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From Santa Monica Studio and creative director Cory Barlog comes a new beginning for one of gaming's most recognizable icons in the epic PlayStation 4 entry in the God of War franchise. Living as a man outside the shadow of the gods, Kratos must adapt to unfamiliar lands and a second chance at being a father. Together with his son Atreus, the pair will venture into the brutal Norse wilds to fulfill a deeply personal quest.


FMLA CA stands for Family and Medical Leave in California. Human Resource administrators encounter many challenges when faced with requests from employees for leaves of absence. No one law covers the leave of absence and each individual case plays out differently according to an employee's needs.
Along with the FMLA, California has the California Family Rights Act, also referred to as CFRA. These two pieces of legislation have conflicting mandates; partially, some overlap and cover a wide range of options. CFRA applies to employers who have 50 or more employees. Compliance remains mandatory. Employers must post notices of the FMLA as well as the CFRA in common areas explaining what the employee's family leave rights are.
Failure on the part of an employer to comply with these laws have created some of the most litigated employment law cases that have resulted in large liabilities. Some major differences between the two acts list as FMLA has a qualifying need that gives time off for employees who have family members in the military. In a 12-month period, it can be as long as 26 weeks to care for an ill or injured military person.
These two pieces of legislation also state that employers shall not retaliate or discriminate against employees who use the FMLA or CFRA. This includes any cases where employees give testimony on violations of the acts as well.
To be covered under the FMLA and CFRA, an employee must work for a private employer who retains 50 or more employees on the payroll during each of any 20 or more calendar weeks in a year as well as the previous calendar year. All public employers have coverage for their employees regardless of the number on the payroll.
Employees on the payroll who have not earned compensation will be covered under the FMLA. It also includes part time employees, commissioned employees, and employees on leave under other programs.
Subtle differences exist between these two pieces of legislation regarding employees asking for family or medical leave under the law(s). First, it is important to understand that FMLA and CFRA, when taken, will run simultaneously and overlap. During portions of a family or medical leave, sometimes only the FMLA will function and at other times only the CFRA will function. A medical or family leave needs to be very carefully put together by personnel that are familiar with the rules and how they apply for the situation the employee is in.
Specific criteria exist for employment eligibility with the CFRA; this law states that a worker must have been employed for at least 12 months and worked at least 1,250 hours prior to the leave start date. It takes 50 or more employees at a work site within a range of 75 miles of the worksite to become eligible. In any given12-month period, an employee can take 12 weeks of family/medical leave. Start exploring early which options make the most sense for your situation. Make a plan and then chat with the employer. Determine which portions will be paid leave and which portions will not be paid. Be flexible on the start time of a leave if possible.
Leave may be taken consecutively or intermittently. No problem should exist for a worker to make short increments such as days, weeks or even hours as long as it is cleared with the employer. Supplementing the CFRA, the FMLA concurrently can take up to 26 weeks per 12-month period and that includes any injured military service members. Be aware that an employer can temporarily transfer an employee to position better suited for intermittent leave. Alternate positions must have the same pay and benefits as the original position.
An employer can require an employee to retrieve a medical certification from a healthcare professional before granting the medical leave if the request from the employee is for a serious illness in them or a family member. The information on the certificate will not have details but will essentially verify that the doctor attests to the employee or family members having the illness. Medical privacy laws forbid sharing detailed medical information. For the medical leave to become granted, it must have the ranking of a serious medical condition and not a common ailment. Serious health condition is defined as a physically or mental injury, illness, or impairment that meets at least one set of criteria that a physician uses to evaluate a patient.
Presently, most family/medical leave remains unpaid. Employees can use their paid sick time, compensation time, and vacation time in addition to their family/medical leave. Employers may require that paid leave be used first before using family/medical leave. In California, employees with healthcare insurance benefits, pension payments, and even retirement payments should continue being paid during the family/medical leave.
These two pieces of legislation protect the employee's job. The employee's job must be held until such time the employee returns or a comparable position identical to the employee's original position defined by pay, benefits, and same working conditions must be provided to the employee. This includes any fringe benefits, status levels, and privileges. Duties and responsibilities must be similar and take equivalent skill along with effort, authority, and responsibility. The location must remain similar with a similar shift or equivalent work schedule. Though not absolute, it assures that the employer treats the employee fairly in such a situation. If this rule is violated, then an employer can become subject to a civil lawsuit or administrative proceedings. Supervisors can be held personally liable if the family and medical leave laws go ignored. On the other side, harsh penalties for lying about an illness or falsifying certifications of an illness will descend upon an employee who abuses such privilege.
Birth, adoption, and placement in foster care are issues that have been handled differently than a serious illness. The CFRA provides a two-week minimum duration for these life events. Employers grant leave in increments of at least one day or less than two weeks on two separate occasions. This makes the CFRA especially flexible for this type of life need. If parents work for the same employer, then the 12 weeks of CFRA family/medical leave becomes shared between the two for the above-mentioned life events.
Salaried employees that rank among the top 10% of earners at a work site and live within a 75-mile radius of work remain eligible for family/medical leave. In this case, the employer's discretion determines if an employee would be reinstated to his or her previous job. The restoration depends on how it affects the employer's business. The employer must tell the salaried employee they will not be reinstated. If the employee has taken the leave, then the employer must give the employee an opportunity to return to work after giving notice. If the employee does not agree, he or she may file a wrongful discharge claim stating that the CFRA policy was violated.
Pregnancy leave has different rules. Private employers employing five or more employees as well as public employees must give up to four months of leave of a pregnant employee. It does not matter how long a woman has worked for the company or if the work schedule was full or part-time under the Federal Employment and Housing Commission. If it lists as pregnancy, childbirth, or any related conditions, the woman receives pregnancy disability leave. A pregnant employee should give notice as soon as possible. The worker is entitled to 28 weeks of leave during the 12-month period if she is qualified for the CFRA or the FMLA leave in addition to the FEHA leave. Employers may require that the female worker use accrued vacation time or sick leave as part of the pregnancy disability leave. State employee's pregnancy disability leave remains slightly different and became classified under the NDI program.
If you need help with creating a family medical leave policy, you can post your legal need on UpCounsel's marketplace. UpCounsel hires only the top 5 percent of lawyers into its site. Most have 14 years of legal service and have worked with small business to corporates. Their level of expertise ensures you the best and latest legal advice.


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text:
Review- 'The Deer Hunter' (1978)
meathookcinema	in Entertainment, film	 July 19, 2018 July 19, 2018 789 Words
I was umm-ing and ahh-ing about going to see this at my local cinema. It was a one-off showing of the 4K Blu ray print and the chance of seeing this on the big screen was too much of a rare occurrence to knock back. The reason for my reticence was that when I had previously seen the film for the first time (in about 1993) I had loved it but the actual subject matter was so traumatising and shocking. It's not often that I experience this when it comes to film and so I was erm, keen to see if this film was just as raw as it had been all of those years ago.
And the simple answer is yes. It still packs one hell of a punch with it's unblinking view of how vile war really is.
But before the war scenes we are presented with the slowww build-up in the small town of Clairton, Pennsylvania. Some critics have said that there is too much emphasis on this section of the film but I think it's necessary to get under the skin of the characters and fully experience their lives. This isn't some romanticised vision of American life especially as we see Meryl Streep's character Linda having to endure a physically abusive father. We also see that the group of guys who constitute the main characters within the film argue, bicker and fight as well as being part of a tight pack of friends and drinking buddies.
The original newspaper ad for the Leeds screening
Contrast this section of the film with the all too sudden Vietnam sequences and you'll see that whereas the Pennsylvania sequences feel like every minute detail is being recorded, the Viet Cong second act zips by very quickly indeed. One second we see the Vietnamese troops approaching the next we see the main characters in a bamboo cage. The pace of the film directly depicts the events being depicted- the slowness of small-town life as opposed to the surreal rush of the unfathomable events taking place in Vietnam.
The film also brilliantly depicts Post Traumatic Stress Disorder which had very rarely been tackled in a war film before this. Men had stereotypically been depicted in this genre as tough, unrealistically resilient and untouched by the atrocities of war. Witness Nick's meltdown in the sanatorium and Michael's emotional and overwhelming return to his hometown after the horror that he's witnessed and been forced to participate in.
The film also perceptively depicts how destructive the mind can be when such trauma has been experienced. It's no accident that Nick stumbles into a Russian Roulette gambling ring, just as it's no accident that Michael is already in the audience there watching this ghoulish spectacle.
The Deer Hunter proved to be very controversial when it was originally released. There were criticisms that the film was a distortion of the truth as it was felt by some to be so one-sided and so relentlessly pro-American. I don't really have a problem with the film's narrative as it doesn't suggest that the American troops in this war weren't committing atrocities of their own. A viewer would have to be pretty naive to think that all American soldiers were good and all Vietnamese bad.
There was also criticism regarding the Russian Roulette scenes with critics saying that this never actually happened during the Vietnam War (although director Cimino said that he had read accounts of this being utilised by the Vietnamese). It really doesn't matter either way- these scenes act as a very powerful metaphor for the horrors of war.
I love the fact that Jane Fonda criticised the film and referred to the film's protestors as 'friends' but then admitted that she hadn't actually seen the film. Some things never change- protestors are going to criticise a film on what they've heard about it rather than seeing the film firsthand and then forming an opinion on the events depicted therein.
The scenes between Robert De Niro and Meryl Streep stand out in a film that contains uniformly brilliant performances. You get the idea that you're privileged to be witnessing arguably the best actor and actress of their generation at the peak of their game and the results crackle with electricity.
The scene in which the characters sing 'God Bless America' is masterful as it will be interpreted by the audience according to their political beliefs and if they thought the Vietnam War was justifiable or not. Is this scene ironic, sarcastic or totally sincere?
A tough watch but thats to be expected because of the subject matter. A must see film for any self-respecting fan of cinema.
Review- 'The Night Porter' (1974)
Review: Crystal Lake Memories (2013)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Blame game! - McNeill, Bartlett in spat over proposed tourism workers pension scheme
Published:Saturday | December 15, 2018 | 12:00 AMJanet Silvera
Janet Silvera
WESTERN BUREAU:
Opposition Spokesman on Tourism Dr Wykeham McNeill is incensed by the constant delay in the introduction of the long-promised tourism workers pension scheme.
According to McNeill, when he demitted office in 2016, "everything was in place" for a full roll-out of the scheme, including a memorandum of understanding with the Jamaica Hotel and Tourist Association (JHTA) to start a contributory pension scheme for the entire sector.
He said the scheme was to have started in January 2017, but Minister of Tourism Edmund Bartlett has missed four deadlines that were set by the tourism ministry since then.
"One of the things I fought for most was the pension scheme, and I must say it here today, I am distressed, annoyed, angry. We are now at the end of 2018 and the pension scheme still has not been brought to Parliament.
"I feel it is a disgrace because, quite frankly, it is the thing that will make a paradigm shift in tourism," said McNeill during his keynote address at the annual meeting of the UDrive Association of Jamaica last week.
But in a quick response, Bartlett told The Sunday Gleaner that McNeill's assertions were unfounded and his anger misdirected.
APPRECIATE THE WORK
Bartlett argued that during his tenure as tourism minister, McNeill had, among other things, failed to create even a draft of the legislation to move the scheme into reality.
According to Bartlett, the former minister should "appreciate the preparatory work that has had to be done" to enable the ministry to take the scheme further.
"He should not speak, because he had four years when he didn't even take it to Cabinet. It never even reached to the stage where you had a draft of the legislation. We are only two and a half years into the period and we are discovering quite a bit of the deficiencies of that period which we now have to be correcting," Bartlett argued.
"I must say he has no basis on which to be (angry); because we had to do all the dirty work. We discovered all the deficiencies that were in the first arrangements. We literally had to take it and replan it, because, for example, the FSC (Financial Services Commission) had no notion of what to do with the plan," added Bartlett.
He said the tourism ministry is being very meticulous as the tourism workers pension plan has no precedent anywhere in the world, and as a consequence there is no benchmarking that can provide guidance.
janet.silvera@gleanerjm.com
«No politics in distribution of Christmas benefits, McKenzie urges councillors
54-y-o dies in motor vehicle crash on Palisadoes main road»


