Gastric Emptying in Neonates and Infants After Formula Feeding
Gastric Emptying in Neonates and Infants After Formula Feeding
Ultrasound imaging will be used to (1) evaluate gastric antral volumes in children presenting
 for anesthesia who have been fasted, and (2) to evaluate time for gastric emptying in
 healthy, fasting newborns, and infants following feeding of clear liquids and/or milk
 (including breast or formula).
This dual-purpose study will have two parts. The first involves recruitment of fasted
 patients presenting for elective procedures at CHONY. These patients will undergo one
 ultrasound prior to their elective procedure after induction of general anesthesia.

 The second part of the study involves serial ultrasounds over several visits. Healthy
 newborns in the Newborn Nursery will be recruited to conduct this study. The initial pilot
 period will study a total of 50 healthy newborns who will be given formula feeding of known
 volume, and then serial ultrasound imaging of gastric antral volume will be performed until
 gastric emptying. Study willl perform follow up of these newborns at two later time intervals
 (between ages 4-6 months, and 9-12 months). The purpose of follow-up is to evaluate whether
 there are age-related changes in gastric emptying.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Any outpatient presenting for elective procedure

 -  And child in well-baby nursery

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Patient/guardian refusal