Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this insect?

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Dryocampa rubicunda. Dryocampa rubicunda, the rosy maple moth, is a small North American moth in the family Saturniidae, also known as the great silk moths. It was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1793. The species is known for its wooly body and pink and yellow coloration, which varies from cream or white to bright pink or yellow. Males have bushier antennae than females, which allow them to sense female pheromones for mating.As the common name of the species implies, the preferred host trees are maple tree. Adult females lay their yellow ovular eggs in groups of 10 to 40 on.

Dryocampa rubicunda. the underside of maple leaves. The emerging caterpillars, also known as the greenstriped mapleworm, mainly feed on the leaves of their host maple trees, particularly red maple, silver maple, and sugar maple. Since the caterpillars eat the entire leaf blade, in dense populations, caterpillars have been known to defoliate trees, resulting in aesthetic rather than permanent damage. However, like all other Saturniid moths, the adult moths do not eat.## Description.The rosy maple moth is the smallest of the silk moths; males have a wingspan of 3.2 to 4.4 centimetres (1.25-1.75 in); females of 3.8 to 5 centimetres (1.5–2 in). The.

Dryocampa rubicunda. species can be identified by their unique, but varying, pink and yellow coloration. They have reddish-to-pink legs and antennae, yellow bodies and hindwings, and pink forewings with a triangular yellow band across the middle.## Geographic range.The rosy maple moth lives across the eastern United States and adjacent regions of Canada. Their northernmost range includes the southern regions of Canada, including Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. Their range extends south along the Atlantic coast of North America to Dade County, Florida, and extends west from eastern Texas through Minnesota.## Habitat.The rosy maple moth can be found.

Dryocampa rubicunda. in temperate deciduous forests and nearby suburban areas and urban landscapes. Their common name derives from the fact that they can primarily be found on maple trees, including red maples ("Acer rubrum"), sugar maples ("Acer saccharum"), silver maples ("Acer saccharinum"), and box elder maples ("Acer negundo"). They can also be found on oak trees, particularly turkey oaks ("Quercus laevis"), especially when they are found dispersed among maple trees.## Home range and territoriality.Larvae hatch and live on the same tree through their development, then pupate in the soil beneath the same tree. The larvae primarily eat the underside of leaves, therefore.

Dryocampa rubicunda. preferentially staying in that location of their home tree. The adults do not eat, so they can have a sizeable home range.## Behavior.## Feeding.The rosy maple moths preferentially lay their eggs on maple trees, and sometimes nearby oak trees. Since the larvae remain on the same tree upon which they hatched, most larvae feed on the underside of maple leaves or oak leaves. In early instars, the larvae feed together in groups, but beginning in the third or fourth instar the caterpillars begin to feed individually. The larvae eat the entire leaf blade and are capable of consuming a few.

Dryocampa rubicunda. leaves each. Thus, large populations of greenstriped mapleworms are capable of defoliating trees. This damage is mostly harmless and the leaves will grow back. Adult rosy maple moths do not feed.## Parental care.## Oviposition.Female rosy maple moths lay their eggs one day after fertilization. During those 24 hours, the eggs are protected inside the body of the female. Besides this, rosy maple moths exhibit little parental care, as the female leaves after depositing her eggs. Females typically lay around 150 to 200 eggs in groups of 10 to 40 on the underside of leaves of maple trees and occasionally oak.

Dryocampa rubicunda. trees. Females typically only reproduce once, but in southern regions they can lay eggs up to three times. Egg laying typically occurs in the warmer months, with a peak in July, although precise timing depends on the region. In northern regions, one brood is laid between May and August. Further south, two broods are laid between April and September. In Florida, between March and October three broods are laid.## Social behavior.Caterpillars live and feed in groups until the fourth instar when they become solitary. Adult rosy maple moths are mostly solitary besides during mating.## Life cycle.Individual rosy maple moths typically.

Dryocampa rubicunda. live for about two to nine months. Between hatching and adulthood, the species undergoes five instars. For moths with longer life spans, much of this time is spent as a pupa over the winter months.## Eggs.Eggs are laid 24 hours after fertilization. The eggs are ovular and about 1.4 mm in diameter, with a thin smooth yellow shell. Eggs hatch after about ten days to two weeks. After hatching, a transparent egg shell is left behind.## Caterpillar.Rosy maple moth larvae are known as greenstriped mapleworms, and they undergo five instars prior to adulthood, during which their coloration and eating behavior.

Dryocampa rubicunda. changes. In early instars, the larvae have relatively large black heads and pale yellow-green bodies with faint green stripes. They have two large dark-green to black tubercles on the second thoracic segment and three rows of smaller spines, or setae, on each side of their body. The larvae undergo their first molt around 6–11 days after hatching, their second molt approximately 12 days after hatching, and their third molt around 19 days post hatching. In the next instars, the black head becomes smaller relative to the diameter of the body and the longitudinal stripes darken and become reddish. In later.

Dryocampa rubicunda. instars, the head becomes yellow, and in the final instar, becomes bright red. By the final instar, the body is yellow green with longitudinal stripes that range from white to green to black. The two prominent horns on the second thoracic segment are accompanied by two rows of short spines found along both sides of the body. At maturity, the caterpillars reach lengths of about 2 inches. Until the fourth instar, the larvae live and feed together, but in their final two instars they are solitary.## Pupa.After about a month, full-grown caterpillars crawl to the bottom of the host tree.

Dryocampa rubicunda. and pupate in shallow underground chambers. The pupae are very dark, elongated, and have small spines. The pupa ends in a small forked point. The pupal stage lasts at least two weeks and up to the whole winter. If the moths pupate over winter, the majority of their lives are spent in the pupal stage. When the imago (adult) ecloses, it has small wings which it has to pump full of fluid in order to expand them and allow for flight.## Adult.Adult rosy maple moths are distinguishable by their bright pink and yellow color, although exact coloration can vary significantly.

Dryocampa rubicunda. Both sexes have a wingspan of 32–55 mm. Their bodies are woolly, and typically yellow on the top and pink on the underside, but can range to cream or white. Their legs and antennae are also pink. The forewings can be yellow to white with varying amounts of pink along the edges. The "alba" subspecies, found in Missouri, is completely white or white with faint pink markings.## Predators.The predators of the rosy maple moth and larvae mostly consist of birds including blue jays, black-capped chickadees, and tufted titmice. The bright coloration of the wings may serve as a defense mechanism.

Dryocampa rubicunda. to trick predators into thinking they are poisonous and not edible. The colouration of this moth rather surprisingly acts as a form of camouflage, blending it in with maple seed cases.## Mating.Rosy maple moths exhibit sexual dimorphism, that is males and females have different appearances. In the case of the rosy maple moth, males have narrower and less rounded wings. Additionally, while females have simple antennae, males have bipectinate (comb-like on both sides) antennae to sense females' pheromones during mating. The moths become sexually mature at 2 to 9 months of age. Mating occurs at night, when females release pheromones.

Dryocampa rubicunda. to attract males. Fertilization occurs internally, and females lay their eggs 24 hours after mating. The moths are polygyandrous: females find a new male to mate with each time during breeding season when multiple broods are laid per season in warmer regions.## Thermoregulation.Adults become active in the warmer months of the year. In a study that compared "D. rubicunda" with "Actias luna", the prevalence of the rosy maple moth was found to vary with changes in temperature, with highest counts at the highest temperature, perhaps due to the tropical origin of the subfamily Ceratocampinae. Their small size, preventing more effective.

Dryocampa rubicunda. body temperature control, may also contribute to their preference for warm weather. Adult moths are generally nocturnal, preferentially flying throughout the first third of the night.


Question: For the animal in the image, what do they commonly eat?

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

Elephant. tall. As with other megaherbivores, including the extinct sauropod dinosaurs, the large size of elephants likely developed to allow them to survive on vegetation with low nutritional value. Their limbs grew longer and the feet shorter and broader. The feet were originally plantigrade and developed into a digitigrade stance with cushion pads and the sesamoid bone providing support. Early proboscideans developed longer mandibles and smaller craniums while more derived ones developed shorter mandibles, which shifted the head's centre of gravity. The skull grew larger, especially the cranium, while the neck shortened to provide better support for the skull. The increase.

Elephant. in size led to the development and elongation of the mobile trunk to provide reach. The number of premolars, incisors and canines decreased.The cheek teeth (molars and premolars) of proboscideans became larger and more specialized, especially after elephants started to switch from C3-plants to C4-grasses, which caused their teeth to undergo a three-fold increase in teeth height as well as substantial multiplication of lamellae after about five million years ago. Only in the last million years or so did they return to a diet mainly consisting of C3 trees and shrubs. The upper second incisors grew into tusks, which varied.

Elephant. gait similar to running. In walking, the legs act as pendulums, with the hips and shoulders rising and falling while the foot is planted on the ground. With no "aerial phase", the fast gait does not meet all the criteria of running, although the elephant uses its legs much like other running animals, with the hips and shoulders falling and then rising while the feet are on the ground. Fast-moving elephants appear to 'run' with their front legs, but 'walk' with their hind legs and can reach a top speed of 25 (km/h). At this speed, most other quadrupeds are.

Elephant. impede dehydration and improve thermal regulation over a long period of time.## Behaviour and life history.## Ecology and activities.The African bush elephant can be found in habitats as diverse as dry savannahs, deserts, marshes, and lake shores, and in elevations from sea level to mountains above the snow line. Forest elephants mainly live in equatorial forests but will enter gallery forests and ecotones between forests and savannahs. Asian elephants prefer areas with a mix of grasses, low woody plants, and trees, primarily inhabiting dry thorn-scrub forests in southern India and Sri Lanka and evergreen forests in Malaya. Elephants are herbivorous.


Question: What country does this facility belong to?

