De-Rotation Breathing Exercises for Idiopathic Kyphoscoliosis Among Adolescents.
De-Rotation Breathing Exercises for Idiopathic Kyphoscoliosis Among Adolescents.
De-rotation Breathing Exercises are the group of spinal extension, lateral spinal flexion and
 rotational exercises performed in synchrony with deep breathing. Exercises are performed in a
 sitting position with feet firmly placed on the ground. The therapist will stand behind the
 patient with a medicine ball or a small Swiss ball for the patient to receive while the
 patient rotates and laterally bend the trunk towards the convexity of scoliosis curvature.
 The patient is instructed to breathe in deeply during lateral bend and rotation in order to
 maximally expand the chest wall. Expiration involves relaxation while returning to the
 neutral position. Later, patients are instructed to extend their back along with former
 maneuver. The backrest of the chair is adjustable and aligned with the apex of thoracic
 curvatures. Side flexion and rotation towards the convexity of the scoliotic curvature is to
 correct scoliosis and to increase the chest wall compliance and extension of spinal is used
 to correct the kyphosis of the spine with an intention to also increase chest wall
 compliance.
Kyphoscoliosis (KS) is the dual spinal deformity characterized by exaggerated thoracic
 kyphosis and lateral displacement of the spine in the frontal plane. Scoliosis is often
 associated with vertebral rotation. Scoliosis is the term used by Hippocrates, which means
 "crooked". Depending on the presence of lateral displacement scoliosis is classified into
 thoracic, lumbar or thoracolumbar. Idiopathic KS in adolescents is characterized by wedging
 of vertebral bodies in X-Ray and cardio-respiratory compromise.

 Scoliosis is clinically diagnosed with 'Adam's test' by observing a posterior rib hump
 towards the convexity of scoliosis while bending forward in standing.

 The severity of scoliosis is quantified by Cobb angle, which is calculated by drawing a line
 parallel to the end plates of the vertebral bodies at the starting and end of scoliotic
 curvature. The Second line is drawn a perpendicular to the first lines, the angle made
 between the intersection second lines is known as Cobb angle.

 Clinical signs and symptoms of scoliosis become evident during the phase of rapid skeletal
 growth in children. The prevalence of scoliosis in the general population ranges from 0.3% to
 15.3%.
Inclusion Criteria:

 -  Subjects with idiopathic kyphoscoliosis and Cobb's angle greater than 60 degree and
 normal pulmonary function were included.

 Exclusion Criteria:

 -  The subjects with other cardiovascular pathologies, congenital disorders and inability
 to commute were excluded from this study.