Anti-insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF-1R) Antibodies in Graves' Disease and Graves' Orbitopathy
Anti-insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF-1R) Antibodies in Graves' Disease and Graves' Orbitopathy
The study is aimed at assessing IGF-1R-Abs in patients with Graves' disease, with or without
 GO, compared with healthy subjects and patients with autoimmune thyroiditis in a
 cross-sectional investigation.
Inclusion Criteria:

 1. for Graves' disease: a history of hyperthyroidism, associated with previous or present
 detectable serum autoantibodies against the TSH-R;

 2. for autoimmune thyroiditis: the presence of at least two of the following: a) primary
 hypothyroidism; b) detectable serum autoantibodies against thyroglobulin or
 thyroperoxidase ; c) a hypoechoic pattern of the thyroid by ultrasound examination.

 3. for healthy subjects: absence of any clinical, biochemical or instrumental evidence of
 thyroid diseases.

 For all subjects: Informed consent

 Exclusion Criteria:

 1) lack of informed consent