various squid and octopus. They seem to prefer schooling fish and forage primarily between intertidal zones and continental shelves. They usually aggregate in groups of up to twelve in areas of prey abundance. They are known to aggregate near fishing vessels, preying on bycatch discards. Most of the data on their foraging comes from data collected off the coast of Alaska; little is known of their foraging behavior elsewhere.The composition of the diet of Steller sea lions varies seasonally and geographically; as opportunistic.

Steller sea lion. predators, they concentrate on the locally most abundant prey species. In addition to their primary marine environment, they sometimes enter estuaries and feed on brackish-water fish such as sturgeon. Very occasionally, they have been known to prey on northern fur seals, harbor seals, and sea otter pups. Records suggest that the range of their prey species has broadened over time.## Predation.Steller sea lions are top-tier carnivores, but are susceptible to predation, primarily by killer whales. Shark species are also possible predators: sleepers and great whites may prey on juvenile sea lions.## Behavior and life history.## Reproduction.Reproductively mature male sea lions.

Steller sea lion. gather together mid-spring on traditional, well-defined reproductive rookeries, usually on beaches on isolated islands. The larger, older males establish and defend distinct territories on the rookery. A week or so later, adult females arrive, accompanied occasionally by sexually immature offspring, and form fluid aggregations throughout the rookery. Like all other otariids, Steller sea lions are polygynous. However, unlike some other species, they do not coerce individual females into harems, but control spatial territories among which females freely move. Steller sea lions have used aquatic, semiaquatic, and terrestrial territories. Males with semiaquatic territories have the most success in defending them. The.

Steller sea lion. boundaries are defined by natural features, such as rocks, faults, or ridges in rocks, and territories can remain stable for 60 days. Though Steller sea lion males are generally tolerant of pups, one male filmed on Medny Island in Russia was documented killing and eating several pups in a first-ever recorded incident of cannibalism. Though researchers are uncertain as to the motives or reasons behind said attacks, it is suggested that the bull involved may have an abnormal personality akin to being psychotic.Pregnant females give birth soon after arriving on a rookery, and copulation generally occurs one to two weeks.

Steller sea lion. after giving birth, but the fertilized egg does not become implanted in the uterus until the fall. A fertilized egg may remain in embryonic diapause for up to three months before implanting and beginning to divide. Twins are rare. After a week or so of nursing without leaving the rookery, females begin to take progressively longer and more frequent foraging trips leaving their pups behind until at some point in late summer, when both the mother and pup leave the rookery together. This maternal attendance pattern is common in otariids. As pups get older the amount of time spent by.

Steller sea lion. females foraging out at sea increases. This continues until pups obtain the ideal body weight and energy reserves to eat on their own. A study conducted by the University of California, Santa Cruz found that on average male pups consume more milk than females. This may be due to the sexual dimorphism common to otariids. Reproductive males fast throughout the reproductive season, often without entering the water once from mid-May until August, when the structure of the reproductive rookeries begins to fall apart and most animals leave for the open seas and disperse throughout their range.The age at weaning is.

Steller sea lion. highly variable; pups may remain with their mothers for as long as four years. Incidents of mothers feeding daughters that are simultaneously feeding their own newborn pups have been documented, which is an extremely rare occurrence among mammals. A study done at Año Nuevo in 1983 found that female attendance and time spent with their pup was shaped by increasing nutritional demands of the pup and the pups suckling efficiency. Females averaged 21 hours ashore and 36 hours at sea. As the pups aged, females began to spend more time at sea again. As the pups matured, specifically at the.

Steller sea lion. sixth week past birth, the mother's sea time declined by 30 percent. There was no relationship between the pups' activity or physical excursion and their suckling time, age, or sex. Their suckling time, and age, and sex are unrelated to their use of energy. Labeled water studies showed that the pups' milk intake had a direct relationship to their size. Pups that consumed more milk were heavier than those that didn't. These findings show that the amount of time females spend onshore with their pups is based on their pup's suckling efficiency and nutritional demands.In the past, the low pup.

