text:
require_relative 'dependency_resolver'

module Viewr
  SQLError = Class.new(StandardError)

  class SchemaObjectRunner

    def initialize(database_objects = [])
      @database_objects = DependencyResolver.resolve_to_sequence(database_objects)
    end

    def create_all
      @database_objects.each do |database_object|
        run(database_object, :create)
      end
    end

    def drop_all
      @database_objects.reverse.each do |database_object|
        run(database_object, :drop)
      end
    end

    def run(database_object, method)
      begin
        database_object.public_send(method)
      rescue StandardError => e
        raise SQLError.new "Error while processing #{database_object.name}: #{e.message}"
      end
    end

  end
end


text:
#if ! defined(EPPRESPONSEDATACHECKHOST_HPP)    /* { */
#define       EPPRESPONSEDATACHECKHOST_HPP        1

#include "EppResponseDataCheck.hpp"

/**
 * This EppResponseDataCheckHost class implements EPP
 * Response Data entity for EPP Command Check of EPP Host objects.
 *
 * @author Ning Zhang ning.zhang@neustar.com
 * @version $Revision: 1.2 $ $Date: 2006/03/01 01:35:38 $
 */
class EPP_EXPORT EppResponseDataCheckHost : public EppResponseDataCheck
{
public:

	/**
	 * Creates an EppResponseDataCheckHost object
	 */
	EppResponseDataCheckHost() {};

	/**
	 * Destructor
	 */
	~EppResponseDataCheckHost() {};

	/**
	 * Returns the run-time type of an EppEntity object
	 */
	virtual int getEntityType()
	{
		return EppEntity::TYPE_EppResponseDataCheckHost;
	};

	/**
	 * Converts an XML element into an
	 * EppResponseDataCheckHost object. The caller of this
	 * method must make sure that the root node is the resData element of
	 * EPP responseType for creating an EPP Host object.
	 *
	 * @param root root node for an
	 *             EppResponseDataCheckHost object
	 *             in XML format
	 *
	 * @return an EppResponseDataCheckHost object, or null
	 *         if the node is invalid
	 */
	static EppResponseDataCheckHost * fromXML( const DOMNode& root );

	/**
	 * Converts an EppResponseDataCheckHost object into
	 * an XML element.
	 *
	 * @param doc the XML DOMElement object
	 * @param tag the tag/element name for the
	 *            EppResponseDataCheckHost object
	 *
	 * @return an DOMElement object
	 */
	DOMElement* toXML( DOMDocument& doc, const DOMString& tag );
};

#endif     /* EPPRESPONSEDATACHECKHOST_HPP */  /* } */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


ore passes, box fronts, a train system, a crushing system, a conveyor approximately 450 tph, and 70 tph moves through the fines pass. Once the proceeds to the plant. Figure 3 shows a plan .. nantly for the handling of softer ores such as salt, limestone information on the performance and specifications of the vehicle.
crushing limestone 50 tph capacity heavy industry is specialized in the design, manufacture and supply of crushing equipment used in mining industry [Chat Online; limestone crusher plant with 100 tph capacity ibusoorg.
River Stone Crushing Plant, Cobble/Limestone Aggregate Crushing Plant,High quality . 150 180 TPH Stone Making Plant for Aggregate capacity 100t/h mobile crusher for aggregates New System Mobile Crusher and Screener Plant.
Crushing Equipment Mobile Crushing Plant Crawler Crushing Plant Feeding Conveying 100t/h limestone crushing plant in New zealand capacity in TPH, feeding material size, final product size, other requirments Message * SPECIAL PRODUCTS. Fixed Crushing Plant.
Mining Impact Crusher/Cement Impact Crusher/Competitive Price FTM mining impact crusher is a new type of crusher machine designed to promote production capacity and efficiency, 300 tph Basalt Crusher Plant in Kenya.
tph limestone crusher plant .za. Roll crusher and impact crusher for both well sold secondary crushing equipment in stone crushing plant.Roll crusher is different from jaw crusher in primary crushing Check price What is the price of 4 1/4 cone crusher for 150 tph. Free Quote.
cost of limestone crusher plant 30tph , Cost OfTph Limestone Crusher Plant csmvTPH Limestone Crushing Plant from cost of limestone crusher planttph, how to know price list of ball mill with .
The capacity range of crushing ; 400 tph limestone crushing line. sugar cane mill for sale on craigslist XSM is a leading global manufacturer of crushing and milling equipment ; limestone crusher 10 tph. 10 20 tph crushing plant Grinding Mill China10 20 tph crushing plant.
Mar 16, 20160183;32;Henan Baichy Machinery Equipment Co., Stone crusher . mini stone crusher PE150*250 mini small Jaw Crusher for sale 183; Hot sale PYB 1200 Spring . 200 tph jaw crusher plant price used for crushing limestone .
Oct 26, 20180183;32;SBM Machinery is a major river stone crushing screening equipment 450 600TPH, 600 800TPH, 800 1000 TPH etc. for the contractors and clients. According to the capacity of crushing plant, choose the right scale of jaw crusher.
Equipment 187; tph limestone crusher plant. tph limestone crusher plant. For the Record April Maryland. Australia 150 tph stone crushing and screening plant Raw Material limestone .Read More. Location Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (20 minutes by car from Riyadh city) Raw Material limestone .
4 00 tph limestone crushing plant . 40 tph mobile limestone crushing plant,shanghai scmis a professional ore crusher equipment,40 tph mobile limestone crushing . Get Price And Support Online What is price of a 10 TPH small diesel stone crusher for .


These tips are nothing new for veteran iPad users. However, I'm supporting more than 30 teachers with brand new iPads in their classrooms this year, so I'm trying to stay ahead of requests, questions, and troubleshooting by building up a number of "How To" videos for them. I'm usually available to meet with teachers face-to-face at the beginning of the school year, but as my schedule gets filled up with other job duties, it's nice to have a quick video to fire off if I can't help them out immediately.
If you happen to be an iPad user that dreads the low battery warning on your device, here are the top 5 ways that I manage my iPad's battery without seriously affecting the useability of the device. Keep in mind, your mileage may vary, especially if you depend on location services or a connected bluetooth device. For those users who have recently upgraded to iOS7, the background app refresh is a new feature that might be a trouble spot for those watching the battery closely. And if these tips aren't enough, Apple has a whole lot more on their website.


After feeling a little better, you develop signs of a more serious problem. Some of these signs are a sick-to-your-stomach feeling, vomiting, high fever, shaking chills, chest pain, or coughing with thick, yellow-green mucus.
Wash your hands often. You can pick up cold germs easily, even when shaking someone's hand or touching doorknobs or handrails.
If you sneeze or cough, do it into a tissue and then throw the tissue away.
Don't touch your nose, eyes or mouth. Germs can enter your body easily by these paths.
A flu shot can greatly lower your chance of getting the flu. The best time to get the shot is from the middle of October to the middle of November, because most people get the flu in the winter.
The shot can't cause the flu. But you may feel sore or weak or have a fever for a couple of days.
Almost all people who want to lower their chance of coming down with the flu can get a flu shot.
Who Might Not Be Able to Get a Flu Shot?
Some people should talk to their doctor first.
If you are one of those who should not get the flu shot, ask your doctor about prescription medicine to help prevent flu.
And if you get the flu, taking this medicine within the first 48 hours can make your illness less serious.
Antibiotics won't work against cold and flu germs.
And, antibiotics should be taken only when really needed.
Use a humidifier -- an electric device that puts water into the air.
A cough and cold medicine you buy without a prescription may help.
Make sure the label states that it treats your symptoms.
Do not give aspirin or other "salicylates" to children or teenagers with symptoms of a cold or flu.
If you aren't sure whether a product has salicylates, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Young people can get sick or die from a rare condition called Reye syndrome if they take these medicines while they have these symptoms.


text:
The NAELA Foundation seeks to advance the goals of the National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys and advocate for the rights of older Americans and people with special needs. Our goal is to establish good legal precedent in matters of critical importance to older Americans and people with special needs. The Foundation manages and distributes a litigation and regulatory advocacy fund that supports legal work of critical importance to older Americans and people with special needs. By providing financial support to members, NAELA Chapters, and other nonprofit organizations, NAELA facilitates litigation that ensures seniors and people with special needs benefit from the services they need and deserve.
The NAELA Foundation is dedicated to protecting the interests and benefits of older Americans and people with special needs. Our most vulnerable face continuous eroding of rights and benefits. Our work and your donations support:
Legal and regulatory advocacy that enhances the lives of seniors and people with special needs.
Litigation and amicus ("friend of the court") briefs filed singly or in partnership with like-minded organizations.
Resources that educate on current topics and best practices.
Scholarships for NAELA members to attend conferences and seminars.
Why Donate to the NAELA Foundation?
We Can't Do This Alone
The NAELA Foundation is committed to ensuring that NAELA Chapters, members and related nonprofits have the resources to accomplish their mission of championing Elder and Special Needs Law litigation and regulatory advocacy. With your support of our partnership with NAELA and those who share our vision, we can continue to help protect critical benefits and essential services relied on by the two most vulnerable populations in the United States.
The NAELA Foundation is governed by a Board of Trustees solely appointed by the corporation. The NAELA Foundation Board of Trustees is composed of experienced, knowledgeable private elder law and special needs planning attorneys, public service attorneys, and professors, all focused on the Foundation's mission and supporting the needs of older Americans and people with special needs. Read More
About NAELA
Members of the National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys (NAELA) are attorneys who are experienced and trained in working with the legal problems of aging Americans and individuals of all ages with disabilities. Established in 1987, NAELA is a non-profit association that assists lawyers, bar organizations, and others.
Learn More Find an Attorney
"The Foundation plays a critical role in allowing NAELA to improve the quality of legal services provided to seniors and people with special needs by offering financial support to help educate our members and further develop their everyday practice." - Vincent Russo, CELA, CAP, Fellow, Founding Chair, NAELA Foundation
The NAELA Foundation promotes the goals of NAELA and the Elder and Special Needs Law profession through scholarships, advocacy, research and education.
Board of Trustees Challenge
1577 Spring Hill Rd., Suite 310
naela@naela.org
Current Litigation
Visit naela.org
Find a NAELA Lawyer
State Nonprofit Disclosures

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
using GSF.ASN1;
using GSF.ASN1.Attributes;
using GSF.ASN1.Coders;

namespace GSF.MMS.Model
{

    [ASN1PreparedElement]
    [ASN1BoxedType(Name = "VMDReset_Request")]
    public class VMDReset_Request : IASN1PreparedElement
    {
        private static readonly IASN1PreparedElementData preparedData = CoderFactory.getInstance().newPreparedElementData(typeof(VMDReset_Request));
        private bool val;

        public VMDReset_Request()
        {
        }

        public VMDReset_Request(bool value)
        {
            Value = value;
        }

