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Homeless figures hit record high of more than 10,305 – with almost 4,000 children now destitute in Ireland
THE number of people living homeless in Ireland has risen once again to 10,305 – the highest since records began.
Shocking figures released by the Department of Housing show that last month there were 6,484 adults and 3,821 children living in emergency accomodation across the country – including hotels, B&Bs and state-funded 'family hubs'.
Compared with the previous month, this represents an increase of 41 people – four adults and 37 children – and marks the third consecutive month that a grim new record has been set.
Of the total 10,305 people with no place to call home, the vast majority are in Dublin – with 1,733 families altogether.
Tip of an iceberg?
But campaigners say the new figures are only the tip of the iceberg and the real number of Ireland's homeless may be twice as high as the Department of Housing found.
"The true figure would be closer to 20,000 as we don't include rough sleepers, families in women's shelters, people in direct provision or people couch-surfing or living with family or friends in these figures," said Inner City Helping Homeless (ICHH) chief executive Anthony Flynn.
"In the last four days alone there have been two deaths of homeless men in their 30s in Cork.
"We cannot become numb to deaths on our streets and the government's lack of will to provide proper emergency accommodation and build public housing on public lands that has led us to this."
Kerry Anthony, CEO of charity Depaul, said the latest rise in homeless "shows that the issue is not going away any time soon".
She added: "This is the third successive record in as many months which indicates there is still a long road to go before we can firmly get a handle on the issue of homelessness.
"Recently we have seen in some of our emergency accommodations that over 50% of those new to homeless were between the ages of 18–34.
"It is important to point out that this is a sample representing Depaul's emergency services however, for some young adults in our society that means starting your adult life off as homeless."
'National emergency'
Responding to the new findings, Housing Minister Eoghan Murphy said: "The figures for March show a slight increase on February, with four additional adults and 37 additional dependants in emergency accommodation.
"We continue to put considerable efforts in to prevent people from entering emergency accommodation, while also exiting as many families and individuals from homelessness as possible each month."
But Mr Flynn said Minister Murphy and his Department were "directly responsible" for what are now "the worst levels of homelessness in the history of the state".
He added: "The time for talking is over and we need to see the government treat homelessness as the national emergency that it is with an emergency sitting of the Dail."
Last month, a report by children's ombudsman Dr Niall Muldoon uncovered serious concerns about the mental health of children living in emergency accomodation in Ireland.
Dr Muldoon called for an independent evaluation of family hubs – used mostly as temporary relief for families instead of placing them in hotels and B&Bs alongside homeless adults – which the Government are currently spending over €100 million on.
See More: Department Of Housing, Dublin, Eoghan Murphy, Family Hubs, Homelessness Crisis, Ireland, Rough Sleepers
News 1 month ago
Number of homeless people in Ireland rises to 10,378 – with 3,794 children now destitute
By: Aidan Lonergan - 1 month ago
Convicted murderer admits killing of Irish woman Catherine Burke


text:
Orgilus sudzuchae är en stekelart som beskrevs av Sergey A. Belokobylskij och Taeger 1996. Orgilus sudzuchae ingår i släktet Orgilus och familjen bracksteklar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Bracksteklar
sudzuchae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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\begin{document}

\section{Review of Development Process}

\subsection{Description}

The development process used during this project was agile. Features were typically added to the
project incrementally (as opposed to iteratively) during 2--3 week long sprints.

\subsection{Reflections on Agile}

Throughout the term, group members felt that the overhead associated with the agile process was both
a burden and a blessing to the development cycle.

Some aspects of agile development did improve our ability to develop significantly. For example, we
felt that writing (and sometimes rewriting!) user stories as feature statements, and having to plan
goals and assign tasks for each sprint, were all worthwhile, since they forced us to think about the
high-level structure of the project on an ongoing basis.

Some aspects of agile development that struck group members as less
productive. For example, in our group we felt that estimation of user stories was better settled
through group discussion rather than Planning Poker, since some members were not yet familiar enough
with CodeIgniter to be able to make realistic story estimates. We were also able to use these talks
to help each other become acquainted with CodeIgniter and the MVC paradigm.

Some aspects of agile development struck us as redundant. For example, having a burndown chart
seemed pointless when a glace at the project/sprint backlogs could tell us the same information.

Overall, we felt that a fully-featured agile development process would have been more appropriate
for a larger-scale project, or for a development team with no distractions (i.e. other courses).
Most of the person-hours devoted to this project were spent on the agile process itself, rather
than developing the functionality of our product. Regular group meetings were difficult to maintain
during midterm season.

Although Test Driven Development (TDD) was encouraged for this project, it was difficult to pursue
due to the technologies we employed. To our knowledge, the CodeIgniter framework does not support
unit and integration testing to the same extent as more traditional languages such as Java.
Integrating automated testing into our development cycle was thus problematic, and ultimately
deprecated in favour of repeated manual testing, often done collaboratively. In hindsight,
not having followed TDD so rigorously resulted in a pattern of sharp development spikes, followed by
long plateaus of testing. It allowed bugs to creep into the application (usually with respect to
form validation), which we then had to hunt down and fix. With a test suite, these could
have been caught much earlier. However, we feel the effort of writing automated tests would have cut
down our development time even further, and our feature set would be much smaller as a result.

\subsection{A Note on Communication Technologies}

One technology we found especially useful for group communication was Facebook, since we all have
smartphones that allow us to instantly reply to questions and comments. Many design decisions,
answers to coding questions, or proposals for bug fixes were originally proposed in a Facebook post.

Google docs was also extremely useful for editing collaboratively. Our `Final Task List' (a
pre-deployment check-list of remaining tasks) was done entirely in Google docs.

\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
/ Person - John Simpson
(1782-1847), Artist
Artist associated with 16 portraits
John Simpson studied at the Royal Academy Schools, and he was for many years one of Sir Thomas Lawrence's most active assistants, completing several of his unfinished portraits after his death in 1830. Simpson lived and worked in London, where he established a successful portrait painting practice with many eminent sitters to his name. In 1834 travelled to Portugal, where he was appointed portrait painter-in-ordinary to Maria II, queen of Portugal
1 Like voting
by John Simpson
oil on canvas, engraved 1826
Early Victorian Portraits catalogue entry
Henry Richard Fox (later Vassall), 3rd Baron Holland
by John Simpson, after Charles Robert Leslie
oil on canvas, 1834, based on a work of 1829
NPG 382
Regency Portraits catalogue entry
Clarkson Frederick Stanfield
attributed to John Simpson
oil on canvas, circa 1829
Sir Herbert Taylor
oil on canvas, exhibited 1833
George James Cholmondeley, 1st Marquess of Cholmondeley
by William Brett, after John Simpson
mezzotint, circa 1824-1827
NPG D20311
mezzotint, (1825)
John Fleming Leicester, 1st Baron De Tabley
after Sir Joshua Reynolds, and James Northcote, and John Simpson
by Henry Meyer, after John Simpson
mezzotint, published 21 July 1830
by William Say, published by Walter Benjamin Tiffin, after John Simpson
mezzotint, published 1 January 1834
NPG D831
Sir Charles Napier
by John Porter, published by Colnaghi and Puckle, after John Simpson
by John Porter, published by A. Somers, and published by De Frece, after John Simpson
mezzotint, circa 1850s
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
by George Henry Phillips, after John Simpson
mezzotint, published 1852 (1836)
by John Porter, published by A. Somers, and published by A.J. Isaacs, after John Simpson
mezzotint, published 1 March 1854
after John Simpson
stipple engraving, published 1826
mezzotint, published 1834
Test your memory by playing our matching pairs game. Three levels of difficulty make it fun for the whole family.
Test your skill
Regency familiar faces
Rearrange tiles to uncover sitters from the Gallery's Collection by playing our puzzle game.
Play today
Who do you think you were?
Answer a few lifestyle questions about the Elizabethan period and discover your inner Elizabethan!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Some residents of certain areas within the three counties, such as Twentynine Palmsthe Coachella and Temecula valleys, consider themselves separate from the IE.
Sincethe city's population has grown byThe Conklins had carried a motorcycle.
Case that might be file against the company by their old employees St. With all of the options we offer, you are certain to find the RV rental you're looking for. Contingent Plan of Action 1. Utility costs had gone sharply Increasing transportation expenses Unacknowledged net loss since the operations begun and up to the present III.
The Santa Ana River extends from Mt. Another project would be to ask students to research the offshore software industry India, China, Israel and others and write an essay on how this industry evolved, who the major players are IBM, Motorola, Texas Instruments are examplesand what has been the impact to the software industry in the United States.
Definition of the Problem The spiraling production costs Rapid growing of labour and natural stuffs costs. The contract of employment is important because it contains key information about your employment that you need to know such as you hours of work, the main terms and conditions of your Motor homes that look more like buses are called Class A's.
Plan of Action 1. Specifications are subject to change without notice. A Critical Thinking Exercise is provided on the same page -- page The Crime Solvers Hot Line is available 24 hours a day at By the end of the s, the solid-body industry was producing more than 20, units per year and tent trailers had more or less disappeared.
The crew size of 2 had the highest level of productivity and the crew of 3 had the lowest. The unemployment rate in the Inland Empire has been consistently over the national average since This contradiction might have produced only frustration, but tinkering, creativity, and a love of autos instead gave us recreational vehicles.
The table below shows the type of recruitment in the form of internally and externally. Louis Missouri Problems would the company experience in relocating its executives from a to a great extent populated industrialised country to a little rural town. While temperatures are generally cool to cold in the mountains, it can get hot in the valleys.
It is a short section, 25 pages in length, that includes extensive problems, discussion and critical thinking exercises at the end.
Since the s, the area has changed from a rural to a suburban environment. Note how the street 'fades' into the smoggy haze and the Santa Ana Mountains are completely obscured. That fall, Sherman built two additional Covered Wagons. Environment version will take sometimes on the portion of executives Additional costs IV.
And of course, to relocate to a place where the company could get many government inducements and a good location that will help them to cut down their production costs.Recreational vehicles offer families a perfect way to get out and explore the world around them.
Camping has always been a family affair and adding an RV into the mix only enhances the experience and can strengthen the bond between family members.
Rhino Linings of the Southern Tier located at Upper Front in Binghamton, NY services vehicles for RV and Camper Repair. Call () to book an appointment or to hear more about the services of Rhino Linings of the Southern Tier.
Founded inthe CalMark Cover Co. mission statement is to provide customers with the BEST quality custom cover in the industry for recreational vehicles and trailers. Principles of OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Seventh Edition Jay Heizer Jesse H.
Jones Professor of Business Administration Texas Lutheran University Study: Southern Recreational Vehicle Company * Video Case Studies: Locating the Next Red Lobster Restaurant ; Where to Place the Hard.
For nearly 50 years, Jayco has built high-quality RVs, camping trailers, travel trailers, fifth wheels, motorhomes and toy haulers. El Kapitan-California Comfort Vans, Inc., is a factory selected van conversion specialist, and has been a leader in customized vehicle accessories and installations since We have served thousands of customers from our 30, sq.
foot facility which is conveniently located in the heart of Orange County, California.


