Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Dystonia and Tremor
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Dystonia and Tremor
The study will include subjects diagnosed with Dystonic Tremor (DT), Essential Tremor (ET),
 and healthy controls in the age range of 21-80 years. Electroencephalography (EEG) will be
 used as the primary outcome measure. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) will be used
 over the motor cortices or cerebellar cortices as an intervention that is expected to have
 short-term (less than an hour) electrophysiological effects.
The primary goal of this study is to compare differences in cortical activity of patients
 with tremor before and after applying a session of rTMS. Specifically, the investigators will
 apply rTMS to the primary motor cortex (M1) as our group and others have shown abnormal
 function of the region. Moreover, a study shows that targeting of M1 and the dorsal premotor
 cortex (dPMC) with rTMS results in a trend towards improved clinical outcome in patients with
 focal hand dystonia and cervical dystonia. The central hypothesis of this study is that rTMS
 can modify cortical oscillations in patient populations with tremor and that the
 investigators will be able to detect these changes with the use of Electroencephalography
 (EEG). By applying inhibitory rTMS to the motor cortices, the investigators may expect a
 shift in cortical oscillations towards normal activity.
Inclusion Criteria for Dystonia and/or tremor:

 - Diagnosis of Dystonia and/or tremor according to the Consensus Statement of the Movement
 Disorders Society

 Exclusion Criteria Dystonia and/or tremor:

 -  Pregnancy

 -  Active seizure disorder

 -  Presence of a metallic object such as a pacemaker, implants, metal rods, and hearing
 aid

 -  History of stroke

 Inclusion Criteria for Healthy controls

 - There is no history of any neurological disorders.

 Exclusion Criteria for Healthy controls

 -  Pregnancy

 -  Any neurological disorders

 -  Presence of a metallic body in their brain

 -  History of stroke