A National Program for Severe Asthma: The Canadian Severe Asthma Network
A National Program for Severe Asthma: The Canadian Severe Asthma Network
The Canadian Severe Asthma Network (CSAN) was developed to gain a better understanding of the
 clinical, environmental, socio-economic, work-related, and biological characteristics of
 severe asthmatics (SA) that may account for poor response to clinically available therapies
 for asthma.

 This network of clinical and basic researchers will be a means by which Canadian
 investigators can develop and conduct research in this small patient group, which could lead
 to better clinical management of SA.

 Patient information will be entered into the CSAN database (created by PI Dr. Vethanayagam in
 connection with Mr. Jack Yeung) and will help researchers and doctors from multiple hospitals
 and universities across Canada to understand this subpopulation of asthmatics better. It will
 help to answer questions regarding SA epidemiology, asthma education, inflammatory
 monitoring, risks of near fatal asthma (NFA), symptom perception, changes in lung structure
 and function, co-morbidities, and the effectiveness of developing regional severe asthma
 clinics. Two of the early projects the investigators will be working on are psychosocial
 co-morbidities in asthma and medication coverage related to asthma.

 There will also be biobanking of sputum samples and/or bronchoscopy samples (such as BALs &
 lung washings) that are being obtained for clinical purposes. Also, for those consented for
 biobanking blood and urine will be collected, separate from clinical care, and stored in the
 biobank. The Canadian Biosample Repository (CBSR) will be storing our biobanked samples. The
 investigators will be following the CBSR policies for storage and security. Tissue research
 will be conducted in the future, and separate ethics approval will be obtained for each
 project.
5-10% of adult asthmatics have difficult to control asthma or severe asthma (SA), some of
 whom require systemic steroids to control their disease ("steroid dependent asthmatics").
 Very little is understood about this population (Chanez, et al. JACI June 07)

 Networks to study severe asthma have emerged in Europe (ENFUMOSA) and the United States (US
 Severe Asthma Research Program) to understand this small group of patients who account for
 the majority of costs related to asthma care (>50%). We would like to establish a network in
 Canada of well characterized asthmatics with severe asthma (and mild-moderate asthmatics as
 controls).

 Sputum cell counts assist somewhat in improving asthma management in this population but
 outside of eosinophilic inflammation (one subtype) do not predict asthma control (Lemiere C
 et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118:1033-9).

 Little is understood regarding the many patients who do not have frequent exacerbations but
 rather have chronic persistent asthma (symptoms multiple times a day) particularly when
 non-eosinophilic. SCCs are not as useful within this group and more detailed analysis of
 sputum (particularly supernatant) and more invasive testing is required as we see more of
 this population, to better treat them.

 Even less is understood about severe asthma in childhood.

 We have been reviewing a few of the patients' biopsies for clues to how we can better manage
 them within clinical setting and note significant differences between individuals in relation
 to muscle mass, neuronal hypertrophy, and inflammation (which more often than not is absent
 in those with severe asthma).

 Bronchoscopies are done routinely in SA patients to assess their airways better and obtain
 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens and sometimes transbronchial biopsies.

 Our hypotheses and/ or research questions are:

 Immediate:

 1. Natural History:

 1. What is the natural history of SA?

 2. What proportion of patients with SA and MMA have had a prior NFA episode?
 (retrospective)

 3. Do deaths due to asthma occur more commonly in Canadians with SA, as opposed to
 those with MMA? (prospective)

 2. NFA and SA:

 1. What is the regional prevalence of NFA episodes in individuals with SA managed
 within a Canadian Health Care System?

 2. What is the natural history of patients with SA who have experienced an episode of
 NFA?

 3. Does management of SA within SA Centres of Excellence (SA Centres) alter the risk
 of subsequent episodes of NFA?

 4. What genes are related to NFA in individuals with SA and MMA?

 3. What is the burden of co-morbidities in individuals with SA as opposed to individuals
 with MMA?

 4. What is the burden of steroid-related complications in patients with SA?

 5. Immunology:

 1. What is the regional prevalence of atopy in SA?

 2. What is the regional prevalence of non-TH2 mediated immunologic deviances in SA?

 Future Projects once CSAN registry is established (with specific grant funding requests)

 6. Education:

 1. What are the unique educational needs of patients with SA that need to be resolved?

 2. Can we use the same translatable SA action plan in each SA Centre?

 7. Inflammatory monitoring:

 1. What are the barriers to implementing the use of sputum cell counts (SCCs)
 routinely within SA Centres in Canada from a cost-benefit perspective?

 2. What are the barriers to establishing a standard protocol for SCC monitoring
 (frequency every 3 months) in SA Centres?

 3. Is there a role for Exhaled Nitric Oxide (ENO) measurement over and above SCC
 monitoring in SA Centres for individuals with SA?

 8. Symptom perception:

 1. How does the perception of dyspnea vary in patients with NFA and those with SA?

 2. Are there simple ways to identify patients with poor perception of dyspnea in this
 high risk population?

 9. Pathophysiology:

 1. What factors promote fixed airflow obstruction in this population?

 2. What are the features that lead to persistent airway neutrophilia in this
 population?

 3. Do those with SA develop more airway remodelling than those with MMA and when
 present, does airway remodelling progress at a faster rate in the SA group?

 10. Health Service Delivery:

 1. Are there differences in organizational clinic structure of SA Centres that improve
 efficiency of management?

 2. Can we develop further specialized new SA Centres in Canada effectively (knowledge
 transfer for organization)?

 3. Is it cost effective to develop regional SA Centres in Canada?
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Adults (18 and older) with physiologically confirmed SA or mild-moderate asthma and
 followed by an asthma specialist for at least 6 months.

 -  Must agree to have regular clinic visits (minimum 3-4 per year for SA, 1-2 for
 mild-moderate asthma).

 -  Must have good compliance with medications Patients with asthma and COPD.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Malignancy and other significant medical conditions that will impact follow up within
 this program.

 -  Those less than 18 years of age.

 -  Concomitant interstitial lung disease, sarcoidosis, other significant lung disease.

 -  Those who have had a transplant.

 -  Significant travel with work.

 -  Unable to make appointments (every three to six months over 2 years).

 -  Those residing in another country or planned absence for more than one month.