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This eugenicist started coerced sterilization in North Carolina… and was awarded by Planned Parenthood
By Carole Novielli | July 2, 2019 , 01:18pm
As Planned Parenthood celebrates the opening of its new facility in Charlotte, North Carolina, a dark history of eugenics in the region is coming to light. In part one of this two part series, Live Action News documented how Sarah Bryant, the founder of Planned Parenthood's first Charlotte clinic, admitted that two men, Art Jones and Wallace Kuralt, influenced her to open that first office. Kuralt headed a coercive eugenic sterilization program in the state when he served as Mecklenburg County's welfare director from 1945 to 1972. Eugenics has been a cornerstone of Planned Parenthood's history, and its ugly roots continue to be revealed.
Wallace Kuralt
The State of North Carolina is one of the few states to focus on their eugenics history, which tragically targeted Blacks. One of the prominent supporters of the NC eugenics program was Clarence Gamble, a director of Margaret Sanger's American Birth Control League, which later changed its name to Planned Parenthood. It was Sanger's letter to Gamble that revealed Sanger's infamous "Negro Project."
Excerpt: Margaret Sanger Letter to Clarence Gamble, Negro Project
Ironically, Kuralt's eugenic sterilization program in Charlotte also targeted Blacks. A 2014 Slate article entitled, "The Most Discriminatory Law in the Land," expounded on this:
… Kuralt expanded the sterilization program to include the poor and destitute, with a particular focus on black Americans. In 1960, black Americans were 25 percent of the population in Mecklenberg. But between 1955 and 1966, noted the Charlotte Observer in a 2011 piece investigating Kuralt's work, they made up more than 80 percent of those sterilized at the request of the Welfare Department.
"When we stop to reflect upon the thousands of physical, mental, and social misfits in our midst," wrote Kuralt in 1964, "the thousands of families which are too large for the family to support, the one-tenth of our children born to an unmarried mother, the hoard of children rejected by parents, is there any doubt that health, welfare, and education agencies need to redouble their efforts to prevent these conditions which are so costly to society?"
Sterilization, he believed, would save tax dollars by reducing poverty among the "low mentality-low income families, which tend to produce the largest number of children." Or, as he wrote in an unsigned editorial the same year, "[A]t the bottom of many welfare problems is the illegitimate child, the unwanted child in his most extreme form."
READ: Could the funding of abortion by wealthy Americans be rooted in eugenics?
According to the Charlotte Observer, "In 1957, the peak year for Mecklenburg, the state approved sterilizations of 52 blacks and five whites." Live Action News previously documented the heart wrenching story of another North Carolina sterilization victim, Elaine Riddick. Watch the video below from the documentary film Maafa21:
Sterilization victims under Kuralt's leadership included "A woman, 24, pregnant with an out-of-wedlock child: This girl is sexually promiscuous and a pauper," Charlotte Observer writes. WFAE reported that Kuralt claimed for the poor, "sex is their recreation," a "spontaneous activity, not planned in the same way middle class families plan sex."
The New York Times called Kuralt "sympathetic" with eugenicists. "Wealthy businessmen, among them James Hanes, the hosiery magnate, and Dr. Clarence Gamble, heir to the Procter & Gamble fortune, drove the eugenics movement. They helped form the Human Betterment League of North Carolina in 1947, and found a sympathetic bureaucrat in Wallace Kuralt…."
NPR described the Human Betterment League's brochures as saying things like, "North Carolina offers its citizens protection in the form of selective sterilization," and "The job of parenthood is too much to expect of feebleminded men and women."
READ: Justice Clarence Thomas gives epic history lesson on abortion and eugenics
Human Betterment Society pamphlet on sterilization in NC
"Morons," the league called them. "The Human Betterment League made social workers and doctors and public officials feel like humanitarian heroes for sterilizing people," NPR added.
The Observer quoted Kuralt from a 1964 article:
"When we stop to reflect upon the thousands of physical, mental and social misfits in our midst, the thousands of families which are too large for the family to support, the one-tenth of our children born to an unmarried mother, the hoard of children rejected by parents, is there any doubt that health, welfare and education agencies need to redouble their efforts to prevent these conditions which are so costly to society?"
The Charlotte Observer ended its piece by writing:
Writer Mary Snead Boger interviewed [Kurault] for her 1972 book "Charlotte 23," a collection of profiles of the city's most important residents. He told her planned parenthood for the poor was his most significant accomplishment.
"I suppose," he said, "no comparable population in the world has ever received more eugenic sterilizations."
In 1983, for his work, Planned Parenthood of Greater Charlotte awarded Kuralt their highest honor: the Margaret Sanger Award, according to Kuralt's 1994 Charlotte Observer obituary.
Read Part One of this two-part series here.

