text:
\section{Introduction}

The mechanism of indirect spin interaction of nuclei\cite{RK} or magnetic impurities\cite{K,Y} mediated by conduction electrons
has already been found in the 1950s and has been dubbed the Rudermann-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) mechanism.
The corresponding effective Hamiltonian that describes the induced spin interaction of two magnetic impurities
is given by
\begin{equation}
\mathscr{H}_{\alpha\beta}^{\text{RKKY}}=-G^2 \sum_{i,j} S^{(\alpha)}_{i} S^{(\beta)}_{j} \chi_{ij}
({\vek{R}_\alpha,\vek{R}_\beta})~,
\label{eq:RKKYHam}
\end{equation}
where $S_{i}^{(\alpha)}$ denotes the $i$th Cartesian component of an impurity spin located at
position $\vek{R}_\alpha$, and $G$ is the exchange constant for the contact interaction
between the spin density of delocalized charge carriers with the impurity spins.
In Eq.~(\ref{eq:RKKYHam}), $\chi_{ij}({\vek{R}_\alpha,\vek{R}_\beta})$ is the spin
susceptibility which governs the form and range of the RKKY interaction and is determined
by quantities of the carrier system.
In the cases of an electron gas in three and two dimensions\cite{FischerKlein,Korenblit} the spin susceptibilities have a rather simple functional form with respect to the
distance $R$ between two impurities, given as
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:RKKYfunc}
    \chi(R) \sim \begin{cases}
               \frac{1}{R^3}\left[\frac{\sin(2k_FR)}{2k_FR}-\cos(2k_FR)\right]             &(\text{3D})\\[3mm]
               J_0(k_FR)~Y_0(k_FR)+  J_1(k_FR)~Y_1(k_FR)     & (\text{2D})\\[2mm]
           \end{cases}
\end{equation}
Here $k_F$ is the Fermi wave vector and $J_n(\cdot)$ and $Y_n(\cdot)$ are Bessel functions of the first and second kind, respectively.
It follows from (\ref{eq:RKKYfunc}) that the associated Friedel oscillations
decay as $R^{-3}$ and $R^{-2}$ for a 3D and 2D electron gas (2DEG), respectively.

Ever since its discovery, the RKKY mechanism has been studied for a large variety of systems as
it allows one not only to determine the spin orientation of two isolated impurities but still more importantly to obtain valuable
information about the magnetic properties of a macroscopic system.
For the case of a 2DEG recent calculations have considered the influence of electron-electron interaction\cite{Simon},
Rashba\cite{Imamura,Huang,Lyu,Lai} spin-orbit coupling with Dresselhaus\cite{Mross,LossRKKY} spin-orbit coupling, and a
combination of electron-electron interaction and spin-orbit couplings\cite{Zak1,Zak2}.
For graphene it was noticed\cite{Brey1,Sherafati} that Friedel oscillations decay as $R^{-2}$ for the doped case and like $R^{-3}$ in the undoped case.

In the case of dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) it has been demonstrated \cite{Matsukura} that the experimentally found
ferromagnetic order and transition temperatures can be ascribed to the RKKY mechanism.
In this case, however, it is not mediated by conduction electrons but by valence holes.
Subsequent theoretical studies\cite{Zarand,Priour2,Brey,Fiete,Timm} have considered various effects that can account for
the observed magnitude of magnetization (for a recent review see Ref.~\onlinecite{Jungwirth}).
Also for two-dimensional DMS it has been suggested \cite{Haury,Dietl,Priour,Kechrakos,Melko,Meilikhov} that
the RKKY mechanism accounts for observed phenomena.
The RKKY interaction in such two-dimensional hole systems is often modeled in the same fashion as in the case
of electrons (\ref{eq:RKKYfunc}), assuming a one-band effective mass approximation.
Such assumptions, however, neglects the non-parabolic character\cite{Rashba} of hole dispersion bands and is therefore not always warranted.

Also taking into account the subtle effects due to non-parapolicity by means of a numerical subband k-dot-p theory\cite{Broido}
calculation for a hole system based on GaAs, it has been shown\cite{KGZ} that the spin susceptibility tensor
exhibits strong anisotropy with the variation of the carrier density.
In particular, it has been pointed out that easy-plane entries of the spin susceptibility tensor can dominate over
the easy-axis component. This feature was attributed to the effect of heavy hole (HH) light hole (LH) mixing
which increases when the density of the hole gas is increased.

In the present paper, we provide further insight into the mechanism of HH-LH mixing and its influence on the RKKY range function,
where we give analytical results for the spin susceptibility tensor. This is advantageous as it allows us to retain
the explicit dependence on relevant band structure parameters. We base this calculation on an effective Luttinger model\cite{Pala,Bernevig,hole2DLind,Dollinger},
and demonstrate that the anisotropy of the spin susceptibility tensor entries
is intimately connected to the HH-LH mixed character of the hole states.
Such an analytic result for the spin susceptibility tensor of two-dimensional hole gases is still missing in the literature
and deviates from the simple form of an equivalent electron system, Eq.~(\ref{eq:RKKYfunc}).

In Section \ref{sec:model}, we give a short account of the effective Luttinger model and define the relevant band structure parameters.
In Section \ref{sec:spinsuscep}, we outline the calculation of the spin susceptibility tensor.
Numerical results are presented in Section \ref{sec:numerics}.
Section \ref{sec:sum} contains a short summary.

\section{Model\label{sec:model}}

In order to calculate the RKKY interaction mediated by 2D holes
our starting point will be the 4$\times$4 Luttinger model~\cite{Luttinger} as it
provides a useful description of the upper-most valence band of typical semiconductors in situations where its couplings to the
conduction band and split-off valence band can be neglected.
We adopt the Luttinger model in axial approximation, where we neglect anisotropic terms which are usually small:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:HL}
&&\mathscr{H}_L =\mathscr{H}_0 + \mathscr{H}_1 + \mathscr{H}_2, \\[2mm]
&&\mathscr{H}_0 = -\frac{\hbar^2}{2m_0} \left[ \gamma_1 \left({\bf k}_\parallel^2 + k_z^2
\right) + \tilde\gamma_1 \left({\bf k}_\parallel^2 - 2 k_z^2 \right) \left(\hat J_z^2
-\frac{5}{4}\openone \right) \right], \nonumber \\ \\
&&\hskip-2mm\mathscr{H}_1 = \frac{\hbar^2}{m_0} \sqrt{2} \tilde\gamma_2 \left( \{ k_z , k_+ \}
\{\hat J_z , \hat J_- \} + \{ k_z , k_- \} \{\hat J_z , \hat J_+ \} \right), \nonumber \\ \\
&&\mathscr{H}_2 = \frac{\hbar^2}{2 m_0} \tilde\gamma_3 \left( k_+^2 \hat J_-^2 +
k_-^2 \hat J_+^2 \right).
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
Cartesian components of the spin-3/2 matrix vector are denoted by $\hat J_{x,y,z}$,
and we use the abbreviations $k_\pm = k_x \pm i k_y$, $\hat J_\pm = (\hat J_x
\pm i \hat J_y) / \sqrt{2}$, and $\{ A, B\} = (A B + B A)/2$. The constants
$\gamma_1$ and $\tilde\gamma_j$ are materials-dependent bandstructure
parameters~\cite{Vurgaftman}, where $\tilde\gamma_j$ depend also on the
quantum-well growth direction and their explicit expressions in terms of the standard
Luttinger parameters~\cite{Luttinger,Vurgaftman} $\gamma_2$ and $\gamma_3$
can be found, e.g., in Table~C.10 of Ref.~\onlinecite{RolandBook}.

A potential $V(z)$ along the $z$-direction models the confinement of holes to a 2D quantum well.
In the following, we assume the potential $V(z)$ to
be a hard-wall confinement with width $d$.
An effective Hamiltonian that describes the lowest size-quantized
orbital bound state approximately is then
obtained from (\ref{eq:HL}) by replacing $k_z \to \langle k_z \rangle = 0$ and $k_z^2
\to \langle k_z^2 \rangle = (\pi/d)^2$\cite{Pala,Bernevig,hole2DLind,Dollinger}.
In such a way, we neglect HH-LH mixing among different orbital subbands.
In order to absorb the width dependence of our results into prefactors, we
introduce the energy scale $E_0 =- \pi^2
\hbar^2 \gamma_1 / (2 m_0 d^2)$ and define wave vector components in units of $\pi/d$.
Throughout this paper we will work with dimensionless wave vectors and dimensionless
energies and include factors of $\pi/d$ and $E_0$ in the calculation where it is appropriate.
The (dimensionless) effective Hamiltonian is then given by
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:Luttinger2D}
&&\mathscr{H}^{{\rm 2D}}_L({\bf k}_\parallel)=E_0\left\{
\openone-2\bar{\gamma}\left(\hat{J}_z^2-\frac{5}{4}\openone\right)
\right.\nonumber\\
&&{}\left.
+\left[\openone+\bar{\gamma}\left(\hat{J}_z^2-\frac{5}{4}\openone\right)\right]{\bf k}_\parallel^2
-\alpha\bar{\gamma}\left(k_+^2 \hat{J}_-^2+k_-^2\hat{J}_+^2\right)
\right\}~,\nonumber\\
\end{eqnarray}
where we define the parameters $\bar\gamma \equiv \tilde\gamma_1/\gamma_1$ and
$\alpha \equiv \tilde\gamma_3/\tilde\gamma_1$ to discuss the effects of HH-LH splitting and HH-LH mixing
separately. Note that for ${\bf k}_\parallel=0$, the Hamiltonian (\ref{eq:Luttinger2D}) commutes with $\hat{J}_z$ which
has eigenvalues $\pm 3/2$ (HH) and $\pm 1/2$ (LH).
Their corresponding energies are split up which is described by the parameter $\bar\gamma$.
For ${\bf k}_\parallel\neq 0$ (and $\alpha\neq0$), on the other hand, the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian
are not simultaneously eigenstates of $\hat{J}_z$, with $\alpha$ describing the effect of HH-LH mixing.

\section{Spin susceptibility tensor\label{sec:spinsuscep}}

In the following we will calculate the spin susceptibility tensor for a 2D hole gas.
The analytical expression for the spin susceptibility tensor in linear response theory and
for finite temperature is conveniently given in terms of Matsubara Green's functions of the holes and reads\cite{Zyuzin}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:Matsub}
\chi_{ij}({\bf R})=
k_{\text B}T\sum_n \text{Tr}\{\hat{J}_i G_{\omega_n}({\bf R}) \hat{J}_j G_{\omega_n}(-{\bf R})\}~,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\omega_n=(2n+1)\pi k_{\text B} T$ are the Matsubara frequencies.
In the following we will consider the case of zero temperature for which
the result of the spin susceptibility tensor is straightforwardly obtained from Eq.~(\ref{eq:Matsub})
by making in the Green's functions the replacements $i\omega_n\to \omega +i\delta \text{sgn}(\omega)$
to obtain the retarded and advanced Green's functions for zero temperature\cite{Litvinov}.
Furthermore, we have to replace the sum by an integral according to $k_{\text B} T \sum_n\to \frac{1}{2\pi i}\int_{\Gamma_1}{\text d}\omega$,
with the contour of the integration given by $\Gamma_1=(-\infty-i\delta,-i\delta) \cup (i\delta,\infty+i\delta)$.
The Green's function in real space is calculated by a Fourier transformation of the Green's function
in momentum space, where the latter is given by
\begin{align}\label{eq:GreensfuncMom}
G_{\omega}({\bf k}_\parallel)=\frac{1}{E_0}\biggl[\bar{\omega}+\varepsilon_F-\mathscr{H}^{{\rm 2D}}_L({\bf k}_\parallel)/E_0\biggr]^{-1}~.
\end{align}
Here we use the abbreviation $\bar{\omega}\equiv\omega+i\delta {\rm sgn}(\omega)$, $\varepsilon_{F}$ is the Fermi energy,
and again we use dimensionless quantities as $\varepsilon_F\to E_0\varepsilon_F$ and $\bar\omega\to E_0\bar\omega$.

From Eq.~(\ref{eq:GreensfuncMom}) we obtain for the Green's function in momentum space (using polar coordinates):
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:GreensfuncMom1}
\left[G_{\omega}({\bf k}_\parallel)\right]_{ij}&=&
\left[A_-(\delta_{i1}+\delta_{i4})+A_+(\delta_{i2}+\delta_{i3})\right]\delta_{ij}\nonumber\\[2mm]
&&{}+B \left[{\rm e}^{-i2\phi_k}(\hat{J}_{+}^2)_{ij}+{\rm e}^{i2\phi_k}(\hat{J}_-^2)_{ij}\right]~,
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}
A_\mp&=&\frac{1}{E_0}\frac{1+k^2\mp\bar{\gamma}(k^2-2)-(\bar{\omega}+\varepsilon_{F})}{[\bar{\gamma}^2(1+3\alpha^2)-1](k^2-k_1^2)(k^2-k_2^2)}~,\qquad\nonumber\\
B&=&\frac{1}{E_0}\frac{\alpha\bar{\gamma} k^2}{[\bar{\gamma}^2(1+3\alpha^2)-1](k^2-k_1^2)(k^2-k_2^2)}~,
\end{eqnarray}
and $\delta_{ij}$ being the Kronecker symbol.
The Green's function has poles at
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:Poles}
&&k_{1,2}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\bar{\gamma}^2(1+3\alpha^2)}}\biggl[
\bar{\omega}+\varepsilon_{F}-1-2\bar{\gamma}^2\nonumber\\
&&{}\mp\sqrt{(\bar{\omega}+\varepsilon_{F}-3)^2
+3\alpha^2[(\bar{\omega}+\varepsilon_{F}-1)^2-4\bar{\gamma}^2]}
\biggr]^{1/2},
\end{eqnarray}
which coincide with the Fermi wave vectors\cite{hole2DLind} of the two hole states for $\bar\omega=0$.
Thus, in order to obtain the Green's function in real space, we have to evaluate integrals of the form
\begin{eqnarray}
\{\mathscr{I},\mathscr{J},\mathscr{K}_\pm\}&=&\left(\frac{\pi}{d}\right)^2\frac{1}{E_0}\int_0^{2\pi}\frac{{\text d}\phi_k}{(2\pi)^2}
\int_0^{\infty}{\text d}k~k\nonumber\\[2mm]
&&{}\hskip-8mm\times\frac{\{1,k^2,k^2 {\text e}^{\pm i2\phi_k}\}~{\text e}^{i k R\cos(\phi_k-\phi_R)}}{(k^2-k^2_1)(k^2-k^2_2)}~,
\end{eqnarray}
where we use a dimensionless description also for the distance by changing $R\to (d/\pi) R$ and with
$\phi_R$ being the angle between the $x$-axis and the axis given by the two impurities.
We calculate these integrals by using the Cauchy integral theorem, where we close the contour along the upper
half-plane to obtain\cite{Dugaev}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:Integrals}
\mathscr{I}&=&\frac{i}{4}\left(\frac{\pi}{d}\right)^2\frac{1}{E_0}
\frac{H^{(1)}_0(k_1R)-
H^{(1)}_0(k_2R)}{k_1^2-k_2^2}~,\nonumber\\[2mm]
\mathscr{J}&=&-\frac{i}{4}\left(\frac{\pi}{d}\right)^2\frac{1}{E_0}
\frac{k^2_1H^{(1)}_2(k_1R)-k^2_2H^{(1)}_2(k_2R)}{k_1^2-k_2^2}~,\nonumber\\[2mm]
\mathscr{K}_\pm&=&-\mathscr{J}{\rm e}^{\pm i2\phi_R}~.
\end{eqnarray}
Here $H^{(1)}_n(\cdot)$ denote Hankel functions of the first kind.
From Eqs.~(\ref{eq:GreensfuncMom1}) and (\ref{eq:Integrals}) we find for the Green's function in real space
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:Geensfunreal}
\left[G_{\omega}({\bf R})\right]_{ij}&=&\left[\mathscr{A}_-(\delta_{i1}+\delta_{i4})+\mathscr{A}_+(\delta_{i2}+\delta_{i3})
\right]\delta_{ij}\nonumber\\[2mm]
&&{}+\mathscr{B}\left[{\rm e}^{-i2\phi_R}(\hat{J}_{+}^2)_{ij}+{\rm e}^{i2\phi_R}(\hat{J}_{-}^2)_{ij}\right],
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathscr{A}_\mp&=&\left(\frac{\pi}{d}\right)^2\frac{1}{E_0}\frac{[1\pm2\bar{\gamma}-(\bar\omega+\varepsilon_{F})]\mathscr{I}+(1\mp\bar{\gamma})\mathscr{J}}{\bar{\gamma}^2(1+3\alpha^2)-1}~,
\nonumber\\[2mm]
\mathscr{B}&=&-\left(\frac{\pi}{d}\right)^2\frac{1}{E_0}\frac{\alpha\bar{\gamma}\mathscr{J}}{\bar{\gamma}^2(1+3\alpha^2)-1}~,
\end{eqnarray}
where we have that $G_\omega(-{\bf R})=G_\omega({\bf R})$.
Performing the trace in Eq.~(\ref{eq:Matsub}) for the various non-vanishing entries of the susceptibility tensor, yields
\begin{subequations}
\begin{eqnarray}
\text{Tr}\{\hat{J}_{x} G_\omega \hat{J}_{x} G_\omega\}&=&3\mathscr{A}_
+\mathscr{A}_-+2 \mathscr{A}_+^2+9 \mathscr{B}^2
\nonumber\\
&&{}
+ 12\mathscr{A}_+\mathscr{B} \cos2\phi_R~,\label{eq:Trxx}\\[2mm]
\text{Tr}\{\hat{J}_{y} G_\omega \hat{J}_{y} G_\omega\}&=&3\mathscr{A}_
+\mathscr{A}_-+2 \mathscr{A}_+^2+9 \mathscr{B}^2
\nonumber\\
&&{}
- 12\mathscr{A}_+\mathscr{B} \cos2\phi_R~,\label{eq:Tryy}\\[2mm]
\text{Tr}\{\hat{J}_x G_\omega \hat{J}_y G_\omega\}&=&12\mathscr{A}_+
\mathscr{B} \sin2\phi_R~,\label{eq:Trxy}\\[2mm]
\text{Tr}\{\hat{J}_z G_\omega \hat{J}_z G_\omega\}&=&\frac{1}{2}\left[9\mathscr{A}_-^2
+\mathscr{A}_+^2-18 \mathscr{B}^2\right].\label{eq:Trzz}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
Due to the appearance of the last term in Eqs.~(\ref{eq:Trxx}) and (\ref{eq:Tryy}) in-plane anisotropy of the RKKY interaction
is introduced by HH-LH mixing ($\alpha\neq 0$) which is a distinctive feature of a 2D hole system as compared to
the corresponding electron system.

To obtain the final result for the spin susceptibility tensor, we still have to integrate the terms in Eqs.~(\ref{eq:Trxx})-(\ref{eq:Trzz}) over
the frequency along the contour $\Gamma_1$.
For this integration, we use the method proposed in Ref.~\onlinecite{Litvinov}.
Within our framework, Eq.~(\ref{eq:Luttinger2D}), where we assume that only the lowest HH-like subband is occupied,
we can replace the integral along the contour $\Gamma_1$ by an integral
along the two lines $\Gamma_2=(-i\delta,\omega_0-i\delta) \cup (\omega_0+i\delta,i\delta)$, with
$\omega_0=-\varepsilon_{F}+1-2\bar{\gamma}$.
Note that the two lines are below and above the branch cut in the complex frequency plane
which corresponds to the domain ($\omega_0$,$\infty$), where the real part under the square root in $k_2$ is positive.
The possibility to exchange the integration domains is a consequence of Cauchy's integral theorem which states that the integral of an
analytic function over a closed curve is zero, which means in our case
$\int_\cap+\int_{\Gamma_1}+\int_{\Gamma_2}=0$. The symbol $\cap$ denotes the curve in the upper half plane extended to infinity,
and the corresponding integral gives zero as the Hankel functions vanish in this limit.
Thus we can make the replacement $\int_{\Gamma_1}\to -\int_{\Gamma_2}$.
We then evaluate all possible products of Hankel functions in Eqs.~(\ref{eq:Trxx})-(\ref{eq:Trzz}), where we find
\begin{subequations}
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\int_{\Gamma_2}{\text d}\omega f(\omega) H_n^{(1)}(k_1 R)H_m^{(1)}(k_2 R)=\nonumber\\[2mm]
&&{}i\frac{4}{\pi} {\text e}^{-i n \pi/2}\int^{\omega_0}_{0}{\text d} \omega  f(\omega)K_n(|k_1| R)J_m(k_2 R),\label{eq:IntOmega1} \quad \\[3mm]
&&\int_{\Gamma_2}{\text d}\omega f(\omega) H_n^{(1)}(k_2 R)H_m^{(1)}(k_2 R)=\nonumber\\[2mm]
&&{}-2 i\int^{\omega_0}_{0}{\text d} \omega  f(\omega)\left[J_n(k_2 R)Y_m(k_j R)+J_m(k_2 R)Y_n(k_i R)\right],\nonumber\\ \label{eq:IntOmega2}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
for $n,m=0,2$ and $f(\omega)$ denotes an analytic function in $\omega$.
In obtaining Eq.~(\ref{eq:IntOmega2}), we have used the relation
$K_n(z)=\frac{i\pi}{2}{\text e}^{i n \pi/2} H_n^{(1)}(z {\text e}^{i\pi/2})$
for Hankel functions that have $k_1$ (which is imaginary) in their argument, where $K_n(\cdot)$ are the modified Bessel functions of the second kind.
In addition we have used the relation
$H^{(1)}_n(z {\text e}^{i\pi})=-{\text e}^{-i\pi n}H^{(2)}_n(z)$ between Hankel functions of the first and second kind
that contain $k_2$ and the definition of Hankel functions
in terms of Bessel functions. The integrated products of Hankel functions involving only $k_1$ give zero.
Using Eqs.~(\ref{eq:Trxx})-(\ref{eq:Trzz}) together with Eqs.~(\ref{eq:IntOmega1}) and (\ref{eq:IntOmega2})
we finally obtain the (semi-)analytical result for the spin susceptibility tensor.

