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in general the problem of causality is closely connected with basic philosophical problems .
the main philosophical problem concerns a relation between matter and spirit .
there are two extreme points of view on this problem :    matter is primary and spirit is secondary ;    spirit is primary and matter is secondary . in connection with this topic
we should remember the discussion between einstein and tagore . in this discussion
einstein upheld a materialistic view ( 1 . ) and tagore upheld an idealistic one ( 2 . ) .
i think that in some sense these extremes can meet or some medium point of view is possible .
but at first i determine some characteristic features of these extreme views as i understand them :    a materialistic view    there is a common or physical or objective time and space ( space - time ) ,    there is a unified ( physical ) law ,    there are a theoretical predictability for space - time events and a world order ,    a person ( human ) is a part of material world , he has no a free will ;    an idealistic view    an individual spirit is free from time and space ,    any spaces and laws can be formed by consciousness ( or consensus ) ,    an individual spirit is unpredictable ,    a person ( human ) is an incarnation of an individual spirit which has a free will .    a materialistic view ( 1 .
) is confirmed by advances of natural science . an idealistic view ( 2 . )
can be confirmed by demonstrations of parapsychology phenomena .
my opinion is that there are space - time with a unified law and the world order .
being `` normal '' an individual acts in the framework of the world order but may be he ( his spirit ) can also escape ( in a certain sense , sometimes or often ) from the material world and space - time .
thus i think that intermediate states also are possible .    in any case
a knowledge of a unified law gives significant advantages for the civilization , in creation of new technical devices .
thus the object of my present investigation is a unified law of matter .
the quantum mechanics description can not pretend to this role because it gives probabilistic predictions in principle .
( in the known expression by einstein `` god does not play dice '' just a unified law is considered as god . )    in this connection i consider a unified local field theory .
the whole history of pre - quantum physics naturally led to the idea of unified field theory for description of matter .
all particles of matter and its apparent mutual influence must be represented by some solution of an appropriate field model which must be nonlinear .
also this model must be local , i.e. it is represented by some purely differential system of equations .
this is an essence of the ideas which was inspiring for many scientists in their working .
let us mention just a few : a.  einstein , l.  de broglie , h.  weil , a.  eddington , g.  mie , e.  schrdinger , m.  born , l.  infeld , j.  plebansky , etc .
but on the other hand the impressive success of quantum mechanics has eclipsed the idea of unified field theory which was in the air .
the quantum mechanics is essentially a linear theory which is much more simple for investigation than nonlinear one .
but the quantum mechanics gives the probabilistic predictions only .
einstein , podolsky , and rosen in their famous article @xcite had advanced the arguments for the standpoint that quantum mechanical description of reality is incomplete .
bohm and aharonov had proposed an example ( see also my article @xcite ) for demonstration the epr paradox in which two spin particles scatter in opposite directions . according to the quantum mechanical description for this experiment , a spin states of the individual particles are indeterminate until a measurement event .
but as soon as we have measured a spin state for one particle then a spin state for another particle becomes determinate immediately .
this resulting situation is connected with the conservation law of full angular momentum for the system of two particles .
this situation looks as though there was an instantaneous interaction between space separate particles .
it contradicts with the thesis for locality of interactions .
thus quantum mechanics predicts nonlocal correlations between the events .
well known aspect experiment @xcite for testing of also well known bell inequalities @xcite determines that there are the nonlocal correlations .    at first glance
the existence of this nonlocal correlations rejects a possibility for description of matter by an unified local field theory .
however , actually , this is not the fact . in the following i
show that nonlocal correlations between events must exist in the framework of a unified local field theory of matter .
actually the concept of unified local field theory for the material world is similar to the concept of ether , if we understand it in the broad sense but not a narrow mechanical one .
this concept supposes only two basic properties : continuity and locality .
mathematically these properties are expressed in the fact that we consider some purely differential field model or some system of equations with partial derivatives . to describe naturally the interactions between material objects , this system of equations must be nonlinear .
we believe also that there is a model solution which is determinate in space - time .
thus , according to this concept , we can consider some cauchy problem or the problem with initial condition for obtaining the world evolution .    within the framework of such theory a single elementary particle
is represented by some space - localized solution . moreover , because , as we know , elementary particles have wave properties , this solution must have an appropriate wave part .