Steller sea lion. production has been tied to an increase in nutritional stress found in females. This was believed to have contributed to the decline in Steller sea lions common to Alaska.## Locomotion.The largest of the eared seals, Steller sea lions are quick swimmers, about as fast as the smaller California sea lions. Glide velocity of individual Steller sea lions has been measured as 2.9–3.4 meters or 1.2–1.5 body lengths per second, which is close to the optimal swim velocity of 1.4 body lengths per second based on the minimum cost of transport for California sea lions.A 2007 study of Steller sea lions.

Steller sea lion. found that a majority of thrust was produced during the drive phase of the fore flipper stroke cycle. Although previous findings on eared seals suggested that thrust was generated by the initial outward movement of the foreflippers or the terminal drag-based paddling phase, the 2007 study found that little or no thrust was generated during those phases. Swimming performance in sea lions is modulated by changes in the duration and intensity of movements without changing their sequence. Using criteria based on velocity and the minimum radius of turns, Steller's maneuverability is similar to other eared seals, superior to cetaceans, and.

Steller sea lion. inferior to many fish.## Diving.To be able to dive for a long period of time, Steller sea lions exhibit apnea, bradycardia, and peripheral vasoconstriction. This allows them to maximize their oxygen stores and efficiently forage during their dives. In addition to those adaptations, their thick blubber layer and outer fur layer keep their body insulated during dives.Trained Steller sea lions from Vancouver Aquarium were placed in the open ocean at the University of British Columbia's Open Water Research Station to study their diving metabolism and behavior. Steller sea lions' dives are more energetically costly if they perform dive bouts. The.

Steller sea lion. aerobic diving limit of Steller sea lions was observed to be affected by their nutritional state and feeding.## Communication.Like most otariids, Steller sea lions are vocal in air. Mature male sea lions have a range of vocalizations as part of their territorial behaviors, including belches, growls, snorts, and hisses that serve as warnings to others. Both males and females also produce underwater noises similar to their above water sounds, described as clicks, barks, and belches. The primary function of their vocalizations is for social behavior. Sonogram readings reported that Steller Sea Lions make discrete, low frequency pulses underwater that resemble.

Steller sea lion. the male "belching" territorial noise made in air. These underwater vocalizations have an average of 20–30 pulses per second.Vocalizations are critical to mother-pup pairs, as the mothers must find their pups in a crowded breeding area when they return from foraging. The mother and pup both use distinctive calls, like names, to help differentiate themselves among the crowd of other sea lions. Their aerial vocalizations have been described as similar to the bleats of sheep, and bellows.Because Steller sea lions are sexually dimorphic in size, their hearing differs in sensitivity, possibly due to differences in size of the hearing structures.

Steller sea lion. Females have a higher sensitivity than males, perhaps to hear the higher frequency calls of their pups. The Steller sea lion's hearing range also suggests that they are capable of hearing the underwater calls of one of their main predators, the killer whale.## Interactions with humans.Steller sea lion were hunted for meat and other commodities by prehistoric communities everywhere their range intersected with human communities. Aside from food and clothing, their skin was used to cover baidarkas and kayaks. A subsistence harvest on the order of 300 animals or less continues to this day in some native communities in Alaska.Historically,.

Steller sea lion. the sea lion has had only very slight commercial value. For example, in the 19th century their whiskers sold for a penny apiece for use as tobacco-pipe cleaners.Steller sea lions are sometimes killed intentionally by fishermen, as they are seen as competitors and a threat to fish stocks. Killing sea lions is strictly prohibited in the US and Russia, but in Japan a fixed number are still removed annually, ostensibly to protect their fisheries. In Canada, commercial hunting is prohibited, but limited hunting permits are occasionally granted if local culling is required—for example, nuisance animals destroying fish farms.In recent years,.

Steller sea lion. Steller sea lions have been known to enter the Columbia River estuary and feed on white sturgeon, several salmon species, and rainbow trout, some of which are also listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. They are found in the Columbia River nearly year round, with the exception of early summer, going as far upstream as Bonneville Dam. Though not as abundant as the California sea lion, they are still a concern for those agencies charged with managing the fish populations. Since the Steller sea lions are themselves protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, managers are compelled to use.

Steller sea lion. nonlethal deterrence methods, such as rubber bullets and noisemakers. Deterrence by the public is strictly forbidden.## Recent decline and subsequent recovery.While the populations of the eastern and Asian stocks appear stable, the population of the western stock, particularly along the Aleutian Islands, was estimated to have fallen by 70–80% since the 1970s. As a consequence, in 1997 the western stock of Steller sea lions was listed as endangered and the eastern stock was listed as threatened under the United States Endangered Species Act. They have since been the object of intense study and the focus of much political and scientific.

