You will be shown the abstract of a medical clinical trial report. Your task is to extract all the findings from this report into a JSON array. Each finding should contain the following five elements:

- Intervention: The medical intervention being tested. This should be a text span copied from the input passage.
- Comparator: The baseline against which the intervention is being evaluated. This should be a text span copied from the input passage. If no comparator is reported, set to `null`.
- Outcome: The medical outcome whose effect is being measured. This should be a text span copied from the input passage.
- Effect: The effect of the intervention on the outcome, relative to the comparator. The effect should be one of the following three values: ("significantly increased", "significantly decreased", "no significant difference").
- Evidence: The evidence for the effect. This should be a text span copied from the input passage.

Please format your output as a JSON array. Each entry in the output should be an array containing the 5 elements listed above, in the following order: [<intervention>, <comparator>, <outcome>, <effect>, <evidence>].

For example, an output with two findings might read:
```
[["aspirin", "placebo", "headache severity", "significantly decreased", "Mean headache severity was significantly decreased in the aspirin group compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05)."], ["aspirin", "placebo", "weight loss", "no significant difference", "We did not observe any difference in weight loss between the group given aspirin relative to the control group"]]
```

There are 5 finding(s) in the abstract below. Please extract them. Output only the JSON array with these 5 findings. Do not include any additional text.

Abstract:
ABSTRACT.BACKGROUND: Cold contact urticaria (CCU) is characterized by itchy wheal and flare responses due to the release of histamine and other pro-inflammatory mediators after exposure to cold. The treatment of choice is nonsedating antihistamines, dosages of which may be increased up to fourfold if standard doses are ineffective. Here, we assess the effects of a standard 20 mg dose and up-dosing to 40 and 80 mg of bilastine in reducing the symptoms of CCU and inflammatory mediator release following cold challenge.

ABSTRACT.METHODS: Twenty patients with CCU were included in this randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week study. They received placebo, 20, 40 or 80 mg of bilastine daily each for 7 days with 14-day washout periods. The primary readout was change in critical temperature thresholds (CTT). Secondary readouts were changes in pruritus, levels of histamine IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α collected by skin microdialysis and safety and tolerability of bilastine.

ABSTRACT.RESULTS: Bilastine 20 mg was highly effective (P < 0.0001) in reducing CTT. Up-dosing to 80 mg significantly (P < 0.04) increased its effectiveness. At this dose, 19 of 20 (95%) patients responded to treatment, with 12 of 20 (60%) becoming symptom free. Only one patient was refractory to treatment. Microdialysis levels of histamine, IL-6 and IL-8 assessed 1–3 h after cold challenge were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased following up-dosing with 80 mg bilastine. Bilastine treat-ment was well tolerated without evidence of increased sedation with dose escala-tion.

ABSTRACT.CONCLUSIONS: Bilastine was effective in reducing the symptoms of patients with CCU. Increased efficacy of bilastine with fourfold up-dosing was without sedation and supports urticaria treatment guidelines.

Findings:
[["Bilastine 20 mg", "placebo", "Cold contact urticaria (CCU) change in critical temperature thresholds (CTT)", "significantly increased", "Bilastine 20 mg was highly effective (P \u003c 0.0001) in reducing CTT."], ["Bilastine updosing to 80 mg", "placebo", "Cold contact urticaria (CCU) change in critical temperature thresholds (CTT)", "significantly increased", "Bilastine 20 mg was highly effective (P \u003c 0.0001) in reducing CTT. Up-dosing to 80 mg significantly (P \u003c 0.04) increased its effectiveness."], ["Bilastine updosing to 80 mg", "placebo", "histamine assessed 1\u20133 h after cold challenge ", "significantly decreased", "Microdialysis levels of histamine, IL-6 and IL-8 assessed 1\u20133 h after cold challenge were significantly (P \u003c 0.05) decreased following up-dosing with 80 mg bilastine."], ["Bilastine updosing to 80 mg", "placebo", "IL-8 assessed 1\u20133 h after cold challenge ", "significantly decreased", "Microdialysis levels of histamine, IL-6 and IL-8 assessed 1\u20133 h after cold challenge were significantly (P \u003c 0.05) decreased following up-dosing with 80 mg bilastine."], ["Bilastine updosing to 80 mg", "placebo", "IL-6 assessed 1\u20133 h after cold challenge ", "significantly decreased", "Microdialysis levels of histamine, IL-6 and IL-8 assessed 1\u20133 h after cold challenge were significantly (P \u003c 0.05) decreased following up-dosing with 80 mg bilastine."]]