text:
Q: Why is Django csrf_token permanent From the documentation, I found django use a permanent, not session based csrf cookie. But if I look at the source html of the web page in which a form locates, I can see the hidden input which means I can get csrf cookie. If the cookie is permanent, I can forge a POST request with the cookie. Is that it?

A: It is changed after login/logout. You can check it with JQuery by getting in from cookie:
document.cookie.match(/csrftoken=([\w]+)/)

And try to compare it after relogin.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The 'Kilted Killer' forced a surrender while outnumbered 23,000 to one
Blake Stilwell
Tommy Macpherson was known to his enemies as the "Kilted Killer." The Scotsman fought with the British 11 Commando during World War II, roaming the countryside with French Resistance fighters and causing so much havoc and damage that the Nazis put a 300,000 Franc bounty on his head.
No one ever collected.
Especially not any Nazis.
For a guy with a huge bounty on his head, you'd have never known it to look at Macpherson. He dressed in the same tartan kilt he would have worn back home in Edinburgh as he did killing Nazis in Operation Jedburgh. But just getting to Europe for the operation was a slog of its own. Macpherson was captured during a raid on Erwin Rommel's headquarters near Tobruk in 1941. He spent years making no fewer than seven escape attempts from POW camps across Italy, Germany, and occupied Poland. He was finally successful in 1943, escaping to England via Sweden. He immediately rejoined his commando unit, just in time for Operation Jedburgh.
The Jedburgh operators were going to parachute into occupied Europe and embark on a stream of sabotage and guerrilla attacks against the Nazi occupiers. Macpherson, knowing he would have to use the full force of his personality to take command of the resistance fighters, the Maquis, he chose to wear a full highland battle dress, including his Cameron tartan kilt. It worked.
Hell yeah it did.
(Imperial War Museum)
Macpherson and his squad immediately began cutting a path of destruction across The Netherlands, destroying bridges and killing or capturing any German troops and officers who came through that path. It was said that Macpherson and company managed to successfully conduct some kind of operation every day he was deployed in Western Europe. But his crowning achievement came in France in the days following the D-Day invasions, stopping the Das Reich Panzer Division in its tracks.
Coming from the Eastern Front, this SS Panzer division was particularly brutal. When Macpherson saw them for the first time, he saw at least 15,000 men and 200 tanks and other armored vehicles that he had to knock out of the war before they pushed the Allies back into the sea.
Russland, Appell der SS-Division "Das Reich"
(German War Archives)
Using plastic explosives, grenades dangling from trees, and one anti-tank mine, the British commando, and his Maquis unit managed to slow the Panzers down to a crawl. They chopped down trees at night, used hit and run attacks with their sten guns, and placed booby traps everywhere, anything they could to keep the Panzers away from the Allied landing for as long as possible. The effort worked, and it took the SS two weeks to cover what should have taken three days.
His biggest achievement came without firing a shot, however. He had to keep another Panzer division, some 23,000 men strong, from taking a vital bridge in the Loire Valley. He somehow managed a parlay with the opposing commander, meeting the command deep inside German-held territory. He told the Germans he could call on the RAF to destroy his entire column – which he couldn't do.
"My job was to convince the general that I had a brigade, tanks and artillery waiting on the other side of the river," Macpherson later said. "In truth, the only thing I could whistle up was Dixie, but he had no way of knowing that."
Macpherson was just 23 years old negotiating the surrender of a Panzer division.
The German looked at the young man in full highland battle dress and offered his surrender on the condition they could carry sidearms until they were met by the U.S. 83rd Infantry. Macpherson agreed, almost singlehandedly knocking an entire tank division out of the war, securing the Loire Bridgehead. He survived the war and continued his service in the British military. He died in 2014.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Return magic value, throw exception or return false on failure? I sometimes end up having to write a method or property for a class library for which it is not exceptional to have no real answer, but a failure. Something cannot be determined, is not available, not found, not currently possible or there is no more data available.
I think there are three possible solutions for such a relatively non-exceptional situation to indicate failure in C# 4:

*

*return a magic value that has no meaning otherwise (such as null and -1);

*throw an exception (e.g. KeyNotFoundException);

*return false and provide the actual return value in an out parameter, (such as Dictionary<,>.TryGetValue).

So the questions are: in which non-exceptional situation should I throw an exception? And if I should not throw: when is returning a magic value perferred above implementing a Try* method with an out parameter? (To me the out parameter seems dirty, and it is more work to use it properly.)
I'm looking for factual answers, such as answers involving design guidelines (I don't know any about Try* methods), usability (as I ask this for a class library), consistency with the BCL, and readability.

In the .NET Framework Base Class Library, all three methods are used:

*

*return a magic value that has no meaning otherwise:

*

*Collection<T>.IndexOf returns -1,

*StreamReader.Read returns -1,

*Math.Sqrt returns NaN,

*Hashtable.Item returns null;

*throw an exception:

*

*Dictionary<,>.Item throws KeyNotFoundException,

*Double.Parse throws FormatException; or

*return false and provide the actual return value in an out parameter:

*

*Dictionary<,>.TryGetValue,

*Double.TryParse.

Note that as Hashtable was created in the time when there were no generics in C#, it uses object and can therefore return null as a magic value. But with generics, exceptions are used in Dictionary<,>, and initially it didn't have TryGetValue. Apparently insights change.
Obviously, the Item-TryGetValue and Parse-TryParse duality is there for a reason, so I assume that throwing exceptions for non-exceptional failures is in C# 4 not done. However, the Try* methods didn't always exist, even when Dictionary<,>.Item existed.

A: I don't think that your examples are really equivalent. There are three distinct groups, each with it's own rationale for its behaviour.

*

*Magic value is a good option when there is an "until" condition such as StreamReader.Read or when there is a simple to use value that will never be a valid answer (-1 for IndexOf).

*Throw exception when the semantics of the function is that the caller is sure that it will work. In this case a non-existing key or a bad double format is truly exceptional.

*Use an out parameter and return a bool if the semantics is to probe if the operation is possible or not.

The examples you provide are perfectly clear for cases 2 and 3. For the magic values, it can be argued if this is a good design decision or not in all cases.
The NaN returned by Math.Sqrt is a special case - it follows the floating point standard.

A: You're trying to communicate to the user of the API what they have to do.  If you throw an exception, there's nothing forcing them to catch it, and only reading the documentation is going to let them know what all the possibilities are.  Personally I find it slow and tedious to dig into the documentation to find all the exceptions that a certain method might throw (even if it's in intellisense, I still have to copy them out manually).
A magic value still requires you to read the documentation, and possibly reference some const table to decode the value.  At least it doesn't have the overhead of an exception for what you call a non-exceptional occurrence.
That is why even though out parameters are sometimes frowned upon, I prefer that method, with the Try... syntax.  It's canonical .NET and C# syntax.  You're communicating to the user of the API that they have to check the return value before using the result.  You can also include a second out parameter with a helpful error message, which again helps with debugging.  That's why I vote for the Try... with out parameter solution.
Another option is to return a special "result" object, though I find this a lot more tedious:
interface IMyResult
{
    bool Success { get; }
    // Only access this if Success is true
    MyOtherClass Result { get; }
    // Only access this if Success is false
    string ErrorMessage { get; }
}

Then your function looks right because it only has input parameters and it only returns one thing.  It's just that the one thing it returns is kind of a tuple.
In fact, if you're into that kind of thing, you can use the new Tuple<> classes that were introduced in .NET 4.  Personally I don't like the fact that the meaning of each field is less explicit because I can't give Item1 and Item2 useful names.

A: Always prefer to throw an exception. It's got a uniform interface amongst all functions that could fail, and it indicates failure as noisily as possible- a very desirable property.
Note that Parse and TryParse aren't really the same thing apart from failure modes. The fact that TryParse can also return the value is somewhat orthogonal, really. Consider the situation where, for example, you're validating some input. You don't actually care what the value is, as long as it's valid. And there's nothing wrong with offering a kind of IsValidFor(arguments) function. But it can never be the primary mode of operation.

A: As others have noted, the magic value (including a boolean return value) is not that great a solution, except as an "end-of-range" marker. Reason: The semantics are not explicit, even if you examine the methods of the object. You have to actually read the full documentation for the entire object right down to "oh yeah, if it returns -42 that means bla bla bla".
This solution may be used for historical reasons or for performance reasons, but should otherwise be avoided.
This leaves two general cases: Probing or exceptions.
Here the rule of thumb is that the program should not react to exceptions except as to handle when the program /unintentionally/ violates some condition. Probing should be used to ensure that this doesn't happen. Hence, an exception either means that the relevant probing was not performed in advance, or that something entirely unexpected has happened.
Example:
You want to create a file from a given path.
You should use the File object to evaluate in advance whether this path is legal for file creation or writing.
If your program somehow still ends up trying to write to a path that is illegal or otherwise not writable, you should get an excaption. This could happen due to a race condition (some other user removed the directory, or made it read-only, after you probl)
The task of handling an unexpected fail (signalled by an exception) and checking if the conditions are right for the operation in advance (probing) will usually be structured differently, and should therefore use different mechanisms.

A: As your examples already show, each such case must be evaluated separately and there is a considerable spectrum of gray between "exceptional circumstances" and "flow control", especially if your method is intended to be reusable, and might be used in quite different patterns than it was originally designed for.  Do not expect us all here to agree on what "non-exceptional" means, especially if you immediately discuss the possibility of using "exceptions" to implement that.
We might also not agree on what design makes the code easiest to read and maintain, but I will assume that the library designer has a clear personal vision of that and only needs to balance it against the other considerations involved.
Short answer
Follow your gut feelings except when you are designing pretty fast methods and expect a possibility of unforeseen reuse.
Long answer
Each future caller may freely translate between error codes and exceptions as it wishes in both directions; this makes the two design approaches almost equivalent except for performance, debugger-friendliness and some restricted interoperability contexts.  This usually boils down to performance, so let's focus on that.

