Effect of Designated Education Session on Patellofemoral Pain
Effect of Designated Education Session on Patellofemoral Pain
Feasibility study: Does a designated education session change levels of catastrophizing,
 kinesiophobia and pain beliefs in patients with patellofemoral pain? Design: Single site
 feasibility Study Aim: Aims are to identify if a formal education session (intervention)
 improves patient outcomes and to assess if it is possible to test the intervention for
 efficacy in a larger study.

 Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure is the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome
 Score-Patellofemoral) KOOS-PF. The original KOOS consists of 5 subscales; Pain, other
 Symptoms, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Function in sport and recreation (Sport/Rec) and
 knee related Quality of Life (QOL). The KOOS-PF was developed to evaluate individuals or
 samples of individuals who present with anterior knee pain/patellofemoral pain and/or
 patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA), or who are at risk of developing patellofemoral pain or
 OA.

 Secondary Outcome Measures are Pain Catastrophizing Scale and The Tampa Scale for
 Kinesiophobia.

 Patients who are eligible for inclusion in the study will be identified from the
 Musculoskeletal Clinical Assessment Service (MCAS) by Band 6's and 7's and approved by a Band
 8 Physiotherapist the South Liverpool Treatment Centre.

 Intervention: The intervention will comprise a 1:1, 30 minute education session delivered by
 a specialist musculoskeletal physiotherapist with over ten years' experience who has an
 interest in patellofemoral pain.

 The education session will be based on a schedule formed from the most recent research on
 patellofemoral pain PFP which considers psychosocial factors (Robertson et al 2017). Crepitus
 is a word used to describe any grinding, creaking, cracking, grating, crunching or popping
 that occurs when the patellofemoral joint moves (Robertson et al 2017). The psychological
 factors, specifically patients' beliefs about crepitus, avoiding crepitus and the influence
 of others will be discussed.

 The intervention will be supported by the leaflet 'managing my patellofemoral pain' developed
 by Barton and Rathleff (2016) on the basis of international opinion from 21 international
 experts and subsequent review by 20 patients diagnosed with PFP to ensure clarity.

 Duration: Within the time constraints of a Masters Degree, patients will be recruited over a
 four month period. There will be four months for follow up and a further four months for
 write up, total study duration 12 months.
Design: A feasibility study to assess if a physiotherapy education session in addition to
 standard care improves patients scores regarding catastrophizing and kinesiophobia when
 measured by KOOS-PF, Pain Catastrophizing Scale and Tampa Scale

 Objectives:

 1. To assess if providing a specific education session which reviews patients beliefs about
 crepitus, causes of pain, joint mechanics and purpose of exercise has an effect on
 catastrophizing and kinesiophobia.

 2. To identify if the study is feasible on a larger scale, which would allow the
 intervention to be assessed for efficacy. If a future study was able to demonstrate that
 the intervention was effective this would provide an additional evidence based
 intervention for use in clinical practice.

 Recruitment: NHS patients diagnosed in a Musculoskeletal Clinical Assessment Service [MCAS]
 with patellofemoral pain at the South Liverpool Treatment Centre.

 Inclusion criteria:

 -  Adults aged 18-40

 -  Be able to understand and converse in English

 -  Clinical diagnosis of PFP

 -  Be able to attend for up-to 12 weeks of physiotherapy

 Exclusion criteria:

 -  Patients who present with referred pain from the spine or hip, or have tibiofemoral
 pathology of any nature on the ipsilateral side.

 -  A diagnosis of patellofemoral joint (PFJ) OA as confirmed by X-Ray or Magnetic Resonance
 Imaging (MRI).

 Sample size: There is limited published research regarding the use of the questionnaire
 KOOS-PF in research. As a result it is not possible to do a definitive study to test whether
 or not the education session effects patient outcome. Therefore it is necessary to do a
 feasibility study with a small sample size of 24 patients (control n=12, intervention n=12)
 which will allow any change in the questionnaire scores to be used to calculate how many
 patients would be needed for a definitive study which would allow researchers to assess
 whether or not the exercise intervention affected patient outcome, which could improve
 patient care. The research team are confident that the required number of patients could be
 recruited as audit data from the service identified that 104 patients in the MCAS service met
 the criteria for inclusion in this proposed study.

 Baseline measures: Participants' characteristics including age, gender and duration of
 symptoms will be collected alongside baseline measures for the chosen questionnaires - the
 KOOS-PF, Tampa-scale for Kinesiophobia and Pain Catastrophizing. These questionnaires will be
 repeated at 12 weeks.

 Intervention: Patients recruited into the study will be randomised to either the intervention
 (n=12) or the control group (n=12). Participants in the control group will undergo standard
 treatment.

 The intervention: Participants in the intervention group will receive standard treatment plus
 the education session.

 The education session will be based on a leaflet produced by other leading researchers in the
 field and will also explore the causes of pain, beliefs about pain, beliefs about noise that
 come from the joint, the impact of the pain on activity and the influence of other family
 members' experience and beliefs about knee pain. At 12 weeks, participants from both groups
 will be asked to repeat the questionnaires.

 Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistical analysis will be performed on the data and the
 lead researcher will work with the statistics department at MMU to review the change in the
 chosen questionnaires to identify the sample size required for a definitive study which will
 assess how effective the education session is on patients' symptoms of PFP.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Adults aged 18-40

 -  Be able to understand and converse in English

 -  Clinical diagnosis of PFPS

 -  Be able to attend for up-to 12 weeks of physiotherapy

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Patients who present with referred pain from the spine or hip, or have tibiofemoral
 pathology of any nature on the ipsilateral side.

 -  A diagnosis of PFJ osteoarthritis as confirmed by X-Ray or MRI.