You are presented with multiple paper abstracts, alongside the associated literature review and chapter titles. Given the provided information, you are going to do a literature review. Please generate a coherent literature review that synthesizes the content, draws connections between different works, highlights major findings, and identifies any gaps in the existing research.

Literature Review Title: A Survey on Optimal Control and Operation of Integrated Energy Systems 
Chapter Title:  Modeling Based on Energy Hub. Geidl and Andersson 
1. Abstract of Cited Paper (BIB001):  This paper proposes a generalized analytical approach to evaluate the reliability of active distribution networks. The studies are implemented in the context of renewable-based energy hubs. The reliability of energy demands is determined as a function of reliability characteristics of energy hub input resources and converters as well as hub operating strategies. The framework proposed in this paper involves the main attributes of different distributed generation technologies as well as vehicle-to-grid (V2G)-capable vehicles in the reliability studies. Dealing with the uncertainty in energy services provided by the wind turbine output generation and V2G programs, efficient probabilistic methods are presented to attain the reliability models of these energy resources for the studies. The fluctuations in energy demands are also represented through multistate analytical models. Convolving the probabilistic models of energy hub resources by the load profiles’ models, different reliability indices are calculated taking into consideration possible operating strategies of the energy hubs. Effectiveness of the proposed methodology is validated using extensive numerical studies on an energy hub and the obtained results demonstrate its applicability in adequacy studies of active energy networks. 
2. Abstract of Cited Paper (BIB002):  The concept of energy hub (EH) was proposed to facilitate the synergies among different forms of energy carriers. Under the new electricity market environment, it is of great significance to build a win–win situation for prosumers and the hub manager (HM) at the community level without bringing extra burden to the utility grid. This paper proposes a cooperative trading mode for a community-level energy system (CES), which consists of the energy hub and PV prosumers with the automatic demand response (DR) capability. In the cooperative trading framework, a real-time rolling horizon energy management model is proposed based on cooperative game theory considering the stochastic characteristics of PV prosumers and the conditional value at risk (CVaR). The validity of the proposed model is analyzed through optimality proof of the grand coalition. A contribution-based profit distribution scheme and its stability proof are also provided. Moreover, in order to solve the optimization model, it is further transformed into a more easily resolved mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model by adding auxiliary variables. Finally, via a practical example, the effectiveness of the model is verified in terms of promoting local consumption of PV energy, increasing HM's profits, and reducing prosumers’ costs, etc. 
3. Abstract of Cited Paper (BIB003):  EE (energy efficiency) level, an indispensable index reflecting the environmental performance of products, can be improved by the EE innovating effort of the producer. Considering both the evolution of EE level and market differentiation, we develop a Stackelberg differential game between a policy maker who sets the EE standard and multiple competing producers with different initial EE levels who decide the EE innovation simultaneously. As there exist numerous possible reactions for each producer under a given EE standard about whether to meet the EE standard or not, whether there exists an equilibrium is what we pay special attention to. We find that, under a given EE standard, there indeed exists a unique optimal reaction for each producer, and there exists an equilibrium. Moreover, we find that as green awareness or initial EE level increases, both the EE standard and EE innovation increase. Additionally, if policy maker pays more attention to consumer welfare and environmental performance rather than profit of producer, a more strict EE standard would be set. Also, both less information about the initial EE level and more competition among producers induce lower EE standard and social welfare.

Literature Review:
from Zurich Federal Institute of Technology rstly proposed the energy hub, which represents the interface between di erent energy infrastructures or loads BIB001 . It uses cogeneration technology, transformer, power electronic equipment, heat exchanger, and other equipment to convert and adjust the output of energy. In this model, the internal equipment is highly abstract, the static relationship of energy in the transmission and conversion process is considered, so it plays an important role in the planning and operation research of IES BIB003 BIB002 . Figure 3 shows a typical model of energy hub. e energy hub represents the input and output of energy, which are connected by an energy coupling matrix as follows BIB004 : where in is the original energy input to the energy hub; out is the energy output a er the energy hub; is the coupling matrix between input and output energy of the system to characterize the coupling relationship between energy. e advantages of energy hub are as follows: (1) It highly abstracts energy transmission, conversion, and scheduling processes, which are only related to energy input and output, and has good practicability and scalability. (2) It simpli es complex problems and provides a new way of thinking for the optimization of joint operation and scheduling of crossregional and city-level IES, and for market trading mechanism, bene t distribution and other issues. Disadvantages: (1) It cannot describe the dynamic behavior of the system well, and only considers the static analysis of energy. (2) When the coupling matrix is singular, the model cannot be solved. (3) With the development of various energy storage technologies, renewable energy technologies, demand response, and P2G technologies, the expansion of energy hub is required.