Acute High Fat Bulletproof Coffee vs Black Coffee on Metabolism, Inflammation and Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults
Acute High Fat Bulletproof Coffee vs Black Coffee on Metabolism, Inflammation and Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults
This study will determine whether acute ingestion of a high fat "Bulletproof Coffee" will
 lead to changes in plasma triglycerides, immune cell function, as well as cognitive function
 when compared to a black coffee.
In a randomized crossover design, participants will consume a single bulletproof coffee or a
 single black coffee separated by ~7 days. Each visit commences in the morning after an
 overnight fast of 10-12 hours, with no exercise the day prior, no coffee consumption the
 morning of testing, and completion of a food log for dietary duplication prior to visit 2. A
 fasting blood draw is obtained and cognitive function tests administered, along with
 questionnaires to assess gastrointestinal distress, arousal, and hunger/fullness before
 coffee consumption. Following this, one of the coffee beverages is consumed (randomized to
 each visit). Cognitive testing and questionnaires are completed at 60 minutes after finishing
 the coffee, another blood draw at 90 minutes, and then cognitive testing, questionnaires and
 a final blood draw 180 minutes after consuming the coffee. This procedure is repeated during
 their second experimental visit, in which they consume the remaining coffee based on their
 randomization.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Must be over the age of 18

 -  Must drink between 1-4 cups of coffee per day (on average)

 -  Must be able to tolerate lactose and dairy products

 -  Have not been sick for the past 3 weeks (immune function)

 -  Non smoker

 -  Must be able to fast for 10-12 hours

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  If you are required to take corticosteroids (immune function)

 -  Cannot understand or speak English

 -  Individual has an auto-immune disease and requires medication

 -  Individual is following a ketogenic diet

 -  Individual has allergy or sensitivity to dairy, coffee or caffeine or coconut oil

 -  Individual has hypertension