Question: What is the source that produces this food?

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Sunflower seed. The sunflower seed is the seed of the sunflower ("Helianthus annuus"). There are three types of commonly used sunflower seeds: linoleic (most common), high oleic, and sunflower oil seeds. Each variety has its own unique levels of monounsaturated, saturated, and polyunsaturated fats. The information in this article refers mainly to the linoleic variety.For commercial purposes, sunflower seeds are usually classified by the pattern on their husks. If the husk is solid black, the seeds are called black oil sunflower seeds. The crops may be referred to as oilseed sunflower crops. These seeds are usually pressed to extract their oil. Striped.

Sunflower seed. sunflower seeds are primarily eaten as a snack food; as a result, they may be called confectionery sunflower seeds.The term "sunflower seed" is actually a misnomer when applied to the seed in its pericarp (hull). Botanically speaking, it is a cypsela. When dehulled, the edible remainder is called the sunflower kernel or heart.## Production.In 2020, global production of sunflower seeds was 50 million tonnes, led by Russia and Ukraine with 53% of the world total combined (table). Argentina, China, and Romania also contributed significant volumes.## Usage.Sunflower seeds are more commonly eaten as a snack than as part of a meal.

Sunflower seed. They can also be used as garnishes or ingredients in various recipes. The seeds may be sold as in-shell seeds or dehulled kernels. The seeds can also be sprouted and eaten in salads.When in-shell seeds are processed, they are first dried. Afterwards, they may also be roasted or dusted with salt or flour for the preservation of flavor.Sunflower seeds sold by the bag are either eaten plain, salted (sometimes called 'plain') or with flavoring added by the manufacturer. Flavor examples include barbecue, pickle, hot sauce, bacon, ranch, and nacho cheese.In-shell, sunflower seeds are particularly popular in Mediterranean, Eastern European, and.

Sunflower seed. Asian countries where they can be bought freshly roasted and are commonly consumed as street food, the hull being cracked open with the teeth and spat out, while in many countries, they can be bought freshly packed in various roasted flavors. In the United States, they are commonly eaten by baseball players as an alternative to chewing tobacco.Mechanically dehulled kernels are sold raw or roasted and are sometimes added to bread and other baked goods for their flavor. Sunflower seed brittle is produced by embedding the kernels in hard sugar candy. In Belarus, Russia, Ukraine and Romania, roasted ground seeds.

Sunflower seed. are used to make a type of halva. Sunflower butter is similar to peanut butter, but uses sunflower seeds instead of peanuts, and is a common substitute in schools for children with nut allergies. Sunflower seeds are also used as food for pets and wild birds.## Nutrition.In a 100-gram serving, dried whole sunflower seeds provide 584 calories and are composed of 5% water, 20% carbohydrates, 51% total fat and 21% protein (table). The seeds are a rich source (20% or higher of the Daily Value, DV) of protein (42% DV), dietary fiber (36% DV), many B vitamins (23–129% DV) and.

Sunflower seed. vitamin E (234% DV). The seeds also contain high levels of dietary minerals, including magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, iron and zinc (40–94% DV).Half of a 100-gram serving is fat, mainly monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, principally linoleic acid. Additionally, the seeds contain phytosterols which may contribute toward lower levels of blood cholesterol.## Pressed oil.Over the decades, sunflower oil has become popular worldwide. The oil may be used as is, or may be processed into polyunsaturated margarines. The oil is typically extracted by applying great pressure to the sunflower seeds and collecting the oil. The protein-rich cake remaining after the seeds have been.

Sunflower seed. processed for oil is used as livestock feed.The original sunflower oil (linoleic sunflower oil) is high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (about 68% linoleic acid) and low in saturated fats, such as palmitic acid and stearic acid. However, various hybrids have been developed to alter the fatty acid profile of the crop for various purposes.## Hulls.The hulls, or shells, mostly composed of cellulose, decompose slowly and may be burned as biomass fuel. Sunflower hulls of the cultivated sunflower ("Helianthus annuus") contain allelopathic compounds which are toxic to grasses and the vast majority of cultivated garden plants. Only a small number of.

Sunflower seed. garden plants, such as day lilies, are unaffected by the allelopathic compounds found in sunflower hulls. List of edible seeds David Sunflower Seeds.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this animal?

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Muskrat. The muskrat ("Ondatra zibethicus") is a medium-sized semiaquatic rodent native to North America and an introduced species in parts of Europe, Asia, and South America. The muskrat is found in wetlands over a wide range of climates and habitats. It has important effects on the ecology of wetlands, and is a resource of food and fur for humans.Adult muskrats weigh 0.6 - 2 (kg), with a body length of 20 - 35 (cm). They are covered with short, thick fur of medium to dark brown color. Their long tails, covered with scales rather than hair, are their main means of.

Muskrat. propulsion. Muskrats spend most of their time in the water, and can swim under water for 12 to 17 minutes. They live in families, consisting of a male and female pair and their young. To protect themselves from the cold and from predators, they build nests that are often burrowed into the bank with an underwater entrance. Muskrats feed mostly on cattail and other aquatic vegetation, but also eat small animals."Ondatra zibethicus" is the only species in the genus "Ondatra" and tribe Ondatrini. It is the largest species in the subfamily Arvicolinae, which includes 142 other species of rodents, mostly.

Muskrat. the muskrat uses to mark its territory, and its flattened tail, the name became altered to musk-beaver; later it became "muskrat" due to its resemblance to rats.Similarly, its specific name "zibethicus" means "musky", being the adjective of "zibethus" "civet musk; civet". The genus name comes from the Huron word for the animal, "ondathra", and entered New Latin as "Ondatra" via French.## Description.An adult muskrat is about 40 - 70 (cm) long, half of that length being the tail, and weighs 0.6 - 2 (kg). That is about four times the weight of the brown rat ("Rattus norvegicus"), though an adult.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Andropogon glomeratus. Andropogon glomeratus is a species of grass known by the common names bushy bluestem and bushy beardgrass. This bunchgrass is native to the Americas, where it is widespread. It has also naturalized in other areas.The genus name "Andropogon" comes from the Greek words 'aner' or 'andros' meaning "man" and 'pogon' meaning "beard", in reference to the hairs on the spikelets of certain species in this genus. The specific epithet "glomeratus" means "bunched", in reference to the species' bushy and broom-like inflorescences.## Description.This grass reaches heights approaching two meters (6 feet) and has large, fluffy cream-colored inflorescences. Each dense, tufted inflorescence.

Andropogon glomeratus. has several pairs of hairy spikelets. The leaves may reach over a meter in length and are typically blue-green in the summer and coppery-red in the fall.## Cultivation.This plant does best in moist soils, and is found naturally in areas such as swamps, wet savannas, pine flatwoods, bogs, and fens. It prefers full sun, and is best suited to USDA hardiness zones 5–9.## Uses.It is cultivated as an ornamental grass. This species also has potential as a noxious weed and is easily spread via seed contamination. It is a pest plant in Hawaii, where it has been documented on the.

Andropogon glomeratus. island of Kaua‘i. It has been declared a weed in Puerto Rico and a potentially invasive weed in Mexico.The seeds are eaten by songbirds and small mammals, while the larvae of certain butterflies feed on the plant."Andropogon glomeratus". Grass Manual Treatment."Andropogon glomeratus". Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center."Andropogon glomeratus". Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants. University of Florida IFAS.


Question: Which city or region does this building locate in?

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Monument to the Great Fire of London. west side of the base displays a sculpture, by Caius Gabriel Cibber, in alto and bas relief, of the destruction of the City; with Charles II and his brother, James, the Duke of York (later King James II), surrounded by liberty, architecture, and science, giving directions for its restoration.It gives its name to the nearby London Underground station, Monument.## History.The first Rebuilding Act, passed in 1669, stipulated that "the better to preserve the memory of this dreadful visitation", a column of either brass or stone should be set up on Fish Street Hill, on or near the site of Farynor's.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. bakery, where the fire began. Christopher Wren, as surveyor-general of the King's Works, was asked to submit a design. Wren worked with Robert Hooke on the design. It is impossible to know the extent of the collaboration between Hooke and Wren, but Hooke's drawings of possible designs for the column still exist, with Wren's signature on them indicating his approval of the drawings rather than their authorship. It was not until 1671 that the City Council approved the design, and it took six years to complete the 202 (ft) column. It was two more years before the inscription (which had.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. hanging down the shaft of the stairwell, they were able to detect deformation at less than 9 parts per billion—equivalent to a one-degree twist over the length of the 50 (metre) wire.## Panoramic camera system.During the 2007–2009 refurbishment, a 360-degree panoramic camera was installed on top of the Monument. Updated every minute and running 24 hours a day, it provides a record of weather, building and ground activity in the City.## Monument Square.The Monument stands in Monument Square, formerly known as Monument Yard which was merged into Monument Street in 1911, created as part of the pedestrianisation of Monument Street.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. 'London’s Standard: Christopher Wren and the Heraldry of the Monument’, in "RES: Journal of Anthropology and Aesthetics", vol.73/74, Autumn 2020, pp. 325–39 Hart, V., "Christopher Wren: In Search of Eastern Antiquity" (Yale University Press, 2020) Jardine, L., "On a Grander Scale: The Outstanding Career of Sir Christopher Wren" ( hardback, paperback) Official Monument website City of London Monument pageHistory of The Monument with some account of the great fire of London, which it commemorates (1921), by Charles Welch3D photoscan of the base or the Monument showing Latin inscription.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

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Mountain chickadee. The mountain chickadee ("Poecile gambeli") is a small songbird, a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae.## Taxonomy.The specific name honors naturalist William Gambel. The mountain chickadee was formerly placed in the genus "Parus" with most other tits, but mtDNA cytochrome "b" sequence data and morphology suggest that separating "Poecile" more adequately expresses these birds' relationships. Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the mountain chickadee is sister to the black-capped chickadee ("Poecile atricapillus").## Description.Adults of both sexes have a black cap joining a black postocular stripe behind distinctive white eyebrows. Their backs and flanks are gray and they have paler.

