You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["Chemical"].

Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Chemical": ["Arsenic", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].

Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.

Abstract:

Role of central metabolism in the osmoadaptation of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens. Bacterial osmoadaptation involves the cytoplasmic accumulation of compatible solutes in order to counteract extracellular osmolarity. The halophilic and highly halotolerant bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens is able to grow up to 3 M NaCl in a minimal medium due to the de novo synthesis of ectoines. This is an osmoregulated pathway that burdens central metabolic routes by quantitatively drawing off TCA cycle intermediaries. Consequently, metabolism in C. salexigens has adapted to support this biosynthetic route. Metabolism of C. salexigens is more efficient at high salinity than at low salinity, as reflected by lower glucose consumption, lower metabolite overflow and higher biomass yield. At low salinity, by-products (mainly gluconate, pyruvate and acetate) accumulate extracellularly. Using [1-13C]-, [2-13C]-, [6-13C]- and [U-13C6]-glucose as carbon sources, we were able to determine the main central metabolic pathways involved in ectoines biosynthesis from glucose. C. salexigens uses the Entner-Doudoroff pathway rather than the standard glycolytic pathway for glucose catabolism, and anaplerotic activity is high to replenish the TCA cycle with the intermediaries withdrawn for ectoines biosynthesis. Metabolic flux ratios at low and high salinity were similar, revealing a certain metabolic rigidity, probably due to its specialization to support high biosynthetic fluxes and partially explaining why metabolic yields are so highly affected by salinity. This work represents an im-portant contribution to the elucidation of specific metabolic adaptations in compatible solute accumulating halophilic bacteria.
{"Chemical": ["glucose", "[1-13C]-, [2-13C]-, [6-13C]- and [U-13C6]-glucose", "ectoines", "gluconate", "carbon", "TCA", "acetate", "pyruvate", "NaCl"]}