Considering the limit of large distances, $k_{F}R\gg1$, a particular simple expression can be found for the spin susceptibility
tensor, because in this case the Bessel functions can be approximated very well by
\begin{eqnarray}
J_n(x)&\approx& \sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi x}}~\cos(x-n\pi/2-\pi/4)~,\nonumber\\
Y_n(x)&\approx& \sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi x}}~\sin(x-n\pi/2-\pi/4)~,
\end{eqnarray}
whereas $K_n(x)$ decays exponentially with the distance and can be approximated as $K_n(x)\approx 0$.
Using these approximations and setting $\phi_R=0$, the spin susceptibility tensor elements can be given by the compact expression
\begin{align}
\chi_{ii}({\bf R})=\chi_0\int_0^{\omega_0}{\text d}\omega\left[\frac{a_{ii}+b_{ii}k_2^2+c_{ii}k_2^4}{(|k_1|^2+k_2^2)^2}
\right]\frac{\cos(2k_2 R)}{k_2R},
\label{eq:simplechi}
\end{align}
with $\chi_0=2m_0\pi^2/(\hbar^2\gamma_1d^2)$ and coefficients
\begin{align}
a_{xx}&=a_{yy}=Z\left[12\bar\gamma(\omega-\omega_0)-5(\omega-\omega_0)^2\right],\nonumber\\[2mm]
b_{xx,yy}&=Z\left\{\left[10+4\bar\gamma(1\pm 3\alpha)\right](\omega-\omega_0)-12\bar\gamma(1+\bar\gamma)\right\},\nonumber\\[2mm]
c_{xx,yy}&=Z\left\{\bar{\gamma } \left[\bar{\gamma}-9 \alpha ^2 \bar{\gamma }-4\mp12 \alpha  \left(\bar{\gamma }+1\right)
\right]-5 \right\}, \nonumber \\[2mm]
a_{zz}&=Z\left[36\bar\gamma(\omega-\omega_0)-5(\omega-\omega_0)^2-72\bar\gamma^2\right],\nonumber\\[2mm]
b_{zz}&=Z\left[2(5-4\bar\gamma)(\omega-\omega_0)+36\bar\gamma(\bar\gamma-1)\right],\nonumber\\[2mm]
c_{zz}&=Z\left\{\bar{\gamma } \left[\bar{\gamma}\left(9 \alpha ^2-5\right)+8\right]-5\right\},
\end{align}
where $Z=\frac{1}{(8\pi^2)}\left[\left(3 \alpha ^2+1\right) \bar{\gamma}^2-1\right]^{-2}$ and $k_{1,2}$ are given in Eq.~(\ref{eq:Poles}) with $\bar{\omega}\to\omega$.
We note that in the limit of zero HH-LH mixing, $\alpha\to 0$, we find that the elements $\chi_{xx}({\bf R})=\chi_{yy}({\bf R})$ decay exponentially.
This can be understood from the form of the Green's function in Eq.~(\ref{eq:Geensfunreal}) and the spin susceptibility tensor
in Eqs.~(\ref{eq:Trxx})-(\ref{eq:Trzz}).
As there are only HH states mediating the RKKY interaction but no mixing with LH states, only the first term
in Eq.~(\ref{eq:Trzz}) can be non-vanishing, and every single term in the sums vanishes identically (after integration).
The spin susceptibility tensor element $\chi_{zz}({\bf R})$, on the other hand, is non-vanishing and coincides with the RKKY range function
of a 2DEG in the limit $\alpha\to 0$.

Furthermore, we note that due to the axial symmetry of the Hamiltonian, the result for the
spin susceptibility tensor for arbitrary $\phi_R$ is obtain by an orthogonality transformation of
$\chi_{ii}(R,\phi_R=0)$ with a rotation about the $z$-axis with an angle $\phi_R$.
Of course, this leaves $\chi_{zz}(\bf{R})$ invariant, and one simply has to
transform the coefficient matrices in Eq.~(\ref{eq:simplechi}), e.g., $a_{ii}\to O\cdot\text{diag}(a_{ii})\cdot O^T$ etc.

Moreover, we find that the largest in-plane components of spin suscepetibility tensor
are obtained in the case where the axis connecting two localized impurities coincide with their spin-quantization axis, i.e.,
$|\chi_{xx}|$ is largest [smallest] for $\phi_R=0$ [$\phi_R=\pi/2$], whereas for the magnitude of $\chi_{yy}$ the opposite relation holds.

\section{Numerical Results\label{sec:numerics}}

Now we turn to a numerical analysis to study the dependence of the spin susceptibility $\chi_{ij}({\bf R})$, Eq.~(\ref{eq:Matsub}), on the
Fermi energy $E_{F}$ and the band structure parameters $\bar\gamma$ and $\alpha$.
In accordance with the calculation of the spin susceptibility in the previous section, we
consider only cases where only the lowest HH-like subband is occupied.

We have checked that the result based on the analytical approach given in the present paper agrees with the numerical
method of calculating the spin susceptibility by means of eigenbasis functions of the Hamiltonian, i.e., by employing
the Lehmann representation for the Green's functions\cite{hole2DLind}.
\subsection{Spin susceptibility of GaAs}

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=7.cm]{FigFriedel1}
 \includegraphics[width=7.cm]{FigFriedel2}
  \caption{The spin susceptibility tensor entries $\chi_{ij}({\bf R})$ as a function of $k_FR$ (with $\phi_R=0$), for
  (a) $\varepsilon_F=0.9$, and (b) $\varepsilon_F=1.4$.}
  \label{fig:FriedelOsc}
\end{figure}

We start by presenting results of the RKKY range function for the case of a [001]-grown GaAs heterostructure where
the corresponding band structure parameter values are $\bar\gamma=0.31$ and
$\alpha=1.2$. In the following examples we vary the Fermi density $E_F=E_0 \varepsilon_{F}$ with
the dimensionless parameters  $\varepsilon_{F}$.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:FriedelOsc}, we show $\chi_{ij}({\bf R})$ (with $\phi_R=0$) as function of $k_FR$, for the Fermi energies
$\varepsilon_{F}=0.9$ and $\varepsilon_{F}=1.4$, respectively.
In both plots, the Friedel oscillations decay as $R^{-2}$, which is the usual result for two-dimensional systems.
By comparing Figs.~\ref{fig:FriedelOsc}(a) and (b), we see that for lower hole densities $\chi_{zz}(R)$ dominates, whereas for increased
hole density $\chi_{xx}(R)$ becomes the dominant entry of the spin susceptibility tensor.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:FriedelOsc}(b), we can also clearly see the strong in influence of the HH-LH mixing parameter $\alpha$ which
gives rise to $\chi_{xx}(R)\gg \chi_{yy}(R)$.

\subsection{Full parameter dependence of spin susceptibility}

Now we will consider scenarios where in addition to the Fermi energy the band structure parameters $\bar{\gamma}$ and $\alpha$ are varied.
Obviously most values will not correspond to actual semiconductor materials.
As we will see however, such an approach allows us to elucidate the influence of HH-LH mixing on the spin susceptibility tensor entries.
Again we discuss density ranges where only the lowest HH-like subband is occupied.
The next-to-lowest subband is either the lowest LH-like subband or the next-to-lowest HH-like subband.
Which of the two situation is realized depends on the value of the HH-LH splitting parameter $\bar{\gamma}$,
which is related to the corresponding band edge energies by $\varepsilon=1+2\bar\gamma$  and $\varepsilon=4(1-2\bar\gamma)$,
respectively. Thus we impose the following constraint on the Fermi energy:
$\varepsilon_{F}<{\rm min}\{1+2\bar\gamma,4(1-2\bar\gamma)\}$.

To study the influence of HH-LH mixing for this general case, it is convenient to define the following
HH-LH mixing angle\cite{hole2DLind}
\begin{align}
\sin\theta_{HL}=   \frac{\sqrt{3} \alpha  k_{F}^2}{\sqrt{3 \alpha ^2
   k_{F}^4+\left(\sqrt{3 \alpha ^2
   k_{F}^4+\left(k_{F}^2-2\right)^2}-k_{F}^2+2\right)^2}}~,
   \label{eq:mixing}
\end{align}
which depends only on $\alpha$ and $k_{F}$.
The Fermi wave vector $k_{F}$ depends in turn on the Fermi energy $\varepsilon_{F}$ and the
band structure parameters $\bar\gamma$ and $\alpha$, see Eq.~(\ref{eq:Poles}).
The modulus squared of $\sin\theta_{HL}$ tells us the amount of light hole character of the lowest HH-like band and is therefore
a measure for HH-LH mixing.
In order to show the $\sin^2\theta_{HL}$ dependence on the Fermi energy as well as on the parameters
$\bar\gamma$ and $\alpha$, we plot in Fig.~\ref{fig:SinTheta} $\sin^2\theta_{HL}$ as a function of $\bar\gamma$  and $\varepsilon_{F}$
for $\alpha=1.0$ (dashed lines) and $\alpha=1.2$ (solid lines).
It can be seen that $\sin^2\theta_{HL}$ is monotonically increasing with $\varepsilon_{F}$, $\bar\gamma$, and $\alpha$.

\subsubsection{Anisotropy between $\chi_{xx}$ and $\chi_{yy}$}

Now we analyze the size of in-plane anisotropy due to HH-LH mixing, where we define the following ratio
to quantify the deviation from the isotropic case:
\begin{align}
r\equiv  \frac{\chi_{xx}({\bf R})-\chi_{yy}({\bf R})}{\chi_{xx}({\bf R})+\chi_{yy}({\bf R})}~.
\label{eq:ratioaniso}
\end{align}
We then randomly generate 1000 number triples of the structure parameters within their respective ranges $\bar\gamma\in(0.2,0.4)$ and $\alpha\in (0.9,1.4)$ and the Fermi energy in the range $\varepsilon_F\in (0.9,1.5)$.
Using these number triples, we calculate $r$ and $\sin\theta_{HL}$. The result is displayed
in Fig.~\ref{fig:Ani}, where we plot $r$ (for $k_FR=10$ and $\phi_R=0$) versus $\sin^2\theta_{HL}$.
We find a clear correlation between the in-plane anisotropy and the HH-LH mixing angle, showing that $r$ is a monotonically increasing function
of $\sin^2\theta_{HL}$. The in-plane anisotropy can go up to 90\%.
We note that this result is not very sensitive to the choice for $k_F R$, provided we take values in the vicinity of a maxima of the Friedel oscillations (and $k_F R\gg1$).