This is a commercial ad of Autotrader. This commercial was released in February 2017 in United States. Under the title of "Autotrader: Save the Cars PSA".
They're out there and they need your help. Save a car on Autotrader today.
It was done by Zambezi, Culver City advertising agency. And, the commercial by Production Company is Blink Studios & Radical Media and is directed by Andrew Gage & Lucy Tcherniak.
The commercial song is Original Music by Sean McDonald (killthemess/enger). This song was produced specifically for the commercial and unfortunately, it is not available to purchase or download on any music sites.


1),Big vertical color mixer,from 500KG to 15T.
3),Easy to clean, no pollution.
1, The frame is of framework design, solid and durable.
2, Propeller is wholly processed after welding, with high concentricity and steedy operation.
3, Spiral leaf need to be welded before processing ensure shaft concentricity and running smoothly.
4,Materials in the tank can be completely stirred by swirl type, a shorter mixing time.
5, Adopt stainless steel ensure a easy cleaning and rustlessness.
6,Suitable for all kinds of plastic raw material and colors, widely usede for plastic industry.


May 6, 2015 — Aneesh Chopra, Walter Shorenstein Media & Democracy Fellow, was interviewed by Vice News about the possibilities for public and private collaboration to better match job seekers with jobs. Read more.
How Can an Informal Social Media Experiment Provide a Springboard for Formal Policy and Institutional Discussions about Race and Cultural Identity?


text:
BIG Magic - more than marketing, it's business synergy: Anand Chakravarthy, RBNL
BIG Magic marks RBNL's entry in the regional entertainment space. Anand Chakravarthy, Executive Vice President - Marketing, RBNL, speaks at length on the channel's marketing and content strategies...
by Fatema Rajkotwala
The year 2011 is seeing quite a few new additions at Reliance Broadcasting Network Ltd (RBNL). Five months into the year and the group already boasts of having launched two English general entertainment channels – Prime and Love – and a channel especially for the youth – Spark. These apart, from content alliances with top names in the business to joint ventures with seasoned networks, RBNL is branching out to offer a wide range of platforms to advertisers.
In the final leg of the expansion, a Hindi general entertainment channel is expected to join RBNL's channel offerings. As of now, the network remains cagey about any such plans and insists that a Hindi GEC would demand too much mind space and that they wanted to concentrate on developing the newly launched channels for now.
Masala Content
In the meanwhile, the newest sibling in the family is BIG Magic, which marks RBNL's entry in the regional entertainment space. The interesting positioning of the channel is what makes it difficult to define. Dubbed as "exclusively for Hindustan", it features locally relevant entertainment with a mix of humour, Bollywood, movies, and music. The channel is custom made for the core Hindi heartland audiences of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar, supported by endearing characters and programmes that are kaleidoscopic of the different facets of the region and its people.
Commenting on the stream of thought behind the content, Anand Chakravarthy, Executive Vice President - Marketing, RBNL, said, "The content is custom made, designed for them and backed by consumer insights. We are looking at content, shows, characters based out the region, using dialect of this region. We have made a large impact on the market more than other older channels in this area."
Speaking further on the content, he said, "To offer relevant and unique content, we first decided on a variety entertainment format. On a national level, there are few channels that can claim to be variety entertainment channels. This forms a great mix on content. We have looked at what movies have worked on other channels in these markets – light hearted, widely watchable movies that don't have violence – and we chose a specific set of movies. We have dedicated music blocks, an understanding that comes from five years of experience in radio. As we have been a part of this market, this is our strength. Content is not about having great ideas, but understanding the audience. Any new show will be designed around something that will appeal to our viewers."
Synergy Energy
Chakravarthy said, "More than marketing, it's a business synergy. It begins with us being a media company that provides solutions to brands. Radio and TV are complimentary mediums that work effectively together. Brands that advertise on TV are also the biggest advertisers on radio. Ours is strong media proposition for a brand."
He further said that the second synergy was in terms of content. "We understood this market five years ago due to our radio stations. We are aware of the music, humour, and locally relevant insights that interest people in this reason. Marketing is the third area of synergy. Big Magic gets huge support from Big FM."
Local Hindi GEC?
When asked to define the channel's core DNA, Chakravarthy maintained that the channel was targeted at the 'Hindustani language' market, featuring a combination of humour, music, Bollywood and movies. According to him, the opportunity lay in the fact that the growth for regional media was abundant, especially in TV and radio and there was an opportunity to super service this audience here. "The Hindi heartland is currently serviced by regional national channels or smaller niche channels," he noted.
Heading the channel, Sunil Kumaran, Business Head, BIG Magic, said in a press note, "With shows designed and created to give a high local connect along with extensive marketing initiatives, we hope to take the channel to greater heights. The synergies between BIG FM and Magic have further strengthened our standing in the market. The channel offers an effective platform for enhanced reach in the Hindi heartland for brands, both national as well as regional."
On the Marketing Foot
BIG Magic is supported by an integrated media campaign to aggressively market the channel and for greater sampling. The three-week old channel claims to have clocked high GRPs matching up to established channels like Mahuaa TV, Dabaang, Sahara Samay UP, Dhamaal, Zee News UP, and a host of others. (Source: TAM- Week 19- CS 4 + - Markets – UP+MP+BIHAR – UP .1 to 1 Mn+, UP 1Mn+, MP .1to 1Mn, Mp 1Mn+, Bihar 1 Mn+)
Titled 'Smile Please', the marketing campaign leverages famous Bollywood dialogues in a humorous manner, supported by local characters. The entire launch marketing initiative involves spends in excess of Rs 4 crore, focused on the key markets in UP, MP and Bihar. The channel will be continuously supported with an ongoing radio campaign and on ground to ensure consumer interest and sampling of the channel.
Chakravarthy added, "Big Magic reflects the mindset of the region and the creative idea of 'Smile Please' is a reflection of their attitude of making good any situation. The channel is tailor-made to deliver this promise through light-hearted entertainment and we are confident that the already impressive channel performance will be enhanced through the new campaign. With our strong presence in these markets with 92.7 BIG FM, fortified with an integrated media campaign the launch campaign will see greater viewership driven for the channel."
BIG Magic has brought innovation in its customary marketing initiatives too, wherein the channel has created a bookmark like effect with a tear away smiling mask on its print media campaign, thereby ensuring the recall of its message, 'Smile Please!' beyond the advertisement. The channel further enhanced its idea in trade and client offices through a stand-up comedy act across Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata. This, together with a generous helping of 'Dhood Jalebi' (hot milk served with the traditional sweet, jalebi), are touches added to bring alive the flavour of the region, literally.
Radio Raga
The channel will derive huge synergies with RBNL's already well established radio brand – 92.7 BIG FM, operating 11 stations in the heartland and catering a weekly audience of approximately 22 lakh (in the region alone). Going with its strategy to go deep within UP, MP and Bihar, the media plan consists of a very high decibel radio campaign using 92.7 BIG FM.
OOH and more…
The out of home campaign focuses on relevant consumer touch points - mall wraps, retail space branding, intercity bus wraps, frequently seen transport auto and tempo branding, as well as television screens across cities. The channel's unique interactive on ground game show, 'Khiladi No 1', will also play a key part in promoting the channel, with an extensive on ground plan, taking the show across the region into many cities.
Digital media is also being used to connect with viewers across the region. Both online and mobile form a part of the plan, ensuring that consumer awareness and interest in the channel is driven through every relevant means.
Tags e4m internet advertising India TV advertising India tv advertising tv ad tv ad campaign tv campaign tv news tv tv Ad campaign campaign advertising internet advertising tv media tv marketin
media-tv Zee TV' set to telecast 'Teri Meri Ikk Jindri' starting January 27


If you're thinking about taking a camping trip, there are fundamental parts of camping equipment. By making sure you do enjoy these things of camping equipment available once you take off in your outdoor experience, you'll be prepared to have a fun and exciting adventure.
Here is a useful list of camping gear which you may pull together for you in preparing your next camping trip. You may observe these are the fundamental absolutes which you want in camping. You can browse https://turtlebacktrailers.com/our-trailers/expedition-trailer/ to buy the best off road tent trailer.
If you're using a camper or trailer, then you'll require a tent. Be certain you own a tent that is big enough for your loved ones or others which is going to be joining you on your journey. It's always sensible to pick a tent that is bigger than your family size.
Even massive tents may appear to limit and you would like as much space to move as you possibly can. It is wonderful how a lot of individuals really leave these things behind when they are packing for a camping trip.
In addition to this tent, you'll require a floor cloth or a sheet for under your own tent because this can extend the life span of your tent and provide a bit more protection against the floor.
Next, you'll require a light. There are many unique types to pick from such as rechargeable battery kind. A reliable flashlight is also an imperative part of camping equipment. Together with your flashlight, then make sure you've got spare batteries.
Other things you will need in your camping equipment list comprise a cooler for fluids and food, ice, meals, cooking utensils, and plates and silverware. Lastly, make sure you pack along lots of clean water.


