Carfilzomib In Combination With Bendamustine And Dexamethasone In Refractory Or Relapsed Multiple Myeloma
Carfilzomib In Combination With Bendamustine And Dexamethasone In Refractory Or Relapsed Multiple Myeloma
Open-label phase Ib/II, multicenter, international non-comparative trial. This study is
 designed to determine the safety and efficacy of the novel salvage regimen (CBd) followed by
 a carfilzomib maintenance in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

 Patients will be evaluated at scheduled visits in up to 4 study periods:

 pretreatment, treatment, maintenance and long-term follow-up (LTFU).
Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most common hematological diseases and besides the option
 of an allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains incurable.

 Although autologous stem cell transplantation and new compounds such as bortezomib,
 thalidomide and lenalidomide have been implemented, treatment alternatives in patients who
 relapse or are refractory to these therapies are urgently needed. In addition, patients are
 often compromised by the toxicity of prior treatments not allowing further use of active
 drugs such as due to neurotoxicity when bortezomib was given. However, in contrast to
 bortezomib the investigative drug carfilzomib blocks, the proteasome irreversibly and shows
 minimal activity against off-target enzymes leading to more sustained proteasome inhibition
 with a distinctive toxicity profile [1-3]. Carfilzomib had promising single agent activity in
 a phase II trial with heavily pre-treated MM patients (overall response rate 24% [4]).
 Another drug with substantial activity in lymphoid malignancies is bendamustine, which was
 recently been found to be superior to chlorambucil in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) [5]
 as well as in Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL)[6]. In multiple myeloma, bendamustine combined
 with prednisone (BP) was superior to melphalan and prednisone (MP) as far as complete
 remission rate, time to treatment failure and life quality [7].

 Therefore, bendamustine, an alkylating agent, was recently licensed in Europe for NHL, CLL
 and MM. The addition of bendamustine was able to overcome bortezomib resistance in an
 institutional treatment algorithm [8] in line with the observation that bortezomib enhanced
 the clinical activity of the alkylator melphalan in conventional doses as well as in the high
 dose setting [9-10]. Thus, there appears to be a rationale to combine both drugs in order to
 obtain clinical synergistic activity in relapsed and refractory MM patients.

 STUDY OBJECTIVES

 Primary objective:

 -  The dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximum tolerate dose (MTD) of carfilzomib,
 bendamustine and dexamethasone (CBd) association (phase Ib).

 -  Determine the rate of very good partial response (VGPR) or more with the CBd
 association: a VGPR rate of 20% (p0) is considered not promising (H0) and a 40% (p1) as
 interesting (phase II).

 Secondary objectives:

 -  Determine the overall response rate (ORR) after completion of CBd

 -  Determine the progression-free survival (PFS) after completion of CBd

 -  Determine the time point of best response

 -  Determine the time to progression (TTP)

 -  Determine the disease free survival (DFS)

 -  Determine the duration of response (DOR)

 -  Determine the time to next therapy (TTNT)

 -  Determine the overall survival (OS)

 -  Determine whether tumor response and survival might significantly change in particular
 subgroups of patients defined on prognostic factors (B2- microglobulin, C-reactive
 protein, cytogenetic abnormalities as determined by FISH) STUDY POPULATION Relapsed or
 refractory multiple myeloma after failure of two or more treatment regimens. Up to 68
 patients will be enrolled from different centers. INCLUSION CRITERIA

 -  Patient ≥ 18 years old.

 -  Patient is, in the investigator(s) opinion, willing and able to comply with the protocol
 requirements.

 -  Patient has given voluntary written informed consent before performance of any
 study-related procedure not part of normal medical care, with the understanding that
 consent may be withdrawn by the patient at any time without prejudice to their future
 medical care.

