Leptospirosis Registry Gathers Knowledge on Epidemiology, Clinical Course, Prognostic Factors and Molecular Characteristics for Invasive Leptospirosis Disease
Leptospirosis Registry Gathers Knowledge on Epidemiology, Clinical Course, Prognostic Factors and Molecular Characteristics for Invasive Leptospirosis Disease
Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic diseases caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. Human are
 accidental hosts, who acquired infections after exposition to animal urine, contaminated
 water or soil, infected tissue. Incidence of invasive leptospirosis disease causing acute
 kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), myocarditis, hepatic dysfunction,
 hemorrhage and multi-organ failure, is globally increasing and there have been frequent
 outbreak situation throughout the world. Due to increasing outbreak situations and globally
 chances in species distributions, a worldwide surveillance in epidemiology and species
 distribution is urgently needed. The objective of the Leptospirosis Registry - LeptoScope is
 to overcome the lack knowledge on epidemiology, clinical course, prognostic factors and
 molecular characteristics for invasive leptospirosis disease.
Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic diseases caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. Human are
 accidental hosts, who acquired infections after exposition to animal urine, contaminated
 water or soil, infected tissue. During bacteremia, Leptospira spp. may lead to invasive,
 deep-seated leptospirosis with infection of kidney, liver, heart and the central nervous
 system. Although cleaned from blood and most tissue by immune response, Leptospira spp. can
 persists and multiply in the tubuli of kidneys.

 Incidence of invasive leptospirosis disease causing acute kidney injury, acute respiratory
 distress syndrome (ARDS), myocarditis, hepatic dysfunction, hemorrhage and multi-organ
 failure, is globally increasing and there have been frequent outbreak situation throughout
 the world. In Europe, invasive leptospirosis disease is less common than in the tropical and
 subtropical countries, however due to climate change incidence is rising, and there are
 worry-some trends concerning chancing species distribution and multiple outbreak situations
 throughout central Europe. Current treatment approaches consist of antibiotic therapies.
 Additionally, salvage supportive treatment approaches of critical ill patients are common in
 invasive leptospirosis disease requiring dialysis, hemodynamic support, mechanical
 ventilation or even extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Furthermore, invasive
 leptospirosis disease is associated with the development of chronic kidney disease.

 Due to increasing outbreak situations and globally chances in species distributions, a
 worldwide surveillance in epidemiology and species distribution is urgently needed.
 Additionally, the examination of attributable mortality and costs analysis of invasive
 leptospirosis disease will need to be studied on a multinational basis and therefore
 LeptoScope will particularly use a matched case control design.

 The objective of the Leptospirosis Registry - LeptoScope is to overcome the lack knowledge on
 epidemiology, clinical course, prognostic factors and molecular characteristics for invasive
 leptospirosis disease. Additionally, LeptoScope serves as a platform for monitoring
 complications of invasive leptospirosis disease and outbreak situations.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Cultural, serological, molecular or histological evidence of invasive leptospirosis
 diseases

 -  Clinical signs of disseminated leptospirosis disease without cultural, serological,
 molecular or histological evidence

 -  Case controls: Matching procedures for controls: Particularly, case controls will be
 included at the same hospitals that conduced cases based on matching of demographics,
 underlying diseases and duration of hospitalization (i.e. one control per case, both
 in the same hospital).

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Colonization or other non-invasive infection

 -  Cultural, serological, molecular or histological evidence without dissemination