Question: What product does this aircraft produce?

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Dornier Flugzeugwerke. immense size and weight. Dornier's successful landplane airliners, including the Komet ("Comet") and Merkur ("Mercury"), were used by Lufthansa and other European carriers during the 1920s and early 30s. Dornier built its aircraft outside Germany during much of this period due to the restrictions placed on German aircraft manufacturers by the Treaty of Versailles: locations included Altenrhein, Switzerland, 12 km from Zeppelin's Lindau (Bodensee) location. Foreign factories licence-building Dornier products included CMASA and Piaggio in Italy, CASA in Spain, Kawasaki in Japan, and Aviolanda in the Netherlands. Once the Nazi government came to power and abandoned the treaty's restrictions, Dornier.

Dornier Flugzeugwerke. resumed production in Germany.The success of the Wal family encouraged the development of derivatives, and of more advanced successors, such as the Do 18, and Do 24 which saw service in several armed forces, including German, into World War II.Dornier's most important World War II military aircraft design was the Do 17, nicknamed "The Flying Pencil". It first flew in 1934 as a mailplane for Lufthansa but due to its narrow fuselage (hence its nickname) it was not commercially viable and was passed over. Dornier then developed it further as a military aircraft, with a prototype bomber flying in 1935,.

Dornier Flugzeugwerke. which was too late to see service.After WWII, aircraft production was again forbidden in Germany, and Dornier relocated to Spain and then to Switzerland where the firm provided aeronautical consultancy services until returning to Germany in 1954. Post-war, Dornier re-established itself with successful STOL Do 27 and Do 28 utility planes. In 1974 it joined a joint venture with French aircraft manufacturers Dassault-Breguet to develop the Alpha Jet.In 1983, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) acquired a production licence for the Dornier 228 and manufactured the aircraft for the Asian market. By 2013 a total of 117 Dornier 228 aircraft had been.

Dornier Flugzeugwerke. groups continued to show interest in its 728 version in August 2004, but production was not restarted. Dornier 228 production was taken over by Swiss manufacturer RUAG, who then sold it off to General Atomics in 2020. Other subsidiaries became part of the EADS.The medtech division was sold to an investment company and now bears the name Dornier MedTech. Dornier Medtech manufactures medical equipment, such as the "Dornier S lithotriptor", HM3, Compact Delta to treat kidney stones. Dornier MedTech also manufactures laser devices for a wide range of applications.## Dornier Seaplane Company.The Dornier family have a spin-off company and project,.

Dornier Flugzeugwerke. the Dornier Seastar. It is a turboprop-powered amphibious aircraft built largely of composite materials. This was developed by , and later by his son Cornado by Dornier Seawings.## Dornier Technologie.Claude's grandson, , founded Dornier Technologie in 1996 to manufacture the Dornier S-Ray 007. Dornier Gs Precursor to Wal destroyed by Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control (1919) Dornier Do A Libelle (I 1921, III redesignated Do 12) Dornier Spatz Landplane version of Do A (1922) Dornier Do B Merkur Development of Do C (1926) Dornier Do C Komet (I 1921, II 1922, III 1926) Dornier Do C 2, 3, 4 Fighter.

Dornier Flugzeugwerke. O Wal Custom built version of Do J (1924) Dornier Do P (1930) Dornier Do R.2 and R.4 Superwal (1924) Dornier Do S (1930) Dornier Do T (Komet/Merkur converted to Air Ambulance) Dornier Do U (Cancelled civil variant of Do Y) Dornier Do X (1929) Dornier Do Y (1930, redesignated Do 15)## Dornier aircraft projects.## Letter designations (before 1933).Additional unbuilt projects include 3 different Schneider Trophy racers from 1924, 1928 and 1931 and a large multi-engine seaplane similar to the Do X with engines buried in the wings. Dornier Do 10 Dornier Do 11 Dornier Do 12 Dornier Do 13.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Paper mulberry. The paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera, syn. "Morus papyrifera" L.) is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae. It is native to Asia, where its range includes Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, Myanmar, and India. It is widely cultivated elsewhere and it grows as an introduced species in parts of Europe, the United States, and Africa. Other common names include tapa cloth tree.## Origin.Paper mulberry was used among ancient Austronesians in making barkcloth. It originates from subtropical regions in mainland Asia and is one of the best examples for the mainstream "Out of Taiwan" hypothesis of the Austronesian.


Question: Who designed this building?

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Shell Centre. Road enclosed to enlarge the foyers. Textured paving in contrasting colours was installed to assist partially sighted pedestrians navigate the complex steps and ramps of the site, but also served to deter rough sleepers and skateboarders.## Construction.The Shell Centre was constructed by Sir Robert McAlpine between 1957 and 1962, to a design by Sir Howard Robertson, and the tower stands at 107 (m) with 27 storeys (26 numbered and a mezzanine level) and extends three storeys below ground. The tower was the first London office tower to exceed the height of the Victoria Tower of the Palace of Westminster.It replaced.


Question: Who is the manufacturer of this equipment?

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Cue stick. of the shaft. While there are many custom cuemakers, a very large number of quality pool cues are manufactured in bulk. In recent years, modern materials such as fiberglass, carbon fiber, aluminum, etc., have been used more and more for shafts and butts. A trend toward experimentation has also developed with rubber, memory foam and other soft .## Carom.Carom billiards cues tend to be shorter and lighter than pool cues, with a shorter ferrule, a thicker and joint, a wooden joint pin (ideally) and collarless wood-to-wood joint, a conical taper, and a smaller tip diameter. Typical dimensions are 54 -.

Cue stick. weight be 16 oz. or 22 oz., the weight change is mainly in the butt (usually in the core, under the wrap). Butts have varying constructions, from three-piece to one-piece, as well as other custom versions that people have developed. These translate into different "feels" because of the distribution of weight as well as the balance point of the cue. Traditionally, players want the balance point of a cue near the top end of the wrap or around 7 inches from where they grip the butt. Some brands and most custom cuemakers offer weights, usually metal discs of 1 to.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this insect?

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Great spreadwing. The great spreadwing (Archilestes grandis) is a damselfly in the family Lestidae. When great spreadwings are startled they often return to the same perch or a perch nearby.## Characteristics.The great spreadwing is one of the largest North American spreadwings, with a length of 2-2.4 inches and a wingspan of 3 inches. The thorax of the male is dull greenish bronze above it is a broad diagonal yellow stripe on sides. It is also the only species with a broad yellow racing stripe on the sides of thorax. The abdomen is dark with a blue-gray tip. Its eyes and face are.

Great spreadwing. and later "Archilestes grandis" has recently expanded its range in North America to the east and north.## Habitat.The great spreadwing prefers slow small streams, often with alder or willows, wetlands, ponds and temporary pools. It breeds readily in heavily vegetated water gardens with unpolluted water, as well as in natural water. Females will oviposit in vegetation such as water iris while clasped by males. The male great spreadwings hanging from vegetation either over or near water, usually fairly low, like under 2 feet. On an occasion the nymphs can be spotted in winter, basking in sunwarmed shallow water alongside tadpoles.

Great spreadwing. They are recognizable by their Y tails which are actually their gills.## Flight season.This species is most active from April–December. The timing varies with temperature.## Life cycle.When great spreadwings are mating and after collection of sperm, the female cuts a slit in emergent vegetation and oviposits in it. Then nymphs develop underwater until they climb out, ready to emerge as adults. Like other Odonates, emergence usually occurs under the cover of darkness.1.Great Spreadwing - Archilestes grandis - BugGuide.Net2.Wisconsin Odonata Survey - Archilestes grandis3.Great Spreadwing - Archilestes grandis.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

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Mentha pulegium. Mentha pulegium, commonly (European) pennyroyal, or pennyrile, also called mosquito plant and pudding grass, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. Crushed pennyroyal leaves emit a very strong fragrance similar to spearmint. Pennyroyal is a traditional folk remedy, emmenagogue, abortifacient, and culinary herb, but is toxic to the liver and has caused some deaths. European pennyroyal is related to an American species, Hedeoma pulegioides. Though they differ in genera, they share similar chemical properties.## Description.An annual to perennial plant with creeping or erect branched stems to about.

Mentha pulegium. 40 cm in height. The stems are square in cross-section and can vary from hairless on some plants to densely hairy on others, with a green to sometimes red or purplish colour. The leaves, which grow in opposite pairs, are narrowly oval, 2–3 cm long x 1 cm wide, downy, sparsely toothed towards the tip, and taper into a short stalk. All parts of the plant are strongly scented when crushed but it does not have noticeable glands on its surface. The small (6 mm) flowers are densely packed in whorls at the nodes, widely separated, above pairs of leaf-like.

Mentha pulegium. bracts. The calyx is a ribbed tube about 3 mm long, with 5 triangular teeth, the lower 2 being narrower and slightly longer than the upper 3; it is hairy both on the inside and the outside. The corolla has 4 mauve lobes or "petals" and is hairy only on the outside. The flowers are bisexual and have 4 long stamens, 2 (or all 4) of which project well beyond the corolla lobes. There is one long style which is forked to produce 2 stigmas, which also project from the flower. The fruits consist of a cluster of four brown,.

Mentha pulegium. 1-seeded nutlets, each about 0.7 mm long.The flowering period starts in June and continues into mid-summer, although in northern countries it flowers rather later, sometimes as late as September, when it can fail to set seed.Its chromosome number is 2n = 20.## Distribution.The native range of pennyroyal is thought to be around the eastern Mediterranean, where it grows in damp meadows, around pools and in stream margins. It is, however, very widely established around the world, including North and South America, throughout Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. In many places it is considered a troublesome weed of agriculture. Towards.

Mentha pulegium. the northern edge of its range, as in Britain, it is considered to be rare and declining, except where introduced.## Habitat and Ecology.The habitat of pennyroyal is seasonally damp pasture, where standing water over the winter leaves bare ground in the summer, and where livestock preferentially graze other plants. An analogue of this habitat is found on roadsides, where trampling or disturbance of the ground produces similarly bare soil, particularly where there is waterlogging in winter. It is also found along watercourses, in wet woodland and in abandoned fields.In California, where it is considered an invasive species, it occupies a.

Mentha pulegium. similar niche, in seeps, streamsides, vernal pools and swales, marshes, and ditches. There is some speculation that it may displace native species in these areas.Few animals eat pennyroyal. In Britain, the only insect known to feed on it is the bug Heterogaster artemisiae Schilling, which is a seed bug that normally feeds on wild thyme.It is considered an axiophyte in many British counties, because low-intensity pasture is a rare habitat, although it has been spreading in recent decades. Its Ellenberg values in Britain are L = 8, F = 7, R = 5, N = 7, and S = 0.##.

