Italian Registry of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance on Congenital Anomalies of the Coronary Arteries (ITACA-Registry)
Italian Registry of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance on Congenital Anomalies of the Coronary Arteries (ITACA-Registry)
Italian registry of coronary artery abnormalities diagnosed utilizing cardiac magnetic
 resonance imaging.
Congenital coronary anomalies (ACC) are relatively rare heart disease, in which a congenital
 defect of origin, course, and term, of one or more epicardial cardiac coronary arteries, is
 recognized. The global prevalence is estimated at around 0.6-0.7% in the general population,
 where the most frequent ACCs consist of the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery
 from the left breast (ARCA), with a prevalence of 0.23%; while the anomalous origin from the
 Sn coronary artery from the right breast (ALCA) would seem to have a prevalence of 0.03%.

 ACCs have often been associated with an increased risk of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD),
 especially in athletes. In fact, within this population, ACCs are counted as the second most
 frequent cause of SCD after hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

 In the general population, the risk of sudden death from ALCA is estimated at around 6.3% at
 20 years, while for ARCA it is estimated at around 0.2% at 20 years. The estimated incidence
 in athletes instead recognizes a range that varies between 0.5 and 13 deaths per 100,000.

 Although ACC are therefore recognized as a frequent cause of sudden cardiac death, a recent
 English study, conducted on a population of 11,168 young footballers, showed a significantly
 lower incidence than expected: only two coronary anomalies, an ALCA and an ARCA,
 respectively; the prevalence was therefore 0.002%, at least 10 times lower than expected.

 The most common manifestations of ACC are chest pain, palpitations, dizziness and syncope,
 although more than 50% of patients with ACC are asymptomatic. In the past, these anomalies
 could only be described at autopsy, while thanks to the enormous developments that the
 different cardiac imaging modalities have undergone in recent years, ACCs can now also be
 detected non-invasively. The initial diagnosis is echocardiography, but a confirmation method
 is necessary (CT, MRI, or coronary angiography), moreover most of the time the finding can be
 completely incidental and found in the course of examinations conducted for another reason.

 This Registry will enroll patients from different sites in Italy (who decided to join the
 registry within the Italian Society of Cardiology) objectives aiming at establishing the
 clinical and imaging correlates in patients with congenital anomalies of coronary origin,
 found or confirmed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. As secondary endpoint will be
 observed subpopulations of patients: 1) in competitive athletes; 2) patients with ventricular
 ectopic beats (Lown class ≥2).
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Patients with anomalous origin of the coronaries diagnosed with cardiac magnetic
 resonance imaging

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Patients with known ischemic heart disease

 -  Patients with coronary atherosclerotic disease