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mostly the development of 
 cognition , language , fine and gross motor skills , social skills and daily life seems to be 
 delayed , as they should be developed before the age of 181 , 2 .
these developmental delays 
 include high - risk infants , cerebral palsy , learning disabilities , mental retardation , and 
 congenital muscular diseases .
developmental delays are 
 characterized by a with delayed functional development process compared with that in normal 
 children ; however , the degree of developmental delay can be regulated or causes of delayed 
 development can be treated when detected early .
early identification and mediation of 
 developmental delay can minimize the issues afterwards with long - term function 
 enhancement4 . according to wolff5
, the aftereffects of disabilities in of 
 children with developmental delays can be minimized through the early evaluation , accurate 
 diagnosis and early interventions .
therefore , it is very important to provide proper 
 interventions through screening by early evaluation for the children with a potential risk 
 of disability .
there is a great demand for a tool to determine the potential risks or 
 problems in the early stage of developmental delay .
however , there is only limited number of 
 comprehensive and objective tools for evaluation and diagnosis6 .
the kicdt ( korean infant and child development test ) developed by the development 
 evaluation enacting subcommittee of the korea pediatrics academy in february 2002 is a 
 scaled development test for toddlers under the age of five and classifies five lower 
 categories to determine development accordingly to a development index , which can be 
 utilized to screen toddlers who are suspected of having delayed development in a 
 comparatively short amount of time or to observe toddlers who already received treatment in 
 follow - up .
the bsid - iii is also very useful as a periodic evaluation tool for measuring the maturity 
 of the central nervous system , particularly in the evaluation of intelligence and motor 
 development of very small infants or premature infants as well as in the evaluation of 
 premature infants if they are developing normally .
the level of functional development in 
 the children are evaluated and compared against those of normal children to determine the 
 degree of development .
measurements in the five categories of cognition , language , motor 
 skills , social emotions , and adaptive behavior are provided in a numerical index .
its 
 advantages included that the evaluator interacts with the child directly in a structured 
 environment and that can be done with an infant right after the birth .
the common bsid - ii 
 has been modified as an evaluation tool for functional development of children from 16 days 
 after birth to the age of 42 months to improve the quality and usefulness of 
 evaluations7 . however ,
this tool is not 
 utilized widely by institutions , and since not many studies have been done in korean 
 children , how effective it is unknown .
therefore , the bsid - iii and kicdt were compared and analyzed in the present study to 
 identify the usefulness of the bsid - iii in republic of korea .
the subjects of the study were 27 children diagnosed with delayed development who had 
 visited a pediatric rehabilitation care facility between january 2012 and october 2013 .
other children with a congenital lesion or other 
 diagnosis by brain ct or mri were excluded .
the bsid - iii and kicdt were administered 
 individually by an occupational therapist , taking approximately 50 minutes , and then the 
 children receives a treatment from a pediatric rehabilitation medicine physician .
pearson s correlation was used for 
 statistical analyses of the correlation between the bsid - iii and kicdt .
all the parents 
 understood the purpose of this study and provided their written informed consent prior to 
 participation in the study in accordance with the ethical principles of the declaration of 
 helsinki .
the characteristics of the research subjects are shown in table 1table 1.general characteristics of the survey participantscategoryfrequencies%gendermale1970.4female829.6age1324 months1140.72536 months1037.13748 months622.2deliverycesarean1451.9normal1348.1pregnancy week number ( months)39.961.05birth weight ( kg)3.440.43 .
their general characteristics were as follows : 19 boys ( 70.4% ) and 8 girls 
 ( 29.6% ) ; 11 children between the age of 13 and 24 months ( 40.7 ) , 10 children between the age 
 of 25 and 36 months ( 37.1% ) , and 6 children between the age of 37 and 48 months ( 22.2% ) ; 14 
 children born by c - section ( 51.9% ) and 13 children born by induced labor ( 48.1% ) ; an average 
 gestation period is 39.961.05 weeks , mostly distributed between 38 and 41 weeks ; and an 
 average weight at birth of 3.440.43  kg , mostly distributed between 2.80  kg and 4.08  kg .
the 
 correlations of the lower categories of the bsid - iii were as the follows .
