Correlation Between the Pulmonary Function Parameters and the Circulatory Parameters (PSV, EDV, RI) of Retrobulbar Blood Vessels (CRA, PCA, and OA) in 48 T2DM Patients Did Not Combinate With DR
Correlation Between the Pulmonary Function Parameters and the Circulatory Parameters (PSV, EDV, RI) of Retrobulbar Blood Vessels (CRA, PCA, and OA) in 48 T2DM Patients Did Not Combinate With DR
Objective: The main target of this study was to research the correlation between the
 pulmonary function and the circulatory parameters of retrobulbar blood vessels in patients
 with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) without diabetic retinopathy (DR).

 Method: T2DM patients without DR were choose to research the correlation between the
 pulmonary function and the circulatory parameters of retrobulbar blood vessels. The primary
 endpoints were the pulmonary function parameters; The secondary endpoints were the HbA1c,
 FPG, 2hPG, WC, and BMI. The tertiary endpoints were the blood-fat; In addition, the
 retrobulbar circulation in the retrobulbar blood vessels were evaluated using color doppler
 imaging (CDI).
Pulmonary function parameters (VC%, FVC%, FEV1%, PEF%, MVV%, TLC%, FEV1/FVC%, DLCO%, and
 DLCO/VA%); the retrobulbar circulation (PSV, EDV, RI);retrobulbar blood vessels (CRA, PCA,
 and OA);blood-fat(TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG).

 Pulmonary function was measured by spirometer which was provided by Jaska Corporation in
 Japan, model number: HI-101; The CDI recordings were taken using a Powervision SSA-380A
 (Toshiba, Japan) using a 7-MHz transducer.
Inclusion Criteria:

 1. The patients were diagnosed with T2DM according to the guidelines of the American
 Diabetes Association;

 2. No smoking history, pulmonary disease nor pulmonary infection within a fortnight;

 3. Did not have hepatopathy, nephropathy, and gastrointestinal disease; and

 4. Likely to have good compliance and able to visit our hospital for periodic
 assessments.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 1. T1DM, gestation and lactation;

 2. Renal inadequacy, a serum creatinine >132 µmol/L (male), or a serum creatinine >123
 µmol/L (female);

 3. hypohepatia, the liver enzyme was two times higher than normal;

 4. Intensive care with insulin treatment;

 5. The patients combinated with DR and hypertension (antihypertensive drugs were used);

 6. Patients with other eye conditions that could affect the blood flow, such as high
 degree myopia, maculopathy of any origin, glaucoma, and those with a history of laser
 treatment or introacular surgery;

 7. New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure, a history of coronary
 angioplasty, coronary stent placement, coronary bypass surgery, or myocardial
 infarction within 6 months; 8) Cholesterol-lowering drugs can not control the
 blood-fat (TC > 250 mg/dl, HDL-C < 30 mg/dL, LDL-C > 170 mg/dl, TG > 200 mg/dl)
 adequately; and

 9) Use of systemically injected glucocorticoids within 3 months prior to our study.