Racial and Aging Effects of Acute Antioxidant Supplementation
Racial and Aging Effects of Acute Antioxidant Supplementation
This research is,being done to better understand how antioxidants (vitamins C, E and Alpha
 Lipoic Acid) af,f,ect the heart,and arteries. For this study, we will obtain blood samples to
 measure oxidative stress markers (substances in the blood that are linked to oxidative
 stress), cholesterol, insulin and blood glucose (sugar), as well as measure how well the
 heart and arteries are working following supplementation with the antioxidants.

 Our central hypothesis is that acute antioxidant supplementation will improve arterial
 function at rest and during exercise in African Americans without an impact of age, whereas
 aging will modify these effects in Caucasians.
The overall goal of this application is to investigate the effect of aging on how acute
 antioxidant supplementation affects decrements in arterial function observed in African
 Americans (AA). Additionally, this application will facilitate the applicant's emergence as
 an independent investigator in integrative clinical physiology. Oxidative stress (OS),
 contributes to hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, atherosclerosis, sepsis and aging.
 Increased OS leads to the development of endothelial dysfunction and subsequent development
 of cardiovascular disease through the inactivation of nitric oxide (NO) by superoxide (O2)
 and other free radicals. African Americans (AA) have increased OS and inflammation in vivo
 and in vitro, and have a lower serum concentration of most antioxidants. Endothelial cells of
 AAs have steady state NO/ O2/ONOO- balance that is close to redox state, which is a
 characteristic of endothelium impaired function disorders. Endothelium-derived NO is a
 vasodilator and inhibits monocyte adhesion and platelet activity and therefore is important
 in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. These specific differences in OS could be a
 contributing mechanism to the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease, especially
 hypertension and heart failure, observed in AA. Aging causes increases in OS, endothelial
 dysfunction, and decreased arterial compliance, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular
 disease. Acute supra-physiological dosages of antioxidants have been shown to transiently
 restore endothelial function in older adults and patients with coronary artery disease and
 hypertension by scavenging free radicals.However, it is unknown if acute antioxidant
 supplementation can diminish differences in vascular function between AA and Caucasians (CA).
 It is also unknown if acute antioxidant supplementation with known efficacy will
 differentially affect blood flow in AA vs CA during exercise.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  18-35 or 55-75 years of age

 -  General Good health

 -  Without diagnosed atherosclerotic disease

 -  Without metabolic or inflammatory disease

 -  Do not use antioxidant vitamin supplementation

 -  Do not use anti-inflammatory medication within last 2 weeks

 -  Do not use steroidal substances within past 2 weeks

 -  Participants on medications (not listed in the Exclusion Criteria) will take
 medication as normal on all days of study visits.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Current smoker

 -  Severe obesity (BMI>40 kg/m2)

 -  Blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg

 -  Diabetes (fasting glucose >110 mg/dl)

 -  Hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol >240 mg/dl)

 -  Inflammatory disease (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc)

 -  Diagnosed atherosclerotic heart disease

 -  Diagnosed cardiac arrhythmia

 -  Bacterial, viral or upper respiratory infection within past 1 month

 -  Bleeding disorder

 -  Anticoagulant medication

 -  Pregnant women