text:
What Yahoo and Acer can teach Windows 8 app developers
A new study that measures app usage on Windows 8 PCs finds that Metro style apps are gaining traction slowly. But a surprising result suggests that app developers who deliberately break Microsoft's design guidelines are most likely to win users over.
By Ed Bott for The Ed Bott Report | May 22, 2013 -- 15:00 GMT (08:00 PDT) | Topic: Developer
Microsoft has sold plenty of licenses for Windows 8. Six months after its launch, the company announced that 100 million licenses had been sold, with each one representing an upgrade copy or a PC that had rolled off the assembly line and was ready for sale. A rough extrapolation from current usage share figures collected by NetMarketShare and StatCounter suggests that 60-70 million of those PCs are in use today.
But how many people are actually trying out the signature feature of Windows 8, its new apps? And how many are continuing to use those apps on a daily basis?
Microsoft collects usage data through its opt-in Customer Experience Improvement Program. So far, however, it's only disclosed the number of apps available in the Windows Store.
That leaves the data collection and analysis to third parties. A new report from Soluto. "Windows 8 Metro Apps Usage," suggests that the new apps are gaining traction, albeit slowly. And the most engaging apps, the ones that people download, install, and use regularly, are coming from some surprising sources. The number-one app on the list? Yahoo Mail.
Soluto collects details from users of its PC management software, which is primarily aimed at IT pros who support small businesses and consumers. The data is collected from a management agent that runs on client computers. (If you manage PCs for family members, you should try the free version.)
For this report, the company analyzed roughly one month's worth of data from 10,848 Windows 8 machines, including desktop PCs, laptops (with and without touchscreens), and tablets. The sample population included 200 separate models from (in alphabetical order) Acer, Apple, Asus, Dell, HP, Lenovo, Samsung, and Toshiba.
A few highlights from the report:
The survey recorded 9,634 unique Metro style Windows 8 apps that had been launched at least once.
Owners of touchscreen-enabled laptops are 47% more likely to use Windows 8 apps than those with a standard laptop/notebook.
Not surprisingly, tablet owners launch nearly twice as many Windows 8 apps as do their counterparts on desktop PCs. More surprising is the finding that nearly 40 percent of desktop users launch at least one Windows 8 app every day
Among the built-in Windows 8 apps, the Windows Communications Apps (a single package that includes Mail, People, Messaging, and Calendar) was launched at least once by more than 85 percent of all Windows 8 PC owners. The Photos, Reader, and Camera apps were launched at least once by 44 percent, 27 percent, and 13 percent of Windows 8 users, respectively. The remaining Microsoft-written apps were largely ignored by the owners of Windows 8 PCs.
Among third-party apps, only Netflix made the top 10. Its app was downloaded and installed from the Windows Store and used at least once by roughly 8 percent of the sample population. Google Search was the second most popular non-Microsoft app, with slightly less than 4 percent of the sample trying it at least once.
The most interesting data in the report measures the level of engagement on the part of app users. For this statistic, Soluto starts by counting the number of Windows 8 users in its sample who have launched an app at least once, and then calculates the average number of times that app is used per week. That methodology tends to punish Microsoft's built-in apps, which are preinstalled on every Windows 8 PC and in some cases are set as the default app for common file types: Photos for JPEGs and Reader for PDFs, for example. A PC owner is more likely to stick with an app that he or she deliberately downloaded and installed from the Windows Store.
With that caveat in mind, it's still startling to see which Windows 8 apps are used most often.
Yahoo Mail? Yes, indeed. Hardcore techies might scoff, but Yahoo has hundreds of millions of loyal mail users worldwide, and its Windows 8 app, released in December, was built with those mainstream users in mind.
Yahoo's app snubs Microsoft's user experience guidelines for Metro style apps, with a large logo and a command bar along the top of the screen. When you're reading a message, there are prominent buttons to reply to a message, delete it, or search your mailbox. Microsoft's built-in apps, by contrast, force the user to find the hidden search charm, and most other options are hidden on a command bar that only appears when you swipe from the bottom of the screen or right-click.
You won't find the second and third items on the list in the Windows Store unless you own a PC built by Acer or its Gateway subsidiary. These apps are preinstalled on Acer PCs, but weren't on my machine. I downloaded and installed the Social Jogger app on an Acer touchscreen PC. Here's a shot of the app in action.
One secret of this app's success is that some of the Gateway PCs on which it's installed include a dedicated key for accessing the app directly. But it's also worth noting that the app contains prominent branding and four action buttons that are always visible in the upper right portion of the app. Again, making the app's commands discoverable and not hiding them appears to have paid off for Acer.
Number four on the list is Lync MX, the Windows 8 version of Microsoft's unified communication suite. Although there's a more powerful desktop version of Lync, the Windows 8 release is easier to set up and much easier to use. And not coincidentally, it's also incredibly touch-friendly, with an always-visible search button and easy commands for placing calls to other Lync users.
In fact, if there's a single takeaway from this report, it should be a call to action to Windows 8 app developers: Don't be afraid to break the Metro rules and put common commands right on the app screen. Your customers will thank you. More importantly, they'll come back.
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Live Q&A With Ashlee Simpson Ross
4:25pm – 5pm
Neiman Marcus – Bloomingdale's Courtyard at Fashion Island
Since bursting on the scene as a teenager, Ashlee Simpson-Ross has proven she is determined, authentic and resilient.
Ashlee became one of the biggest names in pop music in 2004 when she released her debut album Autobiography. It debuted at number one on Billboard's album chart and went on to sell over five million copies worldwide. No matter where you went, you couldn't avoid hearing the album's monster hit "Pieces of Me," which hit the Top 5 and went gold.
Co-writing all of the songs on Autobiography, Ashlee proved she tapped into the hearts and minds of a generation. Whether it was singing about insecurity in the hit single "Shadow" or exhibiting her flirtatious side in "La, La," Ashlee illustrated there were many layers beneath her powerful voice. The album's success brought Ashlee many accolades including the Billboard Music Award for Best New Female Artist of the Year and two Teen Choice Awards.
When Ashlee released her sophomore album I Am Me in 2005, it also debuted at number one and earned multi-platinum status. In 2008, her Top 5 album Bittersweet won over critics and fans.
After touring the world to sold-out shows, Ashlee set her sights on theater. In 2006 she took on the role of Roxie Hart in the West End production of Chicago. Her captivating stage presence earned rave reviews. Broadway took notice. Ashlee made her Broadway debut in Chicago reprising the role of Roxie.
Ashlee's success is anything but accidental. As a little girl in Texas, she always had the ambition to be a star. She took her first ballet class when she was 3 years old. Her dedication paid off. At 11 years old she became the youngest person accepted to the School of American Ballet in New York City. Television soon came calling. Ashlee delighted viewers and gained a fan base playing Cecilia Smith in the long-running family drama 7th Heaven. Chronicling the recording process of the Autobiography album, MTV's reality series The Ashlee Simpson Show became a bona fide hit. In 2009, Ashlee kept audiences on the edge of their seats playing the vindictive Violet Foster in the CW's reboot of Melrose Place.
But for all the hit songs, awards and roles she has played, Ashlee says her biggest achievement is her family. Ashlee has a 9-year old son Bronx. In 2014 she married Evan Ross and a year later they welcomed their daughter Jagger Snow.
Last year, she set the music industry on fire once again with a new EP with her husband, Evan Ross, which garnered a #2 iTunes hit single, I Do. They also starred in their own docu-series, Ashlee + Evan, on E!. The couple's creative ventures also included a unisex clothing line they have conceived and designed. Named after their daughter Jagger Snow, the line that ignores labels will be available at Zadig & Voltaire.
Ashlee once said, "Fear is not something I live by. I'd rather got to the edge and see what happens." For close to two decades, audiences have seen Ashlee touch the stars, navigate life's ups and downs and come through it all filled with love and a song to sing.
Twitter: @ashleesimpson
Instagram: ashleesimpsonross

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Óscar Bonfiglio Martínez (né le  - mort le ) est un footballeur et entraîneur mexicain qui joue au poste de gardien de but.

Surnommé El Yori, il participe à la Coupe du monde de football 1930 avec le Mexique.

Biographie
Il est le premier gardien de but de l'histoire de la Coupe du monde à avoir encaissé un but, contre la France (but de Lucien Laurent).

En deux matchs, il encaisse dix buts dans le tournoi mais se distingue en repoussant un penalty tiré par l'Argentin Fernando Paternoster. Il est finalement le gardien ayant encaissé le plus de buts dans cette coupe du monde.

Il remporte le championnat du Mexique amateur en 1929 avec le club de Marte.

Son fils, Oscar Morelli (1936-2005) est un célèbre acteur mexicain.

