Effect of Uridine on GABA and High Energy Phosphate Levels in Healthy Volunteers
Effect of Uridine on GABA and High Energy Phosphate Levels in Healthy Volunteers
On the dual basis of findings indicating GABA increases following acute and eight week
 SSRI/dopamine agonist administration and those indicating GABA-ergic effects following 14 day
 pyrimidine administration, the purpose of this study is to assess our following hypotheses:

 1. Relative to placebo, an oral dose of 1g of uridine BID for seven days will increase
 brain GABA levels in a sample of healthy, unmedicated adult males;

 2. Relative to placebo, an oral dose of 1g of uridine BID for seven days will increase NTP
 levels in a sample of healthy, unmedicated adult males; and

 3. Brain GABA levels will be directly correlated to high energy phosphate levels in this
 sample of healthy, unmedicated adult males.
Based on prior MRS studies by our group as well as the work of others, we hypothesize that
 oral administration of uridine will actuate an increase in brain gamma-amino butyric acid
 (GABA) levels, along with beta-nucleotide triphosphate (ß-NTP) levels, as compared with
 baseline. Our aim is to investigate this specific neuropharmacological effect and to
 demonstrate the suitability of a novel magnetic resonance spectroscopy protocol in so doing.
 Our rationale includes the consideration that the clinical utility of an intervention
 demonstrably effective in elevating brain GABA and high energy phosphate levels is broad,
 since lowered GABA and bioenergetic states are associated with a plurality of affective,
 anxiety, and substance use disorders.

 On the dual basis of findings indicating GABA increases following acute and eight week
 SSRI/dopamine agonist administration and those noting GABA-ergic effects of 14 day pyrimidine
 administration, we hypothesize that an oral dose of 2g of uridine per day for seven days will
 increase brain GABA levels in a sample of healthy, unmedicated adult males. We also
 hypothesize that this 2g dose of uridine per day for 7 days will increase ß-NTP levels and,
 further, that the increase in GABA and high energy phosphate levels will be correlated. Of
 note, the phosphorylation of glutamic acid decarboxylase by ATP significantly increased the
 activity of this enzyme, which is reponsable for the synthesis of GABA. This choice of time
 period will allow a determination of time course to efficacy between the acute and extended
 ranges, and further, because therapeutic dosage levels of uridine have yet to be established,
 in this and future studies we hope to determine the optimal dosage at which uridine increases
 brain GABA and ß-NTP levels.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Male

 -  Age range of 18-60 years

 -  BMI between 18.5 and 28

 -  Medication-free

 -  Capable of providing informed consent

 -  Non- smoking for a minimum of one year

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Meets DSM-IV criteria for any Axis I disorder (past or present)

 -  Global assessment of functioning (DSM IV TR) less than 50

 -  Age less than 18 or greater than 60

 -  BMI lower than 18.5 or higher than 28

 -  Any history of Alcohol or substance dependence or abuse according to DSM-IV criteria
 (except for caffeine dependence)

 -  Any medical condition which in the opinion of the investigator may have an effect on
 mood symptoms

 -  Any individual who has a current mood disturbance (as defined by DSM-IV-R criteria)

 -  Use of cigarettes or other nicotine-containing products

 -  Allergy or other contraindication to uridine

 -  Individuals unable to comply with instructions or procedures of study

 -  History of significant head trauma

 -  Claustrophobia or other contraindication to MRI (e.g., pacemaker, metal fragments)

 -  Any illicit substance use in the past thirty days

 -  Any past treatment for substance abuse

 -  Any past hospitalization for mental illness.