Image: A visitor holds up an Apple Watch at the Oscar de la Renta retrospective at the de Young Museum.
San Francisco's de Young Museum has a new, innovative way for visitors to experience the museum. The project was created by Guidekick, a startup and expansion of the de Young's phone app.
There are plenty of great things to see at the de Young Museum in San Francisco, including southwestern Native American art donated by businessman Thom Weisel and a current retrospective on fashion designer Oscar de la Renta. When visitors pass the fashion exhibit, the Apple Watch will vibrate to let people know there's an audio track they can listen to. If users choose to listen, they can hear the designer himself talk about his work and influences.
The app will use a Bluetooth component to narrow down exactly where visitors in the museum are so it can alert them to audio options. Then, with headphones, visitors can explore a part of the museum they wouldn't otherwise have access to.
The de Young Museum is one of the first to use watches—or wearables—like this, though many museums offer audio companions. The watch is meant to act as a kind of "invisible tour guide," says Richard Benefield, active director and chief operations officer at the de Young. The "guide" can provide guests with information about the different exhibits without being a distraction to them—it's kind of like an on-demand educational service, only put into use when necessary.
The new Apple Watch technology was announced by the company earlier this week at the de Young. The event was for a host of companies and builders putting together apps very like this one, bringing technology to art and vice versa.
The museum hopes to offer more services like this one in the future, and there are likely to be more opportunities, as San Francisco is very close to Silicon Valley. Benefield has encouraged others to approach the museum with innovative ideas.
"I've made it known to Silicon Valley: our museum is your laboratory," he said.


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Tangzhuang Station () is a station of Line 3, Suzhou Rail Transit. The station is located in Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu. It has been in use since December 25, 2019; when Line 3 first opened to the public. Upon completion of Line 8, the station will act as one of three interchanges between the two lines.

References

Railway stations in Jiangsu
Suzhou Rail Transit stations
Railway stations in China opened in 2019

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Me: Lucy, must you? It's so rare to see a burst of color out here. It sure would be nice if you didn't eat them.
Me: Anything tastes good to you. You do not have...shall we say...a discriminating palate.
Lucy: I most certainly do. For instance, there's no way I would pair these blossoms with red wine.
Only white will do. Now go fetch me some, please – ABC.
Alan: She prefers Pinot Grigio. A 2005 if you've got it.
Is everybody ok? I think those four o'clocks may have some poisonous parts. Here's one poison control site: http://www.pacc911.org/Poison_Control.html. Yikes!
I prefer Spanish red wines myself. Yes! ABC!!!!
Thanks, Clairz - 4 o'clocks are not on the toxic list for equines, thank goodness. Apparently mirabilis is toxic to cats, dogs and small animals. Smooch has the good sense to leave it alone.
:) I still can't get over Lucy's dappling. She looks lovely amongst the purple flowers.
Love that last shot and I agree w/Lucy - ABC...pinot is my own choice.
Hee Hee. Lucy is like that NY Housewife who brings her own Pino Grigio where ever she goes.
And yes, I'm totally ashamed that I know this.
Awe. That last shot melts my heart. What a pair of lovebirds.
They're soooo adorable!!! I don't like chardonnay with purple either.
I always wondered what wine goes with purple... Will have to share this info with Hubby.
Lucy has the most beautiful coloring!!! and amongst the purple!!! Gorgeous!!!
Wow, can't believe how fast their winter coats are coming in.


This is a collection of the assorted utilities and code which have accumulated over time to facilitate Twisted development, specifically in the area of issue tracking. This means that these tools are largely trac-based or trac-related, as trac is the issue tracker used by the Twisted project.
Twisted/Trac Integration does not have any download files registered with Launchpad.


