The Impact of Lixisenatide on Postprandial Glucose Tolerance in Pancreatectomised Subjects
The Impact of Lixisenatide on Postprandial Glucose Tolerance in Pancreatectomised Subjects
Postprandial glucose (PPG) excursions are not only determined by insulin-mediated glucose
 disposal and endogenous glucose production (regulated by insulin and glucagon); also the rate
 of gastric emptying constitutes an important determinant of PPG levels 1. The short-acting
 glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist lixisenatide is used in the treatment of
 type 2 diabetes. It increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon
 secretion and reduces gastric emptying of meals 2. These three mechanisms most likely
 constitute the weightiest mechanisms behind the potent impact of lixisenatide on exaggerated
 PPG excursions in patients with type 2 diabetes - which often are normalised during
 lixisenatide treatment 3. However, the separate impact of lixisenatide-induced reduction of
 gastric emptying (independently of the pancreatic effects) has been difficult to determine.
 Importantly, treatment with lixisenatide also decreases appetite and food intake and may,
 like native GLP-1, increase energy expenditure 4. So far an exact demarcation of the
 pancreatic and extrapancreatic effects of lixisenatide in humans remains to be established.

 The present project serves to determine whether effects of lixisenatide on gastric emptying,
 appetite, food intake and resting energy expenditure are dependent on the endocrine pancreas.

 The study is a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, cross-over study.

 12 healthy persons and 12 pancreatectomized patients (i.e. patients who have had their
 pancreata removed due to pancreatic cancer or severe chronic pancreatitis) will be subjected
 to two experimental days on which they will undergo a liquid meal test followed by a fasting
 period and finished off with an ad libitum meal with lixisenatide and placebo, respectively.
Inclusion criteria Pancreatectomised patients

 -  Caucasians above 18 years of age who have undergone total pancreatectomy

 -  Normal haemoglobin

 -  Informed consent Healthy subjects

 -  Normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and normal HbA1C (according to the World Health
 Organization (WHO) criteria)

 -  Normal haemoglobin

 -  Age above 18 years

 -  Informed consent

 Exclusion criteria Pancreatectomised patients

 -  Inflammatory bowel disease

 -  Operation within the last 3 months

 -  Ongoing chemotherapy or chemotherapy within the last 3 months

 -  Ostomy

 -  Nephropathy (serum creatinine >150 µM and/or albuminuria)

 -  Severe liver disease (serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and/or serum aspartate
 aminotransferase (ASAT) >3×normal values)

 -  Pregnancy and/or breastfeeding

 -  Age above 80 years

 -  Any condition that the investigator feels would interfere with trial participation
 Healthy subjects

 -  Diabetes mellitus (DM)

 -  Prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired FPG)

 -  First degree relatives with DM

 -  Inflammatory bowel disease

 -  Intestinal resection and/or ostomy

 -  Nephropathy (serum creatinine >150 µM and/or albuminuria

 -  Liver disease (ALAT and/or serum ASAT >2×normal values)

 -  Pregnancy and/or breastfeeding

 -  Age above 80 years

 -  Any condition that the investigator feels would interfere with trial participation