Long Non Coding RNA HOTAIR and Midkine as Biomarkers in Thyroid Cancer
Long Non Coding RNA HOTAIR and Midkine as Biomarkers in Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy.Papillary thyroid carcinomas and
 follicular thyroid carcinomas account for 95% of all thyroid cancer cases. They are
 clinically classified as well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas due to their biological
 behavior resembling normal follicular cells and good responsiveness to surgery and
 radioiodine therapy . However, they are usually curable when discovered at early stages, but
 survival rates may be reduced from 100% in stages I and II to 50% at stage IV So,early
 detection is the key for successful treatment and reduction of mortality.

 pathological analysis by fine-needle aspiration biopsies has some limitations including
 difficulty in sampling small tumors, inconclusive diagnosis in up to 35% of patients and
 bleeding. Thus, biomarkers for diagnosis are needed.
Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy.Papillary thyroid carcinomas and
 follicular thyroid carcinomas account for 95% of all thyroid cancer cases. They are
 clinically classified as well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas due to their biological
 behavior resembling normal follicular cells and good responsiveness to surgery and
 radioiodine therapy . However, they are usually curable when discovered at early stages, but
 survival rates may be reduced from 100% in stages I and II to 50% at stage IV So,early
 detection is the key for successful treatment and reduction of mortality.

 pathological analysis by fine-needle aspiration biopsies has some limitations including
 difficulty in sampling small tumors, inconclusive diagnosis in up to 35% of patients and
 bleeding. Thus, biomarkers for diagnosis are needed.

 The concept of liquid biopsy was proposed in contrast to the traditional tissue biopsy which
 is particularly important for solid tumor diagnosis. It refers to the process of detecting
 genetic materials, using non-invasive method from blood or other body fluids.Long noncoding
 RNAs (LncRNAs) have recently been demonstrated to participate in cancer progression.HOTAIR is
 the type of non coding RNA that will be investigated for its ability to differentiate benign
 from malignant thyroid nodule Midkine a basic heparin-binding growth factor of low molecular
 weight, capable of exerting activities such as cell proliferation, cell migration,
 angiogenesis and fibrinolysis. Midkine expression is closely related with progression of
 tumor stage. If tumor tissues increase secretion of midkine, it becomes evident in serum.The
 expression of midkine gene in human tumor cells may reflect tumor formation and give clues to
 the biological behavior of neoplasms. Hence, the expression of midkine may serve as a tumor
 marker for diagnosis and follow-up.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  patient with thyroid mass

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  no other known organ malignancy no previous chemotherapy