the wave part is considered here in the sense of time fourier expansion for the solution in own coordinate system of the particle , where this part has the form of a standing wave .
there is a simplest example for such standing wave even for the customary linear wave equation .
these well known solutions of the wave equation in a spherical coordinate system include spherical harmonics .
for the spherically symmetric case we have the standing wave @xmath0 which is formed by the sum of divergent and convergent spherical waves .
with the help of lorentz transformation we can obtain the appropriate solution in the form of moving nondeliquescent wave packet
. then own frequency @xmath1 transforms to wave vector @xmath2 such that @xmath3 using the linear relation between the wave vector and a vector of momentum we obtain @xmath4    a single elementary particle solution of a nonlinear field model may be called also as _
solitron_. this term has a similar sense that `` solitary wave '' or `` soliton '' .
but usually the term `` soliton '' is used in mathematical context for some special solutions .
it is significant , the concept of unified field theory supposes that all variety and evolution of the material world are represented by some space - time field configuration which is an exact solution of the nonlinear field model .
it is evident that this solution is very very complicated but it is determinate on space - time by the field model with initial and boundary conditions . in the vicinity of a separate elementary particle
this world solution is close to the appropriate single elementary particle solution , but each elementary particle behaves as the part of the world solution .
thus the behavior of each elementary particle is connected with the whole space - time field configuration of the world solution .    for certain conditions it is possible to consider the world solution part connecting with a separate elementary particle as the appropriate solitron solution with slowly variable velocity .
( for the case of nonlinear electrodynamics see , for example , my article @xcite . )
this level for investigation of the world solution relates to the classical ( not quantum ) physics .
it is evident that although the model is local , the world solution is nonlocal in character because it is determined on a whole space - time applicable domain .
this means , in particular , that there are undoubtedly nonlocal correlations between space separate parts of the common world solution .
this sentence may be explained with the help of the following simplest example .
0.35 mm    ( 104.67,90.00 ) ( 10,10)(0,1)80 ( 30,10)(0,1)80 ( 50,10)(0,1)80 ( 70,10)(0,1)80 ( 90,10)(0,1)80 ( 57,50.00)(1,0)40 ( 10.00,50.00 ) ( 10.00,25.00 ) ( 40.00,50.00 ) ( 6,47.00)(0,0)[rc]@xmath5 ( 6,24.67)(0,0)[rc]@xmath6 ( 40.00,44.50)(0,0)[ct]@xmath7 ( 10.00,5.00)(1,0)90 ( 104,5.00)(0,0)[lc]@xmath8 ( 10,5)(0,-1)2 ( 40,5)(0,-1)2 ( 40.00,1.00)(0,0)[ct]@xmath9 ( 10.00,1.00)(0,0)[ct]@xmath10    let us consider a customary plane wave travelling on axis @xmath8 with a fixed wave - length @xmath11 ( see fig .
1 ) such that @xmath12 \quad . \ ] ] this wave is the solution of the customary linear wave equation .
at the points @xmath5 , @xmath6 , and @xmath7 the field evolution has the forms @xmath13 \quad , \\
\nonumber & & p:\ ; f=\sin [ ( 2\pi/\lambda)\,x^0 ] \quad , \\
\nonumber & & q:\ ; f=\sin [ ( 2\pi/\lambda)\,(x^0 { } - { } q ) ] \quad.\end{aligned}\ ] ]    thus here there are the nonlocal correlations between the field evolution at the points @xmath5 , @xmath7 , and @xmath6 .
totality of such nonlocal correlations is , in fact , the solution in space - time for the local field model .
the possible world solution ( which is extremely more complicated than a plane wave ) is also the continuous set of nonlocal correlations for the field evolution at the points of three - dimensional space .    of course
, if we make some excitation for field at the point @xmath5 then a propagation of this excitation from this point will have a finite speed .
but in the scope of the world solution we do not be able to make this excitation or to modify arbitrarily this world solution .
any excitations of the field at the point @xmath5 belong to the world solution which is a single whole .
that is , in this case we must consider also all excitations coming to this point and we will have some standing wave near it . thus the world solution is rather a very complicated system of standing waves than progressing ones .
the initial condition is a common cause of all field excitations and after a long evolution the different correlations may exist , even the strange ones .
it can only be said quite positively that the world solution can be represented by fourier integral ( or series ) on orthogonal space - time harmonics which are essentially nonlocal .
