Dermoscopy of Hypo-pigmented Lesions in Children
Dermoscopy of Hypo-pigmented Lesions in Children
Hypo-pigmented skin lesions in children are of great concern in the society. They cause
 anxiety among children and their parents due to the social stigma attached to these
 conditions especially in dark skinned children. Hypo pigmented skin lesions are commonly
 encountered in day-to-day practice, and they pose a diagnostic challenge for the clinician.
 They are one of the commonest complains in the dermatology clinics and generally share the
 same patient complaint which is characterized by the presence of hypo or depigmented patches
 or macules .

 Dermoscopy may be a helpful as a non-invasive tool in assisting the differential diagnosis of
 several hypopigmented macular lesions and has the potential to improve the diagnostic
 accuracy.
Among the most common disorders of hypo-pigmentation in children are pityriasis alba,
 vitiligo, nevus depigmentosus, postinflammatory hypopigmentation and tinea versicolor ; while
 idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis and hypopigmented mycosis fungoides comes late.

 Pityriasis alba : is a low-grade type of eczema/dermatitis mostly occurring in children and
 young adults , usually seen as dry, fine-scaled, pale patches on the face .

 Vitiligo : is an acquired, autoimmune, idiopathic disorder characterized by circumscribed
 depigmented macules and patches with or without leukotrichia .

 Nevus depigmentosus : is a localized hypopigmentation which most of the time is congenital.
 It is considered as a form of cutaneous mosaicism.

 Postinflammatory hypopigmentation : is an acquired partial or total loss of skin pigmentation
 occurring after cutaneous inflammation. Many cutaneous inflammatory conditions lead to
 postinflammatory hypopigmentation in children as :Atopic dermatitis , Insect bite reactions,
 Psoriasis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome ….; Infections as Chickenpox, Impetigo …..; Cutaneous
 injuries from burns, irritants .All tend to induce postinflammatory hypopigmentation rather
 than hyperpigmentation .

 Pityriasis versicolor or tinea versicolor : is a fungal infection of the superficial layer of
 skin caused by Malassezia yeasts. It is clinically characterized by hyperpigmented or
 hypopigmented, round to oval lesions covered with scales commonly found on the trunk, upper
 arms and face. Although it's common in adults but it can be seen in older group of children .

 Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis : is an acquired leukoderma found in all races; Its
 pathogenesis is unknown but may depend on various factors such as patient age and
 sun-exposure. Clinically, the lesions are porcelain-white macules, usually 2-6 mm in size,
 but sometimes they are larger. The borders are sharply defined, often angular and irregular
 with normal skin markings.

 Mycosis fungoides, the most common primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: is a neoplastic disease
 characterized by classical non-infiltrated lesions (patches), plaques, tumors, and
 erythrodermic stages .It is considered a serious condition that has been seen before in
 children. Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides is one of its variants that is presented by
 hypopigmented-to-achromic lesions, sometimes with a vitiligo-like aspect.

 In addition to clinical picture, Woods light examination and potassium hydroxide scrapping
 for scaly hypopigmented macules and histopathological evaluation are used to be the gold
 standard tests for diagnosis of those hypopigmented lesions in children.

 Dermoscopy is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that permits the visualization of morphological
 features that are not visible to the naked eye thus representing a link between macroscopic
 clinical dermatology and microscopic dermatopathology . Recently, awareness and knowledge of
 dermoscopy have increased tremendously in many countries in diagnosis of many skin conditions
 .

 Dermoscopy may be a helpful as a non-invasive tool in assisting the differential diagnosis of
 several hypopigmented macular lesions and has the potential to improve the diagnostic
 accuracy. New studies have documented dermoscopic features in vitiligo , While very few
 reports have documented the dermoscopic features of the other hypopigmented lesions.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  All children up to (18) years old attending Assiut University Hospital complaining of
 hypopigmented skin lesions.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Patients on topical or systemic treatment ( in the last 1 and 3 months , respectively)
 will be excluded.