Risk Factors for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Children
Risk Factors for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Children
The purpose of this study is to determine clinical and urodynamic risk factors for recurrent
 urinary tract infection in 5-18 years old children.
It is known, that in the group of young children the most common reason of recurrent UTI is
 anatomic abnormalities, such as vesicoureteral reflux, hydronephrosis. However, not all
 recurrent UTI can be explained by anatomic abnormalities. The vast majority of school age
 children with recurrent UTI have anatomically normal urinary tract. Recent studies discuss
 about the role of behavioral and functional abnormalities (inadequate fluid intake, stool
 retention, infrequent voiding, etc.) that can predispose recurrent urinary tract infections.
 Influence of some these abnormalities for recurrent UTI is controversial. Family history,
 behavioral and functional abnormalities which predispose to urinary tract infections in
 children with normal urinary tract are neglected in most protocols of urinary tract
 infection.

 Children in this study receive a careful evaluation including complete history,
 voiding-drinking diary, bowel questionnaire, physical investigation, sonography, voiding
 cystourethrogram.

 Follow up time - 1 year. Urinalysis once a month and during each episode of fever.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  5-18 years old children, who were treated because of cystitis and pyelonephritis in
 Kaunas Medical University Hospital

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  urinary tract malformations

 -  neurogenic bladder dysfunction

 -  patients, who received immunosuppressive drugs

 -  pregnant girls

 -  children with non bacterial urinary tract infection