Question: What country does this park belong to?

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Mehrauli Archaeological Park. Mehrauli Archaeological Park is an archaeological area spread over 200 acre in Mehrauli, Delhi, adjacent to Qutub Minar World Heritage Site and the Qutb complex. It consists of over 100 historically significant monuments. It is the only area in Delhi known for 1,000 years of continuous occupation, and includes the ruins of Lal Kot built by Tomar Rajputs in 1060 CE, making it the oldest extant fort of Delhi, and architectural relics of subsequent period, rule of Khalji dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty, Lodhi dynasty of Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, and the British Raj.## Overview.The region contains sites like Tomb of Balban,.

Mehrauli Archaeological Park. ca 1287 CE, wherein a true arch and the true dome were built for the first time in India, Jamali Kamali Mosque and Tomb of Maulana Jamali Kamali (Jamali Kamboh), built 1526 - 1535 CE, Quli Khan's Tomb, Gandhak ki Baoli, Rajon Ki Baoli, a stepwell, and Madhi Masjid. Other near by monuments Jahaz Mahal, Zafar Mahal of Bahadur Shah II alias "Lal Mahal", Hauz-i-Shamsi and Tomb of Adham Khan. Pillars and remains of several old temples , Jharna which is like a pleasure garden of late Mughals are also lay scattered in the park.## Redevelopment and conservation.The redevelopment of.

Mehrauli Archaeological Park. the area as an archaeological park and conservation of important structures started in 1997, in collaboration between Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation (DTTDC), the State Department of Archaeology, the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) and the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), which first started systematic documentation of structures in the area and also started conducting heritage walks since 2000.Over the years, INTACH has restored some 40 monuments in the Park and added signages, heritage trails, and sandstone trail-markers. Qutb complex History of Delhi Baolis of Mehrauli List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi Mehrauli Archaeological.

Mehrauli Archaeological Park. Park Conservation INTACH Heritage Walks: Mehrauli Archaeological Park at INTACH Monuments of Delhi Mehrauli Archaeological Park. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1736/mehrauli-archaeological-park/.


Question: What is the architectural style of this facility?

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La Recoleta Cemetery. while Torcuato de Alvear was mayor of the city, by the Italian architect Juan Antonio Buschiazzo.## Description.Set in 5.5 (ha), the site contains 4691 vaults, all above ground, of which 94 have been declared National Historical Monuments by the Argentine government and are protected by the state. The entrance to the cemetery is through neo-classical gates with tall Doric columns. The cemetery contains many elaborate marble mausoleums, decorated with statues, in a wide variety of architectural styles such as Art Deco, Art Nouveau, Baroque, and Neo-Gothic, and most materials used between 1880 and 1930 in the construction of tombs were.


Question: In which year was this material invented or discovered?

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Plywood. of 45 degrees (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 degrees), giving strength in multiple axes.The word "ply" derives from the French verb , "to fold", from the Latin verb , from the ancient Greek verb .## History.The ancient Egyptians and Greeks cut wood thinly and glued it together in layers with the grain in perpendicular directions as fine wood was in short supply. This is believed to have been done purely for cosmetic and economical purposes but it turned out to be a great alternative to pure wood as it reduced flex, making it a versatile building material.In 1797 Samuel.


Question: What country does this park belong to?

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Rila National Park. Rila National Park () is the largest national park in Bulgaria spanning an area of 810.46 (km2) in the Rila mountain range in the south-west of the country. ## History.It was established on 24 February 1992 to protect several ecosystems of national importance. Its altitude varies from 800 (m) near Blagoevgrad to 2925 (m) at Musala Peak, the highest summit in the Balkan Peninsula. There are 120 glacial lakes, including the prominent Seven Rila Lakes. Many rivers have their source in the national park, including the river that carries the most water entirely within the Balkans (the Maritsa river) and.

Rila National Park. the longest river entirely within in Bulgaria (the Iskar river).The national park occupies territory from 4 of the 28 provinces of the country: Sofia, Kyustendil, Blagoevgrad and Pazardzhik. It includes four nature reserves: Parangalitsa, Central Rila Reserve, Ibar and Skakavitsa.Rila National Park is among the largest and most valuable protected areas in Europe. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed the park as Category II. Two of the four nature reserves are included in the UN list of Representative Protected Areas, and four of the nature reserves are included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves under.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

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Blue-black grassquit. The blue-black grassquit ("Volatinia jacarina") is a small Neotropical bird in the tanager family, Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus Volatinia. It is a common and widespread bird that breeds from southern Mexico through Central America, and South America as far as northern Chile, Argentina and Paraguay, and on Trinidad and Tobago.This species is sexually dimorphic; the male is glossy blue with some white under the wing. The female is brown above and pale buff with darker streaks below.## Taxonomy.The blue-black grassquit was described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1766 in the twelfth edition of.

Blue-black grassquit. his "Systema Naturae" under the binomial name "Tanagra jacarina". Linnaeus based his description on the "Jacarni" that was described in 1648 by the German naturalist Georg Marcgrave in his "Historia Naturalis Brasiliae". The type locality is eastern Brazil. The specific epithet "jacarina" is derived from the Tupi language and was used for a type of finch. The blue-black grassquit is now the only species placed in the genus "Volatinia" that was introduced in 1850 by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach. The genus name is a diminutive of the Latin "volatus" meaning "flying".Within the tanager family Thraupidae the blue-black grassquit is.


Question: What product does this item produce?

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Power inverter. A power inverter, inverter or invertor is a power electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The resulting AC frequency obtained depends on the particular device employed. Inverters do the opposite of rectifiers which were originally large electromechanical devices converting AC to DC.The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry. The inverter does not produce any power; the power is provided by the DC source.A power inverter can be entirely electronic or may be a combination of mechanical effects (such as.

Power inverter. a rotary apparatus) and electronic circuitry.Static inverters do not use moving parts in the conversion process.Power inverters are primarily used in electrical power applications where high currents and voltages are present; circuits that perform the same function for electronic signals, which usually have very low currents and voltages, are called oscillators. Circuits that perform the opposite function, converting AC to DC, are called rectifiers.## Input and output.## Input voltage.A typical power inverter device or circuit requires a stable DC power source capable of supplying enough current for the intended power demands of the system. The input voltage depends on the.

Power inverter. are two basic designs for producing household plug-in voltage from a lower-voltage DC source, the first of which uses a switching boost converter to produce a higher-voltage DC and then converts to AC. The second method converts DC to AC at battery level and uses a line-frequency transformer to create the output voltage.## Square wave.This is one of the simplest waveforms an inverter design can produce and is best suited to low-sensitivity applications such as lighting and heating. Square wave output can produce "humming" when connected to audio equipment and is generally unsuitable for sensitive electronics.## Sine wave.A power inverter.

Power inverter. device that produces a multiple step sinusoidal AC waveform is referred to as a "sine wave inverter". To more clearly distinguish the inverters with outputs of much less distortion than the "modified sine wave" (three-step) inverter designs, the manufacturers often use the phrase "pure sine wave inverter". Almost all consumer grade inverters that are sold as a "pure sine wave inverter" do not produce a smooth sine wave output at all, just a less choppy output than the square wave (two-step) and modified sine wave (three-step) inverters. However, this is not critical for most electronics as they deal with the.

Power inverter. output quite well.Where power inverter devices substitute for standard line power, a sine wave output is desirable because many electrical products are engineered to work best with a sine wave AC power source. The standard electric utility provides a sine wave, typically with minor imperfections but sometimes with significant distortion.Sine wave inverters with more than three steps in the wave output are more complex and have significantly higher cost than a modified sine wave, with only three steps, or square wave (one step) types of the same power handling. Switch-mode power supply (SMPS) devices, such as personal computers or DVD.

Power inverter. players, function on modified sine wave power. AC motors directly operated on non-sinusoidal power may produce extra heat, may have different speed-torque characteristics, or may produce more audible noise than when running on sinusoidal power.## Modified sine wave.The modified sine wave is the sum of two square waves, one of which is delayed one-quarter of the period with respect to the other. The result is a waveform which has voltage steps of zero, peak positive, zero, peak negative and again zero. This voltage value sequence is repeated continuously. The resultant voltage waveform better approximates the shape of a sinusoidal voltage.

Power inverter. entirely without problems, but if the item has a mains transformer, this can overheat depending on how marginally it is rated.However, the load may operate less efficiently owing to the harmonics associated with a modified sine wave and produce a humming noise during operation. This also affects the efficiency of the system as a whole, since the manufacturer's nominal conversion efficiency does not account for harmonics. Therefore, pure sine wave inverters may provide significantly higher efficiency than modified sine wave inverters.Most AC motors will run on MSW inverters with an efficiency reduction of about 20% owing to the harmonic content.

Power inverter. DC supply, in the manner of the MSN designs, but the switching takes place at a far faster rate, typically many KHz, so that the varying width of the pulses can be smoothed to create the sine wave. If a microprocessor is used to generate the switching timing, the harmonic content and efficiency can be closely controlled.## Output frequency.The AC output frequency of a power inverter device is usually the same as standard power line frequency, 50 or 60 hertz. The exception is in designs for motor driving, where a variable frequency results in a variable speed control.Also, if the.

