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Paper text:
thanks to the progress of telescope technology and the detection technique of recent years , it is expected that we will meet with a situation where a large scale of high - quality data is continuously generated by such as subaru telescope , sloan digital sky survey an so on . the way of traditional analysis , however , appears to be insufficient for using the large amount of data effectively and efficiently and getting the maximum scientific results .
although many people recognize the importance of research that uses the multi - wavelength data , such research actually needs considerable effort .
one reason is that , for each data set , one needs to learn how to reduce and analyze the data , and even needs to know where the analysis tools are available .
to overcome such situation and maximize the scientific return from a big project like subaru and alma , it is important to construct an environment where user can access to the science - ready data with very few effort .
national astronomical observatory of japan ( naoj ) started its vo project ( japanese virtual observatory 
jvo ) in 2002 .
the objectives of the jvo project are to provide a seamless access to the distributed data service in the vo , and to provide user - friendly analysis environment .
this paper describes our recent progress on the second objective .
, is an optical - infrared 8.2  m telescope operated by national astronomical observatory of japan ( naoj ) at mt .
mauna kea hawai .
subaru has seven open use instruments : ciao , comics , focus , ircs , suprimecam , hds and moircs .
cisco is no longer available for open - use . using these instruments ,
observation can be made for wavelengths from optical ( 300 nm ) to infrared ( 20 @xmath0 m ) with spectrum resolution up to @xmath1 ( hds ) .
the total amount of public data for each instrument is shown in figure  [ fig : totalamount ] .
as of october 2006 , 8 tb of data is archived in the public area .
more than 70% of the data are from the suprimecam , which is a mosaic of ten 2048 @xmath2 4096 ccds and covers a 34 x 27 field of view with a pixel scale of 0.20  .
more than 90% of all the data requests are for the suprimecam , so our current priority issue is how to improve the usability of the suprimecam data .
figure  [ fig : subaruarchive ] shows the flow of data taken by the subaru .
the data are registered in the subaru telescope archive system ( starts ) as soon as the data are acquired by the instruments , so an observer retrieves his data from stars during and/or after the observation .
the data of stars is mirrored to the mitaka advanced stars ( mastars ) , so the observer can retrieve the data also from the mastars .
starts and mastars are not public data archive . to use the system , you need to get an account on the subaru computing system for stars or an account on the mitaka computing system for mastars .
the data that passed 18 months of a proprietary period becomes publicly available through the , and system .
the smoka system provides various query modes for the subaru archive , and it is described in enoki et al .
the jvo system provides a vo standard access interface to the subaru archive .
currently only the data of suprimecam is available from the jvo .
the amount of data , especially of suprimecam , is very large , so it is important to provide a way to analyze the data without moving the data to a remote users machine .
one of the ways to do so is to login to the subaru or mitaka computing system and analyze the data on the machine .
it is , however , not practical to use the visualization tool from a remote machine , especially when accessing through a slow network .
another solution is to provide a web service , through which one can access to the data analysis software and visualize the data in a compact graphical format such as gif , jpeg and png . recently
a lot of open source framework are available for making such a service , and it has been realized that interactivity of the web based service can be improved by using ajax technique as demonstrated by the google map service . another important point is to provide the data in a form that detector and environment dependencies are removed .
those dependencies are usually not known by an archive user , so it should be properly reduced by a data provider .
the quality of the data reduction is improved as the experience is accumulated and the reduction software is also evolves continuously , so it is adequate to reduce the data on demand with the most developed algorithm .
it is also important to provide the way to reduce the data with older version software for assuring data reproducibility to enable later same analysis . by providing the data in such a manner ,
a data provider can control the quality of data by putting a tag representing a version of reduction software in the fits header .
the reduction process is hidden from a user , and the user does not need to take care about most of part of data reduction .
so , we have decided to provide such a service on the japanese virtual observatory ( jvo ) web portal .
the data reduction processes are concentrated on the jvo servers , so computing resources need to be integrated in a scalable manner to the jvo .
we have developed a web service based grid computing system .
this system is composed of four services : monitoring and discovering service ( mds ) , data analysis service ( das ) , data search service ( dss ) and storage service ( srs ) . figure  [ fig : subarupipeline ] shows an example of suprimecam response ( flat frame ) calculation system , which is showing how each service interacts each other .
the mds manages the status of each das , and schedules the job submission requested by a grid client .
each das server periodically report its status , such as load average , number of running job and job status , and the status is stored on an mds database .
a grid client queries to the mds to ask which server is free for a job submission .
the mds returns a service endpoint url that is appropriate for the job submission .
the client submit the job , and wait it to finish .
while waiting , the client periodically polling to the mds for querying the job status .
the das sends a query to the dss to get subaru raw data , the dss returns the urls for the data , the das retrieves the data and starts analysis .
when a job status is changed to `` finish '' , the client queries the das for an url to retrieve the result .
the url is passed to the srs , the result is stored on the storage of the srs , and the metadata of the result is registered on the dss .
the interactions between each service and client are made by exchanged a soap message .
the interface of each service is defined in the web service description language ( wsdl ) .
several examples of the defined interfaces are described in java interface as follows :    .... mds interface     void reportstatus(string hostid , double load , int njob )     serviceinfo resolveservice(string serviceid )     void reportjobstatus(string hostid , int jobid , string status )     string getjobstatus(string hostid , int jobid )     ...    das interface     int submitjob(string command , string argv )     string getresulturl(int jobid )     string query(int jobid )     string finalize(int jobid )     ...    srs interface     int copyasync(string src , string dest )     void copy(string src , string dest )     void finalize(int jobid )     ...    dss interface     vodata performquery(select select )     ... ....    the ` reportstatus ` interface is used by a das server to report its load average and the number of submitted jobs .