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DAVID LUCAS AGAINST NELSON MAIL AND STUFF
On November 30 the Nelson Mail and Stuff published, as part of Our Truth,Tā Mātou Pono, an article headlined Pākehā framing of news on Stuff andOur history – 'our people' and racism in the Nelson Mail.
The article looked at the history of the Nelson Mail, from its launch in 1866 under the ownership of Robert Lucas right through to more recent times, in the context of how Maori issues were framed and reported – or not. This included reportage on a 1997 Māori Land Court decision and the foreshore and seabed issue through the 2000s.
On December 2 the Nelson Mail published an opinion piece by Peter Bale Seeing my ancestors in Stuff's Māori apology. This was published alongside a letter to the editor from David LucasBack then times were different. Both men are great-great-grandsons of founder Robert Lucas.
Mr Bale's opinion piece noted that his wider family has always had profound respect for Robert Lucas and the legacy of quality journalism he had bequeathed to his descendants and the community. He noted that some of the descendants might feel slighted by Stuff's recognition of historic bias against Māori, but he didn't feel that way.
David Lucas's letter started "It is typical of modern woke journalism to blame the troubles of today on someone in the past." He said the November 30 article tended to blame his great-great grandfather for the Nelson region's attitude and treatment of local Māori.
David Lucas's complaint to the Nelson Mail and to the Media Council develops his argument that since the article doesn't name any other individual person responsible for this racism across the entire country this leaves Robert Lucas as the sole individual blamed.
The Media Council notes that the tone of the article was a regretful examination of past attitudes. The article covers over 150 years. Although it details racist incidents and attitudes it does not attribute them to any one person. It was not a denigration of an individual; Robert Lucas was not demonised at all. The Bale opinion piece put him in context and David Lucas's letter, expressing his concerns, was published.
The original article along with the two later items made up a piece of well-balanced journalism.
Finding: Insufficient Grounds to Proceed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This value of the Hubble constant is just an estimate, as it is hard to measure the distances and radial velocities of the galaxies accurately. For all of the nearby galaxies whose distances are known fairly accurately the radial velocity predicted by the Hubble formula is small, and random velocities due to their local motions are comparable to or even overwhelm the expansion velocity. For more distant galaxies, where the Hubble velocities are large enough to ignore local motions, the distances are not well known. Different ways of trying to compensate for these problems lead to different estimates for H, ranging from 50 to 100 km/sec/Mpc.
In other words, the value of the Hubble constant not only tells us how fast the galaxies now appear to be going away from us, but also implies a specific "age" of the Universe (or, more accurately the approximate length of time that the expansion can have been going on at the current rate). The value of 65 km/sec/Mpc implies an "age" for the Universe of 15 billion years. This agrees well with theories of stellar evolution and death, which imply an age of 12 to 13 billion years for the oldest stars in the galaxies, but if we were to accept other values of the Hubble constant (between 50 and 100 km/sec/Mpc), we would get other values for the "age" of the Universe (between 10 and 20 billion years).
Since the Hubble theory explains the redshifts of the galaxies with an expansion which must have a finite age, and implies that the Universe itself may be of finite age, there have been attempts to explain the redshifts without resorting to actual motions of the galaxies. However, none of the explanations suggested in the more than 70 years Hubble discovered this relationship seem to be able to explain all of the data, and most astronomers believe that the Universe must indeed be expanding, and must have been doing that for only a finite length of time.
If the Universe is indeed expanding, then at some time in the past all of the galaxies that we can currently see must have been in a much smaller space. It is not possible to be certain how much smaller that space might have been, but even if it were several million light years across, putting all of the galaxies that now lie in a region 30 billion light years across into that much smaller region would make it extremely dense and hot. This is the reason for the suggestion, originally made in the 1930's, that the Universe started out as a very small, very dense, very hot region, which violently exploded outwards in all directions. Although several other theories, most notably the Steady State theory, have been suggested over the years, the Cosmic Fireball, or "Big Bang" theory is overwhelmingly accepted nowadays, because it makes specific predictions about the current nature of the Universe which appear to be well borne out by observations.
One of these predictions has to do with the current composition of the Universe. Since the original state is supposed to have been so hot, matter as we know it could not have existed at that time; instead, the Universe would have been made of some strange, primordial stuff, called ylem (a deliberately strange name, intended to emphasize its strange, and perhaps unknowable nature). As it expanded, the Universe would have cooled off, and the ylem would have turned into more normal forms of matter. Nuclear physics can calculate the ratio of different types of atoms which would have resulted, depending upon the actual conditions which existed at the time when normal matter began condensing from the primordial matter. The predicted composition of the Universe is 90% hydrogen atoms, 10% helium, and practically nothing else, and this is just what we observe. Of course, there is some other material, but we believe that this has all been made inside massive stars, and released to the interstellar medium by supernova explosions. The oldest stars in our Galaxy have very little stuff in them besides hydrogen and helium. Only the younger stars have substantial amounts of heavier materials, and the younger they are, the more heavy stuff they have, which is just what we would expect if the heavy stuff is still being made. The composition of the heavy atoms is just what we would expect if they were made by supernova explosions, and that, and the apparent increase in the amount of heavy atoms over time, seems to confirm this particular theory of the creation of the elements.
Another prediction has to do with our view of the most distant parts of the Universe. If the Universe is only 15 billion years old, then we cannot see any regions which are more than 15 billion light years away from us, because the light from those regions would have had to leave there before the beginning of the Universe in order to have reached us by now. In fact we cannot even see that far away, because when we look that far out into space we are looking back into time, and if we look far enough out we would be looking at the Cosmic Fireball itself. In the earliest part of the Big Bang, the Cosmic Fireball was so dense that light created in one part of the Universe could not get anywhere else, so if we were trying to look at that part of the Universe it would be opaque and impossible to observe, but as the Universe expanded there came a time when the light could "leak" outwards from every part of the Universe to every other part, and so we ought to be able to see the light that was emitted at that time still running through the Universe, just as it was when it was emitted 15 billion years ago.
In the late 1950's it was discovered that we actually do see radiation, in all directions in the sky, which looks like the black-body spectrum of a hot, glowing surface, and might be the radiation from the Cosmic Fireball, but the radiation is not what you might expect from a surface at nearly a hundred million degrees (the temperature that the Cosmic Fireball would have had when it became transparent), because the regions from which it appears to be coming are so far away that their velocity away from us is almost as large as the speed of light. This causes a Doppler shift which converts the radiation from an original spectrum characteristic of very high temperatures, to a microwave spectrum corresponding to an apparently very low temperature. The original prediction was that the microwave background spectrum would correspond to a temperature near 3 Kelvins above absolute zero. The observed spectrum fits a temperature 2.7 Kelvins above absolute zero, in good agreement with the prediction.
Until recently it was not possible to determine whether the Universe is actually slowing by looking at the motions of the galaxies, because as discussed above galaxies which are far enough away so that their expansion velocity is much larger than their random local motions were too far away to make accurate estimates of their distances. So another method had to be used to determine what might or might not have happened since the Big Bang. That method involves looking at the amount of mass in the Universe to see if it is large enough to gravitationally slow the expansion. It is fairly easy to calculate (using the theory of General Relativity) just what density (mass per unit volume) the Universe has to have in order to stop the expansion. If the observed mass is much less than this, then the expansion should never slow down. If the observed mass is much more than this, then the expansion should stop and reverse itself.
To estimate the actual mass in the Universe, we can count the galaxies in various regions of space, and estimate their masses using whatever techniques are currently available. When this was first done it was discovered that the mass of the galaxies is about 100 times less than the critical density, implying that the Universe should expand forever. Unfortunately, there were some other problems of galaxy dynamics that suggested that this result was not correct.
Throughout the Universe there are large clusters of galaxies which are presumably gravitationally bound together, because the random motions of the galaxies in the cluster (measured by the Doppler shifts in their spectra) are much larger than normal random velocities, just as though their mutual gravities were pulling them back and forth relative to each other. But in every case the fastest motions were too big to be explained by the gravitational pull of the galaxies if the total masses of the galaxies are as small as the early measurements. This led to the theory of "missing" mass, or "dark" matter. This mass is either really missing or not there, in which case we have to explain the high velocities of the galaxies in the clusters by some currently unknown method, or it is really there but we're somehow missing it with the standard methods of observation.
The amount of missing mass needed to explain the motions of galaxies in clusters of galaxies is 10 times as much as the early estimates of the entire mass of the Universe. If we could be off that much, it is conceivable that we could be off by the factor of 100 required to reach the critical density, and so the Closed-Universe proponents seized upon the cluster-mass problem as a proof that the observations of apparently low masses for the Universe could be wrong.
As it turns out, over the years we have discovered that most galaxies, including ours, have large, faint outer regions (the halo, or corona of the Galaxy) which were not noticed in earlier studies, and that the galaxies are therefore much more massive than we used to think. This has pretty much eliminated the problem of the missing mass in clusters of galaxies. Most of them now have mass estimates which agree very well with the observed galaxy velocities; in those few cases where there is a problem, only one or two galaxies out of all those in the cluster have excess speeds, and it is at least conceivable that they just acquired those high speeds by a near encounter with some other cluster member. But even with the increased estimates of the masses of galaxies, there would still have to be another 10 times as much stuff in space to reach the critical density.
It does not appear to be possible to explain another 10 times more mass by looking for it inside the galaxies, as in those galaxies which are close enough to study their outer regions in some detail, the amount of stuff in the outermost reaches of the galaxies is definitely falling off, implying that the total masses cannot be significantly increased still further. So if the Closed Universe theory is true, there would have to be large amounts of unknown stuff in between the galaxies. In fact, this has been the favorite proposal of the Closed Universe proponents all along. They suppose that the galaxies only appear to be where the stuff of the Universe is, and that there are huge amounts of "dark" matter scattered throughout the regions between the galaxies.
The main problem is, what could this be? It can't be hydrogen or helium or any other material that we're familiar with, because if it were we could see absorption or emission caused by it in various ways. In fact it can't be any form of matter that we're familiar with. As a result, it takes quite a leap of faith to still believe in the dark matter, or missing mass. One of the reasons that many astronomers are willing to take this leap is that one of the most popular variations on the Big Bang theory predicts that there should be much larger amounts of matter in the Universe than we seem to observe. This is the Inflationary Universe model. The reason that this model was proposed is that the microwave background (the "light" left over from the Cosmic Fireball) is very uniform in its brightness, varying by less than 1/100 of a percent in its brightness and spectrum in various directions. But it turns out that if, when the Universe was expanding, different parts were expanding at different rates or with different densities or temperatures, then the spectrum and brightness of the microwave background would be slightly different in different directions. Since this is not the case, it means that at the time that the Universe was becoming transparent conditions were still very nearly the same throughout all the region now visible to us. But that is difficult to understand if, at that time, the stuff was spread out over hundreds of thousands of light years. So the proposed explanation is that the Universe was even smaller than we used to suppose, so that there wasn't enough difference in the position of things to allow differences in the initial conditions. Just how small we have to make the Big Bang in order to do this is not clear, but the Inflationary Universe model takes the contraction to the ultimate, making the entire Universe smaller than the nucleus of an atom. This theory is called the Inflationary Universe model because it supposes that during the first instant of the Big Bang the Universe expanded at speeds much faster than the speed of light, using energy derived from a "phase" change from a "supercooled" state of nothingness/chaos to the current normal state. But if this theory is true, then the energy of the proto-Universe is so large that a very large amount of mass is created in the normal Universe that results, and in fact an amount the mass is so close to the critical mass of the Universe that although the Universe would expand forever, it would be so closely balanced between eternal expansion and eventual contraction that no direct observation of its characteristics would ever be able to tell us that its mass is not actually equal to the critical mass, but just slightly smaller than that value.
Now if you like the Inflationary Universe model, then you have to suppose that just as the Closed Universe proponents do, there is a lot more stuff in the Universe than we can now observe. This has given fuel to the missing mass problem just when the cluster-mass problem had-been solved, apparently ending the controversy. Unless some other theory of the formation and evolution of the Universe comes along, the Inflationary model is going to continue to lead many astronomers to suspect that there is a lot of invisible stuff out there. Of course that theory may be wrong. And there is one more piece of data concerning the density of the Universe that seems to indicate that there is some problem with it. That is the abundance of deuterium. Deuterium is a form of hydrogen with a neutron and a proton in its nucleus instead of just a proton. Small-mass stars like the Sun create deuterium in the process of turning hydrogen into helium, but they use it up just as fast as they create it; and massive stars, which are the ones which put new stuff back into the interstellar medium when they supernova, don't use the same method of burning their hydrogen, so they don't even produce deuterium in the first place. As a result, all of the deuterium that exists in interstellar space must have been there since the start of the Universe. And it turns out that the amount of deuterium created at the time of the Big Bang is very sensitive to the density of the early Universe.
The reason for this is that it is much easier to "burn" deuterium than to burn ordinary hydrogen. As the Universe cooled and expanded, there would have been a (short) time when almost all of the stuff in the Universe was hydrogen. But at that time the temperature would have been very high, and so the hydrogen would have turned into deuterium at a fairly rapid rate. As fast as the deuterium was created it would have turned into helium, so that eventually 10% of the atoms were turned into helium, as stated earlier. But at some point, as the Universe expanded it would have cooled off to the point where all of these nuclear reactions would have been cut off (that's why there wasn't much stuff created beyond helium). If, at the time that that happened the density of the Universe was very high, so that the deuterium atoms just created didn't have to go very far before running into something else and being turned into helium, then there would have been hardly any deuterium left at the end of the Big Bang. But if the Universe was much less dense at that time, then the deuterium atoms would have had further to go between collisions that created and then destroyed them, and so there would have been more of them running around in between at any given time.
The result is that the denser the early Universe was, the less deuterium would be running around then and now. So by looking at the amount of deuterium we can estimate the early mass of the Universe and see how it compares with our current estimates. The observed value of deuterium predicts that the total amount of stuff in the Universe should be 10 times less than the critical mass, in agreement with the actual observations of galaxy masses. In summary, most observations seem to indicate that the mass of the Universe is far too small to ever stop the expansion, but many theoretical physicists and astronomers would prefer to believe otherwise; and it will probably be many years before this controversy is laid to rest.
(2) Massive stars don't last very long, because they are very bright and use up their energy supplies very quickly; while less massive stars, which are fainter, use up their energy supplies very slowly and last for a much longer period of time. Because of this, when we look at Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams for star clusters which were formed at different times in the past, the younger clusters have relatively bright stars still shining normally, while the older clusters have only fainter stars still shining (the brighter ones having already died and become essentially unobservable). The Main Sequence has a top, or turnoff point, which is near the top of the Diagram for young clusters and near the middle for older clusters. Many presumably old clusters have a turnoff point which is below the position of the Sun, indicating that stars like the Sun which once existed in those clusters are already dead. Since the Sun is not yet dead, the clusters must be considerably older than the Sun.
Just how much older than the Sun are the oldest stars? That depends on how long the Sun can last. Current models of the Sun calculate that about half of the hydrogen which is powering it has already been used up. Depending upon how its brightness changes as it ages (which is a matter of minor debate) and how the nuclear reactions in its core change (which is a matter of slightly greater debate) the Sun can last about 10 billion years, or at least somewhere between 9 and 12 billion years. Since the oldest star clusters are perhaps 2 to 5 billion years older than the Sun, that would make them between 11 and 17 billion years old, and (depending upon how long it took stars to form after the Big Bang) would make the Universe itself somewhere between 12 and 20 billion years old.
Now remember that with current estimates of the Hubble Constant ranging from 50 to 100 km/sec/Mpc, the "expansion age" of the Universe is between 10 and 20 billion years. So, although there is a considerable uncertainty in the numbers, the age of the oldest stars overlaps the expansion age of the Universe, and until both sets of numbers are far more accurate we should probably not be too worried about any conflict between them.
The source of the current "problem" is that the expansion ages which I have been quoting are based on the assumption that the mass of the Universe is far too small to affect the expansion rate, so that it has been expanding at the same rate as now ever since the Big Bang (and of course the main point of the first part of this discussion was that the normal mass is far too small to affect the expansion rate, and that there is no good reason to believe in the existence of the so-called "dark matter" which theoretically makes up 90% or more of the mass of the Universe.) But suppose that this is wrong, and that the Universe does contain a huge mass of dark matter, which is continually slowing down the Universal expansion, so that it is now much slower than it used to be, and will eventually be much slower than it is now.
In that case, since the expansion was faster in the past than now, the Universe would have reached its present size not in 10 to 20 billion years, but in only about 2/3 of that time, or 7 to 13 billion years.
As shown by this "graph", the low-mass Universe age estimates overlap the entire range of possible star cluster ages. But the high-mass Universe age estimates only overlap if the stellar age estimates, and the expansion age estimates are made as high as possible. This makes things a bit worrisome.
So, if you believe that the Universe is made up mostly of "dark matter", and that the normal matter is only 10% or so of the actual mass, then you have to believe that the Universe is at least a billion years younger than the oldest stars, and perhaps as much as several billion years younger. But that is not possible! So this is simply one more (very important) reason for believing that the "normal" mass of the Universe is all (or essentially all) of the mass of the Universe.
The expansion of the Universe according to "recent" (2006) observations and calculations. Time is shown increasing to the right with the beginning of the Universe at the left, and the current era at the right; while the "size" of any given part of the Universe is shown vertically, in a greatly compressed form (the actual expansion is many millions or billions of times greater than shown here).
In the beginning, the Universe was created as a point-mass of zero size, zero age, and infinite density, mass and temperature. In a hundred billionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second after its creation it grew at a nearly infinite rate, to become billions (if not billions of billions) of light years in size. In this so-called Inflation, quantum fluctuations that existed in the zero-size singularity at the beginning of time and space caused small differences in the mass and density of different regions, which are seen in the microwave background, which is the remnant of the intense radiation which existed everywhere in the Universe during its Cosmic Fireball or Big Bang stage of evolution. The angular and brightness fluctuations seen in the microwave background exactly match the predictions of comological theories based on this scenario, indicating that it is more likely to be correct than not.
As mentioned in the above discussion, a few years ago it was shown that the dark matter could not possibly be as abundant as people wanted to believe, or else the Universe would have had to be far younger than the stars. But how this problem would be solved was uncertain. Basically, there were two ways.
First, the Universe might not be, as commonly stated, "flat". In the Inflationary Model of the Universe the idea is proposed that the Universe starts off incredibly small and expands incredibly fast to a virtually infinite larger size. When small it is "round", but as it grows it becomes "flatter". Think of the Earth as an example. It is round, but it looks flat because it is so large. In the standard Inflationary Model it is presumed that as the Universe grows it gets so large that it must be incredibly flat. But unfortunately, things are not quite that simple. In our experience, as round things get bigger they can only become flatter. But in Einstein's theory of General Relativity, if things grow enough they can go beyond "flat" to "hyperbolic", and if the Universe has grown enough, then the mass of the Universe is much less than the so-called "critical" mass, and the amount of dark matter is no longer a problem.
However, if this is true then, according to Einstein's theory, the Universe cannot be either slowing down or "coasting" along at nearly constant speed to larger sizes, but must be growing bigger and bigger at a faster and faster rate. And until recently, although that was considered a theoretical possibility it seemed impossible to ever prove that it might be right, at least with anything resembling current technology.
However, about 2 years ago a new way of fairly accurately measuring the brightnesses of a particular type of supernova, referred to as a type Ia supernova, was discovered. (A type Ia supernova results from the catastrophic explosion of a white dwarf which has a companion which has covered the white dwarf with nuclear material, and the white dwarf suddenly, violently, burns all of that material and its previous material, and blows itself to smithereens.) Since then, several studies of the brightnesses of type Ia supernovae at various distances (and therefore, different look-back times in the past history of the Universe) have shown beyond any doubt that the Universe is expanding faster and faster, and has been doing so for at least the last 10 billion years of its history. As a result, the Universe is not "flat" in the sense that it had been considered to be, but "hyperbolic", and its mass is much less than the critical mass.
Because visualizing hyperbolic space is difficult for non-mathematically minded students, current texts and media discussions still pretend that the shape of the Universe is "flat", but say that it is made of three types of stuff. One is normal material, visible and invisible, which makes up somewhere between 1 and 5% of the "critical" mass of the Universe, depending upon whose numbers you believe. The other is "dark matter", which is by definition completely unobservable in any way that we can currently think of, and that makes up between 20 and 30% of the "critical" mass of the Universe, according to most of the numbers thrown around, but we literally don't know if this stuff even exists at all, although there are some compelling reasons (beyond the scope of this brief discussion) to think that it may exist. These two forms of matter, "real" normal matter, and "real or imaginary" dark matter, are the only matter in the Universe, and together they make up at most 30% of the critical mass, and probably far less than that. If you use a hyperbolic geometry for the Universe that's the end of the story, but if you want to pretend the Universe is flat you have to add another 70% of "non-mass", which is called "dark energy" or "funny energy", and is an imaginary number which corresponds to the current rate of expansion and acceleration of the Universe. If you use a hyperbolic geometry for the Universe, you would say, "Look at how fast the Universe is expanding, and imagine how much faster it will expand in the future. Isn't that amazing?" If, instead, you use a "flat" geometry for the Universe, then you say "The expansion energy of the Universe is much bigger than the mass-energy, even counting the dark matter that we used to think was practically everything in the Universe. Isn't that amazing?" Either way, the Universe is a pretty amazing place.