Mountain chickadee. gray underparts; they have a short black bill, and a black bib. The typical adult wingspan is 7.5 (in), and the overall length is 5 - 6 (in). The Mountain Chickadee is one of 55 species of Chickadees and Tits. The mountain chickadee can be distinguished from other North American chickadees because mountain chickadees have a solid black-cap, whereas all other North American chickadees are marked with a white line through the side of their black cap. Another difference between the mountain chickadee and the 55 other species of chickadees is their location, range, and habitat.## Distribution and habitat.Common inhabitants.

Mountain chickadee. of the mountainous regions of the western United States, their range extends from the southern Yukon to California and Rocky Mountain States in the United States. A few mountain chickadees may migrate locally up the mountains in the summer and down into the mountain foothills in the winter; but this phenomenon is not well documented.## Breeding.They breed monogamously, producing 1 to 2 broods per year. In each brood, the average clutch size is 5 to 9 eggs. The eggs are white, but are speckled with a terracotta color. Occasionally, the Mountain Chickadee will lay an egg without any terracotta color.

Mountain chickadee. Incubation by the female is 14 days. The young are altricial, and stay in the nest for 21 days while being fed by both parents.## Nesting.Mountain Chickadees build their nests in cavities. It is common to find nests of Mountain Chickadees in wood, but since they cannot burrow into wood that is not softened, they also build their nests into pockets that are either naturally occurring or previously made by another species. Inside of the nest, the female Mountain Chickadee builds a seal for the entry from resources she gathers, such as fur. This functions as protection for her newly.

Mountain chickadee. laid eggs when she leaves the nest. She also may use these resources to build insulation for her nest if the crevice is large. The average depth for a Mountain Chickadee nest falls between 13 to 27 centimeters. Mountain chickadees also may use a nest for multiple years. Mountain chickadee populations are often limited to certain locations which have good nesting sites and many cavities for inhabiting.## Diet.Their primary diet is insects during the summer and breeding season; conifer seeds and other plant seeds are taken throughout the year. They cling to the undersides of branches and to tree trunks,.

Mountain chickadee. searching for food in the bark or breaking seeds open by hammering them with their beaks. Mountain chickadees also eat a wide variety of insects. These insects include caterpillars, beetles, insect eggs, pupae, and spiders. They spend most of their daylight hours scavenging for food and feeding. Their diet is best categorized as omnivorous, with only 30 percent of their food being plants and the rest insects. Due to their insect-rich diet, Mountain Chickadees help to manage and control insect populations.## Vocalization.Their call is a throaty "chick-adee-dee-dee", while their song is a 3- or 4-note descending whistle "fee-bee-bay" or "fee-bee-fee-bee".

Mountain chickadee. Their song sounds like it is whistling the word "Cheeseburger".They travel in pairs or small groups, and may join multi-species feeding flocks after breeding season. When mountain chickadees are choosing a male to mate with, they tend to mate with the more dominant male. Males with a loud call and a large body tend to be chosen by females over quieter and smaller males. This makes the mountain chickadee’s callings and songs a very important factor in their reproduction.## Behavior.The mountain chickadee’s behavior is pretty similar to other chickadee species. They are fast and agile birds that hop through twigs.

Mountain chickadee. while looking for insects and seeds. When summer is coming to an end, the mountain chickadees group together with a couple adult birds and some young birds in each grouping. The young birds usually spend the summer on their own, but as winter comes around they meet up with the older birds. Recent studies have indicated that in mixed flocks, black-capped chickadees become dominant over mountain chickadees. They are also very active birds. They can be found grasping to small twigs, and often hang upside down. Mountain chickadee - "Poecile gambeli" - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter Mountain chickadee Species.

Mountain chickadee. Account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology.


Question: Which maintenance method is used for this place?

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Road. a road for the environment in order to extend its longevity and reduce maintenance. The Shell pavement design method is used in many countries for the design of new asphalt roadsides.Adverse camber: Where a road slopes towards the outside of a bend, increasing the likelihood that vehicles travelling at speed will skid or topple. Usually only a temporary situation during road maintenance.Alignment: The route of the road, defined as a series of horizontal tangents and curves.All-weather road: Unpaved road that is constructed of a material that does not create mud during rainfall.Banked turnBelisha Beacon: An orange globe, lit at night,.

Road. drivers pay an average of $746/year on vehicle repairs while the average US motorist pays about $335/year. In contrast, the average motorist pays about $171/year in road maintenance taxes (based on 600 gallons/year and $0.285/gallon tax).## Slab stabilization.Distress and serviceability loss on concrete roads can be caused by loss of support due to voids beneath the concrete pavement slabs. The voids usually occur near cracks or joints due to surface water infiltration. The most common causes of voids are pumping, consolidation, subgrade failure and bridge approach failure. Slab stabilization is a non-destructive method of solving this problem and is usually.


Question: What is this place dedicated to?

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Arch of Hadrian (Jerash). The Arch of Hadrian is an ancient Roman structure in Jerash, Jordan. It is an 11-metre high triple-arched gateway erected to honor the visit of Roman Emperor Hadrian to the city (then called Gerasa) in the winter of 129–130. The arch originally stood to almost 22 m and probably had wooden doors. It features some unconventional, possibly Nabataean, architectural features, such as acanthus bases. The columns are decorated with capitals at the bottom rather than the top. The monument served both as a commemorative arch and as an approach to Gerasa. The Arch's relative remoteness from the city walls points.

Arch of Hadrian (Jerash). to a plan for southward expansion of Gerasa during its heyday. The expansion, however, has not been implemented.## Description.In 2005, the arch was under restoration. Reconstruction was completed in 2007 and the arch is now roughly 21 meters high (about 36 feet), 37.45 meters long, and 9.25 meters wide. Each face of the arch has four engaged columns standing on pedestals and bases. Each pedestal is 2.20 meters high, 2.25 meters wide and 1.20 meters deep. The base of each column is topped by a row of acanthus leaves.There are three vaulted passageways on the lower level and each of.

Arch of Hadrian (Jerash). these is flanked by two columns with Corinthian capitals. The two flanked archways are topped with niches. Each niche is on top of a small entablature, which stands on two pilasters crowned with capitals.The arch was crowned with an attic, which might have held a dedicatory inscription. The lower part of the attic was decorated with a frieze of acanthus leaves and the central part was crowned with a triangular cornice.## Inscription.There was a marble "tabula ansata" panel that was 1.03 meters in height and 7.14 meters in width, with letters 12–13 cm tall.List of Roman triumphal archesArch of Hadrian.


Question: What country does this facility belong to?

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Roue de Paris. The Roue de Paris is a 60 (m) tall transportable Ferris wheel, originally installed on the Place de la Concorde in Paris, France, for the 2000 millennium celebrations. It left Paris in 2002 and has since then seen service at numerous other locations around the world.It is a Ronald Bussink series R60 wheel and needs no permanent foundations, instead 40000 (l) (40 tonnes) of water ballast provide a stable base. It weighs 365 tonnes.Due to its transportable design, it can be erected in 72 hours and dismantled in 60 hours by a specialist team. Transport requires seven 20 (ft) container.

Roue de Paris. lorries, ten open trailer lorries, and one closed trailer lorry.The forty-two gondolas can be loaded either three or six at a time, and each can accommodate eight passengers. 2000–02: Place de la Concorde, Paris, France. (). 2003–04: following its initial installation in France, the Roue de Paris was moved to Birmingham, England, where it was known as the Wheel of Birmingham. For Christmas 2004, it was moved to Exchange Square, Manchester, where it was known as the Wheel of Manchester. 2005: first the wheel went to the Netherlands, making a short visit to the World Town Fair in Geleen, followed.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this bird?

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Ovenbird. The ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) is a small songbird of the New World warbler family (Parulidae). This migratory bird breeds in eastern North America and winters in Central America, many Caribbean islands, Florida and northern Venezuela.## Taxonomy.The genus Seiurus is currently treated as monotypic, containing only the ovenbird; it is genetically distinct from all other species in the family Parulidae, probably the first genus to evolve separately from the rest of the family.Before the recent genetic studies were carried out, the waterthrushes were also included in "Seiurus"; these are now treated separately in the genus "Parkesia" as they are not very.

Ovenbird. closely related to the ovenbird.The species name "aurocapilla" is a noun phrase, so the original spelling is retained, not changed according to the gender of the genus name; Linnaeus originally named it "Motacilla aurocapilla", and the ending is not changed to -"us" as commonly cited in the past. Etymologically "aurocapilla" comes from Latin and means "golden haired" and "Seiurus" is from Ancient Greek "seiō", "to shake", and "oura", "tail".## Description.Ovenbirds are large wood warblers and may sometimes be confused by the untrained for a thrush. Adults measure 11 - 16 (cm) long and span 19 - 26 (cm) across the.

Ovenbird. by Robert Frost, "The Oven Bird", published in his poetry collection "Mountain Interval" in 1916. Robert Bly also makes reference to "the nimble oven bird" in his short poem "The Slim Fir Seeds". Ovenbird Species Account – Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ovenbird – "Seiurus aurocapillus" – USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter Ovenbird info If you would like more facts about the Ovenbird click here.


Question: What country does this facility belong to?

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Brühl's Terrace. Brühl's Terrace () is a historic architectural ensemble in Dresden, Germany. Nicknamed "The Balcony of Europe", the terrace stretches high above the shore of the river Elbe. Located north of the recently rebuilt Neumarkt Square and the Frauenkirche, is one of the favourite inner-city places of both locals and tourists for walking, people watching, and having a coffee.## History and character.The present-day terrace was part of the city's fortifications, rebuilt upon the 1546/47 Schmalkaldic War at the behest of Elector Maurice of Saxony and his successors Augustus and Christian. The name Brühl's Terrace is a reference to Count Heinrich von.