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Quay with Sphinxes. Quay with Sphinxes (Sphinxes at the Universitetskaya Embankment) is a quay at the Universitetskaya Embankment in Saint Petersburg, in front of the Imperial Academy of Arts. It is remarkable for the two ancient sphinxes that were brought from Egypt to Russia at the height of Egyptomania in 1832. The quay was completed in 1834.## History.The acquisition of sphinxes at the University embankment in front of the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg is credited to Andrei Muravyov, who in 1830 was going on a pilgrimage to holy places. In Alexandria he saw the sphinxes, which were brought for sale. The.

Quay with Sphinxes. ancient sculptures impressed so much that he immediately sent a letter to the Russian Ambassador, in which he proposed to acquire them. From the Embassy the letter was directed to St. Petersburg. There its receiver, Nicholas I, redirected the message to the Russian Academy of Arts. In the end, such a purchase was deemed expedient, but by the time these bureaucratic complications were resolved, the owner had already sold the sphinxes to France. Only because of the French Revolution they at last arrived in Saint Petersburg in 1832.The first two years they spent in the courtyard of the Russian Academy.

Quay with Sphinxes. of Arts. This time was spent on the creation of a pier made of syenite at the embankment nearby, which was designed by the architect Konstantin Thon. The sphinxes took their places on the waterfront in 1834.## Description.The Saint Petersburg Sphinxes are about 3500 years old. They are made from Aswan granite and initially were in front of a magnificent temple, which was built in Egypt near Thebes (Luxor) for the 18th dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III. Their faces are portraits of Amenhotep III and the shape of their headwear (crowns "pa shemti") indicate that he was the ruler of two.

Quay with Sphinxes. kingdoms—the Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. The sphinxes weigh about 23 tons each. Universitetskaya Embankment Egyptian Bridge Cultural heritage of Russia, monument #7810705002, Пристань со сфинксами фараона Аменхотепа III «Петербургские сфинксы. Солнце Египта на берегах Невы»—СПб.: Издательство «Журнал “Нева”», 2005,—304 с., ил.


Question: What is the weight of a male of this bird in kilogram?

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Muscovy duck. grow to 3 (kg), roughly half the males' size. The bird is predominantly black and white, with the back feathers being iridescent and glossy in males, while the females are more drab. The amount of white on the neck and head is variable, as well as the bill, which can be yellow, pink, black, or any mixture of these colors. It may have white patches or bars on the wings, which become more noticeable during flight. Both sexes have pink or red wattles around the bill, those of the male being larger and more brightly colored.Although the Muscovy duck is.

Muscovy duck. ("mute duck").## Description.All Muscovy ducks have long claws on their feet and a wide, flat tail. In the domestic drake (male), length is about 86 (cm) and weight is 4.6 - 6.8 (kg), while the domestic hen (female) is much smaller, at 64 (cm) in length and 2.7 - 3.6 (kg) in weight. Large domesticated males often weigh up to 8 (kg), and large domesticated females up to 5 (kg).The true wild Muscovy duck, from which all domestic Muscovies originated, is blackish, with large white wing patches. Length can range from 66 to 84 (cm), wingspan from 137 to 152.

Muscovy duck. and blue eyes, others a light brown crown and dark markings on their nape. They are agile and speedy precocial birds.The drake has a low breathy call, and the hen a quiet trilling coo.The karyotype of the Muscovy duck is 2n=80, consisting of three pairs of macrochromosomes, 36 pairs of microchromosomes, and a pair of sex chromosomes. The two largest macrochromosome pairs are submetacentric, while all other chromosomes are acrocentric or probably telocentric for the smallest microchromosomes. The submetacentric chromosomes and the Z (female) chromosome show rather little constitutive heterochromatin (C bands), while the W chromosomes are at least two-thirds.

Muscovy duck. (note the submerged female in the image below). Domestic Muscovy ducks can breed up to three times each year.The hen lays a clutch of 8–16 white eggs, usually in a tree hole or hollow, which are incubated for 35 days. The sitting hen will leave the nest once a day from 20 minutes to one and a half hours, and will then defecate, drink water, eat and sometimes bathe. Once the eggs begin to hatch, it may take 24 hours for all the chicks to break through their shells. When feral chicks are born, they usually stay with their mother.


Question: What kind of effect does this object have?

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Convenience. effects.## Health care.Some of the major improvements over the past century has been in improved health care. For example, modern medicine has made leaps in preventing infectious diseases in part due to improved water and sewage treatment. This is obvious in the marked rises in life expectancy.## Technological advancement in underdeveloped countries.Some of the most dramatic technological benefits are seen in underdeveloped countries. For instance, cabling for landline telephone service is expensive and requires a lot of time to complete, especially in the most remote areas. Introduction of cellphone service, on the other hand, is much cheaper and dramatically improves.


Question: What is the vertex figure of this object?

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Tetrahedron. of a tetrahedron the base is a triangle (any of the four faces can be considered the base), so a tetrahedron is also known as a "triangular pyramid".Like all convex polyhedra, a tetrahedron can be folded from a single sheet of paper. It has two such nets.For any tetrahedron there exists a sphere (called the circumsphere) on which all four vertices lie, and another sphere (the insphere) tangent to the tetrahedron's faces.## Regular tetrahedron.A regular tetrahedron is a tetrahedron in which all four faces are equilateral triangles. It is one of the five regular Platonic solids, which have been known.

Tetrahedron. edge of the base. This follows from the fact that the medians of a triangle intersect at its centroid, and this point divides each of them in two segments, one of which is twice as long as the other (see ).For a regular tetrahedron with side length "a", radius "R" of its circumscribing sphere, and distances "di" from an arbitrary point in 3-space to its four vertices, we haveformula_7## Isometries of the regular tetrahedron.The vertices of a cube can be grouped into two groups of four, each forming a regular tetrahedron (see above, and also , showing one of the.

Tetrahedron. with four congruent triangles as faces; the triangles necessarily have all angles acute. The regular tetrahedron is a special case of a disphenoid. Other names for the same shape include bisphenoid, isosceles tetrahedron and equifacial tetrahedron.## Orthoschemes.A 3-orthoscheme is a tetrahedron where all four faces are right triangles. An orthoscheme is an irregular simplex that is the convex hull of a tree in which all edges are mutually perpendicular. In a 3-dimensional orthoscheme, the tree consists of three perpendicular edges connecting all four vertices in a linear path that makes two right-angled turns. The 3-orthoscheme is a tetrahedron having two.

Tetrahedron. its characteristic tetrahedron by its planes of symmetry.If the tetrahedron has edge length 2, its characteristic tetrahedron's six edges have lengths , , (the exterior right triangle face, the "characteristic triangle" of the tetrahedron), plus , , (edges that are the "characteristic radii" of the tetrahedron). The 3-edge path along orthogonal edges of the orthoscheme is , , , first from a tetrahedron vertex to an tetrahedron edge center, then turning 90° to an tetrahedron face center, then turning 90° to the tetrahedron center. The orthoscheme has four dissimilar right triangle faces. The exterior face is a 30-60-90 triangle which.

Tetrahedron. is one-sixth of a tetrahedron face. The three faces interior to the tetrahedron are: a right triangle with edges , , , a right triangle with edges , , , and a right triangle with edges , , .## Space-filling tetrahedra.A space-filling tetrahedron packs with directly congruent or enantiomorphous (mirror image) copies of itself to tile space. The cube can be dissected into six 3-orthoschemes, three left-handed and three right-handed (one of each at each cube face), and cubes can fill space, so the characteristic 3-orthoscheme of the cube is a space-filling tetrahedron in this sense. A disphenoid can be.

Tetrahedron. area of a triangle.Let be three edges that meet at a point, and the opposite edges. Let be the volume of the tetrahedron; thenformula_19whereformula_20The above formula uses six lengths of edges, and the following formula uses three lengths of edges and three angles.formula_21## Heron-type formula for the volume of a tetrahedron.If , , , , , are lengths of edges of the tetrahedron (first three form a triangle; with opposite , opposite , opposite ), thenformula_22where formula_23 formula_24## Volume divider.Any plane containing a bimedian (connector of opposite edges' midpoints) of a tetrahedron bisects the volume of the tetrahedron.## Non-Euclidean volume.For.

Tetrahedron. as calculated here. Then another volume formula is given byformula_25## Properties analogous to those of a triangle.The tetrahedron has many properties analogous to those of a triangle, including an insphere, circumsphere, medial tetrahedron, and exspheres. It has respective centers such as incenter, circumcenter, excenters, Spieker center and points such as a centroid. However, there is generally no orthocenter in the sense of intersecting altitudes.Gaspard Monge found a center that exists in every tetrahedron, now known as the Monge point: the point where the six midplanes of a tetrahedron intersect. A midplane is defined as a plane that is orthogonal to.

Tetrahedron. segment joining the midpoints of two opposite edges is called a "bimedian" of the tetrahedron. Hence there are four medians and three bimedians in a tetrahedron. These seven line segments are all concurrent at a point called the "centroid" of the tetrahedron. In addition the four medians are divided in a 3:1 ratio by the centroid (see Commandino's theorem). The centroid of a tetrahedron is the midpoint between its Monge point and circumcenter. These points define the "Euler line" of the tetrahedron that is analogous to the Euler line of a triangle.The nine-point circle of the general triangle has an.

Tetrahedron. face.The radius of the twelve-point sphere is one third of the circumradius of the reference tetrahedron.There is a relation among the angles made by the faces of a general tetrahedron given byformula_26where "α" is the angle between the faces "i" and "j".The geometric median of the vertex position coordinates of a tetrahedron and its isogonic center are associated, under circumstances analogous to those observed for a triangle. Lorenz Lindelöf found that, corresponding to any given tetrahedron is a point now known as an isogonic center, "O", at which the solid angles subtended by the faces are equal, having a common.

Tetrahedron. and counterclockwise orientations of the surface.Putting any of the four vertices in the role of "O" yields four such identities, but at most three of them are independent: If the "clockwise" sides of three of them are multiplied and the product is inferred to be equal to the product of the "counterclockwise" sides of the same three identities, and then common factors are cancelled from both sides, the result is the fourth identity.Three angles are the angles of some triangle if and only if their sum is 180° (π radians). What condition on 12 angles is necessary and sufficient for.