*

*As a rule of thumb, expect that throwing an exception is 200x slower than a regular return (in reality, there is a significant variance in that).

*As another rule of thumb, throwing an exception may often allow much cleaner code compared with the crudest of magic values, because you are not relying on the programmer translating the error code into another error code, as it travels through multiple layers of client code towards a point where there is enough context for handling it in a consistent and adequate way.  (Special case: null tends to fare better here than other magic values because of its tendency to automatically translating itself to a NullReferenceException in case of some, but not all types of defects; usually, but not always, quite close to the source of the defect.)
So what's the lesson?
For a function that's called just a few times during the lifetime of an application (like the app initialization), use anything that gives you cleaner, easier to understand code.  Performance cannot be a concern.
For a throw-away function, use anything that gives you cleaner code.  Then do some profiling (if needed at all) and change exceptions to return codes if they are among the suspected top bottlenecks based on measurements or overall program structure.
For an expensive reusable function, use anything that gives you cleaner code.  If you basically always have to undergo a network roundtrip or parse an on-disk XML file, the overhead of throwing an exception is probably negligible.  It is more important to not lose  details of any failure, not even accidentally, than to return from a "non-exceptional failure" extra fast.
A lean reusable function requires more thought.  By employing exceptions, you are forcing something like a 100 times slow down on callers who will see the exception on half of their (many) calls, if the body of the function executes very fast.  Exceptions are still a design option, but you will have to provide a low overhead alternative for callers who can not afford this.  Let's look at an example.
You list a great example of Dictionary<,>.Item, which, loosely speaking, changed from returning null values to throwing KeyNotFoundException between .NET 1.1 and .NET 2.0 (only if you are willing to consider Hashtable.Item to be its practical non-generic forerunner).  The reason of this "change" is not without interest here.  Performance optimization of value types (no more boxing) made the original magic value (null) a non-option; out parameters would just bring a small part of the performance cost back.  This latter performance consideration is completely negligible in comparison with the overhead of throwing a KeyNotFoundException, but the exception design is still superior here.  Why?

*

*ref/out parameters incur their costs every time, not just in the "failure" case

*Anyone who cares can call Contains before any call to the indexer, and this pattern reads completely naturally.  If a developer wants to but forgets to call Contains, no performance issues can creep in; KeyNotFoundException is loud enough to be noticed and fixed.

A:
What is the best thing to do in such a relatively non-exceptional situation to indicate failure, and why?

You should not allow failure.
I know, it's hand-wavey and idealistic, but hear me out. When doing design, there are a number of cases where you have the opportunity to favor a version that has no failure modes. Instead of having a 'FindAll' that fails, LINQ uses a where clause that simply returns an empty enumerable. Instead of having an object that needs to be initialized before used, let the constructor initialize the object (or initialize when the not-initialized is detected). The key is removing the failure branch in consumer code. This is the problem, so focus on it.
Another strategy for this is the KeyNotFound sscenario. In almost every codebase I've worked on since 3.0, something like this extension method exists:
public static class DictionaryExtensions {
    public static V GetValue<K, V>(this IDictionary<K, V> arg, K key, Func<K,V> ifNotFound) {
        if (!arg.ContainsKey(key)) {
            return ifNotFound(key);
        }

        return arg[key];
    }
}

There is no real failure mode for this. ConcurrentDictionary has a similar GetOrAdd built in.
All that said, there will always be times where it's simply unavoidable. All three have their place, but I would favor the first option. Despite all that is made of null's danger, it's well known and fits into a lot of the 'item not found' or 'result is not applicable' scenarios that make up the "not exceptional failure" set. Especially when you're making nullable value types, the significance of the 'this might fail' is very explicit in code and hard to forget/screw up.
The second option is good enough when your user does something dumb. Gives you a string with the wrong format, tries to set the date to December 42nd... something that you want things to blow up quickly and spectacularly during testing so that bad code is identified and fixed.
The last option is one I increasingly dislike. Out parameters are awkward, and tend to violate some of the best practices when making methods, like focusing on one thing and not having side effects. Plus, the out param is usually only meaningful during success. That said, they are essential for certain operations that are usually constrained by concurrency concerns, or performance considerations (where you don't want to make a second trip to the DB for example).
If the return value and out param are non-trivial, then Scott Whitlock's suggestion about a result object is preferred (like Regex's Match class).

A: I think the Try pattern is the best choice, when code just indicate what happened. I hate out param and like nullable object. I've created following class
public sealed class Bag<TValue>
{
    public Bag(TValue value, bool hasValue = true)
    {
        HasValue = hasValue;
        Value = value;
    }

    public static Bag<TValue> Empty
    {
        get { return new Bag<TValue>(default(TValue), false); }
    }

    public bool HasValue { get; private set; }
    public TValue Value { get; private set; }
}

so I can write following code
    public static Bag<XElement> GetXElement(this XElement element, string elementName)
    {
        try
        {
            XElement result = element.Element(elementName);
            return result == null
                       ? Bag<XElement>.Empty
                       : new Bag<XElement>(result);
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            return Bag<XElement>.Empty;
        }
    }

Looks like nullable but not only for value type
Another example
    public static Bag<string> TryParseString(this XElement element, string attributeName)
    {
        Bag<string> attributeResult = GetString(element, attributeName);
        if (attributeResult.HasValue)
        {
            return new Bag<string>(attributeResult.Value);
        }
        return Bag<string>.Empty;
    }

    private static Bag<string> GetString(XElement element, string attributeName)
    {
        try
        {
            string result = element.GetAttribute(attributeName).Value;
            return new Bag<string>(result);
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            return Bag<string>.Empty;
        }
    }

A: If you are interested in the "magic value" route, yet another way to solve this is to overload the purpose of the Lazy class.  Although Lazy is intended to defer instantiation, nothing really prevents you from using like a Maybe or an Option.   For instance:
    public static Lazy<TValue> GetValue<TValue, TKey>(
        this IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary,
        TKey key)
    {
        TValue retVal;
        if (dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out retVal))
        {
            var retValRef = retVal;
            var lazy = new Lazy<TValue>(() => retValRef);
            retVal = lazy.Value;
            return lazy;
        }

        return new Lazy<TValue>(() => default(TValue));
    }


text:
Farmers Insurance to the City
When the news broke about Farmers Insurance leaving Simi Valley, my knee jerk reaction was to point the finger squarely at the City and suggest they dropped the ball. When I'm critical of the City, I'm usually inundated with comments and emails from people who share in my frustration and volunteer information. I usually take a fair amount of comfort in my position because of this.
After taking a step back, I published a more neutral response with an emphasis on a need to react and fill that void. In doing so, commentary persisted against the City with stories about the Farmers Training Center leaving Simi Valley as a result of fallout in the building department. I could never really get any confirmed data on whether or not attempts to expand the Training Center failed due to a problem with the City, or if it was never meant to happen in the first place. Either no one has this data, no one cares to share this data, or the data simply doesn't exist because it never happened as described. To be perfectly honest, I really don't know any factual information about any expansion of the Training Center in Simi Valley.
I received a copy of a letter from Farmers Insurance to our City Council. In the letter, the Vice President of Commercial Operations says the following to the City Council:
We have had a long-standing, cooperative working relationship with the Simi Valley City Council and the city staff. We look forward to continuing that relationship as we work together to quickly find the best tenants possible for the Simi Valley facility. We have already offered to your staff our availability to serve on your "Red Team," which will bring together the right group to aggressively pursue our mutual goal and we have engaged the services of UGL Equis to actively market the property and work with your staff.
The letter indicates the move was a business decision. Admittedly, I was quick to place blame on the City for not being able to maneuver quickly enough in the wake of long standing rumors of this anticipated move. If you take this letter at face value, it suggests that my original position was plain wrong.
Read the letter for yourself and draw your own conclusions. You can view the letter to the City Council by clicking here.
This entry was posted in Featured Articles, Issues & Headlines, Simi News and tagged election 2010, farmers insurance by Mike. Bookmark the permalink.
11 thoughts on "Farmers Insurance to the City"
George Ringwald on August 18, 2010 at 8:53 pm said:
I suggest the City and its officials not hold their breath waiting for an apology from Mr. Huber for his Tweet statement. Do we really want a Mayor who rushes to judgment in making decisions without having all the facts?
Data simply does not exist on this "Training Center expansion" because that is a fantasy someone made up.
Barbra Williamson on August 18, 2010 at 9:52 pm said:
Here you go Mike….this is the true story…
At the northwest corner of the property, between the 6-story building and the post office, is the Farmers training facility. At 21,000 square feet, it was built in 1999 and was used to train the Farmers claims processors. When the building was completed, they had a big open house and invited City dignitaries, Chamber folks, and Farmers executives from the L.A. area. Inside the building is a large classroom, a mock-up of a house for the trainees to study building construction and the effects of house fires, and several vehicle lifts for trainees to examine vehicles involved in accidents. Farmers has not made any requests to expand the training center and all requests that were submitted by Farmers to build buildings or modify existing buildings have been approved by the City. The City has not turned down any requests by Farmers to develop the property.
SimiValleyCA (Simi Valley) on August 19, 2010 at 3:50 am said:
Farmers Insurance to the City: – http://tinyurl.com/25cvrst
Jim D on August 19, 2010 at 6:30 am said:
And no one has ever quit a job because of a jerk boss or lousy working conditions only to say as they turn in their resignation "leaving to seek other opportunities." Are you REALLY suprised that Farmers knows that in order to lease their huge building and get out from under a 2 milllion dollar a year expense, its best to have the city be an ally in the effort?
Hell, we as a nation say all kinds of nice and calm words to rogue countries with dictators that hate us in name of "diplomacy".
Mike, did you think Farmers was going to send a letter saying that the city was to blame for their mass exodus? And then the city would send it to YOU!
Are you really that Naive?
Mike Chandler on August 19, 2010 at 6:44 am said:
Jim, I understand why you might be frustrated, but I have had hour long phone calls, lengthy emails, and a handful of in-person discussions all of which directly contradict each other on this topic. I feel like my choices are limited to taking this letter at face value. However, I know the matter isn't even close to being closed and I'm very willing to listen and discuss if you have more to add.
your right. I'm VERY frustrated. I get even more mad when Ted points out that our electeds (not withstanding Barbra) havent said anything. I'm fuming that Sojka was peddling his golf fundraiser right after Farmers announced thier exodus. Regardless of why they left…….how about some leadership!
David B on August 19, 2010 at 7:19 am said:
Please take a chill pill, Jim D. Leaders do not send out a press release (or Tweet) every time they fart. That's what politicians, or wannabe politicians, do. Leaders ensure they have all the facts first. As Davy Crockett said, "Be always sure you are right – then go, ahead."
Matty on August 19, 2010 at 8:33 am said:
Take a Chill Pill? Really. Someone is completely out of touch. I guess Jim D is not all that and a bag of chips either?
That is probably what makes Mr. Sojka such a great leader as I notice his web site has not been updated since March. The good news is we wont have to worry about fart tweets from him.
Amanda S. on August 19, 2010 at 2:15 pm said:
Hi Boys: Why am I not surprised that this conversation is now about farting? Grow the hell up.
Max Headroom on August 20, 2010 at 2:17 am said:
Best letter yet on the Farmer's situation.
http://www.simivalleyacorn.com/news/2010-08-20/Letters/Not_sad_to_see_Farmers_go.html
Ted on September 2, 2010 at 10:29 pm said:
Just to make sure this is here for future readers. Councilwoman Williamson and I discussed the rumor of Farmers moving on this site in May 2010. In which she dismissed the idea and said
Ah, and then there is the rumor mill about Farmers. Even if they do leave, Simi Valley will survive. We will get bigger and stronger retailer…You just wait and see. But hey, I appreciate your comments and thoughts. (May 4, 2010)
Then Mashburn revealed this information later
I retired in 2005 and sometime after that I was teaching a class at Farmers and was advised that the training center was moving to Westlake. I asked the Farmer's employee "why were they moving"? I was told, it is to difficult to work with the City of Simi Valley to expand the current building. This employee said there were issues with parking that would make expansion not practical. There was also talk of adding a second story to the existing building. I can only assume this employee had some inside knowledge of what went on between the City and Farmers. I do not know that representatives of Farmers actually met with the City.
The point is that the big surprise was no surprise at all and the city tried to spin the move as a surprise and a business decision. Well how great a growing company's business decision did not include growing in Simi Valley and found Los Angeles County more attractive.