Notes et références

Naissance dans l'État de Sonora
Naissance en octobre 1905
Décès en novembre 1987
Footballeur international mexicain
Joueur du CD Marte
Gardien de but au football
Entraîneur mexicain de football
Footballeur aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1928
Décès à 82 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
POLICE: Missing Florida man may be our area
SAVANNAH, Ga. (WJCL) - Police are looking for a missing Florida man in the Savannah or Hilton Head area. Officers said Connor Stephen Pace, 27, was last seen June 18 near the parking garage at the intersection of Congress and Drayton Street.Pace is a white male, about 200 pounds and stands 5-feet, 9-inches tall. He has brown hair and blue eyes, and could possibly be in the downtown Savannah area or Hilton Head.Anyone with any information on Pace's whereabouts should contact the SCMPD tip line. The tip line is open directly to investigators by dialing (912) 525-3124.Information may also be forwarded to CrimeStoppers at (912) 234-2020. Tipsters remain anonymous and may qualify for a cash reward.
SAVANNAH, Ga. (WJCL) - Police are looking for a missing Florida man in the Savannah or Hilton Head area.
Officers said Connor Stephen Pace, 27, was last seen June 18 near the parking garage at the intersection of Congress and Drayton Street.
Pace is a white male, about 200 pounds and stands 5-feet, 9-inches tall. He has brown hair and blue eyes, and could possibly be in the downtown Savannah area or Hilton Head.
Anyone with any information on Pace's whereabouts should contact the SCMPD tip line. The tip line is open directly to investigators by dialing (912) 525-3124.
Information may also be forwarded to CrimeStoppers at (912) 234-2020. Tipsters remain anonymous and may qualify for a cash reward.


text:
Sasha and the Dragon
by Laura E. Wolfe, illustrated by Nicholas Malara
Walking the lonely streets of a new, unfamiliar town, Sasha feels displaced and alone. His grandmother is dying; the children in the neighborhood laugh when he walks by. And there is a dragon under his bed—he is sure! When Sasha cries for help, God and His saints hear him, and he has an experience that both changes his life and sweetens his soul.
Sasha and the Dragon is a modern fairy tale to be treasured by children and adults alike.
Praise for Sasha and the Dragon from parents and readers:
I could not have received Sasha and the Dragon at a better time in our children's life. Our little 'Sasha' had been having his own fears and this book was instrumental in helping him face these dragons through the intersessions of Archangel Michael. -MamaBirdEmma, Charming the Birds from the Trees blog
The powerful image of St. Michael coming to Sasha's aid is one that will stick in children's minds and make its way to their hearts. -Lisa A., Through the Mind to the Heart blog
This book EMPOWERS our children to face their fears. It is beautifully written, and captures the heart of something we all face as we grow up. At first, I thought the dragon in the book might be scary to my girls, but the story had the opposite effect. They were captivated… -Erin Lynn
I sit with tears of gratitude tonight after reading this beautiful story twice to my 5-year-old who struggles with many worries. He was white and tense during the first pages, but as soon as St. Michael's sword showed up, he was awestruck… The joy and excitement in his eyes said it all. -GS
From KIRKUS REVIEWS | VOL. LXXXVII | I JUNE 2019:
An immigrant boy calls on St. Michael to chase away his dragon-shaped fears in this picture book by debut author Wolfe and illustrator Malara (A Child's Guide to Confession, 2019). In what appears to be the early 20th century, Sasha moves to a big city from a small village in Russia. It's a frightening place; his Baba (grandmother) is apparently sick, American boys make fun of him, and too-tall buildings hide the sky. At night, Sasha sees shadows of monsters, and one night, a shadowy dragon crawls out from under his bed. Sasha begs for help from St. Michael, the archangel, through the icon on his bedroom wall. At this point, Malara mimics the authentic style of Russian Orthodox icons, contrasting with the rest of the illustrations. The angel defeats the dragon—and Sasha's fears. When the boy awakens to a world filled with light, revealed dramatically in the hues of Malara's paintings, he confronts his fears of the mean kids, and his grandmother's sickness, with gestures of peace. Adults may wish to read this book together with youngsters due to its challenging vocabulary and sometimes-frightening images. However, Sasha's spiritual journey is sure to have strong appeal. A beautifully poetic book about the immigrant experience, facing fears, and faith.
About the Author: Laura E. Wolfe is a summa cum laude graduate of Kutztown University who lives and works in rural Pennsylvania. She won literary recognition in the "Almost an Inkling" Creative Writing Contest sponsored by Signum University in the fall of 2015, and her short stories and poetry have been published in The Soul of Wit, an anthology of sub-creative fiction from Oloris Publishing. She and her family are members of St. Paul Antiochian Orthodox Church in Emmaus, Pennsylvania.
About the Illustrator: Nicholas Malara grew up in the Denver, Colorado USA where he earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in Illustration. He has been blessed with a career in professional art for over sixteen years. Since his conversion ten years ago, he has also been a student of Orthodox Iconography. He currently resides in Spokane, Washington with his wife and two children.


text:
How do electrons divide?
Electrons show a banded distribution at the end of a double-slit experiment set-up. This banded pattern shows that wave interference prevents many electrons from reaching areas where probability is lowest.
My question is about how an electron can pass through both slits without dividing because electrons are detected in whole at the end of the experiment.
How does a single object pass through two separate areas (the two slits) at once?
quantum-mechanics electrons double-slit-experiment interference wave-particle-duality
WookieWookie
$\begingroup$ Because it is a wave and a particle. Welcome to the weird world of quantum mechanics. $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ Nobody knows for sure....that's why this Wikipedia page is so long...en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/… $\endgroup$
– StudyStudy
$\begingroup$ read contra the weird world of particle and wvae duality physics.stackexchange.com/questions/561142/… $\endgroup$
– HolgerFiedler
A wave function is not a particle until it is detected.
The wave function relates to the relative likelihood of detecting the particle at each point & time.
Whereas a wave function is spread out in both space and time, a particle can have a definite position or momentum at a given moment.
So, the electron does not divide. The wave function divides. The wavefunction behaves as a wave and so can pass through both slits- as long as the detection method leaves the trajectory of the electron indeterminate.
S. McGrewS. McGrew
$\begingroup$ I see. The wave function gives equal probability to each slit. $\endgroup$
– Wookie
$\begingroup$ Yes, if the amplitude of the wavefunction is the sam at each slit. $\endgroup$
– S. McGrew
It takes an aura of mystery to get enough attention. The interpretation of the double-slit experiment is such a thing. "It is beyond our imagination, it is quantum mechanical" is the wonderful sentence that makes us think and always ask questions.
The answer of PhysicsDave is the one that is different from the other answers:
The electron does not split into 2 parts ... it chooses one slit or the other. The wave properties are a result of the EM field which influences all charge particle trajectories. It is the wave property that results in the banding (not the interaction of 2 electrons in some kind of superposition).
This is the key. You have the electron with its electric and its magnetic field and you have the edge (of the slit(s)) with its field.To understand it, remember that under certain technical circumstances we are able to couple EM radiation into the skin surface of a material and obtain surface plasmons. What you get are surface plasmon polariton waves, and these waves can exit the material and radiate again.
The wonderful mystery of the slit experiments includes the refusal to consider alternatives. The alternative is simple. The particle interacts with the edge region in a quantized way and the deflections lead to the intensity distribution on the screen.
More information can be found in the answer to the question How does the Huygens principle explain interference?.
HolgerFiedlerHolgerFiedler
Because, although it is a single object, it is a wave and thus not a local object which can be described by a point moving in space, but rather a non local thing: a wave which moves through space and therefore passes both slits simultaneously. When one tries to describe an electron and perform an experiment to detect it as a such one loses the interference pattern.
Nelson Vanegas A.Nelson Vanegas A.
$\begingroup$ I like your description because it highlights a happening and deflects the classical notion of an object moving through a separate empty space. Thank you. $\endgroup$
To say a substantially similar thing to the existing answers in very different words, quantum mechanics is now known to be a deeply nonlocal theory: you cannot carve the world up into subsystems moving around and containing hidden classical information obeying a classical probability model, without allowing that information to affect other information in other subsystems instantaneously at a distance.
It is a "relativistic" nonlocality, which means that the nonlocality can only be observed in correlations between two different experiments but those experiments' results need to be brought back together (by classical processes) into one place to detect that nonlocality. This forbids using QM to observably transfer information any faster than the speed of light. Sometimes this is explicit, so for example in "quantum teleportation" one party must send a couple bits of classical information to the other party for them to "descramble" the teleported state and then use it normally.
When Feynman says that the double slit experiment contains the heart of quantum mechanics, I think this is really what he is driving at. He is saying that this aspect of nonlocality is present even here. So for example the pilot-wave interpretations of quantum mechanics have the particle go through one or the other of the slits, but the fact that it could have gone through the other causes its pilot wave to pass through the other slit, and the interference on the pilot wave causes the electron to not hit the various "dead zones" on the detector screen. The pilot wave is itself a manifestation of this nonlocality, the electron goes through one slit but it can nonlocally "see" that the other slit was available to go through.
My favorite demonstration of this nonlocality is a game for a team of 3 people to try to beat us scientists. We, the people setting up the game, split the team into 3 rooms and then either set up a "control round" where the three are all given the same goal, call it Goal A, or "betrayal rounds" where one person is given this goal A but the other two are told to accomplish the opposite, call it Goal B, so that the one person is unwittingly "betraying" the other two because they have the wrong information about the goal. The 3-person team has to somehow detect and correct for this "traitor" if they want to win the round and accomplish the "true" goal B; but we can relativistically separate the rooms so that they cannot classically communicate with each other. Classical teams can satisfy at most 3 of 4 possible equations, so if we set up those 4 possibilities to be equally likely, they can only win a maximum of 75% of the time. Teams who share a quantum state can cooperate to win the game 100% of the time in theory -- today they would be limited sharply by our ability to keep these delicate "entangled states" truly "coherent" in ways that would allow them to actually win 100% of the time.
But the point is, we know the classical picture quite exhaustively; the classical picture of probability allows you to transform the above problem into one where we say to all three team members separately, "okay if we gave you goal A what would you answer? and if we gave you goal B what would you answer?" and then afterwards look at all four setups AAA, ABB, BAB, BBA and choose each one with a 25% probability, and we would have a 25% chance of hitting the one that they did not choose. The experimental-setup choice of "what situation are we setting up?" can "commute" with the "what is your strategy?" choice. In quantum mechanics, this commutation cannot happen in this way.
CR DrostCR Drost
$\begingroup$ It took me a while to grasp all that CR. Great answer! $\endgroup$
In the ensemble interpretation the wave function describes an ensemble of particles rather than a single one. Some electrons go through one slit and others through the other. It does not solve the mystery of the wave function and the probabilistic nature of QM, but it avoids this and similar paradoxes.
my2ctsmy2cts
An electron is a particle with wave properties. The electron does not split into 2 parts ... it chooses one slit or the other. The wave properties are a result of the EM field which influences all charge particle trajectories. It is the wave property that results in the banding (not the interaction of 2 electrons in some kind of superposition).
IMO the electron behaves similarly to Feynman interpretation of a photon in the DSE. Thus the electron is most likely to travel a path length n times its wavelength....and this in turn allows/favours certain paths while disallowing others. The emitting atom/electron field combined with the receiving atom/electrons field are optimal for optimal path length.
PhysicsDavePhysicsDave
$\begingroup$ In Paragraph 1 you say the electron chooses one slit and in Paragraph 2 you say the wavelength determines the path. So, combining those we can say the wavelength determines which slit the electron chooses. Is this correct to an extent? $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ Sort of yes, the wavelength determines the possible paths (note the plural) but it is also the wavelength as it relates to the geometric setup of the experiment (slit width and separation, source to slits and slits to screen distances, etc) that determine the possible paths. The electron is behaving quantum mechanically, it will choose an allowed path based on probabilities, with most going to the central max. $\endgroup$
– PhysicsDave
$\begingroup$ PhysicsDave, I took your answer as the basis for my own. $\endgroup$
Because an electron is not just a particle, it is also a wave. This is is known as wave-particle duality. So if you think of an electron as a wave, you can think of it kind of like a wave of water going through two slits, it will create an interference pattern on the screen. Here is a video hosted by Brian Greene that gives it a good visual.
roshokaroshoka
$\begingroup$ Thank you for the explanation and video. I don't hear so well at the moment but the visual was helpful. Brian Greene sure is a fast bowler. $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ No problem. Here's the full documentary (where the clip comes from) if you're interested youtube.com/watch?v=311baBOQARQ $\endgroup$
– roshoka
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged quantum-mechanics electrons double-slit-experiment interference wave-particle-duality or ask your own question.
How do subatomic particles have mass, velocity, spin etc if they are waves?
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If only one slit is observed in the Double Slit experiment, will the unobserved slit produce an interference pattern?
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Electrons are interfering with what?
Double slit experiment with quarter wave plate and polarization detector
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Would the central fringe in the Double Slit Experiment be less populated if we negatively charge the spot between the two slits?


