You are presented with a paragraph from a COVID-19 literature. Classify the topics of this piece of text by choosing from the following categories:

- Epidemic Forecasting: The content relates to predictions about the spread of COVID-19.
- Treatment: The paragraph discusses therapeutic methods or medication for COVID-19.
- Prevention: The content covers measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
- Mechanism: The paragraph explains the biological mechanisms of the virus.
- Case Report: The content is a report of a COVID-19 case.
- Transmission: The paragraph discusses how COVID-19 is transmitted.
- Diagnosis: The content is about diagnosing COVID-19 in individuals.

Your classification should be provided as an element within a JSON array. The array should be formatted with topics enclosed in double quotes and separated by commas, following the JSON format, for example: ["Topic1", "Topic2", ...]. Include all applicable topics within the array. Your output should be a valid JSON array, and no additional text should be included in your response.

Article:

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) encompass a group of glycoproteins composed of unbranched negatively charged heparan sulfate (HS) chains covalently attached to a core protein. The complex HSPG biosynthetic machinery generates an extraordinary structural variety of HS chains that enable them to bind a plethora of ligands, including growth factors, morphogens, cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, matrix proteins, and bacterial and viral pathogens. These interactions translate into key regulatory activity of HSPGs on a wide range of cellular processes such as receptor activation and signaling, cytoskeleton assembly, extracellular matrix remodeling, endocytosis, cell-cell crosstalk, and others. Due to their ubiquitous expression within tissues and their large functional repertoire, HSPGs are involved in many physiopathological processes; thus, they have emerged as valuable targets for the therapy of many human diseases. Among their functions, HSPGs assist many viruses in invading host cells at various steps of their life cycle. Viruses utilize HSPGs for the attachment to the host cell, internalization, intracellular trafficking, egress, and spread. Recently, HSPG involvement in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been established. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying HSPG/SARS-CoV-2 interaction and downstream effects, and we provide an overview of the HSPG-based therapeutic strategies that could be used to combat such a fearsome virus.
["Mechanism", "Treatment"]