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hot springs have been of utmost importance because of the unique thermophilic properties of the organisms thriving in these niches , the description of an increasing figure of new thermophilic species and thermophilic biocatalysts they produce .
thermal stability of enzymes like protease , lipase , amylase , cellulase , phosphatase , asperginase , esters , carboxylase etc . from thermophiles is gaining importance because of a number of commercial applications .
studies in the last two decades have revealed that less than 1% of these organisms of a community are possibly cultured in vitro with known cultivation techniques , but 99% still remain unexplored . according to the geological survey report , in odisha ( east india ) , eight thermal hot springs have been located in different districts viz . ; atri and badaberena of khurda ; taptapani of ganjam ; tarobalo of nayagarh ; deulijhari and magarmuhan of anugul ; bankhol of cuttack ; and boden of nuapada .
recently , sen and maiti   reported the bacterial diversity of atri , taptapani and tarobalo hot springs by conventional culture dependent approach .
however , the majority of the bacterial isolates were affiliated with the single genus bacillus that further emphasized the need of more in - depth analysis to understand the total bacterial diversity of these hot springs . to our knowledge
, this study describes the first effort to explore the bacterial diversity of atri and taptapani hot springs using the illumina platform .
sediment samples were collected from two different sulfur hot springs of odisha : atri ( latitude : 201332.784n , longitude : 852958.485e ) , and taptapani ( latitude : 193016.8n , longitude : 84244.6e ) .
metagenomic dna of sediment samples ( 5  g ) were extracted as described by kumar and khanna ( 2014 ) .
the v3 region of the 16s rrna was amplified using primers 341f , 5-cctacgggaggcagcag-3 and 518r , 5-attaccgcggctgctgg-3 with 50  ng of metagenomic dna .
the amplified pcr product was purified by gel elution using minelute columns ( qiagen , india ) and subjected to 150 nucleotide paired - end multiplex sequencing using illumina gaiix sequencer at genotypic technology pvt .
the output data comprised 186,292 and 333,276 high quality reads for atri and taptapani samples respectively were used for analysis .
these stringent measures removed nearly 65% ( atri ) and 51% ( taptapani ) of the initial reads . at 80% confidence threshold in the rdp classifier
, the 16s rrna gene sequencing reads of atri and taptapani samples were classified into 50 and 51 bacterial phyla . in the atri sample
, most sequences were affiliated predominantly with chloroflexi ( 52.39% ) , nitrospirae ( 10.93% ) , proteobacteria ( 9.98% ) , [ thermi ] ( 6.84% ) , actinobacteria ( 5.19% ) , acidobacteria ( 3.84% ) , armatimonadetes ( 3.09% ) and firmicutes ( 2.09% ) that together accounted for ~  95% of all sequence reads ( fig .
1 ) . on the other hand , proteobacteria dominated the taptapani sample ( 45.17% ) followed by bacteriodetes ( 23.43% ) and cyanobacteria ( 10.48% ) ( fig .
2 ) . the other dominant phyla in taptapani sample were chloroflexi ( 7.16% ) , firmicutes ( 2.76% ) and actinobacteria ( 2.44% ) ( fig .
a large proportion of phylotypes obtained in this study was not assigned to known taxonomic groups and so these data contribute significantly to the known diversity of hot spring environmental phylotypes .
consequently , our results indicate that both hot springs ( atri and taptapani ) harbor complex and distinct bacterial community which were not reported before .
16s rrna deep sequencing analysis , targeting v3 region was performed using illumina bar coded sequencing . 
 sediment samples from two hot springs ( atri and taptapani ) were collected . 
 atri and taptapani metagenomes were classified into 50 and 51 bacterial phyla . 
 proteobacteria ( 45.17% ) dominated the taptapani sample metagenome followed by bacteriodetes ( 23.43% ) and cyanobacteria ( 10.48% ) while in the atri sample , chloroflexi ( 52.39% ) , nitrospirae ( 10.93% ) and proteobacteria ( 9.98% ) dominated . 
 a large number of sequences remained taxonomically unresolved in both hot springs , indicating the presence of potentially novel microbes in these two unique habitats thus unraveling the importance of the current study . 
 metagenome sequence information is now available at ncbi , sra database accession no 
 . srp057428 .