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The Broadcast Evolution: The UK's new media landscape
The Broadcast Evolution:
The UK's new media landscape
Understanding the breadth and potential of modern broadcast
Howard Kosky, CEO of markettiers
I've witnessed many changes in the broadcast industry over 25 years of markettiers, yet there is still one constant that ensures effective coverage. Listening to media wants and needs and aligning content exactly. Broadcast has not only stood the test of time, but has continued to adapt to the changing tastes of the audience. Not only has it adapted, it has thrived, with total hours consumed across broadcast media still growing.
The industry has always welcomed good PR. Story creation that demonstrates an understanding of different audiences and formats. The key to success for all is to ensure we keep our eyes and ears open to planners, news editors and production companies. Invest time in getting to know them; recognise it's not a one size fits all and ensure our collective knowledge base remains current.
As someone who launched the 'radio day' as soon as technology allowed, I'm intrigued to see how it continues to be the often default route for a broadcast strategy. Granted, a radio interview can be effective when highly targeted and delivered in the right way, but across TV, radio, online and mobile, I'd suggest televisual is probably a more apt lens to observe and craft a brand's broadcast strategy.
I hope this report provides a gentle reminder on the opportunities out there and how we can get it right. Whilst also celebrating the role that broadcast has within effective communications strategies.
What journalists want.
Q&A with Dan Simmons, presenter and senior producer, BBC
Ben Smith: What are the attributes of a good PRO for broadcast journalists?
Dan Simmons: "I think that good PROs understand great storytelling. When it comes to television they're thinking in pictures and of the human angle of every story. Of how the human angle affects our emotions because the story is rarely the brand. The brand is just part of the story." "What is that wider story and why should we (the audience) care? And I think PROs are getting that more and more right and closer to hitting the target as the years go by. When it comes to television, great storytelling means great pictures. The best PROs are also really onto the human angle of every story and how it affects our emotions."
BS: What do PR people get wrong for broadcast journalists?
DS: "The ones that get things wrong more often: Have one press release for everybody – you can see it. It's designed typically for press newspapers or blogs. It's text based. There's no effort gone in to seeing if the company has any assets to offer as far as video is concerned. There's no treatment to the story that help it work visually. And it's not just TV anymore. It's useful for video bloggers. It's useful for social media. There's so many things that video now can be used for. I am amazed that at least half the pictures that I get have no video connected to them and have no ideas for video connected to them."
BS: To what extent do you at BBC Click slice and dice the video content that you create for different channels?
DS: "For any big story that we do, we aim to be out on three or four social media networks with video with our story."
BS: What form do those stories tend to take?
DS: "We aim to have a text piece which is for news and possibly a text piece which is feature based as well. "Even for stories that are lower down the pecking order – those will also receive social media treatment in video and pictures."
BS: What about video content supporting stories, what does that editing process look like?
DS: "Most of our stories are re-edited down to about a minute to a minute and a half of video – with text on the video specifically targeted at social media and web use. "We see that it is absolutely crucial to complementing what we put out on broadcast so that we capture both audiences, and the audiences are not mutually exclusive, but we want to capture as much of our audience to the BBC as possible."
"I am amazed that at least half the pictures that I get have no video connected to them"
The definition of broadcast PR has changed beyond recognition from five years ago.
Broadcast PR used to be restricted to TV and radio coverage and whilst they are still powerful and crucial channels for video and audio lead campaigns, the spectrum of media that has a thirst for video and audio content has widened, diversified and democratised.
PR people now need a greater range of skills when putting together great audio and video content – they need brilliant creativity to be able to understand the needs of broadcast media, outstanding production skills and to be able to distribute the content in a timely and relevant way.
By talking to journalists, senior in-house communication directors and channel experts, this report aims to shine a light on how audio and video content is most effectively created, produced and distributed across social media, TV, radio and podcast channels.
The broadcast game has changed, the potential for brands is greater, but the stakes are higher.
How technology has disrupted the structure of the broadcast media
Media Case Study 1: Cheddar
Cheddar was founded by Jon Steinberg in 2016. He previously worked for the Daily Mail (as North America CEO) and at BuzzFeed as COO.
Cheddar is a video only channel producing modern, slightly edgy news and feature based content. The concept behind Cheddar was pretty simple, young people are no longer watching much prime time TV.
The consumer uptake of streaming services meant that TV was increasingly "on demand" and with Facebook controlling short form video, Cheddar aimed to fill the gap between the two with live news.
Steinberg's original concept was to be the "CNBC for millennials" as he believed that young people do care about news – it's just that the established media were not engaging millennials in the right way, or through the right channels.
With a focus on younger, business and tech savvy viewers, the original Cheddar show broadcast financial news live from the floor of the New York Stock Exchange.
Cheddar's content has evolved to include news, technology, politics, science and sport. So it competes with a broad range of broadcast channels including CNN and, from a UK perspective, BBC and Sky News.
Cheddar has two feeds - a paid-for and a free version. The paid-for feed broadcasts eight hours of programming a day, six of them live, and is available via Amazon Prime, Sling TV, YouTube TV and the Cheddar app. The free feed broadcasts three hours of new content daily and archived content is available through Facebook and over the air via its affiliated stations.
Cheddar has revenues of circa $11m, most of which comes from advertising.
According to Steinberg, Cheddar is getting 200 million views per month across all platforms.
Why some publishers are getting broadcast content right and why some are getting it wrong
Ex-Telegraph publisher and now MD of Blue Magpie Books Richard Ellis points out that the challenge the internet set for established media brands was not an easy one: "It's a difficult juggling act because you're trying to maintain the legacy side of the business that's still providing probably 70-75% of the revenue, albeit that this will be declining."
Ellis believes "Many of the established media brands have lacked the ambition and innovation to embrace the full potential of video". From his time at The Telegraph, Ellis adds: "Our journalists had a print mindset, our advertising people had a print advertising mindset. So when it came to selling a different form of advertising they weren't any good at it. And so you had this sort of double whammy that caused it to fail."
Currently, media brands often use third-party videos that users can access anywhere. They are often top and tailed with adverts and backed up by a 600 word article. But Ellis asks "Where is the customer value in that? But it allows the management to put a revenue stream next to the video. They're too frightened about actual, real innovation."
Markettiers CEO Howard Kosky believes that "As a commercial media owner, if someone is offering you for free, good quality B roll content that enables you, the media owner, to sell pre roll advertising that is relevant to your audience and allows you to monetise inventory, why wouldn't you take that? Because that's the current revenue model. Media owners are being prudent to work within their finances".
That said, Kosky points to the future by identifying that "Bloomberg TicToc, Cheddar and The Insider Group (the publishers of Business Insider and Tech Insider) have targeted a very senior C-suite, exec audience, and they've done this without dumbing down the brand. They've created content that's digestible on mobile - on the go."
When brands have embraced video and audio, to produce highly shareable content, it can have rapid impact. For example Cheddar and Bloomberg TicToc have grown quickly over the past couple of years.
Media Case Study 2: Bloomberg TicToc
Bloomberg TicToc is the self-styled global newsroom on Twitter. The idea is that news and feature-led video content is curated on its Twitter timeline by Bloomberg's editorial staff. According to Bloomberg TicToc it has around 2.2 million average daily views and 1.5 million average daily viewers on Twitter.
Launched in December 2017, TicToc's content is created by Bloomberg's 2,700 journalists and analysts across 120 countries.
In a sense TicToc is a hybrid media platform – combining Bloomberg's journalistic insight and scale and the immediacy of Twitter. Justin B Smith, chief executive of Bloomberg Media said: "We're seeing a shift in the media landscape today: more content companies are partnering with platforms to create hybrid businesses that better serve consumers and society. With TicToc by Bloomberg we're fusing the best of Bloomberg and Twitter to build a fast and credible modern news experience."
TicToc creates news video on 30-60 second clips, so they are in a visual format ripe for the mobile, social world. It currently has over 500,000 followers on Twitter, a TicToc podcast and a daily email alert.
How, when, and where journalists need broadcast content
Stories work differently in the broadcast media – be that online video, TV, radio or social channels. PR people need to be aware that the same stories are often covered differently in video and audio media than they are in text. Good stories require a mix of content, as Wale Azeez, freelance news producer at Sky News points out "No one type of content is, on its own, sufficient for a story".
But the potential for PR people to make a positive and useful contribution is clear, as Azeez points out "Good content is labour intensive, this is particularly a challenge for video".
When asked whether there are patterns to the type of content he needs for BBC Click, producer Dan Simmons says: "It's more random [than that] and it's down to the story around what the brand has to offer. And it's a story that needs pictures. Some ready made pictures are always useful. But you need an idea as to why people should care about the subject first, and then the brand. And if you can sell the subject as a story then we've got something that can fly."
"No one type of content is, on its own, sufficient for a story."
Ideally PROs should supply video, potentially B roll, but Simmons points out that "nowadays anyone who works in PR has a phone that can shoot decent HD video. And so it is possible for them to create content and send it as an idea or suggestion, not as a finished product. Just as a visual suggestion as to how we might approach this subject."
Markettiers' Kosky believes that: "You have to define the word content – which in this context means the story. If you look at the RNLI campaign (see case study on page 8) we did a live outside broadcast from the beach in Bournemouth, where we had TV crews (from BBC Breakfast, Sky) interviewing a child whose life was saved because he followed the lifesaving advice from the previous year's campaign."
"If you create a successful story like this you can not only get three to four minutes four times across Breakfast, but there's then a 12 minute piece on Facebook Live by Sky and the BBC. So what PR people need to think about is the story, whether that lands itself in video, audio, pre-recorded, or live interview format." "If you want to land that on Sky News Sunrise you need to be offering a TV interview opportunity that could be an outside broadcast. If you want to land on Sky News Radio again it's an interview clip. But if you want Sky News Twitter feed it's a slightly different format of the video."
Why video and audio content drive more emotion than text
All forms of content are complementary, not mutually exclusive, but text content and televisual content (audio and video) play different roles in the minds of consumers. Video and audio media create a different audience reaction. As Simmons argues: "The difference between the two (text and televisual content) is that one appeals to the emotion. And the other is much more cerebral. Text appeals much more to our mind and our understanding. As humans the first thing we do in a business environment is to focus on survival so we are drawn to the cerebral. We focus on the sensible, on getting a message across to somebody else so they understand it.
"What video does, and to some extent radio too, is to get a message across so that the end user feels it. And that's the difference between the two. If you want your brand to be felt as well as understood then you need to use (televisual) media."
Broadcast Case Study 1: How RNLI saved lives through broadcast media
Background to the RNLI campaign:
The RNLI developed and launched 'float to live' in 2017, a series of floating techniques, which saved seven lives. In 2018, RNLI created a second phase of the initiative focused on the 99 young men who died at the coast in 2017 compared with 10 women and how they can effectively get life-saving advice to those young men.
The campaign objectives:
To reignite the discussion around the dangers of the water, particularly for young men, and continue educating on the importance of floating techniques. To raise awareness around how young men can support each other and the importance, and impact, sharing safety advice can have.
The campaign strategy:
To create a new focus on the existing story narrative that focused on the sharing of advice, not just the dangers of the water. This was achieved through consumer research that looked at how young men support each other in different ways e.g. by offering relationship advice but not readily sharing safety advice.
To create shareable video content that appealed to the 16-34 age range, the age bracket heavily affected by water deaths, would act as a vehicle to help drive the sharing of advice amongst the target audience.
The campaign activity:
On 7 August, markettiers managed several hours of TV and radio interviews with multiple spokespeople in multiple locations, including Fistral Beach, Newquay and in studio. Spokespeople included RNLI lifeguard supervisor, Lewis Timson, surfer Luke Dillon and mother, Mel Goodship, whose son had died from cold water shock.
BBC Breakfast live crosses, BBC News channel, Six O'Clock news, ITV News.
26 radio interviews - 22 taking place from Fistral Beach, Newquay.
A Q&A with the RNLI's public relations manager Lucy Parker on its recent Float to Live campaign.
Ben Smith: What was the aim of this campaign?
Lucy Parker: "It was a campaign across marketing and PR and broadcast was the central PR strategy. The aim is to get to young men and all their influences and broadcast is one of the best routes into that."
BS: Young men are a tricky group to influence. How did you go about trying to get the message over to them about "float to live"?
LP: "Our key target audience was young men, so while we can do that really specifically through a marketing campaign, we also knew that it was really important to talk to their mums and dads and anybody who had an influence on their behaviour to try and target them directly and also indirectly.
"Broadcast was the channel that would speak to most people and get the message out far and wide.
"The relationship with Evan and his dad really brought our message to life. Having somebody that has used this key survival skill and put that into practice and helped save their life. "And with his dad as a part of that we added an emotional element to our campaign. "It also emphasises that this is such an easy technique, so it really helped endorse the message and showed people that it really does work. "Rather than coming from just the RNLI, having it spoken through Evan's words really added weight to the campaign."