Power inverter. output of the device or circuit is to be further conditioned (for example stepped up) then the frequency may be much higher for good transformer efficiency.## Output voltage.The AC output voltage of a power inverter is often regulated to be the same as the grid line voltage, typically 120 or 240 VAC at the distribution level, even when there are changes in the load that the inverter is driving. This allows the inverter to power numerous devices designed for standard line power.Some inverters also allow selectable or continuously variable output voltages.## Output power.A power inverter will often have an overall.

Power inverter. battery from the others.## Applications.## DC power source usage.An inverter converts the DC electricity from sources such as batteries or fuel cells to AC electricity. The electricity can be at any required voltage; in particular it can operate AC equipment designed for mains operation, or rectified to produce DC at any desired voltage.## Uninterruptible power supplies.An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) uses batteries and an inverter to supply AC power when mains power is not available. When mains power is restored, a rectifier supplies DC power to recharge the batteries.## Electric motor speed control.Inverter circuits designed to produce a variable output.

Power inverter. voltage range are often used within motor speed controllers.The DC power for the inverter section can be derived from a normal AC wall outlet or some other source. Control and feedback circuitry is used to adjust the final output of the inverter section which will ultimately determine the speed of the motor operating under its mechanical load. Motor speed control needs are numerous and include things like: industrial motor driven equipment, electric vehicles, rail transport systems, and power tools.Switching states are developed for positive, negative and zero voltages as per the patterns given in the switching Table 1. The generated.

Power inverter. gate pulses are given to each switch in accordance with the developed pattern and thus the output is obtained.## In refrigeration compressors.An inverter can be used to control the speed of the compressor motor to drive variable refrigerant flow in a refrigeration or air conditioning system to regulate system performance. Such installations are known as inverter compressors. Traditional methods of refrigeration regulation use single-speed compressors switched on and off periodically; inverter-equipped systems have a variable-frequency drive that control the speed of the motor and thus the compressor and cooling output. The variable-frequency AC from the inverter drives a brushless or.

Power inverter. induction motor, the speed of which is proportional to the frequency of the AC it is fed, so the compressor can be run at variable speeds—eliminating compressor stop-start cycles increases efficiency. A microcontroller typically monitors the temperature in the space to be cooled, and adjusts the speed of the compressor to maintain the desired temperature. The additional electronics and system hardware add cost to the equipment, but can result in substantial savings in operating costs. The first inverter air conditioners were released by Toshiba in 1981, in Japan.## Power grid.Grid-tied inverters are designed to feed into the electric power distribution.

Power inverter. hundred megawatts, are used to deliver power from high voltage direct current transmission systems to alternating current distribution systems.## Solar.A solar inverter is a balance of system (BOS) component of a photovoltaic system and can be used for both grid-connected and off-grid systems. Solar inverters have special functions adapted for use with photovoltaic arrays, including maximum power point tracking and anti-islanding protection.Solar micro-inverters differ from conventional inverters, as an individual micro-inverter is attached to each solar panel. This can improve the overall efficiency of the system. The output from several micro-inverters is then combined and often fed to the electrical.

Power inverter. grid.In other applications, a conventional inverter can be combined with a battery bank maintained by a solar charge controller. This combination of components is often referred to as a solar generator.Solar inverters are also used in spacecraft photovoltaic system.## Induction heating.Inverters convert low frequency main AC power to higher frequency for use in induction heating. To do this, AC power is first rectified to provide DC power. The inverter then changes the DC power to high frequency AC power. Due to the reduction in the number of DC sources employed, the structure becomes more reliable and the output voltage has.

Power inverter. higher resolution due to an increase in the number of steps so that the reference sinusoidal voltage can be better achieved. This configuration has recently become very popular in AC power supply and adjustable speed drive applications. This new inverter can avoid extra clamping diodes or voltage balancing capacitors.There are three kinds of level shifted modulation techniques, namely: Phase Opposition Disposition (POD) Alternative Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD) Phase Disposition (PD)## HVDC power transmission.With HVDC power transmission, AC power is rectified and high voltage DC power is transmitted to another location. At the receiving location, an inverter in a static inverter.

Power inverter. plant converts the power back to AC. The inverter must be synchronized with grid frequency and phase and minimize harmonic generation.## Electroshock weapons.Electroshock weapons and tasers have a DC/AC inverter to generate several tens of thousands of V AC out of a small 9 V DC battery. First the 9 V DC is converted to 400–2000 V AC with a compact high frequency transformer, which is then rectified and temporarily stored in a high voltage capacitor until a pre-set threshold voltage is reached. When the threshold (set by way of an airgap or TRIAC) is reached, the capacitor dumps its.

Power inverter. entire load into a pulse transformer which then steps it up to its final output voltage of 20–60 kV. A variant of the principle is also used in electronic flash and bug zappers, though they rely on a capacitor-based voltage multiplier to achieve their high voltage.## Miscellaneous.Typical applications for power inverters include: Portable consumer devices that allow the user to connect a battery, or set of batteries, to the device to produce AC power to run various electrical items such as lights, televisions, kitchen appliances, and power tools. Use in power generation systems such as electric utility companies or solar.

Power inverter. generating systems to convert DC power to AC power. Use within any larger electronic system where an engineering need exists for deriving an AC source from a DC source. Frequency conversion - if a user in (say) a 50 Hz country needs a 60 Hz supply to power equipment that is frequency-specific, such as a small motor or some electronics, it is possible to convert the frequency by running an inverter with a 60 Hz output from a DC source such as a 12V power supply running from the 50 Hz mains.## Circuit description.## Basic design.In one simple inverter circuit,.

Power inverter. DC power is connected to a transformer through the center tap of the primary winding. A relay switch is rapidly switched back and forth to allow current to flow back to the DC source following two alternate paths through one end of the primary winding and then the other. The alternation of the direction of current in the primary winding of the transformer produces alternating current (AC) in the secondary circuit.The electromechanical version of the switching device includes two stationary contacts and a spring supported moving contact. The spring holds the movable contact against one of the stationary contacts and.

Power inverter. provide large power handling capability in a semiconductor device, and can readily be controlled over a variable firing range.The switch in the simple inverter described above, when not coupled to an output transformer, produces a square voltage waveform due to its simple off and on nature as opposed to the sinusoidal waveform that is the usual waveform of an AC power supply. Using Fourier analysis, periodic waveforms are represented as the sum of an infinite series of sine waves. The sine wave that has the same frequency as the original waveform is called the fundamental component. The other sine waves,.

Power inverter. car that is moving can turn into a source of energy and can, with the right inverter topology (full H-bridge) charge the car battery when decelerating or braking. In a similar manner, the right topology (full H-bridge) can invert the roles of "source" and "load", that is, if for example the voltage is higher on the AC "load" side (by adding a solar inverter, similar to a gen-set, but solid state), energy can flow back into the DC "source" or battery.Based on the basic H-bridge topology, there are two different fundamental control strategies called basic frequency-variable bridge converter and PWM.

Power inverter. control. Here, in the left image of H-bridge circuit, the top left switch is named as "S1", and others are named as "S2, S3, S4" in counterclockwise order.For the basic frequency-variable bridge converter, the switches can be operated at the same frequency as the AC in the electric grid. However, it is the rate at which the switches open and close that determines the AC frequency. When S1 and S4 are on and the other two are off, the load is provided with positive voltage and vice versa. We could control the on-off states of the switches to adjust the.

Power inverter. AC magnitude and phase. We could also control the switches to eliminate certain harmonics. This includes controlling the switches to create notches, or 0-state regions, in the output waveform or adding the outputs of two or more converters in parallel that are phase shifted in respect to one another.Another method that can be used is PWM. Unlike the basic frequency-variable bridge converter, in the PWM controlling strategy, only two switches S3, S4 can operate at the frequency of the AC side or at any low frequency. The other two would switch much faster (typically 100 KHz) to create square voltages.

Power inverter. level of distortion caused by harmonics. The waveform quality of AC produced directly by H-bridge mentioned above would be not as good as we want.The issue of waveform quality can be addressed in many ways. Capacitors and inductors can be used to filter the waveform. If the design includes a transformer, filtering can be applied to the primary or the secondary side of the transformer or to both sides. Low-pass filters are applied to allow the fundamental component of the waveform to pass to the output while limiting the passage of the harmonic components. If the inverter is designed to.

Power inverter. provide power at a fixed frequency, a resonant filter can be used. For an adjustable frequency inverter, the filter must be tuned to a frequency that is above the maximum fundamental frequency.Since most loads contain inductance, feedback rectifiers or antiparallel diodes are often connected across each semiconductor switch to provide a path for the peak inductive load current when the switch is turned off. The antiparallel diodes are somewhat similar to the "freewheeling diodes" used in AC/DC converter circuits.Fourier analysis reveals that a waveform, like a square wave, that is anti-symmetrical about the 180 degree point contains only odd harmonics,.

Power inverter. simplifies the electronics, but the inductors and capacitors tend to be large and heavy. Its high efficiency makes this approach popular in large uninterruptible power supplies in data centers that run the inverter continuously in an "online" mode to avoid any switchover transient when power is lost.A closely related approach uses a ferroresonant transformer, also known as a constant voltage transformer, to remove harmonics and to store enough energy to sustain the load for a few AC cycles. This property makes them useful in standby power supplies to eliminate the switchover transient that otherwise occurs during a power failure while.

