You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["HealthCareActivity", "InjuryOrPoisoning", "BodySubstance", "IntellectualProduct", "AnatomicalStructure", "SpatialConcept", "Chemical", "Bacterium", "MedicalDevice", "Organization", "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline", "Finding", "BiologicFunction", "Virus", "ResearchActivity", "ClinicalAttribute", "PopulationGroup", "Eukaryote", "BodySystem", "Food", "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup"].

Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Virus": ["HIV", ...], "Bacterium": ["MRSA", ...], "AnatomicalStructure": ["Lung", ...], "BodySystem": ["CNS", ...], "BodySubstance": ["Serum", ...], "Finding": ["Headache", ...], "InjuryOrPoisoning": ["Fracture", ...], "BiologicFunction": ["Death", ...], "HealthCareActivity": ["Biopsy", ...], "ResearchActivity": ["Clinical trial", ...], "MedicalDevice": ["Lenses", ...], "SpatialConcept": ["Camps", ...], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": ["Forensic medicine", ...], "Organization": ["WHO", ...], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": ["Provider", ...], "PopulationGroup": ["Swimmers", ...], "Chemical": ["Gold", ...], "Food": ["Rice", ...], "IntellectualProduct": ["RPAM", ...], "ClinicalAttribute": ["Biomarker", ...], "Eukaryote": ["Dogs", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].

Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.

Abstract:

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry -based quantitative proteomics analysis reveals chondroprotective effects of astragaloside IV in interleukin-1β - induced SW1353 chondrocyte-like cells Chondrocyte apoptosis played a key role on the progression of Osteoarthritis (OA). Safe and effective drugs are urgently needed for the treatment of OA. Previous study reported that Astragaloside IV (ASG-IV) had exerted a protective effect against articular cartilage degeneration by promoting rapid proliferation of chondrocyte. Therefore, the aim of our study is to explore the effects and mechanisms of ASG-IV in chondrocyte apoptosis. Isobaric Tags For Relative And Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics was used to quantitatively detect and map proteins in SW1353 chondrocyte-like cells pre-treated with ASG-IV or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or ASG-IV + IL-1β. The iTRAQ-labeled peptides were fractionated by high-accuracy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Cell apoptosis and differentially expressed proteins was detected by flow cytometry (FCM), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blotting, respectively. The apoptosis of the IL-1β - induced SW1353 cells treated with ASG-IV was greatly inhibited. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that gamma actin 1 (ACTG1) and Yes Associated Protein 1 (YAP1), participating in the Hippo signaling pathway and Vitronectin (VTN) and Collagen Type I Alpha 1 Chain (COL1A1), involving in the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction signaling pathway, were all significantly up-regulated in the IL-1β - induced SW1353 cells after treatment with ASG-IV. The qRT-PCR and Western blotting results confirmed the up-regulation of these four genes. ASG-IV played a positive role in human osteoarthritic chondrocyte apoptosis, possibly through modulation of the Hippo signaling pathway by up-regulating YAP1 and ACTG1 expression, and also by up-regulating VTN and COL1A1, which are involved in the ECM-receptor interaction pathway. Taken together, all the results suggested that ASG-IV had a novel therapeutic potential for the treatment of OA.
{"AnatomicalStructure": ["chondrocyte", "SW1353 chondrocyte-like cells", "Chondrocyte", "genes", "SW1353 cells"], "Bacterium": [], "BiologicFunction": ["apoptosis", "Osteoarthritis", "Cell apoptosis", "expression", "OA", "progression", "Hippo signaling pathway", "up-regulating", "up-regulation", "osteoarthritic chondrocyte apoptosis", "up-regulated"], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": ["proteomics", "Bioinformatics"], "BodySubstance": [], "BodySystem": [], "Chemical": ["VTN", "ASG-IV", "COL1A1", "iTRAQ-labeled peptides", "IL-1\u03b2", "Astragaloside IV", "gamma actin 1", "Yes Associated Protein 1", "ACTG1", "differentially expressed proteins", "Collagen Type I Alpha 1 Chain", "interleukin-1\u03b2", "Vitronectin", "proteins", "astragaloside IV", "YAP1"], "ClinicalAttribute": [], "Eukaryote": ["human"], "Finding": ["detected", "detect", "chondroprotective effects", "positive role"], "Food": [], "HealthCareActivity": ["Western blotting", "Isobaric Tags For Relative And Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics", "high-accuracy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry", "western blotting", "FCM", "LC-MS", "quantitative proteomics analysis", "drugs", "Bioinformatics analysis", "Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry", "flow cytometry"], "InjuryOrPoisoning": [], "IntellectualProduct": [], "MedicalDevice": [], "Organization": [], "PopulationGroup": [], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": [], "ResearchActivity": ["quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction", "qRT-PCR"], "SpatialConcept": [], "Virus": []}