Pilot Study: Cardiovascular Events in High Risk Orthopedic Surgical Patients
Pilot Study: Cardiovascular Events in High Risk Orthopedic Surgical Patients
This is a non-randomized, non-interventional pilot observational study designed to follow
 high-risk patients through their surgical and hospital stay. The investigators will collect 2
 4ml vial's of blood (total of 8ml) prior to surgery to assess CV biomarkers - inflammatory,
 metabolic, hypercoagulable and platelet.
This study is primarily an observational pilot study. After identifying patients as high-risk
 according to the following criteria: CAD and/or CVD and/or PAD and/or >=60 years old and at
 least 2 of the following - renal insufficiency, diabetes, COPD, hypertension, active smoker
 (or active within 6 months of consent), cancer, congestive heart failure, or any blood clot -
 they will be asked to sign a consent form. Patients surgical and hospital course will
 continue as per standard of care. Prior to surgery, 8ml of blood will be collected for to
 assess cardiovascular biomarkers including inflammatory, metabolic, hypercoagulable and
 platelet biomarkers to be tested independently in Dr. Berger's lab in Smilow. Study staff
 will perform electrocardiograms on POD 2. Results of these ECGs will not be placed in the
 patients' charts. No other procedures will be done for research purposes only.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  • ≥ 21 years of age

 -  Subjects undergoing open orthopedic surgery of the hip, knee or spine

 -  High-risk subject cohort:

 -  Coronary artery disease (CAD), or

 -  Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) (prior stroke, TIA or carotid artery disease (>70%
 stenosis), or

 -  Peripheral artery disease (PAD), or

 -  Age ≥ 60 years and any 2 of the following:

 -  Renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance < 60ml/min)

 -  Diabetes

 -  Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

 -  Hypertension

 -  Active smoker or stopped less than 30 days prior to consent

 -  Cancer

 -  Congestive heart failure

 -  Prior blood clot

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  • Severe co-morbid condition with life expectancy < 6 months

 -  Inability to give informed consent or adhere to follow-up as per protocol