Drotaverine Hydrochloride Versus Hyoscine-N-butylbromide for Duodenal Antimotility During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Drotaverine Hydrochloride Versus Hyoscine-N-butylbromide for Duodenal Antimotility During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of drotaverine hydrochloride versus
 hyoscine-N-butylbromide in reducing duodenal motility during diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP.
ERCP is an important endoscopic technique in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic and
 biliary diseases. Duodenal peristalsis can make cannulation of the papilla and the necessary
 therapeutic procedures difficult. Intravenous hyoscine-N-butylbromide is often used during
 ERCP to inhibit duodenal motility and enhance cannulation in China. However, the
 pharmaceutical agent is occasionally associated with serious complications such as
 cardiovascular events or anaphylactic shock. Hyoscine-N-butylbromide may also affect the
 ocular, urinary, and salivary systems.

 Drotaverine hydrochloride is an analogue of papaverine with smooth muscle relaxant
 properties. It is a non-anticholinergic antispasmodic, which selectively inhibits
 phosphodiesterase IV and is accompanied by a mild calcium channel-blocking effect. Adverse
 effects with drotaverine hydrochloride, such as hypotension, vertigo, nausea, and
 palpitation, are mostly mild. It can be supposed that intravenous drotaverine hydrochloride
 might be a feasible antimotility alternative to intravenous hyoscine-N-butylbromide in ERCP.
 But there is no clear evidence to recommend the use of drotaverine hydrochloride as an
 antispasmodic during ERCP.

 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of drotaverine hydrochloride versus
 hyoscine-N-butylbromide in reducing duodenal motility during diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP.
 The effects of drotaverine hydrochloride on facilitative cannulation and its adverse effects
 were also compared to hyoscine-N-butylbromide.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  All patients undergoing ERCP above the age of 18 years

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Patient with Billroth II gastrectomy

 -  Known previous sphincterotomy

 -  Active acute pancreatitis before ERCP

 -  Ongoing acute cholangitis before ERCP

 -  Hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg)

 -  Second-degree and third-degree atrioventricular block

 -  Heart failure

 -  Glaucoma

 -  Obstructive uropathy

 -  Impaired renal function (serum creatinine > 133μmol/L)

 -  Pregnant or breastfeeding women