Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this insect?

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Habrosyne scripta. Habrosyne scripta, the lettered habrosyne or scribe, is a moth of the family Drepanidae. It was first described by Philip Henry Gosse in 1840. It is found in southern Canada and the northern United States, from Labrador to Vancouver Island, south in the Appalachians, Ozarks and Rocky Mountains to North Carolina and Mississippi and south in the west to Arizona.The wingspan is 30–39 mm. Adults are on wing from May to August. There are two generations per year.The larvae feed on the leaves of "Rubus" species (including black raspberry and purple-flowering raspberry).""Habrosyne scripta" (Gosse 1840)". "Moths of North Dakota". Retrieved.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

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Berteroa incana. Berteroa incana is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Its common names include hoary alyssum, false hoary madwort, hoary berteroa, and hoary alison. It is a biennial herb native to Eurasia and it has been introduced to western Europe and North America. It is listed as an invasive noxious weed in some areas of United States and Canada## Description."Berteroa incana" is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to.

Berteroa incana. 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.## Uses.It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.## As a weed."B. incana" is an invasive species of roadsides, railroads, farms and pastures,.

Berteroa incana. riverbanks, vacant lots, overgrazed rangelands, and lawns In the United States. It tolerates cold winters and hot, dry summer conditions. It thrives in poor soils with sand and gravel, more often in alkali soils.It is a weed of alfalfa and clover forages, reducing their quality with its nutrient-poor herbage. It competes with native flora and reproduces continuously. It may reduce pollinators.The plant is likely introduced to new areas when its seed is distributed with agricultural crop seeds.## Toxicity.The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to.

Berteroa incana. laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.


Question: How many elevators does this have?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

30 St Mary Axe. accepted.## Planning process.John Prescott, the Deputy Prime Minister, granted planning permission on 23 August 2000 to construct a building on the site, which would be much larger than the old Exchange. The site needed development, was not on any of the "sight lines" (planning guidance requires that new buildings do not obstruct or detract from the view of St Paul's Cathedral dome when viewed from a number of locations around London), and had housed the Baltic Exchange.The plan for the site was to reconstruct the Baltic Exchange. GMW Architects proposed a new rectangular building surrounding a restored exchange: it would.


Question: Which location has this animal invaded?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Wild boar. the tiger and Komodo dragon respectively. The wild boar has a long history of association with humans, having been the ancestor of most domestic pig breeds and a big-game animal for millennia. Boars have also re-hybridized in recent decades with feral pigs; these boar–pig hybrids have become a serious pest wild animal in the Americas and Australia.## Terminology.As true wild boars became extinct in Great Britain before the development of Modern English, the same terms are often used for both true wild boar and pigs, especially large or semi-wild ones. The English "boar" stems from the Old English , which.


Question: Who is the creator of this object?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Golliwog. The golliwog, also spelled golliwogg or shortened to golly, is a doll-like character – created by cartoonist and author Florence Kate Upton – that appeared in children's books in the late 19th century, usually depicted as a type of rag doll. It was reproduced, both by commercial and hobby toy-makers, as a children's toy called the "golliwog", a portmanteau of "golly" and "polliwog", and had great popularity in the UK and Australia into the 1970s. The doll is characterised by jet black skin, eyes rimmed in white, exaggerated red lips and frizzy hair, a blackface minstrel tradition. Today the word.

Golliwog. least known of the major anti-black caricatures in the United States". Changing political attitudes with regard to race have reduced the popularity and sales of golliwogs as toys. Manufacturers who have used golliwogs as a motif (e.g. Robertson's marmalade in the UK) have either withdrawn them as an icon or changed the name. In particular, the use of alternative names such as "golly" and "golly doll" has risen due to association with the pejorative term "wog", which many dictionaries say probably derived from the golliwog.## In fiction.Florence Kate Upton was born in 1873 in Flushing, New York, United States, the.


Question: What is this building named after?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

30 St Mary Axe. 30 St Mary Axe (previously known as the Swiss Re Building and informally known as the Gherkin) is a commercial skyscraper in London's primary financial district, the City of London. It was completed in December 2003 and opened in April 2004. With 41 floors, it is 180 (m) tall and stands on the sites of the former Baltic Exchange and Chamber of Shipping, which were extensively damaged in 1992 in the Baltic Exchange bombing by a device placed by the Provisional IRA in St Mary Axe, a narrow street leading north from Leadenhall Street.After plans to build the 92-storey Millennium.

30 St Mary Axe. Barclays' former city headquarters in Lombard Street, the idea was that the passer-by in neighbouring streets would be nearly oblivious to the tower's existence until directly underneath it.## Design and construction.The building was constructed by Skanska, completed in December 2003 and opened on 28 April 2004. The primary occupant of the building is Swiss Re, a global reinsurance company, which had the building commissioned as the head office for its UK operation. The tower is thus sometimes known as the Swiss Re Building, although this name has never been official and was never in popular usage anyway, unlike the Gherkin.

30 St Mary Axe. "Johnny Mackintosh and the Spirit of London".In September 2006, the building was put up for sale with a price tag of £600 million. Potential buyers included British Land, Land Securities, Prudential, ING, and the Abu Dhabi royal family. On 21 February 2007, IVG Immobilien AG and UK investment firm Evans Randall completed their joint purchase of the building for £630 million, making it Britain's most expensive office building. Swiss Re made a gain of more than £300 million from the sale. The new owners are seeking compensation from four of their former managers on the deal, in which about £620.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this animal?

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

Jaguar. The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a large cat species and the only living member of the genus "Panthera" native to the Americas. With a body length of up to 1.85 (m) and a weight of up to 158 (kg), it is the largest cat species in the Americas and the third largest in the world. Its distinctively marked coat features pale yellow to tan colored fur covered by spots that transition to rosettes on the sides, although a melanistic black coat appears in some individuals. The jaguar's powerful bite allows it to pierce the carapaces of turtles and tortoises, and.

Jaguar. of several. Later consideration of his work suggested only three subspecies should be recognized. The description of "P. o. palustris" was based on a fossil skull.By 2005, nine subspecies were considered to be valid taxa.Reginald Innes Pocock placed the jaguar in the genus "Panthera" and observed that it shares several morphological features with the leopard ("P. pardus"). He, therefore, concluded that they are most closely related to each other. Results of morphological and genetic research indicate a clinal north–south variation between populations, but no evidence for subspecific differentiation. DNA analysis of 84 jaguar samples from South America revealed that the.

Jaguar. gene flow between jaguar populations in Colombia was high in the past. Since 2017, the jaguar is considered to be a monotypic taxon.## Evolution.The "Panthera" lineage is estimated to have genetically diverged from the common ancestor of the Felidae around to ,and the geographic origin of the genus is most likely northern Central Asia.Some genetic analyses place the jaguar as a sister species to the lion with which it diverged , but other studies place the lion closer to the leopard.The lineage of the jaguar appears to have originated in Africa and spread to Eurasia 1.95–1.77 mya. The modern species.

Jaguar. may have descended from "Panthera gombaszoegensis", which is thought to have entered the American continent via Beringia, the land bridge that once spanned the Bering Strait. Fossils of modern jaguars have been found in North America dating to over 850,000 years ago. Results of mitochondrial DNA analysis of 37 jaguars indicate that current populations evolved between 510,000 and 280,000 years ago in northern South America and subsequently recolonized North and Central America after the extinction of jaguars there during the Late Pleistocene.Two extinct subspecies of jaguar are recognized in the fossil record: the North American "P. o. augusta" and South.

Jaguar. to the base of the tail varies from 1.12 to 1.85 (m). The tail is 45 to 75 (cm) long and the shortest of any big cat.Its muscular legs are shorter than the legs of other "Panthera" species with similar body weight.Further variations in size have been observed across regions and habitats, with size tending to increase from north to south. Jaguars in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve on the Pacific coast of central Mexico weighed around 50 (kg), which is about the size of a female cougar ("Puma concolor").Jaguars in Venezuela and Brazil are much larger, with average weights of.


Question: What country does this facility belong to?

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Roue de Paris. The Roue de Paris is a 60 (m) tall transportable Ferris wheel, originally installed on the Place de la Concorde in Paris, France, for the 2000 millennium celebrations. It left Paris in 2002 and has since then seen service at numerous other locations around the world.It is a Ronald Bussink series R60 wheel and needs no permanent foundations, instead 40000 (l) (40 tonnes) of water ballast provide a stable base. It weighs 365 tonnes.Due to its transportable design, it can be erected in 72 hours and dismantled in 60 hours by a specialist team. Transport requires seven 20 (ft) container.

Roue de Paris. lorries, ten open trailer lorries, and one closed trailer lorry.The forty-two gondolas can be loaded either three or six at a time, and each can accommodate eight passengers. 2000–02: Place de la Concorde, Paris, France. (). 2003–04: following its initial installation in France, the Roue de Paris was moved to Birmingham, England, where it was known as the Wheel of Birmingham. For Christmas 2004, it was moved to Exchange Square, Manchester, where it was known as the Wheel of Manchester. 2005: first the wheel went to the Netherlands, making a short visit to the World Town Fair in Geleen, followed.


Question: What is the brand of this vehicle?

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Dodge Caliber. The Dodge Caliber is a compact hatchback manufactured and marketed by Chrysler's Dodge division from model years 2007 to 2012, replacing the Dodge Neon and Chrysler PT Cruiser.Following the Caliber concept which debuted at the 2005 Geneva Motor Show, the pre-production version debuted at the 2006 North American International Auto Show, with market launch in March 2006.The Caliber was manufactured at the Belvidere Assembly (Illinois) plant, and across its six-year model run, just over 400,000 were produced.## Marketing.The Caliber was one of Dodge's first modern offerings in Europe and in Asian markets such as Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, as.