Steller sea lion. debate in Alaska.One suspected cause of their precipitous decline was the overfishing of Alaska pollock, herring, and other fish stocks in the Gulf of Alaska. This stems largely from the "junk-food hypothesis" representing a shift in their diet from fatty herring and capelin to leaner fare such as pollock and flounder, thereby limiting their ability to consume and store fat. Other hypotheses include increased predation by orcas and sharks, indirect effects of prey species composition shifts due to changes in climate, effects of disease or contaminants, shooting by fishermen, and others. The decline is certainly due to a complex of.

Steller sea lion. interrelated factors which have yet to be defined by the research effort.Another possible reason for decline in this species has been tied to the Nutritional Stress Hypothesis. The lack of prey corresponds to the decrease in population. In females specifically, obtaining an insufficient amount of nutrients has resulted in the failure to complete their pregnancies to full term.In October 2013, the eastern Steller sea lion was taken off the U.S. Endangered Species List after a major population comeback over the past several years.Eared seal Marine Mammal Center – Steller Sea Lion US National Marine Fisheries Service Steller Sea Lion web.

Steller sea lion. page ARKive – images and movies of the Steller sea lion "(Eumetopias jubatus)" Alaska Department of Fish and Game page on Steller sea lions Overview of Steller sea lion research at NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Marine Mammal Lab "Nature" documentary about the decline of Steller's sea lions News media report on Steller sea lions and sturgeon interactions SeaLionPredation.com – news and information on seal and sea lion predation of salmon and steelhead in the Pacific Northwest NOAA fact sheet on pinnipeds in the Columbia River Georg Steller's original description in "De Bestiis Marinis, or, The Beasts of the.

Steller sea lion. Sea" (1751) Watch more Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) video clips from the BBC archive on Wildlife Finder Fifteen years of research into the Alaska populations of Steller Sea Lions at the Alaska SeaLife Center WATCH: Sea lions ward off attacking orcas.


Question: Where do you usually find this animal?

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Jungle cat. has often been sighted near human settlements. As reeds and tall grasses are typical of its habitat, it is known as "reed cat" or "swamp cat". It can thrive even in areas of sparse vegetation, but does not adapt well to cold climates and is rare in areas where snowfall is common. Historical records indicate that it occurs up to elevations of 2310 (m) in the Himalayas. It shuns rainforests and woodlands.In Turkey, it has been recorded in wetlands near Manavgat, in the Akyatan Lagoon on the southern coast and near Lake Eğirdir.In the Palestinian territories, it was recorded in.

Jungle cat. in a highly fragmented forest in the Selangor state in 2010.A few jungle cat mummies were found among the cats in ancient Egypt.## Ecology and behaviour.The jungle cat is typically diurnal and hunts throughout the day. Its activity tends to decrease during the hot noon hours. It rests in burrows, grass thickets and scrubs. It often sunbathes on winter days. Jungle cats have been estimated to walk 3 – 6 (km) at night, although this likely varies depending on the availability of prey. The behaviour of the jungle cat has not been extensively studied. Solitary in nature, it does not.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this insect?

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European rhinoceros beetle. The European rhinoceros beetle ("Oryctes nasicornis") is a large flying beetle belonging to the subfamily Dynastinae. "Oryctes nasicornis afghanistanicus" Endrödi, 1938 "Oryctes nasicornis chersonensis" Minck, 1915 "Oryctes nasicornis corniculatus" Villa & Villa, 1833 "Oryctes nasicornis edithae" Endrödi, 1938 "Oryctes nasicornis grypus" (Illiger, 1803) "Oryctes nasicornis hindenburgi" Minck, 1915 "Oryctes nasicornis holdhausi" Minck, 1914 "Oryctes nasicornis illigeri" Minck, 1915 "Oryctes nasicornis kuntzeni" Minck, 1914 "Oryctes nasicornis latipennis" Motschulsky, 1845 "Oryctes nasicornis mariei" (Bourgin, 1949) "Oryctes nasicornis nasicornis" (Linnaeus, 1758) "Oryctes nasicornis ondrejanus "Minck, 1916 "Oryctes nasicornis polonicus" Minck, 1916 "Oryctes nasicornis przevalskii" Semenow & Medvedev, 1932 "Oryctes nasicornis punctipennis" Motschulsky, 1860.

