You will be shown the abstract of a medical clinical trial report. Your task is to extract all the findings from this report into a JSON array. Each finding should contain the following five elements:

- Intervention: The medical intervention being tested. This should be a text span copied from the input passage.
- Comparator: The baseline against which the intervention is being evaluated. This should be a text span copied from the input passage. If no comparator is reported, set to `null`.
- Outcome: The medical outcome whose effect is being measured. This should be a text span copied from the input passage.
- Effect: The effect of the intervention on the outcome, relative to the comparator. The effect should be one of the following three values: ("significantly increased", "significantly decreased", "no significant difference").
- Evidence: The evidence for the effect. This should be a text span copied from the input passage.

Please format your output as a JSON array. Each entry in the output should be an array containing the 5 elements listed above, in the following order: [<intervention>, <comparator>, <outcome>, <effect>, <evidence>].

For example, an output with two findings might read:
```
[["aspirin", "placebo", "headache severity", "significantly decreased", "Mean headache severity was significantly decreased in the aspirin group compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05)."], ["aspirin", "placebo", "weight loss", "no significant difference", "We did not observe any difference in weight loss between the group given aspirin relative to the control group"]]
```

There are 2 finding(s) in the abstract below. Please extract them. Output only the JSON array with these 2 findings. Do not include any additional text.

Abstract:
ABSTRACT.BACKGROUND:: Caudal analgesia is the most commonly used technique providing intra- and postoperative analgesia for various pediatric infraumbilical surgical procedures but with the disadvantage of short duration of action after single injection. Caudal dexamethasone and magnesium could offer significant analgesic benefits. We compared the analgesic effects and side-effects of dexamethasone or magnesium added to caudal ropivacaine in pediatric patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair.

ABSTRACT.MATERIALS AND METHODS:: A total of 105 (1-6 years) were randomly assigned into three groups in a double-blinded manner. After a standardized sevoflurane in oxygen anesthesia, each patient received a single caudal dose of ropivacaine 0.15% 1.5 mL/kg combined with either magnesium 50 mg in normal saline 1 mL (group RM), dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg in normal saline 1 mL (group RD), or corresponding volume of normal saline (group R) according to group assignment. Postoperative analgesia, use of analgesics, and side-effects were assessed during the first 24 h.

ABSTRACT.RESULTS:: Addition of magnesium or dexamethasone to caudal ropivacaine significantly prolonged analgesia duration 8 (5-11) h and 12 (8-16) h, respectively compared with 4 (3-5) h with the use of ropivacaine alone. The incidence of postoperative rescue analgesia was significantly higher in group R compared with groups RM and RD. The time to 1st analgesic dose was significantly longer in groups RM and RD (500 ± 190 and 730 ± 260 min) respectively compared with group R (260 ± 65 min). Group R patients achieved significantly higher Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale and Faces Legs Activity Cry Consolability scores (4th hourly) compared with groups RM and RD patients (8th and 12th hourly, respectively).

ABSTRACT.CONCLUSION:: The addition of dexamethasone or magnesium to caudal ropivacaine significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair. Also the time to 1st analgesic dose was longer and the need for rescue postoperative analgesic was reduced and without increase in incidence of side effects.

Findings:
[["magnesium 50 mg in normal saline 1 mL or dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg in normal saline 1 mL", "corresponding volume of normal saline ", "duration of postoperative analgesia ", "significantly increased", "Addition of magnesium or dexamethasone to caudal ropivacaine significantly prolonged analgesia duration 8 (5-11) h and 12 (8-16) h, respectively compared with 4 (3-5) h with the use of ropivacaine alone. The incidence of postoperative rescue analgesia was significantly higher in group R compared with groups RM and RD."], ["magnesium 50 mg in normal saline 1 mL or dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg in normal saline 1 mL", "corresponding volume of normal saline ", "The incidence of rescue pethidine in the PACU and rescue oral paracetamol in ward", "significantly decreased", "The incidence of postoperative rescue analgesia was significantly higher in group R compared with groups RM and RD."]]