text:
Prices and Wages by Decade
Prices and Wages by Decade: 1930-1939
Links to U. S. government documents listing retail prices for typical consumer purchases, and wages for common occupations. All data is for the United States unless specifically indicated.
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Wages, 1930-1939
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COST OF LIVING / CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
WAGES -- GENERAL SOURCES (all occupations and worker types)
Federal Minimum Wage chart, 1938-2009
Chart from the U.S. Dept of Labor shows the first federal minimum wage law enacted in 1938 (25 cents), and all subsequent increases through 2009.
Minimum wage rates for teachers, by state
By the late 1930s, twenty states had minimum wage laws for teachers. Table #3 gives a summary. See greater detail for each state in the section Abstracts of minimum salary laws starting on page 23 .
Common labor starting wage rates, 1931-1934
Also breaks out the wage data by industry and geographic region.
Common labor starting wage rates - 1935
Scroll through this chapter to see numerous tables with averages and breakdowns by industry and by region.
Common laborers employed by cities - 1935
Shows starting wage data broken out by states. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin No. 627.
Manufacturing - Average weekly earnings, 1919-1960
Very simple table shows average hours and earnings for all production workers in manufacturing for each year from 1919-1960.
Union wages and hours by U.S. city, 1929-1930
Covers a wide variety of occupations, such as railroad sleeping car conductors, boat captains, music engravers and musicians, hatters, actors, barbers, turkish bath attendants, artists, office workers, store clerks, enbalmers and many more. Use the table of contents to find the page number.
Wages, hours and earnings by occupation and sex, 1928-1934
Hundreds of pages detailing the average wages, number of hours worked, and average earnings by occupation, broken out by gender and sometimes by location. Source: Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1936 edition.
Hundreds of pages detailing the wages for a great number of occupations such as firemen, policemen, fishermen, enlisted military (Army and Navy), office workers, accountants, chiropractors, dentists, engineers, lawyers, librarians, nurses, physicians, school employees, factory workers and more. Source: Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1941 edition.
Congressional salaries, 1789-present
Historical chart shows salaries of members of the U.S. Congress, along with dates of enactment and statutory authority for each pay increase.
Federal employee salaries by occupation - 1938
Tables show average wages for 117 occupational groups employed in the federal government, including architects, librarians, entomologists, chemists, accountants, postmasters, cooks, supply clerks, kitchen workers, electricians and more. Tables span pages 83-85 in this source, the Jan 1941 issue of Monthly Labor Review.
Manufacturing jobs - Earnings and hours
Part of the U.S. BLS Employment and Payrolls series, this source provides average wages by industry, not occupation. The industries however are specific, such as radio and phonograph manufacture, jewelry making, ship building and carpet/rug weaving. Click on any of the following dated reports: 1932: November, December; 1933: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December; 1934: January, February.
Farmers' earnings by state, 1934-1935
Although farm owners don't earn wages, they did have earnings through sale of farm products. See average prices received by farmers for crops, by state and average prices paid for livestock in Chicago, Kansas City and Omaha. Source: USDA Crops and Markets.
Wages and hours before and after World War I
Compares pre- and post-WWI wages, union rates, farm wage rates, hours of work, and average weekly earnings by industry. Compares the years 1914-23 with 1939-44.
Wage chronologies for selected major companies
Lists of monitored changes in wage rates in selected U.S. companies such as General Motors and Chrysler Corp. Covers the late 1930s through the 1970s.
WAGES by RACE
Negro workers, weekly earnings in 1930 and 1936
Source: The Urban Negro Worker in the United States, 1925-1936, published by the federal government as a WPA project.
Median weekly earnings for Negro males by occupation, 1930
Median weekly wage for Negro men by occupation, 1936
Urban Negro workers' earnings by sex and skill level, 1936
Wage and salary income for white and non-white persons, 1939-1960
Table compares median wages and salary income for white race and non-white races, with breakouts by sex. Provides data for the years 1939, 1947, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960. The preface states that "Negroes constitute more than 95% of the non-white residents of the U.S." Source: The Economic Situation of Negroes in the United States.
Wages by Occupation / Industry, 1930-1939
Air transportation workers - Wages, 1931
Wages and earnings for pilots, co-pilots and ground personnel engaged in passenger service or mail delivery. Crop dusters, sight-seeing tour operators, mappers and surveyors, and office workers were not included in these figures. See data for 1933 here.
Ammunition industry - Average hourly earnings, 1937
Details of workers' hourly and weekly earnings in the ammunition industry in October 1937. Hourly earnings are given by gender, occupation, and skill level.
Bakery workers - Wages by city and state, 1931
Average wages and hours of work by occupation and gender.
Bread and cake baking wages, 1931
Similar data as above but printed in a different government source. Lists wages and hours in the baking industry broken out by occupation, gender, and city.
Bakeries - Union wages, hours and working conditions, 1939
Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), No. 673
Bread-baking industry - Wages, hours and working conditions, 1934
Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin, No. 623
Beauty shop wages and working conditions
Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review v. 41 no. 2 (Aug 1935)
Boot and shoe industry workers' wages, 1910 to 1930
Wages and hours of labor.
Building trades - Union wages - 1936-1961
Choose a decade, then a publication, then click the "View" button.
Cane-sugar refining industry wages, 1930
Average wages, hours and earnings by occupation and sex and by sex and district.
Cigarette manufacturing - Wages and hours, 1930
Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin No. 532
Clerical workers' earnings, North Atlantic region, 1934-36
Income and expenditures for white and Negro families. Click a publication, then the "View" button. Next, click the magnifying glass and search for the word "earnings" in the text.
Coal mining - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933
Clothing manufacture (men's) - Wages and hours, 1911-1932
Cooks on passenger vessels based in Boston, 1929-1930
This chart of union wages shows the significant differences in pay for chief cooks, second cooks and night cooks for first class ship passengers, compared to pay earned by cooks for second class passengers on the same vessel.
Deep-sea ship transportation occupations, wage structure - 1935
Wages for chief officers, first mates, second mates etc., radio operators, boatswains, carpenters, electricians, engineers, quartermasters, wheelsmen, petty officers, seamen, cadets, deck boys, engineers, firemen, chefs, cooks, butchers, bakers, scullions, waiters, countermen, salon stewards, deck stewards, cabin stewards, smoking room stewards, wine stewards, bellboys, deck patrol watchmen (security guards), stewardesses, messmen, messboys, porters, laundrymen, clerks, food service workers such as pantrymen and buffet attendants, musicians, orchestra leaders, pursers, ships' surgeons. Separate tables by type of ship including passenger vessels, freighters, tankers, and all types of ships combined.
Dentists' income, 1929-1948
Nine-page article includes breakouts by state, by size of community, by source of income, and more.
Doctors (physicians and dentists) income, 1939-1976
Shows median net income of office-based, non-salaried physicians and dentists.
Drugs and toiletries manufacturing - Wages and hours, 1938
Shows wages and hours of those employed in the manufacture of medicine as well as toothpaste, shampoo, hair tonic, powders, after shave lotion, mostly in factories located in Illinois, Iowa and New Jersey, plus thirteen additional states. Source: Wages and hours in drugs and medicines and in certain toilet preparations, U.S. Women's Bureau Bulletin #171.
Education - Instructional staff salaries by state and race, 1939-1940
Table 7 shows average salary for instructional staff in elementary and secondary schools by race in the states of AL, AR, DE, DC, FL, GA, KY, LA, MD, MS, MO, NC, OK, SC, TN, YX, VA, WV.
Education - Rural teacher salaries by state, 1925-1935
Shows median salaries of teachers and principals by state. Tables run from pages 10-14.
Education - Instructional staff salaries by state, 1929-1946
Table 8 shows average salaries of instructional staff (principals, supervisors and teachers) for every state in every year from 1929-1946. Source: U.S. Biennial Survey of Education.
Engineers' earnings, 1929-1934
Explosives manufacture, earnings and hours - 1937
Details the wages earned in the explosives industry (dynamite, TNT, etc.) in October 1937. Includes tables which give the hourly earnings in regards to skill type, occupation, and plant type ("Big Three" or other). Weekly earnings are given by skill level, and as a percentage of employees earning a range of weekly rates.
Farm labor wages 1866-1935
Average yearly wage, reported with and without board (meals). Taken from the 1936 Statistical Abstract of the United States.
Farm workers' wages and income - 1909 to 1938
Farm wage rates are broken out by year and geographic location. Wages for farm workers are compared to that of factory workers. Article starts on page 59 of the BLS Monthly Labor Review, July 1939 issue.
Agriculture - Farm labor wages, 1930-present
The periodical Farm Labor has been in publication for nearly 90 years. It was originally published monthly, and then became a quarterly. Wages expressed in dollars can be found in every issue, it seems. After clicking on the link above, scroll down the section titled "Previous Releases." The Hathi Trust digital library has these issues as well.
Firemen - Salaries, late 1930s (link to library item)
The Municipal Yearbook shows the salaries of firemen and fire chiefs for all U.S. cities over 30,000 in population. This work is still in active copyright and unavailable online. However, we would be happy to look up a salary for you if you contact us.
Folding-paper-box manufacture - Wages, 1933-1935
Foundry and machine shop wages, 1931
Trends of hours and earnings. Earnings by occupation. Overtime and bonuses.
Furniture manufacture - Wages and hours, 1910-1931
Furniture manufacturing industry - Wages and hours, 1937
Average earning, differences by product and community.
Gasoline filling stations and motor-vehicle repair garages - 1931
Days, hours and earnings by occupation and city.
Government workers, federal - Pay scales, 1930-1949
Table shows the basic annual pay rates for federal employees of various services and grades (GS-1 through GS-18, P, SP, CAF and CPC). These are not salary averages.
Hat manufacturing industries, earnings and hours - 1939
Average hourly earnings. Variations by sex and skill, and type of plant.
Hosiery and underwear manufacturing - Wages and hours, 1907-1932
Household worker wages - Philadelphia, 1928
Shows wages for domestic jobs typically occupied by males (chauffeurs, gardeners, butler, etc.) and females (housekeepers, children's nurse, chambermaids, etc.)
Iron and steel industry wages and hours, 1907-1931
Lawyers' income, 1929-1948
Shows lawyers' incomes by regions and states, by size of community served, by the age of the lawyer and number of years in practice, by WWII veteran status, and more. Source: "Income of Lawyers, 1929-1948" in the August 1949 issue of Survey of Current Business.
Leather industry wages, 1932
Average days, hours and earnings by occupation; sex and state; and by kind of leather, sex and state.
Leather Industries, earnings and hours - 1939
Average hourly earnings, hours, comparisons.
Leather glove industry, hours and earnings -1934
Includes tables which give the percentage of people earning within wage ranges.
Lumber industry job wages and hours, 1921-1932
Manufacturing wages, 1929-1939
Mainly covers cotton textiles, shoes and paper industries. Source: Investigation of Concentration of Economic Power, Monograph no. 5.
Manufacturing - Average hours and wages, 1929-1936
Source shows wage rates and average hours for workers in manufacturing on page 16. Wages for workers with specific kinds of manufacturers -- automobiles, cigars and cigarettes, telephone and telegraph, etc. -- appear on pages 17-24
Manufacturing and construction - Wages and hours, mid 1930s
This U.S BLS source, "Trend of Employment" shows average wages and hours of work by industry, mainly for manufacturing industries and for construction jobs. Also shows average pay for PWA jobs.
Medical personnel - Income of physicians, dentists and [other health workers], 1939-1976
Median net income of office-based nonsalaried physicians, dentists and male professional workers in health professions. Covers 1939, 1947, 1951, 1955, 1963, 1965, 1967, and 1970-1976.
Mining metals - Wages and hours, 1924 and 1931
Bulletin of the United States BLS, no. 573.
Mining bituminous coal - Wages, 1933
Average days, hours and earnings. Has some comparison data.
Motion-picture theater jobs wages in Washington DC, 1931
When the movie industry transitioned away from silent films around 1928-1930, it had a big impact on wages, especially for musicians. This 1931 article from the U.S. BLS Monthly Labor Review shows average weekly wages for all movie theater jobs, including ushers, projectionists, musicians, electricians, poster artists, pages, doormen, cashiers, watchmen, cleaning personnel, and elevator boys. Wages are broken out by theaters for white and colored (Negro / African American) audiences.
Newspaper industry - Editorial staff salaries, 1930-1934
Tells average weekly salaries of newspaper reporters, photographers, artists, clerks, stenographers, newspaper executives, deskmen and errand boys. Source: 1936 U.S. BLS Handbook of Labor Statistics, p, 987-988.
Physicians, non-salaried - Average income, 1929-1949
Table shows average gross and net incomes for non-salaried physicians for each year from 1929-1949.
Police salaries, late 1930s (link to library item)
The Municipal Yearbook shows the salaries of police patrolmen and police chiefs for all U.S. cities over 30,000 in population. This work is still in active copyright and unavailable online. However, we would be happy to look up a salary for you if you contact us.
Politicians - State governor salaries, 1935
The Congressional Record reported annual salaries for governors of U.S. states and territories.
Printing Trades - Union wages and hours
Radio manufacturing, hourly earnings - 1937
Tables with the hourly earnings by skill type, gender, branch of industry, type of plant, and as a percentage of employees earning a range of hourly rates.
Railway employees - Earnings and standard of living during the Depression
Report of an investigation which studied a sample of 1,000 railway workers who remained employed during the Great Depression. The report tells how these individuals' earnings went down, and what they did to make up for the loss (take in renters, etc.)
Retail shop owner's salaries, 1939
In 1939, Dun & Bradstreet conducted a survey of retail shops to obtain data on their costs of operation. The results included data on salaries drawn by shop owners, and were reprinted in U.S. Department of Commerce publications.
Automobile accessory and parts store owner's salary
Drug store owner's salary
Florist shop owner's salary
Furniture store owner's salary
Paint store owner's salary
River towboats, wages and hours -1937
Data by occupation.
Paper box manufacturing - Wages and hours in 1933, 1934, and 1935
Bulletin of the United States BLS, No. 633
Shoe and allied industries - Wages and hours, 1939
Average hourly earnings, variations by sex and skill.
Slaughtering and meat-packing industry - Wages and hours, 1931
Includes tables that give the information by gender and occupation.
Street-railway employees - Union wages, 1937 and 1938
Wages by the hour, shown by job title and by city of employment.
SEE "Education," above in this alphabetical list.
Textile Industry - Rayon and synthetic yarn manufacturing, 1930
Average wages and hours by occupation and districts. Overtime and bonuses.
Textiles, dyeing and finishing - Wages and hours, 1930 and 1932
