Annuloplasty for Not-Severe TR in Patients Undergoing MV Repair Versus Mitral Repair Only (NOSTRUM)
Annuloplasty for Not-Severe TR in Patients Undergoing MV Repair Versus Mitral Repair Only (NOSTRUM)
The surgical treatment of less than severe (≤2+/4+) functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR)
 in patient undergoing mitral valve surgery, is still controversial: some observational
 studies have suggested that performing tricuspid annuloplasty in patients undergoing mitral
 valve surgery with a dilated tricuspid annulus, and TR≤2+ may provide a clinical benefit,
 while in other observational studies such benefit has not been documented.

 The ESC Guidelines assign the class IIa recommendation for surgical treatment in patients
 with tricuspid regurgitation ≤2+ and a dilated annulus, if surgery is concomitant to the
 repair or replacement of the mitral valve. However the level of evidence C (expert opinion)
 confirms the absence of clear scientific evidence to support this recommendation.

 It is therefore very important to carry out randomized trials designed to really prove the
 supposed efficacy of prophylactic tricuspid annuloplasty, especially in patients with
 degenerative etiology where the data are particularly controversial.

 The aim of the study will be to establish the effectiveness of the tricuspid annuloplasty in
 the early stage of TR. The investigators enrolled patients with TR≤2+ and annular dilation
 undergoing mitral valve repair.

 Primary end-point will be the freedom from recurrence of TR≥3+ and from progression of 2
 degrees of TR compared to pre-operative, at discharge and 12 months after surgery, assessment
 by transthoracic echocardiography. Secondary endpoints are to demonstrate the superiority of
 combined treatment (M & T Repair Group) compared to single treatment (Mitral-Only Group) at 5
 and 10 years after surgery.

 This will be an experimental superiority, prospective, spontaneous, multicenter, randomized
 trial.

 Patients will be randomly assigned to two parallel arms with an allocation ratio 1:1
 stratified by center, to receive mitral repair only (Mitral-Only group) or both mitral and
 tricuspid repair (M & T Repair group).
Current guidelines recommend surgical treatment of secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in
 patients with mild or moderate TR undergoing mitral valve (MV) surgery if significant
 dilatation of the tricuspid annulus is documented. Indeed, several observational series and
 small randomized studies have shown that in the presence of tricuspid annulus dilatation, not
 treating less than severe secondary TR may lead to progression of the tricuspid disease
 despite correction of the associated left-sided lesion.

 However, the level of evidence C (expert opinion) confirms the absence of clear scientific
 evidence to support this recommendation.

 It is therefore very important to carry out randomized trials designed to really prove the
 supposed efficacy of prophylactic tricuspid annuloplasty, especially in patients with
 degenerative etiology where the data are particularly controversial.

 The aim of the study will be to establish the effectiveness of the tricuspid annuloplasty in
 the early stage. The investigators enrolled patient with TR≤2+ and annular dilation
 undergoing mitral valve repair.

 This will be a multicenter single-blind parallel group randomized controlled trial. Patients
 will be randomly assigned to two parallel arms with an allocation ratio 1:1, to receive one
 of two surgical procedures. Patients that will match the inclusion criteria at the
 preoperative evaluation will be recruited.

 Patient will be randomized according to a computer-generated list of casual numbers.
 Information about patient allocation will be kept in closed opaque envelopes and nobody will
 know patient allocation before randomization. Patients will be blind to allocation.

 The day of surgery patients will be subsequently randomized into two arms with an allocation
 ratio 1:1 stratified by center, to receive:

 1. M & T Repair Group

 2. Mitral-Only Group Each group will consist of 71 patients. All patients will receive the
 mitral valve repair and in patients enrolled in the M & T Repair Group an Edwards MC3
 Tricuspid ring will be implanted.

 Primary end-point will be the freedom from recurrence of TR≥3+ and from progression of 2
 degrees of TR compared to pre-operative, at discharge and 12 months after surgery, assessment
 by transthoracic echocardiography. Secondary endpoints are to demonstrate the superiority of
 combined treatment (M & T Repair Group) compared to single treatment (Mitral-Only Group) at 5
 and 10 years after surgery.

 For statistical analysis the data will be expressed as "average ± standard deviation" or as
 percentage. A "probability value" less than 0.05 will be considered as "statistically
 significant." Outcomes will be compared using the "X2" analysis for categorical variables and
 the "t-test" for the continuous onces. The data will be analyzed using SPSS version 11.5
 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) for Windows (Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA). Survival and freedom
 from reoperation, freedom from TR≥3+ or from a progression of TR of at least 2 grades (as
 compared to baseline), will be analyzed by the method of Kaplan-Meier. The analysis
 "univariate" and possibly "multivariate" of risk factors will be performed with "Cox
 proportional hazards regression".

 The Fine and Gray model will be used in a "competing risk analysis" for "time to TR ≥ 3+/4+"
 and "time to TR progression of at least 2 grades compared to baseline" considering the death
 event as competitive risk.

 In addition, estimates of the respective cumulative incidence (CIF) of these events in the 2
 groups will be compared to determine the impact on such endpoints of the execution or
 non-execution of tricuspid anuloplasty.

 The aim of the study is to demonstrate the superiority of combined mitral and tricuspid
 treatment (M & T Repair) compared to isolated mitral repair (Mitral-Only Group) in the
 enrolled patients.

 The primary end-point is to demonstrate that, at 1 year of follow-up, the recurrence of TR≥3+
 or the progression of TR of at least 2 degrees (compared to baseline) occurs in less than 1%
 of the patients undergoing both mitral e tricuspid repair (M & T Repair Group). The expected
 rate for the Mitral-Only group is 15%. (Power = 80%, alpha = 0.05, Number of Patients per
 group = 71).

 Secondary endpoints are to demonstrate the superiority of the combined treatment (M & T
 Repair Group) compared to the single treatment (Mitral-Only Group) at 5 and 10 years after
 surgery.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  age > 18 years;

 -  ability to provide informed consent;

 -  patients scheduled for mitral valve regurgitation

 -  TR ≤ 2+ with annular dilation

 -  Tricuspid diastolic diameter ≥ 40 mm or 21 mm/m2

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  patient's refusal

 -  non-elective cardiac surgery;

 -  organic disease of tricuspid valve

 -  TR≥3