Shortly after Nelson Mandela's death last week, politicians from across the globe made their tributes to the anti-apartheid hero.
Facebook users were quick to point out the botched Photoshop job. To make matters more embarrassing, the picture shows Sonko's head pasted over that of none other than legendary boxer Muhammad Ali.
Next time, the eccentric politician should maybe stick to inspirational quotes when someone passes away. Or, you know, a real picture.


The Soccer Skills Program (SSP) is a skills development program created to improve the players' technique, fitness and understanding of the game. Aimed at players U6 (2013) to U18 (2001).
The SSP focuses on developing individual soccer skills, help participants gain confidence with the ball and develop passion for the beautiful game. This program motivates each player to build up strengths, fix weaknesses and reinforce physical and mental aspects of the game.
The WSA calendar is sent to all parents at the beginning of the season and before the start of every month. Players play in any club or academy team of their choice, this program is meant to compliment that.


Get the facts about what's going on at campuses across the country and how universities' failure to emphasize their academic mission has created a vacuum that is filled by substance abuse. Almost 600,000 students were assaulted last year by a student who had been drinking. 40% of college students report binge drinking in the last two weeks. Find out how you as a trustee can address the problem.


In 1891, Hannah G. Solomon was asked to organize the participation of Jewish women for the upcoming Chicago World's Fair. When Hannah and her recruits discovered they were expected to perform hostess duties, they refused and planned a revolutionary women's forum instead. Convening in 1893 at the World Parliament of Religions, these courageous Jewish women from throughout the country changed the role of women and the nature of volunteerism forever by founding the National Council of Jewish Women.
Since the 19th century, NCJW has realized its mission with pioneering programs and initiatives that honor and protect freedom, individual rights, and civil liberties, as well as through service projects that benefit local communities. Our proud history tells a wonderful story that is worth sharing .
1858 Hannah Solomon (nee Greenbaum) born. (Died in 1948).
1890 During the planning for the World's Fair, Hannah and friends decide that they can do more than help play hostess and serve coffee in the Women's Building. They move to the Parliament of Religions, "where women of all creeds were represented, and the Jewish woman should have a place." There they establish the Jewish Women's Congress.
1893 During the Jewish Women's Congress at the World's Fair, Hannah G. Solomon called for the first Jewish Women's Organization, giving birth to the National Council of Jewish Women. Women attending the Congress included Henrietta Szold, Minnie Louis, Sadie American, Josephine Lazarus, Henrietta Frank, Hannah Solomon and Ellen Henrotin. Solomon serves as president from 1893 -1905.
1896 First Triennial Convention, held at Sinai Congregation. Headline speaker: Rabbi Emil Hirsch.
1930's Solomon and NCJW work with Jane Addams on immigrant aid in Chicago.
NCJW built its national legacy by stepping forward and speaking out on crucial issues years before others followed its courageous example. Our national headquarters is located in Washington D.C. and it also maintains an office in Israel where NCJW's social action agenda in Israel mirrors its interests and efforts in the United States. Through its Jerusalem office, NCJW works with coalition partners to promote women's rights, tolerance and coexistence, the well-being of women, children, and families, and US support for Israel.
Closer to home, local NCJW sections, including our Chicago North Shore Section, have been instrumental in making a difference in the lives of thousands of people. NCJW helped develop the Meals-on-Wheels program, becoming the first national Jewish organization to join the initiative and serve on its national board. Locally, NCJW worked with the Trinity Episcopal Church in Highland Park to establish Tri-Con Child Care Center when a growing need for subsidized child care developed in the North Shore area. NCJW looks for a "need" in a community. Then our dedicated members find ways to fill that need. Our current community service projects include volunteering at Tri-Con, serving meals at local Soup Kitchens, bringing dignity to domestic violence survivors, providing arts programming for disadvantaged children through the Dorothy Cohen Fine Arts Initiative and much more.
NCJW is a strong advocate for women and children. In communities across the globe, NCJW's programs reflect the spirit of the organization itself. NCJW's Strategies to Prevent Domestic Violence (SToP) facilitate education, outreach, advocacy, and community action. In August 1999, our section, in coalition with a local chapter of NOW, initiated a Domestic Violence Courtwatch at the 2nd Municipal Court of Cook County in Skokie. Our mission is to hold the justice system accountable and to advocate for needed community services for families affected by domestic violence. Our Luggage for Freedom program aims to provide a sense of dignity to women who transitioning out of domestic violence shelters by giving them a suitcase packed with some personal and household items. The Silent Witness Exhibit honors women in Illinois who have been murdered through acts of domestic violence. The powerful memorial consists of life-sized figures of women murdered through acts of domestic violence as well as figures representing the small but very real amount of male victims and the children left motherless.
The NCJW Chicago North Shore Section has roughly 1000 members who participate in a number of important community service, advocacy, and education programs. We provide opportunities for all members to enjoy the company of like-minded individuals who are striving to make a difference in our communities, in the U.S. and in Israel through community service, advocacy, education, and social programming.


text:
Viral genotype-specific role of PNPLA3, PPARG, MTTP, and IL28B in hepatitis C virus-associated steatosis
Cai, Tao and Dufour, Jean-François and Muellhaupt, Beat and Gerlach, Tilman and Heim, Markus and Moradpour, Darius and Cerny, Andreas and Malinverni, Raffaele and Kaddai, Vincent and Bochud, Murielle and Negro, Francesco and Bochud, Pierre-Yves and Swiss Hepatitis C. Cohort Study Group, . (2011) Viral genotype-specific role of PNPLA3, PPARG, MTTP, and IL28B in hepatitis C virus-associated steatosis. Journal of hepatology, Vol. 55, H. 3. pp. 529-535.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Steatosis is a prominent feature of hepatitis C, especially in patients infected with genotype 3. The analysis of genetic polymorphisms influencing steatosis in chronic hepatitis C has been limited by the studies' small sample size, and important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), such as those in the patatin-like phospholipase family 3 protein (PNPLA3), were never evaluated. METHODS: We analyzed the role of SNPs, from 19 systematically selected candidate genes, on steatosis in 626 Caucasian hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients. SNPs were extracted from a genome-wide association-generated dataset. Associations of alleles with the presence and/or different severity of steatosis were evaluated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, accounting for all relevant covariates. RESULTS: The risk of steatosis was increased by carriage of I148M in PNPLA3, but only in patients with HCV genotypes non-3 (odds ratio [OR]=1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.6-2.3, p>0.001) and similar, albeit weaker associations were found for SNPs in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG) and interleukin-28B (IL28B). Carriage of a SNP in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) increased the risk of steatosis, but only in patients with HCV genotype 3 (rs1800803, OR=3.4, 95% CI=2.4-4.9, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The rs738409 SNP in PNPLA3 is associated with an increased risk of steatosis in patients infected with HCV genotypes non-3. Host genes affect steatosis depending on the infecting HCV genotype, suggesting their interaction with viral factors.
03 Faculty of Medicine > Departement Biomedizin > Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel > Hepatology Laboratory (Heim)
Heim, Markus H.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.12.020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Mainly used for cutting various ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal. The structure of the machine tool is reasonable with stable and reliable performance and high precision. It is ideal equipment for material sizing of medium /big lot .


text:
POGO Joins Letter Objecting to Interior's Proposed FOIA Rule
By POGO Staff | Filed under letter | January 29, 2019
Via Federal eRulemaking Portal
Department of the Interior
1849 C Street, NW
Re: Comments in Response to Proposed Rule Regarding Freedom of Information Act Requests—Docket No. DOI-2018-0017, RIN 1093-AA26
The undersigned, a group of non-profit organizations dedicated to promoting transparency and accountability in government, submit the following comments in response to the Department of Interior's ("Interior") proposed rule revising the agency's Freedom of Information Act ("FOIA") regulations, 83 Fed. Reg. 67,175 (published Dec. 28, 2018) (the "Proposed Rule").
Interior is entrusted with the critical mission of conserving and managing the nation's public lands, natural resources, and cultural heritage, for the benefit and enjoyment of the American people. Under the Trump Administration, however, Interior has taken aggressive action directly at odds with its mission, including opening public lands to drilling and mining, repealing key environmental regulations, and taking other measures that appear calculated to benefit the energy industry rather than the public good. The agency has also been rife with ethics scandals. Indeed, in his short two-year tenure as Interior Secretary, Ryan Zinke amassed no fewer than 18 federal investigations into his conduct—investigations that ultimately led to his resignation.
Against this backdrop, it should come as no surprise that Interior has experienced an uptick in FOIA requests and litigation over the past two years. The Proposed Rule cites this increase as grounds for revising Interior's FOIA regulations, claiming that the "changes are necessary to best serve our customers and comply with the FOIA as efficiently, equitably, and completely as possible."1
It is troubling that Interior's apparent solution for handling the recent influx of FOIA requests is not to reallocate agency resources to ensure that it can better fulfill its statutory obligations, but rather to change its FOIA rules to make it harder for the public to obtain records. Setting aside the policy implications of this approach, some of the Proposed Rule's provisions are plainly in tension with FOIA—specifically the proposed revisions regarding how FOIA requesters must describe the records sought, the changes to the agency's fee waiver rules, and the authorization of monthly processing limits. Given the "basic tenet that 'regulations, in order to be valid, must be consistent with the statute under which they are promulgated,"2 the undersigned organizations urge Interior to omit these proposed revisions from the final rule.
Commenters' Interests in the Rulemaking
Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington ("CREW") is a non-profit, non-partisan organization organized under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. CREW is committed to protecting the rights of citizens to be informed about the activities of government officials and agencies, and to ensuring the integrity of government officials and agencies. CREW seeks to empower citizens to have an influential voice in government decisions and in the government decision-making process through the dissemination of information about public officials and their actions. To advance its mission, CREW uses a combination of research, litigation, and advocacy. As part of its research efforts, CREW routinely submits FOIA requests to agencies, including Interior, and relies on records obtained through those requests in disseminating information to the public.
Demand Progress Education Fund is a fiscally-sponsored project of New Venture Fund, a 501(c)(3) charitable organization. Along with its two million members, Demand Progress Education Fund seeks to protect the democratic character of the internet—and wield it to make government accountable and contest concentrated corporate power. Public access to information is a fundamental aspect of making sure the government works properly, and Demand Progress Education Fund believes the Proposed Rule undermines that basic right.
Founded in 1977, Government Accountability Project is a nonprofit and nonpartisan advocacy organization based in Washington, D.C. Government Accountability Project is the nation's leading whistleblower protection organization. Through litigating whistleblower cases, publicizing concerns and developing legal reforms, they advance their mission to protect the public interest by promoting government and corporate accountability. FOIA requests are fundamental to the organization's work ensuring transparency and exposing government wrongdoing. Government Accountability Project currently has well over 300 pending requests that they are actively pursuing through administrative appeals or active litigation.
Government Information Watch is focused on open and accountable government. Its mission is to monitor access to information about government policy, process, and practice and to ensure and preserve open, accountable government through advocacy.
National Security Archive is an independent non-governmental research institute and library. The Archive was established in 1985 to promote research and public education about the U.S. governmental and national security decision-making process. It collects, analyzes, and publishes documents acquired through FOIA in order to promote and encourage openness and government accountability.
Open the Government ("OTG") is an inclusive, nonpartisan coalition that works to strengthen our democracy and empower the public by advancing policies that create a more open, accountable, and responsive government. As the coordinating hub of a coalition of more than 100 public interest organizations, OTG leads efforts to pass critically needed reforms to the FOIA, and defends against efforts to weaken and violate the law. OTG works with coalition members to file FOIA requests for records on government decision-making, and believes that ensuring public access to information is essential to hold our public officials accountable at all levels of government.
The Project On Government Oversight ("POGO") is a nonpartisan independent watchdog that investigates and exposes waste, corruption, abuse of power, and when the government fails to serve the public or silences those who report wrongdoing. Founded in 1981, POGO champions reforms to achieve a more effective, ethical, and accountable federal government that safeguards constitutional principles. POGO has a longstanding interest in FOIA and the proactive disclosure of government records.
The Proposed Rule's New Requirements Concerning the Content and Scope of FOIA Requests Do Not Comport With the Statute
Interior's proposed revisions to § 2.5 of the agency's FOIA regulations—which addresses how FOIA requesters must describe the records they seek—are incompatible with the statute in several respects and thus should not be adopted.
FOIA provides that every government agency, "upon any request for records which (i) reasonably describes such records and (ii) is made in accordance with published rules stating the time, place, fees (if any), and procedures to be followed, shall make the records promptly available to any person."3 The statute "was enacted to facilitate public access to Government documents" and "was designed to 'pierce the veil of administrative secrecy and to open agency action to the light of public scrutiny.'"4 To achieve its "goal of broad disclosure," Congress sought "to insulate its product from judicial tampering and to preserve the emphasis on disclosure by admonishing that the 'availability of records to the public' is not limited, 'except as specifically stated.'"5
A request satisfies the "reasonably describes" requirement of § 552(a)(3)(a) "'if it enable[s] a professional employee of the agency who [i]s familiar with the subject area of the request to locate the record with a reasonable amount of effort.'"6 "The linchpin inquiry is whether the agency is able to determine 'precisely what records (are) being requested.'"7 Of particular pertinence here, "the number of records requested appears to be irrelevant to the determination whether they have been 'reasonably described.'"8 Indeed, "the Act puts no restrictions on the quantity of records that may be sought" and instead "anticipates that requests for records may be so voluminous as to require an agency to carry an unusual workload."9
In specific and limited circumstances, an agency may avoid complying with a FOIA request where it shows that the request would require an "unreasonably burdensome search." But the agency's "burden of demonstrating overbreadth is substantial."10 "Courts typically demand 'a detailed explanation by the agency regarding the time and expense of a proposed search in order to assess its reasonableness.'"11
Changes to § 2.5(a). In the Proposed Rule, Interior proposes revising § 2.5(a) of its FOIA regulations by adding the bolded language:
§2.5 How should you describe the records you seek?
(a) You must reasonably describe the records sought. A reasonable description contains sufficient detail to enable bureau personnel familiar with the subject matter of the request to locate the records with a reasonable amount of effort and identify the discrete, identifiable agency activity, operation, or program in which you are interested.12
The problem with this language is that neither FOIA nor the case law requires requesters "to identify the discrete, identifiable agency activity, operation, or program in which [they] are interested." Rather, a FOIA request satisfies the statute's "reasonably describes" requirement so long as it "enable[s] a professional employee of the agency who [i]s familiar with the subject area of the request to locate the record with a reasonable amount of effort.'"13 By seeking to impose the extra-statutory requirement that requesters identify the "discrete" agency actions in which they are interested, the Proposed Rule runs afoul of the well-established FOIA principle that the "'availability of records to the public' is not limited, 'except as specifically stated'" in the statute.14 An agency may not unilaterally impose additional substantive criteria governing FOIA requests that are not enumerated in the statute.
FOIA's legislative history reinforces that the "reasonably describes" requirement should be liberally construed in favor of requesters. Congress added the phrase "requests for records which . . . reasonably describes such records" in 1974, in place of the phrase "request for identifiable records."15 The Senate Judiciary Committee Report accompanying this amendment explained that "the identification standard in the FOIA should not be used to obstruct public access to agency records" and the amendment "makes explicit the liberal standard for identification that Congress intended."16 Far from reflecting a liberal construction, § 2.5(a) of the Proposed Rule creates additional hurdles for FOIA requesters that have no basis in the statute or case law.
If adopted, Interior's proposed standard would potentially preclude a variety of legitimate, garden variety FOIA requests. To take one example, it would seemingly preclude a request that seeks agency records mentioning the requester by name from a specific component of an agency within a narrow date range, but does not specify any "discrete, identifiable agency activity, operation, or program." Although such a request would describe the records sought with particularity and not necessitate an unreasonably broad search, it could be deemed facially invalid under Interior's proposed standard. This result cannot be squared with FOIA.
Changes to § 2.5(d). Equally flawed are Interior's proposed revisions to § 2.5(d), which provide as follows:
(d) You must describe the records you seek sufficiently to enable a professional employee familiar with the subject to locate the documents with a reasonable effort. Extremely broad or vague requests or requests requiring research do not satisfy this requirement. The bureau will not honor a request that requires an unreasonably burdensome search or requires the bureau to locate, review, redact, or arrange for inspection of a vast quantity of material.17
There is no legal basis for an agency to "not honor a request" solely because it would require the agency "to locate, review, redact, or arrange for inspection of a vast quantity of material." To the contrary, as noted above, FOIA "puts no restrictions on the quantity of records that may be sought" and instead "anticipates that requests for records may be so voluminous as to require an agency to carry an unusual workload."18 Thus, "[t]he sheer size or burdensomeness of a FOIA request, in and of itself, does not entitle an agency to deny that request on the ground that it does not 'reasonably describe' records within the meaning of 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(3)(A)."19
Proposed § 2.5(d) appears to be based on a misreading of American Federation of Government Employees ("AFGE") v. U.S. Department of Commerce, 907 F.2d 203 (D.C. Cir. 1990). There, the requests would have required the agency to locate "every chronological office file and correspondent file, internal and external, for every branch office, [and] staff office."20 The D.C. Circuit held that the requests were "so broad as to impose an unreasonable burden upon the agency" because "[t]hey would require the agency to locate, review, redact, and arrange for inspection a vast quantity of material," and this was "largely unnecessary to the [requesters'] purpose."21 The court thus did not establish a categorical rule that a request may be deemed facially invalid simply because it seeks a vast amount of records. Rather, it recognized that a request may pose an unreasonable burden where it indiscriminately seeks a vast amount of records that are unnecessary to fulfill the purposes of the request. The sheer volume of the requested records was not, by itself, the dispositive factor.22
In addition to being legally unsupported, § 2.5(d)'s "vast quantity of material" standard is so open ended that it invites abuse. The Proposed Rule does not define "vast quantity of material" or provide any criteria for making that determination. It instead appears to give agency officials carte blanche to deny requests they subjectively deem excessive. That is flatly inconsistent with FOIA's goals of "broad disclosure," and of "curb[ing] th[e] apparently unbridled discretion'" that agency officials had under FOIA's predecessor statute.23
Because the proposed revisions to § 2.5 described above are incompatible with FOIA, they should not be adopted in the final rule.
The Proposed Rule's Revisions to Interior's Fee Waiver Regulations Are Problematic
FOIA provides that fees should be waived or reduced "if disclosure of the information is in the public interest because it is likely to contribute significantly to public understanding of the operations or activities of the government and is not primarily in the commercial interest of the requester."24 Congress intended that this provision "be 'liberally construed in favorof waiver for noncommercial requesters.'"25
The Proposed Rule includes several changes to Interior's fee waiver regulations, the most problematic of which is the proposed deletion of § 2.45(f), which provides that "[t]he bureau must not make value judgments about whether the information at issue is 'important' enough to be made public; it is not the bureau's role to attempt to determine the level of public interest in requested information."26 The Proposed Rule does not explain the reasoning for this change, nor does it propose replacing the provision with any comparable language.
This proposal has troubling implications. The language that Interior suggests deleting closely tracks longstanding Department of Justice policy established over 30 years ago, which instructs agencies that the "public interest" determination "must be an objective one; agencies are not permitted to make separate value judgments as to whether any information that would in fact contribute significantly to public understanding of government operations or activities is 'important' enough to be made public."27 By removing this provision, Interior appears to be inviting agency officials to inject their own subjective views about what information is "important" enough to warrant a fee waiver. This is precisely the sort of discretionary and arbitrary decision-making that FOIA is designed to prevent. It also increases the risk that the agency's public interest determinations will be skewed by its overarching political agenda, which is plainly improper. Given these concerns, Interior should leave § 2.45(f) untouched in the final rule.
The Proposed Rule's Allowance of Monthly Processing Limits is Not Authorized by FOIA
Equally concerning is the following language that Interior proposes adding to § 2.14:
The bureau may impose a monthly limit for processing records in response to your request in order to treat FOIA requesters equitably by responding to a greater number of FOIA requests each month.28
Nothing in FOIA authorizes an agency to unilaterally impose a monthly limit on processing records in response to a FOIA request. The statute instead requires agencies to make requested records "promptly available."29 As the D.C. Circuit has explained,
FOIA requires that the agency make the records "promptly available," which depending on the circumstances typically would mean within days or a few weeks of a "determination," not months or years. 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(3)(A), (a)(6)(C)(i). So, within 20 working days (or 30 working days in "unusual circumstances"), an agency must process a FOIA request and make a "determination." At that point, the agency may still need some additional time to physically redact, duplicate, or assemble for production the documents that it has already gathered and decided to produce. The agency must do so and then produce the records "promptly."30
Thus, while FOIA contemplates that agencies may require time to "redact, duplicate, and assemble" responsive records for production, it does not allow agencies to impose monthly processing limits. The Proposed Rule therefore confers authority on Interior that the statute does not provide.
The proposed standard is also ill-defined. It includes no criteria for how monthly limits would be implemented, or what would trigger the imposition of such limits. As with the other proposed changes described above, this could lead to arbitrary or politically skewed decision-making with respect to how Interior prioritizes pending FOIA requests.
Congress is fully aware of the burdens FOIA requests can impose on agencies. Yet, through its repeated amendments to the statute, it has maintained strict and explicit deadlines. "If the Executive Branch does not like it or disagrees with Congress's judgment, it may so inform Congress and seek new legislation."31 Accordingly, the proposed addition to § 2.14 should not be adopted in the final rule.