Include tables that break down the information by gender, occupation, and give average hourly and weekly earnings for workers.
Textile industry - Silk and rayon goods manufacture - Wages and hours, 1931
Textile industry - Silk and rayon weavers wage rates - 1934
Shows the rates of pay of weavers in silk and rayon mills in certain cities in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island.
Textile industry - Woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1910 to 1932
Truckdrivers and Helpers - Union Wages and Hours, 1939
Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics
WPA worker wages in 1939
See WPA worker pay briefly discussed on pages 549-550 of this issue. The wage depended on the worker's skill class and the geographic location where he or she worked.
Women's wages - 1930-1939
Women's wages, compared to men in same occupations
Comparison of women's and men's wages by industry and occupation. Scroll forward in chapter to see all the industry categories plus discussion of each. Taken from "Women in the Economy of the United States of America: A Summary Report," Women's Bureau Bulletin, No. 155
Monthly earnings of full time women workers in Cleveland
Breakdowns by occupation and marital status.
Monthly earnings of full time women workers in Utah
Breakdown by occupation and marital status.
Women's wages, hours and earnings by occupation, 1928-1934
Shows occupations in alphabetical order, and wages/hours/earnings for males and females who worked in those occupations. Source: Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1936 edition.
Women's wages by industry/occupation, 1935-1940
Throughout this report, wages for males and females are compared, but it is first necessary to choose an industry and then occupation. Use the Table of Contents to find a chapter and use the "jump to" box to get to it quickly.
Household workers' wages by race - Chicago, 1930
Shows wages for domestic workers employed in private homes, with breakouts by race for cooks, kitchen helpers, housekeepers, chamber maids, parlor maids, governesses, child's nurses, laundresses, and those who did "heavy cleaning." Source: U.S. Women's Bureau publication #106.
Household workers' wages by sex - Philadelphia, 1928
Shows wages with breakouts for type of household duty: chambermaid, waitress, cleaner, cook, housekeeper, laundress, children's nurse, seamstress, and more.
Wage reports for individual states - 1930s
Hawaii wages - 1939
Earnings for day and piece-rate workers. Earnings by type of work and race.
Ohio - Average annual wages and salaries by occupation, 1916-1932
The "Service Industries" chapter in this source breaks out wages paid to workers in hospitals, hotels, bowling alleys, theaters, parks, churches, country clubs, athletic clubs and yacht clubs, advertising agencies, banks, laundries, schools/colleges, and restaurants (making no distinction between waiters, cooks or bus boys). Lists wages paid to auto mechanics, office workers, window cleaners, barbers and hairdressers, bartenders in saloons, domestic servants, people working in social agencies, and more. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin, No. 613. Check the Table of Contents page for even more wages in manufacturing and construction industries and for people working in retail trades and in transportation.
Massachusetts - Wages and hours, 1935
Extensive tables run from page 1-74 in this state document, showing wages and hours for hundreds of detailed occupations, including building trades, food service, hospitality industries, brewing & bottling, printing, trucking, woodworking, manufacturing, theatrical employment, public utilities jobs, telephone operators, public transportation, barbers, engineers, radio telegraph operators, tobacco workers in cigar factories, and many more.
North Carolina - Average earnings in the principal industries, 1938-1940
North Carolina state government publication shows average hours and wages for employees in all the major industries, including furniture manufacture, tobacco factories, retail establishments, textile mills, and more.
Texas - Average weekly wages, 1931-1932
Shows average weekly wages and hours worked per week by men, women and boys in a variety of job settings, including barbershops, beauty parlors, laundries, hospitals, hotels and cafes, mercantile establishments, printing, manufacturing and more. Source: Texas state Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Wages in Foreign Countries, 1930-1939
Multiple countries
Wages in MULTIPLE COUNTRIES, 1930s
Wages in 16 European countries by city and occupation, 1931
Shows data in 71 cities across 16 European countries plus Canada and the U.S., for occupations in the building trades such as bricklayers, masons, carpenters, plumbers and general laborers. Also shows wages for furniture makers, mechanical engineers, printers and bookbinders, electricians, drivers of motor vehicles and carriages, railway workers and bakers. Wages are shown in American dollars, citing conversion rates for all other currencies.
Wages and hours in Europe and Canada, 1938-1947
Gives wages in Great Britain, France, and Austria beginning in 1938, and Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Switzerland and Canada beginning in 1939. To find actual wages and not just inflation (price indexes) look for tables that specifically mention units of money, such as schillings and pence for Great Britain, francs for France, Swedish kronor, or look for symbols like $ in the tables. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. 934
Wages in the Netherlands, Yugoslavia, and the Baltic countries, 1929-1932
Wages in the countries of Estonia, Finland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands and Yugoslavia are discussed in a chapter on pages 1153-1208 in the U.S. Department of Labor's Monthly Labor Review, May 1932 issue.
Wages in the Baltic countries, 1933-1937
Lists and discusses wages in Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania. Breakouts by industry, including agricultural and industrial workers, loggers, transportation workers and more.
Wages of seamen on American and European vessels, 1932
Shows wages and hours by occupation those on boats under the flags of Great Britain, Denmark, Holland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain and Sweden. Indicates wages for jobs such as mates, engineers, radio operators, cooks and more.
Wages in ARGENTINA, 1930s
Wages and hours in Argentina, 1930s
Article includes many data tables and extends from page 456-470.
Wages in FRANCE, 1930s
Average hourly wages in French cities, 1935-1938
This is a table which examines the average hourly wages in francs in various industries like brewing, tailors, coopers, and watchmakers. It is organized by both sex of the worker and location.
Wage rates and retail prices for French workers, 1938-47
This is an article on wage trends and policies in France (1938-1947). It describes the wages for various industries like metal work, woodworking, and transportation. It also compares their wages by skill and sex to prices. The article includes lowest page jobs, allowances for children, and compares wages across French cities.
Daily wages in French iron and steel industries, 1938
This is a table which depicts the daily wages of French workers in the iron and steel industries. It is part of a larger article on French workers and is divided by class of laborer.
Average hourly wage in the French textile industry, 1938
This table is part of a larger article on French workers before the out break of WWII. This table describes the hourly wages of textile workers in different French districts and is divided by task and sex of the worker.
French wages and wage supplements - 1938, 1946, 1947
Tables show wages for military, industry, and commerce workers, and describes how their wages changed throughout the war.
Wages in GERMANY, 1930s
Labor Conditions in Germany, 1930s-1945
Tells wage averages by industry and sex. Includes a chart showing the trend of wages in Germany, 1929-1942. Published in the U.S. Dept of Labor's Monthly Labor Review, April 1945 issue, pages 498-524. (For additional context, see the Nov 1945 issue discussing price controls in Germany, 1936-1945).
General survey of wages in Germany in 1931
Each industry is handled separately in this extensive article from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Monthly Labor Review, June 1932 issue. The following list points to most (but not all) industries covered.
Agricultural worker wages (hourly for full time work, by district, broken out by sex)
Boot and shoe manufacturing wages
Building trades wages (masons, carpenters, painters, roofers, etc.)
Chemical industry wages (dyes, drugs, explosives, etc.)
Chocolate factory wages
Tobacco product manufacturing (cigars, cigarettes, snuff, etc.)
Bakers and confectioners wages
Flour milling wages
Furriers' wages
Glass factory wages
Iron and steel worker wages
Jewelers wages
Lace making pay in the textile industry
Lumber industry wages
Metal working industry wages (machine construction, heating apparatus, shipbuilding, aircraft, railway rolling stock, scientific instruments, etc.)
Mining coal and copper
Musical instrument manufacturing
Paper industry wages
Printing trades and lithographic work wages
Shipbuilding wages
Spinners' and weavers' wages in the textile industry,.
Woodworking and furniture making wages
Wages established by collective agreements in Germany, 1931-1932
Depicts the hourly wages of various German industries sorted by industrial or textile occupations and sorted by skill-level.
Furniture making job hours wages in Germany, 1893-1932
Shows wages in both German and American currencies.
Machine-building industry wages in Germany, 1931
Shows wage rates, hours and weekly earnings for males of various skill levels, and female workers.
Building trades earnings in Germany, 1932
Chart shows wages for masons, carpenters, helpers and underground workers.
Wages rates in principle industries in Germany, 1933
Shows the average hourly wages by sex, skill level, and city, for industries such as coal, paper, textiles, confectionery, railroad, and all industries, in general.
Hours and earnings by industry in Germany, 1934-35
Several tables provide hours worked and earnings of workers in industries such as brewing, musical-instrument manufacturing, woodworking, and baking. Charts feature breakouts by skill of worker.
Average hourly and weekly gross earnings for German workers, 1935
Describes the average wages earned per hour and week and is divided by industry and class of worker.
Average hourly and weekly gross earnings of German workers, 1936
Describes the average wages earned per hour and week and is divided by industry, including woodworking, metal, and textiles, and class of worker.
Wages in Germany in 1938
Extensive, 17-page article includes many charts and wage detail for all the major Germany industries, and covers some of the years leading up to 1938.
Average wage rates in Germany by industry, 1938
Table shows average hourly wage rates for male and female workers of various skill levels, by industry. This is part of an extensive article, "Labor Conditions in Germany," on pp. 498-524 of this source.
Labor policy in Germany, 1939
The German government issued a decree establishing a complete war economy on September 3, 1939 (Kriegsverpflichteten Wirtschaft). This involved lowering wages, increasing hours and preventing employees from quitting their jobs. Although this article does not tell the post-decree wage rates, we include it here because of the important context it provides. Source: U.S. BLS Monthly Labor Review, June 1940.
Wages in GREAT BRITAIN, 1930s
Agricultural worker wages, hours and earnings in Great Britain, 1936
Shows minimum wage rates and hours of agricultural workers in England and Wales in 1936, by sex and geographic district. Also shows the weekly earnings of Scottish shepherds, plowmen, cattlemen, farm hands and dairy workers are also listed, along with the value of the job perquisites (board and lodging).
Wages in Great Britain, 1937
Extensive article spanning pages 868-895 includes many tables showing wages by industry in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Wages in INDO-CHINA, 1930s
Wages in French Indo-China, 1931-1937
This article describes the daily wages paid to workers in French-occupied Indo-China, including breakouts for the cities of Hanoi and Saigon. Table shows wages by class, sex, and location of worker.
Wages in JAPAN, 1930s
Wages in Japan, 1933-1934
Shows average wages by industry, occupation and sex in Japan, with separate tables listing wages in Tokyo and the Kobe consular district and Taiwan (Formosa). Wages are expressed both in yen and in dollars.
Wages in MEXICO, 1930s
Wages in Mexico, 1937-1938
Extensive, 20-page article includes many data tables and detailed discussion of Mexican wages by industry.
Wages in PALESTINE, 1930s
Union wages in Palestine, 1931
Union wages reported in article titled "Economic and Social Conditions in Palestine" printed in the U.S. Department of Labor publication, Monthly Labor Review, March 1932.
Wages in Palestine, 1936
Tells wages in agriculture, manufacturing and construction jobs with breakouts by sex and Arab/Jewish. Includes wages for child labor in cigarette factories.
Includes wage data for Jewish and Arab workers, with breakouts by sex in Sep 1937 and March 1938.
Article includes tables showing wage breakouts for Jewish and Arabian laborers in Palestine, working in agricultural industry, manufacturing and construction. Article also includes tables showing union daily wage rates in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and Haifa.
Wages in the SOVIET UNION, 1930s
Average yearly wages in the Soviet Union, 1929-1932
This table provides average yearly wages per industry or trade type, including transportation, education and agriculture, among others.
Payments-in-kind earnings of peasants on Kolkhoz farms, 1935-1937
This short article describes the Soviet Government process for redistribution of farm products to collective farm workers. It describes the average changes to earnings of grain per working day during the given time period.
Fixed wages for agricultural workers, 1935
This article lists specific fixed daily wages in combinations of rubles and grain in kilograms. Wages are divided by type of machine operated and amount of work completed.
Prices, 1930-1939
PRICES in FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Food prices, 1923-1936
Roadside produce stand, ca.1930
The link above provides prices averaged across 51 U.S. cities on pages 77-94 in the source. Click "more..." for direct links to retail prices for specific foods by city.
TABLE 9 shows prices for corn flakes, macaroni, rice, bread, flour, fish, meats, dairy, eggs, fruit, fresh and canned fruits and vegetables, coffee, tea, sugar, lard, margarine, shortening.
TABLE 10 shows prices for cake, crackers, hominy grits, fish, lamb, canned and dried fruits, cocoa, mayonnaise, peanut butter, corn syrup, molasses, strawberry preserves.
Alabama: Birmingham Table 9 and Table 10
Alabama: Mobile Table 9 and Table 10
Arkansas: Little Rock Table 9 and Table 10
California: Los Angeles Table 9 and Table 10
California: San Francisco Table 9 and Table 10
Colorado: Denver Table 9 and Table 10
Connecticut: Bridgeport Table 9 and Table 10
Connecticut: New Haven Table 9 and Table 10
District of Columbia: Washington Table 9 and Table 10
Florida: Jacksonville Table 9 and Table 10
Georgia: Atlanta Table 9 and Table 10
Georgia: Savannah Table 9 and Table 10
Illinois: Chicago Table 9 and Table 10
Illinois: Peoria Table 9 and Table 10
Illinois: Springfield Table 9 and Table 10
Indiana: Indianapolis Table 9 and Table 10
Kentucky: Louisville Table 9 and Table 10
Louisiana: New Orleans Table 9 and Table 10
Maine: Portland Table 9 and Table 10
Maryland: Baltimore Table 9 and Table 10
Massachusetts: Boston Table 9 and Table 10
Massachusetts: Fall River Table 9 and Table 10
Michigan: Detroit Table 9 and Table 10
Minnesota: Minneapolis Table 9 and Table 10
Minnesota: St. Paul Table 9 and Table 10
Missouri: Kansas City Table 9 and Table 10
Missouri: St. Louis Table 9 and Table 10
Montana: Butte Table 9 and Table 10
Nebraska: Omaha Table 9 and Table 10
New Hampshire: Manchester Table 9 and Table 10
New York: Buffalo Table 9 and Table 10
New York: Newark Table 9 and Table 10
New York City Table 9 and Table 10
New York: Rochester Table 9 and Table 10
Ohio: Cincinnati Table 9 and Table 10
Ohio: Cleveland Table 9 and Table 10
Ohio: Columbus Table 9 and Table 10
Oregon: Portland Table 9 and Table 10
Pennsylvania: Philadelphia Table 9 and Table 10
Pennsylvania: Pittsburgh Table 9 and Table 10
Pennsylvania: Scranton Table 9 and Table 10
Rhode Island: Providence Table 9 and Table 10
South Carolina: Charleston Table 9 and Table 10
Tennessee: Memphis Table 9 and Table 10
