Surgical Intervention of Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations and Fistulas
Surgical Intervention of Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations and Fistulas
Spinal arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex
 neurosurgical lesions that are very challenging to manage. Spinal vascular malformations
 account for 3%-4% of all intradural spinal cord mass lesions. Over the last few decades our
 understanding of these lesions has dramatically increased thanks to neuroimaging technology
 (e.g. spinal angiography and indocyanine green angiography). Various treatment modalities
 including conservative observation, endovascular embolization, microsurgical resection,
 radiation therapy, and combined therapies have been reported. The treatment for these AVMs
 and AVFs depends on their location, the type of malformation, the area of the spine involved,
 and the condition of the patient at the time of treatment. Due to the rarity of these spinal
 vascular lesions, reports of their management and outcomes have been limited to small series
 and case reports. And the rates of obliteration and outcomes are not satisfactory, especially
 the spinal AVMs. Spinal vascular lesions are rare but represent a formidable challenge for
 the treating neurosurgeon.The purpose of this study is to establish multimodality treatment
 mode and evaluate the anatomical cure rate and functional preservation rate.
This is a multicenter, prospective, observational, registration study. There are nine centers
 involved in the study. The investigators set up a more detailed classification system for
 spinal vascular malformations. In accordance with inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria,
 this cohort study will include 380 samples in the study period of three years. According to
 the spinal angiography, the correct diagnosis and treatment strategy will be made. The
 minimally invasive surgical treatment methods and new techniques will be adopted such as
 spinal superselective angiography, preoperative embolization, intraoperative
 electrophysiological monitoring, intraoperative angiography, etc. All the enrolled patients
 will be visited a total of four times, postoperative day 1 and postoperative day 7, followed
 up postoperative 3 months and 12 months. The anatomical cure rate and spinal cord function
 will be assessed objectively. All data will be recorded in the network database platform.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  patient diagnosed with spinal vascular diseases including

 -  intradural arteriovenous malformation,

 -  intradural arteriovenous fistula,

 -  dural arteriovenous fistula,

 -  extradural arteriovenous malformation,

 -  paravertebral arteriovenous malformation,

 -  paravertebral arteriovenous fistula,

 -  cobbs' syndrome,

 -  other spinal arteriovenous metameric syndromes involve the spinal cord.

 -  patient not received surgical or interventional treatment before

 -  patient with normal cardiac, renal and hepatic function

 -  patient capable of understanding the content of the patient information / Informed
 Consent Form

 -  patient willing and able to participate in the registry

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  patient received surgical treatment or interventional treatment before

 -  patient is pregnant

 -  patient allergic to iodine

 -  patient unable to complete follow-up

 -  patient with cerebral lesions

 -  patient with other spinal lesions

 -  patient with cardiac, renal or hepatic dysfunction