Evaluation of the Pharmacodynamic Effect of the Combination of Sildenafil and Riociguat on Blood Pressure and Other Safety Parameters.
Evaluation of the Pharmacodynamic Effect of the Combination of Sildenafil and Riociguat on Blood Pressure and Other Safety Parameters.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a severe progressive disease with a high mortality.
 Although several drugs are available for the treatment of PAH none offer a cure, therefore
 there is still a high medical need for new treatments.

 Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is one of the chemicals involved in the pathways controlling
 vascular tone, which is impaired in patients with PAH. This causes constriction and
 thickening of the blood vessels wall in the lungs and increase of blood pressure in the
 lungs. This can lead to the very debilitating symptoms of PAH such as tiredness, shortness of
 breath on exertion, collapse and often the inability of the patient to perform their daily
 life activities.

 Inhalation of Nitric Oxide, which activates sGC is used to treat PAH, but its effect wears
 off as soon as inhalation stops. Direct stimulation of sGC using this new compound Riociguat
 may be a new approach for the treatment of PAH.

 The phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5)-inhibitor Sildenafil is one of licensed treatments for PAH.
 The Patent Plus is a double-blind, placebo-controlled safety study, designed to investigate
 the effect of Riociguat on blood pressure in patients with PAH when given in combination with
 Sildenafil.
Main objective: Evaluation of the pharmacodynamic effect of the combination of Sildenafil and
 Riociguat on blood pressure and other safety parameters in patients with symptomatic PAH
 Secondary objectives:To investigate the safety of the riociguat/sildenafil combination and
 changes in 6-minute walk test, World Health Organization (WHO) functional class, N terminal
 pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and variables obtained during right-heart catheterization
 after 12 weeks of treatment; pharmacokinetics of riociguat and sildenafil.

 The study consists of one part. In study Part 1 only subjects (18) on stable sildenafil
 treatment of 20 mg tid have been enrolled. Study Part 2 will not start.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  18 to 75 years of age at Visit 1

 -  Male and female subjects with symptomatic PAH (Group I Dana Point Updated Clinical
 Classification 2008), a 6-min walking distance (6MWD) of more than 150 m, a pulmonary
 vascular resistance (PVR) >300 dyn*s*cm-5, and a mean pulmonary artery pressure
 (PAPmean) ≥ 25 mmHg

 -  For Study Part 1: subjects on stable pretreatment with sildenafil at a dose of 20 mg
 tid

 -  Unspecific treatments which may also be used for the treatment of PAH such as oral
 anticoagulants, diuretics, digitalis, calcium channel blockers or oxygen
 supplementation are permitted. However, treatment with anticoagulants (if indicated)
 must have been started at least 30 days before Visit 1 and treatment with diuretics
 needs to be stable for at least 30 days before Visit 1

 -  Subjects with supplemental long-term oxygen therapy may be included, if the amount of
 supplemental oxygen and the delivery method was stable on average for at least 90 days
 before Visit 1

 -  SBP >/=95 mmHg and heart rate (HR) </=105 beats per minute (BPM) in the first 2 h
 after intake of sildenafil (measured at Visits 0 and 1)

 -  Women without child-bearing potential

 -  Subjects who are able to understand and follow instructions and who are able to
 participate in the study for the entire period

 -  Subjects must have given their written informed consent to participate in the study
 after having received adequate previous information and prior to any study-specific
 procedures

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Subject's participating in another clinical trial or who have done so within 30 days
 before Visit 1

 -  Previous assignment to treatment during this study

 -  Pregnant women

 -  Subjects with a medical disorder, condition, or history of such that would impair the
 subject's ability to participate or complete this study in the opinion of the
 investigator

 -  Subjects with substance abuse (eg alcohol or drug abuse) within the previous 180 days
 before Visit 1

 -  Subjects with underlying medical disorders with an anticipated life expectancy below 2
 years (eg active cancer disease with localized and/or metastasized tumor mass)

 -  Subjects with a history of severe allergies or multiple drug allergies

 -  Subjects with hypersensitivity to the investigational drug or any of the excipients

 -  Subjects unable to perform a valid 6MWD test, eg subjects with a severe peripheral
 artery occlusive disease

 -  Subjects with a relative difference (ie absolute difference/mean) of more than 15%
 between the eligibility- and the baseline 6MWD test

 -  All types of pulmonary hypertension except subtypes of Updated Clinical Classification
 of pulmonary hypertension (PH) (Dana Point 2008) Group I specified in the inclusion
 criteria

 -  Moderate to severe obstructive lung disease (forced expiratory volume <60% predicted).
 The predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is a calculated value

 -  Severe restrictive lung disease (total lung capacity <70% predicted). The predicted
 total lung capacity (TLC) is a calculated value

 -  Severe congenital abnormalities of the lungs, thorax, and diaphragm

 -  Oxygen saturation (SaO2) <88% despite supplemental oxygen therapy

 -  Arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO2) <55 mmHg despite supplemental oxygen therapy

 -  Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) >45 mmHg

 -  Uncontrolled arterial hypertension (SBP >180 mmHg and /or diastolic blood pressure
 >110 mmHg

 -  Atrial fibrillation within the last 90 days before Visit 1

 -  Pulmonary venous hypertension with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 15 mmHg

 -  Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

 -  Severe proven or suspected coronary artery disease

 -  Clinical evidence of symptomatic atherosclerotic disease

 -  Congenital or acquired valvular or myocardial disease if clinically significant apart
 from tricuspid valvular insufficiency due to pulmonary hypertension

 -  Clinical relevant hepatic dysfunction indicated by:

 -  Bilirubin >2 times upper limit normal (ULN)

 -  and/or ALT (alanine aminotransferase) or AST (aspartate aminotransferase) >3
 times ULN

 -  and/or signs of severe hepatic insufficiency (eg impaired albumin synthesis with
 an albumin <32 g/L, hepatic encephalopathy > grade 1

 -  Renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min, eg calculated based on the
 Cockcroft-Gault or Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formulas