You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["HealthCareActivity", "InjuryOrPoisoning", "BodySubstance", "IntellectualProduct", "AnatomicalStructure", "SpatialConcept", "Chemical", "Bacterium", "MedicalDevice", "Organization", "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline", "Finding", "BiologicFunction", "Virus", "ResearchActivity", "ClinicalAttribute", "PopulationGroup", "Eukaryote", "BodySystem", "Food", "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup"].

Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Virus": ["HIV", ...], "Bacterium": ["MRSA", ...], "AnatomicalStructure": ["Lung", ...], "BodySystem": ["CNS", ...], "BodySubstance": ["Serum", ...], "Finding": ["Headache", ...], "InjuryOrPoisoning": ["Fracture", ...], "BiologicFunction": ["Death", ...], "HealthCareActivity": ["Biopsy", ...], "ResearchActivity": ["Clinical trial", ...], "MedicalDevice": ["Lenses", ...], "SpatialConcept": ["Camps", ...], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": ["Forensic medicine", ...], "Organization": ["WHO", ...], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": ["Provider", ...], "PopulationGroup": ["Swimmers", ...], "Chemical": ["Gold", ...], "Food": ["Rice", ...], "IntellectualProduct": ["RPAM", ...], "ClinicalAttribute": ["Biomarker", ...], "Eukaryote": ["Dogs", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].

Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.

Abstract:

Simultaneously Targeting Myofibroblast Contractility and Extracellular Matrix Cross-Linking as a Therapeutic Concept in Airway Fibrosis Fibrosis after solid organ transplantation is considered an irreversible process and remains the major cause of graft dysfunction and death with limited therapies. This remodeling is characterized by aberrant accumulation of contractile myofibroblasts that deposit excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) and increase tissue stiffness. Studies demonstrate, however, that a stiff ECM itself promotes fibroblast -to- myofibroblast differentiation, stimulating further ECM production. This creates a positive feedback loop that perpetuates fibrosis. We hypothesized that simultaneously targeting myofibroblast contractility with relaxin and ECM stiffness with lysyl oxidase inhibitors could break the feedback loop, reversing established fibrosis. To test this, we used the orthotopic tracheal transplantation (OTT) mouse model, which develops robust fibrotic airway remodeling. Mice with established fibrosis were treated with saline, mono-, or combination therapies. Although monotherapies had no effect, combining these agents decreased collagen deposition and promoted re-epithelialization of remodeled airways. Relaxin inhibited myofibroblast differentiation and contraction in a matrix - stiffness - dependent manner through prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Furthermore, the effect of combination therapy was lost in PGE2 receptor knockout and PGE2 - inhibited OTT mice. This study revealed the important synergistic roles of cellular contractility and tissue stiffness in the maintenance of fibrotic tissue and suggests a new therapeutic principle for fibrosis.
{"AnatomicalStructure": ["fibroblast", "Airway", "contractile myofibroblasts", "matrix", "extracellular matrix", "tissue", "ECM", "myofibroblast", "airway", "Extracellular Matrix"], "Bacterium": [], "BiologicFunction": ["death", "contraction", "Myofibroblast Contractility", "re-epithelialization", "Fibrosis", "feedback loop", "differentiation", "graft dysfunction", "mouse model", "cellular contractility", "myofibroblast contractility", "fibrosis"], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": [], "BodySubstance": [], "BodySystem": [], "Chemical": ["inhibitors", "Relaxin", "collagen", "PGE2", "relaxin", "lysyl oxidase", "prostaglandin E2", "PGE2 receptor", "combining these agents"], "ClinicalAttribute": [], "Eukaryote": ["knockout", "Mice", "mice"], "Finding": ["stiff", "accumulation", "remodeled airways", "stiffness"], "Food": [], "HealthCareActivity": ["therapies", "solid organ transplantation", "combination therapies", "OTT", "orthotopic tracheal transplantation", "combination therapy", "mono-", "monotherapies"], "InjuryOrPoisoning": [], "IntellectualProduct": [], "MedicalDevice": [], "Organization": [], "PopulationGroup": [], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": [], "ResearchActivity": ["study", "Studies"], "SpatialConcept": [], "Virus": []}