Texas: Dallas Table 9 and Table 10
Texas: Houston Table 9 and Table 10
Utah: Salt Lake City Table 9 and Table 10
Virginia: Norfolk Table 9 and Table 10
Virginia: Richmond Table 9 and Table 10
Washington: Seattle Table 9 and Table 10
Wisconsin: Milwaukee Table 9 and Table 10
Average retail prices for 63 foods in 51 large U.S. cities combined. Scroll forward in the source for price breakouts by city.
Food prices - May 1939
Average retail prices for 63 foods in 51 large U.S. cities combined.
Food prices - November 1939
Average retail prices of 63 foods in 51 large U.S. cities combined.
Average retail food prices reported annually from 1890-1970
This one-page table shows the average retail prices for bread, milk, eggs, meats, fruits, vegetables, coffee, beans, sugar, margarine, etc. each year from 1890-1970. Data collection took place in about 30-60 U.S. cities. Jump to page 193 of this resource for an excellent explanation of the historical table and the methodology of data collection.
Food prices paid by farmers, 1910-1943
Prices paid by farmers for a pound of butter, coffee, rice, bacon or lard. Also prices for 24-pound sack of flour and 10-pound sack of sugar. Covers the years 1910-1914 (5 year average), 1919,1929, 1939 and 1943.
Milk prices by city and state - May 1935
Gives the price for home delivery and for sale at retail stores. Milk prices were reported monthly in the U.S. government publication Crops and Markets. Click on any issue and search for the phrase "fluid milk market" to get milk prices for other dates.
Restaurant food and drink prices, 1930s
Frank's Grill, St. Louis, ca. 1935
Site has nearly 2,000 scanned restaurant menus from the 1930-1939 decade, mostly from the New York area. This is not a government resource but it can be useful for spot-checking prices for specific food and drinks at restaurants.
MERCHANDISE PRICES
Investigation of concentration of economic power (U.S. Senate publication) - 1930s
Appendix II (starting on page 242) shows ....
* Prices for ladies' foundation garments, girdles and brassieres
* Prices for ladies cheap dresses and medium quality dresses
* Prices for girls' cotton dresses, girls' socks, women's hose, women's coats
* Prices for men's work shirts
* Prices for washing machines, vacuum cleaners, radios, refrigerators
SOURCE: Monograph No. 1: Price Behavior and Business Policy, "A Study made under the auspices of the [U.S.] Bureau of Labor Statistics for the Temporary National Economic Committee, 76th Congress, 3rd Session...." Published as a Senate Committee Print.
Clothing prices paid by farmers, 1935-1939 average
See average prices for men's wool suits, trousers, overalls, work shirts, socks, work shoes and rubber boots, as well as women's silk/rayon hose, percale house dresses, underwear and shoes. Prices for sheets and fabrics are also provided. Table also shows data for 1942, 1943 and 1944.
Sears mail order catalog, 1936
This link leads to the first page of the index to the 1936 Sears Catalog. Find the item desired in the index and enter the page number in the "Jump to" box in HathiTrust.
Sears Christmas catalog, 1937
This link leads to WishbookWeb.com, a site that features historic mail order catalogs in color. Find retail prices for clothing, jewelry, toys, household decor and furnishings, gift items and more.
Price of farm tools and implements, 1937
Prices are listed in the Sears Complete Line of Modern Farm Operating Equipment catalog dated 1937. Not a government document.
Health and beauty item retail prices, 1931
Congressional hearing reports average prices of items typically sold in drug stores such as over-the counter pain relievers and remedies, shaving cream, face lotion, face powder, toothpaste, tooth brush, shampoo, eye drops, etc.
HOUSING and REAL ESTATE PRICES
Median value of owned (non-farm) homes and median rent - 1930
Indicates value of homes owned broken out by domestic or foreign born, and also by white or Negro/African-American. Median rents are also listed for these groups. Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States 1939 edition.
Cost to rent, and value of owner-occupied homes - early 1930s
Rents and home values are listed in the chapter "Housing Conditions in American Cities, 1934" on page 241 of the 1936 Handbook of Labor Statistics. There are special sections that discuss low-cost apartment rentals and tenements in New York City, and housing costs (including rentals) in Philadelphia.
Sears home plans with estimated costs to build, 1908-1939
The Sears Archive site has digitized some pages from their home plan catalogs. Selected entries in their list are clickable. Shows drawing of the home, floor plan, and estimated cost to build. For more detail, see Estimating Construction Costs by G. Underwood (1930).
Farm real estate values in Missouri, Illinois and Iowa, 1912-2018
Shows average value per acre (statewide) for farm real estate including both land and buildings. Table shows price per acre for each year from 1912 to 2018. Compares the figures to the average for all other states.
Electric Bills, "Typical" - 1938-1944, 1946-1947
Lists the net monthly electric bills for cities of over 50,000 people.
Electricity, average monthly bills for residential service, by city - 1936
Gives the price per kilowatt hour and total net monthly bill for households having various electrical appliances in 1936.
Electricity, changes in retail price -- 1923-38
Indicates prices per kilowatt-hour by areas and cities. Discusses household expenditures for electricity, and estimates the number of homes that had various electrical appliances (radios, refrigerators, irons, etc.) over the years. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin, no. 664
Changes in retail prices of [natural] gas, 1923-36
In residences, natural gas was mainly for cooking and water heating. Source: BLS Bulletin, no. 628
Coal for household use, 1931-1932
Average retail price of coal by city for April and May of 1931 and 1932.
PRICES for SERVICES
Rates charged for hospital services (two-page summary)
Source: Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1931 edition : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 541
Residential fees at "old people's homes," 1939
Article describes the services and fees charged for the care of aged in old people's homes (AKA retirement homes, nursing homes). See fee chart on page 1056 and statement on page 1059, "Assuming an average cost to the home of $410 per person per year...."
Cost to mail a letter, 1863-present
Chart shows postal rates for mailing a domestic letter. Source: the Historian of the U.S. Postal Service.
TRAVEL and TRANSPORTATION PRICES
Passenger train fare in the U.S., 1871-1933
Average railroad passenger fare (ticket price) expressed in cents per mile.
Railway passenger ticket prices - 1930-1933
Railroad passenger fares were generally calculated on a cents-per-mile basis. See full railroad passenger fare overview in the section titled "Carrier Price," in the U.S. document "Passenger Traffic Report" on pages 38-39. Also find average price per guest in dollars for compartments, upper berths, lower berths, bedrooms, drawing rooms, and private sections on reserved railway cars in the year 1933.
Bus, railroad and airfares between selected U.S. cities, 1939
Single table shows bus, railway or airplane fares for easy comparison. Source: "The National Traffic Pattern," a congressional report published in 1944.
Intercity bus fares before 1935
The Motor Carrier Act of 1935 imposed standards on intercity bus fares. This book (not a government document) explains the unpredictable nature of fares before Congress passed the law.
Car prices as shown in "Pictorial History of the Automobile"
Arranged by make and model of car. Provides good representation for the cost of a new car from 1900 through the 1920s. Less for the 1930s and after. Source: A Pictorial History of the Automobile, as seen in Motor magazine, published 1953 (not a government publication or a primary source).
Gasoline prices paid by farmers, 1910-1943
Under the heading "Supplies" in the table on page 21, this source shows the average gasoline price per gallon for 1910-1914 (five year average), 1919, 1929, 1939, and 1943.
Gasoline - Retail price in Los Angeles CA, 1933
Retail prices for gasoline in the Los Angeles area ranged from 12.5 cents to 16.5 cents per gallon in June 1933. Retail price data is also available for April 1933 and May 1933. Source: "California Refinery Market," a regular column in National Petroleum News.
Steamship fare from New York to Europe, ca. 1936
Shows summer rates. Source: American Automobile Association. For more context on the differences between steamers and classes of travel, see the section Choice of Steamer in the book Planning a Trip Abroad (1931)
COST OF A COLLEGE EDUCATION
Cost of attending college, 1933-1934
Lists average college tuition, student fees, room and board for 1933 and 1934. Turn to specific pages to see breakouts:
-Table 1. Summary of Averages.
-Table 2. State-controlled universities and colleges. Pages 11-14
-Table 3. Municipal Colleges and Universities Page 15
-Table 4. Privately Controlled Colleges and Universities. Pages 15-18.
-Table 5. Denominationally Controlled Institutions. Pages 19-22
-Table 6. Independent Technological Institutions,Including all that are publicly controlled and/or accredited by the Association of American Universities. Page 23.
Cost of Living and Consumer Expenditures in the 1930s - Analysis
NOTE: Expenditures reports might have some price data, but focus more on how much consumers and households were spending overall in various categories, like food, rent, utilities, clothing, bus fare, etc.
Cost of clothing for moderate-income families, 1935-44
Bulletin of the US.. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), No. 789
Family expenditures for selected cities, 1935-36
Provides an in-depth look at average family expenditures based on several factors.Includes city, family type, income, race, and in some cases, occupation type.
Food diets at four levels of nutritive content and cost, 1934
Describes four types of diets in November 1934, with regards to their nutritional information and costs at 1931-1932 retail prices. It breaks down cost by food product, such as milk, eggs, and fruits, as well as by city, including New York and St. Louis. Costs of food items starts on page 13.
Paper copy available in Ellis Library: http://laurel.lso.missouri.edu/record=b2114426~S1
Family expenditure in Chicago, 1935-36
Family income by occupational group, sources, by family composition.
Family income and expenditure in selected urban communities, 1935-36
Covers the west central/Rocky Mountain region of the U.S.
Standards of living in four southern Appalachian Mountain counties, 1938
Part 10 of the Social Research Report,an overview of the average standard of living of families in four counties, two in North Carolina and two in Kentucky, in 1938. Provides average family expenditures on and values of commodities like housing, food, education, and automobiles.
Standard of living for minimum wage households, Detroit MI, 1929
Ford Motor Company considered $7/day its "minimum wage" in 1929. This study shows the standard of living it provided for families of 4-5 people which were supported only by a husband earning that wage. Shows prices and annual expenditures for purchases in categories. Also details the quality of housing, typical home furnishings, etc. for these families. See pages 11-55 in the 1931 U.S. Dept of Labor Handbook of Labor Statistics.
Standards of living in seven rural resettlement communities, 1938
As a way to analyze the success of a handful of settlements established by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration for economically disadvantaged families in the 1930s, this report checked on family expenditures. Seven such communities were analyzed for this report. It is not meant to report on average prices so much as it is to show household expenditures of certain families.
Money disbursements of wage earners and clerical workers, 1933-35
Study covered 13 small cities, focusing on cost of living, expenditure patterns, expenditures for specific goods.
Study covered in 8 cities in the east north central region, focusing on income and disbursements. Shows expenditures on specified goods.
Covers five cities in the Pacific region, focusing on income and disbursements. Includes expenditures on specified goods.
Money disbursements of wage earners and clerical workers, 1934-36: Summary Volume
Expenditures on food, housing, clothing, medical care, etc.
Covers five cities in the west north central-mountain region, focusing on income and disbursements. Includes expenditures on specified goods.
Wartime prices, 1939-1941
Tracks price changes between the invasion of Poland (August 1939) and the attack on Pearl Harbor in December, 1941. The focus is on wholesale and commodity price fluctuations and the reasons behind the changes, and tracks profit margins for sellers. It does not give actual retail prices.
The farmer's share of the consumer's food dollar (1937)
Includes annual consumption by family and prices on selected food items.
Prices in Foreign Countries, 1930-1939
Sources showing prices in MULTIPLE COUNTRIES, 1930s
Click the tabs above for single countries.
Gasoline prices in foreign countries - 1936
Shows price of gasoline by the gallon, and motor oil by the quart. Source: American Automobile Association.
World retail prices and taxes on gasoline, kerosene, and motor lubricating oils
Reports prices in U.S. cents using exchange rates in effect at the time. Source: U.S. Department of the Interior.
Hotel prices in Europe, ca. 1930
Hotel prices are discussed on pages 83-88 of the book "Planning a Trip Abroad," published in 1931.
Cost of "Food basket" in the U.S. and 20 other countries, 1932
For each of 19 European countries plus the US and Canada, this source shows the average cost of a "food basket" containing a standardized selection of grocery items consumed in a typical household.
Retail prices in 16 European countries, the U.S. and Canada, 1931
Table compares the cost of a few dozen specific foods and household fuels (firewood, coal and electricity) across 18 countries. Amounts are expressed in American dollars with currency conversions cited for all foreign monies.
Prices in CENTRAL AMERICA and the CARIBBEAN, 1930s
Motion picture admission prices in Central America and the Caribbean, 1931
The U.S. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce reported movie ticket prices in Trade Information Bulletin #754 . See ticket prices for: British Honduras (Belize), Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvadore, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico.
Prices in FRANCE, 1930s
Paris, France prices listed in tourist guidebook published 1932
See book Password to Paris: Advice for the Thrifty, published in the U.S. in 1932. Not a government document.
Prices in the SOVIET UNION, 1930s
Prices of food and consumer goods in the Soviet Union, 1936-1940
This article and accompanying table list retail prices of select foodstuffs and clothing in state retail stores for the years of 1936, 1939, and 1940.
Cost of living and fixed food prices in the Soviet Union, 1934-1935
This article discusses the abolition of the ration card system and implementation of fixed food prices with the economic implications for each. Tables include fixed prices for bread, flour, meat and other foodstuffs. Also included are fixed monthly wages for workers in the textile industry.
Buying power of historic wages expressed in today's dollars
Consumer Price Index Inflation Calculator
This calculator allows you to compare the buying power of wages earned at different points in history. For example, a dollar earned in 2016 had the same buying power as 4 cents in 1913. Conversely, a dollar earned in 1913 had the same buying power as $24.24 in the year 2016.
Timeline -- Major Economic Events of the 1930s
Taken from a 75-year graphical timeline of financial events in America, the links below each lead to a single year on the chart. To see the full chart in context, go to the St. Louis Federal Reserve website.
Economic events of 1930
Reference service is available Monday - Friday, 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM
Marie Concannon, Government Information Librarian
Government Documents Department
106B Ellis Library (1st Floor East)
University of Missouri, Columbia
<< Previous: 1920-1929
Next: 1940-1949 >>
URL: https://libraryguides.missouri.edu/pricesandwages
Subjects: Business, Economics, Government Information
Tags: average earnings, average income, average salary, average wage, colonial America, cost of food, cost of groceries, cost of living, food cost, how much did things cost, income, minimum wage, pay, price of a house, price of bread, price of food, price of milk, prices, salaries, salary, union wages, wages, wages of women, what things cost


