Effectiveness of Triple Therapy in COPD
Effectiveness of Triple Therapy in COPD
To assess the effectiveness of maintenance treatment of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
 (COPD) with the Long-acting beta2-agonist - long-acting muscarinic antagonists-inhaled
 corticosteroids (LABA-LAMA-ICS) combination with a LABA-LAMA combination on the risk of COPD
 exacerbation and the safety on the incidence of community acquired pneumonia.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  New users of long-acting bronchodilators, Long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) and
 long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) on the same date or of LABA, LAMA and
 inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), either as a fixed-dose combination (LABA-ICS) or free
 combination, on the same date between January 2002 and December 2016.

 -  Diagnosis of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prior to first maintenance
 inhaler and age ≥ 55 years at first maintenance inhaler.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Less than one year of medical history information prior to the date of combined
 treatment initiation (study cohort entry)

 -  Asthma diagnosis prior to study cohort entry