Brühl's Terrace. Brühl, Minister of Elector Frederick Augustus II, who from 1737 had a city palace with a gallery, a library and adjacent gardens built on the location. In 1747 the whole terrace was given to him by the Saxon elector as a gift for the innovative introduction of a betterment tax. After the Saxon defeat at the Battle of Leipzig and the occupation by Russian troops, military governor Prince Nikolai Grigorjevich Repnin-Volkonski ordered the opening to the public in 1814. He charged the architect Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer with the building of a flight of stairs at the western end to reach.

Brühl's Terrace. the terrace from Castle Square and Augustus Bridge. The Brühl Palace was demolished in the course of the building of the Saxon "Ständehaus" in 1900.The ensemble was totally destroyed in February 1945 when the city centre was heavily hit by the Allied Bombing of Dresden during the end phase of World War II. Today, it has been rebuilt; the precise amount restored is difficult to say as a percentage, but in general one can say the emsemble looks very much the same today as it did in the past.Today, Brühl's Terrace is again one of the main city landmarks besides.

Brühl's Terrace. the Frauenkirche (Church of our Lady), Dresden Castle, the Hofkirche and buildings on Theatre Square such as the Zwinger and the Semperoper, which are all located in the vicinity. At the "Bärenzwinger" students' club near the monument for Johann Friedrich Böttger, one can see a fingerprint in a guard rail of the terrace garden. This dactylogram is said to be proof of the strength of Augustus the Strong, who is said to have left the mark - but is only one of many myths surrounding August, such as the legend that he fathered 365 children.## Architectural parts of the terrace.Most.

Brühl's Terrace. people enter the terrace from the Schlossplatz (Castle Square) on the west end of the terrace. Besides Saxony's Supreme Court a staircase with four sculptures ("The Four Times of Day") leads from the Schlossplatz (Castle Square) up to Brühl's Terrace. One of the next buildings to the right is the Academy of Fine Arts. There is an ensemble of important buildings, such as the Albertinum. Sächsisches Ständehaus by Paul Wallot Sekundogenitur Academy of Fine Arts Jungfernbastei (Belvederehügel) Moritzmonument Bärenzwinger basement vault Hofgärtnerhaus Albertinum Delphinbrunnen Staircase by Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer Ludwig Richter Ernst Rietschel by Johannes Schilling Gottfried Semper by Johannes.

Brühl's Terrace. Schilling Johann Friedrich Böttger The "Four Times of the Day" group ("Vier Tageszeiten") by Johannes Schilling## The balconies of Europe and of Dresden.Brühl's Terrace is known as the "Balcony of Europe", a name which was first thought up and used at the beginning of the 19th century and which since then has been used in all kinds of literature.The name "Balcony of Dresden", on the other hand, is more regionally used for a tower six kilometers further to the East on a slope by the Elbe in Loschwitz, an area known for expensive living. Dresden wiki.


Question: What is the conservation status of this insect? (The status is assigned by the international union for conservation of nature. Choose one among Endangered,Least Concern,Critically Endangered,extinct species,extinct in the wild,Vulnerable,Near Threatened,Data Deficient).

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

Argia sedula. Argia sedula, the blue-ringed dancer, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Central America and North America.The IUCN conservation status of "Argia sedula" is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the survival of the species. The population is stable.


Question: What is the conservation status of this bird? (The status is assigned by the international union for conservation of nature. Choose one among Endangered,Least Concern,Critically Endangered,extinct species,extinct in the wild,Vulnerable,Near Threatened,Data Deficient).

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Rusty blackbird. uplisted from a species of Least Concern to Vulnerable status on the 2007 IUCN Red List. Deliberate poisoning of mixed-species blackbird flocks, targeting brown-headed cowbird, common grackle and red-winged blackbird, in the southeastern U.S. may also be playing a role; there is currently no estimate of the number of rusty blackbirds killed by these poisonings. In the eastern part of its range, acid rain may be decreasing the availability of calcium-rich invertebrates that the rusty blackbird depends on for food.Additionally, citizen science projects such as the North American Breeding Bird Survey and Christmas Bird Count have determined that rusty blackbirds.


Question: What country does this building belong to?

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Klevan Castle. Klevan Castle (Клеванський замок) is one of the oldest forts in Volynia, Ukraine. It was built in the mid-15th century by Prince Michael Czartoryski in order to control a ford over the Stubla River. Klevan was the main seat of the Orthodox princely house of Chortoryisk until its members converted to Catholicism in the 17th century. After that the castle was given to a Jesuit school. After the partitions of Poland the castle was confiscated by the Habsburgs, and stood untenanted. Its western wall was pulled down in the 19th century. The remaining portions include two towers, three fortified buildings,.


Question: Which place is this animal endemic to?

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Tiger snake. Tiger snakes ("Notechis scutatus") are a large and highly venomous snake of southern Australia, including its coastal islands and Tasmania. These snakes are often observed and locally well known by their banding, black and yellow like a tiger, although the species can be highly variable in coloration and patterning. All populations are classified within the genus Notechis (Elapidae). Their diverse characteristics have been classified either as distinct species or by subspecies and regional variation.While tiger snakes are usually ground-dwelling, they are able to swim as well as climb into trees and buildings.## Taxonomy.The genus "Notechis" is allied to the elapid.

Tiger snake. family, venomous snakes with fixed front fangs. The classification of this genus is given as a single and highly variable species, "Notechis scutatus", or a second species "Notechis ater", and by an arrangement of subspecies or regional morphs.A 2016 genetic analysis showed that the closest relative of the tiger snakes is the rough-scaled snake ("Tropidechis carinatus").The two extensively recognized species of this genus are "Notechis scutatus" (Peters, 1861) and "Notechis ater" (Krefft, 1866), which show further variety in their characteristics. Several authors have published revisions or described subspecies of these species. Others consider the names contained by this taxonomic arrangement.

Tiger snake. to be unwarranted, and describe "Notechis" as a monotypic genus. Various authorities accept some or all the systematics previously applied, but most agree a revision of the genus is needed. Names for these subdivisions include the western types, appended to both species names as "occidentalis" (Glauert 1948) The island groups have also been described as subspecies: Chappell Island tiger snake as "N. ater serventyi" (Warrell, 1963), King Island and Tasmanian tiger snakes subspecies as "N. ater humphreysi", (Warrell, 1963) and the Peninsula tiger snake as "N. ater niger" (Kinghorn 1921).Island populations of "N. scutatus" have evolved larger heads to cope.

Tiger snake. with large prey animals. Young populations have larger heads by phenotypic plasticity, whereas large heads have become genetically assimilated in older populations."* Not including the nominate subspecies (typical form)."## Description."Notechis" is a genus of large venomous snakes in the family Elapidae restricted to subtropical and temperate regions of Australia. Tiger snakes are a large group of distinct populations, which may be isolated or overlapping, with extreme variance in size and colour. Individuals also show seasonal variation in colour. The total length is typically about 1.2 (m) The patterning is darker bands, strongly contrasting or indistinct, which are pale to very.

Tiger snake. the neck. Ventral scales number 140 to 190, subcaudals 35 to 65, mid-body in 17 or 19 rows and the anal scale is single.The western tiger snake head is distinct from its robust body, and grows to 2 (m) in length. Dorsally, it is steel-blue to black in color with bright yellow bands; unbanded specimens occur. The ventral surface is yellow, tending black towards the tail. Midbody scales are in 17 or 19 rows, ventrals number 140 to 165, subcaudals 36 to 51 (single) and the anal scale is single (rarely divided).The Chappell Island tiger snake has a blunt head.

Tiger snake. distinct from a robust body. The giant of the tiger snakes species, it averages 1.9 m (over 6 ft) in length. Dorsally, its colour is olive-brown to almost black, sometimes with lighter crossbands. The ventral surface is usually lighter in colour. Juveniles are banded. Mid-body scales are in 17 rows; ventrals number 160 to 171, subcaudals 47 to 52 (single), and the anal scale is single. These snakes are quite docile.The King Island and Tasmanian tiger snakes each have a blunt head distinct from a robust body. Younger snakes may be slimmer and similar to other tiger snakes, eventually growing.

Tiger snake. up to 1.5 (m) in length. Dorsally, they may be jet black, jet black with lighter crossbands, grey with black flecks forming faint bands, or an unbanded grey or brown. The ventral surface is usually a lighter colour. Midbody scales are in 19, 17 or sometimes 15 rows, ventrals number 161 to 174, subcaudals 48 to 52 (single) and the anal scale is single. Tasmanian tiger snakes tend to be quiet snakes, probably due to the lower temperature ranges they inhabit.The Peninsula tiger snake has a blunt head distinct from a robust body; it averages 1.1 (m) in length. Roxby.

Tiger snake. Island specimens are much smaller, averaging 0.86 (m) in length. Dorsally, it is generally jet black, sometimes with white or cream markings around the lips and chin. On Kangaroo Island, specimens are highly variable in colour, often exhibiting banding and uniform brown colours. The ventral surface is dark grey to black, with some specimens on Kangaroo Island even possessing red bellies. The ventral surface becomes much lighter prior to shedding. Juveniles nearly always have banding. Midbody scales are in 17, 18, 19 and rarely 21 rows, ventrals number 160 to 184, subcaudals 45 to 54 (single) and the anal scale.

