Evaluation of MRI Sequences for Ultra-rapid Acquisition of Bile Ducts Images
Evaluation of MRI Sequences for Ultra-rapid Acquisition of Bile Ducts Images
The Institute of Imaged-Guided Surgery (IHU Strasbourg) has two clinical Magnetic Resonance
 Imaging (MRI) scanners, one with a 3T (3 Teslas) magnetic field used for diagnosis, the other
 with a magnetic field of 1,5T (1,5 Teslas) used for the interventional (Pre / per /
 postoperative).

 The reference for the visualization of the biliary and pancreatic ducts is a relatively long
 sequence that needs a breathing-synchronized acquisition leading to artefacts on the images
 (blur effect).

 In order to reduce and/or standardize the acquisition time as well as to limit artefacts,
 accelerated sequences are developed. Such sequence is available in France recently in the
 form of WIP Siemens (Work In Progress: sequence in test phase at manufacturer to be marketed
 in the short or medium term on clinical machines). It incorporates a Compressed Sensing (CS)
 acquisition scheme allowing the acquisition of a 3D (3 dimensions) sequence similar to the
 usual sequence by drastically reducing the acquisition time, the sequence CS-SPACE. This
 sequence exists in two forms:

 -  An ultra-rapid sequence acquired in apnea

 -  An accelerated sequence but remaining synchronized with the breath. The study carried
 out here on a large number of patients, with two different magnetic fields, applied
 routinely for diagnosis or anticipation of surgery, could be used by the community of
 radiologists, hepatogastroenterologists and also digestive surgeons Hepatobiliary.
The Institute of Imaged-Guided Surgery (IHU Strasbourg) has two clinical MRIs, one with a 3T
 (Teslas) magnetic field used for diagnosis, the other with a magnetic field of 1,5T (Teslas)
 used for the interventional (Pre / per / postoperative).

 Cholangiopancreatography by MRI (or bili-MRI) accounts for about 25% of MRI examinations at
 the IHU and is used for the diagnosis of pathologies affecting the bile ducts (lithiasis
 pathology, cholangitis, tumoral pathology of the bile ducts) and the pancreas (search for a
 causal pathology to pancreatitis (calculus), ductal pathology, ductal study in tumor
 pathology). It can be done in preoperative context (cholecystectomy) for research of an
 associated calculus in the bile ducts, or for an anatomical analysis of the bile ducts
 (possible anatomical variants ...).

 The reference for the visualization of the biliary and pancreatic ducts is a very heavily
 weighted T2 3D SPACE sequence. A 3D volume is obtained in which they appear in white, and the
 projection of this volume makes it possible to visualize the entire tract. This sequence is
 relatively long and needs a breathing-synchronized acquisition. The time of acquisition is
 then very variable from one patient to another (4 to 8 minutes). This extended acquisition
 time in addition to the variability of rhythm and respiratory profile can lead to artefacts
 on the images (blur effect). These are the limits of the respiratory synchronization that
 triggers acquisition by referring to the position of the liver dome which is not perfectly
 reproducible from a breathing cycle to the other, potentially degrading the appearance of the
 bile ducts and the reliability of the diagnosis.

 A solution that makes it possible to reduce and / or standardize the acquisition time as well
 as to limit artefacts is to use an accelerated sequence. Such a sequence is available in
 France recently in the form of WIP Siemens (Work In Progress: sequence in test phase at
 manufacturer to be marketed in the short or medium term on clinical machines). It
 incorporates a Compressed Sensing (CS) acquisition scheme allowing the acquisition of a 3D
 sequence similar to the usual sequence by drastically reducing the acquisition time, the
 sequence CS-SPACE. This sequence exists in two forms:

 -  An ultra-rapid sequence acquired in apnea

 -  An accelerated sequence but remaining synchronized with the breath. This sequence has
 been shown to provide comparable, if not better, results to those obtained with the
 usual sequence in terms of image quality and visualization of structures, but these
 results were only obtained at 3T and for a reduced cohort of patients.

 A lot of work is done today in the field of MRI to reduce the time of sequence acquisition.
 Accelerated acquisition schemes like Compressed Sensing remain marginal but are set to become
 the norm in the long term. The use of the sequence CS-SPACE at the IHU therefore enters into
 this perspective of reducing examination times.

 The study carried out here on a large number of patients, with two different magnetic fields,
 applied routinely for diagnosis or anticipation of surgery, could be used by the community of
 radiologists, hepatogastroenterologists and also digestive surgeons Hepatobiliary.
Inclusion Criteria:

 1. Male or female over 18 years old

 2. Patient for whom MRI is required for the diagnosis or follow-up of a pathology

 3. Patient able to receive and understand information related to the study and give
 written informed consent

 4. Patient affiliated to the French social security system

 Exclusion Criteria:

 1. Patient with contraindications to MRI:

 -  pacemaker or automatic defibrillator, pump

 -  implanted

 -  auditory, anal, painkiller neurostimulator, etc ...

 -  ferromagnetic bodies in soft tissues, body

 -  intraocular foreigners, cerebrovascular clips

 -  claustrophobia

 2. Patient presenting, in the judgment of the investigator, an illness that may prevent
 participation in the procedures provided by the study

 3. Patient who has been operated urgently

 4. Pregnant or lactating patient

 5. Patient in exclusion period (determined by a previous or a current study)

 6. Patient under the protection of justice

 7. Patient under guardianship or trusteeship

 8. Patient subject to a legal protection measure or out of state to express their consent

 9. Patient in a situation of social fragility

 A patient may be excluded at the end of the examination if at least one of the three
 sequences of bili-MRI could not be obtained (apnea impossible, image reconstruction
 problem).