Assessment of New Blood Culture Methods on the Microbiological Documentation of Febrile Neutropenia
Assessment of New Blood Culture Methods on the Microbiological Documentation of Febrile Neutropenia
Febrile neutropenia are microbiologically documented in only 30% of the cases, and almost
 exclusively by blood cultures. The reasons for this low documentation are likely multiple:
 (1) some of these fevers are of non-infectious origin. (2) The bacterial inoculum present in
 the blood may be low and consequently undetectable by conventional blood cultures.

 The primary objective of the study is to assess new blood culture procedures and technics, in
 order to improve the diagnostic yield of blood cultures during febrile neutropenic episodes.
Evaluation criteria are 1) proportion of microbiologically documented infections 2) time
 elapsed from bed side sampling to microbiological diagnostic, in case of positive sample.

 The assessed procedures included a large volume of blood, an early incubation made possible
 by the availability of a culture device in the hematology department, an early warning in
 case of positive blood culture, bacterial DNA detection in blood, and an early identification
 of the positive strains and their resistance profile.

 We hypothesize that the combination of these different procedures will improve the proportion
 of microbiologically blood culture from 30 to 45%. One hundred and 20 episodes of febrile
 neutropenia are necessary to achieve this goal.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  age > 18 y

 -  first episode of febrile neutropenia during a given neutropenic phase

 -  PMN < 500/mm3, chemotherapy-induced

 -  fever > 38°C twice, or < 38°3C once

 -  signed informed consent

 Exclusion Criteria:

 - patient already receiving empirical or therapeutic antibacterial after their first
 episode of febrile neutropenia