Pain Modulatory Profiles in Massage for Healthy Participants
Pain Modulatory Profiles in Massage for Healthy Participants
One in ten adults experience widespread pain. Neck pain, for example, is a prevalent
 condition with a high rate of recurrence that affects between 10.4% and 21.3% of the
 population annually.

 Massage is a common manual therapy intervention for individuals with musculoskeletal pain.
 However, the mechanisms of massage are not well established. Also, the conditioned pain
 modulation (CPM) paradigm is a dynamic quantitative sensory testing measure of a pain
 inhibitory process in which pain sensitivity is lessened in response to a remotely applied
 painful stimulus.

 This study will evaluate the association between pain inducing massage and the conditioned
 pain modulation paradigm.
Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is the physical manifestation of the diffuse noxious
 inhibitory control (DNIC), an endogenous pain inhibitory pathway in which pain inhibits pain.
 Conditioned pain modulation is less efficient in individuals with chronic pain conditions and
 it is a predictor for the development of chronic pain.

 Massage is a common manual therapy intervention for individuals with musculoskeletal pain.
 Greater changes in pain sensitivity occur following pain inducing massage suggesting a
 mechanism dependent upon the efficiency of the conditioned pain modulation response.

 The study team will evaluate the association between pain inducing massage and the
 conditioned pain modulation paradigm. Healthy participants will be randomly assigned to
 receive a pain inducing massage, a pain free massage, or participate in a coldpressor task.
 Pre-and post intervention pain sensitivity including conditioned pain modulation will be
 assessed. The study team will determine if analgesia induced by massage is similar to the
 conditioned pain modulation paradigm and compare changes in pain sensitivity between groups.

 Previous research has indicated pain inducing massage is more effective than pain free
 massage suggesting a mechanism dependent upon conditioned pain modulation. However, this
 study will be the first to systematically investigate if analgesia induced by pain inducing
 massage is similar to the conditioned pain modulation paradigm. Furthermore, this study will
 be the first to determine the association between baseline conditioned pain modulation and
 massage related hypoalgesia.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  pain free

 -  blood pressure under 140/90 mmHg

 -  ability of therapist to locate necessary trigger points on participant

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg

 -  inability of therapist to locate necessary trigger points on participant

 -  systemic medical condition known to affect sensation (i.e. diabetes)

 -  regular use of prescription pain medication to manage pain

 -  current or history of chronic pain condition

 -  currently using blood thinning medication

 -  any blood clotting disorder such as hemophilia

 -  any contraindication to application of ice or cold pack, such as: uncontrolled
 hypertension, cold urticaria, cryoglobulinemia, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, and
 circulatory compromise

 -  non-English speaking