        [ASN1Boolean(Name = "VMDReset-Request")]
        public bool Value
        {
            get
            {
                return val;
            }
            set
            {
                val = value;
            }
        }

        public void initWithDefaults()
        {
        }

        public IASN1PreparedElementData PreparedData
        {
            get
            {
                return preparedData;
            }
        }
    }
}


text:
<?php

// /home/ethan/www/dev.symfony.com/vendor/symfony/src/Symfony/Bundle/WebProfilerBundle/Resources/views/Profiler/toolbar_redirect.html.twig
return array (
);


These cheesecakes are the perfect blend of sweet and sour.
Preheat oven to 300F. Line 12 muffin tins with foil liners. Lightly spray with grease. Set aside.
Combine the graham cracker crumbs with butter and sugar.
Evenly divide graham cracker mixture between the 12 liners, pressing with back of tablespoon to flatten.
Bake graham cracker crust for 8-10 minutes. Set aside to cool for 10 minutes while you make the filling.
In a medium mixing bowl using an electric mixer, beat together softened cream cheese until light and fluffy. Add in yogurt and sugar, beating again until smooth. Then add in egg, egg white, juice of limes and zest. Beat until just combined.
Pour your cheesecake batter into liners with baked graham cracker crusts. Bake for 12-15 minutes, until the middle is set.
After the 15 minutes is over it may seem like the cheesecakes aren't done, but trust me, they're done. Cheesecake is supposed to have a little jiggle, they will set more during the cooling process. If your cheesecake is soupy, it needs more time and if it doesn't move at all, it has been overcooked.
Make sure to remove the cheesecake from the muffin tin, if you refrigerate in the muffin tin the cheesecakes will stick.