text:
Eclipse and SWT: What's missing
02004-03-10T20:09:00+00:00
The Eclipse project has developed a toolkit which allows you to write Java applications via an application toolkit called JFace. This in turn uses a toolkit called SWT to provide native user interface objects to your Java program. End result: native look and feel, faster applications.
So, if you're a software developer, go take a look at the Eclipse web site. See if you can spot what's missing.
Hint: It's something incredibly important. So important that it ought to be on the main navigator. Yet incredibly, it isn't.
OK, I'll tell you what's missing from the Eclipse project.
There's no fucking documentation.
Sure, there are a bunch of articles they link to. But an article in Java Programmer Monthly does not constitute an API reference manual.
Nor do the crappy comments extracted from the source code via JavaDoc. Yet as far as I can tell, that's all the documentation that exists for the entire project inside or outside IBM.
Yes, there are third party books, or at least there will be soon. But third party books aren't a good substitute for actual documentation either, because (a) they're usually out of date by the time they're printed, (b) they're often written by someone with appalling programming habits, and (c) in this case the authors of the books are likely having to guess what the hell the code does as well.
Lack of documentation is a defect. It indicates crappy development practices. Any time someone suggests that you use a particular toolkit, ask to see the documentation. If it isn't clear and well-indexed, run like hell in the other direction, because it's a fairly safe bet the code will be even worse. (Hello, Struts.)
Learning J2EE, continued
Up and limping with J2EE
J2EE in a nutshell
J2EE is teh suck
Thats Mr Smartass, thanks
© mathew 02019


text:
Der Tourismus gehört seit Jahrzehnten zu den bedeutenden Einnahmequellen Italiens.

Mit 65 Millionen Touristen pro Jahr (2019) ist Italien laut ISTAT das fünfthäufigste besuchte Land bei internationalen Touristenankünften, aber das zweitgrößte nach Spanien in Bezug auf die Übernachtungen in Hotels mit insgesamt 220,7 Millionen Übernachtungen ausländischer Besucher von 432,6 Millionen Besuchern.

Italien gehört zu den klassischen Reisezielen der Welt. Beliebte Ziele sind die Alpen, die Küstengebiete am Ligurischen und Adriatischen Meer, zahlreiche historische Städte, Museen, archäologische Ausgrabungsstätten, sowie der Karneval in Venedig.

Der italienische Beitrag zum kulturellen und historischen Erbe Europas und der Welt ist beachtenswert. Als Kreuzweg der Zivilisationen des Mittelmeerraumes, Zentrum des Römischen Reiches, Sitz des Papsttums und Wiege der Renaissance spielte Italien eine entscheidende Rolle und wurde zum Ausgangsland der europäischen Kunst, Kultur und Forschung.

Italien hat insgesamt schätzungsweise 100.000 Denkmäler jeglicher Art (Museen, Schlösser, Statuen, Kirchen, Galerien, Villen, Brunnen, historische Häuser und archäologische Funde). Es ist das Land mit den meisten Welterbestätten der UNESCO (58). Die in Italien befindlichen Welterbestätten reichen von einzelnen Gebäuden über ganze Kernstädte bis zu thematisch übergreifenden Gruppen wie den Felsbildern des Valcamonica, prähistorischen Pfahlbauten, den mit der Herrschaft der Langobarden verbundenen Orten oder einer Gruppe spätbarocker Städte.

Statistiken

Entwicklung der Anzahl internationaler Gäste

Als internationale Gäste zählen alle Personen, die aus dem Ausland anreisen und mindestens einmal in Italien übernachten. Angegeben sind zudem die getätigten Ausgaben dieser Gäste gerechnet in US-Dollar.

Internationalen Ankunft
Im Jahr 2019 waren die wichtigsten ausländischen Herkunftsländer laut ISTAT-Daten:

Übernachtungen nach Ländern
Im Jahr 2019 waren die wichtigsten ausländischen Herkunftsländer laut ISTAT-Daten:

Reiseziele (Auswahl)
Amalfiküste: Küstenabschnitt in Kampanien
Alberobello: durch ihre Kegelbauten (Trulli) bekannte Stadt in Apulien.
Apennin: 1500 km langer Gebirgszug der sich von der Poebene bis nach Sizilien zieht.
Ätna: aktiver Vulkan auf Sizilien und mit rund 3323 Meter über dem Meeresspiegel der höchste Vulkan Europas.
Capri: Insel im Golf von Neapel
Catania: mit dem Dom, dem Castello Ursino und dem Teatro Massimo.
Cinque Terre: Küstenabschnitt der Italienischen Riviera, mit den fünf Dörfern Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola und Riomaggiore.
Dolomiten: ein durch seine eindrucksvollen Berglandschaften beliebtes Ziel.
Florenz: mit der Kathedrale, den Uffizien und einer großen Anzahl von Kulturdenkmälern.
Mailand: mit dem Dom und dem Teatro alla Scala.
Matera: bekannt für seine Altstadt, die zu einem erheblichen Teil aus Höhlensiedlungen, den Sassi, besteht.
Neapel: Großstadt bei den Phlegräischen Feldern am Fuße des Vesuv, mit Pompeji.
Oberitalienische Seen: wie Comer See, Gardasee, Lago Maggiore und Luganersee.
Palermo: Italiens fünftgrößte Stadt und das politische sowie kulturelle Zentrum Siziliens.
Pisa: mit dem weltberühmten schiefen Turm und Dom zu Pisa.
Rimini: am Adriatischen Meer gelegene Stadt und ein Zentrum des Badetourismus.
Rom: die "Ewige Stadt" mit zahlreichen Sehenswürdigkeiten wie dem Kolosseum, dem Trevi-Brunnen, dem Forum Romanum, der Engelsburg, dem Pantheon und der Vatikanstadt.
San Gimignano: Kleinstadt in der Toskana mit einem mittelalterlichen Stadtkern, auch "Stadt der Türme" genannt.
Südtirol: mit klimatisch begünstigten Tallagen und vielfältigen Wintersportmöglichkeiten.
Venedig: mit dem Markusplatz, dem Canal Grande, der Rialtobrücke und dem Karneval.
Verona: mit der antiken Arena und dem berühmtesten Balkon der Literaturgeschichte (Haus der Julia (Casa di Giulietta))

