CoVID-19 Plasma in Treatment of COVID-19 Patients
CoVID-19 Plasma in Treatment of COVID-19 Patients
The investigatores propose to evaluate intravenous administration of convalescent plasma (CP)
 obtained from COVID19 survivors in patients requiring hospitalization for symptomatic "high
 risk" COVID19 disease as reflected by the presence of elevated hsTPN. Supportive data exist
 for use of convalescent plasma in the treatment of COVID19 and other overwhelming viral
 illness. Investigators hypothesize that treatment with COVID19 CP will demonstrate salutary
 effects on COVID19 disease severity/duration, with the primary objective to reduce mortality
 and a key secondary objective to reduce the requirement for and/or duration of mechanical
 ventilation. Finally, as the hospital mortality for patients requiring mechanical ventilation
 is very high (50 to 80%), these patients will be eligible for COVID19 CP treatment as well,
 even in the absence of elevated hsTPN. Although considerable overlap of these populations has
 been observed (elevated hsTPN and requirement for mechanical ventilation) there is not 100%
 redundancy and it is hopeful that COVID19 CP may provide benefit to these critically ill
 patients.
Coronavirus's are responsible for 15-30% of "common colds" and approximately 2% of the
 population may be healthy carriers of these viruses. The ongoing SARS CoV-2 pandemic
 originated in Wuhan, Hubei, China and has spread worldwide. The disease caused by SARS CoV-2
 (COVID19) is manifest by fever, fatigue, dry cough, pharyngitis and headache. Although the
 majority (~80%) COVID19 cases are mild in severity, patients may present with moderate
 symptoms of dyspnea, tachypnea (~15%) or more severe symptoms (~5-10%) of pneumonia, acute
 respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), hypotension, arrythmias and shock(6-9). In addition to
 the common clinical presentation of respiratory distress, an increasing frequency of
 cardiovascular manifestations have become evident. These manifestations may be linked to the
 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor, a membrane-bound aminopeptidase that has
 been identified as the functional receptor for SARS CoV-2, which is expressed predominantly
 in the heart, intestine, kidney and pulmonary alveolar (type 2) cells. Recent data suggest
 that ~20% of infected subjects may require hospitalization and among patients hospitalized
 for COVID19, 12-28% will have evidence of myocardial injury (elevated high-sensitivity
 Troponin: hsTPN) often in association with electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities,
 arrythmias and/or evidence for impaired Left Ventricular contractile function on non-invasive
 imaging. Indeed, a syndrome of "pseudo-infarction" manifest as ST-segment elevation in the
 absence of obstructive coronary artery disease has been described. The etiology(s) of
 myocardial injury may be multifactorial and includes demand ischemia due to critical illness,
 cytokine storm with atherosclerotic plaque disruption due to overwhelming systemic
 inflammation and more likely, myocarditis. Indeed, SARS CoV viral RNA along with macrophage
 infiltration and myocardial cell injury has been detected in autopsied heart samples from
 patients who succumbed to the SARS outbreak in Toronto. Further, myocardial injury has been
 directly correlated with both the degree of systemic inflammation (Level of hsCRP) and
 cardiac dysfunction (level of NT-proBNP). Importantly, myocardial injury was identified to be
 one of the two most significant, independent predictors (by multi-variable analysis) of
 hospital death (in addition to ARDS) and provides increased prognostic information above and
 beyond that provided by pre-existing co-morbidities including age, diabetes mellitus,
 hypertension and pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Indeed, the incremental risk for death
 incurred by evidence of myocardial injury appears to be ~5-10x and is amplified by
 pre-existing cardiovascular disease.

 Thus, evidence of myocardial injury has evolved to be a significant (if not the most
 significant) predictor of mortality among patients admitted to hospital for care of COVID19
 disease. It is important to recognize that this elevated morality risk has been identified
 despite modern and aggressive intensive care therapies including mechanical ventilation,
 pressor/inotrope therapies and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

 In this context, the investigators propose to evaluate intravenous administration of
 convalescent plasma (CP) obtained from COVID19 survivors in patients requiring
 hospitalization for symptomatic "high risk" COVID19 disease as reflected by the presence of
 elevated hsTPN. Supportive data exist for use of convalescent plasma in the treatment of
 COVID19 and other overwhelming viral illness. The investigators hypothesize that treatment
 with COVID19 CP will demonstrate salutary effects on COVID19 disease severity/duration, with
 the primary objective to reduce mortality and a key secondary objective to reduce the
 requirement for and/or duration of mechanical ventilation. Finally, as the hospital mortality
 for patients requiring mechanical ventilation is very high (50 to 80%), these patients will
 be eligible for COVID19 CP treatment as well, even in the absence of elevated hsTPN. Although
 considerable overlap of these populations has been observed (elevated hsTPN and requirement
 for mechanical ventilation) there is not 100% redundancy and it is hopeful that COVID19 CP
 may provide benefit to these critically ill patients.

 This is a single arm, non-randomized, open-label treatment of eligible subjects defined as
 those who satisfy all inclusion criteria.

 Eligible subjects will provide written, informed consent prior to participation. A pregnancy
 test will be obtained on all women of child-bearing potential. Following informed consent,
 the following baseline laboratory tests will be obtained:

 -  Hs-CRP

 -  D-Dimer

 -  NT-pro BNP

 These laboratory tests which reflect inflammation, thrombosis and myocardial dysfunction (in
 addition hsTPN which reflects myocardial necrosis) will be repeated every 2 days during
 hospitalization. Following baseline assessments and informed consent, eligible enrollees will
 receive convalescent CoVID-19 plasma by intravenous infusion.

 COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Study: Convalescent plasma will be obtained from male donors,
 nulliparous females, or female donors negative for HLA antibodies at least 28 days following
 recovery from COVID-19 infection. These donors are used to minimize the risk of
 transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Routine ABO and Rh typing and red cell
 antibody screening will be performed. All plasma will be required to test negative to the
 following assays per FDA and AABB regulations/ guidelines.

 COVID Convalescent Plasma 500 mls will be administered in intravenously.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Age 18-80 years

 -  Symptomatic CoVID-19 disease requiring hospitalization

 -  SARS-CoV-19 PCR positive

 -  Elevated hsTPN

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  Multi-organ / system failure

 -  Renal insufficiency (eGFR <30 or renal replacement therapy)

 -  Liver dysfunction (>3x ULN SGOT / SGPT)

 -  Chronic Immunosuppression therapy

 -  Prior organ transplant

 -  Prior multiple transfusions for Myelodysplastic syndrome

 -  Prior treatment with plasma, immunoglobulin transfusion within 30 days

 -  Allergic reaction to blood/ plasma products

 -  Pregnant or breast feeding at the time of study

 -  Inability to provide informed consent