You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["Chemical"].

Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Chemical": ["Arsenic", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].

Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.

Abstract:

In vivo sustained dermal delivery and pharmacokinetics of interferon alpha in biphasic vesicles after topical application. Biphasic vesicles, a novel nanostructured lipid-based delivery system show potential for topical application of interferon alpha (IFN α) for the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections (anogenital warts). Dermal delivery of IFN α encapsulated in biphasic vesicles (BPV-IFN α), applied topically to the skin, was characterized in a guinea pig model. BPV-IFN α (1g, 2MIU/g) was topically applied either as a single or multiple treatments on the skin of guinea pigs. As a comparison with currently used regimens, IFN α solution was administered intravenously or intradermally. Skin and serum samples were collected over 96h, IFN α levels were determined by an antiviral assay, and half-life (t1/2) and elimination (k) rates were calculated. Topical BPV-IFN α treatment resulted in maximum skin levels (about 100,000U/100cm(2)) of IFN α within 6h and maintained for 72-96h. Clearance from the skin after intradermal injections was initially fast (t1/2 0.62h, k 1.1179h(-1)), followed by a slower steady decrease after 6h. After intravenous and intradermal administration, IFN α was rapidly cleared from the serum, t1/2 0.75h, k 0.9271h(-1) and t1/2 1.28h, k 0.5421h(-1), respectively, whereas after topical application, IFN α levels remained below 100U/mL. Topical application of BPV- IFN α resulted in sustained delivery of biologically active IFN α locally into skin with minimal systemic exposure.
{"Chemical": []}