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My first ever buddy read with Simant from FlippingThruThePages. When Dimple Met Rishi by Sandhya Menon is a new adult, romantic comedy, a diverse read published in May 2017 by Simon Pulse [Simon & Schuster].
To All The Boys I've Loved Before is a young adult, contemporary and first in a series by Jenny Han. It was published on April 15th, 2014 by Simon & Schuster.


Most people agree that beautiful teeth present a more desirable and attractive smile, and teeth whitening is still the most cost-effective way to improve your smile today. You probably already know this is achieved using peroxide compounds, but here are three things about this process you may not know.
A professional-level product that is only applied in your dentist's office. This powerful formula uses a combination of two peroxides, hydrogen peroxide at 30 to 40 percent strength and carbamide peroxide at a strength of 35 percent. The latter is added because it works more slowly than hydrogen peroxide, and this gives your dentist more control over the outcome.
Professionally-dispensed products are given to you by your dentist to take home. This also includes both hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide, but at lower rates of 10 and 16 percent. While still considerably stronger than any over-the-counter product, it also ensures optimum whitening without any irritation.
Home whitening kits only use hydrogen peroxide. Most of these kits range in strengths of three to six percent, but some are as high as 10 percent.
There are no major concerns about teeth whitening safety, however, the DIY whitening kits frequently cause gum irritation and tooth hypersensitivity. These mass-produced trays and strips do not fit well, so the whitening agent comes into contact with your gums. Professional teeth whitening methods do not have this problem, however, because the trays are custom-fitted to your teeth. This is important, because it prevents any of the whitening agent from leaking.
The outcome of any teeth whitening procedure is determined by the the whitening potential of each patient. Individual results are greatly improved, however, when you first have your teeth professionally cleaned to remove stubborn surface stains. Additionally, having your teeth whitened professionally ensures that you achieve your maximum level of whitening without worries about irritating your gums.
Contact your Santa Monica dentist and schedule a teeth whitening consultation.


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Didn't find what you came for? Make sure to pay a visit to our friend's site for more poker site reviews, specifically from poker rooms which are not promoted on Poker Bonus Help. If you can't find it there, you might find the best internet poker sites doing a search on Google. Specific information related to sites on the Merge Gaming poker network, which hosts a couple of the most renowned US friendly sites, can be found here.


Since the release of the Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Committee) regulations, 1996, many industries have geared up to have a good and effective functioning of safety and health committee (SHC).
A good understanding in Occupational Safety Health (OSH) related legislations and risk assessment allows an organization to narrow down the areas that are significant to safety and health matters within the organization.
With proper system set up, the occupational safety and health management system (OSHMS) in the organization can have a better management in terms of workplace inspection and handling of incidents. Application of process approach to have continual improvement of the system has led reduction in safety and health issues. All these are highly depending on the capability of the safety and health committee.
This programme is suitable for Managers, and Safety Committee members in your organization.


text:
Q: Elasticsearch deeper level Parent-child relationship (grandchild) I need to index 3 levels (or more) of child-parent.
For example, the levels might be an author, a book, and characters from that book.
However, when indexing more than two-levels there is a problem with has_child and has_parent queries and filters.
If I have 5 shards, I get about one fifth of the results when running a "has_parent" query on the lowest level (characters) or a has_child query on the second level(books).
My guess is that a book gets indexed to a shard by it's parent id and so will reside together with his parent (author), but a character gets indexed to a shard based on the hash of the book id, which does not necessarily complies with the actual shard the book was indexed on.
And so, this means that all character of books of the same author do not necessarily reside in the same shard (kind of crippling the whole child-parent advantage really).
Am I doing something wrong? How can I resolve this, as I am in real need for complex queries such as "what authors wrote books with female characters" for example.
I mad a gist showing the problem, at:
https://gist.github.com/eranid/5299628
Bottom line is, that if I have a mapping:
"author" : {
      "properties" : {
    "name" : {
      "type" : "string"
    }
      }
    },
"book" : {
      "_parent" : {
    "type" : "author"
      },
      "properties" : {
    "title" : {
      "type" : "string"
    }
      }
    },

"character" : {
      "_parent" : {
    "type" : "book"
      },
      "properties" : {
    "name" : {
      "type" : "string"
    }
      }
    }

and a 5 shards index, I cannot make queries with "has_child" and "has_parent"
The query:
curl -XPOST 'http://localhost:9200/index1/character/_search?pretty=true' -d '{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "has_parent": {
            "parent_type": "book",
            "query": {
              "match_all": {}
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}'

returns only a fifth (approximately) of the characters.

A: You are correct, parent/child relationship can only work when all children of a given parent resides in the same shard as the parent. Elasticsearch achieves this by using parent id as a routing value. It works great on one level. However, it breaks on the second and consecutive levels. When you have parent/child/grandchild relationship parents are routed based on their id, children are routed based on the parent ids (works), but then grandchildren are routed based on the children ids and they end up in wrong shards. To demonstrate it on an example, let's assume that we are indexing 3 documents:
curl -XPUT localhost:9200/test-idx/author/Douglas-Adams -d '{...}'
curl -XPUT localhost:9200/test-idx/book/Mostly-Harmless?parent=Douglas-Adams -d '{...}'
curl -XPUT localhost:9200/test-idx/character/Arthur-Dent?parent=Mostly-Harmless -d '{...}'

Elasticsearch uses value Douglas-Adams to calculate routing for the document Douglas-Adams - no surprise here. For the document Mostly-Harmless, Elasticsearch sees that it has parent Douglas-Adams, so it uses again Douglas-Adams to calculate routing and everything is good - same routing value means same shard. But for the document Arthur-Dent Elasticsearch sees that it has parent Mostly-Harmless, so it uses value Mostly-Harmless as a routing and as a result document Arthur-Dent ends up in wrong shard.
The solution for this is to explicitly specify routing value for the grandchildren equal to the id of the grandparent:
curl -XPUT localhost:9200/test-idx/author/Douglas-Adams -d '{...}'
curl -XPUT localhost:9200/test-idx/book/Mostly-Harmless?parent=Douglas-Adams -d '{...}'
curl -XPUT localhost:9200/test-idx/character/Arthur-Dent?parent=Mostly-Harmless&routing=Douglas-Adams -d '{...}'

