Assessment of Changes in Metabolic Activity in Liver & Skeletal Muscle in Patients Suffering From Acromegaly
Assessment of Changes in Metabolic Activity in Liver & Skeletal Muscle in Patients Suffering From Acromegaly
Growth hormone (GH) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of body composition including
 ectopic lipid deposition in insulin sensitive organs like liver and skeletal muscle. Recent
 evidence indicates that the GH-IGF1 axis affects body composition via regulating
 mitochondrial oxidation capacity.

 Thus, excessive GH secretion by a pituitary adenoma (Acromegaly) might be accompanied by
 increased mitochondrial activity leading to inappropriately low intracellular lipid depots,
 especially in metabolically active tissue like liver and skeletal muscle.

 This study aims to assess metabolic activity and intracellular lipid content in skeletal
 muscle and liver in patients suffering from acromegaly compared to controls by 31P/1H
 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and in follow up examinations 3, 6 and 12 months after
 initiation of GH lowering treatments including surgery, somatostatinanalogs or pegvisomant,
 as well as oral glucose tolerance tests at each examination to assess treatment responses and
 calculate validated parameters for insulin sensitivity and resistance.
Background: Growth hormone (GH) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of body composition
 including ectopic lipid deposition in insulin sensitive organs like liver and skeletal
 muscle. Direct inhibition of growth hormone action by a receptor antagonist has been shown to
 induce hepatic steatosis and growth hormone replacement decreases liver fat content in obese
 humans. Of note, recent evidence indicates that the GH-IGF1 axis affects body composition via
 regulating mitochondrial oxidation capacity.

 Hypothesis: Direct and/or indirect effects of GH on mitochondrial function might mediate the
 changes in body composition and lipid deposition. Thus, excessive GH secretion by a pituitary
 adenoma (Acromegaly) might be accompanied by increased mitochondrial activity leading to
 inappropriately low intracellular lipid depots, especially in metabolically active tissue
 like liver and skeletal muscle.

 Aim: Assessment of metabolic activity and intracellular lipid content in skeletal muscle and
 liver in patients suffering from acromegaly compared to controls.

 Methods: Non-interventional study:

 -  31P/1H Magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and in follow up examinations 3, 6 and 12
 months after initiation of GH lowering treatments including surgery, somatostatinanalogs
 or pegvisomant.

 -  oral glucose tolerance tests at each examination to assess treatment responses and
 calculate validated parameters for insulin sensitivity and resistance.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  age between 18-75 years

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  (known) overt diabetes mellitus

 -  known coronary artery disease (history of myocardial infarction or angina pectoris)

 -  acute or chronic (inflammatory, metabolic [hyperlipidemia, arterial hypertension,
 thyroid disorder]) disease (healthy controls)

 -  intake of medication potentially affecting glucose or lipid metabolism

 -  metal devices or other magnetic material in or on the subjects body which will be
 hazardous for NMR investigation [heart pacemaker, brain (aneurysm) clip, nerve
 stimulators, electrodes, ear implants, post coronary by-pass graft (epicardial pace
 wires), penile implants, colored contact lenses, patch to deliver medications through
 the skin, coiled spring intrauterine device, vascular filter for blood clots,
 orthodontic braces, shunt- spinal or ventricular, any metal implants (rods, joints,
 plates, pins, screws, nails, or clips without MR-authorization), embolization coil, or
 any metal fragments or shrapnel in the body].

 -  tendency toward claustrophobia

 -  severe liver disorders (plasma transaminases elevated > 3fold)

 -  any acute inflammatory disease within 2 weeks prior the study

 -  pregnancy

 -  nursing

 -  clinically relevant anemia