Tiger snake. is single.The subspecies "Notechis ater ater", found away from mainland Australia, is typically uniformly black.As with most snakes, the colours vary widely between individuals and are an unreliable means of identifying subspecies. Accurate identification is best performed with a venom test kit or scale count.## Reproduction.Tiger snakes give birth to 20 to 30 live young; an exceptional record was made of 64 from an eastern female.They usually mate in spring when it is in the warmer seasons and will give birth to live young in summer.## Habitat.Tiger snakes are usually found in coastal regions, where they favour wetlands, creeks, dams,.

Tiger snake. and other habitat around watercourses, or at shelter near permanent sources of water in pastoral areas. Habitat providing an abundance of prey can support large populations. The species' distribution extends from the south of Western Australia through to South Australia, Tasmania, up through Victoria, and New South Wales. Its common habitat includes the coastal areas of Australia.## Venom.Tiger snakes accounted for 17% of identified snakebite victims in Australia between 2005 and 2015, with four deaths recorded from 119 confirmed envenomations.Tiger snake venoms possess potent neurotoxins, coagulants, haemolysins, and myotoxins. Symptoms of a bite include localized pain in the foot and.

Tiger snake. neck region, tingling, numbness, and sweating, followed by a fairly rapid onset of breathing difficulties and paralysis. In a study, the mortality rate from untreated bites is reported to be between 40 and 60%.Treatment is the same for all Australian venomous snakes. The pressure immobilization method is used to inhibit the flow of venom through the lymphatic system. Broad, thick bandages are applied over the bite, then down and back along the limb to the armpit or groin. The affected limb is then immobilized with a splint. Identification of the venom is possible if traces are left near the wound.

Tiger snake. Identifying the snake is not necessary if bitten in Tasmania, because the same antivenom is used to treat all Tasmanian snakes' bites. The availability of antivenom has greatly reduced the incidence of fatal tiger snake bites. Among the number of deaths caused by snakebite in Australia, those from tiger snakes are exceeded only by the brown snake. The venom yield is 35-65 mg, while the lethal dose for humans is 3 mg.## Conservation.In most Australian states, they are protected species, and to kill or injure one incurs a fine up to $7,500, as well as a jail sentence of 18.

Tiger snake. months in some states. It is also illegal to export a native Australian snake.Information on bites from survivaliq.comInformation on the genus from snakeshow.netMainland Tiger Snake - Australian Reptile ParkIntegrated Taxonomic Information System - Notechis.


Question: Who designed this facility?

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Battersea Power Station. Battersea Power Station is a decommissioned Grade II* listed coal-fired power station, located on the south bank of the River Thames, in Nine Elms, Battersea, in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It was built by the London Power Company (LPC) to the design of Leonard Pearce, Engineer in Chief to the LPC, and CS Allott & Son Engineers. The architects were J. Theo Halliday and Giles Gilbert Scott. The station is one of the world's largest brick buildings and notable for its original, Art Deco interior fittings and decor.The building comprises two power stations, built in two stages, in a.

Battersea Power Station. day at 11 am.## Design and specification.Both of the stations were designed by a team of architects and engineers. The team was headed by Dr. Leonard Pearce, the chief engineer of the London Power Company, but a number of other notable engineers were also involved, including Henry Newmarch Allott, and T. P. O'Sullivan who was later responsible for the Assembly Hall at Filton. J. Theo Halliday was employed as architect, with Halliday & Agate Co. employed as a sub-consultant. Halliday was responsible for the supervision and execution of the appearance of the exterior and interior of the building. Architect Sir.


Question: Who is the creator of this building?

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Medici Fountain. the wall of the Orangerie, against which the fountain was placed, was crumbling.In 1811, at the instructions of Napoleon Bonaparte, the grotto was restored by the neoclassical architect Jean Chalgrin, the architect of the Arc de Triomphe, who replaced the simple water fountain in the niche of the grotto with two streams of water, and added a white marble statue representing Venus in her bath.In 1864, during the Second French Empire, Baron Haussmann planned to build the rue de Medicis through the space occupied by the fountain. The lateral arcades of the fountain and the crumbling old orangerie behind it.

Medici Fountain. had already been torn down in 1855. From 1858 to 1864, The new architect, Alphonse de Gisors, moved the fountain thirty meters to make room for the street, and radically changed its setting and appearance. Since the fountain no longer stood against a wall, the Fontaine de Léda, displaced from another neighborhood, was placed directly behind it. (See the Fountain of Leda, below.) He replaced the two original statues of nymphs at the top of the statue with two new statues, representing the Rivers Rhone and Seine. He restored the coat of arms of the Medici family over the fountain,.

Medici Fountain. which had been defaced during the Revolution. He inserted two statues into the niches, one representing a faun and the other a huntress, above which are two masks, one representing comedy and the other tragedy. He removed the simple basin and water spout which had been in the niche and replaced them with a long tree-shaded basin. Finally, he removed the statue of Venus and replaced her with a group of statues by Auguste Ottin, representing the giant Polyphemus, in bronze, discovering the lovers Acis and Galatea, in white marble. The fountain was completely cleaned during the summer of 2021,.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Castilleja purpurea. Castilleja purpurea, known as downy Indian paintbrush, is a wildflower native to Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri. The flowers of various subspecies display a wide variety of forms and colors. Blooms may be white, pale yellow, peach, or tinged with pink and the foliage may be green or purple.


Question: What is the length of the incubation period (in day) of this bird's egg?

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Red-legged honeycreeper. c. tobagensis" Hellmayr & Seilern, 1914 – Tobago "C. c. cyaneus" (Linnaeus, 1766) – Trinidad, east Venezuela, the Guianas and north Brazil "C. c. dispar" Zimmer, JT, 1942 – southeast Colombia and southwest Venezuela to northeast Peru "C. c. violaceus" Zimmer, JT, 1942 – southeast Peru and west Brazil to central Bolivia "C. c. brevipes" (Cabanis, 1851) – central Brazil "C. c. holti" Parkes, 1977 – east Brazil## Description.The red-legged honeycreeper is on average 12.2 (cm) long, weighs 14 (g) and has a medium-long black, slightly decurved, bill. The male is violet-blue with black wings, tail and back, and bright.

Red-legged honeycreeper. a shrub or tree several meters above the ground. The cup-shaped nest has thin side walls and is formed of stiff fibres. It is attached to the supporting twigs with cobwebs. The clutch consists of two eggs that are laid in early morning on consecutive days. They are 13.4 x 19.1 (mm) in size and have a white background with brown speckles forming a ring around the larger end. The female incubates the eggs for 12 or 13 days. When they first hatch the nestlings have their eyes closed and are covered with tuffs of grey down. They are brooded.


Question: What is the spore print color of this plant?

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Morchella esculenta. pale brownish cream, yellow to tan or pale brown to grayish brown. The edges of the ridges are usually lighter than the pits, and somewhat oval in outline, sometimes bluntly cone-shaped with a rounded top or more elongate. Caps are hollow, attached to the stem at the lower edge, and typically about 2 – 7 (cm) broad by 2 – 10 (cm) tall. The flesh is brittle. The stem is white to pallid or pale yellow, hollow, and straight or with a club-shaped or bulbous base. It is finely granular overall, somewhat ridged, generally about 2 – 9 (cm) long.

Morchella esculenta. by 2 – 5 (cm) thick. In age it may have brownish stains near the base. It has a passing resemblance to the common stinkhorn ("Phallus impudicus"), for which it is sometimes mistaken. Yellow morels are often found near wooded areas. Centipedes sometimes make their home inside these morels; infested morels usually have a hole in the top.## Microscopic characteristics.The spores range from white to cream to slightly yellow in deposit, although a spore print may be difficult to obtain given the shape of the fruit body. The spores are formed in asci lining the pits—the ridges are sterile. They.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this insect?

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Common green bottle fly. The common green bottle fly ("Lucilia sericata") is a blowfly found in most areas of the world and is the most well-known of the numerous green bottle fly species. Its body is 10-14 (mm) in length – slightly larger than a house fly – and has brilliant, metallic, blue-green or golden coloration with black markings. It has short, sparse, black bristles (setae) and three cross-grooves on the thorax. The wings are clear with light brown veins, and the legs and antennae are black. The larvae of the fly may be used for maggot therapy, are commonly used in forensic entomology,.

Common green bottle fly. of legs. Also, when looking at the occipital setae," L. sericata" has one to nine bristles on each side, while "L. cuprina" has three or less. Additionally, the eyes of "L. sericata" are smaller, with the frontal stripe also being thinner than the ones of "L. cuprina".## Distribution and habitat."Lucilia sericata" is common all over the temperate and tropical regions of the planet, including Europe, Africa, and Australia. It prefers warm and moist climates, so is especially common in coastal regions, but can also be found in arid areas. The female lays her eggs in carrion of all kinds, sometimes.

Common green bottle fly. but specifically for the pollen offered by the flower (in the case of myophilous flowers).## Parental care."Lucilia sericata" females lay their eggs on fresh carrion, avoiding older carrion because it can be detrimental to offspring (possibly due to bacterial activity or other factors). Like many blowflies, females of "L. sericata" perform aggregated oviposition, laying their egg masses in carcasses in which other flies are also ovipositing. The presence of female flies eating or ovipositing on a carcass may attract other female flies to do the same, perhaps through chemical cues. Females exhibit preference for certain oviposition conditions over others; they.

Common green bottle fly. to cut into the benefits of heat and collective digestion, larval masses can "decide" to split in two and move to separate areas of a cadaver. These collective larval decisions (and indeed the formation of larval masses themselves) are the result of chemical cues that larvae leave behind them as they crawl along the carrion, which other larvae are predisposed to follow; the result is that the more larvae are in a particular area, the more other larvae will join them.## Importance to humans.## Forensic importance."Lucilia sericata" is an important species to forensic entomologists. Like most calliphorids, "L. sericata" has.

