Breakfast Consumption and Energy Balance in Active Adult Males
Breakfast Consumption and Energy Balance in Active Adult Males
Exercising in the fasted state results in greater fat oxidation during exercise and results
 in decreased caloric intake in the meals after exercise. However, the studies that examine
 fasted vs. fed exercise utilize a carbohydrate-based breakfast, which can increase blood
 glucose and insulin concentrations, which is considered a negative consequence. A protein
 breakfast, which can increase satiety and rest of day energy intake could also increase
 resting energy expenditure as well as fat oxidation during exercise. However, comparisons
 between fasting exercise and pre-exercise breakfast macronutrient intake (i.e., carbohydrate
 vs. protein) have not been made. Therefore the purpose of this study is to investigate if
 eating breakfast and the composition of this breakfast before exercise has an effect on the
 food eaten throughout the rest of the day.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  18-45 years old

 -  regularly participate in exercise for at least 150 min per week

 -  run at least 3 days per week for 30 minutes

 -  able to complete a VO2max test

 -  able to exercise for 45 min moderate intensity exercise at one time without breaks

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  not participating in structured exercise of 150 min/week for the past 6 months

 -  not running at least 3 days per week for 30 minutes

 -  not attaining a VO2max of 50 ml/kg/min (60th percentile fitness classification
 according to the American College of Sports Medicine)

 -  currently smoke or quit smoking less than one year ago.

 -  diagnosed with or are being treated for a cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure,
 fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome or a metabolic disorder such as diabetes,
 thyroid disorder, or high cholesterol.

 -  food allergies or sensitivities.

 -  not willing to have blood drawn on 4 occasions during each trial (16 total times)