Basal-bolus and Premixed Insulin Regimens in Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (PININ Study)
Basal-bolus and Premixed Insulin Regimens in Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (PININ Study)
Pilot study to compare the efficacy and safety of a premixed-insulin regimen (70%
 intermediate insulin and 30% regular insulin) to a basal-bolus insulin regimen (glargine once
 daily and glulisine before meals) hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes.
Pilot, randomized, prospective, open-label study admitted to the Hospital with a previous
 diagnosis of type 2 diabetes or with a blood glucose level on admission greater than 180
 mg/dl.

 Patients were randomized to receive a premixed human insulin formulation with 70%
 intermediate insulin plus 30% regular insulin (Mixtard 30®, Novo Nordisk) or a basal-bolus
 regimen with glargine once daily and glulisine before meals (Lantus® and Apidra®,
 Sanofi-Aventis).

 The primary outcome of the study was to determine differences in glycemic control between
 treatment groups as measured by mean daily blood glucose concentration during the hospital
 stay. Secondary objectives were to determine differences in the percentage of glucose
 measures between 80 and 180 mg/dl, frequency and severity of hypoglycemic events, total daily
 insulin use, length of hospital stay and glycemic viability between groups.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes with a blood glucose level on admission greater
 than 180 mg/dl and treated with diet, any combination of oral antidiabetics agents
 and/or insulin therapy

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Patients with hyperglycemia without a previous diagnosis of diabetes

 -  Patients with acute hyperglycemic emergencies or with severe hyperglycemia treated
 with intravenous insulin infusion on admission

 -  Patients with acute or chronic kidney disease (serum creatinine greater than 2 mg/dl),

 -  Patients treated with corticosteroids

 -  Patients with history of severe or repeated hypoglycemic episodes

 -  Pregnant women

 -  Patients expected to require ICU admission or less than 3 days of hospital stay