Efficacy of Acupuncture and Bee Venom Acupuncture on Patients With Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease
Efficacy of Acupuncture and Bee Venom Acupuncture on Patients With Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease
The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture and bee venom acupuncture
 (BVA) for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) through a sham-controlled trial and
 investigate whether there is sustainability of treatments effects by follow-up assessments
 after the end of the treatment.
A total of 90 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) who have been on a stable
 dose of anti-parkinsonian medication for at least one month with two or more symptoms among
 tremor, rigidity, postural instability, and bradykinesia will be included in this study.
 Participants will be randomly assigned to the study, the control, or the waiting group
 (2:2:1).

 Initial assessment will be performed with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
 (UPDRS) parts II and III, the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQL), the
 Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and evaluation of the 20-m walking time and the steps to
 walk 20-m, as well as postural instability.

 Acupuncture and BVA treatments will then be performed on the study group, and sham
 acupuncture and normal saline injections will be performed on the control group twice a week
 for 12 weeks. The waiting group does not receive any added treatment during the 12 weeks.

 The initial assessment will be repeated after 12 weeks in all groups. In the study and the
 control groups, an additional assessment will be repeated after 16 and 20 weeks.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Patients with IPD who have been on a stable dose of anti-parkinsonian medication for
 at least one month.

 -  Hoehn & Yahr scale I-IV

 -  More than one point in two or more items (tremor, rigidity, postural instability, and
 bradykinesia) in the UPDRS Part III, etc.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Severe psychiatric or organic brain disorders other than PD, previous or current

 -  Secondary Parkinsonism due to cerebrovascular disease, tumor, infection, etc.

 -  Atypical Parkinsonian or Parkinson plus syndrome