BS: What did markettiers do?
LP: "They helped us to create video packages that could be used across online titles that encompassed soundbites from our key spokespeople. Some of our footage was being used across the marketing campaign and some new creative that we made just for social media. "We incorporated that into a B-roll package that could be used across all of those platforms. "Markettiers really helped to pull that broadcast and media package together and facilitate all of those interviews on a day that we specified as our media moment. Markettiers were there to tap into their broadcast contacts, manage the interview list on the day and make sure all the key steps were taken in delivering the key messages. "Post campaign analysis is showing that awareness is increasing, but there's still more to do."
The new wave of televisual content
How to create great podcasts
Podcasts are an owned media channel that enable brands to communicate and engage with their customers and potential customers.
"There's creating great podcasts and distributing and getting people to listen to great podcasts – both of which are a process," says Audioboom CEO Robert Proctor.
Podcasting as a channel is rapidly increasing. In the UK, according to Ofcom, 5.9m UK adults listen to a podcast each week.
Peter Mitchell, group MD of specialist podcast consultancy 4DC, believes that "2019 will be the year where brands attempt to work through the value of podcast as part of the mainstream marketing mix."
"Listener numbers are at record levels all over the world, 12% in the UK according to Rajar and 27% in the US, according to Edison Research."
Mitchell adds that "2019 will see consumers continue ask for more and more audio content. The potential therefore for a brand that does podcasting in the right way will be irresistible. Expect changes to the distribution model as podcast aggregators attempt to understand how to monetise inventory against other mainstream media."
"Podcasting is a channel where brands can become publishers and compared to social media channels, it is a very reliable, very repeatable channel which the brand can own."
Proctor points out that: "Podcasting is an amazing way for brands to relatively cheaply (compared to video) build an audience that they own forever. If Facebook changes its algorithm it doesn't matter if you've got a podcast with an audience that people subscribe to by the RSS feed. You're going to own that communications channel forever."
That said, there are significant challenges for brands in developing a podcast strategy. Proctor says brands must "really understand what their objective is in creating a podcast."
He talks to a lot of brands who say they want to make a podcast: "Audioboom's opening question always is 'Why do they (the brand) want to produce a podcast?' And more often than not we don't really get too much of a cogent answer.
"And then we ask them 'What they are trying to achieve in producing a podcast?' To which we normally get an even less cogent answer."
Proctor adds: "Once you know what the objective is and you know what success looks like… you can step back and then look at all of the processes involved on the creative side and the narrative side."
The podcast market is developing rapidly says 4DC's Mitchell:
"Brands are now seeking to understand the true value of podcasting and how to convert a highly engaged listenership into customers and advocates. For example, Nielsen's Podcast Insights 2018 US Report, suggests that podcasting may become a necessity for brands – with avid podcast listeners claiming to be 14% more likely to purchase from a brand that communicates within a business podcast."
Understanding your podcast story
Brands need to understand whether their podcast is purely about the audience size, or is it actually about targeting a very tight niche? Or is it actually to sell product?
According to Proctor, it's only once a brand has decided on these parameters that: "You can then work out what the creative is and in terms of the business and commercialisation, you can look at the stepping stones to achieving the ultimate goal." At this stage brands need to have conversations around what it is that will drive those success factors.
Brands should also look at all of their existing channels and have a plan in place as to how they are going to leverage those.
Proctor suggests this may include "newsletters, their social channels, wherever they've already got a touchpoint to end users that will allow the promotion and the marketing of that podcast to be really effective."
Finally, brands should consider paid channels for the promotion of the podcast. These include paid search, paid social and advertising on existing relevant podcasts.
"You might look at paid social, paid search or maybe the brand could do sponsorship or spot advertising on other podcasts to try and convert existing podcasts listeners over to the brand's podcast. And lastly, brands might consider fullblown "in-read" adverts (where the existing podcast presenter promotes your podcast) because that's where the best conversion rates are. It's the most expensive form of advertising that you can do within podcasting, but it's truly effective."
Rob recommends podcast brands who are doing a great podcasting job:
Just a great listen:
How does the distribution and organic promotion of podcasting work?
One of the attractions, from a building an audience perspective of podcasting, is that it just takes one click for people to subscribe. That said, it remains a challenge to quickly build an audience and a long-term play.
Proctor states: "You need to work out how you're taking it to market in order to drive audience if you want to quickly grow your podcast listenership. We see a lot of really good podcasts, but you need to get the distribution right, you need to get the PR and marketing right, and use a platform like Audioboom.
"By using a distribution partner you will be able to leverage the relationships and the distribution partners that the platform has built with the likes of itunes, Spotify, stitcher and Google Play. "There is very little automated programmatic algorithmic discovery within podcasting, but there are 20 million podcasts on iTunes.
"So it's very hard unless you can get those podcasts onto the front page of iTunes, or get them into New and Noteworthy. Unless you can get more prominent on Spotify and other platforms."
Listen to a recent PRmoment podcast on podcasting with Howard Kosky, ceo of markettiers. Published in January 2019.
The range of social networks where organisations have communities has increased applications of video live streaming and on demand video opportunities for brands.
The fact that many organisations have significant audiences on YouTube, LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter means that live streaming and on demand video are multifaceted opportunities for brands.
Markettiers' Howard Kosky says: "Brands have now got the opportunity to be the broadcaster. Whether it's B2B or B2C, audiences are consuming live content from brands on tablets, PC and mobile. You've got brands creating a lot of owned channel content."
"The impact of live broadcast in creating an event, in creating an opportunity to view and in creating high engagement levels is phenomenal. You can drive through CRM mechanisms and DM mechanisms. "10 to 15 years ago if you wanted to do a live broadcast you would need satellite feeds, which was cost prohibitive for many.
"And just having a satellite feed didn't mean you'd have an audience – whereas now if you've got an audience on Facebook or Twitter or Instagram or Facebook, why would you not use the opportunity or simplicity of that technology?"
"Live streaming and on demand video are multifaceted opportunities for brands".
Case Study 1: DMCC
Client: DMCC
Agency: markettiers Objective: Support the launch of DMCC's international roadshow event, Made for Trade Live, and further promote DMCC in both the UK and in-region.
Strategy: Conducted insightful research amongst UK business owners and decisionmakers and pinpointed that UK businesses have an appetite for overseas expansion, with 75% of those considering expanding overseas interested in Dubai. Through this we were able to position DMCC as a strong option and support for trade and business expansion in Dubai and the UAE, amidst uncertainty and turbulence in more established markets, post Brexit and Trump administration.
Activation: Using multiple tactics to maximise coverage potential, we ensured the CEO of the DMCC Gautam Sashittal was busy throughout the day:
Dominating the news agenda: the CEO of DMCC conducted interviews on BBC Radio 4's Today Programme, Jazz FM's Business Breakfast, Sky News Radio, BBC World Service, Bloomberg, Reuters and LBC
Live Stream to LinkedIn: the live streamed panel session with Gautam Sashittal was so successful it overran by 15 mins due to the volume of questions received
B-Roll / Video News Release: packaged content was captured, edited overnight and placed with extensive online news channels in the UK and in-region
Over 800 businesses viewed the live stream, with the UK, US and UAE beingthe top countries to watch – meaning that every single person watching the stream was on target
On-demand: In the first 24 hours of going live over 6,000 people had watched the stream. The total audience reach is now >1.4m resulting in 38k interactions with DMCC
Capturing our audience's interest: the average viewing time was 21 minutes on a 30 minute stream proving that the topic and discussion was compelling
Compelling data: over 120 questions were submitted, with the CEO answering those questions that could not be answered during the live broadcast afterwards
Third party influence: a major Londonbased international recruiter also streamed the content live to their 800,000+ followers on LinkedIn, over 80,000 businesses were also reached via DMCC's database
Coverage: Key interviews secured on 50+ broadcast outlets with Reuters also issuing the B-Roll to its 600 major global newsrooms
Commercial metrics: 200 quality enquires from UK businesses to DMCC post the stream, exceeding the KPI set by markettiers by four times
Live stream Video Case Study 2: BACB
Client: BACB
Agency: markettiers
Objective: Educate investors and business partners on trade opportunities in Africa and the advantages BACB's niche placement has to offer importers and exporters.
Strategy: Create an international discussion around the current global business climate and its impact on businesses trading with African partners, as well as the challenges and opportunities of trading across the continent of Africa and the crucial role that Trade Finance plays.
Activation: markettiers curated BACB's first ever live interactive webcast - Trade With Africa. The lives stream programme, hosted by business journalist Michael Wilson, included three distinguished panellists, Patrick Gutmann (BACB), James Cantamantu Koomson (BACB) and Peter Millett, Former British Ambassador to Libya.
The webcast was broadcast live on both BACB's website and across LinkedIn, where current and potential new clients were invited to submit their questions whilst watching.
Result: The programme was also simulcast across a further nine third party websites, reaching potential new investors and business partners, and another four Africa focussed business websites. Viewers from nine countries, including France, Spain and UAE, tuned in to watch the discussion and 30 questions were submitted from members of the public.
Broadcast Case Study 2: How Oracle helped bees using broadcast
The Strategy:
Leveraging World Food Day (16 October 2018) and the partnership announcement, markettiers crafted a news advisory outlining the importance and potential scientific breakthroughs that the World Hive Network Launch might be able to achieve, enabled by Oracle Cloud technology.
The Activation:
Working collaboratively, markettiers wrote tech and business feature advisories and a broadcast news advisory and offered broadcasters the opportunity to film the beekeepers in Reading and interview on-site
Produced B-Roll with multiple spokespeople in two locations (London and Reading) and a cut news package
The cut news video feature told the story and outlined the importance of the relationship and an online advisory was created to sit alongside the video feature on third party websites and via social channels
Markettiers recommended capitalising on the partnership and strategised editorially balanced tactics designed to keep Oracle Cloud central to the story
The bespoke and indexed sell-in secured three television opportunities (Euronews, BBC South (key region for stakeholders), BBC London) reaching a global audience of more than eight million to date
Three radio interviews with BBC Berkshire and BBC5Live Up All Night which syndicated across all the local BBCs in the UK as well securing the Naked Scientist and BBC World Service Science in Action podcasts syndicating out to further 40 BBC regionals and BBC World Service radio
A Q&A about Oracle's use of broadcast media for the World Bee Project.
PRmoment founder Ben Smith caught up with Oracle's Chris Talago to talk about the importance of broadcast media in this campaign.
Ben Smith: What's the campaign all about?
Chris Talago: "This campaign is part of something that we call Your Tomorrow Today and it's the way in which companies and organisations are using cloud technology to transform their business and transform the problems that they face.
"So with the World Bee Project we wanted to make sure that people become aware of and understand why bees are dying out. Roughly 90% of the world's food production is dependent upon pollinators and the world's most important pollinators are bees and they're dying at a pretty alarming rate. The problem at the moment is we don't have enough data to understand why they're dying out."
BS: How does Oracle software help to solve that?
CT: "We put sensors in the hive – so we measure everything from the sound, to the temperature and humidity.
"The data helps us to begin to work out some of the conditions that might be leading to the bees dying out, whether that's in the hive, predators or the ecological conditions. And from that we do a whole bunch of data analytics and data visualisation and we were able to help provide them with some of the data potentially on why bees might be dying out, and from there we'll be able to work out a broader problem."
BS: What role did video and the broadcast media play in this campaign?
CT: "Video played a huge role. It was central to the broadcast strategy and broadcast played a huge role in getting the message out there to the wider public. "Prior to the campaign we talked a lot about which audiences we needed to address and some of that obviously is the broader public, but at the end of the day you know we are interested in telling a story that relates to Oracle's role not just the broader position around what's happening with the bees. "So we needed to interpret the story in a way that allowed us to tell the Oracle story. not just a story about bees. As compelling as that may be, it's not necessarily going to sell any more cloud products!
"So we have to be able to turn what is a general news story into a commercial benefit for Oracle.
"The role broadcast played was first to be very specific geographically, we got a whole bunch of shows across TV and radio in the Thames corridor and a lot of our customer base is in that corridor and they're able to hear what we had to say about data visualisation and the huge amounts of data that we're generating."
BS: Is a different approach needed for the televisual media, than text based channels?
CT: "I think the programming (in broadcast media) is very different. The way in which they commission content, the way in which the news programmes are decided, editorially the way in which you tell the stories is very different. So there's a lot of stuff there that if you didn't have specialist insight, might lead you to a different way of telling that story. It's just a completely different way of pitching media."
I can't say I'll be running an agency in the broadcast marketing industry for another 25 years. Yet, I am confident that broadcast, and its global impact, will continue to grow and further adapt to its audiences. Ensuring it remains relevant and a core part of people's daily media consumption.
My call-to-arms for the PR and communications industry that I've championed and loved for nearly 30 years, is to ensure that it stays current. Recognise the enormous opportunity we have to own one of the most effective, and trusted, series of channels and platforms available for delivering brand communications.
Let us not lose the ground or momentum to other disciplines and ensure we remain excited, challenged and leaders on behalf of brands.
Report written by Ben Smith.