Dodge Caliber. it established new distribution channels there. It was also introduced in China in 2008 as Dodge's second modern vehicle offering in that market. Dodge vehicles were previously officially sold in China during the World War II era. The introduction of the Caliber marked the return of the Dodge brand to Australia since the early 1970s.The Caliber in Japan joined the Chrysler PT Cruiser in 2007, as the PT Cruiser was offered since 2000, but as with previous Chrysler products sold in Japan, the width dimension exceeded the Japanese Government dimension regulations, and Japanese consumers were liable for annual taxes for.

Dodge Caliber. driving a larger car which affected sales. As Chrysler products were considered large to the Japanese market, Chrysler offered products that offered spacious interiors with four doors and one-piece liftgates to broaden their appeal to the Japanese as a compromise for paying the annual tax for large vehicles.The marketing plan for the first year of the Caliber's production included 20% of the budget for online marketing, print ads, and TV commercials.## Features.The Dodge Caliber offered a continuously variable transmission (called "CVT2" by Dodge) sourced from Jatco (a Nissan subsidiary), the second DaimlerChrysler model to employ this technology after the Mercedes-Benz.

Dodge Caliber. A-Class. It uses a four-cylinder 1.8-2.4 L "World" gasoline engine, designed jointly by Chrysler, Mitsubishi, and Hyundai.The car features an optional electronically controlled all-wheel drive system with variable torque at speeds of 25 to 65 (mph) for optimal handling.The Caliber uses a heavily modified GS platform, co-designed with Mitsubishi Motors. The modified GS platform is now called the JS platform by Chrysler for mid-size cars and PM/MK for compact cars. It shares a portion of the platform with the Mitsubishi Lancer, but is most similar to the Jeep Compass and Jeep Patriot. The Caliber wheels have a 5-hole pattern with.

Dodge Caliber. a 114.3 mm bolt circle.## Safety.The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) gave the Caliber an overall "Good" score in frontal crash testing. The Dodge Caliber was standard with side curtain airbags, but torso side airbags were optional. The IIHS had scored the Caliber "Marginal" overall in their side impact test. However, that Caliber was not equipped with the optional torso side airbag.## Models.Three models were available at the Caliber's launch, with a fourth available in mid-2006.The base SE model features front-wheel drive and a 1.8 L 148 (hp) "World" I4 attached to a Magna Drivetrain T355 5-speed manual transmission.

Dodge Caliber. A 2.0 L 158 (hp) version of the engine paired with the CVT2 transmission was available as an option.The standard configuration for the SE lacks air conditioning, power windows, door locks, or mirrors. The grille surround is body-colored, while that of all other models is chromed. Canadian SXT and R/T models feature body-color grilles instead of chrome grilles. The Caliber SE doesn't have a tachometer or assist handles, 15 (in) steel wheels with wheel covers are standard. Some options were not available on the SE.For 2011, this model was named Express, reverting to SE for 2012. For 2012, the CVT.

Dodge Caliber. transmission option was dropped only for the SE, leaving the five-speed manual transmission as the only available transmission option for the SE. The CVT continued to be offered in the SXT and SXT Plus models for 2012.The SXT has the same engine choices as the SE but many more features are available as standard. Air conditioning is standard equipment at this level, including the Chill Zone beverage cooler inside the front lower glove compartment. The gauge cluster gains a tachometer and an (optional) trip computer. The driver's seat adds height adjustment, the passenger seat folds flat for load-carrying, and the.

Dodge Caliber. rear seats recline. Power windows, locks, mirrors, and remote keyless entry are included. The grille is chromed and 17 (in) steel wheels are standard, with 17 (in) aluminum wheels as an option. The cargo area light includes a removable and rechargeable flashlight while the front dome light incorporates two reading lamps. In Europe, this version was also commercialized equipped with a VW-built 2.0 L turbodiesel engine.Some Dodge publications mention a SXT Sport Wagon model, while others (e.g. the Dodge website) list a SXT "E" package with identical features. This consists of 17 (in) aluminum wheels, color-keyed cloth seat inserts, color-matched.

Dodge Caliber. instrument panel trim, along with fog lamps.The UK SXT Sport model has 18 (in) alloy wheels, color-keyed cloth seats and instrument panel, and a 9-speaker audio system as standard; early UK models did not have the chrome grille. The UK SXT Sport was available with a Volkswagen 2.0 L diesel engine mated to a six-speed manual transmission.For 2011, the Heat, Uptown, and Mainstreet were three available trim levels of the Caliber, reverting to SXT and SXT Plus in 2012.The R/T model has a 2.4 L 172 (hp) version of the World engine, equipped with the CVT2 transmission, and programmed with.

Dodge Caliber. an 'AutoStick' feature giving six simulated fixed ratios in a clutchless manual mode in addition to the standard CVT 'Drive' mode. All-wheel-drive was an option on the R/T model until 2009, but with automatic transmission only. Eighteen-inch aluminum wheels were standard, while chromed versions were optional. At launch, the CVT2 with all-wheel drive was the only powertrain combination available for the R/T. A front-wheel drive variant with the T355 5-speed manual transmission commenced production in late summer 2006. ABS was standard, and the suspension and steering systems were tuned for performance.Externally, the R/T is distinguishable by body-color/chrome door handles (replacing.

Dodge Caliber. black on other models), a chrome side molding, chromed exhaust tip, and front fog lights as standard, as well as R/T badging.Internally, the car came standard with color-keyed fabric seat inserts, while leather seats were an option as on the SXT. Color-keyed instrument panel trim was also standard, as well as a leather-wrapped steering wheel with audio controls and speed control, and a cargo area cover (all options on the SXT).The R/T model was discontinued in 2010.The SRT4 model that was introduced at the Chicago Auto Show in February 2006, was a replacement for the original Neon-based SRT-4 produced by.

Dodge Caliber. Chrysler's Street and Racing Technology group.The SRT4 hatchback competed with the Volkswagen GTI and the Mazdaspeed3. It featured a 2.4 L DOHC 16V turbocharged I4 with dual variable valve timing (DVVT). The engine produces 285 (hp) at 6,400 rpm, and 265 (lb.ft) of torque at 5,600 rpm using the TD04HL4S-20 turbo. Edmunds.com tested a Caliber SRT4 on a chassis dynamometer and obtained 281 (hp) and 261 (lb.ft) of torque at the wheels. Edmunds called the manufacturer's rating conservative; putting more power on the road than cars costing twice as much. This engine is mated to a Getrag six-speed manual transmission.

Dodge Caliber. and uses a front-wheel drive drivetrain. The Caliber SRT4 uses a MacPherson strut front suspension and a multilink rear suspension. The SRT4 came with large 13.4 (in) vented front disc brakes (from the Dodge Charger Police Pack version) with dual-piston calipers and 11.9 (in) rear single-piston disc brakes. It also featured four-wheel ABS, with electronic assistance. The wheels are 19 (in), five-spoke, SRT-stamped, painted aluminum and equipped with Goodyear RSA 225/45R19 tires. Package options included polished aluminum wheels, Goodyear Eagle F1 Supercar tires, SIRIUS satellite radio with Kicker SRT livin' loud audio, EVIC with performance pages, security alarm, and optional.

Dodge Caliber. paint colors.The SRT4 model of the Caliber was available through 2009.## Updates.## 2009.For the 2009 model, the Caliber underwent a minor revamp. The plain plastic black-colored door handles available on base models were replaced by painted car-colored handles previously available only on R/T. In addition, the trunk lid was reduced in weight and simplified in its opening. In the interior, all panels were made black instead of grey. The "DODGE" badge that was on top of the Ram logo at the middle was shifted to the left, while the "CALIBER" badge was moved to the right from the left, both.

Dodge Caliber. equal in font size. The car model title, previously indicated on the right, was moved to the bottom right corner of the gate lid.## 2010.The 2010 model year was unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show, featuring a refreshed interior design composed of metallic outlines and parts of glass to suppress the abundance of plastic materials on previous models, as well as the addition of an 8-way power driver's seat, heated mirrors, and an automatic climate control system previously available only on R/T. The dashboard also features the relocation of the glove box due to many customer complaints, which now.

Dodge Caliber. occupies the spot over the radio panel and comprises a "push-open" lock instead of the previous "squeeze-and-lift" opening mechanism.The 1.8 L engine was dropped from the SE and SXT models, and the SRT-4 model is discontinued. European market models receive a new 2.2 L diesel engine with 163 (hp) and 236 (lb·ft) of torque that provides a combined city and highway fuel efficiency of 40.6 (mpgus).For the United States market, the models were promptly renamed and rebranded, with SE becoming "Main Street", SXT — "Heat" and R/T — "Rush". Two more models were launched in 2010: a luxury all-included variant.

Dodge Caliber. "Uptown" and a base variant "Express" in which the black plastic handles returned. "Express" was the only model not to feature automatic climate control as an option, the "Main Street" featured speed control, an anti-lock brake system, and electronic stability control, which were previously unavailable as options for SE. All models except "Express" featured 17-inch wheels.## 2011.The 2011 model brought six new paint schemes, standard stability control except on Express models, Sirius traffic when equipped with a navigation system, 18-inch chrome-clad wheels available on Uptown models (17" painted are standard), updated steering except on Express models, and new shocks and.

Dodge Caliber. a thicker rear anti-roll bar on Rush and Heat models. The Caliber and the Nitro were the only two cars in the Dodge vehicle lineup to still feature the Ram logo on both fascia, rear, and the steering wheel. The Dodge Nitro also featured driver and passenger floor mats. The logo was removed from the mats in Calibers with the 2009 model.## 2012.For the 2012 model year, the models were renamed back to SE, SXT, and SXT Plus. The Plus version includes all the SXT items and 18-inch aluminum wheels with performance tires, as well as a 6-way power-adjustable driver.