A: For the grandpa docs, you need to get the _id as the _routing.
For the father docs, just use the _parent (grandpa._id) as the _routing.
For the children docs, just use the grandpa._id as the _routing.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
With 'Game of Thrones' season 8 coming, Roku just added a new way to watch HBO
Andy Meek @aemeek
As of today, Roku has plugged a major hole in the premium network subscription package it started offering in January, whereby users can sign up for popular channels like Showtime and Starz through The Roku Channel that had already been offering movies, TV shows and live news.
In what will no doubt be welcome news for Game of Thrones fans who've been counting down the days before the April 14 premiere of the final season of the epic fantasy series, you can now sign up for HBO via Premium Subscriptions on The Roku Channel.
Top Amazon Prime Day Deals: Holy cow: Sony wireless noise cancelling headphones are just $90 for Prime Day 2019Amazon just announced the best-selling products of Prime Day 2019 day 1 – did you get them all?Google is slashing $260 off the Pixel 3 and Pixel 3 XL for Prime Day, and $100 off the Pixel 3a XL
HBO thus joins more than 25 popular premium subscriptions likewise available through Roku's offering, which will let users trial HBO for free for seven days. After that, subscribers will be charged $14.99 per month.
Rob Homes, Roku vice president of programming and engagement, said the value proposition here is that The Roku Channel delivers "a single destination" through which users can discover free, ad-supported and premium entertainment content, from popular sources like HBO and elsewhere. This news means Roku users through The Roku Channel will have access to all of HBO's original series in their entirety, plus movies, documentaries, live programming and more from the cable network. Related to this announcement, Cinemax — which is owned by the same corporate parent as HBO — is also coming soon to The Roku Channel premium subscriptions.
This news may be especially welcome news to Dish customers, for whom HBO has been inaccessible for months and remains so. A contract dispute has kept HBO "blacked out" from Dish for five months now, and many have no doubt been looking for new streaming options — or taking this opportunity to get out of their cable subscription altogether. In a statement released as part of today's announcement, HBO senior vice president for Worldwide Digital Distribution and New Business Development Jeff Dallesandro noted that "Just in time, The Roku Channel users will have a chance to watch the final season of 'Game of Thrones' on their favorite platform."
You can browse all content available without needing a subscription. Once you're ready to actually do so, you can do an easy "one-click" sign-up and manage your subscriptions through the My Account section at Roku.com. The Roku Channel provides access to more than 10,000 free, ad-supported movies and TV episodes in addition to the premium subscription offering.
Image Source: Patrick Sison/AP/REX/Shutterstock
Tags: HBO, roku
New test shows AT&T has the fastest wireless network in the US
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text:
Cassaigne peut faire référence à :

Personnalités
 Cannelle Carré-Cassaigne (née en 1995), actrice française ;
 Théodule Carré-Cassaigne (né en 1990), acteur français, frère de cette précédente.

Lieux
 Cassaigne, ville du Gers.
 La Cassaigne, commune de l'Aude.
 Cassaigne, nom français de Sidi Ali, en Algérie.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Replacement/spare low resistance (LR) 306 atomizer (1.8 ohms).
The 306 Low Resistance Atomizer delivers great vapor and flavor when using a 3.7v high capacity battery such as an eGo style battery. Also great for 3.7v MODs with a 510 connection.
Not recommended for use with standard 510 batteries. Works best on eGo style batteries and MODS with a 510 connection.
24 hr D.O.A. warranty applies.
Click on the thumbnail below for an overview of how to use a 306 atomizer and drip tip.
Click for more info on the "direct dripping" method.
Kick a$$ atomizer! Lots of vapor and awesome flavor!
Really incredible. AP sent me one after having several frustrating experiences with tank attys. This little dude is a winner! It will definitely blow your socks off for flavor and vapor quality. I have built up quite a collection of VapeBig flavors and this allows one to not only switch back and fourth, but also experiment with mixing up flavors. Butterscotch with blackberry… Who knew? Make your own flavored coffee or try mixing up fruit flavors.
Any amount of hassle dripping a bit here and there is far outweighed in variety and fun. In addition to ordering a drip tip, be sure to ask for a few little empty bottles to tote your flavors around.
This one will spoil you. So much flavor and vape, I honestly did not truly know the flavor of my e-liquid until I tried this atty out! If you can deal with the inconvenience of dripping every so often, with the benefit of added flavor, vape quality, and throat hit, then this is the one for you! And yes, as the reviewer above said, you will need a drip tip as well.
The 306 low res drip tip is great for variety. Unlike the dual coil or mega atty that has cotton and holds on to flavors, the 306 doesn't. Drip whatever liquid you like, vape it, switch to a different liquid if you like. The low resistance gives you a nice throat hit and great amount of vapor. Don't forget to get a drip tip with this!


A former England rugby player inspired pupils with a talk on his career and coping with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
Alistair Hignell CBE visited Reading Blue Coat School Sixth Formers to share his experience of the highs of his career and the lows of being diagnosed with MS.
Mr Hignell was selected to play rugby aged 19, and also played cricket for Gloucestershire until 1983.
After ending up as a commentator for BBC Radio, he was diagnosed with MS in 1999, which he says he initially found hard to deal with.
However, after citing inspirations such as Jonny Wilkinson, Nelson Mandela and David Spero's book The Art Of Getting Well, he was helped through the difficult early stages of the condition.
He has now become an inspiration to others, scooping the BBC Sports Personality Of The Year Helen Rollason Award in 2008 and winning Best Rugby Book in 2012 for his autobiography Higgy: Matches, Microphones and MS.
Head of Sixth Form Dr Kevin Magill thought Mr Hignell's talk last month struck a chord with pupils and would help them later in life.


text:
Q: Python Crash Course Alien Invasion chptr.4 the ```increase_speed()``` didn`t work I have filled the increase_speed in Settings,it seemed not to work in check_bullet_alien_collisions in game_functions
I have checked the key funcs for many times,it supposed to be right tu run.
settings
class Settings():
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏设置"""
        self.screen_width = 1200
        self.screen_height = 800
        self.bg_color =(230,230,230)
        self.bullet_width = 3
        self.bullet_height = 15
        self.bullet_color =(60,60,60)
        self.bullets_allowed = 5
        #飞船次数
        self.ship_limit = 3

        self.fleet_drop_speed = 10

        #以以下倍率速度加快游戏
        self.speedup_scale = 1.1
        self.score_scale = 1.5

        self.initialize_dynamic_settings()

    def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
        """初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""
        #外星人初始速度
        self.alien_speed_factor = 3
        #子弹初始速度
        self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
        #飞船初始速度
        self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
        # fleet_direction 为1向右平移,为-1向左平移
        self.fleet_direction = 1
        # 记分
        self.alien_points = 50

    def increase_speed(self):
        """提高速度设置"""
        self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
        self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
        self.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
        self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points*self.score_scale)
        print(self.alien_points)

game_functions
import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from time import  sleep

def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
    """响应键盘"""
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
        fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
    elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
        sys.exit()

def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
    """未达到上限,创建1个新的子弹"""
    # 创建一个子弹,加入编组bullets中
    if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
        new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
        bullets.add(new_bullet)

def check_keyup_events(event,ship):
    """松开键盘"""
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = False
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = False

def check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):
    """响应键盘和鼠标"""
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
            check_keyup_events(event,ship)
        elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            mouse_x,mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
            check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y)

def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y):
    """玩家单击开始按钮开始新游戏"""
    button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)
    if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:
        #重置游戏设置
        ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
        pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
        stats.reset_stats()
        stats.game_active = True

        #清空外星人列表和子弹
        aliens.empty()
        bullets.empty()

        #创建新的外星人和飞船居中
        create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
        ship.center_ship()

def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button):
    """更新屏幕新的图像,并切换新的屏幕"""
    # 每次循环重绘屏幕
    screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
    # 在飞船和外星人后面绘制所有子弹
    for bullet in bullets.sprites():
        bullet.draw_bullet()
    sb.show_score()
    ship.blitme()
    aliens.draw(screen)
    if not stats.game_active:
        play_button.draw_button()
    # 绘制屏幕最近可见
    pygame.display.flip()

def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
    """更新子弹位置,删除消失的子弹"""
    bullets.update()
    # 删除子弹
    for bullet in bullets.copy():
        if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
            bullets.remove(bullet)
    # 检查子弹是否击中外星人
    # 如果是这样,删除对应子弹和外星人
    check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
    if len(aliens) == 0 :
        #删除现有的所有子弹刷新外星人群
        bullets.empty()
        create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)

def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):
    #创建一个外星人,并计算一行容纳多少个外星人
    alien =Alien(ai_settings,screen)
    number_alien_x = get_number_alien_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)
    number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)
    #创建外星人群
    for row_number in range(number_rows):
        for alien_number in range( number_alien_x):
            create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)

def get_number_alien_x(ai_settings,alien_width):
    """计算一行可以容纳多少外星人"""
    available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
    number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
    return   number_aliens_x

def get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):
    """计算屏幕可以容纳多少行外星人"""
    available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height -
                         ( 3 *alien_height) - ship_height)
    number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
    return number_rows

def create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):
    """创建一个外星人并放入其行"""
    alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
    alien_width = alien.rect.width
    alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
    alien.rect.x = alien.x
    alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
    aliens.add(alien)

def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):
    """检测外星人达到边缘时的动作"""
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        if alien.check_edges():
            change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens)
            break

def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):
    """降外星人群下移,并改变方向"""
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
    ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1

def update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,aliens,bullets):
   """更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置"""
   check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens)
   aliens.update()
    #检测外星人和飞船碰撞
   if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):
       ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
   check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
def ship_hit(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets):
    """响应被外星人撞的飞船"""
    if stats.ship_left > 0:
            stats.ship_left -=  1

    else:
       stats.game_active = False
       pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
    #清空外星人和子弹
    aliens.empty()
    bullets.empty()

    #创建新的外星人,并重置新飞船
    create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
    ship.center_ship()

    sleep(0.5)

def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,aliens,bullets):
    """检测是否有外星人到达屏幕底部"""
    screen_rect =screen.get_rect()
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
            #像飞船撞到一样处理
            ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
            break

def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
    collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)
    # 删除子弹以及发生碰撞的子弹和外星人
    if collisions :
        for aliens in collisions.values():
             stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points
             sb.prep_score()

    if len(aliens) ==0 :
        #删除现在所有的子弹,加快游戏节奏,刷新外星人
        bullets.empty()
        ai_settings.increase_speed()
        create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)


Congratulations on a wonderful concert this past week at Johnson Ferry Baptist Church. I hope you enjoyed the concert as much as I did! So proud of you all!!!
Due to the number of students performing at LGPE this week, we will not rehearse this week (March 11th). We will start rehearsals for our final concert of the season on Monday, March 18th at NAHS.
Best wishes to all at LGPE!
Our second MAYWE concert of the season will be held on, Monday, March 4, 2019 at 7:30 p.m. at Johnson Ferry Baptist Church. The address is 955 Johnson Ferry Rd, Marietta, GA 30068.
We have been working very hard and have a wonderful program planned for you. We hope that many parents, relatives and friends are able to attend. There is no charge to attend. Please find concert details below. Please read these very carefully and feel free to contact us if you have any questions.
Concert call time is6:15 p.m. SHARP on Monday. Traffic will likely be worse at this hour than at our usual start time of 7:00. Please leave as early as you possibly can. This is our dress rehearsal and it is expected that all musicians will be punctual. If you have an unavoidable issue that prevents you from being there at 6:15 you must e-mail Kim Everett (mayweinfo@gmail.com) immediately.
Students should arrive in concert dress, as there will not be a place to change. The concert dress requirements have been pasted at the end of this e-mail for your convenience.
Parking:You can park in the spots on the north side of the sanctuary.
Please enter from the front of the Sanctuary (look for the steeple).
The concert begins at 7:30pm. Please wait in the lobby; doors for admission into the theater beginning at 7:15pm. . There are many food and coffee establishments in the area if parents wish to wait prior to the concert.
There is absolutely no audiotaping, videotaping or picture taking of any kind allowed during the concert. To avoid a potentially uncomfortable and public situation, it would probably be best to leave cameras and video cameras at home.
The goal of the ensemble concert dress policy is to present to the audience a unified and professional appearance. Any member who comes to a performance in unacceptable attire will not be allowed to perform until the attire conforms to the concert dress policy.
The governor has closed state offices for tomorrow thereby causing many metro school closures for tomorrow due to weather concerns. Related to the school closings, many students have emailed indicating that they will not be at rehearsal tonight; therefore we will not be able to rehearse tonight Jan. 28, 2019.
We are excited about the upcoming season of MAYWE. Congratulations to the outstanding group of musicians who auditioned. Email letters of acceptance have been sent to the student email accounts submitted on their registration form. Alternates were assigned and will be contacted once any positions open in the coming days.
Please follow all directions provided in the acceptance email.
We are so excited that you are auditioning for the 15th season of the Metropolitan Atlanta Youth Wind Ensemble in a desire to join students from around the Atlanta-metro area who are MAYWE.
Students should prepare approximately 3 total minutes of music of two contrasting styles from standard repertoire for their instrument. See the audition information located at maywe.org for specific requirements. **Audition fee of $25 is due upon check in for your audition. Payment may be made in the form of cash (exact change only), credit card or personal check made payable to Vision Publications/MAYWE.
We are pleased to announce that MAYWE will be rehearsing weekly at North Atlanta High School. Auditions will be held in the performing arts wing of the NAHS campus. Follow the building signs for the THEATER. A MAYWE representative will greet you at the registration table and direct you to the warm up and audition rooms. We recommend that you arrive at least 30 minutes before your scheduled audition time in order to park and warm up.
North Atlanta High School is conveniently located just off the I-75 and Mt. Paran Road.
The street address for GPS use is 4111 Northside Pkwy NW, Atlanta, GA 30327. Please park in the parking deck and proceed across the bridge to the performing arts center.
VERY IMPORTANT: If you will be traveling on the I-75 so please check current delays and travel times the day of your audition at www.georgia-navigator.com. ; Please allow for adequate travel time.
Please email us at mayweinfo@gmail.com if you have any questions.
We are pleased to announce that MAYWE will be rehearsing weekly at North Atlanta High School. Auditions will be held in the performing arts wing of the NAHS campus September 9-11th. Online registration and audition sign-ups open August 26.
VERY IMPORTANT: If you will be traveling on the I-75 so please check current delays and travel times the day of your audition at www.georgia-navigator.com. Please allow for adequate travel time.
For Audition Information, click here.
To register for an audition, click here.


Aqaba is Jordan's window on the Red Sea, Its beach resorts are popular for windsurfing and other water sports, and the area is a top destination for scuba divers. Aqaba is a fusion of history, nature, and city life surrounded by picturesque mountains and blue sea.
It is the secrets these waters hold that makes Aqaba unique, the coast is a dazzling undersea world of some of the most spectacular coral reefs to be found anywhere in the world.The Gulf of Aqaba is renowned worldwide as a tourist's paradise overflowing with wildlife and adventure.
Bathing in its year-long warm sun, Aqaba invites you to relax on its beaches, partake in the exhilaration of its water sports, and explore the coral reefs of the Red Sea, home to hundreds of different types of corals and sponges with their wealth of brilliantly coloured fish.


This tutorial describes how to read or unzip .ZIP or .GZ files in SAS. When i tried to unzip files in SAS first time, i struggled a lot. It's a little bit tricky to read .GZ files into SAS directly.
If you encounter the following issues while importing zipped files in SAS, it means either you have not downloaded GZIP software or you have not assigned path of executable GZIP file.
The following example reads the cars.txt file from the cars.zip file.
In SAS 9.4, FILENAME ZIP was introduced to read and import ZIP files.
6 Responses to "Read ZIP or GZ Files in SAS"
Doesn't SAS 9.4 include a built-in method to read ZIP files without external ZIP software?
Yes you are right. SAS 9.4 includes a built-in method to read ZIP files. As most of SAS users are still using version of SAS prior to 9.4, it would be required to have external ZIP software. I have also added FILENAME ZIP method for SAS 9.4 users.
I have a .gz file on my server (linux) and have 7z on my local machine , can i will be able to read the .gz file. task is to read the no. of file inside it and i am willing to use dopen , DNUM AND DREAD to get it done.
Great tutorial, thanks. I use zip files all my life, and think that its very comfortable to do this especially when you are beginner in PC. Here guide how to open .zip file https://wikiext.com/zip, so I wanna u to try it and then write me your expert's opinion about it.


Please be advised that weather pending on Wednesday April 17th , work on the water lines at the intersection of Hayden Rowe and Chestnut Street will take place. Due to the nature of the work, water will need to be turned off from approximately 8:00 AM to 4 PM, barring any difficulties. The areas affected will be Hayden Rowe from Teresa Road to approximately number 204 and Chestnut Street from Hayden Rowe to Wild Road.
Also during the construction it will be necessary to close Chestnut Street from Hayden Rowe to Wild Road. Please seek alternate routes that day. After the water is restored, you may notice some air and discoloration. Please run your cold water line to help clear your pipes.


Why did the chicken cross the road? Chickens have no sense of direction, he might have thought he was in wal-mart for all I care.
Man: You know you're crazy when you talk to inanimate objects, you know you're Insane when they reply.


text:
Букапреслапската седловина е планинска седловина в Западна България, между планините Верила на юг и Витоша на север в Община Самоков, Софийска област.

Надморската височина на седловината е 1109 m н.в. През нея "преминава" неизграден участък от 11,5 km от третокласния Републикански път III-627 (от km 25 до km 36,5) Самоков – Долна Диканя – Радомир, който свързва най-северната част на Самоковската котловина на изток с югоизточната част на Радомирската котловина на запад.

Пътят започва на 1024 m н.в. южно от село Ярлово след около 2 km се изкачва на седловината при 1109 m н.в. и от там завива на юг по билото на планината Верила и достига до село Лисец, където макадамовото покритие свършва. Оттук надолу до село Горна Диканя (в Община Радомир) има полски (горски) път, който достига до югоизточния край на селото, на 760 m н.в.

Топографска карта

Източници

Проходи във Верила
Проходи във Витоша


Once in a while you need some luck. And lucky for you, we've gathered all our items on sale here, so that you can find something worth longing for. Looking for a beautiful knitted sweater, a pair of wonderful trousers, or maybe a new cute top for the weekend? You'll find all of that here, and the best of all – to a new and reduced price. Like we said before, sometimes you just need some luck.


Pat Joe Brady, Drumcon, Cornafean, Co. Cavan. February 12th 2019 peacefully in the loving care of his family and the staff at Cavan General Hospital. Brother of the late Dan, Ben and Kathleen King. Beloved husband of Anna May and devoted Father of Marie, Padraig, Patricia, Brien, and Donal. Sadly missed by his loving family, sons-in-law, Brendan and Steve, daughters-in-law Teresa and Patricia, his adored grandchildren, Kerri, Kim, Paul, Gráinne, Clodagh, Nevan, Daniel, Conor, Shane, Odhrán and his great grandson Rian, sister-in-law Lizzie, nephews, nieces, cousins all his relatives and many, many friends.
Reposing at his home tomorrow Wednesday from 3 until 9 O'clock. House private to family at all other times please. Removal on Thursday morning to the Church of the Immaculate Conception, Coronea, arriving for Funeral Mass at 11.00. Burial afterwards in St. Patrick's Cemetery, Drumcor.


