You will be presented with a collection of medical randomized controlled trial (RCT) reports addressing a shared clinical question -- for instance, the efficacy of a medical intervention on a disease or condition. Given the titles and abstracts of these reports, your task is to generate the conclusion of the systematic review article synthesizing the key findings. Your conclusion should be a few sentences long. In your response, include only the conclusion and no other text. The RCT reports are below.



Title 1:
Salivary Biomarkers for Detection of Systemic Diseases
Abstract 1:
Background and Objective Analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva could offer an attractive opportunity for the diagnosis of different systemic conditions specifically in epidemiological surveys . The aim of this study was to investigate if certain salivary biomarkers could be used for detection of common systemic diseases . Material s and Methods A r and omly selected sample of 1000 adults living in Skåne , a county in the southern part of Sweden , was invited to participate in a clinical study of oral health . 451 individuals were enrolled in this investigation , 51 % women . All participants were asked to fill out a question naire , history was taken , a clinical examination was made and stimulated saliva sample s were collected . Salivary concentrations of IL-1β , -6 , -8 , TNF-α , lysozyme , MMP-8 and TIMP-1 were determined using ELISA , IFMA or Luminex assays . Results Salivary IL-8 concentration was found to be twice as high in subjects who had experience of tumour diseases . In addition , IL-8 levels were also elevated in patients with bowel disease . MMP-8 levels were elevated in saliva from patients after cardiac surgery or suffering from diabetes , and muscle and joint diseases . The levels of IL-1β , IL-8 and MMP-8 , as well as the MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio were higher in subjects with muscle and joint diseases . Conclusion Biomarkers in saliva have the potential to be used for screening purpose s in epidemiological studies . The relatively unspecific inflammatory markers used in this study can not be used for diagnosis of specific diseases but can be seen as markers for increased systemic inflammation


Title 2:
Type 2 diabetes and oral health: a comparison between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
Abstract 2:
A controlled cross-sectional study with the aim of study ing oral health in patients with type 2 diabetes was carried out in a health care district in Sweden . The study included 102 r and omly sample d diabetic patients and 102 age- and gender-matched non-diabetic subjects from the same geographical area , treated at the same Public Dental Service clinics . Oral conditions were measured at clinical and X-ray examinations . Diabetes-related variables were extracted from medical records . Diabetic patients suffered from xerostomia ( dry mouth ) to a significantly higher degree than non-diabetic controls did ( 53.5 vs. 28.4 % ; P=0.0003 ) . Sites with advanced periodontitis were more frequent in the diabetic group ( P=0.006 ) as were initial caries lesions ( P=0.02 ) . Diabetic subjects showed a greater need of periodontal treatment ( P=0.05 ) , caries prevention ( P=0.002 ) and prosthetic corrections ( P=0.004 ) . Diabetes duration or metabolic control of the disease was not related to periodontal status . However , patients with longer duration of diabetes had more manifest caries lesions ( P=0.05 ) as had those on insulin treatment when compared with patients on oral/diet or combined treatment ( P=0.0001 ) . The conclusion is that individuals with type 2 diabetes in some oral conditions exhibited poorer health . Close collaboration between the patient , the primary health care and oral health professionals could be a way of improving the diabetic patient 's general and oral health


Title 3:
Salivary alpha-amylase as a measure of endogenous adrenergic activity.
Abstract 3:
This investigation was design ed to evaluate the production rates and concentrations of salivary alpha-amylase as a measure of adrenergic activity under several conditions of stress in human subjects .  Saliva and blood sample s were simultaneously collected from men at four 15 min intervals both before and after regimens for exercise , a written examination , or a rest period . The regressions of salivary alpha-amylase on plasma norepinephrine ( NE ) concentrations were significant for both exercise ( P < 0.001 ) and examination ( P < 0.01 ) protocol s. Aerobic exercise induced a 3-fold mean increase in alpha-amylase ; both NE and epinephrine ( EP ) increased approximately 5-fold over control levels . Levels of alpha-amylase and NE returned to control levels within 30 - 45 min after exercise , but EP remained elevated by approximately 2-fold during the remaining hour of observation . During the written examination , alpha-amylase and NE , but not EP , concentrations increased in parallel . In further studies the effects of exercise and exposure to heat and cold on the relationship of salivary alpha-amylase to heart rate and body temperature were investigated . Greater intensities of exercise were associated with greater increases in alpha-amylase concentrations . During heat exposure in a sauna ( 66 degrees C for 40 min ) amylase , heart rate and body temperature all increased progressively . However , during exposure to cold ( 4 degrees C for 40 min ) amylase increased rapidly , though heart rate and body temperature remained unchanged . Salivary cortisol concentrations were unchanged during exposure to heat or cold . We conclude that salivary alpha-amylase concentrations are predictive of plasma catecholamine levels , particularly NE , under a variety of stressful conditions , and may be a more direct and simple end point of catecholamine activity than are changes in heart rate
Conclusions Findings suggest that salivary glucose concentrations may be helpful in monitoring glycaemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus .