text:
RAM Matters: How Much Do You Need for Gaming? 4GB, 8GB, 16GB or 32GB
Page 2 : The Benchmarks & Putting It All Together
By Steven Walton on December 11, 2017
New study reveals Google and Facebook trackers on vast majority of porn sites
We Raise the Question Once Again
The Benchmarks & Putting It All Together
We've looked at how much system memory is required by some of the more popular games released this year using with three different graphics cards. What we want to compare now is the 3GB and 6GB versions of the GTX 1060 to see how they differ with 4GB, 8GB, 16GB and 32GB of RAM. Again, we're using the Core i7-8700K and the memory speed and timings are the same for each capacity: DDR4-3000.
The only major difference being that we were forced to test the 4GB capacity with a single 4GB stick and this meant using single channel memory. We don't have 2GB of DDR4 memory and since we already know 4GB isn't enough we didn't waste any time or money to acquire a dual-channel kit. But still be aware of this.
First up we have Assassin's Creed Origins and these results were recorded using the very high quality preset at 1080p. Starting with the GTX 1060 6GB, we see the 16GB and 32GB memory configurations allow for maximum performance to be extracted in this title.
Interestingly, while the same average frame rate is achieved with 8GB we see a noteworthy drop in the frame time performance -- up to a 10% drop can be seen. With 4GB the system completely tanks and although the average frame rate looks good the game is now very stuttery as indicated by the 0.1% result.
Similar performance trends are seen in this title with the 3GB 1060. Surprisingly though, the impact the 8GB configuration has on performance is less severe -- I was expecting to find the opposite. Anyway, we are seeing that for maximum performance you want 16GB while 8GB is the bare minimum.
Jumping to 1440p we find that the 1060 6GB is now more limited by its own capabilities than the 8GB system memory capacity when looking at the 1% low result. That said, with just 4GB, the performance is now disastrous. At the higher resolution the 3GB 1060 takes a big hit with 8GB of RAM and things of course get even worse with 4GB.
Next up we have Battlefield 1 and for these results I'm using the single player portion of the game as multiplayer can't be benchmarked accurately and is therefore useless for this kind of fps comparison. Here the GTX 1060 6GB was able to deliver the same performance with 8GB, 16GB and 32GB of memory. We only see a small decline in performance with 4GB which is surprising, though we are only at 1080p.
Using the 3GB 1060 does produce a major decline in performance with 8GB of RAM when looking at the frame time results. This is amplified further with 4GB, though again not as severely as I would have expected.
Increasing the resolution to 1440p resulted in the 4GB system memory capacity causing all kinds of issues with the 6GB 1060 -- stuttering was quite noticeable. The same was found with the 3GB 1060 and we also saw a drop in performance with 8GB of memory.
Finally, I decided to test with the ultimate memory pig, Call of Duty WWII. Using the GTX 1060 6GB we see that the 16GB and 32GB memory capacities allow for maximum performance. Dropping down to 8GB does tax performance, especially the 0.1% frame time result, which is now 13% lower. Using just 4GB was again a disaster and the game became completely unplayable.
The 1060 3GB on the other hand just doesn't have enough VRAM to play Call of Duty WWII at 1080p using the extra quality settings. That's not the end of the world and while some will make a big deal out of this, lowering a few select quality settings will improve things without taking much away from the game. Anyway, I'm not trying to defend the poor little 3GB 1060, I'm just noting it's a graphics card that comes with compromises in some titles.
Moving to 1440p and we now find an extreme scenario where the 6GB 1060 really struggles to maintain playable frame rates with just 8GB of system memory. Upgrading to 16GB makes a massive difference here while increasing memory capacity further has no impact. Obviously the 3GB 1060 is still a write off with the extra quality settings in play.
That's pretty conclusive evidence. For casual gamers, the bare minimum is still 8GB but there is plenty of evidence to suggest that the upgrade to 16GB will ensure smoother gameplay.
For serious gamers with mid-range to high-end hardware, we're almost at the point where we'd say 16GB the the minimal acceptable amount of system memory. Of course, as we said earlier, if you've invested over $1,000 in your GPU and SSD combo then chances are spending just shy of $200 to secure a decent 16GB DDR4 memory kit probably isn't something you're going to think twice about.
For GTX 1060 or RX 580 owners who've spent $200-$250 on their graphics card, dumping another $200 on DDR4 memory is something they're probably umming and ahhing about. If you're playing games such as Battlefield 1 or in particular Call of Duty WWII and you care about being competitive, then 16GB really is a must.
Alternatively, if you have a relatively high-end GPU such as the GTX 1070 or Vega 56 but play older, less memory-intensive games, then 8GB will no doubt be fine. But again, for these newer titles you'll ideally want 16GB.
We found it somewhat ironic that owners of the 3GB GTX 1060, a graphics card we've recommended for budget shoppers, will require 16GB of system memory to get the most out of today's games. So by saving around $50 on the GPU, you need to spend $90 more on system memory. That changes my perspective on things a little.
That said, we're probably being a bit unrealistic as 3GB GTX 1060 owners will be playing at 1080p with lower quality settings which are likely going to play nicely with an 8GB buffer.
In a nutshell, if you plan to play the latest PC games on good quality settings, 4GB of RAM is out, 8GB is the bare minimum, 16GB is the sweet spot and 32GB is overkill.
Shopping Shortcuts:
8GB DDR4 RAM Memory: Corsair, G.Skill, Kingston, Patriot
16GB DDR4 RAM Memory: Corsair, G.Skill, Ballistix, Adata
32GB DDR4 RAM Memory: Corsair, G.Skill, Ballistix, Team
Nvidia GeForce GTX 1060 3GB on Amazon, Newegg
AMD Radeon RX 580 on Amazon, Newegg
85 comments	1,518 interactions
User Comments: 85
Got something to say? Post a comment
Ex-Tesla worker says he stored Autopilot source code on his iCloud
France is getting a new space command this year
Facebook: Don't regulate us or China will take over
Add your comment to this article
You need to be a member to leave a comment. Join thousands of tech enthusiasts and participate.
TechSpot Account
Sign up for free, it takes 30 seconds.
Already have an account? Login now.
You may also...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Pressing in, pressing out, riveting, imprinting, edging, bending of wires and sheets. Embossing, beading and crimping of easy to form materials.
With 5 cylindrical pressing tools (surface hardened) being inserted into the toothed rack and fixed with a knurled screw: Ø 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 and 8mm. One each semi-spherical profile Ø 3 and Ø 9mm as well as a 60° square prism for bending sheet metal. The counterpart is an easily adjustable, hardened revolving plate with all required holes and bottom dies for the above-specified pressing tools.
Toothed rack at one front end with 6mm bore for use of the 8 bottom dies for the above-specified pressing tools. 5mm bore at the other front end for use of all commercially available riveting tools: simply wind up the toothed rack, take it out and reinsert it upside down.
Force of pressure approx. 1,000N (100kg). Maximum stroke of toothed rack with inserted tool 65mm, above revolving plate 50mm. Solid steel arm with 120mm throat. Ground base plate of steel, 80 x 190mm with an 8mm centre and two fastening bores. Weight approx. 2,800g.


