Question: Where do you usually find this animal?

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Wolf. habitat.Wolves occur across Eurasia and North America. However, deliberate human persecution because of livestock predation and fear of attacks on humans has reduced the wolf's range to about one-third of its historic range; the wolf is now extirpated (locally extinct) from much of its range in Western Europe, the United States and Mexico, and completely in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and Japan. In modern times, the wolf occurs mostly in wilderness and remote areas. The wolf can be found between sea level and 3000 (m). Wolves live in forests, inland wetlands, shrublands, grasslands (including Arctic tundra), pastures, deserts, and rocky.

Wolf. are nocturnal predators. During the winter, a pack will commence hunting in the twilight of early evening and will hunt all night, traveling tens of kilometres. Sometimes hunting large prey occurs during the day. During the summer, wolves generally tend to hunt individually, ambushing their prey and rarely giving pursuit.When hunting large gregarious prey, wolves will try to isolate an individual from its group. If successful, a wolf pack can bring down game that will feed it for days, but one error in judgement can lead to serious injury or death. Most large prey have developed defensive adaptations and behaviours.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this insect?

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Macromia taeniolata. Macromia taeniolata, the royal river cruiser is a species of dragonfly in the family Macromiidae. It is a long, slender insect with bright green eyes and a dark brown body with yellow stripes. The sexes are alike. It is found along large streams and rivers.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Calystegia sepium. Calystegia sepium (hedge bindweed, Rutland beauty, bugle vine, heavenly trumpets, bellbind, granny-pop-out-of-bed and many others) is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae. It has a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout temperate regions of the North and South hemispheres.## Description.It is an herbaceous perennial that twines around other plants, in a counter-clockwise direction, to a height of up to 2 - 4 (m), rarely 5 (m). The pale matte green leaves are arranged spirally, simple, pointed at the tip and are arrowhead shaped, 5–10 (cm) long and 3–7 (cm) broad.The flowers are white, or pale pink with five darker stripes,.

Calystegia sepium. produced from late spring to the end of summer. In the UK, between July and September. In the bud, they are covered by large green but tinged with crimson bracts which remain but scarcely overlap and do not cover the sepals of the open flower. The open flowers are trumpet-shaped, 3–7 (cm) diameter, white, or pale pink with white stripes. After flowering, the fruit develops as an almost spherical capsule, which is hidden by the bracts. It is 1 (cm) in diameter, containing two to four large, dark brown, or black seeds that are shaped like quartered oranges.The plant thrives.

Calystegia sepium. in hedges, fields, borders, roadsides and open woods.Hedge bindweed is toxic, containing calystegine alkaloids.## Identification.There are several species of "Calystegia" which and occur in similar habitats and can be difficult to distinguish, especially when not in flower. It is common practice in Britain to treat "C. sepium", "C. silvatica" and "C. pulchra" as an aggregate, usually recorded as ""C. sepium" agg.", whenever identification is uncertain. The use of this term sometimes creates confusion about which taxon is being discussed.The best way to separate hedge bindweed ("sepium") from the other taxa is by the bracteoles, which subtend the flower and wholly.

Calystegia sepium. or partially encompass the sepals. Hedge bindweed has two rather long, narrow bracteoles which do not touch each other, whereas both large bindweed ("silvatica") and hairy bindweed ("pulchra") have shorter, wider bracteoles which overlap where they meet.## Taxonomy.Other vernacular names include "greater bindweed, bearbind, hedge convolvulus, hooded bindweed, old man's nightcap, wild morning glory", "bride's gown, wedlock" (referring to the white gown-like flowers and the binding nature of the vine), "white witches hat, belle of the ball", "devil's guts and hedgebell". A common childhood pastime in the UK is to 'pop' the flowers from the sepals while chanting "Granny, granny.

Calystegia sepium. — pop out of bed".Several regional subspecies have been described, but they are not considered distinct by all authorities:"Calystegia sepium" subsp. "americana". North America."Calystegia sepium" subsp. "angulata". North America."Calystegia sepium" subsp. "appalachiana". Eastern North America."Calystegia sepium" subsp. "binghamiae". Western North America (California)."Calystegia sepium" subsp. "erratica". North America."Calystegia sepium" subsp. "limnophila". Southern North America."Calystegia sepium" subsp. "roseata". Western Europe, coasts. Flowers pink."Calystegia sepium" subsp. "sepium". Europe, Asia."Calystegia sepium" subsp. "spectabilis". Siberia. Flowers often pinkish.## As a weed.While appreciated for its flowers, "C. sepium" can grow as a vigorous weed plant, and is able to overwhelm and pull down cultivated plants including.

Calystegia sepium. shrubs and small trees. It is self-seeding (seeds can remain viable as long as 30 years), can rapidly regrow into whole plants from individual pieces such as discarded roots, and the success of its creeping rhizomes (they can be as long as 3 - 4 (m)) cause it to be a persistent weed and have led to its classification in some American states as a noxious weed."C. sepium" is highly sensitive to glyphosate, a systemic herbicide, but eradication may require several doses."Calystegia silvatica", giant bindweed, is sometimes treated as a subspecies of "C. sepium""Convolvulus arvensis", field bindweed, is a similar.

Calystegia sepium. vine with much smaller features. The rear margin leaf projections are sharp. The leaves of "Ipomoea pandurata", wild potato vine, are shaped like a heart, not like an arrowhead.Flora Europaea: "Calystegia sepium" . One of the Flowers of Loveliness for 1838 combining an engraved picture, "White Rose and Night Convolvulus", from Eliza Sharpe with a poetical illustration from Letitia Elizabeth Landon.Species Accounts, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland: Calystegia sepiumOregon State Weed GuideOhio Perennial & Biennial Weed Guide.


Question: Which city or region does this place locate in?

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Sundarbans. West (Bangladesh), Sundarbans South (Bangladesh), Sundarbans East (Bangladesh) and Sundarbans National Park (India).Despite these protections, the Indian Sundarbans were considered endangered in a 2020 assessment under the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems framework. The Sundarbans mangrove forest covers an area of about 10000 (km2), of which forests in Bangladesh's Khulna Division extend over 6017 (km2) and in West Bengal, they extend over 4260 (km2) across the South 24 Parganas and North 24 Parganas districts. The most abundant tree species are sundri ("Heritiera fomes") and gewa ("Excoecaria agallocha"). The forests provide habitat to 453 fauna wildlife, including 290 bird, 120 fish,.

Sundarbans. Bangladesh back in 1993 to preserve the forest, and Chief Conservators of Forests have been posted since. The direct administrative head of the Division is the Divisional Forest Officer, based at Khulna, who has a number of professional, subprofessional and support staff and logistic supports for the implementation of necessary management and administrative activities. The basic unit of management is the compartment. There are 55 compartments in four Forest Ranges and these are clearly demarcated mainly by natural features such as rivers, canals and creeks.Recently West Bengal Cabinet has approved a new district in South 24 Parganas and proposed district.

Sundarbans. was named Sundarban.## Protected areas.The Bangladesh part of the forest lies under two forest divisions, and four administrative ranges viz Chandpai (Khulna District), Sarankhola (Khulna), and Burigoalini (Satkhira District) and has sixteen forest stations. It is further divided into fifty-five compartments and nine blocks. There are three wildlife sanctuaries established in 1977 under the Bangladesh Wildlife (Preservation) Order, 1973 (P.O. 23 of 1973). The West Bengal part of the forest lies under the district of South & North 24 Parganas.Protected areas cover 15% of the Sundarbans mangroves including Sundarbans National Park and Sajnakhali Wildlife Sanctuary, in West Bengal, Sundarbans East,.

Sundarbans. Sundri, which is able to displace in circumstances such as artificially opened canopies where Sundri does not regenerate as effectively. It is also frequently associated with a dense understory of Goran ("Ceriops tagal") and sometimes Passur.## Sajnakhali Wildlife Sanctuary.Sajnakhali Wildlife Sanctuary is a 362 (km2) area in the northern part of the Sundarbans delta in South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, India. It is mainly mangrove scrub, forest and swamp. It was set up as a sanctuary in 1976. It is home to a rich population of different species of wildlife, such as water fowl, heron, pelican, spotted deer, rhesus.


Question: What country does this facility belong to?

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Library of Celsus. The Library of Celsus () is an ancient Roman building in Ephesus, Anatolia, now part of Selçuk, Turkey. The building was commissioned in the 110s A.D. by a consul, Gaius Julius Aquila, as a funerary monument for his father, former proconsul of Asia Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, and completed during the reign of Hadrian, sometime after Aquila's death. The library is considered an architectural marvel, and is one of the only remaining examples of a library from the Roman Empire. The Library of Celsus was the third-largest library in the Roman world behind only Alexandria and Pergamum, believed to have.

Library of Celsus. before being elected to serve as a consul in Rome in 92 A.D. Celsus, a native of Sardis, was one of the first men from the Greek-speaking eastern provinces to serve as a consul, the highest elected office in imperial Rome. He was later appointed as proconsul, or governor, of Asia, the Roman province that covered roughly the same area as modern-day Turkey. Celsus's son Aquila commissioned the library in his honor, though it was not completed until after Aquila's death. An inscription records that Celsus left a large legacy of 25,000 denarii to pay for the library's reading material.The.

