You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["Chemical"].

Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Chemical": ["Arsenic", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].

Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.

Abstract:

The microsomal enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 faces the cytoplasm and uses NADPH generated by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Recent studies proposed a functional coupling between 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (17β-HSD3)-dependent testosterone formation and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1)-mediated interconversion of glucocorticoids through competition for the luminal pyridine nucleotide pool. To test this hypothesis, we used human embryonic kidney-293 cells transfected with 17β-HSD3 and/or 11β-HSD1, in the absence or presence of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase that generates reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in the endoplasmic reticulum and determined enzyme activities. As an endogenous cell model, mouse MA-10 Leydig cells were used. 17β-HSD3-dependent reduction of Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione was affected by neither coexpression with 11β-HSD1 nor overexpression or knockdown of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In contrast, knockdown of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased 17β-HSD3 activity, indicating dependence on cytoplasmic NADPH. Upon selective permeabilization of the plasma membrane by digitonin, 17β-HSD3 but not 11β-HSD1 was detected by antibodies against C-terminal epitope tags, suggesting a cytoplasmic orientation of 17β-HSD3. The cytoplasmic orientation was confirmed using proteinase K digestion of microsomal preparations and by analysis of glycosylation of wild-type 17β-HSD3 and chimera in which the N-terminal anchor sequences between 17β-HSD3 and 11β-HSD1 were exchanged. In conclusion, the results demonstrate a cytoplasmic orientation of 17β-HSD3 and dependence on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-generated NADPH, explaining the lack of a direct functional coupling with the luminal 11β-HSD1-mediated glucocorticoid metabolism.
{"Chemical": ["NADPH", "hexose-6-phosphate", "pyridine nucleotide", "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate", "17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid", "\u03944-androstene-3,17-dione", "N", "glucose-6-phosphate", "digitonin", "11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid", "C"]}