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October 1st, 2013 | Issue one hundred two
What the Swedes Read: V. S. Naipaul
by Daniel Handler
Illustration by Charles Burns
LAUREATE: V. S. Naipaul (Trinidad and Britain, 2001)
BOOK READ: The Enigma of Arrival
Travel can be the perfect book. You see fresh scenery. You meet new people. Everyday details, invisible in your ordinary life, emerge as unexpected and wondrous, infused with the sort of clear-eyed observation that comes from being a stranger. It's the mission of so much literature to make the everyday vivid and striking, and yet we can all find this experience (Look what they do at weddings! Look what they eat in the morning!) by putting down our books and leaving town.
No surprise, then, that so many writers pile on the travel in their work in one way or another. Books take long walks through town (Open City, The Unconsoled) and long drives (Lolita, On the Road). Novels board their characters onto trains and planes, often so an inward journey has a matching exterior one, and nonfiction writers visit distant war zones or faraway fish markets to bring home the goods in a book about bringing home the goods. The journey might even be an excuse for a journey; more than one writer I know has traveled to some intriguing locale and then filled in the book later.
But of course there are authors who cannot help but write of a journey, so much does journeying dominate their outlook and experience. V. S. Naipaul is one of these. He was born in Trinidad and then emigrated to England as a young man, but what matters is not just the where of his life, but the when. His early books were published in the late 1950s, when England was engaged in the business of figuring out what to do with an empire, and Naipaul became a de facto spokesman for the postcolonial view.
The first Naipaul I read was A House for Mr. Biswas, a bright and busy novel full of local color that wasn't, you know, the color of my locality. I remember someone said to me that the book wouldn't have been noticed if it weren't about a far-flung culture, which is like saying Star Wars wouldn't be as good if it took place not a long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away, but three weeks ago in Boulder, Colorado. A House for Mr. Biswas fascinates, and maybe it wouldn't fascinate if you already knew all about the cultural crises of Indo-Trinidadians, but you don't, do you? Neither do I.
For this column I decided to try The Enigma of Arrival, for two reasons, the main one being that I'd read some of Naipaul's fiction and some of his nonfiction and this book appeared to be a midway point. My edition, for instance, has critical praise on the back describing the book both as "an elegant memoir" and "far and away the most curious novel I've read in a long time." This might sound confounding, but The Enigma of Arrival turns out to be a common enough sort of literary creature: the book that's obviously very, very true, with the sort of small shaping present in all memoirs but that is occasionally cause for so much controversy that publishers tack on "a novel" to silence those who are whining, "Did you know that the guy he calls Jack in the book was really notorious British eccentric Stephen Tennant?"
"Jack's Garden," the opening section of the book, situates the narrator—oh, stop it, it's Naipaul—in rural Britain, a locale I couldn't help but find startling for a transplanted Trinidadian. Naipaul doesn't find it startling, though. He feels bound to his environs not by birth or by blood but by history and literature, the delights of the Oxford education that beckoned him out of his homeland:
So much of this I saw with the literary eye, or with the aid of literature. A stranger here, with the nerves of the stranger, and yet with a knowledge of the language and the history of the language and the writing, I could find a special kind of past in what I saw; with a part of my mind I could admit to fantasy…
I returned to King Lear for the first time for more than twenty years, and read in Kent's railing speech, "Goose, if I had you upon Sarum Plain, I'd drive ye cackling home to Camelot," the words were quite clear to me. Sarum Plain, Salisbury Plain; Camelot, Winchester—just twenty miles away… I had arrived at an understanding of something in King Lear which, according to the editor of the text I read, commentators had found obscure.
Over time, the landscape and the few people in it slowly transform in Naipaul's eye, from a timeless place and source of solace from the life he left behind to a place with its own tangles and tumults, which provide less of one kind of solace—a blank space on which Naipaul can project his own, often-troubled ideas—and more of another: the true solace of making yourself at home. The start of the book feels like a fish-out-of-water premise—one can almost imagine the culture-clash comedy of a film adaptation—but by the book's close Naipaul's individual terrors and griefs have been folded into the landscape as he thinks through who and where he's been, and who and where he is now.
These ideas are threaded through the book's plot, but to say there isn't much of a story isn't accurate; it's just that Naipaul doesn't make much of it. The pondering of things becomes a background for the things themselves—
I can't remember another book where I read general musings on murder only to stop and realize that a murder had occurred—and the book moves at a fine clip because of the author's quick-moving brain, not because of anything rushing around him:
There came a stage on my walk along the riverbank when I stood directly in front of the water meadow where the yellow irises grew. Beyond that was the old orchard, with the box enclosure that lay to one side of my cottage. Above the orchard and the vegetable-garden wall I saw the roof and chimneys of my own cottage below the beeches, and was surprised all over again, every time, that that was where I lived.
It's the pace that's good here, the way we move so quickly across a dense place that seems at once mysterious and comfy. More than once I was reminded of one of our least Trinidadian writers, Richard Ford, who makes his way through the everyday, even the banal, with prose that isn't so much beautiful as it is immersive. I'd look up from a chapter break in The Enigma of Arrival and find I'd lost an hour in one hundred pages, blinking around the room, wondering how I'd gotten there.
A book you can get lost in, however, is sometimes like music you can dance to—you love it at the time, but not always when it's done. The Enigma of Arrival has a snake-eating-its-tail kind of ending, in which the book justifies itself by explaining that it's the book the author wrote to justify the book, reminding me that it was an account of one man's individual quest, and thus perhaps most satisfying to the man in question. Or perhaps not. The other reason I chose The Enigma of Arrival is because someone told me it was their all-time favorite book. It's rare that you read someone's all-time favorite book and agree wholeheartedly with the assessment, but The Enigma of Arrival, with its quiet peculiarities and mesmerizing pace, makes a case that it should be someone's, possibly a Swedish someone's, most pleasurable journey.
Daniel Handler is an American writer and musician. He is best known for his children's series A Series of Unfortunate Events and All the Wrong Questions, published under the pseudonym Lemony Snicket.
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How To Register And Get Your ISBN In Nigeria In 5 Minutes
Careers How Tos
By Igbo Clifford / February 24, 2022
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This article is for people who are trying to publish a book and get ISBN in Nigeria. Prior to now, getting your ISBN/ISSN as a Nigerian was a very difficult task.
You had to submit documents and generally, the processing time was above 2 weeks on average.
However thanks to The National Library of Nigeria, things have changed and you can now do it from the comfort of your home in a matter of minutes. Stay tuned!
ISBN: What Is It About?
The International Standard Book Number is a 10 or 13 digit code that identifies a published book for the purpose of marketing and supply.
It is unique to every publication and every edition of a particular book has to have a separate ISBN.
How Much Does It Cost To Get ISBN In Nigeria?
Getting your ISBN in Nigeria is far more affordable than in other countries. If you are doing it yourself, then you will spend anything from ₦2,500 to ₦3,000.
If an agent or book publisher will do it for you, you will have to negotiate with them.
What Are The Requirements For Getting An ISBN?
The only requirements are for getting an ISBN for your work is:
The book you are publishing. You will need the preliminary pages.
CAC certificate if you're registering as a company.
Valid means of identification if you are registering as an individual.
For the last two, you will need to provide only one as applicable. The charges are the same.
How To Get ISBN For Your Book In Nigeria
The steps for getting an ISBN for your book is very easy, thanks to the NLN.
We will be seeing them below:
Visit the official website of the National Library of Nigeria.
At the top, you will see an option for ISBN/ISSN. Click on it or visit this page directly.
Sign up or log in if you already have an account.
On logging in, you will see a light blue button write, APPLY FOR ISBN. Click on it.
Select your choice options on the next page, submit the required information and proceed.
Once you are done and make payment, your ISBN will pop up.
That was easy, right? You can also make good money helping people get their ISBNs online either in your company's name or theirs.
After this, you can now print your books and send them out to bookstores for marketing.
If you have any issues with their social media pages and contact form.
Igbo Clifford
Tech and entertainment-related business writer, moviemaker, storyteller and part-time traveller. Reach out to me via chima@julob.com!
The Guru's Guide On How To Register A Business Name In Nigeria
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text:
A magyar radikális jobboldal (más néven nemzeti radikálisok) a nemzeti radikalizmus ideológiájának magyar nemzetre vonatkozó változatát valló személyek és politikai szervezetek. Sajátos vonásai miatt, maga az ideológia elkülöníthető mind az ultranacionalizmustól, mind a hungarista-neonáci irányzatoktól, ugyanakkor tagjai szempontjából többnyire átfedést mutatnak. A magyarországi és határon túli magyarok körében is vannak támogatói. Az ideológiához a 2000-es évek szubkultúrája is társult.

