African-American Pharmacogenetics
African-American Pharmacogenetics
This is a genetic and platelet reactivity study of African-American versus Caucasian patients
 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and receiving clopidogrel or prasugrel. The
 investigators aim is twofold: to describe differences in allele frequencies between
 African-Americans and Caucasians, and to explore associations of platelet reactivity and
 genetic polymorphisms in these two groups.
The investigators propose a pharmacogenetic cohort study of 100 African-American versus 100
 Caucasian patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome, receiving clopidogrel or
 prasugrel and undergoing PCI. The study will have four arms: African-American on clopidogrel;
 African-American on prasugrel; Caucasian on clopidogrel; and Caucasian on prasugrel. All
 patients will undergo genotyping and platelet reactivity testing with the VerifyNow P2Y12
 assay, at least 6 hours after receiving a thienopyridine loading dose, but before hospital
 discharge. All patients will be treated with aspirin 325 mg/day as well.

 Race determination will be based on a patient's self-report, but patients enrolled in the
 trial must also report that all four of their grandparents were of the same race as theirs.
 Other races (Asian, Native American, et al) will be excluded from this study.
Inclusion Criteria:

 1. Patients age 18 or older, of both genders

 2. Presenting with an ACS, defined as at least two of the following:

 -  symptoms consistent with myocardial ischemia;

 -  ST segment elevation or depression of at least 1 mm in 2 or more contiguous leads
 on EKG;

 -  a cardiac troponin I level above upper limit of normal.

 3. Self-reported African-american or Caucasian race

 a. all 4 grandparents of same race

 4. No contraindications to prasugrel therapy.

 5. Patient is scheduled for, or has already undergone, PCI.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 1. Known allergies to aspirin, clopidogrel, or prasugrel.

 2. Patient known to be pregnant or lactating.

 3. Patient with known history of bleeding diathesis or currently active bleeding.

 4. Platelet count <100,000/mm at the time of enrollment.

 5. Hematocrit <25% at the time of enrollment.

 6. On warfarin therapy at the time of PCI, or patient likely to require warfarin therapy
 post-PCI.

 7. Received fibrinolytics within the past 48 hours.

 8. Received a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor within the past 48 hours, or if such a
 strategy for PCI involving a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor is planned.

 9. Taking maintenance thienopyridine therapy in the previous 5 days.

 10. Known blood transfusion within the preceding 10 days.

 11. Patients treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) within the
 previous 5 days.

 12. Patients with known chronic liver disease.

 13. Age greater than 75 years

 14. Body weight less than 60 kg

 15. History of stroke or transient ischemic attack

 16. Surgery planned within 1 month

 17. Patient likely to require coronary artery bypass grafting

 18. Any significant medical condition that, in the investigator's opinion, may interfere
 with the patient's optimal participation in the study.