Mentha pulegium. History.## Ancient to modern use.Documented use of pennyroyal dates back to ancient Greek, Roman, and Medieval cultures. Its name – although of uncertain etymology – is associated with Latin "pulex" (flea), alluding to the manner it was used to drive away fleas when smeared on the body. Pennyroyal was commonly incorporated as a cooking herb by the Greeks and Romans. A large number of the recipes in the Roman cookbook of Apicius called for the use of pennyroyal, often along with such herbs as lovage, oregano and coriander. Although it was commonly used for cooking also in the Middle Ages,.

Mentha pulegium. it gradually fell out of use as a culinary herb and is seldom used as such today.Records from Greek and Roman physicians and scholars contain information pertaining to pennyroyal's medicinal properties, as well as recipes used to prepared it. Pliny the Elder, in his encyclopedia "Naturalis Historia" ("Natural History"), described the plant as an emmenagogue, and that it also expelled a dead fetus. Galen only listed pennyroyal as an emmenagogue, as did Oribasius. Roman and Greek writers Quintus Serenus Sammonicus and Aspasia the Physician however both agreed that pennyroyal, when served in tepid water, was an effective abortive method. A.

Mentha pulegium. medical text on gynecology attributed to Cleopatra (though it was actually written by a female Greek physician Metrodora) recommends the use of pennyroyal with wine to induce abortions.In regard to its contraceptive properties, it was referred to in a joking manner in Aristophanes' play "Peace" (421 BCE). The god Hermes provides the male character Trygaios a female companion; when Trygaios asks if there would be a problem if she became pregnant, Hermes responds, "Not if you add a dose of pennyroyal." In a similar manner, in Aristophanes' comedy "Lysistrata", after a pregnant female character on stage is told to withhold.

Mentha pulegium. her body sexually from her husband, a slender female character, in comparison to the pregnant woman, is described as "a very lovely land Well croppy, and trimmed and spruced with pennyroyal."Early settlers in colonial Virginia used dried pennyroyal to eradicate pests. Pennyroyal was such a popular herb that the Royal Society published an article on its use against rattlesnakes in the first volume of its Philosophical Transactions in 1665. 17th century apothecary and physician Nicholas Culpeper mentioned pennyroyal in his medical text "The English Physitian", published in 1652. In addition to its abortive properties, Culpeper recommends its use for gastrointestinal.

Mentha pulegium. ailments, such as constipation and hemorrhoids, as well as itching and blemishes to the skin, and even toothaches.Pennyroyal is an essential ingredient in the North african dish, which is still eaten to the this day, called .Pennyroyal continued to be used up through the 20th and 21st centuries. Its oil is still commercially available today, though little is known about the appropriate dosages for humans. Scientists therefore likely consider it unsafe for use, as it is potentially toxic.## Uses.Pennyroyal is frequently used as an insecticide and pest repellent. As a pest repellent, it is used to keep fleas away from.

Mentha pulegium. household animals as well as on humans to ward off gnats and mosquitos. Some flea collars for pets have pennyroyal oil or the herb can be crushed in the lining. Humans have also put crushed pennyroyal stems in their pockets or on their clothing to ward off unwanted insects. However, when using the pennyroyal plant as a pest repellent, the use of the concentrated pennyroyal oil should be avoided. Pennyroyal oil can be extremely toxic to both humans and animals, even in small quantities. With the use of pennyroyal around animals and humans comes the risk of it being absorbed.

Mentha pulegium. through the skin and causing negative health effects. The less concentrated leaves of the plant should be used instead as an insect repellent.Pennyroyal has historically also been used as a mint flavoring in herbal teas and foods. Pennyroyal tea has been used for cold relief, fevers, coughs, indigestion, liver and kidney problems and headaches. The fresh or dried leaves of pennyroyal have also been used when treating influenza, abdominal cramps, to induce sweating, as well as in the treatment of diseases such as smallpox and tuberculosis. To make the tea, the leaves of the plant are boiled in hot water.

Mentha pulegium. The lower concentrations of toxic chemicals in these teas are less harmful than pennyroyal oil. It is recommended that people only drink pennyroyal tea periodically, as it is taxing on the body and should not be drunk on a regular basis. Consumption of pennyroyal tea can be fatal to infants and children.In Italy the fresh leaves of this plant, which in Rome and the surrounding area is called "menta romana", are used in the capital's cuisine to flavour lamb and tripe. In culinary use it should not be confused with lesser calamint ("Clinopodium nepeta"), which in Rome is used to.

Mentha pulegium. prepare artichokes.The pennyroyal plant has also been used as an emmenagogue or perhaps most famously as an abortifacient. Chemicals in the pennyroyal plant cause the uterine lining to contract, causing a woman's uterine lining to shed. Women who struggle with regulating their menstrual cycle or suffer from a cystic ovary syndrome may choose to drink pennyroyal tea. Pennyroyal tea is subtle enough to induce menstrual flow with minimal risk of negative health effects. More concentrated versions of the plant, such as the oil, are much more toxic and will likely force a miscarriage if ingested by a pregnant woman. Since.

Mentha pulegium. the U.S. Congress passed the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act in October 1994 all manufactured forms of pennyroyal in the United States have carried a warning label against its use by pregnant women, but pennyroyal is not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Rennie's 1833 supplement to the pharmacopeias admitted its use as an "expectorant, diuretic, and emmenagogue" in doses of 10 grains to 1 scruple (0.6–1.3g) of the powdered dried herb, but dismissed the use of the Pennyroyal Water (Aqua Pulegii) as "popularly but erroneously supposed" to be an abortifacient [no mention is made of toxicity].At least.

Mentha pulegium. one study has shown pennyroyal oil to have potent acaricidal activity against house dust mites.## Toxicity.Pennyroyal is toxic to humans and has differing effects dependent on the volume and concentration ingested. The most concentrated and toxic form of the pennyroyal plant is pennyroyal oil. The oil contains 80% to 92% of cyclohexanone pulegone. Pulegone, the molecule in highest concentration in the pennyroyal plant, causes a variety of ailments in those who ingest it and is what causes the plant to have its peppermint flavor.Symptoms that may persist after ingesting a small dose (<10 mL) of pennyroyal oil are nausea, vomiting,.

Mentha pulegium. abdominal pain and dizziness. Larger volumes may result in multiorgan failure that could lead to death. There are no current toxicokinetics studies performed on humans for the effects of pulegone, but there are some studies performed on other mammals. When pulegone is ingested, it is broken down by the liver and reacts to form multiple toxic metabolites that can wreak havoc in the body. Some identified metabolites are menthofuran, piperitenone, piperitone, and menthone.## Chemistry.## Structure and reactivity.The active chemical in pennyroyal is pulegone. Pulegone is a ketone and on the cellular level, ketones can act as enzyme inhibitors. The carbonyl.

Mentha pulegium. center of the pulegone structure acts as a strong electrophile, causing active sites on enzymes to bind with pulegone instead of the target protein.The exocyclic double bond found in pulegone is vital to the activation and binding mechanism of the molecule and causes it to be an effective hepatotoxin. When ingested, pulegone targets the liver and kidney, among other organs. Studies have been conducted on rats show that one of the main effects is the inhibition of contractile activity in the myometrium and death by kidney failure. Also found in the study, long term exposure to pennyroyal increased incidences of.

Mentha pulegium. urinary bladder tumors.## Mechanism of action.The exact mechanism of action by which pennyroyal induces menses and abortions in humans is still unknown. Studies using animal models speculate the source of liver toxicity is due to one of the many constituents the plant contains: pulegone, a monoterpene. Pulegone is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP 1A2 and 2E1) and converted to several toxins. Both "in vitro" and "in vivo" studies have found the pulegone metabolite menthofuran to be an inhibitor of CYP2A6, accounting for a significant degree of pennyroyal's hepatotoxicity.The exact pathway pulegone undergoes to be converted to menthofuran is unknown, but.

Mentha pulegium. one study strongly suggested it included allylic oxidation of a methyl group (from CYP450), intramolecular cyclization to form a hemiketal, and subsequent dehydration to form the furan. Additionally, pulegone and menthofuran may deplete glutathione levels, leaving hepatocytes vulnerable to free radical damage.## Treatment.There is no known antidote for pennyroyal toxicity. Case studies involving pennyroyal poisonings have reported the use of gastric lavages and administration of emetics or vomiting inducing agents, or absorbents like activated charcoal. As glutathione depletion has been shown to regulate liver toxification, administration of N-acetylcysteine in similar doses as given for acetaminophen toxicity have been given to.

Mentha pulegium. patients.A study testing pulegone toxicity found inhibitors of cytochrome P450, such as cobaltous chloride or piperonyl butoxide, blocked toxicity. Such testing has not been expanded to humans, however, as the pennyroyal mechanism of toxicity is still not entirely understood. "Hedeoma pulegioides" (American pennyroyal, a distantly related species)ARKive - images and movies of the Pennyroyal "(Mentha pulegium).


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this insect?

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Common wood-nymph. The common wood-nymph ("Cercyonis pegala") is a North American butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is also known as the wood-nymph, grayling, blue-eyed grayling, and the goggle eye.## Description.The common wood-nymph can vary greatly. All individuals are brown with two eyespots on each forewing – the lower one often being larger than the upper one. Some may have many, few, or no eyespots on the ventral surface of the hindwing. In the southeastern part of its range, it has a large yellow patch on both surfaces of the forewing. In the western part of its range, it may have a.

Common wood-nymph. pale yellow patch or may be lacking one. Individuals in the Northeast also lack the yellow patch, i.e., "C. p. nephele". In individuals with no yellow patch, there are two pale yellow eye rings that encircle both the forewing eyespots. The wingspan measures 5.3 to 7.3 cm (2.1 to 2.9 in).## Subspecies.The following subspecies are recognized:"Cercyonis pegala abbotti" "Cercyonis pegala alope" – Texas"Cercyonis pegala ariane" – Oregon, Utah"Cercyonis pegala blanca" "Cercyonis pegala boopis" – British Columbia"Cercyonis pegala damei" "Cercyonis pegala ino" – prairies"Cercyonis pegala nephele" – northern Canada and US"Cercyonis pegala olympus" "Cercyonis pegala pegala" - eastern US"Cercyonis pegala stephensi.

