Etanercept to Treat Wegener's Granulomatosis
Etanercept to Treat Wegener's Granulomatosis
This study will examine the use of etanercept (also called Enbrel or TNFR:Fc) in patients
 with Wegener's granulomatosis, a type of vasculitis (blood vessel inflammation). Wegener's
 granulomatosis may affect many parts of the body, including the brain, nerves, eyes, sinuses,
 lungs, kidneys, intestinal tract, skin, joints, heart, and other sites. Generally, the
 greater the disease involvement, the more life-threatening it is. Standard treatment is a
 combination of prednisone and a cytotoxic agent-usually cyclophosphamide or methotrexate.
 However, many patients treated with this regimen have a disease relapse, and others cannot
 take these drugs because of severe side effects. This study will evaluate etanercept's safety
 and effectiveness, and particularly its value in reducing the need for prednisone and
 preventing disease relapse.

 The Food and Drug Administration has approved etanercept for treating rheumatoid arthritis,
 another inflammatory disease. The drug works by blocking the activity of TNF-a protein made
 by white blood cells that is involved in the inflammatory process. Since prednisone also
 affects inflammatory proteins and lowers TNF production, the use of etanercept may reduce the
 need for prednisone in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, and thus the risk of its side
 effects.

 Patients between 10 and 70 years of age with Wegener's granulomatosis who have never taken
 prednisone, methotrexate or cyclophosphamide, or have taken these drugs for less than 3 weeks
 may be eligible for this study.

 Participants will have a medical history review and physical examination, including
 laboratory studies. If medically indicated, X-rays, consultations and biopsies (surgical
 removal of a small tissue sample) of affected organs will also be done. All patients will
 begin treatment with prednisone, methotrexate and etanercept. Those who improve on this
 regimen will stop prednisone gradually over 3 months. Those who achieve disease remission at
 the end of another 3 months will be randomly assigned to either continue taking etanercept
 and methotrexate for another 12 months or to stop etanercept and continue only methotrexate
 for the next 12 months (after which methotrexate will gradually be stopped). Patients who are
 not in remission by the 6-month point will continue taking etanercept until they go into
 remission, when they will be assigned to stop or not stop etanercept, as described above.
 Patients who do not achieve remission within 12 months of beginning treatment will be taken
 off the study. Patients who have a disease relapse while on the study will likely be switched
 to treatment with prednisone and either methotrexate or cyclophosphamide. Patients randomized
 to stop etanercept and who have a relapse within a year of stopping the drug may be offered
 re-treatment on this protocol, but with continuing etanercept for a full year after
 remission.

 Patients will be evaluated in the outpatient clinic every 2 to 4 weeks for the first 4 months
 and every 1 to 3 months after that. Patients whose disease is in remission and who stop all
 medications will be followed every 3 to 6 months for 2 years. Follow-up evaluations include a
 physical examination, blood draws and, if medically indicated, X-rays. The total study
 duration is 60 to 70 months.
The purpose of the study is to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunologic effects
 of a recombinant fusion protein that consists of the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor
 linked to the Fc portion of human IgG1 (TNFR:Fc) in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. A
 secondary objective is to determine if TNFR:Fc demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in the
 treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis. Specifically, we will seek to examine whether TNFR:Fc
 is able to reduce the need for glucocorticoid treatment and lower relapse rates. Patients
 will be eligible to participate in this protocol when there is evidence that the disease is
 active but is not immediately life-threatening. In this study, patients will receive TNFR:Fc
 (25mg subcutaneously twice weekly) together with methotrexate and prednisone. In all patients
 the prednisone will be tapered over a 3 month schedule. At the end of 6 months, patients in
 remission will be randomized to either continue TNFR:Fc for another 12 months or stop. All
 patients will continue methotrexate for 1 year after they enter remission after which time it
 will be tapered and discontinued.
INCLUSION CRITERIA:

 Documentation of Wegener's granulomatosis based on clinical characteristics and
 histopathologic and/or angiographic evidence of vasculitis. In the absence of
 histopathologic and/or angiographic evidence of vasculitis, patients who meet one of the
 following criteria and in whom infectious and autoimmune diseases that may mimic Wegener's
 granulomatosis or a related systemic vasculitides have been excluded will also be eligible:
 a) a positive assay for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (C- or P-ANCA) and the
 presence of glomerulonephritis defined by red blood cell casts and proteinuria or renal
 biopsy showing necrotizing glomerulonephritis in the absence of immune deposits; b) a
 positive assay for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (C- or P-ANCA) and the
 presence of granulomatous inflammation on biopsy plus abnormal chest radiograph (defined as
 the presence of nodules, fixed infiltrates, or cavities) plus nasal/oral inflammation on
 clinical examination.

 Subjects must be between the ages of 10 - 70 years.

 Subject must have evidence of active major organ disease.

 Patients who have never been previously seen at the NIH will be eligible if the above
 conditions are met and they either: are not receiving treatment; have been receiving
 prednisone at induction doses and MTX for less than 3 weeks; have been receiving prednisone
 at induction doses and CYC for less than 3 weeks but did not have severe disease.

 EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

 Patients with evidence of bacterial sepsis.

 Patients with evidence of other active systemic infection which in the judgment of the
 investigator, is of greater danger to the patient than the underlying vasculitis.

 Pregnant or subjects who are nursing infants.

 Fertile women must have a negative pregnancy test within one week prior to study entry and
 all participants must be using effective means of birth control.

 Patients with one or more of the following: serum creatinine greater than 2.5 mg/dl or
 creatinine clearance less than 35 ml/min; pulmonary disease resulting in a pO(2) less than
 70 mmHg, or FVC, FEV(1) or DLCO less than 70% of predicted; any Wegener's
 granulomatosis-related disease manifestation that, in the judgment of the investigators, is
 immediately life-threatening.

 Hemocytopenia: platelet count less than 80,000/mm(3), leukocyte count less than
 3,000/mm(3), hematocrit less than 20% (in the absence of gastrointestinal bleeding or
 hemolytic anemia).

 Liver function test abnormalities greater than three times upper limits of normal (either
 serum GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, and/or bilirubin).

 Processes associated with an increased risk of MTX toxicity: acute or chronic liver
 disease, past history of alcohol abuse (greater than 14 oz. of 100 proof liquor or
 equivalent per week), ongoing alcohol use of any volume that cannot be discontinued upon
 entry into the study.

 Serological evidence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C, or a
 positive hepatitis B surface antigen. A serological determination will be performed within
 two weeks of beginning study participation.

 Treatment with any investigational drug within 30 days.

 Known allergy to TNFR:Fc.

 Individuals with a history of psychiatric illness that in the opinion of the principal
 investigator (PI) would preclude entrance into the study.

 History of multiple sclerosis or other demyelinating disease.