Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen With and Without Magnesium and Primary Migraine in Childhood
Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen With and Without Magnesium and Primary Migraine in Childhood
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate both the effects of ibuprofen and/or
 acetaminophen for the acute treatment of primary migraine in children in or out prophylactic
 treatment with magnesium.

 Methods: The study had been approved by the Researchers Ethics Committee of the
 "Pugliese-Ciaccio" Hospital (protocol number 720/2010; EUDRACT NUMBER 2012-005737-36) and the
 children ranging from the ages of 5 to 18 years with at least four attack/month of primary
 migraine were enrolled. A Visual Analogical Scale was used to evaluate pain intensity at the
 moment of admission to the study (start of the study) and every month up to 18 months later
 (end of the study).
Study design The present work is a single-blind, balanced recruitment, parallel-group, single
 center study in outpatient children enrolled at the Pediatric Unit-Pugliese Ciaccio Hospital
 in Catanzaro, Italy, between January 2010 and June 2010.

 This study had been approved by the Researchers Ethics Committee of the "Pugliese-Ciaccio"
 Hospital (protocol number 720/2010; EUDRACT NUMBER 2012-005737-36), and was conducted
 following the Declaration of Helsinki and the Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice criteria.

 Population Children with migraine without aura (MoA) of both sexes aged from 5 to 16 years,
 with at least four attacks /month, were eligible for the study. MoA was diagnosed according
 to the criteria for pediatric age of the International Classification of Headache Disorders
 (IHS-2) [22].

 Exclusion criteria were the following: mental retardation (IQ <70), genetic syndromes (e.g.,
 Down syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, fragile X syndrome), hypothyroidism, psychiatric
 disorders (i.e.: schizophrenia, mood disorders, ADHD), neuromuscular disorders, epilepsy,
 obesity (BMI>95 percentiles), liver or renal diseases, gastrointestinal disorders such as
 peptic or duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia, or heartburn; hypersensitivity to medication studies.

 Informed written consent was obtained by parents.

 Experimental protocol In a balanced recruitment study eligible outpatients with primary acute
 migraine were assigned to receive at pain onset: acetaminophen (15mg/kg) or ibuprofen
 (10mg/kg). Moreover, in order to evaluate the prophylaxis effect of magnesium in another set
 of experiments eligible children were assigned to receive a daily magnesium supplement (400
 mg/daily) and then one single dose of acetaminophen (15mg/kg) or ibuprofen (10 mg/kg) at the
 time of pain (Figure 1). In this study, in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki (1991),
 we did not use a placebo group.

 In each group, children were assigned in accordance to age, gender in order to obtain similar
 groups of treatment.

 In order to assess the intensity of pain, before and up to 3 hours after the administration
 of both drugs used in the present protocol, a non standardized ad hoc scale and a visual
 analogical scale (VAS) were used.

 Specifically, for the pre-dose assessments, the pain intensity was measured on an arbitrarily
 established categoric scales in response to the question, "What is your pain level at this
 time?" with response choices from 0 to 3, where 0 = none; 1 = mild; 2 = moderate; and 3 =
 severe. In addition, a visual analogical scale (VAS) was used to assess pain severity before,
 during and after the treatment. Patients were asked to draw a single vertical line on the
 100-mm VAS, where 0 = no pain (score 0) and 100 mm = worst pain (score 10). This scale had
 been previously used to measure pain in pediatric populations .

 The safety on medication studies was assessed in terms of frequency and nature of adverse
 drug reactions (ADRs). In order to evaluate the association between ADRs and drug treatment,
 the Naranjo Adverse Probability Scale was applied .

 Number, duration, severity of pain attacks, analgesic intake and the occurrence of ADRs were
 recorded in a daily diary card 1 month prior to the trial and subsequently during the entire
 period of the study. For each patient, follow-up sessions were planned every month after
 enrollment and continued for 18 months (end of the study).
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Children with migraine without aura (MoA) diagnosed according to the criteria for
 pediatric age of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (IHS-2)

 -  aged from 5 to 18 years

 -  at least four attacks /month

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  mental retardation (IQ <70)

 -  genetic syndromes (e.g., Down syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, fragile X syndrome)

 -  hypothyroidism

 -  psychiatric disorders (i.e.: schizophrenia, mood disorders, ADHD),

 -  neuromuscular disorders,

 -  epilepsy,

 -  obesity (BMI>95 percentiles),

 -  liver or renal diseases,

 -  gastrointestinal disorders such as peptic or duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia, or heartburn;

 -  hypersensitivity to medication studies.