text:
Halloween the curse of michael myers full movie gomovies
Halloween the curse of michael myers full movie gomovies. Watch Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers For Free Online 51auto-amc.com 2019-03-09
Friday, March 08, 2019 10:38:57 PM Brice
Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers (1995) Full Movie Online Free Streaming
Loomis, to stop them all. And it's up to Tommy Doyle, the boy from Halloween, and Dr. If you have any legal issues please contact the appropriate media file owners or host sites. It's the curse of Thorn that Michael is possessed by that makes him kill his family. Jamie was kidnapped by a bunch of evil druids who protect Michael Myers.
Watch Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers 1995 full movie online free on Putlocker
Six years ago, Michael Myers terrorized the town of Haddonfield, Illinois. It's the curse of Thorn that Michael is possessed by that makes him kill his family. He and his niece, Jamie Lloyd, have disappeared. Meanwhile, the family that adopted Laurie Strode is living in the Myers house and are being stalked by Myers. She runs to Haddonfield to get Dr.
Watch Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers 1995 Full HD 1080p Online
Six years ago, Michael Myers terrorized the town of Haddonfield, Illinois. He and his niece, Jamie Lloyd, have disappeared. Loomis, to stop them all. Jamie was kidnapped by a bunch of evil druids who protect Michael Myers. Meanwhile, the family that adopted Laurie Strode is living in the Myers house and are being stalked by Myers.
Meanwhile, the family that adopted Laurie Strode is living in the Myers house and are being stalked by Myers. She runs to Haddonfield to get Dr. Loomis to help her again. And now, six years later, Jamie has escaped after giving birth to Michael's child. Loomis to help her again. Jamie was kidnapped by a bunch of evil druids who protect Michael Myers.
Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers
She runs to Haddonfield to get Dr. He and his niece, Jamie Lloyd, have disappeared. And it's up to Tommy Doyle, the boy from Halloween, and Dr. Loomis, to stop them all. And now, six years later, Jamie has escaped after giving birth to Michael's child. Loomis to help her again. And it's up to Tommy Doyle, the boy from Halloween, and Dr.
Watch Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers For Free Online 51auto-amc.com
She runs to Haddonfield to get Dr. He and his niece, Jamie Lloyd, have disappeared. And it's up to Tommy Doyle, the boy from Halloween, and Dr. Meanwhile, the family that adopted Laurie Strode is living in the Myers house and are being stalked by Myers. Six years ago, Michael Myers terrorized the town of Haddonfield, Illinois. .
Loomis to help her again. It's the curse of Thorn that Michael is possessed by that makes him kill his family. It's the curse of Thorn that Michael is possessed by that makes him kill his family. And now, six years later, Jamie has escaped after giving birth to Michael's child. Jamie was kidnapped by a bunch of evil druids who protect Michael Myers.
Watch Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers (1995) Full Online
Loomis, to stop them all. And now, six years later, Jamie has escaped after giving birth to Michael's child. Storyline: Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers 1995 Six years ago, Michael Myers terrorized the town of Haddonfield, Illinois. . .


Hey Sis! Such a great article! So many memories. Still remembering some of the camping trips that backfired…remember Long Point and the vacation from our vacation at a four-star hotel in Detroit? "This place is a pisshole!" Still laughing!


3 double bedrooms: double beds in two of the bedrooms and 2 single beds in the other.
All-in-one Kitchen-Living Room equipped with washing machine, refrigerator, oven, ceramic glass hob, coffee maker, microwave and central heater.
You can find a stone kitchen sink, a nice window with stone chairs used to sew and chat, an ancient vessel and clay casserole in the walls used to keep valuable things. You can also find ancient pantries and holes in the walls where food was kept always fresh.


text:
General Andrew McNaughton foi um engenheiro elétrico, cientista, oficial do exército, ministro e diplomata canadense.

Educação
Nascido em Moosomin, distrito de Assiniboia, nos Territórios do Noroeste, em 25 de fevereiro de 1887, McNaughton foi aluno do Colégio de Bishop's, em Lennoxville, Quebec. Ele obteve um bacharelado pela Universidade McGill de Montreal, em 1910, onde foi membro da Sociedade Kappa Alpha. Concluiu seu mestrado em 1912.

Primeira Guerra Mundial
McNaughton ingressou na milícia canadense em 1909. Esteve presente na 4ª Bateria da Força Expedicionária Canadense na França em fevereiro de 1915, no âmbito da Primeira Guerra Mundial.

Enquanto esteve lá, foi ferido duas vezes. A necessidade de identificar com precisão os alvos de artilharia, estacionários e em movimento, levou à uma invenção de McNaughton: uma técnica de detecção de alvos usando um osciloscópio que era o precursor do radar. Ele vendeu os direitos dessa invenção ao governo do Canadá por apenas US$ 10.

Em março de 1916, ele foi promovido a tenente-coronel e retornou à Inglaterra para assumir o comando da recém-chegada Brigada 11 (Howitzer) RCA, levando-a para a França em julho. No início de 1917, ele foi nomeado oficial de contra-bateria do Corpo Canadense. No dia anterior ao armistício, ele foi promovido a brigadeiro-geral e nomeado oficial geral comandante da artilharia pesada do Corpo Canadense.

Período entre guerras
Em 1919 McNaughton fez parte da Comissão Otter, que redefiniu a estrutura das forças armadas. Em 1920, ingressou no exército regular e, após concluir o curso no British Staff College, em 1922, foi nomeado vice-chefe do Estado Maior do Exército. Em 1923, ele desenvolveu um mecanismo para encontrar a direção de ondas curtas usando tubos de raios catódicos, que foi muito usado no noroeste do Canadá. 1927 seguiu seus estudos no Colégio Imperial de Defesa do Canadá.

De 1929 a 1935, McNaughton serviu como chefe do Estado Maior do Exército em sucessão a Herbert Cyril Thacker. Os historiadores atualmente criticam suas realizações como chefe de gabinete, porque ele estava mais preocupado com problemas estratégicos científicos e globais do que com questões políticas militares e com o desenvolvimento da doutrina das forças armadas. Ele também promoveu cortes no orçamento durante a crise econômica global.

De 1935 a 1939, McNaughton presidiu o Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa do Canadá.

Segunda Guerra Mundial
Em 1939, liderou o exército canadense durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial e foi cotado para ser o comandante geral das forças expedicionárias aliadas, até que o presidente Roosevelt colocou o general Dwight David Eisenhower nesse posto, sem consultar os Aliados. Apesar de sua formação acadêmica, ele é o culpado pelo desastroso desembarque de Dieppe em 1942. Os generais britânicos muitas vezes criticaram seu apoio à inscrição voluntária, em vez de recrutamento, o que criou um conflito com James Ralston, então ministro da Defesa Nacional. McNaughton renunciou em 1943.

Graças ao apoio dado a um exército de voluntários, McNaughton mantém um relacionamento amigável com o primeiro-ministro do Canadá, William Lyon Mackenzie King, que quis fazer dele o primeiro canadense de nascimento a ser governador geral do Canadá. Em vez disso, McNaughton tornou-se ministro da Defesa Nacional quando Ralston é forçado a deixar o cargo após a Crise de Conscrição. Devido a essa situação McNaughton se viu obrigado a fazer outro recrutamento, apesar de isso se contra a vontade de Mackenzie. Foi um gesto de agrado popular entre os canadenses ingleses, mas foi extremamente impopular entre os canadenses franceses. McNaughton foi posteriormente incapaz de ganhar um assento no Parlamento e renunciou em 1945.

Promoções
Essa é lista de promoções militares concedidas pelo exército canadense a Andrew McNaghton:

 Tenente (9 de maio de 1910)
 Capitão (16 de maio de 1911)
 Major (28 de maio de 1913)
 Tenente-Coronel (1 de janeiro de 1920)
 Coronel (1 de janeiro de 1923)
 Major-General (1 de janeiro de 1929)
 Tenente-General (1940)
 General (1944)

Ligações externas
 Memoriais a veteranos da Segunda Guerra Mundial
 Obras e publicações

Pessoas da Primeira Guerra Mundial (Canadá)
Pessoas da Segunda Guerra Mundial (Canadá)
Generais do Canadá