Power inverter. size and volume. In 2014, Google together with IEEE started an open competition named Little Box Challenge, with a prize money of $1,000,000, to build a (much) smaller power inverter.## History.## Early inverters.From the late nineteenth century through the middle of the twentieth century, DC-to-AC power conversion was accomplished using rotary converters or motor-generator sets (M-G sets). In the early twentieth century, vacuum tubes and gas-filled tubes began to be used as switches in inverter circuits. The most widely used type of tube was the thyratron.The origins of electromechanical inverters explain the source of the term "inverter". Early AC-to-DC converters.

Power inverter. used an induction or synchronous AC motor direct-connected to a generator (dynamo) so that the generator's commutator reversed its connections at exactly the right moments to produce DC. A later development is the synchronous converter, in which the motor and generator windings are combined into one armature, with slip rings at one end and a commutator at the other and only one field frame. The result with either is AC-in, DC-out. With an M-G set, the DC can be considered to be separately generated from the AC; with a synchronous converter, in a certain sense it can be considered to.

Power inverter. be "mechanically rectified AC". Given the right auxiliary and control equipment, an M-G set or rotary converter can be "run backwards", converting DC to AC. Hence an inverter is an inverted converter.## Controlled rectifier inverters.Since early transistors were not available with sufficient voltage and current ratings for most inverter applications, it was the 1957 introduction of the thyristor or silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) that initiated the transition to solid state inverter circuits.The "commutation" requirements of SCRs are a key consideration in SCR circuit designs. SCRs do not turn off or "commutate" automatically when the gate control signal is shut off. They.

Power inverter. only turn off when the forward current is reduced to below the minimum holding current, which varies with each kind of SCR, through some external process. For SCRs connected to an AC power source, commutation occurs naturally every time the polarity of the source voltage reverses. SCRs connected to a DC power source usually require a means of forced commutation that forces the current to zero when commutation is required. The least complicated SCR circuits employ natural commutation rather than forced commutation. With the addition of forced commutation circuits, SCRs have been used in the types of inverter circuits described.

Power inverter. above.In applications where inverters transfer power from a DC power source to an AC power source, it is possible to use AC-to-DC controlled rectifier circuits operating in the inversion mode. In the inversion mode, a controlled rectifier circuit operates as a line commutated inverter. This type of operation can be used in HVDC power transmission systems and in regenerative braking operation of motor control systems.Another type of SCR inverter circuit is the current source input (CSI) inverter. A CSI inverter is the dual of a six-step voltage source inverter. With a current source inverter, the DC power supply is configured.

Power inverter. as a current source rather than a voltage source. The inverter SCRs are switched in a six-step sequence to direct the current to a three-phase AC load as a stepped current waveform. CSI inverter commutation methods include load commutation and parallel capacitor commutation. With both methods, the input current regulation assists the commutation. With load commutation, the load is a synchronous motor operated at a leading power factor.As they have become available in higher voltage and current ratings, semiconductors such as transistors or IGBTs that can be turned off by means of control signals have become the preferred switching components.

Power inverter. for use in inverter circuits.## Rectifier and inverter pulse numbers.Rectifier circuits are often classified by the number of current pulses that flow to the DC side of the rectifier per cycle of AC input voltage. A single-phase half-wave rectifier is a one-pulse circuit and a single-phase full-wave rectifier is a two-pulse circuit. A three-phase half-wave rectifier is a three-pulse circuit and a three-phase full-wave rectifier is a six-pulse circuit.With three-phase rectifiers, two or more rectifiers are sometimes connected in series or parallel to obtain higher voltage or current ratings. The rectifier inputs are supplied from special transformers that provide phase.

Power inverter. shifted outputs. This has the effect of phase multiplication. Six phases are obtained from two transformers, twelve phases from three transformers and so on. The associated rectifier circuits are 12-pulse rectifiers, 18-pulse rectifiers and so on...When controlled rectifier circuits are operated in the inversion mode, they would be classified by pulse number also. Rectifier circuits that have a higher pulse number have reduced harmonic content in the AC input current and reduced ripple in the DC output voltage. In the inversion mode, circuits that have a higher pulse number have lower harmonic content in the AC output voltage waveform.## Other.


Question: In which year did this bridge officially open?

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Zubizuri. The Zubizuri (Basque for "white bridge"), also called the Campo Volantin Bridge or Puente del Campo Volantin, is a tied arch footbridge across the Nervion River in Bilbao, Spain. Designed by architect Santiago Calatrava, the bridge links the "Campo Volantin" right bank and "Uribitarte" left bank of the river.## Description.Opened in 1997, the bridge's unusual design consists of a curved walkway which is supported by steel suspension cables from an overhead arch. The structure of the bridge is painted white and the bridge deck consists of translucent glass bricks. Access ramps and stairways are located on both banks. The Zubizuri.


Question: What is the height of this island in metre?

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Confederation Bridge. voted unanimously in favour of renaming the bridge to "Epekwitk Crossing", whereas Epekwitk ( ) is the traditional Mi'kmaq name for Prince Edward Island. The name change would need to be approved by the Canadian federal government in order to take effect.## Structure.The bridge is a two-lane toll bridge that carries the Trans-Canada Highway between Borden-Carleton, Prince Edward Island (at Route 1) and Cape Jourimain, New Brunswick (at Route 16).It is a multi-span balanced cantilever bridge with a post-tensioned concrete box girder structure. Most of the curved bridge is 40 (m) above water with a 60 (m) navigation span for.

Confederation Bridge. available. Before 2006, the shuttle was free and since January 1, 2022, the service has charged $4.75 per pedestrian or $9.50 per cyclist when leaving Prince Edward Island. Baggage is charged at a rate of $4.25 per bag after the first bag.The other major Northumberland Strait crossing, Wood Islands Ferry from Wood Islands, Prince Edward Island to Caribou, Nova Scotia, charges when leaving Prince Edward Island. Other ferry fares include $20.00 per adult pedestrian, $40.00 per motorcycle, and $20.00 per bicycle. Travellers, whether entering the island by bridge and leaving by ferry or "vice versa" pay for leaving the island.

Confederation Bridge. tourists visiting Prince Edward Island increased from 740,000 in 1996 (the year before the bridge opened) to 1,200,000 in 1997, but this dropped back to about 900,000 visitors annually.As a way of further promoting the island's new accessibility, the province issued vehicle licence plates from 1999 to 2006 that featured a likeness of the Confederation Bridge between the serial number. These plates, along with four other designs, started being replaced by a single design in 2013. List of bridges in Canada List of bridges by length Newfoundland–Labrador fixed link, a similar proposal to connect the island of Newfoundland to the.


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Thermostat. a mercury thermostat to regulate the temperature of a chicken incubator. This is one of the first recorded feedback-controlled devices.Modern thermostat control was developed in the 1830s by Andrew Ure (1778–1857), a Scottish chemist, who invented the bi-metallic thermostat. The textile mills of the time needed a constant and steady temperature to operate optimally, so to achieve this Ure designed the bimetallic thermostat, which would bend as one of the metals expanded in response to the increased temperature and cut off the energy supply.Warren S. Johnson (1847–1911) of Wisconsin patented a bi-metal room thermostat in 1883, and two years later.

Thermostat. a heating or cooling system via a series of air-filled control tubes. This "control air" system responds to the pressure changes (due to temperature) in the control tube to activate heating or cooling when required. The control air typically is maintained on "mains" at 15-18 psi (although usually operable up to 20 psi). Pneumatic thermostats typically provide output/ branch/ post-restrictor (for single-pipe operation) pressures of 3-15 psi which is piped to the end device (valve/ damper actuator/ pneumatic-electric switch, etc.).The pneumatic thermostat was invented by Warren Johnson in 1895 soon after he invented the electric thermostat. In 2009, Harry Sim.


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Battersea Power Station. Irish company Real Estate Opportunities (REO), who bought it for £400 million in November 2006 with plans to refurbish the station for public use and build 3,400 homes on the site. This plan fell through due to REO's debt being called in by the state-owned banks of the UK and Ireland. The site was again put up for sale in December 2011 through commercial estate agent Knight Frank. The combination of an existing debt burden of some £750 million, the need to make a £200 million contribution to an extension to the London Underground, requirements to fund conservation of the.

Battersea Power Station. of the Second World War, construction began on the second phase, the B Station. The station came into operation gradually between 1953 and 1955. It was nearly identical to the A Station from the outside and was constructed directly to its east as a mirror to it, which gave the power station its now familiar four-chimney layout. The construction of the B Station brought the site's generating capacity up to 509 megawatts (MW), making it the third largest generating site in the UK at the time, providing a fifth of London's electricity needs (with the remainder supplied by 28 smaller.

Battersea Power Station. stations). It was also the most thermally efficient power station in the world when it opened.The A Station had been operated by the London Power Company, but by the time the B Station was completed, the UK's electric supply industry had been nationalised, and ownership of the two stations had passed into the hands of the British Electricity Authority in 1948.On 20 April 1964, the power station was the site of a fire that caused power failures throughout London, including at the BBC Television Centre, which was due to launch BBC2 that night. The launch was delayed until the following.

