Nano-Ceramic Coating for Laparoscope Lens
Nano-Ceramic Coating for Laparoscope Lens
The investigator tests the effectiveness of nano-ceramic coating when applied (painted) on
 laparoscope lens to protect it from fogging or smearing during laparoscopic operations
A Ceramic Coating is a liquid polymer that is applied by hand to surfaces to make them
 resistant to scratching, staining, rust or oxidation, as well as "hydrophilic", meaning that
 water or mud doesn't stick to them and so, they become much easier to clean. It was publicly
 commercialized in recent years for use on automobiles to preserve their gloss, protect their
 paint, preserve the clarity of their wind shields and headlights so as to provide better
 lighting and vision.

 On the other hand, lens fogging and other vision-obstructing events during laparoscopic or
 endoscopic operations(e.g. being smeared by blood or other body fluids during operation, or
 having a piece of loose tissue stick to its surface that require manual removal and wiping)
 have been an ever-lasting concern for operators ever since the advent of the respective
 devices. Many techniques and methods have developed, tested and compared regarding their
 effectiveness in protecting the lens from such events and preserving vision clear and
 uninterrupted during operations. Examples of such methods are (scope warmers, FREDTM,
 ResoclearTM, chlorhexidine, betadine and immersion in heated saline.

 In this study the investigator seeks to apply the idea of nano-ceramic coating as a new
 technique for achieving that goal. to the investigator's best knowledge, this idea was never
 conceived or tested in the field before.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Any patient requiring laparoscopic operation

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Any intra-operative event or obstacle that requires conversion to open surgery