You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["Chemical"].

Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Chemical": ["Arsenic", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].

Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.

Abstract:

Effect of a Garcinia garderiana (Planchon and Triana) Zappi hydroalcoholic extract on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: Garcinia gardneriana (Planchon and Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae) is popularly called "bacopari" in southern Brazil. The leaves of this plant are traditionally used to treat skin disorders. AIM OF STUDY: This study evaluated the effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of Garcinia gardneriana leaves (HEGG) on B16F10 murine melanoma cells in order to search for new depigmenting agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of HEGG were assessed in melanin content assays in B16F10 melanoma cells compared with the reference drug kojic acid (500mM). Melanin content was measured after spontaneous melanogenesis, UVB-induced melanogenesis and melanogenesis induced by α-MSH. At the same time, cell viability assays were conducted. Intracellular and mushroom tyrosinase activity assays were employed to evaluate the effect of HEGG on tyrosinase activity. RESULTS: HEGG decreased the level of melanin under all three experimental conditions of melanin content evaluation without reducing cell viability. In intracellular tyrosinase assays, the enzyme's activity was reduced about 19% with extract concentrations ranging 0.1-10µg/mL. In the mushroom tyrosinase activity assay a maximal inhibition of 35% (1000µg/mL) was observed. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that HEGG inhibition relates to its tyrosinase activity. Therefore, the hydroalcoholic extract of Garcinia gardneriana shows great potential for use as a depigmenting agent in hyperpigmentation disorders.
{"Chemical": ["kojic acid"]}