AMH as a Predictor of Infertility Risk in Children With Cancer (CHANCE)
AMH as a Predictor of Infertility Risk in Children With Cancer (CHANCE)
While most of the children spontaneously recover menstruation or experienced normal puberty
 after chemotherapy, their ovarian reserve may be impaired by treatment inducing future
 infertility. Fertility preservation is currently proposed for selected prepubertal patients
 with a high risk of premature ovarian failure after treatment (mostly conditioning regimen
 for bone marrow transplantation). For patients with low or moderate risks, counselling is
 very difficult and no fertility preservation procedure is usually proposed for these patients
 as no marker of the ovarian reserve has been validated in this young population to assess the
 individual risk.

 The primary objective of the study is to prevent long-term treatment-related infertility by
 detecting the young patients who normally progressed to menarche but have a reduced ovarian
 reserve. These patients may benefit from particular follow-up and fertility preservation
 procedure.
In this clinical trial, we will prospectively evaluate the AMH (Antimüllerian Hormone) level
 before and after treatment (up to 18 years old) in a large cohort of pre- and post-pubertal
 children treated for cancer. The children enrolled are young patients between 3 and 14 year
 old who are newly diagnosed with cancer or benign diseases treated by chemotherapy and/or
 pelvic irradiation. They belong to one of these 3 groups (modified from Wallace et al, 2005):

 -  High risk

 -  Moderate/Low risk

 -  No risk (control group)

 Primary endpoint:

 Evaluate AMH as a potential biomarker of ovarian reserve in prepubertal/pubertal girl treated
 by chemotherapy (classified according to the AAD(Alkylating Agent Dose) score)

 Secondary endpoints:

 -  Evaluate the association between the post-treatment ovarian reserve and the AMH
 pretreatment values in patients considered as moderate or low risk.

 -  Identify new patients group who may benefit from fertility preservation

 -  Compare the gonadotoxicity of chemotherapy regimen according to the pubertal status.

 -  Study the relation between the AMH levels and the pubertal age, menstruation cycle
 regularity, hormonal levels (FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), œstradiol, and
 testosterone) and bone age.

 Different parameters will be assessed at inclusion, end of the treatment and during the
 follow-up (every year during the first 3 years and then every 2 years until the end of the
 study) Oncological outcome The patients will be followed up for progression and survival as
 per standard local practice.

 Ovarian reserve and function:

 Ovarian reserve will be evaluated based on hormonal dosages at different times of the study:
 FSH, AMH, estradiol, testosterone and LH (luteinizing hormone). Menstrual function will be
 evaluated by collecting information of the pubertal status (spontaneous or induced puberty)
 and menstrual cycle characteristics

 Puberty evaluation:

 All children will have an evaluation of the TANNER pubertal stage at 9 years of age (or later
 if > 9 years old at the time of inclusion) and once a year until the end of puberty (when
 patients reach Tanner stage 5). An X-ray of the left hand and wrist will be carried out for
 bone age evaluation at 9-11 and 13 years old.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Patients from 3 to 14 year old included - Belong to one of these 3 groups (modified
 from Wallace et al, 2005):

 -  High risk : Conditioning therapy for bone marrow transplantation or pelvic
 irradiation

 -  Moderate/Low risk : Pathologies treated with chemotherapy regimen with moderate
 or low risk of inducing ovarian function insufficiency: AML, osteosarcoma, Ewing
 sarcoma, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, soft tissue
 sarcoma, ALL, Wilms tumour, retinoblastoma.

 -  No risk (control group) : patients with chronic benign diseases or malignancies
 who don't receive any chemotherapy or other gonadotoxic treatment.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  CNS (central nervous system) irradiation, cerebral tumour

 -  Current or previous ovarian disease/surgery

 -  Familial history of premature ovarian failure (no iatrogenic or surgical origins)

 -  Previous known severe chronic disease potentially affecting normal growth or puberty
 (diseases inducing malnutrition, anorexia, genetic/congenital disorders as Turner,
 Kallman, BPES(Blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome) syndromes,
 uncontrolled severe diabetes, Cushing Syndrome, auto-immune diseases, cystic fibrosis,
 severe renal dysfunction)

 -  Genetic/congenital disorders inducing mental retardation