Now that we know this year's winner of the best documentary film, O.J.: Made in America, here's a prediction about next year's winner. It will be Chasing Coral.
The new film follows scientists and photographers who are attempting to show the world what's happening underwater. It's exceptionally timely and provocative, because coral reefs are experiencing the worst bleaching and death-spiral ever witnessed.
Already a crowd pleaser at its premiere at Robert Redford's Sundance Film Festival, this film follows in the footstep's of the Oscar-nominated film, Chasing Ice, about climate change's stunning visuals in frigid Greenland. The director Jeff Orlowski has now turned his attention to the biggest tropical, biological victim of a warming planet: shallow reefs built by coral animals.
The film has been purchased by Netflix, and I can't wait to see it. It features a special camera, used by the XL Catlin Seaview Survey, to show reefs in 360 degree technicolor. These images allow us to see reefs across the planet like never before.
Critic site RogerEbert.com calls it a "landmark film," and I'm betting that it's pure Oscar gold.
Roger Ebert is deceased. The critic who refers to the film as being "a landmark film for activism" is Nick Allen, writing for the RogerEbert.com website.


text:
HomeMusicDidier Juste : percussion as a vocation
Didier Juste : percussion as a vocation
28 March 2018 Évelyne Chaville and Translation : Évelyne Chaville
Didier Juste: "My parents being artists, they always encouraged me to play music and, very young, at the age of 8, I already went with them to concerts".
At 48, the percussionist Didier Juste has already a 38-year career in music. He has already accompanied on stage almost all artists from Guadeloupe as well as some artists from Martinique, Guyana and elsewhere. For 13 years, he has been sharing his knowledge with young people. Today, he is working on his first album.
Didier Juste with his mother and the famous "tanbouyé" Marcel Lollia known as "Vélo"
Didier Juste was born in Champigny-sur-Marne (France) in 1970, the next year, his parents decided to move back to Guadeloupe. His father, the artist-painter Rico Roberto and his mother who was a dancer took him to "lewòz" from an early age. "I started playing music at the age of 3. I was raised in music. When I was a boy, my parents picked me up at Raphaël Jolivière School in Pointe-à-Pitre. We walked down Légitimus Boulevard and we stopped at the entrance of Frébault Street to see "Vélo" (Marcel Lollia) playing ka. My parents being artists, they always encouraged me to play music and, very young, at the age of 8, I already went with them to concerts (…)", he said. Then, one day, something exceptional happened : the ka-master finally gave him permission to touch his sacred instrument and then, to play ka with him. Perhaps he had detected in that little boy a natural aptitude for music… "My brother Olivier and I, we had that unique opportunity, that privilege of playing gwoka with his instrument. So, I began in the street", he said.
A first concert at age 10
Marcel Lollia (1938-1984) was not the only ka-master that Didier Juste will know. There will be also François Moléon Jernidier, nicknamed Carnot (1919-1998), François Hyzirin, nicknamed Baggy, Guy Konkèt (1946-2012), among others.
Indeed, because he was not attracted by studies, the young man chose what he can do : music. His first concert, Didier did it at 10, he accompanied the famous singer and "tanbouyé" Guy Konkèt. After, everything came together, he met other musicians but he also discovered other percussion instruments and other rhythms."At the age of 15, I went with the band "Katouré" to Cuba. There, I saw that there were other percussions and I understood that I did not have to play only the 7 rhythms of gwoka music. Later, I took drum lessons with Fernand Gabriel, I followed several training courses in percussion with African artists such as Adama Dramé, Pap Dyen and Geum", he said.
Like many young Guadeloupean musicians, Didier Juste went on an adventure to Paris, and he stayed there only one month… After his return to Guadeloupe, he joined the group "Poker JBZ" created by the Castry brothers, then he collaborated with several other bands. Note that his brother, Olivier, also became a percussionist while his youngest brother, Sidy, chose to be a lawyer…
Didier Juste with Tanya Saint-Val, Jean-Michel Rotin, Dominique Bérose…
The creator of the band "Soft"
During his career which represents 38 years, Didier Juste played with almost all artists from Guadeloupe, he also accompanied several artists from Martinique, Guiana and other countries. The list would be too long to name each one individually… "It's word of mouth. The artists send us the songs, we rehearse them to be ready the day of the concert", he said. Indeed, it was exactly what happened, last October, on the occasion of the concert by Guyanese singer and guitarist, Sylviane Cédia, at the "Festival Bleu Outre Mer", one of the latest performances by the musician.
There is something that many people do not know in Didier Juste's career : in 2003, he created the group "Soft" which is led now by Fred Deshayes. Philippe Sadikalay, the saxophonist, will find the name of the band – "Soft" – just before the first concert in Lakaza. "At the beginning, the idea was to make new versions of gwoka songs, like what the "K'Koustik" band is doing now. When we played the first part of Kenny Garrett's concert, in January 2003 in Lakaza, the audience enjoyed our performance and wanted an album not with cover versions but with our own compositions. Fred Deshayes had already some compositions that we recorded (…)", he explained. Finally, this collaboration will be bad and, with a heavy heart, after a concert in Martinique, Didier Juste will be "forced" to leave the band he had created… Today, he very rarely meets the members of "Soft". "After this experience, I told myself that I have to stand up and that's what I did. I have no regrets, life goes on", said the musician.
Didier Juste with Sona Jobarteh
"Carte Blanche" in the 2016 ÎloJazz Festival
In December 2016, the "ÎloJazz Festival" in Guadeloupe gave him the "Carte Blanche" to express himself in front of a knowledgeable audience with special guest the composer, singer and musician of Gambian and English origin, Sona Jobarteh. His concert was very well, however he noticed that some artists he used to accompany on stage did not contact him anymore… "We are not supportive enough in Guadeloupe (…)", he said.
In addition, the musician underlined the secondary place sometimes that is attributed to the percussionist in the group : "Some people think that playing percussion is like making noise. If they have to eliminate an instrument, it is often percussion. A great musician like Charly Chomereau-Lamothe had to go abroad to have a career", said the percussionist.
He also regretted the stagnation of music and culture in the island. "In recent years, I have the impression that we are not evolving in Guadeloupe, we are regressing while we have some good people to think bigger. Previously, we were more limited but we had many more creations and choices. In my opinion, Guadeloupe would need a real cultural policy. With regard to gwoka, we have to educate people about this music.There are artists who released very beautiful albums, we do not hear them on the radio", said the artist.
A jazzy album in preparation
For 13 years, Didier Juste has been a teaching staff member at the Centre Culturel Sonis (Abymes) where he teaches percussion to girls and boys of all ages. "I pass on my knowledge. It's true that I am one of the few musicians who stayed in Guadeloupe but if I travel, who will do the job here ? I prefer to stay here, for the moment, even if it's hard", he said.
For some time now, the percussionist has been working on his first album which will be released this year or next year. This record will have 10 tracks and guests like Admiral T, Dominique Coco, Dory etc. "Contrary to what one might think, there will not be many percussion instruments, this album will be rather "soft" with lots of jazzy compositions. I'm trying to bring a new musical color, I like to innovate", he said.
When Didier Juste is not on stage, does not give lessons to his students or is not in studio to perfect his next record, he enjoys the beauty of his island. "I really like nature. Sometimes, I discover places that many people do not know, they tell me because I take pictures that I put on social networks (…)", he said cheerfully.
The 9th European Film Festival pays tribute to Jeanne Moreau
The 11th "Festival International de Zouk" is actively preparing
Keros-N knows how to set fire to the microphone and the radar too!
15 September 2021 Évelyne Chaville
Junior Prestige promotes "El malo de la película"
21 February 2018 Rosmery MARTINEZ DE LOS SANTOS
14 August 2021 Évelyne Chaville
From Cuba, Soberana 02: first phase III covid vaccine in Latin America and the Caribbean
Cuba began this week the phase III clinical trial of Soberana 02, the first anti-covid vaccine produced in Latin America and the Caribbean that reaches the most advanced phase before approval for general use. The [...]
Route du Rhum-Destination Guadeloupe: Bernard Lavilliers, the lover of Caribbean rhythms, was also there…
Nicolas Nabajoth explores the relationship between men and women through "Anima"
Gérald Bloncourt : "I am a staunch Caribbean"
NeoDance presents "Santiago y Buenos Aires" that unites Johnny Ventura ft Néstor Torres