Siehe auch

 Welterbe in Italien
 I borghi più belli d'Italia
 Liste der Museen in Italien
 Liste der Dome und Kathedralen in Italien
 Liste der Basiliken in Italien
 Liste von Burgen und Schlössern in Italien
 Liste der Skigebiete in Italien
 Liste von Bergen und Erhebungen in Italien
 Liste von Vulkanen in Italien
 Liste der Seen in Italien
 Liste italienischer Inseln
 Nationalparks in Italien
 Regionalparks in Italien
 Italienische Küche
 Italienische Reise, Reisebericht von Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
 Liste deutscher Bezeichnungen italienischer Orte

Weblinks

 Website der Staatlichen Italienischen Zentrale für Tourismus
 Website des Staatlichen Italienischen Fremdenverkehrsamtes

Einzelnachweise


Since sociocracy was introduced in North America, problems with the name "sociocracy" have hounded it. Unlike European countries, Americans associate sociocracy negatively with "socialism," sociocracy is harder to say in English than in many other languages. Unfortunately, the rejection of the word "sociocracy" and the use of alternatives continue to confuse the public and obstruct efforts to develop a cohesive image, a "brand" in the current marketing vernacular.
Some of the various names for methods based on the principles fo sociocracy are Dynamic Governance, Bio-Dynamic Governance, Dynamic Self-Governance, Holacracy, and most recently, Circle Forward. All are unique in emphasis and aim but share the same principles. One solution to unifying the field would for all to use a common phrase as a subtitle or in descriptive content. "Implementing the principles of sociocracy" or "an implementation of sociocracy." This would clarify confusion and unify forces while allowing unique identities, business branding, etc.
Acknowledging a common methodological base would also encourage more dialogue about the nature if that base. This kind of dialogue about methods of teaching and practicing would be valuable to all. It would provide the kind of analysis that is necessary to the further development and application of sociocracy.


text:
Molophilus paradiceros är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Alexander 1967. Molophilus paradiceros ingår i släktet Molophilus och familjen småharkrankar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Småharkrankar
paradiceros


Gabriel Luna is playing the next Terminator in the 2019 reboot directed by Tim Miller (Deadpool) and produced by James Cameron. Gabriel is perhaps best known for playing the role of Robbie Reyes and the Ghost Rider in the Marvel TV series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
Although the details of the movie are currently very limited and secretive, Gabriel has been sharing some behind the scenes photos and videos on his social media platforms. This includes some intriguing set photos, but also a number of photos and videos that provide some insights into his training for the role.
Despite being 6 foot tall and in great shape, Gabriel is clearly not the same size as Arnold Schwarzenegger, so the suggestion is that he will be a newer more slender model of Terminator. Alternatively he could be a T-1000 as per the roles played by Robert Patrick in Terminator 2 and Byung-Hun Lee in Terminator Genisys.
The video below shows Gabriel's physique and workout preparation for the movie.
Fans of the original Terminator movies by James Cameron will be pleased to know that Arnold and Linda Hamilton will be reprising their roles. Tim Miller has stated that he is really hoping to further develop the battle hardened character of Sarah Connor which should be really interesting.
The movie is currently scheduled for release in November 2019.


Different exercises are available at the end of each lesson. Сomplete them and don't forget to send them to be corrected by native speakers.
Learn the languages anytime, anywhere with the busuu app even when you don't have an Internet connection. Just download the lessons and charge the phone!
Constantly test your knowledge. These mini-tests will help you to track your progress.
Emma, language content creator at busuu, gives advice how to start speaking foreign languages.
How can I learn the language efficiently?
What are the most challenging parts of learning languages?
Find a perfect time to learn a word or a grammar rule - just 10 minutes is enough. You could plan your lessons to fit your personal schedule. You don't need to be in a rush for a language lesson at a school.
You can meet people from all around the world and practice your language skills. Your foreign friends could become the best teachers, with whom you'll be confident enough to practice.
Choose the topics you are interested in or the way of memorising words that is the most efficient for you. You can also choose the intensity and set the results you're aiming for. Just start!
Mediæval Bæbes - they sing in more than 10 languages! Are you ready to listen all their albums?
El Pollito Pio - listen to this song and it will play in your head forever.
The Simpsons - these American series have been translated into different languages.
TedTalks - listen to the most famous scientists, psychologists and politicians across all the world!
Disney cartoons - learn with Anastasia or Aladin.
I wanted to speak German since I was a kid. Thanks to busuu, my dream came true. When I met German tourists, I could help them to find the way and also talk to them in German. Thank you busuu for the knowledge!
I want to sat that busuu is the amazing language learning platform, that helped me to learn languages in an easy way. It helped me to learn Spanish. So I could speak with my relatives. I spent an amazing time communicating with them.
Travelling is my passion. So it is important for me to speak the language of the country that I am planning to visit. Thanks to busuu, I already could understand three languages. Now I am learning Polish and Russian - and it's not so difficult!


"Until you realize your backup's shot, too. It's hard to come up with a backup backup plan."
Very true. Actually IT was sort of the backup backup. The previous job was a stop-gap until I could get into what I really wanted to do but it just went on too long - about a dozen years too long. So when I ran out of IT it was time to retire.
When they talk about working life extending into the 70s or whatever it becomes a serious problem. I suspect there's nothing I'd have been able to stick for more than 20 years.


text:
Home / Blog / What kind of diseases can be detected through genetic testing?
What kind of diseases can be detected through genetic testing?
May 28, 2020 Posted by: Francesca Tarquinio
Here's why genetic testing can help you to detect some diseases
Tests using blood samples usually require a prescription, but saliva samples, which are less invasive than the first type, ask consumers to simply spit in a tube or swab the inside of their cheek.
Genetic markers if present, may signal susceptibilities to certain health conditions. These markers, called SNPs (or single nucleotide polymorphisms), are variations in gene sequences. SNPs don't cause disease, but can help determine the chances of developing a certain illness.
Results indicating you're at above-average risk for contracting a disease don't guarantee you'll get it, just as results showing no risk markers don't mean you won't. But for some, acting on the information like deciding to quit smoking or make diet changes may help prevent the disease's development or lessen its effects.
Here's some disease to be detected through genetic testing.
Breast and ovarian cancer
The vast majority of the more than 200,000 breast cancer diagnoses given to American women each year occur in those with no known family history of the disease, but 5 to 10 percent are due to up to three genetic mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes.
BRCA genes belong to a class known as tumor suppressors. When mutated, they can allow uncontrolled cell growth. Women with mutations in these genes are about five times more likely to develop breast cancer than those without them, and are between 15 and 40 times more likely to develop ovarian cancer.
An autoimmune condition triggered by proteins called gluten that are found in wheat, barley and rye, celiac disease attacks the tissues of the small intestine, causing diarrhea and abdominal pain. About 2 million Americans are affected.
Many people with celiac disease have no symptoms, however, and the condition can mimic others such as irritable bowel syndrome. The only treatment is to stick to a gluten-free diet, which prevents intestinal damage.
Celiac disease is up to 87 percent attributable to genetics. Tests look for specific versions of genes for an immune system protein called HLA-DQ. The protein is encoded by a set of genes on chromosome 6.
About 1 in 22 people with a sibling, parent or child with celiac disease will develop it themselves. Those with a second-degree relative (an aunt, uncle, niece, nephew, grandparent, grandchild or half-sibling) have a 1 in 39 risk.
Also known as manic-depressive disorder, bipolar disorder is a mental illness marked by severe mood swings from despair to euphoria. Bipolar disorder affects 5.7 million Americans ages 18 and older, in any given year.
Bipolar disorder has a strong genetic component, though the SNPs that researchers have identified so far account for only a fraction of cases. Up to 93 percent of cases may be triggered by heredity,
Tests look for a protein marker encoded by the ANK3 gene, which is involved in nerve cell structure and function.
The average person's chances of developing bipolar disorder are 2 to 3 percent,. The risks increase with the number of relatives affected and their degree of relatedness: up to 70 percent if an identical twin is affected, 50 percent if both parents have the disorder, 20 percent if one parent and a sibling has it, and 13 percent if a single sibling has it.
Those with a mutation on a gene called Fat, located on chromosome 4, appear to be at twice the risk of developing bipolar as the average person, though scientists aren't yet sure why.
About one-third of Americans are classified as obese, meaning they weigh at least 100 pounds more than their ideal weight or have a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher.
Scientists don't yet know how many genes are involved in developing obesity.
Variations in a gene called FTO gene account for almost 7 pounds of weight difference. A recent study also showed that levels of the FTO gene were higher in fatty tissue and the SNP on the FTO gene seems almost exclusively associated with fat tissue rather than muscle mass or bone density.
A neurological disorder caused by a loss of dopamine-producing brain cells, Parkinson's disease is marked by trembling in the limbs, jaw and face; stiffness in the limbs and trunk; and or slowed movement and impaired balance and coordination. At least 500,000 Americans have been diagnosed with PD, with another 50,000 diagnosed each year.
Most cases of PD affect those over 50, and the average lifetime risk of developing it is small about 1 to 2 percent. However, mutations in a gene known as LRRK2 have been linked to a much higher risk of developing PD.
More than 50 variations of the LRRK2 gene are known, and several are associated with PD. A recent study found that a person who inherits a one mutation in this gene, called the G2019S mutation, from either parent has a 28 percent chance of developing Parkinson's by age 59 and a 74 percent chance by age 79.
The most prevalent autoimmune condition in the United States, psoriasis affects as many as 7.5 million Americans, more than 2 percent of the population.
Characterized by red, scaly lesions that can cover any part of the body, psoriasis is up to 80 percent attributable to genetics and occurs when immune cells known as T-cells attack the skin.
Variations in a gene called HLA-C are associated with psoriasis, and studies have shown that seven other DNA variations are linked to the disease. However, environmental triggers appear to be necessary for psoriasis to develop, and only 10 percent of patients with variations in their HLA do so.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
AMD is the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in Americans over age 60. The disease causes the retina, the tissue at the back of the eye responsible for transmitting images to the brain to deteriorate, resulting in central vision loss crucial for reading, driving or recognizing faces.
About 1.75 million Americans suffer from AMD. About 200,000 people lose central vision in one or both eyes each year.
Genetics and environmental factors account for the development of AMD with up to 71 percent of cases attributable to heredity. Tests focus on a group of genes called ABCR genes, and those with these certain variations in these genes have a 30 percent greater chance of developing AMD.
Those whose siblings have AMD are between three and six times more likely to develop it than the general population.
Dante Labs Celebrates Pride Month Jun 01, 2020
Celiac Awareness Month: how to know if you have celiac disease? May 28, 2020