Öndefiníciós ambivalencia
Az országos politikában részt venni szándékozó, önmagukat "nemzeti radikálisként", ill. "harmadikutasként" definiáló szervezetek, szalonképességük megőrzése érdekében, médianyilatkozataikban gyakran elhatárolják magukat a "szélsőjobboldaltól", miközben tagságuk és vezetőik homofób, antiszemita, rasszista, xenofób, migrációellenes, nacionalista, revizionista és egyéb szélsőséges megnyilvánulásai arra engednek következtetni, hogy személyes világnézetük messze nem ennyire élesen elhatárolható.

A nemzeti radikálisok magukat általában jobboldalinak, vagy harmadik utasnak tartják, közös ideológiájuk azonban nincs. Valamennyien erősen nacionalisták és patrióták – sokuktól nem idegen az irredentizmus és/vagy a területi revizionizmus sem. Nagy többségük a nemzetek keresztény Európájában hisz, nézetrendszerében a keresztényszocializmus és egyéb kereszténységből kiinduló világnézeti elemek gyakoriak.

Egy részük különböző, ősmagyar vagy hun, vagy e kettőből kevert motívumokhoz (is) kötődnek, mely többnyire nem jelent valós (új)pogány vallási kötődést (és/vagy a kereszténység megtagadását), csupán a "történelmi folytonosság-tudat" és a magyar nép ősi jellegének hangsúlyozását. Egy részük pedig valóban, a történelmi ismereteket többnyire saját elképzeléseikkel, vagy más vallásokkal (jellemzően a kereszténységgel) keverve különböző, sajátos sámánista vallást, vallásokat kreálnak és/vagy gyakorolnak, mint például a Magyarországon bejegyzett és törvényesen működő Ősmagyar Táltos Egyház.

Definíciós problémák
A politikai elit, a fősodratú média általában és – nem kis részben az előbbiek hatására – a közvélekedés jelentős részben (például Sólyom László volt köztársasági elnök is) a "radikális" és a "szélsőséges" szavakat gyakran szinonimaként használják, ezzel mintegy el nem ismerve a szélsőjobboldal és a radikális jobboldal közötti különbségek létezését, mellyel a nemzeti radikálisok meghatározzák magukat. A "radikálisok" értelemszerűen ezt a felfogást élesen elutasítják, mert szerintük ez egy kalap alá veszi őket a neonáci vagy az újnyilas szervezetekkel. A neonáci, hungarista szervezetek is kinyilvánították elkülönültségüket a nemzeti radikálisoktól. Ugyanakkor, tanulmányok sora tárta fel, hogy ez az éles, önérzetes elkülönülés inkább csak a nyilatkozatok szintjén jellemző és a valóságban a nemzeti radikális és szélsőjobboldali mozgalmak mind ideológiájukat, mind tagságukat, mind akcióikat, továbbá kapcsolati hálózatukat tekintve is jelentős átfedést mutatnak.

A nemzeti radikálisok elutasítják a politika bal- és jobboldal mentén történő felosztását, ehelyett nemzeti - globalista törésvonal mentén szemlélik a politikát, önmagukat nemzeti erőként megnevezve. Megkülönböztetik a fasiszta és neonáci irányzatoktól magukat, melyek nézetrendszere és külsőségeik is markánsan különböznek a nemzeti radikálisokéitól. A "szélsőséges" jelzőt általában magukra nézve sértőnek tekintik.

A politológusok között sincs azonban egyetértés. Lánczi András a MIÉP-et például nem tekinti szélsőjobboldalinak, hanem egyszerűen nacionalistának, Donáth László viszont nemzeti szocialista pártnak tartotta. Kiss Viktor szerint "...a radikális jobboldalról egész másképp kellene gondolkodni, mint eddig, és nem szabadna továbbra is összemosni a neonáci-hungarista irányzatokat az úgynevezett jobboldali vagy nemzeti radikalizmussal..." Stumpf István egy rádióinterjúban radikális, de nem szélsőséges pártként jellemezte a Jobbikot. Török Gábor szerint sem lehet a Jobbikot szélsőséges pártnak tekinteni. Kéri László ugyanakkor 2009-ben megkérdőjelezte, hogy valójában kimeríthető-e a Jobbik jellemzése a nemzeti radikális jelzővel. Ungváry Rudolf már neonyilas pártnak címkézte a Jobbikot. Gerő András 2010-ben erőszakos nemzeti bolsevik pártként jellemezte. Tamás Gáspár Miklós hazugnak (sic!) tartotta a nemzeti bolsevik elnevezést, s a posztfasiszta elnevezés mellett szállt síkra, elvetve mind a radikális, mind a szélsőséges jelzőket.

Nemzeti radikalizmus a múltban
A nemzeti radikalizmus a 19. század második felében (tehát a szabadságharc utáni) Magyarországon az 1848-as politikai eszmék, vívmányok újra bevezetését szorgalmazókat jelölte, azaz az ország politikai berendezkedésének teljes, radikális átalakítását a nacionalista eszmerendszer szerint, de általánosságban 48-as alapokon. Közülük is a "49-esek" voltak a legradikálisabbak, vagyis azok, akik a szabadságharc legvégén, azaz 1849-ben, a világosi fegyverletétel előtti utolsó politikai állapotokat (Habsburg trónfosztás, osztrák-magyar perszonálunió felbontása, Magyarország köztársasággá alakítása, stb.) kívánták megvalósítani (őket gúnyolták "Kossuth-hívőknek" is). A 48-asok (avagy függetlenségiek) többféle irányzatra bomlottak mindvégig számtalan törésvonal mentén (lásd: 47-es, 48-as, 49-es és 67-es pártok). Közös jellemzőjük volt a magyarosítás politikájának szorgalmazása, a magyar "kultúrfölény" érvényesítése az élet minden területén (tehetségtől függetlenül, származási alapon), akár a nemzetiségek elnyomása, erőszakos magyarosítása árán is, ami gyakran csapott át (pl. Bánffy Dezső és az Új Párt) egyenesen sovinizmusba. Ez akkoriban ritkán párosult zsidógyűlölettel, vagy a manapság csatolt egyéb gondolatokkal, például a tiszaeszlári vérvádban a megvádolt zsidók védőügyvédje, Eötvös Károly maga is ilyen nézeteket vallott, Bánffy Új Pártjának legelső tagjai közt volt. A korban őket a baloldalra sorolták. Az 1848-49-es forradalom utáni legelső ilyen radikális politikai formáció például szélsőbal néven szerveződött meg a mérsékelt Határozati Párt (majd az ebből lett Balközép Párt) platformjaként. A radikális irányzat egyik legemblematikusabb alakja a "legkurucabb magyar", id. Madarász József volt, aki hosszú élete (1814–1915) során 1848-tól haláláig országgyűlési képviselő volt (előtte meg egy alkalommal országgyűlési követ). Radikalizmusát legjobban talán az a tény fejezi ki, hogy egyike volt annak a mindössze hét képviselőnek a 480-ból, akik 1867-ben nemmel szavaztak Ferenc József magyar királlyá koronázásáról és az eseménytől is távol tartották magukat.

A két világháború között Dr. Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Endre megalapította a Nemzeti Radikális Pártot, és az az Országgyűlésbe is bejutott.

Nézetrendszere
A nemzeti radikalizmus nem kizárólag ideológiai alapon építkező csoportosulás, mint inkább ellenkultúra. Bár képviselői néha alapvető elvi kérdésekben is egymásnak ellentmondó álláspontokat vallanak, mégis közösen alkotnak egyfajta ellenkultúrát – írókkal, zenekarokkal, tömegrendezvényekkel, egyéb kulturális eseményekkel. Pártpolitikai szempontból a jelentősége 1998 és 2002 között tetőzött, amikor akkori vezető pártja, (a MIÉP) bejutott az Országgyűlésbe. Míg a MIÉP elsősorban az idősebb korosztályt szólította meg sikeresen, addig a jelenlegi nemzeti radikális mozgalmak leginkább a fiatalok között népszerűek. 2002 óta inkább ellenkultúra-szerepük erősödik.

A magyarországi radikális jobboldal rendkívül tagolt, heterogén, ezért nincs egységes programja. A szervezetek csak egyes, kiemelt kérdésekről fogalmazzák meg álláspontjukat – minden esetben politikai hatalom nélkül - a mindenkori aktuális politikai rendszer tagadásaként.

Egyetértésük alapja, hogy elítélik a Magyar Köztársaság jelenlegi társadalmi berendezkedését (liberális demokrácia), és elengedhetetlennek tartják annak radikális, gyökeres megváltoztatását. A konzervatív jobboldalon egyesek a lassú változásokra építő, fontolva haladás politikáját tartják követendőnek, míg mások egy korábbi korszak értékeihez kívánnak visszatérni. A radikális jobboldalra egyértelműen az utóbbi jellemző. Általában a dualizmus vagy a Horthy-korszak berendezkedését tekintik követendő példának, amihez szerintük vissza kéne térni.

