Comparison of Three Kinds of Postoperative Analgesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Comparison of Three Kinds of Postoperative Analgesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be difficult to manage and may
 delay recovery. There are multimodal postoperative pain management after TKA, including
 intravenous opioids, epidural analgesia, peripheral nerve blocks or periarticular
 infiltration with local anesthetics. All of these treatments may lead to side effects such as
 nausea, headache, hypotension, urinary retention, partial motor block and infection of the
 knee. Therefore the investigators will compare three methods of postoperative analgesic after
 TKA by their efficiency and complication.
Inclusion Criteria:

 1. Patients of American Association of anesthetists（ASA）Grade 1、2 or 3

 2. Aged between 18 and 85 years

 3. Undergoing elective total knee replacement

 Exclusion Criteria:

 1. Mental illness can not match

 2. Nerve block, epidural anesthesia contraindicated

 3. People who have Slow-type arrhythmias

 4. History of chronic headaches and long-term use of analgesic drugs

 5. People who were postoperative consciousness, language or hearing impaired