Phenotyping the Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRD) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Phenotyping the Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRD) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
World Health Organization (WHO) considers chronic respiratory disease (CRD) as one of its
 four priorities. These diseases include asthma and rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary
 diseases (COPD), occupational lung diseases, sleep apnoea syndromes, pulmonary hypertension,
 bronchiectasis and interstitial lung diseases. They constitute a serious public health
 problem in all countries throughout the world, in particular in low and middle income
 countries and in deprived populations. Hundreds of millions of people of all ages, in all
 countries of the world, are affected by chronic respiratory diseases. More than 50% of them
 live in low and middle income countries. Over 90% of deaths and the complete inability, due
 to CRDs occur in countries with low or middle incomes.

 The main causes of CRD are: tobacco smoke, occupational factors, indoor air pollution and
 outdoor air pollution, allergens, sequelae of respiratory infections such as tuberculosis.

 More than 30% of the population of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) could develop a CRD. In fact, 15%
 of children and 7% of adults could become asthma and 6% of the population could become COPD
 due to smoking. Children exposed to fumes from biomass burning, early in their life, seem to
 have a higher risk to develop COPD. The high level of air pollution in HCMC could aggravate
 asthma / COPD. Populations combining the rural risk (exposure to smoke from biomass) and the
 urban risk (smoking, pollution) may develop COPD much earlier (before age 40). Among the 9
 million people in HCMC, 50% of the population is rural origin. Within this population,
 parasites could play a protective role against the risk of allergic asthma and consequently,
 the better control of helminthiasis among urban population, may result in allergic diseases
 such as asthma and anaphylaxis. Finally, the sequelae of tuberculosis (incidence is
 200/100000) could participate to the morbidity of COPD / CRD.

 Study granted by the ARES-CUD ("Comission universitaire au développement")
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Age: ≥ 18 years old

 -  Gender: Female and Male

 -  Signed informed consent

 -  Out-patients at the Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital

 -  One or several symptoms suggesting chronic respiratory disease (cough, chest
 tightness, wheezing, dyspnoea, sputum), lasting 3 months or more.

 -  Lung function defect (FEV1/FVC < 0,7 or FEV1 < 80% PV with FEV1/FVC > 0,7 or FEV1> 80%
 PV and FEV1/FVC > 0,7 with a decrease of DLCO (< 80% PV).

 FEV1: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second FVC : Forced Vital Capacity PV: predicted value
 DLCO: Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide

 -  Patients are able to stop anti-histamine 5 days before evaluation.

 -  Patients are able to stop bronchodilator treatment before performing lung function
 test according to standard practice (immediate release theophylline: 24 hours, long
 acting β2-agonist: 12 hours, short acting β2-agonist: 6 hours and short acting
 anticholinergic: 8 hours).

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  The patients do not agree to participate in the study.

 -  Presence of one or more chronic diseases: HIV, active tuberculosis, hypertension,
 heart failure, diabetes, low BMI (<18.5) or mental health disorders.

 -  Treatment with B-blockers, drugs of vascular/heart disease