text:
"COVID Curve in Grocery Retailing: The Seychelles Perspective"- An Insightful discussion by SLIM
The National Body for Marketing of Sri Lanka, the Sri Lanka Institute of Marketing (SLIM) recently conducted yet another insightful knowledge sharing session as part of its "IGNITE" series. The webinar themed "COVID Curve in Grocery Retailing: The Seychelles Perspective", featured Veronique Laporte, Chairperson, Seychelles Maritime Safety Authority and Former Chief Executive Officer, Seychelles Trading Company Ltd. Hosted by retail expert Charaka Perera, Executive Director Fuchsia Retail (S.A) Pte Ltd. Singapore, and EXCO member of SLIM, the webinar was held to provide the local community with a holistic and comprehensive understanding of the impact COVID-19 had on the retail sector.
Sharing her ideas, Veronique Laporte stated, "As a country that imports the majority of its consumer goods, Seychelles is facing a drastic change in its retail landscape. The longer the pandemic remains, the more challenges and the greater impact it will have on retailers of all sizes. COVID-19 has acted as an accelerant to shifting business models and consumer priorities. Although most of the retailers in Seychelles were not set-up with solid e-commerce facilities, they started to reach consumers and take orders
through social media platforms. For instance, most of the small-scale retailers have started using WhatsApp as a virtual platform to sell their goods. Both big and small players in the retail industry have seen the massive shift to home delivery and in-store pickup. I think in many ways the future of retail has arrived sooner than we thought. Today, online grocery shopping is in the spotlight. In order to survive in the market,
retailers should identify what customers need and deliver it because this crisis leaves them with no choice but to act."
She also highlighted that the availability of resources is the key determinant of the retail sector of Seychelles. Since the retailers import most of the goods, the ones who have enough stocks make profits while the ones who aren't able to restock their inventory are facing issues in meeting the consumer demand. In Seychelles, the crisis situation has caused a significant change in the supply chain as well. Instead of purchasing from a middleman, customers are now given the option to cut out the middleman and directly purchase from the seller.
Further discussing the grocery retail sector of Seychelles and its transformation during these unprecedented times, Veronique Laporte added that it is equally important to make sure that the retailers follow an ethical approach in doing their business. Although there are ample opportunities to exploit the consumer, conducting business in an ethical
way is a moral responsibility of retailers. Moreover, it was discussed how the consumers are trying to be self-sufficient by growing crops in their home gardens in a sustained effort towards alleviating the impact of COVID-19 on essential food security. Customers now tend to purchase essential goods in bulk as they try to avoid the frequency of physical contact as much as possible. Obtaining goods without stepping foot into a brick and mortar store is one of the most important factors for today's consumers. She believes that these new consumer habits formed during the pandemic will become innate behaviour of consumers across the world.
Since Seychelles is mainly dependent on the tourism industry, the current situation has dealt a major blow to retailers whose target customers are tourists. Unlike essential goods sellers, they have no way to market their products. They share an overriding fear about the future as the revival of the tourism industry may take time.
Veronique Laporte ended the discussion mentioning that although these are challenging times if retailers can react with focus and purpose, they can bounce back stronger with better business models and forge a greater relationship with their customers.
Roshan Fernando, President SLIM stated, "As the National Body for Marketing SLIM has always been in the forefront to promote and nurture future Sri Lankan marketers through education, recognition, motivation and appreciation. By conducting the Ignite video series SLIM was able to introduce eloquent and informed speakers who discussed the effects and the ways to overcome the adversities of COVID-19. The grocery retailing business was one of the important topics reviewed with strategies to comply with the new normal behaviour of consumers. The thought provoking speech and the pragmatic strategies advocated by Veronique Laporte truly inspired marketers and business heads to take novel steps to restart their retail sales fields".
SLIM is the National body for Marketing in Sri Lanka and has been promoting marketing excellence and elevating the status of marketing since 1970. SLIM also has received ISO 9001:2015 certification in recognition of its superior quality management system and ISO 29990:2010 for Learning Service Provider (LSP), providing non-formal education and training services.


What is territorial aggression, and how can it be diagnosed?
Territorial or protective aggression may be exhibited toward people or other animals that approach the pet's property. Generally, people and other animals that are unusual, less familiar to the dog, or most unlike the members of the household are the most likely "targets" of territorial aggression.
"Something different about the sight, sound, or actions of the stimulus is causing an alerting, anxious, or defensive response on the part of the dog.
How can territorial aggression be prevented?
Territorial aggression can be prevented or minimized with early socialization and good control. Young dogs should be taught to sit and receive a reward as each new person comes to the door. To reduce potential fear and anxiety toward visitors, you should ensure that a wide variety of visitors come over to visit the puppy while the puppy is young and developing its social skills . In time, most dogs will begin to alert the family by barking when strangers come to the home. However, the dog that has been well socialized and under good control can be trained to quickly settle down and relax.
Why are territorial behaviors ongoing and perhaps even increasing?
For many dogs, territorial displays are a normal part of their behavioral repertoire. While any dog may show territorial responses, certain breeds of dogs have been bred for guarding and watchful behaviors. Without appropriate supervision, owner interaction and training of appropriate responses, these dogs may engage in territorial displays that vary in intensity from mild barking to intense displays that might include growling, snarling, lunging, piloerection and even biting a person or animal entering the territory. Opportunity and environmental access to the stimulus will influence whether the behavior will take place. Without proper owner supervision and training, these behaviors may become excessive. Dogs that are tied may show extreme territorial behaviors and aggressive responses. Dogs that are left outside all day without owner supervision are also at risk for developing escalating territorial responses. Many dogs that show territorial responses are often fearful and anxious and just want the intruder to leave.
The longer the person stays within the territory, the more aggressively aroused the dog may become. The goal of the territorial display is to get the "intruder" to leave. If the pet is frustrated from chasing the stimulus away because it is tied, penned, or behind a closed door or window, then the longer the stimulus remains in place within sight or hearing of the pet, the greater the anxiety. Although dogs with mild fears might habituate with continued exposure, dogs that are constantly exposed (flooded) by an anxiety-evoking stimulus will have their fear heightened until the stimulus leaves. The removal (retreat) of the individual then further reinforces the strength of the response.
Should I punish my dog for his aggressive displays?
Often the first strategies people try are related to punishment: yelling, scolding, startling, or any physical punishment may be effective in interrupting a dog's aggressive display. There may be some serious long term side effects of this approach such as fear, increasing aggression and anxiety and a decrease in the occurrence of warning signs from the dog. Repetitive use of punishment in association with approach of unfamiliar people can create an association that it is threatening to have unfamiliar people around. Punishment may stop the dog from displaying aggression but it will contribute to the anxiety, fear and need to protect. Because the warning displays have been suppressed, the result is a dog that doesn't bark but that may indeed bite without the aggressive display. The aggressive encounter is dangerous and surprises people making the dog seem unpredictable and unmanageable. In fact these bites are a function of training a dog to inhibit territorial aggressive displays by punishment, thus giving the appearance that the dog accepts the approach of the intruder. It is more effective to teach the dog what you do expect him to do when someone comes over.
How can I treat territorial aggression?
For dogs exhibiting territorial aggression, you will need to gain enough control to have your dog sit, stay, and when calmed down, take a reward at the front door. Teaching the dog to settle on command near the vicinity of the front door is an essential first step (see Teaching Calm – Settle and Relaxation Training). If the dog cannot do that, then they must be removed from the area before admitting people into the home. Providing safety for any individuals who must come to the home is essential . If the dog is showing territorially aggressive responses to visitors, it must be removed and securely confined when company is present to avoid injury. If redirected behavior is a component of the initial problem, it may be necessary to separate dogs to prevent fighting and injury if the problem dog encounters the stimulus. Owners should not reach for the dog when he is aggressively aroused to avoid injuries to them. If barking precedes the aggression, you might be able to stop the sequence of events and train the dog to settle with products that inhibit barking, such as the bark activated citronella collar or a handheld alarm . However, you must be present to immediately reinforce the quiet and settled behavior with a favored treat or reward.
"Punishment must be stopped because punishment tends to increase rather than decrease the anxiety and fear that may be underlying the behavior.
Another essential first step is to no longer allow territorial aggressive displays to continue. An effort should be made to prevent ongoing territorial displays either at windows or along fence lines. This might mean blocking visual access out windows by covering them up or preventing the dog from getting to them, and not allowing outdoor access unless the dog is wearing a leash and head collar and is actively supervised by an adult who is holding onto the dog's leash. Punishment must be stopped since punishment tends to increase rather than decrease the anxiety and fear that may be underlying the behavior.
Once your dog can settle on command, more specific training can occur. All the stimuli that provoke the territorial response should be identified and a response gradient determined. That is, at what distance is the territorial response noted, and how does the response vary with changing distance (approaching and retreating)? Using a desensitization and counter-conditioning program (see Desensitization and Counter-Conditioning and Implementing Desensitization and Counter-Conditioning – Setting Up for Success), you can begin retraining with low levels of stimuli. For territorial aggression, low-level stimuli may include people arriving in a car, walking past the front of the house, or perhaps even a family member knocking on the door or ringing the bell. The idea is that each time someone arrives at the house or rings the bell, the dog will come to expect a favored reward (toy, cheese, hot dog slice, or play session). Once the dog can be controlled and receives rewards in this environment, gradually more intense stimuli can be used.
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3 Ways to Supercharge Your Children's Bedtime Stories With More Wildlife
By Grant LaRouche, National Wildlife Federation
It waits in the dark, beady-eyed and skulking under the shadow of a flat river rock. Wrinkled, murky gray-green-brown, the beast oozes slime in the shallows, ready to lunge at an unsuspecting five-year old's fingers … ready to make bedtime stories interesting again for me.
"The Eastern hellbender." Photo by U.S. Department of Agriculture
Tired of poky little puppies and giving a mouse a cookie? Try these three steps to put down the well-trod books, and find your inner bedtime storyteller:
1. Find Your Inner Animal
Every story follows a similar path: a setting, characters (including a hero), a conflict, and a resolution. But, oh dear teller, how do you fill in those blanks?
Start with a real animal to capture your child's imagination.
For me, the story of the eastern hellbender is told late at night when my son should already be asleep. Sometimes as a Teenage Mutant Ninja Allegheny Alligator, transformed by mutagen from West Virginia's chemical industry. Sometimes it's the snot otter, whose super snot makes him invincible against bad guys (and gross enough to keep a five-year-old enthralled). And sometimes it's the devil dog, wild, magical, antihero friend to a five-year-old.
Growing to over two feet long, the hellbender looks like a cross between a lizard, a fish, and an eel – although it is actually a giant of a salamander. Lore says they possess a venomous bite and are killers of game fish, but the truth is that they are largely harmless to humans. As predators, they mostly just catch crayfish (don't tell my son).
Need help finding your main character? Visit NWF's Wildlife Library to find the right animal for your bedtime story.
"Hellbender at the National Zoo" Photo by Brian Gratwicke via Flickr Creative Commons
2. Base Your Story in Your Child's Reality
The first time I told a story about the hellbender and his ninja friend, my son asked if the ninja boy was him. I hadn't thought to say yes, but why not? To get wrapped up in a story, a young child needs to feel like they are part of the story. Let your child drive the plot and create other characters in order to get them more invested.
What does the villain look like? What are their super powers? Is the villain made of whipped cream with a magical maraschino cherry mind control hat? Sure, why not? Your child can unlock all those answers for you.
Setting up a story that grabs your child's imagination is critical, but don't forget to keep your own interest. For me, the mysterious hellbender is just the type of beast to stoke the imaginations of father and son. And like many wondrous things, the hellbender is in trouble.
"Hellbender in hand" Photo by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region
Because the hellbender breathes entirely through its skin and absorbs pollutants in the water, many are getting sick. Many of the states that the hellbender populates, such as West Virginia, are known for a legacy of mining, gas drilling, coal-burning power plants and chemical production. Water quality has suffered due to these extractive industries and is compounded by alterations to habitat due to dams, foresting, and development, and in turn species such as the hellbender pay the price. The hellbender population dropped so drastically that it was named is a Federal Species of Concern.
3. Create a Happy Ending
Finishing a story can be daunting, but remember that fairy tales have happy endings. The hellbender remains a go-to story for me because it has people out there working to for a real happy ending. This year I was able to show my son the West Virginia ninjas working behind the scenes for the hellbender by bringing my family to the Rivers Coalition's 25th Anniversary celebration in Canaan Valley State Park.
NWF Photo Grant LaRouche
The first statewide river advocacy group east of the Rockies. West Virginia Rivers Coalition, National Wildlife Federation's Affiliate in West Virginia, speaks for thousands of people – and hellbenders – who care about rivers and clean water. They advocate for clean water on the state and federal level, and work with groups on the ground to monitor water quality and educate the public. Their 25th anniversary brought together many of the anglers, paddlers, and clean water advocates who have made the organization what it is today.
Thanks to West Virginia Rivers Coalition and their friends, the waters that the hellbender needs to survive are a bit cleaner and looking better every day – so the hellbender will continue to be a key part of my son's bedtime stories.
What wildlife are you going to use in your next bedtime story? Share your ideas with us in a comment below!


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cFine
Preserving dignity looks like it is being built into the design Scotland's new social security system. It's also the phrase that was at the heart of work undertaken by the Poverty Truth Commission and Nourish Scotland on the community provision of food. Consideration of how something might impact on a person's dignity, could really transform the way we think about the delivery of public services. Here's a great example of a community project in Aberdeen which tackles food poverty but always with a keen eye on preserving the dignity of those they serve.
A basket full of high-quality food for £2.50 may seem too good to be true – but that's now the reality for shoppers at Scotland's first food pantry.
The Woodside Pantry in Aberdeen provides people living in one of the city's most disadvantaged areas a way to shop for a lot less.
It is an innovative, community-run project. The aim is to combat food poverty, and it has been hailed as a sustainable alternative to food bank use.
"I can get some really good healthy food at a very reasonable price"
For a small weekly charge, members get access to food donated by supermarkets and a local charity. Clare Whyte, one of the workers at the community centre where the pantry is based, told BBC Scotland's The Nine: "Food banks are not a long-term solution. It's an emergency food service, really.
"This could be a way to reduce food waste which is massive and a huge issue as we know and also tackle food poverty at the same time.
Food parcels from food banks are often only available to people who have been referred by frontline professionals like GPs or advice agencies. But membership of the Woodside Pantry was initially open to anyone living in the immediate area around the Fersands and Fountain Community Centre, where the project is based. It proved so popular that the catchment area has now been widened and the membership cap extended. Almost half of the people using the service receive benefits or Jobseeker's Allowance. A quarter of the users are single parents. There are now 83 households with membership to the pantry, and more than 200 local residents – including children – are directly benefitting.
"I can get some very good, healthy food at a very reasonable price," said Margaret Aisbitt, who was one of the first to sign up. Read the rest of this entry »
This entry was posted in Local Blog and tagged cFine, community, Community Health, Connecting People, food pantry, Health, health improvement, healthy lifestyles, Support, Volunteering.
Legislation has been officially lodged at the Scottish Parliament to ensure free access to sanitary products for all women. Labour MSP Monica Lennon said her member's bill aimed to make Scotland a "world leader" in tackling period poverty. It would make it a statutory requirement for schools, colleges and universities to provide such items. The Scottish government has pledged £4m to boost provision in public buildings.
Here in K & M, we were fortunate to have Christine McLean along to a Welfare & Wellbeing Network meeting from CFine to discuss her work on period poverty. In a nutshell, 'Period poverty' refers to having a lack of access to sanitary products due to financial constraints. Something that many of us are lucky enough to probably take for granted.
The Scottish Government asked CFINE to operate and coordinate a pilot scheme for six months in 2017-18 through which sanitary products were made available free to all those on low incomes who need them, including any gender categories in need.
Access to Sanitary Products pilot operated in Aberdeen's regeneration areas through partner organisations. A wide range of community and voluntary organisations supported the pilot, along with the local authority and educational institutions including; schools, colleges and universities.
It has ended in a huge success with over 1,000 people signing up to receive sanitary products. As a result of the success, The Scottish Government has allocated funding to roll-out the distribution of free sanitary products to those in need widely across Scotland, including Aberdeen via the FareShare network.
So, how does this impact in K & M?
What Christine hopes to do is to extend this service into Aberdeenshire. To enable this to happen, a hub for delivery of bulk pallets of the sanitary products needs to be identified which could serve a wider area. For example, in K & M there would be one main hub which would then distribute more widely over the area. Further distribution could be by groups picking up products for a specific settlement and then delivering to all outlets, or encouraging others to collect them. A record is kept of numbers of products distributed to provide tangible evidence of the need for this service and service continuance.
Think you can help out? Get in touch and we will pass on your ideas.
This entry was posted in Local Blog and tagged Aberdeenshire, cFine, inclusion, Period Poverty, Support, wellbeing, `.
Community Food Initiatives North East (CFINE)
Improving Health and Well-Being: Business for Community Benefit
CFINE is looking to recruit an effective and efficient administrator
Post: Finance and Produce Administrator
Salary: £9 – £10.50 per hour depending on experience and qualifications.
Hours: 30/week.
Support and supervision of colleagues (3 at this time)
Pricing and invoicing
Recording data for cost collations
Cash handling, reconciliations and banking
Stocktakes of produce
Ordering produce for customer orders
Cost comparisons and price negotiations with suppliers
Dealing with any customer complaints
Filing and organisation of the sales and finance paperwork
Other administrative duties as required, including emails, answering the telephone and taking customer orders
For more information to receive the job description which includes how to apply and further information, please contact CFINE on 01224 596156/ info@cfine.org
Closing date for applications: 5pm, Friday, 13/1/17.
Interviews will be on: PM Monday, 16/1/17.
Tackling Poverty: Building Resilience
This entry was posted in Local Blog and tagged Aberdeenshire, cFine, job opportunity.
Join our supporters today and sign up for our
Community Food Challenge 17th – 21st October 2016
Survive on £2 per day for five days
Raise funds through sponsorship
Help fight local food poverty
Only £10 registration fee
Contact Andreea to register your support and receive your detailed
information pack. Email info@cfine.org or call 01224 596156
All funds raised through Appetite for Change will go directly towards local
charity CFINE (Community Food Initiatives North East) to tackle poverty,
food poverty and improve the circumstances of local vulnerable and
disadvantaged people. The charity also works towards reducing waste,
and environmental and community regeneration.
SC 037833 www.cfine.org 01224 596156 #fightfoodpoverty
This entry was posted in Local Blog and tagged Aberdeenshire, cFine, Community Health, food poverty, Health, health improvement, healthy lifestyles, poverty, wellbeing.