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ISSN - 0976-3554
Total Article View Is : 11,351
Efficacy and Safety of Diclofenac Sodium and Etoricoxib in Controlling Post Extraction Dental Pain – A Randomised Open Label Comparative Study K.Punnagai , K.Gunasekaran, K.Vijaybabu, I.Glory Josephine
Efficacy and Safety of Diclofenac Sodium and Etoricoxib in Controlling Post
Extraction Dental Pain – A Randomised Open Label Comparative Study
K.Punnagai , K.Gunasekaran, K.Vijaybabu, I.Glory Josephine
Dr.K.Punnagai, Assistant professor of Pharmacology SRMC, Chennai.
Email id: punnagaiguna@hotmail.com
AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of COX-2 inhibitor Etoricoxib 120mg OD compared to Diclofenac Sodium 50mg BD in post extraction dental pain.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total number of 100 patients posted for third molar extraction were recruited for the study. Those who met the inclusion criteria (n = 51) were randomized into two treatment groups A & B. Group A received T. Diclofenac Sodium and Group B received T. Etoricoxib. Written Informed consent was obtained from all the patients. On the day of surgery patients were given the study drugs and visual analog scales (VAS) to assess the pain intensity for 5 days. Baseline pain intensity immediately after surgery and at 8hrs was recorded on the day of surgery. They were asked to report any adverse events over phone during the study period. On day 5 the completed forms were collected and evaluated statistically using one way analysis of variance.
RESULTS: The statistical analysis of pain intensity using VAS showed that 78% of patients showed severe baseline pain intensity and at the end of 8 hours on the first day of surgery, Diclofenac group showed 27% reduction in pain intensity and 39% reduction in Etoricoxib group (P value < 0.05). On day 5 pain reduction was 97% and 100% in Diclofenac and Etoricoxib group respectively. Global assessment and safety assessment showed better gastrointestinal profile for the Etoricoxib than Diclofenac sodium. No major adverse effects were reported in the two study groups.
CONCLUSION: Present study proves that Etoricoxib has a rapid onset and prolonged pain relief and statistically significant analgesic effect in the immediate postoperative period of 8 hrs in comparison to Diclofenac sodium. The traditional time tested analgesic Diclofenac sodium 50mg b.d and newer Etoricoxib 120mg are equally effective in post extraction dental pain. Safety Profile especially GIT toxicity was comparatively better for Etoricoxib than Diclofenac sodium during the study period.
Key words: Etoricoxib, diclofenac sodium, visual analog scale, pain assessment, safety
The surgical extraction of impacted third molar teeth is a clinically validated, reliable model for acute pain and evaluating the efficacy of analgesics. Patients recruited for this procedure are young, healthy, degree of interpatient variation is less and patients are naive of previous pain experiences. This surgical procedure is clean, uniform, not life threatening, causes predictable moderate to severe pain, with anxiety. 1
Pharmacological management of pain involves the administration of medications which include: opioid analgesics, non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics, glucocorticoids and alpha2 agonists.We are still in constant search of an ideal analgesic drug which alleviates pain, anxiety effectively and facilitates wound healing without undesirable side effects like gastritis, bleeding, sedation and hypersensitivity reactions.
Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used drugs for the control of postoperative pain of moderate to severe intensity.2 The mechanism of action of NSAIDs is inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes and thereby preventing synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are one of the major mediators of pain and inflammation peripherally. COX-1 is protective for gastric mucosa, platelet action and kidney function.3 Inhibition of COX-1 results in gastrointestinal toxicity and peptic ulcer. Cox-2 is expressed in only a few specialized tissues like brain and kidney. It is induced during inflammation and plays important physiological roles in tissue repair, reproduction and renal function. This enzyme is particularly not involved in mucus production in stomach. COX -2 inhibitors prevent inflammation and sensitization of peripheral nociceptors. In addition they might be safe with significantly lower incidences of gastric injury. 4
Pain intensity is assessed using pictorial and numerical ten point Visual Analog Scale (VAS). It is designed to present to the patient a rating scale with minimum constraints. It is simple, quick to score and avoids imprecise descriptive terms. VAS scores during treatment and baseline show a Gaussian distribution allowing for the use of parametric statistical analysis. This scale is widely applied in studies on dental pain 5.
Diclofenac sodium is a time tested commonly used NSAID used in painful conditions including acute postoperative pain. The selection of Diclofenac Sodium is based on the previous studies, as it is proved to offer a good combination of efficacy and tolerance.6, 7
The selection of Etoricoxib is to substantiate its analgesic efficacy and safety profile in a short term treatment of 5 days in controlling postoperative pain in Indian population. Pharmacokinetic profile of Etoricoxib compared to diclofenac sodium is favourable with rapid absorption and good bioavailability. Time to peak plasma concentration is quick with elimination half life of 22 hrs in healthy human volunteers with once daily dosing. It is an effective analgesic with good tolerability. Studies on healthy human beings have demonstrated that Etoricoxib does not interfere with platelet aggregation. 8, 9
The primary objective and aim of the present study is to compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of Cox-2 inhibitor Tab. Etoricoxib 120mg once a day with traditional NSAID Tab. Diclofenac sodium 50mg twice a day in controlling post extraction dental pain in patients undergoing surgery for impacted third molar tooth. The tool used to measure the pain intensity is Visual analog scale.
The study was conducted among 51 patients with one or more impacted third molar teeth posted for extraction at the oral surgery department of the Dental College, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai.
The institutional Ethics Committee approved the study protocol, informed consent form and the case report form. The study was a randomized, open-label, comparative, single centre study. Duration of the study period is 5 days with either one of the study drug. Inclusion criteria included both gender aged from 18-60 years, who were posted for surgical extraction of impacted third molar tooth, partially or fully impacted or in germinal phase and all were in good general health, as established by physical, clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Subjects with hypersensitivity to NSAIDs, infective carries, peptic ulcer, cardiovascular abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, bronchial asthma, pregnant, lactating women and subjects who had NSAIDs from two days before extraction of teeth were excluded from the study.
The preoperative interviews, the supply of the study medications and visual analog scales recordings and discharge instructions were dealt by an independent observer. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were consequently randomized using a computer generated list using random allocation software, version 1.0 in to two groups A and B.
Group A patients were given T. Diclofenac Sodium 50mg 12th hourly and Group B were provided with T. Etoricoxib 120mg once a day daily. All drugs were prescribed for a period of five days immediately after completion of surgery and continued until suture removal on day 5. Both the groups received postoperative prophylactic antibiotics Cap.Amoxicillin 1g every 12h for 5 days.
All the impacted molars are of equal surgical difficulty and were extracted under local Anesthesia with Lignocaine by the qualified oral surgeons of the study site. Intravenous sedation was never used. After undergoing extraction surgery, patients were supplied with a course of their study analgesic with instructions in the recovery room and were advised to take the first dose of the medication immediately after surgery. Rescue medication was T.Paracetamol 500mg was provided to the patients if the pain relief is not satisfactory with the study drugs on the first day. Patients were discharged on the day of surgery after 8 hour observation period. All patients were provided using a 10 point Visual analog scale in which they were instructed to record pain intensity over 5 consecutive days at the same time from days 1-5, starting from the day of surgery. Pain intensity was recorded immediately after surgery using VAS and 8 hrs after surgery and discharged. The overall effect of the drug (global assessment of the study medication) on pain and side effects which was assessed by the patients at the end of the trial (fifth day) on a categorical scale with the following categories: 1 – Poor, 2 – Fair, 3 – Good, 4 – Excellent. Patients were advised to report any adverse event immediately over the phone to the independent observer.
On the fifth day of extraction, drug compliance was assessed by counting the remaining tablets. Patients were enquired of any adverse event and they underwent physical examination. Global assessment of the study medications using a categorical scale was recorded from the patients. Visual analog scales were collected back Parameters assessed were Mean pain scores using 10 point VAS, global assessment of study medications and incidence of adverse effects.
One way Analysis of variance test was used to compare the pain intensity (VAS) between the two treatment groups. Intergroup comparison was done using TUKEY'S HSD method. The pain intensity at baseline was included as a covariate in the analysis of pain intensity. The P values below 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. No adjustment was performed for pair wise comparisons between treatments.
The baseline demographic characteristics were similar among groups. Overall 47 % (24/51) of patients were females and 53 % (27/51) were males. Approximately 78% of patients (38/51) reported severe pain after surgery and 6% (3/51) reported modedrate pain (Table 1). The use of intraoperative anaesthesia was limited to epinephrine administered with lignocaine hydrochloride (Table 1).
The primary efficacy measure was pain intensity. The overall analgesic efficacy of the study drugs over the period of 8 hrs, 24hrs, day 3, day 4 & day 5, were measured by reduction in pain intensity using visual analog scale.
On end of surgery at 1hr the baseline mean pain intensity score ± SD for the Diclofenac sodium group was 8.76 ± 1.48 and Etoricoxib 120mg group was 8.64 ± 1.58. At the end of 8 hours of surgery, Diclofenac sodium group showed 6.36 ± 1.63 (CI=8.15-9.37) with 27% reduction in the pain intensity. In case of Etoricoxib group pain score was 5.22 ± 2.01 (CI=7.99-9.29) with 39% reduction in pain intensity which was statistically significant.
On day 2 pain score was 3.64 ± 2.31 (CI=5.69-7.03) with 58% reduction in pain intensity in Diclofenac group, and 3.8 ± 1.78 (CI=4.41-6.07) with 56% reduced pain intensity in Etoricoxib group.
On day 3 pain score was 1.64 ± 1.73 (CI= 2.69-4.59) with 81% reduction in pain intensity in Diclofenac group, and 1.40 ± 1.47 (CI=0.79-2.01) with 83% reduced pain intensity in Etoricoxib group.
On day 4 in Diclofenac group pain score was 0.32 ± 0.63 with 96% reduction in pain intensity, and in Etoricoxib group the pain score was 0.28 ± 0.61 with 96% reduced pain intensity respectively.
On day 5 the pain score was 0.28 ± 0.61 with 96% reduction in pain intensity in Diclofenac sodium group and 0.02 ± 0.20 with 100% reduced pain intensity in Etoricoxib group. Mean daily pain scores in each treatment group over the period of 1 hr of day 1 to the day 5 as well as p values are shown in Table 2.