Common green bottle fly. to 16 weeks. Chemical treatment is not ideal, though it can be very effective, because it is costly, tedious, and time consuming.## Medical importance."Lucilia sericata" has been of medical importance since 1826, when Meigen removed larvae from the eyes and facial cavities of a human patient. "L. sericata" has shown promise in three separate clinical approaches. First, larvae have been shown to debride wounds with extremely low probability of myiasis upon clinical application. Larval secretions have been shown to help in tissue regeneration. "L. sericata" has also been shown to lower bacteremia levels in patients infected with methicillin-resistant "Staphylococcus aureus.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

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Hoatzin. The hoatzin ( ) or hoactzin ( ; "Opisthocomus hoazin"), is the only species in the order Opisthocomiformes. It is a species of tropical bird found in swamps, riparian forests, and mangroves of the Amazon and the Orinoco basins in South America. It is notable for having chicks that have claws on two of their wing digits.It is the only member of the genus Opisthocomus (Ancient Greek: "long hair behind", referring to its large crest). This is the only extant genus in the family Opisthocomidae. The taxonomic position of this family has been greatly debated by specialists, and is still.


Question: Who occupies this building?

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30 St Mary Axe. 30 St Mary Axe (previously known as the Swiss Re Building and informally known as the Gherkin) is a commercial skyscraper in London's primary financial district, the City of London. It was completed in December 2003 and opened in April 2004. With 41 floors, it is 180 (m) tall and stands on the sites of the former Baltic Exchange and Chamber of Shipping, which were extensively damaged in 1992 in the Baltic Exchange bombing by a device placed by the Provisional IRA in St Mary Axe, a narrow street leading north from Leadenhall Street.After plans to build the 92-storey Millennium.

30 St Mary Axe. Barclays' former city headquarters in Lombard Street, the idea was that the passer-by in neighbouring streets would be nearly oblivious to the tower's existence until directly underneath it.## Design and construction.The building was constructed by Skanska, completed in December 2003 and opened on 28 April 2004. The primary occupant of the building is Swiss Re, a global reinsurance company, which had the building commissioned as the head office for its UK operation. The tower is thus sometimes known as the Swiss Re Building, although this name has never been official and was never in popular usage anyway, unlike the Gherkin.

30 St Mary Axe. "Johnny Mackintosh and the Spirit of London".In September 2006, the building was put up for sale with a price tag of £600 million. Potential buyers included British Land, Land Securities, Prudential, ING, and the Abu Dhabi royal family. On 21 February 2007, IVG Immobilien AG and UK investment firm Evans Randall completed their joint purchase of the building for £630 million, making it Britain's most expensive office building. Swiss Re made a gain of more than £300 million from the sale. The new owners are seeking compensation from four of their former managers on the deal, in which about £620.


Question: Who is the architect of this building?

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Monument to the Great Fire of London. Margaret, New Fish Street, the first church to be destroyed by the Great Fire. It is Grade I-listed and is a scheduled monument. Another monument, the Golden Boy of Pye Corner, marks the point near Smithfield where the fire was stopped.The Monument comprises a Doric column built of Portland stone topped with a gilded urn of fire. It was designed by Christopher Wren and Robert Hooke. Its height marks its distance from the site of the shop of Thomas Farriner (or Farynor), the king's baker, where the blaze began.The viewing platform near the top of the Monument is reached by.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. bakery, where the fire began. Christopher Wren, as surveyor-general of the King's Works, was asked to submit a design. Wren worked with Robert Hooke on the design. It is impossible to know the extent of the collaboration between Hooke and Wren, but Hooke's drawings of possible designs for the column still exist, with Wren's signature on them indicating his approval of the drawings rather than their authorship. It was not until 1671 that the City Council approved the design, and it took six years to complete the 202 (ft) column. It was two more years before the inscription (which had.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. been left to Wren—or to Wren's choice—to decide upon) was set in place. "Commemorating—with a brazen disregard for the truth—the fact that 'London rises again...three short years complete that which was considered the work of ages.Hooke's surviving drawings show that several versions of the monument were submitted for consideration: a plain obelisk, a column garnished with tongues of fire, and the fluted Doric column that was eventually chosen. The real contention came with the problem of what type of ornament to have at the top. Initially, Wren favoured a statue of a phoenix with outstretched wings rising from the ashes,.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. but as the column neared completion he decided instead on a 15 (ft) statue either of Charles II, or a sword-wielding female to represent a triumphant London; the cost of either being estimated at £1,050. Charles himself disliked the idea of his statue atop the monument and instead preferred a simple copper-gilded ball "with flames sprouting from the top", costing a little over £325, but ultimately it was the design of a flaming gilt-bronze urn suggested by Robert Hooke that was chosen.The total cost of the monument was £13,450 11"s" 9"d.", of which £11,300 was paid to the mason-contractor Joshua.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. million refurbishment project and re-opened in February 2009.Between 1 and 2 October 2011, a Live Music Sculpture created especially for the Monument by British composer Samuel Bordoli was performed 18 times during the weekend. This was the first occasion that music had ever been heard inside the structure and effectively transformed Wren's design into a gigantic reverberating musical instrument.## As a scientific instrument.Wren and Hooke built the monument to double-up as a scientific instrument. It has a central shaft meant for use as a zenith telescope and for use in gravity and pendulum experiments that connects to an underground laboratory.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. in 1844, describes the Monument thus: The Monument is a prominent setting in "The System of the World", the third book in Neal Stephenson's "Baroque Cycle". George, the hero of Charlie Fletcher's children's book about unLondon "Stoneheart", has a fight at the top of the Monument with a raven and a gargoyle. In Robert J. Lloyd's mystery novel "The Bloodless Boy", Robert Hooke (designer of the Monument with Christopher Wren), investigates the sinister death of a blood-drained boy discovered on the banks of the River Fleet. Hooke's assistant, Harry Hunt, witnessing another murder, is chased up to the top of.


Question: Who is the discoverer or inventor of this item?

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Tuning fork. A tuning fork is an acoustic resonator in the form of a two-pronged fork with the prongs (tines) formed from a U-shaped bar of elastic metal (usually steel). It resonates at a specific constant pitch when set vibrating by striking it against a surface or with an object, and emits a pure musical tone once the high overtones fade out. A tuning fork's pitch depends on the length and mass of the two prongs. They are traditional sources of standard pitch for tuning musical instruments.The tuning fork was invented in 1711 by British musician John Shore, Sergeant trumpeter and lutenist.

Tuning fork. John Shore gave to George Frideric Handel produces C=512.Tuning forks, usually C512, are used by medical practitioners to assess a patient's hearing. This is most commonly done with two exams called the Weber test and Rinne test, respectively. Lower-pitched ones, usually at C128, are also used to check vibration sense as part of the examination of the peripheral nervous system.Orthopedic surgeons have explored using a tuning fork (lowest frequency C=128) to assess injuries where bone fracture is suspected. They hold the end of the vibrating fork on the skin above the suspected fracture, progressively closer to the suspected fracture. If.


Question: Who is the director of this building?

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Strapless. Strapless is a 1989 film written and directed by David Hare.## Plot summary.An expatriate American doctor in London allows herself to lighten up when her freewheeling younger sister and a mysterious man enter her life. Her inhibitions released, the beautiful doctor learns that freedom has its own price.Blair Brown – Dr. Lillian HempelBruno Ganz – Raymond ForbesBridget Fonda – Amy HempelAlan Howard – Mr. CooperMichael Gough – Douglas BrodieHugh Laurie – ColinDana Gillespie – Julie KovagoSpencer Leigh – HusAlexandra Pigg - Helen## Release.After the film's May 1990 U.S. theatrical release, it was released on videocassette in the United States by.


Question: Which geographic area is this plant found?

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Brazil nut. The Brazil nut ("Bertholletia excelsa") is a South American tree in the family Lecythidaceae, and it is also the name of the tree's commercially harvested edible seeds. It is one of the largest and longest-lived trees in the Amazon rainforest. The fruit and its nutshell – containing the edible Brazil nut – are relatively large, possibly weighing as much as 2 (kg) in total weight. As food, Brazil nuts are notable for diverse content of micronutrients, especially a high amount of selenium. The wood of the Brazil nut tree is prized for its quality in carpentry, flooring, and heavy construction.##.

Brazil nut. Common names.In various countries of South America, Brazil nuts are called or (Spanish). In Brazil, they are more commonly called "" (meaning "chestnuts from Pará" in Portuguese), with other names used in remote and/or small localities.In North America, as early as 1896, Brazil nuts were sometimes known by the slang term "nigger toes", a vulgarity that gradually fell out of use as the racial slur became socially unacceptable.## Taxonomy.The Brazil nut family, the Lecythidaceae, is in the order Ericales, as are other well-known plants such as blueberries, cranberries, sapote, gutta-percha, tea, phlox, and persimmons. The tree is the only species.

Brazil nut. in the monotypic genus "Bertholletia", named after French chemist Claude Louis Berthollet.## Description.The Brazil nut is a large tree, reaching 50 (m) tall and with a trunk 1 to 2 (m) in diameter, making it among the largest of trees in the Amazon rainforest. It may live for 500 years or more, and can often reach a thousand years of age. The stem is straight and commonly without branches for well over half the tree's height, with a large, emergent crown of long branches above the surrounding canopy of other trees.The bark is grayish and smooth. The leaves are dry-season.

Brazil nut. deciduous, alternate, simple, entire or crenate, oblong, 20 – 35 (cm) long, and 10 – 15 (cm) broad. The flowers are small, greenish-white, in panicles 5 – 10 (cm) long; each flower has a two-parted, deciduous calyx, six unequal cream-colored petals, and numerous stamens united into a broad, hood-shaped mass.## Range.The Brazil nut is native to the Guianas, Venezuela, Brazil, eastern Colombia, eastern Peru, and eastern Bolivia. It occurs as scattered trees in large forests on the banks of the Amazon River, Rio Negro, Tapajós, and the Orinoco.As a result, they can be found outside production areas, in the backyards.

