You are presented with a paragraph from a COVID-19 literature. Classify the topics of this piece of text by choosing from the following categories:

- Epidemic Forecasting: The content relates to predictions about the spread of COVID-19.
- Treatment: The paragraph discusses therapeutic methods or medication for COVID-19.
- Prevention: The content covers measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
- Mechanism: The paragraph explains the biological mechanisms of the virus.
- Case Report: The content is a report of a COVID-19 case.
- Transmission: The paragraph discusses how COVID-19 is transmitted.
- Diagnosis: The content is about diagnosing COVID-19 in individuals.

Your classification should be provided as an element within a JSON array. The array should be formatted with topics enclosed in double quotes and separated by commas, following the JSON format, for example: ["Topic1", "Topic2", ...]. Include all applicable topics within the array. Your output should be a valid JSON array, and no additional text should be included in your response.

Article:

BACKGROUND: Twitter is a real time messaging platform widely used by people and organisations to share information on many topics. It could potentially be useful to analyse tweets for infectious disease monitoring purposes in order to reduce reporting lag time, and to provide an independent complementary source of data, compared to traditional approaches. However, such analysis is currently not possible in the Arabic speaking world due to lack of basic building blocks for research and dialectal variation.. OBJECTIVE: We collect around 4,000 Arabic tweets related to COVID-19 and Influenza. We clean and label the tweets relative to the Arabic Infectious Diseases Ontology which includes non-standard terminology and 11 core concepts and 21 relations. The aim of this study is to analyse Arabic tweets to estimate their usefulness for health surveillance, understand the impact of the informal terms in the analysis, show the effect of the deep learning methods in the classification process, and identify the locations where the infection is spreading.. METHODS: We apply multi-label classification techniques: Binary Relevance, Classifier Chains, Label Powerset, Adapted Algorithm (MLKNN), NBSVM, BERT, and AraBERT to identify tweets appearing to be from infected individuals. We also use Named Entity Recognition to predict the place names mentioned in tweets. . RESULTS: We achieve an F1-score up to 88% in the Influenza case study and 94% in the COVID-19 one. Adapting for non-standard terminology and informal language helps to improve accuracy by as much as 15% with an average improvement of 8%. Deep learning methods achieve up to 94% on F1-score during the classifying process. Our geo-location detection algorithm can predict on average 54% accuracy for the location of the users using tweet content.. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies two Arabic social media datasets for monitoring tweets related to Influenza and COVID-19. It demonstrates the importance of including informal terms, which is regularly used by social media users, in the analysis. It also proves that BERT achieves good results when used with new terms in COVID-19 tweets. Finally, the tweet content may contain useful information to determine the location of the disease spread.. CLINICALTRIAL:
["Prevention"]