Oral Carnitine Challenge Test Guides Personalized Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease
Oral Carnitine Challenge Test Guides Personalized Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease
The investigators plan to use our recently developed oral carnitine challenge test (OCCT) as
 a tool to exam individual's trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) production capacity from their gut
 microbiota. By using data collected by OCCT, the investigators defined subjects as TMAO high
 producer or TMAO low producer and apply low carnitine/choline diet as dietary intervention in
 accordance. After dietary intervention for two months, the investigators repeated OCCT for
 these participants and compare the TMAO production capacity before and after dietary
 intervention.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Patient with risks of cardiovascular disease (CAD) or CAD patients proved by coronary
 angiography

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  age < 20, hx of GI surgery, hx of malignancy, antibiotic or probiotic or carnitine
 supplement use within one month, liver cirrhosis, end stage chronic renal disease