This analysis including baseline pain intensity as a covariate, shows that the pain intensity is not statistically significant different between groups except for significant pain relief with Etoricoxib 120mg (8hrs) (p value < 0.05). There was no evidence of any statistical difference between drugs for relief of pain on day 2 to day 5. (Fig 1)
The incidence of side effects, especially the epigastric pain and nausea, were significantly higher with treatment of diclofenac sodium than Etoricoxib in appropriate doses. No serious adverse events occurred. One woman reported of vomiting after 6 hours of taking diclofenac sodium as shown in Table 3.
The overall effect of the drug (global assessment of the study medication) on pain and side effects which was assessed by the patients at the end of the trial (day 5) on a categorical scale. All drugs were assessed as good and excellent.
Table 1. BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN GROUPS
Characteristics T. Diclofenac sodiumn=26 T.Etoricoxibn=25 Totaln=51
Sex n (%)FemaleMaleAge, yr(mean ± SEM)Weight (kg) Length of surgery (minutes)Local anaesthesia (ml)Baseline pain intensity n (%) Severe: (VAS>8)Moderate: (VAS>5) 14 (53%)12 (47%)32.5 (1.72)60±1028±12 4±115 (58)2 (8) 10 (40%)15 (60%)30 (1.88)62±11 31±134±123 (92)1 (4) 24 (47%)27 (53%)31.3 (1.80)61±10.529.5±12.54±138 (78%)3 (6%)
TABLE 2. MEAN PAIN SCORES ± SD USING VISUAL ANALOG SCALE
STUDY PERIOD DICLOFENAC SODIUM 50MG BD (mean ± SD) sEM ETORICOXIB 120MG OD (mean ± SD) sem
DAY 1-1 hr 8.76 ± 1.48 0.29 8.64 ± 1.58 0.31 .748
DAY 1-8 hrs 6.36 ± 1.63 0.32 5.22 ± 2.01 0.40 .000
DAY 2 3.64 ± 2.31 0.45 3.8 ± 1.78 0.36 .474
DAY 3 1.64 ± 1.73 0.35 1.40 ± 1.47 0.29 .276
Fig 1. MEAN VISUAL ANALOG SCORE FOR PAIN INTENSITY
Table 3. ADVERSE EVENTS PROFILE OF STUDY DRUGS
ADVERSE EVENTS DICLOFENAC SODIUM n=26 ETORICOXIBn=25 TOTAL n=51
POSTOPERATIVE BLEEDING
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
OTHERS (edema, cough)
TOTAL NO. ADVERSE EFFECTS
In a national survey conducted in USA by Jeffrey L.Apfelbaum et al.and published in 2003, it was reported that approximately 80% of all patients experienced acute pain after surgery. Most of the inpatients and outpatients had moderate, severe and extreme pain. Ambulatory patients felt more pain after discharge than when they are in the hospital.10
With increasing attention being given to successful postoperative pain management in the hospital setting, development of newer analgesics with potency and fewer adverse effects, and use of balanced analgesia plays a prominent role.
The role of the COX-2 inhibitors in the management of other conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis has been widely discussed. However, their role in the treatment of postoperative dental pain which is a reliable method for comparing analgesics has been evaluated to a lesser extent in south Indian population. In the present clinical study, approximately 78% reported severe baseline pain intensity following surgical removal of an impacted third molar tooth using visual analog scale. The overall analgesic efficacy and analgesia during the acute postoperative period (8 hrs after surgery) and duration of analgesic effect were evaluated and compared between the study drugs (T.Etoricoxib and T.Diclofenac sodium).
At the end of 8 hrs of postoperative period, the analgesia produced by T.Etoricoxib was statistically significant to the analgesia produced by T.Diclofenac sodium (P value < 0.05). This proves the quick onset of peak analgesic action of Etoricoxib compared to Diclofenac sodium. This result can be extrapolated in a clinical setting to control the acute pain effectively with Etoricoxib on the day of surgery. On the first day of postoperative period the pain relief was almost similar in both groups showing the prolonged action of Etoricoxib in a single daily dose and improved compliance with the use of this drug.
However, on the fourth day of postoperative period of our study the pain relief was almost complete and similar in the both treatment groups. So the overall analgesic efficacy of the single dose of COX-2 inhibitor Etoricoxib 120mg was found to be equal in efficacy to nonselective NSAID, Diclofenac sodium which was given in two divided doses. Patients were overall satisfied with the analgesic efficacy of both the study drugs evaluated by global assessment scale.
The traditional post-surgical analgesia with non-selective NSAIDs and opioids are associated with several side effects such as post-operative bleeding, gastrointestinal problems, nausea, and constipation. The incidence of GI perforations, ulcers, bleeding with Etoricoxib is far less than half that associated with older NSAIDs in a combined analysis of data from ten clinical trials. COX-2 inhibitors are especially useful in patients with a high risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding or with a history of peptic ulcer.11
Safety assessment showed that both the drugs used in the study were generally well tolerated. No serious adverse event was reported among patients in all treatment groups. Gastrointestinal side effects like epigastric pain and nausea were greater in the diclofenac sodium group compared to Etoricoxib. No episodes of severe gastritis and vomiting were reported in Etoricoxib group confirming the advantage of Etoricoxib over Diclofenac sodium. They do not have any significant effect on platelet function as COX-1 inhibitors.12, 13 The use of COX-2 inhibitors has been possibly reported to have increased the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse effects.14
According to the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) when COX-2 inhibitors are prescribed in accordance with contraindications and precautions, the balance of benefit and risk remains positive in target patient population.15 In India many preparations of Etoricoxib is approved for use for acute pain conditions in the lowest effective dose for a limited time in adults.16
In the present study being a short term acute pain study, no reports of such serious intolerance and adverse events occurred in the entire treatment groups with Etoricoxib and Diclofenac sodium. To prove and substantiate the safety and efficacy of Etoricoxib in painful conditions many more clinical trials and studies with good sample size and sound methodologies are needed in Indian population.
In this clinical study, Diclofenac sodium 50mg BD and Etoricoxib 120mg OD were overall similar in analgesic efficacy and safety. While both NSAIDs provide a better pain relief in patients following impacted third molar extractions, Etoricoxib has a rapid onset of pain relief and prolonged duration of action in comparison to diclofenac sodium in the immediate postoperative period and can be especially useful in individuals with gastritis and acid peptic disease. Diclofenac sodium is preferably cost effective. Nevertheless, the risk vs. benefit and other cardiovascular, renal adverse effects must be considered while selecting particular NSAIDs for the treatment of dental pain.
We sincerely thank the Professor and HOD of the department of Pharmacology, SRMC Dr.S.Parvathavarthini for her guidance in this study. Our thanks to the Prof and HOD Dr. Raveendran, of the department of Oral Surgery, SRMC Dental College for his cooperation.
DECLARATIONS:
No funding for the paper
No conflicts of Interest.
1. Forbes JA. Oral surgery, advances in pain research and therapy: the design of analgesic
clinical trials. Max MB, Portenoy R, Laska EM, eds. New York: Raven Press, Ltd,
1991:347-74.
2. Mehlisch DR, Markenson J, Schnitzer TJ. The efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs for acute pain. Cancer Control 1999; 6:5-9.
3. Kaplan-machlis B, Klostermeyer BS. The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: safety and
effectiveness. Ann Pharmacother 1999; 33:979-88.
4. Wolfe MM, Lichtenstein DR, Singh G. Gastrointestinal toxicity of nonsteroidal
antiinflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:1888-99.
5. Vickers ER, Cousins MJ, et al. Pain description and severity of chronic Orofacial
pain conditions. Australian Dental Journal; 1998; 43: 403-9. (28) in dissertation.
6. Breivik EK, Pal Barkvoll, Eva Skovlund. Combining diclofenac with acetaminophen or
acetaminophen-codeine after Oral surgery: A randomized, double-blind single-dose
study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 66: 625-35.
7. Estelle – Martinez V, et al. Analgesic efficacy of diclofenac sodium versus Ibuprofen
following surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars. Med Oral Pathol Oral Cir
Buccal 2004; 9: 444-53.
8. Hunt RH, Harper S, Watson DJ, et al. The gastrointestinal safety of the COX-2 selective
inhibitor etoricoxib assessed by both endoscopy and analysis of upper gastrointestinal
events. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98:1725-33.
9. Dallob A, Hawkey CT, Greenberg H, et al. Characterization of Etoricoxib, a novel,
selective COX-2 inhibitor. J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 43:573-85.
10. Apfelbaum et al. Postoperative Pain Experience: Results from a National survey suggest
Postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged. Anesth Analg 2003; 97:534-40.
11. Moore RA, Derry S, Makinson GT, Mcquay HJ, Tolerability and adverse events in clinical
trials of celecoxib in Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and meta-
analysis of information from company clinical trial reports Arthritis Research & Therapy
2005; 7(3):R644-65.
12 Mukherjee D et al., COX-2 inhibitors could increase risk of cardio vascular events. The
Pharmaceutical Journal 2001; 267: 283.
13. Catella – Lawson F, Reilly MP, Kapoor SC, et al. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors and the
Antiplatelet effects of aspirin. N.Engl. J. Med., 2001, 345: 1809-1817.
14. Anne Burke, Emer M.Smyth, and Garret A.FitzGerald. Analgesic-Antipyretic Agents. In:
Laurence LB, John SL, Keith LP. (Eds) Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of
Therapeutics, 11th ed. NY: McGraw Hill; 2005: pp 684-85.
15. European Medicines Agency, 2008. Questions and Answers on the Review of
Etoricoxib-containing Medicines. 2008; Doc. Ref. EMEA/329177/2008.
16. Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre (South). Selective COX-2 inhibitors: current status.
Drug Alert. 2005; 1(1): 1-4.
First Author : K.Punnagai, Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, SRMC, Chennai
Second Author : K.Gunasekaran, Assistant professor of Anaesthesiology Saveetha Medical College Chennai
Third Author : I.Glory Josephine Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Balaji Medical college chennai.
Fourth Author :K.Vijaybabu Associate Professor of Pharmacology, VMKVMC Salem
Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Tinospora cordifolia in rodents, Siddalingappa C.M, Rajesh T, Kudagi B.L, Krishnakanth K, Sujith T.R
A Comparative Study of the Novel Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor Ezetimibe with Atorvastatin and Atorvastatin Alone in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Filed under: Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology
Author's : K.Punnagai, K.Gunasekaran, K.Vijaybabu, I.Glory Josephine
Submitted June 6, 2011 at 8:40 pm
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Anaesthesiology (11)
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ANAESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF A CASE OF CONGENITAL LOBAR EMPHYSEMA
Awake craniotomy – A case report
EFFECT OF PRE-OPERATIVE ADMINISTRATION OF ORAL ASPIRIN ON SUXAMETHONIUM INDUCED MYALGIA : COMPARATIVE STUDY
ORAL ATROPINE PREMEDICATION IN INFANTS ATTENUATES CARDIOVASCULAR DEPRESSION DURING HALOTHANE ANAESTHESIA
A RARE PRESENTATION OF UNUSUAL BENIGN MULTICYSTIC THYROID SWELLING IN THE LATERAL PART OF NECK
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text:
import mysql.connector
import os, yaml