the ` resolveservice ` interface is used by a grid client to decide which server to submit a job .
the returned ` serviceinfo ` contains an endpoint url .
the ` submitjob ` interface is used to submit a job to the das server , which returns a job i d and it is used for polling the job status .
the ` getresulturl ` interface returns an access url for retrieving the result .
the ` copyasync ` and ` copy ` interface are used to transfer data between two servers or just to copy the data inside the same server .
the former interface is used for data transfer that is expected to take long time .
the ` performquery ` interface is used for querying the data by astronomical data query language ( ) , and return the result in format .    a web form based gui for calculating a response frame of suprimecam ccd is made for easy job submission as shown in figure  [ fig : subaruflat ] .
the * observation * section of the gui is used for browsing the number of exposures for each filter on each day . the observation period for calculating a response frame
is determined here . usually select a period of successive suprimecam observations , which typically lasts one week . at the section of *
create flat calibration frames * , one can select a filter and/or a chip for which a flat calibration frame is calculated . after submitting the jobs
, the job status can be viewed at the section of * job status*. the status changes from `` running '' to `` data transfer '' and then to `` finished '' if an error does not happen .
the mds server manages a database that contains static information ( host name , ip address , cpu type , memory size ) and status ( load average , number of submitted jobs , living and enabled flags ) of each das server , which can been seen on the mds web page as shown in figure  [ fig : mds ] .
the living flag stays `` true '' while the mds are receiving a hear beat message from the das server .
when a successive five minutes of disconnection happens , the flag changes to `` false '' , and the server is recognized as `` unavailable '' .
the `` enabled '' flag is used to prohibit the job submission to the server . when the flag is `` false '' , a job is not submitted to the server .
the japanese virtual observatory ( ) is a vo portal service , which federates the distributed vo services and provides data analysis environment through a web browser .
jvo is especially going to provide analysis environment utilizing the subaru data .
the subaru data currently available on the jvo are : subaru deep field catalog ( sds , sxds ) , suprimecam chip image , and suprimecam mosaic image .
we are preparing to provide reduced data of the other subaru instruments .
we are also going to implement the data analysis interface for : reduction of raw data with user specified parameters , image manipulation , spectrum fitting , catalog creation from a image , and so on .
these data analysis will be executed on the server side , so any plugin tools are required to be installed on the user s machine .
we are going to integrate the grid computing system described above to the jvo portal so that enough amount of computing resource is provided to a user .
an overview of the jvo system is shown in figure  [ fig : overviewjvo ] .
the details of the jvo system were described in elsewhere ( shirasaki et al .
2006 , shirasaki et al .
2006b , tanaka et al .
2006 , ohishi et al .
figure  [ fig : searchresult ] shows the result of cross match query between the catalogs of subaru suprimecam ( optical ) and spitzer ( infrared ) .
the jvo provides several visualization tools such as jvo data viewer , jvoplot , by vo india and by cds .
the voplot and aladin are java applets .
the jvo data viewer and jvoplot are server side web applications , so the data itself are not transfered to the local machine ; they are converted to compact - sized graphics and transfered to the user s web browser .
it is especially convenient to view the large data set .
figure  [ fig : subarudataservice ] shows the result of query for reduced suprimecam data .
the service returns a link to the reduced data , the link invokes the on - the - fly data reduction web application , and then a fits file the reduced image is returned .
the search result includes also the links to the raw and response frames .
the reduction procedure consists of bias subtraction , flat fielding , distortion correction , and astrometric calibration .
the flat frames are calculated in advance by the response calculation service described above , and registered on the database .
the typical time to execute the reduction is about 10 sec .
once the reduced data are generated , it is stored on a cash area to avoid repetitions of the same reduction on the same data .
the construction of the subaru advanced data and analysis service has just started this year ( 2006 ) .
currently the data of suprimecam is a primary target of the development , but data of other instruments will be available from the jvo .
the grid computing system are constructed to obtain enough computing resource to analyze all the suprimecam data in reasonably short time .
the jvo portal service is available for everyone at ` http://jvo.nao.ac.jp/portal ` , where currently only the limited functionality is publicly available . to use all the jvo functionality ,
user registration will be required .
this work was supported by the jsps core - to - core program , grant - in - aid for information science ( 15017289 and 18049074 ) and young scientists ( b ) ( 17700085 ) carried out by the ministry of education , culture , sports , science and technology of japan .
we present our activity on making the subaru data archive accessible through the japanese virtual observatory ( jvo ) system . 
 there are a lot of demand to use the archived subaru data from various fields of astronomers . to be used by those who are not familiar with the way to reduce the subaru data , 
 the data reduction should be made before providing for them , or at least it should be easily done without precise knowledge about instrument s characteristic and environment where data are taken . 
 for those purposes , data quality assessment system naqata is developed , which is presented in this meeting by nakata et al . 
 ( 2006 ) , and the science - ready image data are provided for some of the suprimecam data at smoka data service which is presented by enoki et al ( 2006 ) . 
 jvo portal will provide the way to access the reduce data , and also provides the way to reduce from raw data with very few efforts through the user - friendly web browser i / f . to provide such a cpu - intensive service , 
 we have developed a grid computing system . 
 the architecture of this subaru data and analysis system are discussed .