text:
<?php

namespace ProtecTest\ZF2Trait\Log;

use \Protec\ZF2Trait\Log\LoggerAwareTrait;
use \Zend\Log\LoggerAwareInterface;

class LoggerAwareMock implements LoggerAwareInterface
{
    use LoggerAwareTrait;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: I am having problem with Keyboard events capturing in C# I have a simple form windows application, on which I have put a custom control for my specific task, I have written the KeyDown Handler for Form, the problem is that the KeyDown handler is working fine with every key other than the arrows keys... The control doesn't come in to key handler? why it is so? when I remove the custom control it starts working fine?

A: Take a look at this SO question.
Is KeyPreview on?
What control has focus?

A: I don't see the reason why form not preview arrow keys. But anyway, if you need more low-level access to keyboard handling (in particular shortcuts handling) you can override form's ProcessCmdKey.
protected override bool ProcessCmdKey(ref Message msg, Keys keyData)
{
    if (keyData == Keys.Left)
    {
        // your code here
        return true;
    }
    return base.ProcessCmdKey(ref msg, keyData);
}

A: You should Focus itself somewhere in the code to use ProcessCmdKey properly.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The JPEG format (Joint Photographic Experts Group) which supports 24-bit color, can be read by many applications because it is a standardized image compression mechanism. Created especially for the transmission and storage of photographic images, it offers a significant reduction in file size. It uses a lossy compression scheme by averaging the data in blocks of 8 x 8 pixels. Color variations that existed in the original image are lessened.
JPEG can achieve very high compression factors, the amount of which can be varied. But beware, since every time you open and save a JPEG file the image is compressed again so repeatedly saving the same image will seriously degrade it.
The GIF format (Graphic Interchange Format) which was developed by Compuserve in 1987, can only show 256 colors but it can choose any of the 16 million colors in a 24-bit image. These colors are stored in an index. It uses a lossless compression scheme.
An advantage over JPEG is that it handles images with a lot of contrast and fine details better than JPEG. This is the reason it is mostly used for line art such as cartoons, logos and text, and not so much for photographic images. JPEG and GIF are the most widely used formats on the Web nowadays.


To the Parents of Autistic Children: Never apologise. Ever.
This morning I was beginning my day with a happy little moment alone, leaning over the railing at work, gazing out over the suburbs and inhaling the fresh spring air. Up the hill came two figures; one familiar and one not so familiar. It was Jeremy*, who I have worked with several times before. He's 1o. He likes ice cream, he likes to use a chewy necklace and he also likes to make popcorn and he loves the cool tactile sensation when he runs his hands through loose flour. He loves the Wiggles. He loves to sing. He enjoys learning on iPads and playing with visually stimulating toys. Like many kids who have autism, he finds it hard to adjust to changing routine (like vacation care) and dislikes noisy, crowded environments (like drop-off time at vacation care). Depending on his mood, he can also be oppositional and merely dislike being told to do something, which brings out instant resistance, even though he may not immediately know why he's saying "no". Sometimes he just needs more time to process what has been said in order to comply. But one thing I always delight in watching Jeremy do, even when I'm not assigned to him for the day; I love to watch him daydream. He likes to be outside, singing his happy singsong birdcalls and listening to the sunshine.
Jeremy was accompanied by his mother, who I hadn't met until today. She was patiently guiding (wrestling) him up the footpath to our service, her face a mixture of saintly patience and relief to be so close to some respite. I instantly admired her.
Mum looked up at me, immediately relieved that a worker was attempting to take over the emotional load. Jeremy brightened at the sound of my voice and walked freely up the ramp. Jeremy's Mum seemed to spend the entire walk up the long ramp trying to get over the fact that someone was expressing excitement at the prospect of spending the day with her son. After a short conversation about his chewy necklace we went inside, where I briefed her on the day's planned activities.
At that point, my own charge began poking someone and annoying them so I had to dash off to deal with that situation. But that conversation has stayed with me ever since. It's not the first time I've had a conversation with a parent of a child on the spectrum who peppers entire conversations with apologies for their child's behaviours, their higher level of care needs and their differences in interacting with NT children in public spaces. This time, she even apologised for being concerned about a real risk to her child's safety.
I'm so sad about this; that our society has trained parents of children with differing ability to feel they have to apologise by default. And I'm here telling you, Jeremy's Mum, you have nothing to be sorry for. I wish my guys had stopped poking each other just another 60 seconds, so I'd had time to take her aside to tell her I that I can see the loving relationship she has with her son, in their squishy kisses goodbye, in her worry for him, even in the case file notes where she outlines the things he likes and how to manage his behaviour and understand his feelings and communications. I can even see the expense she has gone to, paying for Sydney's very best specialists in autism, hearing loss and acquired brain injury. There's nothing she and her husband won't do for their son and she wants the very best for him. That isn't something to apologise for, but to be proud of. In any parent/child relationship. If anything, she's a parent that other parents should be inspired by. And if a worker isn't enthusiastic about caring for Jeremy for the day, then maybe they should rethink their job. Because anything less than excitement and enthusiasm isn't good enough.
Autism is what it is, and our children are all different in their own weird, wonderful ways. We deal with those differences together, as a society. Never apologise. Until there are standardised communication boards in every Australian park, until there is a quiet zone in every shopping centre for overstimulated distressed children, it's us who owe you the apology.
Tags: autism. Bookmark the permalink.
Previous post ← "In the Helping Professions".