Dodge Caliber. seat. The SXT Plus was not sold in Canada.## Discontinuation.The 2010 Caliber was the last model sold in Europe. The 2011 model ended production on 23 November 2011, in United States, with the remainder being sold as the 2012 model year Caliber in both U.S. and Canada. A successor called the Dart, based on the Alfa Romeo Giulietta's platform, went on sale in June 2012 for the 2013 model-year as the compact vehicle in Dodge's lineup. Dodge Caliber official website (archived).


Question: What country does this village belong to?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Cranny. Cranny () is a small village in County Clare, Ireland.## Location.Cranny lies on the banks of the Cloon River, which flows into the estuary of the River Shannon at Clonderlaw Bay.## Facilities.There is a local Gaelic Athletic Association club, Coolmeen GAA, founded in 1887 three years after the association came together. Coolmeen GAA succeeded in the Clare Senior Football Championship in 1919 and 1921, in the Clare Intermediate Football Championship in 1959, 1966 and 1967 and in the Clare Junior A Football Championship in 1958, 1964, 1983 and 1999. The parish also has a national school. The Cranny N.S. is.

Cranny. a co-educational catholic primary school Peadar Clancy List of towns and villages in Ireland.


Question: What is the oldest age of this animal?

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Jungle cat. explored in 1768–1775 on behalf of Catherine II of Russia. He described this specimen in 1776 under the name "Chaus".In 1778, Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber used "chaus" as the species name and is therefore considered the binomial authority.Paul Matschie in 1912 and Joel Asaph Allen in 1920 challenged the validity of Güldenstädt's nomenclature, arguing that the name "Felis auriculis apice nigro barbatis" was not a binomen and therefore improper, and that "chaus" was used as a common name rather than as part of the scientific name.In the 1820s, Eduard Rüppell collected a female jungle cat near Lake Manzala in.

Jungle cat. ones from Cutch to Bengal under "F. c. kutas", and the tawnier ones from Burma under "F. c. fulvidina". He newly described six larger skins from Sind as "F. c. prateri", and skins with shorter coats from Sri Lanka and southern India as "F. c. kelaarti".## Classification.In 2005, the authors of Mammal Species of the World recognized 10 subspecies as valid taxa. Since 2017, the Cat Specialist Group considers only three subspecies as valid. Geographical variation of the jungle cat is not yet well understood and needs to be examined.The following table is based on the classification of the species.

Jungle cat. provided in "Mammal Species of the World". It also shows the synonyms used in the revision of the Cat Classification Task Force:## Phylogeny.In 2006, the phylogenetic relationship of the jungle cat was described as follows:The jungle cat is a member of the genus "Felis" within the family Felidae.Results of an mtDNA analysis of 55 jungle cats from various biogeographic zones in India indicate a high genetic variation and a relatively low differentiation between populations. It appears that the central Indian "F. c. kutas" population separates the Thar "F. c. prateri" populations from the rest and also the south Indian "F.

Jungle cat. in the region of the zygomatic arch; hence the head of this cat appears relatively rounder.The coat, sandy, reddish brown or grey, is uniformly coloured and lacks spots; melanistic and albino individuals have been reported from the Indian subcontinent. White cats observed in the coastline tracts of the southern Western Ghats lacked the red eyes typical of true albinos. A 2014 suggested that their colouration could be attributed to inbreeding. Kittens are striped and spotted, and adults may retain some of the markings. Dark-tipped hairs cover the body, giving the cat a speckled appearance. The belly is generally lighter than.

Jungle cat. the Nablus, Ramallah, Jericho and Jerusalem Governorates in the West Bank during surveys carried out between 2012 and 2016.In Iran, it inhabits a variety of habitat types from plains and agriculture lands to mountains ranging from altitudes of 45 to 4178 (m) in at least 23 of 31 provinces of Iran.In Pakistan, it was photographed in Haripur, Dera Ismail Khan, Sialkot Districts and Langh Lake Wildlife Sanctuary.In India, it is the most common small wild cat.In Nepal, it was recorded in alpine habitat at elevations of 3000-3300 (m) in Annapurna Conservation Area between 2014 and 2016.In Malaysia, it was recorded.

Jungle cat. in a highly fragmented forest in the Selangor state in 2010.A few jungle cat mummies were found among the cats in ancient Egypt.## Ecology and behaviour.The jungle cat is typically diurnal and hunts throughout the day. Its activity tends to decrease during the hot noon hours. It rests in burrows, grass thickets and scrubs. It often sunbathes on winter days. Jungle cats have been estimated to walk 3 – 6 (km) at night, although this likely varies depending on the availability of prey. The behaviour of the jungle cat has not been extensively studied. Solitary in nature, it does not.

Jungle cat. at 10 to 13 days of age and are fully weaned by around three months. Males usually do not participate in the raising of kittens; however, in captivity, males appear to be very protective of their offspring. Kittens begin to catch their own prey at around six months and leave the mother after eight or nine months. The lifespan of the jungle cat in captivity is 15 to 20 years; this is possibly higher than that in the wild.Generation length of the jungle cat is 5.2 years.## Threats.Major threats to the jungle cat include habitat loss such as the destruction.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Triodanis perfoliata. Triodanis perfoliata, the clasping Venus' looking-glass or clasping bellflower, is a flowering plant belonging to the family Campanulaceae. It is an annual herb native to North and South America, the natural range extending from Canada to Argentina. It is also naturalized in China, Korea and Australia.## Description.The flowers are wheel-shaped or bell-shaped and violet blue. They have 5-lobed corollas and are radially symmetrical. The leaves are 1/4–1" wide, are scallop-edged and shell-shaped. The plant is 6–18" high and flowers from May to August. It produces a small, many seeded capsule for fruit.## Uses among Native Americans.The Cherokee make a liquid.

Triodanis perfoliata. compound of roots infused into a bath for dyspepsia(indigestion).The Meskwaki use it as an emetic to make one "sick all day long", and smoke it at ceremonies.Jepson Manual TreatmentPhoto gallery.


Question: Which place is this animal endemic to?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Strecker's chorus frog. Strecker's chorus frog ("Pseudacris streckeri") is a species of nocturnal tree frog native to the south central United States, from southern Kansas, through Oklahoma and east to Arkansas, the northwestern tip of Louisiana and south throughouth much of Texas.## Description.Strecker's chorus frogs can attain a size of approximately 1.5 inches (about 3.5 cm). They vary in color from light grey, brown to green with darker longitudinal blotches, and a distinctive dark spot that runs underneath the eye. Their underside is typically white in color, with yellow or orange around the groin region.Whether this name refers to a species with two.


Question: What is the length of the incubation period (in day) of this bird's egg?

Instruction: You have to find a Wikipedia segment that answers the question about the displayed image.

Whinchat. a short-tailed bird, moving on the ground with small, rapid hops and frequently bobbing and flicking its wings and tail. It is similar in size to its relative the European robin ("Erithacus rubecula"), being 12 to 14 (cm) long and weighing 13 to 26 (g). Both sexes have brownish upperparts mottled darker, a buff throat and breast, a pale buff to whitish belly, and a blackish tail with white bases to the outer tail feathers.The male in breeding plumage has a blackish face mask almost encircled by a strong white supercilium and malar stripe, a bright orange-buff throat and breast,.


Question: Which historic county does this place belong to?

Instruction: You have to find a Wikipedia segment that answers the question about the displayed image.

Durdle Door. Durdle Door (sometimes written Durdle Dor) is a natural limestone arch on the Jurassic Coast near Lulworth in Dorset, England. It is privately owned by the Weld Family who own the Lulworth Estate, but it is also open to the public.## Geology.The form of the coastline around Durdle Door is controlled by its geology—both by the contrasting hardnesses of the rocks, and by the local patterns of faults and folds. The arch has formed on a concordant coastline where bands of rock run parallel to the shoreline. The rock strata are almost vertical, and the bands of rock are quite.

Durdle Door. "Durdle Doorus" is magically transformed into rock.Dorset-born Arthur Moule, a friend of Thomas Hardy and missionary to China, wrote these lines about Durdle Door for his 1879 book of poetry "Songs of heaven and home, written in a foreign land": Arch of Cabo San Lucas Delicate Arch and Landscape Arch in the USA Durdle Pier, Isle of Portland Étretat, France Geology of Dorset Green Bridge of Wales Rocher Percé, Québec, Canada Stair Hole Swyre Head, Chaldon Down and Bat's Head, to the west List of Dorset beaches Arkell, W.J., 1978. "The Geology of the Country around Weymouth, Swanage, Corfe and.

Durdle Door. Lulworth, 4th pr.". London: Geological Survey of Great Britain, HMSO. Davies, G.M., 1956. "A Geological Guide to the Dorset Coast, 2nd ed.". London: Adam & Charles Black. Perkins, J.W., 1977. "Geology Explained in Dorset". London: David & Charles."Caves, Arches & Stacks" Southwest Coastal Group"Durdle Door: Past and Future" animationSection of Lulworth Crumple, labelled diagram by Ian West (2013)Durdle Door Educational Activity Sheet for Kids at EasyScienceforKids.


Question: What is the highest observed lifespan of this animal?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Groundhog. "M. monax" to thrive.## Survival.In the wild, groundhogs can live up to six years with two or three being average. In captivity, groundhogs reportedly live up to 14 years. Human development, which often produces openings juxtaposed with second growth trees that are incidentally also favored by groundhogs, often ensures that groundhogs in well-developed areas are nearly free of predators, beyond humans (through various forms of pest control or roadkills) or mid-to-large sized dogs.Wild predators of adult groundhogs in most of eastern North America include coyotes, badgers, bobcats, and foxes (largely only red fox). Many of these predators are successful stealth.

