A Pragmatic Cluster Trial of a Tailored Intervention to Improve COPD Management
A Pragmatic Cluster Trial of a Tailored Intervention to Improve COPD Management
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) remains a major health problem,
 which is strongly related to smoking. Despite publication of guidelines on the prevention and
 treatment of COPD, not all COPD patients receive the best available healthcare. Investigators
 developed a tailored implementation strategy for improving primary care physicians' adherence
 to COPD management guidelines. The primary aim of the presented trial is to evaluate the
 effects of this strategy on physician's performance. The secondary aim is to examine the
 validity of the tailoring of implementation interventions.

 Primary Trial Hypothesis: To study if the rate of adherence to the COPD guideline over a 1
 year will increase among participants assigned to the intervention group in comparison to
 those assigned to the control group?

 Methods/Design: A two-arm pragmatic cluster randomized trial is planned. A total of 540
 patients with diagnosed COPD will be included from 18 general practices in Poland. A tailored
 implementation program will be offered to general practitioners. Participating physicians in
 the intervention practices (n=18) will receive training to provide brief anti-smoking
 counselling. An additional form containing COPD severity scale will be inserted into
 patient's medical records. The checklist with key information about the disease and its
 management while consulting a patient with COPD will be provided to practitioners.
 Investigators will provide practices with training inhaler devices for general practitioners
 (GPs) to teach patients in correct use of each device and to note this education/training in
 patient's medical records. The control practices will provide usual care.

 Discussion: The results of this trial will be directly applicable to primary care in Poland
 and add to the growing body of evidence on interventions to improve chronic illness care.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) remains a major health problem. Worldwide it has
 been ranked as the sixth leading cause of death for both genders. In 2020 COPD is projected
 to rank fifth worldwide in burden of disease. It is also projected to be the fourth leading
 cause of death worldwide by 2030 due to an increase in smoking rates and demographic changes
 in many countries. The national survey conducted in Poland in 2007 indicated that 34% of men
 smoked daily, 2% were occasional smokers, 19% were former smokers and 45% never smoked. In
 women, these percentages were, respectively, 23%, 3%, 10% and 64%. Although COPD has received
 increasing attention from the medical community in some countries in recent years, it is
 still relatively unknown or ignored by the public as well as many healthcare providers and
 government officials.

 Epidemiological studies of COPD on a representative sample have not been performed in Poland,
 but estimates from smaller suggested a relatively high prevalence. Studies which covered a
 selected geographical population found that signs and symptoms of COPD are seen in about 10%
 of patients over 40 years old. Studies in big cities in Poland showed a 9,8% prevalence of
 COPD in populations between 41 and 72 years old. These data are similar to European data,
 describing prevalence rates of 4-11% of COPD in adults in Europe. The absolute number of
 people suffering from COPD in Poland is estimated on about 2 million. This places COPD as the
 third most frequent - concerning frequency - chronic illness, and it is the fourth most
 common cause of death in Poland.

 In Poland, many guidelines on COPD are used, some of which are national and some are
 international. There is no guideline in Poland which is designed for primary care.

 Implementation of interventions directed on health professionals knowledge programme can
 change the professionals behavior. In this study the support strategy is applied to improve
 implementation process.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  patients with diagnosed COPD via the medical records with code J44

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  terminal illness

 -  cognitive impairments