Topics Sussex County (N.J.)--History., Sussex County (N.J.)--Biography., Warren County (N.J.)--History., Warren County (N.J.)--Biography.
xi, 748 p.,  leaves of plates : ill., col. maps, ports. ; 28 cm.
This book has really tight margins which run very close to the binding.
This is an excellent source for planing your process of tracking the trvel of removal from church area to area in particular during the Revolution in New Jersey .


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text:
Posted on June 6, 2022 by Fulton County Expositor
County represented at OHSAA state meet
Archbold boys 4x2 makes podium, Swanton's Davis ninth in HJ
By Max Householder - [email protected]
Kayden Davis of Swanton over the bar at 6 feet, 2 inches on Saturday during the Division II high jump competition at the 2022 OHSAA State Track and Field Championships in Columbus. Davis would clear the next height as well but ultimately finished ninth and just off the podium.
Max Householder | AIM Media Midwest
Archbold's Gavin Bailey, right, hands off to Dane Riley in the Division III boys 4x200m relay race on Saturday at the state meet. The Blue Streaks would place seventh in the relay.
Jack Callan of Wauseon runs in the 1600m Saturday. He placed 12th in the race with a time of 4:24.68.
Wauseon's Hunter Wasnich finished up his high school career on Saturday at state in the Division II boys 3200m.
Grace Rhoades of Wauseon runs in the girls 3200m at state. She took 13th and finished the race in 11:46.24.
COLUMBUS — Fulton County athletes competed hard, however, they had trouble manifesting podium worthy performances at the Ohio High School Athletic Association State Track and Field Championships held Friday and Saturday in Columbus. The state meet was back at Jesse Owens Memorial Stadium for the first time since 2019.
The top finish in the area came from the Archbold boys 4x200m relay in Division III that placed seventh. Their quartet of Karter Behnfeldt, Chase Miller, Gavin Bailey and Dane Riley made the podium with a time of 1:31.75 in the race.
The Blue Streaks also had qualifying relay teams in the 4x100m and 4x400m, but neither of those qualified for the finals.
On the girls side for Archbold, Sophie Rupp competed in the Division III high jump. She bowed out after clearing 5 feet, taking 17th overall.
Swanton's Kayden Davis, after placing sixth a year ago at state in the Division II high jump, just missed the podium at this year's event. He took ninth after clearing 6 feet, 4 inches on his third attempt. That was also the top height Davis cleared at the 2021 competition.
Davis' best try at 6-5 was probably his second, but he was having issues with jumping too soon according to Swanton coach Ryan Borer. Being only a junior, Davis will have the opportunity to make it back down to Columbus and make the podium for a second time at next year's meet.
Swanton's Trista Eitniear finished 13th in girls shot put. Despite not making the finals in the event, she did set a new personal record of 37 feet, 2 and 1/2 inches.
The Evergreen girls 4x100m relay finished 12th and did not qualify for the finals. Representing the Vikings in that relay were Brianna Sintobin, Deanna Huffman, Brooklynn Spradlin and Andrea Van Wert.
On the boys side in the field, Jonas Tester of Wauseon took 14th in the long jump. Tester's best leap was one of 20 feet, 8 and 3/4 inches. He did not make the finals in the event.
Wauseon's Matthew Shaw finished 18th in the shot put. Shaw, who advanced to state on an at-large bid from the regional, posted a best toss of 48 feet, 2 and 3/4 inches.
The Indians also notched at-large bids from Grace Rhoades in the girls 3200m and Hunter Wasnich in that same race on the boys side.
Wasnich finished 18th in the race with a time of 9:53.76. Rhoades took 13th with a time of 11:46.24.
Wauseon had a distance runner in the boys 1600m as well, that being Jack Callan. He finished 12th and ran the race in 4:24.68.
Both Rhoades and Callan will get a chance to make it back to the state meet in 2023 as both are juniors.
https://www.fcnews.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2022/06/web1_Davis-clearing-6-2.jpgKayden Davis of Swanton over the bar at 6 feet, 2 inches on Saturday during the Division II high jump competition at the 2022 OHSAA State Track and Field Championships in Columbus. Davis would clear the next height as well but ultimately finished ninth and just off the podium. Max Householder | AIM Media Midwest
https://www.fcnews.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2022/06/web1_Bailey-to-Riley-in-4×2.jpgArchbold's Gavin Bailey, right, hands off to Dane Riley in the Division III boys 4x200m relay race on Saturday at the state meet. The Blue Streaks would place seventh in the relay. Max Householder | AIM Media Midwest
https://www.fcnews.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2022/06/web1_Callan-in-1600.jpgJack Callan of Wauseon runs in the 1600m Saturday. He placed 12th in the race with a time of 4:24.68. Max Householder | AIM Media Midwest
https://www.fcnews.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2022/06/web1_Wasnich-at-state.jpgWauseon's Hunter Wasnich finished up his high school career on Saturday at state in the Division II boys 3200m. Max Householder | AIM Media Midwest
https://www.fcnews.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2022/06/web1_Rhoades-in-girls-3200.jpgGrace Rhoades of Wauseon runs in the girls 3200m at state. She took 13th and finished the race in 11:46.24. Max Householder | AIM Media Midwest
Archbold boys 4×2 makes podium, Swanton's Davis ninth in HJ
By Max Householder
Reach Max Householder at 419-335-2010.
Hi! A visitor to our site felt the following article might be of interest to you: County represented at OHSAA state meet. Here is a link to that story: https://www.fcnews.org/sports/37179/county-represented-at-ohsaa-state-meet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In the Hot Coaching Names portion of our College Football America 2017 Yearbook I pointed out coaches, both head coach and assistant coach, that may have a shot at a head coaching job somewhere else in 2018. For instance, Lincoln Riley was on our list at press time before Bob Stoops went and retired at Oklahoma. So things can change quickly for some of the coaches we have listed here….