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Restorationism in the Holiness Movement in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
Author: Ware, Steven L.
In her 1917 sermon Lost and Restored, pentecostal evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson claimed that God had given her a vision showing the fall of the Christian Church from its original purity and the gradual restoration of that original purity in successive stages. Using the prophetic images of agricultural blight and recovery in Joel chapter two, she detailed the fall of the church after the apostolic age to its complete corruption in the Middle Ages. Then, beginning with the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century, she described the church's gradual restoration to purity and power with the influence of the Reformers, continuing through Wesley and the holiness movement, and culminating with the Pentecostal movement of her own lifetime. Whatever one may make of her claim to divine inspiration, a close comparison of McPherson's statements alongside those of the leaders of the holiness movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries reveals ample precedent for her statements among leaders of the holiness movement.
Despite the example of such well-known leaders as McPherson, however, the many and varied manifestations of restorationism in American churches and religious movements have been generally neglected as a theme in American religious history, and have begun to be investigated and analyzed only since the 1970s. Moreover, while some scholarly attention has been given in recent years to restorationistic themes in groups such as the Puritans, Baptists, Anabaptists, Disciples of Christ, Churches of Christ, Methodists, and Pentecostals, little attention has been given to the prevalence of restorationistic themes in the holiness movement, and the significant contributions of holiness leaders toward the further prevalence of these themes in early pentecostalism.
This work focuses on the restorationist consciousness which was apparent among holiness groups during the decades of their primary theological and ecclesiastical formation, roughly the period 1880-1920. More specifically, it focuses on the restorationism prevalent among the more radical sectors of the movement—among those "come-outers" and "put-outers" who left the churches of their upbringing and became early leaders in the new, specifically holiness church bodies.
"This book is important for at least two reasons. First, it provides further evidence concerning the significance of restorationism as an important force in the evolution of American Protestant theology and denominationalism. The volume makes a constructive and valuable contribution to the growing body of literature which seeks to show the goal of many American Protestants to model their spirituality, theology, and ecclesiology on what they believe to be the church of New Testament times. Second, the book takes its place among the most noteworthy historical studies of the holiness movement which is increasingly recognized for its role in American religious life ... This book explores the important theme of restorationism as one of the primary factors in the origin and development of the holiness movement and the churches which were given birth by it. The author shows clearly and persuasively how restorationism was a formative influence among the movement's most important radical leaders, including Phineas Bresee, John Brooks, Martin Wells Knapp, Henry Clay Morrison, Herbert M. Riggle, Albert B. Simpson, and Daniel S. Warner." -(From the Commendatory Preface)Professor Charles Yrigoyen, Jr.,Drew University
"Dr. Ware has written a fine study on a little known segment of an important element of American Protestanism. His work rests on good scholarship and a command of most of the primary sources important to his argument ... I admire this work and believe it can make a significant contribution to the scholarly study of the holiness and Pentecostal movements." - Professor Merle D. Strege, Anderson University
Taking Another Look at Restorationism
What is Restorationism?
A History of Scholarship
The Church of God
Chapter One "Thank God We Have Reached That Time": Restorationism and the Radical Holiness Movement
Chapter Two "Brighter Days are Dawning": Eschatological Awareness Among Early Radical Holiness Leaders
Chapter Three "Judgment Begins in the House of God": The Great Apostasy and the Restoration of the New Testament Church in the Minds of Radical Holiness Leaders
Chapter Four "I Feel the Glowing Fire": Experientialism in the Early Radical Holiness Movement
Chapter Five "The Holy Spirit Gave Me This Scripture": Biblicism in the Early Holiness Movement
Chapter Six "God's Time-Piece Has Reached the Dispensational Hour": The Pre-History and Post-History of Radical Holiness Restorationism
Chapter Seven Concluding Thoughts and Observations
Daniel S. Warner and Albert B. Simpson, Revisited
Other Christianity: All Topics Books
1996 - Symbols and Language in Sacred Christian Architecture
1991 - Afro-Christian Religion at the Grassroots in South Africa
1993 - La Nostalgie du Désert the Eremitical Ideal in Castile During the Golden Age
>> See all our Christianity: All Topics books


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Festivals and Special Events on Florida's Historic Coast
October 27, 2018 October 27, 2018 Cheryl MacDonald
Festivals, parades, seasonal celebrations – Florida's Historic Coast has an annual calendar chock full of events that appeal to a wide variety of interests. The following are just a sampling of some of the most popular events in St. Augustine, Ponte Vedra and The Beaches.
First Friday Art Walk
From 5 – 9 p.m. on the first Friday of every month, new exhibits, music, entertainment and refreshments are featured at over 20 galleries in St. Augustine. A complimentary shuttle service to most galleries is provided by St. Augustine Sightseeing Trains and Old Town Trolleys from the San Sebastian Winery.
Uptown Saturday Night
From 5 – 9 p.m. on the last Saturday of each month, experience live music, refreshments, shopping and much more on St. Augustine's San Marco Ave., between Ripley's Museum and the Mission Nombre de Dios.
Matanzas 5000 5K & Fun Run
One of Florida's fastest 5K races on a scenic USATF-certified course.www.matanzas5k.com
St. Augustine Film Festival
Presented by Flagler College, the St. Augustine Film Festival presents more than 20 outstanding films with filmmakers' panel discussions. www.fliff.com/st._augustine
Arts and Crafts Festival at St. Augustine Beach Pier
A festive atmosphere features fine art & crafts and live music at the St. Augustine Beach Pier Park. Admission is free. www.tnteventsinc.com
Searle's Sack of St. Augustine
This authentic re-enactment portrays Captain Robert Searle's 1668 attack on St. Augustine to loot the silver ingots held in the royal coffers. The re-enactment includes a Raider's encampment at the Fountain of Youth Archeological Park and an evening attack at the city's Plaza de La Constitucion. www.Searlesbucs.com
Celtic Music and Heritage Festival
A St. Patrick's Day Parade, traditional Irish music, Scottish pipes and drums, and contemporary Celtic Rock in celebration of St. Augustine's Celtic history dating back to 1565! Located at Francis Field. www.celticstaugustine.com
Rhythm & Ribs Festival
Non-stop music featuring popular performers and award-winning barbecue all weekend long at St. Augustine's Francis Field. www.rhythmandribs.net
Blessing of the Fleet
This annual event has watercraft from trawlers, yachts, sailboats and motor craft all decorated to receive a blessing from the Bi
shop of the Diocese of St. Augustine at the St. Augustine Municipal Marina. www.sayc2000.com.
St. Augustine's Easter Parade
Features marching bands, floats, drill teams, the Easter Bunny, and the St. Augustine Royal Family with the city's carriage horses wearing special hand-made bonnets. The parade winds through downtown St. Augustine.
A Taste of St. Augustine
This signature food festival at the St. Augustine Amphitheatre serves up "tastes" from over 20 local restaurants competing for the prestigious TOStA (Taste of St. Augustine) awards, as well as the "People's Choice". www.epicbh.org/tasteofstaugustine.html
Florida's Birding & Photo Fest
Experience northeast Florida's abundant bird and wild life while enhancing your photography skills at more than 110 photography workshops, classroom sessions and special events. www.FloridasHistoricCoast.com/bird_festival
THE PLAYERS Championship
Come see your favorite golf pros compete at the world-famous PLAYERS Stadium Course at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach. Recognized by PGA TOUR members as "their" championship tournament, THE PLAYERS features one of the most coveted titles in professional golf, the strongest field of competitors and the richest purse. www.pgatour.com
MID-MAY THROUGH SEPTEMBER
Music by The Sea Concert Series
Every Wednesday evening through September, a free live concert takes place from 7-9 p.m. at the St. Augustine Beach Pier Pavilion, 350 A1A Beach Blvd. www.thecivicassociation.org
MEMORIAL DAY THROUGH LABOR DAY
Concerts in the Plaza
Throughout the summer months, every Thursday evening a free live concert takes place from 7-9 p.m. in St. Augustine's historic Plaza de la Constitucion. www.plazaconcerts.com
Drake's Raid
The English corsair Sir Francis Drake and his raiders return to St. Augustine in an authentic recreation of the 1586 sack of the city. www.DrakesRaid.com
Battle of Bloody Mose
This annual re-enactment of the June 26, 1740, Battle of Bloody Mose, a pivotal battle between the British and the Spanish militia composed of former British slaves granted freedom by the Spanish. www.floridastateparks.org/fortmose
July 3 – World Golf Village Fireworks
World Golf Village celebrates Independence Day with its annual Community Fireworks—one of the largest displays in Northeast Florida. World Golf Village is located off I-95 Exit 323, St. Augustine. www.WorldGolfHallofFame.org
July 4 – St. Augustine Fireworks and Concert
The All Star Orchestra performs in the Plaza de la Constitucion then one of the largest fireworks displays on the East Coast bursts above the ancient Castillo de San Marcos and reflects in the waters of Matanzas Bay.
Ancient City Kingfish Challenge
This exciting competition offers cash and prizes for the biggest catch. This annual tournament takes place from the St. Augustine City Marina on the Bayfront. www.acgfa.com
St. Augustine Founder's Day Celebration
Dozens of authentic re-enactors portray the 1565 founding of St. Augustine by Pedro Menendez de Aviles and his Spanish colonists. Colorful ceremonies and presentations, including the landing of Menendez, are followed by a special mass at St. Augustine's Mission Nombre De Dios' outdoor altar. www.floridalivinghistory.org
Florida Heritage Book Festival
Florida's rich and colorful literary heritage is celebrated at a series of workshops, presentations and readings. Meet award-winning authors, fellow book lovers and publishing professionals. www.fhbookfest.com
St. Augustine Spanish Wine Festival
The oldest city's Spanish culinary heritage is celebrated with this festival that features the very best in Spanish foods and wines. The Festival offers a variety of special events at various venues and restaurants as well as a Grand Wine Tasting and the Vino Battalla. www.SpanishWineFestival.com
Greek music, dance and food set in a virtual Greek village at St. Augustine's Francis Field. Greek dancers and performers are featured along with an authentic Agora market, Cafenio, Taverna, Kids Center and much more. www.stauggreekfest.com
St. Augustine Independent Restaurant Association (SAiRA) Food & Wine Fest
A popular food and wine sampling from 17 area restaurants at The River House from noon to 4 p.m. Proceeds benefit the Boys and Girls Club. www.StAugustineRestaurants.com
A Taste of the Beach
Annual 'taste-fest' with the crowd and judges selecting the "Best of the Beach" restaurant. Admission is free and taste tickets sell for $1 each. Noon – 5 p.m. at St. Augustine Beach Pier Pavilion. http://www.thecivicassociation.org
Great St. Augustine Chowder Debate
More than 30 area restaurants compete for top honors in this tasty fundraiser for Shriners Children's Hospitals. Tastes are $1 each and winners will be selected in New England, Minorcan, conch and/or seafood categories. www.conch-house.com
Pirate Gathering
Three days of pirate fun and history in the nation's oldest city! Enjoy historic exhibits, living history demonstrations, a privateer parade and pirate battles. www.pirategathering.com
St. Augustine Half Marathon
Put on your running shoes for a foot-race that suits your running level. 10K Run, Family 5K Run and the St Augustine's Kids Race and a Half Marathon. Each race starts and ends at Francis Field.
Fall Arts and Crafts Festival
More than 150 artists from around the USA are juried into this Thanksgiving weekend art festival at Francis Field. www.staugustineartfestival.com
MID-NOVEMBER THROUGH JANUARY 31
Nights of Lights
Selected by National Geographic Traveler as one of the ten best holiday lighting displays in the world, St. Augustine glows with more than 3 million white lights. The Nights of Lights spectacular lighting display reflects the city's 450-year history. www.NightsofLights.com
St. Augustine Christmas Parade
St. Augustine's Annual Christmas Parade, the largest in North Florida, includes floats, marching bands, horses and the arrival of Santa. The parade marches through historic downtown St. Augustine.
Garden Club Christmas Tour of Homes
This annual tour showcases holiday decorations at a selection of St. Augustine's most outstanding private homes. Enjoy a taste of nostalgia in the colorful decorations hand crafted by members of The Garden Club of St. Augustine.
Regatta of Lights
Brilliantly lighted boats glide through St. Augustine's Matanzas Bay between the Bridge of Lions and Castillo de San Marcos during this annual holiday parade of sailboats, trawlers, shrimp boats and other vessels. Hosted by the St. Augustine Yacht Club. www.staugustineyachtclub.com
Bed and Breakfast Holiday Tour "Christmas Around the World"
This annual Christmas tour features 24 inns throughout historic St. Augustine. Each inn is paired with a distinguished St. Augustine restaurant offering savory nibbles, sweet treats and other refreshments. www.staugustinebandbtour.com
Beach Blast-Off
Kick off the New Year in seaside style at this St. Augustine Beach event! Enjoy fireworks and food at the Fire and Ice Chili Cook-off. www.sabevents.com
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The team at Lebowskis are attempting to track down the owner and have a fitting temporary name for this cool Dude.
Staff at Lebowskis West in Finnieston are looking for help tracing the owner of a dog who wandered into their bar this afternoon.
The staff were surprised when the pooch wandered into the pub on Argyle Street this afternoon, unaccompanied and wearing her lead and collar.
With no sign of the owner, the team at the dog-friendly bar welcomed her in and gave her a drink - of water of course.
Now they are trying to track down the offer and, with the bar named after the Coen Brothers' classic movie, have picked a fitting, albeit temporary name.
"We're calling her Jeff Bridges," a member of the Lebowski's team told Glasgow Live. "We're holding on to her at the moment. She's out just now, sitting in the beer garden with a group of ladies.
"It would be great if people could help track down the owner and if anyone does recognise her, please get in touch.
"And if you are the owner and are looking for her, please pop in. If she's not here at the time one of us will be taking her for a wee walk in Kelvingrove Park."
If you do know the pooch in question please contact the team at Lebowski's on Facebook here or call 0141 564 7988.
Jeff will be well looked after in the meantime and don't worry - they are keeping her off the White Russians.