Tetrahedron. them to be the 12 angles of some tetrahedron? Clearly the sum of the angles of any side of the tetrahedron must be 180°. Since there are four such triangles, there are four such constraints on sums of angles, and the number of degrees of freedom is thereby reduced from 12 to 8. The four relations given by this sine law further reduce the number of degrees of freedom, from 8 down to not 4 but 5, since the fourth constraint is not independent of the first three. Thus the space of all shapes of tetrahedra is 5-dimensional.## Law of.

Tetrahedron. of the tetrahedron.With this definition, the circumcenter of a tetrahedron with vertices ,, can be formulated as matrix-vector product:formula_35In contrast to the centroid, the circumcenter may not always lay on the inside of a tetrahedron.Analogously to an obtuse triangle, the circumcenter is outside of the object for an obtuse tetrahedron.## Centroid.The tetrahedron's center of mass computes as the arithmetic mean of its four vertices, see Centroid.## Faces.The sum of the areas of any three faces is greater than the area of the fourth face.## Integer tetrahedra.There exist tetrahedra having integer-valued edge lengths, face areas and volume. These are called Heronian.

Tetrahedron. tetrahedra. One example has one edge of 896, the opposite edge of 990 and the other four edges of 1073; two faces are isosceles triangles with areas of and the other two are isosceles with areas of , while the volume is .A tetrahedron can have integer volume and consecutive integers as edges, an example being the one with edges 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 and volume 48.## Related polyhedra and compounds.A regular tetrahedron can be seen as a triangular pyramid.A regular tetrahedron can be seen as a degenerate polyhedron, a uniform "digonal antiprism", where base polygons are.


Question: What country does this place belong to?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Histria (ancient city). Histria or Istros (, Thracian river god, Danube), was a Greek colony or "polis" (πόλις, city) near the mouths of the Danube (known as Ister in Ancient Greek), on the western coast of the Black Sea. It was the first urban settlement on today's Romanian territory when founded by Milesian settlers in the 7th century BC. It was under Roman rule from the 1st to 3rd centuries AD. Invasions during the 7th century AD rendered it indefensible, and the city was abandoned. In antiquity, it also bore the names Istropolis, Istriopolis, and Histriopolis (Ἰστρόπολις, Ἰστρία πόλις).Histriopolis was a fort in.

Histria (ancient city). the Roman province of Moesia. As Tabula Peutingeriana shows it is situated between Tomis and Ad Stoma; 11 miles from Tomis and 9 miles from Ad Stoma. ## History.Established by Milesian settlers in order to facilitate trade with the native Getae, it is considered the oldest urban settlement on Romanian territory. Scymnus of Chios (ca 110 BC), dated its founding to 630 BC, while Eusebius of Caesarea set it during the time of the 33rd Olympic Games (657 – 656 BC). The earliest documented currency on today's Romanian territory was an 8-gram silver drachma, issued by the city around 480.

Histria (ancient city). BC. Archaeological evidence seems to confirm that all trade with the interior followed the foundation of Histria. Traders reached the interior via Histria and the Danube valley, demonstrated by finds of Attic black-figure pottery, coins, ornamental objects, an Ionian lebes and many fragments of amphoras. Amphoras have been found in great quantity at Histria, some imported but some local. Local pottery was produced following establishment of the colony and certainly before the mid-6th century. During the archaic and classical periods, when Histria flourished, it was situated near fertile arable land. It served as a port of trade soon after its.

Histria (ancient city). establishment, with fishing and agriculture as additional sources of income. By 100 AD, however, fishing had become the main source of Istrian revenue.Around 30 AD, Histria came under Roman domination. During the Roman period from the 1st to 3rd centuries AD, temples were built for the Roman gods, besides a public bath and houses for the wealthy. Altogether, it was in continuous existence for some 14 centuries, starting with the Greek period up to the Roman-Byzantine period. The Halmyris bay where was the city founded was closed by sand deposits and access to the Black Sea gradually was cut. Trade.

Histria (ancient city). continued until the 6th century AD. The invasion of the Avars and the Slavs in the 7th century AD almost entirely destroyed the fortress, and the Istrians dispersed; the name and the city disappeared.## Geographic setting.Ancient Histria was situated on a peninsula, about 5 (km) east of the modern Romanian commune of Istria, on the Dobruja coast. The ancient seashore has since been transformed into the western shore of Sinoe Lake, as the Danube's silt deposits formed a shoal which closed off the ancient coastline. The current Sinoe Lake was at the time the open northern bay, while another bay.

Histria (ancient city). on the southern shore served as the port. The acropolis with sanctuaries was established on the highest point of the coastal plain. The settlement itself, erected in the 6th century, was 1/2 mile (800 meters) to the west of the acropolis. The settlement had stone paved streets and was protected by strong wall. Water was collected along 12.5 mile (20 km) long aqueducts.## Archaeology.The ruins of the settlement were first identified in 1868 by French archaeologist Ernest Desjardins. Archaeological excavations were started by Vasile Pârvan in 1914, and continued after his death in 1927 by teams of archaeologists led successively.

Histria (ancient city). by Scarlat and Marcelle Lambrino (1928–1943), Emil Condurachi (1949–1971), Dionisie Pippidi (1971-1989), Petre Alexandrescu (1990-1999), Alexandru Suceveanu (1990-2009), Alexandru Avram and Mircea Angelescu (starting 2010). The Histria Museum, founded in 1982, exhibits some of these finds. The excavation project and site also features prominently in the film "The Ister".Archeological research in Histria managed to identify and classify several layers on site. The layer stratification can be divided primarily between the Archaic and Classical periods:## Archaic Greek layers.The ancient Greek city covered around 60 hectares. There are very few written references to the archaic city and archeological research provides the main.

Histria (ancient city). historical resource. The main deity was Apollo Ietros ("The Healer"). Zeus (Gr. Polieus) was the "protector deity" of the city and Aphrodita was also confirmed by archeological research. Historians believe all six Milesian tribes (Greek: "phylai") were represented in the colony, yet only four tribes are attested to: the Aigikoreis, Argadeis, Boreis and Geleontes. The only clue concerning the government of the city was given by Aristotle in "Politica". Thanks to his comment, it is clear that the first government of Histria was an oligarchy. From an economic point of view, the town was developed around port-related activities.## Archaic Greek.

Histria (ancient city). layer I (650–600 BC).After the stage of emporium, a polis was founded soon after 650 BC. Temples and dwellings of this time were discovered. By the beginning of the VIth century Histria was already a prosperous colony.## Archaic Greek layer II (600–550 BC).During this period a new city wall was built around the city, probably in connection with the frequent raids of the scythians.The Acropolis started to be defended by a wall, discovered by Sc. Lambrino. Another city wall was running around the western Plateau, defending also the port.## Archaic Greek layer III (550–500 BC).The Archaic age of Histria is.

Histria (ancient city). finishing with a massive destruction on the occasion, most probably, of an expedition of the Persian general Mardonios (Mardonios (old Persian Marduniya, Persian Mrdunya, Greek Μαρδόνιος (Mardónios), Latin Mardonius; † 479 B. C. during the battle of Plateaea).Another theory says the destruction of the city has taken place, probably in 512 BC, when Darius I undertook a war against the Scythians. It is still unclear if this fact is connected to the Persian expedition led by Darius, to the Scythians followers of the Persian army during the retreat or to the expedition of Mardonios.## Classical Greek layers.During the classical period,.

Histria (ancient city). there was continuity in the cults of Apollo Ietros; Zeus (Gr. Polieus) and Aphrodita. During the classical period many written sources describe the political organisation of the area.The Odrysian kingdom was involved in fighting with the Scythians ruled by Ariapeithes and Histria was situated between the two kingdoms. Due to that, most probably, Histria town was forced to join the Delian League. In the 5th century BC, these colonies were under the influence of the Delian League, passing in this period from oligarchy to democracy. From an economic point of view it was during this era that the first Histrian.

Histria (ancient city). coins were minted: a didrachma, oboli and bronze coins.## Classical Greek layer I (500–425 BC).The town was flourishing in the period of Athens's Peloponnesian Wars when the Athenian fleet came to the Greek colonies placed on the shores of the "Pontos Euxeinos" (Black Sea) to collect the contributions for the Delian Treasure (Thucydides). A new wall was built to protect a wider area then before, around the Histrian Acropolis, probably in connection with the democratic "revolution" mentioned by Aristotle in "The Politics" (cap. 5), referring to the change of the Histrian constitution, evolving from oligarchy to democracy. The city wall,.

Histria (ancient city). protecting the settlement and the port, was repaired.## Classical Greek layer II (425–350 BC).The town was dismantled for a second time in the 4th century BC, during the war between the Scythian king Ateas and Macedonian king Philip II. who destroyed the city walls protecting the Acropolis and the one protecting the whole town.## Hellenistic layers.During the Hellenistic period, there was continuity in the cult of Apollo Ietros, Zeus (Gr. "Polieus") and Aphrodita. A new temple for a "grand deity" was built. There is also evidence of the cult of Athena, Poseidon, Helikonios, Taurios, Demetra, Hermes Agoraios, Heracles, Asclepios, Dioscurii.

Histria (ancient city). and others. A new wall also appears, protecting a 10 ha area. During the Hellenistic period Histria had become an important supplier of grain for Greece. However, the economic power of Histria was represented by trade. In the Hellenistic period, the gymnasium and the theater were erected.## Hellenistic layer I (350–300 BC).The town was once again destroyed around 339 BC. During the period 313–309 BC, a rebellion of Pontic towns took place. Miletus however awarded Histrians equal political rights, or so-called isopoliteia.## Hellenistic layer II (300–175 BC).Around 260 BC, Byzantium was involved in a dispute with Histria and Callatis (modern.