Battersea Power Station. Giles Gilbert Scott was involved in the project much later on, consulted to appease public reaction, and referred to in the press as "architect of the exterior". The station was designed in the "brick-cathedral" style of power station design, which was popular at the time. Battersea is one of a very small number of examples of this style of power station design still in existence in the UK, others being Uskmouth and Bankside. The station's design proved popular straightaway, and was described as a "temple of power", which ranked equal with St Paul's Cathedral as a London landmark. In a.

Battersea Power Station. unit consisted of a 66 MW machine associated with a 6 MW house alternator, giving the unit a rating of 72 MW. Combined, these gave the B station a generating capacity of 260 MW, making the site's generating capacity 503 MW. All of the station's boilers were made by Babcock & Wilcox, fuelled by pulverised coal from pulverisers also built by Babcock & Wilcox. There were nine boilers in the A station and six in the B station. The B station's boilers were the largest ever built in the UK at that time. The B station also had the highest.

Battersea Power Station. of the election.Energy in the United KingdomEnergy policy of the United KingdomBankside Power Station## References.FootnotesBibliography Battersea Power Station and Bankside (Tate Modern) compared BBC picture gallery Footage of Battersea Power Station Fire in 1964.


Question: What equipment or engine is used by this vehicle to provide power?

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Dodge Caliber. A-Class. It uses a four-cylinder 1.8-2.4 L "World" gasoline engine, designed jointly by Chrysler, Mitsubishi, and Hyundai.The car features an optional electronically controlled all-wheel drive system with variable torque at speeds of 25 to 65 (mph) for optimal handling.The Caliber uses a heavily modified GS platform, co-designed with Mitsubishi Motors. The modified GS platform is now called the JS platform by Chrysler for mid-size cars and PM/MK for compact cars. It shares a portion of the platform with the Mitsubishi Lancer, but is most similar to the Jeep Compass and Jeep Patriot. The Caliber wheels have a 5-hole pattern with.


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La Recoleta Cemetery. () and a church, Our Lady of Pilar ("), built in 1732.The order was disbanded in 1822, and the garden of the convent was converted into the first public cemetery in Buenos Aires. Inaugurated on 17 November of the same year under the name of " (Northern Cemetery), those responsible for its creation were the then-Governor Martin Rodríguez, who would be eventually buried in the cemetery, and government minister Bernardino Rivadavia.The 1822 layout was done by French civil engineer Próspero Catelin, who also designed the current facade of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral. The cemetery was last remodeled in 1881,.


Question: What is the conservation status of this animal? (The status is assigned by the international union for conservation of nature. Choose one among Endangered,Least Concern,Critically Endangered,extinct species,extinct in the wild,Vulnerable,Near Threatened,Data Deficient).

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Leopard. The leopard (Panthera pardus) is one of the five extant species in the genus "Panthera", a member of the cat family, Felidae. It occurs in a wide range in sub-Saharan Africa, in some parts of Western and Central Asia, Southern Russia, and on the Indian subcontinent to Southeast and East Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because leopard populations are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, and are declining in large parts of the global range. The leopard is considered locally extinct in Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Jordan, Morocco, Togo, the United Arab Emirates,.


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Steam locomotive. another trio of locomotives, concluding with the "Catch Me Who Can" in 1808.In 1812, Matthew Murray's successful twin-cylinder rack locomotive "Salamanca" first ran on the edge-railed rack-and-pinion Middleton Railway. Another well-known early locomotive was "Puffing Billy", built 1813–14 by engineer William Hedley. It was intended to work on the Wylam Colliery near Newcastle upon Tyne. This locomotive is the oldest preserved, and is on static display at the Science Museum, London.## George Stephenson.George Stephenson, a former miner working as an engine-wright at Killingworth Colliery, developed up to sixteen Killingworth locomotives, including "Blücher" in 1814, another in 1815, and a (newly.


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Aysgarth Falls. Aysgarth Falls are a triple flight of waterfalls, surrounded by woodland and farmland, carved out by the River Ure over an almost 1 (mi) stretch on its descent to mid-Wensleydale in the Yorkshire Dales of England, near the village of Aysgarth. The falls are quite spectacular after heavy rainfall as thousands of gallons of water cascade over the series of broad limestone steps, which are divided into three stages: Upper Force, Middle Force and Lower Force.The falls are an SSSI.Aysgarth Falls have attracted visitors for more than 200 years, including John Ruskin, J. M. W. Turner and William Wordsworth visited,.

Aysgarth Falls. all enthusing about the falls' outstanding beauty. All three falls were featured in the film "".The Falls are situated in the Yorkshire Dales National Park. There is a visitors' centre with an exhibition, information, items for sale, a café, toilets and a pay-and-display car park.There are public footpaths through the wooded valley, offering views of the river and falls. Wild flowers appear in the spring and summer, for example snowdrops in January and February, primroses in April and bluebells in May, and birds, squirrels and deer may also be seen. Occasionally salmon can be seen leaping up the falls in.


Question: What type of wing is designed for this object?

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Airplane. An airplane or aeroplane (informally plane) is a fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine, propeller, or rocket engine. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations. The broad spectrum of uses for airplanes includes recreation, transportation of goods and people, military, and research. Worldwide, commercial aviation transports more than four billion passengers annually on airliners and transports more than 200 billion tonne-kilometers of cargo annually, which is less than 1% of the world's cargo movement. Most airplanes are flown by a pilot on board the aircraft, but some are designed to.

Airplane. and either Latin "planus", "level", or Greek πλάνος ("planos"), "wandering". "Aéroplane" originally referred just to the wing, as it is a plane moving through the air. In an example of synecdoche, the word for the wing came to refer to the entire aircraft.In the United States and Canada, the term "airplane" is used for powered fixed-wing aircraft. In the United Kingdom and Ireland and most of the Commonwealth, the term "aeroplane" () is usually applied to these aircraft.## History.## Antecedents.Many stories from antiquity involve flight, such as the Greek legend of Icarus and Daedalus, and the Vimana in ancient Indian.

Airplane. of Birds" (1502), noting for the first time the distinction between the center of mass and the center of pressure of flying birds.In 1799, George Cayley set forth the concept of the modern airplane as a fixed-wing flying machine with separate systems for lift, propulsion, and control. Cayley was building and flying models of fixed-wing aircraft as early as 1803, and he built a successful passenger-carrying glider in 1853. In 1856, Frenchman Jean-Marie Le Bris made the first powered flight, by having his glider "L'Albatros artificiel" pulled by a horse on a beach. Then the Russian Alexander F. Mozhaisky also.

Airplane. subsequently abandoned work on it.In the 1890s, Lawrence Hargrave conducted research on wing structures and developed a box kite that lifted the weight of a man. His box kite designs were widely adopted. Although he also developed a type of rotary aircraft engine, he did not create and fly a powered fixed-wing aircraft.Between 1867 and 1896, the German pioneer of human aviation Otto Lilienthal developed heavier-than-air flight. He was the first person to make well-documented, repeated, successful gliding flights. Lilienthal's work led to him developing the concept of the modern wing, his flight attempts in 1891 are seen as the.

Airplane. rigorously inspected to search for imperfections and defects. After approval by inspectors, the plane is put through a series of flight tests to assure that all systems are working correctly and that the plane handles properly. Upon passing these tests, the plane is ready to receive the "final touchups" (internal configuration, painting, etc.), and is then ready for the customer.## Characteristics.## Airframe.The structural parts of a fixed-wing aircraft are called the airframe. The parts present can vary according to the aircraft's type and purpose. Early types were usually made of wood with fabric wing surfaces, When engines became available for.

Airplane. to stabilize the plane's pitch (tilt up or down) and mounts the elevators, which provide pitch control. "Landing gear", a set of wheels, skids, or floats that support the plane while it is on the surface. On seaplanes, the bottom of the fuselage or floats (pontoons) support it while on the water. On some planes the landing gear retracts during flight to reduce drag.## Wings.The wings of a fixed-wing aircraft are static planes extending either side of the aircraft. When the aircraft travels forwards, air flows over the wings, which are shaped to create lift. This shape is called an.

Airplane. airfoil and is shaped like a bird's wing.## Wing structure.Airplanes have flexible wing surfaces which are stretched across a frame and made rigid by the lift forces exerted by the airflow over them. Larger aircraft have rigid wing surfaces which provide additional strength.Whether flexible or rigid, most wings have a strong frame to give them their shape and to transfer lift from the wing surface to the rest of the aircraft. The main structural elements are one or more spars running from root to tip, and many ribs running from the leading (front) to the trailing (rear) edge.Early airplane engines.

Airplane. control, most fixed-wing types have an empennage comprising a fin and rudder which act horizontally and a tailplane and elevator which act vertically. These control surfaces can typically be trimmed to relieve control forces for various stages of flight. This is so common that it is known as the conventional layout. Sometimes there may be two or more fins, spaced out along the tailplane.Some types have a horizontal "canard" foreplane ahead of the main wing, instead of behind it. This foreplane may contribute to the lift, the trim, or control of the aircraft, or to several of these.## Controls and.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this animal?