Common wood-nymph. "Cercyonis pegala texana" – Texas"Cercyonis pegala wheeleri" ## Similar species.In the western part of the common wood-nymph's range, there are a few similar species. The Great Basin wood-nymph ("Cercyonis sthenele") and the small wood-nymph ("Cercyonis oetus") are smaller, and the lower forewing eyespot is smaller than the upper one. Mead's wood-nymph ("Cercyonis meadii") has a bright red-orange area on the ventral forewing.## Range and distribution.The common wood-nymph ranges from Nova Scotia and Quebec west to northern British Columbia south to northern California southeast to Texas and east to northern Florida.## Habitat.The common wood-nymph is found in a variety of open.


Question: What is this plant named after?

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Abelia. Taxonomy.The generic name commemorates Clarke Abel, a keen naturalist who accompanied Lord Amherst's unsuccessful embassy to China in 1816 as a surgeon, under the sponsorship of Sir Joseph Banks. All of Abel's seeds and plants were lost in a shipwreck on the homeward voyage, however; living plants of "Abelia chinensis" (now "Linnaea chinensis") were first imported to England in 1844 by Robert Fortune.Some species placed in "Abelia" were transferred to "Linnaea" at various times from 1872 onwards, but these transfers were not accepted by most botanists. Molecular phylogenetic studies showed that a number of genera traditionally placed in the tribe.


Question: What is the basin country to the lake?

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Seehamer See. Seehamer See is a lake in the Alpine foothills, Bavaria, Germany. At an elevation of 653 m, its surface area is 1.47 km².List of lakes in Bavaria.


Question: What is the genre of this building?

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Bedside. Bedside is a 1934 American pre-Code drama film starring Warren William, Jean Muir and Allen Jenkins. A man passes himself off as a doctor. Warren William as Bob Brown Jean Muir as Caroline Grant Allen Jenkins as Sam Sparks David Landau as Smith Katharine Sergava (Kathryn Sergava) as Mimi Maritza Henry O'Neill as Dr. William Chester Donald Meek as Dr. George Wiley Renee Whitney as Mme. Varsova Walter Walker as Dr. Michaels Marjorie Lytell as Patient with Sprained Ankle Frederick Burton as Hospital Superintendent Philip Faversham as Intern Attending Caroline (as Phillip Faversham) Louise Beavers as Pansy Earle Foxe as.


Question: Which historic county does this village belong to?

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Anderton Boat Lift. The Anderton Boat Lift is a two caisson lift lock near the village of Anderton, Cheshire, in North West England. It provides a 50 (ft) vertical link between two navigable waterways: the River Weaver and the Trent and Mersey Canal. The structure is designated as a scheduled monument, and is included in the National Heritage List for England; it is also known as one of the Seven Wonders of the Waterways.Built in 1875, the boat lift was in use for over 100 years until it was closed in 1983 due to corrosion. Restoration started in 2001 and the boat lift.

Anderton Boat Lift. was re-opened in 2002. The lift and associated visitor centre and exhibition are operated by the Canal & River Trust. It is one of only two working boat lifts in the United Kingdom; the other is the Falkirk Wheel in Scotland.## Economic background.Salt has been extracted from rock salt beds underneath the Cheshire Plain since Roman times. By the end of the 17th century a major salt mining industry had developed around the Cheshire "salt towns" of Northwich, Middlewich, Nantwich and Winsford.Completion of the River Weaver Navigation in 1734 provided a navigable route for transporting salt from Winsford, through Northwich,.

Anderton Boat Lift. Monuments in Cheshire (post-1539) List of waterway societies in the United Kingdom Strépy-Thieu boat lift – the world's second-tallest boat lift, in Le Rœulx, province of Hainaut, Belgium Falkirk Wheel Peterborough lift lock – the world's tallest hydraulic boat lift, in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada Foxton Inclined Plane – former inclined plane on the Grand Union Canal Canals of the United Kingdom Canals in Cheshire Anderton Boat Lift - Canal & River TrustOfficial Website for the trustLiverpool Echo article, 26 March 2002, £7m Lift for 19th century wonderThe Independent, London, 27 March 2002 Uplifting experience as 'Eiffel Tower of waterways' reopensBritish.


Question: Where is this bird native to?

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Australian brushturkey. The Australian brushturkey or Australian brush-turkey or gweela ("Alectura lathami"), also frequently called the scrub turkey or bush turkey, is a common, widespread species of mound-building bird from the family Megapodiidae found in eastern Australia from Far North Queensland to Eurobodalla on the South Coast of New South Wales. The Australian brushturkey has also been introduced to Kangaroo Island in South Australia. It is the largest extant representative of the family Megapodiidae, and is one of three species to inhabit Australia.Despite its name and their superficial similarities, the bird is not closely related to American turkeys, nor to the Australian.

Australian brushturkey. bustard, which is also known as the bush turkey. Its closest relatives are the wattled brushturkey, Waigeo brushturkey, and malleefowl.## Biology.## Description.It is a large bird with black feathers and a red head. Its total length is about 60 – 75 (cm) and a wingspan of about 85 (cm). The subspecies "A. l. purpureicollis" from the northern Cape York Peninsula is smaller than the more widespread nominate subspecies. It has a prominent, fan-like tail flattened sideways, and its plumage is mainly blackish, but with a bare red head, and a yellow (in the nominate subspecies) or purple wattle (in "A.

Australian brushturkey. l. purpureicollis"). The males' wattles become much larger during breeding season, often swinging from side to side as they run. The males' heads and wattles also become much brighter during the breeding and nesting season. The underside of the body is sprinkled with white feathers, more pronounced in older birds. The brushturkey is a clumsy flyer and cannot fly long distances, only taking to the air when threatened by predators or to roost in trees at night and during the heat of the day.## Nesting.They build large nests on the ground made of leaves, other compostable material, and earth, 1.

Australian brushturkey. to 1.5 (m) high and up to 4 (m) across. Mound-building is done by a dominant male, and visited by a succession of local females, for mating and egg-laying. The male works tirelessly, collecting material from all around, and also diligently repelling rival males, which are keen to usurp his position. The effort involved eventually wears him down, and he will ultimately be defeated by a new king. The eggs are very large (90 × 45 mm), and the young are fully fledged on hatching. They can fly within hours, as soon as the feathers are dry. The eggs are.

Australian brushturkey. hatched by the heat of the composting mound, the temperature of which is regulated by adding or removing material to maintain the temperature in the 33 – 35 (C) incubation temperature range. The Australian brushturkey checks the temperature by sticking its beak into the mound. Like some reptiles, incubation temperature affects the sex ratio of chicks, but the mechanism is different between reptiles and these birds, with reptiles exhibiting temperature-dependent sex determination, and megapodes exhibiting temperature-dependent embryo mortality. The sex ratio in brushturkeys is equal at incubation temperatures of 34 °C, but results in more males when cooler and more.

Australian brushturkey. females when warmer (p=0.035). Whether the parents use this to manipulate the sex of their offspring by, for instance, selecting the nesting site accordingly, is unclear. Warmer incubation also results in heavier, fitter chicks (p<0.0001), but how this is linked to sex is also unknown.The same nesting site is frequently used year after year, with the old nests being added to each breeding season. The average clutch of eggs is between 16 and 24 large white eggs, which are laid September to March. Sometimes, up to 50 eggs laid by several females may be found in a single mound. The.

Australian brushturkey. eggs are placed in a circle roughly 60 – 80 (cm) down, 20 – 30 (cm) apart, always with the large end up. The newly hatched young dig themselves out of the mound and then have to care for themselves.## Predators and human interactions.Brushturkey eggs are a favourite food of goannas, snakes, and dingoes and dogs, though brushturkeys were also a staple of Aboriginal Australians. Often, goannas exhibit wounds on their tails from having been pecked by brushturkeys that ferociously chase them away from their nests. Chicks are left to fend for themselves from their hatching so they have a.

Australian brushturkey. high death rate.In situations where they come into contact with humans, such as picnic areas in national parks and suburban gardens, brushturkeys exhibit little fear and often boldly attempt to steal food from tables and raid compost bins. Brush-turkeys in more urbanized areas show reduced fear compared to birds in national parks. They nest in suburban gardens, and in search of material for their nests remove enormous amounts of mulch from gardens.## Habitat.The Australian brushturkey inhabits rainforests and wet sclerophyll forests, but can also be found in drier scrubs and open areas. In the northern part of its range, the.

Australian brushturkey. Australian brushturkey is most common at higher altitudes, but individuals move to the lowland areas in winter. In the south, it is common in both mountain and lowland regions.Brushturkeys are now common in urban environments and can be found in backyards in both Brisbane and Sydney.The range of the Australian brushturkey extends from the top of Cape York to approximately the area around Wollongong.## Population.Brushturkeys are fairly common presently, but in the 1930s, the bird was supposed to be approaching extinction.## Human interaction.The Australian brushturkey can damage gardens when raking up the ground looking for food. It can also cause.

Australian brushturkey. extensive damage to food crops. The Department of Environment, Climate Change, and Water provides hints for living with brushturkeys in urban environments.They are sometimes hunted for food, including as part of the diet by Aboriginal Australians. Their eggs, which weigh on average 180 (g), are also sometimes eaten.The Australian brushturkey is fully protected in Queensland. Under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 it is an offence to harm brush turkeys. For a class 1 offence it is 3000 penalty units or two years imprisonment. For a class 4 offence it is 100 penalty units or A$13,345.00. In New South Wales, shooting.

Australian brushturkey. a brush turkey has resulted in fines of up to A$22,000, under the Biodiversity Conservation Act. Edden, R. and Boles, W.E. (1986). "Birds of the Australian Rainforests". Sydney: Reed Books. Marchant, S. and Higgins, P.J. (eds.) (1993). "Handbook of Australian New Zealand and Antarctic Birds". Vol. 2: "Raptors to Lapwings". Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Olsen, P., Crome, F. and Olsen, J. (1993). "The Birds of Prey and Ground Birds of Australia". Sydney: Angus and Robertson, and the National Photographic Index of Australian Wildlife. Australian Brush-turkey videos, photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection Deterring brush turkeys – New South.

Australian brushturkey. Wales Government Factsheets — Brushturkey.


Question: What is the typical diameter (in 1) of this object?

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Tetrahedron. regular tetrahedron.The following Cartesian coordinates define the four vertices of a tetrahedron with edge length 2, centered at the origin, and two level edges:formula_1Expressed symmetrically as 4 points on the unit sphere, centroid at the origin, with lower face level, the vertices are:formula_2formula_3formula_4formula_5with the edge length of formula_6.Still another set of coordinates are based on an alternated cube or demicube with edge length 2. This form has Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbol h{4,3}. The tetrahedron in this case has edge length 2. Inverting these coordinates generates the dual tetrahedron, and the pair together form the stellated octahedron, whose vertices are.