text:
Ванесса Спрингора (, ) — французская писательница, издатель и кинорежиссёр. Она является автором мемуаров «Согласие», в которых описывается сексуальное насилие, которое она пережила, начиная с 14 лет, со стороны писателя Габриэля Мацнеффа, которому тогда было 49 лет. Книга стала бестселлером и привела к изменению возраста согласия во Франции.

Ранние годы
Ванесса родилась и выросла в Париже со своей матерью, она училась в колледже Жака-Превера, а затем в лицее Фенелона в Париже, прежде чем получить диплом по современной литературе в Сорбоннском университете.

Карьера
В 2003 году она начала работать в Национальном аудиовизуальном институте в качестве сценариста и режиссёра, а в 2006 году присоединилась к издательству  в качестве помощника редактора. Она написала сценарии для фильма Dérive (2006) и телесериала Quotidien (2016). В 2019 году она была назначена главой .

Согласие
В начале января 2020 года Спрингора опубликовала мемуары Le Consentement (Согласие), в которых она описывает, как с 14 лет за ней ухаживал и подвергал её сексуальному насилию писатель Габриэль Мацнефф, которому тогда было 49 лет. В мемуарах она описывает себя как уязвимого подростка, ребёнка разведённых родителей, впервые встретившего Мацнеффа, когда ей было 13 лет. В книге описывается, как Мацнефф активно преследовал её, писал ей письма, ждал её возле школы и преследовал на улице. Мемуары Спрингора имели успех у критиков и коммерческий успех, быстро стали бестселлером. Эта история также шокировала французский издательский мир, поскольку освещала историю педофилии и секс-туризма, которую Мацнефф обсуждал и описывал в своих книгах на протяжении десятилетий. Мацнефф не скрывал своей сексуальной активности. В 1975 году он появился в ток-шоу  для продвижения своего эссе Les moins de seize ans («Младше 16 лет»), в котором он обсуждал сексуальные отношения с лицами моложе 16 лет. Позже он написал анонимный отчёт о своих отношениях со Спрингора в книге  (Gallimard, 1995).

Последствия были значительными. Все три издателя Мацнеффа прекратили с ним работу; пожизненная стипендия была отменена; и французское правительство объявило, что введёт возраст согласия 15 лет. Скандал и продолжающееся уголовное преследование также привлекли внимание ряда высокопоставленных фигур французского общества, которые поддерживали Мацнеффа и общались с ним (в том числе Франсуа Миттеран, Жан-Мари Ле Пен, модельер Ив Сен-Лоран и его партнёр Пьер Берже). Французский политик  утверждал, что не знал о педофилии Мацнеффа, несмотря на давнюю связь с писателем. Под давлением общественности в июле 2020 года Жирар ушёл с поста заместителя мэра Парижа.

Le Consentement был опубликован HarperVia на английском языке как Consent (перевод ) в феврале 2021 года. Критик  в The New York Times похвалила мемуары и перевод и отметила влияние книги: «По всем мыслимым показателям её книга — триумф».

В сентябре 2021 года группа компаний  объявила, что Ванесса Спрингора прекращает руководить .

Примечания

Писательницы Франции XXI века

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Inspiration Mars FISO Presenation : No Pressure for SLS
Image Credit :
Inspiration Mars
Inspiration Mars made a presentation to the Future In Space Working Group on Wednesday, and wasted little time in dispelling reports that NASA is applying heavy pressure to select the Space Launch System as the launch vehicle. The presentation, complete with audio, can be found here, and it is certainly worth a listen.
What emerges is a refreshing picture of what many in the space community wishes would take place with the U.S. and other national space agencies as well. Having determined that a certain desirable goal is feasible, in this case a circumnavigation of Mars with a low energy, free return trajectory, Inspiration Mars is methodically, but expeditiously wading through the alternatives, the "trades" to make it happen. At the same time it is not losing sight of the purpose of the proposed mission, contained right there in the name, to inspire the United States, and NASA in particular, to pull itself out of a forty-year miasma of indecision and get on about the business of undertaking the greatest adventure of our time, the human exploration of Mars. As part of that process, Dennis Tito, the founder of Inspiration Mars, along with the rest of the team, would also very much like to see a re-booting of America's flagging STEM, (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) capability, a goal which is shared by NASA, but pursued ineffectually. The overall goal, exploring Mars, is the same one which is driving SpaceX, and is the very reason Elon Musk founded the company in the first place.
Unfortunately, the primary goal of the political establishment which controls funding for NASA is not exploration, but instead the continuation of jobs its respective districts. One need look no further than the official introduction of SLS, when NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, who looked as if he had been grabbed by the ear and pulled to the podium like a recalcitrant child, and boxed in by a beaming Kay Bailey Hutchison and Bill Nelson, officially introduced the Space Launch System by pointing out first and foremost, that it would create jobs. If word order has any significance, here it was. Not open a new era of exploration, not restore an American launch capacity gone since the Saturn V, but create jobs.
So, for better or worse, with the SLS development under way, and being the rocket of record for NASA, even if there is not much in the way of a defined mission for it, Inspiration Mars concluded that it would be a good idea to at least consider the possible use of the vehicle being developed by the agency they hope to inspire. Perfectly reasonable. The more relevant point where NASA is concerned, and one which clearly comes through in the presentation, is the obvious sense that many within the agency are eager to work with the Inspiration Mars team to the greatest extent possible.
And why not? With the proposed 2018 circumnavigation established as a one time event, (the orbital window repeats though), and its big booster making progress, it seems quite likely that a successful mission could have exactly the intended effect, and build the momentum to quit dithering and use SLS to return to the Red Planet post haste, this time with landers.
The choice of hardware for the Inspiration Mars project, should it get to that point, is going to prove fascinating, and very telling. While it is tempting to fixate on the launch vehicle selected; Falcon Heavy, Atlas V, or Delta Heavy, and what that says about the major players and the current state of the launch industry, the real key for a long-term perspective is the choice of a crew vehicle, and what that says about current NASA mission planning.
The Inspiration Mars team is particularly worried about the unprecedented re-entry speed of the capsule it wants to send around Mars, and is attempting to manage that issue by shifting as much of the net mass of the mission into the attached habitation module, pictured in current graphics as an inflatable structure like that being developed by Bigelow Aerospace. Whether solid or inflatable, the "hab" would be jettisoned just before re-entry, allowing the two person crew to return to Earth in the lightest craft achievable. It is a solution which almost certainly precludes anything approaching the mass of the NASA / Lockheed Martin Orion spacecraft upon which the taxapyer will have spent in excess of $10 billion dollars by the time two people board the privately funded Mars bound ship and sail into history.
Furthermore, the basic architecture being outlined for Inspiration Mars, a minimum two-part solution in which the bulk of crew time is spent in the space provided by a habitation module, and not the capsule, applies to other long duration missions which are under consideration by NASA, such as to trips to an asteroid or lingering at the L2 destination. And it definitely applies to any follow on Mars missions as well.
The bottom line is that while the SLS is being given a courteous nod, it is not going to be launch vehicle for Inspirations Mars in 2018. It might however, be placed in a follow-up role sooner than anticipated (now in the 2030's…. maybe) if the Mars circumnavigation has the intended effect on the space agency and the nation. The Orion spacecraft however, is a very different subject, and the crew caspule decision made by the Inspiration Mars Foundation, presumably either the SpaceX Dragon, or a modified Boeing CST-100, may go along way in illustrating just how inefficiently resources are being spent on a solution which is simply not optimal for the missions we really want to undertake.
Perhaps then, the first thing Inspiration Mars could inspire is the realization that an alternate path, one with jobs a plenty, is to keep forging ahead with SLS, but instead divert the one billion per year being spent on Orion spacecraft, cracked hull and all, into fully funding the Commercial Crew program with a two winner outcome, and presenting the SLS with new options. Equally important, doing so would open up an otherwise non-existent funding wedge for the new hardware which actually is indispensable for the future the Foundation hopes to create, specifically the landing and ascent vehicles for the human exploration of Mars.
Posted in: Inspiration Mars, Mars, NASA
4 Comments on "Inspiration Mars FISO Presenation : No Pressure for SLS"
Inspiration Mars FISO Presenation : No Pressure for SLS | The Newspace Daily | 2013.04.11
Inspiration Mars FISO Presenation : No Pressure for SLS | The Zetetic Forum | 2013.04.11
alex wilson says:
I'm sorry, but I have to ask: how long has tgeh author of this article been alive? Here's something I've learned over roughly thirty years of writing and/or thinking about space: NASA spends money in many places in the US because if they don't, Congress won't give them the money to *DO* anything in space. If you want to blame someone for how NASA spends it's money, aim your anger at Congress, not NASA.
Well, Since 1967 if you must know.
You might also want to re-read this sentence, (he wrote, not angrily)
"Unfortunately, the primary goal of the political establishment which controls funding for NASA is not exploration, but instead the continuation of jobs its respective districts"