Histria (ancient city). Mangalia) over Tomis "emporion" (Εμπόριον, market) (i.e. modern Constanţa). Another destruction of the city, somewhere around 175 BC, was most probably wreaked by Bastarni passing through after being called upon by Macedonian king Philip V or Perseus to reinforce the army.## Hellenistic layer III (175–100 BC).Mithridates installed a military garrison in Histria, which probably caused the third destruction of the city in the Hellenistic period. During the rule of Mithridates staters are minted in Histria.## Hellenistic layer IV (100–20 BC).Burebista arrived in Dobruja. (Gaius Antonius Hybrida)...while governor of Macedonia, had inflicted many injuries upon the subject territory as well as.

Histria (ancient city). upon that which was in alliance with Rome, and had suffered many disasters in return. 2 For after ravaging the possessions of the Dardanians and their neighbours, he did not dare to await their attack, but pretending to retire with his cavalry for some other purpose, took to flight; in this way the enemy surrounded his infantry and forcibly drove them out of the country, even taking away their plunder from them. 3 When he tried the same tactics on the allies in Moesia, he was defeated near the city of the Istrians by the Bastarnian Scythians who came to.

Histria (ancient city). their aid; and thereupon he ran away...The Hellenistic period was ended by Marcus Antonius who was in charge of the eastern Roman government, and was defeated by Octavian at Actium.## Roman layers.## Early Roman layer IA (30–100 AD).Continuous with the Hellenistic period. A new thermae (Thermae I) was built. This period is considered by historians, thanks to two inscribed artifacts, as the second founding of the city.## Early Roman layer IB (100–170 AD).In around 170 AD, a part of the town was destroyed.## Early Roman layer IC (170–250 AD).The town suffered serious destruction from which it never recovered. The main.

Histria (ancient city). theory is that it was destroyed by an invasion of Goths and Carpi. Another theory presumes that the town was destroyed in an earthquake.Late Roman layer IIBLate Roman layer IIIALate Roman layer IIIBLate Roman layer IVALate Roman layer IVBLate Roman layer VALate Roman layer VB## Bulgarian period (9th and 10th centuries).Bulgars arrived in Scythia Minor in the late 7th century.CapidavaCivitas TropaensiumHalmyrisList of ancient towns in Scythia MinorPeuce IslandTropaeum TraianiThe Histria Archaeological SiteHistria, dr. Al. Suceveanu, dr. M. Angelescu edsHistria's New Look - A 3D Model, dr. M. AngelescuHistory Microregion Sinoe - by Doctor Archaeologist Catalin Dobrinescu Tur video Histria -.

Histria (ancient city). INP 360 Hellenistic Greek inscriptions of Istros in English translation Greek cities on the western coast of the Black Sea, dissertation by S.Andrews, Chapter 4 (PDF) Wheel money /wheel coin/, 500-400 BC: ancient city Istros.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this animal?

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New Zealand sea lion. The New Zealand sea lion ("Phocarctos hookeri"), once known as Hooker's sea lion, and as or (male) and (female) in Māori, is a species of sea lion that is endemic to New Zealand and primarily breeds on New Zealand's subantarctic Auckland and Campbell islands, and have in recent years been slowly breeding and recolonising around the coast of New Zealand's South and Stewart islands. The New Zealand sea lion numbers around 12,000 and is one of the world's rarest sea lion species. They are the only species of the genus "Phocarctos".## Physiology and behaviour.New Zealand sea lions are one of.

New Zealand sea lion. lionNew Zealand sea lion at the Department of Conservation Encyclopedia of New Zealand - New Zealand sea lionARKive—images and movies of the Hooker's sea lion "(Phocarctos hookeri).


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this bird?

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Purple sandpiper. The purple sandpiper (Calidris maritima) is a small shorebird in the sandpiper family Scolopacidae. This is a hardy sandpit that breeds in the arctic and subarctic regions of Eurasia and North America and winters further south on the Atlantic coast.## Taxonomy.The purple sandpiper was formally described in 1764 by the Danish zoologist Morten Thrane Brünnich and given the binomial name "Tringa maratina". This species was formerly placed in the genus "Erolia". It is now placed with 23 other sandpipers in the genus "Calidris" that was introduced in 1804 by the German naturalist Blasius Merrem. The genus name is from Ancient.

Purple sandpiper. Greek "kalidris" or "skalidris", a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds. The specific epithet "maritima" is from Latin and means "of the sea", from "mare", "sea". The purple sandpiper is treated as monotypic: no subspecies are recognised. Within the genus "Calidris" the purple sandpiper is sister to the rock sandpiper ("Calidris ptilocnemis") and is closely related to the sanderling ("Calidris alba") and the dunlin ("Calidris alpina").## Description.Adults have short yellow legs and a medium thin dark bill with a yellow base. The body is dark on top with a slight purplish gloss and mainly white underneath. The.


Question: What is this place named after?

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Arch of Hadrian (Jerash). The Arch of Hadrian is an ancient Roman structure in Jerash, Jordan. It is an 11-metre high triple-arched gateway erected to honor the visit of Roman Emperor Hadrian to the city (then called Gerasa) in the winter of 129–130. The arch originally stood to almost 22 m and probably had wooden doors. It features some unconventional, possibly Nabataean, architectural features, such as acanthus bases. The columns are decorated with capitals at the bottom rather than the top. The monument served both as a commemorative arch and as an approach to Gerasa. The Arch's relative remoteness from the city walls points.

Arch of Hadrian (Jerash). to a plan for southward expansion of Gerasa during its heyday. The expansion, however, has not been implemented.## Description.In 2005, the arch was under restoration. Reconstruction was completed in 2007 and the arch is now roughly 21 meters high (about 36 feet), 37.45 meters long, and 9.25 meters wide. Each face of the arch has four engaged columns standing on pedestals and bases. Each pedestal is 2.20 meters high, 2.25 meters wide and 1.20 meters deep. The base of each column is topped by a row of acanthus leaves.There are three vaulted passageways on the lower level and each of.

Arch of Hadrian (Jerash). these is flanked by two columns with Corinthian capitals. The two flanked archways are topped with niches. Each niche is on top of a small entablature, which stands on two pilasters crowned with capitals.The arch was crowned with an attic, which might have held a dedicatory inscription. The lower part of the attic was decorated with a frieze of acanthus leaves and the central part was crowned with a triangular cornice.## Inscription.There was a marble "tabula ansata" panel that was 1.03 meters in height and 7.14 meters in width, with letters 12–13 cm tall.List of Roman triumphal archesArch of Hadrian.


Question: What country does this facility belong to?

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Library of Celsus. The Library of Celsus () is an ancient Roman building in Ephesus, Anatolia, now part of Selçuk, Turkey. The building was commissioned in the 110s A.D. by a consul, Gaius Julius Aquila, as a funerary monument for his father, former proconsul of Asia Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, and completed during the reign of Hadrian, sometime after Aquila's death. The library is considered an architectural marvel, and is one of the only remaining examples of a library from the Roman Empire. The Library of Celsus was the third-largest library in the Roman world behind only Alexandria and Pergamum, believed to have.

Library of Celsus. before being elected to serve as a consul in Rome in 92 A.D. Celsus, a native of Sardis, was one of the first men from the Greek-speaking eastern provinces to serve as a consul, the highest elected office in imperial Rome. He was later appointed as proconsul, or governor, of Asia, the Roman province that covered roughly the same area as modern-day Turkey. Celsus's son Aquila commissioned the library in his honor, though it was not completed until after Aquila's death. An inscription records that Celsus left a large legacy of 25,000 denarii to pay for the library's reading material.The.

Library of Celsus. Honorific Portrait Statues in the Greek East in the Second Century A.D." "The Journal of Roman Studies" 88 (1998): 56-93. doi:10.2307/300805. classics.uc.edu, Architecture, classical studies, bibliography (Archived) Virtual reconstruction of the Celsus library in Ephesus, Turkey.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this insect?

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Siproeta stelenes. Siproeta stelenes (malachite) is a Neotropical brush-footed butterfly (family Nymphalidae). The malachite has large wings that are black and brilliant green or yellow-green on the upperside and light brown and olive green on the underside. It is named for the mineral malachite, which is similar in color to the bright green on the butterfly's wings. Typically, the wingspread is between 8.5 and 10 (cm). The malachite is found throughout Central and northern South America, where it is one of the most common butterfly species. Its distribution extends as far north as southern Texas and the tip of Florida, to Cuba.

Siproeta stelenes. as subspecies "S. s. insularis" (Holland, 1916), and "S. s. biplagiata", and south to Brazil.Adults feed on flower nectar, rotting fruit, dead animals, and bat dung. Females lay eggs on the new leaves of plants in the family Acanthaceae, especially ruellia. The larvae are horned, spiny, black caterpillars with red markings, The pupa stage is green and have sharp, gold spines that can puncture predators.Malachites often are confused with "Philaethria dido". They have similar coloration, but their wing shapes are different.Malachite fact sheetThe Butterfly Project: Siproeta stelenes.


Question: What is the weight of a male of this animal in kilogram?

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Sea otter. The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean. Adult sea otters typically weigh between 14 and 45 (kg), making them the heaviest members of the weasel family, but among the smallest marine mammals. Unlike most marine mammals, the sea otter's primary form of insulation is an exceptionally thick coat of fur, the densest in the animal kingdom. Although it can walk on land, the sea otter is capable of living exclusively in the ocean.The sea otter inhabits nearshore environments, where it dives to the sea floor to.

Sea otter. Description.The sea otter is one of the smallest marine mammal species, but it is the heaviest mustelid. Male sea otters usually weigh 22 to 45 (kg) and are 1.2 to 1.5 (m) in length, though specimens up to 54 (kg) have been recorded. Females are smaller, weighing 14 to 33 (kg) and measuring 1.0 to 1.4 (m) in length. For its size, the male otter's baculum is very large, massive and bent upwards, measuring 150 (mm) in length and 15 (mm) at the base.Unlike most other marine mammals, the sea otter has no blubber and relies on its exceptionally thick.