Tetrahedron. those of the original cube.Tetrahedron: (1,1,1), (1,−1,−1), (−1,1,−1), (−1,−1,1)Dual tetrahedron: (−1,−1,−1), (−1,1,1), (1,−1,1), (1,1,−1)## Angles and distances.For a regular tetrahedron of edge length "a":With respect to the base plane the slope of a face (2) is twice that of an edge (), corresponding to the fact that the "horizontal" distance covered from the base to the apex along an edge is twice that along the median of a face. In other words, if "C" is the centroid of the base, the distance from "C" to a vertex of the base is twice that from "C" to the midpoint of an.

Tetrahedron. two tetrahedra in the cube). The symmetries of a regular tetrahedron correspond to half of those of a cube: those that map the tetrahedra to themselves, and not to each other.The tetrahedron is the only Platonic solid that is not mapped to itself by point inversion.The regular tetrahedron has 24 isometries, forming the symmetry group Td, [3,3], (*332), isomorphic to the symmetric group, "S"4. They can be categorized as follows: T, [3,3]+, (332) is isomorphic to alternating group, "A"4 (the identity and 11 proper rotations) with the following conjugacy classes (in parentheses are given the permutations of the vertices, or.

Tetrahedron. correspondingly, the faces, and the unit quaternion representation): identity (identity; 1) rotation about an axis through a vertex, perpendicular to the opposite plane, by an angle of ±120°: 4 axes, 2 per axis, together , etc.; ) rotation by an angle of 180° such that an edge maps to the opposite edge: , etc.; ) reflections in a plane perpendicular to an edge: 6 reflections in a plane combined with 90° rotation about an axis perpendicular to the plane: 3 axes, 2 per axis, together 6; equivalently, they are 90° rotations combined with inversion (x is mapped to −x): the.

Tetrahedron. are projected as circular arcs on the plane.## Helical stacking.Regular tetrahedra can be stacked face-to-face in a chiral aperiodic chain called the Boerdijk–Coxeter helix. In four dimensions, all the convex regular 4-polytopes with tetrahedral cells (the 5-cell, 16-cell and 600-cell) can be constructed as tilings of the 3-sphere by these chains, which become periodic in the three-dimensional space of the 4-polytope's boundary surface.## Irregular tetrahedra.Tetrahedra which do not have four equilateral faces are categorized and named by the symmetries they do possess.If all three pairs of opposite edges of a tetrahedron are perpendicular, then it is called an orthocentric tetrahedron.

Tetrahedron. to the opposite faces are inversely proportional to the areas of these faces.For a tetrahedron with vertices,, and, the volume is , or any other combination of pairs of vertices that form a simply connected graph. This can be rewritten using a dot product and a cross product, yieldingformula_9If the origin of the coordinate system is chosen to coincide with vertex d, then d = 0, soformula_10where a, b, and c represent three edges that meet at one vertex, and is a scalar triple product. Comparing this formula with that used to compute the volume of a parallelepiped, we conclude.

Tetrahedron. that the volume of a tetrahedron is equal to of the volume of any parallelepiped that shares three converging edges with it.The absolute value of the scalar triple product can be represented as the following absolute values of determinants:formula_11orformula_12whereformula_13are expressed as row or column vectors.Henceformula_14whereformula_15which givesformula_16where "α", "β", "γ" are the plane angles occurring in vertex d. The angle "α", is the angle between the two edges connecting the vertex d to the vertices b and c. The angle "β", does so for the vertices a and c, while "γ", is defined by the position of the vertices a and.

Tetrahedron. b.If we do not require that d = 0 thenformula_17Given the distances between the vertices of a tetrahedron the volume can be computed using the Cayley–Menger determinant:formula_18where the subscripts represent the vertices and "d" is the pairwise distance between them – i.e., the length of the edge connecting the two vertices. A negative value of the determinant means that a tetrahedron cannot be constructed with the given distances. This formula, sometimes called Tartaglia's formula, is essentially due to the painter Piero della Francesca in the 15th century, as a three dimensional analogue of the 1st century Heron's formula for the.

Tetrahedron. area of a triangle.Let be three edges that meet at a point, and the opposite edges. Let be the volume of the tetrahedron; thenformula_19whereformula_20The above formula uses six lengths of edges, and the following formula uses three lengths of edges and three angles.formula_21## Heron-type formula for the volume of a tetrahedron.If , , , , , are lengths of edges of the tetrahedron (first three form a triangle; with opposite , opposite , opposite ), thenformula_22where formula_23 formula_24## Volume divider.Any plane containing a bimedian (connector of opposite edges' midpoints) of a tetrahedron bisects the volume of the tetrahedron.## Non-Euclidean volume.For.

Tetrahedron. segment joining the midpoints of two opposite edges is called a "bimedian" of the tetrahedron. Hence there are four medians and three bimedians in a tetrahedron. These seven line segments are all concurrent at a point called the "centroid" of the tetrahedron. In addition the four medians are divided in a 3:1 ratio by the centroid (see Commandino's theorem). The centroid of a tetrahedron is the midpoint between its Monge point and circumcenter. These points define the "Euler line" of the tetrahedron that is analogous to the Euler line of a triangle.The nine-point circle of the general triangle has an.

Tetrahedron. is a diagonal of one of the cube's faces. For one such embedding, the Cartesian coordinates of the vertices are(+1, +1, +1);(−1, −1, +1);(−1, +1, −1);(+1, −1, −1).This yields a tetrahedron with edge-length 2, centered at the origin. For the other tetrahedron (which is dual to the first), reverse all the signs. These two tetrahedra's vertices combined are the vertices of a cube, demonstrating that the regular tetrahedron is the 3-demicube.The volume of this tetrahedron is one-third the volume of the cube. Combining both tetrahedra gives a regular polyhedral compound called the compound of two tetrahedra or stella octangula.The interior.

Tetrahedron. of the stella octangula is an octahedron, and correspondingly, a regular octahedron is the result of cutting off, from a regular tetrahedron, four regular tetrahedra of half the linear size (i.e., rectifying the tetrahedron).The above embedding divides the cube into five tetrahedra, one of which is regular. In fact, five is the minimum number of tetrahedra required to compose a cube. To see this, starting from a base tetrahedron with 4 vertices, each added tetrahedra adds at most 1 new vertex, so at least 4 more must be added to make a cube, which has 8 vertices.Inscribing tetrahedra inside the.

Tetrahedron. and counterclockwise orientations of the surface.Putting any of the four vertices in the role of "O" yields four such identities, but at most three of them are independent: If the "clockwise" sides of three of them are multiplied and the product is inferred to be equal to the product of the "counterclockwise" sides of the same three identities, and then common factors are cancelled from both sides, the result is the fourth identity.Three angles are the angles of some triangle if and only if their sum is 180° (π radians). What condition on 12 angles is necessary and sufficient for.

Tetrahedron. them to be the 12 angles of some tetrahedron? Clearly the sum of the angles of any side of the tetrahedron must be 180°. Since there are four such triangles, there are four such constraints on sums of angles, and the number of degrees of freedom is thereby reduced from 12 to 8. The four relations given by this sine law further reduce the number of degrees of freedom, from 8 down to not 4 but 5, since the fourth constraint is not independent of the first three. Thus the space of all shapes of tetrahedra is 5-dimensional.## Law of.

Tetrahedron. faces are "F"a, "F"b, "F"c, and "F"d. Thenformula_29For vertices "A", "B", "C", and "D", interior point "P", and feet "J", "K", "L", and "M" of the perpendiculars from "P" to the faces, and suppose the faces have equal areas, thenformula_30## Inradius.Denoting the inradius of a tetrahedron as "r" and the inradii of its triangular faces as "r""i" for "i" = 1, 2, 3, 4, we haveformula_31with equality if and only if the tetrahedron is regular.If "A""1", "A""2", "A""3" and "A""4" denote the area of each faces, the value of "r" is given byformula_32.This formula is obtained from dividing the tetrahedron.

Tetrahedron. tetrahedra. One example has one edge of 896, the opposite edge of 990 and the other four edges of 1073; two faces are isosceles triangles with areas of and the other two are isosceles with areas of , while the volume is .A tetrahedron can have integer volume and consecutive integers as edges, an example being the one with edges 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 and volume 48.## Related polyhedra and compounds.A regular tetrahedron can be seen as a triangular pyramid.A regular tetrahedron can be seen as a degenerate polyhedron, a uniform "digonal antiprism", where base polygons are.

Tetrahedron. is arccos(−), or approximately 109.47°.Water, , also has a tetrahedral structure, with two hydrogen atoms and two lone pairs of electrons around the central oxygen atoms. Its tetrahedral symmetry is not perfect, however, because the lone pairs repel more than the single O–H bonds.Quaternary phase diagrams of mixtures of chemical substances are represented graphically as tetrahedra.However, quaternary phase diagrams in communication engineering are represented graphically on a two-dimensional plane.## Electricity and electronics.If six equal resistors are soldered together to form a tetrahedron, then the resistance measured between any two vertices is half that of one resistor.Since silicon is the most.

Tetrahedron. rolled appearing around the bottom or on the top vertex. Some Rubik's Cube-like puzzles are tetrahedral, such as the Pyraminx and Pyramorphix.## Geology.The tetrahedral hypothesis, originally published by William Lowthian Green to explain the formation of the Earth, was popular through the early 20th century.## Weaponry.Some caltrops are based on tetrahedra as one spike points upwards regardless of how they land and can be easily made by welding two bent nails together.## Contemporary art.The Austrian artist Martina Schettina created a tetrahedron using fluorescent lamps. It was shown at the light art biennale Austria 2010.It is used as album artwork, surrounded.


Question: What is the mohs' hardness of this material?

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Water. (1.473), benzene (1.501), carbon disulfide (1.627), and common types of glass (1.4 to 1.6). The refraction index of ice (1.31) is lower than that of liquid water.## Polar molecule.In a water molecule, the hydrogen atoms form a 104.5° angle with the oxygen atom. The hydrogen atoms are close to two corners of a tetrahedron centered on the oxygen. At the other two corners are "lone pairs" of valence electrons that do not participate in the bonding. In a perfect tetrahedron, the atoms would form a 109.5° angle, but the repulsion between the lone pairs is greater than the repulsion between.


Question: Which city or region does this place locate in?

