Vitamin D to Improve Nutrition Prior to Bariatric Surgery and Investigate the Relationship With Negative Outcomes
Vitamin D to Improve Nutrition Prior to Bariatric Surgery and Investigate the Relationship With Negative Outcomes
VISTA is looking to see if vitamin D supplements before bariatric surgery might improve
 vitamin D stores, which may help to prevent some complications like infections.

 Who can join this research study?

 -  Approved to undergo bariatric surgery-Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass or Vertical Sleeve
 Gastrectomy-at the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center

 -  18 to 64 years of age

 -  BMI of 35 to 49.9 kg/m2

 -  VitD insufficient or deficient prior to having surgery

 What will happen if a participant chooses to participate in this research study?

 -  The participant will be randomly assigned (by chance) to receive either:

 -  Standard care plus vitamin D supplements or

 -  Standard care plus a placebo (contains no vitamin D)

 -  Either would be provided at no cost to the participant

 -  The investigators will ask the participant to complete a survey on the day of surgery
 regarding supplement use

 -  The investigators will follow the participants medical record through the 12 month
 follow up clinic visit.
An estimated 2 in 3 American adults are either overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) or obese (BMI
 30-39.9 kg/m2). The prevalence of obesity, morbid obesity (BMI 40-44.9 kg/m2), and even super
 obesity (BMI ≥ 45 kg/m2) are increasing. Obesity is a leading contributor to global mortality
 and contributes to the burden of disease associated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease,
 musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis, and some cancers. Morbid obesity reduces
 life expectancy by 8 to 10 years, similar to the effect of being a regular cigarette smoker.

 Several studies have demonstrated that most obese adults are vitamin D (VitD) insufficient
 (<75 nmol/L, 30 ng/ml) or deficient (<50 nmol/L, 20 ng/ml). The inverse relationship between
 body mass index (BMI) or body fat mass and VitD status is hypothesized to be due to
 sequestration of VitD by adipose tissue, reducing the bioavailability of VitD. The classical
 role of VitD is in the maintenance of bone calcification, but more recent research has
 elucidated a more varied role for this hormone. Lack of VitD has been associated with
 increased susceptibility to infection, autoimmunity, cancer, and chronic disease.

 Bariatric surgery is currently the most successful means of long-term weight loss. Since
 deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins, such as VitD, is considered a metabolic complication of
 bariatric surgery, determining the VitD status of these individuals and perhaps correcting it
 prior to surgery may prove greatly beneficial. Potential complications relating to VitD
 insufficiency and deficiency include adverse surgical outcomes such as improper wound
 healing, infection of the surgical incision, and atrial fibrillation. Since the indications
 for bariatric surgery are obesity and obesity-related comorbidities, bariatric surgery
 patients are at an increased risk of having an adverse surgical outcome.

 The Johns Hopkins Center for Bariatric Surgery (JHCBS) is designated as a Center of
 Excellence by the American College of Surgeons. To comply with this designation, the center
 must maintain a certain standard of care (SoC) and minimize complication rates. Given the
 potential relationship between VitD status and adverse surgical outcomes, the investigators
 are currently reviewing pre-operative VitD status (serum 25(OH)D concentration) collected as
 routine SoC and investigating the relationship with surgical outcomes under an Institutional
 Review Board (IRB) approved protocol (NA_00087502). The investigators findings reveal that
 most of bariatric surgery patients are VitD insufficient and deficient pre-operatively. To
 date, there is no standard regarding treating these deficiencies pre-operatively and as such
 the center does not intervene prior to surgery. A randomized, double-blinded,
 placebo-controlled pilot trial is needed to assess the causality of the relationship between
 pre-operative VitD status and adverse surgical outcomes in the bariatric surgical patient.

 The investigators plan to identify new patients approved for bariatric surgery at the JHCBS.
 These patients will be randomized consecutively in a 1:1 ratio to either 30 days of 10,000
 International Units (IU) of VitD3 plus SoC or 30 days of placebo plus SoC immediately prior
 to surgery. The investigators will monitor these patients for any adverse surgical outcomes,
 including wound infection, dehiscence, and prolonged length of hospital stay. The
 investigators will also monitor their long-term clinical outcomes such as malnutrition,
 weight loss, and resolution of comorbidities at their routine clinic care visit: 2 weeks, 6
 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months post-operatively. At these visits the patients are
 assessed for wound healing, weight loss, nutritional status, and other key markers of health,
 such as vital signs.

 The investigators aim to determine if 10,000 IU of VitD3 daily for 30 days prior to bariatric
 surgery (Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) or Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG)) will
 significantly increase the VitD status (serum 25(OH)D concentration) and whether the
 associated change in VitD status leads to decrease risk of adverse surgical outcomes and/or
 improved clinical outcomes.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Patients approved for and undergoing clinically indicated bariatric surgery -Roux-en-Y
 Gastric Bypass (RYGBP) or Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG)

 -  18 to 64 years of age

 -  BMI of 35 to 49.9 kg/m2

 -  VitD insufficient pre-operatively: serum 25(OH)D concentration < 75 nmol/L or 30 ng/ml

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Any patient who does not want to participate in the study

 -  Any patient who has dietary restrictions/proscriptions prohibiting ingestion of beef
 gelatin

 -  Expected poor compliance with the medical regimen

 -  Any active medical conditions that could, in the opinion of the investigators,
 jeopardize the safety of the subject or the integrity of the study

 -  The elective bariatric surgery is cancelled prior to incision by a surgeon for any
 reason

 -  Pregnancy: The routine standard of care is to determine whether a female patient is
 pregnant either by history and/or urinary pregnancy test on the day of surgery. No
 additional testing specifically for this study is planned beyond the standard of care.