LIPAD - LRRK2 International Parkinson's Disease Study
LIPAD - LRRK2 International Parkinson's Disease Study
The study aims to identify and systematically characterize Parkinson's patients with
 mutations in the LRRK2 gene. In about 90% of Parkinson's patients the cause of the disease is
 unclear. Based on current knowledge, it can be assumed that there are several causes and that
 the causes may be differ between patients; this makes research into the pathogenesis and
 possible therapies very difficult. In the case of monogenic Parkinson's diseases, which are
 due to changes in one gene (e.g. LRRK2), the function of the gene and possible disease
 mechanisms can be investigated. LRRK2-associated Parkinson's syndrome is clinically
 indistinguishable from idiopathic Parkinson's disease. It is inherited autosomal dominant,
 that means if one of the two gene copies is altered, the disease occurs. However, the disease
 does not occur in every mutation carrier, the penetrance is reduced and the mechanisms for
 that are still unclear. Ideally, knowledge of what influences penetrance could make it
 possible to exert targeted influence and prevent the disease. The comprehensive investigation
 of mechanisms of reduced penetrance but also of the effects of the mutation itself requires
 systematic investigations of as many affected persons as possible. We therefore aim to
 identify 4,000 people internationally, of them 1,500 with LRRK2-associated Parkinson's
 syndrome, 500 with LRRK2-mutations but without Parkinson's symptoms, 500 without mutations
 and without Parkinson's symptoms, 500 Parkinson patients with mutations in other genes than
 LRRK2 and 1,000 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease from the same populations. The
 participants will undergo a comprehensive survey on Parkinson's symptoms, concomitant
 diseases, environmental factors and medication and there is the possibility of more detailed
 genetic examinations. Participants will be asked to donate samples of blood, urine and
 household dust.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Informed consent is obtained from the participant.

 -  The participant is clinically diagnosed with Parkinson's disease or the individual is
 a family member of a participant with LRRK2 parkinsonism or is a member of a high risk
 population with an early PD onset.

 -  The participant is equal to or older than 18 years old.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Inability to provide informed consent.

 -  The participant is not suffering from Parkinson's disease or the individual is not a
 family member of a participant with LRRK2 parkinsonism or is not a member of a high
 risk population.

 -  The participant is younger than 18 years old.

 -  Previously enrolled in the study.

 -  Participant in custody.