The Effect of Myofascial Release in Patients With Cervicogenic Headache
The Effect of Myofascial Release in Patients With Cervicogenic Headache
Cervicogenic headache (CeH) is a secondary and often unilateral that is known by referring
 pain from soft or hard cervical structures to occipital, temporal, frontal and sometimes
 pre-orbital regions. There is higher prevalence of cervical muscle tightness, assessed
 clinically in CeH patients and anatomically there are some fascial connections between
 sub-occipital muscles with vertebra of C2 and Dura-mater.Therefore fascial restriction in
 this region can limit the normal movement of muscles between fascial plates in different
 directions in sub-occipital region. The purpose of current study was to compare the effect of
 MFR Technique in the upper cervical region with common (Exs) on pain intensity, frequency,
 duration and Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) of upper cervical joints in subjects with CeH.
Cervicogenic headache (CeH) is a secondary and often unilateral that is known by referring
 pain from soft or hard cervical structures to occipital, temporal, frontal and sometimes
 pre-orbital regions(Becker, 2010). Its prevalence within the general population is about
 0.4-2.5% and in women four times more than men(Racicki, Gerwin, DiClaudio, Reinmann, &
 Donaldson, 2013). It has been estimated that 15-20% of all chronic headaches include CeH
 (Racicki et al., 2013). According to reports, at a minimum about 7 million people travail
 from CeH that cause to waste many daily works and so decrease their performance
 strongly(Suijlekom, Lamé, Stomp-van den Berg, Kessels, & Weber, 2003). Based on last version
 of "Cervicogenic Headache International Study Group" a list including some clinical criteria
 as pain by cervical movement or inappropriate sustained positions, soft tissue stiffness,
 neck pain and limited cervical Range of Motion (ROM) has been mentioned for CeH. The best
 available studies has showed that the C2-3 zygapophysial joints are the most common source of
 CeH, accounting for about 70% of cases(Hall, Briffa, Hopper, & Robinson, 2010; Zito, Jull, &
 Story, 2006). One of the major problem is overlapping of CeH with other type headaches like
 migraine and tension type headache (TTH)(Yi, Cook, Hamill-Ruth, & Rowlingson, 2005) but it
 has been proven that the best clinical test with high sensitivity and specificity for
 diagnosing of CeH is upper cervical flexion-rotation test (FRT)(Amiri, Jull, &
 Bullock-Saxton, 2003; Bravo Petersen & Vardaxis, 2015). some investigations have linked CeH
 to painful dysfunction in the upper three cervical segments (C0-3)(Hall et al., 2007; Ogince,
 Hall, Robinson, & Blackmore, 2007). Jull and et al at 1999 had noted that there is higher
 prevalence of cervical muscle tightness, assessed clinically in CeH patients(G Jull, Barrett,
 Magee, & Ho, 1999; Zito et al., 2006). Nevertheless anatomically, there are some fascial
 connections between sub-occipital muscles with vertebra of C2 and Dura-mater (Robert Schleip,
 Jäger, & Klingler, 2012). It has been assumed that fascial limitations in one region of the
 body cause undue stress in another regions of the body due to fascial continuity, Therefore
 fascial restriction in this region can limit the normal movement of muscles between fascial
 plates in different directions in sub-occipital region(Ajimsha, Al-Mudahka, & Al-Madzhar,
 2015; Robert Schleip, 2003). Recent Fascia Research Congresses (FRC) explained fascia as a
 'soft tissue component of the connective tissue system that percolate the human body(Langevin
 & Huijing, 2009) and is a part of body tensional force transmission system(R Schleip,
 Findley, Chaitow, & Huijing, 2012). Myofascial Release (MFR) is a therapeutic technique that
 uses gentle pressure and stretching (in both forms of direct and indirect approaches)
 intended to restore decrease pain, optimized length, , and facilitate the release of fascial
 restrictions caused by injury, stress, repetitive use, and etc (J. F. Barnes, 1990; Robert
 Schleip, 2003). There are some studies about MFR and its effects that include: increase
 extensibilities of soft tissues, increase ROM, Improve joint biomechanics, decrease pain and
 muscles tone significantly (Ajimsha, 2011; Tozzi, Bongiorno, & Vitturini, 2011). Although; a
 lot of remedies as physiotherapy, electrotherapy, exercises therapy and spinal mobilization
 are used for cervicogenic headache (GA Jull & Stanton, 2005; Pöllmann, Keidel, & Pfaffenrath,
 1997) but it has not been studied specifically about sub-occipital MFR for CeH. Therefor the
 purpose of current study was to compare the effect of MFR Technique in the upper cervical
 region with common (Exs) on pain intensity, frequency, duration and Pressure Pain Threshold
 (PPT) of upper cervical joints in subjects with CeH.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Neck pain with referring unilateral pain to sub-occipital region.

 -  The pain and limitation of C1-C2 rotation with craniocervical FRT.

 -  Intensifying of Headache by manual pressure to upper cervical muscles and joints.

 -  Headache frequency of at least one per week a period of previous 6 months

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Bilateral headaches (typifying tension headache).

 -  Intolerance to craniocervical FRT.

 -  Presence of autonomic system symptoms like vertigo, dizziness and visual impairment.

 -  Severe specific neck pain as disk herniation, canal stenosis and cervical spondylosis.

 -  Any condition that might contraindicate myofascial release technique in upper cervical
 region.

 -  Physiotherapy for headache in the previous 6 months.