Library of Celsus. Honorific Portrait Statues in the Greek East in the Second Century A.D." "The Journal of Roman Studies" 88 (1998): 56-93. doi:10.2307/300805. classics.uc.edu, Architecture, classical studies, bibliography (Archived) Virtual reconstruction of the Celsus library in Ephesus, Turkey.


Question: Where is this plant native to?

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Prumnopitys ferruginea. Prumnopitys ferruginea, commonly called miro, is an evergreen coniferous tree which is endemic to New Zealand. Before the genus "Prumnopitys" was distinguished, it was treated in the related genus "Podocarpus" as "Podocarpus ferrugineus".It grows up to 25 m high, with a trunk up to 1.3 m diameter. The leaves are linear to sickle-shaped, 15–25 mm long and 2–3 mm broad, with downcurved margins. The plants are dioecious with pollen cones being solitary while those of female plants hang from a curved, scaly stalk. The seed cones are highly modified, reduced to a central stem 2–3 cm long bearing 1-3 scales,.

Prumnopitys ferruginea. each scale maturing berry-like, oval, about 20 mm long and 10–15 mm broad, red to purple-red with a soft edible pulp covering the single seed. The seeds are dispersed by the New Zealand pigeon, which eats the very conspicuous 'berries' and passes the seeds in its droppings. It is found growing on both lowland terrain and on hill slopes throughout the two main islands as well as on Stewart Island/Rakiura (47° S). The Tree can live for at least 600 years.The scientific name "ferruginea" derives from the rusty colour of dried herbarium specimens of the leaves.## Distinguishing miro from matai.Miro.

Prumnopitys ferruginea. colour.Like matai, the bark of more mature miro trees flakes off to leave a distinctive "hammer mark pattern", but unlike matai, the pattern is not as pronounced nor as colourful (areas from which bark flakes have recently fallen in matai often have a striking red colour that fades over time back to brown). these leaves take up to 3 years to decompose."Nature guide to the New Zealand forest", John Dawson and Rob Lucas, Godwit, 2000"The Trees of New Zealand", L. Cockyane, E. Phillips Turner, Government printer, 1943"Trees and shrubs of New Zealand", A.L. Poole and N.M. Adams, Government printer, 1963Gymnosperm.


Question: What is the facet of this object?

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Hexagon. In geometry, a hexagon (from Greek , , meaning "six", and , , meaning "corner, angle") is a six-sided polygon or 6-gon. The total of the internal angles of any simple (non-self-intersecting) hexagon is 720°.## Regular hexagon.A "regular hexagon" has Schläfli symbol {6} and can also be constructed as a truncated equilateral triangle, t{3}, which alternates two types of edges.A regular hexagon is defined as a hexagon that is both equilateral and equiangular. It is bicentric, meaning that it is both cyclic (has a circumscribed circle) and tangential (has an inscribed circle).The common length of the sides equals the radius.

Hexagon. of the circumscribed circle or circumcircle, which equals formula_1 times the apothem (radius of the inscribed circle). All internal angles are 120 degrees. A regular hexagon has six rotational symmetries ("rotational symmetry of order six") and six reflection symmetries ("six lines of symmetry"), making up the dihedral group D6. The longest diagonals of a regular hexagon, connecting diametrically opposite vertices, are twice the length of one side. From this it can be seen that a triangle with a vertex at the center of the regular hexagon and sharing one side with the hexagon is equilateral, and that the regular hexagon.

Hexagon. can be partitioned into six equilateral triangles.Like squares and equilateral triangles, regular hexagons fit together without any gaps to "tile the plane" (three hexagons meeting at every vertex), and so are useful for constructing tessellations. The cells of a beehive honeycomb are hexagonal for this reason and because the shape makes efficient use of space and building materials. The Voronoi diagram of a regular triangular lattice is the honeycomb tessellation of hexagons. It is not usually considered a triambus, although it is equilateral.## Parameters.The maximal diameter (which corresponds to the long diagonal of the hexagon), "D", is twice the maximal.

Hexagon. radius or circumradius, "R", which equals the side length, "t". The minimal diameter or the diameter of the inscribed circle (separation of parallel sides, flat-to-flat distance, short diagonal or height when resting on a flat base), "d", is twice the minimal radius or inradius, "r". The maxima and minima are related by the same factor:formula_2 and, similarly, formula_3The area of a regular hexagonformula_4For any regular polygon, the area can also be expressed in terms of the apothem "a" and the perimeter "p". For the regular hexagon these are given by "a" = "r", and "p"formula_5, soformula_6The regular hexagon fills the.

Hexagon. fraction formula_7 of its circumscribed circle.If a regular hexagon has successive vertices A, B, C, D, E, F and if P is any point on the circumcircle between B and C, then .It follows from the ratio of circumradius to inradius that the height-to-width ratio of a regular hexagon is 1:1.1547005; that is, a hexagon with a long diagonal of 1.0000000 will have a distance of 0.8660254 between parallel sides.## Point in plane.For an arbitrary point in the plane of a regular hexagon with circumradius formula_8, whose distances to the centroid of the regular hexagon and its six vertices are.

Hexagon. formula_9 and formula_10 respectively, we haveformula_11formula_12formula_13If formula_10 are the distances from the vertices of a regular hexagon to any point on its circumcircle, then formula_15## Symmetry.The "regular hexagon" has D6 symmetry. There are 16 subgroups. There are 8 up to isomorphism: itself (D6), 2 dihedral: (D3, D2), 4 cyclic: (Z6, Z3, Z2, Z1) and the trivial (e)These symmetries express nine distinct symmetries of a regular hexagon. John Conway labels these by a letter and group order. r12 is full symmetry, and a1 is no symmetry. p6, an isogonal hexagon constructed by three mirrors can alternate long and short edges, and.

Hexagon. d6, an isotoxal hexagon constructed with equal edge lengths, but vertices alternating two different internal angles. These two forms are duals of each other and have half the symmetry order of the regular hexagon. The i4 forms are regular hexagons flattened or stretched along one symmetry direction. It can be seen as an elongated rhombus, while d2 and p2 can be seen as horizontally and vertically elongated kites. g2 hexagons, with opposite sides parallel are also called hexagonal parallelogons.Each subgroup symmetry allows one or more degrees of freedom for irregular forms. Only the g6 subgroup has no degrees of freedom.

Hexagon. but can seen as directed edges.Hexagons of symmetry g2, i4, and r12, as parallelogons can tessellate the Euclidean plane by translation. Other hexagon shapes can tile the plane with different orientations.## A2 and G2 groups.The 6 roots of the simple Lie group , represented by a Dynkin diagram , are in a regular hexagonal pattern. The two simple roots have a 120° angle between them.The 12 roots of the Exceptional Lie group G2, represented by a Dynkin diagram are also in a hexagonal pattern. The two simple roots of two lengths have a 150° angle between them.## Dissection.Coxeter states that.

Hexagon. every zonogon (a 2"m"-gon whose opposite sides are parallel and of equal length) can be dissected into parallelograms. In particular this is true for regular polygons with evenly many sides, in which case the parallelograms are all rhombi. This decomposition of a regular hexagon is based on a Petrie polygon projection of a cube, with 3 of 6 square faces. Other parallelogons and projective directions of the cube are dissected within rectangular cuboids.## Related polygons and tilings.A regular hexagon has Schläfli symbol {6}. A regular hexagon is a part of the regular hexagonal tiling, {6,3}, with three hexagonal faces around.

Hexagon. each vertex.A regular hexagon can also be created as a truncated equilateral triangle, with Schläfli symbol t{3}. Seen with two types (colors) of edges, this form only has D3 symmetry.A truncated hexagon, t{6}, is a dodecagon, {12}, alternating two types (colors) of edges. An alternated hexagon, h{6}, is an equilateral triangle, {3}. A regular hexagon can be stellated with equilateral triangles on its edges, creating a hexagram. A regular hexagon can be dissected into six equilateral triangles by adding a center point. This pattern repeats within the regular triangular tiling.A regular hexagon can be extended into a regular dodecagon by.

Hexagon. adding alternating squares and equilateral triangles around it. This pattern repeats within the rhombitrihexagonal tiling.## Self-crossing hexagons.There are six self-crossing hexagons with the vertex arrangement of the regular hexagon:## Hexagonal structures.From bees' honeycombs to the Giant's Causeway, hexagonal patterns are prevalent in nature due to their efficiency. In a hexagonal grid each line is as short as it can possibly be if a large area is to be filled with the fewest hexagons. This means that honeycombs require less wax to construct and gain much strength under compression.Irregular hexagons with parallel opposite edges are called parallelogons and can also tile.

Hexagon. the plane by translation. In three dimensions, hexagonal prisms with parallel opposite faces are called parallelohedrons and these can tessellate 3-space by translation.## Tesselations by hexagons.In addition to the regular hexagon, which determines a unique tessellation of the plane, any irregular hexagon which satisfies the Conway criterion will tile the plane.## Hexagon inscribed in a conic section.Pascal's theorem (also known as the "Hexagrammum Mysticum Theorem") states that if an arbitrary hexagon is inscribed in any conic section, and pairs of opposite sides are extended until they meet, the three intersection points will lie on a straight line, the "Pascal line.