Groundhog. twenty inches to three feet (20 - 36 (in)) below ground surface. It is about 16 (in) wide and 14 (in) high. There are typically two burrow openings or holes. One is the main entrance, the other a spy hole. Description of the length of the burrow often includes side galleries. Excluding side galleries, Schoonmaker reports the longest was 24 (ft), and the average length of eleven dens was 14 (ft). W. H. Fisher investigated nine burrows, finding the deepest point 49 (in) down. The longest, including side galleries, was . Numbers of burrows per individual groundhog decrease with urbanization.Bachman.


Question: What is the facet of this object?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Tetrahedron. of a tetrahedron the base is a triangle (any of the four faces can be considered the base), so a tetrahedron is also known as a "triangular pyramid".Like all convex polyhedra, a tetrahedron can be folded from a single sheet of paper. It has two such nets.For any tetrahedron there exists a sphere (called the circumsphere) on which all four vertices lie, and another sphere (the insphere) tangent to the tetrahedron's faces.## Regular tetrahedron.A regular tetrahedron is a tetrahedron in which all four faces are equilateral triangles. It is one of the five regular Platonic solids, which have been known.

Tetrahedron. edge of the base. This follows from the fact that the medians of a triangle intersect at its centroid, and this point divides each of them in two segments, one of which is twice as long as the other (see ).For a regular tetrahedron with side length "a", radius "R" of its circumscribing sphere, and distances "di" from an arbitrary point in 3-space to its four vertices, we haveformula_7## Isometries of the regular tetrahedron.The vertices of a cube can be grouped into two groups of four, each forming a regular tetrahedron (see above, and also , showing one of the.

Tetrahedron. with four congruent triangles as faces; the triangles necessarily have all angles acute. The regular tetrahedron is a special case of a disphenoid. Other names for the same shape include bisphenoid, isosceles tetrahedron and equifacial tetrahedron.## Orthoschemes.A 3-orthoscheme is a tetrahedron where all four faces are right triangles. An orthoscheme is an irregular simplex that is the convex hull of a tree in which all edges are mutually perpendicular. In a 3-dimensional orthoscheme, the tree consists of three perpendicular edges connecting all four vertices in a linear path that makes two right-angled turns. The 3-orthoscheme is a tetrahedron having two.

Tetrahedron. its characteristic tetrahedron by its planes of symmetry.If the tetrahedron has edge length 2, its characteristic tetrahedron's six edges have lengths , , (the exterior right triangle face, the "characteristic triangle" of the tetrahedron), plus , , (edges that are the "characteristic radii" of the tetrahedron). The 3-edge path along orthogonal edges of the orthoscheme is , , , first from a tetrahedron vertex to an tetrahedron edge center, then turning 90° to an tetrahedron face center, then turning 90° to the tetrahedron center. The orthoscheme has four dissimilar right triangle faces. The exterior face is a 30-60-90 triangle which.

Tetrahedron. is one-sixth of a tetrahedron face. The three faces interior to the tetrahedron are: a right triangle with edges , , , a right triangle with edges , , , and a right triangle with edges , , .## Space-filling tetrahedra.A space-filling tetrahedron packs with directly congruent or enantiomorphous (mirror image) copies of itself to tile space. The cube can be dissected into six 3-orthoschemes, three left-handed and three right-handed (one of each at each cube face), and cubes can fill space, so the characteristic 3-orthoscheme of the cube is a space-filling tetrahedron in this sense. A disphenoid can be.

Tetrahedron. area of a triangle.Let be three edges that meet at a point, and the opposite edges. Let be the volume of the tetrahedron; thenformula_19whereformula_20The above formula uses six lengths of edges, and the following formula uses three lengths of edges and three angles.formula_21## Heron-type formula for the volume of a tetrahedron.If , , , , , are lengths of edges of the tetrahedron (first three form a triangle; with opposite , opposite , opposite ), thenformula_22where formula_23 formula_24## Volume divider.Any plane containing a bimedian (connector of opposite edges' midpoints) of a tetrahedron bisects the volume of the tetrahedron.## Non-Euclidean volume.For.

Tetrahedron. as calculated here. Then another volume formula is given byformula_25## Properties analogous to those of a triangle.The tetrahedron has many properties analogous to those of a triangle, including an insphere, circumsphere, medial tetrahedron, and exspheres. It has respective centers such as incenter, circumcenter, excenters, Spieker center and points such as a centroid. However, there is generally no orthocenter in the sense of intersecting altitudes.Gaspard Monge found a center that exists in every tetrahedron, now known as the Monge point: the point where the six midplanes of a tetrahedron intersect. A midplane is defined as a plane that is orthogonal to.

Tetrahedron. segment joining the midpoints of two opposite edges is called a "bimedian" of the tetrahedron. Hence there are four medians and three bimedians in a tetrahedron. These seven line segments are all concurrent at a point called the "centroid" of the tetrahedron. In addition the four medians are divided in a 3:1 ratio by the centroid (see Commandino's theorem). The centroid of a tetrahedron is the midpoint between its Monge point and circumcenter. These points define the "Euler line" of the tetrahedron that is analogous to the Euler line of a triangle.The nine-point circle of the general triangle has an.

Tetrahedron. face.The radius of the twelve-point sphere is one third of the circumradius of the reference tetrahedron.There is a relation among the angles made by the faces of a general tetrahedron given byformula_26where "α" is the angle between the faces "i" and "j".The geometric median of the vertex position coordinates of a tetrahedron and its isogonic center are associated, under circumstances analogous to those observed for a triangle. Lorenz Lindelöf found that, corresponding to any given tetrahedron is a point now known as an isogonic center, "O", at which the solid angles subtended by the faces are equal, having a common.

Tetrahedron. and counterclockwise orientations of the surface.Putting any of the four vertices in the role of "O" yields four such identities, but at most three of them are independent: If the "clockwise" sides of three of them are multiplied and the product is inferred to be equal to the product of the "counterclockwise" sides of the same three identities, and then common factors are cancelled from both sides, the result is the fourth identity.Three angles are the angles of some triangle if and only if their sum is 180° (π radians). What condition on 12 angles is necessary and sufficient for.

Tetrahedron. them to be the 12 angles of some tetrahedron? Clearly the sum of the angles of any side of the tetrahedron must be 180°. Since there are four such triangles, there are four such constraints on sums of angles, and the number of degrees of freedom is thereby reduced from 12 to 8. The four relations given by this sine law further reduce the number of degrees of freedom, from 8 down to not 4 but 5, since the fourth constraint is not independent of the first three. Thus the space of all shapes of tetrahedra is 5-dimensional.## Law of.

Tetrahedron. of the tetrahedron.With this definition, the circumcenter of a tetrahedron with vertices ,, can be formulated as matrix-vector product:formula_35In contrast to the centroid, the circumcenter may not always lay on the inside of a tetrahedron.Analogously to an obtuse triangle, the circumcenter is outside of the object for an obtuse tetrahedron.## Centroid.The tetrahedron's center of mass computes as the arithmetic mean of its four vertices, see Centroid.## Faces.The sum of the areas of any three faces is greater than the area of the fourth face.## Integer tetrahedra.There exist tetrahedra having integer-valued edge lengths, face areas and volume. These are called Heronian.

Tetrahedron. tetrahedra. One example has one edge of 896, the opposite edge of 990 and the other four edges of 1073; two faces are isosceles triangles with areas of and the other two are isosceles with areas of , while the volume is .A tetrahedron can have integer volume and consecutive integers as edges, an example being the one with edges 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 and volume 48.## Related polyhedra and compounds.A regular tetrahedron can be seen as a triangular pyramid.A regular tetrahedron can be seen as a degenerate polyhedron, a uniform "digonal antiprism", where base polygons are.


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Arundinaria gigantea. Arundinaria gigantea is a species of bamboo known as giant cane (not to be confused with "Arundo donax") and river cane. It is endemic to the south-central and southeastern United States as far west as Oklahoma and Texas and as far north as New York. This species is divided into two subspecies. The subspecies "tecta" is sometimes treated as a species in its own right, "Arundinaria tecta", and is the taxon generally called switch cane. It is very similar to the nominate subspecies ("gigantea"), but is often smaller and tends to grow in wetter habitats.It and other species of "Arundinaria.

Arundinaria gigantea. may grow in large monotypic colonies called canebrakes. Canebrakes were once a common feature of the landscape in the southeastern United States, but today it is an endangered ecosystem.## Description.This bamboo, which is a species of cane, is a perennial grass with a rounded, hollow stem which can exceed 7 (cm) in diameter and grow to a height of 10 (m). It grows from a large network of thick rhizomes. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 30 (cm) long and 4 (cm) wide. The inflorescence is a raceme or panicle of spikelets measuring 4 to 7 (cm) in length. An.

Arundinaria gigantea. individual cane has a lifespan of about 10 years. Most reproduction is vegetative as the bamboo sprouts new stems from its rhizome. It rarely produces seeds and it flowers irregularly. Sometimes it flowers gregariously. Some types of non-native bamboos are confused with this native cane.## Habitat and ecology.This native plant is a member of several plant communities today, generally occurring as a component of the understory or midstory. It grows in pine forests dominated by loblolly, slash, longleaf, and shortleaf pine, and stands of oaks, cypress, ash, and cottonwood. Other plants in the understory include inkberry ("Ilex glabra"), creeping blueberry.

Arundinaria gigantea. ("Vaccinium crassifolium"), wax myrtle ("Morella cerifera"), blue huckleberry ("Gaylussacia frondosa"), pineland threeawn ("Aristida stricta"), cutover muhly ("Muhlenbergia expansa"), little bluestem ("Schizachyrium scoparium"), and toothache grass ("Ctenium aromaticum"). Cane communities occur on floodplains, bogs, riparian woods, pine barrens and savannas, and pocosins. It grows easily in flooded and saturated soils. It tolerates wildfire, and canebrakes are maintained by a normal fire regime. This cane is the food plant for the southern pearly eye, a butterfly. Canebrakes are an important habitat for the Swainson's, hooded, and Kentucky warblers, as well as the white-eyed vireo. The disappearance of the canebrake ecosystem may have.