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ARTnews Today
ARTnews Thursday
By Sarah Douglas, Editor-in-Chief
Yesterday I had the great pleasure of spending some time at Mnuchin Gallery's exhibition of photographs by Cindy Sherman, "Once Upon a Time, 1981–2011," co-curated by the art adviser Philippe Ségalot. One of the upstairs galleries is devoted to a brilliant hanging of Sherman's recent series of "society portraits," featuring herself done up as fictional ladies of means, aging with varying degrees of grace. Sherman's society portraits have been exhibited before, but the Mnuchin show presents an opportunity to see these ladies in their natural habitat: the elegant neo-Federal mansion that Albert Rathbone, a lawyer who later worked for the U. S. Treasury, commissioned from architect Arthur Jackson in 1913; its arched French windows witnessed such society events as the debutante tea dance and dinner that Rathbone and his wife, Emma, hosted for their daughter, and the elaborate winter-season parties that a subsequent owner, banker George Browne Post, and his wife held in the '20s and '30s. For the Sherman show, those elegant windows frame one of the portraits, retracing the columned arch in it, probably photographed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art's medieval Cloisters up in Fort Tryon Park, which here serves as the private garden of this proud woman, resplendent in a thickly embroidered turquoise caftan.
I wouldn't be the first to say that Sherman's work, since the very beginning of her career in the late '70s, has been prescient of the selfie age. But it seems to me that these portraits expose the lie at the heart of the selfie—that the diminutive, the term "selfie," supports a comforting notion that there is, beneath the layers of life's accoutrements, a self that consists in something other than a maze of neurons and synapses. Sherman's ladies are 100 percent accoutrement: the rings, wigs, and gowns, the outsize brooch, white kid gloves, double strand of pearls, silk scarf, mink stole, support hose, well-groomed lapdog, palazzo steps, Old Master painting above the sofa. Her subjects are the sum of those parts; you get the sense that you'd scrub away their concealer only to find more concealer.
Thanks to Ségalot's thoughtful and meticulous installation, there is a sight line that leads the eye from the arched, applied eyebrows of a society portrait through an archway to the arched, applied eyebrows of the subject in one of Sherman's clown pictures hanging in an adjacent gallery. Another sight line directs the eye between two society portraits through an archway to an image in the rear gallery, one of Sherman's Old Master photographs from the '80s, based on a Madonna and child, provoking thoughts of these society women in a different age, in a different role. Sherman, as the Virgin Mary, feeds her obviously fake plastic child from an obviously fake plastic breast. In all her various guises, she has always been adept at exposing artifice, and hinting that it may be all there is.


After two years of hard design work and think-tanking, Vewr is being recognized for it's vision. Our team recieved a small amount of funding through the National Science Foundation, and on November 6th, we are traveling to New York City to participate in a Blackstone Launchpad/Techstars pitch competition.
Here are some live screens, and a few development mockups of functionality.
These screens are either already coded out, or being actively used for development currently. These are designs for very basic alpha implementation and minimum viable product proof.


Is Miley Cyrus performing a secret show with Dad Billy Ray in Australia?
Is Miley Cyrus performing a..
Billy Ray Cyrus is a music legend in his own right, but is better known these days as the father of pop superstar Miley Cyrus.
The Achy Breaky Heart singer joins Ray Hadley in the studio ahead of his Australian tour.
The pair have a humorous friendship… last time they spoke Billy Ray pretended to give Ray the scoop on his daughter's impending Australian wedding.
This time around he was a little more coy about whether Miley would be secretly be joining him on stage in the Hunter Valley this weekend.
Billy Ray also talks about the moment he almost quit music following nine years of rejection.
"I was starting to think maybe it wasn't going to happen for me," Billy tells Ray.
One song changed everything and the country music legend went from sleeping in his Chevy Beretta to being nominated for a handful of Grammy awards.


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The Book of Mormon in Religious Studies
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By Grant Hardy
Last March marked the 180th anniversary of the publication of the Book of Mormon. Only a few books from early 19th-century America are still regularly read outside of classrooms, and fewer still are consulted on a weekly, or even daily, basis by several million devoted followers around the globe. The Book of Mormon has successfully made the transition from religious curiosity to world scripture, and that is a rare accomplishment indeed. Yet the volume is still virtually a closed book to outsiders.
There are at least three reasons for this: 1) the book features a rather complex narrative expressed in an archaic form of English (though its Christian message is clear enough -- it tells the story of ancient Israelite immigrants to the Americas who prophesied of the coming of Jesus, and how he visited them after his resurrection); 2) the lack of direct evidence from pre-Columbian archaeology for a Jewish/proto-Christian civilization makes standard historical-critical methods impossible; and 3) the insistence of believers that the best approach to the text is to pray for a witness from the Holy Spirit, places the book in a religious rather than an academic context.
Given these challenges, scholarly attention to the Book of Mormon has often been more focused on the credibility of Joseph Smith than on the text he produced. The question is whether Smith was the inspired translator of an ancient record written on metal plates (his own claim), or whether he was the author of a religious novel (what everyone else assumed).
Studies have tended to follow of one of two tracks. The first consists of making a case for the book's historical authenticity. The paucity of confirming evidence from the Americas has forced Latter-day Saints to search for validation of the book's Israelite origins from biblical archaeology. The greatest proponent of this approach was the late Hugh Nibley, whose learned disquisitions sought to demonstrate that the Book of Mormon was filled with details of ancient Near Eastern culture that Joseph Smith could not have known on his own. Nibley's successors have pushed such studies ever deeper into scholarly esoterica, but they have generally been unconvincing to outsiders, and they beg the question of how much cultural continuity we might reasonably expect from the descendants of a single family over centuries in a foreign land (especially since we only have access to a single source in translation).
Read More from: The Future of Mormonism
The second approach, nearly a mirror image of the first, attempts to explain everything in the Book of Mormon as a reflection of Joseph Smith's biography. Dan Vogel's 2004 account of Smith's early years pushed this model about as far as it could possibly go, mixing helpful descriptions of contemporary religious and political movements with considerable speculation about Smith's ambitions, psychology, and mental state. Latter-day Saints were not impressed, and even as literary analysis, Vogel's work falls short; not all novels are autobiographical. Some elements of the Book of Mormon seem to fit 19th-century America, while others are quite at odds with that time and place. At the beginning of the 21st century, Book of Mormon studies appeared at an impasse, with little common ground between believers and outsiders, and two parallel approaches that seemed to have played themselves out. What comes next?
The Book of Mormon, of course, has a long and bright future with the millions who accept it as scripture, as a sign of God's work in the latter days and of Joseph Smith's prophetic calling, and as a source of doctrine and moral teachings. Its invitation to readers to have a personal encounter with the Holy Spirit still stands. But academic Book of Mormon studies -- of the non-proselytizing sort -- will likely find its most fertile ground in the field of religious studies, where scholars regularly put aside questions of ultimate truth in order to try to understand religious traditions from a sympathetic point of view. Let me suggest four possible approaches to the Book of Mormon that would be useful for all interested readers, regardless of their faith commitments or lack thereof (and each could be applied in equivalent ways to the Quran or Lotus Sutra).
1) Textual Criticism. Over the past decade, Royal Skousen of Brigham Young University has been publishing a series of monumental volumes analyzing the textual history of the Book of Mormon from the two handwritten manuscripts of 1829-1830 through twenty significant printed editions. His astonishingly detailed examination is obviously a labor of love, something that probably only a believer would undertake, but his criteria for judgment are scholarly, secular, and transparent. A non-Mormon might very well reach the same conclusions, using the same methods and evidence. In the The Book of Mormon: The Earliest Text, recently published by Yale University Press, Skousen has created the Mormon equivalent of the Biblia Hebraica or the United Bible Societies' Greek New Testament. It will be the foundation for all serious studies of the Book of Mormon for years to come.
Article Continued On Next Page
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No garden? No problem. Container gardening is enjoying a resurgence as people all over the world get involved in vertical gardening, rooftop gardening, urban gardening and even xeriscaping (the concept of replacing a lawn with a garden). Growing edible plants in containers allows you to stretch your grocery dollars through the spring summer and early fall, but it can also allow you to supplement your emergency food supplies year-round. If you've never had a container garden you'll be pleasantly surprised at how inexpensive and easy it is to start and maintain. Container gardens are useful for those with little or no garden space, for urban residents with a small sunny patch or bright window, and even for condo and apartment dwellers with small patios or window boxes.
Containers you use for gardening can be recycled from virtually anything. As you are looking for containers remember that it's easier to grow plants in large containers because the soil stays moist longer. The ideal container is at least 10 inches wide and 12 inches deep All of your containers must have drainage holes, even if you have to drill them yourself, because plants can become waterlogged and die if they sit in stagnant water.
Most herbs and vegetables require full sun (6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight a day). Check the tag, ask the nursery attendant, or go online to find out the specific requirements for your container plants. All plants need good air circulation so they don't fall prey to the diseases and pests that thrive in damp stagnant environments.
No matter how much space you have, your container garden doesn't have to look like a hodgepodge. Check out these links for some beautiful examples of container gardens that produce throughout the entire spring, summer and fall.
Doomsday Preppers on National Geographic Channel – New Season!


