Prediction of WMH in Migraine Using a BOLD-CVR Map
Prediction of WMH in Migraine Using a BOLD-CVR Map
Brain white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are prevalent in migraineurs, of which the
 mechanism is still unclear. The investigators aimed to test the spatial association between
 areas with reduced cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to hypercapnic stimuli and consequent
 development of WMHs.
A whole-brain map of CVR will be created in patients with migraine and normal controls.
 Hypercapnic stimuli for CVR will be delivered by prospective end-tidal CO2 targeting device.
 Hemodynamic responses will be determined by BOLD signal changes using fMRI. WMHs will be
 determined by high-resolution 3D FLAIR imaging. Patients and controls will undergo serial
 MRIs with 1 year interval. Associations between areas of reduced CVR and consequent WMH
 development will be tested in both patients and controls.
Inclusion Criteria:

 1. Migraineurs(patients) :

 -  age 18-50 years

 -  migraine with or without aura as defined by the third edition of the
 International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3 beta)

 -  migraine duration > 6 months

 -  episodic migraine feature headache (< 15 attacks/m)

 -  not any preventive medications for migraine

 2. Control:

 -  age 18-50 years

 -  no headache disorder requiring painkillers within the past year

 -  no more than moderate intensity of headache within the past year

 -  no headache disorder other than Infrequent episodic tension-type headache as
 defined by the ICHD-3 beta

 Exclusion criteria:

 -  chronic migraine within last month (≥15 attacks/m)

 -  medication overuse headache as defined by ICHD-3 beta

 -  other comorbid disease that may affect vascular function (Hypertension, diabetes,
 hyperlipidemia, cerebral infarction, smoking etc)

 -  can not breath 20 L for 1 minute because of basal cardiopulmonary disease (chronic
 obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure etc)

 -  a disease that can be exacerbated by elevated PCO2 in blood (Interstitial lung
 disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis etc)

 -  predicted to be unable to write the headache diary due to cognitive decline

 -  contraindications to MRI

 -  pregnancy

 -  refusal to informed consent