text:
Byzantine dress changed considerably over the thousand years of the Empire, but was essentially conservative. Popularly, Byzantine dress remained attached to its classical Greek roots with most changes and different styles being evidenced in the upper strata of Byzantine society always with a touch of the Hellenic environment. The Byzantines liked colour and pattern, and made and exported very richly patterned cloth, especially Byzantine silk, woven and embroidered for the upper classes, and resist-dyed and printed for the lower. A different border or trimming round the edges was very common, and many single stripes down the body or around the upper arm are seen, often denoting class or rank. Taste for the middle and upper classes followed the latest fashions at the Imperial Court.

As in the West during the Middle Ages, clothing was very expensive for the poor, who probably wore the same well-worn clothes nearly all the time; this meant in particular that any costume owned by most women needed to fit throughout the full length of a pregnancy. Even for the better-off, clothing was "used until death and then reused", and the cut was generous to allow for this.

On the body

In the early stages of the Byzantine Empire the traditional Roman toga was still used as very formal or official dress.  By Justinian's time this had been replaced by the tunica, or long chiton, for both sexes, over which the upper classes wore other garments, like a dalmatica (dalmatic), a heavier and shorter type of tunica, again worn by both sexes, but mainly by men. The hems often curve down to a sharp point. The scaramangion was a riding-coat of Persian origin, opening down the front and normally coming to the mid-thigh, although these are recorded as being worn by Emperors, when they seem to become much longer. In general, except for military and presumably riding-dress, men of higher status, and all women, had clothes that came down to the ankles, or nearly so. Women often wore a top layer of the stola, for the rich in brocade. All of these, except the stola, might be belted or not. The terms for dress are often confusing, and certain identification of the name a particular pictured item had, or the design that relates to a particular documentary reference, is rare, especially outside the Court.

The chlamys, a semicircular cloak fastened to the right shoulder continued throughout the period. The length fell sometimes only to the hips or as far as the ankles, much longer than the version commonly worn in Ancient Greece; the longer version is also called a paludamentum. As well as his courtiers, Emperor Justinian wears one, with a huge brooch, in the Ravenna mosaics. On each straight edge men of the senatorial class had a tablion, a lozenge shaped coloured panel across the chest or midriff (at the front), which was also used to show the further rank of the wearer by the colour or type of embroidery and jewels used (compare those of Justinian and his courtiers). Theodosius I and his co-emperors were shown in 388 with theirs at knee level in the Missorium of Theodosius I of 387, but over the next decades the tablion can be seen to move higher on the Chlamys, for example in ivories of 413-414. A paragauda or border of thick cloth, usually including gold, was also an indicator of rank. Sometimes an oblong cloak would be worn, especially by the military and ordinary people; it was not for court occasions. Cloaks were pinned on the right shoulder for ease of movement, and access to a sword.

Leggings and hose were often worn, but are not prominent in depictions of the wealthy; they were associated with barbarians, whether European or Persian.  Even basic clothes appear to have been surprisingly expensive for the poor. Some manual workers, probably slaves, are shown continuing to wear, at least in summer, the basic Roman slip costume which was effectively two rectangles sewn together at the shoulders and below the arm. Others, when engaged in activity, are shown with the sides of their tunic tied up to the waist for ease of movement.

Iconographic dress

The most common images surviving from the Byzantine period are not relevant as references for actual dress worn in the period. Christ (often even as a baby), the Apostles, Saint Joseph, Saint John the Baptist and some others are nearly always shown wearing formulaic "pseudo-Biblical dress", consisting of a large himation, a large rectangular mantle wrapped round the body (almost a toga), over a chiton, or loose sleeved tunic, reaching to the ankles. Sandals are worn on the feet. This costume is not commonly seen in secular contexts, although possibly this is deliberate, to avoid confusing secular with divine subjects. The Theotokos (Virgin Mary) is shown wearing a maphorion, a more shaped mantle with a hood and sometimes a hole at the neck. This probably is close to actual typical dress for widows, and for married women when in public. The Virgin's underdress may be visible, especially at the sleeves. There are also conventions for Old Testament prophets and other Biblical figures. Apart from Christ and the Virgin, much iconographic dress is white or relatively muted in colour especially when on walls (murals and mosaics) and in manuscripts, but more brightly coloured in icons.  Many other figures in Biblical scenes, especially if unnamed, are usually depicted wearing "contemporary" Byzantine clothing.

Female dress

Modesty was important for all, and most women appear almost entirely covered by rather shapeless clothes, which needed to be able to accommodate a full pregnancy. The basic garment in the early Empire comes down to the ankles, with a high round collar and tight sleeves to the wrist.  The fringes and cuffs might be decorated with embroidery, with a band around the upper arm as well.  In the 10th and 11th century a dress with flared sleeves, eventually very full indeed at the wrist, becomes increasingly popular, before disappearing; working women are shown with the sleeves tied up.  In court ladies this may come with a V-collar. Belts were normally worn, possibly with belt-hooks to support the skirt; they may have been cloth more often than leather, and some tasselled sashes are seen.  Neck openings were probably often buttoned, which is hard to see in art, and not described in texts, but must have been needed if only for breast-feeding.  Straight down, across, or diagonally are the possible options. The plain linen undergarment was, until the 10th century, not designed to be visible. However at this point a standing collar starts to show above the main dress.

Hair is covered by a variety of head-cloths and veils, presumably often removed inside the home.  Sometimes caps were worn under the veil, and sometimes the cloth is tied in turban style. This may have been done while working - for example the midwives in scenes of the Nativity of Jesus in art usually adopt this style. Earlier ones were wrapped in a figure-of-eight fashion, but by the 11th century circular wrapping, possibly sewn into a fixed position, was adopted.  In the 11th and 12th centuries head-cloths or veils began to be longer.

With footwear, scholars are more certain, as there are considerable numbers of examples recovered by archaeology from the drier parts of the Empire. A great variety of footwear is found, with sandals, slippers and boots to the mid-calf all common in manuscript illustrations and excavated finds, where many are decorated in various ways. The colour red, reserved for Imperial use in male footwear, is actually by far the most common colour for women's shoes.  Purses are rarely visible, and seem to have been made of textile matching the dress, or perhaps tucked into the sash.

Dancers are shown with special dress including short sleeves or sleeveless dresses, which may or may not have a lighter sleeve from an undergarment below.  They have tight wide belts, and their skirts have a flared and differently coloured element, probably designed to rise up as they spin in dances. A remark of Anna Komnene about her mother suggests that not showing the arm above the wrist was a special focus of Byzantine modesty.

Although it is sometimes claimed that the face-veil was invented by the Byzantines, Byzantine art does not depict women with veiled faces, although it commonly depicts women with veiled hair.   It is assumed that Byzantine women outside court circles went well wrapped up in public, and were relatively restricted in their movements outside the house; they are rarely depicted in art.  The literary sources are not sufficiently clear to distinguish between a head-veil and a face-veil.  Strabo, writing in the 1st century, alludes to some Persian women veiling their faces (Geography, 11. 9-10). In addition, the early 3rd-century  Christian writer Tertullian, in his treatise The Veiling of Virgins, Ch. 17, describes pagan Arab women as veiling the entire face except the eyes, in the manner of a niqab. This shows that some Middle Eastern women veiled their faces long before Islam.

Colour

As in Graeco-Roman times, purple was reserved for the royal family; other colours in various contexts conveyed information as to class and clerical or government rank. Lower-class people wore simple tunics but still had the preference for bright colours found in all Byzantine fashions.

The races in the Hippodrome used four teams: red, white, blue and green; and the supporters of these became political factions, taking sides on the great theological issues—which were also political questions—of Arianism, Nestorianism and Monophysitism, and therefore on the Imperial claimants who also took sides.  Huge riots took place, in the 4th to 6th centuries and mostly in Constantinople, with deaths running into the thousands, between these factions, who naturally dressed in their appropriate colours.  In medieval France, there were similar colours-wearing political factions, called chaperons.

Example

A 14th-century mosaic (right) from the Kahriye-Cami or Chora Church in Istanbul gives an excellent view of a range of costume from the late period. From the left, there is a soldier on guard, the governor in one of the large hats worn by important officials, a middle-ranking civil servant (holding the register roll) in a dalmatic with a wide border, probably embroidered, over a long tunic, which also has a border. Then comes a higher-ranking soldier, carrying a sword on an untied belt or baldric. The Virgin and St Joseph are in their normal iconographic dress, and behind St Joseph a queue of respectable citizens wait their turn to register. Male hem lengths drop as the status of the person increases. All the exposed legs have hose, and the soldiers and citizens have foot-wrappings above, presumably with sandals. The citizens wear dalmatics with a wide border around the neck and hem, but not as rich as that of the middle-level official. The other men would perhaps wear hats if not in the presence of the governor. A donor figure in the same church, the Grand Logothete Theodore Metochites, who ran the legal system and finances of the Empire, wears an even larger hat, which he keeps on whilst kneeling before Christ (see Gallery).

Hats

Many men went bareheaded and, apart from the Emperor, they were normally so in votive depictions, which may distort the record we have. In the late Byzantine period a number of extravagantly large hats were worn as uniform by officials. In the 12th century, Emperor Andronikos Komnenos wore a hat shaped like a pyramid, but eccentric dress is one of many things he was criticised for. This was perhaps related to the very elegant hat with a very high-domed peak, and a sharply turned-up brim coming far forward in an acute triangle to a sharp point (left), that was drawn by Italian artists when the Emperor John VIII Palaiologos went to Florence and the Council of Ferrara in 1438 in the last days of the Empire. Versions of this and other clothes, including many spectacular hats, worn by the visitors were carefully drawn by Pisanello and other artists. They passed through copies across Europe for use in Eastern subjects, especially for depictions of the three kings or Magi in Nativity scenes. In 1159 the visiting Crusader Prince Raynald of Châtillon wore a tiara shaped felt cap, embellished in gold. An Iberian wide brimmed felt hat came into vogue during the 12th century. Especially in the Balkans, small caps with or without fur brims were worn, of the sort later adopted by the Russian Tsars.

Shoes

Not many shoes are seen clearly in Byzantine Art because of the long robes of the rich. Red shoes marked the Emperor; blue shoes, a sebastokrator; and green shoes a protovestiarios.

The Ravenna mosaics show the men wearing what may be sandals with white socks, and soldiers wear sandals tied around the calf or strips of cloth wrapped round the leg to the calf. These probably went all the way to the toes (similar foot-wrappers are still worn by Russian other ranks).

Some soldiers, including later Imperial portraits in military dress, show boots nearly reaching the knee - red for the Emperor. In the Imperial Regalia of the Holy Roman Emperors there are shoes or slippers in Byzantine style made in Palermo before 1220. They are short, only to the ankle, and generously cut to allow many different sizes to be accommodated. They are lavishly decorated with pearls and jewels and gold scrollwork on the sides and over the toe of the shoe. More practical footwear was no doubt worn on less formal occasions.

Outside labourers would either have sandals or be barefoot. The sandals follow the Roman model of straps over a thick sole. Some examples of the Roman  caligae or military boot are also seen on shepherds.

Military costume
This stayed close to the Greco-Roman pattern, especially for officers (see Gallery section for example). A breastplate of armour, under which the bottom of a short tunic appeared as a skirt, often overlaid with a fringe of leather straps, the pteruges. Similar strips covered the upper arms, below round armour shoulder-pieces. Boots came to the calf, or sandals were strapped high on the legs. A rather flimsy-looking cloth belt is tied high under the ribs as a badge of rank rather than a practical item.

Dress and equipment changed considerably across the period to have the most efficient and effective accoutrements current economics would allow.  Other ranks' clothing was largely identical to that of common working men.  The manuals recommend tunics and coats no longer than the knee.
As an army marches first of all on its feet, the manual writers were more concerned that troops should have good footwear than anything else.  This ranged from low lace up shoes to thigh boots, all to be fitted with "a few (hob) nails".  A head-cloth ("phakiolion" or "maphorion") which ranged from a simple cloth coming from below the helmet (as still worn by Orthodox clergy) to something more like a turban, was standard military headgear in the Middle and Late Empire for both common troops and for ceremonial wear by some ranks; they were also worn by women.

Imperial costume

The distinctive garments of the Emperors (often there were two at a time) and Empresses were the crown and the heavily jewelled Imperial loros or pallium, that developed from the trabea triumphalis, a ceremonial coloured version of the Roman toga worn by Consuls (during the reign of Justinian I Consulship became part of the imperial status), and worn by the Emperor and Empress as a quasi-ecclesiastical garment. It was also worn by the twelve most important officials and the imperial bodyguard, and hence by Archangels in icons, who were seen as divine bodyguards, its main purpose was ideological, representing the different Hellenistic political values such as the deification of the monarch and his role as the sole legislator and administrator of the commonwealth. In practice it was only normally worn a few times a year, such as on Easter Sunday, but it was very commonly used for depictions in art.

The men's version of the loros was a long strip, dropping down straight in front to below the waist, and with the portion behind pulled round to the front and hung gracefully over the left arm. The female loros was similar at the front end, but the back end was wider and tucked under a belt after pulling through to the front again. Both male and female versions changed style and diverged in the middle Byzantine period, the female later reverting to the new male style. Apart from jewels and embroidery, small enamelled plaques were sewn into the clothes; the dress of Manuel I Comnenus was described as being like a meadow covered with flowers. Generally sleeves were closely fitted to the arm and the outer dress comes to the ankles (although often called a scaramangion), and is also rather closely fitted. The sleeves of empresses became extremely wide in the later period.

The royal daily robe was a simpler and more idealized regalia of the various Hellenistic kings, depicted in various frescoes and miniatures, which featured the emperor in a simple "chiton" robe, a "chlamys" of various sizes, a royal diadem and the imperial boots Tzangion of which elaborated examples are evidenced in imperial works such as the Paris psalter or the David plates, idealizing the concept of philanthropy and beneficence as the main roles of the perfect Hellenistic and Byzantine monarch.

The superhumeral, worn throughout the history of Byzantium, was the imperial decorative collar, often forming part of the loros. It was copied by at least women of the upper class. It was of cloth of gold or similar material, then studded with gems and heavily embroidered. The decoration was generally divided into compartments by vertical lines on the collar. The edges would be done in pearls of varying sizes in up to three rows. There were occasionally drop pearls placed at intervals to add to the richness. The collar came over the collarbone to cover a portion of the upper chest.

The Imperial Regalia of the Holy Roman Emperors, kept in the Schatzkammer (Vienna), contains a full set of outer garments made in the 12th century in essentially Byzantine style at the Byzantine-founded workshops in Palermo. These are among the best surviving Byzantine garments and give a good idea of the lavishness of Imperial ceremonial clothing. There is a cloak (worn by the Emperors with the gap at the front), "alb", dalmatic, stockings, slippers and gloves. The loros is Italian and later. Each element of the design on the cloak (see Textiles below) is outlined in pearls and embroidered in gold.

Especially in the early and later periods (approximately before 600 and after 1,000) Emperors may be shown in military dress, with gold breastplates, red boots, and a crown. Crowns had pendilia and became closed on top during the 12th century.

Court dress
Court life "passed in a sort of ballet", with precise ceremonies prescribed for every occasion, to show that "Imperial power could be exercised in harmony and order", and "the Empire could thus reflect the motion of the Universe as it was made by the Creator", according to the Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus, who wrote a Book of Ceremonies describing in enormous detail the annual round of the Court. Special forms of dress for many classes of people on particular occasions are set down; at the name-day dinner for the Emperor or Empress various groups of high officials performed ceremonial "dances", one group wearing "a blue and white garment, with short sleeves, and gold bands, and rings on their ankles. In their hands they hold what are called phengia". The second group do just the same, but wearing "a garment of green and red, split, with gold bands". These colours were the marks of the old chariot racing factions, the four now merged to just the Blues and the Greens, and incorporated into the official hierarchy. At this period a court official could be required to wear five different outfits over a single festival day, his costumes being provided as part of his pay package.

Various tactica, treatises on administrative structure, court protocol and precedence, give details of the costumes worn by different office-holders.  According to pseudo-Kodinos, the distinctive colour of the Sebastokrator was blue; his ceremonial costume included blue shoes embroidered with eagles on a red field, a red tunic (chlamys), and a diadem (stephanos) in red and gold. As in the Versailles of Louis XIV, elaborate dress and court ritual probably were at least partly an attempt to smother and distract from political tensions.

However this ceremonial way of life came under stress as the military crisis deepened, and  never revived after the interlude of the Western Emperors following the capture of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade in 1204; in the late period a French visitor was shocked to see the Empress riding in the street with fewer attendants and less ceremony than a Queen of France would have had.

Clerical dress

This is certainly the area in which Byzantine and classic clothing is nearest to living on, as many forms of habit and vestments still in use (especially in the Eastern, but also in the Western churches) are closely related to their predecessors. Over the period clerical dress went from being merely normal lay dress to a specialized set of garments for different purposes. The bishop in the Ravenna mosaic wears a chasuble very close to what is regarded as the "modern" Western form of the 20th century, the garment having got much larger, and then contracted, in the meantime. Over his shoulder he wears a simple bishop's omophorion, resembling the clerical pallium of the Latin Church, and a symbol of his position. This later became much larger, and produced various types of similar garments, such as the epitrachelion and orarion, for other ranks of clergy. Modern Orthodox clerical hats are also survivals from the much larger and brightly coloured official headgear of the Byzantine civil service.

Hair
Men's hair was generally short and neat until the late Empire, and often is shown elegantly curled, probably artificially (picture at top). The 9th century Khludov Psalter has Iconophile illuminations which vilify the last Iconoclast Patriarch, John the Grammarian, caricaturing him with untidy hair sticking straight out in all directions. Monk's hair was long, and most clergy had beards, as did many lay men, especially later. Upper-class women mostly wore their hair up, again very often curled and elaborately shaped.  If we are to judge by religious art, and the few depictions of other women outside the court, women probably kept their hair covered in public, especially when married.

Textiles

As in China, there were large Byzantine Imperial workshops, apparently always based in Constantinople, for textiles as for other arts like mosaic. Although there were other important centres, the Imperial workshops led fashion and technical developments and their products were frequently used as diplomatic gifts to other rulers, as well as being distributed to favoured Byzantines. In the late 10th century, the Emperor sent gold and fabrics to a Russian ruler in the hope that this would prevent him attacking the Empire.

Most surviving examples were not used for clothes and feature very large woven or embroidered designs. Before the Byzantine Iconoclasm these often contained religious scenes such as Annunciations, often in a number of panels over a large piece of cloth. This naturally stopped during the periods of Iconoclasm and with the exception of church vestments  for the most part figural scenes did not reappear afterwards, being replaced by patterns and animal designs. Some examples show very large designs being used for clothing by the great - two enormous embroidered lions killing camels occupy the whole of the Coronation cloak of Roger II in Vienna, produced in Palermo about 1134 in the workshops the Byzantines had established there.   A sermon by Saint Asterius of Amasia, from the end of the 5th century, gives details of imagery on the clothes of the rich (which he strongly condemns):When, therefore, they dress themselves and appear in public, they look like pictured walls in the eyes of those that meet them. And perhaps even the children surround them, smiling to one another and pointing out with the finger the picture on the garment; and walk along after them, following them for a long time. On these garments are lions and leopards; bears and bulls and dogs; woods and rocks and hunters; and all attempts to imitate nature by painting.... But such rich men and women as are more pious, have gathered up the gospel history and turned it over to the weavers.... You may see the wedding of Galilee, and the water-pots; the paralytic carrying his bed on his shoulders; the blind man being healed with the clay; the woman with the bloody issue, taking hold of the border of the garment; the sinful woman falling at the feet of Jesus; Lazarus returning to life from the grave....