text:
Pathogenicity comparison between QX-type and Mass-type infectious bronchitis virus to different segments of the oviducts in laying phase
Xiaorong Zhang1 na1,
Kun Yan1 na1,
Chengcheng Zhang1,
Mengjiao Guo1,
Shuqin Chen1,
Kai Liao1,
Zongyi Bo2,
Yongzhong Cao2 &
Yantao Wu1,2
Virology Journal volume 19, Article number: 62 (2022) Cite this article
The QX-type infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has become the predominant genotype worldwide in recent years and has caused serious economic losses to the chicken industry. The most significant feature of QX IBV is that its infection in the early growing stage can cause abnormal oviduct development, resulting in a high proportion of 'false layers' in poultry flocks of laying hens and breeders. However, few studies have evaluated whether infections of QX-type IBV in laying stages can also cause severe pathological changes in the oviduct.
In this study, 300-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were infected either with the QX-type strain QXL or Massachusetts (Mass)-type strain M41 to compare their pathogenicity on different segments of the oviduct.
Both the QXL and M41 strains successfully replicated in all segments of the oviduct; however, the QXL strain was more highly distributed in mucosal layer and caused severe lesions in the lamina propria, including interstitial dilation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and distinct expansion of tubular glands. Moreover, the QXL strain induced high expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic molecules in the majority of segments in the oviduct. Further research found that the QXL strain may affected the formation of shell membranes and eggshells by inhibiting the expression of type I collagen and CaBP-D28k.
Our results indicate that the QX-type IBV is more pathogenic than Mass-type IBV to oviduct in laying phase. Collectively, these findings provide detailed information on the pathological changes in different segments of the oviduct in laying phase, which could offer a better understanding about the pathogenicity of IBV.
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious, acute viral respiratory disease caused by IB virus (IBV), which primarily infects chickens [1]. As a respiratory disease virus, IBV initially targets the epithelium of the bronchus and induces acute respiratory symptoms, such as tracheal rales and dyspnea [2]. Some strains can also spread to the urogenital system, causing severe nephritis and reduced egg production and quality in layer hens. Furthermore, infected chickens are also susceptible to secondary infections with mycoplasma, bacteria, or other pathogens, leading to increased mortality [3].
In China, QX-type IBV was first reported to be isolated from a broiler chicken flocks that had proventriculitis in 1997 in Qingdao, Shandong province [4], and in the past two decades, outbreaks have also been found in many countries and regions around the world, and gradually developed into the prevailing genotype in many areas [5,6,7]. QX-type IBV is highly pathogenic to multiple organs, which can cause severe tracheal cilia injury, noticeably swollen pale kidneys, abnormal development of the oviduct and ovarian follicles [8, 9]. Infected chickens often manifest characteristic dilatation and serum-like fluid accumulation in the oviduct, which is known as the cystic oviduct [10, 11]. During the laying period, although the ovaries of infected chickens develop normally, the vitellus falls into the abdominal cavity, which causes peritonitis due to degeneration and shutting of the oviduct. A condition called 'false layers' syndrome develops in this course. The severity of reproductive disease varies greatly depending on the virus strain, period of infection and individual host conditions [12]. Different strains belonging to the QX type also demonstrated significant differences in pathogenicity [13]. Although it is known that QX-type IBV causes severe damage to the oviduct in young chickens and subsequently disrupts egg laying, the pathogenicity to the oviduct when infection occurs in laying phase is still not well understood. In addition, the oviduct is morphologically divided into four different functional segments, including the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus and uterus. Albumen, eggshell membrane, and eggshell are formed in the magnum, isthmus and uterus, respectively [14]. The eggshell membrane shows fibrous meshwork structures mainly composed of collagens and glycoprotein [15]. Types I and V collagen exist in egg shell membrane and the ratio of these is approximately 100:1 [16]. In the avian eggshell gland, calcium-binding protein (calbindin, CaBP) exists as a high-molecular-weight protein of 28 kDa (CaBP-D28k) and plays a role in the transportation of Ca2+ for shell formation [17]. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the influence of the QX-type IBV on different segments of the oviduct.
The aim of this study was to provide a better understanding of the pathogenicity of IBV. To this end, the QX-type strain QXL and the Mass-type strain M41 (primarily causing respiratory symptoms) were used to investigate and compare pathogenicity in different segments of the oviduct. Pathological changes were evaluated by examining the antigen distribution, lesions, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, cytotoxic molecules, type I interferon and eggshell formation-related genes.
SPF embryonated chicken eggs were purchased from Beijing Boehringer Ingelheim Vital Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). SPF white leghorn chickens were purchased from Jinan Sipai Furui Livestock Technology Co., Ltd. (Shandong, China).
The QX-type IBV strain CK/CH/JS/2010/12 (abbreviation: QXL) was isolated in 2010 from the trachea and kidney of chickens in a broiler flock exhibiting respiratory signs and death [18]. Mass-type IBV strain M41 was purchased from the China Veterinary Culture Collection Center (CVCC AV1511). QXL and M41 strains were serially diluted (10–1–10–8), five replicate samples of each dilution were inoculated into 10-day-old SPF embryonated chicken eggs, and the 50% chicken embryo infectious dose (EID50) was calculated using the method of Reed and Muench [19].
A total of 18 leghorn white chickens were kept in negative-pressure isolators under 12 h of light and provided with sufficient amount of food and water until they reached 300 days of age. They were then randomly divided into three groups, two challenge and one control groups (n = 6 each). Birds in two challenge groups were inoculated via the oculonasal route with 200 μL of allantoic fluid containing 104 EID50 of IBV strains QXL and M41, one group per strain. Birds in the control group were administered 200 μL of saline solution via the oculonasal route. On days 4 and 8 post inoculation, three animals from each group were randomly selected and euthanized by cervical dislocation to evaluate macroscopic lesions in the oviduct. Tissue samples from the same regions of the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus and uterus of each bird were collected (Additional file 1).
Histopathology and immunohistochemistry
The four segments of the oviduct were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, processed via the standard histological procedure, embedded in paraffin wax, and cut into 4 μm sections. Some of the paraffin sections were stained with Hansen's hematoxylin and eosin for histological observation, whereas other sections were prepared for immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect the intensity of the viral antigen. Briefly, sections were incubated with 10% (v/v) goat serum (blocking solution) for 30 min. They were then incubated with a 1:15,000 dilution of mouse monoclonal antibody to IBV N protein at 37 ℃ for 2 h [20]. After washing the sections with PBS (3 × 5 min), the immunoreaction products were detected using a concentrated SABC-POD (mouse IgG) kit (BOSTER Bioengineering Co. Ltd., catalog #SA2001). Sections were visualized using DAB and counterstained with Hansen's hematoxylin. All sections were observed using an optical microscope (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany).
RT-qPCR analysis of the expression of genes related to the immune response and eggshell formation
Total RNA from different segments of the oviduct (100 mg tissue from each segment) was extracted using an Ultrapure RNA Kit (CoWin Biosciences Co. Ltd., catalog #CW0581M). The concentration of RNA in each sample was measured using an Ultra micro sample spectrophotometer (Thermo, USA), and then 1 μg RNA was reverse transcribed using an EasyScript® Reverse Transcriptase (M-MLV, RNaseH-) Kit (TransGen Biotech Co. Ltd., catalog #N10227) and Oligo (dT)18 (Takara Bio, catalog #3806) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The reaction was performed at 42 °C for 30 min and at 85 °C for 5 s for cDNA synthesis. The RT-qPCR mixture was composed of 10 μL AceQ® qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix (Vazyme Biotech Co. Ltd., catalog #Q111-02/03), 0.4 μL of forward primer, 0.4 μL of reverse primer, 7.2 μL of nuclease-free water and 2 μL cDNA (or nuclease-free water for the control). The thermal profile for RT-qPCR was 95 °C for 5 min, followed by 40 cycles of 95 °C for 10 s, 60 °C for 30 s, melting at 95 °C for 15 s, 60 °C for 60 s and 95 °C for 15 s using a LineGene 9600 Plus (Bioer Technology Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China). The primers used for RT-qPCR were described previously [21, 22]. The target genes were expressed as a ratio relative to the RPS17 housekeeping gene, and the values were calculated using the 2−ΔΔCT method [23].
GraphPad Prism 8.3 software (GraphPad, La Jolla, CA, USA) was used to analyze all statistical data via one-way analysis of variance. Differences between the challenge and control groups were considered statistically significant when the P-value was < 0.05, highly significant at P < 0.01, and extremely significant at P < 0.0001.
To evaluate the distribution of viral antigen in different segments of oviduct, the paraffin sections were stained with IHC method. The results of IHC showed that the presence of QXL strain antigen was widely detected in the mucosal epithelial cilia and lamina propria (Fig. 1 A2, B2, C2, D2), whereas that of the M41 strain antigen was primarily detected in the mucosal epithelial cilia (Fig. 1 A3, B3, C3, D3). The distribution of the QXL strain antigen in the isthmus was more diffuse than that in the other segments of the oviduct (Fig. 1 C2). The integrated optical density (IOD) of QXL group was significantly higher than M41 group in the magnum, isthmus and uterus (Fig. 1E).
Immunohistochemistry detection of QX and Mass-type IBV antigens 4 days post infection. A1–D1 Different segments of oviduct in the control group. A2–D2 Different segments of oviduct in the QXL group. A3–D3 Different segments of oviduct in the M41 group. E The sum of IOD in different segments of oviduct. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 represent significant differences between the QXL group and the M41 group. Black arrows indicate antigen deposition. Scale bars: 50 or 100 μm. E, mucosal epithelium; L, lumen; LP, lamina propria
The H.E staining method was used to evaluate the pathological changes in different segments of oviduct. In the control group, the mucosal epithelium of the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus and uterus was lined by a ciliated pseudostratified epithelium, and the lamina propria was filled with tubular glands (Fig. 2 A1, B1, C1, D1). In the QXL group, many lymphocytes had infiltrated into the connective tissue of the lamina propria (Fig. 2 A2, C2), whereas inflammatory cells were rarely observed in the M41 group. Distinct expansion of tubular glands was observed in the infundibulum and magnum of the QXL group (Fig. 2 A2, B2), whereas desquamation of epithelial cells was observed in the isthmus and uterus of the M41 group (Fig. 2 C3, D2). Furthermore, the density of tubular glands was decreased due to interstitial dilation of the lamina propria in the uterus of the QXL group (Fig. 2 D2).
Histopathological analysis of the pathogenicity of QX and Mass-type IBV in the oviduct 4 days post infection. A1–D1 Different segments of oviduct in the control group. A2 Infundibulum of the QXL group, black arrows indicate macrophages and lymphocytes distributed in the connective tissue in the lamina propria, white arrows indicate the expansion of tubular glands. B2 Magnum of the QXL group, white arrows indicate the expansion of tubular glands. C2 Isthmus of the QXL group, black arrows indicate lymphocytes infiltrating the interstitium of the lamina propria. D2 Uterus of the QXL group, white arrows indicate interstitial dilation. C3 Isthmus of the M41 group, white arrows indicate the desquamation of epithelial cells. D3 Uterus of the M41 group, white arrows indicate the desquamation of epithelial cells. Scale bars: 50 μm. E, mucosal epithelium; L, lumen; LP, lamina propria
Changes in the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes and cytotoxic immunoreaction-related genes
To evaluate the degree of inflammation in each segment of the oviduct, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-2) was detected 4 and 8 days after infection. Expression of IL-6 was significantly higher in the QXL group than in the control group in the isthmus at 4 days and in the uterus 4 and 8 days after infection, whereas its expression was significantly lower in both the QXL and M41 groups than in the control group in the infundibulum and magnum at 4 days (Fig. 3A). The expression of IL-1β was significantly higher in the QXL group than in the control group in the magnum at 4 and 8 days, and in the isthmus and uterus at 4 days (Fig. 3B). The expression of IFN-γ was significantly higher in the QXL group than in the control group in the infundibulum and isthmus at 4 and 8 days, which was also in the uterus at 8 days (Fig. 3C). IL-2 expression was significantly higher in the QXL group than in the control group in the infundibulum and uterus at 8 days, and in the magnum and isthmus at 4 and 8 days (Fig. 3D).
Effects of QX and Mass-type IBV in different segments of the oviduct on mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes. A IL-6, B IL-1β, C IFN-γ and D IL-2. Values are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 3) of fold change in expression. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 represent significant differences between the infection groups and the control group. DPI, days post infection; SEM, standard error of the mean
Cytotoxic molecules (granzyme and perforin) and IFN-α were subsequently detected at 4 and 8 days after infection. IFN-α expression was significantly higher in the QXL group than in the control group in the infundibulum at 8 days and in the magnum at 4 days (Fig. 4A). Granzyme expression was significantly higher in the QXL group than in the control group in the infundibulum at 8 days, in the magnum at 4 days, and in the uterus at 4 and 8 days (Fig. 4B). The expression of perforin was significantly higher in the QXL group than in the control group in the magnum at 4 and 8 days, and in the uterus at 8 days (Fig. 4C). Moreover, the expression of granzyme and perforin in the isthmus was significantly lower in the QXL and M41 groups compared to the control group at 4 and 8 days (Fig. 4B, C).
Effects of QX and Mass-type IBV in different segments of the oviduct on mRNA expression of IFN-α (A), granzyme (B) and perforin (C). Values are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 3) of fold change in the expression. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 represent significant differences between the infection groups and the control group. DPI, days post infection; SEM, standard error of the mean
Changes in the expression of eggshell formation-related genes
To evaluate the expression of genes involved in eggshell formation, collagen type I and CaBP-D28K were detected in the isthmus and uterus, respectively. In the isthmus, the expression of type I collagen in the QXL group was significantly lower than that in the control group 8 days after infection (Fig. 5A). The expression of CaBP-D28K in the uterus of the QXL group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 4 and 8 days (Fig. 5B).
Effects of QX and Mass-type IBV in the isthmus and uterus on the mRNA expression of type I collagen (A) and CaBP-D28K (B). Values are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 3) of fold change in the expression. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 represent a significant difference between the infection groups and the control group. DPI, days post infection; SEM, standard error of the mean
Currently, QX is a major genotype of IBV in poultry flocks in Asia, Europe and other parts of the world, causing tremendous economic losses to the poultry industry [24, 25]. Several reports have illustrated the pathogenicity of different QX-type isolates in specific organs of young chickens [26, 27]. However, alterations of the oviduct after viral infection in laying phase are still unknown. In this study, we pioneered the analysis of the pathological effects of QX-type IBV on different segments of the layers' oviduct and compared them to the Mass-type reference strain M41.
Binding to the host cell is the first crucial step in a virus replication cycle [28]. A previous study confirmed that the QX strain could infect epithelial cells of the pullet's oviduct in vitro [29]. In this study, we found that both the QXL and M41 strains could infect the epithelial cells of the layers' oviduct; however, the QXL strain also infected the tubular glands on a large scale. This result suggests that the QXL strain can easily be released from the mucosal epithelium to the lamina propria, possibly via an unknown mechanism mediated by the QXL strain and not by the M41 strain. Previous reports have shown that QX-type IBV caused characteristic dilatation and serum-like fluid accumulation in the oviduct of young chickens, although few alterations were observed microscopically in this organ [10]. In the present study, the QXL strain caused severe injury to different segments of the layers' oviduct, including the expansion of tubular glands in the infundibulum and magnum, inflammatory cell infiltration in the infundibulum and isthmus, and interstitial dilation of the lamina propria in the uterus. This discrepancy might be caused by the different ages of the birds or by experimental conditions. In the M41 group, only desquamation of epithelial cells was observed in the isthmus and uterus. This result is consistent with a previous study showing that Mass-type IBV causes degeneration and desquamation of epithelial cells in oviduct-organ culture [30].
Generally, the host defends against intracellular viruses via classical inflammatory responses and antiviral immune responses, which are mediated by interferons (IFNs). IFN-γ is a key cytokine for Th1-controlled responses, which is essential for controlling intracellular pathogens [31]. IFN-γ can also cooperate with proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6, in the inflammatory response. Previous data demonstrated that infection with attenuated IBV upregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ [21]. The current results showed that in the QXL group, expression of IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 was increased approximately 2–30-fold above normal values, whereas IFN-γ demonstrated a much stronger increase, in some cases more than 500-fold above normal. In this study, macrophages were observed in the infundibulum of the oviduct in the QXL group, where the expression of IFN-γ was increased nearly 500-fold. Type I interferon is a hallmark of innate immune responses to pathogens, and can directly or indirectly act on natural kill (NK) cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), dendritic cells (DCs), and B cells to regulate adaptive immune responses [32]. The current results demonstrated that in the QXL group, the expression of IFN-α was elevated in the infundibulum and magnum. Furthermore, we also observed that the levels of granzyme and perforin were significantly increased in the oviduct of the QXL group, except for the isthmus. These data indicate that the QXL strain induces cell-mediated inflammatory responses driven by Th1 cells, subsequently recruiting macrophages, NK cells and other innate immune cells to secrete type I IFN and cytotoxic molecules for virus suppression. Excessive immune responses can also cause oviduct lesions. In the isthmus of the QXL group, however, neither IFN-α nor cytotoxic molecules were detected, and IHC results showed that the viral antigens were most widely distributed in the isthmus. These results suggest that the isthmus is more susceptible to the QXL strain than other segments of the oviduct are. In the M41 strain, expression of proinflammatory cytokines and antiviral molecules was not significantly altered. Thus, we speculate that the ability to induce innate immune responses may be related to viral pathogenicity. This was in agreement with a previous study [33].
Infection with IBV can affect the quality of eggs, such as soft shell eggs and sand shell eggs. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of genes involved in eggshell and eggshell membranes formation. Type I collagen is expressed in the isthmus, and the eggshell membrane forms during the passage of eggs through the oviduct [34]. Previous studies have shown that fibrous components are secreted by tubular glands of isthmus [35]. The current results showed that the expression of type I collagen was downregulated in the isthmus 8 days after challenge in the QXL group. Normally, the mRNA levels of CaBP-D28k in the uterus increases during eggshell calcification [36]. Insufficient calcium deposition is a crucial reason result in poor eggshell quality during the process of eggshell formation. Our results demonstrated that the expression of CaBP-D28k was significantly lower in the QXL group than in the control group at both 4 and 8 days after viral challenge. The decline in the synthesis of type I collagen and CaBP-D28K in the isthmus and uterus might be associated with the elevation of immune-related molecules. Therefore, the QXL strain may affect the formation of shell membranes and eggshells by inhibiting the synthesis of type I collagen and CaBP-D28k. These results also support the findings of Nii et al. [21], who showed that attenuated IBV could decrease the expression of type I collagen and CaBP-D28k.
The findings presented in this study may help improve the knowledge on QX-type IBV pathogenicity during the laying phase of chickens, and develop strategies to interfere with this infection. However, this study is primarily a description of the phenomenon, the pathogenesis of QX-type IBV to oviduct need the further study. Overall, our findings highlight the high pathogenicity of QX-type IBV to different segments of the oviduct in laying phase, which primarily manifests as marked pathological changes in the lamina propria and disordered expression of genes involved in eggshell and eggshell membranes formation.
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].
IBV:
Infectious bronchitis virus
SPF:
Specific-pathogen-free
EID50 :
Embryo infectious dose
IHC:
IOD:
Integrated optical density
IFNs:
Interleukin
NK:
Natural killer
CTLs:
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
DCs:
CaBP:
Calcium-binding protein
Cook JK, Jackwood M, Jones RC. The long view: 40 years of infectious bronchitis research. Avian Pathol. 2012;41(3):239–50.
Zhang X, Liao K, Chen S, Yan K, Du X, Zhang C, et al. Evaluation of the reproductive system development and egg-laying performance of hens infected with TW I-type infectious bronchitis virus. Vet Res. 2020;51(1):95.
Chhabra R, Chantrey J, Ganapathy K. Immune responses to virulent and vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis viruses in chickens. Viral Immunol. 2015;28(9):478–88.
Liu S, Kong X. A new genotype of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus circulating in vaccinated and non-vaccinated flocks in China. Avian Pathol. 2004;33(3):321–7.
Zhao W, Gao M, Xu Q, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Chen Y, et al. Origin and evolution of LX4 genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus in China. Vet Microbiol. 2017;198:9–16.
Lee H, Jeong S, Cho A, Kim K, Kim J, Park D, et al. Genomic analysis of avian infectious bronchitis viruses recently isolated in South Korea reveals multiple introductions of GI-19 Lineage (QX Genotype). Viruses. 2021;13(6).
Valastro V, Holmes E, Britton P, Fusaro A, Jackwood M, Cattoli G, et al. S1 gene-based phylogeny of infectious bronchitis virus: an attempt to harmonize virus classification. Vet Microbiol. 2016;39:349–64.
Shao L, Zhao J, Li L, Huang X, Yang H, Cheng J, et al. Pathogenic characteristics of a QX-like infectious bronchitis virus strain SD in chickens exposed at different ages and protective efficacy of combining live homologous and heterologous vaccination. Vet Res. 2020;51(1):86.
Zhong Q, Hu YX, Jin JH, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Zhang GZ. Pathogenicity of virulent infectious bronchitis virus isolate YN on hen ovary and oviduct. Vet Microbiol. 2016;193:100–5.
Benyeda Z, Mato T, Suveges T, Szabo E, Kardi V, Abonyi-Toth Z, et al. Comparison of the pathogenicity of QX-like, M41 and 793/B infectious bronchitis strains from different pathological conditions. Avian Pathol. 2009;38(6):449–56.
de Wit J, Nieuwenhuisen-van Wilgen J, Hoogkamer A, van de Sande H, Zuidam G, Fabri THF. Induction of cystic oviducts and protection against early challenge with infectious bronchitis virus serotype D388 (genotype QX) by maternally derived antibodies and by early vaccination. Avian Pathol. 2011;40(5):463–71.
Dolz R, Vergara-Alert J, Perez M, Pujols J, Majo N. New insights on infectious bronchitis virus pathogenesis: characterization of Italy 02 serotype in chicks and adult hens. Vet Microbiol. 2012;156(3–4):256–64.
Yan S, Liu X, Zhao J, Xu G, Zhao Y, Zhang G. Analysis of antigenicity and pathogenicity reveals major differences among QX-like infectious bronchitis viruses and other serotypes. Vet Microbiol. 2017;203:167–73.
Yukinori, Yoshimura, Animesh, Medicine BJAiE, Biology. Female Reproductive System and Immunology. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1001:33.
Johnson AL. Reproduction in the female. In: Whittow GC, editor. Avian physiology. 5th ed. London: Academic Press; 2000. p. 569–96.
Wong M, Hendrix M, Mark K, Little C, Stern R. Collagen in the egg shell membranes of the hen. Dev Biol. 1984;104(1):28–36.
Bar A. Calcium transport in strongly calcifying laying birds: mechanisms and regulation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2009;152(4):447–69.
Zhang X. Molecular epidemiology of infectious bronchitis virus in China between 2009 and 2011, and development of recombinant vaccine using Marek's disease virus as vector. 2012; Ph.D. Thesis, Yangzhou University. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Matumoto M. A note on some points of calculation method of LD50 by Reed and Muench. Jpn J Exp Med. 1949;20(2):175–9.
Du X, Zhao J, Guo M, Li M, Zhang C, Wu Y, et al. Preparation and identification of broadspectrum monoclonal antibody against N protein of infectious bronchitis virus. China Poultry. 2021;43(5):27–32 ((in Chinese with English abstract)).
Nii T, Isobe N, Yoshimura Y. Effects of avian infectious bronchitis virus antigen on eggshell formation and immunoreaction in hen oviduct. Theriogenology. 2014;81(8):1129–38.
Villanueva AI, Kulkarni RR, Sharif S. Synthetic double-stranded RNA oligonucleotides are immunostimulatory for chicken spleen cells. Dev Comp Immunol. 2011;35(1):28–34.
Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2001;25(4):402–8.
Hong S, Kwon H, Choi K, Kim J. Comparative genomics of QX-like infectious bronchitis viruses in Korea. Arch Virol. 2017;162(5):1237–50.
Franzo G, Tucciarone C, Blanco A, Nofrarías M, Biarnés M, Cortey M, et al. Effect of different vaccination strategies on IBV QX population dynamics and clinical outbreaks. Vaccine. 2016;34(46):5670–6.
Cheng J, Huo C, Zhao J, Liu T, Li X, Yan S, et al. Pathogenicity differences between QX-like and Mass-type infectious bronchitis viruses. Vet Microbiol. 2018;213:129–35.
Li S, Du L, Xia J, Du J, You G, Wen Y, et al. Antigenic and pathogenic characteristics of QX-type avian infectious bronchitis virus strains isolated in Southwestern China. Viruses. 2019;11(12):1154.
Wickramasinghe IN, de Vries RP, Grone A, de Haan CA, Verheije MH. Binding of avian coronavirus spike proteins to host factors reflects virus tropism and pathogenicity. J Virol. 2011;85(17):8903–12.
Mork AK, Hesse M, Abd El Rahman S, Rautenschlein S, Herrler G, Winter C. Differences in the tissue tropism to chicken oviduct epithelial cells between avian coronavirus IBV strains QX and B1648 are not related to the sialic acid binding properties of their spike proteins. Vet Res. 2014;45:67.
Pradhan H, Mohanty G, Rajya B. Comparative sensitivities of oviduct and tracheal organ cultures and chicken embryo kidney cell cultures to infectious bronchitis virus. Avian Dis. 1983;27(3):594–601.
Kaiser P, Stäheli P. Avian cytokines and chemokines. In: Karel AS, Pete K, Bernd K, editors. Avian immunology. Academic Press: London; 2014. p. 189–204.
Prchal M, Pilz A, Simma O, Lingnau K, Gabain AV, Strobl B, et al. Type I interferons as mediators of immune adjuvants for T- and B cell-dependent acquired immunity. Vaccine. 2009;27(supp-S6):G17–20.
Chhabra R, Kuchipudi S, Chantrey J, Ganapathy KJV. Pathogenicity and tissue tropism of infectious bronchitis virus is associated with elevated apoptosis and innate immune responses. Virology. 2016;488:232–41.
Ohashi H, Okamoto T, Yoshimura Y. Changes in the type I collagen mRNA expression in the isthmus during the passage of egg through the oviduct in Japanese Quail. J Poult Sci. 2003;40(4):267–73.
Draper MH, Davidson MF, Wyburn GM, Johnston HS. The fine structure of the fibrous membrane forming region of the isthmus of the oviduct of Gallus domesticus. Q J Exp Psychol. 1972;57:297–309.
Wasserman RH, Smith CA, Smith CM, Brindak ME, Fullmer CS, Krook L, et al. Immunohistochemical localization of a calcium pump and calbindin-D28k in the oviduct of the laying hen. Histochemistry. 1991;96:413–8.
We thank Dr. Xiaobo Wang of Yangzhou University for providing help during the histopathological examination.
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872496), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-40) and the Fund of the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).
Xiaorong Zhang and Kun Yan have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.
Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
Xiaorong Zhang, Kun Yan, Chengcheng Zhang, Mengjiao Guo, Shuqin Chen, Kai Liao & Yantao Wu
The International Joint Research Laboratory of Agricultural and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
Zongyi Bo, Yongzhong Cao & Yantao Wu
Xiaorong Zhang
Kun Yan
Chengcheng Zhang
Mengjiao Guo
Shuqin Chen
Kai Liao
Zongyi Bo
Yongzhong Cao
Yantao Wu
XZ and YW contributed to conception and design of the study. XZ and KY performed most of the experiments and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. KL and SC provided help during the experiments. CZ, MG, ZB and YC provided valuable suggestions on the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Yantao Wu.
Ethics approval and consent to participate statement
All animal experiments were performed according to established safety protocols and were approved by the Animal Welfare and Ethical Censor Committee at Yangzhou University (YZUDWLL-201904-003).
Anatomic structure of the oviduct. The red dotted box represents the sampling site.
Zhang, X., Yan, K., Zhang, C. et al. Pathogenicity comparison between QX-type and Mass-type infectious bronchitis virus to different segments of the oviducts in laying phase. Virol J 19, 62 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-022-01788-0
QX-type
Oviduct
Laying phase
Egg quality