Követeléseik, programjuk felépítése többnyire dichotóm. Általában a jelenlegi rendszer valamely kritikáját tartalmazza, és annak okát, valamint a rá adott nemzeti radikális megoldást.
 Államrend: A radikálisok szerint alkotmányos rendszerünk "szélsőségesen liberális", nem biztosítja a haza érdekeinek megfelelő képviseletét. Megoldásként új alkotmányozást, vagy a meglévő alkotmány komolyabb módosítását tartják szükségesnek. Álláspontjuk szerint a szovjet megszállás után Magyarország elvesztette szuverenitását és legitim, történelmi, Szent Korona-tanra épülő alkotmányát, és mivel a jelenlegi az 1949-ben szovjet mintára hozott új alkotmány módosítása, azt sztálini örökségnek tekintik. Az alkotmányozás célja egyes csoportjaik szerint a visszatérés a történelmi alkotmányhoz. Egységesen állítják, hogy a rendszerváltás elmaradt vagy legalábbis megrekedt, ezért "valódi rendszerváltásra" van szükség.
 Sajtószabadság: A radikálisok szerint Magyarországon nincs valódi sajtószabadság, mivel szerintük a balliberális oldalhoz, a jobboldali hatalomközpontosító kormányhoz és a multinacionális tőkéhez köthető üzleti, gazdasági körök pénzügyi erőfölényükkel visszaélve mesterségesen eltorzítják a médiapiacot, így az információk nem áramlanak szabadon. Úgy látják, hogy a média egyes témákat (pl. határon túli magyarok helyzete vagy a cigánybűnözés) elhallgat, tabuként kezel.
 Közbiztonság: A közbiztonság ma Magyarországon szerintük súlyos probléma. Ennek egyik fő oka a radikálisok szerint a cigány kisebbség nem dolgozó, bűnöző rétege által elkövetett bűncselekményekben keresendő, amire a cigánybűnözés fogalmával hivatkoznak. A megoldás módja szerintük általában a büntetések súlyosbítása és a szociális segélyezés visszafogása, a visszaélések megakadályozása. Úgy vélik, hogy ezzel munkára kényszeríthetnék a munkanélküli cigányságot. Programjukban nagy hangsúlyt fektetnek a civil alapon szerveződő "nemzeti önvédelemre", mellyel a szerintük leépített és az országot megvédeni képtelen Magyar Honvédség egyes feladatait is szeretnék ellátni. A legismertebb ilyen szervezet a Magyar Gárda.
 Európai Unió: Egységesen ellenzik a Magyar Köztársaság uniós tagságát, mert úgy tartják, hogy az csorbítja az ország önrendelkezését. Álláspontjuk szerint a schengeni határnyitás nem oldja meg a trianoni békeszerződés és a határon túli magyarok problémáját, látszatmegoldásnak, figyelemelterelésnek érzik.
 Globalizáció: Harcos antiglobalisták – álláspontjuk szerint azért, mert elsőrendűen fontosnak tartják a hagyományos magyar értékek és a magyar piac védelmét. Súlyos problémának tartják az idegen, különösen a zsidó tőke magyarországi térhódítását.
 Környezetvédelem: Hasonlóan a társadalom számos más csoportjához a radikális jobboldal is fontosnak tartja a környezetvédelmet, de általában konkrétumok nélkül. Nagy hangot kapott a Verespatak megmentéséért vívott küzdelem. Említendő még a margitszigeti fakivágások elleni tiltakozás vagy a génkezelt áruk kitiltásának követelése.
 Nemzetpolitika: Ez az, amit mindennél fontosabbnak tartanak. Fontos célkitűzésük a magyarság fogyásának megállítása – egyes szervezeteik abortuszellenesek (pro-life). Hangsúlyozzák szolidaritásukat a határon túl élő magyarsággal, fontosnak tartják az elszakadt nemzettestben élők felkarolását, a magyar érdekek következetes végigvitelét akár más államokkal, különösen Szlovákiával, Romániával, Szerbiával és Ukrajnával szemben. Ideológiájuk fontos pontja a trianoni békeszerződés kérdésköre: jelszavaik közt állandóan szerepel a Magyarországot ért igazságtalanság orvoslása. Támogatják a határon túli magyarok függetlenedését, autonómiatörekvéseiket. Szervezeteik igyekeznek átnyúlni az országhatárokon, egységként tekinteni a Kárpát-medencei magyarságra.
 Kultúra: Nagyon fontosnak tartják a nemzeti identitás erősítését, a magyar kultúra ápolását, a magyar nyelv védelmét. Ellenzik a liberális oktatáspolitikát. Sokuk szkeptikusan, lenézően viszonyul a modern művészetekhez, mert úgy tartják, hogy az hanyatlás az azt megelőző korok fennkölt, méltóságteljes művészetéhez képest.

Történelemszemlélet

A magyar radikálisok történelemszemlélete alapvetően két fő ponton tér el a "hivatalos" állásponttól: más a véleményük a magyar őstörténetről és máshogy ítélik meg a 20. század eseményeit.

 Sokan a magyarságra erőltetett nézetnek tartják, ezáltal elvetik a finnugor nyelvrokonság elméletét, sokan úgy vélik, hogy ez "rossz hatással van" a magyarság öntudatára. Számos nemzeti radikális a hun-magyar rokonság vagy azonosság híve. Badiny Jós Ferenc és követői munkássága nyomán népszerű a sumér és a magyar nyelv rokonságának elképzelése, valamint a kettős honfoglalás elmélete is. A kereszténység felvételét különbözőképpen ítélik meg: a többség a magyarságot ezer éven át összetartó erőt látja benne, egyesek azonban az ősi magyar kultúra elpusztítóját – utóbbiak az államalapítás előtti szimbólumrendszerhez kötődnek. Más elméletek szerint a magyarság már Szent István uralkodása előtt kapcsolatba került a kereszténységgel, felvette azt, így az eleve szervesen beépült a magyarság kultúrájába.

A magyar nemzeti radikálisok általában tisztelik Horthy Miklóst, felvállalják szellemi és politikai örökségét. Ezen kívül általában pozitív személyként tekintenek például Apponyi Albertre és Tisza Istvánra, de gyakorinak nevezhetőek a Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Endre nacionalista és antifasiszta elméletének követői is. Az 1956-os forradalomra tisztelettel tekintenek, máig érvényes példaként gondolnak rá. Több egykori felkelő most nemzeti radikális szervezetekben politizál. Az '56-ot nem ritkán ellenforradalomnak nevezik, de nem abban a negatív kicsengésű értelemben, ahogy a szocializmus idején használták, hanem úgy tartják, hogy annak célja Magyarország normális társadalmi berendezkedésbe visszaforgatása volt.

Társadalomszemlélet

A nemzeti radikálisok – a kereszténydemokrata és jobbközép konzervatív pártokkal egyezően – a családot tartják a társadalom alapegységének, annak védelme különösen fontos helyet foglal ez nézetrendszerükben. (szemben az individualista, liberális felfogással, miszerint a társadalom alapegysége az egyén.)

A nemzeti radikálisok az ország nemzetállam jellegét hangsúlyozzák.

A nemzeti radikálisok eszméi közt nem központi elem sem az antiszemitizmus, sem a rasszizmus, bár a külső szemlélők szerint feltűnően sok köztük a rasszista – különösen az antiszemita és a cigánygyűlölő. Egyes szervezetek kampányokkal és rendezvényekkel próbálják javítani a róluk kialakult képet.

Gazdaságszemlélet

A nemzeti radikalizmus nézetrendszerébe keveredett számos olyan elem is, amiket közgondolkodás hagyományosan baloldalhoz köthetőnek tart – mint például a "romantikus antikapitalizmus", vagy a globalizációellenesség. Magát a piacgazdaságot azonban nem tekintik ellenségnek, inkább csak embertelen mellékhatásait kívánják mérsékelni, visszafogni, amelyeket vadkapitalizmusnak neveznek.

A nemzeti radikalizmus gazdasági kérdésekben globalizáció-ellenességet hirdet, a hazai termelők, a kis- és középvállalatok erősítését, védelmét szorgalmazza. Ellenzi a nemzetközi nagyvállalatok túlzott hazai betelepülését.

Megadóztatnák a nagyobb jövedelmeket, kétkulcsos adórendszer helyett progresszívabb szja-rendszert akarnak. Habár a multik "móresre tanításáról" beszélnek, programjuk szerint mindössze esélyegyenlőséget teremtenének a külföldi és hazai vállalkozások közt. Megszüntetnék a külföldiek adómentességét, de átmeneti szabályozással segítenék őket, hogy beilleszkedjenek a hazai adókörnyezetbe, és korlátoznák a külföldiek termőföldvásárlását.

Pártok, szervezetek
A magyar politikai palettán a nemzeti radikális pártok főként a Fidesztől jobbra állókat és a Fidesz-tábor radikálisabb szavazóit próbálják megszólítani. Ilyen párt volz az 1993-től 2021-ig létező Magyar Igazság és Élet Pártja (MIÉP), a tíz évvel később, 2003-ban létrejött Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom (amely manapság már nem tekinthető radikálisnak). Egyesek szerint ilyen volt az 1996–2002 közti (Giczy–Bartók-féle) Kereszténydemokrata Néppárt (KDNP) is. Megemlítendő még a Független Kisgazdapárt (FKgP) is, mivel sokáig összefogtak más radikális pártokkal is. Ilyen párt a 2018-ban létrejött, Jobbikból kivált Mi Hazánk Mozgalom.

Széles körben ismertté vált radikális szervezet még a 2006-os tiltakozások során a legnagyobb, kossuth téri tüntetést szervező Magyar Nemzeti Bizottság 2006 és a szintén az akcióival ismertté vált Hatvannégy Vármegye Ifjúsági Mozgalom, illetve a Jobbikkal egykor szoros kapcsolatot ápoló Magyar Gárda. A gárdához hasonló szervezetek még az Új Magyar Gárda, a Magyar Nemzeti Gárda, a Nemzeti Őrsereg, az Őrző Magyar Gárda Mozgalom, a Szebb Jövőért Polgárőr Egyesület, a Véderő, a Betyársereg, a Pannon Nemzeti Gárda, és a Toroczkai László által 2018-ban létrehozott Nemzeti Légió.

Magyar nemzeti radikalizmus a határon túl
A nemzeti radikális civil mozgalmaknak (pl. a Hatvannégy Vármegye Ifjúsági Mozgalom) számtalan szervezete van a magyar Szent Korona országainak többségében magyarok lakta területein.

