You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["HealthCareActivity", "InjuryOrPoisoning", "BodySubstance", "IntellectualProduct", "AnatomicalStructure", "SpatialConcept", "Chemical", "Bacterium", "MedicalDevice", "Organization", "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline", "Finding", "BiologicFunction", "Virus", "ResearchActivity", "ClinicalAttribute", "PopulationGroup", "Eukaryote", "BodySystem", "Food", "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup"].

Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Virus": ["HIV", ...], "Bacterium": ["MRSA", ...], "AnatomicalStructure": ["Lung", ...], "BodySystem": ["CNS", ...], "BodySubstance": ["Serum", ...], "Finding": ["Headache", ...], "InjuryOrPoisoning": ["Fracture", ...], "BiologicFunction": ["Death", ...], "HealthCareActivity": ["Biopsy", ...], "ResearchActivity": ["Clinical trial", ...], "MedicalDevice": ["Lenses", ...], "SpatialConcept": ["Camps", ...], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": ["Forensic medicine", ...], "Organization": ["WHO", ...], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": ["Provider", ...], "PopulationGroup": ["Swimmers", ...], "Chemical": ["Gold", ...], "Food": ["Rice", ...], "IntellectualProduct": ["RPAM", ...], "ClinicalAttribute": ["Biomarker", ...], "Eukaryote": ["Dogs", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].

Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.

Abstract:

Intratympanic steroid delivery by an indwelling catheter in refractory severe sudden sensorineural hearing loss Many studies over the last decade showed favorable outcomes with intratympanic (IT) steroid treatment, alone as salvage treatment or in combination with conventional systemic therapy (ST). However, in severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss resistant to ST, the optimal infusion mode, the type and concentration of the solution, the preferable drug, its total amount, and the duration and fractionation of the treatment are still debated. Aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility and the outcomes of a direct and constant IT delivery of dexamethasone (DEX) by means of a new indwelling catheter. A prospective case-control study in a tertiary referral university hospital. Ninety-nine subjects treated with ST only and 28 with additional IT DEX have been included in the study. A 4 Fr catheter inserted in a sub-annular fashion with a minimal postero-inferior tympanotomy through and endocanalar approach under local anesthesia. DEX 4mg/ml delivered daily, up to 7 days. Daily bone and air-conducted pure tone and speech audiometry were performed with a follow-up at 1, 3, 6 months after treatment. Twenty-one out of 28 patients (75%) refractory to ST gained on average 24.0dB±20.5dB HL after IT - DEX, compared to 35.4% (average 6.7dB±16.6dB HL) of those receiving only medical ST (p<0.001). No significant side effects were noted. In severe to profound sudden deafness refractory to conventional ST, the daily perfusion of 4mg/ml DEX through an intratympanic catheter is an easy, well accepted procedure that enables patients to receive a drug in the middle ear in a repeatable or sustained form, with minimal discomfort and a partial rescue (67.86%) and a speech recognition gain of 39%.
{"AnatomicalStructure": [], "Bacterium": [], "BiologicFunction": ["sensorineural hearing loss", "refractory severe sudden sensorineural hearing loss", "side effects"], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": [], "BodySubstance": [], "BodySystem": [], "Chemical": ["sustained form", "dexamethasone", "steroid", "drug", "DEX"], "ClinicalAttribute": [], "Eukaryote": [], "Finding": ["sudden deafness", "HL"], "Food": [], "HealthCareActivity": ["systemic therapy", "steroid treatment", "repeatable", "ST", "salvage treatment", "speech audiometry", "inserted", "infusion mode", "perfusion", "bone and air-conducted pure tone", "tympanotomy", "local anesthesia", "treatment", "fractionation"], "InjuryOrPoisoning": [], "IntellectualProduct": [], "MedicalDevice": ["4 Fr catheter", "indwelling catheter", "catheter"], "Organization": ["tertiary referral university hospital"], "PopulationGroup": ["subjects"], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": [], "ResearchActivity": ["prospective case-control study", "discomfort and a partial rescue"], "SpatialConcept": ["middle ear", "endocanalar approach"], "Virus": []}