Both Christian and pagan examples, mostly embroidered panels sewn into plainer cloth, have been preserved in the exceptional conditions of graves in Egypt, although mostly iconic portrait-style images rather than the narrative scenes Asterius describes in his diocese of Amasya in northern Anatolia. The portrait of the Caesar Constantius Gallus in the Chronography of 354 shows several figurative panels on his clothes, mostly round or oval (see gallery).

Early decorated cloth is mostly embroidered in wool on a linen base, and linen is generally more common than cotton throughout the period. Raw Silk yarn was initially imported from China, and the timing and place of the first weaving of it in the Near Eastern world is a matter of controversy, with Egypt, Persia, Syria and Constantinople all being proposed, for dates in the 4th and 5th centuries. Certainly Byzantine textile decoration shows great Persian influence, and very little direct from China. According to legend agents of Justinian I bribed two Buddhist monks from Khotan in about 552 to discover the secret of cultivating silk, although much continued to be imported from China.

Resist dyeing was common from the late Roman period for those outside the Court, and woodblock printing dates to at least the 6th century, and possibly earlier - again this would function as a cheaper alternative to the woven and embroidered materials of the rich. Apart from Egyptian burial-cloths, rather fewer cheap fabrics have survived than expensive ones. It should also be remembered that depicting a patterned fabric in paint or mosaic is a very difficult task, often impossible in a small miniature, so the artistic record, which often shows patterned fabrics in large-scale figures in the best quality works, probably under-records the use of patterned cloth overall.

Gallery

See also
 Clothing in ancient Greece
 Greek dress
 Ottoman clothing
 Sasanian dress

Notes

References

Ball, Jennifer L., Byzantine Dress: Representations of Secular Dress in Eight- to Twelfth-Century Painting, 2006, Macmillan,
 Robin Cormack, "Writing in Gold, Byzantine Society and its Icons", 1985, George Philip, London,

 Kilerich, Bente, "Representing an Emperor:  Style and Meaning on the Missorium of Theodosius I", in Almagro-Gorbea, Álvarez Martínez, Blázquez Martínez y Rovira (eds.), El Disco de Teodosio, 2000, Real Academia de la Historia, Madrid,

 Steven Runciman, Byzantine Style and Civilization, 1975, Penguin
 David Talbot-Rice, Byzantine Art, 3rd edn 1968, Penguin Books Ltd
 L Syson & Dillian Gordon, "Pisanello, Painter to the Renaissance Court",2001, National Gallery Company, London,

Further reading

Costello, Angela L., "Material Wealth and Immaterial Grief: The Last Will and Testament of Kale Pakouriane.", 2016. Academia.edu

External links

 A newer look at Byzantine Clothing.
 Photos of major pieces of extant medieval clothing, some Byzantine (including some of the Imperial Regalia) by Cynthia du Pré Argent
 Exhibition online feature from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY Byzantium, Faith and Power, 1261-1453 - Gallery V in particular; Byzantium: faith and power (1261-1557), an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF)
 Byzantine fashion
 Some plates from a German 19th-century history of costume
 A blog on Byzantine clothing for historical reenactors.

Greek clothing
Material culture of royal courts

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: jQuery JSON to multi dimensional array So I have a jQuery .getJson which is as so:
var tournamentdata = [];

$.getJSON( "http://tourn.dev/data/tournaments", function( data ) {

  $.each(data, function(i) {

     var tempdata = [];

     $.each(this, function(k, v) {
        tempdata.push(v);
     });

     tournamentdata.push(tempdata);

  });

});

console.log(tournamentdata);

The JSON request returns:
[
    {
        "id":1,
        "name":"one",
        "max_users":100,
        "registered_users":0,
        "prize_pool":1000,
        "entry_fee":10,
        "published":0,
        "registration_open_date":"0000-00-00 00:00:00",
        "registration_close_date":"0000-00-00 00:00:00"
        ,"start_date":"0000-00-00 00:00:00",
        "created_at":"2015-04-28 20:35:23",
        "updated_at":"2015-04-28 20:35:23"
    },
    {
        "id":2,
        "name":"Two",
        "max_users":1000,
        "registered_users":0,
        "prize_pool":10000,
        "entry_fee":100,"published":0,
        "registration_open_date":"0000-00-00 00:00:00",
        "registration_close_date":"0000-00-00 00:00:00",
        "start_date":"0000-00-00 00:00:00",
        "created_at":"2015-04-28 20:37:16",
        "updated_at":"2015-04-28 20:37:16"
    }
]

Now, when I check my console log in firefox the tournamentdata is an array of two arrays 'Array [ Array[12], Array[12] ]'.
However, when I try access the multi-array through something like:
alert(tournamentdata[0][0]);

it returns undefined.

A: WHat you are seeing in the console is the live reference of the array and it looks right....but it is not a snapshot , it will get changed as array gets changed
However try stringifying it in the code in question and all you will see is the empty array. Why? Because the ajax hasn't completed at the time you are trying to access the data.
The live reference looks right because the console isn't showing exaclty what array looked like at the time it was logged, it will show all subsequent changes also ...due to prototypical inheritance
You can see it in this demo code:
var tournamentdata = [];

$.getJSON("data.json", function(data) {

  $.each(data, function(i) {
    var tempdata = [];
    $.each(this, function(k, v) {
      tempdata.push(v);
    });
    console.log('Push data now'); //fires after the one below
    tournamentdata.push(tempdata);

  });

});
//this log is empty array and fires before the above logs
console.log('Log outside getJSON', JSON.stringify(tournamentdata));

Conclusion: If you want to access the arrays and parse to DOM it has to be done in the $.getJSON callback...the first A in ajax stands for asynchronous
For a really good explanation and must read for anyone working with ajax see: How to return the response from an asynchronous call? .
DEMO

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text:
Richard David Harpin (born 1964) is the founder and CEO of Homeserve, an international home repairs and improvements business.

Early life
Harpin was born in Huddersfield and educated at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle, before going on to the University of York.

Career
Harpin joined Procter & Gamble in 1986 to pursue a marketing career. He worked at Procter & Gamble until 1990 before joining Deloitte as a management consultant.

HomeServe
In 1993 Harpin and Jeremy Middleton established HomeServe as a joint venture with South Staffordshire Water and built it into one of the United Kingdom's largest home emergency businesses. It has since expanded into France in a joint venture with Veolia, the USA and Spain.

In February 2014, HomeServe was fined a record £30.6 million for mis-selling insurance policies and mishandling customer complaints.

In 2017, HomeServe acquired 100% of Checkatrade and in 2019, acquired the Spanish business Habitissimo.

Harpin holds a 7.2% stake in HomeServe, with his wife owning 4.7% shareholding. Their combined stake is worth £440 million.

Investments
Harpin founded The Enterprise Trust to inspire young people to consider entrepreneurship as a career by creating skills-based apprenticeships and injecting £1 million each year into youth enterprise support.

In 2015 he also founded an investment fund, Growth Partner, that has invested in Crafter's Companion, run by Sara Davies MBE, Iguana Developments and Keelham Farm Shop.

He is a member of the Apprenticeship Ambassadors Network.

In 2013, Harpin and his wife bought their village pub, The Alice Hawthorn Inn in Nun Monkton, to prevent its closure. It won Yorkshire Life magazine's Dining Pub of the Year award in 2017. They also helped revive the Nun Monkton Ferryboat across the River Ouse in 2017 which had been closed since 1952.

Political activity
Harpin is a Conservative Party donor.

Personal life
He is married to Kate and together they have one daughter and two sons. He lives near York and uses a helicopter to commute to work in Walsall.

In 2021, the Sunday Times Rich List estimated his net worth at £627 million.

References

1964 births
English businesspeople
Living people
Alumni of the University of York
Conservative Party (UK) donors


text:
import { moduleForModel, test } from 'ember-qunit';

moduleForModel('ted-session', 'Unit | Model | ted session', {
  // Specify the other units that are required for this test.
  needs: []
});