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=6.cm]{Mixing}
\caption{Contours of $\sin^2\theta_{HL}$, Eq.~(\ref{eq:mixing}), in the $\bar\gamma$-$\varepsilon_{F}$ plane, for $\alpha=1.0$ (dashed lines) and $\alpha=1.2$ (solid lines).}
\label{fig:SinTheta}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=7.cm]{FigAniplane}
  \caption{The ratio $r$, Eq.~(\ref{eq:ratioaniso}), versus $\sin^2\theta_{HL}$.}
  \label{fig:Ani}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection{Anisotropy between $\chi_{xx}$ and $\chi_{zz}$}

\begin{figure}[t]
 \includegraphics[width=6.cm]{FigContour1}
  \caption{Boundaries in the $\bar\gamma$-$\varepsilon_F$ plane where $\chi_{xx}({\bf{R}})=\chi_{zz}({\bf{R}})$, for
  HH-LH mixing parameter values $\alpha=0.8,1.0,1.2,1.4$ (black lines). For the area above [below] the respective line we
  have $\chi_{xx}({\bf{R}})>\chi_{zz}({\bf{R}})$ [$\chi_{xx}({\bf{R}})<\chi_{zz}({\bf{R}})$].
  Corresponding to each value of $\alpha$ the red dashed lines are the contour lines for $\sin^2\theta_{HL}=0.35$.
  The yellow area is excluded by the condition that only the lowest subband is occupied.
  The red star symbol indicates the point for GaAs, where for all $\varepsilon_F\raise0.3ex\hbox{$\;>$\kern-0.75em\raise-1.1ex\hbox{$\sim\;$}} 1.2$ we have $\chi_{xx}({\bf{R}})>\chi_{zz}({\bf{R}})$.}
  \label{fig:Contour1}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
 \includegraphics[width=6.cm]{FigContour2}
  \caption{Same as in Fig.~\ref{fig:Contour1} but for the integrated spin susceptibility elements $\overline{\chi}_{\perp}$ and $\overline{\chi}_{\parallel}$, Eq.~(\ref{eq:IntegralR}).}
  \label{fig:Contour2}
\end{figure}

We have seen in Fig.~\ref{fig:FriedelOsc} that the dominance between $\chi_{xx}({\bf R})$ and $\chi_{zz}({\bf R})$ changes with the value of the Fermi energy.
This can be attributed to HH-LH mixing because by increasing the Fermi energy (density), hole states with larger wave vectors are populated which exhibit
a stronger HH-LH mixing.\cite{RolandBook} However, for Fig.~\ref{fig:FriedelOsc} the band structure parameters $\bar{\gamma}$ and $\alpha$ were held fixed
and it is not clear if other values would give rise to a different behaviour.
To answer this question whether HH-LH mixing is indeed the underlying mechanism for the change from easy-axis to easy-plane dominance,
we show in Fig.~\ref{fig:Contour1} the boundary lines of $\chi_{xx}({\bf R})=\chi_{zz}({\bf R})$ in the $\bar\gamma$-$\varepsilon_{F}$ plane for various
values of $\alpha$, choosing $k_{\text F}R=10$ and $\phi_R=0$.
Below the lines we have $\chi_{zz}({\bf R})>\chi_{xx}({\bf R})$ and above the lines the opposite relation.
The dashed lines are contour lines for $\sin^2\theta_{HL}=0.35$ associated to each value of $\alpha$.
As can be seen from Fig.~\ref{fig:Contour1}, the boundary lines where the transition $\chi_{xx}({\bf R})<\chi_{zz}({\bf R})$ to
$\chi_{xx}({\bf R})>\chi_{zz}({\bf R})$ occurs
almost coincides with the corresponding contour of $\sin^2\theta_{HL}= 0.35$.
Fig.~\ref{fig:Contour1} implies that an increase of the amount of HH-LH mixing also entails an increase
of $\chi_{xx}({\bf R})/\chi_{zz}({\bf R})$ and determines the easy-axis versus easy-plane dominance of the impurity spins.
Moreover, Fig.~\ref{fig:Contour1} shows that there is an approximately universal
value for the HH-LH mixing angle $\sin^2\theta_{HL}\sim 0.35$ at which the phase transition occurs.
The behaviour of the easy-axis versus easy-plane components of the spin susceptibility tensor
can be understood intuitively by considering the influence of a in-plane magnetic field on a two-dimensional hole gas.
An in-plane magnetic field has a suppressed coupling to HH states\cite{Winkler,RolandBook}, which in turn implies a tiny Zeeman-splitting.
On the contrary, the coupling of an in-plane magnetic field to LH states is not suppressed.
Thus, these features of HH and LH states get interchanged when HH-LH mixing is promoted, and
clearly leaves an imprint in the spin susceptibility tensor.
Consequently, one could conjecture that the easy-plane components $\chi_{xx}$ and $\chi_{yy}$ are increased with respect to
the easy-axis component $\chi_{zz}$ when HH-LH mixing increases.
It is however worth emphasizing that the transition happens not for $\sin^2\theta_{HL}\sim 0.5$,
as one would naively expect from this argument, but for a much lower value.

So far we have considered the case of two isolated impurities and their exchange interaction mediated by the
spin susceptibility tensor as given in Eqs.~(\ref{eq:Trxx})-(\ref{eq:Trzz}).
In semiconductor systems with a high density of magnetic impurities it is useful to average over the distances of all impurities
assuming that they are randomly but on the average homogeneous distributed.
This corresponds to taking the mean field limit in the calculation of the Curie temperature\cite{Dietl}.
In such a way the discrete sum can be replaced by an integral\cite{footnote}
\begin{equation}
\overline{\chi}_{ii}=n^{\text{imp}}\int ~{\text d}{\bf R}~ {\chi_{ii}}({\bf R})~,
\label{eq:IntegralR}
\end{equation}
where $n^{\text{imp}}$ denotes the density of impurities and we define
$\overline{\chi}_{zz}\equiv\overline{\chi}_\perp$ and $\overline{\chi}_{xx}=\overline{\chi}_{yy}\equiv\overline{\chi}_\parallel$
since the angular part of the in-plane components drops out after the integration over $\phi_R$, see Eqs.~(\ref{eq:Trxx}) and (\ref{eq:Tryy}).
In Fig.~\ref{fig:Contour2}, we show the boundary lines of $\overline{\chi}_{\parallel}=\overline{\chi}_{\perp}$ in the $\bar\gamma$-$\varepsilon_{F}$ plane for the same
values of $\alpha$ as in Fig.~\ref{fig:Contour1}.
Again we include the contours $\sin^2\theta_{HL}=0.35$ as in Fig.~\ref{fig:Contour1}.
In comparison with Fig.~\ref{fig:Contour1}, we see that an averaging over the distance
leads to a distortion of the linear character of the boundary lines.
This is mainly due to short distance contributions which show a different behaviour.
As a result, the boundary lines do not follow the linear behaviour of $\sin^2\theta_{LH}$ over the whole parameter region shown.
However, we still find that $\overline{\chi}_{\parallel}/\overline{\chi}_{\perp}$ is monotonically increasing with the Fermi energy $\varepsilon_F$ and the
structure parameters $\alpha$ and $\bar{\gamma}$, and thus is correlated with the HH-LH mixing angle.
Exceptions to this behaviour are found for $0.6\raise0.3ex\hbox{$\;<$\kern-0.75em\raise-1.1ex\hbox{$\sim\;$}}\alpha\lsim0.8$, where an increase of $\bar\gamma$ does not
yield larger $\overline{\chi}_{\parallel}/\overline{\chi}_{\perp}$.
Clearly, also the universal behaviour of Fig.~\ref{fig:Contour1} is lost and a transition from easy-axis to easy-plane dominance does not happen globally close to a particular value of $\sin^2\theta_{HL}$.
For example, in the cases $\alpha=1.4$ and $\bar{\gamma}\raise0.3ex\hbox{$\;>$\kern-0.75em\raise-1.1ex\hbox{$\sim\;$}} 0.3$, the phase transition occurs at $\sin^2\theta_{HL}\sim 0.39$.
Whereas for $\alpha=0.8$, the value for $\sin^2\theta_{HL}$ can be around 0.32 to still obtain $\overline{\chi}_{\parallel}/\overline{\chi}_{\perp}>1$.

\section{Summary \label{sec:sum}}

We have calculated and analyzed the spin susceptibility tensor of a homogeneous 2D hole gas, based on the Luttinger-model description of the
lowest valence band within axial approximation. In such a way analytical results can be obtained that comprise the explicit dependence on
the relevant band structure parameters. Our formulae show the important influence of HH-LH mixing on the elements of the spin susceptibility tensor.
We find strong anisotropies both among the easy-plane components as well as among the easy-plane and easy-axis components.
Moreover, we have pointed out
that these anisotropies are intimately connected to the HH-LH mixed character of the hole states.
In particular, we find that the anisotropy between easy-plane components depends only on the amount of LH character
in the lowest HH-like band, characterized by $\sin^2\theta_{HL}$, Eq.~(\ref{eq:mixing}).
Also, we find an almost universal value for $\sin^2\theta_{HL}$ for the switching from easy-axis to easy-plane aligned
impurity spins.
In contrast, we recover the well-known result of an 2DEG in the limit of zero HH-LH mixing, with impurity spins aligned perpendicular to the
quantum-well.

\acknowledgements

The author is indebted to M. Governale, R. Winkler and U. Z\"ulicke for numerous helpful and interesting discussions.


text:
The SpongeBob Musical set for Broadway debut, features David Bowie song
The Flaming Lips, Cyndi Lauper, and John Legend also contributed to the production
Eddie Fu Follow
June 5, 2017 | 4:55pm ET
SpongeBob SquarePants is officially headed to Broadway. According to The Hollywood Reporter, a musical based on the beloved Nickelodeon animated series will begin previews at the Palace Theatre on November 6th ahead of its opening night on December 4th.
The production features music from a long list of artists led by the Thin White Duke himself, David Bowie. His song with Brian Eno, "No Control", appears in the musical. Fittingly, Bowie previously lent his talents to SpongeBob Squarepants for the 2007 made-for-TV movie SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis, voicing the role of Lord Royal Highness of the lost continent of Atlantis.
Several other notable artists contributed original music contributed to the musical, including The Flaming Lips, Cyndi Lauper, John Legend, They Might Be Be Giants, T.I., Alexander Ebert of Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeros, and Steven Tyler and Joe Perry of Aerosmith.
In the musical, SpongeBob and all of Bikini Bottom face the total annihilation of their undersea world. But just when all hope seems lost, a most unexpected hero rises to the surface. The cast includes Ethan Slater as SpongeBob SquarePants, Gavin Lee as Squidward, Lilli Cooper as Sandy Cheeks, and Danny Skinner as Patrick.
On a separate note, a third SpongeBob SquarePants feature film is scheduled for release in 2019. It follows in the footsteps of 2004's The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie and 2015's The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water.
Alex Ebert
Steven Tyler
The SpongeBob Musical

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Profile last updated Jul 17, 2015.


text:
<title>SrcEdit User's Manual</title>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />

SrcEdit version 2.5.1

User's Manual

About this document
Updated 2/3-2005e

Contents

Introduction

Licensing

Main Features

Requirements

Installation

Help

Quick Start

The Menu

Menu/File

New

Open

Reload

Save

Save as

Delete

Info

Menu/Edit

Cut

Copy

Paste

Undo

Find/Replace

Find Again

Select All

Goto Line

Mark Position

Jump Between

Select Between

Keyboard

Menu/Options

Preferences

Toolbar

Tabulator

Auto Complete

Navigator

Function Bookmk

Keyboard Support

Menu/Tools

Keywd Complete

Header Params

Function Bookmk

Comment

Uncomment

Launch Compiler

About SrcEdit

The Toolbar

Shift Left

Shift Right

MRU

Popup Tools

Uppercase

Lowercase

Toggle Case

Reverse

SEO

Toolbar Skins

Resource Font

Bug reports

Useful Links

Thanks

Introduction

SrcEdit is a source code editor specially written to be used with OnBoardC, but it works well with other environments too like PP compiler, iziBasic, and Plua. SrcEdit is also suited for editing 68kASM and HTML.