class MySQLDatabaseConnection:
    def __init__(self, dbname, user, host, password, options=None):
        self.dbname = dbname
        self.user = user
        self.host = host
        self.connection = mysql.connector.connect(user=user, password=password, host=host, database=dbname)
        self.statement = None
        self.execution_time = 0
        self.name_cache = {}

        if options is not None:
            for k in options:
                if k == "use_cache":
                    self.connection.cursor().execute("""SET SESSION query_cache_type=%s""", (options[k],))
                else:
                    print 'Ignoring unrecognized option {}'.format(k)

    @staticmethod
    def dbconfigForName(config_name):
        filename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'dbconfig.yml')
        f = open(filename, 'r')
        databases = yaml.load(f)
        return databases[config_name]

    @staticmethod
    def connectionWithConfiguration(config):
        dbconfig = MySQLDatabaseConnection.dbconfigForName(config)
        return MySQLDatabaseConnection(dbconfig['database'], dbconfig['user'], dbconfig['host'], dbconfig['password'])

    def close(self):
        if self.connection:
            self.connection.close()
            self.connection = None

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Everyone knows about Danish family business Lego, whose small and colourful toy bricks can be assembled to form almost anything. And now, the famous brand is celebrating its 80th birthday by releasing a short video tracing its foundation and growth over the years.
The 17-minute animated film, released on 10 August by the controlling Kirk Kristiansen family, tells the story of how Ole Kirk Christiansen founded a small toy company back in 1932 after his carpentry business failed.
It also looks at the ups and downs faced by family members between 1932 and 1968 – from a fire destroying a factory during World War II to the opening of the first Legoland theme park.
Currently in its fourth generation of family ownership, Billund-based Lego Group has revenues of more than €2.5 billion and is one of the largest maker of toys in the world.
It is also the biggest manufacturer of tyres, producing around 381 million wheels in a year. The smallest is 14.4 millimetres tall, and the largest 10.7 centimetres.


text:
Peace Out: Week Twelve
Week Twelve Update from Melanie
"At the center of nonviolence stands the principle of love."
Quote by the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,
as imagined by a fifth grader in Dallas, Texas,
displayed on the wall near the Texas Book Depository Building in Dallas,
from which President John F. Kennedy was assassinated.
Remembering impactful leaders killed by gunfire
in this ruthless gun culture we allow ourselves to live in.
Coming to you (again) from the inspiring Diocese of the Rio Grande in beautiful Albuquerque, NM.
Rev. Brad Landry, quoting Rev. Tim Schenck, this week: "We're officially in that little known season of the church year known as 'I'll deal with that after Easter'." Says Brad, "He's not wrong." I am acutely aware of the truth of that, since I am frequently a last minute requested addition to a church's already very busy Lent leading into Holy Week season. I am hearing, "Can you wait to come here until after Easter?" For the moment, I'm not sorry for the seasonally imposed short break from my impromptu visitations, as I still have a lot to learn about my job as Executive Director of EPF, and we have some other priorities that need to be elevated to the top of the list.
First and foremost at the moment is our first Year of Action event for 2019 -- our Remember and Renew Event in Denver, CO commemorating the twentieth anniversary of the Columbine massacre. I've been promoting this pilgrimage in my weekly blog, but I am taking this opportunity to highlight it and to invite you to consider coming. Many of you, like me, are deeply concerned about the overwhelming incidence of gun deaths and injuries in our culture. Our events the weekend of April 26-28 are in large measure a chance to educate ourselves about how we can be effective advocates in favor of gun control (there, I said it) as much as to grieve those killed and injured at Columbine High School and in the outrageously frequent killings and woundings before and since. The links to our event are below in this email. A trip to Denver is a chance to take active measures to do something about gun violence on both the grass roots and the national level. Join us, and help make gun violence a thing of the past.
In addition to preparing for Columbine and my own observance of Holy Week and Easter, I'm getting ready for my first National Executive Committee meeting -- a chance to get to know some of the NEC members I have yet to meet, and to talk about expectations and priorities. Please keep us in your prayers as we discern our purposeful path forward, advancing peace and justice and moving the Church toward her call to become the Peaceable Kingdom.
Other priorities for me include bringing our website current, encouraging our Peace Partner parishes and chapters to plan action events to mark our 80th anniversary, continuing to schedule visitations around the country, and looking for fresh ways to find resources to enable us to do the work we are called to do. Got ideas? Let me hear them! epfactnow
I am looking forward to our other 80th anniversary events, including our participation in the commemoration of Jonathan Daniels and the Martyrs of Alabama, along with a pilgrimage to the Legacy Museum and the National Memorial for Peace and Justice in Alabama. I hope the Alabama trip will include an evening event at my home parish of St. Andrew's, Birmingham, to recruit peace partner parishes in the Diocese of Alabama. As well, I am eager to attend the Province V Big Provincial Gathering in Michigan, our PIN trip to Palestine in October, and EPF's 80th anniversary celebration around November 11. Is your Diocese having some event for which you wish EPF to have a presence? Let me know and maybe I or an NEC member can attend.
Plan to join EPF on our Year of Action pilgrimage to Alabama in August.
Among the stops will be a visit to the
National Memorial for Peace and Justice in Montgomery.
For the hanged and beaten.
For the shot, drowned, and burned.
For the tortured, tormented, and terrorized.
For the abandoned by the rule of law.
We will remember.
With hope because hopelessness is the enemy of justice.
With courage because peace requires bravery.
With persistence because justice is a constant struggle.
With faith because we shall overcome.
Our upcoming schedule:
April 8: St. Thomas of Canterbury, Albuquerque, NM
April 14: St. Bede's, Santa Fe, NM
April 21: St. Joseph's, Lakewood, CO
April 26-28:Columbine Commemoration and Colorado EPF Chapter visitation
St.Timothy's, Centennial, CO
May 6: Calvary, Memphis, TN (tentative)
May 14: St. Ann's, Nashville, TN
May 16: St. John's, Knoxville, TN
June 19: Juneteenth event with Fellowship of Reconciliation, location TBD
June 27-29: Washington, DC "Love God, Love Neighbor: Advocacy in Action"
July 12-13:Big Provincial Gathering, Province V, Kalamazoo, MI
August 8: St. Andrew's, Birmingham, AL
August 9-10 Commemoration of Jonathan Daniels and the Martyrs of Alabama
Visit to Legacy Museum and National Memorial for Peace and
Justice, Montgomery and Hayneville, AL
Sept. 4: Bp. Paul Jones feast day, location TBD
Oct 13-24 Palestine
Nov. 11: EPF 80th Anniversary!
REGISTRATION FOR COLUMBINE
PILGRIMAGE EXTENDED TO APRIL 8!
Plan to Walk In Love with EPF this month! The weekend after Easter (April 26-28), we will make a pilgrimage to Columbine, Colorado to commemorate the horrible school massacre which happened there twenty years ago, and will rededicate ourselves to eradicating gun violence in America. We will partner with advocates against all forms of gun violence, which includes the daily loss of lives in communities across the country due to domestic violence, urban violence, workplace violence, mass killings, suicide and accidental shootings. Preaching on the Sunday of our commemoration will be Lutheran pastor Don Marxhzausen, who was forced out as pastor of his congregation when he dared eulogize, humanize and preside over the funeral of one of the young gunmen. I hope if any of you are able, you will join us in Columbine for what we hope will be a transformative remembrance.
Details and registration at https://give.classy.org/epfcolumbine.
COLUMBINE SCHEDULE OF EVENTS:
Iliff School of Theology
2323 E. Iliff
(paid parking available in south lot B)
Chapel presentation with audience dialogue to include seminarians, faculty, and interested public focusing on underlying causes contributing to violence in contemporary culture.
Panelists include:
The Rev. Kym Lucas, bishop-elect of the Episcopal Diocese of Colorado
The Rev. Jasper Peters, pastor of Belong Church, United Methodist
The Rev. Dr. Jennifer Leath, Asst. Prof. of Religion and Social Justice
Viewing of Bowling for Columbine, the 2002 documentary film written and directed by Michael Moore will be shown for any wishing to remain in the Chapel
St. Timothy Episcopal Church
1401 E. Dry Creek Rd
Centennial, CO
Over 12 organizations involved in national and local efforts to address gun violence prevention will present their mission and opportunities for participation. Catered lunch provided with RSVP to frbobdav
Educational and Policy Workshops on topics ranging from history of gun violence and gun laws in Colorado; organizing the faith community around gun violence prevention; public health implications of gun violence; keeping kids safe from guns; gun violence contributing to suicide and domestic violence; communicating with others on gun violence prevention.
Workshops will repeat twice from 1:15-2:15, 2:30-3:30 for opportunity to hear two topics
Columbine Memorial
Clement Park
7306 W. Bowles Ave
Enter park from Pierce Ave between Bowles and Coal Mine, driving west to parking lot closest to memorial (within softball field complex). Take walk path approximately ¼ mile to memorial. During vigil narrators will lead participants in remembrance of the students and teacher memorialized through readings and responses. Opportunity for quiet reflection and hearing readings of hope and inspiration will mark the time of vigil.
Columbine Unitarian Universalist Church
6724 S. Webster
(1/2 mile south of Vigil)
A simple meal will be provided by members of the church during which vigil participants will be invited to reflect on the impact of the vigil, the events of the day and group sharing around hope for a more peaceful future. Music and facilitation will be offered for participants.
10- 11:30am
Morning worship service to include speaker, the Rev. Don Marxhausen, Lutheran pastor who presided over one of the funerals of a Columbine student and his personal story as a result.
St. Andrew United Methodist Church
9203 S. University Blvd
A Service of Remembrance and Renewal to offer personal stories from those impacted by gun violence, grounding the faith response to gun violence within the Judeo-Christian-Islamic tradition, and inspiring participants with hope and renewal through music and worship.
See you in Denver!
Flashback to Memphis, TN, in January of this year. Steven and I were on the way to the Lorraine Motel to view the site of the martyrdom of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther, King, Jr. I was stopped in my tracks by Jacqueline Smith, well into her 30th year of protesting the conversion of the Lorraine into the National Civil Rights Museum. Read more about Jackie here: www.fulfillthedream.net. Jackie convinced me to boycott the museum. I admire her activism.
How can we support EPF while Melanie is on the road?
Give to EPF
Offers of hospitality always welcome!
Suggestions of icons of social justice, landmarks or museums she must see.
Driveway for parking "Miranda", her home on wheels. (Home or church parking lot welcome)
Offer of laundry facilities.
Suggestions of coffee shops, eateries, and sports bars she should visit.
Identify best walks and hikes in your neighborhood.
Invite her to church!
Prayers for safe travel.
Favorite camp sites (with dump station, preferred).
Visits with your pets -- she is feeling deprived!
Home baked goodies (only if you are baking, anyway).
Make time to see her and introduce her around!
Favorite sites for photo ops.


