The Investigation of New Biological Markers for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Management in Chinese Population
The Investigation of New Biological Markers for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Management in Chinese Population
Prostate cancer (PC) is highly prevalent worldwide and is currently the 3rd most commonly
 diagnosed prostate cancer in Hong Kong male population with more than 1600 new cases
 diagnosed per year. However, the current use of serum PSA as a diagnostic marker is
 unsatisfactory. Many patients has elevated serum PSA is actually due to other causes and also
 the level of serum PSA do not correlate with the staging and grading of prostate cancer.
 Moreover, the current risk stratification system, based on PSA, clinical staging and Gleason
 score is of only limited value, as a significant proportion of patients with high-risk
 nonmetastatic PC have incurable disease due to locally advanced and/or occult metastasis,,
 whilst others with indolent disease may never suffer morbidity or mortality from PC.

 Therefore, in order to improve patient management and outcome, there is a need to identify
 newer markers and also validate some potential markers in Chinese population.
Prostate cancer (PC) is highly prevalent worldwide and is currently the 3rd most commonly
 diagnosed prostate cancer in Hong Kong male population with more than 1600 new cases
 diagnosed per year. Even with widely used serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) diagnostic
 testing, more than 50% men with newly diagnosed PC are deemed to have highrisk disease. 1
 However, the current use of serum PSA as a diagnostic marker is unsatisfactory. Many patients
 has elevated serum PSA is actually due to other causes and also the level of serum PSA do not
 correlate with the staging and grading of prostate cancer. 2 Moreover, the current risk
 stratification system, based on PSA, clinical staging and Gleason score is of only limited
 value, as a significant proportion of patients with high-risk nonmetastatic PC have incurable
 disease due to locally advanced and/or occult metastasis, whilst others with indolent disease
 may never suffer morbidity or mortality from PC. Furthermore, high-risk (non-metastatic)
 prostate cancer (thus defined) exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity of response to current
 treatment protocols. Lastly, the characteristics of prostate cancer in our Chinese population
 might not be the same as those in Caucasian. 3,4 Several single biomarkers have been
 introduced in an attempt to address the clinical need for better prognostic tests in prostate
 cancer. For example, increased pre-operative PSA velocity (≥2ng/ml/per year) has been
 associated with increased risk of recurrence after prostatectomy5 and mortality6, as have
 increased serum levels of Kallikrein-2 and [-2]-pro PSA.7-10 Pre-operative levels of prostate
 cancer gene 3 (PCA3) have been found to be elevated in tumours >0.5cc, 11 however these
 findings could not be confirmed in recent work.12 Therefore, in order to improve patient
 management and outcome, there is therefore an urgent need to improve our ability to identify
 newer markers and also validate some potential markers in our population.
Inclusion Criteria:

 1. Adult Chinese male patients with age > 18 years old

 2. Clinical suspected to have prostate cancer, based on abnormal digital rectal
 examination or elevated serum PSA level

 Exclusion Criteria:

 1. Patient refused or unable to provide consent for the study