As we look at our future as a country, there is no doubt that we have challenges ahead of us. We believe that within these challenges lie some of the greatest opportunities for all citizens to make a positive change, and we are calling on you to consider being a part of our mission to see 'transformation through education'. At Oasis Preparatory School we are inviting you to take part in making a positive change through our annual LEGACY RUN.
This family 2km and 5km run forms part of our fundraising drive to raise funds for bursaries and development. These bursaries will provide students from underprivileged backgrounds with access to a quality, private school education and go a long way to breaking the cycle of poverty. Your contribution to this LEGACY, no matter how big or small, will ensure that we are doing something to see a positive change in our community and country. You will also get to see how your contribution at work by gaining access to our 100's Club, where you will receive a quarterly update on how your donation is changing lives.


text:
\section{Introduction}

IceCube is a cubic-kilometer neutrino  detector installed in the ice at the geographic South Pole     \cite{detector:paper} instrumenting depths between 1450\,m and 2450\,m. Neutrino reconstruction relies on the optical detection of Cherenkov radiation emitted by secondary particles produced in neutrino interactions in the surrounding ice or the nearby bedrock. The optical  properties of ice surrounding the  detector are described with a table of absorption and effective scattering coefficients approximating average ice properties in 10\,m-thick ice layers. These  properties were determined with a dedicated calibration measurement as described in \cite{Aartsen2013}.  Nearly every optical sensor (digital optical module, or DOM) of the detector was operated in ``flasher'' mode (one at a time) to emit light from  on-board LEDs  in an approximately  azimuthally-symmetric pattern. The emitted light was then observed by the DOMs on the surrounding strings.

As previously reported  \cite{ICRC_anisotropy}, IceCube observes a strong anisotropy in the light propagation at macroscopic scales. Measured at $\sim$125\,m from an isotropic emitter (averaging over many flashers), about twice as much light reaches DOMs on the flow axis then on the orthogonal tilt axis (see Figure \ref{fig:ratio}). At the same time the arrival time distributions are nearly unchanged.

\begin{figure}[h]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.65\textwidth]{chargeratio.png}
    \caption{Optical ice anisotropy seen as azimuth dependent charge excess in flasher data.}
    \label{fig:ratio}
\end{figure}

Several parametrizations modifying the scattering function, absorption and/or scattering coefficients as a function of propagation angle have been explored in the past with some success. However, none of them were able to fit charge and timing distributions simultaneously. Departing from the paradigm that the optical properties are driven by particulate impurities \cite{Aartsen2013}, this report studies an effective photon deflection and a direction-dependent diffusion caused by light birefringence in polycrystals of Antarctic ice. This might be a natural and well motivated mechanism responsible for the large scale optical anisotropy as observed in the IceCube detector.

\section{Birefringence}

Birefringent crystals, such as calcite, are fascinating objects and light diffusion in birefringent, polycrystalline materials has been discussed as early as 1955  \cite{Raman1955}. While the literature agrees that the combined effect of ray splitting on many crystal interfaces will lead to a continuous beam diffusion, the resulting diffusion patterns remain largely unexplored.

In a homogeneous, transparent and non-magnetic medium the relation between the electric field and the displacement field as well as the magnetic fields is given as \cite{Landau}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\vec{B} = \vec{H}, \hspace{3mm}
\vec{D}=\epsilon \vec{E}
\end{eqnarray}

As the dielectric tensor $\epsilon$ is symmetric, one can always find a coordinate system where it is diagonal $\epsilon = diag(n_x^2, n_y^2, n_z^2)$, with $n_i$ being the refractive index along the given axis. Uniaxial crystals, such as ice, have two distinct refractive indices: $n_x = n_y \equiv n_o \neq n_z \equiv n_e$. The axis of the different refractive index $n_e$ defines the optical axis (and coincides with c-axis, see Sec.\ \ref{icebire}).

\begin{figure}[h]
    \centering
    \subfloat[Ordinary ray]{\includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{ordinary.png}}\hspace{1cm}
    \subfloat[Extraordinary ray]{\includegraphics[width=0.27\textwidth]{extraordinary.png}}
    \caption{Orientation of all electromagnetic vectors for the ordinary and extraordinary ray with respect to the crystal axis (c-axis). Adapted from \cite{keller}.}
\end{figure}

Light propagating in a uniaxial crystal is split into an ordinary wave and an extraordinary wave of orthogonal polarizations. The electric field vector $\vec{E}$ and the displacement vector $\vec{D}$ for the ordinary wave are always collinear to each other and perpendicular to both the optical axis of the crystal and the parallel propagation vectors $\vec{k}$ and $\vec{S}$. However, the electric field $\vec{E}$ for the extraordinary wave is not, in general, perpendicular to the propagation vector $\vec{k}$. It lies in the plane formed by the propagation vector and the displacement vector. The electric field vectors of these waves are mutually orthogonal \cite{ZHANG1996549}. The energy flow is given by the Poynting vector $\vec{S}= \frac{c}{4\pi}\vec{E} \times \vec{H}$. For the extraordinary wave, the Poynting vector $S$ is not parallel to $k$.

While the ordinary ray always propagates with the ordinary refractive index $n_o$, the refractive index of the extraordinary ray depends on the opening angle $\theta$ between the optical axis and the wave vector $\vec{k}$ as given in equation \ref{eq:ne}.

\subsection{Ice birefringence}
\label{icebire}

Ice is the comprehensive term for all twelve known solid phases of water. For temperatures and pressures naturally occurring on Earth only the hexagonal crystal form, called Ih, occurs. Each monocrystal consists of a neat stack of layers and each layer can be thought of as a tessellation of hexagonal rings, with oxygen atoms at each node  \cite{Faria2014-part2}. The plane defined by these layers is called the basal plane, with the normal vector referred to as the principal axis or c-axis, as it is the axis of highest rotational symmetry. This c-axis is also the optical axis of the crystal \cite{Faria2014-part2}.

\iffalse
\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{llll}
\hline
wavelength $\lambda$ (nm) & \hspace{1cm} &$n_o$  & $n_e$  \\
\hline
405                       && 1.3185 & 1.3200 \\
436                       && 1.3161 & 1.3176 \\
492                       && 1.3128 & 1.3143 \\
546                       && 1.3105 & 1.3119 \\
624                       && 1.3091 & 1.3105 \\
691                       && 1.3067 & 1.3081 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Refractive indices of ice taken from \cite{Petrenko} }
\end{table}
\fi

The birefringence strength can be expressed as:

\begin{equation}
    \beta = \left(\frac{n_e}{n_o}\right)^2 -1 .
\end{equation}

For ice  $\beta$ is $\approx 2\cdot 10^{-3}$ across the entire visible wavelength spectrum \cite{Petrenko}.

\subsection{Glacial ice as a deforming polycrystal}

The ice found in glaciers such as on the Antarctic plateau has been created through compactification of snow layers into firn and at a later stage ice. Thus it consists of a large number of interlocked mono-crystals, also called grains. They are typically sub-millimeter to centimeter in size. The surface where two grains meet are called grain boundaries  \cite{Faria2014-part2}.

Ice flows under its own weight, either as a bulk movement down a slope or through plastic deformation. Plastic deformation is mediated through deformations of individual grains as well as interactions between the grains. The viscosity of an individual crystal strongly depends on the direction of the applied strain. A hexagonal crystal will most readily deform as shear is applied orthogonal to the c-axis leading to slip of the individual basal planes. Therefore individual grains elongate, with the direction of elongation being perpendicular to the c-axis  \cite{Weikusat20150347}.