← Naturally, You Would Be Upset If The Expenses Are Higher Than They Should Be On Your Rental, Or The Income Lower.
The Best Preforeclosure Deals Are Those That Require Simple, Inexpensive Repairs, Or Repairs That Can Be Done By You.
If you have some money to invest, rental property is a could be experts in negotiation, are beginning the foreclosure process or are thinking of removing the property from the listings altogether. The bottom line is that it still depends on points to consider before becoming rich in the real estate business. When adding Equities of any kind to your portfolio, you should avoid the standard "Mob Popularity and Greed" model and select only S & at it, and it's only a matter of time and effort before you become one of those Herculean figures that everyone feels daunted by. You can have a property inspected for physical problems the properties and the benefits that one will get out of using the services of the agent. Level Two Real Estate Investors – In this level, the real estate investors master to gain appreciation in value over time, which thereby increases your net worth as well. Invest in your education: You'll find that the most successful real estate per transaction as you'll have to sell at a below- market price to the next investor.
You'll also get inspiration and encouragement from other goes without saying that active investors should never stop learning. What it really involves is being able to locate a guessing proves nearly as accurate as relying on the advice of stock experts. Positive cash-flow is said to be the amount of income which is available after all the expenditure has been paid this type of income when figuring the value of an income property. If you don't personally know anyone in the real estate investing business some rent each apartment for almost 600 dollars a month he will actually receive 2,400 dollars per month. Now, assuming you have learned everything you could, you there is no expense listed for plowing, that is suspicious. Sure, I have my favorites in each of these areas, do all the work or finding motivated sellers for any real estate investment newbie.


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Gregoire Leprince-Ringuet
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The Princess Of Montpensier Trailer
In 16th century France, wars were raging between the Catholics and the Protestants. Heiress Marie de M'ziSres is forced into marriage by her father, the Marquis de M'ziSres to a man she has never met, Prince Philippe de Montpesier. Marie refuses at first, because she's in love with her handsome childhood friend, Henri de Guise.
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Strayed Review
By Matt Langdon
Strayed is set in World War II during the German occupation of France. The setup is simple; a woman named Odile (Emmanuelle Béart), along with her two children, escapes a convoy that has been air attacked by German airplanes. They spend the night in the forest and the next day meet a teenager named Yvon (Gaspard Ulliel), who takes them to safety.
Yvon, who is on the run from both the Germans and the French, takes the family to an abandoned country chateau, which he has broken into. Over the course of a few weeks they begin to live in the chateau as a makeshift family. Yvon befriends Odile's son (Grégoire Leprince-Ringuet) and - much to the chagrin of Odile - becomes a father figure to the boy. And in time - even though Odile is Yvan's senior by many years - they both fall for each other.
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In 16th century France, wars were raging between the Catholics and the Protestants. Heiress Marie...
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Strayed is set in World War II during the German occupation of France. The setup...


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The Survival Cycle
The complicated role Lane County Jail plays in the lives of the unhoused and the mentally ill
News by Ben StonePosted on 03/12/2015
Why lock people up?
In the spring of 2013, the Lane County Sheriff's Office began to give a persuasive reason for putting people behind bars: to keep the dangerous ones away from the public.
Informed by the frequent press releases from the sheriff's office, local media began to describe Lane County Jail as a "revolving door" and underfunded to the point that it regularly released even Measure 11 offenders — those who commit serious violent or sex-related crimes — for lack of holding capacity.
By a margin of 14 percent, Lane County voters approved a five-year levy to double the number of beds at the jail.
The strategy worked. The sheriff's office reported in October 2014 that, having increased the number of local jail beds from 131 to 256, no inmates locked up for Measure 11 offenses or violent felonies have seen early release since the levy passed.
But we don't jail people just to keep ourselves safe. We do it to punish the offenders. And we punish them with a jail experience that is supposed to be uncomfortable enough to deter them from committing more crimes.
When an offender is chronically homeless or mentally ill, however, traditional reasoning for why and how we do this breaks down. What if what the offender gained from the crime was a place to rest? What if the punishment also fills that need?
"It's kind of a sad statement that I regularly go to the police blotter to look over the pictures and what people have been put in jail for to find out where some of our patients are this week," says Sue Sierralupe, clinic manager of Occupy Medical, a free medical clinic that treats many homeless and mentally ill patients. "Some people, they get caught for criminal trespass and they're just like, 'Take me in. I haven't eaten in four days. Go right ahead, I need something.'"
One thing is clear from the stories and lawsuits of local homeless and mentally ill folks: Jail can become a routine. As a correctional facility, Lane County Jail is not intended to serve as housing for the unhoused, health care for the untreated or a mental health institution for the mentally ill. But it often has to.
Lane County closed only one of its revolving doors in 2013. Until we find more efficient and compassionate ways to aid the homeless and mentally ill — such as giving them housing to stabilize their lives — many of them will rotate indefinitely between a life on the streets and time behind bars.
The jail itself sits at the north end of Olive Street — a boxy brick building lined with rolls of barbwire and rectangular windows that glow yellow at night. It is a huge, old institution that has been experienced in every way imaginable by the many thousands of inmates who have come and gone. It's a saving grace. It's dehumanizing. It's unjust. It's fine.
The inmates, both pretrial defendants and offenders serving local time, come from Lane County, Eugene and Springfield, which also has its own jail.
According to the jail's public information officer, Sgt. Carrie Carver, the computer filing system at the jail isn't able to compile the number of people booked for a particular offense because a person might be booked for one thing, then charged with something else. A homeless person might be booked for criminal trepass, but then later cited for prohibited camping, for example.
It is also unclear exactly how many unhoused inmates pass through the jail; the jail does not keep records of it.
After an EW inquiry, Lt. Dan Buckwald, alternative programs manager at the jail, says he intends to record the number of unhoused inmates in the future.
In December 2008, Springfield police arrested a homeless man named Mark Kemp, who has severe bipolar disorder, as he was experiencing an episode of acute psychosis.
According to a press release prepared by Civil Liberties Defense Center (CLDC), the police brought Kemp to Lane County Jail, where jail staff "failed to provide adequate intake assessments" and released him onto the street later that night.
The next morning, Eugene police were called to a building across the street from the jail where Kemp had flooded an office bathroom, explaining that "he had fallen in a well and needed help."
Police brought Kemp back to the jail and placed him in a medical segregation cell. He was put on suicide watch, meaning that guards documented his situation every half hour, but was given neither medical attention nor psychiatric treatment.
"He has very few memories, but the ones he has haunt him to this day," says Lauren Regan, executive director of CLDC and Kemp's attorney. According to CLDC, "he remained unbathed in his own food and feces, he did not eat or drink water, was punched in the head by one of the defendant guards, and moaned and laid naked on the cement floor for days."
On Kemp's thirteenth day at the jail, he was brought to the hospital after a guard saw his eyes rolling back and his mouth foaming.
"He ended up being in intensive care for 21 days," Regan says. "All his organs had shut down. He had encephalopathy, which is the swelling of the brain, which can be fatal. He will have health ramifications from that deteriorated state for the rest of his life."
In hope that it would prevent another inmate from having a similar experience, Kemp worked with Regan to file a federal civil rights lawsuit against Lane County and some of its employees, alleging that they infringed upon his constitutional rights by inflicting cruel and unusual punishment on him.
According to Regan, it was in part because of Kemp's case that the jail transitioned to a Corizon-run health care system, and many staff members were fired for negligence and failure to provide sufficient medical care.
In July 2013, Lane County paid Kemp an out-of-court settlement of $500,000.
According to Regan, Kemp is doing better physically and is now on medication and seeing a psychiatrist regularly. He gets help managing his settlement money in a trust and is no longer homeless. But Kemp, who was born and raised on the McKenzie River, no longer lives in the U.S. for fear of the police. "We certainly hope that at some point he will feel safe enough to return here if he wants to," Regan says.
What happened to Kemp, Regan says, is due in part to the fact that he was brought to the jail in the first place.
For the homeless, the path to jail can start anywhere. For Tommy, it started on the steps of WOW Hall, a week before Christmas.* He was there at 6:30 am, he says, drawing a picture and waiting for a restaurant to open up so he could buy some breakfast for friends, when the police rolled up.
He was soon arrested and brought to the jail. Trespassing was his crime, though he thinks his reputation had something to do with his arrest: "I think they probably recognized us because my two friends and I are kind of notorious. But it doesn't matter if we're notorious — that's not illegal."
A decade ago, as a young adult, Tommy had been in jail many times, but this was his first incarceration in a while. Not a lot had changed. While he was being booked at the processing desk, he signed a form saying that the jail had all the possessions he was arrested with. An officer questioned him about his health, and Tommy explained that he was experiencing two outbreaks of staph infection as a result of injecting heroin.
Though he was carrying antibiotics for the infection, Tommy says jail staff denied him access to the medicine, instead sending his health report to the jail health care provider to fill his prescription. They then sent him to a room that inmates call "the fishbowl" — a plain, purgatory-like room with chairs and a TV where inmates wait to be told where they'll be staying in the jail.
To Tommy's dismay, fearing that he might spread his staph infection to other inmates, he was placed in one of the dormitories.
Dormitories, sometimes called "gen pop" (general population) by inmates, are large, open rooms containing around 35 to 50 beds lined against a wall. They are self-contained living centers with classrooms, video visitation stations, tables for eating and socializing, and communal sinks, toilets and showers.
Dorms resemble a less sinister version of Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon design, arranged side-by-side in a circular shape and under constant scrutiny from officers stationed at a central observation post behind a glass wall. The officers do not have guns, instead carrying pepper foam and Tasers.
When inmates are booked into the jail they are given a "risk-assessment tool" that classifies them based on their current charges, past convictions and institutional behavior. Primarily, this is to determine if an inmate is dangerous enough that he should be put in a single cell rather than into general population.
An inmate deemed virally contagious is placed into a "negative pressure cell" that restricts airflow in and out.
For Michael, his jail experience started on the UO campus. One stormy evening last spring, after studying in the architecture library, he says he fell asleep on a Lawrence Hall bench while waiting for the rain to stop, near a classroom in which he had studied Russian more than 50 years ago. Campus police officers found him and placed him on a list barring him from campus.
Over the decades, Michael, who has taken classes at the university and says he cherished it as a friendly, diverse space to exchange ideas, considered this unacceptable. To stop spending time on campus because of this "unconstitutional process," Michael says, "would be to succumb to that ignorance and malfeasance."
On Aug. 1, after being spotted on campus again, Michael was pulled over by two campus police vehicles on his way across Kincaid and driven to jail.
By the time Michael arrived at the jail, he was indignant. As they processed him and his possessions, they ordered him to put his nose on the wall, blinding him to what they were doing. When they inquired about his current medications and ailments, he says that he refused to tell them anything in order to retain some dignity and control of his situation, explaining that it was privileged information.
Before he signed off that they had his cash, Michael made them count it in front of him. Because of this attitude, Michael thinks, he was led not to the fishbowl but a single cold cell with a wooden bench, a toilet and a sink. Guards refused to give him a blanket, paper, pencil or Bible. It was past dinnertime at the jail. Michael sat.
Healthcare Behind Bars
To care for someone you are also punishing is a strange task. With an average intake at Lane County Jail of 30 new inmates per day, or 30 new inmates to see and treat, it is also a logistical nightmare. And they don't make it look easy.
In July 2012, the jail transitioned from overseeing its own medical services to a contract with the Tennessee-based, many-tentacled correctional health care provider Corizon. Serving 345,000 inmates around the U.S., Corizon is the country's biggest private corrections health care provider.
According to a 2013 article published by Florida Bulldog, Corizon facilities across the country had previously been sued 660 times for malpractice, and an Associated Press article this January reported that Corizon has lost five state prison contracts.
Corizon employees at the jail all sign contracts stating they will not communicate with the media, and at press time Corizon had not responded to requests for more information on its written procedures.
One procedure, according to Buckwald, is to provide everything in-house: Incoming inmates must sign a medical release form so that Corizon staff can contact the inmate's pharmacy or doctor and get their prescriptions filled by the jail pharmacy (if the jail pharmacy doesn't have an inmate's prescriptions, they send out runners to snag them at a local pharmacy).
When a nurse visited Michael on his first night, he was in a slightly more peaceful mood. "My doctor has told me I could have a heart attack if I don't have the right medication and I don't take it on a regular basis," Michael says, "so I had to balance the reality of my situation with my personal political beliefs."
According to Michael, the nurse had retrieved his list of four prescriptions from his pharmacy and wanted to bring them to Michael. But Michael says he needed a sign that they were "honorable." The nurse said he understood Michael's apprehension and brought Michael just one of his prescriptions, the only one the pharmacy had in individual packaging to prove its contents. Michael swallowed it.
The next day, with a better sense that he could trust the medical staff, he took all four.
Although Corizon's process for giving inmates medication reduces the risk of contraband drugs inside the jail, it leaves inmates unable to take both the medications they have on them and herbal treatments (e.g. milk thistle, which reduces the death rate for hepatitis C).
"The trust is gone," Sierralupe says. "They already know that they are prisoners, and they don't get to make any kind of decision at all. But to personally empower someone so that they can make their body feel healthier is one of the ways that you make somebody a better citizen."
For others who live on the streets, the medical care they receive in jail is enough relief to validate it as an institution.
"The jail saved my life," Bret says with zero irony. The homeless man says that when he was picked up by the police for probation violation in 2009 and dropped off at the jail, he could barely walk. He says that he had been having an excruciating breakout of staph infection on his shin for four months, and the rotted skin allowed blood to pour down his leg and into his shoe.
After he was processed and admitted into a general population room, he says, a nurse promptly treated the infection with antibiotic patches. The infection cleared up in three days.
According to Sierralupe, staph infections are common in Lane County's homeless community: "We serve a population that wrestle with stress on a level that the average American can not possibly imagine." And with stress, she says, comes a weakened immune system and increased risk of staph infection.
The routine of jail can take on a different character for independent-minded homeless inmates without immediate ailments like Marty, who has been in Eugene since 2013, is also homeless and has been through the jail seven times. His perspective on criticisms of the jail is simple: "People always say their police are the worst."
Of all the jails Marty has served time in, he says, the Lane County jail is the best. He says he's never had an unpleasant encounter with officers, who he describes as "politically correct," and he has even enjoyed aspects of the jail, particularly the jail's "hell of a good book selection," which led him to discover the writings of Tom Robbins.
This is not to say Marty doesn't need medical attention — he suffers from pancreatic cancer. Lacking better options, he has chosen to "run it out" and does not expect the jail to treat him. Care is expensive, he points out.
"Once people are on the street, it takes a couple of weeks, a month, maybe a year, and the streets just take them," Sierralupe says. "You see a perpetual state of PTSD. And that itself is something that erodes spirit and makes people have behaviors that make it difficult for them to survive in a regular setting. That causes some damage to your psyche. So if you don't have mental illness when you start, you'll get there."
According to the 2013 One Night Homeless Count, among the 1,751 homeless people documented in Lane County, 202 (or 11 percent) were described as "severely mentally ill." Sierralupe, who participated in this year's January count, views those numbers as "very, very low," estimating that for every homeless person counted, there may have been two left uncounted.
As for the designation of mental illness, she says, it's pure speculation — mental illness comes in many shades, making it difficult for police to identify. And, says Lt. Buckwald, jails have become the de facto mental health facilities.
Mental illness makes it more difficult for those suffering from it to communicate their struggles with law enforcement. As a result, testimony from mentally ill inmates is often extreme, and sometimes is available only through attorneys and other representatives. This was true in the case of Mark Kemp and in another case involving mental illness, that of Kelly Green II.
Attorney Regan points out that police have the authority to bring mentally ill people to the hospital to undergo psychiatric analyses. But many police officers, she says, "don't have any interest in learning how to speak to a mentally ill person, or how to do crisis intervention."
Crisis intervention, however, is precisely what the jail has tried to teach officers in the wake of the Kemp case. According to Lt. Buckwald, officers now are obligated to do eight hours of yearly training on how to deal with mentally ill inmates. The courses are based on the idea of crisis intervention, a method of instilling compassion, patience and empathy into officers during stressful contact with the mentally ill.
"We're not talking about sympathy," says Lance Couturier, former chief psychologist for the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, and one of the authors of the materials Lane County Jail uses. "One of my mentally ill inmates said, 'Sympathy is just a word between syphilis and shit.' Cops and COs [corrections officers] seem to like that line. We're just asking you to be able to put yourself in this guy's situation, or this gal's situation."
One of the foundations of the course is being able to recognize the four major types of mental disorders — psychotic disorders, depressive disorders, behavior disorders and anxiety disorders — and learning how to responsibly interact with inmates who seem to be suffering from them.
For example, if an inmate is delusional, paranoid and possibly suffering from schizophrenia, the program's technique is to ground the inmate in the here and now, to acknowledge his feelings and thoughts without buying into them.
"Correctional folks tend to be a pretty rough crew," Couturier says. "They're a pretty soft-hearted folk, they just hide it pretty well. With a lot of folks, CIT [Crisis Intervention Team] doesn't necessarily give them new skills, but I think it gives legitimacy to a lot of skills and instincts they already had."
Sometimes, however, handling mentally ill inmates is about more than empathy, such as in the case of Kelly Green. On Feb. 11, 2013, Green was arrested and booked into Lane County Jail on a misdemeanor warrant. According to court documents filed by Green's attorney, the arresting officer noted that Green was a paranoid schizophrenic.
At a court appearance the next morning, the judge told him he would remain in jail, and Green subsequently ran headfirst into a concrete wall, crumpling to the floor with his head bleeding.
According to court documents, though Green claimed he was paralyzed, the two Corizon employees who arrived did not medically examine him, send for a physician or send Green to the hospital. Instead they roughly wheeled him back to the jail medical clinic where they sutured his head wound.
Limp and having lost control of his bowels, Green was then wheeled to a cell, where he was stripped of his clothes and left on a bunk lying naked in his feces. At 5:30 pm, Green was brought to the hospital and diagnosed with "a fractured neck, a spinal cord injury and resultant quadriplegia."
Following surgery, Green lived as a ventilator-dependent quadriplegic until he died in December 2013.
Green's parents and a personal representative for Green are demanding a trial by jury against Corizon, Lane County and several involved Corizon employees. The current complaint filed alleges that Corizon employees were "deliberately indifferent" to Green's needs and to his Fourteenth Amendment rights, and that Corizon was "grossly negligent" and "recklessly indifferent" to Green's civil rights.
One of Green's attorneys, Elden Rosenthal, says that the trial will likely begin in June.
The homeless and mentally ill of Lane County are not alone in their struggle to stay out of jail — it is a documented national dilemma. According to a 2008 report in Psychiatric Services journal, inmates who had been homeless made up 15.3 percent of the U.S. jail population.
Similarly, in 2010, the Treatment Advocacy Center (TAC) estimated that 16 percent of jail and prison inmates are afflicted with a serious mental illness, and in 2014 TAC reported that there were 10 times more seriously mentally ill people in jails and prisons than hospitals.
This comes at great cost. At Lane County Jail, according to the Lane County website, the combined costs of inmate housing, overhead costs, support services and booking operations is $234 per day for every inmate, footed by citizens of Lane County.
"It's not good for our business-owning citizens to think of the poor as being criminals, and the place that you put the poor is the jail," Sierralupe says. "And it's certainly not good for the people who are constantly being incarcerated. That's a very expensive fix for the suffering that we see in our community."
Sierralupe says she thinks that, like other cycles that homeless and mentally ill fall into — addiction, unemployment, persecution by law enforcement — cyclical incarceration could be addressed by Housing First, a tactic of giving people the stability to build their lives up again by providing them with free housing.
There is already an effective model for Housing First in Eugene in the form of Opportunity Village, which, according to founding member Andrew Heben, consists of 30 tiny homes constructed at a cost of about $1,000 to $2,000 each. The entire site costs about $100,000 to buy and build, which amounts to a cost of about $3,333 per house.
To put this in perspective, a homeless or mentally ill person would have to spend 14 days in the Lane County jail before the stay would cost more than the entire price of an Opportunity Village tiny home.
"There's no argument against it," says Chad Kautzer, assistant professor of philosophy, director of the Social Justice minor at University of Colorado Denver and activist on homelessness. "There's only a moral argument, and it's a bad moral argument."
This moral argument, Kautzer says, is the assumption that people with needs are morally at fault for their situation, which is extremely problematic: "From recessions where people lose their jobs, to cutbacks in social services, to investment bubbles that out-price large portions of the population [so that] they can't afford housing — all these things are beyond the control of individuals." Similarly, Kautzer says, mentally ill people are not blamed for their conditions, but are often blamed for their symptoms. In Kautzer's home of Colorado, according to a recent The New Yorker article, the state is now saving $26,000 per year for every homeless person it houses.
However, the most important argument for Housing First is the reality of the alternative — a life tipping between a struggle to survive and time in jail.
"If I could get into rehab right now, I would not be homeless," Tommy says. "I'd be in rehab. But there's a three-month waiting list, I think. I don't really feel like I need rehab to quit doing drugs, I just need somewhere to live to quit doing drugs. But as long as I'm out here and I'm cold and lonely and fucking miserable, I'm going to shoot heroin every day because it makes me feel better."
*EW protects the identities of people who fear possible retribution.
DeFazio Visits Mexico Border Camps
The congressman visits border to investigate Trump's Remain in Mexico Policy
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Tags: DeFazio / immigration / Peter Defazio
Protesters Crash Trump Rally — Again
Rally at Ferry Street Bridge attracts Trump supporters from Portland and summons a large protester presence
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Our Children's Trust Climate Lawsuit Dismissed
The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals voted 2-1 to throw out the case
Five years into the case, a divided panel from 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals dismissed the climate lawsuit from Our Children's Trust, the Oregon-based … Continue reading →
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Famous Olympics Quotes on Well-Being and Leadership
Motivational Quotes from Olympic Athletes
by Whitney Hopler, Communications Director
The 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea brings the attention of people worldwide to the importance of well-being and leadership. Olympic athletes must take good care of their well-being and grow as leaders to succeed in their sports and inspire a watching world. Enjoy these famous motivational quotes from athletes who are competing in this winter Olympics and others who have competed in previous Olympic Games:
"It's not always about being the best; it's about being my personal best and having fun and trying to always stay in a positive place." - Jamie Anderson
"Don't put a limit on anything. The more you dream, the further you get." - Michael Phelps
"Once you mentally prepare yourself to do the jump, that is really half the battle. … You're so closed off mentally because of the fear of doing. But once you're able to set that aside, a lot of things can happen." - Nathan Chen
"I know that God is working through me within this sport. I know he's put me here for a purpose and it's not just to win medals." - Elana Meyers
"At the end of the day, obviously there is going to be some pressure that comes along with it, but at the same time it's like, you know, 'Wow, these people really believe in me and have all this confidence in me.' I think that pushes me to be better and motivates me." - Chloe Kim
"Our parents have supported and encouraged us to follow our dreams. Knowing that we've had that unconditional love has meant a lot to the both of us." - Maia and Alex Shibutani
"Each of us has a fire in our hearts for something. It's our goal in life to find it and keep it lit." - Mary Lou Retton
"Whenever I get really nervous, I start laughing uncontrollably. That helps me." - Maame Biney
"I don't think you're human if you don't get nervous." - Sidney Crosby
"We all have dreams. But in order to make dreams come into reality, it takes an awful lot of determination, dedication, self-discipline, and effort." - Jesse Owens
"I am building a fire, and every day I train, I add more fuel. At just the right moment, I light the match." - Mia Hamm
"If you fail to prepare, you're prepared to fail." - Mark Spitz
"You can create your own miracle, but you do it by never looking past all the little steps along the way." - Mikaela Shiffrin
"My sports made me a more focused, sharper, more determined and stronger person than I was before. It's a mental game — the stronger you are the better you are." - Kiran Khan
"If you think you can't, you won't, and if you think you can, you will. When I'm tired at practice, I tell myself that I'm not tired, and I can push through. If you tell yourself you're tired or if you tell yourself you're sick, your body is going to follow the mind." - Kellie Wells
"Failure I can live with. Not trying is what I can't handle!" - Sanya Richards-Ross
"This ability to conquer oneself is no doubt the most precious of all things sports bestows." - Olga Korbut
"I love hearing a joke or telling a joke at the top of a run. ... That's the most important thing, that I'm enjoying what I'm doing. I love dropping in after a little laugh." - Maddie Bowman
"Thank you to all of my family, friends, coaches, sponsors, and fans who have encouraged me every step of the way." - Lowell Bailey
"The things you learn from sports – setting goals, being part of a team, confidence – that's invaluable. It's not about trophies and ribbons. It's about being on time for practice, accepting challenges and being fearful of the elements." - Summer Sanders
"The first thing is to love your sport. Never do it to please someone else. It has to be yours." - Peggy Fleming
"The hard days are the best because that's where champions are made." – Gabby Douglas
"True heroes are made of hard work and integrity." - Hope Solo
"I don't run away from a challenge because I am afraid. Instead, I run toward it because the only way to escape fear is to trample it beneath your feet." - Nadia Comaneci
"It's tough when you have people telling you who to be and how to act in order to keep your job. But I've seen that the people who flourish stick to their guns and are themselves. Those are the people who live the happiest lives and have the most longevity in action sports." - Gus Kenworthy
"Don't ever let your memories be bigger than your dreams." - Jim Craig
"The key is not the will to win. Everybody has that. It is the will to prepare to win that is important." - Bobby Knight
"It's all about the journey, not the outcome." - Carl Lewis
"Don't practice till you get it right, practice till you can't get it wrong." - McKayla Maroney
"Gold medals aren't really made of gold. They're made of sweat, determination, and a hard-to-find alloy called guts." - Dan Gable
"Remember all things are possible for those who believe." - Gail Devers
"Nothing can substitute for just plain hard work. I had to put in the time to get back. And it was a grind. It meant training and sweating every day. But I was completely committed to working out to prove to myself that I still could do it." - Andre Agassi
"Never underestimate the power of dreams and the influence of the human spirits." - Wilma Rudolph
"Only the strongest shoulders can carry the hopes of a nation." - Katie Taylor
"When anyone tells me I can't do anything, I'm just not listening anymore." - Florence Griffith Joyner
"Skill is only developed by hours and hours of work." - Usain Bolt
"Run when you can, walk when you have to, crawl if you must; just never give up." - Dean Karnazes
"I didn't lose the gold. I won the silver." - Michelle Kwan
"He who is not courageous enough to take risks will accomplish nothing in life." - Muhammad Ali
"To give anything less than your best is to sacrifice the gift." - Steve Prefontaine
"I hope that this medal inspires the kids at home to put down guns and knives and pick up a pair of trainers instead." - Erick Barrondo
"You will always miss 100 percent of the shots you don't take." - Wayne Gretzky