Sea otter. the urchin's shell.The sea otter's use of rocks when hunting and feeding makes it one of the few mammal species to use tools. To open hard shells, it may pound its prey with both paws against a rock on its chest. To pry an abalone off its rock, it hammers the abalone shell using a large stone, with observed rates of 45 blows in 15 seconds. Releasing an abalone, which can cling to rock with a force equal to 4,000 times its own body weight, requires multiple dives.## Social structure.Although each adult and independent juvenile forages alone, sea otters tend.

Sea otter. 1745, they began to move on to the Aleutian Islands. The Russians initially traded with the Aleuts inhabitants of these islands for otter pelts, but later enslaved the Aleuts, taking women and children hostage and torturing and killing Aleut men to force them to hunt. Many Aleuts were either murdered by the Russians or died from diseases the hunters had introduced. The Aleut population was reduced, by the Russians' own estimate, from 20,000 to 2,000. By the 1760s, the Russians had reached Alaska. In 1799, Tsar Paul I consolidated the rival fur-hunting companies into the Russian-American Company, granting it an.


Question: In which year was this material invented or discovered?

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Plywood. of 45 degrees (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 degrees), giving strength in multiple axes.The word "ply" derives from the French verb , "to fold", from the Latin verb , from the ancient Greek verb .## History.The ancient Egyptians and Greeks cut wood thinly and glued it together in layers with the grain in perpendicular directions as fine wood was in short supply. This is believed to have been done purely for cosmetic and economical purposes but it turned out to be a great alternative to pure wood as it reduced flex, making it a versatile building material.In 1797 Samuel.


Question: Who is the discoverer or inventor of this object?

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Aqua-Lung. Aqua-Lung was the first open-circuit, self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (or "scuba") to achieve worldwide popularity and commercial success. This class of equipment is now commonly referred to as a twin-hose diving regulator, or demand valve. The Aqua-Lung was invented in France during the winter of 1942–1943 by two Frenchmen: the engineer Émile Gagnan and the Naval Lieutenant (French: "lieutenant de vaisseau") Jacques Cousteau. It allowed Cousteau and Gagnan to film and explore underwater more easily.The invention revolutionised autonomous underwater diving by providing a compact, reliable system capable of a greater depth range and endurance than its precursors, and was a.

Aqua-Lung. Bernard Piel"). One of their apparatuses went to Émile Gagnan, an engineer employed by the Air Liquide company. Gagnan miniaturized and adapted it to gas generators in response to a fuel shortage, which was a consequence of German requisitioning. Gagnan's boss, Henri Melchior, knew that his son-in-law Jacques-Yves Cousteau was looking for an automatic demand regulator to increase the useful endurance of the underwater breathing apparatus invented by Commander Yves le Prieur, so he introduced Cousteau to Gagnan in December 1942. On Cousteau's initiative, the Gagnan regulator was modified for use in diving. Cousteau and Gagnan were issued a patent.

Aqua-Lung. French company.Air Liquide held the patent on the original "Aqualung" (also written as "Aqua-Lung" or "Aqua Lung") until the patent expired sometime around 1960 to 1963. The term "Aqualung", as far as is known, first appeared in print on page 3 of Jacques-Yves Cousteau's first book, "The Silent World", in 1953. Public use of the word "aqualung", and public interest in Aqualungs and scuba diving, were started around 1953 in English-speaking counties by a National Geographical Society Magazine article about Cousteau's underwater archaeological expedition to Grand Congloué. In France, aqualung diving was popularized by Cousteau's movie "Épaves", while his book.


Question: Which body of water is this place located in or next to?

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Front de Seine. Front de Seine is a development in the district of Beaugrenelle in Paris, France, located along the river Seine in the 15th arrondissement at the south of the Eiffel Tower. It is, with the 13th arrondissement, one of the few districts in the city of Paris containing highrise buildings, as most have been constructed outside the city (notably in La Défense).The Front de Seine district is the result of an urban planning project from the 1970s. It includes about 20 towers reaching nearly 100 m of height built all around an elevated esplanade. That esplanade is paved with frescos that.

Front de Seine. can be seen only from the elevated floors of the towers. As opposed to Italie 13, the design of the towers is much more varied. The Hôtel Novotel Paris-Tour Eiffel (formerly known as Hôtel Nikkō), for instance, has red-encircled windows, while the Tour Totem consists of a stack of several glazed blocks.A newly redesigned shopping centre, the Centre commercial Beaugrenelle opened in 2013.Furthermore, while 13th arrondissement towers are predominantly residential and La Défense towers are predominantly commercial, the towers of the Front de Seine are of mixed commercial and residential use. Tour Avant-Seine (1975): 98 m, 32 storeys. Tour Mars.

Front de Seine. (1974): 98 m, 32 storeys. Tour Paris Côté Seine (1977): 98 m, 32 storeys. Tour Seine (1970): 98 m, 32 storeys Tour Espace 2000 (1976): 98 m, 31 storeys. Tour Évasion 2000 (1971): 98 m, 31 storeys. Hôtel Novotel Paris-Tour Eiffel (1976): 98 m, 31 storeys. Tour Totem (1979): 98 m, 31 storeys. Tour Beaugrenelle (1979): 98 m, 30 storeys. Tour Panorama (1974): 98 m, 30 storeys. Tour Perspective 1 (1973): 98 m, 30 storeys. Tour Perspective 2 (1975): 98 m, 30 storeys. Tour Reflets (1976): 98 m, 30 storeys. Tour Rive Gauche (1975): 98 m, 30 storeys. Tour Keller.

Front de Seine. (1970): 98 m, 29 storeys. Tour Cristal (1990): 98 m, 27 storeys. 79 quai André Citroën: 24 storeys. Tour Mirabeau (1972): 18 storeys. Immeuble le Village (1973): 17 storeys. Bureaux Hachette Livre (1969): 12 storeys. Tour Mercure (1973): 12 storeys.Other structures Cheminée du Front de Seine (1971): 130 meters Italie 13 La Défense List of tallest structures in Paris Front de Seine website.


Question: What is the length of a female of this animal in centimetre?

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Sea otter. the late 1980s, the USFWS relocated about 140 southern sea otters to San Nicolas Island in southern California, in the hope of establishing a reserve population should the mainland be struck by an oil spill. To the surprise of biologists, the majority of the San Nicolas sea otters swam back to the mainland. Another group of twenty swam 74 (mi) north to San Miguel Island, where they were captured and removed. By 2005, only 30 sea otters remained at San Nicolas, although they were slowly increasing as they thrived on the abundant prey around the island. The plan that authorized.


Question: Who designed this facility?

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Battersea Power Station. Battersea Power Station is a decommissioned Grade II* listed coal-fired power station, located on the south bank of the River Thames, in Nine Elms, Battersea, in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It was built by the London Power Company (LPC) to the design of Leonard Pearce, Engineer in Chief to the LPC, and CS Allott & Son Engineers. The architects were J. Theo Halliday and Giles Gilbert Scott. The station is one of the world's largest brick buildings and notable for its original, Art Deco interior fittings and decor.The building comprises two power stations, built in two stages, in a.

Battersea Power Station. day at 11 am.## Design and specification.Both of the stations were designed by a team of architects and engineers. The team was headed by Dr. Leonard Pearce, the chief engineer of the London Power Company, but a number of other notable engineers were also involved, including Henry Newmarch Allott, and T. P. O'Sullivan who was later responsible for the Assembly Hall at Filton. J. Theo Halliday was employed as architect, with Halliday & Agate Co. employed as a sub-consultant. Halliday was responsible for the supervision and execution of the appearance of the exterior and interior of the building. Architect Sir.


Question: Which city or region does this park locate in?

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Parc de Saint-Cloud. The Parc de Saint-Cloud, officially the "Domaine National de Saint-Cloud", is a "domaine national" (national estate), located mostly within Saint-Cloud, in the Hauts-de-Seine department, near Paris, France.The park, which covers 460 (ha), was a nature reserve until 1923. It is considered one of the most beautiful gardens in Europe, and in 2005 the park was awarded "Notable Garden" status. On 9 November 1994 the park was classified as a Historic Monument. In 1999 a winter storm heavily damaged the park's forests. The park is operated as a "domaine national" under the French Ministry of Culture.## History.The park is located on.

Parc de Saint-Cloud. the site of the Château de Saint-Cloud, a residence of royal and imperial families from the 16th century. After Napoleon III declared war on the Prussians, the site was occupied by a Prussian force which used the high outcropping to shell Paris. Counter-fire from the French caused the building to burn on 13 October 1870. The structure was completely razed in August 1892.Only a few outbuildings remain from the original structure. The park contains a Le Nôtre-designed garden in the French style, an English garden, and Marie Antoinette's rose garden.The park showcases a panoramic view of Paris called "La Lanterne.

Parc de Saint-Cloud. or the "Lantern of Demosthenes".Musée du château de Saint-Cloud: A five-room museum dedicated to the destroyed chateauÉcole Normale Supérieure (E.N.S.): Located in the Pavillon ValoisBureau International des Poids et Mesures (B.I.P.M.): The International Bureau of Weights and Measures is located in the Pavillon de Breteuil; the building contains copies of the metre and kilogram standards.## Access.The park is accessible via Pont de Sèvres and Boulogne - Pont de Saint-Cloud metro stations. The T2 tramway runs along the eastern limit of the park.Domaine national de Saint-Cloud, official websiteHistory of Saint-Cloud.


Question: Who is the main building contractor of this building?

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30 St Mary Axe. Tower were dropped, 30 St Mary Axe was designed by Norman Foster and the Arup Group. It was erected by Skanska; construction started in 2001.The building has become a recognisable landmark of London, and it is one of the city's most widely recognised examples of contemporary architecture. It won the 2003 Emporis Skyscraper Award.## Site and early plans.The building stands on the site of the former Baltic Exchange (24–28 St Mary Axe), which was the headquarters of a global marketplace for shipping freight contracts and soft commodities, and the Chamber of Shipping (30–32 St Mary Axe). The tower's topmost panoramic.

