Dairy Intervention in People With Obesity
Dairy Intervention in People With Obesity
Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, but weight reduction is
 difficult to achieve. In this randomized controlled trial we will include 120 obese subjects.
 Subjects will be allocated to one of the 3 diet types (minus 500 kcal / d):

 -  Yoghurt diet: 500 g low-fat yogurt / d, about 1000-1100 mg calcium / d,

 -  Milk product diet: 500 g of low-fat milk or buttermilk / d, about 1000-1100 mg calcium /
 d

 -  Standard diet: 500 g soy yogurt / d, about 500 mg calcium / d Primary endpoint is the
 change in fat mass (baseline vs. 12 weeks), secondary endpoints are metabolic and
 endocrine parameters, gut microbiome, quality of life, hunger and satiety.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  BMI ≥30 kg/m²

 -  Age of ≥18 and <60 years

 -  Written informed consent before study entry

 -  Willingness to introduce a dietary change to lose weight

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Serum calcium ≥2.7 mmol/l

 -  Dislike or intolerance of dairy products, reporting adverse responses or allergy to
 dairy products

 -  Pregnancy or lactating women

 -  Having given birth in the last year or planning a pregnancy in the next 6 months

 -  Menopause (as defined by FSH levels ≥30 IU/l)

 -  Disorders associated with androgen excess and/or menstrual irregularities except PCOS
 (overt thyroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, adrenal hyperplasia, androgen
 secreting tumors)

 -  Malabsorption syndrome

 -  Intake of medication influencing metabolic or endocrine parameters (insulin
 sensitizers, oral contraceptives, …), obesity pharmacotherapeutic agents, or calcium
 supplements in the last 3 months before study entry

 -  Regular intake of calcium supplements in the last 3 months before study entry

 -  Lifestyle changes (changes in physical activity) or weight reduction (≥10% of body
 weight) in the last 3 months before study entry