You are presented with multiple paper abstracts, alongside the associated literature review and chapter titles. Given the provided information, you are going to do a literature review. Please generate a coherent literature review that synthesizes the content, draws connections between different works, highlights major findings, and identifies any gaps in the existing research.

Literature Review Title: A systematic literature review on activity recognition with context-awareness techniques for mitigation of disasters 
Chapter Title:  Discussions of results 
1. Abstract of Cited Paper (BIB001):  This paper deals with a clustering approach for VANETs operating in sparse highway scenarios. The proposed protocol is able to keep high and stable the network connectivity level to allow data exchange among nodes and, thus, achieving context awareness. The criterion adopted in forming a cluster involves the periodic distributed evaluation of connectivity indicators combining the number of neighbors and their distances, without excessive signaling overhead. In this way, data propagation leverages on vehicles physical movements instead of setting up a communications backbone, which can not properly face a high mobility level. The performance has been analyzed in a practical scenario adopting IEEE 802.11p communications standard. In particular, the election period has been optimized for different coverage ranges, pointing out the suitability of the proposed metrics. 
2. Abstract of Cited Paper (BIB002):  A new paradigm for ubiquitous healthcare characterized by pervasive continuous vital sign data collection, real-time processing of monitored data to derive meaningful physiological parameters, and context-aware data- and patient-centric decision making, is central to deliver personalized healthcare solutions to the elderly and the physically challenged. However, this new paradigm requires real-time processing of wirelessly collected vital signs using inherently complex physiological models and analysis of the processed information under context (e.g., location, ambient conditions, current physical activity) to extract knowledge about the health condition of patients. As the computational capabilities of biomedical sensor nodes are insufficient to run these models, this article presents an innovative resource provisioning framework that organizes and harnesses the computing capabilities of under-utilized electronic devices in the vicinity (e.g., laptops, tablets, PDAs, DVRs, medical terminals) in home and hospital settings. Novel wireless communication solutions for reliable vital sign transmission and algorithms for acquiring context awareness to support this framework are also discussed. 
3. Abstract of Cited Paper (BIB003):  Ubiquity of internet-connected media- and sensor-equipped portable devices is enabling a new class of applications which exploit the power of crowds to perform sensing tasks in the real world. Such paradigm is referred as crowd-sensing, and lies at the intersection of crowd-sourcing and participatory sensing. This has a wide range of potential applications such as direct involvement of citizens into public decision making. In this work we present Matador, a framework to embed context-awareness in the presentation and execution of crowd-sensing tasks. This allows to present the right tasks, to the right users in the right circumstances, and to preserve normal device functioning. We present the design and prototype implementation of the platform, including an energy-efficient context sampling algorithm. We validate the proposed approach through a numerical study and a small pilot, and demonstrate the ability of the proposed system to efficiently deliver crowd-sensing tasks, while minimizing the consumption of mobile device resources.

Literature Review:
To address Q1, Figure 5 presents the number of research activities by country of the research based on the corresponding author's name within the periods of 12 years using the details in Figure 4 and primary studies presented in Table 3 . Details of published papers are showed in Figure 4 and countries of research activities by authors are presented in Figure 5 . Analysis in Table 6 addresses the RQ Q2, it revealed that 35 techniques were reported in this study from 1994 to 2017. The 35 techniques identified are shown in Table 6 alongside with their strengths, weaknesses and sources base on the SLR analysis. The outstanding research gaps from this study summarised in Figure 6 (b), where less attention was paid to metric contribution, architecture and model. Although, many researches have been done on the framework, but less numbers of research were found on DM. Further research initiative in a crowd monitoring using AR is still possible . BIB002 Crowd sensing Employed user context sampling function by using minimum sampling interval for costs It has a minimum coverage size which it cannot exceed BIB004 Data mining Employed data synthesis with a sequential pattern discovery and association rule mining to acquire the candidates' data It is prone to inaccuracy of data and possible misuse of information may occur BIB001 , BIB003