The Proposed Rule is Out of Step with Congress's Most Recent FOIA Amendments
The Proposed Rule is also at odds with the intent underlying Congress's most recent amendments to FOIA, the FOIA Improvement Act of 2016.32 These amendments were designed to increase public access to agency records—an intent reflected in the provisions establishing a "presumption of openness," whereby information may only be withheld if it harms an interest protected by a statutory exemption or if disclosure is prohibited by law;33 as well as the provisions requiring greater proactive disclosure by agencies.34 The Act thus reaffirmed the broad goal of disclosure that FOIA has long embodied. Since the Proposed Rule includes provisions expressly limiting public access to agency records, it is firmly out of step with Congress's intent
Because the provisions of the Proposed Rule discussed above are in tension—and in some cases, incompatible—with FOIA's text, purpose, and case law, they should not be included in the final rule.
Thank you for considering these comments. If you have any questions or require additional informational, please contact Nikhel Sus of CREW at [email protected] or 202-408-5565.
Demand Progress Education Fund
Government Information Watch
Open the Government
POGO Staff
Transparency Governance Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Department of the Interior (DOI) Regulations and Rulemaking Accountability
83 Fed. Reg. at 67,176. 2
Decker v. Nw. Envtl. Def. Ctr., 568 U.S. 597, 609 (2013). 3
5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(3)(A). 4
CREW v. DOJ, 746 F.3d 1082, 1088 (D.C. Cir. 2014). 5
DOJ v. Tax Analysts, 492 U.S. 136, 150 (1989) (emphasis added). 6
Tereshchuk v. Bureau of Prisons, 67 F. Supp. 3d 441, 454 (D.D.C. 2014), aff''d, 2015 WL 4072055 (D.C. Cir. June 29, 2015). 7
Yeager v. DEA, 678 F.2d 315, 326 (D.C. Cir. 1982). 8
Id. (holding that request to search over a million records "reasonably described" the records sought, since the agency "knew 'precisely' which of its records had been requested and the nature of the information sought from those records"). 9
Tereshchuk, 67 F. Supp. 3d at 455; accord Shapiro v. CIA, 170 F. Supp. 3d 147, 155 (D.D.C. 2016); ACLU v. DOJ, 2014 WL 4954121, at *8 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 30, 2014). 10
Tereshchuk, 67 F. Supp. 3d at 455. 11
Shapiro, 170 F. Supp. 3d at 155 12
83 Fed. Reg. at 67,177. 13
Tax Analysts, 492 U.S. at 150 (emphasis added). 15
Pub. L. No. 93-502, § 1(b)(1), 88 Stat. 1561, 1561 (1974). 16
S. Rep. No. 93-854, at 10 (1974); see also Nat'l Sec. Counselors v. CIA, 898 F. Supp. 2d 233, 274 (D.D.C. 2012) (discussing legislative history). 17
83 Fed. Reg. at 67,177 (emphasis added). 18
Tereshchuk, 67 F. Supp. 3d at 455; see also Yeager, 678 F.2d at 326; Shapiro, 170 F. Supp. 3d at 155; ACLU, 2014 WL 4954121, at *8. 19
AFGE, 907 F.2d at 208. 21
Id. 22
See Nat'l Ass'n of Criminal Def. Lawyers v. Chicago Police Dep't, 924 N.E.2d 564, 577 (Ill. Ct. App. 2010) (summarizing AFGE's holding as follows: "A request that is overly broad and requires the public body to locate, review, redact and arrange for inspection a vast quantity of material that is largely unnecessary to the [requester's] purpose constitutes an undue burden.") (emphasis added). 23
Tax Analysts, 492 U.S. at 150-51. 24
5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(A)(iii). 25
Judicial Watch, Inc. v. Rossotti, 326 F.3d 1309, 1312 (D.C. Cir. 2003). 26
U.S. Dep't of Justice, FOIA Guide, Fee Waivers, at 36 & n.149 (updated Aug. 23, 2013), available at https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/oip/legacy/2014/07/23/fees-feewaivers.pdf#p22 (citing, among others, U.S. Dep't of Justice, FOIA Update: New Fee Waiver Policy Guidance, Vol. VIII, No. 1, at 8 (Jan. 1, 1987), available at https://www.justice.gov/oip/blog/foia-update-new-fee-waiver-policy-guidance)). 28
5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(3)(A), (a)(6)(C)(i). 30
CREW v. FEC, 711 F.3d 180, 188-89 (D.C. Cir. 2013). 31
Id. at 190. 32
See Pub. L. No. 114-185, 130 Stat. 538 (2016). 33
See 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(8)(A). 34
See 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(2)(D).