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Römerberg. Römerberg is a municipality in the Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Rhine, approximately 5 (km) southwest of Speyer.## History.The municipality of Römerberg was established by the fusion of the municipalities of Berghausen, Heiligenstein and Mechtersheim in 1969. The seat of the municipality is in the village Heiligenstein.


Question: What product does this aircraft produce?

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Dornier Flugzeugwerke. immense size and weight. Dornier's successful landplane airliners, including the Komet ("Comet") and Merkur ("Mercury"), were used by Lufthansa and other European carriers during the 1920s and early 30s. Dornier built its aircraft outside Germany during much of this period due to the restrictions placed on German aircraft manufacturers by the Treaty of Versailles: locations included Altenrhein, Switzerland, 12 km from Zeppelin's Lindau (Bodensee) location. Foreign factories licence-building Dornier products included CMASA and Piaggio in Italy, CASA in Spain, Kawasaki in Japan, and Aviolanda in the Netherlands. Once the Nazi government came to power and abandoned the treaty's restrictions, Dornier.

Dornier Flugzeugwerke. resumed production in Germany.The success of the Wal family encouraged the development of derivatives, and of more advanced successors, such as the Do 18, and Do 24 which saw service in several armed forces, including German, into World War II.Dornier's most important World War II military aircraft design was the Do 17, nicknamed "The Flying Pencil". It first flew in 1934 as a mailplane for Lufthansa but due to its narrow fuselage (hence its nickname) it was not commercially viable and was passed over. Dornier then developed it further as a military aircraft, with a prototype bomber flying in 1935,.

Dornier Flugzeugwerke. which was too late to see service.After WWII, aircraft production was again forbidden in Germany, and Dornier relocated to Spain and then to Switzerland where the firm provided aeronautical consultancy services until returning to Germany in 1954. Post-war, Dornier re-established itself with successful STOL Do 27 and Do 28 utility planes. In 1974 it joined a joint venture with French aircraft manufacturers Dassault-Breguet to develop the Alpha Jet.In 1983, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) acquired a production licence for the Dornier 228 and manufactured the aircraft for the Asian market. By 2013 a total of 117 Dornier 228 aircraft had been.

Dornier Flugzeugwerke. groups continued to show interest in its 728 version in August 2004, but production was not restarted. Dornier 228 production was taken over by Swiss manufacturer RUAG, who then sold it off to General Atomics in 2020. Other subsidiaries became part of the EADS.The medtech division was sold to an investment company and now bears the name Dornier MedTech. Dornier Medtech manufactures medical equipment, such as the "Dornier S lithotriptor", HM3, Compact Delta to treat kidney stones. Dornier MedTech also manufactures laser devices for a wide range of applications.## Dornier Seaplane Company.The Dornier family have a spin-off company and project,.

Dornier Flugzeugwerke. the Dornier Seastar. It is a turboprop-powered amphibious aircraft built largely of composite materials. This was developed by , and later by his son Cornado by Dornier Seawings.## Dornier Technologie.Claude's grandson, , founded Dornier Technologie in 1996 to manufacture the Dornier S-Ray 007. Dornier Gs Precursor to Wal destroyed by Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control (1919) Dornier Do A Libelle (I 1921, III redesignated Do 12) Dornier Spatz Landplane version of Do A (1922) Dornier Do B Merkur Development of Do C (1926) Dornier Do C Komet (I 1921, II 1922, III 1926) Dornier Do C 2, 3, 4 Fighter.

Dornier Flugzeugwerke. O Wal Custom built version of Do J (1924) Dornier Do P (1930) Dornier Do R.2 and R.4 Superwal (1924) Dornier Do S (1930) Dornier Do T (Komet/Merkur converted to Air Ambulance) Dornier Do U (Cancelled civil variant of Do Y) Dornier Do X (1929) Dornier Do Y (1930, redesignated Do 15)## Dornier aircraft projects.## Letter designations (before 1933).Additional unbuilt projects include 3 different Schneider Trophy racers from 1924, 1928 and 1931 and a large multi-engine seaplane similar to the Do X with engines buried in the wings. Dornier Do 10 Dornier Do 11 Dornier Do 12 Dornier Do 13.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Coccoloba uvifera. Coccoloba uvifera is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae, that is native to coastal beaches throughout tropical America and the Caribbean, including southern Florida, the Bahamas, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and Bermuda. Common names include seagrape and baygrape.## Fruit.In late summer, it bears green fruit, about 2 (cm) diameter, in large, grape-like clusters. The fruit gradually ripens to a purplish color. Each contains a large pit that constitutes most of the volume of the fruit.## Cultivation and propagation.Although it is capable of surviving down to about 2 °C (35.6 °F), the tree cannot survive frost.

Coccoloba uvifera. The leaves turn reddish before withering. The seeds of this plant, once gathered, must be planted immediately, for unlike most plants, the seeds cannot withstand being stored for future planting."C. uvifera" is wind-resistant, moderately tolerant of shade, and highly tolerant of salt, so it is often planted to stabilize beach edges; it is also planted as an ornamental shrub. The fruit is very tasty, and can be used for jam or eaten directly from the tree.Sea grape is a dioecious species, that is, male and female flowers are borne on separate plants, and cross-pollination is necessary for fruit to develop.

Coccoloba uvifera. Honey bees and other insects help pollinate these plants; male and female plants can be distinguished by the appearance of their flowers, as males usually show dead flower stalks.Hardiness: USDA zone 9B–11Propagation: seeds and cuttingsCulture: partial shade/full sun, drought tolerance## Uses."Coccoloba uvifera" is a popular ornamental plant in south Florida yards. It serves as a dune stabilizer and protective habitat for small animals. Tall sea grape plants behind beaches help prevent sea turtles from being distracted by lights from nearby buildings. The sap has been used for dyeing and tanning leather. The wood has occasionally been used in furniture, as.

Coccoloba uvifera. firewood, or for making charcoal. The fruits of the sea grape may be eaten raw, cooked into jellies and jams, or fermented into sea grape wine.## Classification.The first botanical names of the plant were assigned in 1696 by Hans Sloane, who called it "Prunus maritima racemosa", "maritime grape-cluster Prunus", and Leonard Plukenet, who named it "Uvifera littorea", "grape-bearer of the shore", both of which names reflect the European concept of "sea-grape", expressed in a number of languages by the explorers of the times. The natives viewed it as a large mulberry.The first edition of Linnaeus's "Species Plantarum" (1753), based on.

Coccoloba uvifera. Plukenet, assigned the plant to "Polygonum uvifera" and noted "flores non vidi", "I have not seen the flowers." Subsequently, Patrick Browne, "The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica" (1756) devised "Coccoloba" for it. Relying on Browne, Linnaeus' second edition (1762), changed the classification to "Coccolobus uvifera", citing all the other names. "Coccoloba" comes from the Greek "kokkolobis", a kind of grape, literally, "berry pod". Preview available, Google Books.


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Arch of Hadrian (Jerash). The Arch of Hadrian is an ancient Roman structure in Jerash, Jordan. It is an 11-metre high triple-arched gateway erected to honor the visit of Roman Emperor Hadrian to the city (then called Gerasa) in the winter of 129–130. The arch originally stood to almost 22 m and probably had wooden doors. It features some unconventional, possibly Nabataean, architectural features, such as acanthus bases. The columns are decorated with capitals at the bottom rather than the top. The monument served both as a commemorative arch and as an approach to Gerasa. The Arch's relative remoteness from the city walls points.


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Beechcraft. Kansas, in 1932 by Walter Beech as president, his wife Olive Ann Beech as secretary, Ted A. Wells as vice president of engineering, K. K. Shaul as treasurer, and investor C. G. Yankey as vice president. The company began operations in an idle Cessna factory. With designer Ted Wells, they developed the first aircraft under the Beechcraft name, the classic Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing, which first flew in November 1932. Over 750 Staggerwings were built, with 352 manufactured for the United States Army Air Forces and 67 for the United States Navy during World War II.Beechcraft was not Beech's first.

Beechcraft. after the sudden death of her husband from a heart attack on November 29 of that year. She continued as CEO until Beech was purchased by Raytheon Company on February 8, 1980. Ted Wells had been replaced as chief engineer by Herbert Rawdon, who remained at the post until his retirement in the early 1960s.Throughout much of the mid-to-late 20th century, Beechcraft was considered one of the "Big Three" in the field of general aviation manufacturing, along with Cessna and Piper Aircraft.In 1994, Raytheon merged Beechcraft with the Hawker product line it had acquired in 1993 from British Aerospace, forming.


Question: What is this bird named after?

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New World oriole. New World orioles are a group of birds in the genus Icterus of the blackbird family. Unrelated to Old World orioles of the family Oriolidae, they are strikingly similar in size, diet, behavior, and strongly contrasting plumage. As a result, the two have been given the same vernacular name.Males are typically black and vibrant yellow or orange with white markings, females and immature birds duller. They molt annually. New World orioles are generally slender with long tails and a pointed bill. They mainly eat insects, but also enjoy nectar and fruit. The nest is a woven, elongated pouch. Species nesting.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Acer macrophyllum. Acer macrophyllum, the bigleaf maple or Oregon maple, is a large deciduous tree in the genus "Acer".It is native to western North America, mostly near the Pacific coast, from southernmost Alaska to southern California. Some stands are also found inland in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains of central California, and a tiny population occurs in central Idaho.## Description.Bigleaf maple can grow up to 158 (ft) tall, but more commonly reaches 15 - 20 (m) tall and 90-120 (cm). The species' current national champion for size is located in Lane County, Oregon. It is 119 (ft) tall with a.

Acer macrophyllum. crown spread of 91 (ft), with an average diameter at breast height (dbh) of about 3.7 (m). The previous national champion is located in Marion, Oregon, and is 88 (ft) tall with a crown spread of 104 (ft), with an average dbh of about 2.5 (m). The bark is gray brown, darkening and developing ridges with age.The bigleaf maple has the largest leaves of any maple, typically 15 - 30 (cm) across with five deeply incised palmate lobes, with the largest running to 61 (cm). The stems are 15-30 (cm) long and contain milky sap. In autumn, the leaves turn.

Acer macrophyllum. gold and yellow, contrasting against backdrops of evergreen conifers.In spring, the tree produces flowers in pendulous racemes 10 - 15 (cm) long, greenish-yellow with inconspicuous petals. It is hermaphroditic, bearing both male and female flowers in each raceme. The flowers appear in early spring, before the leaves.The fruit is a paired winged samara, each seed 1 - 1.5 (cm) in diameter with a 4 - 5 (cm) wing. Bigleaf maple begins bearing seed at about ten years of age.In May 2018 the oldest two Oregon maples in Europe, 175 years old, were removed from Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Ireland. The.