The true three-dimensional c-axis orientation of individual grains can be measured using polarized light microscopy  \cite{Faria2014-part2}. The generally observed evolution of the c-axis distribution versus depths in glacial ice behaves as follows:
In the top third of the glacier c-axis are distributed randomly. This slowly develops into a so called girdle fabric where most all c-axes are found in a plane orthogonal to the flow. At 80\% to 90\% of the total depth a second rapid transition to a single vertical cluster can be observed  \cite{Weikusat20150347}.

\subsection{Parameters for the South Pole ice}

\subsubsection{c-axis distributions}

The samples from the SPICEcore ice core \cite{Casey2014} in close vicinity to IceCube reach 1751\,m depth which corresponds to ice layer depths of $\sim$1820\,m in the IceCube coordinate system. C-axis distributions have been measured at all depths and show an exceptionally clean girdle fabric at depths near the bottom of SPICEcore (see Figure \ref{fig:SPICE}), which overlap with the top third of IceCube-instrumented depths  \cite{SpiceCorePoster}.

\begin{figure}[h]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{SpiceC.png}
    \caption{Depth development of c-axis distributions (Lambert azimuthal equal-area projections) measured in SPICEcore; depths (in meters) are indicated atop each diagram. They show a clean girdle fabric at IceCube depths \cite{SpiceCorePoster}.}
    \label{fig:SPICE}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection{Grain size and elongation}

The grain size distribution, that is the size distribution of ice mono-crystals, defines the distance between interface crossings. Grains are on average elongated, which introduces an additional azimuth/zenith dependence on the effective grain size. Grain size and elongation distributions have not yet been published by the SPICEcore collaoration, but are from other cores expected to be on the mm-scale with elongations of at most a factor of two \cite{Weikusat20150347}.

\section{Analytic calculation}

Assuming an arbitrary ray incident on a plane interface, we first calculate the four possible wave vectors, the ordinary and extraordinary refracted rays and the ordinary and extraordinary reflected rays. Given the wave vectors, the four associated Poynting vectors are calculated from the boundary conditions, yielding the energy flow and as such probable photon directions.

\subsection{Wave vectors}

Figure \ref{fig:rays} shows the situation at hand. An incoming wave vector $\vec{k}$ intersects the interface and is split into four outgoing wave vectors $\vec{r}$. The coordinate system can always be chosen such that the surface normal $\vec{n}$ is along the y-axis and that the surface components of $\vec{k}$ and as such $\vec{r}$ are along the x-axis. Here we implicitly assume, as an approximation, that the boundary surface is a perfect plane infinite in its extension, and, without a loss of generality, that the incoming and outgoing waves are all plane waves.

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{k_sketch21.jpg}
\caption{Sketch of wave vectors for the incident, reflected and refracted rays. The surface component is always conserved.}
\label{fig:rays}
\end{figure}

Because of translational symmetry of the interface surface, the surface components of all wave vectors are identical  \cite{Landau}: $k_x=r_x$. As the wave number is given by $k=\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}$, we can define a vector $\vec{n}$ such that $\vec{k}=\omega \vec{n}/c$, whose magnitude $n$ is the direction dependent refractive index $n=\sqrt{\epsilon (\theta)}$. As such the magnitude of the wave vector is proportional to the refractive index and we shall simplify $|\vec{k}|=n$ in the following.

\subsubsection{Outgoing ordinary rays}

Given the magnitude $n_o$ and surface component $k_x$ of the wave vector the y-component is simply calculated as:
\begin{equation}
r_y = \pm \sqrt{n_o^2-k_x^2}
\end{equation}

Given two media with different refractive indices, one obtains Snell's law for refraction and the usual law for reflection ($k_y=r_y$). The outgoing ordinary ray of an inbound ordinary ray is not deflected, as it does not see a change in refractive index.

\subsubsection{Outgoing extraordinary ray}

Determining $r_y$ for the extraordinary rays follows the same logic, only with a refractive index which depends on the opening angles $\theta$ between the refracted wave vector $\vec{r}=(r_x,r_y)$ and the optical axis $\vec{a} = (a_x, a_y, a_z)$:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:ne}
\frac{1}{n^2} = \frac{1}{n_e^2} + \left( \frac{1}{n_0^2} - \frac{1}{n_e^2} \right) \cdot \cos^2\theta
\end{equation}

The optical axis is given by the optical axis of medium 1 for the reflected and of medium 2 for the refracted ray. Rewriting $\cos(\theta$) as scalar product between the wave vector and the optical axis gives:
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{n_e^2} + \left( \frac{1}{n_o^2} - \frac{1}{n_e^2}  \right) \cdot \frac{(a_x r_x + a_y r_y)^2}{n^2}- \frac{1}{n^2} = 0 .
\end{equation}

\noindent Here $n^2=\vec{r}^2=r_x^2+r_y^2$. The solution is given as:
\begin{equation}
r_y = \frac{- \beta a_x a_y r_x \pm \sqrt{D}}{1+ \beta a_y^2}
\end{equation}

\noindent with:
\begin{equation}
\label{disc}
\begin{split}
D =  (\beta a_x a_y r_x)^2 - (1+ \beta a_y^2) (r_x^2 (1+\beta a_x^2) -n_e^2)
 = n_e^2 \cdot (1+\beta a_y^2) - r_x^2 \cdot (1+\beta \cdot (a_x^2 + a_y^2))
\end{split}
\end{equation}

Of the two solutions the direction appropriate for the reflected/refracted ray is chosen and the other discarded. In the case of no birefringence ($\beta=0$) we again obtain the solution for the ordinary ray.

\subsection{Poynting vectors}

Once the wave vector directions are determined, the boundary continuity conditions can be written for normal components of $\vec{D}$ and $\vec{B}$, and for tangential components of $\vec{E}$ and $\vec{H}$. If $\vec{n}$ is a normal vector perpendicular to the interface surface, we have:
\begin{equation}
\vec{n} \cdot \vec{D_1} = \vec{n} \cdot \vec{D_2}, \hspace{3mm}
\vec{n} \cdot \vec{B_1} = \vec{n} \cdot \vec{B_2}, \hspace{3mm}
\vec{n} \times \vec{E_1} = \vec{n} \times \vec{E_2}, \hspace{3mm}
\vec{n} \times \vec{H_1} = \vec{n} \times \vec{H_2}
\label{eq:boundary}
\end{equation}

Here $1$ indicates the total sum of fields for incident and reflected waves, and $2$ indicates the fields of the refracted waves propagating away from the boundary surface in the second medium. Since $\vec{B}=\vec{H}$ two of the equations above simply imply that $\vec{B_1}=\vec{B_2}$ and $\vec{H_1}=\vec{H_2}$. Together with the boundary conditions for $\vec{D}$ and $\vec{E}$, this is a system of 6 linear equations. These equations are sufficient to determine the amplitudes of 4 outgoing waves: two reflected (ordinary and extraordinary), and two refracted (also, ordinary and extraordinary). Since we only have 4 unknowns, 2 of these equations are necessarily co-linear to the rest, if the wave vectors were determined  correctly.

Solving the linear equation system yields the Poynting vectors and as such the energy flux directions / photon directions of the (up to) four outgoing rays. The relative intensity of these rays, as usually denoted in Fresnel coefficients, is derived from the Poynting theorem, which for our case (no moving charges, no temporal change in total energy) is given as
\begin{equation}
 \oiint\limits_{\partial V} \vec{S}\cdot d \vec{A} =0
\end{equation}
where $\partial V$ is the boundary of a volume V surrounding the interface. The choice of volume is arbitrary. A simple choice is a box around the interface. In the limit of an infinitely thin but wide box, it is evident that the sum of Poynting vector components normal to the interface plane is conserved.

Evanescent waves, i.e. waves with a complex wave vector, which decay away from the boundary surface and arise when the discriminant in the wave vector equation (Eq.\ \ref{disc}) is negative, will necessarily yield vanishing contributions to such sum. As the photon interacts with a boundary there is a brief flow of energy along the surface boundary within evanescent solutions (if any), but no energy flows away from the boundary within such solutions. The evanescent waves need to be considered when solving the boundary conditions as given in equation \ref{eq:boundary}.

The outgoing photon is then chosen randomly, with probabilities proportional to the (up to) four normal components of the non-evanescent Poynting vectors.

After implementing the solution presented here, we came across this paper  \cite{ZHANG1996549} and found the approach described there to be similar to ours. Based on the calculations above, a photon propagation simulation for birefringent polycrystals was implemented in C++.

\begin{figure}[h]
    \centering
    \subfloat{\includegraphics[width=0.25\textwidth]{girdle-0.pdf}}
    \subfloat{\includegraphics[width=0.25\textwidth]{girdle-30.pdf}}
    \subfloat{\includegraphics[width=0.25\textwidth]{girdle-60.pdf}}
    \subfloat{\includegraphics[width=0.25\textwidth]{girdle-90.pdf}}
    \caption{Photon direction spread after propagating through 1000 grains with a perfect girdle distribution of c-axis orientations. Left: Propagating along the flow. Right: Propagating along the tilt direction. Observe the change in diffusion and the slight asymmetry for intermediate angles.}
    \label{fig:diffusionpatterns}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!h]
    \centering
    \subfloat{\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{deflection-1.pdf}}\hfill
    \subfloat{\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{deflection-2.pdf}}
    \caption{Average deflection and width of the diffusion patterns for the case above. Initial photon direction is along the z-axis.}
    \label{fig:bfraverages}
\end{figure}

\section{Simulated diffusion patterns}

The resulting diffusion patterns depend on the assumed fabric and the orientation distribution of grain boundary planes encountered by the photons. The average shape and thus also the surface orientation density of ice crystals can be approximated by a triaxial ellipsoid.