( here we must remember how a dominant role is played by orthogonal functions in quantum approach . )
the key to understanding the appearance of momentary distant interaction in the experiment , which is considered in section [ sec2 ] , is contained in a concept of chance choice
. within the framework of the world solution a chance choice is absent , but both experimenter and experimental apparatus are a part of this world solution .
that is the orientation of particle spin detectors in the experiment under consideration is predetermined by the world solution .
we speak about a chance choice because we do not know the world solution .    as experimentalists
, we think that we establish the initial conditions for the process under investigation but may be this is too conceitedly and the veritable initial condition was established earlier . but as theorists , we can already calculate many correlations between space - time events .
thus we can suppose that the quantum mechanical description is the level for investigation of the world solution .
this level take into consideration , in particular , the global or nonlocal aspects of this solution .
nonlocality was founded in quantum mechanics from the outset . in schrdinger
s picture a free elementary particle ( which have a determinate momentum ) is related with a plane wave having a constant amplitude on the whole space . in this case
the quantum mechanical description does not determine a position of the particle .
that is we have the representation of a free elementary particle by a non space - localized wave that accentuates just nonlocal aspect of matter .    as we see , there is nonlocality also in the framework of unified local field theory .
but such theory supposes a solitron model for free elementary particle that is intuitively more preferable .
furthermore according to this concept there is a deterministic description of matter .    thus having a unified mathematical model for matter
we must also take into consideration the whole of the material world evolution from a start point when the initial condition was determined . and
we can say that there is the global causality in the space - time universe .
as we see the unified field theory approach can give a strong determinancy of events in material world .
but my opinion is that we must also take into consideration some things which are outside from the space - time framework of the physical world .
suppose here by definition that these things include spirits .
because a spirit is outside from the material world or a world solution , he may have an influence on initial and boundary conditions .
suppose that a spirit can partially modify the world solution , which is possible with the help of some dynamical boundary conditions .
but these modifications must be again nonlocal in general .
thus the world solution is determinate in general and a possible intervention of spirit must be unexpected and unusual in character .
this spirit intervention also realizes a global space - time causality in a sense , but this causality is not explained by physical laws .
i think that this is a reasonable way for introduction a concept of will to the picture of material world stated above .
thus i believe that in the material world we have a partial nonlocal determinancy which however agree with a unified local field theory of matter .    in connection with the fact that i touch on philosophical problems in this article , i would like also refer to schrdinger s book @xcite including considerations which i accept in general .
at present we consider a single atom and even a single electron as objects of technology .
there is a concept of a single electron transistor @xcite and we can seriously consider prospects for building an avogadro - scale computer acting on bits @xcite . in such computer using the nuclear magnetic resonance one nuclear spin must store one bit of information
.    traditional computation can do many useful things and this ability can become very much stronger with the possible avogadro - scale technology . but the traditional computation needs a determinate controlling .
such controlling is possible if we have a unified field theory of matter in the sense that was stated above .
this is one of the possible applications of the approach under review .
but , of course , a realization for the paradigm of unified field theory will discover abilities which we do not know at the present time .    in connection with the approach of unified field theory
i propose to consider the nonlinear electrodynamics model of born - infeld type with singularities @xcite .
in particular , in the framework of this model the two fundamental long - range interactions ( electromagnetism and gravitation ) may be unified ( see my articles ) .
einstein , a. , podolsky , b. , and rosen , n. ( 1935 ) can quantum - mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete ?
_ * 47 * , 777780 .
bohm , d. and aharonov , y. ( 1957 ) discussion of experimental proof for the paradox of einstein , rosen , and podolsky , _ phys .
* 108 * , 10701076 .
the problems connected with a causality of space - time universe and with the paradox of einstein , podolsky , and rosen are considered . 
 a main philosophical problem and its possible solutions are briefly discussed . 
 a concept of unified local field theory is considered . 
 it is shown that in the framework of such theory there are nonlocal correlations between space separate events . 
 these correlations are predicted by quantum mechanics and they are confirmed by aspect type experiments for testing of bell inequality . 
 the presence of these nonlocal correlations in the framework of a local field theory is connected with the fact that its solution is nonlocal in character . 
 prospects for possible applications of a unified local field theory are considered .