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Watch: Previously unseen live footage of Amy Winehouse emerges
The footage is from the upcoming documentary 'Back To Black'
By chelsea brimstin Music News 29.10.2018
Previously unseen live footage of Amy Winehouse has surfaced just before the release of a new documentary, Back To Black, which will be released on DVD on November 2nd.
The film will look at the making of Winehouse's iconic album of the same name, and will feature interviews with producers Mark Ronson and Saleem Remi. Part of the new documentary also includes footage from a private gig at London's Riverside Studios from February 10th, 2008, the same night she won five Grammys.
Check out Winehouse's performance of "Love Is A Losing Game" at the Riverside Studios show below.
Winehouse's family have also recently confirmed they'll be creating a biopic about her life.
Artist: Amy Winehouse


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Chile & Peru
Group Departure: 9 September 2019
Prices from £4368 per person based on 15 people
Including tips
Day 1: London - Santiago
Day 2: Santiago (L/D)
Arrival to the international airport Arturo Merino Benítez of Santiago city.
Upon arrival, after the clearance at the immigration, we will be transferred to the hotel to deliver the luggage in custody, before going to a local restaurant for lunch.
In the evening, we will start the city tour in Santiago. On this excursion, we will explore the historical and modern sights of Santiago de Chile. We will start our trip at the main avenue Alameda Bernardo O'Higgins by visiting La Moneda, the Government Palace, where we will learn about the historical and current importance of this place. Afterwards, we will visit the famous main square of the city called Plaza de Armas, which is surrounded by the Metropolitan Cathedral and other historical buildings. We will continue visiting the Santa Lucia hill, the mount upon which the Spanish founded Santiago in 1541. It is a long steep rock, with many plants and an antique building rising steeply from the city below. Then, we will cross the Mapocho River to get to Bellavista, the cultural and artistic neighborhood of Santiago. Bellavista lies at the foot of the San Cristóbal Hill, the highest in town, in the middle of the Metropolitan Park. We will go up the hill to explore the surroundings while enjoying beautiful panoramic views of the city. Finally, we will visit Providencia with its top restaurants, elegant shops, and modern high-rise buildings. After this amazing tour, we will call it a day and return to the hotel. Dinner in the hotel and overnight.
Day 3: Santiago – Calama – San Pedro de Atacama (B/L/D)
Morning time at leisure.
Transfer to Santiago airport to take the flight to Calama. Upon arrival, late lunch in a local restaurant in Calama and a transfer will take us to San Pedro. Then, we have our tour. For this breathtaking excursion, we will be picked up at the hotel to enjoy a spectacular evening exploring the Death Valley and watch the sunsunset the Moon Valley. Along the way from San Pedro towards Calama, we will stop to take some great pictures of the Andean Mountain range, the huge Atacama Salt Lake, the active Lascar Volcano and the impressive Licancabur Volcano. Our first destination will be the Death Valley home to bizarre rock agglomerations. There we have time to discover this barren land formed by erosion over thousands of years. Afterwards, we will continue towards the Moon Valley, a silent moonscape with strange formations that nature has carved of salt and clay. We will visit the "Tres Marías" rock formation and salt caverns before watching the sun fade away into the night. Dinner in the hotel and overnight.
Day 4: San Pedro de Atacama (B/L/D)
Before dawn breaks we will depart from San Pedro and head north to the famous El Tatio Geysers; a geothermal field flanked by soaring peaks. Box Breakfast at El Tatio. El Tatio is situated at 4,300 m / 14,108 ft. above sea level on the Altiplano. It is the highest geothermal field in the world and boasts spectacular scenery. We will need to make sure to bring warm clothes as temperatures at this altitude are considerably low this early in the morning. At dawn, we will observe powerful spurts of steam that shoot out from various geyser blowholes and steaming ponds that are encrusted with brilliant salt crystals reflecting the metal-blue sky. After this nice visit to El Tatio, we will be transported to the village of Machuca known as the resting place for llama caravans that traveled the Inca Highway.
*Due to high altitude and early departure the recommendation is to have a light dinner the night before and no alcohol. The lowest temperature could go down to -15ºC/5ºF bring warm clothing, sun cream, and sun glasses, swim suit and towel.
Lunch in local restaurant.
In the afternoon, we will visit the picturesque Toconao, a small town nestled 30 km from San Pedro de Atacama where you will be able to appreciate the amazing architecture of the town church and its bell tower. Besides, in this very same place, we can find beautiful typical handmade crafts. We will also have the chance to hike around the beautiful fruit gardens boasted in this little town. After this, we will visit the largest salt flat in Chile: Salar de Atacama, where we will find Los Flamencos National Reserve. Afterwards, we will continue to Chaxa Lagoon and we will be able to observe the 3-different species of flamingos and other animals inhabiting the salt deposit lagoons. Finally, we will enjoy the sunset at the salt flat with a delicious cocktail while being amazed by the impressive ever-changing colors of the landscape that surround us. Dinner at hotel and overnight.
Day 5: San Pedro de Atacama – Calama – Santiago (B/BL/D)
Breakfast.
Morning at Leisure.
Transfer to the Calama airport (the trip takes 1:30 h) to board our flight to Santiago including a box lunch en route. Upon arrival, we will be transferred to the hotel.
Dinner will be at a local restaurant and we can also enjoy a folkloric show.
Return to hotel. Overnight at hotel.
Day 6: Santiago – Punta Arenas – Puerto Natales (BL/D)
We will be transferred to the airport to take the early flight to Punta Arenas. Arrival to Punta Arenas, and we will be transferred to Puerto Natales located 254km far (3:15 h).
Arrival to Puerto Natales. Lunch menu in the hotel and check in at our hotel.
Dinner in a local restaurant and overnight at the hotel.
Optional: On the way, visit the colony of penguins in the Otway Sound, located.
65km far to the northeast of Punta Arenas. During October and March, each year, they get almost 7000 couples of Magellan penguins gather here to procreate. A box lunch will be included en route instead of lunch at the hotel.
Note: Visit the Penguins at Otway Sound is only possible in the second half of October and the end of March. Between April and first half of October, there are no penguins.
Day 7: Puerto Natales (B/L/D)
Breakfast in the hotel.
Today we will be picked up from the hotel in Puerto Natales and start our tour visiting the Mylodón Cave, located about 30 minutes away from the town. This cave was discovered by a German explorer in 1895. He found a skin piece of a prehistoric animal called "Mylodón" of 10.000 years old. After visiting this natural monument, we will continue toward the Village of Cerro Castillo, the heart of the sheep farming business in the area. As we continue on the road we will spot the mountains of the Paine Massif (if the weather is favorable) including the famous Torres del Paine and the spectacular Cuernos del Paine. Before reaching the entrance of the park we will be able to see the Sarmiento Lake and the Amarga Lagoon. This is also the best place to observe the wildlife of the park in big numbers and close to the road. Later, we will move on to the central area of the park to enjoy views of the Nördenskjold and Pehoe lakes. In this area, we will also be able to enjoy magnificent views of the Salto Grande waterfall. Afterwards, we will take a break and have lunch before hiking for about an hour to reach the Grey Lake. Here we will witness many icebergs that come from the Grey Glacier, evidence of the last ice age here in Patagonia. Lunch in a local restaurant. After visiting this area, we will drive back to the town and return to the hotel.
Dinner and overnight at the hotel.
Day 8: Puerto Natales – Punta Arenas – Santiago (B/L)
In the morning, we will be transferred to Punta Arenas by crossing the Magellan Pampa. Lunch in a local restaurant. In the afternoon, visit of Punta Arenas... departure to visit the Mirador (which has a splendid view over the city and the Straits of Magellan) and the main neighborhoods and avenues. At the Regional Museum** you will see the interesting ethnographic and anthropologic samples of the area, as well as a good display of the local flora and fauna.
Transfer to the airport of Punta Arenas to take the flight to Santiago. On arrival, guide assistance at the airport (the hotel is located in the airport – transfer is not required).
(Dinner - not included)
Overnight at the airport hotel.
Day 9: Santiago – Lima (B/)
At the established time, we will proceed on our own to Santiago airport. After check-in, we return to the hotel to have breakfast. Then, come back to the airport to take the flight to Lima.
Upon our arrival in Lima, a transportation service will transfer us from the airport to our hotel. Early check-in.
Lunch in the hotel.
In the afternoon, visit Lima's Downtown, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO where you will know the Cathedral of Lima, located in the Main Square, the most important church in Peru built between 1542 and 1622, and one of the several beautiful colonial buildings, which constitutes an important part of the identity of the city. Continue our tour by visiting the Museum of the Church of San Francisco, built in the late seventeenth century and very famous for its Catacombs. Then we will be transferred to the districts of San Isidro and Miraflores for a panoramic view, and make a brief stop at the Love Park before moving on to our hotel. In the evening, transportation service will pick us up from our hotel and will transfer us to the restaurant and will bring us back at the established time. We will enjoy a most relaxing sea view and discover the culinary creativity of Mangos Larcomar which offers a varied Peruvian and international buffet that will satisfy the most demanding palate.