A general second-hand and antiquarian shop with ceiling high shelves accessible by ladder. It has a strong selection in many areas, but tends to focus on Arts, Humanities, History, Travel--those sorts of subjects. Proprietor Anthony Marshall is well known as the author of Trafficking in Old Books and there are those who take the pilgrimage to the shop to meet him. Browse in the charming atmosphere of the shop, then take your purchase to one of the coffee shops nearby and dip in.
Finally a place where vinyl lovers can unite and spend hours delving into past treasures which have paved the way for the evolution of some fine music. You can even discuss a great record find with the masters behind the counter, who have seen many a fine record pass through their hands. Browse the racks and find that a reasonably high turnover of goods allows prices to remain rational as opposed to the collector's estimation. Be sure to view the second-hand gramophones, record players, books and array of science fiction toys from Transformers to Star Wars figures.
Established in 1977 as a mail-order business, Au Go Go specialises in promoting those harder-to-get sounds. Its record label also releases fine local talent and secures such international bands as The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion. Most new independent releases can be purchased or ordered on vinyl. Also available are Brit presses, local fanzines and an impressive range of T-shirts. Upstairs is dedicated to second-hand vinyl and collectables. Records can be bought for as little as 10 cents, but expect to pay much more for the autographed Nick Cave goods, Nirvana's first single and that genuine Beatles curtain.
Paperbacks, hardcovers, pulp fiction, high-brow literature, academic texts, children's books, coffee-table tomes, pocket dictionaries--whatever you need the Carlton Bookshop probably has it. With eight rooms of shelves, it boasts of being Melbourne's largest second-hand bookshop, with the widest range of material. Located right on the upper reaches of Swanston Street, almost opposite the main campus of the University of Melbourne, its prime site means that it gets a steady stream of customers, either on lunch breaks from City office towers or looking for university texts to cram with!
This is one of those restaurants that, while you want to recommend it to all your friends, you are scared that if you do you will never be able to get a table again! It is small, cosy and always very busy. An open log fire, wooden floors and books everywhere create a real warm, homey feel. You can read the second-hand books as you dine and purchase them as you leave. The innovative menu comprises traditional dishes (steaks and fish), clever new ways with simple ingredients for the more adventurous, as well as plenty of vegetarian options.
Batman, Superman, Green Lantern, Wolverine, Neon Evangelisis, Akira, Sailor Moon, Judge Dredd--if these names mean nothing to you then this store will be an educational experience. This temple to the comic book trades and sells a wide range of titles to devoted enthusiasts of all ages. From classic 1940s comics to cutting edge Japanese manga and current titles (with their inevitable action figure dolls and merchandising tie-ins), this store has it all.
Catering especially to fans of vinyl records, this thriving chain of stores seems to indicate a revival in the popularity of the LP. Dixon's claims to have the southern hemisphere's largest range of second-hand CDs, tapes and records. The Blackburn shop has 200 square metres of stock including 40,000 albums. Prices start at AUD1, CDs from AUD5 and 12 inch singles from 50 cents. Second-hand DVDs and video laser disks are also available, as is a limited selection of music videos. Whatever your taste in music, you are bound to find something here. Other branches: Prahran, Camberwell, Dandenong and Heidelberg.
Having no particular speciality this shop and its partners (in Flinders Street, Hawthorn and Aspendale) hold a large range of general secondhand stock. Books are in categories and you would be hard pressed not to find your interest somewhere. The Swanston Street shop is a rambling basement affair with one very large room and a couple of smaller ones. Quite often there is a table of books marked down. Flinders Street is more compact, but makes up for it with floor to ceiling shelves.
In business for going on 20 years, books of Celtic content have become a major interest for Grub Street. Indeed, it is the shop's boast that it holds "Australia's largest collection of Irish, Scottish, Welsh and Cornish books". However, in addition to that speciality are books for one and all--a really nice general selection. A well organised web site displays many subjects into which books are sorted and catalogues are downloadable.
This store is like a little oasis of civilization in a world of fast food and tabloid television. Shelves and shelves of fine old books, comfortable chairs to sit in and historical premises make it one of Melbourne's most enjoyable bookshops. Located in the basement of a 19th century church at the so-called "Paris End" of Collins Street, its premises are ideally suited to the range of antique books, on a wide variety of subjects, on sale.
With its shelves groaning under the weight of books, magazines, journals and comics, this store has much to offer the book lover on a rainy day--or even a sunny one. You could spend hours here, browsing through the collection of titles, ranging through photography, philosophy, art, literature, history, cinema and Australiana. And if that is still not enough, its location in Camberwell puts the shop in the vicinity of several other second-hand bookstores--enough to feed even the most fierce addiction!
Situated just off the buzz of Acland Street, the thing that strikes you most about this shop is that its books are for reading rather than collecting. They have a used, loved feel to them. Syber's is a general second-hand shop with books organised according to a wide range of categories. Particularly strong areas are crime, sci-fi and literature, with popular fiction and games are also worthy of special note. Prices are hard to quibble with. Run by a husband and wife team, David is at Carlisle Street, while Penny is at their Chapel Street shop (+61 (0)3 9530 2222).
This is a great place to spend a couple of hours browsing, then take time out to relax with a light lunch and a coffee in the cosy tea room. There are dozens of different dealers with all kinds of antiques, jewellery, linen and lace and collectables for sale. China and glassware feature strongly, with everything from antique dinner settings to novelty salt and pepper shakers. There is a stall specialising in valve radio and radiogram restoration, a bookstall, and many more items to bring back memories, or make you yearn for "the good old days".
Farfetched believes heavily in "artistic recycling", having fetched many a piece from China, Tibet, Thailand, Morocco and Mexico, each portraying markings of their country of origin's own traditional skills. Items include saree cushions, candelabras, unusual sculptures and clay figurines, Moroccan vases, lamps and antique terracotta urns. Some more peculiar items include an Indian palace door transformed into a dining table, a huge horse carved out of stone and traditional artefacts designed to ward off evil. The owners refuse to deal with overseas manufacturers who exploit labour.
Psychedelic 60s and 70s shirts and ties in discontinued varieties are abundant in this shop. Hipsters and flares in cotton, fleece or corduroy are available in a myriad of colours and styles. Or simply opt for that leather biker jacket, parka, fake fur coat or party dress you know no one else will be wearing. Be daring and create a look that is guaranteed to be totally unique to you. Stock varies depending on shipments from wherever.
Housed in a National Trust listed building from the 1890s, this antique centre prides itself on the quality of goods presented for sale. Browse in the elegant, fully carpeted showroom, amongst revolving jewellery cabinets, beautiful porcelain, silver and china. There is an intriguing collection of war medals that will appeal to those interested in military history. Specialist antique jewellery dealers attend their own stalls to assist shoppers with highly personalised service.
Located in unassuming premises on a barren stretch of Victoria Street in Richmond, this store is a veritable Aladdin's Cave treasure-trove of light fittings and fixtures. It is small, poky and densely packed with a range of pieces from different eras. Lamps, lamp stands and covers, statuettes, stands, chandeliers and hanging lights from the 1940s, 1920s and earlier are all on offer. If you are renovating a period home this might be the place to find that suitable light fitting.
This store contains several rooms of antique furniture for sale. There are tables of all sizes and shapes, as well as chairs, dressers, sideboards, cupboards, benches and even pianos! The store offers a lay-by or instalment plan for that piece you just have to own, with a 20% deposit and the balance over six weeks. They also sell polishes for your own antiques and can repair damaged or worn items.
Right in the heart of this upmarket and stylish suburb, you will find many antique dealers and interior decorators. The Armadale Antique Centre is a large and diverse showroom, which is home to over 30 independent dealers. Serious china and porcelain collectors can indulge themselves with Royal Doulton and rare Wedgwood pieces. Shoppers will also find jewellery, art deco items, furniture and lamps--as well as the more unusual steam engines, and Victorian fountain pens and chess sets.
Camberwell Antique Centre is one of Melbourne's oldest and largest antique centres. There are two floors of antiques and collectibles ranging from period furniture to fine china and crockery. Visit the stall full of paper ephemera--old tickets, programmes and letters--as well as vintage knitting patterns and magazines. There is a clothing stall with handbags, shoes and garments from the 1930s through to the 1970s. Glass cabinets hold fine and costume jewellery from the Victorian and Edwardian eras to the 1950s. Antique toys will delight both children and adults alike, whilst serious collectors will appreciate silverware, cutlery and paintings.
There are few places celebrating the art and design of Indonesia--rather than beer-swilling Australian tourists! This place is one of the rarities, tapping the essence of Indonesia through ambient Balinese/Javanese music, a relaxed, casual eatery/café, and a gorgeous selection of artefacts and Indonesian furniture that is truly beautiful. Take a couple of hours out of your day to grab a bite to eat, chat with friends, soak up the atmosphere, and maybe pick up a unique piece of Indonesian design.
If you are looking for charming old-fashioned homewares, Maling Road in Canterbury is the place to look. Featuring a string of restored Edwardian style gift and ornament stores, including this one, it boasts a delightfully old-fashioned feel and a range of quality goods. At Le Collections you can find framed pictures and mirrors, china and other ceramic ornaments, as well as all kinds of little trinkets and baubles for the mantelpiece or the study.
If your home decor needs a bit of a lift and you are a fan of Asian style, this is the place to visit. Located in the heart of the bustling "Little Saigon" of Richmond's Victoria Street district, this large store offers a wide range of Asian home wares and antiques. From authentic period Chinese and Southeast Asian furniture, to beautifully crafted reproductions, as well as vases and smaller ornaments and accessories, there is a wide range to choose from.
If you are a fan of the austere, minimalist look, this is not the store for you. Cluttered with a high-quality range of household ornaments, this shop is heaven for people who can never have too many little trinkets on their mantelpiece! There is a range of lovely antique mirrors and picture frames, vases, glass goods and silverware (perfect for an anniversary). And if you still cannot find that little something for the dining room, there are numerous other home goods stores nearby to browse through.
Located opposite the Tyabb railway station, this is one of the largest collections of antiques and old wares under one roof in Australia. The standard of goods here is very high, with an outstanding range of antique furniture, including oak, cedar and mahogany. Visitors will love to wander through the cabinets of fine glass and china, crystal and porcelain, and gold and silver jewellery. You will also find Victorian beds and linen, paper ephemera, cameras, and all sorts of collectables. There is an outstanding bookstall covering all subjects, and a great tea room serving light lunches, coffee and tea.


Approximately 55 seeds per gram.
Golden Grex Beet is truly a wonderful beet which comes from breeder Alan Kapular. These beets are a colorful, bright, ruddy orange with tapered roots and creamy yellowish-white interiors. Many will have darker concentric interior yellow, orange and white rings. These beets exhibit a sweet tender flavor from baby roots up to 4" across. Excellent tops for beet greens.
Direct sow beets in April to June when soil temperatures have warmed up to at least 10˚C (50˚F). You can soak the seeds in warm water for 24 hours before sowing as this will aid in germination, or direct sow at a depth of 5-12mm (¼ - ½"). String a row and etch a furrow about 5mm (½") deep with a hoe and sow 15-20 beet seeds per 25cm (12"). Cover seeds lightly with soil and water lightly, keeping soil moist while seeds are germinating. Space out rows 35-45cm (14-18") apart. When beets are about 5cm (2") high, thin to one plant every 5- 12cm (2-5"). Weed as required until beets have the advantage.
Soil Conditions: Well worked, rich, loose, well-drained soil. Ideal pH: 5.5-7.5.
Planting Depth: 12mm (½") deep. Space rows 35-45cm (14-18") apart.
Height at Maturity: Tops are 30-38cm (12-15") tall. Spread is about is 25-30cm (10-12") wide.
Watering: Beets require a regular supply of water. At least 2.5cm (1") of water a week ensures good growth. The amount of rain that falls during the week will help supplement how much you should water your garden. Soil should remain mildly moist.
Spacing after Thinning: Thin beets when they are 5cm (2") tall and space out to 5-12cm (2-5").
For small baby beets plant seeds at a rate of 30 seeds per 30cm (12"). For full sized beets, plant seeds at a rate of 15 seeds per 30cm (12") and for storage plant beet seeds at a rate of 10 seeds per 30cm (12"). Choice greens can be selected and picked for cooking as well when they are young and tender.