test('it exists', function(assert) {
  let model = this.subject();
  // let store = this.store();
  assert.ok(!!model);
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Revenge of the Second City Dec 06 2006
Now, the Real Election
By Richard F. Carnahan
Sports in Five
Home of the 2006 NFC North Division Champions + A Savvy Turn-around + Look Out Above
Three Questions for:
Joseph Cashiola, Three Birds Pictures
With the filing deadline for aldermanic candidates fast approaching, we are reminded that Chicagoans have the delight of a municipal election to look forward to in that depressing, holiday-less part of the year in January, February and March. These municipals, which will take place in February, will be the most important since 1991; but the outcome is more or less a foregone conclusion.
With the highly convenient excuse of a new Democratic majority that bestows on them relevance (Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr. even compared his new position to when North Side congressman Dan Rostenkowski was chairman of Ways & Means; Jackson sits on Appropriations) Mayor Daley's two most potent potential challengers, Luis Gutierrez and Jackson Jr., both jointly announced they would not be running against Daley. Jackson, eyeing 2011, made clear that he was confident that if he had run he would have won. And, with that eye on 2011, he will look to recruit candidates for alderman and try to lure independent aldermen into a bloc under his political organization's banner.
The movement to bring real democracy to the Chicago City Council will begin with this election — those groups that had talked tough about taking on the Council and the mayor have come to see that perhaps a more measured approach is appropriate; whatever ground they gain this time around can be used to create a new power center in the city government. That power center could then move the policy and message that a slate of reform candidates could use in 2011 to take the Council as well as the Fifth Floor. Undoubtedly, newly elected aldermen not loyal to the Mayor will look to force votes that could compromise the reelection of some of the more endangered Democratic Regulars on the Council.
This week, let's begin the process of looking at the ward races that will likely be competitive.
Starting in the 50th Ward — West Rogers Park — Berny Stone faces a number of challengers for the seat he's held longer than almost anyone else in Chicago's history. That's more impressive when you start to think about the caliber (and style) of incumbents in Chicago.
The 50th Ward is peculiar because although it is considered a "white-majority" ward, it is hardly that. The 50th Ward has high concentrations of "ethnic" Jews, South Americans, Southeast Asians, Assyrians and Arabs. Stone is himself Jewish, one of three Jewish members of the Council. Despite his freakishly long tenure in the Council, Stone has a limited Get-Out-the-Vote operation and his age itself will likely be a factor if he has to campaign vigorously against his opponents. If he is forced into a run-off in April, his age will become a real factor.
Of his opponents — Salman Aftab, Naisy Dolar and Greg Brewer — Dolar has been getting the most buzz, although Brewer also has deep roots in the community and his key issue — over-development — is one that is near and dear to the hearts of most West Rogers residents. Salman Aftab has come after Stone the hardest thus far, calling him a "warlord."
That's a little hard to swallow if you've ever seen Stone doze during a Zoning Committee hearing.
Dolar, who is Filipino, would likely be the biggest beneficiary of the crowded field. The question that faces all three challengers is this: can they avoid nipping at each other so that whoever faces Stone in a run-off can count on the support of their opponents and their followers?
Anthony / November 30, 2006 5:50 PM
Without a competitive Mayoral race to lift the turnout rate, I wouldn't put my money on this race going to a run-off. Nor do I put much stock in the fact that many incumbents will be defeated. There may be a few heated races but I see a vast majority of the alderman returning.
Richard F Carnahan / November 30, 2006 7:25 PM
I would tend to agree with you Anthony. However, I think Stone is one of the most threatened aldermen out there due to his age and lack of real on the ground organization; inertia has really carried him these last few go rounds.
Salman Aftab / December 1, 2006 4:41 PM
Mr. Carnahan,
Although your article presents a realistic perspective of the upcoming aldermanic election, I must clarify one point. I did not call Mr. Stone a "warlord," rather my website reads, "I do not believe that any Alderman should be a rubber stamp for Mayor Daley nor should they effectively be warlords." Essentially, this summarizes my position that an Alderman's primary duty is to work for the citizens of the Ward. This requires listening to the people and carrying their message to the City Council regardless of Mayor Daley's stand on the issues. I will not stand in the shadow of Mayor Daley and vote as he does on issues if they are not beneficial for the 50th Ward. Likewise, I will not make decisions that do not have the consensus of the community as do warlords. Mr. Stone is the antithesis of a warlord. He is a Richard Daley rubber stamp who has voted 85% with him on the issues. Mr. Stone is too busy with issues that result in his own personal gain.
Dave Madlener / December 1, 2006 7:22 PM
Why are Gutierrez and Jackson not running ? My guess is that if Peraica could not beat the machine in all of Cook County, than neither of them could beat Daley in the City. On top of that Todd Stroger is / was a very bad candidate for the democrats.
Jackson and Gutierrez saw the writting on the wall and had a handy excuse and a nice neat way to back out without looking like cowards.
For the 50th Ward, heck it's only 45 precincts and very diverse. Peraica won the ward so the people are ready for change. My guess is that Aftab has the best shot at winning.
Richard F Carnahan / December 2, 2006 9:55 AM
Mr. Aftab-
Thank you for clarifying that point and for engaging us on this site.
anthony / December 2, 2006 11:29 AM
One of the reasons Peraica pulled ahead in the 50th was due to the fact that the ward has a large Croatian populatian combined with the fact that Stroger was a less than stellar candidate.
Many of these voters will stick with Stone and the stability he offers.
wndycty / December 4, 2006 7:54 PM
Mr. Carnahan and for that matter Aftab, please explain more about Mr. Aftab's arrest for assaulting a gay man as mentioned in the NATION. Mr. Aftab this will obviously be an issue how do you respond? I found this by "googling" Mr. Aftab.
I did not want to appear to making up a baseless allegation so I posted a link below. The issue I brought up in a previous post should be addressed. I think the sooner Mr. Aftab confronts this issue the better.
http://www.thenation.com/doc/20010521/cockburntext
Sal Aftab / December 4, 2006 9:14 PM
Ms. wndycty the incident that which you referred, represent a snap shot in time over the 20 years that Mr Nasim and I have been close friends. A sign of true friendship is being able to overcome misunderstandings and continue to remain close friends. Mr Nasim was one of the key note speakers at my fundraiser on August 8th, 2006.
Mr Nasim and I continue to be friends and both of us have appologized to one another for that event.
When will Bernie Stone , as a member of the Chicago Ethics Committee, appologize for all the fraud and corruption in City Hall?
www.salmanforalderman.com
Thanks for your response Mr. Aftab. But as reported in the NATION your comments were very homophobic and I would think that while you and Mr. Nasim are friends, the larger gay community as well as any person who supports tolerance would have a reason to be concerned. Have you reached out to Equility Illinois and other organizations that represent the LGBT community who no doubt will learn of your incident as well as aspects of your police record. Your peace Mr. Nasim is only part of the story. Once the mainstream press learns of your "rap sheet" as you have been known to call it, how will you respond?
wndycty:
You are reading only one part of the story. There are no comments from witnesses, there are no comments from me in that article.
Our argument had nothing to do with the topic of anything relating to sexual orientation. Our arguement had to do with an article written by my friend Mr. Nasim.
Those comments supposedly made by Mr. Nasim in that article are lies. He has appologized to me for the misrepresentation and I have accepted his appology.
If you or anyone else cares about the TRUE FACTS, the transcripts of the investigation can be found at The Cook County States Attorney Office.
If you cared about the facts you would consider the massive over budgeting in the City of Chicago and realize that Mr. Stone sits on the Budget Committe.
If you cared about the facts you would know how corrupt the City of Chicago is and you would know that Mr. Stone sits on the ethics committee.
You would know that Mr. Stone is part of the problem with the City of Chicago.
Instead you care about one issue and one issue only.
Open your eyes........its a big City , a big state, a big nation, and an even bigger global community.
wndycty / December 6, 2006 7:25 AM
Open my eyes? I see a candidate who claims endoresements that don't exist. On Chicago Clout Randall Sherman had to go on record to announce that his organization did not endorse you even though your buddies at Chicago Clout claimed you are approved by "Illinois Committee for Honest Government." Where is your credibility?
Also I have heard that you brag about having a "rap" sheet. Is this true? Of course very few people know about it if it exists, however I'm sure someone wih the Alderman's resources can did this up. Is there a "rap" sheet and our you concerned about it being dug up?
Cinnamon / December 6, 2006 11:46 AM
I would like to know why so many businesses along Devon Avenue in my neighborhood have posters supporting Alderman Stone and Mr. Aftab. It doesn't make sense that a business owner would be supporting two candidates at the same time.
Richard F Carnahan / December 6, 2006 12:11 PM
It kinda makes sense, Cinnamon--they're hedging their bets! Why Mr Aftab has a reasonable chance of winning (also, he shares a common background with many of the storeowners on Devon Street), but then again--Stone controls the ward.
I have a feeling one of those two signs will go down with extreme prejudice sometime soon.
Veronica / December 6, 2006 10:55 PM
Now there are stores with three signs. Stone, Aftab, and Dolar.
The argument used to get all three up is about educating the public about all the candidates.
Once again OPEN YOUR EYES ! This is the original post.........
Salman is very well educated and approved by Illinois Committee for Honest Government. The Frank Avila family are endorsing this candidate. Good luck Salman. Photo by Patrick McDonough.
Posted by patrick1 on November 12, 2006 07:22 PM | Permalink
No where does it say I am endorsed by the Committee furthermore, I never claimed to be endorsed by the committee.
If there are any questions concerning The Illinois Committee for Honest Government contact Chairman, Tony Joyce.
Field Organizer / December 7, 2006 2:38 PM
Cinnamon / Richard
Multiple signs:
Politics is a nasty game. I hope the other challengers in the 50th Ward and beyond understand how nasty the incumbent plans to play.
Mr Stone has sent his cronie, Anish, (first name), the streets and sanatation supervisor for the 50th Ward, around to the stores.
When Anish visits the stores, on City time, wearing his uniform, driving a city vechile, he tells the store owners to remove Mr Aftab's signs or face the concequences.
A report has been filed with the City of Chicago Inspector Generals Office concerning the actions of the city employee. The following day Anish, the city worker, personally appologized to Mr Aftab. A precinct captian, Majid, made a personal appology on behalf of Alderman Stone.
What are those consequences of having a challengers sign in your window ? A visit from a city inspector, code violation tickets, harassment from City Hall and phone calls from the Alderman and his enforcers.
Michael Moses is one such enforcer in the 50th Ward. He has made phone calls to building owners and business owners demanding the removal of the signs.
This is a fine example of why Alderman Stone must be defeated.
Mister C / December 7, 2006 4:53 PM
Sorry to get all rah rah here, but this thread is the ultimate example of the usefulness of the internet. Candidates being able to directly address their detractors (and vice-versa), insiders providing
perspectives/information not normally found in media outlets, questions being answered; thanks so much for keeping this column up another week, Andrew. And Richard for writing it, of course!
"Field Organizer"-
Were you given a case number by the Inspector General's office? Will you comment further on what happened specifically--so that we're not looking at allegations here that may be false?
Field Organizer / December 9, 2006 12:23 PM
I do not have a case number for the complaint. What I do have is a name and phone number (for what it's worth).
Aron was the investigator from the inspector generals office and the phone # of his office is 773 478 0409.
Salman tells me of another incident (which I do have a case # to share) which he was assulted by one of Mr. Stones goons.
Salman filed a police report because Billy (first name) said he would break Salman's legs after the election. The Police report # is HM 704520. This incedent occured Nov 6th.
I am wondering which election Billy was refering to. My guess is the Aldermanic election because it was in reference to Salman's window signs.
If Salman's legs are broken, will you sign his casts ?
scorekeeper / December 9, 2006 9:06 PM
Sounds like Billy Sraieb, who does some work for Stone and is associated with the previously mentioned Anish. They both did a bit for the Claypool campaign, which Stone supported.
Strangely enough, Aftab was a big Claypool supporter, too. Not sure if they ever met.
Guppoo / December 10, 2006 8:15 PM
I am long time resident of 50 th ward and have been following this campaign for quite sometime now.
Although your article is interesting and on the mark Mr. Carnahan, but I think you have underestimated Mr. Aftab's bid for candidacy. No one in the race connects with the voters of 50th ward better than Mr. Aftab. He is honest, kind hearted and geniune, kind of qualities we rarely see in politician now a days. I concur with the comment posted earlier that some of the store owners are intimidated to put incumbent's window signs on their store, It's a common knowledge in 50th ward.
May the best man win and I think Mr Aftab may very well be that man!!!
nomorebsn50 / December 11, 2006 10:58 PM
Naisy received excellent coverage today for her petition filing.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXKnXB43_TU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_-7BhMUTGI
Richard F. Carnahan is a true South Side Sox fan who's played a bit part in Chicago politics more than once over the years. Contact him at rfc@gapersblock.com.
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Q: android java inheritance I have a class named Chat which extends Activity.
When I'm creating the Chat class, I'm saving a reference to it in the Application class.
onCreate(Bundle) {
    setCurrentActivity(this);
}

