Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients
Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients
This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of a newly developed FFQ specified
 for northern Chinese CHD and their high risk patients (CHD-FFQ). The psychometric properties
 include test-retest reliability, content validity, convergent validity, discriminant
 validity, concurrent validity and predictive validity. Particularly, this study will measure
 the physiological indicators, including plasma lipid profile (i.e. TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C), BG,
 BP and BMI twice at baseline and the end. The level of these physiological indicators will be
 compared with the fat intake measured by the CHD-FFQ, i.e. the baseline intake to test its
 convergent validity. It is also expected to predict the diet-related progression of CHD risks
 among high-risk individuals, i.e. patients with two or more CHD risk factors as following:
 raised fasting blood glucose (BG) level, increased blood pressure (BP), increased
 triglycerides (TG), decreased HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C), increased LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C),
 smoking and central obesity (International Diabetes Federation, 2015). In addition, this
 study will provide the FFQ's concurrent validity in assessing the intake of energy and
 nutrients against the CDC-FFQ. Moreover, whether the FFQ could detect the known differences
 in energy intake between men and women will be established for its discriminant validity.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  18 years or older;

 -  Have no CHD at enrollment;

 -  At high risk of CHD with at least two of the following risk factors:

 -  current smoking: current smokers are defined as individuals who smoked regularly
 during the last 12 months

 -  central obesity: for Chinese, central obesity is defined as waist circumstance
 above 90cm for male and 80cm for female, or with BMI above 30kg/m²

 -  raised BP (systolic BP [SBP] ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic BP [DBP] ≥85 mmHg or under
 antihypertensive treatment)

 -  raised fasting BG (FBG) (100mg/dL [5.6mmol/L]) or under treatment with insulin or
 oral hypoglycemic agents

 -  elevated TG (150mg/dL [1.7mmol/L])

 -  elevated TC (≥ 240 mg/dL [5.18 mmol/L])

 -  raised LDL-C (≥ 160 mg/dL [4.15 mmol/L])

 -  decreased HDL-C (<40 mg/dL [1.03 mmol/L] for males, and <50 mg/dL [1.29 mmol/L]
 for females)

 -  undergoing hyperlipidemia treatment

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Impaired bilateral hearing

 -  Impaired mental status (according to their medical record)