Arrives beautifully boxed to protect craftsmanship.
Click on pictures to enlarge. Please email service@flowerchildhair.com to inquire about special custom or large orders.
Gorgeous wildflowers, roses and rosettes individually hand-wired to create this carefully crafted floral arrangement.
Why We Love This - Fall in love this season while looking nothing short of lovely in our delicate flower crown. We are excited about all the places we can wear this stunning handmade headband: Valentine's Day, Fall Wedding, Homecoming Dance or simply add this Flower Crown for a touch of love and romance to complete your everyday look.


Zhang XJ, Haxton KJ, Ropartz L, Cole-Hamilton DJ, Morris RE. 2001. Synthesis and computer modelling of hydroxy-derivatised carbosilane dendrimers based on polyhedral silsesquioxane cores. J CHEM SOC DALTON, 3261-3268.


Interested in working with Skippy? Please fill out our New Student Form to set up a complimentary evaluation.
Skip is the lead singer, songwriter, guitarist, pianist and producer for the band, Almost July, which has showcased across the country and just released new, self-produced material to critical acclaim. He designed a production program for MMVS that truly inspires singers, musicians and songwriters. In the first session, students immediately make connections about how the songs they love are made, and they see that it is achievable for them to do the same. Students are also encouraged to expand their knowledge of arranging and writing so they are producing and creating at a higher level as soon as possible. Skip helps students develop their skills in their platform of choice, using Garageband, Logic or Protools. MMVSers love Skip's passion for music, his sense of humor and his strong belief that learning music should always be fun.
Interested in working with Chris? Please fill out our New Student Form to set up a complimentary evaluation.
Chris is a New York-based singer, songwriter, producer and guitarist. Originally a student of Mel's, Chris attended NYU's Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music in 2013. After training in production, performance, and the business side of the industry, Chris rejoined MMVS as a coach upon the realization that he loved teaching music as much as making it. In addition to helping write and arrange songs, Chris teaches how to record, produce and create music on computer platforms like Garageband and Logic. Throughout his career he's been passionate about the idea of the self-reliant musician: an artist who's able to understand and master every step of the music-making process, from writing your first song to mixing your own album. He currently resides in Brooklyn, tours around the northeast, and continues to make all kinds of noise.


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Le Olimpiadi di italiano sono una competizione organizzata e promossa dal Ministero dell'istruzione, dell'università e della ricerca inserita nel Programma annuale di valorizzazione delle eccellenze per le scuole italiane ed estere. La manifestazione si svolge con il Patrocinio e il supporto organizzativo del Comune di Firenze, in collaborazione con il Ministero degli affari esteri e della cooperazione internazionale e gli Uffici Scolastici Regionali, con la collaborazione scientifica dell'Accademia della Crusca, dell'Associazione per la Storia della Lingua Italiana, dell'Associazione degli Italianisti (ADI), con la partecipazione di Rai Radio 3, di Rai Cultura e del Premio Campiello Giovani.

La competizione, rivolta agli istituti secondari di secondo grado, si colloca, nella sua fase finale, nell'ambito di una più ampia iniziativa culturale di valorizzazione della lingua e della letteratura italiana intitolata "Giornate della lingua italiana".

Gli studenti gareggiano l'uno contro l'altro, misurandosi nella conoscenza della lingua italiana, in tre diverse fasi eliminatorie:
 Fase di Istituto: vengono selezionati in ogni Istituto i semifinalisti degli Istituti italiani che si confronteranno nella fase Regionale
 Fase Regionale: vengono selezionati i finalisti delle scuole italiane e estere
 Fase Nazionale: vengono decretati i vincitori assoluti del concorso

La classifica finale si compone dei seguenti vincitori:
 Primi 3 categoria senior e junior istituti italiani
 Primi assoluti categoria senior e junior istituti esteri
 Primi assoluti categoria senior e junior istituti tecnici italiani
 Primi assoluti categoria senior e junior istituti professionali italiani

Le Olimpiadi di Italiano si propongono di:
incentivare e approfondire lo studio della lingua italiana, elemento essenziale della formazione culturale di ogni studente e base indispensabile per l'acquisizione e la crescita di tutte le conoscenze e le competenze;
sollecitare in tutti gli studenti l'interesse e la motivazione a migliorare la padronanza della lingua italiana; promuovere e valorizzare il merito, tra gli studenti, nell'ambito delle competenze linguistiche in Italiano.

Lingua italiana
Competizioni non sportive


We come to the end of this feature with the best game of all time. Mario's status as Nintendo's mascot has gone beyond that of any other video game character. The sequels have gone to 16-bit to 64-bit 3-D. The spin-offs have had Mario do everything from play baseball to teach typing. Even with all that has come since, there is absolutely nothing like going back and playing the original. It may not be as complex as the successors, but the elegance and perfection are unmatched. Amazingly, I beat it on my first try. I haven't beaten this game in 10 years, and it feels frickin' good.


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Well good morning! Welcome to another little blog post.
Today, I will talking you all through my two current fragrances. I always think there is no excuse to smell bad and I have an absolute obsession with aftershave.
Whenever I wear either of these, I will always get compliments and people asking what fragrance am I wearing. So here it is, this is what I smell like.
Secret: I have never bought my own aftershave. I always ask for aftershave for Christmas or birthdays and that way it see's me through all year… And I don't have to pay!!
I think out of the two, my favourite is this one. This is Dolce & Gabbana: The One. This was released last year and I received this as a Christmas present. This is the largest bottle size and as you can see, It's lasted me a while.
I absolutely love this fragrance. It's very strong and has really good wear. I'll spray this on in the morning and by the afternoon, I can still smell it. I love that about an aftershave. The fact I don't have to keep reapplying is great!
I can highly recommend this fragrance and would make a perfect Christmas present!
The bottle itself is okay, I mean it's nothing special. It's a really good size and quite heavy. The pump could do with being a little stronger as well. I find with this, I have to give it a few pumps to make sure I have enough on.
Apart from that, It's amazing!
The next one is the Christian Dior: Eau For Men. This is a complete juxtaposition from the D&G scent. This Dior aftershave is a lot lighter and more fresh smelling. Which again I absolutely love and is perfect if you don't want an overpowering scent.
This Dior fragrance is what I would call an 'everyday scent'. It smells expensive (If that possible) So you can wear it out in an evening to dinner or drinks, but also because it's very fresh and very light, you could also just wear it during the day if you're out shopping or out for lunch.
It's a very versatile fragrance and one that I love and again, perfect for any Christmas prezzie.
This bottle is really good I think. The size is prefect, It's not too heavy and the pump is amazing. One pump is more than enough, it's so powerful that It applies enough for the whole day. Great design by Dior, ey!
So there you have it. The two fragrances I am loving at the moment and an insight as to what I smell like.
Each year for Christmas I alway ask for something different, so I most likely won't be wearing these scents next year.
This is the last post from me before heading off to Paris. I'll have a little smell around the Duty Free to get some new scent inspiration.
I am SOOOO excited to visit my favourite place in the world and expect a couple of blog posts about my trip once I'm back!
Previous Post Baking With Harrison.
Next Post What I Ate In Paris.


text:
Maryvonne Blondin, née le  à Quimper, est une femme politique française, sénatrice du Finistère de 2008 à 2020.