European rhinoceros beetle. "Oryctes nasicornis shiraticus" Endrödi & Petrovitz, 1974 "Oryctes nasicornis transcaspicus" Endrödi, 1938 "Oryctes nasicornis turkestanicus" Minck, 1915## Description."Oryctes nasicornis" reach a length of 20 - 42 (mm), with a maximum of 47 (mm). It is one of the largest beetles found in Europe. Elytra are reddish brown with a glazed appearance, while head and pronotum are slightly darker. The underside of the body and the legs are covered with long red hair. It is a sexually dimorphic species. The male's head is topped by a long curved horn (hence its common name), while the females have no horns.Dim, from the.

European rhinoceros beetle. 1998 Disney/Pixar animated film "A Bug's Life", is a European rhinoceros beetle voiced by (Brad Garrett).## Distribution."Oryctes nasicornis" inhabits the Palaearctic region, excluding the British Isles. It is the only representative of the Dynastinae family found in Northern Europe. It is widespread in the Mediterranean basin up to Pakistan, the Near East and North Africa.## Habitat.The rhinoceros beetle lives on wood, and the large larvae can be found in rotting wood stumps and around sawdust. At the margin of its distribution, the beetle is often found in connection with sawmills and horse racing tracks.## Life cycle.The larvae grow in decaying.


Question: What is this building dedicated to?

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Tarkhany. Tarkhany () is a Writer's house museum in a Russian estate where the Romantic writer Mikhail Lermontov (1814–1841) spent his childhood and was buried. The late 18th Century–early 19th Century estate is located in the village of Lermontovo (formerly Tarkhany) in the Belinsky District of Penza Oblast. Tarkhany is the main tourist attraction of Penza Oblast.Manor houseChurch of St. Mary of EgyptThe Human cottage (restored)Steward's house (restored)Arseniev Crypt and chapelCountryside Church of the Archangel MichaelLodge## The estate today.The estate is now the State Lermontov Museum — Tarkhany Reserve, created in 1939. It has an area of 485.3 acres. The museum.


Question: Which mountain range is this mountain belong to?

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Salève. The Salève (), or Mont Salève, is a mountain of the French Prealps located in the department of Haute-Savoie in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is also called the "Balcony of Geneva" (French: "Balcon de Genève").## Geography.Geographically, the Salève is a mountain of the French Prealps located in the Haute-Savoie department, but geologically a part of the Jura chain, as the Vuache is. Below the Salève is the Geneva urban area where more than 700,000 people live.The Salève consists of the Pitons, Grand Salève and Petit Salève; it culminates at 1,379 metres at the Grand Piton. It is accessible via the Téléphérique du.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this animal?

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Crabeater seal. The crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga), also known as the krill-eater seal, is a true seal with a circumpolar distribution around the coast of Antarctica. They are medium- to large-sized (over 2 m in length), relatively slender and pale-colored, found primarily on the free-floating pack ice that extends seasonally out from the Antarctic coast, which they use as a platform for resting, mating, social aggregation and accessing their prey. They are by far the most abundant seal species in the world. While population estimates are uncertain, there are at least 7 million and possibly as many as 75 million individuals. This.

Crabeater seal. name of the crabeater seal, "Lobodon", derives from Ancient Greek meaning "lobe-toothed", and the species name "carcinophaga" means "crab eater." The crabeater seal shares a common recent ancestor with the other Antarctic seals, which are together known as the lobodontine seals. These include the leopard seal ("Hydrurga leptonyx"), the Ross seal ("Ommatophoca rossii"), and the Weddell seal ("Leptonychotes weddelli"). These species, collectively belonging to the Lobodontini tribe of seals, share teeth adaptations including lobes and cusps useful for straining smaller prey items out of the water column. The ancestral Lobodontini likely diverged from their sister clade, the Mirounga (elephant seals).


Question: In which year was this facility retired from operational service?