As a licensed REALTOR® in Virginia, I am passionate about the needs and goals of my clients. Buying or selling a home can be exciting but it can also be stressful. It's particularly stressful for first-timers and those who have a short timeline. I know this firsthand. That's why I work extra hard to keep my clients informed, and to make the process as smooth as possible.
I'm a customer-service-oriented Real Estate advisor who helps buyers and sellers in Virginia. I moved to the Hampton Roads area a few years ago, following a 10-year career in the banking and insurance industry. Relocating gave me a chance to start my career, so I followed my passion for Real Estate. I have the market knowledge, the perseverance, and the customer service skills needed to make your next real estate transaction a successful one. I am committed to providing excellent customer service with professionalism and integrity.
I've been married for 8 years to my wonderful husband who works at the Newport News Shipyard and we have an amazing son. I am an enthusiastic member of the community and enjoy family time, crafting and showing clients the best that Hampton Roads has to offer.


2 Sam. 1. 25. Although this was David's lament over Saul, it might be a fitting summary of the early days of Jehoshaphat, but in a battle that was not military but spiritual.
Jehoshaphat started well. He sought to fortify Judah by securing her borders. He built castles and cities of store and surrounded himself with mighty men of valour: Adnah, Jehohanan, Amasiah, Eliada, and Jehozabad. He 'walked in the first ways of his father David', 2 Chr. 17. 3. Spiritually, he was obedient to the commandments of God and took away the high places and groves from Judah. He enjoyed the Lord's presence and blessing. He sent his princes and Levites throughout all the cities of Judah to teach the people from the book of the law of the Lord. As a consequence, it is stated that 'the fear of the Lord fell upon all the kingdoms of the lands that were round about Judah', v. 10. After such an auspicious start, what a future opened up for the kingdom of Judah!
But a king who starts well does not always continue well. As with Asa his father, so, it seemed, with Jehoshaphat. Paul warned Timothy, 'But they that will be rich fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown men in destruction and perdition', 1 Tim. 6. 9. In the case of Jehoshaphat it was when he 'had riches and honour in abundance' that he allied himself with Ahab. How strange that a man who, in the opening years of his reign, 'strengthened himself against Israel' should, in the middle part of his reign, join 'affinity with Ahab', one of Israel's most infamous monarchs.
The lessons for us today are equally real and important. A good start does not ensure a faithful continuance. We each have a responsibility to remain close to the Lord and obedient to the word of God in our daily walk if we are to be preserved from error. To be spiritually complacent is to become extremely vulnerable. We should never underestimate our own weakness. It may be riches. It may be honour and status. The superlatives abound – Jehoshaphat's riches and honour were in abundance, 2 Chr. 17. 5, he 'waxed great exceedingly', v. 12. It may be our seeming strength, surrounded by 'mighty men of valour', vv. 14, 16, 17. 'Wherefore let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall', 1 Cor. 10. 12.
We often speak of the benefits of hindsight and this is equally true in the life of Jehoshaphat. There were signs that should have provided ample warning of the danger that he was in. He asked the question of Ahab, 'Is there not here a prophet of the Lord?' 2 Chr. 18. 6. Yet he failed to see the implications of the answer. The wise man said, 'Where there is no vision, the people perish: but he that keepeth the law, happy is he', Prov. 29. 18. If there was clearly so little vision in Israel, what was Jehoshaphat doing there, allied with Ahab? Equally, when the challenge of Micaiah the prophet rang out, 'If thou certainly return in peace, then hath not the Lord spoken by me', 2 Chr. 18. 27, should there not have been a sense of foreboding? Even Ahab's desire to disguise himself when he went into battle did not sound the alarm in Jehoshaphat's ear. How impervious we can become!
Finally, in the midst of the battle against the king of Syria, Jehoshaphat realized the enormity of his folly and his plight – he 'cried out, and the Lord helped him', v. 31. After the death of Ahab in the battle, Jehoshaphat was brought back to his senses and 'returned to his house in peace to Jerusalem', 19. 1. He had learned a salutary lesson, as Jehu the son of Hanani told him! What sort of 'wake up' call do we need to arrest us, to check us in our folly? While there is a testimony to the foolishness of man there is also a testimony to the goodness and grace of God!
Thankfully, failure does not have to be final. We see in the latter years of king Jehoshaphat a chastened and a largely wiser man. He brought the people 'back to the Lord God of their fathers', v. 4. He set judges in the land and instructed them to operate in the fear of the Lord, vv. 7, 9. He linked the priesthood and the Levites with the judges to ensure 'the judgment of the Lord' would prevail. However, it was when the children of Moab and the children of Ammon came against Judah that we see Jehoshaphat's finest hour.
When he had gone out with Ahab to fight against Syria there had been only Micaiah to act as prophet and reveal the mind of the Lord. Here, Jehoshaphat 'set himself to seek the Lord', 20. 3. He united the nation 'to ask help of the Lord', and they came 'out of all the cities of Judah', v. 4. Standing in the house of the Lord, it is Jehoshaphat that leads the prayers. How this demonstrates the power for good of spiritual leaders!
Jehoshaphat had grown in his knowledge and appreciation of the God that had blessed him. He spoke of, because he had proved, the awesome power of God, v. 6. He delighted in the covenant-keeping God who dwelt amongst His people, vv. 7-8. He acknowledged a God who had heard and answered prayer, v. 9. He rejoiced in the terms of the covenant, that God had given the land to His people, v. 11. But Jehoshaphat also had a clearer understanding of his own plight, 'We have no might against this great company . . . but our eyes are upon thee', v. 12.
There may be those today who have failed and their folly has been a salutary lesson in their relatively tender spiritual lives. Let us grasp the lesson of the life of Jeshoshaphat – there is a way back and the grace of God that has saved us is able to restore us. The key to the return of the king is given us in the words of Jehu, the son of Hanani, 'Thou . . . hast prepared thine heart to seek God', 19. 3. The evidence of that fact is before us in the verses of chapter 20 that we have just considered. Complacency has been replaced with confidence in God – a God that he has come to know in a real way. Coupled with Jehoshaphat's growing knowledge of God comes a deeper appreciation of himself. Like Paul, he could say, 'Therefore I take pleasure in infirmities, in reproaches, in necessities, in persecutions, in distresses for Christ's sake: for when I am weak, then am I strong', 2 Cor. 12. 10. But, sadly, at the close of his life Jehoshaphat repeated the same mistake when he joined 'himself with Ahaziah king of Israel, who did very wickedly', 2 Chr. 20. 35. It might be said that when Jehoshaphat considered himself strong he was at his weakest. In reality it should be in the midst of our weakness that we realize the power of God and give Him the glory for all that He is able to accomplish in us and through us.
As we draw our brief study of Jehoshaphat to a close, it is worth pondering the implications of the historical record for our collective lives as companies of the Lord's people. Have we experienced what Judah experienced, 'Then . . . came the Spirit of the Lord in the midst of the congregation', 20. 14? When was the last time we felt that the Spirit of God was at work in our midst? We have looked at what was in the heart of Jehoshaphat, indicating the spiritual condition of those that lead. We can note that the king 'stood in the congregation' and was identified as an integral part of it. But there is also evidence of the heart of the people as a whole, 'all Judah stood before the Lord with their little ones, their wives, and their children', v. 13. What a sight! Here is a united people, men, women, and children, standing before the Lord in humble acknowledgement of the truth of the words of the king and in complete dependence upon God. This is the ground for blessing! The cry goes out, 'Stand ye still, and see the salvation of the Lord', v. 17. As we seek the blessing of God in the gospel and in the building up of the assembly, are we united? Equally, if, in His grace, God has chosen to bless us, do we, like Jehoshaphat and all Judah, fall before the Lord to worship and stand up to praise the Lord with a loud voice, vv. 18-19?