Day 10: LIMA - AREQUIPA (B/L/D)
A transportation service will pick us up from our hotel at the established time and will transfer us to the airport of Lima to take the flight to Arequipa.
Upon our arrival to Arequipa, we will be transferred to our hotel. Early check-in. Around noon, we will be transferred to Restaurant Sol de Mayo which is undoubtedly one of the best restaurants in Arequipa, backed by more than 100 years of culinary tradition. Excellent food in a colonial atmosphere and exclusive service to delight you with typical Arequipa specialties as well as a variety of Creole and international dishes.
After lunch, we will start our tour to the Main Square, one of the most beautiful squares in Peru because it is built of the pillar (a white volcanic rock) and has carved arches. It is next to the impressive Arequipa Cathedral, built in the 17th century and fully rebuilt after several earthquakes. We will then visit the Church of the Society of Jesus (1590), considered a classic example of the local baroque architecture, which houses an exceptional collection of paintings and murals. We will then visit the Carmen Alto Scenic Viewpoint, located in front of the Chili River, from where you will have a scenic view of the city before passing by the Yanahuara Scenic Viewpoint. We will continue the tour at the Monastery of Santa Catalina, built in 1579, which is an authentic medieval cloister and a small religious citadel used to date.
Our next point will be the Museum of Andean Sanctuaries where we will visit the Juanita Mummy, a 14-year-old daughter of an Inca dignitary mummified by the cold. She was found at the snow-capped Ampato Mount in 1995 and was exhibited at the National Geographic Society in Washington. After the tour, you will be transferred to the hotel.
In the evening, transportation (with a guide) will pick us up to take you to Zig Zag restaurant where we will enjoy a delicious dinner. The White City offers interesting options to enjoy its flavors. In Zig Zag you can try 'Alpin dinos' dishes. Located in a cozy house in Arequipa, in front of the beautiful square of San Francisco, this restaurant offers diners an attractive fusion, product of the creativity and the experience of its creator, Michel Hediger.
Day 11: AREQUIPA - CUSCO (B/L/D)
We will be picked up from our hotel at the agreed time and taken to the Arequipa airport accompanied by a guide. Help will be provided with our check-in.
Flight to Cusco.
Upon our arrival to Cusco, a guide will be waiting for us to start the tour. We will start our tour at the Coricancha, also known as the "Temple of the Sun", the construction of which was ordered by Inca Pachacútec (1438-1471) and was used as a base for the construction of the Santo Domingo Convent upon the arrival of the Spaniards. We will then go to the Cathedral, one of the most splendid Spanish colonial churches in America, which is shaped as a Latin Cross and houses about 400 colonial paintings from the Cusco art school, and impressive goldsmith, silversmith and precious stones works. Its construction lasted almost a century, it started in 1560 and ended in 1654. The Ecclesiastical Chapter ordered to extract and transport hundreds of stones from the Sacsayhuamán fortress for this purpose with the hard work of thousands of Indians. We will continue our tour at Sacsayhuamán, one of the emblematic Inca constructions (located a few minutes away from the built-up area), built by Inca Pachacútec in the 15th century. Then we will arrive in Qenqo, located four kilometers from Cusco City. Etymologically speaking, Qenqo means "Labyrinth", and it is an archaeological complex mainly used for religious purposes, and it is believed that agricultural rituals took place there. We will finally visit the vestiges of Puka Pukara, which means "red fortress" and was an architectural complex presumably used for military purposes; it has many rooms, squares, bathrooms, aqueducts, walls, and towers, and it is believed that the Inca's entourage used it while he rested at Tambomachay. After enjoying our snack, we will visit the Ollantaytambo town, a typical example of the urban planning of the Incas, whose residents still live in accordance with their old traditions. We will find a large archaeological complex which, although it is called a fortress it was actually a Tambo, a leisure city used to accommodate the delegations that traveled long distances. During the tour, we will make a stop to have lunch at a local restaurant.
In the evening, transportation will transfer us to Tunupa restaurant where you will enjoy the best panoramic view of the marvelous Main Square of Cusco and the ancestral music and folk dances, together with Novo-Andine buffet and international cuisine.
Day 12: CUSCO – SACRED VALLEY (B/L/D)
We will start our tour in the village of Chinchero, which was one of the most important populations of the Inca Empire. However, as much of its annexes, it was also a victim of the "extirpation of idolatries" action that replaced the traditional deities by Catholic ones, in order to transform popular beliefs. Then visit the archaeological remains of Maras. Maras is a surreal sight, an impressive complex of salt mining. They are large deposits of salt used for exchange for other products with other regions of the empire. Enjoy lunch at local restaurant and then visit Ollantaytambo, a typical example of urban planning of the Incas still inhabited like in the past. We will find here a great archaeological complex called "fortress" although it was a "Tambo", a resting and lodging place for long distance travelers. After the visit, we will be transferred to our hotel in Sacred Valley Cusco. Dinner at Hotel.
**In the rainy season (from December to April) Maras visit is replaced by a tour of the archaeological site of Moray, which consists of mysterious concentric circular terraces that for some investigators would be an agricultural research center.
Day 13: SACRED VALLEY – MACHU PICCHU - CUSCO (B/L/D)
A transportation service with a guide will pick us up from our hotel in Urubamba at the established time and will drive us to the Ollantaytambo train station. The guide will assist us at the station. Our tour to Machu Picchu begins with a train ride to Aguas Calientes in approximately two hours. This town is also known as "Machu Picchu Pueblo" and is the last stop before the entrance to the remains of the most important archaeological site in Peru. In Aguas Calientes, we will find the railway station, a crafts market, restaurants and accommodation of different categories for those who prefer to spend the night at the foot of the mountain and climb it early. Finally, after a short transfer, we will reach Machu Picchu, a masterpiece of engineering and architecture that is believed served as a sanctuary and retreat for the Inca Pachacutec (1438 - 1572). Machu Picchu, which means "Old Mountain", is considered a World Heritage by UNESCO and one of the new seven wonders of the world. Once in the Citadel, We may optionally also visit the Intipunku (Sun Gate), the Wayna Picchu (subject to space availability) and the Inca Bridge. In the afternoon return by train. Enjoy a delicious lunch at Belmond Sanctuary Lodge.
In the afternoon, we will take the train back to Ollantaytambo train station. Upon the arrival to the station, a transfer will take us back to Cusco.
Dinner at Novotel.
Day 14: CUSCO - LIMA (B/L/D)
Then, transportation service will pick us up from the hotel and will transfer you to Cusco Airport.
FLIGHT TO LIMA Flight time 09:50-11:15
Upon arrival to Lima airport, we will be picked up and transferred to a local restaurant to have lunch. Then, we will be transferred to our hotel.
We will have the free afternoon to explore the city and in the evening we will be picked up for dinner to La Rosa Naútica Restaurant, an elegant Victorian style restaurant that offers an eager public a complete selection of Peruvian and international cuisine, as well as the most sophisticated bar to be found on the Pacific shores. All of this combined with an incomparable view and the peace which can only be found where infinity begins.
Day 15: LIMA – INTERNATIONAL DEPARTURE (B/L/D)
Breakfast in the hotel. Late check out. Rest of day at leisure. A transportation service will pick us up from the hotel and will transfer us to Lima Airport to take our flight back to London.
*End of the services*
Price per person Fr. £4776.00 Fr. £4368.00
Single Supplement £710.00 £710.00
- Escorting Tour manager from the UK
- Transfers and excursions are in private service with local English speaking guide assistance
- All entrance fees on tours
- Lodging in standard rooms or as indicated in the quotation, with breakfast included.
- Meals duly specified in the quotation as follows:
B= Breakfast L= Lunch or Lunchbox D= Dinner
- Tips to porters at airports and hotels, except on days 8 and 9 (transfer are not required)
- Early check-in & late check out in Perú.
- Early check-in/Late check out in Chile
- Drinks, except when specifically mentioned
- Extra meals, transfers, and excursions not mentioned in the program
Hotel ATTON EL BOSQUE www.atton.com/el-bosque
Hotel ALTIPLANICO ATACAMA www.altiplanico.cl/en/altiplanico-san-pedro-de-atacama
Hotel HOLIDAY INN www.ihg.com/holidayinn/hotels/us/en/santiago
Hotel ALTIPLANICO SUR www.altiplanico.cl
Hotel JOSE ANTONIO www.hotelesjoseantonio.com
Hotel CASA ANDINA STANDARD AREQUIPA www.casa-andina.com
Hotel NOVOTEL - Cusco www.novotel.com
Hotel POSADA DEL INCA YUCAY www.sonesta.com


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Copitarsia naenioides är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Butler 1882. Copitarsia naenioides ingår i släktet Copitarsia och familjen nattflyn. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Nattflyn
naenioides