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Battersea Power Station. on the south bank of the River Thames, in Nine Elms, Battersea, an inner-city district of South West London, the building comprises two power stations, built in two stages in a single building. Battersea A Power Station was built in the 1930s and Battersea B Power Station, to its east, in the 1950s. They were built to a near-identical design, providing the four-chimney structure.The Power Station was decommissioned between 1975 and 1983 and remained empty until 2014. It was designated as a Grade II listed building in 1980. In 2007 its listed status was upgraded to Grade II*.The station is.

Battersea Power Station. 32 { "x": 1984, "y": 0 { "x": 1961, "y": 830 ] ], "scales": [ "name": "x", "type": "ordinal", "range": "width", "zero": false, "domain": { "data": "table", "field": "x" }, "name": "y", "type": "linear", "range": "height", "nice": true, "domain": { "data": "table", "field": "y" "axes": [ "type": "x", "scale": "x" { "type": "y", "scale": "y" ], "marks": [ "type": "rect", "from": { "data": "table" "properties": { "enter": { "x": { "scale": "x", "field": "x" "y": { "scale": "y", "field": "y" "y2": { "scale": "y", "value": 0 "fill": { "value": "steelblue" "width": { "scale": "x", "band": "true", "offset": -1}</graph>## Closure and.

Battersea Power Station. heritage site in 1980, when the Secretary of State for the Environment, Michael Heseltine, awarded the building Grade II listed status. (This was upgraded to Grade II* listed in 2007.) On 31 October 1983 production of electricity at Station B also ended, after nearly 30 years of operation. By then the B Station's generating capacity had fallen to 146 MW. The closure of the two stations was put down largely to the generating equipment becoming outdated, and the preferred choice of fuel for electricity generation shifting from coal toward oil, gas and nuclear power.## Theme park proposal.Following the station's closure,.

Battersea Power Station. the Central Electricity Generating Board had planned to demolish the station and sell the land for housing, but because of the building's then Grade II listed status, they had to pay the high cost of preserving the building. In 1983 they held a competition for ideas on the redevelopment of the site. It was won by a consortium led by developer David Roche and which included John Broome, owner of Alton Towers Ltd. This consortium proposed an indoor theme park, with shops and restaurants. At an estimated cost of £35 million, the scheme was risky and would require over 2.


Question: Where is this plant native to?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Dacrycarpus dacrydioides. Dacrycarpus dacrydioides, commonly known as kahikatea (from Māori) and white pine, is a coniferous tree endemic to New Zealand. A podocarp, it is New Zealand's tallest tree, gaining heights of 60 m and a life span of 600 years. It was first described botanically by the French botanist Achille Richard in 1832 as "Podocarpus" "dacrydioides", and was given its current binomial name "Dacrycarpus dacrydioides" in 1969 by the American botanist David de Laubenfels. Analysis of DNA has confirmed its evolutionary relationship with other species in the genera "Dacrycarpus" and "Dacrydium".In traditional Māori culture, it is an important source of timber.

Dacrycarpus dacrydioides. structures may also be to protect seeds from drying out. It supports many smaller plants in its own branches, which are called epiphytes; 100 different species have been recorded on one tree alone.## Description.The kahikatea is a coniferous tree reaching a height of 50–65 (m), making it the tallest New Zealand tree, with a trunk 1–2 (m) through. It has a 600 year life span and gains maturity after between 250 and 450 years. Near the base of the tree, the roots are typically buttressed and grooved. The wood itself is odourless and white. The majority of the trunk is.

Dacrycarpus dacrydioides. and grow overlapping one another tightly.As a conifer, the kahikatea has no flowers and instead has cones. Male cones, which occur on different trees to female ones, are 1 cm long and rectangular. The pollen is a pale yellow colour and has a three-pored or trisaccate shape that is distinctive in the New Zealand flora and so can be identified easily. The fruit is highly modified with a yellow-orange fleshy receptacle that is 2.5–6.5 mm long. The purple-black seed is roughly spherical and 4–6 mm in diameter. Both the seed and the ovary are covered with a thin layer of.