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Western terrestrial garter snake. The western terrestrial garter snake ("Thamnophis elegans") is a western North American species of colubrid snake. At least five subspecies are currently recognized.## Description.Most western terrestrial garter snakes have a yellow, light orange, or white dorsal stripe, accompanied by two stripes of the same color, one on each side. Some varieties have red or black spots between the dorsal stripe and the side stripes. It is an immensely variable species, and even the most experienced herpetologists have trouble when it comes to identification. They are medium-sized snakes, usually 46 – 104 (cm).Like many species of North American garter snake, the.

Western terrestrial garter snake. longer time required to kill prey. Snakes from Colorado populations of terrestrial garter snakes appear to be more efficient at killing their prey by constriction than those from Pacific Coast populations.## Geographic range."Thamnophis elegans" is found in central British Columbia, central Alberta, and southwestern Manitoba in Canada. It can be found in the western United States, as far east as western Nebraska and the Oklahoma Panhandle. An isolated population occurs in Baja California, Mexico.## Subspecies.Six subspecies have been identified, although the validity of some of them is debated."Thamnophis elegans arizonae" – Arizona garter snake"Thamnophis elegans elegans" – mountain garter snake.

Western terrestrial garter snake. "Thamnophis elegans hueyi" – San Pedro Mártir garter snake"Thamnophis elegans terrestris" – coastal garter snake "Thamnophis elegans vagrans" – wandering garter snake "Thamnophis elegans vascotanneri" – Upper Basin garter snake## Habitat."Thamnophis elegans" occurs in a wide variety of habitats, including grasslands, woodlands, and coniferous forests, from sea level up to 3962 (m). It is primarily terrestrial, although populations in the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains are semi-aquatic.## Reproduction.The western terrestrial garter snake does not lay eggs, but instead is ovoviviparous, which is characteristic of natricine snakes. Broods of eight to 12 young are born in August and September.## Diet.The diet.

Western terrestrial garter snake. of "Thamnophis elegans" relies heavily on the prey available in the environment, and thus varies due to geographical differences. This makes the western terrestrial garter snake an excellent example of polyphagism. There are two main variants that are most prevalent: coastal and inland. Since coastal "T. elegans" is found along the West Coast of the United States, it is found near the coast of the Pacific Ocean. On the other hand, if the snake population is considered to be inland, it is found near inland water sources such as streams, ponds, or lakes.Coastal populations' food sources mainly include terrestrial prey.


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Gefion Fountain. The Gefion Fountain () is a large fountain on the harbour front in Copenhagen, Denmark. It features a large-scale group of oxen pulling a plow and being driven by the Norse goddess Gefjon. It is located in Nordre Toldbod area next to Kastellet and immediately south of Langelinie.## History.The fountain was donated to the city of Copenhagen by the Carlsberg Foundation on the occasion of the brewery's 50-year anniversary. It was originally supposed to be located in the main town square outside city hall, but it was decided instead to build it near the Øresund in its current location near.


Question: What country does this building belong to?

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Port Hercules. Port Hercules () is the only deep-water port in Monaco. The port has been in use since ancient times. The modern port was completed in 1926, and underwent substantial improvements in the 1970s. It covers almost 40 (acre), enough to provide anchorage for up to 700 vessels. The port is located in the La Condamine district. Harbour pilots are required for all vessels longer than 30 metres. The depth of water in the harbour ranges from seven metres for standard berths and up to 40 metres for the outer piers and cruise ship docks.## History.During the 6th-century BC. Phocaeans Greeks.

Port Hercules. from Massalia (modern day Marseille) founded the colony of Mònoikos. The name of the colony derives from the local veneration of the Greek demigod and mythological hero Hercules, also later adopted by the Romans, who was said to have constructed the ancient path that passed through the region from Spain to Italy. The Roman emperor Julian also wrote of Hercules's construction of Monaco's port and a coastal road. The road was dotted with altars to Hercules, and a temple dedicated to him was established on the Rock of Monaco. The name Port Hercules was subsequently used for the ancient port.

Port Hercules. The commentator Servius's use of the passage (in R. Maltby, "Lexicon of Ancient Latin Etymologies," Leeds) asserts, under the entry "portus," that the epithet was derived:No temple to Hercules has been found at Monaco (see also Lucan 1.405.), although the rocky ground and dense conurbation make future excavations unlikely.The port is mentioned in Pliny the Elder's "Natural History" (III.v) and in Tacitus' "Histories" (III.42), when Fabius Valens was forced to put into the port ("Fabius Valens e sinu Pisano segnitia maris aut adversante vento portum Herculis Monoeci depellitur").In 2010 the Finnish manufacturer of marinas and pontoons was hired to deliver.

Port Hercules. three new pontoons to Port Hercule. Monaco's old fixed piers were replaced by Marinetek's floating concrete pontoons. The renovation was completed in 2011.## Events.In 2011, Jean Michel Jarre performed a free concert in front of 85,000 spectators, to celebrate the wedding of Prince Albert II and Charlene Wittstock.The Port Hercule is home to the "Foire de Monaco", an annual fair that runs from October to November.## In popular culture.In 1995, the harbour was used as a location in the James Bond film "GoldenEye". Bond (played for the first time by Pierce Brosnan) tries to stop the villainous Xenia Onatopp (Famke.


Question: What kind of effect does this activity have?

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Transport. has become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air pollution and use large amounts of land. While it is heavily subsidized by governments, good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow and restrain urban sprawl.## Human-powered.Human-powered transport, a form of sustainable transport, is the transport of people and/or goods using human muscle-power, in the form of walking, running, and swimming. Modern technology has allowed machines to enhance human power. Human-powered transport remains popular for reasons of.

Transport. and timings of travel is not available to other modes of transport. It is possible to provide door-to-door service only by road transport.Automobiles provide high flexibility with low capacity, but require high energy and area use, and are the main source of harmful noise and air pollution in cities; buses allow for more efficient travel at the cost of reduced flexibility. Road transport by truck is often the initial and final stage of freight transport.## Water.Water transport is movement by means of a watercraft—such as a barge, boat, ship, or sailboat—over a body of water, such as a sea, ocean,.

Transport. there is too much traffic and many—if not all—of the negative impacts that come with it. It is only in recent years that traditional practices have started to be questioned in many places; as a result of new types of analysis which bring in a much broader range of skills than those traditionally relied on—spanning such areas as environmental impact analysis, public health, sociology, and economics—the viability of the old mobility solutions is increasingly being questioned.## Environment.Transport is a major use of energy and burns most of the world's petroleum. This creates air pollution, including nitrous oxides and particulates, and.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

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Peregrine falcon. The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), also known as the peregrine, and historically as the duck hawk in North America, is a cosmopolitan bird of prey (raptor) in the family Falconidae. A large, crow-sized falcon, it has a blue-grey back, barred white underparts, and a black head. The peregrine is renowned for its speed, reaching up to 200 (mph) during its characteristic hunting stoop (high-speed dive), making it the fastest member of the animal kingdom. According to a "National Geographic" TV program, the highest measured speed of a peregrine falcon is 389 (km/h). As is typical for bird-eating raptors, peregrine falcons.

Peregrine falcon. which in turn now supports many peregrine populations as a prey species. The peregrine is a highly successful example of urban wildlife in much of its range, taking advantage of tall buildings as nest sites and an abundance of prey such as pigeons and ducks. Both the English and scientific names of this species mean "wandering falcon," referring to the migratory habits of many northern populations. Experts recognize 17 to 19 subspecies, which vary in appearance and range; disagreement exists over whether the distinctive Barbary falcon is represented by two subspecies of "Falco peregrinus," or is a separate species, "F.

Peregrine falcon. radiation. That supports the solar glare hypothesis.## Taxonomy and systematics."Falco peregrinus" was first described under its current binomial name by English ornithologist Marmaduke Tunstall in his 1771 work "Ornithologia Britannica". The scientific name "Falco peregrinus" is a Medieval Latin phrase that was used by Albertus Magnus in 1225. The specific name is taken from the fact that juvenile birds were taken while journeying to their breeding location rather than from the nest, as falcon nests were difficult to get at. The Latin term for falcon, , is related to , meaning "sickle", in reference to the silhouette of the falcon's.

Peregrine falcon. mya in the Gelasian).## Subspecies.Numerous subspecies of "Falco peregrinus" have been described, with 19 accepted by the 1994 "Handbook of the Birds of the World", which considers the Barbary falcon of the Canary Islands and coastal North Africa to be two subspecies ("pelegrinoides" and "babylonicus") of "Falco peregrinus", rather than a distinct species, "F. pelegrinoides". The following map shows the general ranges of these 19 subspecies., described by Bonaparte in 1838, is known as the American peregrine falcon or "duck hawk"; its scientific name means "duck peregrine falcon". At one time, it was partly included in "leucogenys". It is mainly.

Peregrine falcon. weigh 800 (to(-)). It has become extinct in eastern North America and populations there are hybrids as a result of reintroductions of birds from elsewhere.Falco peregrinus babylonicus, described by P.L. Sclater in 1861, is found in eastern Iran along the Hindu Kush and the Tian Shan to the Mongolian Altai ranges. A few birds winter in northern and northwestern India, mainly in dry semi-desert habitats. It is paler than "pelegrinoides" and somewhat similar to a small, pale lanner falcon ("Falco biarmicus"). Males weigh 330 to 400 (g), while females weigh 513 to 765 (g)., described by Sharpe in 1873, is.

