Assessment of the Impact of Type of Probiotic, Delivery Type and Feeding Type on Baby's Microbiota After Dysbiotic Delivery
Assessment of the Impact of Type of Probiotic, Delivery Type and Feeding Type on Baby's Microbiota After Dysbiotic Delivery
This study aims to determine the effect of three factors (delivery type, feeding type and the
 use of two different dietary supplements) on rebiosis after disbiotic delivery. This is a
 randomized, single-blinded study with two parallel arms. Group 1 will receive L. reuteri
 (10^8 CFU) once a day, group 2 will receive B. longum and P. Pentosaceus (10^9 CFU) once a
 day.
Gut colonization during the first days of life represents the start of the infant's own
 microbiota. This process is influenced by different factors: delivery type, feeding type,
 antibiotic treatment, etc. On the one hand, vaginally delivered babies are in contact with
 mother's vaginal and faecal microbiota. This fact will drive a neonatal gut colonization
 composed of vagina-associated bacteria. In contrast, babies born by C-section are more
 susceptible to be colonized by microorganisms present in the mother's skin. On the other
 hand, antibiotic administration during vaginal delivery also produces alterations in the
 vaginal microbiota of the mother. Described scenarios have been correlated to immunological
 and metabolic diseases such as asthma, allergies, diabetes or obesity. Moreover, disbiosis
 has also been associated to functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) in babies such as
 infant colic and functional constipation. After a disbiotic delivery, medical doctors usually
 recommend the use of probiotics to prevent rebiosis. Since the probiotics.

 L. reuteri, and B. longum and P. Pentosaceus have shown efficacy on FGID amelioration in
 previously published articles, these two probiotics were selected for the present study. All
 together, this study aims to characterize the role of three different parameters: type of
 probiotic, delivery type and feeding type.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Healthy infants in their first week of life

 -  Infants with adequate weight according to the gestational age.

 -  Infants born by vaginal delivery whose mother was given antimicrobial prophylaxis or
 infants born by C-section.

 -  Gestational birth equal or greater than 37 weeks.

 -  Exclusive or almost exclusive breastfeeding - understanding almost exclusive the one
 in which there is a maximum of one formula dose per day - or mixt breastfeeding, the
 one in which there are more than one formula dose per day.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Infants with smoker mother during pregnancy and after delivery.

 -  Infants whose parents cannot follow the study requirements

 -  Infants who have suffered neonatal admission or have suffered or suffer necrotizing
 enterocolitis, infectious disease, congenital malformation, short bowel syndrome or
 any serious illness.

 -  Infants who have taken probiotics before the start of the trial or who take formula
 with probiotics.

 -  Breast-fed infants whose mothers have taken probiotics within the two weeks before
 study inclusion.

 -  Infants who ingest special formulas as extensively hydrolysed formulas.

 -  Breast-fed infants whose mothers have excluded dairy products and egg products in
 their diet during breastfeeding

 -  Infants who take specific medication for the treatment of functional digestive
 disorders: antacids (type IBP or H2 blockers), laxatives (PEG, lactulose, magnesia),
 lactase and simethicone at the time of inclusion.

 -  Infants undergoing therapies with acupuncture, homeopathy, medicinal herbs,
 anti-inflammatories and antispasmodics at the time of inclusion.