Effectiveness of Pharmacist Interventions in Difficult Asthma
Effectiveness of Pharmacist Interventions in Difficult Asthma
Of the 5.2 million people with asthma in the UK, approximately one in every 40 have severe
 asthma that needs the maximum available treatments advised in national asthma guidelines
 (known as the 'British Thoracic Society / Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network British
 Guideline on the Management of Asthma'). Despite this, asthma is still inadequately
 controlled in about half of these patients and they are classed as having 'difficult asthma'.
 There maybe potential for improvement of the care and health of these patients through better
 use of medicines and greater input from pharmacists, but more research is needed.

 The aim of the study is to measure the effects over six months of coordinated information and
 advice about medicines from hospital and community pharmacists on asthma control in patients
 with difficult asthma. The patients in the study (52 in total) will be recruited from adult
 patients attending a specialist difficult asthma clinic in a hospital.

 Patients will be randomly chosen to have either an appointment with the specialist pharmacist
 (intervention group), or usual medical care (control group). Usual care will involve seeing
 the Consultant or Specialist Registrar (doctor) in the clinic. Patients in the intervention
 group will receive i) assessment and education on asthma, and review of their inhaler
 technique, from a hospital Advanced Clinical Pharmacist and ii) will also be referred for a
 medicines use review from their usual community pharmacist (chemist), to take place 1-2
 months after their hospital clinic appointment. The Advanced Clinical Pharmacist will be
 working closely with the Consultant.

 Results will be measured using methods that have been developed by experts in asthma and
 tested in previous research. Asthma control will be measured using Juniper's Asthma Control
 Questionnaire. Other measurements will cover quality of life, use of medication, use of
 healthcare resources, and inhaler technique.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Clinical diagnosis of asthma

 -  Fulfil the criteria for difficult asthma (defined as persistent symptoms and/or
 frequent exacerbations despite treatment at step 4 or step 5 of the British TYhoracic
 Society / SIGN asthma guidelines 2011)

 -  Adult patients age between 18 and 70 years

 -  Able to speak, read and write in English

 -  All patients must have received their regular medication from the same Community
 Pharmacy for at least 3 months prior to their baseline visit

 -  Their community pharmacy must be registered with Leeds Primary Care Trust(PCT) to
 undertake targeted Medicines Use Reviews (tMURs).

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Failure to meet the inclusion criteria

 -  Patient is not responsible for administering their own medications

 -  Patient is unlikely to be available for the 6-month follow-up period

 -  Failure to provide written informed consent

 -  Patient has had an MUR within the 12 months preceding the study period.