Endoscopic Pancreatic Duct Stenting for Relief of Obstructive Pain in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer
Endoscopic Pancreatic Duct Stenting for Relief of Obstructive Pain in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer
This research is being done to assess the effects of pancreatic duct stenting on relief of
 obstructive pain (pain due to outflow obstruction of main pancreatic duct) caused by
 pancreatic cancer.
Although most people with pancreatic cancer (80-85%) suffer distressing pain, it is poorly
 controlled. Currently, medical management has been focused on frequent use of opioid
 painkillers (narcotics) which are associated with several complications. Pain in pancreatic
 cancer is mainly caused by tumor invasion to nerves near pancreatic gland, but in certain
 patients with pancreatic cancer, pain is believed to be obstructive in nature and is due to
 outflow obstruction of main pancreatic duct (PD) which extracts pancreatic secretions. This
 kind of pain is specifically marked by pain occurring after eating. With this respect,
 decompression of pancreatic duct has been associated with pain relief in people with chronic
 inflammation of pancreas due to obstruction of its main duct (chronic pancreatitis).
 Therefore; we think that it might be beneficial in the management of obstructive pain in
 people with pancreatic cancer.

 Endoscopic stenting of pancreatic duct is a way for decompression and appears to be effective
 and safe palliative (pain relief) treatment for pain management in patients with chronic
 pancreatitis. Besides safety, pancreatic stenting seems to be associated with a significant
 decrease in amount of required opioids and analgesic drugs (and their side effects) for pain
 management, and may improve patients' quality of life. There are only a few old reports about
 beneficial effects of endoscopic pancreatic duct decompression for relief of obstructive pain
 in pancreatic cancer. Currently, we have improved stents. Since prior clinical practice has
 shown that pain improves, we plan to place stents with the expectation that pain will
 improve. We hope that it will decrease need for recurrent hospitalizations for pain control
 and decrease in need for medications (narcotics) and medication side effects, and also will
 improve the quality of life. Specific instruments will be applied as research tools to
 monitor pain score and quality of life before and after pancreatic duct stenting in this
 study.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Consecutive adult patients (18-80 years of age) with cytopathologic diagnosis of
 unresectable pancreatic cancer unresectable pancreatic cancer can be due 1) distant
 metastasis, 2) involvement of superior mesenteric artery or celiac artery, or 3) if
 the patient was unfit for surgery due to severe concomitant illness.

 -  Significant biliary obstruction presenting for ERCP.

 -  Significant obstructive-type abdominal pain despite use of opioid analgesics.
 Obstructive-pain is defined as abdominal pain that is intensified after food intake in
 the setting of dilated upstream pancreatic duct (>4mm in diameter).

 -  Ability to give informed consent.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Unable to give informed consent

 -  Pregnant or breastfeeding women (all women of child-bearing age will undergo urine
 pregnancy testing)

 -  Estimated life expectancy of 4 weeks or less

 -  Malignant infiltration of the papilla as determined endoscopically or radiographically

 -  Serum bilirubin level ≥ 2 mg/dl (to avoid a confounding variable with respect to the
 impact of PD stenting on the pain severity and the quality of life; concomitant
 biliary obstruction should be managed successfully before enrollment)

 -  Acute gastrointestinal bleeding

 -  Coagulopathy defined by prothrombin time < 50% of control; PTT > 50 sec, or INR >
 1.5), on chronic anticoagulation, or platelet count <50,000

 -  Inability to tolerate sedated upper endoscopy due to cardio-pulmonary instability or
 other contraindication to endoscopy

 -  Cirrhosis with portal hypertension, varices, and/or ascites