A Pilot Study to Measure Blood Levels of Desflurane in Children
A Pilot Study to Measure Blood Levels of Desflurane in Children
In this feasibility study we will collect blood from indwelling arterial catheters in up to
 20 patients undergoing non-emergent surgery with desflurane anesthesia at Children's Hospital
 of Philadelphia. Desflurane levels will be determined by high pressure liquid chromatography
 (HPLC).

 Our eventual goal is to quantify fetal levels of desflurane in umbilical cord blood during
 fetal surgery. We propose a pilot study to assess the ability of our assay to measure
 desflurane in human blood.
Fetal surgery is an evolving field. Some previously fatal diseases can be surgically
 corrected before birth. Animal models of the procedures have been carefully translated to
 humans, but less is known about anesthetic techniques. In children, inadequate anesthesia
 results in greater stress responses as shown by cardiovascular, neuro-endocrine, and
 metabolic changes. These stress responses have been associated with poorer outcomes. One of
 the major goals of anesthesia for these procedures is to attenuate this stress response.
 Fetuses get intramuscular opioids before their incision, and the mother is given high doses
 of volatile anesthetic (desflurane) with the assumption that whatever amount of desflurane
 crosses the placenta adequately anesthetizes the fetus. No studies have quantified the fetal
 levels of desflurane.

 High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used to measure levels of volatile
 anesthetic in various tissues. Measurement of desflurane has been challenging because of its
 higher boiling point (23.5 °C at one atmosphere pressure) when compared to older volatile
 anesthetics such as sevoflurane (boiling point 58.6 °C) and isoflurane (boiling point 48.5
 °C). With techniques in cold rooms and using ice for sample transport, investigators have
 successfully measured desflurane levels in blood and brain tissue of mice.

 Our eventual goal is to quantify fetal levels of desflurane in umbilical cord blood during
 fetal surgery, but we first propose a pilot study to assess and refine the ability of our
 assay to measure desflurane in human blood.
Inclusion Criteria:

 1. Children between 1 and 18 years old

 2. Weight >10 kg

 3. Scheduled for elective surgery

 4. Patient will have an arterial catheter placed as routine care for the surgery

 5. Informed consent (and assent if applicable)

 Exclusion Criteria:

 1. Desflurane not used as part of anesthetic

 2. Preoperative hemoglobin less than 9 mg/dl

 3. Any investigational drug use within 30 days prior to enrollment

 4. Pregnant or lactating females