A Study on a New Staining Method (C4d Staining) of Transplanted Kidney Biopsies
A Study on a New Staining Method (C4d Staining) of Transplanted Kidney Biopsies
Patients who had received kidney transplantation may suffer from rejection. Recently,
 positive staining for C4d in kidney biopsies of malfunctioning transplant kidney is
 increasingly recognized as an important prognostic indicator of poorer long-term kidney
 outcome. Data is, however, lacking in Hong Kong.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  All renal allograft biopsies performed in Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) during the
 period 1st April 2003 to 31st August 2005 for unexplained acute renal dysfunction
 (Creatinine rise from baseline by ≥ 20%) or delayed graft function in the immediate
 post-transplantation period were included in the study. Both cadaveric and
 living-donor transplant allografts were included.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  patients who were < 18 years' old at the time of renal biopsy or whose records were so
 incomplete that preclude meaningful analysis