Acer macrophyllum. first had an interior which was beginning to rot, and it fell after inclement windy weather. The second, also infected, was cut down as the same fate was expected. Both were in the adjoining grassy area which was originally the cemetery of All Hallows and is now the Front Square of TCD.## Chemical constituents.The fallen leaves, blossoms, and seeds are concentrated with potassium, calcium, and other nutrients.## Distribution and habitat.Bigleaf maple can be found west of British Columbia's Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range, from Vancouver Island to California. It usually grows from sea level to elevations of 450 (m),.

Acer macrophyllum. and more exceptionally 1200 (m). It can form pure stands on moist soils in proximity to streams, but are generally found within riparian hardwood forests or dispersed, (under or within), relatively open canopies of conifers, mixed evergreens, or oaks ("Quercus" spp.) In cool and moist temperate mixed woods they are one of the dominant species. It is very rare north of Vancouver Island though cultivated in Prince Rupert, near Ketchikan, and in Juneau.## Ecology.The tree can live in a wide range of habitats, but thrives in fairly well-hydrated hardwood forests, occurring with red alder, black cottonwood, and willows. It is.

Acer macrophyllum. fairly shade tolerant, but not as much so as vine maple, and benefits from disturbances.It is not considered to be fire-resistant due to its thin bark, but large trees with thick bark may survive moderate fires. Along with red alder, bigleaf maple often dominates early postfire succession in Douglas-fir forests, and fire can increase its forest presence. It spreads and grows vegetatively from cuttings and stumps of any size in a prolific manner.Insects fertilize the tree's flowers. The winged fruits are eaten by squirrels, and by grosbeaks in the winter. Deer mice have been observed consuming bigleaf maple seeds in.

Acer macrophyllum. the spring in the Sierra Nevada. The foliage is browsed by ungulates such as black-tailed deer, mule deer, elk, and horses, as well as by mountain beavers and other rodents.A western Oregon study found that 60% of bigleaf maple seedlings over 10 (in) tall had been browsed by deer, most several times.Bigleaf maple is preferred as habitat by the barred owl, and the presence of the tree is positively associated with Hammond's flycatchers.In the wetter parts of its range, such as in the Olympic National Park and lowland forest around Puget Sound, the bark is often covered with epiphytes such.

Acer macrophyllum. as club moss and licorice fern"."Older trees suffer from heart rot.'Mocha Rose' — foliage in various shades of pink over growing season; red flowers'Santiam Snows' — green leaves speckled with white'Seattle Sentinel' — upright, columnar plant habit## Uses.Native Americans grew sprouts from the seeds for consumption, wove baskets from the inner bark, and used the leaves to cover food in cooking pits. They also carved the wood into dishes, utensils, and canoe paddles.Maple syrup has been made from the sap of bigleaf maple trees. While the sugar concentration is about the same as in "Acer saccharum" (sugar maple), the flavor.

Acer macrophyllum. is somewhat different. Interest in commercially producing syrup from bigleaf maple sap has been limited. Although not traditionally used for syrup production, it takes about 40 volumes of sap to produce 1 volume of maple syrup.## Lumber.The bigleaf maple is the only commercially important maple of the Pacific Coast region.The wood is primarily used in veneer production for furniture, but is also used in musical instrument production (including piano frames), interior paneling, and other hardwood products; the heartwood is light reddish-brown, fine-grained, moderately heavy, and fairly robust.In California, land managers do not highly value bigleaf maples, and they are often.

Acer macrophyllum. intentionally knocked over and left un-harvested during harvests for Douglas fir and redwood stands. photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Yolo County, California, in 1903.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this insect?

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Limenitis reducta. Limenitis reducta, the southern white admiral, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. "Limenitis reducta reducta" "Limenitis reducta herculeana" ## Distribution and habitat.This species can be found in central and southern Europe (northern Iberia, southern and eastern France, Italy, the Balkans, and the Alps), in Western Asia, in Syria, the Caucasus and Iran. These butterflies live in light woodland, in woodland glades and in forest edge, at an elevation of 0 - 1650 (m) above sea level.## Description."Limenitis reducta" has a wingspan of 46–54 mm. The upperside of the wings is brown black with metallic blue shine, large transversal band.

Limenitis reducta. of white markings and a submarginal line of small blue dots. The blue sheen varies with the angle of light. The ground colour of underside of the hindwings is red, with a silvery basal area, a row of white markings and a row of black spots. A few white cell spots are also present on the underside of the forewings. The caterpillars can reach a length of 27 (mm). They are light green to dull green on the back, red brown on the underside. On the back there are numerous brown thorns.This species is rather similar to "Limenitis camilla", "Neptis.

Limenitis reducta. rivularis" and "Araschnia levana" f. "prorsa".## Biology.This species may have one or more generations, depending on the location. The butterfly flies from May to August depending on the location. Larvae feed on honeysuckle ("Lonicera periclymenum", "Lonicera etrusca", "Lonicera implexa", "Lonicera xylosteum", "Lonicera alpigena", "Lonicera nummulariifolia" and "Lonicera caprifolium"). Adults usually feed on nectar of a wide range of herbaceous and arboreal flowers, but also visit fallen fruits, dung, aphid secretions and mineralised moisture from damp ground.Boulard (Michel), 1988.- Note sur la pariade du Sylvain azuré (Lep. Nymphalidae). Alexanor, 15 (3), 1987 (1988): 156-158.D.J. Carter & B. Hargreaves - Guide des.

Limenitis reducta. chenilles d'Europe - Delachaux & Niestlé, 2012, ()Josef Settele, Roland Steiner, Rolf Reinhardt, Reinart Feldmann: Schmetterlinge. Die Tagfalter Deutschlands., Eugen Ulmer KG, 2005, Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington - Guide des papillons d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord, Delachaux & Niestlé, Paris 1997 - () Lepi Net - Les Carnets du Lépidoptériste Français Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa by Paolo Mazzei, Daniel Morel, Raniero Panfili.


Question: What is this plant named after?

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Shortia. Shortia is a small genus of subshrubs or perennial herbs in the family Diapensiaceae. There are five species, four in Asia and one in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America. They are found in mountainous areas, generally from 1000 – 2000 (m) elevation. All have restricted ranges and are generally considered rare. Three of the species, "S. galacifolia", "S. soldanelloides", and "S. uniflora" are often cultivated. The genus was by Asa Gray named after botanist Charles Wilkins Short. In Gray's diary entry for April 8, 1839, he named the genus after Charles Wilkins Short because the plant was native.

Shortia. to America in a region close to where Short lived, which was Kentucky. Short and Gray never met but they corresponded with one another frequently. Short never saw a live nor dried specimen of his namesake genus.


Question: Who is the owner of this place?

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Blenheim Palace. Blenheim Palace (pronounced ) is a country house in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England. It is the seat of the Dukes of Marlborough and the only non-royal, non-episcopal country house in England to hold the title of palace. The palace, one of England's largest houses, was built between 1705 and 1722, and designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.The palace is named after the 1704 Battle of Blenheim, and thus ultimately after Blindheim (also known as Blenheim) in Bavaria. It was originally intended to be a reward to John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough for his military triumphs against the French.

Blenheim Palace. 1720s. It is unique in its combined use as a family home, mausoleum and national monument. The palace is notable as the birthplace and ancestral home of Sir Winston Churchill.Following the palace's completion, it became the home of the Churchill (later Spencer-Churchill) family for the next 300 years, and various members of the family have wrought changes to the interiors, park and gardens. At the end of the 19th century, the palace was saved from ruin by funds gained from the 9th Duke of Marlborough's marriage to American railroad heiress Consuelo Vanderbilt.## Churchills.John Churchill was born in Devon. Although his.

Blenheim Palace. and outlined his remit. Unfortunately for the Churchills, nowhere did this warrant mention Queen or Crown.The Duke of Marlborough contributed £60,000 to the initial cost when work commenced in 1705, which, supplemented by Parliament, should have built a monumental house. Parliament voted funds for the building of Blenheim, but no exact sum was mentioned nor provision for inflation or over-budget expenses. Almost from the outset, funds were spasmodic. Queen Anne paid some of them, but with growing reluctance and lapses, following her frequent altercations with the Duchess. After their final argument in 1712, all state money ceased and work came.

Blenheim Palace. 5th Duke of Marlborough (1766–1840), a spendthrift who considerably depleted the family's remaining fortune. He was eventually forced to sell other family estates, but Blenheim was safe from him as it was entailed. This did not prevent him selling the Marlboroughs' Boccaccio for a mere £875 and his own library in over 4000 lots. On his death in 1840, his profligacy left the estate and family with financial problems.By the 1870s, the Marlboroughs were in severe financial trouble and in 1875 the 7th Duke sold the "Marriage of Cupid and Psyche", together with the famed Marlborough gems, at auction for.

Blenheim Palace. remained beyond the Marlboroughs' resources. These had always been small in relation to their ducal rank and the size of their house. The British agricultural depression, which started in the 1870s, added to the family's problems. When the 9th Duke inherited in 1892, the land was generating dwindling income.## 9th Duke of Marlborough.Charles, 9th Duke of Marlborough (1871–1934) can be credited with saving both the palace and the family. Inheriting the near-bankrupt dukedom in 1892, he was forced to find a quick and drastic solution to the problems. Prevented by the strict social dictates of late 19th-century society from earning.

Blenheim Palace. shocked society and left her husband, finally divorcing in 1921. She subsequently married a Frenchman, Jacques Balsan. She died in 1964, having lived to see her son become Duke of Marlborough, and frequently returning to Blenheim, the house she had hated and yet saved, albeit as the unwilling sacrifice.After his divorce the Duke married again, to a former friend of Consuelo, Gladys Deacon, another American. This eccentric lady was of an artistic disposition, and a painting of her eyes still remains on the ceiling of the great north portico ("see secondary lead image"). A lower terrace was decorated with sphinxes.

Blenheim Palace. They subsequently separated but did not divorce. The Duke died in 1934 and his widow in 1977.The 9th Duke was succeeded by his and Consuelo Vanderbilt's eldest son: John, 10th Duke of Marlborough (1897–1972), who after eleven years as a widower, remarried at the age of 74, to (Frances) Laura Charteris, formerly the wife of the 2nd Viscount Long and the 3rd Earl of Dudley, and granddaughter of the 11th Earl of Wemyss. The marriage was short-lived, however; the Duke died just six weeks later, on 11 March 1972. The bereaved Duchess complained of "the gloom and inhospitality of Blenheim.

