You are presented with multiple paper abstracts, alongside the associated literature review and chapter titles. Given the provided information, you are going to do a literature review. Please generate a coherent literature review that synthesizes the content, draws connections between different works, highlights major findings, and identifies any gaps in the existing research.

Literature Review Title: Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey 
Chapter Title:  A. INTEROPERABLE AND SCALABLE ARCHITECTURE 
1. Abstract of Cited Paper (BIB001):  The Internet of Things (IoT) is the result of many different enabling technologies such as embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, cloud computing, big-data, etc., which are used to gather, process, infer, and transmit data. Combining all these technologies requires a research effort to address all the challenges of these technologies, especially for sensing and delivering information from the physical world to cloud-hosted services. In this article we outline the most important issues related to standardization efforts, mobility of objects, networking and gateway access, and QoS support. In particular, we describe a novel IoT network architecture that integrates software defined networking (SDN) and data distribution service (DDS) middleware. The proposed architecture will improve service delivery of IoT systems and will bring flexibility to the network. 
2. Abstract of Cited Paper (BIB002):  Software defined networking (SDN) decouples the control plane from the data plane of forwarding devices. This separation provides several benefits, including the simplification of network management and control. However, due to a variety of reasons, such as budget constraints and fear of downtime, many organizations are reluctant to fully deploy SDN. Partially deploying SDN through the placement of a limited number of SDN devices among legacy (traditional) network devices, forms a so-called hybrid SDN network. While hybrid SDN networks provide many of the benefits of SDN and have a wide range of applications, they also pose several challenges. These challenges have recently been addressed in a growing body of literature on hybrid SDN network structures and protocols. This paper presents a comprehensive up-to-date survey of the research and development in the field of hybrid SDN networks. We have organized the survey into five main categories, namely hybrid SDN network deployment strategies, controllers for hybrid SDN networks, protocols for hybrid SDN network management, traffic engineering mechanisms for hybrid SDN networks, as well as testing, verification, and security mechanisms for hybrid SDN networks. We thoroughly survey the existing hybrid SDN network studies according to this taxonomy and identify gaps and limitations in the existing body of research. Based on the outcomes of the existing research studies as well as the identified gaps and limitations, we derive guidelines for future research on hybrid SDN networks. 
3. Abstract of Cited Paper (BIB003):  The development of the Internet of Thing (IoT) application has been very rapid in recent years. Research on IoT optimization continues to be done due to limited IoT resources. This research develops a river condition monitoring system for early warning using IoT with the Publish-Subscribe, communication model. Publisher as the sender of the river and Subscriber condition data as an application used to monitor river condition in the form of video data. The IoT Communication Model developed is the Adaptive Method. The use of the Adaptive method is due to continuous data changes and accepted by the user as monitoring data. An adaptive method is used to make efficient use of IoT resource due to big video data. Test results in this study indicate that the average efficiency of IoT resources is 34.7%. 
4. Abstract of Cited Paper (BIB004):  Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of smart devices which communicate with each other to accomplish task or provide any particular service. In IoT, smart objects have to provide services continuously by realizing requirement of a person without disturbing him. To accomplish this task, IoT devices need to share information with each other as soon as it updates. In such condition, request-response technique creates overhead on the system. So publish-subscribe technique is used to get an immediate response as soon as data changes. Service consumer or subscriber needs to send a request for particular service to the broker. The broker will maintain the list of the subscriber and will forward data to all subscribers as it updates. But this broker creates single point bottleneck in publish-subscribe communication. In this paper, distributed publish-subscribe techniques has been proposed which will distribute publishers and subscribers on the different brokers removing single point bottleneck. It will also distribute the load of brokers and improve the availability of service. For simulation purpose, we have used QualNet 5.1 simulation tool. Simulation is done by using parameters like number of total packets received by all nodes in simulation, end to end delay as number of nodes increases also number of total packets received by all nodes in simulation as number of transaction increases. 
5. Abstract of Cited Paper (BIB005):  The explosive rise of Internet of Things (IoT) systems have notably increased the potential attack surfaces for cybercriminals. Accounting for the features and constraints of IoT devices, traditional security countermeasures can be inefficient in dynamic IoT environments. In this vein, the advantages introduced by software defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) have the potential to reshape the landscape of cybersecurity for IoT systems. To this aim, we provide a comprehensive analysis of security features introduced by NFV and SDN, describing the manifold strategies able to monitor, protect, and react to IoT security threats. We also present lessons learned in the adoption of SDN/NFV-based protection approaches in IoT environments, comparing them with conventional security countermeasures. Finally, we deeply discuss the open challenges related to emerging SDN- and NFV-based security mechanisms, aiming to provide promising directives to conduct future research in this fervent area.

Literature Review:
M-IoT requires redefined efficient network architecture to offer scalability and interoperability for multiple multimedia heterogeneous devices while considering the spectrum scarcity and limited power resources. SDN based middleware is extensively studied with regard to software-defined IoT architectures BIB001 , BIB003 . SDNs addresses the hardware and reconfigurability limitations of IoT devices BIB006 . Publish/subscribe is a communication mechanism for distributed IoT systems BIB004 , BIB005 . In the publish/subscribe model, the user does not have to be in direct contact with the service provider. Software-defined publish/subscribe based agents for M-IoT architecture offers new opportunities to add scalability and interoperability in the network BIB002 . However, no dedicated work has been done to devise SDN based publish/subscribe M-IoT architecture. There is a need to explore SDNs in the context of standardizing M-IoT architecture.