DTi Diffusion Findings in Breast MRI Screening and Diagnostic
DTi Diffusion Findings in Breast MRI Screening and Diagnostic
Introduction The most common breast cancer originates within the breast milk ducts, and is
 called ductal carcinoma. After the stage where the cancer is found only within the ducts, it
 invades the breast tissue beyond the ducts, and becomes invasive cancer (Infiltrating Duct
 Carcinoma). Breast cancer located within the ducts is called intra ductal carcinoma in situ-
 DCIS. DCIS is the developing cancer and usually does not metastasize. Another type of breast
 cancer originates within the breast lobules and is call lobular carcinoma.

 Recently at the Weizmann Institute, Prof. Hadassa Degani and her group developed and imaging
 technique using breast MRI. This technique allows to map the three-dimensional structure of
 the milk ducts in the breast. The method is based on measuring the random movement (Brownian
 motion) of water molecules (diffusion) in different directions in the breast tissue,
 collecting diffusion images by using magnetic field gradients in different directions,
 allowing imaging of Diffusion tensor Imaging -DTI. Movement of water molecules within a
 unified solution is usually random and uniform in all directions, but the internal structures
 in biological systems (such as cells, pipelines, fiber) restrict the movement of water in
 certain directions. The DTI method exploits this feature by measuring the diffusion in
 various directions, thus enabling calculating images of biological structures [1]. This
 method was proved to be effective in mapping the brain's white matter fibers and is used
 routinely in clinical tests used to monitor neurological injuries [2-4]. This method was used
 for milk ducts mapping within breast tissue at the Weizmann Institute. The system that was
 developed at the Weizmann Institute, showed that the movement of water molecules along the
 milk ducts is faster than their movement across the ducts and therefore it was possible using
 this method to map the breast ductal system. Also this method showed that it is possible to
 detect and diagnose malignant changes within breast and to distinguish them from normal
 tissue and benign tumors using DTI. Changes in cell density and arrangement causes changes in
 the directional diffusion coefficients and the differences between them [5-9] Research Plan
 Summary A prospective preliminary study to evaluate the correlation between the DTI analysis
 of breast MRI and the results of conventional contrast enhanced breast MRI.

 The patients enrolled for the study will be women scheduled for breast MRI due to high risk
 screening or pretreatment evaluation. The patients will fill in a form regarding: age,
 hormonal status, risk factors, prior breast surgery or treatment (a form which is routinely
 filled out in our institution). They will then undergo a breast MRI scan, using the routine
 protocol in our institution. This will be directly followed by a DTI sequence, which takes
 about 10 minutes in addition to the regular examination. The DTI sequence is routinely used
 in other imaging institutions, as part of the breast MRI protocol.

 The exams will be read on our regular work stations, and in addition will be analyzed by
 software developed at the Weizmann Institute. Both interpretations will then be compared to
 each other and to clinical and pathological data
Inclusion Criteria:

 - all patients undergoing breast MRI

 Exclusion Criteria:

 general contraindication to MRI -