I want to enter the the Chat area of the activity, in order to use one of its methods.
I'm trying to do it like this:
Chat chat = (Chat) getCurrentActivity();
chat.someUniqueFuction();

but I can't see any Chat methods. Why?

A: In the Application class it should look like this
public void onCreate(){
    super.onCreate();
    setCurrentActivity(this);
}

And this would not have the wished effect because you would set your Application which is no Activity as currentActivity.

A: onCreate(Bundle saveInstance){
   super.onCreate();
   Chat chat = new Chat();
   chat.someUniqueFuction();
}


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India and Health & Safety: A Toxic Love Story, Quite Literally |
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India and Health & Safety: A Toxic Love Story, Quite Literally
If you ask anyone, and by anyone I mean ANYONE, about the health and safety in India you are likely to get the same answer across all demographics of people. India as we know, is not very big on 2 things, health and safety. If we talk about the former it is most likely the government's responsibility. So is the latter but let's spare some shame.
Problems With Health
India has a lot of health problems given that the big population of the country does not give priority to health and safety. India is a country of over a billion people, on the social and political fronts, while others involve people who have done something to improve the health and safety of the country. For instance, a government body might be working on a program to improve the access of rural Indians to medicine. As reported by Health and Safety, this program could save the lives of thousands of people by preventing illnesses and by extending life spans. It is important to have more and more health and safety consultants in the country along with other basic services, this is what we are to target next.
What are the health and safety concerns for people living in India? Water and sanitation access is a huge concern for the citizens of India. In some villages there is no access to water, so they have to walk miles to get to the water. Other problems in third-world countries are malnutrition, and lack of education. The problems in the U.S. are obesity and the lack of education.
Although India has a booming economy and the largest population in the world, the country is rapidly becoming more and more unhealthy, with a rampant increase in mental and physical health problems. This is due in part to poor health and safety regulations that have been put in place to protect workers and consumers. According to current regulations, there is little governmental oversight of food and drug production, and many products do not meet basic health standards. This has led to an increase in food-related illnesses, such as intestinal problems and diarrhea, and an increase in water-borne illness is also a concern. Along with poor health and safety regulations, there is also a lack of education about food and drug safety issues.
Problems With Safety
India is a country that has been undergoing fast economic growth in recent years, and the country with over 1.3 billion people is a lucrative market for many businesses and industries. However, the Indian government has been cracking down on many of the businesses that have been profiting from the Indian market, due to the safety hazards that they have been posing to the Indian people.
"The New York Times" recently ran an article on some of the problems the Indian government is facing in regards to safety regulations in the country. Among the most pressing issues is the attitude people have toward safety in India. In many parts of India, people simply don't know about safety regulations and are completely unaware of the safety hazards that surround them. There is almost nothing in the name of industrial hygiene audit services except for the big private giants who have no option but to get them at their expense. The year 2013 is a huge example. On the night of December 2, a series of blasts ripped through the city of Dhanbad, in Jharkhand, killing more than a dozen people and injuring hundreds more. The explosions, which were triggered by a gas leak, were set off in a coal mine operated by the government-owned National Coal Corporation. In the wake of the incident, the local authorities took several steps to ensure that similar tragedies are prevented in the future. A new set of safety regulations was rapidly drawn up and the government pledged to invest in new facilities to ensure that companies adhere to them. All in words.
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School sport driving up sports participation in the UK
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Drawing in sports clubs and families into school sport is proving successful in driving up sports participation, says England's Youth Sport Trust Chief Executive Steve Grainger in an interview with EURACTIV.
Eurobarometer figures from 2004 on sports participation suggest that as few as 17% of adults across the EU take part in sport at least three times a week.
A core part of the drive to build more sport into school curricula in the UK is the Physical Education, School Sport and Club Links (PESSCL) Strategy, says Youth Sport Trust Chief Executive Steve Grainger.
The aim is to increase the percentage of 5-16 year olds who spend a minimum of two hours each week on high quality physical education (PE) and sport, within and beyond the curriculum, to 75% by 2006 and to 85% by 2008.
The project brings a number of schools in a given area into contact with a particular club with well-qualified sports instructors. All schools in the country will belong to a partnership by 2006.
Grainger says it is already achieving results, pointing to a 2004 survey of 9,000 schools showing that 62% of pupils in partnership schools spent at least two hours in a typical week on high quality physical education and school sport within and beyond the curriculum. The figure rose to 68% for the longest-established partnerships, he added.
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LIFE TACKLE is co-funded by the LIFE Environmental Governance and Information Programme of the European Union - Project Number LIFE17 GIE/IT/000611


WASHINGTON – Banana Republicans can have new ideas. This year, along with their three traditional wedge issues: Religious Intolerance, Unrestricted Gun Access and Hatred of Gays, they have added a fourth. They have begun waging an aggressive war on women's rights. Perhaps Banana Republicans are confused about the gender distribution of the electorate, or perhaps the are just saying completely crazy things because they know they can't win anyway and they feel liberated. They can finally express all the hateful things they believe about women that they used to be afraid to say in public. Remember this in the voting booth!


Dr. Kayoko Kifuji was granted immunity for her testimony. But it felt at times Monday as if the Boston psychiatrist herself were on trial.
In her first public statements on the death of 4-year-old Rebecca Riley in December 2006, the Tufts Medical Center physician acknowledged frequently boosting the dosage of psychotropic drugs she prescribed to the girl and her older sister to treat bipolar and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.
Carolyn Riley, whose murder trial entered its seventh day of testimony today, on some occasions increased her daughters' drug dosages without approval, said Kifuji, who acknowledged refilling several prescriptions for the sedative clonidine before Riley's previous supplies were scheduled to run out.
When Riley claimed to have lost a second bottle of clonidine in the summer of 2006, Kifuji said she scaled back prescriptions to 10-day supplies. Around the same time, Kifuji said, she refused a refill request when a Walgreens pharmacist told her Riley "has excuses" monthly for running low on the drug, which she used as a sleep aid for her children.
Prosecutors allege Carolyn and her husband, Michael Riley, who is being tried separately for murder, schemed to have their children diagnosed with mental illnesses to get federal disability benefits. And that Rebecca's death – an autopsy showed it was caused by overmedication – resulted from reckless and negligent parenting.
Medical professionals from Springfield, where the Rileys lived until 2004, testified last week that Carolyn Riley made regular drives to Boston to see Kifuji after being unable to find a local psychiatrist willing to continue prescribing her older daughter clonidine and the mood-stabilizer Depakote. Social workers and a relative testified that Riley ignored pleas that she seek a second doctor's opinion regarding the powerful drug regimen.
On Friday, Kelly Williams, who lived with the Rileys in late 2006, testified that the couple routinely gave Rebecca and her siblings their "sleeping pills" when they acted up in the evening. She said Carolyn Riley disregarded her repeated advice to take Rebecca to a doctor as her health deteriorated into bouts of vomiting and delirium.
Kifuji, a key witness, treated the Riley sisters and their older brother for bipolar disorder and other behavioral problems for a total of nearly four years.
For five hours Monday in Plymouth Superior Court, First Assistant District Attorney Frank J. Middleton Jr. grilled Kifuji in a chronological line of questioning that began with the older Riley sister's bipolar diagnosis following the family's first, 10-minute appointment with Kifuji in April 2003.
Kifuji said she relied on Carolyn Riley's description of her 2-year-old daughter as physically aggressive toward her brother and an extensive family history of bipolar diagnoses that included Carolyn's mother, son and husband. The girl also said she sometimes saw monsters and ghosts, Kifuji said.
The next year, Kifuji diagnosed Rebecca, then 2, with attention deficit disorder after her mother said she had become aggressive – "kicking and spitting" when disciplined – and hyperactive. Four days after Kifuji prescribed a maximum of one tablet of clonidine daily, Carolyn Riley reported back that she had increased the dosage to two tablets a day. Kifuji continued the higher dosage.
Kifuji diagnosed Rebecca in May 2005 with bipolar disorder, prescribing Depakote, after her mother said the girl had started having mood swings and trouble sleeping. Three weeks later, Kifuji said she received a request for medical records from the Social Security Administration, which Middleton said denied an earlier application for disability benefits related to Rebecca.
Questioning did grow tense at times.
"On Nov. 10, doctor, did you give 435 pills to the defendant to give that little girl?" Middleton asked, referring to three prescription refills – a one-month supply – that Kifuji approved on the second-to-last visit before Rebecca's death.
Kifuji has practiced psychiatry in the United States since 1996 after emigrating from Japan, where she went to medical school. Initially, she faced possible criminal charges but returned to her Tufts practice after a period in which she agreed not to practice after a grand jury last summer did not return an indictment.
Defense lawyers will cross examine Kifuji beginning this morning.
Middleton portrayed several events in 2006 as warning signs that went unheeded by Kifuji.
In May, a social worker from Weymouth contacted Kifuji with concerns about Rebecca's diagnosis and medication. That summer, a neurologist reported "dangerous levels" of Depakote in her older sister's system after she was tested for hand tremors that made writing in school difficult. In November, a school nurse contacted Kifuji because Rebecca seemed heavily sedated, like a "floppy doll," when she arrived to school.