Peregrine falcon. includes "caeruleiceps". It breeds in the Arctic tundra of Eurasia from Murmansk Oblast to roughly Yana and Indigirka Rivers, Siberia. It is completely migratory and travels south in winter as far as South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. It is often seen around wetland habitats. It is paler than the nominate subspecies, especially on the crown. Males weigh 588 (to(-)), while females weigh 925 (to(-)).Falco peregrinus cassini, described by Sharpe in 1873, is also known as the austral peregrine falcon. It includes "kreyenborgi", the pallid falcon, a leucistic colour morph occurring in southernmost South America, which was long believed to be.

Peregrine falcon. a distinct species. Its range includes South America from Ecuador through Bolivia, northern Argentina and Chile to Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands. It is non-migratory. It is similar to the nominate subspecies, but slightly smaller with a black ear region. The pallid falcon morph "kreyenborgi" is medium grey above, has little barring below and has a head pattern like the saker falcon ("Falco cherrug"), but the ear region is white.Falco peregrinus ernesti, described by Sharpe in 1894, is found from the Sunda Islands to the Philippines and south to eastern New Guinea and the nearby Bismarck Archipelago. Its.

Peregrine falcon. geographical separation from "nesiotes" requires confirmation. It is non-migratory. It differs from the nominate subspecies in the very dark, dense barring on its underside and its black ear coverts.Falco peregrinus furuitii, described by Momiyama in 1927, is found on the Izu and Ogasawara Islands south of Honshū, Japan. It is non-migratory. It is very rare and may only remain on a single island. It is a dark form, resembling "pealei" in colour, but darker, especially on the tail.Falco peregrinus japonensis, described by Gmelin in 1788, includes "kleinschmidti", "pleskei", and "harterti", and seems to refer to intergrades with "calidus". It is.

Peregrine falcon. found from northeast Siberia to Kamchatka (though it is possibly replaced by "pealei" on the coast there) and Japan. Northern populations are migratory, while those of Japan are resident. It is similar to the nominate subspecies, but the young are even darker than those of "anatum".Falco peregrinus macropus, described by Swainson in 1837, is the Australian peregrine falcon. It is found in Australia in all regions except the southwest. It is non-migratory. It is similar to "brookei" in appearance, but is slightly smaller and the ear region is entirely black. The feet are proportionally large.Falco peregrinus madens, described by Ripley.

Peregrine falcon. and Watson in 1963, is unusual in having some sexual dichromatism. If the Barbary falcon (see below) is considered a distinct species, it is sometimes placed therein. It is found in the Cape Verde Islands and is non-migratory; it is also endangered, with only six to eight pairs surviving. Males have a rufous wash on the crown, nape, ears and back; the underside is conspicuously washed pinkish-brown. Females are tinged rich brown overall, especially on the crown and nape.Falco peregrinus minor, first described by Bonaparte in 1850. It was formerly often known as "perconfusus". It is sparsely and patchily distributed.

Peregrine falcon. and the Aleutian Islands to the far eastern Bering Sea coast of Russia, and may also occur on the Kuril Islands and the coasts of Kamchatka. It is non-migratory. It is the largest subspecies and it looks like an oversized and darker "tundrius" or like a strongly barred and large "anatum". The bill is very wide. Juveniles occasionally have pale crowns. Males weigh 700 (to(-)), while females weigh 1000 (to(-)).Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides, first described by Temminck in 1829, is found in the Canary Islands through North Africa and the Near East to Mesopotamia. It is most similar to "brookei", but.

Peregrine falcon. is markedly paler above, with a rusty neck, and is a light buff with reduced barring below. It is smaller than the nominate subspecies; females weigh around 610 (g).Falco peregrinus peregrinator, described by Sundevall in 1837, is known as the Indian peregrine falcon, black shaheen, Indian shaheen or shaheen falcon. It was formerly sometimes known as "Falco atriceps" or "Falco shaheen". Its range includes South Asia from across the Indian subcontinent to Sri Lanka and southeastern China. In India, the shaheen falcon is reported from all states except Uttar Pradesh, mainly from rocky and hilly regions. The shaheen falcon is.

Peregrine falcon. higher hills, while the migrant "calidus" is more often seen along the coast., the nominate (first-named) subspecies, described by Tunstall in 1771, breeds over much of temperate Eurasia between the tundra in the north and the Pyrenees, Mediterranean region and Alpide belt in the south. It is mainly non-migratory in Europe, but migratory in Scandinavia and Asia. Males weigh 580 (to(-)), while females weigh 925 (to(-)). It includes "brevirostris", "germanicus", "rhenanus" and "riphaeus".Falco peregrinus radama, described by Hartlaub in 1861, is found in Madagascar and the Comoros. It is non-migratory.Falco peregrinus submelanogenys, described by Mathews in 1912, is the Southwest.

Peregrine falcon. down and have disproportionately large feet. The male (called the "") and the female (simply called the "falcon") both leave the nest to gather prey to feed the young. The hunting territory of the parents can extend a radius of 19 to 24 (km) from the nest site. Chicks fledge 42 to 46 days after hatching, and remain dependent on their parents for up to two months.## Predators and parasites.The peregrine falcon is host to a range of parasites and pathogens. It is a vector for Avipoxvirus, Newcastle disease virus, Falconid herpesvirus 1 (and possibly other Herpesviridae), and some mycoses.

Peregrine falcon. peregrine falcons throughout the contiguous United States. Several peregrine subspecies were included in the breeding stock, including birds of Eurasian origin. Due to the extirpation of the eastern population of "Falco peregrinus anatum", the near-extirpation of "anatum" in the Midwest and the limited gene pool within North American breeding stock, the inclusion of non-native subspecies was justified to optimize the genetic diversity found within the species as a whole.During the 1970s, peregrine falcons in Finland experienced a population bottleneck as a result of large declines associated with bio-accumulation of organochloride pesticides. However, the genetic diversity of peregrines in Finland is.

Peregrine falcon. an injured peregrine falcon and the endangered species program. It was filmed with the assistance of the University of California's peregrine falcon project in Santa Cruz.Streamed footage from several webcams at the University of California, Berkeley, that followed a breeding pair on a university bell tower achieved notoriety in the early2020s. Webcams such as these which livestream the daily lives of urban peregrines are immensely popular, and are essential for the outreach programmes of raptor conservationists around the world. List of birds by flight speed Perilanner, a hybrid of the peregrine falcon and the lanner falcon ("Falco biarmicus") Perlin, a.

Peregrine falcon. hybrid of the peregrine falcon and the merlin ("Falco columbarius") Conservation organizations Arctic Raptors – Ongoing research with raptors in the Canadian Arctic Falcon Research Group Peregrine Falcon Fund The Canadian Peregrine Foundation Peregrine Falcon Recovery Project (Manitoba) London Peregrine Partnership (UK) Video and other media of peregrines Live webcams at a Peregrine nest site in Landshut (Scroll down and press play button.) A video of the falcon stooping at a top speed of 389 (km/h). Derby Cathedral Peregrine Project, UK. Links to webcams and video sequences Norwich Cathedral Peregrine Web Cam 2015, UK. The Raptor Resource Project. Links to.

Peregrine falcon. Peregrine Falcon webcams Peregrines on Brussels Cathedral Photo documentation of Peregrines returning to south California beach cliffs after over 50 years absence Nottingham Trent University, where peregrines return to breed on the top of the Newton building every year. Includes images and webcam. University of Massachusetts Amherst Live Falcon Cam at the top of the W.E.B. DuBois library, active each year from when the bonded pair of peregrine falcons brood eggs until the chicks are fledged. Worcester Peregrine Falcon Project, UK. Includes feeds from 'Peregrines in Worcester' Facebook Fan page, YouTube & Flickr photo groups Peregrine Falcon Banding, Metropolitan Transportation.

Peregrine falcon. Authority Bridges and Tunnels; 3 June 2010; 3-minute YouTube video clip Throgs Neck Bridge Peregrine Banding 2011, Metropolitan Transportation Authority Bridges and Tunnels; 27 May 2011; 10:54 YouTube video clip Peregrine Falcon Banding 2012, Metropolitan Transportation Authority Bridges and Tunnels; 4 June 2012; 2:40 YouTube video clip Peregrine Falcon Banding 2016, Metropolitan Transportation Authority Bridges and Tunnels; 2 June 2016; 4:15 YouTube video clip.


Question: Which structure replaced this bridge?

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Franz Joseph Bridge. Franz Joseph Bridge (), later renamed Štefanik Bridge (), was a suspension bridge over the Vltava in Prague, opened in 1868.The bridge was designed by the English engineer Rowland Mason Ordish. The design, which used the Ordish–Lefeuvre system, was originally created for the Albert Bridge over the River Thames in London. However, after construction of the Albert Bridge was delayed, Ordish decided to build a bridge in Prague first. The foundation stone was laid on 19 October 1865, and engineer František Schön was charged with supervising the construction work. Emperor Franz Joseph, after whom the bridge was named, attended the.


