You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["HealthCareActivity", "InjuryOrPoisoning", "BodySubstance", "IntellectualProduct", "AnatomicalStructure", "SpatialConcept", "Chemical", "Bacterium", "MedicalDevice", "Organization", "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline", "Finding", "BiologicFunction", "Virus", "ResearchActivity", "ClinicalAttribute", "PopulationGroup", "Eukaryote", "BodySystem", "Food", "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup"].

Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Virus": ["HIV", ...], "Bacterium": ["MRSA", ...], "AnatomicalStructure": ["Lung", ...], "BodySystem": ["CNS", ...], "BodySubstance": ["Serum", ...], "Finding": ["Headache", ...], "InjuryOrPoisoning": ["Fracture", ...], "BiologicFunction": ["Death", ...], "HealthCareActivity": ["Biopsy", ...], "ResearchActivity": ["Clinical trial", ...], "MedicalDevice": ["Lenses", ...], "SpatialConcept": ["Camps", ...], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": ["Forensic medicine", ...], "Organization": ["WHO", ...], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": ["Provider", ...], "PopulationGroup": ["Swimmers", ...], "Chemical": ["Gold", ...], "Food": ["Rice", ...], "IntellectualProduct": ["RPAM", ...], "ClinicalAttribute": ["Biomarker", ...], "Eukaryote": ["Dogs", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].

Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.

Abstract:

An Automated, Pharmacist -Driven Initiative Improves Quality of Care for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Infectious diseases (ID) consultation and antimicrobial stewardship intervention have been shown to improve the management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). As the workload of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) continues to increase, ASPs must find a way to maximize the efficiency of the program while optimizing patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of incorporating health informatics into the management of SAB via a pharmacist -driven initiative. Retrospective, single-center quasi-experimental study of hospitalized patients with SAB. During the intervention period, pharmacists were alerted to patients with SAB via a patient scoring tool integrated into the electronic medical record. Pharmacists utilized the scoring tool and the institution's evidence-based practice guideline to make standardized recommendations to promote adherence to SAB quality-of-care measures and encourage ID consultation. The primary outcome was overall compliance along with adherence to individual quality-of-care components. Secondary clinical outcomes were also analyzed. 84 patients were identified for study inclusion, 45 in the pre- intervention and 39 in the intervention group. As a whole, all four quality-of-care components for the management of SAB were significantly more frequently adhered to in the intervention group (68.9% vs. 92.3%; P=0.008). The incidence of ID consult improved significantly by almost 20% in the intervention group (75.6% vs. 94.9%, P=0.015). No statistically significant differences in duration of bacteremia, length-of-stay, infection -related length-of-stay, or readmission were observed between the groups. The incidence of all-cause mortality was 6-fold higher in the pre- intervention group compared to the intervention group (15.6% vs. 2.6%, P=0.063). An automated, pharmacist -driven intervention for the management of patients with SAB demonstrated a significant improvement in patients receiving an ID consult, targeted antimicrobial therapy, and adherence to all SAB quality-of-care measures. As antimicrobial stewardship becomes a mandatory aspect of healthcare in all hospitals in the U.S., ASPs will be forced to find ways to provide more efficient, impactful, disease state-based patient care. Our study provides the framework for and data to support this intervention in one of the most clinically important infectious diseases.
{"AnatomicalStructure": [], "Bacterium": [], "BiologicFunction": ["infectious diseases", "ID", "infection", "Initiative", "Infectious diseases", "initiative", "Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia", "bacteremia", "disease", "SAB", "Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia"], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": ["health informatics"], "BodySubstance": [], "BodySystem": [], "Chemical": ["antimicrobial therapy"], "ClinicalAttribute": [], "Eukaryote": [], "Finding": ["find", "compliance", "improve", "improved", "Improves"], "Food": [], "HealthCareActivity": ["Quality of Care", "antimicrobial stewardship programs", "patient care", "antimicrobial stewardship", "consult", "management", "readmission", "intervention", "ASPs", "healthcare", "antimicrobial stewardship intervention", "quality-of-care", "consultation", "evaluate"], "InjuryOrPoisoning": [], "IntellectualProduct": ["guideline", "electronic medical record"], "MedicalDevice": ["scoring tool"], "Organization": ["institution\u0027s", "hospitals"], "PopulationGroup": ["individual"], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": ["Pharmacist", "pharmacist", "pharmacists", "Pharmacists"], "ResearchActivity": ["analyzed", "study"], "SpatialConcept": ["U.S."], "Virus": []}