30 St Mary Axe. Barclays' former city headquarters in Lombard Street, the idea was that the passer-by in neighbouring streets would be nearly oblivious to the tower's existence until directly underneath it.## Design and construction.The building was constructed by Skanska, completed in December 2003 and opened on 28 April 2004. The primary occupant of the building is Swiss Re, a global reinsurance company, which had the building commissioned as the head office for its UK operation. The tower is thus sometimes known as the Swiss Re Building, although this name has never been official and was never in popular usage anyway, unlike the Gherkin.

30 St Mary Axe. Engineers examined the other 744 glass panels on the building. The cost of repair was covered by main contractor Skanska and curtain-wall supplier Schmidlin (now called Schmidlin-TSK AG). The open-floor ventilation system did not operate as designed due to tenants adding glass partitions to increase security.Since its completion, the building has won a number of awards for architecture. In October 2004, the architect was awarded the 2004 Stirling Prize. For the first time in the prize's history, the judges were unanimous. In December 2005, a survey of the world's largest firms of architects published in "2006 BD World Architecture 200.


Question: Who is the creator of this object?

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Reflecting telescope. A reflecting telescope (also called a reflector) is a telescope that uses a single or a combination of curved mirrors that reflect light and form an image. The reflecting telescope was invented in the 17th century by Isaac Newton as an alternative to the refracting telescope which, at that time, was a design that suffered from severe chromatic aberration. Although reflecting telescopes produce other types of optical aberrations, it is a design that allows for very large diameter objectives. Almost all of the major telescopes used in astronomy research are reflectors. Reflecting telescopes come in many design variations and may.

Reflecting telescope. employ extra optical elements to improve image quality or place the image in a mechanically advantageous position. Since reflecting telescopes use mirrors, the design is sometimes referred to as a catoptric telescope.From the time of Newton to the 1800s, the mirror itself was made of metal usually speculum metal. This type included Newton's first designs and even the largest telescopes of the 19th century, the Leviathan of Parsonstown with a 1.8 meter wide metal mirror. In the 19th century a new method using a block of glass coated with very thin layer of silver began to become more popular by.

Reflecting telescope. his telescope and five years before Hooke built the first such Gregorian telescope, Isaac Newton in 1668 built his own reflecting telescope, which is generally acknowledged as the first reflecting telescope. It used a spherically ground metal primary mirror and a small diagonal mirror in an optical configuration that has come to be known as the Newtonian telescope.Despite the theoretical advantages of the reflector design, the difficulty of construction and the poor performance of the speculum metal mirrors being used at the time meant it took over 100 years for them to become popular. Many of the advances in reflecting.

Reflecting telescope. useful for terrestrial observations. Some small spotting scopes are still built this way. There are several large modern telescopes that use a Gregorian configuration such as the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope, the Magellan telescopes, the Large Binocular Telescope, and the Giant Magellan Telescope.## Newtonian.The Newtonian telescope was the first successful reflecting telescope, completed by Isaac Newton in 1668. It usually has a paraboloid primary mirror but at focal ratios of about f/10 or longer a spherical primary mirror can be sufficient for high visual resolution. A flat secondary mirror reflects the light to a focal plane at the side of.

Reflecting telescope. seldom faster than f/15.## Off-axis designs.There are several designs that try to avoid obstructing the incoming light by eliminating the secondary or moving any secondary element off the primary mirror's optical axis, commonly called off-axis optical systems.## Herschelian.The Herschelian reflector is named after William Herschel, who used this design to build very large telescopes including the 40-foot telescope in 1789. In the Herschelian reflector the primary mirror is tilted so the observer's head does not block the incoming light. Although this introduces geometrical aberrations, Herschel employed this design to avoid the use of a Newtonian secondary mirror since the speculum.


Question: What is the conservation status of this fish? (The status is assigned by the international union for conservation of nature. Choose one among Endangered,Least Concern,Critically Endangered,extinct species,extinct in the wild,Vulnerable,Near Threatened,Data Deficient).

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Bonnethead. commercial and recreational fisheries and constitutes up to 50% of all small shark landings in the Eastern US, but is still reasonably abundant there as well as in the Atlantic Coasts of the Bahamas and Mexico. However, significant declines have been reported in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Central America and massive declines along with widespread disappearance on the Atlantic Coast of South America as well as most of the shark's Pacific range, leading it to be uplifted to 'Endangered" in 2020.Since October 2021, "S. tiburo" has been classified as Largely Depleted by the IUCN. Species Description of Sphyrna tiburo.


Question: How many day is the egg incubation period of this bird?

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Least grebe. The least grebe ("Tachybaptus dominicus"), an aquatic bird, is the smallest member of the grebe family. It occurs in the New World from the southwestern United States and Mexico to Argentina, and also on Trinidad and Tobago, the Bahamas and the Greater Antilles.## Description.The least grebe ranges in length from 21 – 27 (cm) (depending on the subspecies) and in weight from 112 – 180 (g). Weights are variable based on region and subspecies, being smaller in Panama, where males weighed a mean of 129 (g) against the females 116 (g) and larger in the West Indies, where the sexes.

Least grebe. seconds.## Breeding.Least grebes breed throughout the year. Those in the tropics tend to breed during the rainy season, while active nests have been found in every month of the year in Texas. Each pair builds a compact floating nest of vegetation—typically a variety of aquatic weeds—which is anchored to rooted plants in still open water as deep as 1.5 (m). The female lays three to six white eggs, though the damp nest material soon stains them with brown. Both adults incubate the eggs, which hatch after 21 days. The striped young are sometimes carried on the adult's back.## Voice.The breeding.


Question: How many year do these animal in the image typically live?

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Vipera berus. specimens of 104 (cm) have been observed there on two occasions. In France and Great Britain, the maximum size is 80 - 87 (cm). Mass ranges from 50 (g) to about 180 (g).The head is fairly large and distinct and its sides are almost flat and vertical. The edge of the snout is usually raised into a low ridge. Seen from above, the rostral scale is not visible, or only just. Immediately behind the rostral, there are two (rarely one) small scales.Dorsally, there are usually five large plates: a squarish frontal (longer than wide, sometimes rectangular), two parietals (sometimes with.

Vipera berus. a tiny scale between the frontal and the parietals), and two long and narrow supraoculars. The latter are large and distinct, each separated from the frontal by one to four small scales. The nostril is situated in a shallow depression within a large nasal scale.The eye is relatively large—equal in size or slightly larger than the nasal scale—but often smaller in females. Below the supraoculars are six to 13 (usually eight to 10) small circumorbital scales. The temporal scales are smooth (rarely weakly keeled). There are 10–12 sublabials and six to 10 (usually eight or 9) supralabials. Of the latter,.

Vipera berus. 10 million partridges each year by countryside estates has also been suggested to have a significant impact on adder populations across the UK, with the possibility the reptile could be extinct within 12 years.## Behaviour.This species is mainly diurnal, especially in the north of its range. Further south it is said to be active in the evening, and it may even be active at night during the summer months. It is predominantly a terrestrial species, although it has been known to climb up banks and into low bushes in order to bask or search for prey.Adders are not usually aggressive,.

Vipera berus. toxicity as being relatively low compared to other viper species. They cite Minton (1974) who reported the values for mice to be 0.55 mg/kg IV, 0.80 mg/kg IP and 6.45 mg/kg SC. As a comparison, in one test the minimum lethal dose of venom for a guinea pig was 40–67 mg, but only 1.7 mg was necessary when "Daboia russelii" venom was used. Brown (1973) gives a higher subcutaneous LD50 range of 1.0–4.0 mg/kg. All agree that the venom yield is low: Minton (1974) mentions 10–18 mg for specimens 48 – 62 (cm) in length, while Brown (1973) lists only.

Vipera berus. possible after any bite. Very occasionally bites can be life-threatening, particularly in small children, while adults may experience discomfort and disability long after the bite. The length of recovery varies, but may take up to a year. Surprisingly, Norway has on average registered one death from the snake every 10 years, despite only having 200-500 reports of bites a year.Local symptoms include immediate and intense pain, followed after a few minutes (but perhaps by as much as 30 minutes) by swelling and a tingling sensation. Blisters containing blood are not common. The pain may spread within a few hours, along.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

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Blue-black grassquit. The blue-black grassquit ("Volatinia jacarina") is a small Neotropical bird in the tanager family, Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus Volatinia. It is a common and widespread bird that breeds from southern Mexico through Central America, and South America as far as northern Chile, Argentina and Paraguay, and on Trinidad and Tobago.This species is sexually dimorphic; the male is glossy blue with some white under the wing. The female is brown above and pale buff with darker streaks below.## Taxonomy.The blue-black grassquit was described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1766 in the twelfth edition of.

Blue-black grassquit. his "Systema Naturae" under the binomial name "Tanagra jacarina". Linnaeus based his description on the "Jacarni" that was described in 1648 by the German naturalist Georg Marcgrave in his "Historia Naturalis Brasiliae". The type locality is eastern Brazil. The specific epithet "jacarina" is derived from the Tupi language and was used for a type of finch. The blue-black grassquit is now the only species placed in the genus "Volatinia" that was introduced in 1850 by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach. The genus name is a diminutive of the Latin "volatus" meaning "flying".Within the tanager family Thraupidae the blue-black grassquit is.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this insect?

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Edith's checkerspot. Edith's checkerspot ("Euphydryas editha") is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is a resident species of western North America and among the subspecies, entomologists have long been intrigued by their many phenotypic variations in coloration, wing length, and overall body size. Most populations are monophagous and rely on plants including "Plantago erecta" and "Orthocarpus densiflorus" as its host species in developing from eggs through to larvae, pupae, and mature butterflies. Males exhibit polygyny whereas females rarely mate more than once. Males devote most of their attention to mate acquisition, and such mate locating strategies such as hilltopping.