Question: How many day is the egg incubation period of this bird?

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Golden pheasant. it. This muscle is commonly attributed to the stabilization of flight in other birds; however, the absence of this deep layer causes this mode of "flapping flight" is simply a mechanism that it shares with other ground birds in order to escape predators. However, they would rather prefer to simply run away and hide from their predators rather than to fly. If startled, they can suddenly burst upwards at great speed and with a distinctive wing sound.Golden pheasants lay 8 to 12 eggs at a time and will then incubate these for around 22–23 days. They tend to eat berries,.


Question: Who is the founder of the aircraft in the image?

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Beechcraft. Kansas, in 1932 by Walter Beech as president, his wife Olive Ann Beech as secretary, Ted A. Wells as vice president of engineering, K. K. Shaul as treasurer, and investor C. G. Yankey as vice president. The company began operations in an idle Cessna factory. With designer Ted Wells, they developed the first aircraft under the Beechcraft name, the classic Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing, which first flew in November 1932. Over 750 Staggerwings were built, with 352 manufactured for the United States Army Air Forces and 67 for the United States Navy during World War II.Beechcraft was not Beech's first.

Beechcraft. known Beech aircraft, the single-engined Bonanza has been manufactured in various models since 1947. The Bonanza has had the longest production run of any airplane, past or present, in the world. Other important Beech aircraft are the King Air and Super King Air line of twin-engined turboprops, in production since 1964, the Baron, a twin-engined variant of the Bonanza, and the Beechcraft Model 18, originally a business transport and commuter airliner from the late 1930s through the 1960s, which remains in active service as a cargo transport.In 1950, Olive Ann Beech was installed as president and CEO of the company,.


Question: In which year was this object invented or discovered?

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Variometer. of little interest during launching and landing, with the exception of aerotow, where the pilot will usually want to avoid releasing in sink.## History.In 1930, according to Ann Welch, "Kronfeld...was one of the first to use a variometer, a device suggested by Alexander Lippisch." Welch goes on to state that the "first real thermal soaring" occurred in 1930 by A. Haller and Wolf Hirth, with Hirth using a variometer in his Musterle. Frank Irving states that Arthur Kantrowitz first mentioned total energy in 1940. However, as early as 1901, Wilbur Wright wrote about thermals, "when gliding operators have attained greater.

Variometer. without the use of a variometer. After the variometer was invented in 1929 by Alexander Lippisch and Robert Kronfeld, the sport of gliding moved into a new realm.Variometers also became important in foot-launch hang gliding, where the open-to-air pilot hears the wind but needs the variometer to help him or her to detect regions of rising or sinking air. In early hang gliding, variometers were not needed for the short flights or flights close to ridge lift. But the variometer became key as pilots began making longer flights. The first portable variometer for use in hang gliders was the Colver.


Question: Who designed this building?

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BMW Welt. at the Welt was Jonathan Spira.There were 2,200,000 visitors during the first 12 months of operation. The number of visitors increased to 2,930,000 in 2013, of which 60% came from Germany.Designed with an 800 kW solar plant on its roof, "the building does not have the boredom of an exhibition hall, it is not only a temple but also a market place and communication center, and a meeting point for knowledge transfer", said architect Wolf D. Prix at the opening ceremony.COOP HIMMELB(L)AU's BMW Welt project records are archived at the Canadian Centre for Architecture in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. World Architecture.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

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Ilex glabra. Ilex glabra, also known as Appalachian tea, dye-leaves, evergreen winterberry, gallberry, and inkberry, is a species of evergreen holly native to the coastal plain of eastern North America, from coastal Nova Scotia to Florida and west to Louisiana where it is most commonly found in sandy woods and peripheries of swamps and bogs. "Ilex glabra" is often found in landscapes of the middle and lower East Coast of the United States. It typically matures to 5 – 8 (ft) tall, and can spread by root suckers to form colonies. It normally is cultivated as an evergreen shrub in USDA zones.

Ilex glabra. 6 to 10.Gallberry nectar is the source of a pleasant honey that is popular in the southern United States.## Description.Spineless, flat, ovate to elliptic, glossy, dark green leaves (to 1.5 in long) have smooth margins with several marginal teeth near the apex. Leaves usually remain attractive bright green in winter unless temperatures fall below -17 C/0 F. Greenish white flowers (male in cymes and female in cymes or single) appear in spring, but are relatively inconspicuous. If pollinated, female flowers give way to pea-sized, jet black, berry-like drupes (inkberries to 3/8" diameter) which mature in early fall and persist throughout.

Ilex glabra. winter to early spring unless consumed by local bird populations. Cultivars of species plants (see for example Ilex glabra 'Shamrock') typically have better form (more compact, less open, less leggy and less suckering) that the species.## Uses.## Honey.Gallberry honey is a highly rated honey that results from bees feeding on inkberry flowers. This honey is locally produced in certain parts of the Southeastern U. S. in areas where beekeepers release bees from late April to early June to coincide with inkberry flowering time.## Beverage.Dried and roasted inkberry leaves were first used by Native Americans to brew a black tea-like drink,.

Ilex glabra. hence the sometimes used common name of Appalachian tea for this shrub.Carolina Nature: Inkberry ("Ilex glabra")UConn Plant Database: "Ilex glabra"NS Wildflora: "Ilex glabra"Coastal Plain Plants: "Ilex glabra.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

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Common goldeneye. The common goldeneye or simply goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) is a medium-sized sea duck of the genus "Bucephala", the goldeneyes. Its closest relative is the similar Barrow's goldeneye. The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek "boukephalos" ("bullheaded", from "bous", "bull " and "kephale", "head"), a reference to the bulbous head shape of the bufflehead. The species name is derived from the Latin "clangere" ("to resound").Common goldeneyes are aggressive and territorial ducks, and have elaborate courtship displays.## Description.Adult males ranges from 45 - 51 (cm) and weigh approximately 1000 (g), while females range from 40 - 50 (cm) and weigh.

Common goldeneye. approximately 800 (g). The common goldeneye has a wingspan of 30.3-32.7 in (77-83 cm). The species is named for its golden-yellow eye. Adult males have a dark head with a greenish gloss and a circular white patch below the eye, a dark back and a white neck and belly. Adult females have a brown head and a mostly grey body. Their legs and feet are orange-yellow.Two subspecies are generally recognized, the nominate Eurasian subspecies "Bucephala clangula clangula" and the North American "B. c. americana". "americana" has a longer and thicker bill than "clangula". ## Habitat and breeding.Their breeding habitat is.

Common goldeneye. 42.6 - 44.0 (mm), a length of 58.1 - 60.6 (mm) and a weight of 61.2 - 66.6 (g). The incubation period ranges from 28 to 32 days. The female does all the incubating and is abandoned by the male about 1 to 2 weeks into incubation. The young remain in the nest for about 24–36 hours. Brood parasitism is quite common with other common goldeneyes, and occurs less frequently with other duck species. The broods commonly start to mix with other females' broods as they become more independent or are abandoned by their mothers. Goldeneye young have been known.

Common goldeneye. However, the common goldeneye in North America is known to derive short-term benefits from lake acidification. Common Goldeneye Species Account – Cornell Lab of Ornithology Common Goldeneye - "Bucephala clangula" - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter eNature.com: Common Goldeneye Common Goldeneye wildlife photos and voice at nature-photos.org Feathers of Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) at ornithos.de.


Question: In which year did this building officially open?

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30 St Mary Axe. 30 St Mary Axe (previously known as the Swiss Re Building and informally known as the Gherkin) is a commercial skyscraper in London's primary financial district, the City of London. It was completed in December 2003 and opened in April 2004. With 41 floors, it is 180 (m) tall and stands on the sites of the former Baltic Exchange and Chamber of Shipping, which were extensively damaged in 1992 in the Baltic Exchange bombing by a device placed by the Provisional IRA in St Mary Axe, a narrow street leading north from Leadenhall Street.After plans to build the 92-storey Millennium.

30 St Mary Axe. Tower were dropped, 30 St Mary Axe was designed by Norman Foster and the Arup Group. It was erected by Skanska; construction started in 2001.The building has become a recognisable landmark of London, and it is one of the city's most widely recognised examples of contemporary architecture. It won the 2003 Emporis Skyscraper Award.## Site and early plans.The building stands on the site of the former Baltic Exchange (24–28 St Mary Axe), which was the headquarters of a global marketplace for shipping freight contracts and soft commodities, and the Chamber of Shipping (30–32 St Mary Axe). The tower's topmost panoramic.

30 St Mary Axe. Barclays' former city headquarters in Lombard Street, the idea was that the passer-by in neighbouring streets would be nearly oblivious to the tower's existence until directly underneath it.## Design and construction.The building was constructed by Skanska, completed in December 2003 and opened on 28 April 2004. The primary occupant of the building is Swiss Re, a global reinsurance company, which had the building commissioned as the head office for its UK operation. The tower is thus sometimes known as the Swiss Re Building, although this name has never been official and was never in popular usage anyway, unlike the Gherkin.

