You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["Chemical"].

Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Chemical": ["Arsenic", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].

Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.

Abstract:

Dung-shen (Codonopsis pilosula) attenuated the cardiac-impaired insulin-like growth factor II receptor pathway on myocardial cells. Previous studies from our lab showed that increase in AngII in H9c2 cells causes elevated IGFII and IGFIIR through MEK and JNK, leading to rise in intracellular calcium, calcineurin activation by PLC-β3 via Gαq, insertion into mitochondrial membranes of Bad, and apoptosis via caspases 9 and 3. Codonopsis pilosula is traditionally used to lower blood pressure. The purpose of our study is to investigate if C. pilosula attenuates AngII plus Leu(27)-IGFII-induced calcium influx and apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. C. pilosula significantly attenuated AngII induced IGFIIR promoter activity. Leu(27)-IGFII was applied to enhance the AngII effect. C. pilosula also reversed Ca(2+) influx, MOMP and apoptosis increased by AngII plus Leu(27)-IGFII. Molecular markers in IGFIIR apoptotic pathway (IGFIIR, calcineurin, etc.) and IGFIIR-Gαq association were downregulated by C. pilosula. However, p-Bad(Ser136) and Bcl-2 were increased. Therefore, C. pilosula suppresses AngII plus Leu(27)-IGFII-induced IGFII/IGFIIR pathway in myocardial cells.
{"Chemical": ["calcium", "Leu", "Ca(2+)", "Ser"]}