You will be presented with a collection of medical randomized controlled trial (RCT) reports addressing a shared clinical question -- for instance, the efficacy of a medical intervention on a disease or condition. Given the titles and abstracts of these reports, your task is to generate the conclusion of the systematic review article synthesizing the key findings. Your conclusion should be a few sentences long. In your response, include only the conclusion and no other text. The RCT reports are below.



Title 1:
Effects of resistance and aerobic exercise on physical function, bone mineral density, OPG and RANKL in older women
Abstract 1:
This study compared the effects of a resistance training protocol and a moderate-impact aerobic training protocol on bone mineral density ( BMD ) , physical ability , serum osteoprotegerin ( OPG ) , and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B lig and ( RANKL ) levels .  Seventy-one older women were r and omly assigned to resistance exercise ( RE ) , aerobic exercise ( AE ) or a control group ( CON ) . Both interventions were conducted 3 times per week for 8 months . Outcome measures included proximal femur BMD , muscle strength , balance , body composition , serum OPG , and RANKL levels . Potential confounding variables included dietary intake , accelerometer-based physical activity ( PA ) , and molecularly defined lactase nonpersistence . After 8 months , only RE group exhibited increases in BMD at the trochanter ( 2.9 % ) and total hip ( 1.5 % ) , and improved body composition . Both RE and AE groups improved balance . No significant changes were observed in OPG and RANKL levels , and OPG/RANKL ratio . Lactase nonpersistence was not associated with BMD changes . No group differences were observed in baseline values or change in dietary intakes and daily PA . Data suggest that 8 months of RE may be more effective than AE for inducing favourable changes in BMD and muscle strength , whilst both interventions demonstrate to protect against the functional balance control that is strongly related to fall risk


Title 2:
Effects of a three-month therapeutic lifestyle modification program to improve bone health in postmenopausal Korean women in a rural community: a randomized controlled trial.
Abstract 2:
In this r and omized controlled trial , we examined the effects of a 3-month therapeutic lifestyle modification ( TLM ) intervention on knowledge , self-efficacy , and health behaviors related to bone health in postmenopausal women in rural Korea . Forty-one women ages 45 or older were r and omly assigned to either the intervention ( n = 21 ) or control ( n = 20 ) group . The intervention group completed a 12-week , 24-session TLM program of individualized health monitoring , group health education , exercise , and calcium-vitamin D supplementation . Compared with the control group , the intervention group showed significant increases in knowledge and self-efficacy and improvement in diet and exercise after 12 weeks , providing evidence that a comprehensive TLM program can be effective in improving health behaviors to maintain bone health in women at high risk of osteoporosis
RESULTS Exercise training increased BMD of LS , FN , WT , and Tro .
According to the type of exercise training , combined exercise training ( aerobic + resistance ) showed improvements in BMD of LS , FN , WT , and Tro .
However , aerobic exercise training alone and resistance exercise training alone showed inconsistent results .
CONCLUSION Exercise training can improve the BMD of LS , FN , WT , and Tro in Korean postmenopausal women .
The type of exercise training may be a crucial factor for maintaining or improving bone health of this population