You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["Chemical"].

Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Chemical": ["Arsenic", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].

Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.

Abstract:

The Glucuronidation of R- and S- Lorazepam: Human Liver Microsomal Kinetics, UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Enzyme Selectivity, and Inhibition by Drugs. The widely used hypnosedative-anxiolytic agent R,S-lorazepam is cleared predominantly by conjugation with glucuronic acid in humans, but the enantioselective glucuronidation of lorazepam has received little attention. The present study characterized the kinetics of the separate R- and S- enantiomers of lorazepam by human liver microsomes (HLM) and by a panel of recombinant human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes. Respective mean Km and Vmax values for R- and S- lorazepam by HLM were 29 ± 8.9 and 36 ± 10 μM, and 7.4 ± 1.9 and 10 ± 3.8 pmol/min.mg. Microsomal intrinsic clearances were not significantly different, suggesting the in vivo clearances of R- and S- lorazepam are likely to be similar. Both R- and S- lorazepam were glucuronidated by UGT 2B4, 2B7, and 2B15, while R-lorazepam was additionally metabolized by the extra-hepatic enzymes UGT 1A7 and 1A10. Based on in vitro clearances and consideration of available in vivo and in vitro data, UGT2B15 is likely to play an important role in the glucuronidation of R- and S-lorazepam. However, the possible contribution of other enzymes and the low activities observed in vitro indicate that the lorazepam enantiomers are of limited use as substrate probes for UGT2B15. In order to identify potential drug-drug interactions, codeine, fluconazole, ketamine, ketoconazole, methadone, morphine, valproic acid, and zidovudine were screened as inhibitors of R- and S- lorazepam glucuronidation by HLM. Of these drugs, in vitro - in vivo extrapolation suggested that only ketoconazole had the potential to inhibit lorazepam clearance to a clinically significant extent.
{"Chemical": ["lorazepam", "R-lorazepam", "ketamine", "R- and S- lorazepam", "valproic acid", "fluconazole", "R,S-lorazepam", "ketoconazole", "methadone", "R- and S-lorazepam", "UDP", "glucuronic acid", "codeine", "morphine", "zidovudine", "R- and S- Lorazepam"]}