Arundinaria gigantea. contributed to the rarity and possible extinction of the Bachman's warbler, which was dependent upon it for nesting sites.## Conservation.Canebrakes declined after European settlement of the American southeast. Factors involved in the decline include the introduction of livestock such as cattle, which eagerly graze on the leaves. The cane was considered a good forage for the animals until overgrazing began to eliminate canebrake habitat. Other reasons for the decline include the conversion of the land for agriculture and fire suppression.## Uses.There are many human uses for the cane. The Cherokee, particularly the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, use this species.

Arundinaria gigantea. in basketry. The Cherokee historically maintained canebrakes with cutting and periodic burning, a practice which stopped with the European settlement of the land. The elimination of cane habitat has nearly resulted in the loss of the art of basketmaking, which is important for the economy of the Cherokee today. The cane was also used by groups such as the Cherokee, Seminole, Chickasaw and Choctaw to make medicine, blowguns, bows and arrows, knives, spears, flutes, candles, walls for dwellings, fish traps, sleeping mats, and tobacco pipes.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this bird?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Black phoebe. The black phoebe (Sayornis nigricans) is a passerine bird in the tyrant-flycatcher family. It breeds from southwest Oregon and California south through Central and South America. It occurs year-round throughout most of its range and migrates less than the other birds in its genus, though its northern populations are partially migratory. Six subspecies are commonly recognized, although two are occasionally combined as a separate species, the white-winged phoebe.The black phoebe has predominantly black plumage, with a white belly and undertail coverts. The sexes are identical in color, and juveniles have brown feather tips and brown wing-bars. Its song is a.

Black phoebe. repeated "tee-hee, tee ho". It lives in a variety of habitats but is always near water. It is mainly insectivorous and waits on a perch before sallying out and catching its prey in the air. It makes an open cup nest which is placed under a cliff or a bridge and cemented in its place with mud.## Description.The black phoebe is a medium-sized flycatcher, being 16 (cm) in length and weighing 15 to 22 (g). It has predominantly black plumage, with white on its belly and undertail coverts. The white forms an inverted "V" in the lower breast. The sexes.

Black phoebe. are identical and plumage does not vary seasonally. Juveniles have browner plumage, cinnamon-brown feather tips on their body, and brown wing-bars. The bird has brown irises and black legs, feet, and beak.The phoebe can be recognized by a characteristic "tail-wagging" motion, in which the tail is lowered and the tail's feathers fanned out. It accomplishes almost all locomotion by flight, which is direct, with steady wing beats. Its song consists of two alternating phrases ("tee-hee, tee-ho" or "sisee, sitsew"). The song can be heard from both sexes, but is more commonly sung by males.## Systematics.The phoebes are a genus, "Sayornis",.

Black phoebe. of birds in the tyrant flycatcher family. The flycatchers are the largest family of birds on earth, with over 400 known species. The genus name was given by George Robert Gray of the British Museum, and is named after Thomas Say, an American naturalist. The species name, "nigricans", is Latin for "blackish", and was given by William John Swainson in 1827.The black phoebe has six subspecies, but these can be divided into two groups which are sometimes considered to be separate species: the "nigricans" group (black phoebe) and the "latirostris" group (white-winged phoebe). The first group contains four subspecies, the.

Black phoebe. second group two.## Distribution and habitat.The black phoebe breeds in the west and southwest United States, Mexico and Central America, and parts of South America. In Oregon it is found in river valleys on the Pacific coast, and in California on the western side of Coast Ranges. It breeds throughout the Colorado River valley and occasionally is found to the north in southern Nevada and southwestern Utah, as well as Arizona and central New Mexico. In Central America it breeds on Baja California, except for the central part of the peninsula, and on interior mainland Mexico southwest to Panama, excluding.

Black phoebe. El Salvador. In South America it is found in the coastal mountains of Venezuela, through Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, to western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina.It lives year-round in most of its range and is more sedentary (non-migratory) than either of the other phoebes in its genus (Eastern or Say's), although northern populations may be partially migratory. It is always found near water and is often found at coastal cliffs, river/lake banks, or even park fountains. Habitats must also include a supply of mud for nest building, and the birds' specialized nesting requirements probably cause their somewhat irregular range. Black phoebe.

Black phoebe. - "Sayornis nigricans" - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter.


Question: What is the facet of this object?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Tetrahedron. of a tetrahedron the base is a triangle (any of the four faces can be considered the base), so a tetrahedron is also known as a "triangular pyramid".Like all convex polyhedra, a tetrahedron can be folded from a single sheet of paper. It has two such nets.For any tetrahedron there exists a sphere (called the circumsphere) on which all four vertices lie, and another sphere (the insphere) tangent to the tetrahedron's faces.## Regular tetrahedron.A regular tetrahedron is a tetrahedron in which all four faces are equilateral triangles. It is one of the five regular Platonic solids, which have been known.

Tetrahedron. edge of the base. This follows from the fact that the medians of a triangle intersect at its centroid, and this point divides each of them in two segments, one of which is twice as long as the other (see ).For a regular tetrahedron with side length "a", radius "R" of its circumscribing sphere, and distances "di" from an arbitrary point in 3-space to its four vertices, we haveformula_7## Isometries of the regular tetrahedron.The vertices of a cube can be grouped into two groups of four, each forming a regular tetrahedron (see above, and also , showing one of the.

Tetrahedron. with four congruent triangles as faces; the triangles necessarily have all angles acute. The regular tetrahedron is a special case of a disphenoid. Other names for the same shape include bisphenoid, isosceles tetrahedron and equifacial tetrahedron.## Orthoschemes.A 3-orthoscheme is a tetrahedron where all four faces are right triangles. An orthoscheme is an irregular simplex that is the convex hull of a tree in which all edges are mutually perpendicular. In a 3-dimensional orthoscheme, the tree consists of three perpendicular edges connecting all four vertices in a linear path that makes two right-angled turns. The 3-orthoscheme is a tetrahedron having two.

Tetrahedron. its characteristic tetrahedron by its planes of symmetry.If the tetrahedron has edge length 2, its characteristic tetrahedron's six edges have lengths , , (the exterior right triangle face, the "characteristic triangle" of the tetrahedron), plus , , (edges that are the "characteristic radii" of the tetrahedron). The 3-edge path along orthogonal edges of the orthoscheme is , , , first from a tetrahedron vertex to an tetrahedron edge center, then turning 90° to an tetrahedron face center, then turning 90° to the tetrahedron center. The orthoscheme has four dissimilar right triangle faces. The exterior face is a 30-60-90 triangle which.

Tetrahedron. is one-sixth of a tetrahedron face. The three faces interior to the tetrahedron are: a right triangle with edges , , , a right triangle with edges , , , and a right triangle with edges , , .## Space-filling tetrahedra.A space-filling tetrahedron packs with directly congruent or enantiomorphous (mirror image) copies of itself to tile space. The cube can be dissected into six 3-orthoschemes, three left-handed and three right-handed (one of each at each cube face), and cubes can fill space, so the characteristic 3-orthoscheme of the cube is a space-filling tetrahedron in this sense. A disphenoid can be.

Tetrahedron. area of a triangle.Let be three edges that meet at a point, and the opposite edges. Let be the volume of the tetrahedron; thenformula_19whereformula_20The above formula uses six lengths of edges, and the following formula uses three lengths of edges and three angles.formula_21## Heron-type formula for the volume of a tetrahedron.If , , , , , are lengths of edges of the tetrahedron (first three form a triangle; with opposite , opposite , opposite ), thenformula_22where formula_23 formula_24## Volume divider.Any plane containing a bimedian (connector of opposite edges' midpoints) of a tetrahedron bisects the volume of the tetrahedron.## Non-Euclidean volume.For.

Tetrahedron. as calculated here. Then another volume formula is given byformula_25## Properties analogous to those of a triangle.The tetrahedron has many properties analogous to those of a triangle, including an insphere, circumsphere, medial tetrahedron, and exspheres. It has respective centers such as incenter, circumcenter, excenters, Spieker center and points such as a centroid. However, there is generally no orthocenter in the sense of intersecting altitudes.Gaspard Monge found a center that exists in every tetrahedron, now known as the Monge point: the point where the six midplanes of a tetrahedron intersect. A midplane is defined as a plane that is orthogonal to.

Tetrahedron. segment joining the midpoints of two opposite edges is called a "bimedian" of the tetrahedron. Hence there are four medians and three bimedians in a tetrahedron. These seven line segments are all concurrent at a point called the "centroid" of the tetrahedron. In addition the four medians are divided in a 3:1 ratio by the centroid (see Commandino's theorem). The centroid of a tetrahedron is the midpoint between its Monge point and circumcenter. These points define the "Euler line" of the tetrahedron that is analogous to the Euler line of a triangle.The nine-point circle of the general triangle has an.

Tetrahedron. face.The radius of the twelve-point sphere is one third of the circumradius of the reference tetrahedron.There is a relation among the angles made by the faces of a general tetrahedron given byformula_26where "α" is the angle between the faces "i" and "j".The geometric median of the vertex position coordinates of a tetrahedron and its isogonic center are associated, under circumstances analogous to those observed for a triangle. Lorenz Lindelöf found that, corresponding to any given tetrahedron is a point now known as an isogonic center, "O", at which the solid angles subtended by the faces are equal, having a common.

Tetrahedron. and counterclockwise orientations of the surface.Putting any of the four vertices in the role of "O" yields four such identities, but at most three of them are independent: If the "clockwise" sides of three of them are multiplied and the product is inferred to be equal to the product of the "counterclockwise" sides of the same three identities, and then common factors are cancelled from both sides, the result is the fourth identity.Three angles are the angles of some triangle if and only if their sum is 180° (π radians). What condition on 12 angles is necessary and sufficient for.

