Pudendal Nerve Mapping Towards Improved Neuromodulation for Urinary Retention
Pudendal Nerve Mapping Towards Improved Neuromodulation for Urinary Retention
This study is to map the pudendal nerve. In this study the researchers will examine subjects
 who are already receiving an implanted stimulator at their pudendal nerve as part of their
 normal clinical care.
The pudendal nerve goes to the urethra, anus, and other areas of the pelvic floor. Electrical
 stimulation of this nerve can help with bladder problems and pelvic pain. Researchers do not
 understand how the nerve anatomy is different between people. Successfully mapping the
 pudendal nerve may help improve the medical care for future patients with bladder problems,
 pelvic pain, bowel problems, and sexual problems.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Clinically referred as having bladder problems that have not responded to conservative
 treatment. Normal clinical care includes referral to implant of Medtronic Interstim
 neurostimulator at the pudendal nerve. Fully eligible to receive an Interstim implant.

 -  Adult (18 or older), capable of providing own informed consent and communicating
 clearly with research team

 -  Capable of speaking, reading, and understanding English, as all study questionnaires
 are standardized assessments only available in English

 -  Capable of attending all experimental sessions (Visit 1: pre-stage-1 imaging, Visit 2:
 stage-1 surgery, Visit 3: CT after stage-2 surgery, Visit 3: cystometrogram test)

 Exclusion

 -  Implanted materials that prohibit magnetic imaging

 -  Any medical problems that prevent an individual from laying flat in an MRI or CT
 scanner, are are claustrophobic.

 -  Areflexive or atonic bladder

 -  Pregnant or planning to become pregnant. If a woman of child-bearing potential wishes
 to participate in this study, they will be pre-screened with a test to detect
 pregnancy.

 -  Diagnosed neurogenic bladder, pudendal nerve damage, lower motor dysfunction, or other
 conditions that would affect the neural circuits involved in micturition.

 -  Unwilling to allow de-identified data to be stored for future use or shared with other
 researchers.