Brazil nut. of homes and near roads and streets in the Northern and Northeastern Brazil. The fruit is heavy and rigid; when the fruits fall, they pose a serious threat to vehicles and people passing under the tree. ## Reproduction.Brazil nut trees produce fruit almost exclusively in pristine forests, as disturbed forests lack the large-bodied bees of the genera "Bombus", "Centris", "Epicharis", "Eulaema", and "Xylocopa", which are the only ones capable of pollinating the tree's flowers, with different bee genera being the primary pollinators in different areas, and different times of year. Brazil nuts have been harvested from plantations, but production is.

Brazil nut. low and is currently not economically viable.The fruit takes 14 months to mature after pollination of the flowers. The fruit itself is a large capsule 10 – 15 (cm) in diameter, resembling a coconut endocarp in size and weighing up to 2 (kg). It has a hard, woody shell 8 – 12 (mm) thick, which contains eight to 24 wedge-shaped seeds 4 – 5 (cm) long (the "Brazil nuts") packed like the segments of an orange, but not limited to one whorl of segments. Up to three whorls can be stacked onto each other, with the polar ends of the.

Brazil nut. segments of the middle whorl nestling into the upper and lower whorls (see illustration above).The capsule contains a small hole at one end, which enables large rodents like the agouti to gnaw it open. They then eat some of the seeds inside while burying others for later use; some of these are able to germinate into new Brazil nut trees. Most of the seeds are "planted" by the agoutis in caches during wet season, and the young saplings may have to wait years, in a state of dormancy, for a tree to fall and sunlight to reach it, when it.

Brazil nut. starts growing again. Capuchin monkeys have been reported to open Brazil nuts using a stone as an anvil.## Society and culture.In Brazil, cutting down a Brazil nut tree (typically with the intent of harvesting lumber and Brazil nuts) is illegal, unless done with previous authorization from the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources.## Production.In 2020, global production of Brazil nuts (in shells) was 69,658 tonnes, most of which derive from wild harvests in tropical forests, especially the Amazon regions of Brazil and Bolivia which produced 92% of the world total (table).## Environmental effects of harvesting.Since most of the.

Brazil nut. production for international trade is harvested in the wild, the business arrangement has been advanced as a model for generating income from a tropical forest without destroying it. The nuts are most often gathered by migrant workers known as "castañeros" (in Spanish) or "castanheiros" (in Portuguese). Logging is a significant threat to the sustainability of the Brazil nut-harvesting industry.Analysis of tree ages in areas that are harvested shows that moderate and intense gathering takes so many seeds that not enough are left to replace older trees as they die. Sites with light gathering activities had many young trees, while sites.

Brazil nut. with intense gathering practices had nearly none.## European Union import regulation.In 2003, the European Union imposed strict regulations on the import of Brazilian-harvested Brazil nuts in their shells, as the shells are considered to contain unsafe levels of aflatoxins, a potential cause of liver cancer.## Nutrition and human consumption.Brazil nuts are 3% water, 14% protein, 12% carbohydrates, and 66% fats (table). The fat components are 16% saturated, 24% monounsaturated, and 24% polyunsaturated (see table for USDA source).In a 100 gram (3.5 oz) reference amount, Brazil nuts supply 659 calories, and are a rich source (20% or more of the Daily.

Brazil nut. Value, DV) of dietary fiber (30% DV), thiamin (54% DV), vitamin E (38% DV), magnesium (106% DV), phosphorus (104% DV), manganese (57% DV), and zinc (43% DV). Calcium, iron, and potassium are present in moderate amounts (10-19% DV, table).## Selenium.Brazil nuts are a particularly rich source of selenium, with just a 28 (g) serving supplying 544 micrograms of selenium or 10 times the DV of 55 micrograms (see table for USDA source). However, the amount of selenium within batches of nuts may vary considerably.The high selenium content is used as a biomarker in studies of selenium intake and deficiency. Consumption.

Brazil nut. of just one Brazil nut per day over 8 weeks was sufficient to restore selenium blood levels and increase HDL cholesterol in obese women.## Phytochemicals.The shells of Brazil nuts contain high levels of aflatoxins, which are produced by molds, and can cause liver damage, including possible cancer, if consumed. Aflatoxin levels have been found in Brazil nuts during inspections that were far higher than the limits set by the EU.The nuts contain small amounts of radium, a radioactive element, with a kilogram of nuts containing an activity between 1 and 7 (nCi). This is about 1000 times higher than in.

Brazil nut. several other common foods. According to Oak Ridge Associated Universities, elevated levels of radium in the soil does not directly cause the concentration of radium, but "the very extensive root system of the tree" can concentrate naturally occurring radioactive material, when present in the soil. The material must still be present in the soil in order to concentrate in the trees.Brazil nuts also contain barium, a metal with a chemical behavior quite similar to radium, which can have toxic effects, such as weakness, vomiting or diarrhea, after intentional or accidental ingestion.## Uses.## Oil.Brazil nut oil contains 48% unsaturated fatty acids.

Brazil nut. composed mainly of oleic and linoleic acids, the phytosterol, beta-sitosterol, and fat-soluble vitamin E.The following table presents the composition of fatty acids in Brazil nut oil (see USDA source in nutrition table):## Wood.The lumber from Brazil nut trees (not to be confused with Brazilwood) is of excellent quality, having diverse uses from flooring to heavy construction. Logging the trees is prohibited by law in all three producing countries (Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru). Illegal extraction of timber and land clearances present continuing threats.## Other uses.Brazil nut oil is used as a lubricant in clocks, in the manufacturing of paint, and in.

Brazil nut. the cosmetics industry. Because of its hardness, the Brazil nutshell is often pulverized and used as an abrasive to polish materials such as metals and ceramics, in the same way jeweler's rouge is used. Brazil nut cake List of culinary nuts Official list of endangered flora of Brazil Granular convection.


Question: What country does this lake belong to?

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Pfäffikersee. Pfäffikersee (or "Lake Pfäffikon") is a lake in the canton of Zürich, Switzerland, near the town of Pfäffikon. It is 2.5 km long and 1.3 km wide at the middle. The lake was created in the last ice age when a moraine blocked off the ability for the lake to empty north towards Winterthur. There is also a hiking trail around the lake that people often bike and walk on, and the area is considered protected lands, among them the "Robenhauser Ried" and the prehistoric settlement Wetzikon–Robenhausen, discovered and researched by Jakob Messikommer (1828–1917), which became a serial site of.

Pfäffikersee. the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps". In Roman era, along "Pfäffikersee" there was a Roman road from the "vicus Centum Prata" (Kempraten) on Obersee–Lake Zürich via "Vitudurum" (Oberwinterthur) to "Tasgetium" (Eschenz) to the Rhine. To secure this important transport route, the Irgenhausen Castrum was built.List of lakes of SwitzerlandWaterlevels of Pfäffikersee at Pfäffikon.


Question: In which year was this item invented or discovered?

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Telephone. A telephone is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human voice, into electronic signals that are transmitted via cables and other communication channels to another telephone which reproduces the sound to the receiving user. The term is derived from ("tēle", "far") and φωνή ("phōnē", "voice"), together meaning "distant voice". A common short form of the term is phone, which came into use almost immediately after the first patent was issued.In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell.

Telephone. inventions such as radio, television, the light bulb, and the computer, several inventors pioneered experimental work on "voice transmission over a wire" and improved on each other's ideas. New controversies over the issue still arise from time to time. Charles Bourseul, Antonio Meucci, Johann Philipp Reis, Alexander Graham Bell, and Elisha Gray, amongst others, have all been credited with the invention of the telephone.Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be awarded a patent for the electric telephone by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in March 1876. Before Bell's patent, the telephone transmitted sound in a way.

Telephone. that was similar to the telegraph. This method used vibrations and circuits to send electrical pulses, but was missing key features. Bell found that this method produced a sound through intermittent currents, but in order for the telephone to work a fluctuating current reproduced sounds the best. The fluctuating currents became the basis for the working telephone, creating Bell's patent. That first patent by Bell was the "master patent" of the telephone, from which other patents for electric telephone devices and features flowed. The Bell patents were forensically victorious and commercially decisive.In 1876, shortly after Bell's patent application, Hungarian engineer.

Telephone. that English technicians to whom Mr. Manzetti illustrated his method for transmitting spoken words on the telegraph wire intend to apply said invention in England on several private telegraph lines". However, telephones would not be demonstrated there until 1876, with a set of telephones from Bell. 28 December 1871: Antonio Meucci files patent caveat No. 3335 in the U.S. Patent Office titled "Sound Telegraph", describing communication of voice between two people by wire. A 'patent caveat' was not an invention patent award, but only an unverified notice filed by an individual that he or she intends to file a regular.

Telephone. patent application in the future. 1874: Meucci, after having renewed the caveat for two years does not renew it again, and the caveat lapses. 6 April 1875: Bell's U.S. Patent 161,739 "Transmitters and Receivers for Electric Telegraphs" is granted. This uses multiple vibrating steel reeds in make-break circuits. 11 February 1876: Elisha Gray invents a liquid transmitter for use with the telephone but does not build one. 14 February 1876: Gray files a patent caveat for transmitting the human voice through a telegraphic circuit. 14 February 1876: Alexander Graham Bell applies for the patent "Improvements in Telegraphy", for electromagnetic telephones.

Telephone. using what is now called amplitude modulation (oscillating current and voltage) but which he referred to as "undulating current". 19 February 1876: Gray is notified by the U.S. Patent Office of an interference between his caveat and Bell's patent application. Gray decides to abandon his caveat. 7 March 1876: Bell's U.S. patent 174,465 "Improvement in Telegraphy" is granted, covering "the method of, and apparatus for, transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically…by causing electrical undulations, similar in form to the vibrations of the air accompanying the said vocal or other sound." 10 March 1876: The first successful telephone transmission of clear.