Tetrahedron. them to be the 12 angles of some tetrahedron? Clearly the sum of the angles of any side of the tetrahedron must be 180°. Since there are four such triangles, there are four such constraints on sums of angles, and the number of degrees of freedom is thereby reduced from 12 to 8. The four relations given by this sine law further reduce the number of degrees of freedom, from 8 down to not 4 but 5, since the fourth constraint is not independent of the first three. Thus the space of all shapes of tetrahedra is 5-dimensional.## Law of.

Tetrahedron. of the tetrahedron.With this definition, the circumcenter of a tetrahedron with vertices ,, can be formulated as matrix-vector product:formula_35In contrast to the centroid, the circumcenter may not always lay on the inside of a tetrahedron.Analogously to an obtuse triangle, the circumcenter is outside of the object for an obtuse tetrahedron.## Centroid.The tetrahedron's center of mass computes as the arithmetic mean of its four vertices, see Centroid.## Faces.The sum of the areas of any three faces is greater than the area of the fourth face.## Integer tetrahedra.There exist tetrahedra having integer-valued edge lengths, face areas and volume. These are called Heronian.

Tetrahedron. tetrahedra. One example has one edge of 896, the opposite edge of 990 and the other four edges of 1073; two faces are isosceles triangles with areas of and the other two are isosceles with areas of , while the volume is .A tetrahedron can have integer volume and consecutive integers as edges, an example being the one with edges 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 and volume 48.## Related polyhedra and compounds.A regular tetrahedron can be seen as a triangular pyramid.A regular tetrahedron can be seen as a degenerate polyhedron, a uniform "digonal antiprism", where base polygons are.


Question: What is the basionym of this plant?

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

Morchella esculenta. at its lower margin, forming a continuous hollow. The pits are rounded and irregularly arranged. The hollow stem is typically 2 – 9 (cm) long by 2 – 5 (cm) thick, and white to yellow. The fungus fruits under hardwoods and conifers during a short period in the spring, depending on the weather, and is also associated with old orchards, woods and disturbed grounds.## Taxonomy and naming.The fungus was originally named "Phallus esculentus" by Carl Linnaeus in his "Species Plantarum" (1753), and given its current name by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1801."Morchella esculenta" is commonly known by various.


Question: What country does this lake belong to?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Pfäffikersee. Pfäffikersee (or "Lake Pfäffikon") is a lake in the canton of Zürich, Switzerland, near the town of Pfäffikon. It is 2.5 km long and 1.3 km wide at the middle. The lake was created in the last ice age when a moraine blocked off the ability for the lake to empty north towards Winterthur. There is also a hiking trail around the lake that people often bike and walk on, and the area is considered protected lands, among them the "Robenhauser Ried" and the prehistoric settlement Wetzikon–Robenhausen, discovered and researched by Jakob Messikommer (1828–1917), which became a serial site of.

Pfäffikersee. the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps". In Roman era, along "Pfäffikersee" there was a Roman road from the "vicus Centum Prata" (Kempraten) on Obersee–Lake Zürich via "Vitudurum" (Oberwinterthur) to "Tasgetium" (Eschenz) to the Rhine. To secure this important transport route, the Irgenhausen Castrum was built.List of lakes of SwitzerlandWaterlevels of Pfäffikersee at Pfäffikon.


Question: What is this plant named after?

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Lilium humboldtii. Lilium humboldtii, or Humboldt's lily, is a species of lily native to the US state of California and the Mexican state of Baja California. It is named after naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt. It is native to the South High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, south Outer South Coast Ranges, and the Santa Monica Mountains and others in Southern California, growing at elevations from 600 (m) to 1200 (m).## Description."Lilium humboldtii" grows up to 6 (ft) tall, with flowers that are maroon-spotted, golden-orange with dark red splotches, with orange to brown stamens. The plant flowers in June, with flowers.


Question: Which road, railway or canal does this island carry?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Confederation Bridge. The Confederation Bridge () is a box girder bridge carrying the Trans-Canada Highway across the Abegweit Passage of the Northumberland Strait, linking the province of Prince Edward Island with the province of New Brunswick on the mainland. Opened May 31, 1997, the 12.9 (km) bridge is Canada's longest bridge and the world's longest bridge over ice-covered water.Construction took place from October 1993 to May 1997 and cost C$1.3 billion. Before its official naming, Prince Edward Islanders often referred to the bridge as the "Fixed Link". It officially opened to traffic on May 31, 1997. In April 2022, the PEI legislature.

Confederation Bridge. voted unanimously in favour of renaming the bridge to "Epekwitk Crossing", whereas Epekwitk ( ) is the traditional Mi'kmaq name for Prince Edward Island. The name change would need to be approved by the Canadian federal government in order to take effect.## Structure.The bridge is a two-lane toll bridge that carries the Trans-Canada Highway between Borden-Carleton, Prince Edward Island (at Route 1) and Cape Jourimain, New Brunswick (at Route 16).It is a multi-span balanced cantilever bridge with a post-tensioned concrete box girder structure. Most of the curved bridge is 40 (m) above water with a 60 (m) navigation span for.


Question: Who is the owner of this building?

Instruction: You have to find a Wikipedia segment that answers the question about the displayed image.

Pro Football Hall of Fame. The Pro Football Hall of Fame is the hall of fame for professional American football, located in Canton, Ohio. Opened on September 7, , the Hall of Fame enshrines exceptional figures in the sport of professional football, including players, coaches, officials, franchise owners, and front-office personnel, almost all of whom made their primary contributions to the game in the National Football League (NFL).As of the Class of 2022, there are a total of 362 members of the Hall of Fame. Between four and eight new inductees are normally enshrined every year. For the 2020 class, a 20-person group consisting of.

Pro Football Hall of Fame. five modern-era players and an additional 15 members, known as the "Centennial Slate", were elected to the Hall of Fame to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the NFL.The Chicago Bears have the most inductees, with 30 (36, including players with minor portion of their career with team).## History.The city of Canton successfully lobbied the NFL to have the Hall of Fame built and has cited three reasons. First, the NFL was founded in Canton on September 17, , (at that time it was known as the American Professional Football Association). Second, the now-defunct Canton Bulldogs were a successful pro football.

Pro Football Hall of Fame. team and the NFL's first repeat champion (in 1922 and 1923). Third, the Canton community held a fundraising effort that garnered nearly $400,000 () to get the Hall of Fame built. Groundbreaking for the building was held on August 11, , and the Hall of Fame was opened to the public on September 7, .The original building contained just two rooms, and 19000 (sqft) of interior space. In April , ground was broken for the first of many expansions. This first expansion cost $620,000, and was completed on May 10, . The size was increased to 34000 (sqft) by adding.

Pro Football Hall of Fame. another room. The pro shop opened with this expansion. This was also an important milestone for the Pro Football Hall of Fame, as yearly attendance passed the 200,000 mark for the first time. This was at least in some part due to the increase in popularity of professional football caused by the advent of the American Football League and its success in the final two AFL-NFL World Championship games.In November 1977, work began on another expansion project, costing $1,200,000. It was completed in November 1978, enlarging the gift shop and research library, while doubling the size of the theater. The.

Pro Football Hall of Fame. total size of the hall was now 50500 (sqft), more than 2.5 times the original size.The building remained largely unchanged until July 1993. The Hall then announced yet another expansion, costing $9,200,000, and adding a fifth room. This expansion was completed on October 1, 1995, and increased the building's size to 82307 (sqft). The most notable addition was the GameDay Stadium, which shows an NFL Films production on a 20 x 42 (ft) Cinemascope screen.In 2013, the Hall of Fame completed its largest expansion and renovation to date; the total size of the hall is now 118,000 (sqft).Hall of Fame.

Pro Football Hall of Fame. the NFL; Shaw played his entire career in the American Football League (AFL) prior to the 1970 AFL–NFL merger.Though several Hall of Famers have had AFL, Canadian Football League, World Football League, United States Football League, Arena Football League and/or Indoor Football League experience, and there is a division of the Hall devoted to alternative leagues such as these, to this point no player, coach or contributor have made the Hall without having made significant contributions to either the NFL, AFL, or All-America Football Conference.For CFL stars, there is a corresponding Canadian Football Hall of Fame; only one player, Warren.

Pro Football Hall of Fame. selected by a 49-person committee, largely made up of media members, officially known as the Selection Committee.Each city that has a current NFL team sends one representative from the local media to the committee; a city with more than one franchise sends one representative for each franchise.There are also 15 at-large delegates, including one representative from the Pro Football Writers Association. Except for the PFWA representative, who is appointed to a two-year term, all other appointments are open-ended, and terminated only by death, incapacitation, retirement, or resignation.## Voting procedure.To be eligible for the nominating process, a player or coach must.

Pro Football Hall of Fame. 80% support from the Board. At least four, but no more than eight, candidates are elected annually.## 2020 Centennial Slate.In 2020, a special Blue-Ribbon Panel selected an additional 15 new members, known as the Centennial Slate, to be inducted into the Hall of Fame to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the NFL. Among these 15 members, ten would be seniors. On January 11, during the weekend of the NFL divisional playoffs, Hall of Fame president David Baker went on the set of "The NFL Today" to personally tell Bill Cowher, who was working as an analyst on that pregame show,.

Pro Football Hall of Fame. that he was selected as one of the members of the Centennial Slate.One day later, Baker went on the set of "Fox NFL Sunday" to inform Jimmy Johnson, working as an analyst on Fox's studio show, that he was also selected. The rest of the Centennial Slate members were revealed on January 15.The remaining 13 members of the Centennial Slate elected to the Hall of Fame in 2020 are: Jim Covert, Winston Hill, Harold Carmichael, Duke Slater, Ed Sprinkle, Steve Sabol, Alex Karras, Bobby Dillon, Donnie Shell, George Young, Cliff Harris, Mac Speedie, and former NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue.They were.

