Can Caudal Dexmedetomidine Prevents Sevoflurane Induced Emergence Agitation in Children
Can Caudal Dexmedetomidine Prevents Sevoflurane Induced Emergence Agitation in Children
Emergence agitation (EA) is common phenomenon in pediatric patients undergoing general
 anesthesia by inhalation agents. The incidence of EA was reported to range from 18% to 80%.
 Sevoflurane now is the inhalational anesthetic agent of choice for pediatrics, Different
 strategies have been suggested to decrease the incidence and severity of EA. No gold standard
 technique for treating EA after sevoflurane anesthesia is currently available. The main
 question is can caudal dexmedetomidine be used for this purpose?
The purpose of this prospective comparative randomized clinical study will be to compare the
 effects of caudal dexmedetomidine on EA in children undergoing lower abdominal operations
 under general sevoflurane anesthesia. In addition, characteristics of anesthesia recovery and
 incidence of adverse effects will be compare. A total of (48) children aged 1-5 years old,
 The American society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system between
 I-II of both sex who will be enrolled from April 2016 to April 2017 undergoing for lower
 abdominal surgeries will be included in the study. Patients will be randomized by
 computer-generated random numbers in a double blinded fashion to get enrolled into 2 equal
 groups: Group BD patients (n = 24) will be received single dose caudal epidural analgesia
 using dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine, whereas Group B patients (n = 24) will be received
 single dose caudal epidural analgesia with bupivacaine only. The dexmedetomidine used for
 this study will be prepared in a 1 ml syringe wrapped in aluminum foil by an investigator who
 will not be involved in the anesthesia process and another 1 ml syringe filled with saline
 will be prepared too.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Children aged 1-5 years old,

 -  The American society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system
 between I-II of both sex who will be enrolled from March 2015 to March 2016 undergoing
 for lower abdominal surgeries, e.g., hernia and perineal surgeries, e.g., undescended
 testis and hypospadius will be included in the study.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  mental retardation, developmental delay, known allergy to any of the study drugs,
 congenital anomalies of spine, neurological or psychiatric illness that may be
 associated with improper communication, any signs of local infection in the sacrum
 region, any kind of cardiac conduction disorder, bleeding disorders, any previous
 cardiovascular disease and parental refusal.