You will be shown the abstract of a medical clinical trial report. Your task is to extract all the findings from this report into a JSON array. Each finding should contain the following five elements:

- Intervention: The medical intervention being tested. This should be a text span copied from the input passage.
- Comparator: The baseline against which the intervention is being evaluated. This should be a text span copied from the input passage. If no comparator is reported, set to `null`.
- Outcome: The medical outcome whose effect is being measured. This should be a text span copied from the input passage.
- Effect: The effect of the intervention on the outcome, relative to the comparator. The effect should be one of the following three values: ("significantly increased", "significantly decreased", "no significant difference").
- Evidence: The evidence for the effect. This should be a text span copied from the input passage.

Please format your output as a JSON array. Each entry in the output should be an array containing the 5 elements listed above, in the following order: [<intervention>, <comparator>, <outcome>, <effect>, <evidence>].

For example, an output with two findings might read:
```
[["aspirin", "placebo", "headache severity", "significantly decreased", "Mean headache severity was significantly decreased in the aspirin group compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05)."], ["aspirin", "placebo", "weight loss", "no significant difference", "We did not observe any difference in weight loss between the group given aspirin relative to the control group"]]
```

There are 4 finding(s) in the abstract below. Please extract them. Output only the JSON array with these 4 findings. Do not include any additional text.

Abstract:
ABSTRACT.OBJECTIVE: Macronutrient "preloads" can reduce postprandial glycemia by slowing gastric emptying and stimulating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. An ideal preload would entail minimal additional energy intake and might be optimized by concurrent inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). We evaluated the effects of a low-energy d-xylose preload, with or without sitagliptin, on gastric emptying, plasma intact GLP-1 concentrations, and postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.

ABSTRACT.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Twelve type 2 diabetic patients were studied on four occasions each. After 100 mg sitagliptin (S) or placebo (P) and an overnight fast, patients consumed a preload drink containing either 50 g d-xylose (X) or 80 mg sucralose (control [C]), followed after 40 min by a mashed potato meal labeled with 13C-octanoate. Blood was sampled at intervals. Gastric emptying was determined.

ABSTRACT.RESULTS: Both peak blood glucose and the amplitude of glycemic excursion were lower after PX and SC than PC (P < 0.01 for each) and were lowest after SX (P < 0.05 for each), while overall blood glucose was lower after SX than PC (P < 0.05). The postprandial insulin-to-glucose ratio was attenuated (P < 0.05) and gastric emptying was slower (P < 0.01) after d-xylose, without any effect of sitagliptin. Plasma GLP-1 concentrations were higher after d-xylose than control only before the meal (P < 0.05) but were sustained postprandially when combined with sitagliptin (P < 0.05).

ABSTRACT.CONCLUSIONS: In type 2 diabetes, acute administration of a d-xylose preload reduces postprandial glycemia and enhances the effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor.

Findings:
[["sitagliptin and d-xylose", "placebo and sucralose", "peak blood glucose", "significantly decreased", "Both peak blood glucose and the amplitude of glycemic excursion were lower after PX and SC than PC (P \u003c 0.01 for each) and were lowest after SX (P \u003c 0.05 for each), while overall blood glucose was lower after SX than PC (P \u003c 0.05)."], ["sitagliptin and d-xylose", "placebo and sucralose", "amplitude of glycemic excursion", "significantly decreased", "Both peak blood glucose and the amplitude of glycemic excursion were lower after PX and SC than PC (P \u003c 0.01 for each) and were lowest after SX (P \u003c 0.05 for each), while overall blood glucose was lower after SX than PC (P \u003c 0.05)."], ["d-xylose", "sucralose", "plasma GLP-1 before consuming the meal", "significantly increased", "Plasma GLP-1 concentrations were higher after d-xylose than control only before the meal (P \u003c 0.05) but were sustained postprandially when combined with sitagliptin (P \u003c 0.05)."], ["sitagliptin and d-xylose", "placebo and sucralose", "overall blood glucose", "significantly decreased", "Both peak blood glucose and the amplitude of glycemic excursion were lower after PX and SC than PC (P \u003c 0.01 for each) and were lowest after SX (P \u003c 0.05 for each), while overall blood glucose was lower after SX than PC (P \u003c 0.05)."]]