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to report an unusual case of suicide attempt secondary complicated of pulmonary and systemic embolisms .
a 49-year - old - woman , with a factor v leiden mutation and a notion of chronic depression , admitted to our intensive care unit for a suicide attempt by ingestion ofmepronizine and lormetazepam .
we report the rare evolution of this patient with a persistent alteration of consciousness associating a respiratory degradation . despite the drug intoxication and possibility of aspiration , we performed a computed tomography ( ct ) angiography which confirmed the presence of a bilateral , proximal , pulmonary embolism suspected on transthoracic echocardiography .
association of stroke and pulmonary embolism led us to suspect a patent foramen ovale ( pfo ) .
neurological and respiratory degradation following voluntary drug intoxication led to the discovery of both a pulmonary and cerebral embolism secondary to a pfo entrapped thrombus .
an entrapped thrombus in a pfo is a rare and dangerous situation , associated with many complications .
association of systemic and pulmonary embolisms should lead to pfo detection to guide therapeutic interventions .
a 49-year - old - woman was found at home presenting neurological distress with a glasgow score of 11 caused by mepronizine and lormetazepam ( supposed ingested doses : 12 g and 32 mg , respectively ) poisonings and was brought to our intensive care unit . she already tried to kill herself by voluntary drug intoxication ( chronic depression ) and
her initial physical examination at admission showed tachycardia ( 143 bpm ) and tachypnea ( respiratory rate 30 cycles / min ) with an oxygen saturation of 75% in room air .
due to those respiratory and neurological failures , the patient was intubated , but her respiratory parameters did not improve .
the transthoracic echocardiography revealed enlarged right cardiac chambers and an elevated pulmonary artery pressure ( spap 50mmhg ) . considering the severity of respiratory failure and normality of chest x - ray
, a spiral computed tomography ( ct ) was performed revealing a massive bilateral proximal pulmonary embolism . increased neurological distress
association of stroke and pulmonary embolism led us to suspect a pfo responsible for a cerebral paradoxical embolism .
this diagnosis was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography with an entrapped thrombus ( supplementary video ) and positive agitated saline contrast injection .
both pulmonary embolism and brain infarction were treated by unfractioned heparin due to the probable embolic origin of the stroke .
the further care took place in a neurosurgery unit , but she unfortunately died 2 days after admission .
despite the confirmation of etiological diagnosis , we were unable to reconstruct the natural history of events : did the suicide attempt lead to a coma with prolonged immobility favoring thromboembolic complications ?
was an embolic complication ( stroke ) or pulmonary embolism the first event , leading to feeling unwell which triggered the suicide attempt ?
pfo is present in more than 25% of adults and is the cause of about 95% of the right - to - left shunts .
several previous reports described a straddling thrombus within a pfo with pulmonary and coronary or cerebral embolism .
cryptogenic strokes represent about 40% of strokes and paradoxical embolism via a pfo seems to be responsible of 50% of them leading to 40,000 - 160,000 such cerebral accidents per year in the united states .
the principal cause of elevated right cardiac chambers pressure is pulmonary embolism and presence of a pfo in patients with clinically apparent pulmonary embolism increases systemic embolism from 2% to 28% ( p < 0.02 ) .
venous thrombosis , oral contraceptives , or recent surgery can increase the risk of paradoxical embolism through pfo as factor v leiden mutation ( known in our case ) and prothrombin g20210a mutation that seems to play a critical role increased about fivefold the risk of stroke in these patients .
those findings show that estimation of paradoxical embolism risk level should simultaneously take into account both the presence of pfo and risk factors for right cardiac chambers pressure elevation . despite therapeutic interventions ,
mortality vary from 14% to 33% during the hospital stay , impending paradoxical embolism being associated with a 30-day mortality rate is 18.4% .
high level evidence for impending paradoxical embolism treatment need has to be investigated and treatment has to be adapted to the characteristics of the patients and care center resources and expertise .
the first pfo treatment was cardiac surgery , but it is no longer indicated as an isolated procedure .
no prospective randomized long - term study has ever proved a benefit from closing the pfo .
pfo can be treated by percutaneous therapy with low morbidity and mortality rates and recurrent neurological or peripheral embolic event in 0%-3.8% per year .
