Study of Direct Brain Recording and Stimulation for Memory Enhancement
Study of Direct Brain Recording and Stimulation for Memory Enhancement
Background:

 - Epilepsy is a seizure disorder. Sometimes it is treated with surgery. During surgery,
 electrodes are placed on or in the brain. Researchers want to learn more about memory and the
 brain. They want to do tests on people who are having epilepsy surgery.

 Objective:

 - To learn more about memory and brain function by recording brain cell activity during
 memory tasks.

 Eligibility:

 - Adults age 18 - 65 who have medically intractable epilepsy and will have electrodes placed
 to identify the source of their seizures. They must be currently enrolled in protocol
 11-N-0051.

 Design:

 -  Participants may do memory tests before the electrodes are put in, while they are in
 place, and after surgery. Researchers may stimulate areas of the brain with small pulses
 of electricity.

 -  Researchers will start recording brain activity at least 12 hours after electrodes are
 placed. They will record while participants are awake and asleep. They will record
 before, during, and after seizures.

 -  Participants may have up to 3 testing sessions daily over the 1-3 weeks the electrodes
 are in place. Each session will last 20-60 minutes.

 -  Participants will play games on a laptop. Sometimes they may use a button or joystick.
 This can be done in bed in the hospital.

 -  Participants may be given a list of words and asked to recall them in a short time.

 -  Participants may be given pairs of items and asked to remember how they are related.

 -  Participants may be asked to learn their way around a virtual town on the computer.
 Their eye movements may be tracked by a small camera.
Objective

 The primary objectives of this study are (1) to identify biomarkers of successful memory
 encoding and retrieval, and (2) to identify brain regions that can be stimulated to affect
 memory performance. The secondary objective is to identify biomarkers that can be used to
 predict cognitive impairment following resection surgery.

 Study Population

 One hundred (100) adult subjects with epilepsy who are enrolled in 11-N-0051 Epilepsy Surgery
 protocol.

 Study Design

 We plan to enroll individuals with drug resistant epilepsy who are enrolled in a separate
 protocol, 11-N-0051 Epilepsy Surgery, and who will undergo a neurosurgical procedure in which
 seizure activity and cognitive functions are mapped using intracranial electrodes in order to
 guide resection of seizure generating tissue. In this procedure, surgeons place electrodes
 solely based on clinical consideration with the goal of identifying the seizure focus (or
 foci) and also for purposes of functional mapping using electrical stimulation.

 We propose to administer computerized memory tasks during the intracranial EEG monitoring
 period. Memory testing may also occur during other patient visits for protocol 11-N-0051.
 This testing may occur during a pre-surgical outpatient visit or during Phase 1
 (pre-implantation) monitoring, to establish baseline memory performance, or after the
 resection surgery, to identify potential changes in memory performance due to the resection.
 All testing associated with this protocol will be done during visits or hospitalizations for
 11-N-0051, and this protocol involves no additional study visits.

 Some memory test sessions will include low-intensity electrical stimulation of the brain
 using the intracranial electrodes. During these sessions, brain stimulation trials will be
 interleaved with non- stimulation trials in a randomized fashion.

 EEG recordings will be retrospectively analyzed for the presence of biomarkers that correlate
 with successful memory performance, and test performance will be compared between the
 stimulation and no-stimulation conditions.

 The studies described here are voluntary and for research purpose only. They will not
 interfere with the clinical evaluation or decision-making process for epilepsy surgery.

 Outcome Measures

 The primary outcomes are (1) to identify biomarkers of successful memory encoding and
 retrieval, and (2) to identify brain regions that can be stimulated to affect memory
 performance. The secondary outcome is to identify biomarkers that can be used to predict
 cognitive impairment following resection surgery.
-  INCLUSION CRITERIA:

 To be eligible for entry into the study, candidates must meet all the following criteria:

 -  Be enrolled in 11-N-0051 Epilepsy Surgery.

 -  Able to give informed consent.

 -  Age greater than or equal to 18 years and less than or equal to 65 years

 EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

 Candidates will be excluded if they:

 -Have any disability that would limit their ability to perform study tasks that examine
 memory function.