 -  Female patient is either post-menopausal or surgically sterilized or commits continued
 abstinence from heterosexual intercourse during the duration of the study or is willing
 to use two methods of birth control, one highly effective method and one additional
 effective method at the same time, at least 4 weeks before starting carfilzomib and
 bendamustine therapy, during carfilzomib and bendamustine therapy and for at least 4
 weeks after stopping carfilzomib and bendamustine therapy. Highly effective methods are
 hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills, injections, and implants), intrauterine
 device, tubal ligation and partner's vasectomy. Additional effective methods are condom,
 diaphragm, and cervical cap. Women with child bearing potential must have two negative
 pregnancy tests (sensitivity at least 50 mIU/mL) prior starting carfilzomib and
 bendamustine therapy. The first pregnancy test must be performed 10 - 14 days and the
 second within 24 hours before starting carfilzomib and bendamustine therapy. Pregnancy
 testing for the first 4 weeks of study therapy must be performed weekly and thereafter
 every 4 weeks if menstrual cycles are regular or every 2 weeks if menstrual cycles are
 irregular.

 -  Male patient agrees to use an acceptable method for contraception (i.e., condom or
 abstinence) for the duration of the study and for 6 months after stopping study therapy.

 -  Patient with relapsed or/and refractory multiple myeloma after failure of two or more
 treatment regimens (previous bortezomib is allowed).

 -  Patient has measurable disease, defined as follows: any quantifiable serum monoclonal
 protein (M-protein) value (generally, but not necessarily, ≥ 0.5 g/dL of M-protein) and,
 where applicable, urine light-chain excretion of >200 mg/24 hours. For patients with
 oligo- or non-secretory MM, it is required that they have measurable plasmacytoma > 2 cm
 as determined by clinical examination or applicable radiographs (i.e. MRI, CT-Scan) or
 an abnormal free light chain ratio (n.v.: 0.26-1.65). We anticipate that less than 10%
 of patients admitted to this study will be oligo- or non-secretory MM with free light
 chains only in order to maximize interpretation of benefit results.

 -  Patient has a Karnofsky performance status ≥60%.

 -  Patient has a life expectancy >6 months.

 -  Patient has the following laboratory values within 14 days before Baseline (day 1 of the
 Cycle 1, before study drug administration):

 -  Platelet count ≥70 x 109/L (≥50 x 109 /L if myeloma involvement in the bone marrow
 is > 50%) within 14 days prior to drug administration).

 -  Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1 x 109/L without the use of growth factors.

 -  Corrected serum calcium ≤14 mg/dL (3.5 mmol/L).

 -  Alanine transaminase (ALT): ≤ 3 x the ULN.

 -  Total bilirubin: ≤ 2 x the ULN.

 -  Calculated or measured creatinine clearance ≥ 15 mL/min (or, as alternative serum
 creatinine <2 mg/dL).

 -  LVEF ≥ 40%. 2-D transthoracic echocardiogram (ECHO) is the preferred method of
 evaluation. Multigated Acquisition Scan (MUGA) is acceptable if ECHO is not
 available (not applicable in Germany). EXCLUSION CRITERIA

 -  Pregnant or lactating females

 -  Patient has active infectious hepatitis type B or C or HIV.

 -  Patients with active congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] Class
 III to IV), symptomatic ischemia, or conduction abnormalities uncontrolled by
 conventional intervention.

 -  Peripheral neuropathy (PN) > CTCAE grade 2 and ≥ grade 2 painful PN (with the difference
 being in the exclusion of patients with Grade 2 painful PN).

 -  Known history of allergy to Captisol (a cyclodextrin derivative used to solubilize
 carfilzomib)

 -  Known history of intolerability to high dose dexamethasone

 -  Contraindication to any of the required concomitant drugs or supportive treatments,
 including hypersensitivity to all anticoagulation and anti-platelet options, antiviral
 drugs, or intolerance to hydration due to preexisting pulmonary or cardiac impairment.

 -  Subject with pleural effusions requiring thoracentesis or ascites requiring paracentesis
 within 14 days prior to baseline;

 -  Patient has any other clinically significant illness that would, in the investigator's
 opinion, increase the patient's risk for toxicity.

