You will be presented with a collection of medical randomized controlled trial (RCT) reports addressing a shared clinical question -- for instance, the efficacy of a medical intervention on a disease or condition. Given the titles and abstracts of these reports, your task is to generate the conclusion of the systematic review article synthesizing the key findings. Your conclusion should be a few sentences long. In your response, include only the conclusion and no other text. The RCT reports are below.



Title 1:
Beyond Identity: Incorporating System Reliability Information Into an Automated Combat Identification System
Abstract 1:
Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate display formats for an automated combat identification ( CID ) aid . Background : Verbally informing users of automation reliability improves reliance on automated CID systems . A display can provide reliability information in real time . Method : We developed and tested four visual displays that showed both target identity and system reliability information . Display type ( pie , r and om mesh ) and display proximity ( integrated , separated ) of identity and reliability information were manipulated . In Experiment 1 , participants used the displays while engaging targets in a simulated combat environment . In Experiment 2 , participants briefly viewed still scenes from the simulation . Results : Participants relied on the automation more appropriately with the integrated display than with the separated display . Participants using the r and om mesh display showed greater sensitivity than those using a pie chart . However , in Experiment 2 , the sensitivity effects were limited to lower reliability levels . Conclusion : The integrated display format and the r and om mesh display were the most effective displays tested . Application : We recommend the use of the integrated format and a r and om mesh display to indicate identity and reliability information with an automated CID system


Title 2:
Transitioning to Future Air Traffic Management: Effects of Imperfect Automation on Controller Attention and Performance
Abstract 2:
Objective : This study examined whether benefits of conflict probe automation would occur in a future air traffic scenario in which air traffic service providers ( ATSPs ) are not directly responsible for freely maneuvering aircraft but are controlling other nonequipped aircraft ( mixed-equipage environment ) . The objective was to examine how the type of automation imperfection ( miss vs. false alarm ) affects ATSP performance and attention allocation . Background : Research has shown that the type of automation imperfection leads to differential human performance costs . Method : Participating in four 30-min scenarios were 12 full-performance-level ATSPs . Dependent variables included conflict detection and resolution performance , eye movements , and subjective ratings of trust and self confidence . Results : ATSPs detected conflicts faster and more accurately with reliable automation , as compared with manual performance . When the conflict probe automation was unreliable , conflict detection performance declined with both miss ( 25 % conflicts detected ) and false alarm automation ( 50 % conflicts detected ) . Conclusion : When the primary task of conflict detection was automated , even highly reliable yet imperfect automation ( miss or false alarm ) result ed in serious negative effects on operator performance . Application : The further in advance that conflict probe automation predicts a conflict , the greater the uncertainty of prediction ; thus , design ers should provide users with feedback on the state of the automation or other tools that allow for inspection and analysis of the data underlying the conflict probe algorithm
Our three-layered trust model provides a new lens for conceptualizing the variability of trust in automation .