Greetings from San Francisco, where the adventure begins. Last night, I met the other Japanese and American teachers who will be learning about Education for Sustainable Development with me. As I mentioned in my blog entry a few weeks ago, I'll be going to Japan in June to learn about teaching sustainability and helping kids make the world a better place to live. It makes sense to meet here in California before the Japanese teachers head home — this is much closer to Japan than Boston is!
I couldn't be more excited to be here. Today, we are going to have some introductory sessions in both English and Japanese. We'll wear little radio transmitters so that as a person speaks in Japanese, we'll hear simultaneous translation in an earpiece. We'll also have two translators traveling with us in Japan. Throughout this time in San Francisco, and then later in Tokyo, we are going to plan collaborative projects matching Japanese classes with American classes. If you are a student at IACS, please comment below with ideas that I can suggest for what kind of things you'd like to exchange with Japanese students. What topics would you like to study? Would you like to do more art exchanges, or send videos, writing, or photos? Send in ideas today and tomorrow, and I'll discuss them with the other teachers. More updates coming soon!
I like to study biology, weather (meteorology), and acting/singing. I think those are by far the three topics that I'm most interested in.
I would like to do more photo exchanges. One photo can tell you a lot; they can tell you how truly happy a person is, how bright the sun really was that day, and how pure and blue the sky really was. Photos are facts suspended in time, and they have the ability to "capture the moment." I would also like to see more art exchanges because I saw the post with the art from the Ukrainian students. I loved them! They were so beautiful! I'd like to see what Japanese students draw too! Finally, I think the radio transmitters are really creative!
Finally, I have a few questions… Do you have any idea on what Japan is going to be like? What are your ideas on Education for Sustainable Development? Is it hard to hear the translation with the translator and the actual speaker talking at the same time?


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Q: Failure to validate, but cannot remove in DataGridView This is in my RowValidation function of DataGridView:
        DataGridViewRow row = viewApplications.Rows[e.RowIndex];
        if (row.Cells[colApplyTo.Index].Value == (object)-1) {
            if (MessageBox.Show("Row #" + (e.RowIndex + 1) + " is not assigned to a charge. Would you like to correct this? (If no, the row will be deleted)", "Invalid Row", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question) == DialogResult.No) {
                viewApplications.Rows.RemoveAt(e.RowIndex);
            } else {
                e.Cancel = true;
            }
        }

However, there is a problem, if the user says no, meaning he or she does not with to correct this row, I cannot delete it like I try to do. I get the exception: InvalidOperationException: Operation cannot be performed in this event handler
How can I correct this and still remove the row?

A: To remove the row outside the handler, you can call BeginInvoke:
BeginInvoke(new Action(delegate { viewApplications.Rows.RemoveAt(e.RowIndex); }));

This will run the code in the delegate during the next message loop.


Wild Tasmania is the much anticipated new book by talented Tasmanian photographic artist Wolfgang Glowacki. Released in 2011 and containing 64 pages filled with some of his most recent works. The book explores the wild and remote parts of Australia's only island state, capturing your heart and imagination through the grand landscapes and intriguing macro images Wolfgang is famous for.
Complete with diary extracts that reveal the raw emotions behind the images, Wild Tasmania is a stunning insight in to the beauty and wonder of Tasmania.
Take a journey and experience the beauty and wonder of wild Tasmania. Marvel at rugged mountain ranges, beautiful beaches, ancient rainforest and minute details, all vividly captured and reproduced by award winning photographer Wolfgang Glowacki.


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This British Coffee Chain Wants Boston to Run on Something Other Than Dunkin'
A measured rollout in the region is the beginning of Caffe Nero's stateside expansion.
David Landsel
As the contributor of many of Food & Wine's comprehensive Best Of lists, designed to highlight and celebrate all aspects of American food and drink culture, David spent much of a typical year traveling on assignment. Besides having lived in New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Seattle and San Francisco, he visited each of the 50 states many times over, often for extended periods of time, revisiting at least half most years.
Food & Wine's Editorial Guidelines
For a nation of tea drinkers, the United Kingdom sure has lots of options for coffee—amble down any thriving high street and you'll be presented with choice after choice; everything from sit-down cappuccinos to smartly-crafted cortados to bargain-priced brew at the supermarket coffee bar. And, of course, Starbucks galore, not to mention the dueling, homegrown chains of Costa and Caffe Nero.
For a long time, both offered a taste and experience that you could only find in Britain; more recently, however, the brands appear to been getting itchy feet, expanding far beyond the Channel. Caffe Nero, however, is the first to attempt to make its way in America; the company rather quietly began testing the market back in 2014, slipping a shop into downtown Boston, a shot across the bow, if you will, at the heart of Dunkin' Donuts-occupied territory.
With a design budget that appears slightly higher than your typical Caffe Nero branch back across the Atlantic, the company has slowly been rolling out location after location in the Boston area; now, they're setting their sights on the rest of New England.
What's the secret sauce that gets a Dunkin' lover (or even a Starbucks lover, New England has plenty of Starbucks) to switch allegiances? First of all, there are the stores themselves—they're clearly not independents, but there's definitely been an effort to eschew the cookie cutter look; the casual visitor might not immediately realize they were stepping into a chain that was recently estimated to be opening at least one store, somewhere in the world, every few days.
Then there's the coffee—in well-trained hands, Nero's cappuccinos, cortados and flat whites can be very good. Unlike Starbucks, they never seem to have struggled all that hard to figure out the food bit, and probably won't here in the United States, either—even here at the American cafes, you can start your day with a rustic Kouign Amann pastry, or a real pain au chocolat; at lunch, there are baguettes with fig and brie cheese, or mozzarella and tomato; the bread comes from a local bakery.
Somehow, it's all adding up to a winning package— according to a report in the Boston Business Journal, there will be more than two dozen locations in the region by next year, including shops in Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hampshire.
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Tag: Singapore
Philippine Sports 2015: The Year That Was
December 31, 2015 cbholganza
It's the end of the year and it's the time for us to sit back and take stock of what happened the past year. It
Assessing the Philippine Campaign in the 28th SEA Games in Singapore
June 25, 2015 cbholganza
Nothing's changed. After the Philippines' dismal performance in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar during the 27th South East Asian (SEA) Games last 2013, our contingent returns
Singapore Sizzles, Dazzles All in Superb SEA Games Extravaganza!!!
Talk about efficiency. Talk about creativity. Talk about quality. Talk about pizzazz. For a country of only 5.47 million inhabitants, Singapore is showing, not just
Philippines Suffers Worst-Ever Finish in South East Asian Games
May 28, 2015 cbholganza
Originally posted on Color My World :
With a haul of only 29 gold, 34 silver, and 37 bronze medals, the Philippine contingent to the 27th…
Dragon Boating in Bohol
April 2, 2013 cbholganza
by Michelle P. So – from Sunstar Cebu's 'Caught in the Net' (Mar 27, 2013) TWO Decembers ago in Singapore, my friend Brandy Llenos brought


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Comedian Joe Lycett wins Best Newcomer Award
CHEESY Birmingham comedian Joe Lycett has been named best newcomer in the prestigious Chortle Awards.
Roz Laws
The 21-year-old, who likes to joke about Cheddar, but isn't keen on dirt, has enjoyed remarkably quick success, having made his stand-up debut two years ago.
Now he is venturing into television with the BBC3 show Laughter Shock, screened on March 31.
It will feature sketches and stand-up comedy from 12 up-and-coming comedy acts from around the UK.
The Chortle Awards honour acts for their live circuit work and are recognised throughout the UK, with a host of the leading comedy critics casting their votes.
Previous nominees for best newcomer include Rhod Gilbert, Russell Kane and Sarah Millican, and this year's event was attended by Michael McIntyre and Eddie Izzard.
The Birmingham Mail has previously tipped Joe, from Hall Green, for the top.
In an interview last month, Joe described his act as "middle-class whimsy".
The former drama student said: "I don't do one-liners, it's all very anecdotal and very nicey-nicey.
"I'm not confrontational and I don't swear. My philosophy is, if I couldn't say it in front of my grandmother, I probably shouldn't say it.
"I don't do vulgarity, I prefer to talk about nice things.
"I often ask people in the audience what their favourite cheese is. Anything less than Gruyère and they're just not middle class!
"It is amazing that I'm making a career out of comedy, my family can't quite believe it."
Billesley and Hall Green