A load of work has been put down to make SrcEdit reliable and easy to use,  at the same time as a large range of features has been carefully adapted and incorporated. SrcEdit is a great programming tool, small enough to fit in the palm of your hand.

Since this manual deals with SrcEdit, some of the subjects belonging to the OnBoard Suite as a whole, like licensing, installation etc., will only be mentioned briefly.

Licensing

SrcEdit is provided under the GNU General Public License (GPL). If you want to know more, please visit the Free Software Foundation website .

Main Features

Sony Clié 480x320 screen support

Flexible user interface

Configurable Toolbar

Resource Font support

Configurable  Source Code Color Scheme

Quick jump between the Most Recently Used files--MRU.

Jump Between two places within a file

Select Between cursor and a marked position.

Comment/Uncomment tools

Block indenting

Find/jump to function with Function Bookmarks

Find/complete API function name with Keyword Complete

API function parameter lookup with Header Parameters

+ a lot more

Requirements

A PDA with Palm OS 3.0+.  Color screen recommended.

Installation

Copy srcedit.prc and optionally a skin file of your choice into your palm's RAM, using the normal installation procedure.

If you need help

Visit the OnBoardC Discussion Group. There you'll meet some really nice and helpful people, you'll find useful documents and other files, and you'll be able to search the archive of discussion topics.

Quick Start

SrcEdit's main form components

The text editing area

The text scrollbar

The Scroll left and scroll right button

The Menu (normally not visible)

The Toolbar

How to Scroll Up And Down

There are two ways to scroll the text up and down:

The text scrollbar on the right.
A tap on the small arrows at each end of the scrollbar scrolls the text one line.
A tap on the bar above or below the handle will scroll one whole page up or down.
Drag the handle to move to fast to any position in the file.

The hardware up and down buttons. For devices with 5-way navigator, see Menu/Options/Navigator for configuration of behavior.

How to Scroll Left And Right

As SrcEdit is a source code editor, it does not wrap the text lines, in the text editing area, to screen. A long line therefore continues outside the right margin of the screen where it only finishes with a linefeed. To be able to see beyond the limit of the screen, there are three ways to scroll sidewards:

The scroll left and right buttons down in the right corner of the screen.

The left and right buttons on machines with 5-way navigator. See Menu/Options/Navigator for configuration of behavior.

Two hardware buttons configured for the purpose. See Menu/Options/Navigator

* Useful for devices without 5-way navigator, or if the 5-way navigator is set on Moving Cursor. .

How to Select Text

A word: Double tap on the word.

A word using the 5-way navigator: Place the cursor immediately before the word, in the word, or immediately after the word and double click on the 5-way navigator's center button.

A line: Triple tap somewhere on the line.

 A line using the 5-way navigator: Place the cursor somewhere on the line and triple click on the 5-way navigator's center button.

Multiple lines, normal method: Put and hold down the stylus where you want the selection to begin, and drag over the text to be selected.

Multiple lines using Select Between: Place the cursor at the beginning of the selection. Tap on Menu/Edit/Mark Position. Move the cursor to the end of the selection and tap on Menu/Edit/Select Between.

* Mark Position and Select Between can also be found as a Toolbar function and in Popup Tools.

The whole document: Choose Menu/Edit/Select All
or use the short cut: /A

Using the 5-way navigator: The 5-way navigator's center button may be used for selecting a word by a double click or a whole line by a triple click.

To select a word place the cursor immediately before the word, in the word, or immediately after the word and double click on the 5-way navigator's center button.

More on selecting: See the SEO section for how to resize a selection, how to find a matching parenthesis, and how to find a matching curly brace.

How to Get to the Features

SrcEdit's functions are reached through the following:

The Menu

The Menu shortcuts

The Toolbar

Popup Tools

Special Editing Operations, SEO

Most of functions can be invoked in several ways, so that the user can choose the way he likes best.  The functions will be explained in order they appear in The Menu.

The Menu

The menu is reached by tapping the menu silkscreen button.
On each menu you find the name of the different items to the left and their shortcuts to the right. The shortcuts can be entered unshifted (lower case) ex. the shortcut "/H" can be entered as "/h".

Most menu items opens a window with the menu and item names as headline. The window's contents varies, but two buttons remains the same: the OK and the Cancel buttons. The OK button executes the task of the window . The Cancel button closes the window without any action. Cancel is a good choice if you don't know what to do, but if that happens, a good advice is: read the rest of this manual. If you don't, you will surly miss many of SrcEdit's hidden functions.

Other buttons which may appear will be explained later, but the OK and Cancel buttons will never be mentioned again.

New /N

Menu/File

(Window: New File)

Creates a new doc file.

Type in the name of the new file.  Limit: 31 characters.

Open  /O

Menu/File

(Window: Open File)

Saves the opened doc file and opens an other one.

Choose which file to open in the file list.

Reload  /E

Menu/File

(Window: Reload File)

Substitutes the opened doc file with the last saved version of the same.

* Warning! This will delete everything that was changed since the last time it was saved.

Save  /S

Menu/File

(Window: none)

Saves the file.

* SrcEdit automatically saves the current document upon: device shut down or sleep, or application stop.

Save as ...  /V

Menu/File

(Window: Save File as)

Saves the opened doc file under another name.
Type the new name.

Delete  /D

Menu/File

(Window: Delete File)

Deletes doc files.

Select the file to be deleted in the file list and tap Delete. More files can be deleted, but only one at the time. When you ready, tap on Close to close the window.

File Info  /I

Menu/File

(Window: File Info)

Displays information about the opened doc file. It also makes it possible to change category and file attributes.

DB Name: The name of the doc file

Date: Choose to see dates and time when the file was created, last modified, and last synchronized.

Resides on: Shows where the file is--in RAM , ROM (flash memory) or VFS.

Version: A number that increases each time the file is saved. Can be used to determine the latest version

Category: A way of identifying files belonging to a specific project.

Set a number from 1 - 15 with which you can group your files. By giving the categories different colors under Menu/Options/Preferences-Customize, the groups will show up with it's own colors in the Menu/File/Open file list.

DB Size: The file size in bytes

# Rec: The number of records the file consists of.

Doc Size: The size of the text in bytes.

Compr. Size: (For future use.) Will show the size of the compressed file.

# Lines: The number of lines in the text.

# Words: The number of words in the text.

File Attributes (can be changed)

Backup: If checked, backup during HotSync.

Read Only: If checked, no changes to this document will be saved.

Beam Prvnt: If checked, this document is prevented from being beamed.

Secret: If checked, the file is set to Private. See Operative System/Preferences/Security/Current Privacy.

Cut  /X

Menu/Edit

(Window: none. Also available in: Toolbar, Popup tools.)

Copies selected text to the clipboard and then erases it the text.

Copy  /C

Menu/Edit

(Window: none. Also available in: Toolbar, Popup tools.)

Copies select text to clipboard.

Paste  /P

Menu/Edit

(Window: none. Also available in: Toolbar, Popup tools.)

 Pastes the contents of the clipboard into the text at the place of the cursor, or a selected text which will be replaced,

Undo  /U

Menu/Edit

(Window: none. Also available in: Toolbar.)

Makes up for your mistakes and undos the last text operation you did.

* Only the latest operation can be undone.

Find/Replace  /F

Menu/Edit

(Window: Find/Replace. Also available in: Toolbar, Popup Tools.)

Finds a word or phrase and optionally replaces it.

The Find/Replace dialog has two text fields.
In the upper one, the Find field, you write the text you want to find.
In the lower one, the Replace field, you write what you want to Replace the found text with. If you only want to find, you can leave the Replace field empty.

* The linefeed character is not accepted.

Find

1. Write the text you are looking for in the Find field.

* If you have a text selected when opening the Find/Replace dialog, the selected text will appear in the Find field and Find/Replace will find the next occurrence of the selected text.

2. Choose setting of Ignore case and Search from top.

* If you don't check Search from top the search will start from the cursor position and finish at the end of the document.

3. Tap on the Find button. SrcEdit will now search for the next occurrence of the text you were looking for and then close the window.

If the search is the  successful, the text found will appear as selected. Otherwise the original selection will be shown.

Replace

With the Find field filled in, write what the searched text should be replaced with, in the Replace with field. A tap on the Replace button and the next occurrence of the text in the "Find" field, will be replaced, and the window closed.

Replace All

Tapping Replace All replaces all occurrences of the searched text before the window closes.

Selected Search Area

Select the section of the text (several lines) inside which you want to search.
Bring up the Find/Replace window and proceed according to the instructions above, without checking Search From Top. Find and Replace will now only work inside the selected search area.

Find Again  /G

Menu/Edit

(Window: none. Also available in: Toolbar.)

After having performed a Find,  Find Again will find the the next occurrence of the text entered in the Find field of the Find/Replace dialog.

Select All  /A

Menu/Edit

(Window: none.)

Selects the whole text in the document

Goto Line  /L

Menu/Edit

(Window: Goto Line.)

Shows the line number of the current cursor position in the Line # field when the window opens.

To go to a specific line, type in the line number.

Mark Position  /M

Menu/Edit

(Window: none. Also available in: Toolbar, Popup Tools.)

Marks the current cursor position as a returning point or a starting point for a selection.

Choose the position to mark, then tap Mark Position.

Jump Between  /J

Menu/Edit

(Window: none. Also available in: Toolbar, Popup Tools.)

Jumps between the current cursor position and a previously marked position.

Mark a position as described under Mark Position. Then after having placed the cursor in an other part of the document, tap Jump Between.

* If no position is marked, Jump Between jumps  top of the document.

* As the jump is about to be made, the current cursor position and the marked position swap places, so that a second tap on Jump Between will make the cursor return to it's original position.

Select Between  /W

Menu/Edit

(Window: none. Also available in: Toolbar, Popup Tools.)

Selects the text between the cursor and the mark.

Mark a position to be the starting point of the selection. Then place the cursor at the ending point of the same selection, and tap Select Between. See Menu/Edit/Mark Position for more details.

Keyboard

Menu/Edit

(Window: Keyboard.)

Opens the inbuilt Keyboard window.

* SrcEdit's way of presenting text without fields does not allow scrolling though the text using Keyboard. Only one line is editable at the time.

Preferences

Menu/Options

(Window: Preferences.)

Here are some options which affects the basic function of SrcEdit.