For a generalized ellipsoid the diffusion patterns are thus not only a function of the opening angle between the initial photon direction and the flow, but depend on the absolute zenith and azimuth orientation of the propagation direction with respect to the flow.

Simulated diffusion patterns after 1000 boundary crossings for a variety of initial propagation directions relative to the flow axis and assuming a spherical average grain as well as a perfect girdle fabric are shown in Figure \ref{fig:diffusionpatterns}. The overall diffusion is largest when propagating along the flow direction and gets continuously smaller towards the tilt direction. For intermediate angles the distribution is slightly asymmetric, resulting in a mean deflection towards the ice flow axis.
The averages and standard deviations of the propagation direction components for the scenario in Figure \ref{fig:diffusionpatterns} are shown in Figure \ref{fig:bfraverages}. The maximum deflection is $\sim 0.1^{\circ}$. This is on the order of magnitude which is required to describe the in-situ effect.

\section{Summary and Outlook}

While light diffusion in birefringent polycrystals is a well established effect, this report presents the first exact calculation and simulation of the resulting diffusion patterns.

In a girdle fabric, as present for most of the IceCube depths, the diffusion is largest for light propagating along the flow axis and smallest for light propagating along the tilt axis. In addition a small effective deflection towards the flow axis is experienced by photons not propagating on the flow or the tilt axis.

The contribution of the diffusion to the bulk scattering in the ice, as well as a potential description of the optical anisotropy through the deflection remain to be studied in more detail.

\bibliographystyle{ICRC}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Now is a good time for companies to take a look at their digital strategies. We've been talking a lot about the importance of building a solid strategy and are even running an event in a couple of weeks in Partnership with Make it York to help get the year off right. We believe a good strategy articulates your business goals, the audience you're trying to reach, and the most cost-effective methods for managing your time and resources.
Let us share our top tips to take your company's digital strategy to the next level.
Reviewing your current strategies are an important first step in making improvements to ensure that your business objectives and digital marketing practices are on the same page.
In many companies, there's still a divide between traditional and digital departments. Take a look around at what you already have and ask yourself how you can integrate these for best results.
Making it personal is the key here. Trends show an increased demand for video personalization as well integrating video marketing into the customer journey.
By inserting a well-placed video to illustrate your company's product, service, or cause, you can create a personalised journey for your customers. It's a creative way to leave an impact.
Did you know that 70% of people said they'd rather learn about a business through an article than an ad?
Good storytelling can humanise your company so consider blog posts to videos and infographics in your strategy.
SEO is not going out of fashion, the majority of people searching for your company online will still head to a search engine as their first port of call.
If you have a presence in the top positions for keywords the user is searching, then you have a much better chance of attracting more attention and trust for your company.
Use at events to give followers a behind-the-scenes look at the event.
Use to introduce your followers to your employees.
Advertise an exclusive sale or promotion exclusively to anyone who watches.
Companies are becoming increasingly aware of the benefits of incorporating social media into their digital strategies. As an addition, you might also want to consider using direct messaging apps along with other social media marketing techniques you already have in place.
According to the latest Ofcom Communications Market research, more than half of the total mobile audience uses Facebook Messenger (61%) while exactly half uses WhatsApp (50%). These significantly large audiences should not be ignored when considering the integration of messaging apps as part of your strategy.
The more you test, the more likely you are to see patterns emerge which can help guide your subject line creation. Proper testing can save you precious time and resources down the line.
Customer experience marketing is exactly what it sounds like – making sure the customer has a positive experience from start to finish.
Why is customer experience essential? Customers see your company or brand as the sum of the experiences they've had with you. This could be anything from in-store customer service to finding your local listing online or seeing one of your company's ads on Facebook.
So, make sure you're putting your best foot forward – from start to finish.
In a world where everyone has access to reviews, transparency and trust are big factors when consumers are checking out a business. There's a lot out there that people can learn about you from the web. They search for your social media profiles. They "Internet stalk" you. In short, they want to know everything they can possibly know about you before they come to your business.
We're most likely to see this transparency increase in 2018. So, focus on your review marketing strategy. Feel free to give consumers a behind-the-scenes look at your company.
Want to quickly build your brand online and raise awareness among your target audience?
The beauty of influencer marketing (if done right) is that the audience is already there. All you have to do is figure out a win-win partnership where your influencer will benefit – all the while generating new leads for your company.
Instagram is growing at an impressive clip. In 2017, Instagram announced that approximately 800 million people now use the platform each month. Their latest tool, Instagram Stories, became more popular than Snapchat just one year after going live.
12. Revisit Twitter – Do You Need it?
Twitter has only shown moderate growth in 2017. This may be due to the fact that the platform has focused on user acquisition rather than on making improvements to their ad platform – as a result, marketers are already using other social media platforms to connect with prospects. It may be worth considering whether Twitter is still producing the results you want as part of your 2018 planning.
Your strategy is the process that defines your approach to reach your business goals. Without a strategy, the time and resources you're putting into your tactics may turn out to be a waste.
A solid strategy will help you determine your budget, while it'll also assist with the evaluation process, so that you can efficiently cut out what's not working and push forward with what does.
Once you've determined your goals, make sure your strategy is fully committed to achieving those goals. In other words – don't be reactive; be proactive.
If you would like help to create or develop your strategy, please get in touch on 01904 863511.


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Click Cancel next to your Pre-Order and you're done.
Alternatively, if you didn't create an account at checkout, you can contact us and we will take care of it for you.


Margaret River Wine in Perth!
Rosabrook will be participating in the 'Margaret River Wine in Perth' event at Fraser's Restaurant, Kings Park – 19th of October 2011 12 – 6 pm.
Come along to sample some of Margaret River's best wines with over 30 wineries showcasing – along with Rosabrook there will be Stella Bella, Cape Mentelle and Swings & Roundabouts to name a few.


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Selected Student Profiles
Majors & Minors Programs
Northeastern Students4Giving
Social Impact Lab
Related Academic Offerings
Undergraduate Student Research Resources
Human Services Faculty
Lori Gardinier
Director and Teaching Professor of Human Services; Senior Research Associate, Dukakis Center for Urban and Regional Policy
Lori Gardinier has practiced in the area of antipoverty/social justice work in community-based settings and as a counselor in organizations addressing intimate partner violence. In her role at Northeastern, she is a leader in experiential education p…
Margot Abels
Assistant Teaching Professor of Human Services and Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies
Margot Abels' scholarly work is rooted in medical sociology and inequality studies with interpretation and analysis intended to influence application, practice, and change. She is a Board Member for the Northshore Education Consortium and champ…
Teaching Professor of Human Services
Matt Lee has taught courses in counseling theory and practice, cross-cultural psychology, ethnic identity and conflict (in Romania, Germany, Poland, and Croatia), intro to psychology, lifespan development, developmental psychology, race and empowerme…
Emily Mann
Teaching Professor of Human Services; Senior Research Associate, Dukakis Center for Urban and Regional Policy
Emily Mann's teaching focuses on child and adolescent development, social research methods, social policy, and prevention science. Dr. Mann spent two years as a postdoctoral fellow in the Clinical Research Training Program (CRTP) at the Harvard…
Gordana Rabrenovic
Associate Professor of Sociology; Director of the Brudnick Center on Violence and Conflict
Gordana Rabrenovic's research and publications are in the area of community studies and intergroup conflict and violence. Her current work focuses on the initiation, escalation, and persistence/de-sistance of conflict and violence in three conf…
Rebecca Riccio
Khaled and Olfat Juffali Director of the Social Impact Lab; Lecturer of Human Services
Rebecca Riccio's teaching and research centers the use of experiential learning to cultivate systems thinking, ethical reasoning, and self-authorship among students who aspire to engage in social change. Her teaching models were featured in Ash…
Human Service Part-Time Faculty
Becca Berkey
Lecturer of Human Services; Director of Service-Learning
Becca began at Northeastern's Center of Community Service in February 2013, and is now the Director of Service-Learning. Previously, Becca served as the Coordinator of Experiential Education in the Center for Engagement, Learning, and Teaching at Kee…
Stephanie DeCandia
Lecturer of Human Services
Stephanie DeCandia's areas of specialization include: Sexual Assault Related Legal Issues, Rape Crisis Intervention Counseling, Policy Development, and Legislative Advocacy. Work History includes: Aid to Incarcerated Mothers, Boston MA as a Staff Att…
Ruth Economou
Ruth Economou, LICSW has been a Clinical Social Worker in the Boston area for 20 years. Her areas of specialization include Adolescent Mental Health, Mindfulness Based Clinical Care, Community Mental Health, Trauma Informed Care and Clinician Self Ca…
Jordan Fox-Kemper
Lecturer in Human Services
Jordan Fox-Kemper is a licensed clinical social worker (LICSW). Her areas of specialization include sexual violence, domestic violence and women's health. Jordan has supervisory, teaching and clinical experience at many nonprofit organizations and un…
The Human Services program prepares students for careers in social change by providing students with the theoretical and skill-based background necessary for policy, practice and research.
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Tackling violence against women and girls
Taking tough action to end violence against women and girls
All women and girls should feel safe both in their homes and on our streets. Globally, an estimated 736 million women – almost one in three – have been subjected to violence at least once in their life. It is shaming that women and girls do not always feel safe on our streets – particularly at night.
In Lambeth, a new policy on Tackling Violence Against Women and Girls has been developed to try to protect and safeguard women. Information was gathered from community groups, survivors of attacks, support groups and voluntary organisations to find the best way to tackle the problem. Locally, we have been working with the Tulse Hill Safer Neighbourhoods Team and Lambeth Council's outreach service to support women forced into sex work and to take action against the men that abuse them.
Lambeth is one of London's core leads in the area of emergency support for women and girls who need a place of safety or support and has recently been awarded over £0.5m of Home Office funding as part of the Safer Streets Fund (one of only three grants awarded in London). The aim of the Fund is to improve public spaces so women and girls feel safer and we hope that this money will benefit the wider Brixton area. If you are concerned about yourself or someone you know, please do not hesitate to contact the Gaia Centre on 0207 733 8724 or via lambethvawg@refuge.org.uk .


