Efficacy of Three-dimensionally Integrated Exercise for Scoliosis in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Efficacy of Three-dimensionally Integrated Exercise for Scoliosis in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is one of the most prevalent spinal deformity that may
 progress sharply during growth. It is recommended that the physiotherapeutic
 scoliosis-specific exercises should be the first step to treat idiopathic scoliosis to
 prevent/limit progression of the deformity. Three-dimensionally integrated exercise for
 scoliosis is based the theory of physiotherapeutic scoliosis specific exercises, and consists
 of patient education, 3-dimension self-correction, stabilization of the corrected posture and
 training activity of daily living, combined with neuro-motor control, proprioceptive
 training, balance training, etc., forming the individual exercise approach for each patient.
 Nevertheless, the evidence concerning three-dimensionally integrated exercise for scoliosis
 is inadequate. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the effect of
 three-dimensionally integrated exercise intervention on the change of Cobb angle, angle of
 trunk rotation(ATR), sagittal profile, and quality of life, compared to standard care for
 patients with mild AIS.

 Informed consent will be obtained from each patient and one of their parents prior to
 inclusion. Eligible subjects will be randomized by a 1:1 allocation ratio by computer either
 to the experimental group, in which they will perform three-dimensionally integrated exercise
 for scoliosis, or the control group, in which they will receive the standard of care with
 observation according to the Scoliosis Research Society criteria.Blinded assessments at
 baseline and immediately post 6-month intervention will include radiographic measurement,
 trunk rotation, sagittal profile and health related quality-of-life.
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is one of the most prevalent spinal deformity that may
 progress sharply during growth. According to the severity of the curve, the major treatment
 approaches for patient with AIS include exercises, bracing and surgery, to correct, prevent
 or stop the progression of the deformity.In North America, Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)
 has been published the standard of care for AIS: patients with curves between 10 and 25°
 should be observation who are still growing. While in the Europe, the International
 Scientific Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT) has
 recommended that the physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises should be the first step
 to treat idiopathic scoliosis to prevent/limit progression of the deformity.
 Three-dimensionally integrated exercise for scoliosis is based the theory of
 physiotherapeutic scoliosis specific exercises, and consists of patient education,
 3-dimension self-correction, stabilization of the corrected posture and training activity of
 daily living, combined with neuro-motor control, proprioceptive training, balance training,
 etc., forming the individual exercise approach for each patient. Nevertheless, the evidence
 concerning three-dimensionally integrated exercise for scoliosis is inadequate. Therefore,
 the objective of this study is to determine the effect of three-dimensionally integrated
 exercise intervention on the change of Cobb angle, angle of trunk rotation(ATR), sagittal
 profile, and quality of life, compared to standard care for patients with mild AIS.

 The present study is a single-center prospective randomised controlled trial conducted at the
 department of rehabilitation medicine, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong
 University School of Medicine. The demographic data (height, weight), menarche status for the
 girls, family history, will be recorded by the physician.

 Informed consent will be obtained from each patient and one of their parents prior to
 inclusion. Eligible subjects will be randomized by a 1:1 allocation ratio by computer either
 to the experimental group, in which they will perform three-dimensionally integrated exercise
 for scoliosis, or the control group, in which they will receive the standard of care with
 observation according to the Scoliosis Research Society criteria. Blinded assessments at
 baseline and immediately post 6-month intervention will include radiographic measurement,
 trunk rotation, sagittal profile and health related quality-of-life.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  A diagnosis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis;

 -  Age from 10 to 16 years;

 -  A Cobb angle of 10 to 20 degree;

 -  A Risser sign of 0-3;

 -  No other treatment which might affect scoliosis.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Non-idiopathic scoliosis, which caused by neuromuscular disorder, vertebral
 malformation, trauma, tumor, or other diseases;

 -  Accompanying mental problems, neurological-muscular or rheumatic diseases;

 -  Previous operation history of spine or lower extremities;

 -  Previous exercises or brace treatment history;

 -  Having contraindications to exercise.