Let's be real: job postings are a weird genre of writing—and you'll probably encounter many of them in your lifetime.
Happily, your humanities skillset is here to help. In this first installment of our Humanities Skills for the Job Search series, we'll explore how close reading can help you craft stellar application materials.
Your close reading skills, honed in University Writing and your humanities coursework, can be an invaluable tool in your job-search process. Read on to discover tips on how to use close reading to understand the structure and purpose of job postings, narrow down your career interests, and create tailored application documents and interview stories that showcase your preparedness for and interest in the role.
Close reading is a process of inspecting and making sense of a text.
A rule of thumb: When close reading, assume that the text is the result of a series of deliberate choices by the author(s) about content, structure, and tone.
From this rule, it follows that the process of inspecting and interpreting the text is also a process of analyzing authorial intention. Who is their intended reader? What do they intend to communicate to that reader? What values and assumptions underlie that message?
When close reading, you'll look for conspicuous choices. What strikes you as unusual or surprising? What patterns, trends, or repetitions do you see?
For a moment, put yourself in the headspace of the person writing the job description: the hiring manager or HR generalist trying to fill an open role. How are you going to find that elusive individual who will be motivated to do the job, and do it well—and whom you'd like to become a member of your community?
The job description is one of your main tools to find this person. By promoting your company's best face to them, you want to not only find those great candidates, but also convince them to apply.
As an applicant, you'll notice that many job postings are aspirational, representing the employer's dream candidate. So, if you don't meet all of the desired qualifications, but are very interested and think you can make a strong case for yourself, you should still consider applying!
Pro-tip: If there's no deadline, don't wait. Apply as soon as you can get your materials ready!
Introduction or Overview: Conveys the big picture of the position and organization.
Responsibilities: Outlines how an employee in this position will spend their time at work. Sometimes this list is divvied up by category of task (for instance, administrative, research, etc.) and percentage of time they'll spend doing each.
Qualifications: Usually appears in list form, and may include things like technical skills, soft skills, personality traits, and educational qualifications. Sometimes there are separate categories for required qualifications and additional desired qualifications.
Company Description: Showcases the mission, values, and key accomplishments of the company.
Keep in mind: The order of information in the posting gives you clues about what's important to the employer. So, be sure to pay attention to what appears early and often in the posting!
Look for commonalities between 5–10 similar jobs to understand what an employer might be seeking for that type of job in that industry.
Reflect on what aspects of these jobs appeal and don't appeal to you to narrow down your search to jobs that align with your workplace and workstyle preferences, interests, strengths, and values.
Identify skill or knowledge gaps (including industry lingo) you might be looking to fill before applying.
Once you've narrowed down your options, use the same technique, of reading several postings for similar positions, to streamline your application process.
Pay attention to job titles to identify the types of positions you might search for and target, using a job function filter and keyword search.
Create template documents for different types of positions in specific industries, which you can tailor further for specific positions when you're ready to apply. You can use the strategies in the next tip to create these templates.
Use the job description to tailor your story to a specific job and employer. We'll talk more about this in the next installment in this series, Your Persuasion-Ready Pitch.
Highlight or list the verbs in the job description to identify transferable skills they're looking for. Next, brainstorm examples of when you've done those things.
Highlight or list adjectives from the job description and company mission statement to identify key company values that align with yours.
Group words into categories to identify key competency areas, knowledge areas, or qualities the employer is looking for. Use these categories to structure and revise your resume, generate a main argument and topic sentences for your cover letter, and understand what they'll be looking to learn about you in the interview.
Freewrite on unique elements of the job and the company. What elements excite or intrigue you? Use this in your application materials and interview to convey your genuine interest in the role.
Keep an eye out for future installments of this series: Your Persuasion-Ready Pitch and Omit Needless Words! Editing Your Application Documents to Present Your Most Polished Self to Employers.


Rating: 3.7 out of 5 with 287 votes.
This CSS/HTML Code of Metal Set - Link Select works on almost every website or web page on the internet that allows, CSS and HTML coding. Like forums, normal web page etc.
Why it dosen't Animate when i put it in CSS ?
Please read the box above titled "Animated Cursor Not Animating?"


Hearts ... to our local law enforcement agencies who go a step beyond in specialized training to cover as many contingencies as possible. You can never be prepared enough for emergencies where life, limb and national security are at stake. From classroom learning to a drop in the drink out of a low-flying helo, our officers got up close and personal with the most dominant natural feature in our area. We'd just like to say thanks for all you do to take care of us.
Darts ... to the 46 circle. We get it. We can read street signs and pictures on the ground and sometimes even semaphore. But we also get that it's not a lot of space for side-by-side vehicles going around that particular circle. Better that there be one very wide circle as before than two circles filled with people who don't understand the signs driving next to people who don't care what the signs say all mixed in with people who can read sign language and just want to stop going around in circles.
Hearts ... to every flag-flying, fireworks-watching, hotdog-grilling, parade-marching patriot of every age who celebrated Independence Day. We especially dedicate a heart to one particular patriot who for years put his life on the line in a Marine uniform and started guarding the streets of heaven on the Fourth of July. Lt. Gen. William G. Thrash, a naval aviator and Korean POW, was a "Ramblin' Wreck from Georgia Tech" and served 32 years in the U.S. Marine Corps. For your service, sacrifice and dedication, sir, we salute you.
Darts ... and while we're on the circle, let's talk about the vegetation. In days of olde when knights were bold, such spaces as the green in the 46 circle were maintained by whoever had the hungriest sheep (singular and plural for round woolly mammal). At least, we're pretty sure that's how it worked. We don't think there's anything wrong with someone who feels strongly about the overgrowth going out to that circle with a weed-whacker, scythe or goat on a tether and having at it. Of course, that might cause more problems than it solves, so we suggest you address the issue with the appropriate agency.
Hearts ... to the folks at Sun City who are at it again singing, dancing and entertaining friends, families and strangers with Cole Porter's "Anything Goes." We have it on good authority that guffaws abound and costumes, set and makeup are stupendous. Set sail soon for the box office before you miss the boat.


