Effects Of Neck Pain Such As Fear Of Movement, Muscle Performance, Disability Etc.
Effects Of Neck Pain Such As Fear Of Movement, Muscle Performance, Disability Etc.
INTRODUCTION Non-specific chronic neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal
 disorders today. Factors related to neck pain are diverse and can affect the person in
 different ways. In order to determine the appropriate physical therapy and rehabilitation
 program for patients, the functional status of the patients should be evaluated carefully and
 the factors affecting this situation and the relationships between them should be taken into
 account. Parameters such as pain, balance, disability, muscular performance are associated
 with neck pain.

 The aim of our study is to examine the relationship between pain and kinesophobia and muscle
 performance, balance and dual task in individuals with nonspecific chronic neck pain and to
 compare them with asymptomatic individuals.

 Materials and Methods:

 The study included 44 individuals aged 18-65 who applied to Kırıkkale University Faculty of
 Medicine Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic and were diagnosed with non-specific
 chronic neck pain by a specialist, and 44 asymptomatic individuals between the ages of 18-65
 who did not experience neck pain for the last 1 year for the control group. will be. A total
 of 88 individuals will be included. We will evaluate kinesiophobia, pain density, muscles
 performance, dual task etc.

 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION: Data acquired at the end of this study will be compared by using
 appropriate statistical methods and then it will be discussed in comparison with national and
 international literature.
METHOD DETAIL

 1. Pain Severity Assessment Pain assessment is a complex task with a number of goals,
 including determining the meaning of pain for the patient, understanding the causes as
 well as consequences of pain, and determining the effectiveness of pain management. The
 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is one of the most widely used measurement methods in pain
 measurement. GAS is a one-dimensional linear scale. It is easy to use, the results are
 reproducible, and it can be used in a wide variety of environments. VAS is a continuous
 scale consisting of a 10 cm (100 mm) horizontal or vertical line. While determining the
 pain intensity; (0 points) qualifies as "no pain" and (100 points on a 100 mm scale)
 "pain as bad as possible" or "worst pain imaginable". While calculating the pain
 severity score, the patient chooses the appropriate point from the 10 cm line. It
 indicates the presence of no pain on a scale of 100 mm (0-4 mm), mild pain (5-44 mm),
 moderate pain (45-74 mm), severe pain (75-100 mm).

 2. Posture Evaluation The postures of the subjects participating in the study will be
 evaluated by the standard posture analysis method. Round shoulder, anterior tilt,
 kyphosis, etc. postural disturbances will be recorded.

 3. Joint Range of Motion Assessment (ARA) Normal range of motion will be evaluated using an
 Electrogoniometer. In the sitting position, the flexion, extension, lateral flexion and
 rotation movements of the relevant region will be measured and recorded. Evaluations of
 joint movements will be made in 3 repetitions and the average value of these 3
 measurements will be determined by calculating.

 4. Muscular Strength Assessment Muscle strength of the neck flexor and extensor muscles
 will be measured using the Stabilizer (Chattanooga Stabilizer Group Inc., Hixson, TN),
 and Hand-Held Dynamometer.

 5. Assessment of Muscular Endurance Resistance measurements will be made on the extensor
 and flexor muscles of the neck in a stable position, in the supine and prone positions,
 respectively. While measuring the endurance of the extensor neck muscles, the patient's
 legs will be straight and his arms will be positioned around the head. Loads of 2 and 4
 kilograms will be applied for women and men, respectively. The test will be done by
 stretching the head just above the bed and lifting it up for as long (seconds) as
 possible. Endurance evaluation of the deep cervical flexor muscles will be started with
 the subject in the hooked position on the back and the hands in the free position on the
 abdomen. The case will be asked to raise his head slightly high enough for the index and
 middle finger of a hand to pass along with the instruction. After the patient is taught
 this position, a slight amount (30%) of craniocervical flexion will be requested from
 the beginning as if yes. While the subject is in this position, the hand support will be
 pulled slightly and the test will be started in this position. The time in which the
 craniocervical maintains the position while maintaining flexion will be recorded in
 seconds. The test will be terminated when the patient does one of the four situations
 stated below;

 1- In cases where the patient feels a lot of pain and states that he cannot continue 2- In
 cases where the patient does not feel any pain but endurance ends 3- If the physiotherapist
 determines that the patient has lost the craniocervical flexion position despite maintaining
 the position 4- If the physiotherapist observes that the subject lifts his head higher than
 it should be, the endurance test ends.

 The resistance of the case for 60 seconds will be considered sufficient for the termination
 of the endurance test.

 6.Muscular Shortness Assessment In order to determine the muscle shortness of individuals;
 Standard shortness will be assessed for the pectoral muscles and the adductor and internal
 rotator muscles.

 7. Kinesiophobia Assessment In evaluating the level of kinesiophobia, the 17-question "Tampa
 Kinesophobia Scale (TSI)" developed by Vlaeyen et al. and validated in Turkish by Tunca
 Yılmaz and her colleagues will be used. The higher the calculated score, the higher the
 person's fear of movement will be determined.