Font

Only two buttons: The Standard system font button, and the Resource font button, and yet an endless list of fonts to choose from. The Standard system font needs no further explanation, but the Resource font does.

* SrcEdit also supports FontHack for OS<5.0.

Resource Fonts are resources residing inside the .prc files of many programs. SrcEdit can now make use of Resource Fonts copied from almost any program and copied into the optional SrcEditSkin file.

How to Install Resource Fonts

Use BIRD or RsrcEdit to copy your favorite Resource Font from the program of your choice.

Open the SrcEditSkin file and paste the Resource Font into it.

Change the name to "nfnt 1001" if it is a Hi Res font, and to "NFNT 1000" if it is a Low Res font.

Open SrcEdit and choose Resource under
Menu/Options/Preferences-Font

* If no Resource Font is found in the  SrcEditSkin file or if no SrcEditSkin file is found, SrcEdit will use the built-in Resource Font.

Mode

1. Selects which language Keyword set and which comment type is to be colored.

2. Alters the function of Menu/Options/Auto complete so that it besides: "", ' ', also auto completes (), [], and {} in C-mode; < > in HTML-mode, and (), and [] in ASM-mode.

3. Decides what Comment indicators are to be inserted by Menu/Tools/Comment, and deleted by Menu/Tools/Uncomment.

SrcEdit normally makes the selection automatically by looking at the file extension: .c and .h for C; .htm and .html for HTML; and .asm and .inc for ASM. If no file extension is used, or if it is needed to override the automatic selection, a manual selection can be made here.

Choose:

C--to use C-language keywords.

HTML--to use Hypertext Markup Language keywords.

ASM--to use 68k Assembly language keywords.

* If no valid file extension is found, C-mode is default.

* The keywords are a part of the source code color scheme and are therefore colored if Color/Grayscale is checked. See Color/Grayscale-Customize.

* See Auto Complete for details of function and configuration.

Scrolling With Hardware Buttons

Makes it possible to configure hardware buttons for scrolling sideways.

Check this option and choose hardware buttons for scrolling Left and Right.

* Useful for devices without 5-way navigator, or if the 5-way navigator is set on Moving cursor. See Menu/Options/Navigator.

Color/Grayscale

Enables the source code color scheme.

* SrcEdit works somewhat slower with this option set.

Customize

Takes you to the Color Setup window.

Comment Lines

The number of lines SrcEdit will look upwards for is a starting "/*" comment.

* Valid in C-Mode only.

Color Setup

(Window: Color Setup.)

How to customize the colors

Tap on the Customizable colors dropdown and choose one of the three list options: Source colors, Databases in lists, and Miscellaneous. Each of these contains another list of the items to setup.

Source Colors

To Set the Colors of: Text, Keywords, Comments, Strings, Characters, Values, Parenthesis, Brackets, and Operators.

Databases in Lists

To set the colors of: Locked DB, Masked DB, and Categories 1 to 15.

Locked DB: Databases set as Read Only. These files also marked with a padlock. See Menu/File/Info.

Masked DB: Databases set as Secret either by the operating system or in Menu/File/Info.

Category: Categories are used in the Menu/File/Open, where files belonging to a specific category will be displayed in the color chosen here.

* To set a file's category, see Menu/File/Info.

Miscellaneous

To set the colors of the Background

After having tapped on an item, it's just to choose a color according to your taste.

The Default Button

Restores all values to SrcEdit original color scheme.

Toolbar

Menu/Options

(Window: Toolbar Options.)

Shows the functions linked to the Toolbar icons, and reconfigures them.

To View an Icon's Function

Tap on the icon to view, and the function linked to it will show on the line below.

To Reconfigure an Icon's Function

After having tapped on an icon, tap on the drop down list and choose a new function to link with the icon.

Tabulator

Menu/Options

(Window: Tabulator Options.)

Defines SrcEdit's behavior when entering a tab character.

To Use Tab Characters as Tabs

All tabs will be displayed as a blank space, Tab size wide.

Check Tab size and specify the  preferred tab size in lowres pixels.

To Use Spaces Instead of Tabs.

When entering a tab, this option substitutes the tab character with a number of spaces.

Check Spaces and specify the preferred number of spaces to use.

* The auto indent function in Menu/Options/Auto Complete will use the option chosen here to indent the lines.

Auto Complete

Menu/Options

(Window: Auto Complete Options.)

Auto Completion

If checked SrcEdit will in all modes automatically type in the matched par of: "", ' '.

In addition C-mode also auto completes: (), [], {}, HTML-mode:  < >, and ASM-mode: (), [].

* See Menu/Options/Preferences-Mode for more details.

Auto Indent After Curly Brace

When a "{" or a ")" is entered,  SrcEdit will add one indent level to the following line placing the cursor at the new position.

When a "}" is entered on an empty line, with a following linefeed, SrcEdit will shift the characters on that line one tab position to the left, placing the cursor on the next line.

* If this option is checked, auto completion of "{" is disabled.

* Only available in C-mode.

* This option use tabulators as specified in Meny/Options/Tabulator.

Navigator

Menu/Options

(Window: Navigator Options.)

Sets the desired function of the up, down, left and right buttons.

Scrolling Screen

Scrolls one page up or down if possible, and left or right in steps of one character position.

* Leaves the cursor in its position.

Moving Cursor

Moves the cursor one line up or down if possible, and left or right in steps of one character position.

* Only available on devices with 5-way navigator!

Function Bookmk

Menu/Options

(Window: Function Bookmk Options. A C-mode function.)

Specifies how thorough the function should be when collecting and presenting the function bookmarks. Functions that are completely commented are displayed in the color used for comments. See Menu/Options/Preferences.

Sort Ascending

If checked, the list will be sorted in ascending order.

* By default the functions are presented in the order they appear in the document.

Extra Aware

Uses an advanced search procedure to make the list of functions reliable.

* With this option checked, the Function bookmk popup will take longer time to appear.

* If this option is not checked, the list may occasionally contain false functions.

Show Commented

Enables  display of commented functions.

* This option is only available when Extra Aware is checked.

Commented Last

Displays all commented functions separated at the end of the list.

* This option is only available when Extra Aware and Show Commented are checked.

Keyboard Support

Menu/Options

(Window: Keyboard Support.)

Sets what keyboard is to be used.

The keyboard support in SrcEdit is mostly about cursor key navigation: the ability to use Shift to select, Ctrl to move word by word, Cmd to larger amounts, Del to delete the character to the right, Tab to indent selected lines, Shift-Tab to un-indent selected lines, etc.

The keyboards in the list below are linked to the Keyboard Appendix which shows what functionality is implemented, what keys combinations you have to press, and what behaviour you should expect from SrcEdit. The goal  has been to mimic (as much as possible) the behaviour of mainstream Windows editors, such as Notepad, TextPad, SourceEdit, etc.

The following keyboards are supported at the moment:

Palm Portable Keyboard

Palm Wireless Keyboard

Palm Ultra-Thin Keyboard

Belkin Wireless Keyboard

Tungsten C Internal

Sony NX Internal Keyboard

Sony UX Internal Keyboard

Clié PEG-NR70 Internal

Treo 90 Internal Keyboard

Treo 600 Internal Keyboard

Alphasmart Dana Internal

Tapwave Zodiac

Keywd Complete

Menu/Tools

(Window: Popup. A C-mode function. Also available in: Toolbar, Popup tools.)

Helps to find and write a function name.

Place the cursor after at least the first letter in the function name you want to find. Tapping "Keywd complete" brings up a list of functions contained in OnBoardHeader.h (see the OnBoard Suit's user's manual) all starting with the letter or letters immediately to the left of the cursor.

Header Params

Menu/Tools

(Window: none. A C-mode function. Also available in: Toolbar, Popup Tools.)

Header Parameters fills in the function parameters found in OnBoardHeader.h for a given function.

Place the cursor immediately to the right of the function name, and tap on Header Params

* Long parameter lists will span over multiple lines.

Function Bookmk

Menu/Tools

(Window: Popup. A C-mode function. Also available in: Toolbar, Popup Tools.)

Function Bookmarks is a list of the functions contained in the opened source file, helping you to navigate quickly in your code.

Tap Function Bookmk, choose the function you want to jump to, and tap on it.

* To configurate, see Menu/Option/Function Bookmk.

Comment

Menu/Tools

(Window: none. Also available in: Toolbar, Popup Tools.)

Automatically turns text or code into C-language, HTML, or 68k ASM comments depending on which Mode is chosen.

* See Menu/Options/Preferences-Mode.

How To Comment

One Line

Comment indicator: C-mode "//", HTML-mode "<!-- ... -->", 68k ASM ";".

Select the whole line you want to turn into a comment before tapping on Comment.

* To select a whole line, triple tap on it.

The End of a Line

Comment indicator: C-mode "//", HTML-mode "<!-- ... -->", 68k ASM ";".

Select the end of a line and tap on Comment.

* SrcEdit disregards any ending white spaces.

A Block of Text in the Middle of a Line

Comment indicator: C-mode "/* ... */", HTML-mode "<!-- ... -->".

Make a selection anywhere on a line, except the end. Tap on Comment.

Multiple Lines

Comment indicator: C-mode "/* ... */", HTML-mode "<!-- ... -->", 68k ASM ";".

Select the lines you want to turn into comments, before tapping on Comment.

* Only the selected text will be a "Comment".

Uncomment

Menu/Tools

(Window: none. Also available in: Toolbar, Popup Tools.)

Removes the comment characters.

How To Uncomment

One Line

Select some of the commented characters and tap on Uncomment.

* Only one selected character is necessary.

* You May also Uncomment multiple whole line comments.

Multiple Lines

Select all commented characters before tapping on this menu item.

* All the commented characters should be selected, but not any of the  comment indicators (/* or */).

Launch Compiler

Menu/Tools

(Window: none.)

Launches a compiler depending on what extension the opened source DOC has.

Launches:

OnBoardC if the extension is ".c" or ".h"

OnBoard Assembler  if the extension is ".asm" or ".inc

PP Compiler if the extension is ".pas"

iziBasic  if the extension is ".ibas"

Plua  if the extension is ".plua"

About SrcEdit

Menu/Tools

(Window: About SrcEdit.)

Here you find information about SrcEdit's version number, licensing, and bug reporting.

The Toolbar

The Toolbar consists of eleven icons located at the bottom of the main form, each configurable to hold the function of your choice. See Menu/Options/Toolbar to configure the Toolbar.

Available functions:

Cut

Copy

Paste

Undo

Find/Replace

Find Again

Launch Compiler

Shift Left

(Also available in: Popup Tools.)

Removes one of the tab characters or the number of space characters corresponding to it (see note), from the beginning of the line and moves the text to the left.
Select the lines you want to Shift Left. Then tap the Toolbar icon assigned to it.

* Will erase either a tab character or, if not found the number of space characters found in Menu/Options/Tabulator.

* To Shift Left just the current line, no selection is needed.

* See Menu/Options/Toolbar on how to assign Shift Left to a Toolbar icon.

Shift Right

(Also available in: Popup Tools.)

Inserts one tab character or the number of space characters corresponding to it (see note), before text and moves the text to the right.
Select the lines you want to Shift Right (Indent). Then tap the Toolbar icon assigned to it.