Here is how to use a planner effectively with 8 easy tips! You will stay organized all year long with your planner. Includes free printable note pad at the bottom of the post. Stop buying planners that you won't use!
Now that we are officially in planner season, I couldn't wait to share my favorite tips & tricks on how to use your new planner effectively! If you're feeling like a kid in a candy store with your planner, this post is totally for you.
If you are wondering how you would ever use a planner, I think you just might find this interesting too. After all, we all want to have a well-run home right? And you can definitely organize your life on your own terms-– not how someone else says it needs to be done!
Whether you've been a planner fan for years or this is your first year, you can create your own planning systems easily!
When it comes to using a planner effectively, you need to enjoy using it! If you love your Google calendar or online meeting invitations, perhaps a paper planner isn't for you.
However– I will tell you that my husband & I create appointments to share back & forth for each other's Google calendars. BUT I absolutely LOVE writing everything down in my planner. The appointments share places to be with Jordan, but the planner– it's the machine making sure I don't forget preschool tuition dates, soccer practices, and when I need to arrive early for work!
Think about how you manage your life. Before you spend money on a paper planner, consider if digital could be a better option.
Now that you have decided on a paper planner, let's talk about layouts! Over the past 2 years, I've been using an Erin Condren Life Planner in the vertical layout. It has 3 vertical blocks for each day. You can read about how I use each vertical block here.
Other options include hour by hour lines for those who need that detail. Think of it as an hourly task calendar. The plus side is that there is a space next to each hour. The downside is that unless you have a day that changes radically every day, you may be leaving a lot of spaces blank and wishing you had more 'free space' to jot down notes and reminders.
Another option to consider is the horizontal layout. This layout from the Hearth & Hand line reminds me of the college planners where each day is one large block. If you have a lot of projects due throughout the week, this may be a great planning format.
This may sound silly, but unless you keep your planner near you in your purse or tote, you'll likely forget to use it! Not using it will make you feel discouraged and less likely to pick it up again.
To avoid that, make an effort to keep your planner nearby, full of cute stickers, write down everything (that's coming up next), and treat it as a really fun accessory during the day.
I shamelessly keep mine on my desk at work. It makes me smile, and when I think of something for the blog, or receive an email from the kids' teachers, I can quickly write it down!
Unless your planner becomes what we in the corporate world affectionately call the "single source of truth," you'll always be left looking for the right answer. In short, write it all down.
Make it a habit. When you find yourself automatically grabbing your planner to jot down information, reminders, and notes, great things happen! You keep using it.
Use a dashboard to help you quickly open your planner to the current week. Make writing it all down as easy as possible.
Something I learned over the year-– I bought an extra set of list notes to go into my planner this year. My blogging brainstorms become too long and quickly filled up every inch of paper. Instead, I bought a pack of these list notepad sheets (they are not sticky) to slip into the weeks to help me stay on track. I can write outlines of blog posts, hex codes, and opt-in ideas without taking up too much valuable planning space!
Also– I keep my 6-7 favorite color pens in the back of my planner. It's a quick way to have a pen handy when I need to write something down.
GET YOUR FREE PRINTABLE PLANNER NOTE PAD AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS POST!
It's perfectly okay to choose a planner that makes you smile. I know that you may reach for something uber professional if you're at work all day or something more mature if you feel like you want to fit in.
A planner is only effective when you're using it, so choose a design that you love. Who cares what anyone else thinks?
This year I chose the Watercolor Dots planner cover. It's absolutely beautiful. But it looks nothing like the clothes I wear or the style on this blog. I wanted to add a little pink & bright color to my day and this was how I chose to do it.
When you open your planner, is it colorful on the inside?
Are you a sticker lover? Or are you more minimalist?
Either way, allow yourself to become the 6th-grade version of your self and choose something happy.
And who doesn't love the occasional list sticker? I'm a total sucker for the Erin Condren Monthly Sticker Packs. It's a great combination of mood uplifting and useful!
Before you commit to an extra night of soccer practice, or an extra day of school pick up, don't forget to refer to your planner. When you're wondering how to use a planner effectively– this is the meat of it all.
In order to use it well, you need to refer to it for activities, birthday parties, and even date nights!
I use the planner heavily in scheduling out our evenings each week. When I meal plan on Sundays, I write down our dinners for each day. Since I am usually the one making dinner most nights, I refer to it before I leave work.
Knowing what's for dinner before I arrive home makes me feel a little less stressed.
I think this could be the most discouraging way to stop using your planner. It suddenly doesn't work for you anymore, so you slowly start stopping.
But you write the rules.
If you need to change your focus, let yourself change up how you use the planner! No one is looking over your shoulder grading your setup.
You may find yourself planning a cross country move that is suddenly taking more of your time. Or you may be focusing on caring for an ill relative and their appointments edge out your daily bullet journaling.
Using a planner effectively means using it all year long– not using it the same way all year long.
Next year, you can start again.
When I first started planning, I spent a lot of time writing very small, very neat, and abbreviating words to make sure everything 'fit' into the boxes. Then, I'd be left very neat notes that I completely forgot what they meant.
Since then, I've started writing outside the boxes and detailing what I need to to do. If I couldn't remember something, it didn't do me any good to write it in the planner! If you find yourself be too brief and finding planning useless, try writing whatever comes to mind in the general boxed are. When you are done, pop on a cute sticker so that it catches your attention later.
This is exactly why I bought those list notes. 🙂 <<< And made up some free ones for you!
Whew. I understand that was a lot of information on how to use your planner effectively with some tips. I appreciate that you stuck with me! Which planner do you use every day and love? Please tell me in the comments!
GET YOUR FREE PRINTABLE PLANNER NOTE PAD HERE!


integration of website in the WordPress platform.
The Quebec CEGEP Federation called upon Spiria to overhaul the Quebec CEGEP's website which promotes the network of Quebec colleges on the international stage and fosters student mobility and international student recruitment.
A graphic design overhaul for a modern, user-friendly web site.
A multilingual web site (French, English, Spanish & Portuguese version).
A search engine embedded in the study program selector.
A modernised on-line appointment booking system.
Transform the way you do business!
Find out how we drive digital change!
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Cryptonews News Block, Coinbase Release Positive Q4 Results Amid Growing Market Uncertainty
Jaroslaw Adamowski
@jaroslaw-adamowski
25 Feb 2022 · 2 min read
Block, Coinbase Release Positive Q4 Results Amid Growing Market Uncertainty
Source: AdobeStock / Wirestock
Payments giant Block has reported positive results for the fourth quarter of 2021, signaling an unexpectedly robust outlook for this year. At the same time, major crypto exchange Coinbase also posted quarterly results that exceeded analyst expectations, but its expectations of a lower trading volume and monthly transacting users in the first quarter of 2022 brought its shares value down.
Block, which previously operated under the brand of Square, said in an earnings report that its total net revenue for the fourth quarter of 2021 was USD 4.08bn, up 29% year-on-year.
Excluding bitcoin (BTC) revenue, the firm's total net revenue was USD 2.12bn, up 51% compared with 2020.
Block's quarterly gross profit totalled USD 1.18bn which was a robust increase of 47% year-on-year, according to data from the report.
The firm's flagship peer-to-peer payment service Cash App generated gross profit of USD 518m, up 37% year over year. The Square ecosystem generated gross profit of USD 657m, up 54% year over year, the report said.
For the full year, Block's gross profit was USD 4.42bn, an increase of 62% year-on-year.
Meanwhile, Coinbase reported net revenue of USD 2.49bn for the fourth quarter of 2021, which represented a significant increase compared with analyst estimates of some USD 2bn. The company said it posted USD 840m of net income, and USD 1.2bn of Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) for the October-December 2021 period.
"We ended the year with 11.4 million Monthly Transacting Users … of whom 32% both invested and engaged with a non-investing product," Coinbase said in its shareholder letter.
Alesia Haas, CFO of Coinbase, said during the 2021 earnings call that the business is "anticipating massive industry growth to continue over the long-term. And this really informs the backdrop of our 2022 investment plan."
The CFO recognized that the first quarter of 2022 was trending softer than the previous quarter in terms of volume due to lower crypto asset prices and lower volatility.
Haas also noted that it was "difficult to forecast our business and we're entering this year with more unknowns which make it even more difficult to forecast than what I would have said last year."
"And so it is too early in the year to take a very precise view. This informs our approach where we said we will be transparent with you all. But we've provided for an average annual retail MTU [monthly transacting user] range that spans from 5 to 15 million for full year 2022," she said.
- Cash App Integrates Bitcoin Lightning Payments, LN Payments Company Gets UK Regulator's Approval
- Jack Dorsey's Block Announces Bitcoin Mining System, Building the Core Team
- Brian Armstrong Reveals Behind the Scenes of Coinbase's Super Bowl Ad
- Canadian Regulator Reports Coinbase, Kraken CEOs' Crypto Custody Tweets
- Coinbase Plans to Increase its Workforce by Around 70% This Year
- Coinbase's Volatile Weekend: Security Threat, Service Paused & Restored, Site Crash
Payments Exchanges Coinbase Bitcoin Square Cash App


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Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) Home
Astronomical Sciences (AST)
Chemistry (CHE)
Materials Research (DMR)
Mathematical Sciences (DMS)
Physics (PHY)
Office of Multidisciplinary Activities (OMA)
Get MPS/DMS Email Updates
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Contact MPS/DMS
Mathematical and Physical Sciences
This program has been archived.
Computational Science Training for Undergraduates in the Mathematical Sciences (CSUMS)
Leland Jameson ljameson@nsf.gov (703) 292-4883
Thomas Russell trussell@nsf.gov (703) 292-4863
Michael Steuerwalt msteuerw@nsf.gov (703) 292-4860
Gabor Szekely gszekely@nsf.gov (703) 292-8869 1025
Lee Zia lzia@nsf.gov (703) 292-5140
Solicitation 06-559
Important Information for Proposers
A revised version of the NSF Proposal & Award Policies & Procedures Guide (PAPPG) (NSF 22-1), is effective for proposals submitted, or due, on or after October 4, 2021. Please be advised that, depending on the specified due date, the guidelines contained in NSF 22-1 may apply to proposals submitted in response to this funding opportunity.
The goal of Computational Science Training for Undergraduates in the Mathematical Sciences (CSUMS) is to enhance computational aspects of the education and training of undergraduate students in the mathematical sciences -- mathematics and statistics -- and to better prepare these students to pursue careers and graduate study in fields that require integrated strengths in computation and the mathematical sciences. The core of the activity is long-term research experiences for cohorts of at least six undergraduates. Projects must focus on research topics that require interplay between computation and mathematics or statistics. They should expose students to contemporary mathematics, statistics, and computation, addressed with modern research tools and methods. That is, projects must be genuine research experiences rather than rehearsals of research methods. Interdisciplinary projects are encouraged, and appropriate mentorship from the disciplines involved is welcomed. In addition, we expect that projects will strengthen the research and education capacity, infrastructure, and culture of the participating institutions. To this end, we welcome projects that create models for education in the mathematical sciences and influence the direction of academic programs for a broad range of students. CSUMS is a joint effort of the Education and Human Resources (EHR) and the Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) directorates at the National Science Foundation (NSF).
THIS PROGRAM IS PART OF
What Has Been Funded (Recent Awards Made Through This Program, with Abstracts)
Map of Recent Awards Made Through This Program


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Ana Maria Braga Maffeis (São Joaquim da Barra, 1 de abril de 1949) es una presentadora de televisión, periodista y actriz brasileña.

