Efficacy and Safety of Nitrofurantoin in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Adults
Efficacy and Safety of Nitrofurantoin in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Adults
The study aims to investigate bacteriological efficacy of a nitrofurantoin formulation given
 twice daily for seven days in the treatment of adult patients with microbiologically
 confirmed uncomplicated urinary tract infection.

 Additional study objectives are to evaluate clinical efficacy as well as safety and
 tolerability of the nitrofurantoin formulation.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  non-pregnant women and men aged above 18 years old

 -  presence of ≥ 2 signs or symptoms suggestive of a UTI (dysuria, urinary frequency,
 urgency, suprapubic pain) with onset 10 days before enrollment

 -  asymptomatic patients with available positive urine culture

 -  pyuria defined as positive leucocyte esterase (LE) test with any color change after
 two minutes

 -  collection of clean-voided midstream urine sample for culture and susceptibility
 testing to confirm bacteriuria

 -  normal renal function (defined as blood creatinine < 1.4 mg/100 ml)

 -  able to take oral medication on an outpatient basis

 -  written informed consent before enrollment

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  suspicion of complicated UTI (presence of fever above 38°C, flank pain, known urologic
 structural abnormality) or prostatitis

 -  negative urine dipslide results (uropathogen < 100000 CFU (colony-forming units)/mL)
 or presence of nitrofurantoin resistant isolate uropathogens or mixed cultures of more
 than two isolates

 -  symptoms of UTI within the past 4 weeks

 -  evidence of predisposing factor to UTI (e.g. calculi, stricture, primary renal disease
 like polycystic renal diseases and neurogenic bladder)

 -  medical history of anaemia, complicated diabetes mellitus, peripheral neuropathy,
 vitamin B deficiency, renal insufficiency, other significant renal, hepatic or lung
 diseases

 -  medical history of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)

 -  electrolytes disorders

 -  pregnant, breast-feeding women or not using medically accepted, effective method of
 birth control

 -  history of nitrofurantoin hypersensitivity

 -  use of systemic bacteriological agent within 48 hours before enrollment