The live band began to play as the newlyweds walked onto the floor for their first dance. O, how they danced. The young, twirling couple – a boy and a girl. Her head nuzzled into his cozy neck. His hand in her soft hair, clinging tightly. Her hand resting on his strong shoulders. His head slightly tilts toward her. The bystanders gawk as they watch the couple's suave footwork. The wedding party watch as their friends prance the floor. The teary-eyed parents watch as their child has reached a new pinnacle in front of their eyes.
The couple, on the other hand, is unaware of their mannerisms and footwork. Neither can they recall the dance moves they are carrying out. They would be hard pressed to even remember the song that the live band is playing when the song ends. You see, they do not need music; their bodies find their own rhythm. They are lost in their own world – the boy and the girl. Their dance became one: a twirling, spiritual vibration invisible to the naked eye.
O, how they danced. Unbeknownst to anyone present … their dance is simply the first sketch of its true transcendence. The vibrations of their dance surpass the dance floor itself – pass through the ballroom – through the city – outward beyond the borders of Earth. The vibrations of their dance travel throughout the infinitesimally dense gravitational pull of every event horizon of every Black Hole in the universe, exploiting the laws of physics that we do not understand yet and ceasing the dimensions of space and time; cementing God's plan as eternal. Divine Romance. Timeless. Holy. Fierce. Christ-like.
The vibrations attain the job description of messengers. The divine vibrations surf across the edges of Hell as if to taunt Satan and boast in the new Holy matrimony. The demons cringe, shamefaced, as they are unable to stop God's divine plan for the boy and the girl. Images of Joy and Beauty, shown from the flowing vibrations, flash across the outside walls of Hell, causing there to be a glimmering of light that is otherwise foreign to the occupants of Darkness. The light of Joy and Beauty fades away as quickly as it appeared.
The messaging vibrations of the couple's dance are so tangible that the reflection of their footwork can be seen on the floors of Heaven. The vibrations swoop upward toward the Heavens, completely losing their worldliness and becoming something else entirely. It culminates into its true identity … GLORY, embodied!
The angels of Heaven celebrate another victory of the image of Jesus and His love for the Church being displayed through marriage. A beautiful symbol of glory. The angels leap and sing thanks to God for what he is doing. Saints of old joyfully laugh as they recall their wedding day back on earth. Moses and Noah smile as they remember their first dance.
O, how they danced. The girl whispers something faint into the boy's ear. The onlookers imagine the melodic nothings being said. The bride and groom rest in each others gaze, sinking into the realization that they have become newness in time. Their love, their family, their future has switched from possibility to reality. Times of joy, future vacations, careers, evangelism efforts, children, grandchildren, and retirement parties are inevitable. Their future arguments, moments of stress, times of pain, and times of unknown are coming. But not tonight. Tonight, they can dance all night. And on this night, nearing sunset, the boy dips the girl and gives her a kiss.
O Goodness! How they danced! How great a blessing it is to find someone to dance with on the floors of eternity. Still, no one can see the spiritual vibrations of the dance. No one sees the spiritual messages flying around or its culmination toward Glory. No one sees the simultaneously wonderful effects it has on eternity and the Heavens. In due time, we will see. Until then, the boy watches the girl…the girl watches the boy…the friends watch…the parents watch. O, how they danced. Divine Romance. Timeless. Holy. Fierce. Christ-like. Sovereign. GLORY. O, how they danced.


Every women starts by being independent. There is no one you need to give priority to. You can sleep till late in the morning and stay awake all night, with no one to worry about. You are a free soul. You can hang out with friends, go out for a late night movie and escape to a new place every weekend.
Then comes the advice – 'get married, you can't be single for long, people will opine you have some fault. Find a guy and settle down' (as if finding a guy is as easy as finding your slip on). You hunt for the perfect husband material and you choose one with whom your interests match and finally take the plunge.
Life becomes different. You can no longer sleep till late in the morning or stay awake all night. You have to reschedule your life to match that of your in-laws and your better half. You think about your man first; what he likes to eat, how he likes you to be dressed and such. From 'me' time, you now work towards 'us' time. You go to places with your man and share experiences when earlier it was just you or a few friends. Of course you do it with pleasure, you have that skill in-built. You are a woman – the greatest and most versatile creation of God.
You reboot your system and decide to embrace a little soul. The idea of giving life to someone overpowers all your other desires and wishes. You can't eat, sleep, move around easily but you embrace it and you are happy and take pride in the idea that you are a creator. Gradually, the little soul becomes a part of life.
Your husband and your child become a part of your dreams and wishes. Whatever you plan, you execute with them. They aren't just a part of your life, they become your life.
You are happy with your little family. Then comes – 'Your child needs a sibling. Why aren't you thinking about the child, he needs company'. Now you have to think about giving your child a sibling to play and fight with. I mean, seriously! An only child is not always lonely, they make friends, and they have company.
I guess every woman goes through these phases in life. I came to the conclusion that us women no matter how independent we may be, are never free from these advices. When to marry – to marry or not marry, when to have a child – to have a child or not, when to have a second child – is all administered voluntarily by others.


What's Your Favorite Romantic Tale with a Happy Ending?
Spoilers below for episode 2 of season 3 of the HBO comedy-drama, Crashing.
I've been watching the show Crashing since the beginning. I like Pete Holmes' comedy (if you don't know who that is, perhaps you know him from the superhero sketches from his previous show–see photo), and I thought it would be interesting to watch the story of a comedian trying to build a career from scratch while encountering and interacting with real comedians.
Luckily, that's exactly what the show is! There are lots of little touches that I wouldn't have otherwise known about comedians, such as how they might need to hit the streets selling tickets just to be allowed on the stage and how being a warm-up comedian for TV show audiences is a decent way to pay the bills.
In addition to that, one of the pleasant surprises of the show is the romance. Last season featured an up-and-down romance with another comedian that was fun at times and tough to watch at others (not because it was poorly written…it was just very awkward at times).
And then came the second episode of the third season. I think it may be one of my favorite romantic episodes of any show, ever.
In short, Pete meets a woman while returning a coat. They have some nice banter, and they decide to get coffee. Coffee turns into a day-long date of them walking around New York.
TV shows have conditioned me to expect the worst when I'm rooting for the main character and they meet someone new. We've all seen how this works in most comedies: It starts off great, and then some big revelation happens or you realize one of the people has been lying to the other the whole time.
But in this episode, while I was prepared for disappointment, it doesn't happen. Pete and the woman have a lovely day together, genuinely connecting with each other. They do something I hope we've all done a few times in our lives: Embracing a connection and saying yes to the experience. It's beautiful to watch it unfold.
I know that relationships–on TV and in real life–aren't perfect, and if Pete continues to date the woman, they're going to discover things about each other that they struggle with. I'm fine with that.
But for now, I'm so happy that there's a half-hour of romantic comedy television that's pure, unadulterated happiness.
Can you think of other examples of this? I'm trying to think if there are any episodes like that in The Office, and there probably are, but even with Jim and Pam, there's usually some obstacle or will-they-won't-they element to the episode. The only instance of that in this episode of Crashing comes from you, the viewer–there's nothing manipulative at all about the script.
Maybe it's just me–feel free to prove me otherwise. In the meantime, if you're in the mood for 30 minutes of love, I highly recommend watching season 3, episode 2 of Crashing. You don't need to watch anything before that episode for it to make sense.
This entry was posted on Tuesday, January 29th, 2019 at 8:30 pm	and is filed under television and tagged with television. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.


PLAINVIEW-Summer missions experiences are known for leaving their participants with valuable lessons. For Stephanie Skiles, her summer taught her all the things not to do in New York.
"People kept laughing at me because I was always getting stopped by the police," Skiles chuckled.
For the Wayland Baptist University sophomore from Glen Rose, the summer was an exercise in servanthood that took many forms. Her primary job was serving as a summer secretary for the New York Divinity School, located in Manhattan in Times Square, a position through Go Now Missions, a division of the Student Ministries department of the Baptist General Convention of Texas.
Skiles worked for the president of the seminary, Dr. Paul deVries, helping him with various tasks and doing research and editing for a book he is writing. Her work also involved coordinating any mission groups that came to serve at the seminary.
But like any summer missionary quickly learns, just about any task can become part of your job description if needed. She recalls one afternoon where she ended up on the floor in her business attire, dismantling an old refrigerator.
During the evenings, Skiles had other duties. On Monday and Wednesday nights, she worked in Brooklyn at the African Friendship Center, teaching English to immigrants from West Africa. Specifically, several ladies from Senegal came out for lessons, and Skiles bonded with a young girl named Abby, a second-grader she tutored in the evenings.
Skiles said she also learned a lesson about giving out too much information, and an offhand comment made with some fellow summer missionaries ended up landing her another gig during the month of July.
"We were just visiting one day and I mentioned that I had been on the dance team in high school," Skiles said. When another girl left early, they asked Skiles to help teach dance in the Bronx at an outreach center for children.
Some of the more memorable – and funnier – lessons of the summer came when Skiles got stopped by the police several times, mostly for things she had no idea were so closely regulated.
Free time, though it was limited, was spent doing the usual sightseeing around New York and taking in as many Broadway shows as she could afford. Her parents even made the trip to see her, taking some family time to visit the Statue of Liberty and other New York landmarks.
Thankfully, the police visits left Skiles with no scars, just a few good stories for home. And thanks to the quick pace of the summer, she was still processing the deeper lessons learned as the school year began.
Skiles said she enjoyed her first summer missions experience, which she knew God had called her to do. Repeating the experience is still an option.
Skiles is a chemistry and biology major at Wayland and hopes to teach science.


