You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["HealthCareActivity", "InjuryOrPoisoning", "BodySubstance", "IntellectualProduct", "AnatomicalStructure", "SpatialConcept", "Chemical", "Bacterium", "MedicalDevice", "Organization", "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline", "Finding", "BiologicFunction", "Virus", "ResearchActivity", "ClinicalAttribute", "PopulationGroup", "Eukaryote", "BodySystem", "Food", "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup"].

Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Virus": ["HIV", ...], "Bacterium": ["MRSA", ...], "AnatomicalStructure": ["Lung", ...], "BodySystem": ["CNS", ...], "BodySubstance": ["Serum", ...], "Finding": ["Headache", ...], "InjuryOrPoisoning": ["Fracture", ...], "BiologicFunction": ["Death", ...], "HealthCareActivity": ["Biopsy", ...], "ResearchActivity": ["Clinical trial", ...], "MedicalDevice": ["Lenses", ...], "SpatialConcept": ["Camps", ...], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": ["Forensic medicine", ...], "Organization": ["WHO", ...], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": ["Provider", ...], "PopulationGroup": ["Swimmers", ...], "Chemical": ["Gold", ...], "Food": ["Rice", ...], "IntellectualProduct": ["RPAM", ...], "ClinicalAttribute": ["Biomarker", ...], "Eukaryote": ["Dogs", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].

Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.

Abstract:

Chemosensitivity, Cardiovascular Risk, and the Ventilatory Response to Exercise in COPD COPD is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk and a potentiated ventilatory response to exercise. Enhanced carotid chemoreceptor (CC) activity / sensitivity is present in other clinical conditions, has been shown to contribute to sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow, and is predictive of mortality. CC activity / sensitivity, and the resulting functional significance, has not been well examined in COPD. We hypothesized that CC activity / sensitivity would be elevated in COPD, and related to increased pulse wave velocity (a marker of CV risk) and the ventilatory response to exercise. 30 COPD patients and 10 healthy age-matched controls were examined. Participants performed baseline cardiopulmonary exercise and pulmonary function testing. CC activity was later evaluated by the drop in ventilation with breathing 100% O2, and CC sensitivity was then assessed by the ventilatory response to hypoxia (ΔVE/ΔS pO2). Peripheral arterial stiffness was subsequently evaluated by measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV) using applanation tonometry while the subjects were breathing room air, and then following chemoreceptor inhibition by breathing 100% O2 for 2 minutes. CC activity, CC sensitivity, PWV and the ventilatory response to exercise were all increased in COPD relative to controls. CC sensitivity was related to PWV; however, neither CC activity nor CC sensitivity was related to the ventilatory response to exercise in COPD. CC inhibition by breathing 100% O2 normalized PWV in COPD, while no effect was observed in controls. CC activity and sensitivity are elevated in COPD, and appear related to cardiovascular risk; however, CC activity / sensitivity does not contribute to the potentiated ventilatory response to exercise.
{"AnatomicalStructure": ["chemoreceptor", "CC"], "Bacterium": [], "BiologicFunction": ["vasoconstrictor outflow", "breathing", "sensitivity", "arterial stiffness", "ventilation", "COPD", "activity"], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": [], "BodySubstance": [], "BodySystem": ["sympathetic"], "Chemical": ["O2"], "ClinicalAttribute": ["marker", "Ventilatory Response", "ventilatory response"], "Eukaryote": [], "Finding": ["mortality", "drop in", "Chemosensitivity", "examined"], "Food": [], "HealthCareActivity": ["pO2", "cardiopulmonary exercise", "evaluated", "pulmonary function testing", "ventilatory response to hypoxia", "applanation tonometry"], "InjuryOrPoisoning": [], "IntellectualProduct": [], "MedicalDevice": [], "Organization": [], "PopulationGroup": ["Participants"], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": [], "ResearchActivity": [], "SpatialConcept": ["Peripheral"], "Virus": []}