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No one is laughing at Zinchenko now! Arsenal's inverted left-back playing a pivotal role in title charge
Charles Watts
8:00 PM SGT 25/1/23
Some of his own team-mates scoffed when he said the Gunners could win the league but the Ukrainian has been proven right about their potential.
Oleksandr Zinchenko knows exactly what it takes to win the Premier League.
So, when he arrived at Arsenal from Manchester City last summer, it didn't take him long to realise that Mikel Arteta had put together a squad that could mount a serious title charge.
"I realised we have everything to achieve big things," he said. "I started to speak in the dressing room, 'Guys, forget top three or whatever, we need to think about the title.'
"Some of them were laughing, but no one is laughing now."
Zinchenko has been a revelation at Arsenal.
While the immediate impact of Gabriel Jesus may have captured most of the headlines earlier in the season, Zinchenko's influence is now beginning to become just as clear.
He was magnificent in the north London derby win at Spurs and then put in an equally impressive, if not better, display in the dramatic success against Manchester United on Sunday.
Goalscorers Bukayo Saka and Eddie Nketiah understandably received most of the post-match plaudits during the television coverage, but it was Zinchenko whom Arsenal fans voted as their man of the match.
And given the level of his all-round excellence, few could argue with that result.
🥇Our Player of the Match yesterday?
🔋Energy. Commitment. Quality.
🤩 ALEX ZINCHENKO pic.twitter.com/ocJQWBGJV9
Zinchenko was exceptional and constantly drove the team on.
When the winning goal did come in the last minute, it was no surprise that it came from the Ukrainian bombing down the left and crossing the ball in.
"The football from Arsenal through midfield and the movement and the role of Zinchenko was absolutely world class," Sky Sports pundit Jamie Carragher said on Monday Night Football.
That is the level that the four-time Premier League winneris now operating at.
In the two games against Spurs and United, Zinchenko totalled 178 touches – more than any other Arsenal player.
He also made the most passes (136), won the most duels (14) and the most aerial duels (6).
Of all the Arsenal players on show, only Martin Odegaard (12) played more passes than his 10 into the opposition box and only William Saliba (46) made more than his 45 forward passes.
Zinchenko also finished the two games with a 100 percent take-on success rate and did not let a single player successfully dribble past him.
Not bad for a left-back!
But the thing is with Zinchenko, he is a left-back in name only.
Arsenal may set up in a fairly straight forward 4-3-3 formation, but as soon as they have possession and start to move forward, Zinchenko moves inside to create an overload in midfield.
Gabriel Martinelli hugs the touchline and that allows the 26-year-old to play the inverted full-back role that Arteta demands of him, with Gabriel Magalhaes drifting across to cover the space he has vacated defensively.
"What he does is he brings in an extra man there," Arsenal legend Ian Wright said while praising Zinchenko following Sunday's 3-2 win.
"He plays on the left side but before you know it, he is the centre forward. He brings so much from the left-back spot and the midfield.
"He's our best passer into the final third. He can't really be picked out because people don't know how to pick him out."
Arteta knew all about Zinchenko when he decided to bring him in from City in the summer.
Having worked with him during his time as Pep Guardiola's assistant, he was well aware of what he was getting.
He was, of course, signing a four-time Premier League winner, but he was also signing a leader – someone who could come in and make an immediate impression on the pitch, but off it as well.
Zinchenko is relishing that responsibility and is constantly telling his team-mates exactly what it will take if they are to continue to set the pace ahead of City.
@goalglobal
why manchester city will beat arsenal 👀 #mancity #arsenal #premierleague #football #futbol #soccer #fyp
♬ original sound - GOAL
"It's about desire," he said. "In modern football now, with two top teams playing each other, everyone is fast, everyone has technique, everyone knows what they need to do on the pitch.
"But it's something a bit more. It's to be in front of your opponent, it's about reading the game quicker than your opponent. That's the key."
Zinchenko is everything to Arsenal right now.
On the pitch, he's a crucial cog in Arteta's winning machine and, off it, he's a leader who is hell bent on using his experience to haul Arsenal to their first title in 19 years.
Some of his team-mates may have scoffed at him when he dared to suggest adding another Premier League winners' medal to his collection a few months ago.
But, in his own words: "No one is laughing now."


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Q: Hexo blog build error and the chic theme could not be found When I push my hexo blog to GitHub, it doesn't work.
When I check the build message, the build with Jekyll show github-pages
227|Error: The chic theme could not be found

Of course, my blog contains the chic theme.
Some messages about my blog:

*

*I use Travis CI to build my blog, and my blog files save on hexo branch, the Travis CI builds blog files on the master branch.

*my blog link:https://github.com/plusmultiply0/plusmultiply0.github.io
I have searched the Internet to find the solution, but get no, for example, not with remote_theme. Could you help me?
I hope someone could help me solve the problem and help the blog build successfully.