* Uses the setting in Menu/Options/Tabulator.

* The Tab character may be entered to Shift Right the current line if it is totally selected.

* No selection is needed to Shift Right  only the current line.

* See Menu/Options/Toolbar on how to assign Shift Right to a Toolbar icon.

Comment

Uncomment

Mark Position

Jump Between

Select Between

Keyword Complete

Function Bookmks

Header Parmetrs

Popup Tool

A popop list loaded with functions. More about Popup tools in the next section.

MRU

A popup list with the Most Recently Used files. Makes it easy to jump between the files you are working with.

Popup Tools

Popup Tools is really two different popup lists on the same icon. One appears if a text is selected when the icon it is assigned to is tapped, and the other one when no text is selected.

Popup tools when there is a text selection:

Cut

Copy

Paste

Find/Replace

Comment

Uncomment

Shift Left

Shift Right

Uppercase

Transforms all characters to uppercase.

Select the text to transform, then tap on Uppercase.

Lowercase

Transforms all characters to lowercase.

Select the text to transform, then tap on Lowercase.

Toggle Case

Changes lowercase characters to uppercase characters and uppercase characters to lowercase characters.
Select the text to toggle the case on, then tap on Toggle Case.

Reverse

Reverses a text.
Select the text to reverse, then tap on Reverse.

Popup tools when there isn't any text selection:

Keyword completion

Header parameters

Function Bookmarks

Mark Position

Jump Between

Select Between

Special Editing Operations

Find Matching Curly Brace

Normal method: Double tap on one of the curly brace and the code between the curly brace tapped on and the matching one will be selected.

Using the 5-way navigator: Place the cursor immediately before one of the curly braces and double click on the 5-way navigator's center button.

Find Matching Parenthesis

Normal method: Double tap on one of the parenthesis and the function parameters between the parenthesis tapped on and the matching one will be selected.

Using the 5-way navigator: Place the cursor immediately before one of the parenthesis and double click on the 5-way navigator's center button.

Resizing a Selection

Makes it possible to resize an existing selection.

To lengthen a selection: Having made a selection, make a grafitti "Shift" as if to write an uppercase character, then tap on the point in the text before or after the selecion to which the selection should be extended.

To shorten a selection: Having made a selection, make a grafitti shift as if to write an uppercase character, then tap on the point inside the selection to which the selection should be shortened.

* The shortening of a selection only works at the end of a selection at the moment.

* To make a second resize on the same selection, it's necessary to unshift and then make a new shift before trying to resize. Only one resize per shift is permitted.

Toolbar Skins

A SrcEdit skin is a resource database. It must have creator ID "LedX", and be of type "SKIN". SrcEdit will open this database at startup and use bitmap resources found therein. There can only be one skin database installed on a device.

Bitmap Resources

A SrcEdit Skin database should contain eleven bitmap resources to be displayed as the buttons array at the bottom of the main application form (the edit screen), in the Configure Toolbar window and in the system's Menu Command Bar. These resources must be standard PalmOS bitmaps of type "Tbmp". The resource id's of these bitmaps must be as follows:

ID - Default Function

-------------------------

1040 - Cut

1041 - Copy

1042 - Paste

1043 - Undo

1044 - Search/Replace

1045 - Search Again

1046 - Launch Compiler

1047 - Shift Left

1048 - Shift Right

1049 - Keyword Complete

1050 - Function Bookmarks

Dimensions of these bitmaps should be: width 11 pixels, height 13 pixels.
Every resource must contain at least one Single-Density (Lo-Res) bitmap. Dimensions of Double-Density (Hi-Res) bitmaps, if you intend on adding such, must be twice that of a Single-Density - that is 22 pixels width x 26 pixels height.

Bitmap Editors

This is a list of PalmOS applications which might be used to create SrcEdit skins. This list is by no means full - feel free to extend it.

Bird - a new freeware resource editor. Edits Single- and Double-Density bitmaps as well as icons.

TbmpEdit - edits both, Single- and Double-Density bitmaps, but runs only on OS 5 devices.

RsrcEdit - edits only Single-Density bitmaps.

How to Install Resource Fonts

 A skin file can also contain Resource Fonts. See Menu/Options/Preferences-Font for more information.

Bug reports

Great care has been taken to catch all the bugs in SrcEdit. But since no program ever has been 100% bug free, we have to alert you: The few that probably are left are the most difficult once to catch!
Please help us find them. If you see one, place a bug report at
OnBoardC's site.

Useful Links

BIRD:

	http://ppcompiler.free.fr/download.php?lng=en

Free Software Foundation website:

	http://www.fsf.org

GNU Free Documentation License (FDL):

	http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html

GNU General Public License (GPL):

	http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html

iziBasic:

	http://www.aldweb.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=5350

Yahoo! OnBoardC Discussion Group:

	http://groups.yahoo.com/group/OnBoardC

OnBoardC homepage:

	http://onboardc.sourceforge.net/

OnBoardC, bugreports:

	http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?atid=478286&group_id=55794

SourceForge development site:

	https://sourceforge.net/projects/onboardc/

Plua:

	http://netpage.em.com.br/mmand/plua.htm

PP Compiler:

	http://ppcompiler.free.fr/?lng=en

RsrcEdit:

	http://www.quartus.net/products/rsrcedit

TbmpEdit:

	http://tbmpedit.sourceforge.net

Thanks

We would like to thank everybody who in some way or another has participated in the development of this project. Thank you very, very much!

About This Document

© John Wilund and Peter Thorstenson 2005

This document is released under
GNU Free Documentation License (FDL).


�Trust when I say that I am the reason that this world has survived. I began as a series of accidents. My mother and father would never have met if he had not invaded the wrong country. I would have strangled on my cord if my mother had not been in a state where aborting me was legal. My breathing form would not have been found in the incinerator waste if my rescuer had not been sick and moving very slowly.


In order to have a healthy tech sector, it's critical that tech companies take security seriously. Cyber criminals are continuing to exploit human nature as they rely on familiar attack patterns such as phishing, and increase their reliance on ransomware, where data is encrypted and a ransom is demanded, finds the Verizon 2016 Data Breach Investigations Report.
• 89 percent of all attacks involve financial or espionage motivations.
• Most attacks exploit known vulnerabilities that have never been patched despite patches being available for months, or even years. In fact, the top 10 known vulnerabilities accounted for 85 percent of successful exploits.
• 63 percent of confirmed data breaches involve using weak, default or stolen passwords.
• 95 percent of breaches and 86 percent of security incidents fall into nine patterns.
• Ransomware attacks increased by 16 percent over 2015 findings.
• Basic defenses continue to be sorely lacking in many organizations.
"The Data Breach Investigations Report's increasing importance to businesses, law enforcement and governmental agencies demonstrates a strong desire to stay ahead of cyber crime," said Chris Formant, president of Verizon Enterprise Solutions.
One area that has picked up dramatically over the prior year is phishing i.e. where end users receive an email from a fraudulent source. Alarmingly, 30 percent of phishing messages were opened – up from 23 percent in the 2015 report – and 13 percent of those clicked to open the malicious attachment or nefarious link.
• Sending a phishing email with a link pointing to the malicious website, or a malicious attachment.
• Malware is downloaded onto an individual's PC that establishes the initial foothold, and additional malware can be used to look for secrets and internal information to steal (cyberespionage) or encrypt files for ransom. Many times the malware steals credentials to multiple applications through key logging.
• Use of the credentials for further attacks, for example, to log into third-party websites like banking or retail sites.
• Know what attack patterns are most common for your industry.
• Utilize two-factor authentication for your systems and other applications, such as popular social networking sites.
• Monitor all inputs: Review all logs to help identify malicious activity.
• Encrypt your data: If stolen devices are encrypted, it's much harder for attackers to access the data.
• Train your staff: Developing security awareness within your organization is critical especially with the rise in phishing attacks.
• Know your data and protect it accordingly. Also limit who has access to it.


Took my Volvo to DMG PDR and what a refreshing customer service experience. I dealt with Travis the sales director and I've never had that much professionalism and kindness before. He was answering questions I didn't even know to ask. He was truthful and transparent the whole time. I could always get a hold of him and he gave me frequent updates on my vehicle. I would recommend this place a 100% no doubt.


text:
It's Too Late To Mail In Your Ballot. Here's How To Get Your Vote Counted
Heeding the Postal Service's warning of allowing a week for your mail-in ballot to be delivered to an election office, it is now probably best if you didn't mail it.
Some states allow for ballots that are postmarked by November 3 to still be counted, however, the cutoffs for when mail-in ballots can be counted varies by state and some extensions are currently being contested in the Supreme Court.
We wouldn't want your vote to get lost in the shuffle of mail or hang in the balance of legal proceedings. This warning is especially relevant as mail-in voting has exponentially risen in 2020 thanks in part to the coronavirus pandemic. More mail-in voting means more pieces of mail for USPS to sort through and deliver before ballot deadlines pass.
Safe alternatives you can take to still get your vote cast are to use official drop boxes. Check your local government website for specific locations of official drop boxes.
You can also utilize early voting locations to cast your ballot. If possible, voting on Election Day, this coming Tuesday (November 3) is also an alternative to mailing in a ballot.
Elections officials across the country are urging people to get their ballots in, but not by mail at this point. Kathy Boockvar, secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania told CNN, "I don't want anybody to lose their opportunity to vote, so I want every voter who has the ability to drop it off in person."
Pennsylvania is one of the states with an extended mail-in ballot deadline, but the extension has been contended in courts for months. You can check for your state's deadlines for mail-in ballots here.
According to a report by CNN, the USPS created an election task force to handle mail-in ballots which meets daily. Managers have been instructed to expedite the delivery and postmark of ballots up until November 24. Post offices are also reportedly making multiple trips to election offices daily to get the ballots in.
If you have mailed in your ballot, make sure you check that it has been processed and counted. You can check here to track your ballot.


