Low Level Laser Therapy Plus Topical Clonazepam Treatment to Burning Mouth Symdrome
Low Level Laser Therapy Plus Topical Clonazepam Treatment to Burning Mouth Symdrome
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a condition that affects the oral mucosa; this is seen mainly
 in postmenopausal women. The intensity of burning and its clinical manifestations may be
 variable between patients. The etiology of the BMS is unknown, just as it is the therapeutic;
 hence the latter has not been fully accepted. Therefore, the use of low-level laser therapy
 (LLLT) and topical clonazepam have been proposed as treatment alternatives. The objective is
 to assess the effectiveness of the combination of LLLT and topical clonazepam for the
 reduction of burning symptoms. Three groups will be randomly formed: 1) the first group will
 received topical clonazepam therapy (half of a 2 mg tablet), patients in this group will be
 asked to applied it in a mouthwash type for 3 minutes and then spit it out; to the same
 group, six sessions of LLLT (Biolase 10 ©) will be applied in every second day intervals; 2)
 the second group, will received the same treatment with clonazepam and laser therapies with
 similar characteristics to the study group, but the laser will be deactivated; 3) the third
 group, will receive six sessions of LLLT (Biolase 10 ©) in every second day intervals and
 placebo tablets with similar characteristics to those of clonazepam. For all groups, both
 treatments will be received for two weeks. For the assessment of oral burning the visual
 analog scale (VAS) and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) will be used; with these
 tools we will measure how oral disorders affect daily life. The measurement scales will be
 applied at the initial assessment and at day 14th, one month, two months and three months
 post treatment. The means obtained to assess the effectiveness of the treatment will be
 compared.
The study will be carried out at the oral medicine clinic of the Division of Postgraduate
 Studies and Research of the Faculty of Dentistry of the National Autonomous University of
 Mexico, during the period of August 2019 to June 2020. This research was approved by the
 Ethics and Research Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry - Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
 Mexico. Inclusion criteria will be all patients with BMS, indistinctively of gender. The
 sample size will be 10 patients in each group, calculated using PaaS computer program with a
 power of 90.552% to reject the null hypothesis; based on the literature where an average
 difference of 4 points was obtained in the visual analogue scale from 8.0 to 4.0 with a
 standard deviation of 1.5 for the group that used laser and 3.0 for the control group, with a
 significance level of 0.05, in this calculation a number of 9 participants were obtained and
 the final group size was calculated adding a loss of 10%.

 Initially, the patient will be assessed by an oral medicine resident and professor. If
 abnormalities of the mucosa are observed during the assessment, the patient will undergo
 blood and microbiological tests or biopsy according to the suspected diagnosis; if a
 diagnosis of BMS is confirmed, the patient will be invited to be part of the study.

 Using a computer program, randomized block allocation was performed to guarantee equitable
 participation in each group. Closed envelopes will be used, each envelope will contain the
 information of which group each patient belongs to and the measurement tools (questionnaires
 EVA and OHIP-14) that will be applied at the initial moment, at 14 days, 1 month, 2 months
 and 3 months post treatment.

 On an individual basis, all patients included in the study will be explained how to use and
 apply topical clonazepam or placebo tablets, which the patient must suck for 3 minutes
 periods, after their meals, trying to pass it through all the oral areas; the treatment must
 not be swallowed nor be placed exclusively under the tongue; to later spit out the leftovers.
 The tablets corresponding to the days between each laser application will be delivered and
 the application maneuvers of topical clonazepam or placebo will be evaluated on the morning
 of the application of the laser treatment, the corresponding observations will be made if
 necessary. A form with the instructions will be delivered.

 Patients will be applied Biolase brand InGaAsp diode laser, wavelength 940 nm, tip 400 um,
 with applications in 10 sites in the oral cavity [lateral of tongue (2 sites), jugal mucosa,
 lower lip and floor of the mouth) bilaterally at a distance of 15 mm, 10 seconds per point,
 15 joules each poit. If the patient reports other specific places where he perceives burning
 symptoms, it will be applied at the site and the information will be collected for inclusion
 in the results. Sham laser group will be applying laser inactive therapy with the same
 specifications. They will carry out 6 sessions, for the same 2 weeks that the topical
 treatment will last.

 This research is in according with the regulations of the general health law regarding health
 research and is at greater than minimum risk.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Burning mouth sensation without oral lesions that could be involved with painful
 symptoms

 -  Symtoms of burning sensation more than 3 months

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Patients who are under antineoplastic treatment or with a history of malignant
 neoplasms of the head and neck

 -  Active treatment with benzodiazepines or systemic antidepressants

 -  Pregnant women

 -  Patients unable to follow the indications for administration of oral topical
 medications

 -  Unstimulated saliva production ≤ 0,1 mililiters/minute

 -  Sistemic diseases that can produce burning sensation