Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation in Intermediate Risk Patients
Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation in Intermediate Risk Patients
The main objective of this project is to determine intermediate-term echocardiographic
 outcomes in Medicare eligible patients (65 years of age and older) with moderate surgical
 risk who have undergone mitral valve surgery for degenerative mitral regurgitation.
Severe mitral regurgitation is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Mitral
 valve surgical repair has proven to be an effective and durable option in the treatment of
 symptomatic degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR).

 Echocardiography remains a cornerstone in the evaluation of patients with degenerative (Type
 II) mitral regurgitation allowing for assessment of mitral anatomy, quantification of
 regurgitant severity, assessment of biventricular function, non-invasive measurement of
 pulmonary artery systolic pressures and identifying the presence of other valvular disease.
 The AHA/ACC Valvular Heart Disease Guidelines recommend the use of exercise echocardiography
 in the setting of mitral regurgitation to determine the degree of mitral regurgitation and
 pulmonary artery systolic pressures pre and post exercise in addition to an objective
 determination of the symptoms and exercise capacity.

 Echocardiography (both resting and exercise modalities) is helpful in the post-mitral valve
 repair period in the assessment of the mitral valve gradient and recurrent mitral
 regurgitation. Symptomatic MR patients can have poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL)
 which improves and / or returns to comparable age-adjusted norms for reference populations
 after mitral valve repair or replacement.

 To date, there is limited assessment of the degree of mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis,
 and exercise capacity following both surgical and percutaneous mitral valve intervention as
 measured by exercise echocardiography. We propose that this modality with the addition of
 novel imaging technologies will provide a robust avenue for the assessment of these patients
 longitudinally. Additionally, assessment of HRQOL, including both the physical and mental
 health domains, will provide important information with which to guide patient care after
 mitral valve surgery.
Inclusion Criteria:

 1. Prior surgery for degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) at Northwestern Memorial
 Hospital performed by a single surgeon.

 2. Male and female ≥ 65 years of age at time of index procedure.

 3. Mitral Valve surgery performed > 6 months and <36 months at the time of consent.
 Concomitant procedures at time of index procedure may include incidental CAB, MAZE and
 tricuspid valve surgery.

 4. STS (Society of Thoracic Surgeons) mortality risk score of ≥ 2 and < 6 for mitral
 valve repair or ≥ 2 and < 8 for mitral valve replacement at time of index procedure.

 5. Able to speak, read, and understand English

 Exclusion Criteria:

 1. Pre-operative tricuspid regurgitation of 4+ (severe) at time of index procedure.

 2. Severe RV Dysfunction.

 3. Contraindication to exercise testing (i.e., Uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias causing
 symptoms or hemodynamic compromise, symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, uncontrolled
 symptomatic heart failure, etc.).

 4. Unable to perform an exercise test due to clinical criteria such oxygen dependency,
 neuromuscular limitations, NYHA class 4, unstable angina, and postural hypotension.

 5. Surgical or interventional cardiac procedure or other intervention since the index
 procedure that in the opinion of the Investigator may confound data analysis.

 6. Left ventricular ejection fraction <30%.

 7. Subjects unwilling or unable to give written informed consent.