The Effectiveness of Adding Allogenic Stem Cells After Traditional Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
The Effectiveness of Adding Allogenic Stem Cells After Traditional Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Randomized, multicentric, prospective, double-blind study: effectiveness of adding allogenic
 stem cells to a platelet-poor plasma scaffold after arthroscopic debridement and
 microfractures in patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus Osteochondral lesions of
 the talus (LOC), affects the ankle cartilage, which it seems to have less repair capacity
 than that of other joints such as the knee of the hip. The LOC can be an important source of
 pain and affects comparatively younger, working age and athletically active patients.

 Although there are several therapeutic strategies, debridement and microfractures performed
 arthroscopically are the most frequent procedures. After this surgery, it is expected that
 fibrocartilage will form that covers the osteochondral lesion. Though good results have been
 reported, this fibrocartilage presents histological characteristics of lower quality to those
 of the native articular cartilage.

 Based on previous studies in different joints, it is hypothesized that the augmentation
 treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus with mesenchymal allogeneic stromal cells
 derived from the umbilical cord produces better clinical and imaging results than standard
 treatment with debridement and microfractures only.

 Therefore, the present study seeks to compare the effectiveness of traditional debridement
 and microfracture treatment versus adding a platelet-poor plasma (PPP) scaffold embedded in
 allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells derived from the umbilical cord in patients with
 osteochondral lesions of the talus.
As with other major joints of the lower limb that carry weight (hip, knee), the osteochondral
 lesion (LOC) of the talus, can be a major source of pain and disability for the affected
 patient. The LOC of the talus can appear after one (or repeated) traumatic injury,
 compromises the bone and adjacent cartilage, being able to cause blisters in the cartilage
 layers, lesions similar to a cyst within the bone under the cartilage, or fracture of the
 cartilage and the bony layers.

 The ankle joint supports multiple loads of the corporal weight in the daily activities, the
 reason why the properties of the cartilage in the ankle are different from those that appear
 in the hip and the knee. In the absence of an injury, the cartilage of the ankle has better
 resistance and tension properties to face the increase of forces than the hip or knee
 throughout life.

 However, once an injury appears, the cartilage of the ankle appears to have less repair
 capacity compared to the hip or knee. Since the most common cause of LOC of the talus is
 post-traumatic, the average age of these patients is comparatively lower than that of
 patients affected by injuries to other joints.

 Osteochondral injuries have an incidence of 27 per 10,0000 inhabitants in the USA. They are
 injuries that usually affect the working population and active sportsperson, producing pain,
 functional limitation and that probably contribute towards the evolution of an accelerated
 joint degeneration. Currently, there are multiple treatment modalities used by ankle and foot
 surgeons. These include debridement and microfractures of the subchondral plaque, utilization
 of totipotential cells, osteochondral autograft/allograft, tibiotalar arthrodesis, and
 partial/total ankle arthroplasty. However, no treatment offers a clear superiority over the
 others.

 Debridement and microfractures performed arthroscopically is the most frequently used
 procedure and involves; the removal of degenerated cartilage and subchondral bone; obtaining
 firm lesional edges that prevent the spread of the lesion; and finally the stimulation of the
 bone marrow talar by performing microfractures of the subchondral plate. This with the hope
 that fibrocartilage will form that covers the osteochondral lesion. Although this
 fibrocartilage has histological characteristics different from those of native articular
 cartilage, good results have been reported in 82% of the cases when combining good quality
 studies in this regard.

 The standard technique is not able to generate a replacement articular cartilage strong
 enough to support the joint loads to which the ankle is exposed. Therefore, clinical trials
 seek to increase the traditional treatment of debridement and microfractures with the
 intra-articular use of totipotent cells at the end of the procedure. Although the results of
 these series are promising and comparable at least to those of traditional treatment, the
 absence of comparative studies between them complicates the choice of treatment for both the
 patient and the surgeon. For this reason, the investigators have designed a prospective,
 comparative, double-blind study that will allow elucidating which of these interventions is
 the best alternative for our patients.

 General Objective:

 To compare the effectiveness of traditional debridement and microfracture treatment versus
 adding a platelet-poor plasma (PPP) scaffold embedded in allogenic stromal mesenchymal cells
 derived from the umbilical cord in patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus.

 Specific Objectives:

 -  To compare functional and radiological results before versus post-surgery within each
 group studied (control and experimental)

 -  To compare functional results after surgery of the groups in traditional treatment
 versus traditional treatment plus mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC).

 -  To compare the quality of repair of the tissues of the groups in traditional treatment
 versus traditional treatment plus mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC).

 Work hypothesis:

 The augmentation treatment of the osteochondral lesions of the talus with mesenchymal cells
 produces better clinical and imaging results than standard treatment with only debridement
 and microfractures.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Patients with a symptomatic osteochondral lesion of the Talus.

 -  Magnetic resonance of the ankle showing osteochondral injury of a single talus, with
 perilesional oedema

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Recurrent osteochondral lesions of the talus

 -  Multiple osteochondral lesions

 -  Severe ankle instability, requiring open repair

 -  History of a previous foot or ankle surgery of the ipsilateral foot

 -  Rheumatoid arthritis

 -  Inability to return to the surgery site to practice long-term follow-up evaluations or
 lack of readiness to complete the indicated evaluation forms.

 -  Patients with a qualitative or quantitative commitment that prevents consent or assent
 their participation in the study.