A: Thanks to good person in v2ex,I found the solution to my problem.
You can add a empty file named .nojekyll to your repo, and everything will be ok.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


90% of corporate networks are vulnerable!
Discussion in 'other security issues & news' started by Technodrome, Sep 11, 2002.
The true picture of the hacking problem has allegedly been revealed this week by another study. It claims that as many as 90% of corporate networks are, essentially, gaping vulnerabilities as far as companies are concerned. The report does, however, come with its own in-built caveat - it's from a security firm.
The study this time has come from little known PanSec, a Birmingham, UK, based firm that specialises in Managed Vulnerability Assesment. Those are solutions that aim to prevent hackers getting into the network, so now you understand the impetus for the study. It's easy to be cynical about these things of course, but it does still point to some interesting findings.
The whole basis of the report is a study that PanSec undertook in July of this year where it analysed more than 4,000 IP addresses from companies that volunteered for the study. We're not clear how many companies that included but PanSec claims it found that 92% of these networks were seriously vulnerable to a hacker assault.
Interestingly, and this is the stuff that you should take away with you incidentally, the majority of the problems it found were based around mismanagement. The majority of the vulnerabilities the firm discovered were caused by plain and simple misconfigurations - rather than a complete lack of security awareness.
That's a interesting twist on the usual findings of studies, that typically point out that a firm needs to spend millions on security hardware. In this case, the study suggests that companies need to spend money on monitoring services to help it identify problem areas. But there's an easier solution, or at least a work around that will minimise the need for this. Good management.
It's certainly true that once a network has, shall we say, evolved - by which we mean fallen into disarray - monitoring tools are indeed a good bet to identify vulnerabilities. No argument there. However, this should be a 'once every few years' kind of exercise if security is taken seriously. Companies need to give their network manager the time and resource needed to carefully and adequately document security procedures, policies and processes - and then implement them.
It sounds easy, admittedly, and given the right encouragement, it can be. But this is still where companies fail in their efforts. They need to get the policies and procedures right, risk analysis in place, checks, double checks and sign-off procedures. Once that's nailed the rest pretty much falls into place.
"Companies need to give their network manager the time and resource needed to carefully and adequately document security procedures, policies and processes".


One day I decided to quit my job, relationship, spirituality, and my life.
But I decided to have one last conversation with God.
And the fern sprouted quickly from the earth. It's brilliant green covering the soil.
The following year, the fern grew more vibrant and plentiful and again, nothing came from the bamboo seed.
In the year after, there was still nothing from the bamboo seed.
By the fourth year, there was still nothing from the bamboo seed.
But I still wouldn't quit.
Then in the fifth year, a tiny sprout emerged from the earth and compared to the fern it seemed small and insignificant.
But half a year later, the bamboo rose to over a hundred feet.
"How high will the bamboo rise?" The Lord asked in return.
I left the forest with this story and I hope that these words can help you realize that God will never giver up on you.
Remember, "Don't tell the Lord how big the problem is, tell the problem how Great the Lord is!
Now…what will you do with this message?
Understanding Your Child: "What steps to take when your child refuses to go to school?" My Official Facebook Page is here!


Two Men in My Life digital sheet music. Contains printable sheet music plus an interactive, downloadable digital sheet music file.
There are two men in my life him and you.
The Arrangement Details Tab gives you detailed information about this particular arrangement of Two Men in My Life - not necessarily the song.
There are no reviews written for Two Men in My Life.


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February 2012 Connecting to the Grid Newsletter
WHAT'S NEW AS OF FEBRUARY 2012? Note from the Editor When I'm feeling especially creative, I like to cook without the assistance of recipes. Some meals turn out surprisingly tasty; others (especially my "innovative" baking endeavors) do not. Solar policy development is like baking, you really should follow a recipe if you want it…
WHAT'S NEW AS OF FEBRUARY 2012?
When I'm feeling especially creative, I like to cook without the assistance of recipes. Some meals turn out surprisingly tasty; others (especially my "innovative" baking endeavors) do not. Solar policy development is like baking, you really should follow a recipe if you want it to turn out right. The reason is simple: the ingredients needed to build a "clean energy economy" are so interdependent that they should be added in the right amounts and combinations. Ideally, they would all follow a predetermined best-practices approach, more or less, to maximize their effectiveness.
Historically, states have had jurisdiction over distributed generation (DG) policies, because they generally have jurisdiction over their distribution lines. Up until fairly recently, these state policies have been created on a somewhat piecemeal and sporadic basis, leading to 50 completely different sets of DG policies. Now that we're in the midst of a renewable renaissance, you might say, it's increasingly important that we collectively develop a more standardized approach to policy adoption, in order to foster equity and efficiency in the market. Non-hardware or "balance-of-system" costs, like those associated with inefficient administrative processes, make up about half the price on a solar installation. So, streamlining these processes can really make an enormous difference for the expansion of the solar industry going forward. One recent report estimated that by streamlining interconnection, permitting and related costs, we could see a reduction of 44% or more in these non-hardware costs.
[Continued in Newsletter]
State News in Detail
Northeast States
Massachusetts DPU establishes DG working group
New York PSC solicits comments on sub-metering
Mid-Atlantic States
PJM works on net metering and interconnection issues
Midwestern States
Kansas town upgrades to net metering
Correction: Wisconsin has a calendar year true-up for net metering
Texas PUC begins work on third-party ownership and interconnection issues for distributed generation
California PUC strikes down network use charge for net metering
Idaho PUC rules that it has primary jurisdiction over wind power transactions
Washington UTC shows intent to modify interconnection procedures
Alaska RCA seeks input on renewable tariff modifications
Miscellaneous News
DOE Energy Storage Hub announced
NREL builds grid connection laboratory
Download the full newsletter as a PDF: February 2012 Connecting to the Grid Newsletter
While customer-sited net metering and interconnection policies are primarily addressed at the state level, they are also becoming important on a regional basis. This newsletter has been designed to provide state-level policy updates and capture emerging regional trends. Connecting to the Grid is a free, electronic newsletter published each month by the Interstate Renewable Energy Council, Inc. (IREC). Click here to subscribe.
Editor: Laurel Varnado
Laurel Passera
Laurel is a Senior Renewables Analyst for IREC attorneys Keyes, Fox & Wiedman, and engages in research and analysis of net metering and interconnection regulatory trends to support IREC's outreach and communication efforts. In 2009, Laurel was a Southeast Regional Network fellow for the Southeast Environmental Leadership Program and currently sits on Raleigh City Council's Environmental Advisory Board.


One of the newest marketing tools is wrapping Elevator Doors. Screen Art has done dozens of installations for large museums and company clients. We sent them across Canada for corporate head offices. Pricing is amazingly affordable and the vinyl products we use are removable and fairly easy to install.
The Newest ROM Feature Exhibition, Ultimate Dinosaurs opens tomorrow and is set to be a huge hit. In our slide show are graphics produced by Screen Art and set in the Gallery Space. Dinosaurs is simply the most awe inspiring show that we have worked on at the ROM in 25 years!


An oasis of stylish comfort, this all-suite hotel is just a stone's throw from Orlando's many theme parks and attractions.
Exclusive Theme Park Benefits. Universal's Loews Sapphire Falls Resort brings Caribbean-inspired relaxation and tropical elegance to Universal Orlando.
Set in the heart of Tampa Bay this hotel offers gorgeous bay views and easy access to popular attractions.
This hotel offers Disney's EXTRA MAGIC HOURS and is located directly across from Downtown Disney® in Lake Buena Vista.
A vacation paradise, this resort offers a multitude of activities and comfortable, family-friendly accommodations.
Set on 95 acres of beautifully manicured grounds, this hotel embraces the laid back Florida lifestyle.
This oceanfront hotel offers personalized comfort, generous complimentary amenities and impeccable service.
Located on a gleaming stretch of white sand, this resort promises upscale pleasures in a breathtaking setting.
This impressive resort overlooking lively Miami Beach welcomes guests with a gracious, contemporary spirit.
Refreshed and rejuvenated, this hotel offers luxuriously appointed guest rooms with a wealth of amenities.
This lush tropical paradise offers lavishly appointed accommodations close to Walt Disney World® Resort.
Sandcastle Resort at Lido Beach offers the perfect seaside setting of the 600-foot strand of pristine, natural white sand beach.
Located in heart of Central Florida's exciting attractions, this hotel features a wide range of comfortable accommodation options.
Ideally located near shopping, art galleries and one-of-a-kind restaurants, this hotel features a state-of-the-art rooftop pool with spectacular views.
This boutique resort, ideally located near golf and recreation, offers one- and two-bedroom suites with expansive views.
The DiamondHead Beach Resort and Spa offers distinctive all-suite accommodations in a spectacular beachfront setting overlooking the Gulf of Mexico.
Escape to Hollywood Beach Marriott and discover charming guest rooms, boutique-style amenities and easy access to the area's best attractions and activities.
This high-rise resort on Hollywood Beach offers a refreshing getaway with endless opportunities to relax and unwind.
This hotel exudes fresh, contemporary style, with vibrant colors that complement the natural beauty of its surroundings.
This oasis of contemporary luxury commands a stunning location bordering the Walt Disney World® Resort.
This beachfront Miami hotel offers stunning views, ideal location and amenities perfectly designed to ensure maximum comfort for every visitor.
Set amid 23 miles of gorgeous beaches, this oceanfront hotel is perfect for those love outdoor activities, shopping and cultural attractions.
Enjoy a distinctive vacation experience at this family-friendly resort featuring upscale accommodations and a water park.
Located at the entrance to Universal Orlando, this hotel features upgraded rooms with a wealth of amenities.
The Fountains at ChampionsGate is a community of townhomes with three- and four-bedroom villas with resort style community pools.
This beautiful resort offers breathtaking views of the Gulf of Mexico, Caloosahatchee River and Tarpon Point Marina.
This luxurious resorts features 582 well-appointed rooms, 11 exceptional dining options, full-service spa, fitness center, and an 18-hole golf course.
This hotel is offers the quintessential location for leisure travelers, with some of the city's best food, entertainment and activities just minutes away.
Set among lush tropical landscape, this all-suite hotel in Lake Buena Vista is just moments away from Florida's most popular attractions and theme parks.
This all-suite hotel is the perfect family retreat, just minutes away from the city's most popular theme parks and attractions.
Enjoya magical vacation at the gateway to the Walt Disney World® Theme Parks at this hotel in Disney Springs®.
Overlooking hundreds of acres of lakes and waterways, this magnificent resort allows guests to experience Florida in all of its natural splendor.
Centrally located between the beaches of St. Petersburg and Clearwater, this hotel offers convenient access to many nearby attractions.
This downtown hotspot in Miami is just steps away from the beach and features gorgeous ocean views right from your own private balcony.
Set in the heart of Miami, this luxury hotel is just moments away from cultural attractions, nightlife and sandy beaches.
This Sarasota hotel facing Lido Beach offers comfortable accommodations and a friendly staff on Florida's Gulf coast.
Exclusive Theme Park Benefits. Universal's Aventura Hotel, with commanding views of all three Universal Orlando Resort™ theme parks, is a perfectly priced escape where open, airy spaces and casual comfort meet sleek style.
Explore Fort Lauderdale and all its attractions from this lovely hotel near the entrance to Port Everglades.
A luxury destination inspired by the world-famous cuisine of Chef Nobu.
This upscale resort offers easy access to Orlando's world famous theme parks and attractions.
This resort also offers the family-focused amenities as well as easy access to Orlando's many attractions.
This family-friendly resort puts guests at the heart of Orlando's best shopping, dining and attractions.
This hotel is centrally located around the popular attractions of Orlando.
Exclusive Theme Park Benefits. Universal's first Value Hotel offers extra affordable vacations. A fun surf and beach theme creates a relaxed and easy vibe, and the spacious two-bedroom suites are perfect for families.
Set on a pristine stretch of powder-white beach this magnificent hotel embodies timeless style and impeccable Four Seasons service.
This soothing beachfront retreat is set on 300 tropical acres in Aventura, an exclusive enclave in North Miami Beach.
This full-service destination resort is located on 10.5 oceanfront acres of Marco Island's pristine white-sand beach overlooking the Gulf of Mexico.
This luxury barrier-island resort is set on a pristine stretch of coastline in northern Florida.
This resort-style hotel in Sarasota is just minutes from the spectacular white-sand beaches of the Gulf of Mexico.
Experience the signature sunset celebration at this luxury waterfront resort. There's fun for the entire family with Ritz-Kids® activities, Beach Club and Golf Club access.
Opening in the summer of 2020, this resort offers the cool, calm feeling of a coastal retreat.