 -  Patient with a prior malignancy within the last 5 years (except for basal or squamous
 cell carcinoma of the skin, or in situ cancer of the cervix or breast, or localized
 prostate cancer of Gleason score <7 with a stable PSA). The pre-treatment period
 includes screening visits, performed at study entry. After providing written informed
 consent to participate in the study, patients will be evaluated for study eligibility.
 The screening period includes the availability of inclusion criteria described above.
 The treatment period includes administration of CBd for 8 courses. In order to assess
 the toxicity of treatment, patients will attend the study center visits at each
 scheduled carfilzomib administration. The response will be assessed after each cycle.
 The maintenance period will start at the end of 8th course, if the patient achieved at
 least Stable Disease (SD), and will stop at progression or intolerance. Patients will
 attend the study center visits at each scheduled carfilzomib administration.

 The response will be assessed after each cycle. The median expected duration of the
 maintenance treatment is approximately 1 year. The LTFU period will start after development
 of confirmed progressive disease (PD). All patients are to be followed for survival during
 the LTFU period every 3 months via telephone or office visit. STUDY TREATMENT Patients will
 start the savage treatment with CBd, as soon as the screening visits of the pre-treatment
 period have been terminated. Patients will receive 8 CBd cycles. PHASE I In the phase I part
 of the study, the following dose levels of carfilzomib and bendamustine will be studied with
 a constant dose of dexamethasone: Level -2 Carfilzomib = 20 mg/m2 IV once daily on days 1, 2
 of cycle 1 only followed by 27 mg/m2 days 8, 9, 15, 16 in cycle 1, then for all subsequent
 doses 27 mg/m2 once daily on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16 followed by 13-day rest period (day 17
 through 28). Bendamustine = 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 every 28 days Dexamethasone = 20 mg on days
 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, 23 every 28 days. Level -1 Carfilzomib = 20 mg/m2 IV once daily on
 days 1, 2 of cycle 1 only followed by 27 mg/m2 days 8, 9, 15, 16 in cycle 1, then for all
 subsequent doses 27 mg/m2 once daily on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, followed by 13-day rest
 period (day 17 through 28). Bendamustine = 60 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 every 28 days Dexamethasone
 = 20 mg on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, 23 every 28 days . Level 0 Carfilzomib = 20 mg/m2 IV
 once daily on days 1, 2 of cycle 1 only followed by 27 mg/m2 days 8, 9, 15, 16 in cycle 1,
 then for all subsequent doses 27 mg/m2 IV once daily on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16 followed by
 13-day rest period (day 17 through 28). Bendamustine = 70 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 every 28 days
 Dexamethasone = 20 mg on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, 23. Level +1 Carfilzomib = 20 mg/m2 IV
 once daily on days 1, 2, of cycle 1 only followed by 36 mg/m2 days 8, 9, 15, 16 in cycle 1,
 then for all subsequent doses 36 mg/m2 IV once daily on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, followed by
 13-day rest period (day 17 through 28). Bendamustine = 70 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 every 28 days
 Dexamethasone = 20 mg on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, 23. Level +2 Carfilzomib = 20 mg/m2 IV
 once daily on days 1, 2, of cycle 1 only followed by 45 mg/m2 days 8, 9, 15, 16 in cycle 1,
 then for all subsequent doses 45 mg/m2 IV once daily on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, followed by
 13-day rest period (day 17 through 28). Bendamustine = 70 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 every 28 days
 Dexamethasone = 20 mg on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, 23. Patients will be observed during
 the first two cycles of therapy for the assessment of side effects and observation of DLTs.

 Dose escalation will proceed as follows:

 -  3 patients will be entered at dose level 0.

 -  If none of the 3 experience DLT, dose escalation will continue.

 -  If one of three patients experience DLT, three additional patients will be added to this
 cohort (max 6).

 -  If two of three patients experience a DLT at any given dose, the MTD will have been
 exceeded and the MTD will be the preceding dose at which < one of 6 patients experienced
 a DLT. If dose level zero is not tolerated, the next level will be level -1.

 -  If no further patients experience DLT (1 of 6) dose escalation will continue.

