Impact of Ceftriaxone and/or Fluoroquinolone (FQ) Treatment on the Gut Microbiota of Hospitalized Patients.
Impact of Ceftriaxone and/or Fluoroquinolone (FQ) Treatment on the Gut Microbiota of Hospitalized Patients.
Observational study of the effects of antibiotics on commensal flora. Realization of stool
 samples and nasal swabs before and after antibiotic therapy.
The emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolone (FQ) and is a major problem worldwide. The
 commensal flora is the main reservoir for antibiotic resistance. Understanding the factors
 (environmental, patient-related, dosis-related, drug-related…) involved in the emergence of
 resistance to fluoroquinolones in the commensal flora of patients treated with a FQ, may help
 prevent it and preserve the efficiency of these important antibiotics. Samples of digestive
 flora will be collected from hospitalized patients before receiving a FQ or Ceftriaxone, at
 the end of the treatment and 3 month after the end of treatment. Clinical data will be
 collected.
Inclusion criteria for the patients treated with antibiotics

 -  Adult patient hospitalized in a participating ward of the hospital for an expected
 duration of more than 24 hours.

 -  Treatment by ceftriaxone and / or a fluoroquinolone started by the attending
 physicians during hospitalization.

 -  No hospitalization or stay in nursing home in the previous three months.

 -  No use of antibiotics in the last 3 months

 -  Not receiving other antibiotics than ceftriaxone or FQ

 -  Informed consent

 Inclusion criteria for the patients in the reference group

 -  Adult patient hospitalized in a participating ward of the hospital for an expected
 duration of more than 24 hours.

 -  Not receiving any antibiotic and not expected to receive any during hospitalization

 -  No hospitalization or stay in nursing home in the previous three months.

 -  No use of antibiotics in the last 3 months

 -  Informed consent

 Exclusion criteria

 -  Pregnant or nursing women

 -  Patient who underwent colectomy or suffering from chronic intestinal disease
 (inflammatory intestinal disease or short bowel syndrome)

 -  Patient who used a bowel preparation solution for colonoscopy during hospitalization
 or in the previous week.

 -  Protected adult patient (deputyship or guardianship)