Are There Protective Effects of Antioxidants, Calcium Channel Blocker and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Against Extracorporeal Shockwaves Lithotripsy Induced Renal Injury?
Are There Protective Effects of Antioxidants, Calcium Channel Blocker and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Against Extracorporeal Shockwaves Lithotripsy Induced Renal Injury?
This study will be conducted to evaluate the protective effects and mechanisms of
 antioxidants (vitamins A, C, E and Selenium), calcium channel blocker (Verapamil) and
 angiotensin receptor blocker (Lozartan) against shock wave induced renal injuries.
The protective effect will be evaluated via estimation of the changes in renal tubular enzyme
 (NGAL) and detection of albumen levels in urine. The mechanisms of protection will be
 investigated by estimation of renal perfusion and functional changes using dynamic MRI.
Inclusion Criteria:

 1. Well functioning kidney (serum creatinine <1.2 mg/dl).

 2. Solitary renal stone.

 3. Size: 25 mm or less in the largest diameter.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 1. Contraindications to ESWL

 2. Previous surgical treatment of renal stones.

 3. Congenital renal anomalies.

 4. Pediatric patients (age <18 years).

 5. Patients with Diabetes or hypertension