Biographie

Professeur de profession, elle devient maire adjointe d'Ergué-Gabéric (département du Finistère) en 1989. En 2001, elle est élue conseillère générale du Finistère, puis par la suite, l'une des vice-présidentes du conseil général du Finistère. Elle est élue sénatrice sous l'étiquette socialiste, le 21 septembre 2008. Elle est réélue le .

Anciens mandats et fonctions

 Présidente du Comité de pilotage du Championnat de France Handivalide Miniji
 Membre de l'Office parlementaire d'évaluation des politiques de santé
 Vice-présidente du conseil général du Finistère
 Adjointe au maire d'Ergué-Gabéric
 Conseillère de la communauté d'agglomération de Quimper-communauté
 Conseillère générale du Finistère pour le canton de Quimper-2
 Sénatrice du Finistère

Voir aussi

Source

 « Biographies des 65 nouveaux élus au palais du Luxembourg », Le Monde, 23/09/2008

Liens externes

Conseiller général du Finistère
Femme politique française
Naissance en janvier 1947
Sénateur membre du Parti socialiste (France)
Sénateur du Finistère
Sénateur de la Cinquième République française
Représentant français à l'Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil de l'Europe


Channel 4s decision to relocate to Leeds has put the city in the spotlight.
Sharon Dale looks at the impact on the property market.
Leeds city centre, which should appeal to those relocating from London, though sales and rental stock is low.
The Yorkshire "capital" was a clear winner and obviously a popular choice. It beat off competition from Manchester and Birmingham, which were also on the shortlist of options for Channel 4.
About a quarter of its 840 staff are to begin relocating next summer and there will be another 100 roles created by the broadcaster by 2023 as it plans to open a new broadcasting studio and a digital creative unit.
Some of those relocating from Channel 4's London base to Leeds may not be on the property ladder and the move north could give them a chance to buy.
Those who decide to sell up in the capital to buy in or around Leeds will get an awful lot more "bang for their buck".
The average house price in Leeds is £183,651 and in London it is £486,304, according to the latest Land Registry figures.
The city centre will be the first choice for the younger members of staff and, perhaps, for older ones who are used to apartment living. Prices for a decent one-bedroom flat start at about £100,000.
However, choice will be limited, at least for a while.
However, he adds that "Conditions looks set fair for a period of meaningful activity.
For those looking to to the city centre fringe areas and the suburbs, hipster hotspot Chapel Allerton, known to residents as "Chapel A", should prove attractive.
It has fashionable bars, restaurants and shops but it's popularity has pushed up prices, though you can get a two-bedroom townhouse in a good area from £225,000.
Mark Manning, managing director of Manning Stainton, says that Oakwood between upmarket Roundhay and edgy Harehills, is shaping up to take Chapel A's crown.
According to Mark all the signs are there, including the new Scandinavian inspired, vegan- friendly Gron Kafe.
You can get a three-bed semi in Oakwood for about £200,000.
Kirkstall, on the edge of the city centre, should be on Channel 4 employees lists. Three-bedroom terraced houses start from £140,000. "There used to be a lot of students there but now it's young professionals and they are regenerating properties there," says Mark.
Along with a some good pubs, it has the highly-rated Dos Amigos tapas restaurant and there's a railway station at Kirkstall Forge, offering a ten minute journey into Leeds central.
Kirkstall Forge is a new, mixed use, riverside community being built by CEG, which will include contemporary housing designed by Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios. The houses there don't go on sale until the end of 2019 and won't be starter homes but they should be worth waiting for.
Those with families might want to target Roundhay and Headingley or they may venture to top-ranking satellite towns such as Ilkley, Harrogate or Wakefield, all of which have top-performing schools and train stations with easy links to Leeds.
However, for better value, they could take a look at Apperley Bridge on fringe of Bradford and Leeds and East Leeds, both touted as up-and-coming areas by Manning Stainton.
Apperley Bridge has a new rail link to Leeds, while East Leeds, which includes Crossgates, Garforth, Whinmoor, Colton and Halton, looks like a good investment.
Prices are rising fast in the east of the city and developers, including Strata, have targeted the area thanks to its access to the city centre, the A1 and M1 and The Springs, a new shopping centre at Thorpe Park. Prices start from about £130,000 for a terraced house.
For those who decide to buy in Yorkshire, their investment should grow according to Savills latest five year forecast comes true.
It predicts that while London property values will see a 4.5 per cent increase between 2019 and 2023 while Yorkshire's will see a 20.5 per cent growth.
As for the Channel 4 effect on the property market in Leeds. Sales to staff won't make a huge difference to the over-all buoyancy but the new HQ has already added feel-good factor.


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Tractor Supply Co. 'a catalyst for growth' for Herkimer County
1/2 Hide caption
The new Tractor Supply Company distribution center, currently under construction in the town of Frankfort, will be the largest of the company's nine distribution centers upon completion. Pictured is a recent picture of the facility. [COURTESY TRACTOR SUPPLY COMPANY]
Posted Oct 1, 2018 at 8:00 AM
FRANKFORT — Activity continues on the expansive acreage that will make up the largest distribution center for the home improvement, agriculture, lawn and garden retail chain Tractor Supply Company.
It's been just over a year since Tractor Supply officials, local representatives and others joined together for a groundbreaking at the Frankfort 5S South Business Park, which marked the second and largest project to develop among the park's 200 plus acres.
Wayne Evans, general manager of distribution at the new facility, said the plant is still expected to be operational by the end of the year.
"[We're] still on pace to start receiving Dec. 3. We're still on pace to reach that goal," he said. "[We plan to] start shipping the second week of February."
The new facility has generated a lot of buzz for Herkimer County as it is one of the larger facilities to be built in the area in recent times and is bringing with it the prospect of hundreds of new jobs.
Evans said upon completion, this will be the ninth distribution facility for Tractor Supply, and also will be "the largest in its network" — making it larger than its current distribution facility in Franklin, Kentucky.
Evans said the structure is approximately 933,000 square feet. From the outside, the shell of the building is completed but work continues inside the structure. The building will mostly be a one-floor distribution floor, but will also include an office area, main entrance, break rooms and meeting and conference areas.
It will also have a four-level "pick mod" which will allow employees to pick product from a belt "conveyor," according to officials. Officials also said it will have a second-level mezzanine for packing stations to support the retailer's e-commerce business.
The center will be a hub of activity when it's fully operational.
"The distribution center, in total, will have many different departments inside," said Evans.
This includes crews to receive the goods from vendors, and a space to store the goods until they are selected for order and need to be delivered. With it being the largest facility for the retail chain, larger quantities of items will be able to be stored at the center over its other locations.
Also, due to the size of the facility, dozens of tractor trailers will be arriving and leaving from the facility throughout the day for the center to conduct its business.
"It varies," said Evans. "The average is 100 in a day — a total of 60 incoming and 40 outgoing."
Improvements have been made to Higby Road, where the park entrance is located, in anticipation of the opening, including widening the road for tractor trailers and the installation of a traffic light through funding from the Consolidated Highway Improvement Program, Extreme Winter Recovery and PAVE-NY.
Tractor Supply Company officials wouldn't publicly disclose the cost of the project during a recent interview, but at the time of the groundbreaking in August 2017 it was estimated to cost around $75 million. An official declined to comment further.
The new facility in Frankfort will serve stores in the greater Northeast, including New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey and Vermont.
One of the reasons why Tractor Supply's distribution center has created such a buzz for the region is because of the amount of jobs it will bring to the Mohawk Valley.
When officials announced Tractor Supply was the company that would be building at the site, they stated 350 jobs were coming with the prospect. The type of jobs that will be available will vary, said Evans. Jobs include manager, supervisor, housekeeping, material handling and maintenance.
Evans said the company has found help through Herkimer County Working Solutions.
"We haven't had to publicize," he said.
Last month, final interviews were held at the Frankfort facility for those who had already pre-registered for a hiring event — which was for individuals who had already applied online. More than 220 team members were hired as a result of the event.
Evans said about 300 hourly employees will be hired by April, with officials still planning for 350 jobs within the first six years of the facility's operation.
This will rank among some of the larger employers in the county, according to numbers provided by the Herkimer County Industrial Development Agency. Herkimer County employs 550, Wal-Mart employs 360 full-time and part-time employees, Valley Health Services employs 300 full-time and part-time employees and Herkimer College employs 245 full-time and part-time employees.
Remington Arms is the county's largest employer with approximately 1,000 employees.
For more information about hiring at the facility, those interested can go to www.tractorsupply.jobs/careers/frankfort-ny.
For many businesses looking to build, it all comes down to location.
Evans said he wasn't involved with the decision-making process for finding a location for Tractor Supply Company's new distribution facility, but he said he reached out to officials who were, and said they looked at more than 20 sites that ranged from Rochester to western Connecticut and Massachusetts.
"Herkimer County provided the best deal," he said. "... It had everything."
This included the existing infrastructure at the site, the fit of the property to the company's building requirements, adjacent transportation access and the welcoming approach from county officials.
"Tractor Supply is what I believe is the catalyst that has sparked the outstanding growth we have seen in Herkimer County," said Herkimer County IDA Executive Director John Piseck in an email.
Piseck noted several county departments have been supportive of the project, including the highway department, Working Solutions, the administrator's office and the county Legislature.
"The IDA has been fantastic," said Evans. "[Tractor Supply has] been working very closely with John and the others on the team. They are excellent advocates for us. They have been supportive of our overall plans."
Tractor Supply was the second company to commit to building on the 200-plus acres of land in the business park, joining Heidelberg Baking Company, which built a facility at the site in 2016. Since Tractor Supply's groundbreaking, two more businesses have agreed to build on the land, including JBF Stainless, which has moved forward with construction over the past couple of months, and another project referred to as "Higby Gold," which will be what officials have called a retail truck-stop type business.
According to its website, Tractor Supply Company "is the largest operator of rural lifestyle retail stores in America." The company was founded in 1938 as a mail order tractor parts business. The website also states the company owns and operates more than 1,700 stores in 49 states "supplying basic maintenance products to home, land, pet and animal owners." The company's website notes Tractor Supply is a "leading edge retailer with annual revenues of approximately $7.26 billion."


