You will be shown an abstract from a biomedical research paper. Given this abstract, your task is to extract all unique entities of the following types: ["HealthCareActivity", "InjuryOrPoisoning", "BodySubstance", "IntellectualProduct", "AnatomicalStructure", "SpatialConcept", "Chemical", "Bacterium", "MedicalDevice", "Organization", "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline", "Finding", "BiologicFunction", "Virus", "ResearchActivity", "ClinicalAttribute", "PopulationGroup", "Eukaryote", "BodySystem", "Food", "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup"].

Please return the output as a JSON object of the format: {"Virus": ["HIV", ...], "Bacterium": ["MRSA", ...], "AnatomicalStructure": ["Lung", ...], "BodySystem": ["CNS", ...], "BodySubstance": ["Serum", ...], "Finding": ["Headache", ...], "InjuryOrPoisoning": ["Fracture", ...], "BiologicFunction": ["Death", ...], "HealthCareActivity": ["Biopsy", ...], "ResearchActivity": ["Clinical trial", ...], "MedicalDevice": ["Lenses", ...], "SpatialConcept": ["Camps", ...], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": ["Forensic medicine", ...], "Organization": ["WHO", ...], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": ["Provider", ...], "PopulationGroup": ["Swimmers", ...], "Chemical": ["Gold", ...], "Food": ["Rice", ...], "IntellectualProduct": ["RPAM", ...], "ClinicalAttribute": ["Biomarker", ...], "Eukaryote": ["Dogs", ...]}. The keys should be entity types and values should be lists of extracted entities belonging to the corresponding type. If you cannot find entities belonging to a specific type, the value should be [].

Only output the JSON object and do not include any additional text.

Abstract:

Concordant but Varied Phenotypes among Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patient -Specific Myoblasts Derived using a Human iPSC -Based Model Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) remains an intractable genetic disease. Althogh there are several animal models of DMD, there is no human cell model that carries patient -specific DYSTROPHIN mutations. Here, we present a human DMD model using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Our model reveals concordant disease - related phenotypes with patient - dependent variation, which are partially reversed by genetic and pharmacological approaches. Our " chemical-compound -based" strategy successfully directs hiPSCs into expandable myoblasts, which exhibit a myogenic transcriptional program, forming striated contractile myofibers and participating in muscle regeneration in vivo. DMD - hiPSC -derived myoblasts show disease - related phenotypes with patient -to- patient variability, including aberrant expression of inflammation or immune-response genes and collagens, increased BMP / TGFβ signaling, and reduced fusion competence. Furthermore, by genetic correction and pharmacological "dual- SMAD " inhibition, the DMD - hiPSC -derived myoblasts and genetically corrected isogenic myoblasts form "rescued" multi - nucleated myotubes. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a human " DMD -in-a-dish" model using hiPSC -based disease modeling.
{"AnatomicalStructure": ["hiPSCs", "myotubes", "myofibers", "Myoblasts", "human induced pluripotent stem cells", "DYSTROPHIN", "immune-response genes", "iPSC", "myoblasts", "human cell", "contractile", "hiPSC"], "Bacterium": [], "BiologicFunction": ["inhibition", "TGF\u03b2 signaling", "Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "inflammation", "Model", "animal models", "myogenic transcriptional", "disease modeling", "Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy", "disease", "DMD", "mutations", "genetic disease", "BMP", "model"], "BiomedicalOccupationOrDiscipline": [], "BodySubstance": [], "BodySystem": [], "Chemical": ["collagens", "chemical-compound", "SMAD"], "ClinicalAttribute": [], "Eukaryote": ["human", "Human"], "Finding": ["muscle regeneration"], "Food": [], "HealthCareActivity": [], "InjuryOrPoisoning": [], "IntellectualProduct": [], "MedicalDevice": [], "Organization": [], "PopulationGroup": [], "ProfessionalOrOccupationalGroup": [], "ResearchActivity": ["strategy"], "SpatialConcept": ["in vivo"], "Virus": []}