You will be presented with a collection of medical randomized controlled trial (RCT) reports addressing a shared clinical question -- for instance, the efficacy of a medical intervention on a disease or condition. Given the titles and abstracts of these reports, your task is to generate the conclusion of the systematic review article synthesizing the key findings. Your conclusion should be a few sentences long. In your response, include only the conclusion and no other text. The RCT reports are below.



Title 1:
Differential effects of risk factors on infant wheeze and atopic dermatitis emphasize a different etiology.
Abstract 1:
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis ( AD ) often develops in infancy as the first manifestation of the atopic phenotype . Wheezing is also common in infancy , but it is less clear whether infant wheezing should be considered as an atopic phenotype . If infant wheeze and AD share a common aetiology , this would indicate that infant wheezing is an atopic phenotype . OBJECTIVE To investigate whether potential risk factors for infant wheeze and AD have similar effects on these 2 phenotypes , indicating a common etiology . METHODS A total of 34.793 mother-child pairs enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort were followed prospect ively . Information on wheezing episodes , AD , and prenatal , perinatal , and postnatal risk factors was collected by interview at 12 and 30 weeks of gestation , at 6 and 18 months of age , and by linkage to the Danish Medical Birth Register . Data were analyzed by binary and polytomous logistic regression models . RESULTS The following variables had significantly differential effects on infant wheezing and AD : parental hay fever , parental asthma , parental AD , sex , maternal age , maternal occupation , smoking during pregnancy , season of birth , birth weight , gestational age , head circumference , breast-feeding , number of older siblings , day care attendance , and pets in the home . CONCLUSION The majority of risk factors had differential effects on infant wheeze and AD indicative of a different etiology . Infant wheezing does not seem to be etiologically linked to the epidemic of atopic disease , and infant wheezing should not be used as an indicator of the atopic phenotype


Title 2:
Risk factors for symptoms of childhood asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in the Pacific: an ISAAC Phase III study.
Abstract 2:
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Phase III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood ( ISAAC ) was conducted in eight Pacific countries , five of which ( Samoa , Fiji , Tokelau , French Polynesia and New Caledonia ) collected environmental question naire ( EQ ) data . We report the findings of the EQ analyses below . RESULTS The major factors associated with current wheeze were regular margarine consumption ( prevalence odds ratio [ POR ] 1.19 , 95%CI 1.01 - 1.40 ) , paracetamol use ( POR 1.35 , 95%CI 1.11 - 1.64 ) , electric cooking ( POR 1.42 , 95%CI 1.11 - 1.80 ) , regular exercise ( POR 1.44 , 95%CI 1.18 - 1.75 ) and maternal smoking ( POR 1.16 , 95%CI 1.01 - 1.33 ) . Protective factors included having older siblings ( two or more POR 0.69 , 95%CI 0.58 - 0.82 ; one POR 0.86 , 95%CI 0.71 - 1.05 ) , and being born in the country of the survey ( POR 0.74 , 95%CI 0.63 - 0.87 ) . Risk factors for rhinoconjunctivitis included regular consumption of meat , butter , margarine and nuts , regular exercise , regular television viewing , paracetamol  use and passive smoking . Eczema was associated with regular meat , pasta and butter consumption , regular television viewing , paracetamol use and passive smoking . CONCLUSIONS Regular meat and margarine consumption , paracetamol use , electric cooking and passive smoking are risk factors for symptoms of asthma , rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in the Pacific . However , most of these associations were weak , and account for only a small proportion of cases


Title 3:
Smoking and the development of allergic sensitization to aeroallergens in adults: a prospective population‐based study.  The Copenhagen Allergy Study
Abstract 3:
Background : Several cross‐sectional population ‐based studies have reported a negative association between smoking and allergic sensitization to aeroallergens . In a prospect i ve study , we investigated the association between smoking and the development ( incidence ) of allergic sensitization as reflected by skin prick test ( SPT ) positivity and specific IgE positivity


Title 4:
Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in primary schoolchildren in Turkey.
Abstract 4:
The present study aim ed to investigate the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in primary schoolchildren in Denizli , Turkey , and to determine the possible risk factors for atopic dermatitis in home environment . A self-administered question naire was h and led to the parents of 2,100 children aged 7 to 15 years , from three r and omized primary schools and 1,644 ( 78.9 % ) completed and returned the question naire . The question naire included the United Kingdom Working Party diagnostic criteria and asked about conditions that could affect the course of atopic dermatitis . The prevalence of atopic dermatitis and coexisting factors that may affect the course of the disease were evaluated in 1,644 children ( 825 girls and 819 boys ) . The prevalence of atopic dermatitis was detected as 4.9 % . Passive smoking , heating systems either in the house or in the child 's bedroom , and the number of people living in the house had no significant effect ( p > 0.005 ) . The difference in prevalence of atopic dermatitis between developed and developing countries is striking . The determination of the factors that have an influence in this issue will probably enable us to change the course and frequency of atopic dermatitis
Active and passive exposure to smoke are associated with increased AD prevalence