Carrera
Ana Maria es hija del italiano Natale Giuseppe Maffeis y de la brasileña Lourdes Braga. Inició su carrera como periodista en el programa Rede Tupi de Notícias de Rede Tupi. En la prensa escrita, trabajó en la Editora Abril como directora comercial de revistas de moda como Cláudia. Ana Maria Braga logró reconocimiento nacional en la cadena Rede Record, donde presentó el programa de variedades matutino Note e Anote y el programa de entrevistas Programa Ana Maria Braga. Presenta desde 1999 el programa de variedades Mais Você en Rede Globo, acompañada de un loro llamado Louro José. Antes de iniciarse en el periodismo Braga se graduó en biología en la Universidad Estatal de Sao Paulo (UNESP), especializándose en zoología en la misma universidad. Ana también posee la ciudadanía italiana, gracias a la nacionalidad de su padre.

Filmografía

Televisión
 Presentadora
 1977-1980 Rede Tupi de Notícias (Rede Tupi)
 1993-1999 Note e Anote (Rede Record)
 1996-1999 Programa Ana Maria Braga (Rede Record)
 1999-Current Mais Você (Rede Globo)

Cine
 2001 - Xuxa e os Duendes - Zinga
 2002 - Xuxa e os Duendes 2 - No Caminho das Fadas - Zinga
 2013 - As Aventuras de Crô - Ella misma

Libros
 2009: Mais Você 10 Anos
 2010: À Espera dos Filhos da Luz
 2011: Dicas de Quase Tudo
 2011: Chef em Casa
 2011:  Mais Você: Viagens e Receitas Internacionais
 2012: A Cozinha Rápida

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Presentadores de televisión de Brasil
Actrices de cine de Brasil
Periodistas de Brasil
Alumnado de la Universidad Estatal Paulista
Nacidos en el estado de São Paulo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Община Малмьо () е разположена в лен Сконе, югоизточна Швеция с обща площ  km2 и население  души (към ). Административен център на община Малмьо е едноименния град Малмьо.

Източници

Външни препратки
 Официален сайт на община Малмьо

Общини в Швеция
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How did I do on these AR's?
legal to remove serial number on slide?
Front sight adjustment on Marlin 25?
AR15 PROTOTYPE BUMP FIRE ROD/kicker stick/riper rod..
Anybody know where I can get a reciever chromed??
Can anyone recommend a Gunsmith?
Anyone have front sight removal/installation tools for an M1 carbine?
Sig Sauer 226 DIY trigger work?
Is There A Cheap, Easy Way To Paint AK?
I need Lakefield Mark II parts!
rear take down spring help!
I think I bent the sights on my Uberti.
Need a GS to fit 92 match barrel in Berks.
Anyone know of a good epoxy for plastic that dries black?
Building an RPD from a kit?
Does this look right on my glock?
Help with AR15 barrel change?
Building a 1911 from a kit as a gift to my brother in the service. Difficulty?
In need of a gunsmith STAT!
any one in central pa build aks and like to teach?
Mosin Nagant 91/30 Dovetail Size?
Need help refinishing a gun.
Recommended hammer spring weight for 92 trigger job?
Parkerizing in or around Pittsburgh?
Attaching a sling point to a hollow buttstock'd rifle???
How has the best drive pin / roll pin kit out there?
Anyone have a spare Barrel extension pin?
Does anyone have a 6.5-284 Norma adjustable pilot reamer I could borrow or rent?
How well does rebarreling improve accuracy?
PSL/Dragunov stock on an AKM?
Any AK 'smiths in SE PA?
Protocol when leaving gun with gunsmith?
1911 gunsmith in Pittsburgh (and surrounding ctys)?
Does anyone close have a shotgun mag tube dimple raiser?
Gunsmith to shorten Redhawk barrel?
S&W revolver smith needed in Hellertown / Lehigh Valley / Quakertown area!
Can I chrome spray paint glock slide??
free float on A2 receiver..?
Sig P226 and Barsto Barrels (Difference between 40cal Conversion and Straight 9mm)?
What to do with that TANG.
WASR advice... top cover not fitting properly.
Where to get Night Sights put on an XD around New Holland?
.920 barrel on 10/22 ???


My leg hurts, Mommy. It will feel better if you put essential oils on it.
I lost my power. Isn't that that a tragedy? Isn't that terrible? I lost my power and now I can't fly. Maybe my bed took my power. Maybe my bed wanted to fly.
I'm not feeling well. I might be a little sick. But I don't seem to puke.
Remember when I was sick? I was sick on this day and this day and this day and ALL the days!
Why do you have to go to work, Mommy? So you can get the money and the dollars?
There's nothing in your pocket! No money, no dollars, no checks.
I want to have yellow hair that drags on the floor, green eyes and a purple dress!
I keep hiccuping! My hiccups won't let me talk! How can I talk to you when I have these hiccups?
Is my smoke detector watching me while I sleep? Will it say "fire"?
Mama, when are we going to make the ginger ale house?
I hope that our ginger ale house comes out like this one.
Lately my two year old daughter has been saying "Mommy don't hit me" over and over again in public. We don't even spank her so I have no idea where she's getting it from , but it is mortifying.
I agree. Kids say the darnedest things!
They live to embarrass us! I love when my 3 year old does a play by play of everything that she is doing in a public bathroom including what she hears from the surrounding stalls!