text:
Home Free Audio & Video Religion & Spirituality Buddhism The World's Religions
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The World's Religions
by Huston Smith
Huston Smith
8 Hrs. 30 Min.
With the recent rebirth of interest in spirituality and religion, and its effect on the life people live, the 1955 NET Series, Religions of Man is a timely and informative example of early educational television. The programs give a clear insight into the great living religious of our world: Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Dr. Huston Smith discusses their origin, founders and what each teaches as to life's meaning and the way to its fulfillment.
The first college accredited course given on TV in St. Louis, this series features Dr. Huston Smith, at the time, the associate professor of philosophy at Washington University.
Born in China of missionary parents, Dr. Huston Smith has had first-hand acquaintance with the religions of both East and West. Dr. Smiths graduate studies were completed at the University of California and the University of Chicago, where he received his PhD in 1945. He was president of the Missouri Philosophy Association and is the author of The Purpose of Higher Education, published in 1955 by Harper and Brothers. Dr. Smith taught at the University of Denver and the University of Colorado before joining the Washington University faculty. His course on The Religions of Man grew from 13 to 140 students in the first seven years he taught it. The 17 episodes that comprise this series were originally recorded on kinescope, and was broadcast nationally to millions of viewers.
For other films of Huston Smith, Please visit www.HustonSmith.org
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Q: How to inject dynamic Vue 3 html code into SetContent I'm pretty new to Vue 3 and trying to use leaflet to display a map of markers. In my html code of my main map component, I have some home made controls under the map that I'm using to filter the markers:

   <input type="number" min="0" max="300" step="1" v-model="sliderMin"> units to
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   <input type="range" min="0" max="300" step="10" v-model="sliderMin">
   <input type="range" min="0" max="300" step="10" v-model="sliderMax">

with slidermin/slidermax being computed properties:
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        return val;
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      get: function() {
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        this.updateDataPolygon(this.map);
        return val;
      },
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        val = parseInt(val);
        if (val < this.ValueMin) {
          this.ValueMin = val;
        }
        this.ValueMax = val;
      }
    },
}

I'd like to move those controls to a sidebar of my map and the sidebar component expects its content to be inserted using SetContent method:
var sidebar = L.control.sidebar('sidebar', {
  position: 'left'
});

sidebar.setContent('
Surface du logement : '+
       '<input type="number" min="0" max="300" step="1" v-model="sliderMin"> units to '+
       '<input type="number" min="0" max="300" step="1" v-model="sliderMax"> units'+
       '<input type="number" min="0" max="300" step="1" v-model="sliderMin">'+
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       '
');
map.addControl(sidebar);

When I try that, the html is displayed in the sidebar but my controls are not dynamic anymore.
Do you know how I can make them reactive again with Vue3?
Thanks a lot!
Alex

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Specialty Area 12: The Articles of Confederation
What were the failures of the Articles of Confederation and the resulting Constitutional Convention
Conflict Weblinks
Essential Questions Specialty Area 12
1. What ideas and documents and experiences with Great Britain (England) shaped American beliefs about government?
The Petition of Rights (1628)
The English Bill of Rights
2. Prior to the Revolutionary War what types, or examples, of representative government were being practiced in the colonies?
3. What powers did the central government have under the Articles of Confederation?
4. What contributed to the failure of the Articles of Confederation?
5. How did the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation affect U.S. relations with other countries?
6. What was the purpose of the 2nd Constitutional Convention? Who was involved? What was the result? Where was it held?
7. Identify and discuss the differences between the Articles of Confederation and the US Constitution.
a. Branches of Government
b. Powers of the Government
c. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
Your Thesis:
SO WHAT? While completing your research what conclusions did you draw? Why does this topic matter, how do the events you studied change history? Write a one paragraph thesis that addresses what is important about this subject & what should people remember.
Web links to Research, Project Helps and Online Presentation Assitance
Project Assistance
The "Project Assistance" button above will give you access to numerous websites that can assist you in creating web based projects. Regardless of your chosen project take a few minutes to review the available web sites, you might find something you were not previously aware of that will be of interest to you!
Willowcreek Library Texts and Tools
The "Willowcreek Library Texts and Tools" button above will link you to the Alexandria Library. Within the Alexandria library any books with the call number starting with "REF" or a number are informational texts, conversely any call number starting with "FIC", "PB", or "SC" are fictional texts. To access books tagged for the Revolutionary war, go to the search page, type in "ness rev war", and hit search. on the top right hand corner click on the "find more" box. To assist in your search, go to the top drop down menu "unsorted" and sort by "Call Number", this will categorize the fiction and informational texts,posting the informational texts (excluding reference texts) on the top; in addition it will indicate the order of the texts on the stacks. Identify the call number to find the text on the stacks.
Page Numbers in the Text Specialty Area 12
Call to Freedom
Student Created Materials
Below is an accurate and academic presentation written and presented by Nick G. on the Articles of Confederation. Student can use this information to answer the questions on SA 12 in their student workbook.
Below is a humorous and accurate presentation created and written by Jordan (and his talented family) on the problems facing the new nation. Students can use this information to answer the question on SA 12 in their student workbook.
Suggested Websites for Specialty Area 11
AP Study Guide Problems following Rev
Britain & America AFTER the Rev. War
USHist.org Economic Problems
Britain after the Revolution
PBS Problems of the New Nation
National Archives: Articles of Confederation
Suggested Novels for Specialty Area
Title: The Articles of the Confederation
Author: Renee C. Rebman
Synopsis: Discusses the Articles of Confederation that set the structure and defined the powers of the new government for its first 13 years.
Title: Storyteller
Author: Patricia Reilly Giff
Forced to spend months at an aunt's house, Elizabeth feel a connection to her ancestor Zee, whose picture hangs on the wall, and who reveals her story of hardships during the Revolutionary War as Elizabeth comes to terms with her own troubles
Title: The year of the hangman
Author: Gary Blackwood.
In 1777, having been kidnapped and taken forcibly from England to the American colonies, fifteen-year-old Creighton becomes part of developments in the political unrest there that may spell defeat for the patriots and change the course of history.
Title: Everybody's revolution: a new look at the people who won America's freedom
Author: Thomas Fleming
The story of the American Revolution featuring men and women from various cultural backgrounds who made significant contributions to the war effort.
Title: The spy: A tale of the neutral ground (CLASSICAL NOVEL, ADVANCED READERS ONLY)
Author: James Fenimore Cooper
Reprint of an 1821 novel that tells the story of a man who risked his life in service to America during the Revolutionary War
Title: Paul Revere and his midnight ride EASY READ
Author: Gary Jeffrey; illustrated by James Field
The thrilling story of one of the most famous horse rides in American history awaits readers in this book. Paul Reveres journey to warn colonial leaders of the coming British invasion is told with illuminating detail, blending important facts with an easy-to-follow narrative. Includes index
Title: Spy!
Author: Anna Myers
In 1774, 12-year-old Jonah becomes a pupil of Nathan Hale, inspiring him to question his beliefs about the upcoming revolution, leading Jonah to a decision that causes Nathan's execution.
Title: Time enough for drums
Author: Ann Rinaldi
Sixteen-year-old Jem and her servant struggle to keep things going at home in Trenton, New Jersey, when the family men join the war for independence from the British king.
Title: Attack of the turtle
Author: Drew Carlson Fourteen-year-old Nathan joins forces with his cousin David Bushnell to secretly build the first submarine used in naval warfare
Title: The Sons of Liberty
Author: Lagos, Alexander, Walker, Steve, Kramek, Oren, Lagos, Joseph
Two runaway slaves in Colonial America gain super-powers and two mentors
See Below For Available Films and Podcasts Related to Specialty Area
Rebels & Redcoats
A unique British produced documentary that shares the British perspective about the American Revolution
PBS Liberty: The World Turned Upside Down
LIBERTY! is a six-part series of one-hour documentaries for PBS. It describes how the American Revolution evolved and how a new nation was born in the aftermath of the Revolutionary War, using actors, Revolutionary era scholars, and eyewitness accounts of the time.
Liberty: Are We To Be A Nation
The American Revolution: The Story of Us
A miniseries presenting the history of how the United States was invented, looking at the moments where Americans harnessed technology to advance human progress -- from the rigors of linking the continent by transcontinental railroad to triumphing over vertical space through the construction of steel-structured buildings. The series also is a story of conflict, with Native American peoples, slavery, the Revolutionary War that birthed the nation, the Civil War that divided it, and the great world war that shaped its future."
The Constitution, the Articles, and Federalism: Crash Course US History #8
John Green teaches you about the United States Constitution. During and after the American Revolutionary War, the government of the new country operated under the Articles of Confederation. While these Articles got the young nation through its war with England, they weren't of much use when it came to running a country. So, the founding fathers decided try their hand at nation-building, and they created the Constitution of the United States, which you may remember as the one that says We The People at the top. John will tell you how the convention came together, some of the compromises that had to be made to pass this thing, and why it's very lucky that the framers installed a somewhat reasonable process for making changes to the thing. You'll learn about Shays' Rebellion, the Federalist Papers, the elite vs rabble dynamic of the houses of congress, and start to find out just what an anti-federalist is.
Who Won the American Revolution?: Crash Course US History #7
John Green teaches you about the American Revolution. And the Revolutionary War. I know we've labored the point here, but they weren't the same thing. In any case, John will teach you about the major battles of the war, and discuss the strategies on both sides. Everyone is familiar with how this war played out for the Founding Fathers; they got to become the Founding Fathers. But what did the revolution mean to the common people in the United States? For white, property-owning males, it was pretty sweet. They gained rights that were a definite step up from being British Colonial citizens. For everyone else, the short-term gains were not clear. Women's rights were unaffected, and slaves remained in slavery. As for poor white folks, they remained poor and disenfranchised. The reality is it took a long time for this whole democracy thing to get underway, and the principles of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness weren't immediately available to all these newly minted Americans.k here to edit.
The Role of Citizens following the Rev. War (according to the Dept. of Defense)
TOM SCHULER, COBBLER-STATESMAN - Department of Defense 1958 - PIN 20111 - THIS ANIMATED FILM TELLS THE STORY OF TOM SCHULER, AN ORDINARY COBBLER OF THE REVOLUTIONARY ERA, WHO PLAYED A SMALL BUT VITAL ROLE IN THE HISTORY OF OUR NATION. AS A PRIVATE CITIZEN, TOM SCHULER TOOK AN AVID INTEREST IN THE MANY PROBLEMS THAT FACED THE COLONIES AFTER REVOLUTIONARY WAR, PARTICULARLY ON THE ISSUE OF FEDERAL AND STATES RIGHTS. HE WAS ELECTED AS A DELEGATE TO THE STATE CONVENTION FOR THE RATIFICATION OF THE PROPOSED CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. AT THE CONVENTION, TOM MADE NOTEABLE CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE FORMULATION OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS, AND IN THE ENUNCIATION OF THE RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES INHERENT TO LOCAL STATE GOVERNMENTS WITHIN THE STRUCTURE OF A CENTRAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. THE THEME IS DEVELOPED JUST AS TOM SCHULER DID IN HIS TIME, THERE IS NO LIMIT AS TO WHAT WE AS PRIVATE CITIZENS CAN DO TO IMPROVE THE AMERICAN WAY OF LIFE BY TAKING AN INTEREST AND ACCEPTING OUR RESPONSIBILITIES IN SOLVING THE MANY PROBLEMS FACING OUR COUNTRY.
Shay's Rebellion 1787 - REVOLT Against the Blue Blood Masons - REAL American History
A conservative view of Shay's rebellion
The Articles of Confederation Explained: U.S. History Review
Mr. Hughes explains the basics of the Articles of Confederation including the reasons for its eventual demise. Topics include the NW Ordinance of 1787, Shay's Rebellion and the Annapolis Convention.
What Were the Articles of Confederation? | America: Facts vs. Fiction
The Articles of Confederation proved to be more trouble than help with individual states all pushing their interests and agendas, to the point of threatening the country as a whole. This video is prepared by the military channel


Here's a great deal on a 2018 Ford Mustang. This 2 door, 4 passenger convertible has just over 15,000 miles! Ford made sure to keep road-handling and sportiness at the top of it's priority list. It features an automatic transmission, rear-wheel drive, and 5 liter 8 cylinder engine. It's equipped with tons of terrific amenities, but it won't break your budget. Such as remote keyless entry, leather upholstery, speed sensitive wipers, a built-in garage door transmitter, heated and ventilated seats, front dual-zone air conditioning, a power convertible roof, and power seats. Ford ensures the safety and security of its passengers with equipment such as: knee airbags, front side impact airbags, traction control, brake assist, ignition disabling, an emergency communication system, and 4 wheel disc brakes with ABS. For added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. It also arrives with a Carfax history report, providing you peace of mind with detailed information. We have a skilled and knowledgeable sales staff with many years of experience satisfying our customers needs. They'll work with you to find the right vehicle at a price you can afford. We are here to help you.