30 St Mary Axe. a disabled persons' lift, which leads the visitor up to the bar in the dome.The building is visible over long distances: From the north, for instance, it can be seen from the M11 motorway, some 32 (km) away, while to the west it can be seen from the statue of George III in Windsor Great Park.## After completion.In April 2005, a glass panel two thirds up the tower fell to the plaza beneath. The plaza was sealed off, but the building remained open. A temporary covered walkway, extending across the plaza to the building's reception, was erected to protect visitors.

30 St Mary Axe. Engineers examined the other 744 glass panels on the building. The cost of repair was covered by main contractor Skanska and curtain-wall supplier Schmidlin (now called Schmidlin-TSK AG). The open-floor ventilation system did not operate as designed due to tenants adding glass partitions to increase security.Since its completion, the building has won a number of awards for architecture. In October 2004, the architect was awarded the 2004 Stirling Prize. For the first time in the prize's history, the judges were unanimous. In December 2005, a survey of the world's largest firms of architects published in "2006 BD World Architecture 200.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Parthenium integrifolium. Parthenium integrifolium is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names wild quinine, American feverfew, and eastern feverfew. It is native to the eastern and midwestern United States.## Description.This plant is a perennial herb growing about three to five feet high. The glandular leaves are oval to lance-shaped and variable in size. They have serrated, toothed, or lobed edges.Some authorities recognize two varieties based on leaf shape:var. "integrifolium"and var. "mabryanum".The inflorescence is an array of several flower heads containing 15 or more whitish disc florets and 5 to 6 ray florets.The "flowers have a.

Parthenium integrifolium. pleasant but mild medicinal fragrance."## Ecology.This plant grows in disturbed areas as well as prairies, meadows, woodland edges, and hillsides. It does best in full sun, but does well enough in part shade. It grows in most any well-drained soil from sandy loam to good quality clay. It tolerates hot and cold climates and can be used as a garden plant in many areas. It has a long blooming period of June into September; one of the longer blooming perennials. The winter inflorescences are attractive and make a good dried flower arrangement for indoors. It is sold by a good.

Parthenium integrifolium. number of native plant nurseries.The leaves of the plant contain tannins and the plant was used for medicinal and veterinary purposes by Native Americans. The Catawba people used it as a poultice to treat burns. The ashes were applied to horses with "sore backs". The roots were made into a tea to treat dysentery.USDA Plants Profile.


Question: Which location has this plant invaded?

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Lysichiton americanus. in 1901 and has escaped to become naturalized in marshy areas in Britain and Ireland, for example in Hampshire and Surrey, including Wisley Gardens, and in the north and west of the UK. In 2016, it was classified by the European Union as an invasive species. This implies that this species cannot be imported, cultivated, transported, commercialized, planted, or intentionally released into the environment in the whole of the European Union"."## Cultivation.It was used as an ornamental garden plant in Britain and Ireland, where it grows well in marshy conditions. As of 2018, the Royal Horticultural Society recommends that it.


Question: Who is the creator of this object?

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Reflecting telescope. A reflecting telescope (also called a reflector) is a telescope that uses a single or a combination of curved mirrors that reflect light and form an image. The reflecting telescope was invented in the 17th century by Isaac Newton as an alternative to the refracting telescope which, at that time, was a design that suffered from severe chromatic aberration. Although reflecting telescopes produce other types of optical aberrations, it is a design that allows for very large diameter objectives. Almost all of the major telescopes used in astronomy research are reflectors. Reflecting telescopes come in many design variations and may.

Reflecting telescope. employ extra optical elements to improve image quality or place the image in a mechanically advantageous position. Since reflecting telescopes use mirrors, the design is sometimes referred to as a catoptric telescope.From the time of Newton to the 1800s, the mirror itself was made of metal usually speculum metal. This type included Newton's first designs and even the largest telescopes of the 19th century, the Leviathan of Parsonstown with a 1.8 meter wide metal mirror. In the 19th century a new method using a block of glass coated with very thin layer of silver began to become more popular by.

Reflecting telescope. his telescope and five years before Hooke built the first such Gregorian telescope, Isaac Newton in 1668 built his own reflecting telescope, which is generally acknowledged as the first reflecting telescope. It used a spherically ground metal primary mirror and a small diagonal mirror in an optical configuration that has come to be known as the Newtonian telescope.Despite the theoretical advantages of the reflector design, the difficulty of construction and the poor performance of the speculum metal mirrors being used at the time meant it took over 100 years for them to become popular. Many of the advances in reflecting.

Reflecting telescope. useful for terrestrial observations. Some small spotting scopes are still built this way. There are several large modern telescopes that use a Gregorian configuration such as the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope, the Magellan telescopes, the Large Binocular Telescope, and the Giant Magellan Telescope.## Newtonian.The Newtonian telescope was the first successful reflecting telescope, completed by Isaac Newton in 1668. It usually has a paraboloid primary mirror but at focal ratios of about f/10 or longer a spherical primary mirror can be sufficient for high visual resolution. A flat secondary mirror reflects the light to a focal plane at the side of.

Reflecting telescope. seldom faster than f/15.## Off-axis designs.There are several designs that try to avoid obstructing the incoming light by eliminating the secondary or moving any secondary element off the primary mirror's optical axis, commonly called off-axis optical systems.## Herschelian.The Herschelian reflector is named after William Herschel, who used this design to build very large telescopes including the 40-foot telescope in 1789. In the Herschelian reflector the primary mirror is tilted so the observer's head does not block the incoming light. Although this introduces geometrical aberrations, Herschel employed this design to avoid the use of a Newtonian secondary mirror since the speculum.


Question: Who found this aircraft?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Beechcraft. Kansas, in 1932 by Walter Beech as president, his wife Olive Ann Beech as secretary, Ted A. Wells as vice president of engineering, K. K. Shaul as treasurer, and investor C. G. Yankey as vice president. The company began operations in an idle Cessna factory. With designer Ted Wells, they developed the first aircraft under the Beechcraft name, the classic Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing, which first flew in November 1932. Over 750 Staggerwings were built, with 352 manufactured for the United States Army Air Forces and 67 for the United States Navy during World War II.Beechcraft was not Beech's first.

Beechcraft. after the sudden death of her husband from a heart attack on November 29 of that year. She continued as CEO until Beech was purchased by Raytheon Company on February 8, 1980. Ted Wells had been replaced as chief engineer by Herbert Rawdon, who remained at the post until his retirement in the early 1960s.Throughout much of the mid-to-late 20th century, Beechcraft was considered one of the "Big Three" in the field of general aviation manufacturing, along with Cessna and Piper Aircraft.In 1994, Raytheon merged Beechcraft with the Hawker product line it had acquired in 1993 from British Aerospace, forming.


Question: What is the location of this building?

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Brabo Fountain. The Brabo Fountain () is located in the Grote Markt (Main Square) of Antwerp, in front of the Town Hall of the city. The ceremonial inauguration of the sculpture took place in 1887. Jef Lambeaux realized the set of the bronze fountain.The reason is the legend of the name of the city, in which it is said that the giant Druon Antigoon cut off a hand to all the ship captains who moored in the area and refused to pay toll, then throwing it to the Scheldt. The captain of the Roman army Brabo cut off the giant's hand imitating.


Question: What is the weight of a male of this animal in kilogram?

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Sea otter. The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean. Adult sea otters typically weigh between 14 and 45 (kg), making them the heaviest members of the weasel family, but among the smallest marine mammals. Unlike most marine mammals, the sea otter's primary form of insulation is an exceptionally thick coat of fur, the densest in the animal kingdom. Although it can walk on land, the sea otter is capable of living exclusively in the ocean.The sea otter inhabits nearshore environments, where it dives to the sea floor to.

Sea otter. Description.The sea otter is one of the smallest marine mammal species, but it is the heaviest mustelid. Male sea otters usually weigh 22 to 45 (kg) and are 1.2 to 1.5 (m) in length, though specimens up to 54 (kg) have been recorded. Females are smaller, weighing 14 to 33 (kg) and measuring 1.0 to 1.4 (m) in length. For its size, the male otter's baculum is very large, massive and bent upwards, measuring 150 (mm) in length and 15 (mm) at the base.Unlike most other marine mammals, the sea otter has no blubber and relies on its exceptionally thick.

Sea otter. the urchin's shell.The sea otter's use of rocks when hunting and feeding makes it one of the few mammal species to use tools. To open hard shells, it may pound its prey with both paws against a rock on its chest. To pry an abalone off its rock, it hammers the abalone shell using a large stone, with observed rates of 45 blows in 15 seconds. Releasing an abalone, which can cling to rock with a force equal to 4,000 times its own body weight, requires multiple dives.## Social structure.Although each adult and independent juvenile forages alone, sea otters tend.

Sea otter. 1745, they began to move on to the Aleutian Islands. The Russians initially traded with the Aleuts inhabitants of these islands for otter pelts, but later enslaved the Aleuts, taking women and children hostage and torturing and killing Aleut men to force them to hunt. Many Aleuts were either murdered by the Russians or died from diseases the hunters had introduced. The Aleut population was reduced, by the Russians' own estimate, from 20,000 to 2,000. By the 1760s, the Russians had reached Alaska. In 1799, Tsar Paul I consolidated the rival fur-hunting companies into the Russian-American Company, granting it an.