text:
eUABIR - Інституційний репозитарій Української академії банківської справи Національного банку України, що я вляє собою електронний архів, який накопичує, зберігає та надає вільний, довгостроковий та безкоштовний доступ до електронних версій наукових публікацій, науково-методичних та навчальних матеріалів, створених науковими працівниками, аспірантами та студентами академії.

Репозитарій є ресурсом відкритого доступу та частиною загальної електронної колекції наукової бібліотеки академії, що дозволяє без обмежень використовувати електронні колекції наукових надбань академії з дослідницькою, навчальною та освітньою метою.

Розпочав eUABIR роботу 20 січня 2011 року. Репозитарій має міжнародний стандартний номер періодичного видання ISSN 2310-8584.

eUABIR створений на програмному забезпеченні відкритого коду DSpace.

Колекції репозитарію eUABIR:
 Газета «АкадеМіх»
 Англомовні праці викладачів
 Буклети
 Бібліографічні покажчики
 Дисертації і автореферати
 ЗМІ про академію
 Кваліфікаційні роботи студентів
 Монографії, навчальні посібники
 Навчально-методичні матеріали
 Презентації
 Препринти
 Статті, тези доповідей, наукові звіти

eUABIR є учасником проекту ELibUkr «Електронна Бібліотека України: створення Центрів Знань в Університетах України».

eUABIR є учасником наукометричного рейтингу Webometrics "The Ranking Web of World repositories". За даними 2014 року академічний репозитарій займає 8-е місце в Україні та 443 за міжнародним рейтингом з 1897 архівів світу.

Координатор eUABIR – Ониксимова Лариса Теофанівна.

Примітки

Інтернет-комунікація
Архіви з відкритим доступом

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A rally was held in front of Buffalo's B District Police Station last week to voice concerns over the death of Wardel Davis, 20, who died while in police custody.
Monitoring police conduct has become a pressing issue in recent years across the nation. Many cities have responded by increasing civilian oversight. But as Daniela Porat with our partner Investigative Post has found, there is little effort to hold police accountable in Buffalo.
Last week, demonstrators gathered outside a police precinct in downtown Buffalo to rally for police accountability. They came out for Wardel Davis, who died last week while being apprehended by two Buffalo Police officers.
What is a citizen to do when they feel victimized by police?
In many cities, including Rochester and Pittsburgh, their police investigations into public complaints are reviewed by a citizen panel. But in Buffalo, police are permitted to police themselves and they rarely find fault with the conduct of officers accused of using excessive force.
"I don't feel as if they're held accountable because it's the fox watching the chicken coop when it comes to internal affairs," said Gary Connnors, father of Matthew Connors, who was shot and killed by officer James Reese in August 2009. Police said Reese acted in self-defense.
The Internal Affairs Division of the Buffalo Police Department completed 62 investigations into allegation of excessive use of force during a two-and-a-half-year period ending last fall. Officers were found at fault in only four cases. That means officers are cleared of wrongdoing 94 percent of the time. Another 26 cases remain open, dating back as far as 2014.
"Unfortunately, I think that fairness demands that there be some transparency with what internal affairs does. There is none. It's absolutely secret," said Steven Cohen, the attorney representing Connors.
In a deposition related to the Connors case, former police commissioner McCarthy Gipson acknowledged the problem with police investigating police. When asked whether police officers will lie to protect other officers about on-duty misconduct, he said yes.
Gary Connors said the police stonewalled him. They would not even give him a copy of the police report.
"They kept putting us off, and saying in a couple months," Connors said.
In other cities like Rochester and Pittsburgh, these internal affairs investigations are reviewed by an independent civilian body. In Buffalo, there are two bodies charged with holding police accountable, but neither one is effective.
The Common Council established the Police Oversight Committee nearly three years ago but has not addressed police misconduct or any number of other issues. Then there's the Commission on Citizens' Rights and Community Relations. It has the legal authority to review internal police records involving citizen complaints, but police rarely provide adequate documentation and the commission does not use its subpoena power to obtain them.
"It's less oversight and more community relations," said the commission's executive director, Richard Morrisroe.
The commission hasn't released an annual report since 2009 and the mayor has allowed four of its 11 seats to go vacant. Local activists, including Danielle Johnson of the Justice and Opportunity Table, want more say in police oversight. They're pushing for more community representation on the commission.
"It's only right for the community to have a say and to have input as to how things proceed when they feel as though they have been wronged," said Johnson.
This flawed system of checks and balances extends to the courts, where an officer's history of misconduct can remain concealed. New York Civil Rights Law 50(a), prohibits the release of records used to evaluate an officer's performance. But departments frequently use it as a blanket exemption on all personnel records. In court, it's up to a judge to decide whether and what is released in cases where an officer is being sued for police misconduct.
"It is very frustrating...when I'm trying to get a jury to do justice and when you have the same officer who acted like a brutal animal in the field and beat the crap out of my client for no good reason and I want to let the jury know that the person is a monster, it gets frustrating for me not to be able to show what this officer has done and to not be able to bring out their prior conduct in a court of law," said Steven Cohen.
The recent death of Wardel Davis has put the issue of police accountability front and center. Our findings suggest Buffalo has a lot of room for improvement.
A spokesman for the Buffalo Police Department said Wednesday morning that investigations by more than one agency are underway following the death of a 20-year-old Buffalo man who was being taken into custody overnight.