Bootloader exists in Android-based mobile phone to start the sequence of loading operating system into RAM. Different versions of Android OS and different models of cell phone may have different version of bootloader. On some cases, Android phone users may want to go into bootloader mode, either to view the bootloader version or flash new SBF.
Shut down the phone by pressing on Power button for a while, and choose Power Off.
Method 1: Press and hold the Up direction button on the D-pad of the phone (Up direction button is toward the screen), and press the Power button until the screen lights up.
Method 2: Press and hold the Volume Down button and the Camera button, and press then Power button until the screen lights up.
Method 3: Press and hold the Volume Down button, and press then Power button until the screen lights up.
The phone is now in bootloader mode. If a USB cable is plugged in, it will display Transfer Mode: USB instead.
On other case, Android users may want to go to System Recovery Mode of the Android phone actions such as wipe cache partition, wipe data and factory reset the phone, or to apply update.zip on SD card such as in the process to root the phone for superuser access. Here's the step-by-step guide to enter into System Recovery Mode on Android device. Note that it may not work for all Android devices, but should work on Motorola Droid/Milestone.
Method 1: Press and hold the X key on the QWERTY keyboard of the phone, and press the Power button until the screen lights up. When the Motorola logo appears, release the Power button but keep hold of the X key until icon describe below appears.
Method 2: Press and hold the Camera button on side of phone, and press the Power button until the screen lights up. When the Motorola logo appears, release the Power button but keep hold of the Camera button until icon describe below appears.
Method 3: Press and hold the Volume Down button, and press then Power button until the screen lights up. Then select Recovery and press Power button to confirm.
A yellow or red triangle with an exclamation mark (!) will be displayed on phone screen. Press and hold the Volume Up and Camera or Power buttons simultaneously to bring out the system recovery menu.
Use the D-pad to navigate the menu and select the appropriate action.
Tip: You can also access bootloader (fastboot) or recovery mode via ADB.


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Silk Road Founder Ross Ulbricht Faces Life in Prison After Guilty Verdict
Posted on: February 5, 2015, 03:01h.
Last updated on: February 5, 2015, 03:20h.
Silk Road founder Ross Ulbricht's luck finally ran out after a jury found the Dark Net entrepreneur guilty on seven federal counts, one with a mandatory 20-year prison sentence. (Image: gizmodo.com)
Silk Road creator Ross Ulbricht is facing life in prison after a federal jury found him guilty on all seven charges relating to the Dark Net marketplace that specialized in the illegal sale of everything from heroin to hitmen's services.
Using the supposedly untraceable cryptocurrency Bitcoin for its financial transactions, Silk Road became the de facto Amazon marketplace for every illicit thing anyone could ever want.
Prosecuting attorneys successfully argued the 30-year-old operated the underground exchange using the pseudonym "Dread Pirate Roberts" to allow online users to sell a wide range of contraband, hacking tutorials, and worse.
After three weeks of testimony, the jury took just three-and-a-half hours to reach its verdict, with sentencing scheduled for May 15.
Online Gambling Connection
US Attorney Preet Bharara, the lead prosecutor in the suit against Ulbricht, is a strong anti-online gambling proponent who was recently considered by President Obama to replace outgoing Attorney General Eric Holder.
Bharara is infamous among Internet poker fans for being responsible for "Black Friday," the Department of Justice's crackdown and removal of PokerStars, Full Tilt, and Absolute Poker from the United States online gaming market. At the time, he referred to online gambling as a "concocted and elaborate criminal fraud scheme," with the defendants engaged in "massive money laundering and bank fraud."
Bitcoin Betrayal?
Although the President passed over Bharara for Attorney General, the Silk Road case could add credence to those in power who are seek to ban iGaming in the US for its acceptance of the digital currency Bitcoin.
Most notably, that includes Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC) who recently announced his own 2016 presidential GOP exploratory committee. A close cohort of Las Vegas Sands magnate Sheldon Adelson, the senator is adamant that Internet gaming can be directly linked to terrorism.
During his questioning of nominated Attorney General Loretta Lynch, Graham asked, "Would you agree one of the best ways for a terrorist organization or a criminal enterprise to be able to enrich themselves is to have online gaming that would be very hard to regulate?"
Once a rising commodity that attracted Wall Street investors, Bitcoin's price nose-dived following the revelation that criminals found its anonymous and de-centralized nature the perfect currency for fraudulent activities.
However, Bitcoin has remained a widely used online poker currency at several sites, including Seals with Clubs, a network that keeps accounts anonymous and caters to Americans.
Ross Ulbricht Plummets Faster than Bitcoin
Launched in 2011, the story of Silk Road reads like a Jason Statham thriller, but in reality Texas native Ulbricht was the mastermind, running the Deep Web forum from his small apartment in San Francisco with just a laptop and Wi-Fi.
According to evidence presented in court, during the next three years, his platform executed more than one million drug deals, leaving Ulbricht a profit of over $18 million in Bitcoins.
Ulbricht's parents, who maintain his innocence, insisting he was the fall man for Silk Road, claim their son simply got in over his head. His mother Lyn says, "He's very idealistic and I could see Ross thinking, 'I want to create an open market where people can freely trade.'"
But with a Bitcoin bank account growing exponentially, he reportedly lost the "friendly, compassionate, caring" spirit his mother described. When he was arrested, his computer seizure showed activity suggesting he was considering hiring hit men to murder five Silk Road users who threatened to reveal his identity.
Following Ulbricht's arrest, Silk Road 2.0 immediately launched, but the site was shutdown by the federal government exactly a year later, with his successor Blake Benthall taken into custody.
Someone get Statham on the phone. There's an action movie to make.
Silk Road Founder's Life Sentence Upheld, Adding to Prosecutor Preet Bharara's Legacy
Bitcoin Users Scramble as Major Exchange MtGox Goes Offline
A Month Later, Silk Road Returns; Is Bitcoin in Bed with Bad Guys?
Silk Road Founder Arrested While Bitcoins Plummet
Agents Investigating Silk Road Charged with Money Laundering, Fraud
David Sheldon — June 1, 2017
Katie Barlowe — February 27, 2014
Katie Barlowe — November 27, 2013
Samantha Beckett — October 3, 2013


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Beloved Uncle Sven's Comic Shoppe in St. Paul closes after 39 years
The hallway-sized shop with "a big heart" closed in late November.
Melissa Turtinen
A popular comic book store in St. Paul has closed after nearly 40 years in business.
Uncle Sven's Comic Shoppe, 1838 Saint Clair Ave., closed on Nov. 27, and thanked all the friends "from the many decades of comic fun," the store said on Facebook.
The tiny shop "with a big heart" opened in 1982, and according to its website, it was the oldest comic shop still in its original location in the Twin Cities — at least according to "rumors."
The hallway-sized shop in the Mac-Groveland neighborhood says it is moving all of its pull bins and subscriptions to Source Comics and Games in Roseville. (Source Comics and Games bought Uncle Sven's from its founder more than a decade ago.)
"Hope to see many of you there in the future," the post said.
Past patrons of Uncle Sven's commented on the Facebook post thanking the shop for all the memories. The nephew of Ken Svendsen, who started Uncle Sven's, wrote a blog post about all his memories at the shop.
Jonathon Svendsen said:
"It's a strange and bittersweet loss to grapple with, especially as it feels so trivial in the grand scheme of things. But the Shoppe wasn't just my favorite local small business, nor was it just my favorite hang-out spot with family and friends. It was to me what a tree fort or a club house is to any normal child. It was my special place where I felt safe and where my imagination first ran free."
According to the Pioneer Press, the shop didn't close by choice. The owners of the building — Blue Plate Restaurant Company — did not renew Uncle Sven's lease nor the lease of Curl Up and Dye, the longstanding salon next door that will close at the end of the month.
Blue Plate, which owns neighboring Groveland Tap, told the Pioneer Press it is planning to make roof repairs and Americans with Disabilities Act improvements to the building that houses the comic book store and salon, which will complicate access.
The company has not said what may go into the spaces.
MinnesotaUncle Sven's Comic ShoppeSt. PaulComic Book Shop Mn
Christmas markets return to St. Paul's Union Depot this month
The MN Christmas Market kicks off the season this weekend.
Pazzaluna closes for good after more than 20 years in St. Paul
The coronavirus pandemic has claimed another Twin Cities restaurant.
Department store Shopko to close 39 locations, including 2 in MN
The stores in Paynesville and Mahnomen will close.
MN Consumer
Walmart to close its only store in St. Paul
The University Avenue location will shutter next month.
The Happy Gnome to close after 14 years in St. Paul
The Selby Avenue bar was a driving force in the craft beer movement.
Rise of Amazon, digital books forcing St. Paul used book store to close
Sixth Chamber Used Books has called Grand Avenue home since 1995.
Sweet Science Ice Cream closing in St. Paul, opening in Edina
The company's St. Paul location will close.
Citing dissatisfaction with the city, furniture store to exit St. Paul
Traditions will focus its Minnesota business on its St. Louis Park store.


text:
Education » leicester »
Liz visits the Stephen Lawrence Centre at DMU
I was delighted to visit the Stephen Lawrence centre at De Montfort University recently.
It was incredibly moving to walk through the timeline of Stephen's case, which explained what happened on the night of his murder up to the present day. It also includes artefacts – school books, football boots and family photos.
Many people will remember Stephen's tragic murder, but for younger people the centre provides an introduction to the case and to the issues and activism that grew from it.
The centre is really keen to engage with local schools and as well as offering schools the chance to visit the centre, they will also come to do assemblies.
You can find out more about the Stephen Lawrence centre here.
Liz marks launch of Stephen Lawrence Day in Parliament
Liz meets Fullhurst Brilliant Club
Liz holds coffee morning at Manor House Community centre
Liz welcomes pupils from Glebelands Primary School to Parliament
Liz meets Glebelands Primary School pupils


text:
typedef vector<string>::iterator pstring;

void
command_proc(const vector<string> &args, CCommand::CallbackData data) {
  cout << "command_proc" << endl;

  for (int i = 0; i < args.size(); i++)
    cout << args[i] << endl;
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  try {
    vector<string> args;