text:
Concerto, Op. 21, semi-autograph Stichvorlage (National Library, Warsaw)
The second volume in the series Works by Chopin. Facsimile Edition is a facsimile of the semi-autograph Stichvorlage of the Concerto in F minor, Op. 21, held at the National Library in Warsaw under the shelf-mark Mus. 215 Cim. The volume contains a facsimile of the 173-page manuscript and a source commentary by Professor Jan Ekier.
Chopin composed the F minor Concerto between October 1829 and February 1830. The manuscript of the score is a quite singular document of the composer's life and work. It is distinguished by the fact that the composer himself wrote out the piano part, whilst the orchestra part was copied out by an unknown musician. This manuscript constitutes the only Chopin 'semi-autograph' of such dimensions and musical importance. Yet its unique significance lies, above all, in the wealth of information that it contains, concerning the work itself, the circumstances surrounding its composition, editorial practice during Chopin's times and other related phenomena – information which allows us to answer certain questions, open the way to the solving of others and determine those problems which will are likely to remain unresolved.


FlipAlbum Standard with a with a natural and intuitive interface is a digital photo album utility to organize your digital images, better. Easy to use, yet highly customizable, FlipAlbum can automatically create realistic, book-like albums. The features include - Auto Flip function; Auto Slide Show - present the contents of your book as a slide show with auto-play. The slide show options include variable time interval between slides, transition effects, number of rows and columns of photos, etc; Realistic 3D Page-Flipping provides a pleasant viewing experience, Multi-page rapid flipping for album browsing; Preview; Supported Multimedia Formats include: Image: BMP, GIF, JPG, PCX, WMF, ICO, PNG, PCD, PSD and TIF; Video: AVI, MPEG1, WMV; and Audio: MIDI, WAV, MP3 and WMA.
Please note the standard version (freeware) of FlipAlbum may not include all the features.
XMind is a brainstorming and mind mapping software to share your ideas with others. It's easy-to-use, just double-click to create and edit topics anywhere on the map. The Drag-and-drop feature helps to reorganize topics, move markers, take a mapshot, and add attachments. You can even search on topic with Google and drag images into your map without leaving the working window. Its intuitive design and powerful features lets you focus on your work and share it easily with others by exporting it through popular formats such as PDF, Word and PowerPoint. The other features include Fishbone Diagram, Spreadsheet, Markers, Inline Notes, Hyperlink / Attachments, Topic As A Map (Drill Down), Spell Checker, Legend and Filtering, and Export to Html/ PNG / GIF/JPEG/BMP.
for your specific operating system.
Please suggest a freeware to convert the video files to 3gp.
myself from the wickedest soul.


THE FLORENZA II - This award winning design featuring a beautifully balanced and detailed Mediterranean facade featuring spiral columns and arched windows has an irresistible curb appeal. Open and airy with plenty of natural light this design boasts both formal and casual living spaces. The living room with French doors transom windows and detailed ceiling and the dining room with its built-in butler's pantry offer an elegant formal touch to this home. The family room features a built-in entertainment center fireplace and sliding glass doors that open to the lanai and pool area. Open to the family room and dinette is a breathtaking island kitchen. Outdoor kitchen swimming pool and spa are the perfect amenities for entertaining guests. With its private entry spacious feel and access to the lanai the sophisticated master suite is the perfect retreat. Walk-in closets hs and her vanities soaking tub and walk-in shower are featured in the master bath. A large side-entry 3 car garage completes this amenity-filled home. BUILDING RESTRICTIONS APPLY IN CAMDEN COUNTY FLORIDA.


You can start to read the Five Books of Moses at any age, any time and any place! For the greatest impact, start with Book 1 (Genesis), Chapter 1 (Bereshit). And don't forget the special treat after sharing Torah --- that's what makes it "Tiptoeing Through The Torah!"
Most of my chapter adaptations are a single page, including questions and illustration ideas. The language and content is simple enough for children and detailed enough for adults. If you want to read on the weekly Torah cycle, click Schedule for current portion. May Tiptoeing bring you much happiness and joy!


This report presents the findings from the 2018 Organization 3.0 qualiquantitative research, set up by Asterys, a global organizational development firm.
Asterys, a global organizational development firm set up a quali-quantitative research to understand how the firm could help organizations get into better structural and cultural shape to not just survive, but thrive in the next 10 years. This research provided the insights that led Asterys to shape a new, revolutionary organizational design called AEquacy.
To gain a deeper understanding of the challenges, current solutions, and aspirations that executives, managers and employees have with regard to organizational structure, culture, processes, and leadership.
To test hypothesis of alternative organizational structures, management practices, and processes.
quantitative research questionnaire submitted to 800 employees, managers, and top executives in the US and Europe. In order to ensure the quality of the output, Asterys partnered with a third-party organization, ResearchNow, that provided a validated sample of respondents.
As we analyzed the data, we uncovered seven key findings that paint a high-level picture of how organizations in the future will have to be structured and work to be successful.
The focus on creating collaborative workplace environments will be even stronger. Most of the respondents to the survey expect a more pervasive form of collaboration, which goes beyond the boundaries of the individual departments or functions and connects more effectively teams working in different areas of the organization.
The outcome of the survey supports the idea that effective decision making will reside with people who are closest to the issue, opportunity or situation that needs to be addressed through such decisions. The majority of respondents think that in the future employees working in successful organizations will have the ability, and the supportive environment, to take risks and make decisions autonomously and at team level. Most people also envisage a working environment where decisions stem from a shared set of guiding principles and from the people's best judgement.
The consuetude of considering information confidential, or accessible based on role or position, or the fact that is often confined to a specific department or function, clashes with the external reality that we all live, where information, sometimes an overload of it, is widely accessible when we need it. Respondents to the survey expect in the future extensive access to company information, with a quarter of them who imagine all company information to be accessible, including financials and compensations and with the only limits of what is imposed by laws or regulations.
The actual structure of the organization is expected to be different, moving from the current hierarchical paradigm, the pyramid, to one that is characterized by networks of teams with a strong level of autonomy, which also implies the definition of their own objectives and strategies. One out four respondents says it will look like a network of coordinated self-organizing teams, operating through shared principles, where all team members are accountable toward the whole team, with no supervisors or bosses.
How most companies operate today and the way they design and implement systems and processes tends to generate bureaucracy and slows down people's work, contraposing the need that all organizations share to be more agile, dynamic and innovative. Most people expect that in the future successful companies will be characterized by simplified and dynamic systems and processes. Furthermore, the need for a different and more flexible working environment is also expressed by a vast majority of respondents who see the office as only one of the possible locations for work.
Quite expectedly, the focus on customers will stay very strong also in the future, with 60% of the respondents saying that customers will remain an external key stakeholder and 40% believing that customers should also be involved in key processes of the organization, thus interacting with it more closely. However, most of the respondents expect the future organizations to be able to expand their focus to a broader audience of key stakeholders, giving more dignity to the larger community of employees, customers, shareholders, suppliers and beyond.
The way performance management systems currently work and their effectiveness is much debated. The results of the survey show that with the exception of Spain and US, the majority of respondents expect a future working environment where the structured individual annual performance appraisal and review is replaced by ongoing peer feedback at individual and team level. The data collected also shows that one quarter of respondents expect performance to be measured against the outcomes of the whole team and evaluated by a group of peers, shifting the focus from individual to team performance.
Asterys is a global organization development firm that operates through an international network of +100 Facilitators of Transformation and Executive Coaches in 25 countries.
Moving the organization to AEquacy, the new human-centered, hierarchy-free design.


He Thinks I'm Faking It.
He Almost Paid $1,000 For This!
Making Up For Her Unfortunate Birthday!
We Got Some Confusing News!
EMPTY HOUSE TOUR! | WALK THROUGH!
EIGHT Huge Boxes Arrived At My Front Door..
I Left Him With All 3 Kids!


Too Hot In Summer And Too Cold In Winter?
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Conservatory Transformations do exactly what they promise – they transform your conservatory into another room of your house without fuss, without planning permission and most conservatories are transformed within 2-3 days!