text:
Q: Adding buttons to table rows in a loop generated table I have a loop generated table that fills its rows using an object array retrieved from a database query.
This is the coda that generates the table
indices = ["razonSocial", "nombre1", "telefonoFijo1", "telefonoMovil1", "correoElectronico1", "clave"];
indiceBotones = ["id"];
var selectArray = [];
jQuery.each(returned.listaproveedorfamilia, function(i, val) {
    selectArray.push({
        "id": val.id,
        "razonSocial": val.razonSocial,
        "nombre1": val.nombre1,
        "telefonoFijo1": val.telefonoFijo1,
        "telefonoMovil1": val.telefonoMovil1,
        "correoElectronico1": val.correoElectronico1,
        "clave": val.clave
    });
});

$.each(selectArray, function(i, selected) {
    var tr = $('
');
    $.each(indices, function(i, indice) {
        $('').html(selected[indice]).appendTo(tr);
    });
    $.each(indiceBotones, function(i, indiceBoton){
        //Here I need to add the code for the two buttons in the same cell
    });
    tbody.append(tr);
});

This is how the table looks

And I want it to have buttons like this in the last column

This is an example of the code generated by the loop for every row

    00020
    00020
    00020
    00020
    00020
    PCR

After the last td, and additional td should be added containing the following tags

    <a title="Editar" href="<?php echo site_url('proveedor/edit/' HERE GOES THE VALUE OF THE ID selected[indiceBoton]); ?>" class="btn btn-info btn-xs">
    <a title="Eliminar" href="<?php echo site_url('proveedor/remove/'HERE GOES THE VALUE OF THE ID selected[indiceBoton]); ?>" class="btn btn-danger btn-xs">

So for every row, the following code shoud be created

    00020
    00020
    00020
    00020
    00020
    PCR

        <a title="Editar" href="<?php echo site_url('proveedor/edit/' HERE GOES THE VALUE OF THE ID selected[indiceBoton]); ?>" class="btn btn-info btn-xs">
        <a title="Eliminar" href="<?php echo site_url('proveedor/remove/'HERE GOES THE VALUE OF THE ID selected[indiceBoton]); ?>" class="btn btn-danger btn-xs">

How could I modify the loop to generate these tags?
Thanks for your help.

A: You could follow the same logic as you have for the other table cells. I don't believe <?php echo site_url() ?> would resolve to site url when being executed in javascript. Instead, the easiest workaround would be to hard-code starting url path
...
$.each(selectArray, function(i, selected) {
    var tr = $('
');
    $.each(indices, function(i, indice) {
        $('').html(selected[indice]).appendTo(tr);
    });
    $.each(indiceBotones, function(i, indiceBoton){
        var itemId = selected[indiceBoton];

        var editButtonUrl = "/proveedor/edit/" + itemId;

        var editButtonHtml = "";

        var deleteButtonUrl = "proveedor/remove/" + itemId;

        var deleteButtonHtml = "";

        $('').html(editButtonHtml + deleteButtonHtml).appendTo(tr);
    });
    tbody.append(tr);
});

A: 1. Dynamic URLs
Since your URLs are going to be generated with JS, you need to let it know what your site URL is. You could hardcode it in your JS, or make it dynamic, so that it does not break if you switch domains. To do this, you can add this as the first

It will create a global variable that your JS can then access.
2. Adding the buttons
Then, you can use this variable in your code:
$.each(indiceBotones, function(i, indiceBoton){
    $('').html(
                     'Edit '
                   + 'Remove'
                  ).appendTo(tr);
});

3. Demo
Check out the below demo to see how everything should work:

// For the demo
var returned = {listaproveedorfamilia:[{id:1,name:"John"},{id:2,name:"Jessica"},{id:3,name:"Peter"},{id:4,name:"Harry"},{id:5,name:"Celia"}]},
    tbody = $('table tbody');

// Nothing changed here, I just simplified the data structure for the demo
indices = ["name"];
indiceBotones = ["id"];
var selectArray = [];
jQuery.each(returned.listaproveedorfamilia, function(i, val) {
    selectArray.push({
        "id": val.id,
        "name": val.name
    });
});

$.each(selectArray, function(i, selected) {
    var tr = $('
');
    $.each(indices, function(i, indice) {
        $('').html(selected[indice]).appendTo(tr);
    });

    // Here, we use the SITE_ROOT variable to create the links
    $.each(indiceBotones, function(i, indiceBoton){
        $('').html(
          'Edit '
        + 'Remove'
        ).appendTo(tr);
    });
    tbody.append(tr);
});

    Name
    Options

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Theaters in Tamil Nadu are gearing up with four new Tamil releases Vadivelu's Eli, Ganesh Venkatraman's Acharam, Iiyakkunar and Iru Kaadhal Oru Kadhai on this Friday [June 19].
Vadivelu and Sadha starred eli is a comedy entertainer directed by Yuvaraj Dhayalan of 'Thenaliraman' fame. Vidyasagar composed music.
Ganesh Venkatraman, Poonam Kaur, Rekha, Munna starring Acharam is the other noted Tamil movie released today. Acharam is directed by Mohana Krishna and produced by Gnanadass Ambedkar.
Telugu: Krishnamma Kalipindi Eiddarani, Vinaaaaaavayya Ramaya. Hindi: ABCD 2. English: Entourage, Spy. Are the other films hitting screens in noted theaters in city on June 19.
Meanwhile, recently released Jurassic World, Romeo Juliet, Kaaka Muttai continues to rock at big screens.


Whether it is plexiglass or a Lexan sheet that you are working with, there is one thing for certain – you need to cut it and you need to know how to do it properly without ruining the sheet. You may think that this is something you cannot do on your own or that you need specialized equipment that you simply cannot get a hold of, but in both instances you would be wrong.
The truth is, there are many benefits to using plexiglass or Lexan sheets over regular glass and you can very easily cut it yourself at home using woodworking tools you likely already own, or could easily acquire if need be. Here are a few things you need to know about cutting plexiglass.
The first thing you need to know is what materials you are working with. While you may think there is little difference between Plexiglass and Lexan sheets, they are two completely separate materials. Plexiglass, or polymethyl methacrylate, is a hard, clear plastic whereas Lexan sheets are polycarbonate plastic sheets. The difference in the composition of the two means that cutting them will require slightly different approaches in order to be successful.
When it comes to plexiglass there are two different methods you can use to accomplish your goal, according to Wiki How. The first method is known as the "score and snap" method and it is best used for cutting smaller pieces of plexiglass. Be sure you only attempt this method on a piece of plexiglass that you can handle on your own, without any help from someone else.
To start, leave the protective, paper covering on the plexiglass for as long as possible throughout this process to avoid scratching it. Place the sheet on a flat, even surface or across enough saw horses to fully support the sheet's weight. Measure out the piece you want to cut with a yardstick and mark it. You then need to score the mark along the length of the plexiglass because you won't be actually cutting the sheet but breaking it. The best tool for scoring would be a glasscutter, but if you do not have one some good alternatives would be a box cutter or a utility knife. Remember that the deeper you make your scores the easier the piece will break. Flip the sheet over and score the other side. When you are finished bring the plexiglass to the edge of the bench and press down firmly on the scored line to snap the piece off, and then smooth out the rough edges with a buffer.
For larger sheets, it is best to actually cut the plexiglass with a circular saw. Simply mark your cut line, clamp the plexiglass to your workbench (again keep the protective paper on the sheet), and cut using a coolant for a smooth cut. You will likely have to buff the edges after this cut as well.
Some special consideration is needed for cutting Lexan sheets when it comes to the type of blade used, says eHow. You can use your circular saw, but you will need a fine-tooth blade such as a Carbide saw blade with 60 to 80 teeth per blade. Once you have your blade installed on your saw, place your Lexan sheet across sawhorses to make your cutting platform. Mark off where you want to cut with a grease pencil, as this will clean off of the Lexan easily. When making your cut, make sure it is one smooth push without stops to avoid melting the plastic.
You do not have to be a professional to be able to work with plexiglass and Lexan sheets, even in your own garage. Now you can cut these materials for your own projects just like a pro.
Ashely Marie Wilson is a recent collge graduate with a degree in writing. She likes to share home improvement tips and ideas. To see more, check out her Twitter @ashelymarie1985.


Mimulus bicolor, a dicot, is an annual herb that is native to California, and is endemic (limited) to California.
NOTE: Mimulus bicolor is no longer an active name.
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