Elastography in Superficial Lymphadenopathy
Elastography in Superficial Lymphadenopathy
Evaluation of the role of Ultrasound Elastography in differentiation between benign and
 malignant lymph nodes and its additional information over the classic gray scale and color
 Doppler ultrasound.
Lymph nodes are part of the body immune system which are located throughout the body
 including head and neck, armpit, and groin.

 Lymphadenopathy is defined as an abnormality in the size or character of lymph nodes caused
 by the invasion or propagation of either inflammatory or neoplastic cells into the nodes.

 The differentiation of malignant from benign lymph nodes is essential because it predicts the
 patient prognosis and help in the decision making regarding the management plan.

 On ultrasound, gray scale sonography helps to evaluate nodal morphology, whilst color doppler
 is used to assess vascular pattern. The qualitative criteria for malignancy were heterogenous
 hypoechoic cortex, irregular margins, lack of hyperechoic fatty hilum and abnormal blood
 vessels penetrating the lymph nodes capsule.The avascular or hilar patterns were defined as
 LNs with normal vascularity pattern, and the peripheral or mixed (peripheral and hilar)
 pattern as LNs with abnormal vascularity pattern. On B-mode and color doppler ultrasound,
 there is no specific criteria for differentiating metastatic lymph nodes from reactive lymph
 nodes with 100% accuracy.

 Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the reference standard for differentiating metastatic lymph
 nodes from reactive lymph nodes. However, restrictions of fine-needle aspiration biopsy are
 that it is an invasive procedure, and it is not possible to perform for lymph nodes smaller
 than 5 mm.Therefore, a simple, reliable, and non-invasive imaging modality for
 differentiating malignant lymph nodes is required.

 Ultrasound elastography (UE) is a rather new, non-invasive imaging technique that can be used
 to depict tissue stiffness and elastic properties. Ultrasound elastography (UE) can be
 divided broadly into 2 groups depending on the type of tissue displacement:

 1. Strain elastography (SE): measures tissue displacements along the axis of an applied
 force.Strain elastography provides semi - quantitative scores based on elastographic
 pattern (scores based on percentage of stiff area within the lesion) and strain ratio
 (ratio between the lesion and the background tissue).

 2. Shear wave elastography (SWE): measures a different type of waves that is also produced
 when tissues are mechanically stimulated. Shear wave elastography is also a quantitative
 method of analysis for elasticity images using shear wave speed (m/s) or elastic modulus
 (kPa).

 Ultrasound elastography (UE) is easy, rather cheap, non-invasive, and quick to perform, well
 tolerated by patients, and offers a strong diagnostic power.
Inclusion Criteria:

 • Patients presented with enlarged lymph nodes by clinical examination.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Patients who previously receive any medical treatment or chemo or radiotherapy.

 -  Patients who previously underwent fine needle aspiration cytology or biopsy.