Dacrycarpus dacrydioides. wax. The kahikatea has a diploid chromosome count of 20.## Phytochemistry.Several different glycosides have been isolated from the leaves; the tricetin 3’,5’-di-O-/β-glucopyranoside and 3’-0-β-xylopyranoside have been found only in the kahikatea. The receptacles and seeds have been found to contain anthocyanins, rare in gymnosperms, which it was suggested in one 1988 paper make the fruit as a whole more attractive to prospective animal dispersers.## Taxonomy.The kahikatea was first described in 1832 by the French botanist Achille Richard in his "Essai d'une Flore de la Nouvelle Zélande" (Essay On The Flora of New Zealand) as "Podocarpus" "dacrydioides". There is an earlier.

Dacrycarpus dacrydioides. the North, South, and Stewart Islands of New Zealand. It inhabits mostly lowland forests between 0 and 600m above sea level, though may in rare cases reach montane areas. It used to dominate a swamp forest type that now exists almost only on the South Westland region of the South Island. Kahikatea prefers flooded or alluvial soils with low levels of drainage, which in Westland occur from post glaciation events.## Ecology.## Dispersal.Under optimal circumstances a mature kahikatea can produce 800 (kg) of fruit, equivalent to 4.5 million seeds, in a year. The fruit contains a special fleshy structure called a.

Dacrycarpus dacrydioides. receptacle which helps attract birds such as the kererū, tūī, and bellbird, who then eat the fruit and disperse the seed elsewhere. One 2008 study in the New Zealand Journal of Ecology found a mean retention time of kahikatea seeds in kererū of 44.5 minutes. It was suggested in a 1989 study that the high water content of the receptacle may also help protect the seeds, which are vulnerable to drying out, from dry conditions. It may also serve as a storage vessel for water. The bluish seeds have very strong UV reflectance, which is visible to some species of.

Dacrycarpus dacrydioides. newer ones, and also have higher growth rates. Following flooding or other natural events, the kahikatea has been found to require an open canopy in order to re-establish. Because of the consistency of these events in South Westland however, many forested areas don't progress beyond regaining kahikatea and rimu, as other species, such as kāmahi, need the environment to improve before they can return.## Conservation.Prior to the arrival of humans in New Zealand around 75% of the country was covered in trees, and kahikatea dominated its own and once widespread kahikatea forest type. Even after the burning of many forests.

Dacrycarpus dacrydioides. to 600 years old. Reservation of stands may not totally protect kahikatea, however, because the alluvial plains that they favour are prone to upheaval and erosion and so trees may still become damaged. Forest remnants outside of South Westland face the threat of never returning to their natural states, as a result of their small size, threats from weed species, and grazing by livestock. Despite this, the kahikatea has been classified as Least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and "Not Threatened" by the New Zealand Threat Classification System, which gives it an estimated population of above.


Question: Which city or region does this island locate in?

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

Confederation Bridge. was at the 13 (km) wide Abegweit Passage. Infrequent winter service provided by underpowered steamships incapable of breaking sea ice ensured the survival of a passenger and mail service across Abegweit Passage using iceboats until a permanent ferry service was established in the 1910s.The unsatisfactory winter steamship service and reliance upon primitive iceboats provoked complaints from the Island government until the federal government decided to implement a railcar ferry service across Abegweit Passage between new ports at Port Borden and Cape Tormentine.In 1912, the federal government promised to open a car ferry between the "Capes" (Cape Traverse, PEI to Cape.

Confederation Bridge. Tormentine, NB). The privately owned New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Railway from Sackville, New Brunswick to Cape Tormentine was purchased by the federal government and an order was made with a shipyard in England for an icebreaking railcar ferry, to be called the "Prince Edward Island". Ports were developed at Carleton Point, several kilometres west of Cape Traverse, and the existing harbour at Cape Tormentine; the new port at Carleton Point would be named Borden in honour of Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden.The new ferry entered service in 1915 and operated on the former steamship routes until port facilities.

Confederation Bridge. purpose-built staging yards located on the shoreline at Amherst Head, fronting on Borden Harbour just east of the town and ferry docks, and an inland facility located at Bayfield, New Brunswick, about 3 (km) west of Cape Tormentine. The Amherst Head staging facility was where all large components were built, including the pier bases, ice shields, main spans, and drop-in spans. The Bayfield facility was used to construct components for the near-shore bridges which were linked using a launching truss extending over shallow waters almost 2 (km) from the New Brunswick shore, and .5 (km) from the Prince Edward Island.

