Prevalence of the Signs and Symptoms of TMD in Adolescents
Prevalence of the Signs and Symptoms of TMD in Adolescents
the Prevalence of the Signs and Symptoms of Tempro-mandibular Joint Disorder in a sample of
 Egyptian adolescents
Our study is observational cross sectional study to evaluate the prevalence
 ofTempro-mandibular Joint Disorder( TMDs) in Egyptian adolescents based on Diagnostic
 Criteria for Tempro-mandibular Disorders(DC/TMD) .The following examinationwill be done for
 each patient and recorded in his/her chart:

 Include maximal mandibular opening capacity, joint noises, deviation of mandible during
 opening and closing, tenderness of the TMJ and masticatory muscles, headache and pain in TMJ
 area.

 All clinical examinations will be carried out by one investigator. Examination of TMJ
 disorders include the following aspects: I) Examination of TMJ sounds (clicking and crepitus)
 using a stethoscope over the TMJ area and by having the patient open and close the mouth.

 II) Associated muscle disorders will be determined by:

 1. palpation of TMJ area.

 2. digital palpation and functional manipulation of the masticatory muscles according to
 Okeson.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Adolescents(age range10-18 years old).

 -  A well-defined dentalCl I, Cl II/1, Cl II/2, and Cl III relationship (Angle
 Classification).

 -  Mixed and permanent dentition.

 -  Both sexes.

 -  Normal skeletal pattern

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Adolescents with syndromes.

 -  Systemic diseases affecting bones.

 -  Adolescents with rheumatoid arthritis.

 -  Previous trauma in the face.

 -  Neurological disorders.

 -  Psychiatric disorders.

 -  Neoplasia.

 -  Adolescents who had received orthodontic treatment.