Pro Football Hall of Fame. enshrined in 2021 due to COVID-19, but are still considered part of the Centennial Class of 2020.## Enshrinement ceremony.The enshrinement ceremony is the main event of the annual "Enshrinement Week Powered by Johnson Controls" that kicks off every NFL season. The celebration is held in Canton, throughout the week surrounding the enshrinement ceremony. All members of the Hall of Fame are invited to attend the annual ceremony.Enshrinees do not go into the Pro Football Hall of Fame as a member of a certain team. Rather, all of an enshrinee's affiliations are listed equally. While the Baseball Hall of Fame plaques.

Pro Football Hall of Fame. 2002, the ceremony was moved to Fawcett Stadium (now Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium), where it was held from 1963 to 1965. Since 2007, the enshrinement ceremony has been held on the Saturday night, since 2017 two days after the Hall of Fame Game. In 2022, the ceremony was moved to noon ET.## Hall of Fame Game.The Hall of Fame Game, the annual NFL preseason opener, is played in Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium at Hall of Fame Village in Canton, Ohio. In 2017, the Hall of Fame Game was held for the first time on Thursday night.

Pro Football Hall of Fame. The preseason classic kicks off Enshrinement Week Powered by Johnson Controls and officially kicks off the NFL preseason.## Black College Football Hall of Fame.The Pro Football Hall of Fame museum includes a permanent exhibit recognizing the inductees of the Black College Football Hall of Fame. The two organizations partnered in 2016, also creating the Black College Football Hall of Fame Classic played at Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium.## Ralph Hay Pioneer Award.The Ralph Hay Pioneer Award is an American football award given by the Pro Football Hall of Fame periodically to an individual who has made significant and innovative.

Pro Football Hall of Fame. contributions to professional football. The award is named after Canton Bulldogs owner and National Football League founder and chief organizer Ralph Hay. It was originally called the Daniel F. Reeves Pioneer Award, named after Los Angeles Rams owner and hall of fame inductee Dan Reeves. The award is the highest and the most prestigious honor given by the Pro Football Hall of Fame, other than enshrinement. As of 2022, Steve Sabol, Art McNally, Marion Motley and Bill Willis are the only people to receive the award and also become a Hall of Fame inductee.## Criticism.The small number of candidates elected.

Pro Football Hall of Fame. 2010 "Sports Illustrated" article hints that Cosell may have even been "blacklisted" by the NFL.As the late 2010s approached, a number of controversial and polarizing figures began to reach eligibility for the Hall. For example, Darren Sharper's career achievements make him a candidate for the Hall, but there is debate over whether he should be inducted due to his conviction on multiple rape charges after he retired.Terrell Owens' exclusion from the Hall in his first two years of eligibility despite his strong individual statistics was a subject of public debate: while Owens was elected to the Hall of Fame in.


Question: Who is the discoverer or inventor of this game?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Jigsaw puzzle. A jigsaw puzzle is a tiling puzzle that requires the assembly of often irregularly shaped interlocking and mosaiced pieces, each of which typically has a portion of a picture. When assembled, the puzzle pieces produce a complete picture.In the 18th century, jigsaw puzzles were created by painting a picture on a flat, rectangular piece of wood, then cutting it into small pieces. Despite the name, a jigsaw was never used. John Spilsbury, a London cartographer and engraver, is credited with commercialising jigsaw puzzles around 1760. They have since come to be made primarily of cardboard.Typical images on jigsaw puzzles include.

Jigsaw puzzle. be attached to a backing with adhesive and displayed as art.## History.John Spilsbury is believed to have produced the first jigsaw puzzle around 1760, using a marquetry saw.Early puzzles, known as dissections, were produced by mounting maps on sheets of hardwood and cutting along national boundaries, creating a puzzle useful for teaching geography. Royal governess Lady Charlotte Finch used such "dissected maps" to teach the children of King George III and Queen Charlotte Cardboard jigsaw puzzles appeared in the late 1800s, but were slow to replace wooden ones because manufacturers felt that cardboard puzzles would be perceived as low-quality, and.


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Niebla homalea. Niebla homalea is a species of fruticose lichen that grows on rocks in foggy areas along the Pacific Coast of North America, from Mendocino County, California south to Bahía de San Quintín on the main peninsula of Baja California, with an isolated occurrence further south on vertical rock faces above Punta Camachos, and other occurrences in the Channel Islands and on Guadalupe Island. The epithet "homalea", given by Acharius, suggests it was in regard to the branches appearing flattened.## Distinguishing features."Niebla homalea" is recognized by the thallus divided into narrow subcylindric, mostly linear shaped branches that have a glossy cortex.

Niebla homalea. frequently cracked along transverse ridges and by the branch margins alternating 90° in their orientation at frequent but irregular intervals; the branches are 4–8 cm long, 1–3 mm wide. Apothecia, when present, develop terminally, and are flattened towards base where attached to branch. The key lichen substance is divaricatic acid, with accessory triterpenes and usnic acid. Similar species include "Niebla eburnea", distinguished by a glazed (ivory) cortex, often with wrinkles or ripples instead of transverse cracks, and by the branch margins alternating with the cortical ridges more near base and apex; "Niebla testudinaria", distinguished by the reticulate ridges between branch.

Niebla homalea. margins, and "Niebla disrupta" that differs by the lichen substance, sekikaic acid. Both "N. eburnea" and "N. testudinaria" frequently have irregularly dilated branches, especially above mid region, which helps separate them from "N. homalea". "Niebla disrupta" generally has apothecia, usually more developed below mid region of the thallus, and usually with an extended spine-like branch, whereas in "N. homalea", apothecia appear less frequent and mature more near apex of branches, often on a short truncated branch, occasionally with a continuing flattened branch.## Taxonomic history."Niebla homalea", which is classified in the family Ramalinaceae, was originally describedin 1810 by Swedish botanist Erik.

Niebla homalea. Acharius as a species of "Ramalina" based on a specimen collected by Archibald Menzies on rocks around San Francisco. A related species described in 1803 by Acharius, "Parmelia ceruchis", was transferred by Acharius to the genus "Borrera" and has since been recognized in "Niebla", following transfer first to "Ramalina" by Giuseppe De Notaris in 1846This, however, is only part of a long confusing history as to what defined "Ramalina ceruchis" (="Vermilacinia ceruchis"), which has to be based on a type (biology) specimen, one that was collected also by Menzies, probably on sand in a fog region at Valparaiso Chile, while.

Niebla homalea. type material also includes a specimen collected by Joseph Dombey from Lima, Peru. The interpretation of "Ramalina ceruchis" of South America—over time—was broadened to include morphological variants that grew on rocks, bushes and cactus spines; sometimes classified in other genera such as "Evernia", "Roccella", and "Usnea" some recognized as different varieties and species. In 1852 they were all considered just one species that included the North American "Ramalina homalea", treated by Jean Camille Montagne under a new genus, "Desmazieria", comprising a single species named "Desmazieria homalea" Although "Parmelia ceruchis" (Acharius 1803) predates "Ramalina homalea" (Acharius 1810), the type species for.

Niebla homalea. the genus "Niebla" has to be typified by type of the name (basionym in this case) according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Art. 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3); thus, the type species in the genus ("Niebla") has to be "Niebla homalea"., it is not "Niebla ceruchis"<ewd>Sérusiaux, E., P. Van den Boom, and D. Ertz. 2010. A two-gene phylogeny shows the lichen genus "Niebla" (Lecanorales) is endemic to the New World and does not occur in Macaronesia nor in the Mediterranean basin.Lichenologists since Montagne (1852) have generally accepted that the North American and South American species belonged to the same.

Niebla homalea. genus, but not to the same species, and also not to Montagne’s genus ("Desmazieria"). For a long time (1861–1969), they were treated as different species in the genus "Ramalina", classified either in a subgenus, or section, or series referred to as "Desmazieria".<"Rundel1978" />, but also later became known as the “"Ceruchis" Group.” "Ramalina homalea" in this group consisted of two or more chemotypes, one with “deposit” related to efflorescence associated with the diterpene (-)-16 α-hydroxykaurane (ceruchdiol), and the other, no deposit, indicated to have, in addition to the diterpenes, divaricatic acid based on a report by Mason Hale; divaricatic acid.

Niebla homalea. has since been determined to be the chemotype of the type (Menzies) specimen., while it may be noted that Ramalina homalea, which was erroneously referred to as having the diterpene chemistry, was recognized as a new species of "Vermilacinia" by Richard Spjut in 1987 by annotation labels on specimens, and later in a manuscript peer reviewed 1990–1991;, however, the species was described in "Niebla" by Peter Bowler in 1994 without accounting for the type of "Niebla homalea", or providing a description for the species.The “"Ceruchis" Group” had included other South American and North American species that were described by William.

Niebla homalea. Nylander in 1870 based on morphology, R. combeoides (="Vermilacinia combeoides"), "R. flaccescens" (="Vermilacinia flaccescens"), "R. testudinaria" (="Niebla testudinaria"), and by Gerhard Follmann in 1966, based on differences in secondary metabolites, "Ramalina tigrina" (="Vermilacinia tigrina"). In 1969 Follmann and Huneck transferred the species in the “"Ceruchis" Group” to the genus "Desmazieria". Phillip Rundel and Peter Bowler in 1972 described two more species in that genus. In 1976, Follmann recognized what he considered a possible conflict between the lichen genus "Desmazieria" and the grass genus "Desmazeria" that led Rundel and Bowler to transfer all the species in the “"Ceruchis" Group” to a.

