Early Intervention Efficacy in COPD
Early Intervention Efficacy in COPD
This study aims to evaluate the time to escalation to triple therapy among the Japanese
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients newly initiating therapy with a
 combination of Olodaterol and Tiotropium (herein referred to as Tio/Olo) using real world
 data.
Inclusion Criteria:

 The study cohort will include all patients who initiate Tiotropium/ Olodaterol (Tio/Olo) or
 Tiotropium (Tio) during the patient selection period.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 The following exclusion criteria will then be applied to generate the unmatched cohort:

 -  Aged <40 years on cohort entry.

 -  Any LAMA, LABA, or ICS maintenance therapy (alone or in combination) during the
 180-day baseline period prior to cohort entry for maintenance treatment and duration
 >30 days, or any prescription within the 30 days prior to cohort entry.

 -  Patients without continuous enrolment (days since first inpatient/ outpatient
 encounter in the data) during the baseline period.

 -  No prior diagnosis of COPD [International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10: J41*,
 J43*, J44* and doubt (UTAGAIFLG) = 0 (no)]

 -  Patients without a second prescription claim of their index medication within 60 days
 after the cohort entry date.

 -  Diagnosis of asthma [ICD-10: J45* and doubt (UTAGAIFLG) = 0 (no)] during the baseline
 period.

 -  Diagnosis of lung cancer [ICD-10: C34*, D02.2, Z80.1, Z85.1 and doubt (UTALAIFLG) = 0
 (no)] or lung transplant (Health claim code: 150317670, 150322510, 150322610,
 150336510, 150336610, 150336710, 150399270) prior to the cohort entry date using all
 available data.

 -  Patients who initiate both Tio/Olo and Tio simultaneously on the cohort entry date.

 -  Any use of triple therapy (LAMA + LABA + ICS) during the baseline period or between
 the cohort entry date and 1 day prior to the start of follow-up.