Study of Eating Behaviour and Sense of Taste Before and After Treatment With Nocturnal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Obese Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.
Study of Eating Behaviour and Sense of Taste Before and After Treatment With Nocturnal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Obese Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by a repeated partial or complete obstruction
 of the airway that results in a intermittent hypoxia and sleep disturbance.

 A complex and reciprocal link between obesity and OSA exists. On the one hand, obesity is one
 of the main risk factors for OSA. On the other hand, OSA seems to promote obesity. The
 changes in sleep patterns that characterize OSA alter energy metabolism and promote weight
 gain. In particular, OSA is associated with metabolic disturbances, decreased physical
 activity and changes in energy expenditure resulting in weight gain. OSA is characterized by
 resistance to leptin which reduces the feeling of satiety and an increase in ghrelin levels
 which increases the feeling of hunger.

 There may be an increase in food intake, but very few studies have looked at this aspect. Our
 current knowledge is based on simple patient reports of the amount of food consumed per 24
 hours.

 First-line treatment of OSA is based on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) but this
 approach is not curative and weight loss is encouraged. CAPP could facilitate weight loss by
 restoring sleep quality. Paradoxically, recent studies show weight gain proportional to the
 duration of use of CPP. Randomized controlled trials offering apneic patients a return to
 physical activity and hygiene-dietary rules have shown an improvement in OSA after weight
 loss.

 A better understanding of the influence of OSA and its treatment on the energy balance
 through food preferences and olfacto-gustatory sensoriality is an essential prerequisite for
 personalized nutritional management. In the face of unexpected weight gain under CPP, this
 type of intervention would be all the more beneficial as OSA and obesity are public health
 problems representing two independent risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
 with increasing incidence.

 We hypothesize that the treatment of OSA with CPAP changes food preferences in favour of
 fatty and sugary high-calorie foods.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Patient with moderate to severe OSA (apnea and hypopnea index > 15/h) for whom a CPAP
 is indicated

 -  Obese patient (body mass index > 30 kg/m2)

 -  Adult Patient

 -  Patient who has given oral consent

 -  Patient speaks and reads French

 -  Patient affiliated to a the national health insurance system

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Person subject to a legal protection measure (curatorship, guardianship)

 -  Person subject to a measure to judiciary protection

 -  Pregnant, parturient or breastfeeding woman

 -  Major unable or unwilling to consent

 -  Psychiatric, cognitive or neurological disorders making it impossible to assess food
 preferences

 -  Eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia)

 -  Patient suffering from an acute infection, progressive cancer or under treatment
 interfering with taste (anti-cancer, antibiotics...)

 -  Patient consuming alcohol daily

 -  Patient who smokes actively or has quit for less than 6 months

 -  Weight change of more than 10% in body weight in the six months before inclusion