Immediate Surgery or Surgery After Sunitinib Malate in Treating Patients With Metastatic Kidney Cancer
Immediate Surgery or Surgery After Sunitinib Malate in Treating Patients With Metastatic Kidney Cancer
RATIONALE: Sunitinib malate may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the
 enzymes needed for cell growth and by blocking blood flow to the tumor. Giving sunitinib
 malate before surgery may make the tumor smaller and reduce the amount of normal tissue that
 needs to be removed. Giving sunitinib malate after surgery may kill any tumor cells that
 remain after surgery. It is not yet known whether undergoing immediate surgery or surgery
 after sunitinib malate is more effective in treating patients with metastatic kidney cancer.

 PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying immediate surgery to see how well it
 works compared with surgery after sunitinib malate in treating patients with metastatic
 kidney cancer.
OBJECTIVES:

 -  To determine if immediate versus deferred nephrectomy has an effect on disease control
 in patients with resectable, synchronous, metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with
 sunitinib malate.

 -  To identify potential response criteria based on histopathology and molecular research
 on tumor tissue.

 OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to WHO performance
 status (0 vs 1), number of metastatic sites (1 vs 2 or more), and institution. Patients are
 randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

 -  Arm I (immediate nephrectomy): Patients undergo cytoreductive nephrectomy. Beginning 4
 weeks after surgery, patients receive oral sunitinib malate once daily on days 1-28.
 Treatment with sunitinib malate repeats every 6 weeks for 4 courses in the absence of
 disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

 -  Arm II (deferred nephrectomy): Patients receive oral sunitinib malate once daily on days
 1-28. Treatment repeats every 6 weeks for 3 courses in the absence of disease
 progression or unacceptable toxicity. About 1 day after completion of sunitinib malate,
 patients undergo cytoreductive nephrectomy. Patients then receive oral sunitinib malate
 once daily on days 1-28. Treatment repeats every 6 weeks for 2 courses in the absence of
 disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

 Some patients undergo tumor tissue collection at baseline and at time of surgery to assess
 possible differences in gene expression. Patients also undergo blood sample collection
 periodically to evaluate the potential impact of serum proteins on the clinical outcome.
 Samples are then stored for future studies.

 After completion of study treatment, patients are followed periodically.
DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

 -  Histologically confirmed renal cell cancer (RCC)

 -  Clear-cell subtype with a resectable asymptomatic in situ primary

 -  Asymptomatic primary is defined as the absence of symptoms* which can be
 exclusively assigned to the primary tumor such as flank pain and/or gross
 hematuria necessitating blood transfusion NOTE: *Para-neoplastic symptoms
 cannot be assigned to the primary tumor alone in metastatic disease, they
 are not included in this definition.

 -  No symptomatic primary tumor necessitating nephrectomy

 -  Resectable primary tumor

 -  Bulky locoregional lymph node metastases larger than the primary tumor allowed
 provided resectability of the lymph nodes is surgically feasible

 -  Metastatic RCC

 -  Distant metastases are not completely resectable at the time of surgery or during
 an additional intervention

 -  No multiple distant lesions at one site

 -  No bone-only metastases

 -  Measurable disease, both primary and metastatic, according to RECIST 1.1 criteria

 -  Planning to receive sunitinib malate as background therapy

 -  Patients with > 3 of the following surgical risk factors are not eligible:

 -  Serum albumin CTCAE v 4.0 grade 2 or worse

 -  Serum LDH > 1.5 times upper limit of normal

 -  Liver metastases

 -  Symptoms at presentation due to metastases

 -  Retroperitoneal lymph node involvement

 -  Supra-diaphragmatic lymph node involvement

 -  Clinical stage T3 or T4 disease

 -  No clinical signs of CNS involvement

 PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

 -  See Disease Characteristics

 -  WHO performance status 0-1

 -  Life expectancy > 3 months

 -  WBC > 3.0 x 10^9/L

 -  Platelet count > 100 x 10^9/L

 -  Hemoglobin > 10.0 g/dL

 -  PT/PTT or INR ≤ 1.2 times upper limit of normal (ULN)

 -  Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times ULN

 -  ALT ≤ 2.5 times ULN (≤ 5 times ULN if liver lesions)

 -  Serum calcium < 10.0 mg/dL

 -  Calculated or measured creatinine clearance > 30 mL/min

 -  Not pregnant or nursing

 -  Negative pregnancy test

 -  Fertile patients must use effective contraception 2 weeks before and during study
 treatment

 -  LVEF normal by MUGA scan or ECHO

 -  12-lead ECG normal

 -  No serious cardiac illness (myocardial infarction and/or treatable or untreatable
 angina pectoris not responding to treatment) within the past 12 months

 -  No uncontrolled, high BP (≥ 150/100 mm Hg) despite optimal medical therapy

 -  No current pulmonary disease

 -  No active or uncontrolled infections, serious illnesses, malabsorption syndrome, or
 medical conditions, including patients with a history of chronic alcohol abuse,
 hepatitis, HIV, and/or cirrhosis

 -  No malignancies within the past 5 years except renal cell carcinoma, basal or squamous
 cell carcinoma of the skin, carcinoma in situ of the cervix, resected incidental
 prostate cancer staged pT2 with Gleason Score ≤ 6 and postoperative PSA < 0.5 ng/mL,
 or patients with any history of malignancies who are disease-free for more than 5
 years

 -  No psychological, familial, sociological, or geographical condition potentially
 hampering compliance with the study protocol and follow-up schedule

 PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

 -  Prior local radiotherapy for bone lesions allowed

 -  No prior systemic therapy for metastatic RCC

 -  No prior partial or total nephrectomy

 -  No concurrent systemic corticosteroid and/or other immunosuppressive systemic
 therapies

 -  No concurrent radiotherapy, except palliative radiotherapy

 -  No concurrent participation in another clinical trial testing treatments for any
 disease including renal cell carcinoma

 -  No other concurrent investigational or systemic therapy for metastatic RCC