each lower 
 category demonstrated significant correlation within a significance level of p<0.01 
 ( table 2table 2.correlation analysis of the bsid - iii subtestcognitivereceptivecommunicationexpressivecommunicationfine motorgross motorreceptive communication0.801expressive communication0.7560.850fine motor0.9790.8510.747gross motor0.8360.7700.6530.827social emotional0.5840.7510.5490.6690.697 ) .
in the 
 cognitive category of the bsid - iii , the correlation for the fine motor and social personal 
 areas in the korean infant development evaluation shows the significance level of p<0.01 , 
 while p<0.05 was observed for other correlations . in the receptive communication area , 
 the significance level for the social personal areas of the kicdt was p<0.01 , while 
 p<0.05 was observed for the language area . in the expressive communication area ,
the 
 correlation showed a significance level of p<0.05 in both language and cognitive areas of 
 the kicdt . in the fine motor area ,
the correlation showed a significance level of p<0.05 
 in the language and cognitive areas of the kicdt while p<0.01 was observed in the other 
 areas .
for the gross motor area , significant correlation ( p<0.05 ) was only found in the 
 gross motor area of the kicdt . in the social - emotional area
the cognitive and fine motor areas of the lower categories of the 
 bsid - iii demonstrated high correlation with the lower categories of the kicdt , and the 
 social - emotional area did not show any correlation ( table 3table 3.correlation analysis of the bsid - iii subtest and kicdtgross motorfine motorsocial personallanguagecognitivecognitive0.4080.6020.6600.4500.381receptive communication0.3400.3850.4980.3890.298expressive communication0.5080.1740.2770.4390.397fine motor0.5350.6340.6780.4220.407gross motor0.3940.2840.3070.0240.040social emotional0.3640.0260.1140.0760.024 ) .
jae8 and chung et al.9 explored evaluation scale and studies of the validity of 
 bayley scales of infant development in korean infants , and cho et al.10 established the standard for the kbsid - ii through prior 
 study of the standardization of kbsid - ii by park et al.6 and others .
standardization of the bsid - iii is under way in the 
 republic of korea but it remains insignificant .
studies on reliability for children with 
 developmental delays are also very scarce . in determining the correlations of the lower 
 categories of the bsid - iii for children with developmental delays , correlation with the 
 significance level of p<0.01 was found among the lower categories . in the correlation 
 analysis for the bsid - iii and kicdt , the cognitive area of
the bsid - iii showed a significant 
 correlation with every area of kicdt . in the receptive communication area
, there was a 
 significant correlation only in the social personal and language areas of the kicdt . in the 
 expressive communication area
, there was a high correlation with language and cognitive 
 areas . in the fine motor area
, there was a significant correlation with every area of the 
 kicdt . in the gross motor area
, there was a significant correlation only with the gross 
 motor area of the kicdt .
in the social - emotional area , there was no correlation with every 
 area of the kicdt .
the cognitive and fine motor areas of the bsid - iii showed high 
 significant correlation with the cognitive and fine motor areas of the lower categories of 
 the kicdt , but there were no correlations with the social - emotional area . there were 
 significant correlations for many areas of the bsid - iii , and this indicates that it could be 
 a useful evaluation tool in identifying the degree of development in each area or screening 
 of children with developmental delays . if children are evaluated and observed repeatedly 
 rather than just once , the evaluation result will be more accurate , which should make up for 
 the shortcoming of the bsid - iii .
the bsid - iii was found to be a valid and useful evaluation 
 tool for determining development stages or screening children with developmental delays .
[ purpose ] the aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of the bsid - iii 
 through the comparison of results from the bsid - iii and kicdt and analyzing the 
 correlation for each item . [ subjects ] the subjects of the study were 27 children diagnosed 
 with delayed development who had visited a pediatric rehabilitation care facility between 
 january 2012 and october 2013 . 
 they are younger than 42 months of age . 
 other children with 
 a congenital lesion or other conditions revealed by brain ct or mri were excluded . 
 
 [ results ] the cognitive and fine motor categories among the lower categories of the 
 bsid - iii demonstrated strong correlations with the lower categories of the kicdt ; however , 
 the social - emotional category did not show any correlation . as a result 
 , the bsid - iii may 
 be a useful testing tool for screening or for identification of developmental stages in 
 children with delayed development . 
 [ conclusion ] studies with various groups and ages 
 should be done in the future , and there should be the korean standards for the 
 bsid - iii .