China Q Cohort Study
China Q Cohort Study
The burden of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is increasing worldwide. Although kidney
 transplantation is the most cost-effective renal replacement therapy, dialysis is still the
 main way to treat ESRD patients due to the limited kidney donor, with approximately 89% of
 such dialysis patients receive hemodialysis (HD) and the remainder receive peritoneal
 dialysis (PD). This distribution of dialysis modality, however, varies widely by health
 jurisdiction. For instance, more than 97% of dialysis patients are treated with HD in Japan,
 but more than 50% treated with PD in Mexico. Evidence comparing the two modalities suggests
 that mortality risks may be comparable, but all evidence come from observational study and
 there is no randomized controlled trial to compare patient survival between PD and HD due to
 patients enrollment issue.More importantly, for most health care systems, such as United
 States, United Kingdom, Australia, Indonesia and China, PD is less expensive than HD. It is
 possible, then, that a greater global utilization of PD might improve access to renal
 replacement therapy in less advanced economies.

 The investigators have conducted a prospective, randomized, parallel, open-label,
 multi-center, non-inferiority trial to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with
 PD versus conventional in-center HD in incident ESKD patients. A total of 1082 ESKD patients
 were randomly assigned to PD or conventional in-center HD, and 235 patients enrolled in stage
 1 with complete measures of the "Burden of Kidney Disease" at both baseline and 48 weeks and
 668 patients enrolled in stage 2 were included in analysis. However, this trial was designed
 to evaluate quality of life between PD and HD and all patients were follow-up 48 weeks.
 Therefore, in this observational cohort study, the investigators will perform extended
 follow-up for participants including in analysis . Our primary objective is to evaluate the
 association of dialysis modality (PD and HD) with all-cause mortality in ESKD patients. The
 investigators also explore the impact of PD and HD on major cardiovascular event composite
 (MACE), a composite outcome of MACE and all-cause death, hospitalized myocardial infarction,
 hospitalized stroke and hospitalized heart failure, healthy utility, dialysis cost, activity
 of daily living, and changes of RRF, hemoglobin, and other biochemical parameters.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Adult (age ≥ 18 years old) peritoneal dialysis or in-center hemodialysis patient who
 have been recruited in previous China Q study and who enrolled in SURinD study with
 complete measures of the "Burden of Kidney Disease" at both baseline and 48 weeks.

 -  Will and able to provide the informed consent form (ICF).

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Patients have stopped dialysis due to kidney function recovery or kidney
 transplantation.

 -  Patients refuse to provide consent.