Safety and Efficacy of Droxidopa for Fatigue in Patients With Parkinsonism
Safety and Efficacy of Droxidopa for Fatigue in Patients With Parkinsonism
The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of Droxidopa for the treatment of
 fatigue in patients with Parkinsonism by the Visual Analog Fatigue Scale (VAFS). This is a
 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial for 3 months where half the
 subjects will receive placebo and the other half will receive Droxidopa. Following this will
 be a wash-out period of 7 days and then all subjects will receive Droxidopa for 3 months
 during the open-label phase.
Parkinsonism, is a group of symptoms seen in several diseases, including Parkinson's Disease.
 In Parkinsonism, a patient may become stiff, have smaller and slower movements, develop a
 tremor (shaking of the arms or legs), have decreased facial expression, and a softer voice.

 Fatigue is a common symptom that causes suffering and stress in diseases that affect the
 brain. Over 50% of patients with Parkinsonism report fatigue as one of their top three
 symptoms that make their life more difficult. Currently, there are no evidence-based
 guidelines for treating fatigue in Parkinson's Disease, and no effective medications or
 therapeutic modalities exist for fatigue symptoms in patients with Parkinson's Disease.

 Droxidopa (also known by the trade name NORTHERA) is a safe and well tolerated medication
 which has been approved in USA for the treatment of orthostatic dizziness or light headedness
 in patients with a clinical diagnosis of symptomatic Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
 associated with primary autonomic failure (Parkinson's Disease and Multiple System Atrophy),
 Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase Deficiency, or Non Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy.

 Fatigue may be due to diminished levels of norepinephrine in Parkinson's Disease. The locus
 coeruleus, one of the major sources of norepinephrine, is affected during the preclinical
 phase of Parkinson's Disease during stage 2 of Braak pathology staging. Norepinephrine is the
 final metabolite of dopamine, therefore by adding exogenous norepinephrine, it may be
 possible to control some of the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinsonism. Norepinephrine
 is the final metabolite of droxidopa, and it is still unclear if it passes the blood-brain
 barrier. This pilot study is to measure the efficacy and safety of droxidopa in Parkinsonism
 patients with fatigue.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Age of 50 years or older.

 -  Clinical diagnosis of Parkinsons Disease or Atypical Parkinsonism (including multiple
 system atrophy (MSA), PSP)

 -  Fluent in English

 -  Reported fatigue and must have a mean VAFS score of 4 or more at baseline

 -  Written informed consent

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Inability to understand or cooperate with study procedures

 -  Alcohol or substance use disorder within the past 12 months (as per Diagnostic and
 Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria)

 -  Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding

 -  Women of childbearing potential (WOCP) as indicated by one of the following:

 -  Sustained supine hypertension greater than or equal to 180 mmHg systolic or 110 mmHg
 diastolic. Sustained is defined as the average of 3 observations each at least 10
 minutes apart with the patient having been supine and at rest for at least 5 minutes
 prior to each measurement

 -  Untreated closed angle glaucoma

 -  Diagnosis of hypertension that requires treatment with antihypertensive medications

 -  Any significant uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia

 -  History of myocardial infarction, within the past 2 years

 -  Current unstable angina

 -  Congestive heart failure (NYHA Class 3 or 4)

 -  Diabetic autonomic neuropathy

 -  History of cancer within the past 2 years other than a successfully treated,
 non-metastatic cutaneous squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma or cervical cancer in
 situ

 -  Gastrointestinal condition that may affect the absorption of Investigational Medicinal
 Product (e.g. ulcerative colitis, gastric bypass)

 -  Any major surgical procedure within 30 days prior to the first titration visit.

 -  Currently receiving any investigational drug or have received an investigational drug
 within 28 days prior to the first titration visit

 -  Any condition or laboratory test result, which in the Investigator's judgment, might
 result in an increased risk to the patient, or would affect their participation in the
 study

 -  Dementia or non-treated depression

 -  Subjects who have a mean VAFS score of less than 4 at baseline

 -  Vulnerable populations

 -  Uncontrolled intercurrent illnesses including, but not limited to severe lung disease,
 ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina
 pectoris, symptomatic cardiac arrhythmia, and situations that would limit compliance
 with study requirements will be excluded

 -  Orthostatic hypotension (OH)