Host restaurant came to the attention of foodies after a glowing review from The Sunday Times' restaurant critic Marina O'Loughlin. Formerly occupied by Italian chain Carluccio's, it is set in a conservatory style building located on one of the most sought-after addresses, The Grove in the picturesque spa town of Ilkley in West Yorkshire.
Chef patron is locally born Joel Monkman, who has created a gem of a neighbourhood restaurant with a welcoming and relaxed ambience. The menu is designed for sharing and Joel makes the most of the abundance of local and seasonal produce. A good starting point while you peruse the menu is the house bread served with whipped pork dripping and cultured butter or the hogget scrumpet with minted green sauce. The recommendation is to order two or three plates per person along the lines of Tamwort pork belly, celeriac and January King cabbage or from the sea East Coast halibut, sea vegetable and clam 'bourride' stew, parsely and aioli. When it comes to desserts it's hard to resist the chocolate, caramel and walnut mille feuille and creme fraiche or the passion fruit ice cream sandwich.
Service is notably friendly and the carefully curated wine list focuses on Europe.


text:
Opeření dinosauři jsou opeřená skupina teropodních dinosaurů, u které mají teropodi primitivní peří podobné jako u dnešních ptáků. Nálezy těchto dinosaurů byly učiněny v Číně, Mongolsku, Evropě i Severní Americe. Většina prokazatelně opeřených druhů byla nalezena v Číně. Mezi první historicky objevené opeřené teropody patřil "prapták" Archaeopteryx lithographica, formálně popsaný již roku 1861.

Charakteristika
Předpoklad, že dinosauři jsou předky ptáků, byl poprvé vysloven již v 60. letech 19. století, a to i v souvislosti s objevem "praptáka" archeopteryxe. Všeobecné podpory se však dočkal až v 70. letech minulého století, především zásluhou paleontologů, jako Robert T. Bakker. Dnes jsou ptáci považováni dokonce za specializovanou skupinu teropodních dinosaurů. Jedním z nejlepších potvrzení této teorie jsou nálezy dinosaurů s pernatým pokryvem těla z oblasti Liao-ning v Číně (především formace Yixian). Nejde však o blízce příbuzné druhy, zařaditelné například do jediné čeledi. V roce 1996 byl oznámen objev prvního dinosaura s primitivním pokryvem těla podobným srsti. Dostal jméno Sinosauropteryx prima, byl to malý teropod asi 1 metr dlouhý. Následovaly další nálezy a dnes víme již zhruba o 20 rodech neptačích dinosaurů s tímto tělesným pokryvem (v různém stadiu vývoje). U dalších 5 rodů bylo opeření prokázáno na kosterním aparátu nebo chemickou analýzou. Výzkum moderními technologiemi dokazuje, že pernatý tělní pokryv byl u některých rodů (např. Anchiornis) ještě podstatně výraznější, než se dříve předpokládalo.

K dochování pravěkého peří patrně přispěla druhohorní atmosféra s vyšším obsahem oxidu uhličitého a obecně vyššími průměrnými teplotami, díky kterým mineralizační procesy probíhaly rychleji (a organický materiál z odumřelých organismů měl větší šanci fosilizovat a dochovat se tak do současnosti).

Význam opeření

Dnes se zdá být jisté, že peří vzniklo u dravých celurosauridních teropodů primárně jako insulace (ochrana tělesné teploty), případně jako prostředek k prodlužování skoků (např. při lovu potravy) nebo z větve na větev při arboreálním způsobu života. Význam mělo také jako signalizační orgán. Peří u dnešních ptáků tak rozhodně nevzniklo primárně jako prostředek k letu. Schopnost letu je tedy vlastně až vývojovou exaptací (druhotnou adaptací).
Většina dosud známých opeřených dinosaurů patří mezi plazopánvé, ale známe i dva ptakopanvé a jejich společný předek tedy byl ten první dinosaurus a tudíž je možné, že peří je společným znakem dinosaurů a někteří ho postupně ztratili. Peří opeřených dinosauřích samců mohlo sloužit jako lákadlo pro samice.

U některých dinosaurů peří skutečně sloužilo primárně jako tepelná izolace, a to zejména u druhů, žijících v chladnějším prostředí. Příkladem mohou být tzv. polární dinosauři z území dnešní Antarktidy a Austrálie, Aljašky či ruského Dálného Východu nebo i čínské provincie Liao-ning (např. souvrství Yixian a Jeholská biota obecně). V těchto prostředích museli dinosauři snášet teploty pod bodem mrazu a setkávali se zřejmě i s pro druhohorní éru neobvyklým sněhem a ledem.

Vývoj peří
Vědecká studie z roku 2018 dokazuje, že tělesné opeření a metabolismus se zřejmě do značné míry vyvíjely společně. Maniraptorní dinosauři a primitivní jurští a křídoví ptáci však měli zřejmě nižší bazální teplotu než současní ptáci. V roce 2015 byla publikována odborná práce zabývající se vývojem a výskytem různých typů pernatého integumentu u neptačích dinosaurů a i prvních ptáků v období druhohor.

Výzkumy výborně zachovaných exemplářů ptakoještěrů publikované v roce 2022 odhalily, že měli na těle dobře vyvinuté opeření, které bylo barevné a mohlo hrát významnou úlohu při signalizaci a komunikaci. Pravděpodobně se také jednalo o synapomorfii (sdílený odvozený znak) ptakoještěrů i dinosaurů.

Výčet druhů
Zahrnuje pouze taxony s dochovaným (nikoliv jen předpokládaným) pernatým integumentem. Mnoho dinosauřích rodů se zachovalo bez tohoto synapomorfního znaku, opeření se však u nich předpokládá. Největším dinosaurem, který téměř s jistotou opeření měl, byl obří oviraptorid Gigantoraptor, popsaný v roce 2007. Stejně velký pak byl prokazatelně opeřený Yutyrannus, popsaný roku 2012.