 -  If 2 patients experience DLT (2 of 6) the MTD will have been exceeded and the MTD will
 be the previous dose at which <1 patient of 6 experienced DLT. PHASE II In the second
 part of the study, the MTD of the association CBd (or in absence of any MTD observed the
 doses of dose level 2) will be administered, if no dose level will be superior in phase
 Ib, to a total of 50 consecutive patients in order to assess response rate and clinical
 efficacy. MAINTENANCE PERIOD

 At the end of 8 courses, maintenance phase will start. Patients will receive:

 Carfilzomib = 27 mg/ m2 IV on days 1, 2, 15, 16 followed by 13-day rest period (day 17
 through 28). Dexamethasone = 20 mg on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, 23. Patients will be
 stopped at PD or intolerance. STUDY ENDPOINTS

 Primary endpoints:

 All patients will be included in the Intent-to-Treat (ITT) analysis.

 DLTs are defined as the following:

 -  Any CTCAE grade ≥3 non-hematologic event except the following:

 1. Nausea or vomiting that responds symptomatic therapy.

 -  Grade 4 neutropenia lasting more than 7 days.

 -  Grade 4 hematologic toxicity except neutropenia

 -  Development of febrile neutropenia defined as grade 3-4 neutropenia with fever 38.5°C
 and/or infection requiring antibiotic or antifungal treatment. Assessment of DLT
 defining adverse events will be performed after completion of the second cycle (only in
 phase Ib) according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria of
 Adverse Events (CTCAE version 4.0). Efficacy will be assessed by considering VGPR
 following the proposed regimen, according to the criteria of the International Myeloma
 Working Group

 Secondary endpoints:

 -  Determine the ORR.

 -  Determine the PFS.

 -  Determine the time point of best response.

 -  Determine the TTP.

 -  Determine the DFS.

 -  Determine the DOR.

 -  Determine TTNT.

 -  Determine OS. Determine whether tumor response and survival might significantly change
 in particular subgroups of patients defined on prognostic factors (β2-microglobulin,
 C-reactive protein (CRP), cytogenetic abnormality or previous treatment). STATISTICAL
 METHODS The sample size of the first part of the study (Phase I) is based on the
 scenario that groups assuming CBd dose level -1/+2 are made of minimum 3 patients and
 maximum 6 patients. This brings a total of 18 patients, as maximum number of patients
 that will be recruited. The sample size of the second part of the study (Phase II) was
 estimated according to the Two-stage Simon phase II design, with early stopping rules,
 in case efficacy results lower than a predefined uninteresting response rate. A VGPR
 rate of 20% (p0) is considered not promising (H0) and a 40% (p1) VGPR rate as
 interesting; a probability of type I (α) error is set to be 0.05 and type II (β) error
 0.20. In the first stage, 13 patients will be accrued. If 3 or less response will be
 observed in stage I, the trial will be stopped for futility. Otherwise, 30 additional
 patients will be accrued in the second stage: if 12 or fewer responses will be observed
 by the end of the stage II, then no further investigation will be warranted. With this
 design, and if H0 would be true, the expected number of enrolled patients will be 43 and
 the probability of early termination 74.7%. Assuming 10-15% of patients lost to
 follow-up, an adequate sample size will be 50 patients. Therefore the maximum total
 number of patients that will be recruited in both phases will be 68.

 STUDY DURATION:

 Approximately 5 years

 TOTAL SAMPLE SIZE:

 Up to 68 patients

 STUDY DRUG SUPPLIERS:

 Mundipharma International Onyx Pharmaceuticals
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Patient ≥ 18 years old.

 -  Patient is, in the investigator(s) opinion, willing and able to comply with the
 protocol requirements.

 -  Patient has given voluntary written informed consent before performance of any
 study-related procedure not part of normal medical care, with the understanding
 that consent may be withdrawn by the patient at any time without prejudice to
 their future medical care.