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These outdoors activities are available near Best Western Cajon Pass.


uefa.com speaks to journalist György Szöllősi about his biography of Ferenc Puskás, which tells the partly hidden story of this most famous of players.
It is a tribute to the impact that Ferenc Puskás had in his career that any football fan should know at least one thing about him.
Maybe his role in the great Hungary team of the early 1950s that won Olympic gold, twice crushed England and reached the FIFA World Cup final, the man himself scoring a record 84 international goals; or his performances for the peerless Real Madrid CF team later that decade; or even the much-publicised auction of some of his personal archive.
However, those are only small parts of the incredible tale of the 'Galloping Major', and one that local journalist György Szöllősi was determined to tell. In his recently published book "Puskás", Szöllősi not only recounts his on-pitch successes, but also something of the man himself, not least his heart-breaking 25-year exile after the Soviet Union invaded Hungary in 1956.
"Puskás would speak about his homeland almost with tears in his eyes, so it was very hard for the public to understand why he only came back in 1981," Szöllősi said. "Puskás was afraid of the life sentence that was the 'reward' for deserting soldiers."
Now requiring 24-hour medical attention for Alzheimer's disease, Puskás is finally receiving requisite recognition in Hungary. He is one of ten 'Sportsmen of the Nation', entitling him to a pension of around €2,200 a month. His family also receive contributions from Real Madrid, who played in a recent testimonial in Budapest.
"Wherever I went during the preparation of the book, everyone who knew him told me that Puskás was one of the nicest men they had ever met," Szöllősi said. "Hardly anyone saluted him as a player initially. It quite surprised me. As his former Real Madrid strike partner Alfredo Di Stéfano said 'he deserved ten out of ten as a player, and a man' ."
The author, born a full 50 years after Puskás in 1977, has been delving into the hidden side of Hungary's greatest football era for more than a decade. For this book he has conducted more than 100 interviews, speaking to the Madrid president, many of Puskás's former team-mates and even his translator during his spell as Panathinaikos FC coach, when they reached the 1971 European Champion Clubs' Cup final, a unique achievement for Greece.
Puskás, Szöllősi states, is the model for all Hungarian footballers. "Every youngster who starts to play football wants to be the most skilful player," Szöllősi said. "However, at the same time they want to be the boss on the pitch with the best sense of humour. The reason for this is Puskás's character which sets an example and lives in the minds of Hungarians."
There are many light-hearted anecdotes in the book, from his early fame at Kispest Honvéd FC, where at the age of 13 fans built a small step over the training ground fence near his home so Puskás did not have to walk round to the main gate, to his first postcard home from the Bernabéu that read: "Greetings from the new workshop."
But another side of Puskás's life has remained hidden in Hungary. He was in Spain with Honvéd when the Soviet Union cracked down on the liberalising Hungarian leadership. Puskás, along with several team-mates, defected and drifted for two years before a 1958 move to Madrid, where he was to win three European Cups and even be capped for Spain.
At home, though, the government-controlled media portrayed the former hero as a fat, drunken smuggler, and many in Hungary were indeed angry at the 'deserter'. However, he did not counter the propaganda. Szöllősi said: " He did not want to react from abroad, as he was afraid of the punishment that could have awaited his relatives who had stayed in Hungary."
Oddly, his exile did invigorate his career. "Before 1956 in Hungary, he was the boss on and off the pitch, playing cards, drinking alcohol quite a lot and playing jokes. After emigration, he had to become a real professional. In a way, the bloody 1956 revolution, which is a very sad issue in Hungarian history, was good fortune for Puskás the player."
But only with the fall of Communism could his name be fully cleared. Szöllősi said: "After the political changes, we could feel a renaissance of the Magical Magyars. The reason why we came out with this book is to give the country back a real hero that was torn away by the political storms." This is doubtless why Erzsébet [his wife] told the press: "My husband wanted György to write this book about Puskás's real life."
Puskás by György Szöllősi is published by Ringier Publishing Ltd. in association with Nemzeti Sport. Price 7900 Florins (around €32). For more information contact Ella Bús, email: ella.bus@ringier.hu. tel.: +36 1 460 4815. Currently in Hungarian only.


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