A legismertebb nemzeti rock zenekarok – például a Kárpátia, Ismerős Arcok – rendszeresen szerveznek nagy érdeklődéssel fogadott koncerteket a határon túli magyaroknak.

Ellenkultúra
A nemzeti radikális szervezetek sajátos ellenkultúrája szavakban szembehelyezkedik a fogyasztói társadalom alapjaival és a liberális, vagy általa liberálisnak vélt, tartott elvekkel. Az első jelentősebb nemzeti radikális rendezvény a Toroczkai László által életre hívott kulturális és könnyűzenei fesztivál, a Magyar Sziget volt – ezt a Sziget Fesztivál mintájára, annak ellenpárjaként szervezték meg. Az ezredforduló évében megrendezett első fesztiválon mindössze néhány száz fiatal vett részt, napjainkra már tízezer körüli a látogatók száma. Az utóbbi időben több más nemzeti radikális fesztivált is szerveznek (pl. Kárpátfeszt, EMI-tábor), valamint több országos, önmagát nemzeti radikálisnak meghatározó politikai és kulturális folyóirat indult.

Nemzeti radikális média

A nemzeti radikális média jórészt az interneten szerveződik, emellett jelentős a nyomtatott sajtó, mely hetilapokból, illetve még ritkábban (kéthetente-havonta) megjelenő kiadványokból áll. Az internetes adókat leszámítva tévé- vagy rádiócsatorna nincs. A nemzeti radikálisok saját médiumaik mellett a fősodratú jobboldali médiát (például Hír TV, Echo TV, Magyar Nemzet, Magyar Hírlap, Heti Válasz, Magyar Demokrata, Lánchíd Rádió) is kedvelik. A nemzeti radikális média több szempontból is elüt a média fősodrától. Nincsenek nagy, országos médiumai, aminek fő oka a kezdőtőke hiánya és a hirdetők alacsony száma – ezek rendszerint magyar kisvállalkozások, üzletek. Hangneme, tartalma is más: gyakran közöl olyan híreket, amelyeket a fősodratú média nem kap fel vagy elhallgat. Szóhasználata kemény, szókimondó, provokatív, igyekszik a politikai korrektség elveinek szándékosan minél kevésbé megfelelni.

A legismertebb radikális jobboldali weboldal a kuruc.info. A 2004-ben indult hírportál elsősorban provokatív stílusával, szélsőjobboldali vonásaival és a személyes adatokkal való rendszeres visszaéléseivel tűnik ki a többi közül. Akciói miatt többször került országos figyelem középpontjába, betiltását Gyurcsány Ferenc miniszterelnök is kezdeményezte, de mivel a szervere nem Magyarországon van, jogi úton nem sikerült eredményesen fellépni ellene, végül a magyar titkosszolgálat közbelépése miatt kényszerültek egy hónapos leállásra 2008 július-augusztusában.

További radikális jobboldali internetes híroldalak voltak a Jobbik-közeli alfahir.hu (korábbi nevén barikád.hu, mely 2009 júniusában nyomtatott magazint indított), a Nemzeti Hírháló, a JobbHírek és a hunhír.hu. Bár nem híroldal, jelentős médium volt a Tomcat nevével fémjelzett, már megszűnt Bombagyár közösségi blog, amely írások mellett Bombagyár Rádió néven hetente 2–2,5 órában blográdiót üzemeltetett, alkalmanként Bombagyár TV néven videó összeállításokat is közölt a egyes eseményekről.

A Hatvannégy Vármegye Ifjúsági Mozgalom saját hetilapja a Magyar Jelen. Jelentős nemzeti radikális magazin a havonta megjelenő, magát gondolkodó magyarok lapjaként aposztrofáló Kárpátia magazin és a Kapu magazin. További hetilapok a Magyar Világ, az önmagát Csurka István lapjaként megnevező Magyar Fórum, illetve a Nemzetőr. Jelentős nemzeti radikális webrádió a Szent Korona Rádió, mely kizárólag magyar zenét játszik, főleg nemzeti rockzenét. A rádió 2008-ban a zene.hu közönségszavazásán elnyerte a legnépszerűbb webrádió címet.

Nemzeti rock

A nemzeti radikális értékrendet az ifjúságnak manapság leginkább a nemzeti rock közvetíti. A stílus a 2000-es években indult virágzásnak, zenéjében a népzenei hagyományok keverednek a rockzenével. A vele gyakran összemosott skinhead szubkultúránál jóval tágabb a közönsége, több koncert tömegrendezvénynek számít. Az együttesek gyakran koncerteznek a határon kívül, a történelmi Magyarország különböző pontjain.

Kapcsolódó szócikkek
 Magyarország politikai élete
 Jobboldal
 Magyar szélsőjobboldal

Jegyzetek

További információk
 Politikai okkultizmus Magyarországon 8.: Ifjú szívekben – Magyar Narancs, 2006/1. szám
 A nemzeti oldal szétesésének kronológiája – Bombagyár
 Krekó Péter – Juhász Attila – Molnár Csaba: A szélsőjobboldal iránti társadalmi kereslet növekedése Magyarországon  – In: Politikatudományi Szemle, 2011/2. szám, 53–79. o.
 Kertész-Bakos Ferenc: Politikai okkultizmus  2012.

Nemzeti radikalizmus Magyarországon


text:
Tatyana Ali Shares First Photo of Baby Edward: 'Learning How to Keep Up With This Little Pumpkin'
By Raphael Chestang 6:53 PM PDT, October 31, 2016
Fresh Prince of Bel-Air star Tatyana Ali gave fans a tiny first-look at her baby boy on Monday.
"Spending my days learning how to keep up with this little pumpkin," Ali wrote on Instagram, along with a photo of herself holding her little bundle of joy. "Happy Halloween Everybody!"
A post shared by Tatyana Ali (@tatyanaali)
Ali and husband, Dr. Vaughn Rasberry, welcomed their first child, Edward Aszard Rasberry, on Sept. 16.
In addition to introducing her newborn to the world, Ali's Instagram post also promoted her latest blog post for People.com. In it, Ali reveals how she's adjusting to parenthood.
"We're completely swooning over this kid," Ali writes. "When I kiss him in his sleep, soundly in REM, dreaming his baby dreams, he smiles and my heart explodes out of my body and into all of the space surrounding us."
WATCH: 'Fresh Prince of Bel-Air' Star Tatyana Ali Welcomes First Child
The 37-year-old actress goes on to detail how strenuous her labor was.
"After a long labor -- 24 hours -- I heard my baby before I saw him," she writes. "By the time he was in my arms, I had just enough energy, with my husband and our doula's help, to have him latch. I fell asleep knowing that he had safely arrived."
Ali and Rasberry wed during an intimate ceremony on July 17 after a four-month engagement. The guest list for the Beverly Hills nuptials included Ali's former Fresh Prince of Bel-Air co-stars Alfonso Ribeiro (Carlton), Karyn Parsons (Hilary) and Joseph Marcell (Geoffrey).
EXCLUSIVE: Tatyana Ali Gets Candid About Her Baby Reveal and Wedding Details


, Geauga Co., OH, between ca. 1 Mar. and ca. 4 May 1835. Featured version titled "On Priesthood"; typeset ca. mid-May 1835; in Doctrine and Covenants, 1835 ed., pp. 82–89. For more complete source information, see the source note for Doctrine and Covenants, 1835 edition.
Orson Hyde and William E. McLellin, Kirtland, OH, 8 Mar. 1835, Letter to the Editor, LDS Messenger and Advocate, Mar. 1835, 1:90.
of the church in those areas.
, and other officers in the church. This instruction was apparently meant to aid the Twelve in their regulation of the eastern branches, while also providing detailed information about the responsibilities of priesthood officers.
Like the earlier "Articles and Covenants" of the church, the instruction became an important document establishing significant doctrines on the governing bodies of the church and on the priesthood itself.
The Instruction on Priesthood compiled information from previous JS revelations. Much of the instruction came from a revelation JS had dictated in November 1831.
See Revelation, 11 Nov. 1831–B [D&C 107 (partial)].
According to some observers, JS dictated other parts of the instruction as an 1835 revelation.
See, for example, Kimball, "Journal and Record," 54.
Some of the instruction also elaborated on ideas first presented in a September 1832 revelation, indicating that JS was gaining new understanding into concepts of priesthood and leadership.
Minutes, Discourse, and Blessings, 14–15 Feb. 1835; Minutes and Blessings, 21 Feb. 1835.
later remembered JS spending "two hours laboring with Elder Cowdery to get him to write" what Young called a "Revelation on Priesthood"—probably this instruction.
School of the Prophets Provo Records, 15 Apr. 1868, 5–6.
Indeed, when the instruction was published in the 1835 edition of the Doctrine and Covenants, it was designated as an instruction "On Priesthood." Church members saw the instruction as coming from God.
, for example, referred to the instruction as something "the Lord" had "bestow[ed] upon" the Saints through "Brother Joseph" and explained that the Twelve Apostles "praised the Lord" for its contents.
Kimball, "Journal and Record," 54.
See Minutes, Discourse, and Blessings, 14–15 Feb. 1835.
Similar explanations appear in the featured instruction. In addition, the instruction contains detailed information about the office of Seventy, which was first instituted in the church at meetings held on 28 February and 1 March 1835. It is unlikely that the instruction was completed before this office was formally introduced into the church.
remembered that JS dictated the instruction on priesthood at a meeting of the Twelve one evening after the apostles had been called and most of them had been ordained. Kimball's account places the meeting sometime before the first week of April 1835.
A later JS history placed this dictation on 28 March 1835 and referenced a document recounting a meeting of the Twelve where, after a period of "general confession," they made a written request that JS obtain for them a revelation of God's "mind and will concerning our duty the coming season." The history states that JS then dictated this instruction.
JS History, vol. B-1, 581–582.
McLellin, Journal, 28–30 Mar. 1835; William E. McLellin, Huntsburgh, OH, to Oliver Cowdery, 16 Apr. 1835, in LDS Messenger and Advocate, Apr. 1835, 1:102–103.
Another five apostles were presumably in Kirtland.
Huntsburgh is about seventeen miles from Kirtland, and according to McLellin's diary, JS, and presumably the apostles with him, did not leave Huntsburgh until 30 March.
McLellin, Journal, 30 Mar. 1835.
The minutes, however, do not provide more detail on the instruction JS gave. Another possibility is that the featured instruction was presented in a 28 April 1835 meeting of the Twelve. At that meeting, a motion was carried that each apostle "forgive one another every wrong that has existed among us," which may have been the "general confession" mentioned in the later JS history.
Record of the Twelve, 28 Apr. 1835; JS History, vol. B-1, 581.
, printed copies of "the Six first forms of the Doctrine and Covenants," which included the instruction.
, and newer offices such as the high council, the Twelve Apostles, and the Seventy. It also gives specific names for the two priesthoods in the church—Melchizedek for the higher priesthood and Aaronic for the lower—and explains why those two names were applied to these priesthoods.
The instruction explains that the presidency of the high priesthood has the right to officiate in all offices of the church and further illuminates the role of the bishop in the church, explaining that the bishopric is the presidency of the Aaronic priesthood. Essentially, this document updated the Articles and Covenants and other revelations on church administration and codified the roles of the new offices.
No manuscript copies of the complete instruction are extant.
The featured version was published in the 1835 edition of the Doctrine and Covenants, which was issued in September of that year.
Historical Introduction to Doctrine and Covenants, 1835.
and the other containing the church's "Covenants and Commandments," or JS's revelations. This instruction is the third document in the "Covenants and Commandments" portion, directly following a revelatory preface and the foundational Articles and Covenants of the church.
Articles and Covenants, ca. Apr. 1830, in Doctrine and Covenants 2, 1835 ed. [D&C 20].
, New York, in May, for example, mention the Twelve providing "much explanation" about "the nature and principles of church government," items that the instruction addresses.
Record of the Twelve, 4–9 May 1835.
church leaders to the Twelve also contains a reference that suggests the Twelve had an advanced copy of the published version of the instruction at that time.
Letter to Quorum of the Twelve, 4 Aug. 1835.
, and has power and authority over all the offices in the church, in all ages of the world, to administer in spiritual things.
6 An elder has a right to officiate in his stead when the high priest is not present.
of the church; and they have a right to officiate in all these offices of the church when there are no higher authorities present.
8 The second priesthood is called the priesthood of Aaron, because it was conferred upon Aaron and his seed, throughout all their generations.
See Revelation, 22–23 Sept. 1832 [D&C 84:18].
, or authority of the same.
No man has a legal right to this office, to hold the keys of this priesthood, except he be a litteral descendant of Aaron.
unto this power by the hands of the presidency of the Melchizedek priesthood.
See Revelation, 22–23 Sept. 1832 [D&C 84:19–22]; Vision, 16 Feb. 1832 [D&C 76:53–54]; and Seventh Lecture on Faith, in Doctrine and Covenants, 1835 ed., 71–72.
of repentance for the remission of sins, agreeably to the covenants and commandments.
See Revelation, 22–23 Sept. 1832 [D&C 84:26–27].