Hexagon. of that configuration.## Cyclic hexagon.The Lemoine hexagon is a cyclic hexagon (one inscribed in a circle) with vertices given by the six intersections of the edges of a triangle and the three lines that are parallel to the edges that pass through its symmedian point.If the successive sides of a cyclic hexagon are "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", then the three main diagonals intersect in a single point if and only if .If, for each side of a cyclic hexagon, the adjacent sides are extended to their intersection, forming a triangle exterior to the given side, then the segments.

Hexagon. connecting the circumcenters of opposite triangles are concurrent.If a hexagon has vertices on the circumcircle of an acute triangle at the six points (including three triangle vertices) where the extended altitudes of the triangle meet the circumcircle, then the area of the hexagon is twice the area of the triangle.## Hexagon tangential to a conic section.Let ABCDEF be a hexagon formed by six tangent lines of a conic section. Then Brianchon's theorem states that the three main diagonals AD, BE, and CF intersect at a single point.In a hexagon that is tangential to a circle and that has consecutive sides.

Hexagon. "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", and "f",formula_16## Equilateral triangles on the sides of an arbitrary hexagon.If an equilateral triangle is constructed externally on each side of any hexagon, then the midpoints of the segments connecting the centroids of opposite triangles form another equilateral triangle.## Skew hexagon.A skew hexagon is a skew polygon with six vertices and edges but not existing on the same plane. The interior of such an hexagon is not generally defined. A "skew zig-zag hexagon" has vertices alternating between two parallel planes.A regular skew hexagon is vertex-transitive with equal edge lengths. In three dimensions it will be.

Hexagon. a zig-zag skew hexagon and can be seen in the vertices and side edges of a triangular antiprism with the same D3d, [2+,6] symmetry, order 12.The cube and octahedron (same as triangular antiprism) have regular skew hexagons as petrie polygons.## Petrie polygons.The regular skew hexagon is the Petrie polygon for these higher dimensional regular, uniform and dual polyhedra and polytopes, shown in these skew orthogonal projections:## Convex equilateral hexagon.A "principal diagonal" of a hexagon is a diagonal which divides the hexagon into quadrilaterals. In any convex equilateral hexagon (one with all sides equal) with common side "a", there exists a.

Hexagon. principal diagonal "d"1 such thatformula_17and a principal diagonal "d"2 such thatformula_18## Polyhedra with hexagons.There is no Platonic solid made of only regular hexagons, because the hexagons tessellate, not allowing the result to "fold up". The Archimedean solids with some hexagonal faces are the truncated tetrahedron, truncated octahedron, truncated icosahedron (of soccer ball and fullerene fame), truncated cuboctahedron and the truncated icosidodecahedron. These hexagons can be considered truncated triangles, with Coxeter diagrams of the form and .There are other symmetry polyhedra with stretched or flattened hexagons, like these Goldberg polyhedron G(2,0):There are also 9 Johnson solids with regular hexagons: 24-cell: a.

Hexagon. four-dimensional figure which, like the hexagon, has orthoplex facets, is self-dual and tessellates Euclidean space Hexagonal crystal system Hexagonal number Hexagonal tiling: a regular tiling of hexagons in a plane Hexagram: six-sided star within a regular hexagon Unicursal hexagram: single path, six-sided star, within a hexagon Honeycomb conjecture Havannah: abstract board game played on a six-sided hexagonal gridDefinition and properties of a hexagon with interactive animation and construction with compass and straightedge.An Introduction to Hexagonal Geometry on Hexnet a website devoted to hexagon mathematics.Hexagons are the Bestagons an animated youtube video about hexagons.


Question: What is this place named after?

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Arch of Hadrian (Jerash). The Arch of Hadrian is an ancient Roman structure in Jerash, Jordan. It is an 11-metre high triple-arched gateway erected to honor the visit of Roman Emperor Hadrian to the city (then called Gerasa) in the winter of 129–130. The arch originally stood to almost 22 m and probably had wooden doors. It features some unconventional, possibly Nabataean, architectural features, such as acanthus bases. The columns are decorated with capitals at the bottom rather than the top. The monument served both as a commemorative arch and as an approach to Gerasa. The Arch's relative remoteness from the city walls points.

Arch of Hadrian (Jerash). to a plan for southward expansion of Gerasa during its heyday. The expansion, however, has not been implemented.## Description.In 2005, the arch was under restoration. Reconstruction was completed in 2007 and the arch is now roughly 21 meters high (about 36 feet), 37.45 meters long, and 9.25 meters wide. Each face of the arch has four engaged columns standing on pedestals and bases. Each pedestal is 2.20 meters high, 2.25 meters wide and 1.20 meters deep. The base of each column is topped by a row of acanthus leaves.There are three vaulted passageways on the lower level and each of.

Arch of Hadrian (Jerash). these is flanked by two columns with Corinthian capitals. The two flanked archways are topped with niches. Each niche is on top of a small entablature, which stands on two pilasters crowned with capitals.The arch was crowned with an attic, which might have held a dedicatory inscription. The lower part of the attic was decorated with a frieze of acanthus leaves and the central part was crowned with a triangular cornice.## Inscription.There was a marble "tabula ansata" panel that was 1.03 meters in height and 7.14 meters in width, with letters 12–13 cm tall.List of Roman triumphal archesArch of Hadrian.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this insect?

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Miomantis caffra. Miomantis caffra (common name: springbok mantis) is a species of praying mantis native to southern Africa. It appeared in New Zealand in 1978, and was found more recently in Portugal and Los Angeles, USA, likely spread through the exotic pet trade. Females are facultatively parthenogenetic and unmated females can produce viable offspring. ## Description.## Ootheca.The ootheca (egg case) of "M. caffra" is 12–30 mm long with rounded sides, soft creamy-brown, fawn or beige with a terminal handle-like extension. Hatching is not synchronised, and nymphs may emerge over a period of weeks or even over two seasons. Refrigeration of ootheca in.

Miomantis caffra. the exotic pet trade can delay their hatching.The oothecae are extremely hardy, and can survive winter to hatch even in the far south and alpine regions of New Zealand.## Nymphs.The nymphs are green or brown, body often longitudinally striped, limbs mottled, tip of abdomen curved upwards. Significant colour variation exists in nymphs and sub-adults, with bodies varying from pale straw-colour, bright green, and reddish brown, and legs varying from pale to almost black. Nymphs of "M. caffra" are cannibalistic, and will attack and eat one-another even in the presence of alternative prey. They do not discriminate against killing their own.

Miomantis caffra. siblings, and in encounters between two nymphs, the larger usually eats the smaller.## Adults.Adults of "M. caffra" are usually 32–60 mm long, pale green or brown, occasionally with pink or purplish colouration near base of fore-wing; hind wings are green or bright yellow. Pronotum narrower than head, approximately 1/3 of body length, rounded dorsally and swollen over the leg attachment. There are dark pigment spots on the inner surface of the fore-femur. Males are smaller, more slender and have longer antennae than females. The abdomen of an egg-bearing female extends well beyond the wings.## Behavior.In its natural environment, "M. caffra.

Miomantis caffra. tends to hide under leaves. Females of this species exhibit pre-copulatory cannibalism although males are sometimes eaten immediately after copulation.## New Zealand.In New Zealand "M. caffra" is commonly referred to as the springbok mantis or the South African praying mantis. The first specimens to be found in New Zealand were nymphs collected by an Auckland schoolboy at his home in New Lynn, Auckland during February 1978. These were reared to adulthood and a colony based on them was established and maintained by the Entomology Division, DSIR. Initially their identity caused problems as the specimens were unlike any other Australian or.

Miomantis caffra. Pacific species examined. Finally Dr A. Kaltenbach of the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, identified the specimens as a common Southern African species, "Miomantis caffra". Although not considered a pest species, it is thought to be displacing the New Zealand native species ("Orthodera novaezealandiae") in urban environments of northern New Zealand. This displacement may be facilitated by the attraction of the native mantis males to females of "M. caffra," which often results in their deaths due to sexual cannibalism.New Zealand Entomologist, 1984, Vol 8. Miomantis caffra, a new mantid record (Mantodea: Mantidae) for New Zealand. G. W. RAMSAYNZ Landcare Research.


Question: Who is the discoverer or inventor of this object?

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Aqua-Lung. Aqua-Lung was the first open-circuit, self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (or "scuba") to achieve worldwide popularity and commercial success. This class of equipment is now commonly referred to as a twin-hose diving regulator, or demand valve. The Aqua-Lung was invented in France during the winter of 1942–1943 by two Frenchmen: the engineer Émile Gagnan and the Naval Lieutenant (French: "lieutenant de vaisseau") Jacques Cousteau. It allowed Cousteau and Gagnan to film and explore underwater more easily.The invention revolutionised autonomous underwater diving by providing a compact, reliable system capable of a greater depth range and endurance than its precursors, and was a.

Aqua-Lung. Bernard Piel"). One of their apparatuses went to Émile Gagnan, an engineer employed by the Air Liquide company. Gagnan miniaturized and adapted it to gas generators in response to a fuel shortage, which was a consequence of German requisitioning. Gagnan's boss, Henri Melchior, knew that his son-in-law Jacques-Yves Cousteau was looking for an automatic demand regulator to increase the useful endurance of the underwater breathing apparatus invented by Commander Yves le Prieur, so he introduced Cousteau to Gagnan in December 1942. On Cousteau's initiative, the Gagnan regulator was modified for use in diving. Cousteau and Gagnan were issued a patent.

