You are provided with the abstract of a scientific paper and the abstracts of the papers it references. Your task is to write a Related Work section for the main paper. This section should concisely summarize and integrate the key points from the cited abstracts, reflecting how they relate to the main paper's contributions and context. In your summary, use numerical citation markers like [1], [2], etc., to refer to the corresponding papers.

Main Abstract:
Multi-language virtual machines have a number of advantages. They allow software developers to use software libraries that were written for different programming languages. Furthermore, language implementors do not have to bother with low-level VM functionality and their implementation can benefit from optimizations in existing virtual machines. MagLev is an implementation of the Ruby programming language on top of the GemStone S virtual machine for the Smalltalk programming language. In this work, we present how software components written in both languages can interact. We show how MagLev unifies the Smalltalk and the Ruby object model, taking into account Smalltalk meta classes, Ruby singleton classes, and Ruby modules. Besides, we show how we can call Ruby methods from Smalltalk and vice versa. We also present MagLev's concept of bridge methods for implementing Ruby method calling conventions. Finally, we compare our solution to other language implementations and virtual machines.

Cited Abstract(s):
[1]: Software programs are often written in more than one programming language as the emergence of domain specific languages testifies. Language in- terpreters are easily embeddable and performances are usually satisfactory. How- ever, inter-language interaction remains a field tarnished by poor performances. The reason is that alien objects are wrapped, implying the use of expensive for- warding and converting mechanism. We propose to represent alien objects as the set of different states and behaviors it may have by moving between languages, thus avoiding wrapping and conversion. We have validated our solution on integration of Java and Smalltalk programming languages.
In a later paper, evaluate the concept of behavior objects for Java in Smalltalk X [1] . Just as in MagLev, every Smalltalk X object is a Java object. Instead of environments, use different behavior objects for every programming language. A behavior object contains the methods for an object in one programming language. A Smalltalk behavior object is a Smalltalk class and a Java behavior object is an object similar to a Java class. Therefore, objects can have two classes. In addition, they use mapping functions to transform the object layout for object state, assuming that different programming languages expect different object state layouts. Just as in MagLev, every programming language can define a different superclass. The superclass is stored in the behavior object.