Perfectly normal. As long as you can keep your hand on them for a few seconds, they'll be fine.
Unless someone has an identical setup to you then a xml from them will not be any use. They would have to be using the same motors/drives and have the I/O connected to the same pins.
Yes. It's all optoisolated with a built in DC/DC power supply, so it'll do the job nicely.


text:
Q: Add unread notification badge on android app icon I use eclipse IDE for develop android applications.
I want to show notification badge on android app icon for all android devices but i did not find solution for that. How does i implement this?

A: An Android library named ShortcutBadger makes your android app showing the count of unread messages as a badge on your app icon. Try it.
https://github.com/leolin310148/ShortcutBadger
Using android-viewbadger lib you can easily create badge on any given android view at runtime without having to cater for it in layout.
https://github.com/jgilfelt/android-viewbadger

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Near Space Research (University of Rome La Sapienza) and The ISTAR Group (USA) launched two small stratospheric balloons during January, 2012 from the community of Ny-Alesund on Spitsbergen Island, Svalbard Norway (78?55?0? N 11?56?0?E) as part of the Polar Observation Platform (POP) campaigns. Ny-Alesund is the word?s northernmost functional public settlement. CNR (Italian) hosted the scientists at the Dirigibile Italia base and supported the launch operations with personnel Fabio Palmieri , Vittorio Tulli, and Emiliano Liberatori. Additional personnel support came from AWI/IPEV (Germany) who also provided helium for the balloons. Kings Bay AS manages the international arctic research station and provided excellent overall support.
1) The test of new electronic components and micro-telemetry system designed and built by the Physics department at the University of Rome La Sapienza and to test a new data systems.
2) Observe, in real time, the polar winter night sky stratospheric wind trajectories for planning future campaigns with heavy lift Long Duration Balloons (LDB) during the polar night.
3) to test new flight hardware developed by ISTAR.
The advantage of a winter flight offers the science teams observations without the solar radiation experienced during the summer months. The payload was a simple battery powered GPS and transmitter that delivered time, temperature, speed, heading, and altitude with IRIDIUM communication. The balloons were a cylinder design manufactured by Near Space Corporation in Tillamook, Oregon, USA. Each balloon was 3,791 m3 (133,864 ft3) with a payload range of 0 lb./ 0 kg to 85 lb. / 38.56 kg.
The first launch was performed in perfect conditions, -4C with < 1 mps. The balloon ascended nominally but then began to descend after reaching an altitude of 15 km. The balloon descended until landing on a glacier approximately 79� 46' N 15� 22' E. Recovery of the balloon and payload will be made when daylight returns to the far north. Suspect is simply the extreme cold (-68� C) and sheer winds of the troposphere. Further investigations are ongoing.
The second launch operation was performed in perfect condition (-1C� 0 mps winds). Ascent rate was 4.2 mps. The trajectory of the second balloon was a surprise as once float altitude was reached, the balloon turned from a westward climb-out to a southern track and continued in a SSE trajectory. The trajectory continued southerly through the next 28 hours crossing Norway and over Sweden. The winds were in excess of 80 kph. Upon reaching Gotland Island, Sweden, it was determined best to terminate the flight over an area of open fields.
The terminate commands were sent and the balloon separated from the flight train and the payload descended and impacted in a lightly forested area of Gotland near the property of the launch director, Steven Peterzén cousin Kaj Wiren, who, along with a friend, simply went and recovered the payload. Kaj then took it home to ship back to the University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. The payload and flight system are in perfect condition. Amazing coincidence! The trajectoy was unlike any flight profile experienced in the past 8 years of launching stratospheric balloons from Svalbard.
The team will return to Svalbard in May of 2012 for additional testing and again during the winter of 2012 / 2013 to extend the investigation of the polar winter stratospheric winds in preparation for a heavy lift (large payload) winter campaign. For the 2012/2013 winter, NSR is planning a 15 balloon campaign. This marks the 5th winter stratospheric balloon launched by the NSR team from Svalbard.


text:
Paramater estimation bias and volatility scaling in Black-Scholes option prices
Jonathan A. Batten, Craig A. Ellis*
Macquarie Graduate School of Management
When asset returns conform to a Gaussian distribution, the moments of the distribution over long return intervals may be estimated by scaling the moments of shorter return intervals. While it is well known that asset returns are not normally distributed, a key empirical question concerns the effect that scaling the volatility of dependent processes will have on the pricing of related financial assets. This study investigates the return properties of the most important currencies traded in spot markets against the U.S. dollar: the Japanese yen, the British pound, and the Swiss franc during the period November 1983 to April 2004. The novelty of this paper is that the volatility properties of the series are tested utilising statistical procedures developed from fractal geometry, with the economic impact determined within an option-pricing framework.
International Review of Financial Analysis
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2004.06.008
Long-term dependence
Scaling volatility
10.1016/j.irfa.2004.06.008
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Paramater estimation bias and volatility scaling in Black-Scholes option prices'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Asset returns Business & Economics
Option prices Business & Economics
Black-Scholes Business & Economics
Scaling Business & Economics
Option pricing Business & Economics
Fractal Business & Economics
Currency Business & Economics
Novelty Business & Economics
Batten, J. A., & Ellis, C. A. (2005). Paramater estimation bias and volatility scaling in Black-Scholes option prices. International Review of Financial Analysis, 14(2), 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2004.06.008
Batten, Jonathan A. ; Ellis, Craig A. / Paramater estimation bias and volatility scaling in Black-Scholes option prices. In: International Review of Financial Analysis. 2005 ; Vol. 14, No. 2. pp. 165-176.
@article{ad49e51c033641df987ed09cbbddf415,
title = "Paramater estimation bias and volatility scaling in Black-Scholes option prices",
abstract = "When asset returns conform to a Gaussian distribution, the moments of the distribution over long return intervals may be estimated by scaling the moments of shorter return intervals. While it is well known that asset returns are not normally distributed, a key empirical question concerns the effect that scaling the volatility of dependent processes will have on the pricing of related financial assets. This study investigates the return properties of the most important currencies traded in spot markets against the U.S. dollar: the Japanese yen, the British pound, and the Swiss franc during the period November 1983 to April 2004. The novelty of this paper is that the volatility properties of the series are tested utilising statistical procedures developed from fractal geometry, with the economic impact determined within an option-pricing framework.",
keywords = "Foreign exchange, Long-term dependence, Scaling volatility",
author = "Batten, {Jonathan A.} and Ellis, {Craig A.}",
doi = "10.1016/j.irfa.2004.06.008",
journal = "International Review of Financial Analysis",
Batten, JA & Ellis, CA 2005, 'Paramater estimation bias and volatility scaling in Black-Scholes option prices', International Review of Financial Analysis, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2004.06.008
Paramater estimation bias and volatility scaling in Black-Scholes option prices. / Batten, Jonathan A.; Ellis, Craig A.
In: International Review of Financial Analysis, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2005, p. 165-176.
T1 - Paramater estimation bias and volatility scaling in Black-Scholes option prices
AU - Batten, Jonathan A.
AU - Ellis, Craig A.
N2 - When asset returns conform to a Gaussian distribution, the moments of the distribution over long return intervals may be estimated by scaling the moments of shorter return intervals. While it is well known that asset returns are not normally distributed, a key empirical question concerns the effect that scaling the volatility of dependent processes will have on the pricing of related financial assets. This study investigates the return properties of the most important currencies traded in spot markets against the U.S. dollar: the Japanese yen, the British pound, and the Swiss franc during the period November 1983 to April 2004. The novelty of this paper is that the volatility properties of the series are tested utilising statistical procedures developed from fractal geometry, with the economic impact determined within an option-pricing framework.
AB - When asset returns conform to a Gaussian distribution, the moments of the distribution over long return intervals may be estimated by scaling the moments of shorter return intervals. While it is well known that asset returns are not normally distributed, a key empirical question concerns the effect that scaling the volatility of dependent processes will have on the pricing of related financial assets. This study investigates the return properties of the most important currencies traded in spot markets against the U.S. dollar: the Japanese yen, the British pound, and the Swiss franc during the period November 1983 to April 2004. The novelty of this paper is that the volatility properties of the series are tested utilising statistical procedures developed from fractal geometry, with the economic impact determined within an option-pricing framework.
KW - Foreign exchange
KW - Long-term dependence
KW - Scaling volatility
U2 - 10.1016/j.irfa.2004.06.008
DO - 10.1016/j.irfa.2004.06.008
JO - International Review of Financial Analysis
JF - International Review of Financial Analysis
Batten JA, Ellis CA. Paramater estimation bias and volatility scaling in Black-Scholes option prices. International Review of Financial Analysis. 2005;14(2):165-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2004.06.008