Black, yellow and red sweatshirt made with a vintage geometric printed bike jersey Löffer.
Black, yellow and red sweatshirt made with a vintage geometric printed bike jersey Löffer, black cotton and black mesh lycra.
Complete the look the Löffer Bike Jersey Leggings, pants and short pants from the collection 2.8 kg Collector.
Löffer logo sewed on the left front.
Long sleeves in black cotton and cuts of yellow bike jersey at the bottom.
Black mesh lycra at the bottom of the piece.


text:
require File.expand_path('test_helper', File.dirname(__FILE__))

class Widget
  extend ActiveModel::Naming
end

class WidgetsController < InheritedResources::Base
end

class StrongParametersTest < ActionController::TestCase
  def setup
    @controller = WidgetsController.new
    @controller.stubs(:widget_url).returns("/")
    @controller.stubs(:permitted_params).returns(:widget => {:permitted => 'param'})
  end

  def test_permitted_params_from_new
    Widget.expects(:new).with(:permitted => 'param')
    get :new, :widget => { :permitted => 'param', :prohibited => 'param' }
  end

  def test_permitted_params_from_create
    Widget.expects(:new).with(:permitted => 'param').returns(mock(:save => true))
    post :create, :widget => { :permitted => 'param', :prohibited => 'param' }
  end

  def test_permitted_params_from_update
    mock_widget = mock
    mock_widget.stubs(:class).returns(Widget)
    mock_widget.expects(:update_attributes).with(:permitted => 'param')
    Widget.expects(:find).with('42').returns(mock_widget)
    put :update, :id => '42', :widget => {:permitted => 'param', :prohibited => 'param'}
  end
end


I really like this little drycleaners in Leichhardt. It's just opposite the Marketplace shopping centre in Marion St.
Not sure how long the signage has been up and unchanged. But I'd guess a couple of decades or more.
The figure of the guy holding the suit is a bit daggy. But it has a kind of seventies charm -- although I suspect it's not quite that old.
It's not great art, sure. But it gives the little shop a nostalgic feel and I'm glad it's still up there. Hope the owners keep it there as long as possible.


text:
WOAS is an American educational high school radio station that broadcasts a variety style music format at 88.5 Mhz FM.  The studio and transmitter tower is located at the Ontonagon Area School building. The Ontonagon Area School District holds ownership and U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licensing for the station.  Operation of the station is conducted by an all volunteer staff that includes students of the Ontonagon Area Schools and local community members.

Hours
The WOAS radio station broadcasts on weekdays from 8 am to 10 pm EST during the school year. The station also does selective broadcasting in August in conjunction with the Porcupine Mountains Music Festival, held at the Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park.

Station office hours are on weekdays from 9 am to 3 pm EST during the school year. The station office is located within the Ontonagon Area School building.

Programming
WOAS features on-air student disc jockey programs typically in one-hour blocks from 8 am to 3:30 pm. After 3:30 pm, the station features an assortment of on-air disc jockey programs hosted by local community members and syndicated  shows. Weekly syndicated shows include: "Beale Street Caravan", "Midnight Special", "PorkiesFest Radio", "Dr Duck's Rx for Guitar", "Woodsongs Old Time Radio Hour", "Acooustic Rainbow" and a variety of artists from the "Home Grown Music Network."

The variety format allows students and community staff to program their personal preference of genre during their respective on-air shows as long as it complies with the "terms-of-broadcast" concerning profanity and other points. Some local production of PSAs and promotional materials is also done by the station volunteers.

WOAS features a complete digital media system including three Compact Disc (CD) players, a Computerized Media Processor (CMP) and input jacks for MP3 or headphone based media devices. The only exception to the digital system is a single cassette tape player that is used for select syndicate programs and legacy media.

Live feed
The audio feed has been on and off the internet for the past 10 years due to web platform difficulties and lack of resources.  In early 2014, the WOAS radio station completed implementation of its live internet audio stream. The audio stream broadcasts on the public internet in stereo at 128 KBps. As of March 2016, the main server has been replaced and it is now feeding the weather station on line (also to Weather Underground), video and audio.

History
The first broadcast of the WOAS radio station started at 8:00 AM on Friday, December 15, 1978. The station was managed by the Ontonagon Area High School librarian, Thomas Graham Lee. At the time, the station featured two reel-to-reel players and a vinyl record turntable as well as wiring for remote broadcasting in the cafeteria and gymnasium of the high school building.

Margaret Muskatt succeeded Thomas Lee as manager in 1985 and, in the years that followed, the appeal of the station began to dwindle due to under-funding and aging equipment (which was donated to begin with); this led to a lull in staff morale. In 1987, the Community Schools program took over daily operations under the leadership of Community School Director Mike Bennett. What followed was a decade of growth and operating income for the station and school district as many grants for programs and new equipment were secured.

Through the mid-1990s, the popularity of WOAS again bottomed out as the Community Schools budget took massive hits and their involvement in the radio station eventually folded. The Ontonagon Area School District continued to be the station's owner but operations continued with a skeleton crew of volunteers when the Community Schools program ceased to exist in 1994. In 1995, Bennett became the elementary school principal, which left the station without an acting manager. In 1997, the station hit its lowest point when a license renewal lapse was about to occur and the Ontonagon Area School District directors debated about whether or not to renew the station's FCC license.

Also in 1997, science teachers Ken Raisanen and Chuck Zelinski made a pitch to the school district superintendent John Peterson to take over station operations and save the nearly dead project. They renewed the broadcasting license and began refurbishing the station's infrastructure and equipment. With generous grants from the Ontonagon Area School District (OASD), the Upper Peninsula Power Company (UPPCO), community members and volunteers, the station underwent a major remodeling and equipment replacement.  The station has encountered some difficulty with a stable web platform, but has managed to keep the station's audio stream intact at www.woas-fm.org.  Assistance from REMC 1 has put the WOAS web presence on a stable footing after the initial server was not able to handle the multiple feeds and was replaced by a more capable unit.

Ken Raisanen assumed the Station Manager position in 1997 and he continues as the Station Manager.  Beginning in the 2013–14 school year, students from the Senior Service Project class have developed their own daily program.  The SSP classes developed the first talk format shows and pioneered the'multiple DJ' format. During the 2015–16 school year, 3 of the 7 day shift blocks are being filled by SSP students.  DJs have put together a safe driving campaign with a grant from the Strive for a Safer Drive (S4SD) program jointly sponsored by the State of Michigan and Ford Motor Company.  The local campaign is called 'Don't Be Distracted' or 'DbD' for short.  WOAS marked another milestone in 2015-16 as one of the DJs has featured a live, interactive broadcast with a fellow fan of the band Aviators each Friday via face to face computer networking from Germany.  The station website at www.woas-fm.org hosts the district weather station, audio and video streaming.  The FROM THE VAULTS blog also appears weekly in the local newspaper, The Ontonagon Herald.

References
Michiguide.com - WOAS History
WOAS Station Website
WOAS Documentation & Historical Records

External links

OAS
High school radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1978

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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celebrity life
Ex-con Felicity Huffman scores first acting role after prison stint
Ex-con Felicity Huffman has landed her first acting role following her involvement in the college admissions scandal.
Eric Hegedus, New York Post
news.com.auDecember 1, 20202:07pm
US actress Felicity Huffman has walked free from jail after serving just 11 days behind bars....
US actress Felicity Huffman has walked free from jail after serving just 11 days behind bars.
Felicity Huffman spent 11 days jail for the US college admissions scandal. Picture: Joseph Prezioso/AFPSource:AFP
After serving 11 days of a two-week jail term over her involvement in the college admissions scandal, actress Felicity Huffman has scored her first acting job since her release.
The ex-con, who served her prison sentence last year, has signed on to star in an untitled comedy inspired by the life of Susan Savage, owner of Triple-A baseball's Sacramento River Cats, according to Deadline.
William H. Macy and Felicity Huffman at the 76th Annual Golden Globe Awards. Picture: Frazer Harrison/Getty ImagesSource:Getty Images
RELATED: Lori Loughlin and husband jailed over college admissions scandal
The project will co-star Zack Gottsagen (The Peanut Butter Falcon).
The series was reportedly pitched to the Desperate Housewives star by producer Aaron Kaplan, CEO of Kapital Entertainment, and will be written by Becky Hartman Edwards (The Baker and the Beauty, The Bold Type).
Huffman, Kaplan (A Million Little Things) and Hartman Edwards will executive produce.
Huffman, an Emmy winner and Oscar nominee (Transamerica), will play Savage, who in an unexpected move took over as majority River Cats owner following her husband Art Savage's death in November 2009. Gottsagen will play their son, who has Down syndrome and is himself a baseball fan, reported Deadline. The real-life team won the Triple-A national championship last year.
If they need to fill out the show's roster, they may not have to look far for help.
Full House actress Lori Loughlin is set to be released from prison herself next month after serving a two-month sentence for her participation in the college admissions dust-up.
Lori Loughlin after appearing in court to answer charges stemming from the college admissions scandal. Picture: Paul Marotta/Getty ImagesSource:Getty Images
This article originally appeared on the New York Post and was reproduced with permission
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Watch Katherine Jenkins' VE Day 75 Live Stream From Royal Albert Hall
Katherine Jenkins will perform behind closed doors at the Royal Albert Hall to mark VE Day 75 on Friday 8 May – watch the live stream here.
Sharon Kelly
Katherine Jenkins OBE, the UK's biggest selling classical artist of the century, will perform from behind closed doors at the Royal Albert Hall to mark the 75th anniversary of VE Day. Watch the half-hour concert, which will be live streamed to audiences around the world via YouTube on Friday 8 May at 6pm BST, 7pm CET, 10am LA, 1pm NYC, here.
"I wanted to do something to help bring the nation and the world together in commemoration and celebration at this difficult time."
Katherine Jenkins explained, "In London on VE Day 1945, over a million people celebrated Victory in Europe and the end of nearly six years of war. Crowds gathered en masse in Trafalgar Square and up the Mall to Buckingham Palace and whilst we may not be able to celebrate this year as we once did, it's only right that we don't allow the 75th anniversary of this historic day to be overshadowed. Having been part of the 60th and 70th events, I wanted to do something to help bring the nation and the world together in commemoration and celebration at this difficult time. I'm excited that we can still come together, albeit virtually, for a tribute of wartime songs and musical memories from London's most iconic concert venue. The Royal Albert Hall will be seen like never before – empty, isolated and yet still breathtakingly magnificent!"
Katherine Jenkins will sing wartime favourites
Katherine Jenkins will sing wartime favourites including 'We'll Meet Again' performed as a virtual duet with Dame Vera Lynn (which they recently released as a charity single). The timeless song, featuring the lyrics, 'I know we'll meet again some sunny day', epitomised the emotions of the war and brought people hope and a sense of togetherness. Today, they ring true for families around the world separated from loved ones at this time of crisis.
Dame Vera Lynn noted, "I'll never forget how 'We'll Meet Again" meant so much to all those soldiers going off to war as well as with their families and sweethearts. Seventy-five years since the end of the war in Europe, the virus has given those lyrics a whole new meaning. I have found the nation's renewed love for the song very moving. I hope this special duet lifts the spirits of our VE Day Veterans and all those separated from loved ones at this time."
Katherine Jenkins' concert from the Royal Albert Hall will give the nation a moment to pay tribute to the fallen men and women of the Second World War and salute the country's VE Day Veterans, many of whom are experiencing uncertainty and isolation. It is also our opportunity to thank the Armed Forces who, alongside the NHS and many others, are coming together to serve the country. The event will boost the morale of millions of people and bring together nations around the world affected by the Coronavirus pandemic.
This unique concert is made possible by funding from the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, as part of #LondonTogether which invites Londoners to highlight great examples of positive community action and gives much deserved appreciation for the work of our health and care staff, emergency services, key workers and volunteers.
The event is in support of the Royal Albert Hall's fundraising appeal and SSAFA, the Armed Forces charity's Emergency Response Fund.
Watch Katherine Jenkins' VE Day 75 live stream from the Royal Albert Hall, via YouTube on Friday 8 May 2020 at 6pm BST, 7pm CET, 10am LA, 1pm NYC, here.
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Related Topics:ClassicalClassical featuredKatherine Jenkinslive streamRoyal Albert HallVE Day 75
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