text:
День освобождения () — ежегодно отмечаемый государственный праздник Нидерландов, день освобождения страны 5 мая 1945 года от нацистской оккупации.

Нидерланды были освобождены благодаря усилиям Первой армии Канады, а также британских, голландских, польских, чехословацких, американских, французских, бельгийских войсковых соединений. 5 мая командующий канадскими войсками генерал Чарльз Фоулкс договорился о капитуляции с командующим Вермахта Йоханнесом Бласковицем. День спустя документ был подписан.

Ранее день освобождения праздновался раз в 5 лет, а с 1990-го года стал ежегодным. Дню освобождения предшествует день поминовения павших 4 мая.

Праздники 5 мая
Национальные праздники
Праздники Нидерландов
Память о Второй мировой войне

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Overwatch's Lunar New Year Event has started! Here is the concept art I did for Hanzo's Huang Zhong skin, under Ben Zhang's art direction. The weapon was designed by Qiu Fang. It was an absolute pleasant experience working with the overwatch team. Glad it came out great! Cheers!
© 2019 Blizzard Entertainment Inc.


text:
Chris Soules Sued For Refusing To Pay Damages In Car Crash Before Fatal Hit-And-Run
Source: FameFlynet
May. 4 2017, Updated 4:48 p.m. ET
Chris Soules has asked the court to dismiss his fatal hit-and-run case, but that isn't the first time he's refused to take responsibility for his actions. In a lawsuit exclusively obtained by RadarOnline.com, The Bachelor star was sued for not paying the damages to a victim's car.
In court papers obtained from the District Court of the State of Iowa for Fayette County, plaintiff Justin Frederick sued Soules, then 15, for not paying damages during a car accident.
READ THE SHOCKING COURT DOCS!
"The plaintiff demands from you the amount of $406. 20 plus court costs based on damages to my car when the defendant hit it and the car was not in motion," Frederick's February 4, 1997, filing read.
He claims his car's front bumper cover and his combination lamp were damaged in the crash.
Soules, 35, fired back with a counterclaim on February 4, 1997, demanding Frederick pay him $605.44 "upon damages to vehicle owned by Gary Soules, a 1986 Buick Electra, damaged by the negligence of John Frederick."
The damages to Soules' father's car included repairing and refinishing the quarter outer panel and rear bumper cover, and more.
Soules also asked to dismiss Frederick's complaint against him.
The star of the hit TV series ended up losing in the end, as he was ordered to pay $242.63 with court costs and 10 percent interest on May 6, 1997.
As Radar reported, Soules rear-ended a tractor with his Chevy truck on April 24, 2017, killing Iowa farmer Kenneth Mosher, 66. After making a frantic 911 call, Soules left the scene and was arrested hours later at his home.
Although Soules' legal team claims the case should be dismissed because the 911 call proves he notified authorities, identified himself and attempted to save Mosher by conducting CPR, the State of Iowa claims Soules was under the influence when the accident occurred.
The State alleges Soules "did attempt to obfuscate the immediate facts and circumstances surrounding the accident, including a determination of his level of intoxication and an explanation of the empty and partially consumed open alcoholic beverages located in and around his vehicle that he was seen purchasing at a convenience store shortly before the accident."
An eyewitness during the incident exclusively told Radar that Soules smelled of alcohol when examined by paramedics.
"He didn't appear to be visibly stumbling, falling down, drunk or anything like that, but he definitely did smell of alcohol," the onlooker told Radar. "If you smell Wild Turkey liquor on someone it is very distinctive."
Do you think Soules will get jail time? Tell us in the comments!


Home / HDC News / Your Support Makes A Difference!
If you haven't already done so, please consider supporting the ministries of the Holland Deacons' Conference with a year-end contribution. Your contribution and continued financial support are more important than ever in light of certain challenges we have experienced in recent years (see earlier post for more info).
By making your secure online contribution today, your year-end gift will both help support our ministries and provide you with a 2017 tax-deductible charitable contribution. Thank you!


text:
Q: Boundedness of $\sum_{k=1}^n (-1)^{k-1}\sin(kx)$ How do I show that the series $\sum\limits_{k=1}^n (-1)^{k-1}\sin(kx)$ is bounded?
In other words:

Show that there exists a number $B$ such that $\left|\sum\limits_{k=1}^n (-1)^{k-1}\sin(kx)\right|\leq B$ for all $n\in\mathbb{N}$ and all $x\in I$, where $I$ is a compact interval of $\mathbb{R}$.

In the case of $\sum\limits_{k=1}^n\sin(kx)$ we can find a telescope sum which delivers a closed form but the $(-1)^{k-1}$ term prevents us from applying this telescope sum technique to this particular series. Maybe there is another approach?

A: $(-1)^k\sin(kx)$ is the imaginary part of $(-1)^k e^{kxi} = (-e^{xi})^k$, thus it's enough to show $|\sum_{k=1}^n (-e^{xi})^k| = |-e^{xi}\frac{1-(-e^{xi})^n}{1+e^{xi}}|= |\frac{1-(-e^{xi})^n}{1+e^{xi}}|$ is bounded.
Update: We can bound the above uniformly when $x$ is bounded away from $\pi$ (or rather $(2k+1)\pi$), so that $1+e^{xi}$ is bounded away from $0$.
I thought it sould be easy to bound the function around $\pi$, as the function is $0$ around $\pi$. It just occurred to me that this is actually false!
First we can establish the Fourier series expansion $\frac{x}{2} = \sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{k-1}\sin(kx)}{k}$ over the interval $[-\pi, \pi]$. By Dirichlet's theorem for the convergence of Fourier series, the equality holds for any $x\in (-\pi, \pi)$, while $x=\pi$, the series is obviously $0$. That is, we know the function defined by the series is not continuous over $I = [-\pi, \pi]$. If $\sum_{k=1}^\infty (-1)^{k-1}\sin(kx)$ is uniformly bounded over $I$, then by Dirichlet's test, $\sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{k-1}\sin(kx)}{k}$ converges uniformly on $I$, thus must be continuous.
So the correct statement should be

For any compact subset $I$ of $\mathbb{R}$ that doesn't include any odd multiple of $\pi$, there exists a number $B_I$ such that $\left|\sum\limits_{k=1}^n (-1)^{k-1}\sin(kx)\right|\leq B_I$ for all $n\in\mathbb{N}$ and all $x\in I$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Toast to Max and a new Syrah at St. Francis Winery
By Celia Strong
We're off to Sonoma County in California this week. And, actually, to a winery we've looked at a long time ago. But, it's a new wine and it is yum yum.
The winery is St. Francis. For more than 35 years, St. Francis has produced wines in Sonoma from mountain and valley vineyards that are bold flavored and fruit forward and represent the soils and climates that they come from. St. Francis began it journey in 1971, in the Sonoma town of Kenwood. A San Franciscan businessman, Joe Martin, and his wife, Emma, bought 100 acres known as the Behler Ranch. In 1979, after growing and selling their grapes to local wineries, they decided, along with a partner Lloyd Canton, to build their own winery. St. Francis Winery was established and christened after St. Francis of Assisi, in recognition of the saint's role as a protector of the natural world and in acknowledgment of the Franciscan order, thought to have been responsible for the beginning of European grape growing in the New World. In 1999, St. Francis built and moved into a new facility about one mile from their original winery.
Then, in 2001, their Visitors Center was finished and the next step of their vision was complete. The Visitors Center looks out over Wild Oak Vineyard (one of their best land holdings) and offers three separate tasting bars, a beautiful slate patio with panoramic views of many surrounding vineyards, gardens full of lavender and other herbs and plants and vistas of Sonoma Valley behind all of this. If you've never visited St. Francis, this is why they built the Visitors Center and it is one of two reasons you should go. (The other reason is their wines, duh.)
Like many other wineries, in this country and around the world, "going green" is a coming trend for health, quality and environmental reasons. As the President of St. Francis says, "We continue to enjoy tremendous success by focusing on Sonoma County where we grow 100% of our grapes. With success comes responsibility to future generations who will live and work here as well. Engaging in green practices is the right thing to do, which makes it the right way to run a business."
All that sounds good but I, at least, found this list of what that means at St. Francis very interesting. I hope you do too: in 2004, St. Francis installed a 457 kilowatt solar electrical system on their roof in order to conserve the equivalent of 32,000 barrels of oil, 14.5 million pounds of coal or 190 million cubic feet of Natural Gas; also in 2004 they retrofitted the lighting in the winery switching to energy efficient T5 fixtures with 221 motion sensors and saved 55% in energy usage; maintenance crews use electric carts on the property; night air is "trapped" among the stored cases and barrels to keep them cool; winery water is cleaned naturally to irrigate the 120 acres of vineyards on the Wild Oak site; all winery refuse goes to the county transfer station where it is sorted for Single Stream Recycling; all paper waste is picked up by local businesses, shredded on site and recycled locally; glass bottles are 100% recyclable and can be recycled endlessly without any loss in purity or quality; St. Francis is committed to using a minimum of 50% recycled material; the 2009 Farm Plan was established to move towards practicing sustainability to enhance vineyards and make the wines better; the slate used on the walls of the winery and the Visitors Center, and the slate used for drainage areas, was naturally sourced from the Wild Oak vineyard; the metal roof structures for the Winery and storage buildings were built with 70% recycled steel. And, that's not the whole list, but it does show their level of commitment. (In 2009, St. Francis Winery received the "Best Practices Award" from the Sonoma County Business Environmental Alliance.) And, if they're that committed to their green policies, just think how that moves over to their wine making.
One more second, though, before we go to the wine. There is another award that St. Francis Winery has won recently — the 2011 Winery Dog of the Year, For any of us who have visited wineries in California, and Sonoma especially, a dog or two is almost expected as part of your greeting when you arrive. Max, at St. Francis, is a 7-year-old Goldendoodle. (That means cream colored, soft, curly, couple-inch long hair and a great disposition for all the petting and attention he gets.) Congratulations, Max!
Finally, now, our wine. Get your glass ready because this one is new and wonderful. It's the St.. Francis Syrah. Holy cow! This wine is such a treat. All of St.. Francis' wines are smooth and juicy textured in your mouth. This one is so juicy it makes my mouth water. Plus the juicy texture lingers on you tongue and holds the flavors there so it never leaves you. You may realize by now how I like to sip my way through a couple of glasses and see how the wine does — how it lingers, how it changes, how I change with it, the whole show. The more I ooh and ah going through the couple of glasses the more I like the wine. First glass of this wine I run though flavors of chocolate and baking spices like cinnamon, clove and nutmeg, second glass I pick up more fruit flavors like blackberries, intense dark strawberries and then white pepper and cocoa. Yum, yum. This wine would be lovely with grilled salmon and tuna, roasted chicken, Wednesday night meatloaf, a bath on Saturday night, you get the idea. St.. Francis Winery this month recommends sauteed mushrooms over herbed goat cheese polenta, or grits to us. Yum. Let's not forget to talk about the price also. This wine is somewhere between $19 and $22 retail. Unless, of course, you shop well, then it's $13.99. (Yep, another one of our deals.) So, for $13,99, we can all enjoy another great wine. And, don't forget to toast Max. Enjoy!
The last goodbye: Remembrances
It's hard to beat the fresh selection of proteins at Islands Meat Market
Latest from Wine
I Am Where I Come From
Celia Strong We are all products of our environments. City or country. Big family or small.
Forgotten and Under Appreciated
By Celia Strong Imagine being a wine, unique and different from most other wines, and almost
From the Tuscany of Germany
By Celia Strong As we head toward spring, many of our thoughts turn to new and
Melons From Burgundy
By Celia Strong Some wines just have the best stories to go with them, and sometimes
High Silver Terrazas
By Celia Strong Argentina is the fifth-largest wine producing country in the world, behind Italy, France,