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Home / 102 Not Out / amitabh bachchan / bollywood / entertainment / india / Jimit Trivedi / movie review / Rishi Kapoor / Umesh Shukla
The makers of '102 Not Out' employ an innovative digital strategy to promote the film
Murtaza Ali Khan 1:23:00 AM 102 Not Out , amitabh bachchan , bollywood , entertainment , india , Jimit Trivedi , movie review , Rishi Kapoor , Umesh Shukla Edit
The makers of 102 Not Out thought of an innovative digital strategy to promote their film by hosting interactions via Facebook Live with fans and media in Delhi and Mumbai. Amitabh Bachchan, who plays a 102 year old father in the movie, was joined by actor Jimit Trivedi and director Umesh Shukla for the live interaction.
Based on a Gujarati play by Saumya Joshi, the film revolves around a 102-year-old man who is full of life and has his eyes set on breaking the record for the oldest person in the world. So he is hell bent on living at least 16 more years so that he can break the current record but he finds his 75 year old son both senile and boring. Therefore, he plans to send him away to an old age home so that he has no negativity around him.
In Delhi, the fans and the media greeted Amitabh Bachchan and team with great affection and warmth. The first reactions at large suggested that the movie managed to strike the right cords. Some of those present were left deeply touched by the film which became obvious from the kind of applause that the movie received.
The USP of 102 Not Out are the performances of Amitabh Bachchan and Rishi Kapoor. The two veteran actors are at the top of their game and get good support from Jimit Trivedi who manages to make his presence felt in the limited screen time he gets. The tragicomic elements are employed to great effect in 102 Not Out which may remind some of the Hindi family drama films of the 1970s.
Apart from seamlessly employing some of the classic Hindi film songs into the narrative, 102 Not Out also uses a couple of clips of Charles Chaplin taken from the movies The Kid and Circus. The chemistry between Amitabh Bachchan and Rishi Kapoor is absolutely brilliant and minutes into the movie we only see the mismatched father-son duo and not the performer portraying them.
Responding to the question asked by the Editor-in-Chief, A Potpourri of Vestiges regarding what motivated him the most, having already achieved so much in his illustrious acting career, Amitabh Bachchan said the following (please click the play button on the video below):
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Our campus is located in the heart of Mansfield, Ohio, only a few blocks away from Ohio Health MedCentral Hospital. The MMH Campus houses a number of facilities including: The Conard House Assisted Living, the Rotary Adult Daycare Center, the Rotary Alzheimer's Center, the Mansfield Memorial Homes' Apartments, the Robert Sturges Memorial Home Apartments, and the Mansfield Memorial Homes Nursing Center. Our business administration offices are located in the Scattergood House, while the inpatient and outpatient Therapy Center is located in the MMH Nursing Center facility.
To learn more about our services or to schedule a tour of our campus, please fill out our Contact Us form, or give us a call at 419.774.5100.


MOTIVATED SELLERS! Fabulous location" 3 bedroom & 2 1/2 bath with a 3 car over sized "MAN CAVE". Man level features ceramic tile foyer leading to an open vaulted great room with upscale ceiling fan, formal dining room both with vaulted ceiling. Spacious kitchen includes plenty of wood cabinets, plant shelf & all appliances stay. Three bedrooms are also on the main level, including the large master bedroom suite with full bath. Skylights in both baths bring in plenty of natural light. Six panel doors. Large family room in the LL features a beautiful brick wood-burning fireplace, possible 4th bedroom & 1/2 Bath. Walk out from the lower level to the private backyard oasis. Including privacy fence & an awesome patio featuring a fire pit. The large front and side yards are also beautifully landscaped with plenty of open space. Recent updates include freshly painted, flooring,dishwasher, hot water heater, roof with 30 year architectural shingle & windows. Over 2500 sq ft of living space.


Rebecca & Ryan dreamt of a snowy January wedding. During our bridal consultation she told me their dream involved a couple of inches of snow to create beautiful photographs. I'm not going to lie, I was a bit skeptical. Right around this time last year we had a giant snow storm.
The week of the wedding Rebecca & I obsessively text one another planning what we would do if it snowed, rained or was sunny. Mid-week it was apparently to us that a little bit of rain would occur. We were armed with a game plan going into their day.
The wedding went off without a hitch at St. Agnes Catholic Church. Rebecca never stopped smiling at her handsome groom. The readings were perfection. It was the perfect wedding.
By the time the ceremony ended we had conceded to the fact it was going to rain all day. Our timeline forced us to be out of the church thirty minutes after the ceremony ended and Rebecca wanted outside photos. Thankfully for us the WV State Capitol was open despite it being Inauguration weekend. We managed to stay (mostly) dry by hiding out under the awning for the majority of their formal photos.
After dodging rain and having to get a little creative we settled in for the last few hours of their day at the Clay Center for the Arts & Science. The reception was absolutely stunning with the most unique cake topper I have seen in a long time. It was a fabulous party!
Thank you Rebecca & Ryan for being the most patient, laid back and fun loving couple on earth. Many people would have allowed the disappointment of Mother Nature not playing nicely with us to ruin their spirits but you never stopped smiling. It was a small obstacle to overcome but it was your first MARRIED obstacle and you overcame the rain with grace & patience. I have no doubt you'll have a fabulous life together and hopefully for your 1st anniversary Mother Nature will play nice and snow for you. Congratulations!
A very special thank you to Jeremy at Party Time DJ Services for being so fabulous during the wedding. We were on a tight timeline and he kept things upbeat & flowing amazingly well. And to Brittany Paul from Brittany Paul Photography for being my assistant for the day. It was not an easy job but you stuck with me and I'm grateful.


The crisp, rich sound of our bronze bells can be heard ringing around the world. With our bronze bells we offer a wide variety of rings such as a call to prayer, Angelus, funeral tolls, wedding peals, the Westminster chimes, the Oxford chimes, as well as a custom bell ringing schedule. If you need a chime, let our expert staff determine how many bells you would need to reach the notes or tunes that you desire. Whether it's one or forty bells we can help shape your project around a budget and specific ringing applications.
We offer swinging or a stationary bells, we can design the frame or simply provide the bells you need. Each bell is tuned to the proper note as well as inscribed with a name, logo, or a special message. Let us supply new cast bronze bells for your carillons, cast bell chimes, your college or university, civic center, church, clock and bell tower, fire station, or city center.
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Government College of Education at Komarapalayam is a NAAC Accredited institution with 'B' Grade. The college was started during the year 1955-56 and housed in the Government High School, Komarapalayam. The college started functioning in the present building situated on a ground area about 19.5 acres from 05.03.1972 onwards.
The college is fully institutionalised by Government and is a Co-Education institution imparting training on Education and mentoring students to be the teachers for the future India.
In 1986-87 a permanent Hostel building for men and in the year 1993-94 a hostel for women students were opened. The sanctioned strength for B.Ed is 100. The college was affiliated to the Periyar University, Salem from 1998 to 2008.
From 2008-2009 the college is affiliated to Tamilnadu Teacher's Education University, Chennai.