Rod + rok popisu/objevu opeření
 Ostromia (1970)
 Avimimus* (1987)
 Sinosauropteryx (1996) – první prokazatelně "opeřený" neptačí dinosaurus
 Protarchaeopteryx (1997)
 Caudipteryx (1998)
 Rahonavis* (1998)
 Shuvuuia* (1998) – opeření prokázáno biochemicky
 Sinornithosaurus (1999)
 Beipiaosaurus (1999)
 Microraptor (2000)
 Nomingia* (2000)
 Epidendrosaurus (2002)
 Cryptovolans (2002)
 Scansoriopteryx (2002)
 (?)Psittacosaurus (2002) – keratinové "štětinky" na ocase
 Yixianosaurus (2003)
 Dilong (2004)
 Pedopenna (2005)
 Jinfengopteryx (2005)
 (?)Juravenator* (2006)
 Sinocalliopteryx (2007) – nejdelší opeřený dinosaurus (237 cm)
 Velociraptor* (2007)
 Similicaudipteryx* (2008)
 Epidexipteryx (2008)
 Anchiornis (2009)
 Tianyulong (2009) – první prokazatelně "opeřený" ptakopánvý dinosaurus
 Concavenator (2010)
 Xiaotingia (2011)
 Yutyrannus (2012)
 Sciurumimus (2012)
 Ornithomimus (2012)
 Eosinopteryx (2013)
 Citipati (2013: pygostyle)
 Conchoraptor (2013: pygostyle)
 Jianchangosaurus (2013)
 Changyuraptor (2015)
 Kulindadromeus (2014)
 Deinocheirus (2014)
 Yi (2015)
 Zhenyuanlong (2015)
 Dakotaraptor (2015)
 Apatoraptor (2016)
 Jianianhualong (2017)
 Caihong (2018)
 Xingtianosaurus (2019)
 Ambopteryx (2019)
 Wulong (2020)
 ?Chirostenotes (2020)
 Ubirajara (2020)

Podle některých studií by do této umělé skupiny patřili i známí "praptáci" rodu Archaeopteryx a Wellnhoferia. Dnes existuje předpoklad, že opeření bylo synapomorfií (sdíleným odvozeným znakem) mezi všemi celurosauřími teropody. V případě posledního rodu jde o prvního ptakopánvého dinosaura s prokázaným proto-peřím. U rodu Velociraptor bylo opeření prokázáno pouze druhotně na základě kostních struktur pro uchycení per (nebyly tedy objeveny přímo fosilizované otisky peří). U ostatních taxonů, označených symbolem "*" bylo opeření prokázáno nepřímo (tedy nikoliv jako otisk u fosílie, nýbrž chemicky či přítomností papil).

"Opeření" u ptakopánvých
Unikátním objeven byly podobné "štětinovité" struktury tvořené kolagenem také u ptakopánvého dinosaura rodu Psittacosaurus. Na konci ocasu tohoto drobného spodnokřídového býložravce se nacházel jakýsi vějíř z kolagenních vláken, strukturou podobný peří teropodních dinosaurů. Zcela výjimečným objeven je pak především první "opeřený" ornitopod rodu Tianyulong, popsaný v roce 2009 z Číny. V roce 2014 jej pak doplnil objev rodu Kulindadromeus z Ruska. Tento sibiřský taxon byl datován na stáří kolem 170 milionů let a je tak v současnosti nejstarším prokazatelně opeřeným dinosaurem vůbec.

Velikostní rekordman
Zdaleka největším neptačím dinosaurem, u něhož bylo zatím opeření (resp. pernatý pokryv těla) zcela prokázáno, je čínský tyranosauroid Yutyrannus huali, popsaný v dubnu roku 2012. V dospělosti dosahoval délky až 9 metrů a hmotnosti přes 1,4 tuny. Předchozí "rekordman" Beipiaosaurus inexpectus byl nesrovnatelně menší, na délku měřil asi 2,2 metru a vážil jen několik desítek kilogramů. Je možné, že na některých částech těla byl opeřený například i proslulý Tyrannosaurus rex, přímo dokázat to ale zatím nelze.

Významné objevy
V roce 2012 byly v souvrství Yixian objeveni bezobratlí paraziti v podobě obřích blech druhu Pseudopulex magnus. Samičky těchto krev sajících parazitů dosahovaly délky až 23 mm a živily se zřejmě krví teplokrevných tvorů, včetně opeřených dinosaurů. Dalšími jejich hostiteli pak mohli být také ptakoještěři, pravěcí savci a praptáci. V prosinci 2016 byl oznámen objev fantasticky zachované části opeřeného dinosauřího ocasu v jantaru ze severního Myanmaru. Dochovaná část měří asi 3,6 centimetru a vykazuje dobře patrné jemné opeření, podobné ozdobnému peří současných tropických ptáků. U dinosauřího pera zalitého v jantaru byly také objeveny dva druhy klíšťat, které pravděpodobně v pernatém integumentu těchto dinosaurů cizopasily. Je možné, že opeření byli i obří čínští oviraptorosauři rodu Gigantoraptor a Beibeilong, u nichž známe obří vejce o délce kolem půl metru. Ta mohla být zahřívána právě opeřením těchto teropodů. U několika fosilií teropodních dinosaurů již byly identifikovány také původní melanozomy a barviva, takže bylo možné rekonstruovat jejich přibližné zbarvení (např. rody Anchiornis, Sinosauropteryx ad.).
V listopadu roku 2019 bylo oznámeno, že v hornině z jihovýchodní Austrálie bylo dochováno první peří australských "polárních" teropodních dinosaurů.

Objevy v jantaru z Myanmaru ukázaly, že v době před 99 miliony let (přelom spodní a svrchní křídy) existovalo množství vnějších parazitů, kteří se zřejmě živili peřím dinosaurů nebo jeho deriváty. Takovým ektoparazitem byl například druh Mesophthirus engeli, formálně popsaný na konci roku 2019.

V ilustracích
První ilustrace opeřených dinosaurů (nebo praptáků) se objevily již na počátku 20. století (tzv. Proavis), skutečné rekonstrukce s vědeckou hodnotou pak až od 70. let minulého století. V současnosti jsou již zcela běžné a dřívější pojetí menších teropodů jako "šupinatých plazů" se již prakticky zcela opouští. U některých druhů opeřených dinosaurů byla již určena také přibližná barva jejich opeření, a to na základě rozboru zachovaných fosilních melanozomů. Jak ale dokládají některé výzkumy, přesný barevný vzor může být velmi obtížné zjistit vzhledem ke změnám v rozložení a pozici melanozomů v průběhu fosilizačních pochodů.

Odkazy

Reference

Literatura
 Long, J. (2008). Feathered Dinosaurs: The Origin of Birds.
 Socha, V. (2009). Úžasný svět dinosaurů, str. 193-197.