Edith's checkerspot. behavior has developed. Climate change and habitat destruction has impacted certain subspecies. Two subspecies in particular, "Euphydryas editha quino" and "Euphydryas editha bayensis", are currently under protection via the Endangered Species Act.## Description.The Edith's checkerspot can be identified by its wings which are black with red and pale yellow or white bands. It also has a submarginal band that consists of yellow or white spots along with a wide postmedian band that is red. The undersides of the wings consists of alternating bands of yellow orange and cream. The wingspan is 3.2-5.1 cm. However, the subspecies of Edith's checkerspot vary.

Edith's checkerspot. fully-grown butterfly. Thus, the paradox is that these larvae no longer prefer the cool slopes of host plants they grew up on, as it produces shade to restrict growth.## Predation.Caterpillars in the genus "Euphydryas" are usually attacked by one to three parasitoid species, often by a species of "Apanteles" wasp (Braconidae), a species of "Benjaminia" wasp (Ichneumonidae), and a tachnid fly. Checkerspot butterflies have developed defense mechanisms to prevent predators from attacking. Larvae twitch in unison to repel predators, and, depending on the host plant of the population, the larvae, pupae, and adult butterflies are somewhat poisonous to vertebrates because.

Edith's checkerspot. This is in contrast to higher latitude areas in Canada where less than twenty percent have disappeared. It has been found that population extinctions were four times as high along the southern boundaries (Baja and Mexico) than along the northern boundaries (Canada). In addition, extinctions are nearly three times as high at lower elevations below 8,000 feet (2,400 m) than at higher elevations from 8,000 to 12,500 feet (2,400–3,800 m). In agreement with global warming predictions, this extinction process has shifted the range of this butterfly both northward and upward in elevation since the 1800s.In the case of "Euphydryas editha.

Edith's checkerspot. that should be considered in reserve design and recovery management. Some sedentary checkerspots remain at their original habitats despite the continuation of human interference, and have evolved adaptations to deal with these changes.In January 1997, the subspecies "Euphydryas editha quino" and "Euphydryas editha bayensis" received federal protection under the Endangered Species Act. "Euphydryas editha bayensis" has also been given the Nature Conservancy global rank of T1, which means that there are very few individuals remaining.## Impact on humans.Edith's checkerspots lay their eggs on various plant species, sometimes resulting in the death of the host plant, which could be potentially economically.

Edith's checkerspot. important to humans. In addition, larvae, pupae, and adults are poisonous to vertebrates if ingested. A plus for humans involves pollination, because in order to obtain nectar, adult butterflies of the species sometimes pollinate various flowers in the area of their habitat.## Subspecies.This species is often better known by the constituent subspecies listed below. It is subject to change as the nomenclature is altered or new subspecies are found."Euphydryas editha alebarki" – Klots' checkerspot "Euphydryas editha augusta" – Augusta checkerspot"Euphydryas editha aurilacus" – Gold Lake checkerspot"Euphydryas editha baroni" – Baron's checkerspot"Euphydryas editha bayensis" – Bay checkerspot"Euphydryas editha beani" – Bean's.

Edith's checkerspot. checkerspot"Euphydryas editha bingi" – Bing's checkerspot"Euphydryas editha colonia" – Colonia checkerspot "Euphydryas editha editha" – Edith's checkerspot"Euphydryas editha edithana" – Strand's checkerspot"Euphydryas editha ehrlichi" – Ehrlich's checkerspot "Euphydryas editha fridayi" "Euphydryas editha hutchinsi" – Hutchins' checkerspot"Euphydryas editha gunnisonensis" – Gunnison checkerspot "Euphydryas editha karinae" "Euphydryas editha koreti" – Koret's checkerspot"Euphydryas editha insularis" – Island checkerspot"Euphydryas editha lawrencei" – Lawrence's checkerspot"Euphydryas editha lehmani" – Lehman Caves checkerspot"Euphydryas editha luestherae" – LuEsther's checkerspot"Euphydryas editha mattooni" – Mattoon's checkerspot"Euphydryas editha monoensis" – Mono Lake checkerspot"Euphydryas editha nubigena" – Cloud-born checkerspot "Euphydryas editha owyheensis" "Euphydryas editha quino" – Quino checkerspot"Euphydryas editha remingtoni" "Euphydryas editha.

Edith's checkerspot. rubicunda" – Ruddy checkerspot "Euphydryas editha tahoensis" – Lake Tahoe checkerspot"Euphydryas editha taylori" – Taylor's checkerspot"Euphydryas editha wrighti" – Wright's checkerspotBibliographyCommon Names, The International Lepidoptera Survey, The Taxonomic Report. Glassberg, Jeffrey "Butterflies through Binoculars: The West" (2001) Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. "Butterflies of British Columbia" (2001) James, David G. and Nunnallee, David "Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies" (2011) Pelham, Jonathan "Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada" (2008) Pyle, Robert Michael "The Butterflies of Cascadia" (2002)Edith's checkerspot, Butterflies of Canada Butterflies and Moths of North America - "Euphydryas editha" Butterflies of America - "Euphydryas.


Question: How many elevators does this have?

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30 St Mary Axe. accepted.## Planning process.John Prescott, the Deputy Prime Minister, granted planning permission on 23 August 2000 to construct a building on the site, which would be much larger than the old Exchange. The site needed development, was not on any of the "sight lines" (planning guidance requires that new buildings do not obstruct or detract from the view of St Paul's Cathedral dome when viewed from a number of locations around London), and had housed the Baltic Exchange.The plan for the site was to reconstruct the Baltic Exchange. GMW Architects proposed a new rectangular building surrounding a restored exchange: it would.


Question: What is the length of the incubation period (in day) of this bird's egg?

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Red-legged honeycreeper. c. tobagensis" Hellmayr & Seilern, 1914 – Tobago "C. c. cyaneus" (Linnaeus, 1766) – Trinidad, east Venezuela, the Guianas and north Brazil "C. c. dispar" Zimmer, JT, 1942 – southeast Colombia and southwest Venezuela to northeast Peru "C. c. violaceus" Zimmer, JT, 1942 – southeast Peru and west Brazil to central Bolivia "C. c. brevipes" (Cabanis, 1851) – central Brazil "C. c. holti" Parkes, 1977 – east Brazil## Description.The red-legged honeycreeper is on average 12.2 (cm) long, weighs 14 (g) and has a medium-long black, slightly decurved, bill. The male is violet-blue with black wings, tail and back, and bright.

Red-legged honeycreeper. a shrub or tree several meters above the ground. The cup-shaped nest has thin side walls and is formed of stiff fibres. It is attached to the supporting twigs with cobwebs. The clutch consists of two eggs that are laid in early morning on consecutive days. They are 13.4 x 19.1 (mm) in size and have a white background with brown speckles forming a ring around the larger end. The female incubates the eggs for 12 or 13 days. When they first hatch the nestlings have their eyes closed and are covered with tuffs of grey down. They are brooded.


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Stereophonic sound. with minimal phase difference between channels.## History.## Early work.Clément Ader demonstrated the first two-channel audio system in Paris in 1881, with a series of telephone transmitters connected from the stage of the Paris Opera to a suite of rooms at the Paris Electrical Exhibition, where listeners could hear a live transmission of performances through receivers for each ear. "Scientific American" reported:This two-channel telephonic process was commercialized in France from 1890 to 1932 as the Théâtrophone, and in England from 1895 to 1925 as the Electrophone. Both were services available by coin-operated receivers at hotels and cafés, or by subscription to.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Pontederia crassipes. Pontederia crassipes (formerly "Eichhornia crassipes"), commonly known as common water hyacinth is an aquatic plant native to South America, naturalized throughout the world, and often invasive outside its native range. It is the sole species of the subgenus "Oshunae" within the genus "Pontederia". Anecdotally, it is known as the "terror of Bengal" due to its invasive growth tendencies.## Description.Water hyacinth is a free-floating perennial aquatic plant (or hydrophyte) native to tropical and sub-tropical South America. With broad, thick, glossy, ovate leaves, water hyacinth may rise above the surface of the water as much as 1 (m) in height. The leaves.

Pontederia crassipes. and stimulation of cell wall-bound peroxidase activity in the root tissues of "Mimosa pigra". (Complete List of References) "Eichhornia crassipes"Species Profile – Water Hyacinth ("Eichhornia crassipes"), National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library. Lists general information and resources for Water Hyacinth.Eichhornia crassipes Israel Wildflowers and native plantsPractical uses of Water HyacinthIUCN Leaflet on "E. crassipes" in the context of Lake Tanganyika"Water hyacinth", AquaPlant Profile.


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Batu Caves Murugan Statue. Batu Caves Murugan Statue (Tamil: முருகன் சிலை; Bahasa Malaysia: Tugu Dewa Murugga), is the tallest statue of a Hindu deity in Malaysia and third tallest statue of a Hindu deity in the world, after Garuda Wisnu Kencana Statue in Indonesia and Kailashnath Mahadev Statue in Nepal. It is also the tallest statue in Malaysia at 42.7 metres (140 ft) in height. The statue was built by Tamil Malaysians. It took three years to construct, and was unveiled in January 2006 during Thaipusam festival. The managing authority of the temple rests with the Tamil descendants. Inspired by this statue, 146 ft.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

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Prothonotary warbler. The prothonotary warbler (Protonotaria citrea) is a small songbird of the New World warbler family. It is the only member of the genus Protonotaria.## Taxonomy.The prothonotary warbler was described by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in 1779 in his "Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux" from a specimen collected in Louisiana. Buffon coined the French name "Le figuier protonotaire". The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by François-Nicolas Martinet in the "Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle," which was produced under the supervision of Edme-Louis Daubenton to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included.

Prothonotary warbler. a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert coined the binomial name "Motacilla citrea" in his catalogue of the "Planches Enluminées". The prothonotary warbler is now the only species placed in the genus "Protonotaria" that was introduced in 1858 by the American naturalist Spencer Baird. The species is monotypic, no subspecies are recognised. The genus name is from Late Latin "protonotarius", meaning "prothonotary", a notary attached to the Byzantine court who wore golden-yellow robes. The specific "citrea" is from Latin "citreus" meaning the colour "citrine". It was once known as the golden swamp warbler.A molecular phylogenetic study.