Aqua-Lung. French company.Air Liquide held the patent on the original "Aqualung" (also written as "Aqua-Lung" or "Aqua Lung") until the patent expired sometime around 1960 to 1963. The term "Aqualung", as far as is known, first appeared in print on page 3 of Jacques-Yves Cousteau's first book, "The Silent World", in 1953. Public use of the word "aqualung", and public interest in Aqualungs and scuba diving, were started around 1953 in English-speaking counties by a National Geographical Society Magazine article about Cousteau's underwater archaeological expedition to Grand Congloué. In France, aqualung diving was popularized by Cousteau's movie "Épaves", while his book.


Question: Which place is this insect endemic to?

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Pūriri moth. The pūriri moth (Aenetus virescens), also commonly called the ghost moth or pepetuna, is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. This moth is endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. It is New Zealand's largest moth, with a wingspan of up to 150 mm. It spends the first five to six years of its life as a grub in a tree trunk (common host plants are the pūriri tree ("Vitex lucens") and putaputāwētā ("Carpodetus serratus)", but pūriri larva also inhabit non-native species such as "Eucalyptus"), with the last 48 hours of its life as a moth. Footage.

Pūriri moth. has been taken of a pūriri moth chrysalis hatching over a period of one hour and forty minutes.## Taxonomy.This species was first described in 1843 by Edward Doubleday in the book "Travels in New Zealand" by Ernst Dieffenbach. Doubleday named the species "Hepialis uirescens". George Hudson discussed and illustrated this species under that name in his book "The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand." The moth is also commonly called the ghost moth or pepetuna.## Description.The pūriri moth is easily identifiable by its large size and vivid forewing colouration. Adults exhibit sexual dimorphism. With a wingspan that averages 100mm (for.

Pūriri moth. males) and 150mm (for females), it is New Zealand's largest native winged insect. The forewings generally exhibit a range of bright greens, with patterning of brownish black in females and a white pattern in males. The hind wings are a pinkish colour. There is colour variation within the species, with some individuals exhibiting blue-green, bright yellow, brick-red or even albino wing colouration.The moths are nocturnal forest-dwellers. In the past males frequently swarmed lights in areas inhabited by people, however with forest clearing, this has become less common.Pūriri moths are predated upon by birds, including kākā and moreporks (who tend to.

Pūriri moth. pūriri moth larva. The larva also inhabit native beech, tītoki, kānuka and maire and smaller trees such as mānuka, wineberry and houhere. Introduced plants such as eucalyptus, English oak, silver birch, lemon, apple and willow are also used as hosts.Host plants include: Smoky bracket "Alectryon excelsus," tītoki "Aristotelia serrata," wineberry or makomako "Buddleja davidii, Buddleia" "Carpodetus serratus," marbleleaf or putaputawētā Puriri moths discussed on RNZ "Critter of the Week" 23 Dec 2016 Timelapse video of a puriri moth hatching from its chrysalis. 3D model of a puriri grub (pepetuna).


Question: Which city or region does this building locate in?

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Old Gate (Speyer). The Old Gate (Altpoertel) is the medieval west city gate of Speyer, and is one of the original 68 towers in the old walls and gates. Today it is one of the largest (55 (m) tall) and most architecturally significant of the remaining city gates in Germany.## History.The Old Gate was built between 1230 and 1250 on the ruins of a previous tower. The bottom of the 13th century tower remains as the foundation but, in 1511, Speyer's mayor ordered that the tower be rebuilt, so the top portion is newer. It was completed in 1514. It was originally built.

Old Gate (Speyer). as an exterior gate, connecting the old town with the suburb of St. Gilgenvorstadt. A 20 (m) roof was added in 1708.The tower narrowly survived the destruction of Speyer in 1689, during the War of the Grand Alliance. French troops had placed explosives in the tower and were preparing to demolish it when the Prior of the nearby Carmelite monastery warned Marshal Duras that the tower's collapse might endanger the monastery and Duras' headquarters, which had been established nearby. When Duras responded that his soldiers knew how to demolish the building without danger, the entire Carmelite community knelt in front.

Old Gate (Speyer). of the French troops with their burning firebrands, to plead for the tower to be spared. "Our monastery is old and weak," the Prior pleaded with Duras. "If the towers fall, ... the rotten walls ... would be rocked from the enormous mass of falling stones, and therefore collapse. So please have compassion and spare the tower." After pondering for a few minutes, the Marshal commanded the Carmelites to rise. "Stand up children, the tower shall stand." While the Old Gate was spared, the city of Speyer and the cathedral were left in a heap of rubble.## Significance.The old gate.

Old Gate (Speyer). was constructed to mark the end of a "Via Triumphalis" that led from the cathedral to the city walls. On major religious occasions, the Emperor and his court would enter the city through the gate and proceed along this roadway—which was 25 to 30 (m) wide and 700 (m) long—to the cathedral.For security reasons, the only openings on the gate's west side are two rows of embrasures. The eastern side is more finely crafted. Above the gate's archway, there is a walkway around the tower. From that walkway, it is possible to see ten stone brackets that project from the.

Old Gate (Speyer). wall itself; these once connected the gate to the walls on the north and south sides of the Old Gate.## Calibration Shoe of Speyer.Until the beginning of the 19th century, Speyer had its own units for length and mass. On the northern side of the passage through the Old Gate hangs an iron bar, known as the "Calibration Shoe of Speyer" (Speyerer Werkschuh). This 28.899 (cm) bar, subdivided into twelve (local) inches, was available for any merchant in Speyer to use. Between 1772 and 1773, Senator Johannes Becker used it to measure the size of the city, including the four.

Old Gate (Speyer). communities outside the walls.City of Speyer website.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this bird?

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Spotted sandpiper. The spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularius) is a small shorebird. Together with its sister species the common sandpiper ("A. hypoleucos"), it makes up the genus "Actitis". They replace each other geographically; stray birds may settle down with breeders of the other species and hybridize.## Taxonomy.The spotted sandpiper was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1766 in the twelfth edition of his "Systema Naturae" under the binomial name "Tringa macularia". The type locality is Pennsylvania. The species is now placed together with common sandpiper in the genus "Actitis" that was introduced in 1811 by the German zoologist Johann Illiger.

Spotted sandpiper. The genus name "Actitis" is from Ancient Greek "aktites" meaning "coast-dweller" from "akte" meaning "coast". The specific epithet "macularius" is Latin meaning "spotted". The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.## Description.Adults have short yellowish legs and an orange bill with a dark tip. The body is brown on top and white underneath with black spots. These spots vary in degree over the course of spotted sandpipers' lives, becoming especially prevalent around the breeding season. The overall health of spotted sandpipers may be suggested by the "spottiness" of an individual. Generally, females with more "spottiness" were healthier than those who.

Spotted sandpiper. did not have as many spots. The condition of males based on the amount of spots they exhibit is yet to be determined. Additionally, spot size gets smaller and the spot shape becomes more irregularly shaped as age increases. Spotted sandpipers also feature a white supercilium.Non-breeding birds, depicted below, do not have the spotted underparts, and are very similar to the common sandpiper of Eurasia; the main difference is the more washed-out wing pattern visible in flight and the normally light yellow legs and feet of the spotted sandpiper. The "Actitis" species have a distinctive stiff-winged flight low over the.

Spotted sandpiper. the decrease of spotted sandpipers is not projected to slow or stop in the future. The destruction of their natural habitats due to increasing wildfires causes problems for breeding and raising offspring. Additionally, the gradual increase in temperatures poses a problem for newborn sandpipers. Vinicombe, Keith (2006) ID in depth: Spotted Sandpiper "Birdwatch" 171: 29-31 Spotted Sandpiper Species Account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology Spotted Sandpiper - "Actitis macularia" - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter.


Question: Where is this insect native to?

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Nyctemera annulata. Nyctemera annulata, the magpie moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1832. It is endemic to New Zealand and found in all parts of the country.## Description.The magpie moth's "woolly bear" caterpillars are around 35–38 mm when fully grown and predominantly black with lines of red down its sides and back, blue spots and tufts of hair on each segment. Its liking for the introduced ragwort causes its caterpillars to be sometimes misidentified as those of the cinnabar moth which was introduced as a biological control for ragwort. By.

Nyctemera annulata. can be seen flying over the tops of host plants."Nyctemera annulata" is closely related to "Nyctemera amica", an Australian species which also occurs in New Zealand. The two species may be able to interbreed."Nyctemera annulata annulata" (New Zealand)"Nyctemera annulata antipodea" (Antipodes Islands)## Distribution.## Natural global range."Nyctemera annulata" is only found in New Zealand.## New Zealand range."Nyctemera annulata" is found all over New Zealand, both in the North and South Islands as well as on smaller outlying islands. The "N. annulata" caterpillar have the ability to freeze themselves and survive. This tolerance of cold weather and freezing temperatures has ensured they.

