Neutrophil CD64 and Procalcitonin as Novel Biomarkers for Postoperative Infections
Neutrophil CD64 and Procalcitonin as Novel Biomarkers for Postoperative Infections
Postoperative complications, especially bacterial infections, are relatively common and cause
 increased morbidity and mortality. Effective and timely antimicrobial treatment is important
 for prognosis, and delayed diagnosis and treatment substantially increase mortality. The
 early diagnosis of infection and sepsis are today based on diagnostic tests that have been
 available for years, like WBC count, SR and CRP. These markers suffer from several drawbacks;
 their sensitivity and specificity for infection and sepsis are not good enough and their
 kinetics are rather slow in terms of both increase and decrease. A major disadvantage of CRP
 is that after surgery and trauma this marker generally increases for several days, reaching a
 plateau typically on day 2-4 following the event, and therefore, in most cases do not offer
 the needed guidance for early treatment of bacterial infection. More recently, other
 biomarkers for infection and sepsis have become available, some of which appear acceptable
 for diagnostic use. Procalcitonin (PCT) and neutrophil CD64 are both promising new markers
 for the early detection of infection. They do both have their pros and cons compared to each
 other and compared to the traditional markers, such as CRP and WBC count. It is a general
 view that further research is needed before these markers will be accepted as part of the
 routine protocol for the diagnosis of infections, especially in relation to postoperative
 complications. The aim of the present study is to investigate the clinical utility of
 procalcitonin (PCT) and neutrophil CD64 as markers for infection and inflammation:

 -  to evaluate if it is possible to detect early phase postoperative infections by using
 these tests versus traditional markers such as CRP, SR and WBC count (with
 differential).

 -  to differentiate between systemic bacterial infection and systemic inflammation due to
 the surgical trauma.

 The hypothesis is that PCT and neutrophil CD64 are more sensitive and specific analysis for
 the early detection of infection after abdominal surgery than CRP (and other widely used
 tests for inflammation and infection), and that neutrophil CD64 is more specific than PCT.
 Patients admitted to the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akershus University
 Hospital for elective abdominal surgery will be included in the study after informed consent.
 Initially consecutive series of 150 patients will be included, but this number may be
 increased depending on the number of observed infections during the course of the study. All
 patients will be monitored and treated by the formal protocol related to clinical signs of
 infection, such as abcess, peritonitis, pneumonia, sepsis and septic shock. In addition to
 the analytical parameters routinely used today in order to discover infections (CRP, WBC
 count etc), blood samples for PCT and neutrophil CD64 will be analyzed before surgery and
 daily during the stay at the hospital. In the case of signs of infection, locally or
 systemic, the frequencies of analysing PCT and CD64 will be increased according to the
 severity of the changes in the clinical condition. The expression of CD64 will be measured by
 flow-cytometry and PCT will be measured by an immunochemical method.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Suspected infection in the GI tract or after abdominal surgery

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Age < 18 years