Ocular Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) to Detect Optic Disc Swelling in Comparison to Ophthalmologic Examination
Ocular Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) to Detect Optic Disc Swelling in Comparison to Ophthalmologic Examination
Pediatric emergency department (PED) physicians frequently encounter children with symptoms
 that warrant evaluation of the optic disc for suspected increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
 such as headache, blurred vision, recurrent vomiting etc. Fundoscopic examination, by the PED
 physician, is considered an essential modality for assessment of the optic disc and the
 diagnosis of papilledema. Obtaining good visualization of the optic disc requires patient
 compliance, the ability to open the eyelids, the absence of opacities in the ocular media and
 a sufficiently large pupillary aperture. Hence, different levels of PED physician training,
 lack of cooperation, significant ocular or periorbital trauma, contraindications to mydriasis
 and severe photophobia may hinder direct fundoscopic evaluation.

 In the investigators' PED, children requiring fundoscopy are sent to a formal ophthalmologic
 examination. The investigators aim to evaluate the yield of optic disc height as measured
 with ocular point of care ultrasound to detect optic disc swelling in comparison to
 ophthalmologic examination as the gold standard.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Consecutive patients from the PED,

 -  Aged 0-18 years,

 -  Who require funduscopic examination and referred to ophthalmologic evaluation.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Direct trauma to the eye with suspicion of ruptured globe or laceration of the eyelid,

 -  History of glaucoma.