Prothonotary warbler. arrangement, take a look at the prothonotary."John James Audubon's painting of a prothonotary warbler is the third plate in his "The Birds of America".Kurt Vonneguts' novel "Jailbird" describes the warbler as "the only birds that are housebroken in captivity". Prothonotary warbler Species Account – Cornell Lab of Ornithology Prothonotary warbler - "Protonotaria citrea" - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter Prothonotary Warbler "The Swamp Songster" by Lisa Petit (January 1997) – Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center Prothonotary warbler recording at Florida Museum of Natural History.


Question: On what date did this building officially open?

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BMW Welt. The BMW Welt is a combined exhibition, delivery, adventure museum, and event venue located in Munich's district Am Riesenfeld, next to the Olympic Park, in the immediate vicinity of the BMW Headquarters and factory. It was built from August 2003 to summer 2007. A solar system with 800 kW of power is installed on the roof of the main building. The opening took place on 17 October 2007. The BMW Welt is the most visited tourist attraction in Bavaria.## Operations.BMW Welt operations are coordinated with the other local BMW facilities, the BMW Museum and BMW Headquarters. It has a showroom.

BMW Welt. offices Sauerbruch Hutton and COOP HIMMELB(L)AU first prize and made the recommendation for the competitors to rework their design submissions in a third design phase in order for BMW to determine which office would be awarded the contract.The contract was awarded to the Vienna-based architects COOP HIMMELB(L)AU and the facility was constructed from August 2003 through summer 2007 at a cost of US$200 million. Originally conceived to be open and ready for World Cup 2006, it eventually opened on 17 October 2007, and deliveries commenced on 23 October 2007. The first customer to take European delivery of a new BMW.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

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Eurasian curlew. The Eurasian curlew or common curlew (Numenius arquata) is a wader in the large family Scolopacidae. It is one of the most widespread of the curlews, breeding across temperate Europe and Asia. In Europe, this species is often referred to just as the "curlew", and in Scotland known as the "whaup" in Scots.## Taxonomy.The Eurasian curlew was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his "Systema Naturae" under the binomial name "Scolopax arquata". It is now placed with eight other curlews in the genus "Numenius" that was introduced by the French ornithologist.

Eurasian curlew. Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. The genus name "Numenius" is from Ancient Greek νουμήνιος, "noumēnios", a bird mentioned by Hesychius. It is associated with the curlew because it appears to be derived from "neos", "new" and "mene" "moon", referring to the crescent-shaped bill. The species name "arquata" is the Medieval Latin name for this bird, derived from Latin "arcuatus", "bow-shaped", and again referring to the shape of the bill.The English name "curlew" is imitative of the Eurasian curlew's call, but may have been influenced by the Old French "corliu", "messenger", from "courir ", "to run". It was first recorded in.

Eurasian curlew. and a very long curved bill. Males and females look identical, but the bill is longest in the adult female. It is generally not possible to recognize the sex of a single Eurasian curlew, or even several ones, as there is much variation; telling male and female of a mated pair apart is usually possible however. The familiar call is a loud "curloo-oo".The only similar species over most of the curlew's range is the Eurasian whimbrel ("Numenius phaeopus"). The whimbrel is smaller and has a shorter bill with a kink rather than a smooth curve. Flying curlews may also resemble.

Eurasian curlew. affected in areas with high levels of arable farming and afforestation which have reduced its natural habitats of open grasslands. Conserving breeding curlews in Southern England (Eurasian) curlew species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds Video of a Curlew Probing the Mud in the Thames Estuary.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this insect?

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Satyrium calanus. Satyrium calanus, the banded hairstreak, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae.## Appearance, behavior, and distribution.The banded hairstreak is a common hairstreak east of the Rocky Mountains in North America. It is a territorial butterfly that will challenge other butterflies invading its territory.## Subspecies.Listed alphabetically:"S. c. albidus" "S. c. calanus""S. c. falacer" "S. c. godarti" ## Life cycle.Eggs are laid singly on the host plants and hatch in the spring. There is a single brood that flies early June to late August.## Host plants.Host plants include oak, hickory, and walnut (especially butternut). Edwards' hairstreak ("S. edwardsii") Hickory hairstreak ("S. caryaevorum")Banded.

Satyrium calanus. hairstreak, Butterflies of Canada.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

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Cyperus eragrostis. Cyperus eragrostis is a species of sedge known by several common names, including tall flatsedge, nutgrass, tall nutgrass, umbrella sedge, chufa, Earth almond, zula nuts, edible galingale and pale galingale.## Distribution.This species is native to the West Coast of North America from California to Washington, the Southeastern United States, Jamaica, and South America. It has become naturalized elsewhere in some regions in the northeastern and southeastern U.S., Europe, South Africa, and various oceanic islands (Azores, Canary Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Norfolk Island, Easter Island, etc.). It can become a weed where it is introduced; it has been known to infest rice.

Cyperus eragrostis. fields.It is found in riparian areas, roadsides ditches, damp grasslands, and other moist habitats.## Description."Cyperus eragrostis" is an herbaceous perennial growing from rhizomes. It is a green sedge with tall, erect stems, 10 - 90 (cm) in height. Long, thin, pointed leaves radiate from the top, similar to parasol ribs.Its flowers are found within tough, rounded, greenish-yellow or beige spikelets. Fruiting is in the summer. List of "Cyperus" speciesUSDA Plants Profile for "Cyperus eragrostis" (tall flatsedge)Calflora Database: "Cyperus eragrostis" (Tall cyperus, Tall flatsedge)Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of "Cyperus eragrostis"UC CalPhotos gallery of "Cyperus eragrostis.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

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Olive. The olive, botanical name Olea europaea, meaning 'European olive' in Latin, is a species of small tree or shrub in the family Oleaceae, found traditionally in the Mediterranean Basin. When in shrub form, it is known as "Olea europaea" 'Montra', dwarf olive, or little olive. The species is cultivated in all the countries of the Mediterranean, as well as in Australia, New Zealand, North and South America and South Africa. "Olea europaea" is the type species for the genus "Olea".The olive's fruit, also called an "olive", is of major agricultural importance in the Mediterranean region as the source of olive.

Olive. ("eleiva") from the archaic Proto-Greek form *ἐλαίϝα (*"elaíwa") (Classic Greek ', "olive fruit", "olive tree"). The word "oil" originally meant "olive oil", from ', (', "olive oil"). Also in multiple other languages the word for "oil" ultimately derives from the name of this tree and its fruit. The oldest attested forms of the Greek words are the Mycenaean , ', and , ' or , "", written in the Linear B syllabic script.## Description.The olive tree, "Olea europaea", is an evergreen tree or shrub native to Mediterranean Europe, Asia, and Africa. It is short and squat and rarely exceeds 8.

Olive. when ripe, thinner-fleshed and smaller in wild plants than in orchard cultivars. Olives are harvested in the green to purple stage. Canned black olives have often been artificially blackened (see below on processing) and may contain the chemical ferrous gluconate to improve the appearance. "Olea europaea" contains a pyrena commonly referred to in American English as a "pit", and in British English as a "stone".## Taxonomy.The six natural subspecies of "Olea europaea" are distributed over a wide range:"Olea europaea" subsp. "europaea" (Mediterranean Basin)"Olea europaea" var. "sylvestris", considered the "wild" olive of the Mediterranean, is a variety characterized by a smaller.

Olive. tree bearing noticeably smaller fruit."O. e." subsp. "cuspidata" (from South Africa throughout East Africa, Arabia to Southwest China)"O. e. "subsp. "cerasiformis" (Madeira); also known as "Olea maderensis""O. e. "subsp. "guanchica" (Canary Islands)"O. e. "subsp. "laperrinei" (Algeria, Sudan, Niger)"O. e. "subsp. "maroccana" (Morocco)The subspecies "O. e. cerasiformis" is tetraploid, and "O. e. maroccana" is hexaploid. Wild-growing forms of the olive are sometimes treated as the species "Olea oleaster". The trees referred to as "white" and "black" olives in Southeast Asia are not actually olives but species of "Canarium".## Cultivars.Hundreds of cultivars of the olive tree are known. An olive's cultivar has.

Olive. possibly much older. Visiting guides to the garden often state that they are two thousand years old." The 2,000-year-old Bidni olive trees on Malta, which have been confirmed through carbon dating, have been protected since 1933 and are listed in UNESCO's Database of National Cultural Heritage Laws. In 2011, after recognising their historical and landscape value, and in recognition of the fact that "only 20 trees remain from 40 at the beginning of the 20th century", Maltese authorities declared the ancient Bidni olive grove at Bidnija as a Tree Protected Area.## Uses.The olive tree, "Olea europaea", has been cultivated for.

Olive. presentation, with plain olives having higher contents than those that are pitted or stuffed.## Allergenic potential.Olive tree pollen is extremely allergenic, with an OPALS allergy scale rating of 10 out of 10. "Olea europaea" is primarily wind-pollinated and its light, buoyant pollen is a strong trigger for asthma. One popular variety, "Swan Hill", is widely sold as an "allergy-free" olive tree; however, this variety does bloom and produce allergenic pollen. Moria (tree) List of olive cultivars Olive skin Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture; Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN): "Olea europaea" Most Common Spanish Olea Trees, Ginart Oleas.


Question: Who occupies this building?

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Palais de Chaillot. Niclausse and Félix-Alexandre Desruelles.The buildings now house a number of museums: the "Musée national de la Marine" (naval museum) and the "Musée de l'Homme" (prehistory and anthropology) in the southern ("Passy") wing, the "Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine", including the "Musée national des Monuments Français", in the eastern ("Paris") wing, from which one also enters the "Théâtre national de Chaillot", a theatre below the esplanade.It was on the front terrace of the palace that Adolf Hitler was pictured during his short tour of the city in 1940, with the Eiffel Tower in the background. This became an iconic image.