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according to recent neuroscience findings , emotions play a significant role in decision making , and feelings shape moral judgment ( 9 , 3 , 12 , 2 )
. the conventional teaching of science ethics , however , does not target emotions ; its emphasis is on rational analysis of principles and facts and the understanding of rules and regulations .
this leaves one wondering : is it only awareness of the rules that makes scientists ethical or is it also their morality and capacity for empathy ?
i argue that issues of ethics should also be connected to the scientists emotional brain . without cultivating the latter
, the teaching of science ethics would not fully accomplish its purpose , which is the production of moral scientists with a 
soul. a case can be made that over - emotionality is as bad as over - rationality ; thus , a balance between the two is the key to success in science ethics education ( 11 ) .
how can an instructor cultivate noble feelings in scientists ? images and music may be one of the answers .
it represents an innovative method to incorporate emotions into science ethics education by mixing in humanities and arts .
evaluation of conventional teaching models in science ethics , collectively known as responsible conduct of research ( rcr ) , points to mixed results ( 1 , 6 , 13 ) .
specifically , rcr instruction yields knowledge gains but appears to fall short in arousing feelings , cultivating empathy , and reinforcing moral attitudes .
a cohort of scholars now supports that emotions should play a role in ethics education ( 16 , 14 ) .
there is also support in the literature for the emotional power of music and visuals and their effect on behavioral changes ( 5 , 10 , 7 ) . in this direction ,
a few science ethics educators have incorporated some films and documentaries in their courses to good emotional effect ( 4 ) .
films associated with landmark ethics cases are popular choices . these include : and the band played on , a film on the scientific infighting during the aids discovery ; miss evers boys on the role of nurse rivers in the tuskegee syphilis experiments ; and fat man and little boy on the making and dropping of the first atomic bombs . lately
, a new breed of interactive films exemplified by the lab have made their debut ; their sole purpose is to serve as educational material in science ethics courses .
the film dear scientists embodies a different method to incorporate emotions into science ethics education .
it is neither a standard film with a plot nor a standard documentary sprinkled with interviews .
the film advances an experimental genre that works at the subconscious levelthe feelings methodmixing music and visuals of continuous high intensity .
the film s strong images leave an indelible impression of scientists ethical and social responsibility , which is a key goal of science ethics education . these visuals either create or refresh memories about the making of science .
there is intermittent narration with a contrasting calming tone that helps bring the viewer to a meditative state . aside from the value of the arts in science ethics education , central to the film
s message is also the value of humanities , especially dramatic cases drawn from the history of science . through the lenses of the past
, scientists can experience the consequences of unethical actions . by putting their feet in the protagonists shoes ,
furthermore , scientists realize some underlying commonalities in human behaviors now and then , despite regulatory progress . this realization brings home an important message : there is continuation in human predispositions , and thus , there is no way to build a better future without drawing wisdom from the past .
the visuals of the film include classroom shots , laboratory imagery showing scientists at work , archival stills , and allegoric scenes .
the scientists appearing in the film have diverse ethnic backgrounds , manifesting science s global character .
lasting about 25 minutes , the film allows time for discussion in a standard class session , where different interpretations of its metaphors can be brought up and analyzed .
the film s ultimate goal is to change the viewer s attitude toward science ethics from that of neglect or reservation to one of active participation .
in addition to introducing  the feelings method ,  the film is meant to serve as part i in a series of short films that are forthcoming .
, the series will present the historical cases mentioned in part i and connect them with present issues and realities .
the cases that part i briefly introduces are : a ) the manhattan project and the making of the first atomic bomb ; b ) the human radiation experiments ; c ) the civilian nuclear power debate and the accident at three mile island ; d ) the tuskegee syphilis experiments ; e ) the challenger disaster at nasa ; f ) the tobacco hazard ; and g ) the case of lead poisoning . many of the film s allegoric scenes feature clio , the muse of history who is transformed to the muse of history of science and eventually to the ideal ethics instructor .
the empty chair in the theater stage represents the need for empathy in the making of science .
the young couple represents the future of humanity , embodies empathy and love , and exposes the vulnerability of the public to negative effects of certain techno - scientific and medical endeavors .
the male - female dancing also represents the coupling of rationality with emotions . in some 
although not all  of the film s visuals , male actors  represent rationality and female actors  represent sentimentality. we have reached a point in the history of humanity where scientists , irrespective of their gender , should learn to embrace their feelings and  feminine side .
actually , some positive emotions can save the world by helping to overcome barriers of cultural cognition , which appear resistant to rational arguments ( 8 , 15 ) .
the theatrical scenes with the masks represent the drama of compromise in scientific endeavors , while the blindfolded scientists represent the limited connection with reality caused by bias .
the above interpretations by no means exclude other understandings that the viewer may come up with .
the film s aim is to unite people with different viewpoints and perspectives , provoke them , and motivate them to discuss and find solutions .
the arts , especially the visual and dramatic arts , should play a significant role in issues of science ethics .
being predominantly an emotional endeavor , the arts can bring together humanities , science , engineering , and medicine in challenging discussions on morality .
fusing humanities with arts , the film dear scientists is an open letter to the scientific community and aims to sensitize its members .
scientists is used broadly referring not only to scientists , but also to engineers and medical experts .
humanity is central in this film and the difference individual scientists can make for its sake is one of the film s main points .
although the latter may sound simplistic , there is no doubt that in a democracy everybody bears some responsibility when things go wrong .
the film brings the viewer to a meditative state in order to register this truth .
qualitative feedback from the science , humanities , and arts communities in the multiple festival and conference screenings of the film has been highly positive .
naturally , this feedback has to be complemented with quantitative evaluation , whose value in science ethics scholarship is repeatedly emphasized in this volume s essays .
this is part of my ongoing efforts along with the preparation of the remaining films in this collection
. more information about the film can be found at its official website , which includes a two - minute trailer : www.dearscientists.org .
there is an increasing body of evidence that not only cognition but also emotions shape moral judgment . 
 the conventional teaching of responsible conduct of research , however , does not target emotions ; its emphasis is on rational analysis . here 
 i present a new approach ,  the feelings method, for incorporating emotions into science ethics education . 
 this method is embodied in dear scientists , an innovative film that combines humanities with arts and works at the subconscious level , delivering an intense mix of music and images , contrasted by calm narration . 
 dear scientists has struck a chord across the science , humanities , and arts communities  a promising sign .