Assessment of Bone Mineral Density in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Assessment of Bone Mineral Density in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism
This study aims to recognize the effects of subclinical hypothyroidism on bone mineral
 density, Not many studies were done on this subject
A lot of different factors are necessary for the harmonious development as well as normal
 functioning of skeleton: genetic conditions, hormonal and metabolic homeostasis, balanced
 diet, mechanical load. Any disturbances of those agents can lead to serious and dangerous
 consequences like length reduction, deformations, and fractures. Their results depend,
 between other, on one's age, type of disorder and its duration.

 -  There are a lot of endocrinological reasons of secondary osteoporosis (for example:
 Cushing's syndrome, hyperparathyroidism, hypogonadism, acromegaly, diabetes mellitus,
 hypothyroidism etc..

 Any changes of normal thyroid function and Thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) directly
 affects the remodeling of bone through TSH receptor found on osteoblast and osteoclast
 precursor cells.

 TSH has a positive correlation with body mass index (BMI) in women; though, this correlation
 is insignificant in male. Women having subclinical hypothyroidism have reduced femoral neck
 bone mineral density (BMD). The variations in thyroid function are primary, while changes in
 body weight and bones are secondary. The physiological variation of thyroid hormones is
 associated with changes in BMD and non vertebral fracture risk in healthy postmenopausal
 women.

 The definition of osteoporosis by the world health organization (WHO) is densitometric and
 non-clinical and is based on the measurement of bone mass and dexa method in the spine or
 hip. There is still controversy about the relation between thyroid hormones, osteoporosis and
 BMD in female hypothyroid patients. This study aims to fill the gaps in our understanding of
 impact of subclinical hypothyroid disorder on bone densitometry.
Inclusion Criteria:

 - All adult patients with subclinical hypothyroidism with the level of TSH values above 4.0
 mU/l.and normal values of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Diabetes mellitus

 -  Cushing

 -  hyperparathrodisim

 -  CKD .patients on corticosteroid therapy.

 -  Inflammatory conditions as rheumatoid arthritis,Systemic Lupus, Crohn's disease,
 ulcerative colitis

 -  Haematological conditions as multiple myeloma, Myeloproliferative disorders

 -  Vitamin D deficiency

 -  Males aged more than 55 years old

 -  Postmenopausal females will also be excluded in this study