You will be presented with the full text of a biomedical research paper. Please write an abstract for this paper. Your response should include the abstract and no additional text.

Paper text:
stress urinary incontinence ( sui ) affects about 27.6% ( 4.8 to 58.4% ) of women .
women of various age confront this difficult and personal problem  at age 25 , about 10% of women ; at age 80 , over 40% .
clinical observations seem to indicate that women in their 50 's and 80 's develop the syndrome most frequently .
pharmacological treatment for sui has little impact and open surgery carries a higher risk of complications , thus this treatment was generally rejected by the patients .
stamey , and zoedler methods where the premise of the procedure was to raise the tissue of the bladder neck by the use of long sutures connected to the abdominal muscle fascia .
the last 20 years have produced further modifications and improvements for procedures in the treatment of sui e.g. materials used for the manufacturing of tapes are better absorbed , have fewer complications , and are better tolerated by women .
new tapes are implemented under the mid  urethra which makes them more safe for women .
free vaginal tape ( tvt ) was introduced to treat women suffering from sui where the urethral sphincter is suspended by tape attached to the pubic symphysis just above the vagina ( rectopubic ) .
the transobturator tape ( tot ) technique is based on use of the obturator foramen .
the new methods insure minimally invasive surgery , yet they may still incur complications . the pereyra  stamey 
raz needle approach and the tvt system may cause bladder wall damage , urination difficulty resulting from urethral blockage , and less frequently , damage to the urethral sphincter , intestines , blood vessels or nerves , and erosion of the vaginal wall .
one complication observed over longer periods of time after sui surgical procedures is the migration of threads or tape and penetration of the bladder wall and progressive formation of calculi which can become significant and fused with the thread(s ) and/or tape .
the frequency of urethral sphincter or bladder wall erosion after surgical procedures , based on long  term analysis , is approximately 2.5% .
if the tape or thread(s ) do not migrate to the urethral sphincter , the resulting stones do not create urination problems .
those patients with bladder stones attached to the bladder wall complain of pain during urination , incontinence , bladder bleeding , lumbar pain , and recurrent urinary tract infection [ 7 , 8 ] .
diagnosed stones require medical treatment which involves disintegration and removal of said stones and the excision of threads and/or tape that have penetrated the bladder wall . for these treatments , optical extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ( eswl ) apparatus , ultrasound probes , pneumatic lithoclast apparatus , and recently , a holmium laser have been used [ 911 ] .
this latest technique not only effectively disintegrates the bladder stones , but also efficiently excises tape and thread fragments which have found their way into the interior of the bladder . in this way
the objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the holmium / yttrium aluminum garnet ( ho : yag ) laser ( in the form of the omni puls 
max holmium laser ) , in disintegrating bladder stones resulting from the migration and penetration of the bladder wall by threads and/or tape used to treat stress urinary incontinence ( sui ) through minimally invasive surgery utilizing surgical thread and/or various types of tape . between january 2009 and february 2010
, six women were admitted to the 2nd clinic of urology , medical university of d ( poland ) for treatment of bladder stones .
these stones appeared on migrated surgical threads and/or tapes in the bladder after procedures for sui .
two of the patients had undergone the pereyra procedure ; the other four ,  tension 
one of the patients had cystolitholapaxy procedures twice after tvt implantation ( table 1 ) . 
 
method of sui treatment according to patient age , bladder stone diameter and time span from the procedure the age of the patients treated using the pereyra method ranged between 47 and 56 years ( average 51.5 ) , and those treated by tvt ranged from 57 to 71 years ( average 64 ) .
the time span between sui procedure and bladder stone treatment for women treated by the pereyra method was 8.5 years and 1.7 years for tvt treated women .
the diameter of the stones ranged from 1.7 to 3.5 cm ( average 2.6 ) for the pereyra method treated women and 1.6 to 3.0 ( average 2.3 ) cm for the tvt treated women ( table 2 ) . 
 
