You are provided with the abstract of a scientific paper and the abstracts of the papers it references. Your task is to write a Related Work section for the main paper. This section should concisely summarize and integrate the key points from the cited abstracts, reflecting how they relate to the main paper's contributions and context. In your summary, use numerical citation markers like [1], [2], etc., to refer to the corresponding papers.

Main Abstract:
Resource Description Framework (RDF) has been widely used to represent information on the web, while SPARQL is a standard query language to manipulate RDF data. Given a SPARQL query, there often exist many joins which are the bottlenecks of efficiency of query processing. Besides, the real RDF datasets often reveal strong data sparsity, which indicates that a resource often only relates to a few resources even the number of total resources is large. In this paper, we propose a sparse matrix-based (SM-based) SPARQL query processing approach over RDF datasets which con- siders both join optimization and data sparsity. Firstly, we present a SM-based storage for RDF datasets to lift the storage efficiency, where valid edges are stored only, and then introduce a predicate- based hash index on the storage. Secondly, we develop a scalable SM-based join algorithm for SPARQL query processing. Finally, we analyze the overall cost by accumulating all intermediate results and design a query plan generated algorithm. Besides, we extend our SM-based join algorithm on GPU for parallelizing SPARQL query processing. We have evaluated our approach compared with the state-of-the-art RDF engines over benchmark RDF datasets and the experimental results show that our proposal can significantly improve SPARQL query processing with high scalability.

Cited Abstract(s):
[1]: 

[2]: 

[3]: Prior work has shown dramatic acceleration for various database operations on GPUs, but only using primitives that are not part of conventional database languages such as SQL. This paper implements a subset of the SQLite command processor directly on the GPU. This dramatically reduces the effort required to achieve GPU acceleration by avoiding the need for database programmers to use new programming languages such as CUDA or modify their programs to use non-SQL libraries. This paper focuses on accelerating SELECT queries and describes the considerations in an efficient GPU implementation of the SQLite command processor. Results on an NVIDIA Tesla C1060 achieve speedups of 20-70X depending on the size of the result set.

[4]: Resource Description Framework (RDF) is the commonly used format for Semantic Web data. Nowadays, huge amounts of data on the Internet in the RDF format are used by search engines for providing answers to the queries of users. Querying through big data needs suitable searching methods supported by a very high processing power, because the traditional, sequential keyword matching on a semantic web server may take a prohibitively long time. In this paper, we aim at accelerating the search in big RDF data by exploiting modern many-core architectures based on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). We develop several implementations of the RDF search for many-core architectures using two programming approaches: OpenMP for systems with CPUs and CUDA for systems comprising CPUs and GPUs. Experiments show that our approach is 20.5 times faster than the sequential search.

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[6]: Parallel approach is nowadays a very cheap solution to increase computational power due to possibility of usage of multithreaded computational units. This hardware became typical part of nowadays personal computers or notebooks and is widely spread. This contribution deals with experiments how evaluation of computational complex algorithm of the inference over RDF data can be parallelized over graphical cards to decrease computational time.Parallel approach is nowadays a very cheap solution to increase computational power due to possibility of usage of multithreaded computational units. This hardware became typical part of nowadays personal computers or notebooks and is widely spread. This contribution deals with experiments how evaluation of computational complex algorithm of the inference over RDF data can be parallelized over graphical cards to decrease computational time.
We now briefly survey the techniques that use GPUs to improve the performance of database operations. Current database researches identify the computational power of GPUs as a way to increase the performance of database systems. Since GPU algorithms are not necessarily faster than their CPU counterparts, it is important to use the GPU only if it is beneficial for query processing. S. [1] [5] extend CPU GPU scheduling framework to support hybrid query processing in database systems. [3] focuses on accelerating SELECT queries and describes the considerations in an efficient GPU implementation. [4] accelerates the search in big RDF data by exploiting modern multi-core architectures based on GPU. [2] , a new efficient and scalable index is proposed. These data structures have an edge over others in terms of their implementation as a parallel algorithm using the CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) framework. [6] shows that usage of graphic card for intensive calculations over large knowledge bases in RDF format can be another way to decrease computational time.