Given an abstract from a research paper, your task is to identify and label relationships between chemical compounds and genes mentioned in the abstract.

The relationship type must be one of ['DOWNREGULATOR', 'SUBSTRATE', 'INDIRECT-REGULATOR', 'PART-OF', 'MODULATOR-ACTIVATOR', 'REGULATOR', 'INHIBITOR', 'COFACTOR', 'UPREGULATOR', 'ACTIVATOR', 'ANTAGONIST', 'NOT', 'INDIRECT-DOWNREGULATOR', 'SUBSTRATE_PRODUCT-OF', 'INDIRECT-UPREGULATOR', 'AGONIST', 'PRODUCT-OF', 'MODULATOR', 'DIRECT-REGULATOR', 'UNDEFINED', 'AGONIST-INHIBITOR', 'AGONIST-ACTIVATOR', 'MODULATOR-INHIBITOR'].

Please format your output as a JSON array. Each entry in the array should express a single relation, formatted as ["<Entity_A>", "<RELATION_A_B>", "<Entity_B>"]. If no relations can be found, please output an empty JSON array [].

Abstract:

Rutin- and Selenium-attenuated cadmium-induced testicular pathophysiology in rats. Cadmium (Cd) is known to cause oxidative damage in the testes of rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of rutin (RUT, 30 mg/kg) and selenium (Se, 0.15 ppm) alone or in combination against Cd (200 ppm) -induced lipid peroxidation, steroidogenesis and changes in antioxidant defence system in the rat testes. The obtained results showed that Cd increased lipid peroxidation and abnormal sperm count and decreased plasma testosterone, lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and testicular steroidogenic enzymes: 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 17β-HSD activities as well as epididymal sperm counts and motility, while RUT and Se treatment reversed this change to control values. Acute intoxication with Cd was also followed by significantly decreased activity of the antioxidant defence system (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)). Treatment with RUT and Se reversed Cd-induced alterations of antioxidant defence system and significantly prevented Cd-induced testes damage and depletion of plasma and testicular Se levels. RUT and Se appear not to have more profound effects than their separate effects against Cd-induced testicular toxicity, although Se was more potent than RUT in the recovery of testosterone levels. These results suggest that both RUT and Se do not have synergistic role against Cd-induced testicular injury.
[["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "lactate dehydrogenase"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "alkaline phosphatase"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "HSD"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "GST"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "superoxide dismutase"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "GSH-Px"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "glutathione reductase"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "GR"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "acid phosphatase"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "testicular steroidogenic enzymes"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "catalase"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "glutathione-S-transferase"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "SOD"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "glutathione peroxidase"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "CAT"], ["Cd", "INHIBITOR", "17\u03b2-HSD"]]