SaniVac Trial - Sanitation and Oral Rotavirus Vaccine Performance
SaniVac Trial - Sanitation and Oral Rotavirus Vaccine Performance
This is a controlled cohort study to assess the effect of improved sanitation on oral
 rotavirus vaccine performance in low-income urban neighbourhoods of Maputo, Mozambique. The
 specific hypotheses are that: (1) access to improved sanitation is associated with increased
 oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity; (2) enteric infection concurrent to oral rotavirus
 vaccination is associated with reduced oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity; and (3)
 Environmental Enteric Dysfunction is associated with reduced oral rotavirus vaccine
 immunogenicity.

 Pregnant women will be enrolled from the intervention and control arms of a previous
 sanitation trial (NCT02362932) post-intervention and will be enrolled at no later than eight
 months' gestation and then followed to 4 months of age of the infant. Blood samples and
 faeces will be taken from the infant at the time of administration of the first dose of the
 oral rotavirus vaccine and four weeks after the second dose of the vaccine.

 The primary outcome of interest in the study is oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity among
 participating vaccinated infants. Seroconversion is defined as a ≥ fourfold rise in serum
 anti-rotavirus IgA titers between first dose of oral RV vaccine and 4 weeks (+/- 1 week)
 after second dose of oral RV vaccine. Enteric infections are defined as the presence of ≥ 1
 of the following enteric infections in stool: adenovirus 40/41, rotavirus A, norovirus
 GI/GII, Salmonella spp. (including serovars Typhi and Paratyphi), Campylobacter spp. (C.
 jejuni, C. coli, C. lari), Shigella spp. (S. boydii, S. sonnei, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae),
 Clostridium difficile Toxin A/B, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) LT/ST, E. coli O157,
 Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) stx1/stx2, Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio
 cholerae, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium spp. (C. parvum, C.
 hominis). Environmental Enteric Dysfunction is measured via a combined disease activity score
 including faecal markers of intestinal inflammation and permeability: neopterin, α-1
 antitrypsin, and myeloperoxidase in stool.
Inclusion Criteria:

 1. Mother residing in an intervention or control compound of a previous sanitation trial
 (NCT02362932) for at least 6 months prior to recruitment and not intending to switch
 study compound over the next 9 months

 2. Mother being pregnant and having gestational age between 3 and 9 months or being
 puerperal (up to 40 days postpartum)

 3. Mother planning to use the prenatal care, delivery and vaccination services provided
 by the Ministry of Health of Mozambique

 4. Mother able to understand and complete the informed consent process and allow your
 newborn to participate in the study

 5. Mother at least 16 years of age

 6. Infant eligible to receive rotavirus vaccination

 Exclusion criteria:

 1. Infant whose medical team considers that they cannot be part of the study

 2. Infant with complications associated with gestation, childbirth or postpartum,
 including congenital malformations

 3. Infant with any medical, psychiatric or social condition, occupational reason, or
 other responsibility on the part of the pregnant woman, which, in the opinion of the
 investigator, is a contraindication to protocol compliance or impedes the
 participant's ability to give informed consent

 4. Infant who has already received the rotavirus vaccine