Unstable Angina Pectoris in Comorbidity With Anxiety-depressive Syndrome
Unstable Angina Pectoris in Comorbidity With Anxiety-depressive Syndrome
Introduction:

 Today it is necessary to emphasize that coronary heart disease is often associated with
 anxiety disorders. Research over the years has shown several and sometimes surprising links
 between coronary heart disease and mental illness, and has even suggested that both of these
 phenomena may actually cause each other. However, the exact nature of these links has not yet
 been clearly established.

 Methods: The study included 202 patients with coronary artery disease, of whom 42 patients
 were with stable angina pectoris, they participated as a control group, and 160 patients with
 unstable angina pectoris, who made up the main group.

 Among them there are 102 women and 100 men between the ages of 30 and 88. The average age was
 63.75 ± 11.37 years.

 All study participants had blood in the morning on fasting after 8-12 hours of fasting from
 the cubital vein. Determination of the level of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-10 in
 blood serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

 All participants in the study had blood drawn in the morning on fasting after 8-12 hours of
 fasting from the cubital vein. The level of uric acid was determined on the CYAN Start
 apparatus using a unified method.

 When examining patients with unstable angina pectoris were used: hospital anxiety and
 depression scale [Kozlova S.N. 2013]. And also the Spielberger-Khanin scale [Psychiatry -
 Hoffman A.G. 2010], developed by Spielberger Ch.D. and adapted by Yu.L. Khanin. to assess
 cognitive functions [Psychiatry - Gofman A.G. 2010].
All study participants had blood in the morning on fasting after 8-12 hours of fasting from
 the cubital vein. Determination of the level of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-10
 (pg/ml) in blood serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

 Sample preparation: before testing, 1 part of the plasma is diluted 30-50 times with Tris
 buffer, depending on the test system and the kit manufacturer's instructions.

 Definition progress:

 1. preparation of microtiter strips;

 2. add the material diluted with buffer to the well of the microtiter strip and incubate
 for 1 hour at room temperature;

 3. washing;

 4. add immunoconjugates to the well of the microtiter strip and incubate for 1 hour at room
 temperature;

 5. washing;

 6. add the o-phenyldiamine / H2O2 substrate solution;

 7. after exactly 3 minutes of hydrochloric acid (1 mol / l);

 8. reading the results on an ELISA analyzer after 10-120 minutes. 2.4. Collection of blood
 samples to determine the level of uric acid All participants in the study had blood
 drawn in the morning on fasting after 8-12 hours of fasting from the cubital vein. The
 level of uric acid was determined on the CYAN Start apparatus using a unified method.

 2.5. Method for determining anxiety-depressive syndrome. When examining patients with
 unstable angina pectoris were used: Hospital scale [Kozlova S.N. 2013]. And also the
 Spielberger-Khanin scale [Psychiatry - Hoffman A.G. 2010], developed by Spielberger Ch.D. and
 adapted by Yu.L. Khanin. to assess cognitive functions [Psychiatry - Gofman A.G. 2010].

 Description of the hospital scale This questionnaire is intended for self-completion by the
 patient [Kozlova S.N. 2013]. The questionnaire consists of 14 statements, "serving" 2
 subscales: the subscale "alarm" marked in red, consists of odd items - 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13
 and the subscale "depression" marked in blue consists of even items - 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14.

 Each statement corresponds to 4 answer options, reflecting gradations of the severity of the
 sign and coded according to the increase in the severity of the symptom from 0 (no) to 3
 (maximum severity). The final scores for the two subscales are obtained by summing the
 numerical values of the answers. When interpreting the results, the total indicator for each
 subscale is taken into account, while there are 3 areas of its values:

 -  0-7 - normal (no reliably pronounced symptoms of anxiety and depression);

 -  8-10 - subclinical anxiety and / or depression;

 -  11 and above - clinically significant anxiety and / or depression. The filling of the
 scale was carried out by patients under standard conditions, after a short instruction
 for filling, within a clear time frame.

 Description of the Spielberger-Hanin scale The Spielberger Anxiety Scale is an informative
 way to self-assess the level of anxiety at a given moment (reactive anxiety as a state) and
 personal anxiety (as a stable characteristic of a person). Developed by Ch.D.Spielberger and
 adapted by Yu.L. Khanin [Psychiatry - Gofman A.G. 2010].

 This scale consists of two subscales: judgments from 1 to 20 determine the presence of
 situational anxiety, judgments from 21 to 40 determine the presence of personal anxiety.

 When analyzing the results of self-assessment, it should be borne in mind that the overall
 final indicator for each of the subscales can range from 20 to 80 points. Moreover, the
 higher the final indicator, the higher the level of anxiety (situational or personal).

 When interpreting indicators, you can use the following rough estimates of anxiety:

 -  up to 40 points - low,

 -  41 - 54 points - moderate;

 -  55 and more - high. 2.6. Treatment All patients with unstable angina pectoris offer
 conventional therapy, which includes intravenous infusion of nitrates for 12-24 hours,
 followed by prolonged nitrates, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors or sartans, antiplatelet
 agents, anticoagulants, clopidogrel, statins. Patients have elevated levels of uric acid
 according to the traditional immedia Febuxostat (not a purine blocker of xanthine oxide,
 manufactured by Berlin Chemie, Germany) at a dose of 0.04-0.08 g / day per day. Patients
 who had anxiety-depressive syndrome Divase syndrome (antibodies to the brain-specific
 protein S-100, manufacturer MATERIA MEDICA HOLDING, LLC (Russia)) in a fixed dose of 0.6
 mg / day, which has a neurotropic and antioxidant effect.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  the presence of an established diagnosis in patients with coronary artery disease

 -  unstable angina pectoris (NS). When making a diagnosis, the recommendations of ESH /
 ESC (2015) and RCO / WHO (2014) were used.

 -  stable exertional angina (SSN) I-III FC. When making the diagnosis, the IHD
 classification was used, adopted at the IV Congress of Cardiologists of the Republic
 of Uzbekistan (2000), as well as in accordance with the recommendations of ESH / ESC
 (2019) and RCO / WHO (2017)

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  The patient's refusal to participate in the study;

 -  Pregnancy and lactation;

 -  Severe and unstable condition of the patient, making it difficult to conduct a
 questionnaire (for ethical reasons);

 -  Acute violation of cerebral circulation;

 -  History of acute or chronic psychosis;

 -  The presence of concomitant acute diseases or chronic diseases in the acute stage.

 Throughout the study, all patients were assigned the right to voluntarily withdraw from the
 study at their own request, notifying the researcher in writing or orally.