You are provided with the abstract of a scientific paper and the abstracts of the papers it references. Your task is to write a Related Work section for the main paper. This section should concisely summarize and integrate the key points from the cited abstracts, reflecting how they relate to the main paper's contributions and context. In your summary, use numerical citation markers like [1], [2], etc., to refer to the corresponding papers.

Main Abstract:
The Internet of Things (IoT) is offering unprecedented observational data that are used for managing Smart City utilities. Edge and Fog gateway devices are an integral part of IoT deployments to acquire real-time data and enact controls. Recently, Edge-computing is emerging as first-class paradigm to complement Cloud-centric analytics. But a key limitation is the lack of a platform-as-a-service for applications spanning Edge and Cloud. Here, we propose ( ECHO ), an orchestration platform for dataflows across distributed resources. ( ECHO ) ’s hybrid dataflow composition can operate on diverse data models – streams, micro-batches and files, and interface with native runtime engines like TensorFlow and Storm to execute them. It manages the application’s lifecycle, including container-based deployment and a registry for state management. ( ECHO ) can schedule the dataflow on different Edge, Fog and Cloud resources, and also perform dynamic task migration between resources. We validate the ( ECHO ) platform for executing video analytics and sensor streams for Smart Traffic and Smart Utility applications on Raspberry Pi, NVidia TX1, ARM64 and Azure Cloud VM resources, and present our results.

Cited Abstract(s):
[1]: Millions of computer owners worldwide contribute computer time to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, performing the largest computation ever.
like Seti@home [1] have targeted the use of idle compute capacity in desktops. However, some of the inherent P2P characteristics are missing in an IoT scenario. Device churn is a major factor in P2P but less so for infrastructure IoT, or even mobile devices that are typically within cell communication. This, coupled with the growth of global Cloud data centers, make it feasible for centralized services for coordination. Dataflow composition is also a non-goal for such P2P systems that typically use a task-queue model for opportunistic computing.