text:
Lozoya's declaration demands from López Obrador more commitment against corruptionEmilio Lozoya, former CEO of Pemex, when he was arrested in Spain.Jon Nazca / Reuters The statement of the former CEO of Pemex Emilio Lozoya before a Mexican prosecutor is one of the few clear pieces of evidence that shows the systemic corruption that has plagued that country in recent years, especially during the government of Enrique Peña Nieto. The promise to fight and end that system brought ...
Emilio Lozoya, former CEO of Pemex, when he was arrested in Spain.Jon Nazca / Reuters
The statement of the former CEO of Pemex Emilio Lozoya before a Mexican prosecutor is one of the few clear pieces of evidence that shows the systemic corruption that has plagued that country in recent years, especially during the government of Enrique Peña Nieto. The promise to fight and end that system brought Andrés Manuel López Obrador to power, who now has before him the opportunity, but above all the duty, to comply with what has been said and not only use the case of Lozoya as a weapon against his rivals.
The former director of Pemex was arrested in Spain and accepted extradition after reaching an agreement to become a collaborating witness for the Mexican justice system. He has admitted receiving eight million dollars in bribes for Peña Nieto's presidential campaign and paying 8.6 million dollars to legislators to pass a package of reforms, including opening up the energy sector. Lozoya involves 17 politicians, including three former presidents — in addition to Peña Nieto, Felipe Calderón, and Carlos Salinas de Gortari — presidential candidates, ministers, and deputies. To all, who appear in the statement with names, surnames and all kinds of details, he accuses them of accepting large amounts of money.
López Obrador celebrates seeing all his political enemies involved in the same scandal. The appearance last week of a video of his brother receiving cash for his campaign has not changed his speech on the breakdown of the governments that preceded him. Despite everything, the Mexican president has said that he does not want to judge his predecessor or any other president. The president even flirts with the idea of submitting to a popular consultation the possibility of putting former presidents on the bench.
This case will show how far López Obrador wants to take the anti-corruption crusade, even more so when next year elections will be held to renew the Chamber of Deputies and 15 of the 32 states. Also, to what extent the Prosecutor's Office is independent of the legislative power, something so far chimerical in Mexico.
While all of Lozoya's accusations are being proven, the confessions of the former Pemex director underpin the López Obrador narrative. The president believes that it is enough to stigmatize the corrupt to prevent cases like these from recurring. A political use of Lozoya's declaration would wreck a uniquely valuable opportunity. Never before has a repentant stepped forward to put the Administration in which he participated in check. This would break the pact of silence that underpins Mexican politics. The country needs more than the truth. It is time for justice to do its job without interference from political power.
Source: elparis
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Reports said Andrei Karlov was attending the opening of an exhibit at a contemporary arts centre when he was attacked. The Russian Ambassador was several minutes into a speech at the exhibit when a man shouted "Allahu Akbar" and fired at least eight shots, according to an AP photographer who was present.
Turkish officials said the assassin entered the building claiming he was a police officer. Other bystanders alleged he shouted "Aleppo" when he shot Karlov, but the claims could not be immediately confirmed.
The attacker was said to have first shot Karlov in the back, before ordering people to leave the room. He then reportedly shot a second time as he lay on the floor. Turkish special forces have surrounded the gallery, believing the attacker to still be inside.
The Russian foreign ministry said it was in contact with Ankara over the events, RIA Novosti reported. President Vladimir Putin called an urgent meeting with foreign minister Sergei Lavrov and the heads of the security services.
The Russian ambassador had been part of discussions between Turkey that led to an evacuation of east Aleppo getting underway late last week. He had also been a central conduit to the Turkish government's rapproachment with Moscow in April.
The incident comes a day before the Turkish foreign minister, Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu, is due in Moscow for talks with Russian and Iranian counterparts.
Turkish police secure the area near the art gallery.
Russia and Turkey have recently gone some way to mending ties, following a long freeze in relations after Turkey shot down a Russian fighter plane in November 2015.
Karlov is a career diplomat who had previously served as ambassador to North Korea.


Chaganti Koteswara Rao (Telugu:చాగంటి కోటేశ్వరరావు)is an eminent speaker on matters related to Sanathana Darma. He was born to (late)Sri Chaganti Sundara Siva Rao and (late)Srimati Suseelamma. He married Srimati Subramanyeswary with whom he has two children. Presently he is an employee of the Food Corporation of India, Kakinada although his eminence derives from the work he does outside of his job – giving spiritual discourses.
Sri Chaganti Koteswara Rao is a silent reader of puranas and blessed with wonderful oratory skills. He started giving pravachan on puranas extempore and proven his spectacular command on Spiritual Discourses on various Purnanas, epics like Srimad Ramayanam, Srimad Bhagavatham and devotional hymns like Soundarya Lahari and Lalitha Sahasranama strotram.He has delivered discourses for 42 days continuously at Guntur on Sampoorna Ramayanam during 2005, Srimad Bhagavatham for 42 days during 2006, Shiva Maha Puranam for 30 days during 2007 and Sree Lalitha Sahasranama Stothram for about 45 days during 2008 . In addition he gave numerous pravachanams on various topics throughout the country.
He gives his discourses in Telugu language. He mesmerizes the audience with well refined reciting and thought provoking citations from various puranas extempore.
He has achieved what perhaps no other Telugu scholar managed to do. He has, by the quality of his pravachanams, command over Telugu language and all the classic texts, single handedly revived interest in Telugu classics and literature among the current generation. It is no exaggeration to say that in this age of english language assault on the world, BrahmaSri Chaganti Koteswara Rao stands tall holding out the greatness of our culture, our history and our language to the present generation.
We are blessed by God to have born in this generation so as to hear his vedic discourses. What a command over Telugu to deliver speeches fluently and it is a treat to watch/hear his discourses on any God/Goddesses!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! May God bless him with long long life with health/wealth and peace so that coming generations will also be able to hear his pravachanams.
extralodu. cheppede pedda sodi daniki thodu nedoka dabba sodi.
LOKAMULO ANTA ALLA KALLOLAMU GA TAYARAVUTUNNA SAMAYAMULO AA PRAMESWARUDU MANKU KOSAMU PAMPINA OKA VILAKSHANAMYNA.PARIPOORNA JGANANIDHI AENA BRHAMMASREE CHAGANTI KOTESWARARAO GARIKI NA SASTANGAPRANAMAMULU.NAAKU AAYANA PRAVACHANAMULO CHEPPINATTU ANTYA SAMAYAMULO NENU KORUKUNERDI SRI GURUVUGARILA JANMINCHI AAYANAKANNA ENKA AKKUVUGA SADANA CHESI AAPRAMESWRUNILO KYLYAMU SIDDINCHALANI KORUKUNTANU.ANDUKU SRI GURUVU GARI PRERANA,MATRAMEY.ANDUKUKU VARI HRIDAYAPURVAKA AASEESSULU NAAKU ESTAARANI AASISTUNNAU.ETLU VASISTA,MYTRAVRUNSA,KYNDINYA GOTRASAYA GUDIPUDI SREENIVASAERNANAHA.GUDUIPUDISREENIVASARAO.AUDITOR.VISAKHAPATNAM.
Prathi yugam lonu kondaru "kaarana janmulu" manalanti saadharana janulani udharinchadaaniki udbhavistu untaaru. Atuvanti vaarilo Brahmasri Chaganti Koteswara Rao garu nissandehamuga okaru. Ayana laanti okkaru unna mana Bharathadesa charithra, goppathanam, mana samskruti, samskaram ee prapamchamlo disadisala inumadisthundi anatamlo yemathram athisayoktiledu. Aa mahanubhavudi dayavalla yentha mandi bhagavanthuniki daggara avuthunnaro varninchalemu. Mukhyanga ee tharam vaaru eeyana pravachanaalu vinatam yentho avasaram. Aa Bhagavanthudu eeyanaki aayurarogyalu mendugaa prasaadinchaalani, ilaage padi kaalala patu manalni thama pravachanaalatho ranjimpajesi, dhanyulanu chesi, mukti prasaadinchaalani manasa, vaacha, karmena korukuntunnanu – Itlu Aayana daasudu Allamraju Venkata Satya Subrahmanyeswarudu, Bengaluru.
1000% correct aa mahanu bavudiki padabhivandanam………….
PALUKUTENELATALLI , NADICHE SARASWATHI, VARI GURINCHICHI ENNICHEPPINA TAKKUVE. NITYAM VARI SPEECH VINANI ROJU UNDADU. MAHANUBHAVUNIKI PADABHIVANDANAMULU. MA SWAMI CHEPPINATLUGA ' ENDARO MAHANUBHAVULU ANDARIKI VANDANAMULU.
guruvugariki padhabhivandanalu.vari valana enno telusuunam.
oka mahatmuni vaakku konni vela mandi manushulanu samskaristundi anadaniki niluvetthu nidharsanam pujyulina BRAHMA SRI CHAGANTI KOTESWARA RAO garu.etuvanti phalapeksha lekunda gnananni bhavi tharalaku panchadam ayana goppadanam.
Its divine gift of life to be in the era of pujya guruji. we thank god for his bestow on us to be in this world on this special period of time.
We are really fortunate to have such homely Guruji who is so practical and so authentic in his speech. There is no reason why we should not follow him and improve our lives…God Bless him with long and healthy life so that many many more can benefit from his speeches and discourses.
I am a great fan and admirer of guruvu garu. His specific discourse on the importance to control "anger" helped me a lot. My sincere and wholehearted thanks for a great his discourses. He is an ocean of knowledge and may god give him full strength to continue his spiritual work.
I am from Bangalore – 4 years back mee hanumad vaibhavam vini hanumanthunni poojinchanu, naaku chala kashtalu unnindi, naa kashtalanni pariharamai nenu ippudu chala happy ga unnanu, daniki karanamu swamiji chaganti garu, appudinichi naa friends, naa family andaru mee pravachanam vini chala anandam podamu, oka channael mis cheyamu, guru garu nijanga devatha swaroopame, prapanchamlo janalani oka bhakthi margamlo nadipinchi valla karmalaku pariharamu choopinchadaniki janminchina dhaiva swaroopame chaganti guru garu. Gurugariki Aa devudu arogyam, ayushyu icchi malanti vallaku bhati margam choopinchalani aa devunni korukuntanu.
He is incarnations of vyasamahamuni. His is versatile, he is powerful orator can attract all sectors of people. I cannot leave him without saying his speach is immortal as long as Sun and moon remain for ever.
This is great opportunity to hear chaganti pravachanas..He is an ocean of knowledge and may god give him full strength to continue his spiritual work. He has, by the quality of his pravachanams, command over Telugu language and all the classic texts.
Gurugaru undoubtedly an avatara of Adi Shankaracharya. In this hectic schedule, no one has to go to any Veda pathashaala. Just need to hear his speeches to know about the Dharma. OM SREE GURUBHYONAMAHA!