The Effect of Intravenous Glucocorticoids on the Tearfilm in Eyes With Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy
The Effect of Intravenous Glucocorticoids on the Tearfilm in Eyes With Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), also called Graves' ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye
 disease, is a common orbital disease in adults. Patients with TAO, especially in its active
 phase, often complain about symptoms of ocular surface discomfort, including excess tearing,
 gritty sensation, increased sensitivity to light and foreign-body sensation, which are
 similar to inflammatory ocular surface disorders such as dry-eye syndrome (DES). Incomplete
 blink, increased proptosis and greater palpebral fissure width in TAO accelerates tear
 evaporation, which increases the tear fluid's osmolarity, and results in ocular surface
 damage. The administration of intravenous glucocorticoids can be an effective treatment for
 TAO.

 The rationale of the present study is to assess the effect of intravenously administered
 glucocorticoids on the signs of DES in patients with TAO with new methods such as measurement
 of tear film thickness, tear film osmolarity and scattering of the tear film and well
 established methods for assessment of the severity of DES. Additionally, impression cytology
 and determination of tear cytokines/chemokines will be performed to obtain information about
 inflammatory processes on the ocular surface.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Men and women aged over 18 years

 -  Active thyroid associated ophthalmopathy with clinical activity score (CAS) of each
 eye more than 3 or recently experienced worsening of proptosis, lid retraction, or
 ocular motility disturbance.

 -  Normal ophthalmic findings except symptoms associated with TAO

 -  Scheduled for treatment with systemic glucocorticoids according to the kahaly-scheme

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Chronic inactive TAO

 -  Previous treatment with oral or intravenous glucocorticoids 3 months preceding the
 study

 -  Participation in a clinical trial in the 3 weeks before the screening visit

 -  Symptoms of a clinically relevant illness in the 3 weeks before the first study day

 -  Presence or history of a severe medical condition that will interfere with the study
 aim as judged by the clinical investigator

 -  Wearing of contact lenses

 -  Intake of dietary supplements in the 3 months preceding the study

 -  Topical treatment with any ophthalmic drug in the 4 weeks preceding the study except
 topical lubricants

 -  Ocular infection

 -  Ocular surgery in the 3 months preceding the study

 -  Sjögren's syndrome

 -  Stevens-Johnson syndrome

 -  Pregnancy, planned pregnancy or lactating