I made apple themed days of the week and months of the year strips that can be used in pocket charts or in your calendar centers. We also do sequencing and matching with them. Just print ... cut ... and laminate. You can find the patterns here.
I have posted September's Number Tracing Calendar and Calendar Numbers along with other September items to my free printables page (if you do not see them at the bottom of the page please refresh your browser).
I made an apple color match to work on color recognition skills. There are twelve different color apples along with the matching color circles. I printed the patterns on cardstock paper ... cut them out and laminated them.
I put a self-adhesive magnet on the back of each of the color circles as I do with most of my matching and cover-up activities. The magnet helps to raise the circles off the surface making them easier to pick up and they also help hold the apples in place.
In this activity children pick a color circle and put it on the apple with the same color. Play continues until all of the colors have been matched. You can grab the apple color match patterns here.
At the beginning of each school year we make all about me books so the children can get to know a little bit about themselves and there classmates. I print the pages out on regular paper and the children work on one page each day until the book is complete.
We glue the completed pages on colored cardstock paper and laminated them. I also bind them using a binding machine that I purchased several years ago specifically for the purpose of making books and games.
You can make the book anyway you want ... use only some of the pages or use them all. You can also put the books together just by placing the completed pages between to sheets of construction paper or cardstock paper.
Learning friends alphabet match and clip also added to the member's section.
The free membership printable this week is learning friends number match and clip which is a great activity for number recognition and fine motor development. I printed the patterns on cardstock paper ... cut them out and laminated them.
I made two different matching sets that the children can do ... one with a number to number match and one with a number to counting circles. I set up the number to number activity first and then a few days later put out the number to counting circles.
In this activity children find the two matching halves and clip them together with a clothespin. I set this activity out in a basket that contained both the cards on clothespins but you can set it up anyway you like. You can grab the patterns for free until Sunday August 23rd ... after that they will only be available in the member's section which is where the learning friends alphabet match in clip is also located.
Number pick and cover also added to the member's section.
The free membership printable this week is schoolhouse alphabet pick and cover which is a great activity for letter recognition and fine motor development. I printed the patterns on cardstock paper and cut the letter squares out and attached them to craft sticks. I also laminated the letter mats.
The children rolled various colors of playdough into small balls and put them in to a dish. If you do not want to use playdough (which is excellent for fine motor development) I have also included cover-up circles.
In this activity children pick a letter stick and cover up the same letter on the mat. Play continues until all of the letters on the mat have been covered up. You can grab the patterns for free until Sunday August 16th ... after that they will only be available in the member's section.


In my article listing the top five pieces of advice for running a business from home, I wrote about the importance of staying connected and organized using technology. Small business owners can keep working wherever they are thanks to a wide variety of apps. These applications will help you manage your time, your inventory, be ready for tax season, and so much more. Here are some of the best apps for small business and makers.
The old school checklist is still the easiest, best way to keep track of things. Take your "to do" list out of your head and off all those little scraps of paper and put them in one place. That's what Todoist does. You can take your list with you anywhere and add to it whenever you need to, wherever you are.
Basecamp is a very popular project management app. You can use this with a team or for yourself to add projects, create checklists, attach files, and track your progress. You can also create calendars to help monitor deadlines and other important dates.
If you are working with a team and need to get everyone on the same page, Asana has an app that will help with that. Track projects from start to finish by assigning responsibilities and monitoring progress via the app.
If you find yourself getting distracted by other online pursuits (Facebook, Twitter, and online shopping, for example), this app will help you be more accountable. RescueTime runs in the background while you work online to break down where you spend your time. It will analyze which sites you spend your time on and will help you set goals to increase your productivity. This is one of the best apps for small business because many home business owners claim time management is one of the biggest struggles they face.
Toggl calls itself "hassle free time tracking". If you need to log billable hours, this app will help you track how much time is spent on a project. It can track multiple projects at a time. If you have employees you can use this service with them, as well.
If you use Gmail or Google apps for your small business, Streak integrates with both of these to help you organize your customers. This app is great for keeping e-mails organized and for keeping track of where you are in a business relationship.
Nimble is a tool to help you manage business relationships without needing to input data. The app automatically updates itself with relevant customer information using a variety of sources, including social media.
If you have been in business for a while you probably already use Square. If you are just starting out, Square can be a lifesaver for collecting point of sale purchases. Plug a small card reader into your smartphone or tablet, and then you can swipe credit cards and process payments on the spot. You can use e-mail or text messages to send receipts, and there is an option for letting customers leave tips.
Similar to Square, Paypal Here uses a small card reader attached to your device to let you collect payments at the point of service. The added aspects of this service are the ability to process checks, electronic invoices, and payments from a customer's existing PayPal account.
You may already be using QuickBooks for your business, and the app makes it possible to work on the go. You can run your business from wherever you are. QuickBooks Online lets you send invoices, view balances, approve estimates, and link to many other apps and services that you use to run your business.
Freshbooks is another invoice and accounting program that will make it easier to spend less time accounting and more time making. Track your hours, log receipts, and send invoices using your smartphone or tablet. The service integrates with other apps listed above, such as Basecamp, PayPal, and more.
There are many different apps that will help you create cool graphics, logos, and social media images, and the list is always growing and changing. A few apps that you may want to check out to use for creating branded images are: LogoScopic Studio – Logo Maker, Makr Custom Designs and Logo, and DesignMantic.
Let us know what you think the best apps for small business are!


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The City of Moorhead is a home rule charter city operating under the Council-Manager form of government. The City Council provides for policy and legislative decisions, and the City Manager is responsible for the operation and administration of day-to-day city affairs.
Home Rule Charter City
As a home rule charter city, Moorhead is governed by the Moorhead City Charter. The charter is, in effect, a local constitution. It outlines the form of government and the range of local powers and functions.
The Moorhead City Charter may be amended. Amendments may originate from:
The Moorhead Charter Commission whose function is to study the local charter and government
A petition signed by at least 10% of registered voters, according to the last annual city election
A unanimous vote of the Mayor and City Council members
Council-Manager Form of Government
The City Manager is directly responsible to the Mayor and City Council and is appointed to the position on the basis of professional qualification; it is not a political appointment. Under Moorhead's Council-Manager form of government, the City Manager ensures that the City's operations run smoothly. As Moorhead's Chief Administrative Officer (CAO), the City Manager serves as the principal advisor to the Mayor and City Council. The duties of the City Manager are outlined in the Moorhead City Charter.
Council Composition
The Moorhead City Council is comprised of nine members, one Mayor and eight Council Members. Two Council Members represent each of the four wards of the City. The terms of the office of Mayor and Council Members are four years and until a successor is elected and qualifies for office. One Council Member must be elected from each ward every two years. City elections are held in even-numbered years.
The City of Moorhead Strategic Plan establishes the mission, vision, and values of the City of Moorhead. It outlines seven strategic initiatives that are the foundation of the strategic plan:
Governance & Teamwork
Community Safety & Well-Being
The Strategic Plan documents the goals jointly developed by the Council and staff and guides the development of the Operations Plan by the City Staff. It provides the framework for future budgeting and will include our community through honest and responsive governance, management, and citizenship.


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Historic Eyemouth Venue protected by Advanced Panels
An intelligent fire system from Advanced has been chosen to protect The Hippodrome arts centre, a newly opened community hub housed in an historic listed building in Eyemouth.
Opened in 2016 and managed by a community interest company, The Hippodrome provides as a much-needed arts centre and performance space for the local community. The landmark 1830s building was originally a granary and went through various uses, most recently as a Fisherman's Mission, before closing in 2012.
The installation of the new fire system was undertaken by the team at long-time Advanced partner Safe Services Ltd, who specified the latest MxPro 5 fire panel from Advanced. The MxPro 5 range is the leading multiprotocol choice, offering world-beating quality, reliability and flexibility.
Graeme Millar, spokesperson for Safe Services Ltd, said: "An open-protocol system was specified for the installation and, having used Advanced systems in the past, we knew their panels would be ideal for the gallery at Eyemouth. The Advanced systems offer the quality, reliability and are also aesthetically pleasing, which is a very important consideration for this installation."
The MxPro 5 panel installed at the Eyemouth Hippodrome is a single loop system that covers the entire ground floor and roof space of the building, which stages music, theatre and other performances, together with art courses and workshops. A pop-up cafe in the building, which was nicknamed 'The Hippodrome' by the fishermen who used to socialise there, offers a meeting and event space for visitors and the local community.
Ian Tod, owner of the Eyemouth Hippodrome, commented: "As well as a tourist attraction, the Hippodrome is an important venue that locals use year-round, so it's essential that we have a reliable and effective fire system that's adaptable for future expansion or upgrades. When we discussed the options with Graeme and his team, MxPro seemed the ideal solution."
MxPro offers customers a choice of two panel ranges, four detector protocols and a completely open installer network, backed up by free training and support. MxPro panels can be used in single loop, single panel format or easily configured into high speed, multi-loop panels in 200 node networks covering huge areas. MxPro's legendary ease of installation and configuration and wide peripheral range make it customisable to almost any application.
Neil Parkin, Advanced Sales Manager for the North, said: "Our MxPro range leads the multiprotocol market and offers the performance, reliability and flexibility needed by a site such as the Eyemouth Hippodrome. The installation demonstrates how MxPro panels are adaptable to all types of building, regardless of scale or purpose."
The MxPro 5 system is fully compliant with relevant EN54 Parts 2, 4 and 13, and is backed up with Advanced's renowned customer care and technical support.
Advanced is a world leader in the development and manufacture of intelligent fire systems. The legendary performance, quality and ease-of-use of its products sees Advanced specified in locations all over the world, from single panel installations to large multi-site networks. Advanced's products include complete fire detection systems, multi-protocol fire panels, extinguishing control, fire paging and false alarm management systems. More details can be found on the website at www.advancedco.com.
The above content is an advertisement feature and does not necessarily represent the views of the FIA


Home > Fashion > [Metro] Find the One that meets your everyday lifestyle needs.
Find the One that meets your everyday lifestyle needs. Fom sports to weekends with your girlfriends, Triumph will fulfil your every desire. Swing by Triumph at Metro Paragon, Metro Centrepoint and Metro Causeway Point for exclusive promotions and freebies.


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Madagasocycnelus michaelis is een keversoort uit de familie bladrolkevers (Attelabidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1955 gepubliceerd door Hustache.

