The Effect of Intravenous Prehydration on the Hemodynamic Status of Healthy Parturients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery
The Effect of Intravenous Prehydration on the Hemodynamic Status of Healthy Parturients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery
Regional anesthesia (spinal, epidural) is considered the method of choice for anesthesia
 obstetric deliveries because of the ability to use fewer drugs, a more direct experience of
 childbirth and the capability to provide excellent postoperative analgesia. However, the
 incidence of hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery is high and can lead
 to maternal and fetal morbidities. Certain interventions may reduce the incidence and
 severity of spinal anesthesia induced hypotension, including the use of vasopressors and
 intravenous pre- or co-hydration using different types of volume expanders; crystalloid or
 colloid solutions. Such interventions aim to increase maternal cardiac output, which is the
 key in attenuating the hypotensive response to spinal anesthesia.

 The primary purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of intravenous prehydration
 (preloading) of healthy parturients scheduled for caesarean section with either a crystalloid
 (Ringer's lactated) or colloid solution (HES 130/0.42) in the prevention of hypotension after
 spinal anesthesia.

 The FloTrac/VigileoTM device provides continuous monitoring of maternal cardiac output by
 employment of a minimally invasive technique based on arterial pulse contour analysis.
 Assessment of maternal hemodynamic status using the FloTrac/VigileoTM constitutes a secondary
 outcome. Other secondary outcomes are total amount of vasopressors used, neonatal outcome,
 intraoperative side effects and maternal satisfaction scores.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II parturients

 -  singleton gestation

 -  term gestation (gestational period more than 37 weeks)

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  extremes of weight (<50 Kgr or >120 Kgr)

 -  extremes of height (<150 cm or >180 cm)

 -  baseline heart rate less than 65 bpm

 -  active labor

 -  known fetal abnormalities

 -  placental abruption, placenta previa/accreta

 -  pregnancy induced hypertension

 -  anemia (hemoglobin < 9 gr/dl)

 -  cardiac, respiratory or renal disease

 -  diabetes mellitus

 -  spinal cord abnormalities

 -  previous spinal surgery

 -  preexisting neurological dysfunction

 -  known allergy to any protocol medication

 -  any absolute contraindication to regional anesthesia