You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["HealthCareActivity", "InjuryOrPoisoning", "BodySubstance", "IntellectualProduct", "AnatomicalStructure", "SpatialConcept", "Chemical", "Bacterium", "MedicalDevice", "Organization", "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline", "Finding", "BiologicFunction", "Virus", "ResearchActivity", "ClinicalAttribute", "PopulationGroup", "Eukaryote", "BodySystem", "Food", "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup"].

Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Virus": ["HIV", ...], "Bacterium": ["MRSA", ...], "AnatomicalStructure": ["Lung", ...], "BodySystem": ["CNS", ...], "BodySubstance": ["Serum", ...], "Finding": ["Headache", ...], "InjuryOrPoisoning": ["Fracture", ...], "BiologicFunction": ["Death", ...], "HealthCareActivity": ["Biopsy", ...], "ResearchActivity": ["Clinical trial", ...], "MedicalDevice": ["Lenses", ...], "SpatialConcept": ["Camps", ...], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": ["Forensic medicine", ...], "Organization": ["WHO", ...], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": ["Provider", ...], "PopulationGroup": ["Swimmers", ...], "Chemical": ["Gold", ...], "Food": ["Rice", ...], "IntellectualProduct": ["RPAM", ...], "ClinicalAttribute": ["Biomarker", ...], "Eukaryote": ["Dogs", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].

Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.

Abstract:

Effects of morphology and surface hydroxyl on the toxicity of BiOCl in human HaCaT cells Recently, bismuth oxychloride nanomaterials (BiOCls) are showing great promise in pollutant removal. Residues from these environmental remediations are potential hazardous materials. Unfortunately, human health risks of BiOCls are still unexplored widely. In the present study, we focused on the influence of physicochemical properties on the cytotoxicity of BiOCls toward a human skin derived cell line (HaCaT). Results showed that morphology and surface hydroxyl both had a profound effect on the toxicity of BiOCls. Microsphere-shaped BiOCl caused less toxicity than nanosheet-shaped BiOCl because of weaker particle-membrane interactions, while the presence of surface hydroxyl on microsphere-shaped BiOCl significantly raised the toxicity owing to the increased interaction with cell membrane. Both microsphere-shaped BiOCl with surface hydroxyl and nanosheet-shaped BiOCl caused significant cell membrane damage (PI uptake and LDH release), however, based on the different mechanism. The former may be a predominant "chemical" mechanism involved an oxidative stress paradigm, as manifested by elevated ROS and depleted GSH, while the latter is mainly due to a direct " physical " damage to cell membrane. Both " physical " and "chemical" response led to cell death. Furthermore, a set of experiments including MMP collapse, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis / necrosis were conducted to propose a scenario for toxicological aspects of BiOCls. Data presented here would help to enable the rational design of BiOCls for either reducing their unintended consequences or increasing their application potentials.
{"AnatomicalStructure": ["cell membrane", "cell line", "HaCaT", "HaCaT cells"], "Bacterium": [], "BiologicFunction": ["\"chemical\" mechanism", "cell cycle arrest", "mechanism", "necrosis", "apoptosis", "MMP", "cytotoxicity", "interaction", "physical", "\"chemical\" response", "weaker particle-membrane interactions", "cell death"], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": [], "BodySubstance": [], "BodySystem": ["skin"], "Chemical": ["Residues", "surface hydroxyl", "hazardous materials", "bismuth oxychloride", "GSH", "LDH", "PI", "BiOCl", "ROS", "BiOCls", "pollutant"], "ClinicalAttribute": [], "Eukaryote": ["human"], "Finding": [], "Food": [], "HealthCareActivity": ["health risks", "LDH release", "PI uptake"], "InjuryOrPoisoning": ["toxicity"], "IntellectualProduct": ["nanomaterials"], "MedicalDevice": [], "Organization": [], "PopulationGroup": [], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": [], "ResearchActivity": ["experiments", "study"], "SpatialConcept": ["microsphere-shaped", "nanosheet-shaped", "Microsphere-shaped"], "Virus": []}