 -  Female patient is either post-menopausal or surgically sterilized or commits
 continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse during the duration of the
 study or is willing to use two methods of birth control, one highly effective
 method and one additional effective method at the same time, at least 4 weeks
 before starting carfilzomib and bendamustine therapy, during carfilzomib and
 bendamustine therapy and for at least 4 weeks after stopping carfilzomib and
 bendamustine therapy. Highly effective methods are hormonal contraceptives (birth
 control pills, injections, and implants), intrauterine device, tubal ligation and
 partner's vasectomy. Additional effective methods are condom, diaphragm, and
 cervical cap. Women with child bearing potential must have two negative pregnancy
 tests (sensitivity at least 50 mIU/mL) prior starting carfilzomib and
 bendamustine therapy. The first pregnancy test must be performed 10 - 14 days and
 the second within 24 hours before starting carfilzomib and bendamustine therapy.
 Pregnancy testing for the first 4 weeks of study therapy must be performed weekly
 and thereafter every 4 weeks if menstrual cycles are regular or every 2 weeks if
 menstrual cycles are irregular.

 -  Male patient agrees to use an acceptable method for contraception (i.e., condom
 or abstinence) for the duration of the study and for 6 months after stopping
 study therapy.

 -  Patient with relapsed or/and refractory multiple myeloma after failure of two or
 more treatment regimens (previous bortezomib is allowed).

 -  Patient has measurable disease, defined as follows: any quantifiable serum
 monoclonal protein (M-protein) value (generally, but not necessarily, ≥ 0.5 g/dL
 of M-protein) and, where applicable, urine light-chain excretion of >200 mg/24
 hours. For patients with oligo- or non-secretory MM, it is required that they
 have measurable plasmacytoma > 2 cm as determined by clinical examination or
 applicable radiographs (i.e. MRI, CT-Scan) or an abnormal free light chain ratio
 (n.v.: 0.26-1.65). We anticipate that less than 10% of patients admitted to this
 study will be oligo- or non-secretory MM with free light chains only in order to
 maximize interpretation of benefit results.

 -  Patient has a Karnofsky performance status ≥60%.

 -  Patient has a life expectancy >6 months.

 -  Patient has the following laboratory values within 14 days before Baseline (day 1
 of the Cycle 1, before study drug administration):

 -  Platelet count ≥70 x 109/L (≥50 x 109 /L if myeloma involvement in the bone marrow is
 > 50%) within 14 days prior to drug administration).

 -  Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1 x 109/L without the use of growth factors.

 -  Corrected serum calcium ≤14 mg/dL (3.5 mmol/L).

 -  Alanine transaminase (ALT): ≤ 3 x the ULN.

 -  Total bilirubin: ≤ 2 x the ULN.

 -  Calculated or measured creatinine clearance ≥ 15 mL/min (or, as alternative serum
 creatinine <2 mg/dL).

 -  LVEF ≥ 40%. 2-D transthoracic echocardiogram (ECHO) is the preferred method of
 evaluation. Multigated Acquisition Scan (MUGA) is acceptable if ECHO is not available
 (not applicable in Germany).

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Pregnant or lactating females

 -  Patient has active infectious hepatitis type B or C or HIV.

 -  Patients with active congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA]
 Class III to IV), symptomatic ischemia, or conduction abnormalities uncontrolled
 by conventional intervention.

 -  Peripheral neuropathy (PN) > CTCAE grade 2 and ≥ grade 2 painful PN (with the
 difference being in the exclusion of patients with Grade 2 painful PN).

 -  Known history of allergy to Captisol (a cyclodextrin derivative used to
 solubilize carfilzomib)

 -  Known history of intolerability to high dose dexamethasone

 -  Contraindication to any of the required concomitant drugs or supportive
 treatments, including hypersensitivity to all anticoagulation and anti-platelet
 options, antiviral drugs, or intolerance to hydration due to preexisting
 pulmonary or cardiac impairment.

 -  Subject with pleural effusions requiring thoracentesis or ascites requiring
 paracentesis within 14 days prior to baseline;

 -  Patient has any other clinically significant illness that would, in the
 investigator's opinion, increase the patient's risk for toxicity.

 -  Patient with a prior malignancy within the last 5 years (except for basal or
 squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or in situ cancer of the cervix or breast,
 or localized prostate cancer of Gleason score <7 with a stable PSA).