You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["HealthCareActivity", "InjuryOrPoisoning", "BodySubstance", "IntellectualProduct", "AnatomicalStructure", "SpatialConcept", "Chemical", "Bacterium", "MedicalDevice", "Organization", "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline", "Finding", "BiologicFunction", "Virus", "ResearchActivity", "ClinicalAttribute", "PopulationGroup", "Eukaryote", "BodySystem", "Food", "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup"].

Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Virus": ["HIV", ...], "Bacterium": ["MRSA", ...], "AnatomicalStructure": ["Lung", ...], "BodySystem": ["CNS", ...], "BodySubstance": ["Serum", ...], "Finding": ["Headache", ...], "InjuryOrPoisoning": ["Fracture", ...], "BiologicFunction": ["Death", ...], "HealthCareActivity": ["Biopsy", ...], "ResearchActivity": ["Clinical trial", ...], "MedicalDevice": ["Lenses", ...], "SpatialConcept": ["Camps", ...], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": ["Forensic medicine", ...], "Organization": ["WHO", ...], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": ["Provider", ...], "PopulationGroup": ["Swimmers", ...], "Chemical": ["Gold", ...], "Food": ["Rice", ...], "IntellectualProduct": ["RPAM", ...], "ClinicalAttribute": ["Biomarker", ...], "Eukaryote": ["Dogs", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].

Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.

Abstract:

Functional analyses of OcRhS1 and OcUER1 involved in UDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis in Ornithogalum caudatum UDP-L-rhamnose (UDP-Rha) is an important sugar donor for the synthesis of rhamnose -containing compounds in plants. However, only a few enzymes and their encoding genes involved in UDP-Rha biosynthesis are available in plants. Here, two genes encoding rhamnose synthase (RhS) and bi-functional UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose (UDP-4K6DG) 3, 5-epimerase/UDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose (UDP-4KR) 4-keto-reductase (UER) were isolated from Ornithogalum caudatum based on the RNA - Seq data. The OcRhS1 gene has an ORF (open reading frame) of 2019 bp encoding a tri-functional RhS enzyme. In vitro enzymatic assays revealed OcRhS1 can really convert UDP-D-glucose (UDP-Glc) into UDP-Rha via three consecutive reactions. Biochemical evidences indicated that the recombinant OcRhS1 was active in the pH range of 5-11 and over the temperature range of 0-60 °C. The Km value of OcRhS1 for UDP-Glc was determined to be 1.52 × 10(-4) M. OcRhS1 is a multi-domain protein with two sets of cofactor-binding motifs. The cofactors dependent properties of OcRhS1 were thus characterized in this research. Moreover, the N-terminal portion of OcRhS1 (OcRhS1-N) was observed to metabolize UDP-Glc to form intermediate UDP-4K6DG. OcUER1 contains an ORF of 906 bp encoding a polypeptide of 301 aa. OcUER1 shared high similarity with the carboxy-terminal domain of OcRhS1 (OcRhS1-C), suggesting its intrinsic ability of converting UDP-4K6DG into UDP-Rha. It was thus reasonably inferred that UDP-Glc could be bio-transformed into UDP-Rha under the collaborating action of OcRhS1-N and OcUER1. The subsequently biochemical assay verified this notion. Importantly, expression profiles of OcRhS1 and OcUER1 revealed their possible involvement in the biosynthesis of rhamnose -containing polysaccharides in O. caudatum.
{"AnatomicalStructure": ["genes", "tri-functional RhS enzyme", "open reading frame", "OcUER1", "OcRhS1 gene", "ORF"], "Bacterium": [], "BiologicFunction": ["cofactors", "cofactor-binding motifs"], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": [], "BodySubstance": [], "BodySystem": [], "Chemical": ["enzymes", "RhS", "4-keto-reductase", "rhamnose synthase", "polysaccharides", "UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose", "polypeptide", "UDP-Glc", "bi-functional", "multi-domain protein", "recombinant OcRhS1", "UDP-4KR", "3, 5-epimerase/UDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose", "UDP-D-glucose", "OcRhS1-N", "OcRhS1-C", "UER", "rhamnose", "OcUER1", "compounds", "aa", "UDP-L-rhamnose", "carboxy-terminal domain of OcRhS1", "sugar donor", "N-terminal portion of OcRhS1", "RNA", "UDP-Rha", "UDP-4K6DG", "OcRhS1"], "ClinicalAttribute": [], "Eukaryote": ["O. caudatum", "plants", "Ornithogalum caudatum"], "Finding": ["expression profiles"], "Food": [], "HealthCareActivity": ["enzymatic assays", "biochemical assay"], "InjuryOrPoisoning": [], "IntellectualProduct": ["Seq data"], "MedicalDevice": [], "Organization": [], "PopulationGroup": [], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": [], "ResearchActivity": ["research", "Functional analyses"], "SpatialConcept": [], "Virus": []}