Whether you are currently doing business with China or considering an expansion, human resources will be essential to your success. This article is intended to provide an overview of laws and regulations that differ in many important respects from those of the United States and other countries where you may be doing business.
File hiring-related notices with relevant government bureaus.
Record and maintain personnel files of employees.
Contribute to employees' social benefits and housing funds.
Standard working hours are eight hours per day, or 40 per week.
Eight working hours per day or 40 per week on average.
Eligibility for certain industries specified by Chinese labor law, e.g., staff in transportation, railway, shipping, etc.
Whether you are currently doing business with China or considering an expansion, human resources will be essential to your success.
Flexible working hour system requires employers to obtain pre-approval from the local labor administrative department. In this arrangement, there is no limit on working hours. It is applicable to certain positions specificed by Chinese labor law, for example, drivers.
Salaries comprise a base salary (calculated on a monthly basis), overtime, incentives and bonuses (calculated monthly/quarterly/annually), allowances, and social benefits, including social insurance and the housing fund.
Additional compensation includes salary paid during a probation period, which can't be less than 80% of the salary after the probation period, and compensation for overtime work, which can be 1.5 to 3 times the normal salary, depending on the OT (e.g., OT on weekdays, weekends and public holidays) by the end of 2017.
Taxes, social insurance and housing funds have different tax rates depending on the employee's salary.
The social insurance base and housing fund base are adjusted by the government in Shanghai every year in April and July. The responsibility of the company and the individual is different in different cities and may be adjusted by the government.
Induction and termination. Upon hiring, companies must register Chinese employees through the employer's company account in the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MOHRSS). MOHRSS is a ministry under the State Council which is responsible for national labor policy standards, regulations — and managing the national social security system. It is thus responsible for labor force management, labor relations, social insurance management and legal construction of labor.
Foreign employees must acquire employment and resident permits from MOHRSS and the Entry and Exit Administration of Ministry of Public Security.
Employees can be terminated during probation. According to Chinese labor law, if the term of a labor contract is not less than three months but less than one year, the probation period shall not exceed one month.
If the term of a labor contract is not less than one year but less than three years, the probation period shall not exceed two months. For a labor contract with a fixed term of three years or more or without a fixed term, the probation term shall not exceed six months. During probation, three days' written notice is required for termination. After probation, 30 days' written notice is required. Chinese employees will be deregistered with the Labor Authority. The employment and resident permits of foreign employees will be cancelled upon termination.
Employment contract and staff handbook. In China, the employment contract creates legal rights and obligations at law on terms subject to Chinese labor law. Contracts apply to individual employees.
The staff handbook outlines policies and procedures that should be followed by all employees. The handbook signed by the employees has legal effect as long as the terms do not conflict with Chinese laws/regulations.
Marriage leave is compulsory and can last 3–10 days.
Maternity leave is granted to men for 10 days and to women for 128 days (Shanghai) and is compulsory.
Sick leave is partially paid (e.g., 60%–80% subject to the years of working) and is not compulsory.
In China, the employment contract creates legal rights and obligations at law on terms subject to Chinese labor law.


Pdt of the UN General Assembly @mfespinosaEC received FM Jorge Arreaza who gave her a communication denouncing the effects of the illegal & criminal blockade imposed by the US govt against Venezuela.
FM Jorge Arreaza #Denounces "pressure on private banking to prevent it from working with Venezuela. It's a cruel & criminal aggression"


The increasing complexity and scale of cloud computing environments due to widespread data centre heterogeneity makes measurement-based evaluations highly difficult to achieve. Therefore the use of simulation tools to support decision making in cloud computing environments to cope with this problem…The increasing complexity and scale of cloud computing environments due to widespread data centre heterogeneity makes measurement-based evaluations highly difficult to achieve. Therefore the use of simulation tools to support decision making in cloud computing environments to cope with this problem is an increasing trend. However the data required in order to model cloud computing environments with an appropriate degree of accuracy is typically large, very difficult to collect without some form of automation, often not available in a suitable format and a time consuming process if done manually. In this research, an automated method for cloud computing topology definition, data collection and model creation activities is presented, within the context of a suite of tools that have been developed and integrated to support these activities.
Developing for wireless sensor networks is a challenging task due to the severe resource constraints of the devices, the uncertainties of the environment, and the distributed nature of the system. Therefore, simulation is an essential tool for developing systems and for evaluating and comparing pro…Developing for wireless sensor networks is a challenging task due to the severe resource constraints of the devices, the uncertainties of the environment, and the distributed nature of the system. Therefore, simulation is an essential tool for developing systems and for evaluating and comparing protocols at scale in a reproducible manner. Cycle-accurate emulation of sensor networks allows the execution of platform target code and provides deep insight into the behavior of the overall system including the important aspect of energy consumption. However, the required fidelity incurs a significant overhead and limits the size of the emulated networks considerably. We investigate the use of binary-to-source translation, where the machine code of an executable for the target platform is transformed to source code for the host platform and compiled as part of the emulator. Additionally, as part of this transformation we perform static analysis and optimize the generated code. We have implemented our approach based on the well-established emulator Avrora and show in our evaluation that this approach can lead to significantly higher simulation speeds.
This paper describes a novel BSN-based integrated system for detecting, monitoring, and securely recording human physical activities using wearable sensors, a personal mobile device, and a Cloud-computing infrastructure supported by the BodyCloud platform. An integration with a smart-wheelchair sys…This paper describes a novel BSN-based integrated system for detecting, monitoring, and securely recording human physical activities using wearable sensors, a personal mobile device, and a Cloud-computing infrastructure supported by the BodyCloud platform. An integration with a smart-wheelchair system is also presented. BSNs are a key enabling technology for the revolution of personal-health services and their integration with Cloud infrastructure can effectively supports the diffusion of such services in our daily life. Many of these personal-health systems - regardless of their final aim - are based, use or are supported by contextual information on user's physical activity (body posture, movement or action) being performed. This work, hence, aims at providing a basic physical activity service that is capable of supporting personal, mobile-Health applications with real-time activity recognition and labeling both on the personal mobile device and on the Cloud.
Recent developments in wireless communication inflate a new area of research named as Wireless Body Area Networks. WBANs enhance the concept of virtual hospital with the help of cloud computing (CC) technology. Still numerous technical challenges could be found to integrate Cloud Computing (CC) and…Recent developments in wireless communication inflate a new area of research named as Wireless Body Area Networks. WBANs enhance the concept of virtual hospital with the help of cloud computing (CC) technology. Still numerous technical challenges could be found to integrate Cloud Computing (CC) and WBANs. From networking perspective, Software Defined Networking (SDN) becomes popular for its centralized nature to manage complex network infrastructure. In this paper, the concept of cloud enabled virtual hospital architecture based on software defined networking has been proposed and studied for wireless body area networks. This paper highlights a new, simplified architecture for virtual hospital concepts harnessing the benefits of software defined networking to mitigate the complexity of cloud architecture and its integration with WBAN.
Elasticity is a key property of cloud computing environments and one of the features which distinguishes this paradigm from other ones. An elasticity metric could be used to define and to monitor Service Level Agreements (SLAs), to compare and to benchmark different cloud providers or to improve pr…Elasticity is a key property of cloud computing environments and one of the features which distinguishes this paradigm from other ones. An elasticity metric could be used to define and to monitor Service Level Agreements (SLAs), to compare and to benchmark different cloud providers or to improve provisioning and management decisions in real time if it could be measured with some simple procedure, to mention only some examples. Unfortunately, there are not still standard elasticity metrics capable of easily capturing its main components or aspects, these are, scalability, accuracy, time and cost. This work defines a new elasticity metric for cloud computing environments which not only captures these four essential components but also provides a simple procedure to analyse elasticity in cloud contexts. The obtained experimental results on a real cloud environment evidence that this new elasticity metric is able to quantify the degree of elasticity obtained in different cloud scenarios and to establish interesting comparisons and analysis.
The EAI Endorsed Transactions on Cloud System (ToCS) is an international venue for publishing innovative and cutting edge results on the convergence of next-generation technologies and methodologies reshaping our way of living. The emerging converged platform for growth and innovation is built on four technology pillars: mobile computing, cloud services, big data and analytics, and social networking. Researchers and practitioners involved in cloud systems can publish information on theory, engineering principles, enabling technologies, and practical experiences related to cloud systems. ToCS will offer an end-to-end view on the challenges and technologies in cloud systems, foster research that addresses the interaction between and across the different technology pillars, and ultimately help shape the future of cloud systems as they transform business and society.


You are seconds away from building a great CV. Start now and give your job hunt a boost!
Why should I choose Wozber to build my CV?
Wozber focuses on the things that drive a recruiter's decision: content and quality. We offer you a simple process for writing a high-quality CV with a cover letter, while targeting them to your chosen job positions and styling your resume without sacrificing its readability. You will enjoy the simplicity and our virtual CV expert, the Wozber Guide, will provide you all the needed help along the way.
In which languages can I create my CV?
You can create your CV in one of the following languages: Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Malay, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish. The support for more languages is coming soon.
How many different CVs and cover letters can I create?
You can create an unlimited number of CVs and cover letters.
How many times can I download my CV?
You can download your CV an unlimited number of times, even after your access to our premium services has expired.
Can I add a custom info block on my CV?
At the moment, it's not possible. We recommend that you stick with the standard blocks of information so that the person reading your CV would know where to look to find the needed data. Conventional content is also necessary to help applicant tracking systems parse your content correctly.
Which information can I include on my CV?
We have gathered the best industry practices of what to include and what to leave out so that your CV has the highest chances of success. You create your CV using personal information, experience, education, certificates, skills, and languages.
At the moment, you can only change the language of the content headings. We use well-known titles to optimise your CV so that it would be easy to navigate through it and be easy to parse by candidate filtering software.
Can I change my CV's layout and move my content around?
We are confident about what the CV's layout should look like to achieve the best readability. Wozber keeps your CV safe from unwanted layout mistakes and does layout management automatically based on the length of your written content. Auto-positioning makes CV writing an effortless experience as well since you don't need to worry about the right positioning and spacing at all. Custom layout options are coming soon.
Can I download my CV as a .doc file?
At the moment, you can download your CV only in PDF format. It makes the output the highest quality possible.


The Music Ministry here at Harvest is a ministry for worshipers and servants unto our Savior, Jesus Christ. We are here to worship Him and Him alone. Haley Jo's passion is to teach and lead the children of God, through the art of music, to worship the King of Kings and to come humbly into His Presence. All in all, she is fulfilling the calling God has placed in her heart, to raise up a generation of world changers and world shakers for His Glory.