Niebla homalea. new genus name, "Niebla", to replace the homonym (illegitimate genus name "Desmazieria"), and elevated the taxonomic status of two infraspecies taxa, "Niebla cephalota" (="Vermilacinia cephalota") and "Niebla robusta" (="Vermilacinia robusta").But the genus "Niebla" had not been clearly defined at the time it was created. Peter Bowler in 1981 recognized two evolutionary lines in "Niebla", which comprised three groups, a "Niebla homalea" Group in one evolutionary line, the other line contained the "Niebla combeoides" group and the "Niebla ceruchis" group; the latter evolutionary line was described by Spjut as belonging to a new genus, "Vermilacinia." Thus, the earlier “"Ceruchis" Group” had.

Niebla homalea. been divided into three groups. Recall from above that the South American "Ramalina ceruchis" had also not been clearly defined prior to Montagne, and while the type specimen may not have been recognized to be most similar to species that grew on rocks than on bushes, the interpretation in North America was that the “Ceruchis Group” applied only to thalli that for those that grew on trees and shrubs, and this interpretation then extended to species in South America. Added to this confusion are many studies that reported on lichen substances for species in the “"Ceruchis" Group” without a standard.

Niebla homalea. reference, the type specimen. It was not until Spjut’s taxonomic revision of the genus that the types for the North American species were accounted for"Niebla" had not been clearly defined at the time it was created. Peter Bowler in 1981 recognized two evolutionary lines in "Niebla", which comprised three groups, a "Niebla homalea"“ group in one evolutionary line, the other line contained the "Niebla combeoides" group and the "Niebla ceruchis" group; the latter evolutionary line was described by Spjut as belonging to a new genus, "Vermilacinia" Thus, the earlier “"Ceruchis" Group” had been divided into three groups. Recall from above.

Niebla homalea. that the South American "Ramalina ceruchis" had also not been clearly defined prior to Montagne, and while the type specimen may not have been recognized to be most similar to species that grew on rocks than on bushes, the interpretation in North America was that the “Ceruchis Group” applied only to thalli that for those that grew on trees and shrubs, and this interpretation then extended to species in South America. Added to this confusion are many studies that reported on lichen substances for species in the “Ceruchis Group” without a standard reference, the type specimen. It was not until.

Niebla homalea. Spjut’s taxonomic revision of the genus that the types for the problematic species were clearly applied."Niebla" is distinguished from "Vermilacinia" not only by secondary metabolites, but also by differences in the morphology of the medulla in having chondroid strands and by the cortex two-layered cortex.## Current interpretations and misinterpretations.The description provided above for "Niebla homalea" is based on that in Spjut."Niebla" was recognized by Spjut in 1996 to comprise 42 species, which Bowler and Marsh treated as three species, "N. homalea", "N. isidiaescens", and "N. josecuervoi".Bowler and Marsh gave two descriptions for "Niebla homalea", one for “Rock forms” and the.

Niebla homalea. other for “Soil and sand populations.” The rock forms were described to contain lichen substances of depsidone and one acid-deficient species, whereas the soil and sand forms contain depsides. This is contrary to the key to the species that was presented. If this circumscription was adopted, then "N. josecuervoi" would be included under "N. homalea"; indeed, this interpretation is further indicated under notes given for the rock forms where "N. josecuervoi" is specifically mentioned as being included but probably in error. This alleged error is again repeated in the description for soil forms. Additionally, "N. effusa", which has salazinic acid,.

Niebla homalea. is listed as a synonym of "N. homalea" under the general nomenclature, but omitted under “synonyms relative to secondary metabolites.” Other inconsistencies have been notedThe description in Lichens of North America. appears to be based in part on the photo provided of probably "Niebla cornea", judging from strongly compressed branches with a polished cortex and terminal clusters of cup-shaped apothecia., while the geographical distribution shown for the species is mostly coastal Canada and Washington; however, the species is not known north of Mendocino County, California. "Niebla cornea" has sekikaic acid. It can be difficult to distinguish morphologically from "Niebla eburnea",.

Niebla homalea. which the identification is best confirmed by determination of the secondary metabolite, divaricatic acid.Synonyms proposed by Bowler and Marsh do not necessarily mean that all the different species recognized by Spjut are the same. The morphological and chemical variation classified by Spjut was indicated to be due to “plasticity” by Bowler and Marsh, where as Spjut suggested biogeographical relationships that correspond to the biogeographical divisions of the Baja California deserts and the California Floristic Province, generally recognized for higher plants. Although Spjut recognized 42 species in "Niebla", this may be a conservative view. There could be hundreds of species in.


Question: Which city or region does this building locate in?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Brabo Fountain. The Brabo Fountain () is located in the Grote Markt (Main Square) of Antwerp, in front of the Town Hall of the city. The ceremonial inauguration of the sculpture took place in 1887. Jef Lambeaux realized the set of the bronze fountain.The reason is the legend of the name of the city, in which it is said that the giant Druon Antigoon cut off a hand to all the ship captains who moored in the area and refused to pay toll, then throwing it to the Scheldt. The captain of the Roman army Brabo cut off the giant's hand imitating.

Brabo Fountain. what he had done. The fountain reflects the moment when the Brabo throws the giant's hand into the river. According to this legend, the etymology of the name of the city Antwerp is a composition of the Dutch words "(h)ant" (hand) and "werpen" (launch).However, John Lothrop Motley argues, and so do a lot of Dutch etymologists and historians, that Antwerp's name derives from "anda" (at) and "werpum" (wharf) to give "an 't werf" (on the wharf, in the same meaning as the current English wharf). "Aan 't werp" (at the warp) is also possible. This "warp" (thrown ground) is a.


Question: What country does this bridge belong to?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Marble Bridge. The Siberian Marble Gallery is a decorative pedestrian roofed Palladian bridge (gallery walkway) in Empress Catherine Park in the former royal residence Tsarskoye Selo (now town of Pushkin) near Saint Petersburg, Russia. It connects the Swan Islands — an artificial archipelago of seven islets in the landscape park of Tsarskoe Selo — spanning a rivulet flowing between several ponds. The bridge was modelled after the Palladian Bridge (1736) in the park of Wilton House, in England, and served as a showcase for Ural marble. All the details of the bridge — including the granite Ionic colonnade — were produced in.

Marble Bridge. Yekaterinburg, transported to Tsarskoe Selo and then assembled in the workshop of Vincenzo Tortori in 1774. It is probably called Siberian due to its construction with marble from the Urals.


Question: What is the basionym of this plant?

Instruction: Retrieve a Wikipedia paragraph that provides an answer to the given query about the image.

Pelargonium peltatum. bases of these mericarps each contain one hairless, brown, ellipse-shaped seed of about 5 mm long and 2 mm in diameter."P. peltatum" has nine homologous sets of chromosomes (2x=18).## Taxonomy.The ivy-leaved pelargonium was first described by Carl Linnaeus, based on a specimen that was growing in the garden of George Clifford III, in his 1753 groundbreaking book "Species Plantarum", and he named it "Geranium peltatum". When Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle erected a new genus, "Pelargonium", in William Aiton’s book "Hortus Kewensis", published in 1789, he reassigned the species and made the new combination "P. peltatum". Later, in 1792, L'Héritier.


Question: Who is the discoverer or inventor of this object?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Cruise control. and mechanical engineer Ralph Teetor. He came up with the idea due to being frustrated by his driver's habit of speeding up and slowing down as he talked. A more significant factor in the developing of cruise control was the 35 (mph) speed limit imposed in the US during World War II to reduce gasoline use and tire wear. A mechanism controlled by the driver provided resistance to further pressure on the accelerator pedal when the vehicle reached the desired speed. Teetor's idea of a dashboard speed selector with a mechanism connected to the driveshaft and a device able to.


Question: Who is the creator of this building?

Instruction: Determine the Wikipedia snippet that matches the question of this image.

Monument to the Great Fire of London. west side of the base displays a sculpture, by Caius Gabriel Cibber, in alto and bas relief, of the destruction of the City; with Charles II and his brother, James, the Duke of York (later King James II), surrounded by liberty, architecture, and science, giving directions for its restoration.It gives its name to the nearby London Underground station, Monument.## History.The first Rebuilding Act, passed in 1669, stipulated that "the better to preserve the memory of this dreadful visitation", a column of either brass or stone should be set up on Fish Street Hill, on or near the site of Farynor's.


Question: Which significant event was held in this building?

Instruction: I want to find a paragraph from Wikipedia that answers my question about this image.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. The statue was lost and destroyed during the 5th century AD; details of its form are known only from ancient Greek descriptions and representations on coins.## History.The statue of Zeus was commissioned by the Eleans, custodians of the Olympic Games, in the latter half of the fifth century BC for their newly constructed Temple of Zeus. Seeking to outdo their Athenian rivals, the Eleans employed sculptor Phidias, who had previously made the massive statue of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon.The statue occupied half the width of the aisle of the temple built to house it. The geographer Strabo noted early.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. the god to show by a sign whether the work was to his liking. Immediately, runs the legend, a thunderbolt fell on that part of the floor where down to the present day the bronze jar stood to cover the place."## Loss and destruction.According to Roman historian Suetonius, the Roman Emperor Caligula gave orders that "such statues of the gods as were especially famous for their sanctity or their artistic merit, including that of Jupiter at Olympia, should be brought from Greece, in order to remove their heads and put his own in their place." The emperor was assassinated before.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia. this could happen, in 41 AD; his death was supposedly foretold by the statue, which "suddenly uttered such a peal of laughter that the scaffolding collapsed and the workmen took to their heels."In 391 AD, the Christian Roman emperor Theodosius I banned participation in pagan cults and closed the temples. The sanctuary at Olympia fell into disuse. The circumstances of the statue's eventual destruction are unknown. The 11th-century Byzantine historian Georgios Kedrenos records a tradition that it was carried off to Constantinople, where it was destroyed in the great fire of the Palace of Lausus, in 475 AD. Alternatively, the.