Bone Myoregulation Reflex & Presynaptic Ia Inhibition
Bone Myoregulation Reflex & Presynaptic Ia Inhibition
Hypotheses of this study are

 1. Bone myoregulation reflex (BMR) inhibits presynaptically H-reflex during whole-body
 vibration (WBV)

 2. Cooling of ankle abolishes the inhibitor effect of BMR on soleus H-reflex Aim of this
 study is to test these hypotheses.

 Methods: This study will be conducted on 10 healthy young adult males. WBV will be applied at
 35 Hz frequencies with 2 mm amplitudes. Cold pack will be applied the right ankle for 20
 minutes. The right soleus T-reflex will be recorded before WBV, during WBV, during cooling of
 the right ankle, and during WBV respectively.
Hypotheses of this study are

 1. Bone myoregulation reflex (BMR) inhibits presynaptically T-reflex during whole-body
 vibration (WBV)

 2. Cooling of ankle abolishes the inhibitor effect of BMR on soleus T-reflex Aim of this
 study is to test these hypotheses.

 Methods:

 Participants:

 Ten young, healthy and right hand dominant male adult volunteers will be included in this
 study.

 Procedure:

 Prior to the induction of WBV, control T-reflex recordings will be elicited and then the
 participants will complete a 15-s trial WBV protocol to familiarize themselves with the
 procedure. Following the control T-reflex recordings, the trial protocol and a 15-s rest, the
 participants will receive one session WBV. T-reflex will be recorded during WBV. Then, cold
 pack will be applied to the right ankle for 20 minutes. T-reflex will be recorded during the
 cooling of the ankle. Then, the participants will receive one session WBV, again. T-reflex
 will be recorded during WBV.

 A light (2.9 gr.) triaxial (x, y and z-axis) accelerometer (LIS344ALH, ECOPACK®) will be
 taped on the right Achilles tendon so that the z-axis will be perpendicular with the
 direction of the tendon (Achilles accelerometer). A custom-made reflex hammer will be used to
 tap the right Achilles tendon just caudal to the accelerometer. The intensity of tapping will
 be about 19.6 N WBV frequencies of 35 Hz will be delivered for 60 s. The vibration plate of
 WBV device (Power-Plate®Pro5, PowerPlate® International, Ltd. London, UK) oscillates with a
 linear movement upward and downward. The participants will be barefooted and stand directly
 on the vibration platform. The surface electromyography (SEMG) data will be obtained while
 the participants stand upright on the vibration platform with the knees in extension. The
 Ag/AgCl electrodes (KENDALL®Covidien) with a disc radius of 10 mm will be placed 20 mm apart
 on the right soleus muscle belly on shaved skin in accordance with the recommendations of the
 Surface ElectroMyoGraphy for the Non-Invasive Assessment of Muscles (SENIAM) project .

 The recordings of both T-reflex and WBV-IMR will be acquired using SEMG. SEMG data will be
 recorded using a PowerLAB® data acquisition system (ADInstruments, Oxford, United Kingdom)
 and the data will be analyzed offline using the LabChart7® (ver 7.3.7, ADInstruments, Oxford,
 United Kingdom) software.

 Precautions for voluntary muscle contractions and motion artifacts:

 1. the participants will be asked to use the handles of the WBV device to secure their
 balance. The sense of balance may impair during WBV. Therefore muscles may be activated
 to restore balance during WBV,

 2. before WBV trials, participants will be asked to relax and not to make voluntary
 contractions in their lower extremity muscles.

 3. a trial protocol will be applied to familiarize vibration,

 4. all cables will be carefully taped to the skin to minimize motion artifacts,

 5. all EMG recordings will be filtered to avoid WBV induced movement artifacts using a band
 pass filter from 60 to 500 Hz.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Healthy male

 -  Right-handed men

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Bone, muscle/tendon, joint, vascular, dermatologic diseases in lower extremities and
 spine

 -  Medication that could affect the musculoskeletal system

 -  Postural abnormalities (scoliosis, kyphosis, etc)

 -  Systemic diseases