Influence of Injection Technique of Premixed Insulin on Glucose Excursion in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Influence of Injection Technique of Premixed Insulin on Glucose Excursion in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
To compare patients and nurses using insulin pen injector to inject premixed insulin
 respectively, using continuous glucose monitoring system to evaluate the glucose excursion in
 the two sets, study the relationship between glucose excursion and inject technique in type 2
 diabetes mellitus.
A total of 60 patients with type 2 diabetes who used premixed insulin will enrolled in this
 study.Measure their blood pressure，height and weight, BMI, liver and kidney function, blood
 lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, 2 hour postprandial glucose，fasting C
 peptide, 2 hour postprandial C peptide, fasting glucagon, 2 hour postprandial
 glucagon,fasting serum insulin，2 hour postprandial serum insulin，urinary albumin and insulin
 antibodies.The first and second days，the patients inject premixed insulin themselves，the
 specialist nurse graded the patient's injection technique score.The third and the fourth days
 the nurse change a new insulin with the same types maintain the same injection dosage.The
 patient need perform continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS) for 96-hours.
Inclusion Criteria:

 1. type 2 diabetes patients

 2. aged 20-80 years

 3. had been on premixed insulin and used an insulin pen for at least 3 months

 4. fasting glucose between 6.1-16 mmolL, postprandial(or random) glucose below
 22.2mmol/L.

 5. No acute complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic hypertosmolar syndrome.

 6. Subjects were able and willing to ues CGMS and eat regularly.

 7. Patients who were able to inject insulin themselves or actual injections can be
 accompanied.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 1. Insulin allergy.

 2. There has been a history of drug abuse and alcohol dependence in the past five years,
 or systemic hormone therapy within 3 months.

 3. Patients with poor compliance and irregular eating and exercise.

 4. Infection or stress within four weeks.

 5. Patients unable to tolerate CGMS.

 6. patients with pregnancy, breast-feeding, planning to have a baby

 7. patients with coagulopathy, serious complication,such as cardiovascular disease, end
 stage renal disease; and patients with severe retinopathy or other eye problems that
 impair their visual function, or cognitive dysfunction