nonetheless , the interest of a pfo closure after a stroke remains debatable as a recent study did not show a significant benefit , using a composite end - point mixing mortality and stroke recurrence in a 2 years follow - up period .
nonetheless , per - protocol and as - treated analysis showed significant improvement in the risk of recurrent stroke . pooling these data
local radiofrequency application and percutaneous intracardiac suture are still being evaluated clinically . at last , medical strategy by lifelong anticoagulants such as warfarin
pfo is present in more than 25% of adults and is the cause of about 95% of the right - to - left shunts .
several previous reports described a straddling thrombus within a pfo with pulmonary and coronary or cerebral embolism .
cryptogenic strokes represent about 40% of strokes and paradoxical embolism via a pfo seems to be responsible of 50% of them leading to 40,000 - 160,000 such cerebral accidents per year in the united states .
the principal cause of elevated right cardiac chambers pressure is pulmonary embolism and presence of a pfo in patients with clinically apparent pulmonary embolism increases systemic embolism from 2% to 28% ( p < 0.02 ) .
on the contrary , venous thrombosis , oral contraceptives , or recent surgery can increase the risk of paradoxical embolism through pfo as factor v leiden mutation ( known in our case ) and prothrombin g20210a mutation that seems to play a critical role increased about fivefold the risk of stroke in these patients .
those findings show that estimation of paradoxical embolism risk level should simultaneously take into account both the presence of pfo and risk factors for right cardiac chambers pressure elevation . despite therapeutic interventions ,
mortality vary from 14% to 33% during the hospital stay , impending paradoxical embolism being associated with a 30-day mortality rate is 18.4% . there is no modification of mortality between thromboembolectomy , anticoagulation , or thrombolysis .
high level evidence for impending paradoxical embolism treatment need has to be investigated and treatment has to be adapted to the characteristics of the patients and care center resources and expertise .
the first pfo treatment was cardiac surgery , but it is no longer indicated as an isolated procedure .
no prospective randomized long - term study has ever proved a benefit from closing the pfo .
pfo can be treated by percutaneous therapy with low morbidity and mortality rates and recurrent neurological or peripheral embolic event in 0%-3.8% per year .
nonetheless , the interest of a pfo closure after a stroke remains debatable as a recent study did not show a significant benefit , using a composite end - point mixing mortality and stroke recurrence in a 2 years follow - up period .
nonetheless , per - protocol and as - treated analysis showed significant improvement in the risk of recurrent stroke . pooling these data
local radiofrequency application and percutaneous intracardiac suture are still being evaluated clinically . at last , medical strategy by lifelong anticoagulants such as warfarin
pfo is a frequent condition , but an entrapped thrombus is a rare and life - threatening situation that should be sought for in a suspicious clinical situation such as the one described here ( pulmonary and systemic embolism and a coagulation factor mutation ) .
objectives : to report an unusual case of suicide attempt secondary complicated of pulmonary and systemic embolisms.data source : a 49-year - old - woman , with a factor v leiden mutation and a notion of chronic depression , admitted to our intensive care unit for a suicide attempt by ingestion ofmepronizine and lormetazepam.data extraction : we report the rare evolution of this patient with a persistent alteration of consciousness associating a respiratory degradation . despite the drug intoxication and possibility of aspiration , we performed a computed tomography ( ct ) angiography which confirmed the presence of a bilateral , proximal , pulmonary embolism suspected on transthoracic echocardiography . 
 a cerebral ct showed left sylvian and cerebellar infarctions complicated of perilesional edema . 
 association of stroke and pulmonary embolism led us to suspect a patent foramen ovale ( pfo ) . 
 there was also a context of genetical perturbation of hemostasis . 
 transesophageal echocardiography confirmed the presence of a pfo undiagnosed by transthoracic echography . 
 the pfo was complicated by an entrapped thrombus . 
 the thrombotic complications were treated by unfractionated heparin.data synthesis : neurological and respiratory degradation following voluntary drug intoxication led to the discovery of both a pulmonary and cerebral embolism secondary to a pfo entrapped thrombus.conclusions:an entrapped thrombus in a pfo is a rare and dangerous situation , associated with many complications . 
 association of systemic and pulmonary embolisms should lead to pfo detection to guide therapeutic interventions .