Blenheim Palace. after his death, and soon moved out. In her autobiography, "Laughter from a Cloud" (1980), she referred to Blenheim Palace as "The Dump". She died in London in 1990.## Second World War.During the war the 10th Duke welcomed the boys from Malvern College as evacuees, and in September 1940 allowed the Security Service (MI5) to use the palace as its base until the end of the war.## The palace today.The palace remains the home of the Dukes of Marlborough, the present incumbent of the title being Charles James (Jamie) Spencer-Churchill, 12th Duke of Marlborough. Charles James succeeded to the Dukedom.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Turaco. full order Musophagiformes. They have been proposed to link the hoatzin to the other living birds, but this was later disputed. Recent genetic analyses have strongly supported the order ranking of Musophagiformes.Musophagidae is one of very few bird families endemic to Africa, one other being the mousebirds, Colliidae. All species are frugivorous, but they also eat leaves, buds, and flowers. Figs are an important part of their diet. They have rounded wings and long tails and strong legs, making them poor fliers, but good runners.Turacos are medium-sized arboreal birds endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, where they live in forests, woodland and.

Turaco. in six genera. However, a phylogenetic analysis by Perktaş et al (2020) found genus "Tauraco" polyphyletic and a revised classification has been proposed based on molecular, morphological and biogeographic analysis. This study recognised 33 species-level taxa in seven genera corresponding to the major clades. The following phylogenetic tree is based on this proposal and uses their proposed genus and species names.Notes:## Species.The species of Musophagidae, arranged in taxonomic sequence and Paleofile.com websites are:Order Musophagiformes Genus †"Foro" ? †"F. panarium" Family Musophagidae [Apopempsidae ; Veflintornithidae ] Genus †"Veflintornis" ["Apopempsis" ] †"V. meini" ["Musophaga meini" ; "Apopempsis meini" ] †"V. africanus" ["Musophaga.


Question: What is the litter size of this animal?

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Vipera berus. a few days. Adults grow to a total length (including tail) of 60 to 90 (cm) and a mass of 50 to 180 (g). Three subspecies are recognized, including the nominate subspecies, "Vipera berus berus" described here. The snake is not considered to be threatened, though it is protected in some countries.## Taxonomy.The species has three recognised subspecies:The subspecies "V. b. bosniensis" and "V. b. sachalinensis" have been regarded as full species in some recent publications.The name 'adder' is derived from "nædre", an Old English word that had the generic meaning of serpent in the older forms of many Germanic.

Vipera berus. "common cross adder".In Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the snake is known as "hugorm", "hoggorm" and "huggorm", roughly translated as 'striking snake'. In Finland, it is known as "kyykäärme" or simply "kyy", in Estonia it is known as "rästik", while in Lithuania it is known as "angis". In Poland the snake is called "żmija zygzakowata," which translates as 'zigzag viper', due to the pattern on its back.## Description.Relatively thick-bodied, adults usually grow to 60 (cm) in total length (including tail), with an average of 55 (cm). Maximum size varies by region. The largest, at over 90 (cm), are found in Scandinavia;.

Vipera berus. a tiny scale between the frontal and the parietals), and two long and narrow supraoculars. The latter are large and distinct, each separated from the frontal by one to four small scales. The nostril is situated in a shallow depression within a large nasal scale.The eye is relatively large—equal in size or slightly larger than the nasal scale—but often smaller in females. Below the supraoculars are six to 13 (usually eight to 10) small circumorbital scales. The temporal scales are smooth (rarely weakly keeled). There are 10–12 sublabials and six to 10 (usually eight or 9) supralabials. Of the latter,.

Vipera berus. the numbers 3 and 4 are the largest, while 4 and 5 (rarely 3 and 4) are separated from the eye by a single row of small scales (sometimes two rows in alpine specimens).Midbody there are 21 dorsal scales rows (rarely 19, 20, 22, or 23). These are strongly keeled scales, except for those bordering the ventral scales. These scales seem loosely attached to the skin and lower rows become increasingly wide; those closest to the ventral scales are twice as wide as the ones along the midline. The ventral scales number 132–150 in males and 132–158 in females. The.

Vipera berus. Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and northern Greece) and eastern Europe to north of the Arctic Circle, and Russia to the Pacific Ocean, Sakhalin Island, North Korea, northern Mongolia and northern China. It is found farther north than any other snake species. The type locality was originally listed as 'Europa'. Mertens and Müller (1940) proposed restricting the type locality to 'Upsala, Schweden' (Uppsala, Sweden) and it was eventually restricted to Berthåga, Uppsala by designation of a neotype by Krecsák & Wahlgren (2008).In several European countries, it is notable as being the only native venomous snake. It is one of.

Vipera berus. and thus may be found on the banks of streams, lakes, and ponds.In much of southern Europe, such as southern France and northern Italy, it is found in either low lying wetlands or at high altitudes. In the Swiss Alps, it may ascend to about 3000 (m). In Hungary and Russia, it avoids open steppeland; a habitat in which "V. ursinii" is more likely to occur. In Russia, however, it does occur in the forest steppe zone.## Conservation status.In Great Britain, it is illegal to kill, injure, harm or sell adders under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. The same.

Vipera berus. situation applies to Norway under the (The Wildlife Act 1981) and Denmark (1981). The common viper is categorised as 'endangered' in Switzerland, and is also protected in some other countries in its range. It is also found in many protected areas.This species is listed as protected (Appendix III) under the Berne Convention. Despite the convention, it is not protected in Finland because of a reservation.The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species describes the conservation status as of 'least concern' in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, broad range of habitats, and likely slow.

Vipera berus. species is cold-adapted and hibernates in the winter. In Great Britain, males and females hibernate for about 150 and 180 days, respectively. In northern Sweden hibernation lasts 8–9 months. On mild winter days, they may emerge to bask where the snow has melted and will often travel across snow. About 15% of adults and 30–40% of juveniles die during hibernation.## Feeding.Diet consists mainly of small mammals, such as mice, rats, voles, and shrews, as well as lizards. Sometimes, slow worms are taken, and even weasels and moles. Adders also feed on amphibians, such as frogs, newts, and salamanders. Birds are.

Vipera berus. behaviour before culminating in the dramatic 'adder dance'. In this act, the males confront each other, raise up the front part of the body vertically, make swaying movements and attempt to push each other to the ground. This is repeated until one of the two becomes exhausted and crawls off to find another mate. Appleby (1971) notes that he has never seen an intruder win one of these contests, as if the frustrated defender is so aroused by courtship that he refuses to lose his chance to mate. There is no record of any biting taking place during these bouts.Females.

Vipera berus. toxicity as being relatively low compared to other viper species. They cite Minton (1974) who reported the values for mice to be 0.55 mg/kg IV, 0.80 mg/kg IP and 6.45 mg/kg SC. As a comparison, in one test the minimum lethal dose of venom for a guinea pig was 40–67 mg, but only 1.7 mg was necessary when "Daboia russelii" venom was used. Brown (1973) gives a higher subcutaneous LD50 range of 1.0–4.0 mg/kg. All agree that the venom yield is low: Minton (1974) mentions 10–18 mg for specimens 48 – 62 (cm) in length, while Brown (1973) lists only.

Vipera berus. 6 mg.Relatively speaking, bites from this species are not highly dangerous. In Britain there were only 14 known fatalities between 1876 and 2005—the last a 5-year-old child in 1975—and one nearly fatal bite of a 39-year-old woman in Essex in 1998. An 82-year-old woman died following a bite in Germany in 2004, although it is not clear whether her death was due to the effect of the venom. A 44-year-old British man was left seriously ill after he was bitten by an adder in the Dalby Forest, Yorkshire. Even so, professional medical help should always be sought as soon as.

Vipera berus. a pigeon or chicken on the bite, or jumping over water. Adders were thought to be attracted to hazel trees and repelled by ash trees.Druids believed that large frenzied gatherings of adders occurred in spring, at the centre of which could be found a polished rock called an adder stone or "Glain Neidr" in the Welsh language. These stones were said to have held supernatural powers. Ananjeva NB, Borkin LJ, Darevsky IS, . 1998. ["Amphibians and Reptiles. Encyclopedia of Nature of Russia"]. Moscow: ABF. (in Russian).Arnold EN, Burton JA. 1978. "A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain.

Vipera berus. and Europe". London: Collins. 272 pp. . ("Vipera berus", pp. 217–218 + Plate 39 + Map 122).Boulenger GA. 1896. "Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the...Viperidæ." London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. ("Vipera berus", pp. 476–481)., Goin OB, Zug GR. 1978. "Introduction to Herpetology: Third Edition". San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. xi + 378 pp. . ("Vipera berus", pp. 122, 188, 334).Jan G, . 1874. "Iconographie générale des Ophidiens: Quarante-cinquième Livraison." Paris: Baillière. Index + Plates I.- VI. ("Vipera berus",.

Vipera berus. Plate II, Figure 1; var. "prester", Plate II, Figures 2-4; var. "concolor", Plate II, Figure 5; var. "lymnaea", Plate II, Figure 6). Joger U, Lenk P, , Böhme W, Ziegler T, Heidrich P, Wink M. 1997. The phylogenetic position of "Vipera barani" and of "Vipera nikolskii" within the "Vipera berus" complex. "Herpetologica Bonnensis" 185-194.Linnaeus C. 1758. "Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, diferentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata." Stockholm: L. Salvius. 824 pp. ("Coluber berus", p. 217). Minton SA Jr. 1974. "Venom Diseases". Springfield, Illinois: CC Thomas Publ. 256 pp. .Morris.

Vipera berus. PA. 1948. "Boy's Book of Snakes: How to Recognize and Understand Them". A volume of the Humanizing Science Series, edited by Jacques Cattell. New York: Ronald Press. viii + 185 pp. (The common viper, "Vipera berus", pp. 154–155, 182). Wüster W, Allum CSE, Bjargardottir IB, Bailey KL, Dawson KJ, Guenioui J, Lewis J, McGurk J, Moore AG, Niskanen M, Pollard CP. 2004. Do aposematism and Batesian mimicry require bright colours? A test, using European viper markings. "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London" B 271: 2495–2499. PDF at Wolfgang Wüster, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor. Accessed 15.


Question: What country does this village belong to?

