Visual Feedback in Chronic Low Back Pain of Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women
Visual Feedback in Chronic Low Back Pain of Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women
The objectives of this study are to:

 -  Evaluate the effect of visual feedback on the intensity of low back pain, range of
 motion and function of pregnant and non-pregnant women with chronic low back pain.

 -  Determine the association between low back pain, catastrophizing, fear of movement and
 low back perception/image.
It is antecipated that 15 pregnant women with low back pain and 15 non-pregnant women with
 low back pain will enter the study. Each group will receive two different interventions, one
 consisting of visual feedback when performing 10 repetitions of low back flexion, extension
 and right and left side-flexion and another intervention consisting of the same low back
 movements without visual feedback. Participants will be assessed for pain intensity, pain
 location, disability, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, perception of the low back, flexion
 range of motion and time to perform the sit to stand test both at baseline and after the
 intervention.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  The sample will consist of 15 pregnant participants (ideally between the 2nd and 3rd
 trimester of gestation) with chronic idiopathic low back pain and a group of 15
 non-pregnant women with chronic idiopathic low back pain.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Pregnant women with risk pregnancy will be excluded as well as low back pain with a
 known cause (e.g. radiculopathy) and all participants with serious pathologies (e.g.
 history of trauma, surgery for less than 12 months, neurological pathologies, tumors).