High Intensity Phototherapy: Double vs. Single
High Intensity Phototherapy: Double vs. Single
Intensive phototherapy in form of double light is used worldwide in the treatment of severe
 neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. It has been debated if there is an upper limit on the efficiency
 of phototherapy. This study investigates whether double phototherapy reduces total serum
 bilirubin faster than single light during intensive phototherapy, using light emitting
 diodes, and whether there is an upper limit for the efficacy of phototherapy.
Hyperbilirubinemia occurs in 60 - 80 % of newborns during the first days of life, among
 others because of immaturity of the enzyme uridin-glukuronosyl-transferase (UGT1A1) in the
 liver. In seldom cases with very high total serum bilirubin concentration (TsB), bilirubin
 can cross the blood-brain barrier and the deposition of unconjugated bilirubin in the central
 nervous system may cause acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE). This can progress to chronic
 bilirubin encephalopathy (CBE), a devastating condition, which unfortunately still occurs,
 even in industrialised countries.

 Hyperbilirubinemia gets severe for 2 - 6 % of infants born at term or late preterm, which
 means, they need treatment to prevent ABE and the treatment of choice is phototherapy due to
 its efficacy and safety. Hereby bilirubin in the skin and plasma is converted to
 photobilirubins; they are water-soluble and can be excreted through the liver without
 conjugation. They are presumably non-toxic. In most departments, single phototherapy is first
 choice. To avoid the above-mentioned damaging condition, it is very important to optimize
 phototherapy.

 Former fluorescent tubes were used as light source, but now light emission diodes (LED) are
 used.

 This study investigates whether double phototherapy reduces total serum bilirubin faster than
 single light during intensive phototherapy, using LED, and whether there is an upper limit
 for the efficacy of phototherapy.

 It is a prospective, randomised controlled study. The infants will be randomized to either 1:
 Conventional phototherapy with blue LED light from above and a distance from light source to
 mattress of 30 cm, giving a light irradiance of 66 µW/cm2/nm or 2: Conventional phototherapy
 combined with a light blanket (Bilisoft) with a light irradiance by the skin of 39 µW/cm2/nm.
 TsB will be measured at start and after 12 - and 24 h of treatment. Based on the calculation
 of strength 72 infants will be needed in this study. As statistical methods t-tests will be
 used and multiple linear regression models will be used to adjust for confounding.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Otherwise healthy newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia without signs of hemolytic
 disease

 -  gestational age ≥33 weeks

 -  birth weight ≥1800 g

 -  The infants should be treatable in a cradle

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Infants fulfilling the indications for exchange transfusion or double phototherapy due
 to a very high initial or rapidly increasing TsB will not be enrolled.