parameters of laser lithotripsy for bladder stone disease in patients after sui surgery stone disintegration through the use of the ho : yag laser was performed endoscopically ; the stones were fragmented and suctioned out , followed by thread and/or tape excision from the interior of the bladder .
the range of applied energy ranged from 0.2 to 3.5 j , and frequency from 5 to 60 hz . the optic fiber used for stone fragmentation and thread / tape excision was the flex max holmium laser fiber with diameters of 200 m , 365 m , and 550 m , according to the stone 's diameter .
x  ray imaging and cystoscopy were used for initial diagnosis followed by endoscopic examination of the bladder for confirmation ( figure 1 ) .
the stones were disintegrated and suctioned out , and the threads or tape fragments in the bladder were excised by the same optic fiber .
after two days of observation , the patients were discharged in generally good health with no after effects .
the time to perform the procedure  fragmenting and removing the stones , excising and removing migrated fragments of tvt from the bladder  took from 30 to 60 ( average 50 ) minutes ; whereas the procedure for pereyra method patients ( fragmenting and removing stones , excising and removing migrated threads from the bladder ) required 30 to 60 ( average 45 ) minutes . consumed power for fragmenting stones and excising tvt fragments from the bladder varied from 0.723 to 6.594 ( average 4.133 ) j ; whereas for the pereyra method patients , 0.252 to 3.452 ( average 1.85 ) j. for the procedure of stone fragmentation and tvt excision , 200 m , 365 m , and 550 m diameter laser fiber was utilized and 365 m and 550 m diameter laser fiber was utilized for thread penetration of pereyra method treated patients ( table 2 ) .
the procedure for disintegrating stones and excising tape or threads in the bladder with the use of endoscopy is straightforward and safe .
nevertheless , it bears mentioning that there is a risk of perforating the bladder wall ( resulting in urine seepage into surrounding tissue or the peritoneum ) when operating the laser optic fiber in close proximity to said wall .
stone fragments , tvt or thread fragments are easily evacuated from the bladder ( figures 25 ) .
it was disintegrated and threads were cut off with a holmium laser as endoscopic procedure . a piece of thread excised from the bladder of the patient who underwent pereyra procedure . stone and part of the tape after removal from the bladder by using holmium laser on as endoscopic procedure .
part of the tape with a few small stones on the surface after removal from the bladder by using holium laser as endoscopic procedure .
various authors offer several methods for treating bladder stones resulting from migrated tvt into the bladder  from optical lithotripsy to lithoclasts to lasers . in the case of tvt fragment removal
, current literature mentions the application of electroresection [ 911 ] . in these cases the opportunity to perform two procedures with the ho : yag laser was taken i.e. to disintegrate stones anchored to tape or thread fragments in the bladder and to excise said fragments .
the mesh or suture was completely removed from the bladder . in the authors opinion ,
endoscopic excision using the holmium laser can be the first line treatment in complications after continence surgery .
the 2nd clinic of urology , medical university of d ( poland ) has disintegrated urinary tract stones for several years utilizing an 80 w ho : yag laser , with very high effectiveness .
this laser was then applied to the treatment of bladder stones resultant from delayed complications after treatment of sui in women .
the advantage of the laser is the simultaneous opportunity to precisely fragment bladder stones and excise migrated tvt or thread fragments into the bladder .
the utilization of the ho : yag laser is effective in excising migrated surgical thread and tvt fragments which have penetrated the bladder wall and formed calculi after procedures for suspending the urethral sphincter . disintegrating the stones is straightforward , and excising tape or thread fragments has become a procedure , which is less invasive and more effective than methods applied up to this time .
endoscopy , coupled with the ho : yag laser , is a worthy endorsement in the treatment of calculi as a complication of sui treatment procedures .
introductionstress urinary incontinence ( sui ) is a condition of social dimension which generally pertains to women of various age 
 . the only effective treatments of sui are surgical procedures . 
 the use of tension - free vaginal tape ( tvt ) ensures low invasiveness but also carries the risk of complications . 
 one of the complications may be migration of the tape into the urinary bladder creating conditions for urinary stones . 
 there is a number of treatment methods for cystolithiasis , among them the optical lithotripter , ultrasound and pneumatic probes , and recently , the holmium laser.material and methodsfrom january 2009 to february 2010 , six women suffering from bladder stones were treated at our department . 
 all patients had previously undergone sui procedures and over time , thread or tape had penetrated into the urinary bladder . 
 the stone diameters were in the range of 1.6 cm3.5 cm . 
 lithotripsy was performed with the use of an 80 w holmium yag laser as an endoscopic procedure : beam frequency length of 2100 nm and applied energy was in the range of 0.23.5 j.resultsthe urinary bladder stones were disintegrated and suctioned out . during the same procedure , 
 the threads or tape from the sui procedure were excised from the bladder . 
 all patients were discharged from the hospital in good general condition after two days.conclusionsthe holmium laser is an effective treatment for patients with bladder stone complications after sui procedures when threads or tape have migrated and penetrated the bladder wall . 
 the procedure is straightforward and safe for patients .