Telephone. speech using a liquid transmitter when Bell spoke into his device, "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you." and Watson heard each word distinctly. 30 January 1877: Bell's U.S. patent 186,787 is granted for an electromagnetic telephone using permanent magnets, iron diaphragms, and a call bell. 27 April 1877: Edison files for a patent on a carbon (graphite) transmitter. The patent 474,230 was granted 3 May 1892, after a 15-year delay because of litigation. Edison was granted patent 222,390 for a carbon granules transmitter in 1879.## Early commercial instruments.Early telephones were technically diverse. Some used a water microphone,.

Telephone. (MMS) Party line (telephony) Phone hacking Satellite phone SIM card Spamming Telephone keypad Telephone jack and plug Telephone tapping Tip and ring Videophone Brooks, John (1976). "Telephone: The first hundred years". HarperCollins. Casson, Herbert Newton. (1910) "The history of the telephone" online. Coe, Lewis (1995). "The Telephone and Its Several Inventors: A History." Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. Evenson, A. Edward (2000). "The Telephone Patent Conspiracy of 1876: The Elisha Gray – Alexander Bell Controversy." Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. Fischer, Claude S. (1994) "America calling: A social history of the telephone to 1940" (Univ of California Press, 1994) Huurdeman,.

Telephone. Anton A. (2003). "The Worldwide History of Telecommunications" Hoboken: NJ: Wiley-IEEE Press. John, Richard R. (2010). "Network Nation: Inventing American Telecommunications." Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. MacDougall, Robert. "The People's Network: The Political Economy of the Telephone in the Gilded Age." Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Mueller, Milton. (1993) "Universal service in telephone history: A reconstruction." "Telecommunications Policy" 17.5 (1993): 352–69. Todd, Kenneth P. (1998), "A Capsule History of the Bell System". American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T). Early U.S. Telephone Industry Data Virtual museum of early telephones The Telephone, 1877 —"Telegraphy" (Bell's first telephone patent)—Alexander Graham Bell US 186,787—"Electric.


Question: What is this place named after?

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Avenue of the Baobabs. The Avenue of the Baobabs, or Alley of the Baobabs, is a prominent group of Grandidier's baobabs ("Adansonia grandidieri") lining the dirt road between Morondava and Belon'i Tsiribihina in the Menabe region of western Madagascar. Its striking landscape draws travelers from around the world, making it one of the most visited locations in the region. It has been a center of local conservation efforts, and was granted temporary protected status in July 2007 by the Ministry of Environment, Water and Forests – a step toward making it Madagascar's first natural monument.## Description.Along a 260 (m) stretch of the road is.

Avenue of the Baobabs. a grove of 20–25 "Adansonia grandidieri" baobabs. An additional 25 or so trees of this species are found growing over nearby rice paddies and meadows within 4 (ha) of land. The trees, which are endemic to Madagascar, are about 30 (m) in height.The baobab trees, known locally as "renala" or "reniala" (from Malagasy "reny ala" "mother of the forest"), are up to 2,800 years old. They are a legacy of the dense tropical forests that once thrived on Madagascar. The trees did not originally tower in isolation over the sere landscape of scrub, but stood in dense forest. Over the.


Question: Which historic county does this place belong to?

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Durdle Door. Durdle Door (sometimes written Durdle Dor) is a natural limestone arch on the Jurassic Coast near Lulworth in Dorset, England. It is privately owned by the Weld Family who own the Lulworth Estate, but it is also open to the public.## Geology.The form of the coastline around Durdle Door is controlled by its geology—both by the contrasting hardnesses of the rocks, and by the local patterns of faults and folds. The arch has formed on a concordant coastline where bands of rock run parallel to the shoreline. The rock strata are almost vertical, and the bands of rock are quite.

Durdle Door. "Durdle Doorus" is magically transformed into rock.Dorset-born Arthur Moule, a friend of Thomas Hardy and missionary to China, wrote these lines about Durdle Door for his 1879 book of poetry "Songs of heaven and home, written in a foreign land": Arch of Cabo San Lucas Delicate Arch and Landscape Arch in the USA Durdle Pier, Isle of Portland Étretat, France Geology of Dorset Green Bridge of Wales Rocher Percé, Québec, Canada Stair Hole Swyre Head, Chaldon Down and Bat's Head, to the west List of Dorset beaches Arkell, W.J., 1978. "The Geology of the Country around Weymouth, Swanage, Corfe and.

Durdle Door. Lulworth, 4th pr.". London: Geological Survey of Great Britain, HMSO. Davies, G.M., 1956. "A Geological Guide to the Dorset Coast, 2nd ed.". London: Adam & Charles Black. Perkins, J.W., 1977. "Geology Explained in Dorset". London: David & Charles."Caves, Arches & Stacks" Southwest Coastal Group"Durdle Door: Past and Future" animationSection of Lulworth Crumple, labelled diagram by Ian West (2013)Durdle Door Educational Activity Sheet for Kids at EasyScienceforKids.


Question: What country does this village belong to?

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Cranny. Cranny () is a small village in County Clare, Ireland.## Location.Cranny lies on the banks of the Cloon River, which flows into the estuary of the River Shannon at Clonderlaw Bay.## Facilities.There is a local Gaelic Athletic Association club, Coolmeen GAA, founded in 1887 three years after the association came together. Coolmeen GAA succeeded in the Clare Senior Football Championship in 1919 and 1921, in the Clare Intermediate Football Championship in 1959, 1966 and 1967 and in the Clare Junior A Football Championship in 1958, 1964, 1983 and 1999. The parish also has a national school. The Cranny N.S. is.

Cranny. a co-educational catholic primary school Peadar Clancy List of towns and villages in Ireland.


Question: What is the weight of a male of this bird in gram?

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Least grebe. The least grebe ("Tachybaptus dominicus"), an aquatic bird, is the smallest member of the grebe family. It occurs in the New World from the southwestern United States and Mexico to Argentina, and also on Trinidad and Tobago, the Bahamas and the Greater Antilles.## Description.The least grebe ranges in length from 21 – 27 (cm) (depending on the subspecies) and in weight from 112 – 180 (g). Weights are variable based on region and subspecies, being smaller in Panama, where males weighed a mean of 129 (g) against the females 116 (g) and larger in the West Indies, where the sexes.


Question: Who/what operates this building?

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BMW Welt. The BMW Welt is a combined exhibition, delivery, adventure museum, and event venue located in Munich's district Am Riesenfeld, next to the Olympic Park, in the immediate vicinity of the BMW Headquarters and factory. It was built from August 2003 to summer 2007. A solar system with 800 kW of power is installed on the roof of the main building. The opening took place on 17 October 2007. The BMW Welt is the most visited tourist attraction in Bavaria.## Operations.BMW Welt operations are coordinated with the other local BMW facilities, the BMW Museum and BMW Headquarters. It has a showroom.

BMW Welt. with the current model lineup of BMW cars and motorcycles, and the other two BMW Group brands, Mini and Rolls-Royce. Customers picking up special ordered cars are given a dramatic "staged experience" in which they await their new car in an enormous glass-walled hall, and their cars are lifted up from lower levels on round elevator platforms. BMW Welt also has shops selling BMW-branded promotional merchandise and accessories, and a restaurant.## Design and construction.In 2001, an international architectural design competition was sponsored by BMW. Twenty-seven offices participated in the competition four of which were awarded prizes. The jury awarded two.

BMW Welt. offices Sauerbruch Hutton and COOP HIMMELB(L)AU first prize and made the recommendation for the competitors to rework their design submissions in a third design phase in order for BMW to determine which office would be awarded the contract.The contract was awarded to the Vienna-based architects COOP HIMMELB(L)AU and the facility was constructed from August 2003 through summer 2007 at a cost of US$200 million. Originally conceived to be open and ready for World Cup 2006, it eventually opened on 17 October 2007, and deliveries commenced on 23 October 2007. The first customer to take European delivery of a new BMW.

BMW Welt. at the Welt was Jonathan Spira.There were 2,200,000 visitors during the first 12 months of operation. The number of visitors increased to 2,930,000 in 2013, of which 60% came from Germany.Designed with an 800 kW solar plant on its roof, "the building does not have the boredom of an exhibition hall, it is not only a temple but also a market place and communication center, and a meeting point for knowledge transfer", said architect Wolf D. Prix at the opening ceremony.COOP HIMMELB(L)AU's BMW Welt project records are archived at the Canadian Centre for Architecture in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. World Architecture.

BMW Welt. Survey BMW-Welt on www.muenchenarchitektur.com BMW European Delivery wiki, on the Bimmerfest.com site.


Question: In which year was this item invented or discovered?

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Electric motor. issues. As no electricity distribution system was available at the time, no practical commercial market emerged for these motors.After many other more or less successful attempts with relatively weak rotating and reciprocating apparatus Prussian/Russian Moritz von Jacobi created the first real rotating electric motor in May 1834. It developed remarkable mechanical output power. His motor set a world record, which Jacobi improved four years later in September 1838. His second motor was powerful enough to drive a boat with 14 people across a wide river. It was also in 1839/40 that other developers managed to build motors with similar and.


Question: What is the typical diameter (in 1) of this object?

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Tetrahedron. regular tetrahedron.The following Cartesian coordinates define the four vertices of a tetrahedron with edge length 2, centered at the origin, and two level edges:formula_1Expressed symmetrically as 4 points on the unit sphere, centroid at the origin, with lower face level, the vertices are:formula_2formula_3formula_4formula_5with the edge length of formula_6.Still another set of coordinates are based on an alternated cube or demicube with edge length 2. This form has Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbol h{4,3}. The tetrahedron in this case has edge length 2. Inverting these coordinates generates the dual tetrahedron, and the pair together form the stellated octahedron, whose vertices are.