Související články
 Archaeoraptor – padělaná fosilie údajného chybějícího článku mezi opeřenými dinosaury a ptáky

Externí odkazy
 Článek na webu DinosaurusBlog
 Článek na webu UCMP
 Článek na webu Dinosauria.com
 Článek na webu AMNH
 Článek o prvním opeřeném dinosaurovi na webu DinosaurusBlog
 Článek na webu Tetrapod Zoology
 Článek na webu Marka Wittona

Teropodní dinosauři


text:
Louis Charles Birch (8 de febrero de 1918–19 de diciembre de 2009) fue un biólogo y genetista australiano.

Charles Birch fue profesor emérito de la Universidad de Sydney desde 1983 hasta su muerte en 2009. Fue profesor visitante en universidades de São Paulo, Minnesota y California.

En 1961 fue honrado como miembro de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias y como miembro de la Asociación Americana para el Avance de la Ciencia en 1980. Se convirtió en miembro del Club de Roma en 1980 y fue un miembro Honorario Vitalicio de la Sociedad Ecológica Británica. También fue miembro vitalicio honorario de la Sociedad Ecológica de América.

El Premio Ecologista Eminente le fue entregado en 1988, y fue galardonado con el Premio Templeton en 1990. Birch fue miembro del Centro de Estudios del Proceso, el Centro de ModernWorld Post, y el Consejo Mundial de las Iglesias.

En toda su carrera como biólogo y genetista participó en la reflexión sobre cuestiones de ciencia y fe. Vio los descubrimientos modernos sobre las ciencias naturales como la ampliación de la comprensión de Dios como diseñador y creador del universo y sus criaturas.

Birch escribió nueve libros y sesenta publicaciones sobre la ciencia, la religión, y la existencia humana.

Hasta su muerte el 18 de diciembre de 2009, vivió en Darling Point, Nueva Gales del Sur, Australia.

Obras
 The Distribution and Abundance of Animals, with H. G. Andrewartha, University of Chicago Press, 1954
 Nature and God, SCM Press, 1965
 Confronting the Future: Australia and the world: the next hundred years, Penguin Books, 1975 (2nd edition 1993) ISBN 0-14-021937-4
 Genetics and the Quality of Life, with Paul Abrecht. Pergamon Press, 1975. ISBN 0-08-018210-0
 Another Australia in a Just and Sustainable Global Society: An Address University of Newcastle, 1976.
 The Liberation of Life: From the Cell to the Community, with John B. Cobb Jr., Cambridge University Press, 1981. ISBN 0-521-23787-4
 The Ecological Web: more on the distribution and abundance of animals, con H. G. Andrewartha, Univ. of Chicago Press, 1984. ISBN 0-226-02033-9
 Liberating Life: Contemporary Approaches to Ecological Theory, Orbis, 1990 ISBN 0-88344-689-8
 On Purpose, UNSW Press, 1990. ISBN 0-86840-371-7 (publicado en USA como A Purpose for Everything: Religion in a Postmodern World View, Twentythird Publications, 1990. ISBN 0-89622-453-8)
 Regaining Compassion for Humanity and Nature, UNSW Press, 1993. ISBN 0-86840-213-3
 Feelings, UNSW Press, 1995. ISBN 0-86840-151-X
 Living With the Animals: The Community of God's Creatures, con Lukas Vischer. Risk Book Series, World Council of Churches, 1996. ISBN 2-8254-1227-9
 Biology and the Riddle of Life, copublicado por UNSW Press (Australia), 1999. ISBN 0-86840-785-2
 Life and Work: Challenging Economic Man, con David Paul. UNSW Press, 2003. ISBN 0-86840-670-8
 Science and Soul, copublicado por UNSW Press (Australia), 2007 & Templeton Foundation Press (USA), 2008. ISBN 978-0-86840-958-0

Notas

Referencias
 Templeton Press - Authors -Charles Birch
 Charles Birch, Process Thought: Its Value and Meaning To Me
 Counterbalance, Biography: Charles Birch
 Australian Biography - Charles Birch
 Charles Birch, Science and Soul - Charles Birch interviewed by Stephen Crittenden on The Religion Report, ABC Radio National, 19 December 2007
 Obituary - Sydney Morning Herald 23 de diciembre de 2009

Agrónomos de Australia
Biólogos de Australia
Genetistas de Australia
Profesores de la Universidad de Sídney
Ciencia y religión
Premio Templeton
Miembros de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias
Club de Roma
Asociación Estadounidense para el Avance de la Ciencia
Nacidos en Melbourne


text:
Home News 'The younger they start being conscious, the better'
'The younger they start being conscious, the better'
MATTHEW HIRSCH
The Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (IJR) hosted a book launch and social cohesion conference in Cape Town last week.
A book that took three years of research on the topic of social cohesion was launched by the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (IJR) at their offices in Gardens last week.
The launch of the book titled Pathways For Connections also culminated in a two-day conference that was focused on social cohesion.
Eleanor du Plooy, a senior project leader at the IJR, said the book is a compilation of their reflections, challenges and success of working in a more integrated way.
"It's a reflection on what we think is possible in terms of building socially cohesive communities, making reconciliation practical and seeing what the challenges are in communities. I think that this is an important publication for any practitioner who wants to try and do similar things in their communities."
She said the book included case studies and methodologies.
Nosindiso Mtimkulu, another senior research at the IJR, said research for the book began in 2013. "We wrote the book based on the projects we did in the field," she said.
She said that there was a model for doing the work within communities."It's about implementing this model and taking it into new areas. We've also equipped the areas we've worked in so that they can continue the work."
She said that the book was something all South Africans should have. "It's all our responsibility to work in the area of social cohesion in our immediate areas. The younger they start being conscious, the better. Living in South Africa you are aware of the vast differences between people in the country. It should be up to us to change the situation."
Ms Mtimkulu said that a tool book with exercises was released with the book to be made available for activities such as dialogues.
Ms Du Plooy said each of the project leaders had projects with different targets.
For example, there was the memory arts and culture project, schools oral history project, and the community healing project.
"The idea behind this was to work in an integrated way and ensure that all the communities we work in are exposed to the different projects and programmes."
She said there were good lessons to be learnt in the book. "It could be useful for peaceful builders who are looking to make reconciliation a real thing."
She said the book also recognises the historical legacies of colonialism and apartheid.
"It raises the issues, poses questions and challenges. It also offers possible avenues and tools you can use to explore them. It's a tool for self reflection."
The book is available for free download. For more information visit the IJR's website at http://www.ijr.org.za/.
Previous articleWater U-turn
Next articleMixed views on sea report