Bladrolkevers


Butternut Squash Alfredo Sauce Recipe – garlic and Parmesan Alfredo pasta sauce made from butternut squash. No cream and gluten free, this 4-ingredient healthy version is perfect for pasta lovers!
Remember that time, when my pasta-loving self was blown away to learn that you can make a creamy Roasted Garlic Cauliflower Alfredo sauce from a vegetable? Well, guess what! I did it again!
I made a creamy, buttery (pun intended!) Alfredo pasta sauce with butternut squash, garlic and Parmesan. It's smooth, delicious and the color just screams fall to me. This bright orange veggie pasta sauce is perfect for pasta lovers who are looking for healthier ways to enjoy their favorite food. In other words: you HAVE to try it!!
I based this recipe completely on my Roasted Garlic Cauliflower Alfredo sauce.
After peeling the squash, I cut it into small cubes and cooked in a pot with water until soft. I had 5 cups of squash.
After cooling it, I added it to the blender along with fresh garlic cloves and Parmesan cheese and 3/4 cup of water. You can use cream or milk of course, but I wanted to keep this recipe cream free and honestly, I do not find that this sauce needs to be any more creamy.
Use vegan Parmesan cheese for a full dairy free option. This is smooth, buttery and tastes just like Alfredo sauce should: garlicky and cheesy.
I will admit, experimenting with vegetables and using them to make a pasta sauce makes me so excited. I have so much fun having my kids and my Hubby taste test it, they always think it's cool the sauce is made from a vegetable. They are already big fans of the cauliflower sauce (and so many of you are too!), I was hoping they will love this squash version as well. My kids, of course, loved that it's orange. Halloween is approaching and they are already excited. I used this sauce to make mac and cheese and they quickly called it Halloween Mac! 😀 Talk about making eating veggies fun!
Place butternut squash in a large pot and add enough water to cover the chopped vegetable. Cook over medium heat until soft. Remove squash onto a plate to cool. Reserve 3/4 cup of cooking water for the sauce.
Into a blender, add cooled butternut squash, water, Parmesan cheese and garlic cloves. Blend for 20 seconds, scrape the sides of blender, blend again until smooth.
Pour sauce into jars OR use right away in a pasta dish.
Store covered in a fridge for up to 5 days.
If we use butternut squash that is pre-cooked and mashed , how many cups would we use? I cook butter nut squash in great quantities when I find it cheap at the market. I store it in the freezer for use in dishes.
I tried the recipe as directed and it was way too much garlic. I had to use half and half to balance the flavors. Having said that it came out yummy with the half and half but I know next time to use less of directed garlic.
Can you freeze this and your roasted cauliflower sauce?
This seems like a delicious idea, however this recipe is described as no dairy but has cheese in it. I will make this by exchanging the real Parmesan for vegan Parm. Can you please revise the description and remove the "no dairy" descriptor. It is misleading for people looking for dairy free recipes.
Hey! Looks delicious, just wondering, would this have the same effect if sweet potatoes were used rather than butternut squash?
I just made this recipe and it is yummy to my tummy, as my 3 year old likes to say! Thanks!
Quick question please? Do you know if this can be frozen after it's cooked? since the kids are grown and gone,, there's just two of us.
I made this yesterday (roasted the garlic first, as in your cauliflower version of this recipe) to eat with my zoodles and it came out really good.
HOWEVER – used the leftover sauce tonight on top of my riced cauliflower and it was AMAZINGLY delicious!! Maybe it just pairs extremely well with riced cauliflower but daaaaayum was it good.
Yum! I wish I was eating this tonight!
A healthy Alfredo sauce is right up my ally. I would devour this!
This recipe looks delicious. I love that you did something different with butternut squash.
This is pure genius Anna! I bet this would make a great lasagna sauce, too.
This really looks delicious! Can't wait to try it.
My kids are Alfredo obsessed, and I LOVE this delicious addition!
I am loving this fall twist on alfredo!


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Palm Beach County Jury Acquits Man of Attempted Murder Charges
Home > Blog > Palm Beach County Jury Acquits Man of Attempted Murder Charges
October 02, 2012. posted in Felonies
Palm Beach County prosecutors attempted to convict a 34-year-old man on arson and first-degree attempted murder charges following an incident in August of last year. His former girlfriend, aged 45, claimed he beat her and barricaded her inside a burning apartment near Lake Worth on Coconut Road. In court, the jury was not convinced of these felony charges, however. During closing remarks, the defense noted that there was a lack of evidence to prove the girlfriend's claims.
The defense used a strategy that undermined the girlfriend's credibility throughout the trial. To make this point, the defense highlighted the girlfriend's claim that she stayed in the hospital for seven days because of the incident. Records from JFK Medical Center showed that she had in fact only stayed overnight.
The defense also called upon a former deputy fire marshal from Philadelphia who now owns a consulting firm. He disputed the claim made by Palm Beach County Fire Rescue investigators that the fire was the result of arson. He claimed that investigators mishandled evidence and could not prove anyone set the fire intentionally; he added that the fire was also only small and easily distinguished.
Investigators did admit that crews extinguished the fire quickly, but they maintained that it had been caused by arson because there had been proof of three separate fires within the apartment. However, investigators never found the lighter the man was alleged to have used to set the fires, and a candle was found after crews extinguished the fire.
The jury in this case came to a verdict after only two hours of deliberation. The deciding factor in their decision is unknown, but it is certain that those facing felony charges should not assume that being charged automatically means you will be convicted of the crime. Anyone charged with a criminal offense should be fully aware of their legal rights and options available to them, including an independent criminal defense attorney to mount an effective defense against any allegations.
When you need a criminal attorney in Fort Lauderdale, FL, you can contact us by calling 954-533-2756 for a free consultation.


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The Cates Law Firm – Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Attorneys ▼
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Attorney David Cates is a seasoned trial lawyer who focuses his practice on nationally-recognized complex personal injury cases, including class action and mass torts lawsuits, as well as employment discrimination and civil rights cases. David is a founding principal in the law firm of The Cates Law Firm, LLC., located in Swansea, Illinois. We proudly serve individuals and families across Southern Illinois and the Metro East region, from St. Louis to the Indiana border, including the communities of Belleville, Carbondale, East St. Louis, Granite City, Edwardsville, Chester, Waterloo, Madison County, St. Clair County, Monroe County, and Randolph County.
David prides himself in preparing every case for trial, and his excellence in the courtroom has already allowed him recognition among his peers as a member of the National Trial Lawyers' Top 100 Trial Lawyers since 2014. He has also been named as a Rising Star among the Illinois Super Lawyers.
David was a member of the trial team that orchestrated a record-breaking $95 million dollar verdict against Aaron's Rents for their corporate discrimination against a female employee. Additionally, David has litigated numerous cases earning millions of dollars in awards for his clients.
David received his undergraduate degree from Vanderbilt University and was awarded his juris doctor from Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois. While in law school, David interned with one of the preeminent law firms in Chicago, preparing for work as a trial lawyer.
After graduation from the Loyola School of Law, David joined his mother, Judy Cates, now a Justice on the Fifth District Appellate Court of Illinois, and later became a partner in The Cates Law Firm. Initially, David represented clients in work-related accidents, product liability lawsuits, medical negligence litigation, and employer-employee civil rights actions. He also served as an Assistant State's Attorney for both St. Clair County and Hamilton County, Illinois.
In December 2012, David took over the Cates Law Firm, which continues, to this date, representing workers and their families. David is a strong proponent of union rights, including the Illinois Prevailing Wage Act. David seeks to protect the rights of all families from deception and fraud used by corporate America to deceive families who have too little already, and who do not deserve to be injured through corporate greed.
Loyola University Law School, Juris Doctor
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Illinois
Board of Managers, Illinois Trial Lawyers Association
State Delegate, American Association of Justice
State Coordinator for Illinois, Public Justice consumer advocacy group
Illinois State Bar Association
Kentucky Bar Association
St. Clair County Bar Association
Madison County Bar Association
East St. Louis Bar Association
Call: 618-277-3644 Toll Free: 877-455-6376
216 W Pointe Dr Ste A, Swansea IL 62226-8313
We focus on trying complex cases involving serious personal injuries.
Let us help you obtain the results you deserve.
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Attorney Advertising Materials. David Cates, Esq. is responsible for the content of this website. This website is designed for general information only. The information presented at this site should not be construed to be formal legal advice, nor the formation of a lawyer/client relationship.


DES scientists recently reported the discovery of a potential dwarf planet located 92 times farther from the sun than the Earth is, more than twice as distant as Pluto. The new dwarf planet was discovered using the Dark Energy Camera [DECam], a scientific instrument built at Fermilab to probe the mystery of dark energy.
But as scientists on the DES collaboration can attest, DECam turns out to be a powerful tool for astronomy as well as cosmology.


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Assembly Required: No Product Warranty: Manufacturer 1 year limited warranty.
Assembly Required: No Product Warranty: Manufacturer 1 year limited warranty. Overall Product Weight: 60lb.
Assembly Required: No Product Warranty: No Overall Product Weight: 14lb.
Assembly Required: No Product Warranty: No Overall Product Weight: 8lb.
Assembly Required: Yes Number of Drawers: 2 Number of Shelves: 1 Overall Product Weight: 88.3lb.


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8.6.2011 TV Appearances
Rye Rye Lights Up 'Leno' with Robyn [Video]
Rye Rye made her late-night television debut on Friday's "Tonight Show with Jay Leno." Clad head to toe in denim, the Baltimore MC proved that big things come in small packages while performing her single "Never Will Be Mine" with Swedish singer Robyn.
Rye Rye's debut album Go! Pop! Bang! is due this fall on M.I.A.'s N.E.E.T. Recordings/Interscope, featuring contributions from her mentor as well as Pharrell, Bangladesh, and Tyga.
L.A. fans can catch her opening for Katy Perry on the pop star's "California Dreams" tour this weekend. Get to know more about this rising star in her interview with Rap-Up TV.
If you're unable to view the video above, click here.
Beyoncé Announces 4 Intimate Shows in New York
Beyoncé's New York fans are in for a treat. The R&B diva has announced that she will be performing …
Nicki Minaj Wants to Shut Down Disney World for Her Barbz
Nicki Minaj didn't let a little wardrobe malfunction ruin her day at "GMA." During a backstage interview, the blonde …