Confederation Bridge. act as wind barriers, placing bridge deck and navigational lighting, constructing the Borden-Carleton toll plaza, and finishing the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island approach roads. In separate construction, the federal and provincial governments built a new commercial and tourist development on the abandoned CN rail yards in Borden-Carleton, with phase I of this facility opening in spring 1997 as "Gateway Village". New Brunswick has never received similar federal support to improve the economy of Cape Tormentine, which has become a shadow of its former role in PEI transportation history, although in recent years a new eco-tourist and visitor centre.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

Instruction: You have to find a Wikipedia segment that answers the question about the displayed image.

Leucadendron argenteum. Leucadendron argenteum (silver tree, silver leaf tree, , or ) is an endangered plant species in the family Proteaceae, which is endemic to a small area of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. Most grow in and around the city of Cape Town, but outlying (perhaps introduced) populations exist near Somerset West (Silwerboomkloof), Paarl and Stellenbosch. It is a protected tree in South Africa.## Appearance.The silvertree is a striking evergreen tree, growing 5–7 m tall (sometimes up to 16 m). It is erect and well-proportioned with a thick, straight trunk and grey bark. The soft, silky leaves are shiny silver, lanceolate,.

Leucadendron argenteum. 8–15 cm long and 2 cm broad, with their distinct silvery sheen produced by dense velvety hairs. The wind-pollinated flowers are produced in dense globose inflorescences 4–5 cm diameter, and give off a pleasant scent. Like all Leucadendrons, this tree is dioecious, with separate male and female plants. The fruit is a heavy woody cone, containing numerous seeds; each seed is a small nut with a silky-haired helicopter-like parachute, enabling it to disperse by wind. After germination it pushes up two green, bare and leathery cotyledons.## Distribution.This enormous silver Protea is naturally confined to a tiny area in and around.

Leucadendron argenteum. the city of Cape Town. Its main population grows on the slopes of Table Mountain, notably the Lion's Head area, above Rhodes Memorial and the mountain slopes above Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden.In addition there are three tiny outlying populations nearby, in Stellenbosch, Somerset West and Paarl (It has not yet been established for certain whether these are natural outliers, or were planted here in early Cape history). The Somerset West population is located within a natural heritage site called Silvertree Gorge, in the Spanish Farm suburb.Historically, the silvertree was more widespread on Table Mountain, covering much of its slopes in.

Leucadendron argenteum. shimmering silver forests. However, early demand for timber led to much of these forests being felled and now the silvertree is a rare and endangered species.## Status and conservation.Table Mountain is perhaps the only place where these trees grow naturally, as the populations near Stellenbosch and Paarl (though conceivably natural) may have been introduced from Table Mountain.In the face of urban development, inappropriate fire management, and invasive alien trees such as pines and gums, silvertrees have been driven from about 74% of their natural range. Mortality of these short-lived trees is negligible after a burn, but then increases to about.

Leucadendron argenteum. 5% per annum. During a longer term absence of burns however, sudden die-offs may occur, even in a matter of hours. This is believed to be the combined result of (warm) berg winds and diseased roots which are weakened by "Phytophthora" root rot which inhibits their water absorption.An estimated 40 to 50 percent of the extant native population burned in the fire of 26 to 27 January 2006. As recruitment of seedlings only occurs naturally after fire, this was a necessary stage in the life-cycle of this Fynbos species, and the population has recovered totally.A major deterrent to propagation of.

Leucadendron argenteum. the silver leaf tree is its short life span, as most don't live more than 20 years. This doesn't affect their conservation however, as fires rejuvenate populations on average every 15–20 years by killing the surviving adults and triggering the release of the canopy seed bank (in the cones), and germination of the soil seed bank. Seeds remain viable for at least 80 years. Juveniles take 5–7 years to flower and set seed, whereafter the populations are ready to burn again.## Heraldry."[S]tylized twigs of the silver tree" appear in the arms of the South Peninsula Municipality of South Africa. List.

Leucadendron argenteum. of Southern African indigenous trees Peninsula Granite Fynbos Silwerboomkloof Rhodes Memorial Newlands Forest"Leucadendron argenteum" PlantZAfrica.com"Leucadendron argenteum" at the University of Pretoria website"Leucadendron argenteum" in the Protea Atlas.