Study With Trabectedin in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carrier and BRCAness Phenotype Ovarian Cancer
Study With Trabectedin in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carrier and BRCAness Phenotype Ovarian Cancer
This is a multicenter phase II study on trabectedin in advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer
 patients with BRCA mutation and BRCAness phenotype.

 The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility in terms of objective response rate
 by RECIST version 1.1 (Complete and Partial Response [CR + PR]) with trabectedin in patients
 with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carrier or BRCAness phenotype advanced ovarian cancer patients.
The main contribution to hereditary ovarian cancer comes from breast cancer (BRCA) genes
 mutations, which are responsible of 90% of hereditary ovarian cancer. The two susceptibility
 genes associated with epithelial-type OC are BRCA1 and BRCA2.

 The BRCA proteins play an important role in the DNA repair mechanisms and are also involved
 in the control of the cell cycle checkpoints, in protein ubiquitinization and chromatin
 remodelling.

 Mutations in the BRCA genes have been extensively described in families affected by breast
 and/or OC; mutated BRCA1 has been found in up to 75% of families with hereditary OC - Recent
 data suggest that dysfunction of BRCA1andBRCA2, so-called BRCAness, maybe more prevalent than
 originally assumed. Both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms can create the BRCAness phenotype
 in at least a third of all epithelial ovarian cancers. The definition of BRCAness ovarian
 cancer is: high-grade serous cancers, high initial sensitivity to platinum drugs and
 retention of platinum-sensitivity through multiple relapses, longer history of disease,
 longer survival, longer TFIs between relapses.

 Yondelis® (trabectedin) is proposed to block the transcriptional activation of a subset of
 inducible genes without affecting their constitutive expression. Trabectedin binds to the
 minor groove of DNA, bending the helix to the major groove. This binding to DNA triggers a
 cascade of events affecting several transcription factors, DNA binding proteins, and DNA
 repair pathways, resulting in perturbation of the cell cycle.

 Cell cycle studies of the action of trabectedin on tumor cells in vitro reveal that it
 decreases the rate of progression of the cells through S phase towards G2 and causes a
 prolonged blockade in G2/M at biologically relevant concentrations (20-80 nM). These cell
 cycle blocks are p53-independent and lead to a strong apoptopic response. Cells in G1 are
 more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of trabectedin. These effects appear to be related to
 the unique 3-subunit structure, where two of the subunits or rings are involved in binding to
 the minor groove of DNA in guanine-cytosine rich sequences and alkylation N2 of guanine
 forming adducts that distorted the DNA helix structure and they are recognized by the TC-NER
 mechanism.

 DNA repair proficiency is a major determinant for the cytotoxicity of trabectedin: human cell
 lines deficient for genes essential for TC-NER activity as XPA, XPB, XPD, XPF, XPG, ERCC1,
 CSA and CSB are resistant to trabectedin, and this resistance is reverted by complementation
 of the cells with the corresponding gene. Trabectedin induces double strand breaks and that
 the BRCA1-/- human cell line HCC1937 and BRCA2Δ22/Δ22 mice cells are more sensitive to
 trabectedin and this hypersensitivity is reverted by complementation by the BRCA1 or BRCA2
 gene.

 Based in these observations it was hypothesized that the NER machinery trapped in the DNA
 lesion induced by trabectedin was resolved by the cells producing double strand breaks that
 were repaired by the HRR machinery, and synergistic action of TC-NER and HRR machinery would
 be necessary for maximal trabectedin cytotoxicity.
Inclusion Criteria:

 1. Patients with partially platinum sensitive ovarian cancer (platinum-free interval 6-12
 months) who have previously received at least two platinum based chemotherapy lines,
 BRCA mutated or with BRCAness phenotype.

 -  Definition of BRCAness phenotype: high-grade serous cancers, great initial
 sensitivity to platinum drugs and retention of platinum-sensitivity through
 multiple relapses, long history of disease, long survival, long TFIs between
 relapses (patients with high personal risk factors will be included after doing
 the analysis for BRCA 1-2 mutation before knowing the results).

 -  BRCA 1 and/or BRCA 2 mutation carriers (patients with established mutation will
 be included, patients with high personal risk factors will be included after
 doing the analysis before knowing the results)

 2. Patients with platinum resistant ovarian cancer, BRCA mutated or with BRCAness
 phenotype who have previously received at least two previous chemotherapy lines
 (including platinum rechallenge).

 Definition of platinum resistant: Tumor progression within 6 months of completion of
 platinum-based therapy (after platinum re-challenge for platinum sensitive
 recurrence).

 3. Patient's written informed consent before any clinical trial-specific procedure.

 4. 18 years-of-age or older.

 5. Measurable disease as defined in the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors
 (RECIST) Guidelines

 6. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS) 0 or 1.

 7. Hematologic variables:

 1. Hemoglobin ≥9 g/dL

 2. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1,500/μL, and

 3. Platelet count ≥100,000/μL.

 8. Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg/dL or creatinine clearance ≥ 30 mL/min

 9. Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) ≤ 2.5 ULN.

 10. Hepatic function variables

 1. Total bilirubin ≤ ULN.

 2. Total alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2.5 ULN

 3. AST (serum aspartate transaminase [SGOT]) and ALT (serum alanine transaminase
 [SGPT]) must be ≤2.5 x ULN.

 11. Albumin ≥ 25 g/l.

 12. Adequately recovered from the acute toxicity of any prior treatment. -

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  1. Prior exposure to trabectedin. 2. Known hypersensitivity to any of the components
 of the trabectedin i.v. formulation or dexamethasone.

 3. Less than 2 prior chemotherapy lines given in patients with partially platinum
 sensitive, BRCA mutated or BRCAness phenotype, ovarian cancer recurrences (including
 platinum rechallenge).

 4. Patients with platinum refractory, BRCA mutated or with BRCAness phenotype, ovarian
 cancer.

 5. Less than 4 weeks from last dose of therapy with any investigational agent, or
 chemotherapy.

 6. History of another neoplastic disease (except basal cell carcinoma or cervical
 carcinoma in situ adequately treated) unless in remission for 3 years or longer.

 7. Known clinically relevant CNS metastases. 8. Other serious illnesses, such as:

 • Congestive heart failure or angina pectoris; myocardial infarction within 1 year
 before enrollment; uncontrolled arterial hypertension or arrhythmias

 -  Psychiatric disorder that prevents compliance with protocol

 -  Active viral hepatitis; or chronic liver disease

 -  Active infection

 -  Any other unstable medical conditions