Understanding the Roles of Hormones in Adipocyte Remodeling Following Menopause
Understanding the Roles of Hormones in Adipocyte Remodeling Following Menopause
The overarching aims of this study are to:

 1. Characterize the rate of in vivo adipogenesis, and changes in adipose tissue gene and
 protein expression, in the scABD and scFEM depots of women undergoing surgical menopause
 (↓E2, ↑FSH).

 2. Characterize the rate of in vivo adipogenesis, and changes in adipose tissue gene and
 protein expression, in the scABD and scFEM depots of women undergoing gonadal
 suppression (↓E2, ↓FSH).
This is a cross-sectional study where two groups of premenopausal women (ages 18-50 y) will
 be enrolled in a parallel arm study:

 -  Arm 1 (Surgical Menopause): up to 6 women undergoing laparoscopic, elective bilateral
 oophorectomy [Site: Pennington Biomedical Research Center].

 -  Arm 2 (Pharmacology-Induced Menopause): up to 6 women undergoing gonadal suppression via
 leuprolide acetate (Lupron [AbbVie Inc.]) [Site: UC-Denver].

 We will compare each arm of women to non-oophorectomized, premenopausal women (controls) with
 normal menstrual cycles (Apple&Pear study; NCT01748994; PI: Ravussin) selectively matched
 (1:2) for age and BMI. The Apple&Pear study uses the same in vivo adipogenesis labeling
 protocol, with similar age and BMI criteria, as the proposed study.
INCLUSION CRITERIA:

 -  Healthy female

 -  Ages 18-50 y

 -  Planning to have either a laparoscopic bilateral oophorectomy or a laparoscopic
 unilateral oophorectomy (which would result in no remaining ovaries)

 -  Are willing to drink heavy water (2H2O) over an 8-week period

 -  Medically cleared for participation in the study by OB/GYN and Medical Investigator

 -  Are willing to have blood and fat tissue stored for future use

 EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

 -  Meet either of the following criteria:

 -  Have all 3 of the major menopause-related symptoms [hot flashes, mood swings, insomnia
 (trouble sleeping)]

 -  Have 2 of the major menopause-related symptom combinations [hot flashes and mood
 swings, or hot flashes and insomnia (trouble sleeping)]

 -  Unstable weight in the last 3 months [gain or loss >7 lb (or 3.2 kg)]

 -  History of clinically diagnosed diabetes or a fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dL

 -  Chronic use of systemic glucocorticoids, antipsychotic/antidepressant medications,
 thiazolidinediones and other medications that cause clinically significant weight
 gain, weight loss or are known to make changes in fat cell number/size *

 -  Previous bariatric surgery (or other surgeries) for obesity or weight loss (< 3 years
 ago)

 -  Use of over the counter or prescription weight loss products

 -  History of metabolic diseases (other than diabetes)

 -  History of neurological disease

 -  History of cardiovascular disease (or other chronic diseases)

 -  Pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding

 -  Use of hormone replacement therapy

 -  Unwilling to discontinue any form or hormonal therapy (e.g., contraceptives including
 birth control pills, vaginal ring, injections, implant, or skin patch; hormonal
 supplements, etc.) upon enrollment (after the Screening Visit).

 -  Inconsistent use of medications listed above will be evaluated and left up to the
 discretion of the Medical Investigator to evaluate safety.