The Effect of Probiotics on the Frequency and Intensity of Migraine Attacks and Intestinal Permeability
The Effect of Probiotics on the Frequency and Intensity of Migraine Attacks and Intestinal Permeability
RATIONALE: The prevalence of migraine is higher in patients with various intestinal diseases.
 An explanation could be that migraine is caused by a 'leaky gut': an increased intestinal
 permeability that allows food particles to pass the gastrointestinal wall. Probiotics may be
 able to improve intestinal barrier function.

 OBJECTIVE: To test whether probiotics, as adjuvant therapy, can reduce incidence and severity
 of migraine attacks by reducing intestinal permeability.

 STUDY DESIGN: 12-week placebo-controlled randomized double-blind intervention with selected
 probiotics.

 STUDY POPULATION: Adults who experience at least 4 migraine attacks per month. INTERVENTION:
 Subjects will receive either one daily dose of 2 g of Ecologic® Barrier or 2 grams of the
 placebo, containing only the carrier material (both provided by Winclove Probiotics).

 MAIN STUDY PARAMETERS/ENDPOINTS: Incidence and severity of migraine attacks, measured by
 diaries and validated headache questionnaires will be measured at baseline and after 4, 8,
 and 12 weeks of probiotic/placebo administration. Secondary, intestinal permeability will be
 measured by the lactulose/mannitol absorption test in urine (screening, baseline and 12
 weeks) and by fecal zonulin (baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks). Inflammation will be assessed
 from blood C-reactive protein and cytokine concentrations (baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks).
 Fecal samples will also be used for microbial analysis.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Subjects confirm to have migraine characterized by :

 -  Recurrent attacks of moderate to severe headaches, often one-sided and pounding,
 often with nausea and/or vomiting, aggravated by physical activity

 -  Sensitivity for light or sounds is possible but not exclusive.

 -  Attacks last for 4 to 72 hours.

 -  Self-reported frequency of migraine attacks (or days) at least 4 per month

 -  Fairly predictable/stable pattern of migraine attacks (frequency, duration, intensity)

 -  Age ≥ 18 years

 -  Good overall health (self-reported in medical questionnaire)

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Migraine patients who suffer from chronic daily migraine/headaches

 -  Migraine patients who suffer from medication-dependent headaches

 -  Subjects who suffer from cluster headache or tension-type headaches

 -  Subjects who used antibiotics up to two months before the start of the study

 -  Subjects who are unwilling to stop taking probiotics other than study products

 -  Patients with a chronic use of non steroid anti inflammatory drugs (because of
 increased gut permeability)

 -  Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (because of increased gut permeability)

 -  Pregnancy or lactation (because of their possible effect on migraine incidence)