Burst Spinal Cord Stimulation for Neuropathic Pain.
Burst Spinal Cord Stimulation for Neuropathic Pain.
This study will evaluate the effect of Burst spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in the treatment
 of painful radiculopathy in lower extremity(ies) with or without lower back pain. It is a
 multicenter double-blinded "n-of-1" RCT with repeated two-week periods of Burst SCS or sham
 in randomised order.
SCS is a treatment offered to patients with peripheral neuropathic pain, and involves
 electrical stimulation of the spinal cord. The analgesic effect is possibly mediated via both
 spinal and supra-spinal mechanisms.

 Traditional "tonic" SCS causes paresthesia during treatment, but the newer burst technique
 (five electrical pulses at 500Hz delivered in intermittent packets of 40 Hz) can be performed
 below detection level. Thus, it is possible to do double-blinded sham-controlled studies.

 In this study, we will study the effect of burst SCS compared with sham on pain intensity and
 function (Patient-Specific Functional Scale). In addition, we will use several questionnaires
 (psychometric data, health-related quality of life, sleep, global impression of change, use
 of analgesics, blinding).
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  History, symptoms and clinical findings consistent with painful radiculopathy in lower
 extremity(ies) ("probable" or "definite") for at least 3 months, with or without lower
 back pain. The pain in the extremity(ies) must dominate.

 -  Understand Norwegian or Swedish language (written and spoken).

 -  Usual pain intensity ≥ 3.5 / 10 (NRS 0-10)

 Exclusion Criteria:

 Absolute

 -  Opioid dose > 100 mg morphine equivalents / day

 -  Ongoing litigation

 -  Mental / psychiatric disorder that may affect treatment

 -  Chronic generalized pain

 -  Pregnancy

 -  Hypersensitivity to local anesthetics

 -  Serious or unclear medical condition such as angina pectoris, severe vascular
 disorder, infection, malignancy disease, bleeding disorders

 -  Laminectomy in or above level for planned epidural access

 -  Spine surgery the last 3 months

 Relative

 -  Ongoing medication that affects coagulation or platelet function