Nyctemera annulata. are able to exist throughout New Zealand.## Habitat preferences."Nyctemera annulata" are only present in habitats where "Senecio" species occur. They are found most commonly in natural habitats but were also found to occur modified and urban habitats as long as "Senecio" host plants were present, either naturalized or native.## Life cycle/phenology.The life cycle of "Nyctemera annulata" takes 6–7 weeks to complete and requires warm weather with the winter being passed in the pupa stage. The moth will lay yellow eggs on the undersides of herbaceous Senecio species. The eggs gradually become dark and will hatch after approximately 6 – 7.

Nyctemera annulata. of year.## Diet and foraging.The primary food source of "Nyctemera annulata" are plants from the tribe Senecioinae of the Asteraceae. Thirty three species are known to exist in the wild and New Zealand has 19 native "Senecio" species with 14 of them naturalised exotics. "N. annulata" diet is specifically limited to one specific plant. Even though the magpie moth is a native, it has been found that they do not restrict themselves to only the native Senecio species in New Zealand and will also feed on exotic introduced species."N. annulata" is a monophagous herbivore insect meaning that their diet is.

Nyctemera annulata. limited to a species of plant. A study found that "N. annulata" did not restrict itself to the native "Senecio" although the insects were found more frequently in the native forested areas than in the urban/rural area These findings are based on research in the Auckland area, and the study found that the numbers of "Nyctemera" would be far fewer if there were not the naturalised exotic species available to them.The most common form of "Senecio" found in New Zealand is the introduced 'ragwort' ("Jacobaea vulgaris") - a weed in most cultivated areas of the country and the magpie moth.

Nyctemera annulata. answer would depend on which way the pupa wriggled – up to indicate "yes" and down was for "no".There has been some research into the role of plant metabolites, particularly pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are sequestered by "N. annulata". The alkaloids are produced by the plant as a defence against herbivory and the larvae of the moth take them up, potentially also as a form of defense suggested by the high levels of toxin found in the moth. This may be another reason there is not much predation of either the larvae or moth.Species info at Monarch.org.nz.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Prumnopitys ferruginea. Prumnopitys ferruginea, commonly called miro, is an evergreen coniferous tree which is endemic to New Zealand. Before the genus "Prumnopitys" was distinguished, it was treated in the related genus "Podocarpus" as "Podocarpus ferrugineus".It grows up to 25 m high, with a trunk up to 1.3 m diameter. The leaves are linear to sickle-shaped, 15–25 mm long and 2–3 mm broad, with downcurved margins. The plants are dioecious with pollen cones being solitary while those of female plants hang from a curved, scaly stalk. The seed cones are highly modified, reduced to a central stem 2–3 cm long bearing 1-3 scales,.

Prumnopitys ferruginea. each scale maturing berry-like, oval, about 20 mm long and 10–15 mm broad, red to purple-red with a soft edible pulp covering the single seed. The seeds are dispersed by the New Zealand pigeon, which eats the very conspicuous 'berries' and passes the seeds in its droppings. It is found growing on both lowland terrain and on hill slopes throughout the two main islands as well as on Stewart Island/Rakiura (47° S). The Tree can live for at least 600 years.The scientific name "ferruginea" derives from the rusty colour of dried herbarium specimens of the leaves.## Distinguishing miro from matai.Miro.

Prumnopitys ferruginea. is distinguished from the related, and (initially) very similar looking matai ("Prumnopitys taxifolia") in four aspects of its anatomy; its cones, bark, seeds and leaves. Miro trees have longer, broader leaves with green undersides while those of matai leaves are white. In addition, the leaves of miro generally narrow to a point, whereas those of matai are rounded, sometimes with a small point right at the very tip. Fine, flat, feathery foliage.Miro trees have cones of some hue of red in colour while those of matai are blue-black. Miro also have relatively longer cones which are oval and red in.

Prumnopitys ferruginea. colour.Like matai, the bark of more mature miro trees flakes off to leave a distinctive "hammer mark pattern", but unlike matai, the pattern is not as pronounced nor as colourful (areas from which bark flakes have recently fallen in matai often have a striking red colour that fades over time back to brown). these leaves take up to 3 years to decompose."Nature guide to the New Zealand forest", John Dawson and Rob Lucas, Godwit, 2000"The Trees of New Zealand", L. Cockyane, E. Phillips Turner, Government printer, 1943"Trees and shrubs of New Zealand", A.L. Poole and N.M. Adams, Government printer, 1963Gymnosperm.

Prumnopitys ferruginea. Database: "Prumnopitys ferruginea"Photos of tree and foliage with cones.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this bird?

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Loggerhead shrike. The loggerhead shrike ("Lanius ludovicianus") is a passerine bird in the family Laniidae. It is the only member of the shrike family endemic to North America; the related northern shrike ("L. borealis") occurs north of its range, however it is also found in Siberia. It is nicknamed the butcherbird after its carnivorous tendencies, as it consumes prey such as amphibians, insects, lizards, small mammals and small birds, and some prey end up displayed and stored at a site, for example in a tree. Due to its small size and weak talons, this predatory bird relies on impaling its prey upon.

Loggerhead shrike. thorns or barbed wire for facilitated consumption. The numbers of loggerhead shrike have significantly decreased in recent years, especially in Midwestern, New England and Mid-Atlantic areas.## Taxonomy.In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the loggerhead shrike in his "Ornithologie" based on a specimen collected in Louisiana in the United States. He used the French name "La pie-griesche de la Louisiane" and the Latin "Lanius ludovicianus". Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not usually conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766 the Swedish.

Loggerhead shrike. naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his "Systema Naturae" for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the loggerhead shrike. Linnaeus included a brief description, adopted the binomial name "Lanius ludovicianus" (identical to Brisson's Latin name) and cited Brisson's work. The specific name "ludovic" is Late Latin for "Louis" and the epithet “-ianus” is to describe something being of another or possessed by it. When translated, its scientific name means something alongside the lines of “Louis’ butcher”. “Loggerhead,” a similar word to “blockhead,” refers to the unusually large head to body.

Loggerhead shrike. that the wing-chord-to-tail-length ratio was an important indicator for distinguishing between subspecies. "Lanius ludovicianus migrans", found in eastern North America, can be distinguished from the western subspecies, "L. l. excubitorides" by wing length, tail length, and colour. "L. l. migrans" have a paler forehead than the top of the head.According to Mundy et al.’s 1997 study, there is a substantial genetic difference between the island subspecies "L. l. mearnsi" and the mainland subspecies "L. l. gambeli" due to a gene flow barrier between the two species.## Description.The loggerhead shrike is a medium-sized passerine. "Loggerhead" refers to the relatively large size.

Loggerhead shrike. Account – Cornell Lab of OrnithologyLoggerhead Shrike – "Lanius ludovicianus" – USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenterStamps (for Mexico) with Range Map at bird-stamps.org Recording of its call.


Question: What is this plant named after?

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Macadamia. an important source of bushfood for the Aboriginal peoples who are the original inhabitants of the area.The nut was first commercially produced on a wide scale in Hawaii, where Australian seeds were introduced in the 1880s, and for some time they were the world's largest producer. South Africa has been the world's largest producer of the macadamia since the 2010s.## Etymology.The German-Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller gave the genus the name "Macadamia" in 1857 in honour of the Scottish-Australian chemist, medical teacher and politician John Macadam, who was the honorary Secretary of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria beginning in 1857.##.

Macadamia. requires around 2000 N to crack. The shell material is five times harder than hazelnut shells and has mechanical properties similar to aluminum. It has a Vickers hardness of 35.1828Allan Cunningham was the first European to encounter the macadamia plant, in Australia.1857 - 1858German-Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller gave the genus the scientific name "Macadamia". He named it after his friend John Macadam, a noted scientist and secretary of the Philosophical Institute of Australia.1858'Bauple nuts' were discovered in Bauple, Queensland; they are now known as macadamia nuts.Walter Hill, superintendent of the Brisbane Botanic Gardens (Australia), observed a boy eating the.


Question: What is this building dedicated to?

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Marble Church, Bodelwyddan. of stained glass on the north and south sides, featuring Saint Margaret and Saint Kentigern. It is a popular tourist destination. The church was designated with Grade II* listed status in November 1962.Until the latter part of the 20th century the church, and in particular its high steeple, was very distinctive because it was so white. With the passage of time, pollution has resulted in the colour becoming more grey, and therefore more like other stone buildings.Local government reorganisation resulted in the church being in Flintshire until 1974, in Clwyd from 1974 until 1996, and since then in Denbighshire.## Churchyard.Immediately.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

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Buddleja davidii. Buddleja davidii (spelling variant "Buddleia davidii"), also called summer lilac, butterfly-bush, or orange eye, is a species of flowering plant in the family Scrophulariaceae, native to Sichuan and Hubei provinces in central China, and also Japan. It is widely used as an ornamental plant, and many named varieties are in cultivation. The genus was named "Buddleja" after Reverend Adam Buddle, an English botanist. The species name "davidii" honors the French missionary and explorer in China, Father Armand David, who was the first European to report the shrub. It was found near Ichang by Dr Augustine Henry about 1887 and sent.

Buddleja davidii. to St Petersburg. Another botanist-missionary in China, Jean-André Soulié, sent seed to the French nursery Vilmorin, and "B. davidii" entered commerce in the 1890s."B. davidii" was accorded the RHS Award of Merit (AM) in 1898, and the Award of Garden Merit (AGM) in 1941.## Description."Buddleja davidii" is a vigorous shrub with an arching habit, growing to 5 (m) in height. The pale brown bark becomes deeply fissured with age. The branches are quadrangular in section, the younger shoots covered in a dense indumentum. The opposite lanceolate leaves are 7 - 13 (cm) long, tomentose beneath when young. The honey-scented lilac.