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Cranny. Cranny () is a small village in County Clare, Ireland.## Location.Cranny lies on the banks of the Cloon River, which flows into the estuary of the River Shannon at Clonderlaw Bay.## Facilities.There is a local Gaelic Athletic Association club, Coolmeen GAA, founded in 1887 three years after the association came together. Coolmeen GAA succeeded in the Clare Senior Football Championship in 1919 and 1921, in the Clare Intermediate Football Championship in 1959, 1966 and 1967 and in the Clare Junior A Football Championship in 1958, 1964, 1983 and 1999. The parish also has a national school. The Cranny N.S. is.

Cranny. a co-educational catholic primary school Peadar Clancy List of towns and villages in Ireland.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this animal?

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Wild boar. The wild boar (Sus scrofa), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The species is now one of the widest-ranging mammals in the world, as well as the most widespread suiform. It has been assessed as least concern on the IUCN Red List due to its wide range, high numbers, and adaptability to a diversity of habitats. It has become an invasive species in part of its introduced range. Wild boars.

Wild boar. the tiger and Komodo dragon respectively. The wild boar has a long history of association with humans, having been the ancestor of most domestic pig breeds and a big-game animal for millennia. Boars have also re-hybridized in recent decades with feral pigs; these boar–pig hybrids have become a serious pest wild animal in the Americas and Australia.## Terminology.As true wild boars became extinct in Great Britain before the development of Modern English, the same terms are often used for both true wild boar and pigs, especially large or semi-wild ones. The English "boar" stems from the Old English , which.

Wild boar. is thought to be derived from the West Germanic "bairaz", of unknown origin. Boar is sometimes used specifically to refer to males, and may also be used to refer to male domesticated pigs, especially breeding males that have not been castrated."Sow", the traditional name for a female, again comes from Old English and Germanic; it stems from Proto-Indo-European, and is related to the and Greek "hus", and more closely to the New High German . The young may be called "piglets" or "boarlets".The animals' specific name "scrofa" is Latin for 'sow'.## Hunting.In hunting terminology, boars are given different designations according.

Wild boar. groups, having the smallest relative brain size, more primitive dentition and unspecialised cranial structure.## Domestication.With the exception of domestic pigs in Timor and Papua New Guinea (which appear to be of Sulawesi warty pig stock), the wild boar is the ancestor of most pig breeds. Archaeological evidence suggests that pigs were domesticated from wild boar as early as 13,000–12,700 BCE in the Near East in the Tigris Basin, being managed in the wild in a way similar to the way they are managed by some modern New Guineans. Remains of pigs have been dated to earlier than 11,400 BCE in.

Wild boar. Cyprus. Those animals must have been introduced from the mainland, which suggests domestication in the adjacent mainland by then. There was also a separate domestication in China, which took place about 8,000 years ago.DNA evidence from sub-fossil remains of teeth and jawbones of Neolithic pigs shows that the first domestic pigs in Europe had been brought from the Near East. This stimulated the domestication of local European wild boars, resulting in a third domestication event with the Near Eastern genes dying out in European pig stock. Modern domesticated pigs have involved complex exchanges, with European domesticated lines being exported in.

Wild boar. turn to the ancient Near East. Historical records indicate that Asian pigs were introduced into Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries. Domestic pigs tend to have much more developed hindquarters than their wild boar ancestors, to the point where 70% of their body weight is concentrated in the posterior, which is the opposite of wild boar, where most of the muscles are concentrated on the head and shoulders.## Synonymous species.The Heude's pig ("Sus bucculentus"), also known as the Indochinese warty pig or Vietnam warty pig, was an alleged pig species found in Laos and Vietnam. It was virtually.

Wild boar. the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor that protect against snake venom. Mongooses, honey badgers, hedgehogs, and pigs all have modifications to the receptor pocket which prevents the snake venom α-neurotoxin from binding. These represent four separate, independent mutations.## Social behaviour and life cycle.Boars are typically social animals, living in female-dominated sounders consisting of barren sows and mothers with young led by an old matriarch. Male boars leave their sounder at the age of 8–15 months, while females either remain with their mothers or establish new territories nearby. Subadult males may live in loosely knit groups, while adult and elderly males tend to.

Wild boar. DEFRA) study on wild boar living wild in Britain confirmed the presence of two populations of wild boar living in Britain; one in Kent/East Sussex and another in Dorset.Another DEFRA report, in February 2008, confirmed the existence of these two sites as 'established breeding areas' and identified a third in Gloucestershire/Herefordshire; in the Forest of Dean/Ross on Wye area. A 'new breeding population' was also identified in Devon. There is another significant population in Dumfries and Galloway. Populations estimates were as follows: The largest population, in Kent/East Sussex, was then estimated at 200 animals in the core distribution area. The.

Wild boar. vegetation and wetlands through wallowing, damaging water quality, coming into violent conflict with humans and pets and carrying pig and human diseases including brucellosis, trichinosis and pseudorabies. In some jurisdictions, it is illegal to import, breed, release, possess, sell, distribute, trade, transport, hunt, or trap Eurasian boars. Hunting and trapping is done systematically, to increase the chance of eradication and to remove the incentive to illegally release boars, which have mostly been spread deliberately by sport hunters.## History.While domestic pigs, both captive and feral (popularly termed "razorbacks"), have been in North America since the earliest days of European colonization, pure.

Wild boar. fenced enclosures in a game preserve in Hooper Bald, Graham County. Most of the specimens remained in the preserve for the next decade, until a large-scale hunt caused the remaining animals to break through their confines and escape. Some of the boars migrated to Tennessee, where they intermixed with both free-ranging and feral pigs in the area. In 1924, a dozen Hooper Bald wild pigs were shipped to California and released in a property between Carmel Valley and the Los Padres National Forest. These hybrid boar were later used as breeding stock on various private and public lands throughout the.

Wild boar. centrepiece of most medieval Christmas celebrations among the nobility. Although growing in popularity as a captive-bred source of food, the wild boar takes longer to mature than most domestic pigs and it is usually smaller and produces less meat. Nevertheless, wild boar meat is leaner and healthier than pork, being of higher nutritional value and having a much higher concentration of essential amino acids. Most meat-dressing organizations agree that a boar carcass should yield 50 (kg) of meat on average. Large specimens can yield 15 – 20 (kg) of fat, with some giants yielding 30 (kg) or more. A boar.

Wild boar. steps back, takes position and attacks again if the victim is still moving, only ending once the victim is completely incapacitated.Boar attacks on humans have been documented throughout history. The Romans and Ancient Greeks wrote of these attacks (Odysseus was wounded by a boar and Adonis was killed by one). A 2012 study compiling recorded attacks from 1825 to 2012 found accounts of 665 human victims of both wild boars and feral pigs, with the majority (19%) of attacks in the animal's native range occurring in India. Most of the attacks occurred in rural areas during the winter months in.

Wild boar. harvest techniques, fencing, toxic bait, corrals, and hunting. The most common tactic employed by private land owners in the United States is recreational hunting, however, this is generally not as effective on its own. Management strategies are most successful when they take into account reproduction, dispersion, and the differences between ideal resources for males and females. Babirusa Boar-baiting Domestic pig Feral pig Peccary Indian boar Boars in heraldry Apollonio, M. et al. (1988), "The systematics of the wild boar ("Sus scrofa" L.) in Italy", "Bolletino di Zoologia"a, 3:213–221 Carden, R.F. (2012) "Review of the Natural History of Wild Boar (Sus.

Wild boar. C. B. (2007), "Annotated Bibliography of the Wild Pig (Sus scrofa): Environmental Information Document", Washington Savannah River Company Padiglione, V. (1989), "Il cinghiale cacciatore: Antropologia simbolica della caccia in Sardegna", Armando Editore (collana Antropologia culturale) BBC profile Species Profile- Wild Boar ("Sus scrofa"), National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library. Lists general information and resources for wild boar. A sounder of wild boars Wild pigs with piglets – white piglets with black spots Sow feeding piglets, Lodz (Poland) A wild boar struggling with plastic film, Lodz (Poland.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Andropogon glomeratus. Andropogon glomeratus is a species of grass known by the common names bushy bluestem and bushy beardgrass. This bunchgrass is native to the Americas, where it is widespread. It has also naturalized in other areas.The genus name "Andropogon" comes from the Greek words 'aner' or 'andros' meaning "man" and 'pogon' meaning "beard", in reference to the hairs on the spikelets of certain species in this genus. The specific epithet "glomeratus" means "bunched", in reference to the species' bushy and broom-like inflorescences.## Description.This grass reaches heights approaching two meters (6 feet) and has large, fluffy cream-colored inflorescences. Each dense, tufted inflorescence.

Andropogon glomeratus. has several pairs of hairy spikelets. The leaves may reach over a meter in length and are typically blue-green in the summer and coppery-red in the fall.## Cultivation.This plant does best in moist soils, and is found naturally in areas such as swamps, wet savannas, pine flatwoods, bogs, and fens. It prefers full sun, and is best suited to USDA hardiness zones 5–9.## Uses.It is cultivated as an ornamental grass. This species also has potential as a noxious weed and is easily spread via seed contamination. It is a pest plant in Hawaii, where it has been documented on the.

Andropogon glomeratus. island of Kaua‘i. It has been declared a weed in Puerto Rico and a potentially invasive weed in Mexico.The seeds are eaten by songbirds and small mammals, while the larvae of certain butterflies feed on the plant."Andropogon glomeratus". Grass Manual Treatment."Andropogon glomeratus". Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center."Andropogon glomeratus". Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants. University of Florida IFAS.


Question: What is this plant named after?

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Macadamia. an important source of bushfood for the Aboriginal peoples who are the original inhabitants of the area.The nut was first commercially produced on a wide scale in Hawaii, where Australian seeds were introduced in the 1880s, and for some time they were the world's largest producer. South Africa has been the world's largest producer of the macadamia since the 2010s.## Etymology.The German-Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller gave the genus the name "Macadamia" in 1857 in honour of the Scottish-Australian chemist, medical teacher and politician John Macadam, who was the honorary Secretary of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria beginning in 1857.##.

Macadamia. requires around 2000 N to crack. The shell material is five times harder than hazelnut shells and has mechanical properties similar to aluminum. It has a Vickers hardness of 35.1828Allan Cunningham was the first European to encounter the macadamia plant, in Australia.1857 - 1858German-Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller gave the genus the scientific name "Macadamia". He named it after his friend John Macadam, a noted scientist and secretary of the Philosophical Institute of Australia.1858'Bauple nuts' were discovered in Bauple, Queensland; they are now known as macadamia nuts.Walter Hill, superintendent of the Brisbane Botanic Gardens (Australia), observed a boy eating the.