---
license: apache-2.0
tags:
- biology
- genomics
- dna
- foundation-models
- arc-institute
- evo2
pretty_name: OpenGenome2
task_categories:
- text-generation
- fill-mask
- feature-extraction
size_categories:
- n>1T
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_examples: 902
  download_size: 0
  dataset_size: 880000000000
---

# OpenGenome2

OpenGenome2 is a large-scale genomic dataset compiled by the Arc Institute and collaborators to train **Evo 2**, a biological foundation model.  
It contains **8.8 trillion nucleotides** from across the tree of life, including bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes, bacteriophage, organelles, and curated metagenomic assemblies.  

Sequences are provided as text strings (A, T, C, G) at **single-nucleotide resolution**, optimized for training long-context genome language models.

## Composition

- **Prokaryotes**: 113,379 representative genomes (~357B nt, GTDB v220.0)  
- **Eukaryotes**: 15,032 curated reference genomes (~6.98T nt, NCBI)  
- **Metagenomic assemblies**: 854B nt 
- **Organelle genomes**: 2.82B nt 
- **Eukaryotic augmentation**: 602B nt enriched for gene-rich regions  

⚠️ **Eukaryotic viral genomes are excluded** to mitigate dual-use concerns.

## Dataset Features

| **Field** | **Type** | **Description** |
|-----------|----------|-----------------|
| `text`    | string   | Raw nucleotide sequence (can be millions of bp long) |

## Example Usage

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

# Load in streaming mode
ds = load_dataset("arcinstitute/opengenome2", split="train", streaming=True)

# Inspect first example
example = next(iter(ds))
print(len(example["text"]))
print(example["text"][:100])  # first 100 bp
```

## Citation 
Please cite the following when using OpenGenome2:
```
@article {Brixi2025.02.18.638918,
	author = {Brixi, Garyk and Durrant, Matthew G and Ku, Jerome and Poli, Michael and Brockman, Greg and Chang, Daniel and Gonzalez, Gabriel A and King, Samuel H and Li, David B and Merchant, Aditi T and Naghipourfar, Mohsen and Nguyen, Eric and Ricci-Tam, Chiara and Romero, David W and Sun, Gwanggyu and Taghibakshi, Ali and Vorontsov, Anton and Yang, Brandon and Deng, Myra and Gorton, Liv and Nguyen, Nam and Wang, Nicholas K and Adams, Etowah and Baccus, Stephen A and Dillmann, Steven and Ermon, Stefano and Guo, Daniel and Ilango, Rajesh and Janik, Ken and Lu, Amy X and Mehta, Reshma and Mofrad, Mohammad R.K. and Ng, Madelena Y and Pannu, Jaspreet and Re, Christopher and Schmok, Jonathan C and St. John, John and Sullivan, Jeremy and Zhu, Kevin and Zynda, Greg and Balsam, Daniel and Collison, Patrick and Costa, Anthony B. and Hernandez-Boussard, Tina and Ho, Eric and Liu, Ming-Yu and McGrath, Tom and Powell, Kimberly and Burke, Dave P. and Goodarzi, Hani and Hsu, Patrick D and Hie, Brian},
	title = {Genome modeling and design across all domains of life with Evo 2},
	elocation-id = {2025.02.18.638918},
	year = {2025},
	doi = {10.1101/2025.02.18.638918},
	publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory},
	URL = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2025/02/21/2025.02.18.638918},
	eprint = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2025/02/21/2025.02.18.638918.full.pdf},
	journal = {bioRxiv}
}

```

---