Buddleja davidii. to purple inflorescences are terminal panicles, < 20 (cm) long. Flowers are perfect (having both male and female parts), hence are hermaphrodite rather than monoecious (separate male and female flowers on the same plant) as is often incorrectly stated. Ploidy 2"n" = 76 (tetraploid).## "Buddleja davidii", after Leeuwenberg.In his 1979 revision of the taxonomy of the African and Asiatic species of "Buddleja", the Dutch botanist Anthonius Leeuwenberg sank the six varieties of the species as synonyms of the type, considering them to be within the natural variation of a species, and unworthy of varietal recognition. It was Leeuwenberg's taxonomy which.

Buddleja davidii. was adopted in the "Flora of China" published in 1996. However, as the distinctions of the former varieties are still widely recognized in horticulture, they are treated separately here: ## Cultivation."Buddleja davidii" cultivars are much appreciated worldwide as ornamentals and for the value of their flowers as a nectar source for many species of butterfly. However, the plant does not provide food for butterfly larvae, and buddlejas might out-compete the host plants that caterpillars require.The species and its cultivars are not able to survive the harsh winters of northern or montane climates, being killed by temperatures below about -15 to.

Buddleja davidii. -20 (C).Younger wood is more floriferous, so even if frosts do not kill the previous year's growth, the shrub is usually hard-pruned in spring once frosts have finished, to encourage new growth. The removal of spent flower panicles may be undertaken to reduce the nuisance of self-seeding and encourage further flower production; this extends the flowering season which is otherwise limited to about six weeks, although the flowers of the second and third flushes are invariably smaller.Hardiness: USDA zones 5–9.There are approximately 180 "davidii" cultivars, as well as numerous hybrids with "B. globosa" and "B. fallowiana" grown in gardens. Many.

Buddleja davidii. cultivars are of a dwarf habit, growing to no more than 1.5 (m). A plant-evaluation manager at the Chicago Botanic Garden in Glencoe, Illinois (USDA Hardiness zone 5b) rated nearly 50 "Buddlejia" varieties and cultivars during a six-year trial period, summarizing in 2015 the charactistics of each and the study's findings. University studies have suggested that nectaring butterflies have greater preferences for some "Buddleja" cultivators than for others, with Lo & Behold 'Blue Chip' and 'Pink Delight' heading a list of eleven. Other notable cultivars and hybrids include 'Golden Glow' and 'Silver Frost'. ## Invasive species."Buddleja davidii" has been designated.

Buddleja davidii. as an invasive species or a "noxious weed" in a number of countries in temperate regions, including the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and New Zealand. It is naturalized in Australia and in many cities of central and southern Europe, where it can spread on open lands and in gardens. "B. davidii" was first documented as an invasive species in the United Kingdom during 1922. It is now often seen there along railway lines and on the sites of derelict factories and other buildings. The plant frequently grew on urban bomb sites during the aftermath of World War II,.

Buddleja davidii. earning it the nickname of "the bomb site plant"."B. davidii" is widely marketed throughout the United States, where it has reportedly become invasive in some, but not all, areas within which it has been planted. Although its flowers feed many native butterflies and other pollinators, plantings of the species are now controversial. To prevent seeding and to promote further flowering, its blossoms need to be removed ("deadheaded") as soon as they are spent. A number of "Buddleja" cultivars have become available that have a variety of sizes and blossom colors and that are either sterile or produce less than 2%.

Buddleja davidii. viable seed. The northwestern U.S. state of Oregon, which designated "B. davidii" as a "noxious weed" and initially prohibited entry, transport, purchase, sale or propagation of all of its varieties, amended its quarantine in 2009 to permit those cultivars when approved or when proven to be interspecific hybrids. The adjacent state of Washington has taken actions that are similar to those of Oregon to bring parity to nursery sales between the two states. "Monarch Watch" recommends planting only male-sterile "Flutterby" cultivars.## Non-invasive Buddleja cultivars.Vendors have marketed the following "non-invasive" "Buddleja" cultivars:Flutterby Petite® Blue HeavenLo & Behold® ‘Blue Chip’Lo & Behold®.

Buddleja davidii. 'Blue Chip Jr.'Lo & Behold® ‘Ice Chip’ (formerly ‘White Icing’)Lo & Behold® ‘Lilac Chip’Lo & Behold® 'Pink Micro Chip'Lo & Behold® ‘Purple Haze’ ('Purple Chip')‘Miss Molly’ ('Red Chip')‘Miss Ruby’ — for "Buddleja davidii" cultivars.Van Laere K (2008) Interspecific hybridisation in woody ornamentals. PhD. Thesis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityFranchet, M.A. (1887). "Plantae Davidianae ex sinarum imperio", part 2 "Plantes du Thibet Oriental (Province de Moupine)". (Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Paris), ser. 2, 10: 33-198.Li, P. T. & Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. (1996). Loganiaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) "Flora of China", Vol. 15. Science Press,.

Buddleja davidii. Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. online at www.efloras.orgFloridata: "Buddleja davidii"BBC Gardening: "Buddleja davidii"Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): "Buddleja davidii"USDA PLANTS Profile: "Buddleja davidii"RHS Buddleja Trials Report.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this bird?

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Peregrine falcon. The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), also known as the peregrine, and historically as the duck hawk in North America, is a cosmopolitan bird of prey (raptor) in the family Falconidae. A large, crow-sized falcon, it has a blue-grey back, barred white underparts, and a black head. The peregrine is renowned for its speed, reaching up to 200 (mph) during its characteristic hunting stoop (high-speed dive), making it the fastest member of the animal kingdom. According to a "National Geographic" TV program, the highest measured speed of a peregrine falcon is 389 (km/h). As is typical for bird-eating raptors, peregrine falcons.

Peregrine falcon. which in turn now supports many peregrine populations as a prey species. The peregrine is a highly successful example of urban wildlife in much of its range, taking advantage of tall buildings as nest sites and an abundance of prey such as pigeons and ducks. Both the English and scientific names of this species mean "wandering falcon," referring to the migratory habits of many northern populations. Experts recognize 17 to 19 subspecies, which vary in appearance and range; disagreement exists over whether the distinctive Barbary falcon is represented by two subspecies of "Falco peregrinus," or is a separate species, "F.

Peregrine falcon. radiation. That supports the solar glare hypothesis.## Taxonomy and systematics."Falco peregrinus" was first described under its current binomial name by English ornithologist Marmaduke Tunstall in his 1771 work "Ornithologia Britannica". The scientific name "Falco peregrinus" is a Medieval Latin phrase that was used by Albertus Magnus in 1225. The specific name is taken from the fact that juvenile birds were taken while journeying to their breeding location rather than from the nest, as falcon nests were difficult to get at. The Latin term for falcon, , is related to , meaning "sickle", in reference to the silhouette of the falcon's.

Peregrine falcon. mya in the Gelasian).## Subspecies.Numerous subspecies of "Falco peregrinus" have been described, with 19 accepted by the 1994 "Handbook of the Birds of the World", which considers the Barbary falcon of the Canary Islands and coastal North Africa to be two subspecies ("pelegrinoides" and "babylonicus") of "Falco peregrinus", rather than a distinct species, "F. pelegrinoides". The following map shows the general ranges of these 19 subspecies., described by Bonaparte in 1838, is known as the American peregrine falcon or "duck hawk"; its scientific name means "duck peregrine falcon". At one time, it was partly included in "leucogenys". It is mainly.

Peregrine falcon. weigh 800 (to(-)). It has become extinct in eastern North America and populations there are hybrids as a result of reintroductions of birds from elsewhere.Falco peregrinus babylonicus, described by P.L. Sclater in 1861, is found in eastern Iran along the Hindu Kush and the Tian Shan to the Mongolian Altai ranges. A few birds winter in northern and northwestern India, mainly in dry semi-desert habitats. It is paler than "pelegrinoides" and somewhat similar to a small, pale lanner falcon ("Falco biarmicus"). Males weigh 330 to 400 (g), while females weigh 513 to 765 (g)., described by Sharpe in 1873, is.

Peregrine falcon. includes "caeruleiceps". It breeds in the Arctic tundra of Eurasia from Murmansk Oblast to roughly Yana and Indigirka Rivers, Siberia. It is completely migratory and travels south in winter as far as South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. It is often seen around wetland habitats. It is paler than the nominate subspecies, especially on the crown. Males weigh 588 (to(-)), while females weigh 925 (to(-)).Falco peregrinus cassini, described by Sharpe in 1873, is also known as the austral peregrine falcon. It includes "kreyenborgi", the pallid falcon, a leucistic colour morph occurring in southernmost South America, which was long believed to be.

Peregrine falcon. a distinct species. Its range includes South America from Ecuador through Bolivia, northern Argentina and Chile to Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands. It is non-migratory. It is similar to the nominate subspecies, but slightly smaller with a black ear region. The pallid falcon morph "kreyenborgi" is medium grey above, has little barring below and has a head pattern like the saker falcon ("Falco cherrug"), but the ear region is white.Falco peregrinus ernesti, described by Sharpe in 1894, is found from the Sunda Islands to the Philippines and south to eastern New Guinea and the nearby Bismarck Archipelago. Its.