Silver, bronze and carnelian heart has been textured using a rolling mill and stamps. The reverse side is silver with bronze "arteries". On 22″ silver elongated box chain with toggle closure.
This entry was posted on January 29, 2018 by Anita DiPietro.


text:
MatHem.se takes Thermo King for online grocery
Stockholm, Sweden: MatHem.se, Sweden's largest online food store, has upgraded its home delivery fleet with 30 vehicles, all with Thermo King's electric E-200 multi temperature fridges.
MatHem owns the entire distribution chain from order and warehouse to refrigerated vehicles delivering to customers' door. The new fleet allows MatHem.se to guarantee an unbroken cold chain from the warehouse to the customers' doorstep.
MatHem.se needed two cooling zones in the vehicle – one for cooled and one for frozen – and remove the heavy standalone freezer they had used before to transport frozen goods.
They were also looking for an environmentally sustainable way to keep the fridge operating when the vehicle was stationary. Thermo King E-200 unit has an additional battery pack that meets this requirement.
"Sustainability and reduction of our environmental impact is reflected in everything we do, including our delivery operations," said Frederik Engelfeldt, chief distribution officer, MatHem.se.
"We guarantee to our customers that we will keep their food at the right temperature at all times until it reaches their home. An efficient delivery fleet is vital for this commitment and we're happy to see that the Thermo King solution lives up to its promise. We now not only have more cargo space but the hold over feature keeps the groceries safe at all times during the route minimizing the risk of food waste. This feature also increases the sustainability of our operations as the driver can turn the engine off during stops to reduce fuel consumption and emissions."
"The E-200 represents the next generation of fully electric refrigeration units and is the latest addition to our growing portfolio of non-diesel solutions. It allows our customers to move foods and goods safely with zero-emission, low noise and maximum convenience for the people in cities," said Johan Green, account manager Thermo King Sweden. "We take pride in our expertise and reputation for collaborating with our customers and industry leaders to bring in new technologies. We're very pleased with the positive feedback from MatHem.se following the real life operations and believe that Thermo King solutions will help them keep their customers happy, increase their profitability and lower their environmental footprint."
The multi-temperature set up of the E-200 units allowed MatHem.se to save approximately 80 kilograms when compared to the previous fleet configuration featuring a standalone freezer. This directly translates to fuel savings and increased cargo space in the vehicle. The hold-over capacity is secured thanks to the additional battery pack, fully independent from the vehicle, which can power the unit during stops for deliveries or breaks. This gives the driver the peace of mind and flexibility to stop at any time without the need to keep the vehicle running on idle to keep the transported goods cooled.
Unlike typical direct drive solutions designed for diesel combustion engines, E-200 delivers constant capacity independently from the vehicles' engines and associated moving parts, and can work with both electric and engine-powered vehicles. With no road compressor or drive kit, the E-200 is a plug and play solution and features patented power management, which contributes to lower energy consumption, increased vehicle autonomy and higher efficiency and reliability. The unit is also compatible with vehicle's start-stop features contributing to additional fuel savings.
Being fully-electric, the E-200 allows the vehicles to comply with Piek standards and urban vehicle access regulations for sound levels in urban environments, and enables them to enter low emission zones, and run quiet to complete nighttime deliveries.
Thermo King: www.thermoking.com
Mathem.se: http://www.mathem.se


text:
Escape with Stevenson
Who won't seriously fall in love with Stevenson? No writer has excited me as much as he did with his eerie tale of the Treasure Island. His choice and blending of words lifted me away awhile from my mundane life as I explore the perils and pleasures of pirates' adventures.
Jim was a perfect pick in detailing the dangers, and delights of treasure-hunting. Varied villains with marks so distinct would enchant you as much, or even more than, the young protagonist (Jim). Yet, was the buried treasure real? Did anyone ever succeed finding it?
I'd let the lines from the book speak for Stevenson's flawless prose.
"Then followed a battle of looks between them; but the captain soon knuckled under, put up his weapon, and resumed his seat, grumbling like a beaten dog."
"People were frightened at the time, but on looking back they rather liked it; it was a fine excitement in a quiet country life; and there was even a party of the younger men who pretended to admire him, calling him a "true sea-dog," and a "real old salt," and such like names, and saying there was the sort of man that made England terrible at sea."
"It is a curious thing to understand, for I had certainly never liked the man, though of late I had begun to pity him, but as soon as I saw that he was dead I burst into a flood of tears. It was the second death I had known, and the sorrow of the first was still fresh in my heart."
"But my mother, frightened as she was, would not consent to take a fraction more than was due to her, and was obstinately unwilling to be content with less."
"Then there followed a great to-do through all our old inn, heavy feet pounding to and fro, furniture all thrown over, doors kicked in, until the very rocks re-echoed, and the men came out again, one after another, on the road, and declared that we were nowhere to be found. "
"Watch him as we pleased, we could do nothing to solve it, and when we asked him to his face, he would only laugh, if he were drunk, and if he were sober, deny solemnly that he ever tasted anything but water."
"At last, seeing the ship still bore on her course, and was now swiftly drawing out of earshot, one of them—I know not which it was—leaped to his feet with a hoarse cry, whipped his musket to his shoulder, and sent a shot whistling over
Silver's head and through the mainsail."
I could go on and on quoting each sentence Stevenson crafts. His tongue (or pen),indeed, is strikingly beautiful. A buried classic worth digging twice.
Personal, Pirate Tales, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island
Top 10 Challenges of Online English Teaching
Crushed No More


text:
Tom Barnes & Barnes Chair
Maple Leaf Society
Barnes Lecture
Funding and Visitors
Hildebrand Research Fellowship
Rita Ross Undergraduate Prize
John A. Sproul Research Fellowship
Fulbright Visiting Research Chair
Canada in the Classroom
Current Research Fellows
Emeritus Affiliate
Linda Morra
Scholar's website
Linda Morra is a Professor of English at Bishop's University. Dr. Linda M. Morra is working on research related to Jane Rule (1931-2007). Novelist, short story writer, essayist, activist, and contributor to the queer liberation periodical, The Body Politic (1971-1987), Rule made an enormous contribution to the literary and socio-cultural production of, and enlargement of space for, the queer community during her lifetime. This research grew out of her most recent book,Unarrested Archives: Case Studies in Twentieth-Century Women's Authorship, which recalibrates current scholarly perspectives on Canadian women writers' agencies in the twentieth century by historicizing the emergence of the notion of unhindered female authorship and by examining how their literary archives came to be forged within, against, or outside centralized repositories of official records. She is also editing a volume of essays, forthcoming in 2016, titled Moving Archives, in which contributors assess the affective, digital, and contextual processes that affect how archives are shaped and change shape over time.
Dr. Morra joins the Canadian Studies Program for the 2016 Spring semester as a John A. Sproul Research Fellow.
CANADIAN STUDIES PROGRAM
Email: canada@berkeley.edu
Canadian Studies is located within
the Institute of International Studies
213 Moses Hall
Berkeley, CA 94720-2308 USA
© Copyright: The Regents of the University of California. All Rights Reserved


text:
The Top 25 Cigars of 2016 (6-10)
Author: Erik Calvino
Scroll to the bottom of this list for links to the rest of our Top 25 rankings.
6. Oliva Serie V
Manufacturer: Tabacalera Oliva S.A. (Nicaragua)
Wrapper: Nicaragua; Binder: Nicaragua; Filler: Nicaragua
Vitola: Torpedo; Physical size: 6 x 56
Oliva was bought by a Belgian cigarmaker called J. Cortes in 2016. That said, there's little reason to think that the transition will result in very much change to the quality and consistency of Oliva's premium products; J. Cortes is better known as a producer of machine-made cigars and José Oliva remains at the helm of the Oliva brand.
The Serie V Torpedo has been earning high praise for years, and the cigar still wows us every time we taste it. It's strong, flavorful, balanced, and flawlessly constructed.
7. Camacho Powerband
Manufacturer: Occidental Cigars Corporate, Inc. (Dominican Republic)
Wrapper: Ecuador; Binder: Mexico; Filler: Nicaragua, Honduras
Vitola: Gordo; Physical size: 6 x 60
This cigar launched as so many other Camacho products do — with a blowout cross-country promotional tour — and it's been holding steady in popularity since. The second product in the brand's Master-Built Series, Powerband's name comes from the motorcycle world. It refers to the range of speeds at which a bike's engine operates at top efficiency. The cigar itself is built a little differently — the bunching method combines the traditional Cuban entubado method with the more typically Dominican accordion style.
Whether that makes the cigar any more "efficient" is anyone's guess, but we do know this cigar smokes like a dream.
8. Herrera Estelí
Manufacturer: La Gran Fabrica Drew Estate (Nicaragua)
Wrapper: Ecuador; Binder: Honduras; Filler: Nicaragua
Vitola: Piramide Fino; Physical size: 6 x 52
Willy Herrera has been a hitmaker since he joined Drew Estate and — not long after — became the company's master blender. This was the first Drew Estate brand to bear his name and it's a reflection of his classic Cuban cigar sensibilities and remains a favorite of our tasting panel every time we put it to the test.
Drew Estate's acquisition by Swisher seems not to have impacted the brand's commitment to innovating in the premium space. Here's hoping that FDA regulation doesn't suppress Willy's ability to showcase his creativity for too long. As accomplished as he is, his work at Drew Estate has still shown tons of promise and gives us lots of cause for excitement.
9. Rocky Patel Special Edition
Manufacturer: TAVICUSA (Nicaragua)
Wrapper: Undisclosed; Binder: Nicaragua; Filler: Nicaragua
Vitola: Robusto; Physical size: 5 1/2 x 50
If you follow cigar product releases at all, you know that Rocky Patel is known for being among the most prolific product-releasers in the game. He is to cigar making what a foodie chef is to cooking — always creating, always on the hunt for whatever will excite him and, ideally, his smokers next.
So when Rocky goes out of his way to call something "special," you should be paying attention. The cigar is a brick-and-mortar exclusive, so you can't find it online. It's got coffee, caramel and chocolate notes that are big on flavor while steering clear of high-intensity smoke. You'll feel this one, but you'll want to light another.
10. Sindicato Particulares
Manufacturer: Tabacos Valle de Jalapa (Nicaragua)
Vitola: Delicioso; Physical size: 6 x 54
Sindicato made big waves in the cigar industry when it burst onto the scene. The company is unique in that it's the brainchild of a number of tobacconists, and the ownership group includes even more cigar store owners who were looking for a way to create a brick-and-mortar-only brand for themselves.
It didn't take Sindicato very long to prove that its products deserve to be taken seriously, and Particulares — which, unlike many of their other products, sports classically Cuban-style packaging — represents the culmination of those tobacconists' hard work. With this collaboration with Casa Fernandez, Sindicato has added a brand to its portfolio that not only brought the company into the Cigar Snob Top 25 for the first time, but broke the top 10.
Check out the rest of our 2016 list
Cigars 21-25
Cigars 6-10
Cigars 1-5
Tags: Camacho, Cigars, Drew Estate, Herrera Estelí, Oliva, Rocky Patel, Sindicato, Top 25, Top 25 of 2016
Erik Calvino


