Iodine I 131 Monoclonal Antibody 3F8 in Treating Patients With Central Nervous System Cancer or Leptomeningeal Cancer
Iodine I 131 Monoclonal Antibody 3F8 in Treating Patients With Central Nervous System Cancer or Leptomeningeal Cancer
RATIONALE: Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies, such as iodine I 131 monoclonal antibody 3F8,
 can find tumor cells and carry tumor-killing substances to them without harming normal cells.
 This may be an effective treatment for central nervous system cancer or leptomeningeal
 metastases.

 PURPOSE: This phase II trial is studying the side effects and how well iodine I 131
 monoclonal antibody 3F8 works in treating patients with central nervous system cancer or
 leptomeningeal cancer.
OBJECTIVES:

 -  Determine if intrathecal iodine I 131 monoclonal antibody 3F8 activity in patients with
 GD2-expressing central nervous system or leptomeningeal neoplasms is sufficiently
 promising (i.e., 6-month overall survival rate ≥ 25%) to warrant further study.

 -  Determine the response rate in patients treated with this drug.

 -  Determine the cumulative toxicities of this drug in these patients.

 -  Describe the effects of human-antimouse antibody on cerebrospinal fluid and serum
 pharmacokinetics in patients treated with this drug.

 OUTLINE: This is an open-label study.

 Patients receive intrathecal iodine I 131 monoclonal antibody 3F8 for dosimetry. Beginning
 approximately 1 week later, patients receive intrathecal iodine I 131 monoclonal antibody 3F8
 on day 1. Treatment intrathecal iodine I 131 monoclonal antibody 3F8 repeats weekly for up to
 4 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

 Blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples are collected prior to and after administration of each
 course of study drug. Samples are analyzed to assess the intrathecal and blood
 pharmacokinetics of iodine I 131 monoclonal antibody 3F8 and serum human antimouse
 antibodies. Samples are also analyzed in tumor genetic studies.

 After completion of study treatment, patients are followed periodically for 3 months.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Patients must have a histologically confirmed diagnosis of a malignancy known to
 expressGD2. Such tumors include medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the
 CNS, high grade astrocytomas, malignant glioma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma,
 ependymoma, rhabdoid tumors, sarcomas, melanoma or small cell lung carcinoma. For
 patients with other tumor types, GD2 expression must be confirmed by
 immunohistochemical staining and assessed by the Department of Pathology using prior
 frozen tissue, bone marrow or CSF cytology (send to Research Lab).

 -  Patients must have CNS/ leptomeningeal disease including high risk medulloblastoma, or
 a CNS/leptomeningeal malignancy which is refractory to conventional therapies, or for
 which no conventional therapy exists, OR a recurrent brain tumors with a predilection
 for leptomeningeal dissemination (medulloblastoma, PNET, rhabdoid tumor).

 -  Patients must have an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 1000/ul and a platelet count >
 50,000/ul.

 -  Patients may have active malignancy outside the central nervous system.

 -  Patients who have a programmable shunt will not be excluded.

 -  Both pediatric and adult patients of any age are eligible.

 -  Patients or a legal guardian will sign an informed consent form approved by the IRB
 and obtained by the Principal or a Co- Investigator before patient entry. Minors will
 provide assent.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Patients with obstructive or symptomatic communicating hydrocephalus.

 -  Patients with an uncontrolled life-threatening infection.

 -  Patients who are pregnant: Pregnant women are excluded for fear of danger to the
 fetus. Therefore negative pregnancy test is required for all women of child-bearing
 age, and appropriate contraception is required during the study period.

 -  Patients who have received cranial or spinal irradiation less than 3 weeks prior to
 the start of this protocol.

 -  Patients who have received systemic chemotherapy (corticosteroids not included) less
 than 3 weeks prior to the start of this protocol.

 -  Severe major organ toxicity. Specifically, renal, cardiac, hepatic, pulmonary, and
 gastrointestinal system toxicity should all be less than or equal to grade 2. Patients
 with stable neurological deficits (because of their brain tumor) are not excluded.
 Patients with <= 3 hearing loss are not excluded.

 -  Patients must have no rapidly progressing or deteriorating neurologic examination.

 -  Patients who have already received >45 Gy to the craniospinal radiation or >72 Gy
 focal brain radiation.