You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["HealthCareActivity", "InjuryOrPoisoning", "BodySubstance", "IntellectualProduct", "AnatomicalStructure", "SpatialConcept", "Chemical", "Bacterium", "MedicalDevice", "Organization", "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline", "Finding", "BiologicFunction", "Virus", "ResearchActivity", "ClinicalAttribute", "PopulationGroup", "Eukaryote", "BodySystem", "Food", "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup"].

Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Virus": ["HIV", ...], "Bacterium": ["MRSA", ...], "AnatomicalStructure": ["Lung", ...], "BodySystem": ["CNS", ...], "BodySubstance": ["Serum", ...], "Finding": ["Headache", ...], "InjuryOrPoisoning": ["Fracture", ...], "BiologicFunction": ["Death", ...], "HealthCareActivity": ["Biopsy", ...], "ResearchActivity": ["Clinical trial", ...], "MedicalDevice": ["Lenses", ...], "SpatialConcept": ["Camps", ...], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": ["Forensic medicine", ...], "Organization": ["WHO", ...], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": ["Provider", ...], "PopulationGroup": ["Swimmers", ...], "Chemical": ["Gold", ...], "Food": ["Rice", ...], "IntellectualProduct": ["RPAM", ...], "ClinicalAttribute": ["Biomarker", ...], "Eukaryote": ["Dogs", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].

Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.

Abstract:

Biochemical and proteomic analyses of the physiological response induced by individual housing in gilts provide new potential stress markers The objective assessment of animal stress and welfare requires proper laboratory biomarkers. In this work, we have analyzed the changes in serum composition in gilts after switching their housing, from pen to individual stalls, which is generally accepted to cause animal discomfort. Blood and saliva samples were collected a day before and up to four days after changing the housing system. Biochemical analyses showed adaptive changes in lipid and protein metabolism after the housing switch, whereas cortisol and muscular markers showed a large variability between animals. 2D-DIGE and iTRAQ proteomic approaches revealed variations in serum protein composition after changing housing and diet of gilts. Both techniques showed alterations in two main homeostatic mechanisms: the innate immune and redox systems. The acute phase proteins haptoglobin, apolipoprotein A-I and α1-antichymotrypsin 3, and the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin 2 were found differentially expressed by 2D-DIGE. Other proteins related to the innate immune system, including lactotransferrin, protegrin 3 and galectin 1 were also identified by iTRAQ, as well as oxidative stress enzymes such as peroxiredoxin 2 and glutathione peroxidase 3. Proteomics also revealed the decrease of apolipoproteins, and the presence of intracellular proteins in serum, which may indicate physical injury to tissues. Housing of gilts in individual stalls and diet change increase lipid and protein catabolism, oxidative stress, activate the innate immune system and cause a certain degree of tissue damage. We propose that valuable assays for stress assessment in gilts may be based on a score composed by a combination of salivary cortisol, lipid metabolites, innate immunity and oxidative stress markers and intracellular proteins.
{"AnatomicalStructure": ["muscular", "tissues"], "Bacterium": [], "BiologicFunction": ["protein metabolism", "homeostatic mechanisms", "redox", "stress", "physiological response", "protein catabolism", "oxidative stress"], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": ["Proteomics", "proteomic"], "BodySubstance": ["serum", "Blood", "saliva samples"], "BodySystem": [], "Chemical": ["enzymes", "protegrin 3", "cortisol", "apolipoproteins", "acute phase proteins", "haptoglobin", "lactotransferrin", "peroxiredoxin 2", "serum protein", "apolipoprotein A-I", "glutathione peroxidase 3", "metabolites", "lipid", "galectin 1", "proteins", "antioxidant"], "ClinicalAttribute": ["biomarkers", "composition", "markers"], "Eukaryote": ["gilts", "animals", "animal"], "Finding": ["discomfort"], "Food": [], "HealthCareActivity": ["assessment", "stress assessment", "2D-DIGE"], "InjuryOrPoisoning": ["tissue damage"], "IntellectualProduct": ["iTRAQ"], "MedicalDevice": [], "Organization": ["laboratory"], "PopulationGroup": [], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": [], "ResearchActivity": ["analyses"], "SpatialConcept": ["intracellular"], "Virus": []}