Accelerated Contrast-Enhanced High Resolution Whole Heart Cardiac MRI
Accelerated Contrast-Enhanced High Resolution Whole Heart Cardiac MRI
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Cardiac MRI
 is a non-invasive non-ionizing technique for a comprehensive cardiac exam, which can be used
 in the diagnosis of CAD. In this work, the investigators will develop and validate techniques
 for accelerated cardiac MRI, offering better volumetric coverage of the heart, improved
 contrast, and superior spatial and temporal resolutions.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, even though
 significant efforts have been made in prevention and diagnosis. The clinical gold standard
 for diagnosis of CAD is catheter-based invasive x-ray angiography, performed more than a
 million times per year. Of these examinations, up to 35% have been found to have no
 significant stenosis, yet these patients had to go through the potential risks and
 complications of an invasive test that further exposes the patient to ionizing radiation and
 iodinated contrast. Thus, non-invasive diagnostic alternatives are highly desirable.

 Cardiac MRI (CMR) provides a method for a comprehensive non-invasive cardiac exam, including
 contractile functional assessment (cine) to detect wall-motion abnormality, myocardial CMR
 perfusion for diagnosing perfusion defects, viability assessment using late gadolinium
 enhancement for evaluation of acute and chronic myocardial infarction, and coronary MRI for
 the identification of stenosis. CMR is advantageous in several respects, since it does not
 require ionizing radiation or iodinated contrast, thereby facilitating repeated or follow-up
 scanning. However, long data acquisition time remains as one of its main limitations. Several
 approaches have been studied to facilitate rapid CMR acquisition. Nonetheless, the
 acquisition time for high-resolution CMR remains long, and spatial and temporal resolution is
 traded off for acquisition time. Therefore, developments of methods to reduce the duration of
 data acquisition beyond what is available now are appealing. The investigators will develop
 novel reconstruction methodologies for high-resolution CMR that learn the anatomical
 structures in the images being reconstructed. The investigators will validate these
 techniques in a range of contrast-enhanced CMR imaging protocols, providing better volumetric
 coverage of the heart, efficient use of the contrast agents, and higher spatial and temporal
 resolution.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  "Healthy" subjects 18 years and older

 -  Cardiovascular disease patients referred from the Department of Cardiology, who do not
 meet any of the exclusion criteria.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Exclusion criteria include those associated with the use of MR as the imaging
 modality. Patients with pacemakers, implanted cardioverter-defibrillators,
 intracerebral clips or other implants that are not MR incompatible, atrial flutter or
 frequent atrial or ventricular ectopic activity, weight over 250 pounds, or
 significant claustrophobia will be excluded.

 -  Subjects should not have the following which may be hazardous to their health or
 interfere with MRI examinations: cardiac pacemaker; implanted cardiac defibrillator;
 carotid artery vascular clamp; intravascular stents, filters, or coils; aortic clip;
 internal pacing wires; vascular access port and/or catheter; Swan-Ganz catheter; shunt
 (spinal or intraventricular); aneurysm clip(s); neurostimulator; electrodes (on body,
 head, or brain);heart valve prosthesis; any type of prosthesis (eye, penile, etc.);
 artificial limb or joint replacement; bone growth/fusion stimulator; bone/joint pin,
 screw, nail, wire, plate; metal rods in bones; Harrington rods (spine); metal or wire
 mesh implants; wire sutures or surgical staples; insulin pump or infusion device; any
 metal fragments (i.e. metal shop); any implant held in place by a magnet; cochlear,
 otologic, or ear implant.