Increasing Participation in Cervical Cancer Screening and Risk for Beliefs/Attitudes Among Women at Risk
Increasing Participation in Cervical Cancer Screening and Risk for Beliefs/Attitudes Among Women at Risk
In order to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing interventions aimed at the early detection
 of cervical cancer, health belief and participation in the screening of women aged 40-55 at
 risk for the purpose of cervical cancer, One-way blind pre-test and post-test randomized
 controlled trial.
Cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer type in the world, among women, in all age
 groups. Cervical cancer is a high-risk disease, and every two minutes, a woman loses her life
 due to cervical cancer. In Turkey, among the most common cancers among all age groups among
 women, 9th is the 5th among the most common cancers in the 25-49 age group. Cervix cancer is
 a type of cancer that can be prevented and treated at an early stage. Because cervical cancer
 has a long preclinical period, it has an early diagnosis possibility. For this reason,
 cervical cancer is one of the cancers recommended by World Health Organization (WHO)
 screening programs. In countries where regular screenings have been conducted, death rates
 from cervical cancer have decreased. In developing countries, high incidence and mortality
 continue due to the inadequacy of screening programs.

 The first step in the early diagnosis of cervical cancer is usually the result of an abnormal
 Pap smear test. The Pap smear test is an ideal cytologic screening test used for screening
 because it can identify early onset of a cellular change that may be a starting point for
 cervical cancer and is cost effective. The number of women who have had the Pap smear test,
 which is so important in early diagnosis, is not at a level all over the world and in our
 country. In developed countries, cervical cancer screening rates are over 60%, while in
 underdeveloped and developing countries this rate is below 20%. In our country, the rate of
 not having any pap smear test over the age of 15 years is 77.9%.

 Studies have shown that when women with cervical cancer are diagnosed early, their life span
 is prolonged and their chances of survival increase. Early diagnosis of cervical cancer is a
 simple, feasible and economical method. Women's lack of knowledge, worries about negative
 test results, and their reasons for not having a Pap smear test are among the reasons. Along
 with being semi-empirical studies in our country, most are based solely on education and do
 not involve a risk group approach. In addition, there was no randomized controlled trial
 (RCT) with evidence in the definition of causal relationship in our country. For this reason,
 determining the factors affecting the early diagnosis behavior of women, planning and
 implementing nursing interventions for these factors will contribute to the improvement of
 early diagnosis behavior of women with cervical cancer. In this respect, health education for
 cervical cancer and early diagnosis to be made to women in the risk group will have made a
 unique contribution to RCT including motivational initiatives and home visits.

 In order to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing interventions aimed at early detection of
 cervical cancer, health beliefs and participation in scans in women aged 40-55 years at risk
 for prognostic cervical cancer, One-way blind pre-test - final test was planned as RCT. In
 this context, women in the risk group of 40-55 years of age with cervical cancer in the
 project will constitute the universe of RCT. No pap smear test, no previous training for
 cervical cancer, no previous hysterectomy, no previous cancer diagnosis, no current or past
 sexual life and at least one of the identified risk factors Will have women involved. Women
 who are in the risk group for cervical cancer and meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria
 of the study will be randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. In the
 experimental group, cervical cancer will constitute nursing initiatives for health education,
 home visits, problem-specific counseling and phone reminders for women at risk. Women in the
 experimental group will receive a 15-week follow-up. Two reminders will be used to increase
 motivation between home visits and trainings. The effectiveness of counseling and training
 programs will be assessed by means of data collection tools that will be used for pretest /
 posttest for women in the experimental and control groups and the data form prepared by the
 researcher in the light of the literature.

 Depending on the project, women are expected to participate in the cervical cancer screening
 program. Home visits, trainings, counseling and reminders by phone will raise awareness
 levels of women at risk for cervical cancer as a result. As a result, increased participation
 of women in the risk group in screening programs will increase the probability of early
 diagnosis and reduce cervical cancer mortality, reduce the cost and improve the health of the
 community.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Being literate

 -  Have not received any training on cervical cancer before

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Being pregnant or postpartum quarterly

 -  Have already been diagnosed with any cancer

 -  Not having sexual experience

 -  Having undergone hysterectomy operation