 8. Spouse Apology Assessment The Neck Disability Index (NDI) is the most widely used tool to
 measure perceived disability associated with neck pain. The Turkish version of the scale,
 made by Aslan et al. consists of 10 parts. The questionnaire includes parameters of pain
 intensity, self-care, lifting, reading, headaches, concentration, work, driving, sleep and
 activities of daily living. As a result of scoring; (0-4 points) means no disability, (5-14
 points) mild disability, (15-24 points) moderate disability, (25-34 points) severe disability
 and (35 points and above) total disability .

 9.Dynamic Balance Assessment

 Star Balance Test (YDT) will be used in dynamic balance assessment. Participants stand in the
 middle of a platform consisting of eight lines that extend at an angle of 45 ° to each other.
 During the test, the person should rest on one lower limb while reaching as far as possible
 along each of the eight lines with the other. 8 directions anterior (A), anterolateral (AL),
 lateral (L), posterolateral (PL), posterior (P), posteromedial (PM), medial (M) and
 anteromedial (AM). The person is asked to make a light touch on the determined lines and
 return the reaching leg to the center, and to stand with one leg in the center. Then the
 maximum distance reached is recorded. If it will be done with the left foot, it is requested
 to lie counterclockwise, if it will be done with the right foot, it is desired to lie in a
 clockwise direction. The following formula is used to calculate the star balance test score:

 YDT score = (Reaching distance / Leg length) * 100 .

 10. Static Balance Evaluation Static balance will be evaluated with the "One Leg Standing
 Test (TBÜD)". This test measures static balance and static standing ability. It also provides
 information about the fall risk of the person. The time starts when the person lifts one leg
 from the ground, and ends when he puts it on the ground. The total time is recorded by the
 clinician. If the person can keep one leg up for 30 seconds, the test is terminated. If the
 position can be maintained for less than 10 seconds, the person has an imbalance, and if it
 is maintained for less than 5 seconds, it can be interpreted that there is a risk of falling
 for the person.

 11. Dynamic Balance and Physical Performance Evaluation The "Timed Get Up and Go Test" will
 be used for dynamic balance and physical performance evaluation. In this test, the
 participant should get up without holding the arms of the standard chair in which he or she
 sits, and after 3 meters of walking, he must return to the chair without touching anything.

 12. Walking Speed Assessment The 10 meter walking test will be used to evaluate the walking
 speed. The person will be asked to walk 14 meters, but the first 2 and the last 2 meters will
 not be evaluated. It will be calculated in seconds in how long a person takes this distance
 while walking normally. The time will be recorded in meters / second (m / s), provided that
 the time starts when the person's foot is at the starting line of the 2nd meter and ends when
 the 12 meter line is crossed.

 13. Dual-Task Assessment The dual task will be evaluated motor-motor and motor-cognitively
 during walking. Participants will be subjected to 6 different walks. Participants will be
 given a clear explanation about the tests before the tests and will be informed about their
 comfort. Participants will be given a trial test only once before the test.

 -  10 m Walking Test (single duty)

 -  10 m Walking Test + The task of carrying 2 glasses of water on a standard tray without
 spilling the water in the glass (motor-motor dual duty)

 -  10 m Walking Test + A task of counting 6 from any two-digit number selected by the
 clinician during the test (motor-cognitive dual task)

 -  Timed Get Up and Go Test (single task)

 -  Timed Get Up and Go Test + The task of carrying 2 glasses of water on a standard tray
 without spilling the water in the glass (motor-motor dual duty)

 -  Timed Get Up and Go Test + The task of counting 6 from any two-digit number selected by
 the clinician during the test (motor-cognitive dual task)

 During the tests, single tasks will be included for reference. The completion times of the
 motor-motor and motor-cognitive dual tasks, which are evaluated 2 in 2 each with 4 different
 walking forms, will be recorded and the result will be reached. The following calculation
 method will be used for the result:

 Dual Mission Effect = (Single Mission Performance - Dual Mission Performance) / Single
 Mission Performance x 100
Inclusion Criteria:

 Inclusion Criteria in the Study;

 1. Between the ages of 18-65,

 2. Have neck pain that lasts longer than 3 months,

 3. Volunteer patients diagnosed with chronic neck pain by a specialist,

 Inclusion criteria in the control group;

 1. Has not experienced neck pain for the last 1 year,

 2. Asymptomatic individuals between the ages of 18-65,

 Exclusion Criteria:

 The criteria for exclusion from the study;

 1. Having had cervical spine and shoulder surgery,

 2. Neck pain caused by different pathologies (tumor, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing
 spondylitis, fracture, dislocation),

 3. With cord compression and findings (L'hermitte sign is positive),

 4. Having severe radiculopathy (Upper limb tension tests are positive),

 5. Have osteoporosis,

 6. It has been identified as having shoulder pain and any shoulder pathology (Rotator
 Cuff tear, shoulder impingement syndrome, etc.).

 Exclusion criteria for the control group; 1. Those who have experienced neck pain in the
 last 1 year, 2. Different pathologies (inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, vertebral
 dislocation fracture history) 3. Previous cervical spine and shoulder surgery, 4. Those
 with advanced osteoporosis causing compression fracture, 5. Those with shoulder pathology,

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