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2023 FITZCARRALDO EDITIONS/MAHLER & LEWITT STUDIOS ESSAY PRIZE
The Fitzcarraldo Editions/Mahler & LeWitt Studios Essay Prize, an annual competition for unpublished writers, is open to submissions from 9 January to 13 March 2023.
Initially made possible by an Arts Council Grant in 2015, the prize awards £3,000 to the best proposal for a book-length essay (minimum 25,000 words) by a writer resident in the UK & Ireland who has yet to secure a publishing deal. In addition to the £3,000 prize the winner has the opportunity to go on residency at the Mahler & LeWitt Studios in Spoleto, Italy, to work on their book. The book will then be published by Fitzcarraldo Editions.
The 2023 Essay Prize will be judged by an editorial committee composed of Joanna Biggs, Brian Dillon, Joanna Kavenna, Max Porter and Jacques Testard. The judges are looking for proposals for essays that explore and expand the possibilities of the essay form, with no restrictions on theme or subject matter. The prize aims to find the best emerging essay writers and to give them a chance to develop and showcase their talent. It also provides the winner with their first experience of publishing a book, from the planning, research and writing of it through to the editing, production and publicity stages.
Marianne Brooker won the 2022 Fitzcarraldo Editions/Mahler & LeWitt Studios Essay Prize for her proposal Intervals, an essay about choice, interdependence and end-of-life care. Blending memoir, polemic and feminist philosophy in order to transform grief into a resource for politics, Intervals explores the space between proximity and complicity, charting the author's care for her mother as she refused food and water at the end of her life, determined to end her suffering from Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. The other shortlisted authors, chosen from 124 entries, were Chloe Evans for Elastic Bands, Holly Isard for Molecular Visions, Benoit Loîseau for Fast, Oliver Shamlou for Shabaneh and Radio Silence by Stephanie Y. Tam. The 2022 Essay Prize was judged by Joanna Biggs, Brian Dillon, Joanna Kavenna, Max Porter and Jacques Testard.
Heather McCalden was awarded the 2021 Fitzcarraldo Editions/Mahler & LeWitt Studios Essay Prize with The Observable Universe, a prismatic account of grief conveyed through images, anecdotes and Wikipedia-like entries, calibrated specifically for the Internet Age. Centred on the loss of her parents to AIDS in the early '90s, The Observable Universe questions what it means to 'go viral' in an era of explosive biochemical and virtual contagion. It will be published by Fitzcarraldo Editions in January 2024. The other shortlisted entries were Q is for Garden by Jenny Chamarette, The Report by Joshua Craze, Terra Nullius by Joanna Pidcock, The Raven's Nest by Sarah Thomas, and Broken Rice by April Yee. The 2021 Essay Prize was judged by Joanna Biggs, Brian Dillon, Joanna Kavenna, Max Porter and Jacques Testard.
Thea Lenarduzzi was awarded the 2020 Fitzcarraldo Editions/Mahler & LeWitt Studios Essay Prize with her proposal for Dandelions, a family memoir and social history about two women piecing together themselves and each other from the fragments of four generations' worth of migration between Italy and England, and the stories scattered along the way. Dandelions was published by Fitzcarraldo Editions in September 2022. The other shortlisted entries were Not Revolving by Rashed Aqrabawi, Black Space in the Basement by Elliot C. Mason, Which As You Know Means Violence by Philippa Snow, We Blew Them Into Shards of Dust by Sean Stoker and Mrs Gargantua: Cuba, the United States and the New Man by JS Tennant. The 2020 Essay Prize was judged by Joanna Biggs, Brian Dillon, Joanna Kavenna, Paul Keegan and Jacques Testard.
In 2019, Polly Barton was awarded the fourth iteration of the Fitzcarraldo Editions/Mahler & LeWitt Studios Essay Prize for Fifty Sounds, an attempt to exhaust her obsession with the country she moved to at the age of 21, before eventually becoming a literary translator. From min-min, the sound of air screaming, to jin-jin, the sound of being touched for the very first time, from hi'sori, the sound of harbouring masochist tendencies, to mote-mote, the sound of becoming a small-town movie star, Fifty Sounds is a personal dictionary of the Japanese language, recounting her life as an outsider in Japan. Fifty Sounds was published by Fitzcarraldo Editions on 14 April 2021. The other four shortlisted entries were On Lunar Thinking by Amy Budd, There is California Champagne: Dignity and Work at the End of the World by Michael Docherty, Tender as Memory by Maria Howard, and Common Periwinkle by Bryony White. The 2019 Essay Prize was judged by Joanna Biggs, Brian Dillon, Joanna Kavenna, Paul Keegan and Jacques Testard.
In 2018, Joanna Pocock won the prize for Surrender, a narrative non-fiction work on the changing landscape of the West and the scavenger, rewilder and Ecosexual communities, inspired by a two-year stay in Montana. Surrender was published by Fitzcarraldo Editions in May 2019. The other five shortlisted entries were A Woman's Place by Rachel Andrews, Oliver Basciano's Tichileşti, Felix Bazalgette's Natural Magic, Gay Bar by Jeremy Atherton Lin, and Rebecca Perry's Four Invocations. The 2018 Essay Prize was judged by Joanna Biggs, Brian Dillon, Joanna Kavenna, Paul Keegan and Jacques Testard.
In 2017, Katy Whitehead was awarded the prize for Adventures in Synthetic Fun, an essay exploring the concept of 'synthetic fun' coined in the 1960s by Jeremy Sandford, and the changing nature of fun in an era of increasing automation, disputed oppression, widespread affective labour, illusory meritocracy, costly social mobility, divisive politics, and a degraded imagination. The other four shortlisted entries were Wolf: An Anatomy of an Illness by Elinor Cleghorn; English as a Foreign Language by Evan Harris; Other, Mixed by Will Harris; and Possession by Rebecca Ley. The 2017 Essay Prize was judged by Joanna Biggs, Brian Dillon, Joanna Kavenna, Paul Keegan and Jacques Testard.
In 2016, Matthew McNaught was awarded the inaugural Fitzcarraldo Editions/Mahler & LeWitt Studios Essay Prize for Immanuel, an essay about faith, doubt and radical religion, inspired in part by his experiences growing up in an evangelical Christian community in the south of England. Immanuel was published by Fitzcarraldo Editions in June 2022. The other four shortlisted entries were Corona by Felix Bazalgette; Bad For You by Alice Hattrick; Growing up Modern by Jennifer Kabat; and Double-Tracking by Rosanna Mclaughlin. The 2016 Essay Prize was judged by Joanna Biggs, Brian Dillon, Paul Keegan, Ali Smith and Jacques Testard.
THE MAHLER & LEWITT STUDIOS
The Mahler & LeWitt Studios are established around the former studios of Anna Mahler and Sol LeWitt in Spoleto, Italy. The residency programme provides a focused and stimulating environment for artists, curators and writers to develop new ways of working in dialogue with peers and the unique cultural heritage of the region. For more information please visit mahler-lewitt.org.
Joanna Biggs is a writer and editor at Harper's and co-founder of Silver Press. Her book about the way we work, All Day Long, was published by Serpent's Tail in 2015. Her second book, A Life of One's Own, is out with Weidenfeld & Nicolson in May 2023.
Brian Dillon is a writer and critic. His books include Suppose a Sentence (Fitzcarraldo Editions, 2020), Essayism (Fitzcarraldo Editions, 2017), The Great Explosion (Penguin, 2015), Objects in This Mirror: Essays (Sternberg Press, 2014), Sanctuary (Sternberg Press, 2011), Tormented Hope (Penguin, 2009) and In the Dark Room (Penguin, 2005; Fitzcarraldo Editions, 2018). He teaches creative writing at the Queen Mary. Affinities, a book about the intimate and abstract pleasures of reading and looking, will be published by Fitzcarraldo Editions in February 2023.
Joanna Kavenna is the author of The Ice Museum (Viking, 2006), Inglorious (Faber & Faber, 2007), The Birth of Love (Faber & Faber, 2011), Come to the Edge (riverrun, 2012), A Field Guide to Reality (riverrun, 2017) and Zed (Faber & Faber, 2019). Her writing has appeared in the New Yorker, Guardian, Observer, Telegraph, Spectator, London Review of Books and New York Times and she has held writing fellowships at St Antony's College Oxford and St John's College Cambridge. In 2011 she was named as one of the Telegraph's 20 Writers Under 40 and in 2013 was listed as one of Granta's Best of Young British Novelists. She lives in Oxfordshire.
Max Porter is the author of Grief Is the Thing with Feathers (Faber & Faber, 2016), winner of the International Dylan Thomas Prize and shortlisted for the Guardian First Book Award and the Goldsmiths Prize; Lanny (Faber & Faber, 2019), longlisted for the Booker Prize; and an essay, The Death of Francis Bacon (Faber & Faber, 2021). His latest novel, Shy, is forthcoming in April 2023 from Faber & Faber.
Jacques Testard is the publisher of Fitzcarraldo Editions and a founding editor of The White Review.
Please read these eligibility and entry rules carefully before submitting. Submission of an entry is taken as acceptance of the entry rules. For any queries not covered below, please email info@fitzcarraldoeditions.com.
1) The competition is open to unpublished writers residing in Great Britain and Ireland only.
2) Entrants should submit a proposal for a book-length essay (over 25,000 words) to essayprize@fitzcarraldoeditions.com. The proposal itself should be no longer than 5,000 words. Entrants may also submit a separate writing sample of up to 5,000 words. Proposals and samples should be double-spaced, 12pt.
3) Each proposal should outline the subject matter, scope, style and structure of the proposed essay, and include a word count, delivery date and biographical note.
4) The proposals must be original, not previously submitted to a publisher. The writing sample may be previously published work.
5) Entries can also be sent by post to Fitzcarraldo Editions, A103, 8-12 Creekside, London SE8 3DX.
6) Only submissions received by email or by post by midnight on 13 March 2023 (GMT) will be considered.
7) Entries that are incomplete, are corrupted or submitted after the deadline will not be considered.
8) The entry must be the entrant's own original creation and must not infringe upon the right or copyright of any person or entity.
9) Co-authored entries will not be accepted.
10) Writers who have existing contracts, or who have previously held contracts, with publishers for books of fiction or non-fiction are not eligible to enter.
11) Writers who have published writing (fiction or non-fiction) in magazines and journals are eligible to enter.
12) Writers who have published books of poetry are eligible to enter.
13) Writers may submit only one proposal per iteration of the prize.
14) The proposed essay must be written in English (no translations).
15) Submissions must be made by the author of the proposal.
16) There are no age restrictions.
17) When submitting, please include a short covering letter including your contact details, your name and the title of your proposed essay. The covering letter should be in the same document as your submission. Entrants should also submit a separate one-page cover letter on how they propose to use the residency at the Mahler-LeWitt Studios.
18) Submissions from writers residing outside of Great Britain and Ireland will not be considered.
19) All submissions should include page numbers.
20) The essay must be original and should not have been previously published anywhere in full or in part. Published work is taken to mean published in any printed, publicly accessible form, e.g. anthology, magazine, newspaper. It is also taken to mean published online, with the exception of personal blogs and personal websites.
21) A meeting will be organised with all shortlisted writers to discuss their book proposal before the award of the prize.
22) Unsuccessful entrants will not be contacted.
23) No editorial feedback will be provided to unsuccessful entrants.
24) The decision of the judges is final and no correspondence will be entered into regarding the judging process.
25) Fitzcarraldo Editions will have the exclusive right to publish the winning essay once it has been written, but reserves the right not to publish.
26) Only submissions which meet all Terms and Conditions will be considered.
27) By entering this competition, each entrant agrees to be bound by these Terms and Conditions.


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Positivity rate hits 15% after holiday weekend
Olivia Frain
By: Abby Isaacs
BALTIMORE (WMAR) — More than 25,000 COVID-19 cases were reported over the holiday weekend and doctors fear that's only the tip of the iceberg, as people come back from traveling and holiday gatherings.
"I fear for what is going to happen next," said Dr. Christopher Thompson, a biologist and associate professor at Loyola University Maryland.
Since Christmas Eve, the 7-day positivity rate increased 2 percent, now at almost 16 percent. It's evidence of the omicron variant's rapid spread.
"This really concerning and this is before we see the data from people coming back after visiting family after the holidays," said Thompson.
Hospitals are already getting stretched to their breaking points. As of December 261,584 people are hospitalized because of COVID.
According to a hospital alert tracking system used by EMS, many hospitals across the area have been on red alert for hours, meaning they don't have any more in-patient critical care beds, not only for COVID patients but for all emergencies.
"We have people with influenza. We have people with RSV. We have people with cancer. We have people who need lifesaving surgeries and some of these hospitals are at or over 110% capacity," said Thompson.
The spread has also caused stress on testing infrastructure; long lines, no available appointments and still record numbers of people getting tested.
But as for other COVID mitigation techniques, Thompson said people are not taking those as seriously to stop the spread.
"I was out with family doing some shopping today and the number of people not wearing masks was remarkable. I'd see people coughing and sneezing and not wearing their masks.
Local and state politicians have said they don't want another shut down.
Thompson worries something might have to give if hospitals cannot handle the load.
"I do have some concerns that we may have to take more drastic measures if we as individuals are no longer taking the appropriate counter measures to this virus," said Thompson.
December 27 is the first Monday of city-run testing in Baltimore, after the change last week. The Hope City Church site will also have at-home test kits available.