How Prefabricated Plantar Insoles Can Reduce the Pronation
How Prefabricated Plantar Insoles Can Reduce the Pronation
Pronation is a very common foot deformity in population. Plantar insoles are one way to treat
 it, and even correct it, but there are several kind of treatments. In this study we try to
 prove if prefabricated foot insoles are a solution to correct pronation in adults. It has
 been tested by Foot Posture Index, that it is an objetive clinical test to measure the
 posture of feet. Foot is clasified in supinated , pronated and neutral.
Nowadays several treatments have been described to treat pronation foot posture, althought
 these ones heven´t proved objetively the improvement and progression of foot deformity like
 "Foot Posture Index" does,. Foot pronation during walking is a physiological movement at the
 beginning of stance phase. It is a needed mechanism which allows the lower limb muscles to
 support the reaction forces from the ground and to give the forefoot wider range of movement
 . When there is pronation movement in weight bearing of subtalar joint, the calcaneus does a
 movement of eversión while talus does a plantarflexion and movement of aduction .The movement
 is raised due to the paralelism of midfoot joints and the forefoot is forced to compensate
 the rearfoot position, gettting into dorsiflexion and abduction which leads to a flattening
 of the medial arch. it is known pronation or flatfoot. Pronation movement is a pathology when
 it happens during the second part of the stance phase, the 25% at the beginning or when
 deformity is abnormal provoking an excessive rearfoot eversion with flattenig of the medial
 arch which will lead to a lower limb misalignment . This doesn´t allow the foot to be a rigid
 part needed to propulsion phase, so muscles must work excessively to give balance. The
 pronated foot etiology can be congenital or laxity or due to triceps sural shortening, or
 functional etiology like varus forefoot, metatarsus aductus or tibial posterior
 insufficiency. There are some secundary painful pathologies which are the most frequent
 reason of podiatric appointment.. Plantar fascitis is one of the pathologies, and adquired
 deformities like Hallux Abductus Valgus, Hallux Límitus/Rigidus and other lower limb
 deformities like medial compatiment ostheoartritis of knee or patellofemoral syndrome.

 Pronated foot can be defined like a foot that has rearfoot eversion and medial protusion of
 the head of talus, forefoot abduction, flatted medial arch and joint movement greater. This
 shows a flat foot aspect, depending on the grades of pronation deformity that pacient
 presents. Both situations are linked and their behaviour are functionally similar.

 Attending on consequences and the pathologies derivated of this deformity there are some
 treatments to stop it and avoid structural alterations of leg and foot. For instance, hallux
 abductus Valgus, the pathological pronation is the first ray´s extrinsic ethilogic factor,
 both frequency and capacity to produce pathology.

 The compensation of pathological pronation of rearfoot is important to control the deformity
 evolution. Is commonly accepted by podiatric scientific community that control of pronation
 can avoid the deformity progression when it is presented (or this progression was slower) and
 avoid when it wasn´t present yet. Foot Posture Index is a clinical diagnostics tool compounds
 by 6 criteria that allow to asses reliability the weightbearing foot posture. It is a
 inexpensive and simple method that doesn´t imply risks to people.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  feet without symptom

 -  not present joint deformities to difficult the right measure of them

 -  aged between 18 to 50 years

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  don´t have degenerative ostheoarticular deformities

 -  don´t have surgery iinterventions of lower limbs

 -  balance problems

 -  painful keratopaties or plantar warts that difficults stance phase

 -  use of others orthopaedics treatements (plantar insoles)

 -  don´t be able to step correctly and coordinated on platform to inspect the foot
 posture