Eltrombopag Treatment of Thrombocytopenia in Subjects With Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) or Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia After MDS (sAML/MDS)
Eltrombopag Treatment of Thrombocytopenia in Subjects With Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) or Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia After MDS (sAML/MDS)
This study will evaluate the safety and tolerability of eltrombopag in the treatment of low
 platelet counts in adult subjects with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), secondary
 acute myeloid leukemia after MDS (sAML/MDS), or de novo AML that are relapsed, refractory or
 ineligible to receive azacitidine, decitabine, intensive chemotherapy or
 autologous/allogeneic stem cell transplantation. This is a placebo-controlled study in which
 patients will receive study medication daily for 6 months, during which time the dose of
 study medication may be adjusted based upon individual platelet counts and bone marrow blast
 counts. All subjects will receive best standard of care (platelet transfusions, mild
 chemotherapy, cytokines, valproic acid, all-trans retinoic acid, ESAs or G-CSF) in addition
 to study medication. Subjects taking placebo may be allowed to crossover to eltrombopag
 treatment if a clinically and statistically significant improvement in bone marrow blast
 counts is seen in subjects treated with eltrombopag.
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase I/II study to evaluate the safety and
 tolerability of eltrombopag olamine, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, administered for 6
 months as oral tablets once daily in adult subjects with advanced MDS, sAML/MDS, or de novo
 AML. Study medication may be increased up to 300 mg (150 mg maximum dose for East Asian
 subjects), based upon individual platelet counts and bone marrow blast counts.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Adult subjects (18 years of age or older) with advanced MDS, sAML/MDS, or de novo AML
 with >=10% and <=50% blasts in bone marrow. Peripheral blood blast change over time
 should not be suggestive of highly proliferative disease (as judged by the
 investigator).

 -  Subjects must be dependent on regular platelet transfusions or have a platelet count
 taken within the 4 weeks prior to randomization that is <30 Gi/L.

 -  Subjects must be relapsed, refractory or ineligible to receive standard treatment
 options of azacitidine and decitabine and must be relapsed, refractory or ineligible
 to receive intensive chemotherapy or autologous/allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
 A subject may be considered relapsed/refractory to a standard treatment if it is
 discontinued due to lack of efficacy. For subjects ineligible for standard treatments,
 it is permissible to start one of these standard treatments while on study medication
 if the Investigator considers that the subject becomes eligible during the course of
 the study.

 -  Prior therapy with demethylating agents (azacitidine or decitabine), lenalidomide or
 IL-11(oprelvekin) must have been completed at least 4 weeks before Day 1;
 antithymocyte/antilymphocyte globulin, intensive chemotherapy, or
 autologous/allogeneic stem cell transplantation must have been completed at least 2
 months before Day 1. If a subject must discontinue a course of therapy due to lack of
 efficacy, the washout periods listed above do not apply (and the patient may be
 screened and randomized immediately if other eligibility criteria are met).

 -  Subjects must have platelet count and platelet transfusion data available over a
 period of 4 weeks prior to randomization.

 -  Subjects with advanced MDS, sAML/MDS, or de novo AML must have stable disease
 indicated by a doubling time of peripheral blast counts >7 days during screening.

 -  During the 4 weeks prior to randomization, subjects must have a baseline bone marrow
 examination including the following:

 -  cytomorphology to confirm bone marrow blasts between 10-50%,

 -  cytogenetics (provide only most prevalent abnormal clone),

 The results of the above tests are required prior to subject randomization.

 -  Supportive/palliative therapies such as cytokines (except for IL-11; oprelvekin),
 valproic acid, all-trans retinoic acid or mild chemotherapy are allowed if part of the
 local SOC, provided those therapies have been at a stable dose for 4 weeks. If the
 subject chooses to discontinue these therapies prior to study entry, they must be
 completed 4 weeks prior to enrollment into this study, unless the therapy is
 discontinued due to lack of efficacy. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in
 anemic subjects or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in subjects with
 severe neutropenia and recurrent infections are allowed during the study as per
 accepted standards. Subjects who enter the study on ESAs or G-CSF should continue at
 the same dose schedule until the optimal dose of study medication has been
 established.

 -  ECOG Status 0-3.

 -  Subject is able to understand and comply with protocol requirements and instructions.

 -  Subject has signed and dated informed consent.

 -  Prothrombin time (PT/INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) must be
 within 80 to 120% of the normal range at baseline.

 -  Adequate baseline organ function defined by the criteria below:

 -  total bilirubin (except for Gilbert's Syndrome) <= 1.5xULN

 -  ALT and AST <= 3xULN

 -  creatinine <= 2xULN

 -  albumin must not be below the lower limit of normal (LLN) by more than 20%.

 -  Subject is practicing an acceptable method of contraception (documented in chart).
 Female subjects (or female partners of male subjects) must either be of
 non-childbearing potential (hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, bilateral tubal
 ligation or post-menopausal >1 year), or of childbearing potential and use 1 of the
 following highly effective methods of contraception (i.e., Pearl Index <1.0%) from 2
 weeks prior to administration of study medication, throughout the study, and 28 days
 after completion or premature discontinuation from the study:

 -  Complete abstinence from intercourse;

 -  Intrauterine device (IUD);

 -  Two forms of barrier contraception (diaphragm plus spermicide, and for males condom
 plus spermicide);

 -  Male partner is sterile prior to entry into the study and is the only partner of the
 female;

 -  Systemic contraceptives (combined or progesterone only).

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Subjects with a diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

 -  History of treatment for cancer (other than MDS, sAML/MDS, or de novo AML) with
 systemic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy within the last 2 years.

 -  History of treatment with romiplostim or other TPO-R agonists.

 -  Pre-existing cardiovascular disease (including congestive heart failure, New York
 Heart Association [NYHA] Grade III/IV), or arrhythmia known to increase the risk of
 thromboembolic events (e.g. atrial fibrillation), or subjects with a QTc >450 msec
 (QTc >480 msec for subjects with Bundle Branch Block).

 -  Bone marrow fibrosis that leads to an inability to aspirate marrow for assessment.

 -  Spleen size >14 cm (length as per ultrasound examination).

 -  Leukocytosis >=25,000/uL prior to Day 1 of study medication.

 -  Female subjects who are nursing or pregnant (positive serum or urine Beta-human
 chorionic gonadotropin [B-hCG] pregnancy test) at screening or pre-dose on Day 1.

 -  Current alcohol or drug abuse.

 -  Treatment with an investigational drug within 30 days or 5 half-lives (whichever is
 longer) preceding the first dose of study medication.

 -  Active and uncontrolled infections.

 -  Subjects infected with Hepatitis B, C or Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

 -  Subjects with liver cirrhosis.