Tetrahedron. those of the original cube.Tetrahedron: (1,1,1), (1,−1,−1), (−1,1,−1), (−1,−1,1)Dual tetrahedron: (−1,−1,−1), (−1,1,1), (1,−1,1), (1,1,−1)## Angles and distances.For a regular tetrahedron of edge length "a":With respect to the base plane the slope of a face (2) is twice that of an edge (), corresponding to the fact that the "horizontal" distance covered from the base to the apex along an edge is twice that along the median of a face. In other words, if "C" is the centroid of the base, the distance from "C" to a vertex of the base is twice that from "C" to the midpoint of an.

Tetrahedron. two tetrahedra in the cube). The symmetries of a regular tetrahedron correspond to half of those of a cube: those that map the tetrahedra to themselves, and not to each other.The tetrahedron is the only Platonic solid that is not mapped to itself by point inversion.The regular tetrahedron has 24 isometries, forming the symmetry group Td, [3,3], (*332), isomorphic to the symmetric group, "S"4. They can be categorized as follows: T, [3,3]+, (332) is isomorphic to alternating group, "A"4 (the identity and 11 proper rotations) with the following conjugacy classes (in parentheses are given the permutations of the vertices, or.

Tetrahedron. correspondingly, the faces, and the unit quaternion representation): identity (identity; 1) rotation about an axis through a vertex, perpendicular to the opposite plane, by an angle of ±120°: 4 axes, 2 per axis, together , etc.; ) rotation by an angle of 180° such that an edge maps to the opposite edge: , etc.; ) reflections in a plane perpendicular to an edge: 6 reflections in a plane combined with 90° rotation about an axis perpendicular to the plane: 3 axes, 2 per axis, together 6; equivalently, they are 90° rotations combined with inversion (x is mapped to −x): the.

Tetrahedron. are projected as circular arcs on the plane.## Helical stacking.Regular tetrahedra can be stacked face-to-face in a chiral aperiodic chain called the Boerdijk–Coxeter helix. In four dimensions, all the convex regular 4-polytopes with tetrahedral cells (the 5-cell, 16-cell and 600-cell) can be constructed as tilings of the 3-sphere by these chains, which become periodic in the three-dimensional space of the 4-polytope's boundary surface.## Irregular tetrahedra.Tetrahedra which do not have four equilateral faces are categorized and named by the symmetries they do possess.If all three pairs of opposite edges of a tetrahedron are perpendicular, then it is called an orthocentric tetrahedron.

Tetrahedron. to the opposite faces are inversely proportional to the areas of these faces.For a tetrahedron with vertices,, and, the volume is , or any other combination of pairs of vertices that form a simply connected graph. This can be rewritten using a dot product and a cross product, yieldingformula_9If the origin of the coordinate system is chosen to coincide with vertex d, then d = 0, soformula_10where a, b, and c represent three edges that meet at one vertex, and is a scalar triple product. Comparing this formula with that used to compute the volume of a parallelepiped, we conclude.

Tetrahedron. that the volume of a tetrahedron is equal to of the volume of any parallelepiped that shares three converging edges with it.The absolute value of the scalar triple product can be represented as the following absolute values of determinants:formula_11orformula_12whereformula_13are expressed as row or column vectors.Henceformula_14whereformula_15which givesformula_16where "α", "β", "γ" are the plane angles occurring in vertex d. The angle "α", is the angle between the two edges connecting the vertex d to the vertices b and c. The angle "β", does so for the vertices a and c, while "γ", is defined by the position of the vertices a and.

Tetrahedron. b.If we do not require that d = 0 thenformula_17Given the distances between the vertices of a tetrahedron the volume can be computed using the Cayley–Menger determinant:formula_18where the subscripts represent the vertices and "d" is the pairwise distance between them – i.e., the length of the edge connecting the two vertices. A negative value of the determinant means that a tetrahedron cannot be constructed with the given distances. This formula, sometimes called Tartaglia's formula, is essentially due to the painter Piero della Francesca in the 15th century, as a three dimensional analogue of the 1st century Heron's formula for the.

Tetrahedron. area of a triangle.Let be three edges that meet at a point, and the opposite edges. Let be the volume of the tetrahedron; thenformula_19whereformula_20The above formula uses six lengths of edges, and the following formula uses three lengths of edges and three angles.formula_21## Heron-type formula for the volume of a tetrahedron.If , , , , , are lengths of edges of the tetrahedron (first three form a triangle; with opposite , opposite , opposite ), thenformula_22where formula_23 formula_24## Volume divider.Any plane containing a bimedian (connector of opposite edges' midpoints) of a tetrahedron bisects the volume of the tetrahedron.## Non-Euclidean volume.For.

Tetrahedron. segment joining the midpoints of two opposite edges is called a "bimedian" of the tetrahedron. Hence there are four medians and three bimedians in a tetrahedron. These seven line segments are all concurrent at a point called the "centroid" of the tetrahedron. In addition the four medians are divided in a 3:1 ratio by the centroid (see Commandino's theorem). The centroid of a tetrahedron is the midpoint between its Monge point and circumcenter. These points define the "Euler line" of the tetrahedron that is analogous to the Euler line of a triangle.The nine-point circle of the general triangle has an.

Tetrahedron. is a diagonal of one of the cube's faces. For one such embedding, the Cartesian coordinates of the vertices are(+1, +1, +1);(−1, −1, +1);(−1, +1, −1);(+1, −1, −1).This yields a tetrahedron with edge-length 2, centered at the origin. For the other tetrahedron (which is dual to the first), reverse all the signs. These two tetrahedra's vertices combined are the vertices of a cube, demonstrating that the regular tetrahedron is the 3-demicube.The volume of this tetrahedron is one-third the volume of the cube. Combining both tetrahedra gives a regular polyhedral compound called the compound of two tetrahedra or stella octangula.The interior.

Tetrahedron. of the stella octangula is an octahedron, and correspondingly, a regular octahedron is the result of cutting off, from a regular tetrahedron, four regular tetrahedra of half the linear size (i.e., rectifying the tetrahedron).The above embedding divides the cube into five tetrahedra, one of which is regular. In fact, five is the minimum number of tetrahedra required to compose a cube. To see this, starting from a base tetrahedron with 4 vertices, each added tetrahedra adds at most 1 new vertex, so at least 4 more must be added to make a cube, which has 8 vertices.Inscribing tetrahedra inside the.

Tetrahedron. and counterclockwise orientations of the surface.Putting any of the four vertices in the role of "O" yields four such identities, but at most three of them are independent: If the "clockwise" sides of three of them are multiplied and the product is inferred to be equal to the product of the "counterclockwise" sides of the same three identities, and then common factors are cancelled from both sides, the result is the fourth identity.Three angles are the angles of some triangle if and only if their sum is 180° (π radians). What condition on 12 angles is necessary and sufficient for.

Tetrahedron. them to be the 12 angles of some tetrahedron? Clearly the sum of the angles of any side of the tetrahedron must be 180°. Since there are four such triangles, there are four such constraints on sums of angles, and the number of degrees of freedom is thereby reduced from 12 to 8. The four relations given by this sine law further reduce the number of degrees of freedom, from 8 down to not 4 but 5, since the fourth constraint is not independent of the first three. Thus the space of all shapes of tetrahedra is 5-dimensional.## Law of.

Tetrahedron. faces are "F"a, "F"b, "F"c, and "F"d. Thenformula_29For vertices "A", "B", "C", and "D", interior point "P", and feet "J", "K", "L", and "M" of the perpendiculars from "P" to the faces, and suppose the faces have equal areas, thenformula_30## Inradius.Denoting the inradius of a tetrahedron as "r" and the inradii of its triangular faces as "r""i" for "i" = 1, 2, 3, 4, we haveformula_31with equality if and only if the tetrahedron is regular.If "A""1", "A""2", "A""3" and "A""4" denote the area of each faces, the value of "r" is given byformula_32.This formula is obtained from dividing the tetrahedron.

Tetrahedron. tetrahedra. One example has one edge of 896, the opposite edge of 990 and the other four edges of 1073; two faces are isosceles triangles with areas of and the other two are isosceles with areas of , while the volume is .A tetrahedron can have integer volume and consecutive integers as edges, an example being the one with edges 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 and volume 48.## Related polyhedra and compounds.A regular tetrahedron can be seen as a triangular pyramid.A regular tetrahedron can be seen as a degenerate polyhedron, a uniform "digonal antiprism", where base polygons are.

Tetrahedron. is arccos(−), or approximately 109.47°.Water, , also has a tetrahedral structure, with two hydrogen atoms and two lone pairs of electrons around the central oxygen atoms. Its tetrahedral symmetry is not perfect, however, because the lone pairs repel more than the single O–H bonds.Quaternary phase diagrams of mixtures of chemical substances are represented graphically as tetrahedra.However, quaternary phase diagrams in communication engineering are represented graphically on a two-dimensional plane.## Electricity and electronics.If six equal resistors are soldered together to form a tetrahedron, then the resistance measured between any two vertices is half that of one resistor.Since silicon is the most.

Tetrahedron. rolled appearing around the bottom or on the top vertex. Some Rubik's Cube-like puzzles are tetrahedral, such as the Pyraminx and Pyramorphix.## Geology.The tetrahedral hypothesis, originally published by William Lowthian Green to explain the formation of the Earth, was popular through the early 20th century.## Weaponry.Some caltrops are based on tetrahedra as one spike points upwards regardless of how they land and can be easily made by welding two bent nails together.## Contemporary art.The Austrian artist Martina Schettina created a tetrahedron using fluorescent lamps. It was shown at the light art biennale Austria 2010.It is used as album artwork, surrounded.