Hazardous Surgical Smoke: Risk Assessment and Evaluation of a New Smoke Extractor System in the Surgical Unit
Hazardous Surgical Smoke: Risk Assessment and Evaluation of a New Smoke Extractor System in the Surgical Unit
The investigators will define two separate groups of surgical procedures: 1.) an 'open group'
 in which mainly open anatomic lung resections will be included, and 2.) a 'minimally
 invasive' group in which mainly thoracoscopic anatomic lung resections will be included.

 Both groups will then be randomized to either the performance of the surgical procedure under
 'standard conditions' or to the performance of the procedure with the additional use of a
 smoke evacuation system.

 During every procedure the hazardous smoke that is generated by the electrocautery in the
 surgical field will be collected through a tube at the height of the surgeons face. The smoke
 is then directly transferred to a mass spectrometer that is situated in the operating room
 (OR) and performs a real-time analysis of the chemical substances in the air. The degree of
 air pollution will be measured as well as the smoke evacuation systems' ability to reduce
 these hazardous chemical substances in the air can be evaluated.
Smoke samples will be continuously analyzed with a latest generation time of flight mass
 spectrometer in real time. Concerning the smoke evacuation device, the investigators will use
 the model IES 2 (Intelligent Evacuation System) from Erbe Swiss medical for this study.

 Since this is only an observational study in which the investigators are only recording the
 type of surgery (i.e. open oder minimally invasive) and not recording sensitive patient data,
 the local ethics committee waived the need for an ethics committee approval of the study. In
 the end the smoke evacuation system does not have an effect on the patient or the procedure
 itself, but may rather influence the concentration of hazardous surgical fumes in the
 operating theatre.
Inclusion Criteria:

 - All surgical procedures with a planned duration of more than 1 hour

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Patients with a contraindication for electrocautery use

 -  Patients with Pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

 -  Patients with an implanted neurostimulator device