Peregrine falcon. geographical separation from "nesiotes" requires confirmation. It is non-migratory. It differs from the nominate subspecies in the very dark, dense barring on its underside and its black ear coverts.Falco peregrinus furuitii, described by Momiyama in 1927, is found on the Izu and Ogasawara Islands south of Honshū, Japan. It is non-migratory. It is very rare and may only remain on a single island. It is a dark form, resembling "pealei" in colour, but darker, especially on the tail.Falco peregrinus japonensis, described by Gmelin in 1788, includes "kleinschmidti", "pleskei", and "harterti", and seems to refer to intergrades with "calidus". It is.

Peregrine falcon. found from northeast Siberia to Kamchatka (though it is possibly replaced by "pealei" on the coast there) and Japan. Northern populations are migratory, while those of Japan are resident. It is similar to the nominate subspecies, but the young are even darker than those of "anatum".Falco peregrinus macropus, described by Swainson in 1837, is the Australian peregrine falcon. It is found in Australia in all regions except the southwest. It is non-migratory. It is similar to "brookei" in appearance, but is slightly smaller and the ear region is entirely black. The feet are proportionally large.Falco peregrinus madens, described by Ripley.

Peregrine falcon. and Watson in 1963, is unusual in having some sexual dichromatism. If the Barbary falcon (see below) is considered a distinct species, it is sometimes placed therein. It is found in the Cape Verde Islands and is non-migratory; it is also endangered, with only six to eight pairs surviving. Males have a rufous wash on the crown, nape, ears and back; the underside is conspicuously washed pinkish-brown. Females are tinged rich brown overall, especially on the crown and nape.Falco peregrinus minor, first described by Bonaparte in 1850. It was formerly often known as "perconfusus". It is sparsely and patchily distributed.

Peregrine falcon. and the Aleutian Islands to the far eastern Bering Sea coast of Russia, and may also occur on the Kuril Islands and the coasts of Kamchatka. It is non-migratory. It is the largest subspecies and it looks like an oversized and darker "tundrius" or like a strongly barred and large "anatum". The bill is very wide. Juveniles occasionally have pale crowns. Males weigh 700 (to(-)), while females weigh 1000 (to(-)).Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides, first described by Temminck in 1829, is found in the Canary Islands through North Africa and the Near East to Mesopotamia. It is most similar to "brookei", but.

Peregrine falcon. is markedly paler above, with a rusty neck, and is a light buff with reduced barring below. It is smaller than the nominate subspecies; females weigh around 610 (g).Falco peregrinus peregrinator, described by Sundevall in 1837, is known as the Indian peregrine falcon, black shaheen, Indian shaheen or shaheen falcon. It was formerly sometimes known as "Falco atriceps" or "Falco shaheen". Its range includes South Asia from across the Indian subcontinent to Sri Lanka and southeastern China. In India, the shaheen falcon is reported from all states except Uttar Pradesh, mainly from rocky and hilly regions. The shaheen falcon is.

Peregrine falcon. higher hills, while the migrant "calidus" is more often seen along the coast., the nominate (first-named) subspecies, described by Tunstall in 1771, breeds over much of temperate Eurasia between the tundra in the north and the Pyrenees, Mediterranean region and Alpide belt in the south. It is mainly non-migratory in Europe, but migratory in Scandinavia and Asia. Males weigh 580 (to(-)), while females weigh 925 (to(-)). It includes "brevirostris", "germanicus", "rhenanus" and "riphaeus".Falco peregrinus radama, described by Hartlaub in 1861, is found in Madagascar and the Comoros. It is non-migratory.Falco peregrinus submelanogenys, described by Mathews in 1912, is the Southwest.

Peregrine falcon. down and have disproportionately large feet. The male (called the "") and the female (simply called the "falcon") both leave the nest to gather prey to feed the young. The hunting territory of the parents can extend a radius of 19 to 24 (km) from the nest site. Chicks fledge 42 to 46 days after hatching, and remain dependent on their parents for up to two months.## Predators and parasites.The peregrine falcon is host to a range of parasites and pathogens. It is a vector for Avipoxvirus, Newcastle disease virus, Falconid herpesvirus 1 (and possibly other Herpesviridae), and some mycoses.

Peregrine falcon. peregrine falcons throughout the contiguous United States. Several peregrine subspecies were included in the breeding stock, including birds of Eurasian origin. Due to the extirpation of the eastern population of "Falco peregrinus anatum", the near-extirpation of "anatum" in the Midwest and the limited gene pool within North American breeding stock, the inclusion of non-native subspecies was justified to optimize the genetic diversity found within the species as a whole.During the 1970s, peregrine falcons in Finland experienced a population bottleneck as a result of large declines associated with bio-accumulation of organochloride pesticides. However, the genetic diversity of peregrines in Finland is.

Peregrine falcon. an injured peregrine falcon and the endangered species program. It was filmed with the assistance of the University of California's peregrine falcon project in Santa Cruz.Streamed footage from several webcams at the University of California, Berkeley, that followed a breeding pair on a university bell tower achieved notoriety in the early2020s. Webcams such as these which livestream the daily lives of urban peregrines are immensely popular, and are essential for the outreach programmes of raptor conservationists around the world. List of birds by flight speed Perilanner, a hybrid of the peregrine falcon and the lanner falcon ("Falco biarmicus") Perlin, a.

Peregrine falcon. hybrid of the peregrine falcon and the merlin ("Falco columbarius") Conservation organizations Arctic Raptors – Ongoing research with raptors in the Canadian Arctic Falcon Research Group Peregrine Falcon Fund The Canadian Peregrine Foundation Peregrine Falcon Recovery Project (Manitoba) London Peregrine Partnership (UK) Video and other media of peregrines Live webcams at a Peregrine nest site in Landshut (Scroll down and press play button.) A video of the falcon stooping at a top speed of 389 (km/h). Derby Cathedral Peregrine Project, UK. Links to webcams and video sequences Norwich Cathedral Peregrine Web Cam 2015, UK. The Raptor Resource Project. Links to.

Peregrine falcon. Peregrine Falcon webcams Peregrines on Brussels Cathedral Photo documentation of Peregrines returning to south California beach cliffs after over 50 years absence Nottingham Trent University, where peregrines return to breed on the top of the Newton building every year. Includes images and webcam. University of Massachusetts Amherst Live Falcon Cam at the top of the W.E.B. DuBois library, active each year from when the bonded pair of peregrine falcons brood eggs until the chicks are fledged. Worcester Peregrine Falcon Project, UK. Includes feeds from 'Peregrines in Worcester' Facebook Fan page, YouTube & Flickr photo groups Peregrine Falcon Banding, Metropolitan Transportation.

Peregrine falcon. Authority Bridges and Tunnels; 3 June 2010; 3-minute YouTube video clip Throgs Neck Bridge Peregrine Banding 2011, Metropolitan Transportation Authority Bridges and Tunnels; 27 May 2011; 10:54 YouTube video clip Peregrine Falcon Banding 2012, Metropolitan Transportation Authority Bridges and Tunnels; 4 June 2012; 2:40 YouTube video clip Peregrine Falcon Banding 2016, Metropolitan Transportation Authority Bridges and Tunnels; 2 June 2016; 4:15 YouTube video clip.


Question: Building is a symbol of which evolutionary movement?

Instruction: You have to find a Wikipedia segment that answers the question about the displayed image.

El Cap de Barcelona. art until the late 1970s, and prior to this his main focus was on pop art. He mainly painted on large canvases and his paintings resembled comic-strip art; his signature use of bold primary colors, thick dark lines, thought bubbles containing context and sound effects, and dots used as a method of shading, can be seen in most of his works from 1961 and later, starting with his painting "Look Mickey".Although it is very abstract, it is clear that the sculpture was made to resemble the head and face of a woman. It is made up of thick pieces of.


Question: What is the facet of this object?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Hexagon. In geometry, a hexagon (from Greek , , meaning "six", and , , meaning "corner, angle") is a six-sided polygon or 6-gon. The total of the internal angles of any simple (non-self-intersecting) hexagon is 720°.## Regular hexagon.A "regular hexagon" has Schläfli symbol {6} and can also be constructed as a truncated equilateral triangle, t{3}, which alternates two types of edges.A regular hexagon is defined as a hexagon that is both equilateral and equiangular. It is bicentric, meaning that it is both cyclic (has a circumscribed circle) and tangential (has an inscribed circle).The common length of the sides equals the radius.

Hexagon. of the circumscribed circle or circumcircle, which equals formula_1 times the apothem (radius of the inscribed circle). All internal angles are 120 degrees. A regular hexagon has six rotational symmetries ("rotational symmetry of order six") and six reflection symmetries ("six lines of symmetry"), making up the dihedral group D6. The longest diagonals of a regular hexagon, connecting diametrically opposite vertices, are twice the length of one side. From this it can be seen that a triangle with a vertex at the center of the regular hexagon and sharing one side with the hexagon is equilateral, and that the regular hexagon.

