Occult Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Detection by Pulsated Carboxymetry in an Emergency Department
Occult Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Detection by Pulsated Carboxymetry in an Emergency Department
In France, the carbon monoxide is one of the first causes of the accidental poisonings with
 approximately 8000 cases a year, among which 500 deaths.

 The severe forms are translated by neurological disorders even a coma or the death straight
 away. The more insidious forms with a little carboxyhémoglobine level give rise to frustrate
 clinical pictures, mimicking flu or intestinal syndromes. The syndrome post--intervallaire
 corresponds to the appearance of remote neuropsychiatric disorders of the poisoning. Its
 appearance and its gravity are not correlated in the gravity of the initial poisoning,
 however the precocity of the treatment tends to decrease its frequency.

 Carbon monoxide elimination is made under unchanged form in the expired air. In a spontaneous
 way, the half-life in ambient air is of the order of 4 hours. In ventilation in isobaric pure
 oxygen, the half-life is shortened at 80 minutes and in hyperbaric oxygen at 23 minutes.

 This imposes a fast diagnosis for two reasons:

 -  For poisonings with low level, the more the investigators wait to measure the
 carboxyhémoglobine (HBCO), the more they risk not to detect it.

 -  The oxygen therapy decreases the duration of the poisoning and thus the tissular
 suffering.

 Actually the risk is important to pass next to the diagnosis and to let leave a patient
 without adapted care and without technical intervention to eliminate the source of the
 poisoning.

 Presently, to make the diagnosis, the investigators possess the analysis of the blood HbCO by
 realization of gas of the venous blood, which are taken in emergencies, but very often a few
 hours after the end of the exposure at the source of poisoning, what is translated by a
 disappearance of the symptoms and an underestimate of the initial blood HbCO. Since 2005,
 MASIMO laboratory commercialize a pulse carboxymètre, the RAD 57, which allows to estimate
 the carboxyhémoglobinémie in a not invasive way.

 Lot of studies showed the interest of its use in the early screening of carbon monoxide
 poisonings, allowing a faster dosage of the blood HbCO, and thus an also faster adapted care.
Inclusion Criteria:

 Patients over 18 years old consult in ED for :

 -  cephalalgia

 -  syncope

 -  weakness

 -  nausea

 -  vomiting

 -  asthenia

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  temperature over 38.5 °C