Scaling-Up Stepped Care for Women's Mental Health in Primary Care in an LMIC
Scaling-Up Stepped Care for Women's Mental Health in Primary Care in an LMIC
This study examines: 1) short-term and longitudinal impacts of stepped care on women with
 depression and the possible roles of mediators and moderators; 2) clinic- (readiness to adopt
 an innovation, leadership support and climate) and provider-level (preparedness, motivation
 and fidelity) factors that may affect stepped care implementation; and 3) the differential
 impact of two implementation approaches (a clinic implementation teams versus implementation
 training by the research team). It utilizes Curran's hybrid effectiveness implementation
 design, mixed methods, and a longitudinal design with assessments at pre, 3 months, 6 months,
 and 12 months. A total of 18 primary care clinics, set in both rural and urban communities in
 Tajikistan, will be involved, with 12 delivering the intervention and 6 acting as controls. 8
 providers (3 nurses, 3 peers, and 2 doctors) will be recruited at each of the 12 intervention
 clinics for a total of 96 providers; 35 women with depression will be recruited from each
 clinic for a total of 630 women.
This research will advance mental healthcare task sharing in effectiveness and implementation
 testing of a stepped care model for LMICs. It uses nurses and mental health peers to treat
 depression and potential co-occurring anxiety among women in primary care. The study
 addresses Grand Challenges in Global Mental Health Goal C to foster integration of mental
 health into primary care and NIMH Strategic Aim 3 by developing new and better interventions
 that incorporate the diverse needs and circumstances of people with mental illness. It
 utilizes Curran's hybrid effectiveness implementation design. To improve implementation, it
 examines the impact of clinic implementation teams in readying the clinic and service
 providers. Additionally, it explores how RDoC neuroscience contributes to implementation
 science through enhancing the evaluation and targeting of stepped care. This study will
 enable new collaborative research activities, in tandem with network building, mentorship and
 training, and dissemination of findings, which will further build the LMIC capacity for
 implementation science research and development of evidence-based medicine by strengthening
 Tajikistan's individual and institutional research capabilities.

 Globally, young women bear a disproportionate burden of common mental disorders, and
 especially including depression and potentially co-occurring anxiety. With current care
 models, this burden cannot be lifted without finding ways to deliver mental health prevention
 and treatment services and illness self-management to women in primary care. Our previous
 research in Tajikistan has demonstrated that women are exposed to serious risks for mental
 illness, and how peers and primary care nurses have played major but largely informal roles
 in helping women with mental health problems. Therefore, the investigators developed and
 tested for feasibility a stepped care model which showed very strong treatment effects. This
 stepped care model involves three steps. Step 1 is a peer and nurse co-led 8-session group
 based upon BRIDGES. Step 2 is peer or nurse led 6-session individual meetings based upon
 Interpersonal Psychotherapy. Step 3 is primary care physician led medication treatment with
 Amitriptyline.

 This project will scale-up the intervention in multiple polyclinics, so as to examine its
 effectiveness (Aim 2) and to compare two implementation strategies (Aim 3). This presents a
 remarkable opportunity to advance both services and science of mental health in Tajikistan.

 Aim 1. To assess the effectiveness of the stepped care model with 420 women who have
 depression and potential co-occurring anxiety, recruited from 12 primary care clinics in
 Tajikistan, compared with standard of care plus provision of healthy lifestyle materials,
 with another 210 women recruited from 6 primary care clinics, including assessing mediators
 and moderators (e.g. executive control efficiency, trauma exposure).

 Aim 2. To assess whether a clinic implementation team moderates women's reduction in
 depression post-intervention, as well as clinic-level (leadership support and degree of
 implementation) and provider-level (motivation and fidelity) moderators.

 Aim 3. To establish a national mental health research network that focuses on improving the
 standard of mental health care and access to services by building mental health
 implementation research capacity.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  female Tajik citizen between 18 and 45 years old

 -  score >16 on the HAM-D

 -  no current or past substance use

 -  willing to participate in the intervention and research procedures

 -  able to give written informed consent.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  women who are older or younger than 18 - 45 years

 -  women who do not score >16 on the HAM-D