Hexagon. can be partitioned into six equilateral triangles.Like squares and equilateral triangles, regular hexagons fit together without any gaps to "tile the plane" (three hexagons meeting at every vertex), and so are useful for constructing tessellations. The cells of a beehive honeycomb are hexagonal for this reason and because the shape makes efficient use of space and building materials. The Voronoi diagram of a regular triangular lattice is the honeycomb tessellation of hexagons. It is not usually considered a triambus, although it is equilateral.## Parameters.The maximal diameter (which corresponds to the long diagonal of the hexagon), "D", is twice the maximal.

Hexagon. radius or circumradius, "R", which equals the side length, "t". The minimal diameter or the diameter of the inscribed circle (separation of parallel sides, flat-to-flat distance, short diagonal or height when resting on a flat base), "d", is twice the minimal radius or inradius, "r". The maxima and minima are related by the same factor:formula_2 and, similarly, formula_3The area of a regular hexagonformula_4For any regular polygon, the area can also be expressed in terms of the apothem "a" and the perimeter "p". For the regular hexagon these are given by "a" = "r", and "p"formula_5, soformula_6The regular hexagon fills the.

Hexagon. fraction formula_7 of its circumscribed circle.If a regular hexagon has successive vertices A, B, C, D, E, F and if P is any point on the circumcircle between B and C, then .It follows from the ratio of circumradius to inradius that the height-to-width ratio of a regular hexagon is 1:1.1547005; that is, a hexagon with a long diagonal of 1.0000000 will have a distance of 0.8660254 between parallel sides.## Point in plane.For an arbitrary point in the plane of a regular hexagon with circumradius formula_8, whose distances to the centroid of the regular hexagon and its six vertices are.

Hexagon. formula_9 and formula_10 respectively, we haveformula_11formula_12formula_13If formula_10 are the distances from the vertices of a regular hexagon to any point on its circumcircle, then formula_15## Symmetry.The "regular hexagon" has D6 symmetry. There are 16 subgroups. There are 8 up to isomorphism: itself (D6), 2 dihedral: (D3, D2), 4 cyclic: (Z6, Z3, Z2, Z1) and the trivial (e)These symmetries express nine distinct symmetries of a regular hexagon. John Conway labels these by a letter and group order. r12 is full symmetry, and a1 is no symmetry. p6, an isogonal hexagon constructed by three mirrors can alternate long and short edges, and.

Hexagon. d6, an isotoxal hexagon constructed with equal edge lengths, but vertices alternating two different internal angles. These two forms are duals of each other and have half the symmetry order of the regular hexagon. The i4 forms are regular hexagons flattened or stretched along one symmetry direction. It can be seen as an elongated rhombus, while d2 and p2 can be seen as horizontally and vertically elongated kites. g2 hexagons, with opposite sides parallel are also called hexagonal parallelogons.Each subgroup symmetry allows one or more degrees of freedom for irregular forms. Only the g6 subgroup has no degrees of freedom.

Hexagon. but can seen as directed edges.Hexagons of symmetry g2, i4, and r12, as parallelogons can tessellate the Euclidean plane by translation. Other hexagon shapes can tile the plane with different orientations.## A2 and G2 groups.The 6 roots of the simple Lie group , represented by a Dynkin diagram , are in a regular hexagonal pattern. The two simple roots have a 120° angle between them.The 12 roots of the Exceptional Lie group G2, represented by a Dynkin diagram are also in a hexagonal pattern. The two simple roots of two lengths have a 150° angle between them.## Dissection.Coxeter states that.

Hexagon. every zonogon (a 2"m"-gon whose opposite sides are parallel and of equal length) can be dissected into parallelograms. In particular this is true for regular polygons with evenly many sides, in which case the parallelograms are all rhombi. This decomposition of a regular hexagon is based on a Petrie polygon projection of a cube, with 3 of 6 square faces. Other parallelogons and projective directions of the cube are dissected within rectangular cuboids.## Related polygons and tilings.A regular hexagon has Schläfli symbol {6}. A regular hexagon is a part of the regular hexagonal tiling, {6,3}, with three hexagonal faces around.

Hexagon. each vertex.A regular hexagon can also be created as a truncated equilateral triangle, with Schläfli symbol t{3}. Seen with two types (colors) of edges, this form only has D3 symmetry.A truncated hexagon, t{6}, is a dodecagon, {12}, alternating two types (colors) of edges. An alternated hexagon, h{6}, is an equilateral triangle, {3}. A regular hexagon can be stellated with equilateral triangles on its edges, creating a hexagram. A regular hexagon can be dissected into six equilateral triangles by adding a center point. This pattern repeats within the regular triangular tiling.A regular hexagon can be extended into a regular dodecagon by.

Hexagon. adding alternating squares and equilateral triangles around it. This pattern repeats within the rhombitrihexagonal tiling.## Self-crossing hexagons.There are six self-crossing hexagons with the vertex arrangement of the regular hexagon:## Hexagonal structures.From bees' honeycombs to the Giant's Causeway, hexagonal patterns are prevalent in nature due to their efficiency. In a hexagonal grid each line is as short as it can possibly be if a large area is to be filled with the fewest hexagons. This means that honeycombs require less wax to construct and gain much strength under compression.Irregular hexagons with parallel opposite edges are called parallelogons and can also tile.

Hexagon. the plane by translation. In three dimensions, hexagonal prisms with parallel opposite faces are called parallelohedrons and these can tessellate 3-space by translation.## Tesselations by hexagons.In addition to the regular hexagon, which determines a unique tessellation of the plane, any irregular hexagon which satisfies the Conway criterion will tile the plane.## Hexagon inscribed in a conic section.Pascal's theorem (also known as the "Hexagrammum Mysticum Theorem") states that if an arbitrary hexagon is inscribed in any conic section, and pairs of opposite sides are extended until they meet, the three intersection points will lie on a straight line, the "Pascal line.

Hexagon. of that configuration.## Cyclic hexagon.The Lemoine hexagon is a cyclic hexagon (one inscribed in a circle) with vertices given by the six intersections of the edges of a triangle and the three lines that are parallel to the edges that pass through its symmedian point.If the successive sides of a cyclic hexagon are "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", then the three main diagonals intersect in a single point if and only if .If, for each side of a cyclic hexagon, the adjacent sides are extended to their intersection, forming a triangle exterior to the given side, then the segments.

Hexagon. connecting the circumcenters of opposite triangles are concurrent.If a hexagon has vertices on the circumcircle of an acute triangle at the six points (including three triangle vertices) where the extended altitudes of the triangle meet the circumcircle, then the area of the hexagon is twice the area of the triangle.## Hexagon tangential to a conic section.Let ABCDEF be a hexagon formed by six tangent lines of a conic section. Then Brianchon's theorem states that the three main diagonals AD, BE, and CF intersect at a single point.In a hexagon that is tangential to a circle and that has consecutive sides.

Hexagon. "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", and "f",formula_16## Equilateral triangles on the sides of an arbitrary hexagon.If an equilateral triangle is constructed externally on each side of any hexagon, then the midpoints of the segments connecting the centroids of opposite triangles form another equilateral triangle.## Skew hexagon.A skew hexagon is a skew polygon with six vertices and edges but not existing on the same plane. The interior of such an hexagon is not generally defined. A "skew zig-zag hexagon" has vertices alternating between two parallel planes.A regular skew hexagon is vertex-transitive with equal edge lengths. In three dimensions it will be.

Hexagon. a zig-zag skew hexagon and can be seen in the vertices and side edges of a triangular antiprism with the same D3d, [2+,6] symmetry, order 12.The cube and octahedron (same as triangular antiprism) have regular skew hexagons as petrie polygons.## Petrie polygons.The regular skew hexagon is the Petrie polygon for these higher dimensional regular, uniform and dual polyhedra and polytopes, shown in these skew orthogonal projections:## Convex equilateral hexagon.A "principal diagonal" of a hexagon is a diagonal which divides the hexagon into quadrilaterals. In any convex equilateral hexagon (one with all sides equal) with common side "a", there exists a.

Hexagon. principal diagonal "d"1 such thatformula_17and a principal diagonal "d"2 such thatformula_18## Polyhedra with hexagons.There is no Platonic solid made of only regular hexagons, because the hexagons tessellate, not allowing the result to "fold up". The Archimedean solids with some hexagonal faces are the truncated tetrahedron, truncated octahedron, truncated icosahedron (of soccer ball and fullerene fame), truncated cuboctahedron and the truncated icosidodecahedron. These hexagons can be considered truncated triangles, with Coxeter diagrams of the form and .There are other symmetry polyhedra with stretched or flattened hexagons, like these Goldberg polyhedron G(2,0):There are also 9 Johnson solids with regular hexagons: 24-cell: a.

Hexagon. four-dimensional figure which, like the hexagon, has orthoplex facets, is self-dual and tessellates Euclidean space Hexagonal crystal system Hexagonal number Hexagonal tiling: a regular tiling of hexagons in a plane Hexagram: six-sided star within a regular hexagon Unicursal hexagram: single path, six-sided star, within a hexagon Honeycomb conjecture Havannah: abstract board game played on a six-sided hexagonal gridDefinition and properties of a hexagon with interactive animation and construction with compass and straightedge.An Introduction to Hexagonal Geometry on Hexnet a website devoted to hexagon mathematics.Hexagons are the Bestagons an animated youtube video about hexagons.