Efficacy of Pre-exposure Treatment With Hydroxy-Chloroquine on the Risk and Severity of COVID-19 Infection
Efficacy of Pre-exposure Treatment With Hydroxy-Chloroquine on the Risk and Severity of COVID-19 Infection
There is a pandemic in the world by COVID-19. Currently, the pharmacological curative or
 prophylactic treatments for this infection are not known. Recent studies have suggested that
 Hydroxy-Chloroquine could be effective in vitro and in vivo against COVID-19. The main
 objective of this study is to assess in patients with autoimmune disease treated with long
 course Hydroxy-Chloroquine initiated before the pandemic COVID-19 had an independent
 protective effect on the risk or the severity of infection with COVID-19.
A pre- or post-exposure treatment strategy has been validated in some infectious diseases. In
 particular, in HIV infection, this type of prophylactic treatment reduces the rate of
 infection in at-risk populations. The first studies from Chinese show that in case of
 immunosuppression or immunosuppressive treatment, whatever the causal pathology, COVID-19
 infection is more severe. The present study presents a population of patients with lupus
 (SLE) or Gougerot's disease (SGD) who are treated for a long time, with Hydroxy-Chloroquine.
 The protective effect against COVID-19 infection of Hydroxy-Chloroquine compared to
 populations not exposed to this drug requires to be assessed in patients and their control
 groups under or without immunosuppressive treatments.

 It is hypothesized that long-term treatment with Hydroxy-Chloroquine in SLE or SGD taken in
 its usual indication before the onset of the pandemic could decrease the number of COVID19
 infections and/or the intensity of the disease.
Inclusion Criteria:

 Group with hydroxychloroquine treatment (HC +):

 -  LED/SG diagnosed

 -  Treatment with Hydroxy-Chloroquine in the 3 months before and during the outbreak at
 COVID 19, at least in December 2019. Patients may have treatment with Azathioprine or
 Methotrexate in combination with Hydroxy-Chloroquine.

 -  COVID19 diagnostic questionnaire and available serology result.

 Group without hydroxychloroquine treatment (HC-) :

 -  No Hydroxy-Chloroquine intake for more than 12 months

 --> HC- without an immunosuppressant

 -  Viral hepatitis C cured for more than 12 months or primitive bile cholangitis (CBP)
 whose diagnosis is based on international criteria.

 -  Non-significant liver fibrosis assessed either by historical histology or by fibroscan
 with non-significant liver fibrosis Metavir - F3 (at last available examination)

 -  No Hydroxy-Chloroquine, Azathioprine or Methotrexate or other immunosuppressants have
 been taken for more than 12 months.

 -  COVID19 diagnostic questionnaire and COVID19 serology result available.

 -->HC- with an immunosuppressant

 -  Diagnosis of LED/SG according to the CAB criteria revised in 1997 or autoimmune
 hepatitis according to the international criteria validated in 2008.

 -  Patients treated with Azathioprine (autoimmune hepatitis or LED/SGJ)) or Methotrexate
 (LED/SGJ) for at least three months before the start of the pandemic at COVID 19, at
 least since December 2019.

 -  COVID19 diagnostic questionnaire and available serology result.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Anti-CD20 or Cyclophosphamide taken during the six months prior to the completion of
 the COVID 19 serology.

 -  Refusal of a blood test for antibodies to COVID-19.

 -  Protected adults

 -  Pregnant or breastfeeding women.

 -  Lack of health insurance coverage