2 arc welders - old but work perfectly - please ask me for details - one is �30 (blue one) the other �40. With all leads & electrode holders.
And an Axminster swivel head metal cutting bandsaw �160. Hardly used since new.
Would either welder come with a half hour idiots guide on how to stick two bits of metal together? I've twenty jobs that need a quick gluing but I wouldn't know where to start.
half an hour will provide the basics and a couple of hours practice on scrap when you get it home will provide the dexterity.
specialist stuff like cast iron and pressure vessels is a whole world of learning but the usual blacksmithing and coachwork stuff is well within the scope of the average diy skills.
mask and gloves are essential as uv burns sting apart from those all the extras you need are a couple of files, an angle grinder and a welders pick to bash off slag.
as to dexterity if you can write your name in icing you can stick weld.
It is not too hard to weld securely, but it is fairly hard to weld neatly.
It's the idiots guide I was after. What to set any dials to. What to clamp to what. What cable goes where.
Not about to start repairing the church bells or the local submarine. I just have some gates, implements and such that want gluing.
3 cables with the welder,one is electrode holder,one is mains electric plug and the other is the earth cable,attach earth to the piece your welding,make sure it has a good earth,clean with grinder first.
Regarding dials,that was the hardest part I found when first tried to weld,depending on what your welding,thickness of metal,thin metal with welder turned to high will burn through,thick metal with welder not turned up enough gives a weak weld.
Practice on scrap you`ll soon get the hang of it.
That's the plan, once I've had the first five minutes under guidance. I can't damage the stuff I want to weld much. It's pretty shagged anyway.
Get yourself a magic visor: the sort that go dark by themselves. They make it all so much easier.
Yes. My eyes are already fragile and I am aware of their preciousness. That would be money well spent I think.
You'll also need a safe electric supply.
If one kettle gave you grief, imagine what several kettles could do.
I don't know if the magic ones actually protect you any better, but they do make it a damn site easier to see.
Hush. The kettle got corroded and shorted. The rcd tripped doing its job. New kettle, no problems.
I'm thinking they make it much easier to see during the bright and dark phases and less likely to forget to put it on.
sorry guys for not picking up this...We lost the sale on our house and its been stressy.
Welders are still available - one hours free tuition with any welder.
The metal cutting bandsaw is sold.


text:
Gyula Gömbös de Jákfa (26 de dezembro de 1886 – 6 de outubro de 1936) foi um militar e político de ideologia Conservadora Húngaro que serviu como Primeiro Ministro da Hungria de 01 de outubro de 1932 até sua morte em 6 de Outubro de 1936.
Major-General do Exército Húngaro e combatente da Primeira Guerra Mundial, fundou uma importante Associação de Veteranos de guerra em novembro de 1918. Importante figura da Contrarrevolução Húngara, ficou conhecido por suas medidas de tendências ditatoriais.

Um dos primeiros e mais importantes defensores da implantação do Fascismo em Hungria, ele foi relegado politicamente pela elite conservadora entre 1923 e 1928. Nesta data, ele retornou ao governo, primeiro como Secretário de Estado e mais tarde como Ministro de Defesa.

Em 1932, ele foi nomeado Primeiro Ministro. Grande admirador do Terceiro Reich e da Itália Fascista, não conseguiu arrebatar o poder completamente aos conservadores. Faleceu em 1936, antes do fim de seu mandato.

Biografia
Nascido na aldeia de Tolna County em Murga —Então parte do Império Áustro-Húngaro— que tinha uma população fortemente miscigenada entre Húngaros e Germânicos. Filho de agricultores Suabos (Alemães Húngaros) —Seu sobrenome original era Knöpfle e sua mãe não falava húngaro—. Gömbös entrou para o Exército austro-húngaro como cadete em Pécs e rapidamente se tornou um membro do corpo de oficiais, servindo como capitão durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial. A família pertencia a Igreja Evangélica Húngara.

De origem relativamente humilde, hostil aos grandes negócios e a alta nobreza, assumiu, no entanto, um título aristocrático, fictício. O extremo anti-judaísmo, espalhado entre as minorias alemães da região, a defesa de uma justiça social moderada, um intenso chauvinismo romântico e hostilidades para com a classe dominante marcaram sua visão política.

Pós guerra e relações com o Regente

Enquanto no exército, Gömbös tornou-se um acérrimo defensor da Separação Húngria-Áustria e um amargo crítico dos Habsburgos. Após o fim da Primeira Guerra Mundial e a Hungria separar-se da Áustria, Gömbös juntou forças húngaras conservadoras em Szeged que não estavam dispostos a apoiar o comunista de Béla Kun, que havia tomado o controle da Hungria na primavera de 1919. Suas manifestações de ideologias ultradireitistas e anti-judaicas levaram a sua expulsão do Exército Republicano. Juntando forças militares para o Comité Antibolchevique, Gömbös tornou-se um aliado próximo do Conde Esteban Bethlen e de Miklós Horthy, o líder do governo anti-comunista em Szeged, e desempenhou um papel de liderança na organização exército de Horthy. Para seus serviços, Gömbös foi nomeado vice-ministro da Defesa no governo Szeged. Principal figura do Fascismo Conservador Húngaro, Gömbös, de notável visão política, adotou o adjetivo de Nacional Socialista antes de Hitler e, como defendido no início de 1920, pela aliança Roma-Berlim. Oposto ao Capitalismo Liberal e ao Comunismo —Ambos Judeus em sua opinião—, promoveu a criação de uma «internacional nacionalista».

Em 12 de Julho de 1919, foi destituído de seu posto na mudança de governo que levou ao gabinete Dezső Pattantyús-Ábrahám, mais aceitavel para França por ser mais moderado. Pouco antes tinha tentado chegar a um acordo com os liberais moderados, que falhou, precipitando a mudança de governo. Ainda em julho, formou sua própria organização secreta de ultradireita, que de «os doze capitães», formado por jovens oficiais perto de Horthy, dos quais estavam na casa das centenas a época.

Gömbös presidiu desde 19 de janeiro de 1919, também um grupo paramilitar, a Associação para a Defesa Nacional Húngaro (húngaro: Magyar Országos Véderő Egylet, ou MOVE), 15 de novembro, composto por veteranos de guerra e criado em Novembro de 1918 {Harvnp|Bodo|2004|p=159}} que os agentes Horthy incentivados a participar no final de 1919 a organização teve influência significativa sobre o período contrarrevolucinario e foi uma das primeiras organizações fascistas européias. Outro co-fundador foi o capitão Pál Prónay, famoso por acaudillar o principal descolamento paramilitar do período contra-revolucionário, com quem permaneceu, no entanto, tensas realções. Gömbös tentou em vão usar, para destruir o governo revolucionário de Mihály Károlyi no início de 1919, a criação de uma rede nacional de oficiais opostos a ele. Em 22 de febrero de 1919 foi proibido junto com o Partido Comunista Húngaro e Gömbös fugiu à Viena três dias mais tarde. Não voltou a reunir um grupo de contrarrevolucionarios. Mesmo assim, defendeu uma política diferente dos reacionários, um pseudosocialismo, o populismo agrário que ele definiu, em abril de 1919 como "nacional-socialismo", diferente do Marxismo e rejeitando a expropriação da propriedade privada ou a nacionalização dos Meios de produção. Seu nacionalismo e radicalismo agrário eram contrárias aos interesses da aristocracia, mas popular entre certos sectores, tais como os oficiais e funcionários exilados.

Pela direita

Gömbös tinha sido um Smallholder antes da guerra, mas desviou-se bruscamente para a direita na convulsão seguinte a dissolução da Áustria-Hungria. Depois de Miklós Horthy tornar-se regente da Hungria em 1920, Gömbös se tornou o principal líder do emergente movimento nacionalista da Hungria, que estava ganhando algum apoio do povo em resposta ao breve período de regime comunista e com a assinatura do Tratado de Trianon, que resultou na perda Húngara de dois terços de seu território para nações vizinhas. Apesar de algumas divergências com Horthy, Gömbös era ativo na purga generalizada de húngaros comunistas e mais tarde organizou oposição militar em massa para o plano de Charles IV para recuperar seu trono, em 1921, um movimento que manteve Horthy firmemente no controle da Hungria. Mais tarde nesse ano, Gömbös tornou-se um dos líderes principais da oposição ao primeiro-ministro István Bethlen. Em 1929, Gömbös foi nomeado ministro da Defesa no governo Bethlen por Horthy.

Primeiro Ministro

Em 1932, Horthy nomeou Gömbös para primeiro-ministro e o fez prometer que não pediria novas eleições. Gömbös se retratou publicamente sobre o seu anti-semitismo anterior, quando assumiu o cargo. A liderança judaica sob Stem e Szanto apoiou a nomeação de Gömbös e seus programas em troca de Gömbös prometer não promulgar as leis anti-judaicas e através de suas políticas não causar dano econômico aos judeus. Gömbös manteve sua promessa, e não promulgou as leis anti-judaicas.

Como primeiro-ministro, Gömbös foi muito ativo na política internacional, a fim de obter apoio para a revisão do Tratado de Trianon e para reavivar a economia desastrosa. Um de seus principais objetivos era alinhar a Hungria em um eixo com a Itália e a Áustria. Pouco depois de se tornar primeiro-ministro, Gömbös voou para a Itália e visitou Benito Mussolini. Os dois chegaram a um acordo, e Mussolini deu à Gömbös seu apoio para a revisão do Tratado de Trianon. Mussolini também prometeu à Gömbös ajuda Italiana se a Hungria entrasse em guerra com a Jugoslávia e da Roménia, na tentativa de recuperar o antigo território da Hungria a partir dessas nações. Gömbös também formou uma aliança com a Alemanha, a fim de ganhar o favor de revisão do Tratado de Trianon e para reavivar economia em dificuldade da Hungria. Quando Adolf Hitler tornou-se chanceler da Alemanha em 1933, Gömbös se tornou o primeiro chefe de uma nação estrangeira a visitar o líder nazista. Pouco tempo depois, Gömbös assinou um importante acordo comercial com a Alemanha, que iria melhorar muito a economia em dificuldade da Hungria que em 1930 progrediu. Gömbös finalmente decidiu alinhar a Hungria principalmente com a Itália e a Áustria, quando Hitler deixou claro para Gömbös que, enquanto ele apoiaria a Hungria em um esforço para recuperar a terra da Tchecoslováquia, ele não apoiaria a Hungria contra a Roménia ou a Jugoslávia. Hitler também foi contra os planos Gömbös para expandir o tamanho e o poder do exército húngaro, enquanto Mussolini apoiou a ideia.

Morte em Serviço

No entanto, Gömbös não viveu para ver seus planos ambiciosos se concretizarem. Gömbös, após uma longa doença, morreu de câncer testicular em Munique no dia 6 de outubro de 1936.

enterro
Gömbös foi enterrado entre as circunstâncias excepcionais, o cortejo fúnebre foi assistido por centenas de milhares de húngaros, sua Catafalque foi visitada por muitos dignitários de seu tempo desde que ele era chefe de governo.

Referências

Primeiros-ministros da Hungria