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Allergen free & organic
Flavours & colours
Shelf-life extension
Dehydrated potato derivatives
Dietary fiber & Beta glucans
Food phosphates
hydrocolloids
Natural preservatives
Our overview
CW Pacific specialties
Glenn Santos
Glenn Santos is qualified with a Bachelor of Science major in Food Technology. He has extensive experience in the field of R&D, specifically new product development in the Food & Beverage market. He joined CW Pacific in 2021 as a Technical Sales Representative and has spent most of his career working for global companies in markets such as Asia, New Zealand and Australia.
For technical sales and product development projects in New South Wales, please contact Glenn, glenn@cwpacific.com.
Nathalie Zanet
Nathalie Zanet is qualified with a Masters for Business & Marketing. She joined the team in January 2018 and is the Sales Manager for Australia and New Zealand. Nathalie brings a wealth of experience to CW Pacific as she has worked in domestic and overseas markets.
For technical sales and innovation projects support in Australia & New Zealand please contact Nathalie, nathalie@cwpacific.com.
Azem Jeka
Azem Jeka is qualified with a Bachelor of Applied Science (Food Tech) focused in Food and Nutrition from RMIT and is skilled in Food & Beverage and Food Science. He joined CW Pacific in 2015 as a Technical Sales Representative and has over 17 years' experience in the fields of R&D, Quality Assurance, Product Management and Technical Sales.
For technical sales and innovation projects support in Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia, please contact Azem, azem@cwpacific.com.
© 2023 CWP
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We know that a strong workforce can only be achieved by building strong partnerships with our community, state and regional workforce organizations such as CareerSource Escarosa. CareerSource Escarosa helps both job providers and job seekers. Their training programs and business services team offer our industries many options to be successful in achieving regional workforce goals.
We believe that workforce development starts at a very early age. We partner with the Santa Rosa School District's Workforce Development department to help create the programs that will produce a highly skilled and trained workforce to meet the needs of our businesses.


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Carolina 'cue: A whole-hog guide to the history and legacy of Carolina barbecue sauces
Kate Williams
While we certainly don't mean to insult the great barbecue of Texas, Memphis and Kansas City, the Carolina region of the South holds the title for both the most traditional, and most regionally-specific styles and sauces. And nothing is more divisive in the Carolinas than barbecue sauce. Read on for a guide to the three key sauces of the region.
The technique of cooking whole animals low and slow over a flame — otherwise known as barbecue — is well-documented as a Native American cooking technique; however, the use of regionally specific sauces is a relatively modern phenomenon. It wasn't until commercialized barbecue stands and restaurants began opening up across the South in the early 20th century that those crucial differentiators packaged in squeeze bottles started to appear. Today, there is nowhere that these particular sauces are more important than in the Carolinas.
More:These savory barbecue baked beans should be on your dinner table this weekend
As food historian Robert Moss writes in his book, Barbecue: The History of an American Institution, regional barbecue specialties started to become codified during the turn of the 20th century. As more Americans began moving to cities, restaurants and food stands began popping up to help feed a more mobile workforce. For those in the barbecue business, it made good economic sense to cook and serve the livestock and produce that was cheapest and most readily available. And because at this time, refrigeration wasn't widely available, barbecue cooks needed to limit menus to that which could be cooked and sold within a short time frame. This meant that while 19th century barbecues tended toward large, rambling, potluck-style affairs, burgeoning barbecue restaurants stuck to a few simple specialties — one whole hog cooked per weekend and a couple of sides. These dishes and techniques became, over time, characteristic of that one restaurant or region. The sauces served alongside followed suit.
There are four distinct sauces (well, five, if you count the ketchup-mustard blend known as "rust gravy") served with barbecue throughout the Carolinas — vinegar and pepper, mustard, light tomato and heavy tomato — but it's really the first three that are most important to the region. We'll leave heavy tomato to Kansas City and call it a day.
Vinegar and Pepper
This tangy, spicy sauce most frequently seen at barbecue restaurants in Eastern Carolina and South Carolina's northern coast (or Pee Dee region) is the mostly closely akin to the first barbecue sauces and mops used by Native Americans. These early sauces — made most frequently from butter, vinegar, salt and pepper — were used to baste the whole animals cooked over pits for traditional barbecue. In the Caribbean, where colonizers recorded the first such evidence of barbecue cooking styles, meat was basted with both vinegar and spicy pepper. As early as 1700, Moss has found evidence of colonists and their enslaved African cooks doing the same; they'd use a salty, vinegary basting sauce to keep the meat moist as it cooks, but would serve it sans sauce.
More:A quick guide to the 8 most famous Southern barbecue styles
As barbecue became popular in the British colonies and, later, the United States, this same tangy, salty basting sauce was used fairly consistently. Early cookbooks, such as Lettice Bryan's Kentucky Housewife (1839) and Annabella Hill's Mrs. Hill's New Cook Book (1872), describe barbecue basted with this simple sauce and dressed very simply, with either lemon and butter (in the case of Bryan) or a little extra sauce (for Hill).
The earliest commercial pioneers of vinegar and pepper sauce were Adam Scott, of Goldsboro, and Bob Melton, of Rocky Mount. Both opened up in the decade after World War II, serving finely chopped whole hog barbecue dressed with a sauce made only from vinegar, salt and red and black pepper. These two men came to define the Eastern Carolina style and had lasting influence on the region. Scott's barbecue sauce is still sold today online and in grocery stores throughout the region, and Melton was named the "King of Southern barbecue" by life magazine in 1958. His restaurant remained open until 2005.
Light Tomato or Lexington-Style
The defining Piedmont and Western North Carolina-style barbecue sauce, which basically takes an Eastern-style sauce and adds just enough ketchup (or ketchup-like ingredients) for a little sweetness and body, came into use after the Heinz company began mass-producing what we today know of as American-style ketchup around the turn of the 20th century. Most writers and historians credit German influence for this sauce; German immigrants were influential in the region and preferred to cook with pork shoulders over whole hogs (another defining feature of Lexington-style barbecue), and they are said to have created the sauce to mimic the sweet and sour flavor of dishes from Germany.
This style of barbecue was commercialized in 1919, with the opening of two stands by Jess Swicegood and the two-man team of Sid Weaver and George Ridenhour, both in Lexington, North Carolina. This barbecue was, again, made entirely from pork shoulder, so it is a bit fattier and juicier than its Eastern counterparts. It is also typically much more coarsely chopped or even sliced, which may actually be a better explanation for the thicker sauce than anything else. Thin, vinegary sauces have a tendency to slough right off of large hunks of pulled or chopped pork; that little extra thickness from ketchup gives it just the body it needs to stay firmly in place on the pork. (But this is just one person's speculation!)
The most contentious of all the Carolina barbecue sauces, yellow mustard sauce is a hyper-regional mixture native to the midlands region of South Carolina. While today you can find it popping up in other places in the South (B's Cracklin' in Atlanta serves a peach-mustard sauce), it has historically been a central South Carolina thing, and that alone.
More:Grilled Quail with Mustard Barbecue Sauce
Its history isn't well-documented; some give credit, again, to German immigrants (pork and mustard!) while others claim it was the creation of the now-infamous Bessinger family. Regardless, it was Maurice Bessinger, a devout white supremacist, who first commercialized the sauce and was responsible for its popularity in the region.
By the late 1970s, it had spread from Newberry County (west of Columbia) east to Charleston, and north to Lake Marion and Lake Moultrie. Moss reports that he has found mustard sauce as far south as Jacksonville, Florida, and today, it's been slowly making its way further afield, but regardless of where you find it, mustard sauce is still neon yellow and tossed with chopped or pulled pork.
Whichever sauce is your preference, know that with every pulled pork sandwich, you're taking a big bite of Southern history.
More:Taste Test Alert: We tried 6 store-bought barbecue sauces and have a winner
More:Why chicken bog and purloo are so special to South Carolinians