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Showdown over proposed family grant
Civil society says it won't work, but government document claims it is the best option
29 October 2021 | By Liezl Human News | South Africa
People queue for social grants outside the SASSA office in Eerste River, 2018. Archive photo: Ashraf Hendricks
Government has proposed a family grant to replace the Covid Social Relief of Distress grant.
We are making the document with the proposal public.
Civil society organisations have condemned the proposal, saying it is infeasible and will leave millions of potential grant recipients out in the cold.
Civil society organisations have criticised a "secretive" and "closed door" proposal by government. National Treasury has proposed a family grant that would replace the R350 Covid Social Relief of Distress (SRD) grant. It would be paid to heads of households.
The proposed family grant is discussed in this government document which we are making public. It is titled "Draft anti-poverty strategy (abridged version)" and it is dated September 2021.
The family grant would only be offered to one million households in the first year and it would be gradually increased each year by another million households.
The document describes the family grant as the "best both from an impact perspective as it eradicates extreme poverty, as well as an efficiency perspective". It reaches this conclusion, it says, based on modelling done by the Southern African Labour and Development Research Unit (SALDRU) based at UCT.
But this is contradicted by a statement on 28 October by civil organisations, including the Black Sash, #PayTheGrants and the Studies in Poverty and Inequality Institute. The organisations state that SALDRU "concluded it was not feasible" to implement the family grant.
The SALDRU report is only due to be released to the public next week and we have not seen it.
The civil society statement condemned the proposed grant as "anti-poor" because it would exclude millions of poor people from having basic income support.
The organisations state that directing the grant through the head of a household will only "worsen gender power imbalances" and that it would be "administratively impossible to implement effectively".
The organisations said that they will formally communicate their opposition to Treasury's proposal, that they would seek legal advice on the constitutionality of the proposal, and also possibly organise protests if the proposal is taken forward.
Alex van den Heever, who is chairing an expert panel looking at social grant expansion options with the Department of Social Development, said that this proposal is "extremely problematic" since it "sidelines both government and the general public".
"It is not appropriate when we are dealing with a social protection reform that will have fundamental implications for South African society," said Van den Heever. "What we have is a government department running on the side, doing secretive work, and seeking to thrust it on the public space."
Van den Heever said that this proposal was Treasury's "attempt to create a discount grant in which nobody has really thought about what South African society needs".
Neil Coleman, senior policy specialist at the Institute for Economic Justice, said the proposed grant would exclude millions of poor and unemployed people.
Coleman said that if you only roll out one million household grants to replace the SRD grant, then this means millions of unemployed people will be worse off than they were before. The latest statistics by the Department of Social Development show that about 9.5 million people have been approved for the SRD grant.
Coleman said that Treasury's agenda with this proposal is threefold: it wants to reduce as much as possible the amount of money spent on the grant, it wants to block a path to the introduction of a basic income grant, and it wants to terminate the SRD grant by the end of March 2022.
But one major issue with the family grant will be determining a household registry and deciding who the head of a household is, said Coleman.
Minutes published by the Parliamentary Monitoring Group show that the family grant was described by Mark Blecher, Chief Director of Health and Social Development at National Treasury, during a Select Committee on the Second Special Appropriation Bill meeting on 15 September.
Blecher said at this meeting that Treasury had commissioned SALDRU to research several options for basic income support, including the family grant.
This article will be updated with comment from Treasury when we receive it.
More about Social Grants
Another Postbank "glitch" delays January social grant payments 11 January 2023
Raise income tax for the rich to fund a permanent R350 grant, say experts 13 December 2022
SASSA beneficiaries left stranded on Friday morning 13 December 2022
TOPICS: Social Grants
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Family grant won't help everyone
Dear Editor
The family grant only leads to abuse in the households. Some households don't even have the head of the house who does proper things for the others in the family. Some people only think for themselves... What will become of those households where kids have been left with their uncles and aunts who drink alcohol and don't believe in family household needs?
Keabetswe
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Video: This abalone farm is starting to thrive


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Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Immaculate Conception of Mary
Mary, the Immaculate Conception
Solemnity
9 December (Latin calendar if 8 December is a Sunday in order to avoid conflict with Advent)
The Blessed Virgin Mary was preserved from the stain of original sin in the first instant of her conception in the womb of her mother. This was a singular privilege and grace of God, granted in view of the merits of Jesus Christ. By her conception is meant not the act or part of her parents in it, nor the formation of her body, nor the conception of Christ later in her own womb; from the moment her soul was created and infused into her body, it was free from original sin and filled with sanctifying grace. Her soul was never stained by original sin, nor by the depraved emotions, passions, and weaknesses consequent on that sin, but created in a state of original sanctity, innocence, and justice. She had at least the graces of the first Eve before the Fall and more. This privilege was befitting the one who was to be mother of the Redeemer.
The doctrine was defined by Blessed Pope Pius IX, 8 December 1854. It is in accord with the texts of Scripture (Genesis 3), "I will put enmities between thee [the serpent] and the woman, and thy seed and her seed"; (Luke 1), "Hail, full of grace." It is established by tradition, by the writings of the Fathers, by feasts observed in honour of this prerogative, by the general belief of the faithful. The very controversies over it among theologians brought about a clear understanding and acceptance of the doctrine long before it was declared by Blessed Pope Pius IX. After the declaration, some Protestant writers denounced what they styled Mariolatry (idolatry of Mary). However, there is a constantly-growing devotion among Catholics, and respect among some Protestant groups for the prerogatives of the Mother of Our Redeemer.
Among the many masters who have represented the Immaculate Conception in art are: Carducci, Carreno de Miranda, Falco, Holbein, Montanes, Muller, Murillo, Reni, Ribera, and Signorelli. It is the title she used when appearing at Lourdes.
The feast originated in the East about the 8th century where it was celebrated on 9 December. In the Western Church it appeared first in England in the 11th century and was included in the calendar of the universal Church in the 14th century. It has a vigil and an octave, and is a holy day of obligation in the United States, Ireland, and Scotland.
stainless (immaculata) (Latin)
barrel makers
cloth makers
cloth workers
soldiers of the United States
Spanish infantry
tapestry workers
Agra, India, archdiocese of
Ajmer, India, diocese of
Albany, New York, diocese of
Aracaju, Brazil, diocese of
Auchi, Nigeria, diocese of
Austin, Texas, diocese of
Aysén, Chile, diocese of
Baltimore, Maryland, archdiocese of
Besancon, France, archdiocese of
Bismarck, North Dakota, diocese of
Brooklyn, New York, diocese of
Brownsville, Texas, diocese of
Bùi Chu, Vietnam, diocese of
Burlington, Vermont, diocese of
Camden, New Jersey, diocese of
Chicago, Illinois, archdiocese of
Crookston, Minnesota, diocese of
Denver, Colorado, archdiocese of
Dhaka, Bangladesh, archdiocese of
Dundo, Angola, diocese of
Edmundston, New Brunswick, diocese of
Elphin, Ireland, diocese of
Fort Wayne-South Bend, Indiana, diocese of
Galveston-Houston, Texas, archdiocese of
Grand Falls, Newfoundland, diocese of
Huambo, Angola, archdiocese of
Johannesburg, South Africa, diocese of
Kansas City, Kansas, archdiocese of
Kansas City – Saint Joseph, Missouri, diocese of
Keimoes-Upington, South Africa, diocese of
Kingston, Ontario, archdiocese of
Kwito-Bié, Angola, diocese of
Lafayette, Louisiana, diocese of
London, Ontario, diocese of
Malolos, Philippines, diocese of
Mbanza Congo, Angola, diocese of
Memphis, Tennessee, diocese of
Mobile, Alabama, archdiocese of
Mont-Laurier, Québec, diocese of
Nelson, British Columbia, diocese of
Nueva Segovia, Philippines
Ogdensburg, New York, diocese of
Ozamiz, Philippines, archdiocese of
Palermo, Italy, archdiocese of
Peoria, Illinois, diocese of
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, archdiocese of
Philippines, military ordinariate of
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, diocese of
Pondicherry and Cuddalore, India, archdiocese of
Portland, Maine, diocese of
Portland, Oregon, archdiocese of
Pueblo, Colorado, diocese of
Québec, Québec, archdiocese of
Rockford, Illinois, diocese of
Saint John, New Brunswick, diocese of
Saint John's, Newfoundland, diocese of
Seattle, Washington, archdiocese of
Shreveport, Louisiana, diocese of
Southwark, England, archdiocese of
Spokane, Washington, diocese of
Springfield, Illinois, diocese of
Sumbe, Angola, diocese of
Syracuse, New York, diocese of
Tyler, Texas, diocese of
Uíje, Angola, diocese of
Virac, Philippines, diocese of
Wichita, Kansas, diocese of
Carmagnola, Italy
Cassano d'Adda, Italy
Cerva, Catanzaro, Italy
Corsica, France
Is-Swieqi, Malta
Pasig, Philippines
Swieqi, Malta
Toa Alto, Puerto Rico
Torrevieja, Spain
Ad Diem Illum Laetissiumum: On the Immaculate Conception, by Pope Saint Pius X
Catholic Pocket Dictionary
Encyclopaedia Britannica, by Bishop John Edward Cuthbert Hedley
Fulgens Corona: Proclaiming a Marian year to Commemorate the Centenary of the Definition of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception, Pope Pius XII
Goffine's Devout Instructions
Handbook of Christian Feasts and Customs
Ineffabilis Deus: The Immaculate Conception, by Pope Blessed Pius IX
The Lady Was Immaculate, by Father Daniel Aloysius Lord, SJ
Light From the Altar, edited by Father James J McGovern
Lives of the Saints, by Father Alban Butler
Lives of the Saints, by Father Francis Xavier Weninger
The Liturgical Year, by Father Prosper Gueranger
Memorandum on the Immaculate Conception, by Blessed John Henry Newman
Pictorial Lives of the Saints
Ubi Primum: On The Immaculate Conception, by Pope Blessed Pius IX
Father Francis Cuthbert Doyle, OSB
What is Meant by the Immaculate Conception?
The Possiblity of the Immaculate Conception
History of the Definition
Veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary, by Father B Rohner, OSB
other sites in english
1001 Patron Saints and Their Feast Days, Australian Catholic Truth Society
Air Maria
Catholic Book Blogger
Catholic Fire
Catholic Ireland
Constance Hull
Independent Catholic News
Jean Lee
Marcellino D'Ambrosio
Monsignor Charles Pope
Regina Magazine
Saints Stories for All Ages
Medieval Religion Listserv
Saint Peter's Basilica Info
Father Mark Czya
sitios en español
Martirologio Romano, 2001 edición
Abbé Christian-Philippe Chanut
fonti in italiano
La Cabalesta
websites in nederlandse
Heiligen 3s
nettsteder i norsk
O God, who by the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin prepared a worthy dwelling for your Son, grant, we pray, that, as you preserved her from every stain by virtue of the Death of your Son, which you foresaw, so, through her intercession, we, too, may be cleansed and admitted to your presence. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son, who lives and reigns with you in the unity of the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. – collect prayer, Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
"Feast of the Immaculate Conception". CatholicSaints.Info. 24 December 2019. Web. 22 January 2020. <>


Helicopter pilots fly helicopters in order to transport passengers and cargo from one place to another. They plan flights using aeronautical charts and navigation instruments. Prior to departure, they inspect helicopters following checklists to detect leaking hydraulic fluid, inoperative control, low fuel level, or other unsafe conditions.
Ensure that operation certificates are valid, guarantee that take-off mass is a maximum of 3,175 kg, verify that the minimum crew is adequate according to regulations and needs, ensure that the configuration setting is correct, and check if engines are suitable for the flight.