    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++)
      args.push_back(string(argv[i]));

    CCommand command(argv[0], command_proc, NULL, args);

    command.addFileDest("args.txt");

    command.start();
  }
  catch (...) {
    cout << "Error" << endl;
  }

  return 0;
}


text:
Al-Amarja
A musical conspiracy
2023 Turkey Agreement Urdu
Posted by dave on November 27, 2020
Posted in: Uncategorized.
Among many agreements was a separate agreement with the United States, the Chester concession. In the United States, the treaty was rejected by several political groups, including the Committee against the Treaty of Lausanne (COLT), and on January 18, 1927, the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the treaty by 50 votes to 34, six votes less than the two-thirds requested by the Constitution. [20] As a result, Turkey cancelled the concession. [9] And by 2023 the treaty period, which has passed a hundred years, ends, and here we understand Erdogan`s comments, since Turkey will enter a new era, and begin with the oil exploration and drilling of a new canal that will begin between the two black and marmara seas as preparation for the pricing of passing ships. And how do the current great powers cope with Turkish demands? We will see wars before 2023 and who will lead this change Then took place the "Conference of Lausanne II", which lasted three months and led to the signing of the "Treaty of Lausanne", an international peace agreement signed on July 24, 1923 at the "Beau Rivage Plus" hotel in Lausanne, southern Switzerland, among the victorious powers after the First World War (especially Great Britain). , France and Italy), and the Ottoman Empire, which presided over its delegation to the conference, Ismet Inonu, and on the basis of which the Ottoman Empire was officially divided, and the Turkish Republic was founded under the presidency of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. In 1839, Britain invaded China to crush resistance to its participation in the country`s economic and political affairs, and was one of the main objectives of the British war: the occupation of Hong Kong Island, populated on the coasts of southeastern China. The new British colony (Hong Kong Island) prospered as it became a shopping centre between East and West and a commercial and commercial centre for southern China, and in 1898 Britain gained an additional 99 years of domination over Hong Kong under the second Beijing Agreement. In September 1984, after years of negotiations, the British and Chinese signed a formal agreement authorizing the re-island to China in 1997, in exchange for China`s promise to maintain Hong Kong`s capitalist system, and on July 1, 1997, Hong Kong was officially ceded to China, which included a series of high-ranking Chinese and British personalities.
, the head of the new government in Hong Kong Tung Chee Hwa , has established a policy based on the concept of "one country, two systems" that retains the role of Hong Kong as a major capitalist center in Asia.
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This quantity is a part of the Ceramic Engineering and technological know-how continuing (CESP) series. This sequence incorporates a selection of papers facing matters in either conventional ceramics (i.e., glass, whitewares, refractories, and porcelain teeth) and complex ceramics. subject matters lined within the sector of complicated ceramic contain bioceramics, nanomaterials, composites, reliable oxide gas cells, mechanical houses and structural layout, complicated ceramic coatings, ceramic armor, porous ceramics, and more.
During this entire historical past, Donald Hill opens a window on medieval and classical engineering. The ebook specializes in on Greece, Rome and medieval Western Europe, but in addition comprises attention-grabbing details on heart japanese technology.
Documenting over 1800 years, Donald Hill illustrates how classical and medieval engineers designed early irrigation structures, dams, bridges, clocks and the way they harnessed the ability of either water and wind. operating mostly with out a quantified, clinical foundation for his or her designs, those early engineers studied the homes of fabrics and how during which fluids and solids behaved in convinced stipulations. They then utilized this information to successfully remedy difficulties. This attention-grabbing learn records over 1800 years of early engineering.
Within the final decade, adjustments within the scale of operations required to discover and delivery oil have resulted in a pollutants challenge of significant proportions: oil at the sea. those adjustments happened slowly, and the switch in value of the possi bilities for . toxins went unrecognized till a chain of dramatic injuries lately gave the matter prevalent public observe.
Research of huge deformation, inflexible physique move and pressure or tension for discontinuous fabrics is frequently required for undertaking designs and plans within the fields of engineering and catastrophe prevention. Many numerical simulation and research equipment were constructed for the requirement from technology and expertise humans considering Seventies.
Bio-Instructive Scaffolds for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering and Regenerative drugs explores musculoskeletal tissue progress and improvement throughout populations, starting from elite athletes to the aged. The regeneration and reparation of musculoskeletal tissues current the original demanding situations of requiring either the necessity to face up to distinctive forces utilized to the physique and talent to help cellphone populations.
The additional Reynolds stress terms resulting from Favre-averaging the conservation equations are obtained from the eddy viscosity, which is calculated by employing the standard K-E turbulence modeL3 Combustion The computer model is capable of predicting diffusion turbulent combustion. The reaction is described using a fast-kinetics, single-step process. Since the reaction rate is assumed to be limited by mixing and not chemical Ceram. Eng. Sci. , 18 [ll (1997) 31 Table I. Partial differential model equations h 5 I S@ 0 0 Equation X-momentum I Y-momentum Z-momentum I Enthalpy Mixture fraction -+'I -v C l P CJ ' 3 0 Of Mixture fraction varience ITurbulent I kinetic energy 1 Dissipation rate 32 Ceram.
The control volume method is used to obtain discretized versions of all the differential conservation equations. These discretized equations are solved using an iterative line-by-line technique. The Simpler algorithm2 is employed to treat the coupling between the continuity and momentum equations. The additional Reynolds stress terms resulting from Favre-averaging the conservation equations are obtained from the eddy viscosity, which is calculated by employing the standard K-E turbulence modeL3 Combustion The computer model is capable of predicting diffusion turbulent combustion.
Because a reliable measured glass load temperature was not available, the glass surface temperature was varied linearly between 1200 K at the inlet and 1400 K at the exhaust. Wall and roof overall heat transfer coefficients were estimated based on furnace material properties and ambient conditions. Except for setting the glass load temperature, the combustion space predictions were not otherwise coupled to the glass bath. Computer simulations of the IGT furnace were performed on an IBM RS/6000 3CT workstation with 124 MB of memory.


text:
Mirosternus is een monotypisch geslacht van kevers uit de familie van de klopkevers (Anobiidae).

Soort
 Mirosternus glabripennis Sharp, 1881

Klopkevers


text:
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What us Broadway folks can learn from the success of The Simpsons.
Earlier this week, The Simpsons celebrated its 30th anniversary on the air.
That's right, both The Simpsons AND The Phantom of the Opera started entertaining audiences in 1987.
The cartoon has 32 Emmys on its hand-drawn shelf and is also the longest-running scripted, primetime entertainment series of all time (and is guaranteed to run for at least two more seasons).
Whenever anything is this successful, but especially when it's in the entertainment industry, I always take a few moments to dig into the story, in the hopes I'll find something we can learn/borrow/steal for our playbooks.
Here are three takeaways from The Simpsons success story that we should pay attention to:
It's a cartoon that isn't just for kids. Like most success stories, part of the key to its early success was how unique of a product it was. We had never seen anything like it. It was a cartoon that wasn't on Saturday mornings. And while kids loved hearing Bart say "Cowabunga, dude!" and piss off his parents in each episode, adults loved it too. Potential audience size = doubled. Disney is a master at this as well, especially with their films, in creating something that parents can take their kids to and enjoy just as much as their younger counterparts do (School of Rock is another great example of this on Broadway).If you have a show that could attract a younger demographic, work extra hard that you still appeal to the parent-set, and you could find yourself with twice as much word-of-mouth and twice as long of a run.
It incorporates the current. All great satires poke fun at what is currently happening in society. The Simpsons constantly wrote current events into its scripts, making it resonate that much more with an audience. In the press world, we call this newsjacking . . . you write a story based on another story that people are talking about and get that much more attention (and often press). In the entertainment industry, we just call this smart.And sure, it got themselves into some controversies from time to time, but that ain't all that bad either.Maybe your show is loose enough where you can literally call out current events (comedies like this one lend itself easily to that). But if you can't, you should still endeavor to have your story contain an undercurrent of a theme that's currently being talked about at water coolers around the world. Because it'll make sure your show is being talked about at those coolers too.
They used stars . . . as supporting players. Celebrity voices were common on The Simpsons for the past 30 years, but they were always supporting folks. The primary characters were voiced by actors you never heard of before, and the show actually made stars out of them. Audiences turned on The Simpsons for the show, not the stars, and got some celebrities as a bonus.
Remember, of the 10 longest running shows on Broadway, 9 of them debuted without stars. While in today's day and age, it may feel safer to put a celebrity into your lead role, it's not what leads to long-term success.
May 3, 2018 Shows, Producing, Writing, On The Blog
Carvanpool says:
Really? Name-checking your bosses shows? It doesn't help in the credibility department.
Tony Award-Winning Broadway Producer
I'm on a mission to help 5000 shows get produced by 2025.
TMS Coaching Call with Eric C. Webb
20jan8:00 pm9:00 pmTMS Coaching Call with Eric C. Webb
Members of The TheaterMakers Studio get to join a live group coaching call with Davenport Theatrical Enterprise's Director of Creative Development, Eric C. Webb. Participants get to ask Eric their
Members of The TheaterMakers Studio get to join a live group coaching call with Davenport Theatrical Enterprise's Director of Creative Development, Eric C. Webb. Participants get to ask Eric their questions about the industry, their projects, and their careers. To access these calls, join The TheaterMakers Studio.
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