text:
Judy Byington
Restored Republic via a GCR: Update as of Dec. 19, 2018
Compiled 19 Dec. 12:01 am EST by Judy Byington
Below is a summary of information from the Internet. It would be up to the individual reader to do their own research and decide whether or not it was valid. Patience is a Virtue. Having Virtue is a sign of a good moral being. Good moral beings have the power to overcome evil and change the world.
A Special Thank You to Martha for her untiring research efforts in discerning the Truth and to Ken who uncovers unlimited intel on pedophiles to help us Save the Children.
Judy Note: Where we think we are as of early morning Wed. Dec. 19:
A. RV/GCR:
* Evidently China and Iraq have been exchanging for four weeks, US private bank exchanges have been going on since Mon. Dec. 3, the GCR/RV formally initiated in Hong Kong on Mon. Dec. 10, while as of Wed. Dec. 12 the new US Treasury Notes were live on bank screens as gold/asset-backed, plus Paymasters, Tiers 1, 2, 3, Tier 4 Group A and certain Humanitarian Projects had been paid out.
*As of Thurs. Dec. 13 Q quit posting and a temporary information blackout was in force, while Exchange/ Redemption Center Staff remained on High Alert.
* On Sat. Dec. 15 in a meeting with the Elders at the new US Treasury in Reno they authorized that emerging market countries could use their own gold/ asset-backed national currencies for trade beginning that same day of Dec. 15, the official start of the GCR/RV was set for 2am EST Sunday Dec. 16, with payments to begin by Wed. Dec. 19,
Zim redemption and requests for contract rates would be completed by Sat. Dec. 22 in order for Zimbabwe to begin use of their new national currency on Jan. 1 2019, which was the same date that general public currency exchanges would begin.
*The Plan appeared to have a Stock Market crash, and then save the economy through announcement of the global Gold/asset-backed standard. For the last four weeks the Stock Market has been fluctuating in red. On Dec. 18 Alan Greenspan told investors to get out of the Market. Federal Reserve decisions announced on Thurs. Dec. 20 could easily crash the western world equities markets and old financial banking system.
B. Indictments Unsealed = Mass Arrests = Martial Law = US Space Command = Military Tribunals
*On Fri. Dec. 7 with President Trump aboard Air Force One, the presidential plane changed its Air Traffic Call Sign to "Q 0" – said to indicate that this Fri. Dec. 7 was Day One of a countdown to Martial Law.
*Martial Law appeared to be declared the weekend of Dec. 15-16 when a "QAnon" message was sent from top US generals to the American people warning them of what was soon to occur (mass arrests). This explained why Trump was about to order the immediate creation of the US Space Command.
*Following the expected GCR/RV by or on Dec. 19 there would be a transition period of several weeks where unsealing of over 66,568 indictments would instigate mass arrests. Most of those indictments were said to contain charges of child pornography and exploitation, led by Hillary Clinton emails and Clinton Foundation evidence found on Anthony Weiner's laptop.
* Also on Wed. Dec. 19 in Florida was a scheduled liftoff of the first national security mission via the Air Force's GPS Satellite, Falcon 9. Originally scheduled for 9:11 am on Tues, some believed the launch represented a launch of the new Space Program, Restored Republic and financial system. https://www.mynews13.com/fl/orlando/space/2018/12/18/vice-president-pence-to-watch-falcon-9-launch-of-next-gen-gps-satellites
*On Dec. 21 Congress was scheduled to go on vacation, the same day as a government shutdown. Because of pending arrests on ¾ of Congress, few were expected to come back on Jan. 3 (nine days of chaos?). Q said that the FISA declassification would "bring down the House" and a Dec. 11 Intel Report stated: "U.S. government officials listed in the sealed indictments have been given notice of imminent criminal prosecution and a lifetime at GITMO."
*On Jan. 2 2019 Federal courts across the nation would begin trials for those charged and arrested as a result of the 66,568 indictments, plus Military Tribunals would start for those sent to GITMO.
C. Restored Republic = GESARA Law = New Fair Elections and Tax System
*By year's end Central Banks would be reorganized, the Federal Reserve and IRS would be eliminated and announcements would be made on the US Restored Republic, GESARA Law and a new Flat Tax System – said to be 17% on newly bought items only, with no tax on medicine or food.
*The Cabal was on notice to settle all remaining outstanding GESARA compliance issues (meaning no more wars between countries) before the new fiscal year began on Jan. 1 2019.
*Those countries and Central Banks not complying with GESARA Law would not be able to participate in the Global Currency reset and international trade.
*The new US elections would be completed sometime in April-May 2019.
Trump's Tweets: https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump?langen
Q Posts: https://qntmpkts.keybase.pub/
Sealed Indictments as of Oct. 30 (66,568): https://www.simonparkes.org/single-post/2018/12/06/Sealed-Indictments
Zim Bond Clarification: Historical Bonds were on a different platform from Zim Bonds. Some intel providers such as Tilton and Yosef have bought into Historical Bonds and generally they report on Historical Bond redemption, not on redemption of the Zim Bond. The Zim Bond was not a Historical Bond so redemption of it would have to wait for the 800#s, or contact from HSBC. The new Zim currency was different from the Zim Bond and would not be exchanged, though would be officially released on Jan. 1 2019.
D. Dec. 18 2018 The Big Call, Bruce: Thebigcall.net: 712-770-4016 pin123456#
1. Since Thurs-Fri of last week everything was pointing toward receiving the 800#s by today Dec. 18, which hasn't happened.
2. All Iraq needed to do was to announce their new Dinar rate was international, which they were supposed to do this morning Dec. 18, and which didn't happen, but should happen within the next couple of days.
3. The new Dinar rates were on bank screens in six different Middle East countries.
4. Last Sat. Dec. 15 Iraq paid the Kurds on their key cards at an incountry rate of $5.24.
5. Chase and Citibank were now connected to banks in Iraq.
6. Opec was breaking apart and would be buying their oil from the US, so now the US was controlling the price of oil. The price of oil was going down and if it went down much more it would break Iraq's budget.
7. Today Dec. 18 President Trump extended an executive order which should have cleared the way for the RV. Trump wanted this to go before Christmas.
8. Redemption Staff were on 30-40 min. call and High Alert to respond to interviews.
9. They have reduced the Zim rate on the bank screen, an agreement that was reached yesterday Dec. 17 by the banks.
10. A meeting today Dec. 18 resulted in the banks having flexibility on their perks, no fees on services and a fair return on the interest on structured payouts.
11. The redemption centers will be open 24/7 up and including Sun. Dec. 23.
12. There was a date set in Jan. that the Zim exchanges would be completed and the general public would begin exchanging.
Dec. 18 2018 QAnon Forces Prepare for Mass Arrests, Sorcha Faal:http://www.rumormillnews.com/cgi-bin/forum.cgi?read=113516
http://www.whatdoesitmean.com/index2739.htm
1. QAnon forces say the 10 December radar disappearing combat maneuver was performed over the heartland of America by a US military aircraft tasked with transporting high level prisoners.
2. At least two more of these high level prisoner transport US military aircraft have performed radar disappearing combat maneuvers over Maine and Florida. The one in Florida combined with a mysterious shadowy combat extraction exercise conducted in Miami Beach by US commandos and selected local police officers—one of whom was a SWAT officer said to have been reprimanded because he wore his "QAnon" patch while posing with Vice President Pence.
3. The "Deep State" aligned Washington Post and New York Times have erected around themselves a paywall to keep all but the elite classes from being able to read their screeds—but whose cryptic messages, instead, are meant to further the coup plot against President Trump.
4. The New Report On Russian Disinformation, Prepared For The Senate, Shows The Operation's Scale And Sweep. The report was created by a left-wing operation that previously classified more than 11 different American conservative outlets as "junk news" and though this report stated that while it is the most "comprehensive" study on all the data released, the reality proves that only "small amounts of data" have been released from major social media firms from which it based its comical claims on—the very definition of "fake news".
5. CIA director John Brennan has waged an unprecedented war for a former CIA director against a sitting president whom he likens to a Russian double agent in the White House—most outrageously his leaking to the New York Times, in February-2017 that the US intelligence community owns substantial quantities of intercepted talks and phone records of Trump campaign people communicating with Russian intelligence—but then saw the FBI having to inform the US Congress that no such documents exist.
6. Disgraced former FBI Director James Comey is continuing, to this very day, his hysterical attacks on President Trump—but whose setbacks this past week saw US Federal Judge Emmet Sullivan, yesterday, stunningly ordering to be immediately handed over to him a Comey-FBI document Special Counsel Robert Mueller had tried to keep hidden—and whose revelation of proved beyond all doubt that Comey's FBI agents had lied.
7. Trump further erupting in anger after it was discovered Mueller had illegally and secretly ordered the destruction of tens-of-thousands of FBI text messages proving this coup plot existed.
8. With American investigative reporter Michael Isikoff (whose report on alleged Trump-Russia links was cited extensively by the FBI to secure a warrant to spy on Trump adviser Carter Page) now conceding that many of the dossier's most scandalous allegations have yet to be supported by real evidence, and who just wrote "when you actually get into the details of the Steele dossier, the specific allegations, we have not seen the evidence to support them, and, in fact, there's good grounds to think that some of the more sensational allegations will never be proven and are likely false.
9. Isikoff became the first "Deep State" aligned journalist to admit the reality of the just released British Court documents showing that the Russia-Trump dossier creator, MI6 operative Christopher Steele, testified under oath and admitted that Hillary Clinton paid to him to make up these Trump-Russia collusion lies so she could use them to contest her election loss to Trump and overthrow him in a coup.
10. As to why "Deep State" aligned journalist Michael Isikoff went from being one of the main creators of the Russiagate hoax, to his now admitting it was all lies, this report concludes, shows clearing the fear spreading all across the elite leftist strongholds of America due to the actions of QAnon.
11. QAnon power began within weeks of Trump being elected when they showed their power in being able to protect them—continued with their commando extraction exercises to capture high value prisoners in Obama's hometown of Chicago—another such high value prisoner capture exercise being conducted just mere miles from Hillary Clinton's New York compound.
12. Martial Law was declared this past weekend when a "QAnon" message was sent from top US generals to the American people warning them of what is soon to occur.
13. This explained why Trump is about to order the immediate creation of the US Space Command.
F. Dec. 18 2018 Alan Greenspan to investors: 'Run for cover':https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/18/business/alan-greenspan-stock-market-party-over/index.html
G. Dec. 18 2018 Four Things Need to Happen for a Stock Market Reversal, Cramer:https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/17/cramer-four-things-need-to-happen-for-the-stock-market-to-bottom.html
CNBC's Jim Cramer says four things need to happen for the stock market to find a true bottom. The Federal Reserve, investor confidence, top tech stocks and trade are the keys to a reversal, he says. The "Mad Money" host says "this is the most treacherous market" he's seen since the financial crisis
Dec. 18 2018 8:29 pm EST Bringing the Central Bank to it's Knees, X22 Report:X22 Report: Moves and Contermoves to Bring the Central Bank to its Knees
Housing permits bounce, starts decline. Vegas traffic is drying up, nobody is going to look at homes. The breakdown of the economy is getting worse, but this is the plan. Take the central bank economy and destroy it. Trump continues to contradict the Fed, tells the Fed not wise to raise rates. As the Fed raises rates it is also making itself insolvent. All part of the plan.
J. Dec. 18 2018 8:08 pm EST Executive Order to Continue National Emergency Extended for One Year:"Executive Order Extended for 1 Year" by Sierra (NZ) – 12.18.18On Dec. 18
President Trump extended for one year the vital Executive Order that spells death to the cabal: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/text-notice-continuation-national-emergency-respect-serious-human-rights-abuse-corruption/
https://inteldinarchronicles.blogspot.com/2018/12/restored-republic-via-gcr-update-as-of_19.html
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