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by Nicholas Fleisher	2 Comments
UW tenure: the end
So: no, there will not be real tenure in the University of Wisconsin System. That much has been more or less clear since May 29, when the Joint Finance Committee dropped its UW omnibus motion bomb. It became even clearer when the motion's broad provisions for terminating tenured faculty became law, essentially unaltered, with the signing of the biennial budget in mid-July. And it walked up and punched any remaining doubters in the nose yesterday, at a meeting of the UW System Tenure Policy Task Force in Madison.
The news of the day was that UW-Madison will not be allowed to write its own tenure policy, but instead will be bound within the parameters of a system-wide policy developed by the Board of Regents. Why would anyone have thought otherwise? Perhaps because UW-Madison's chancellor spent the summer explicitly and repeatedly insisting that Madison would be able to write its own policy, as part of its newfound autonomy in personnel matters (Wis. Stat. 36.115). The UW-Madison University Committee did as much, drafting language that attempted (however hopefully) to assert strong, AAUP-level tenure protections while staying within the confines of the new statutory language of Act 55. Many seem to have believed that a strong Madison tenure policy could serve as a model for the entire System; but in any case Madison would be okay. The reality check came on Tuesday in the form of a memo from Ray Cross, and yesterday's task force discussion made clear that no amount of campus-level rule-making will trump the policy to be adopted by the Regents.
We learned a bit more yesterday about what that Regents policy will look like. In particular, we learned that the Regents will mandate a post-tenure review process one of whose possible outcomes is termination of a tenured appointment. The Regents' post-tenure review proposal has been drafted and presented in much the same way as the Legislature's program modification language in May: a brief nod at a good thing (merit pay, a tenured appointment) followed by lengthy, point-by-point detail on how to fire people. System lawyers asserted that termination of an "underperforming" faculty member through the post-tenure review process will fall under dismissal for cause (the AAUP, to put it mildly, does not share this view). Never mind that there are no agreed-upon performance parameters, and that any attempt to codify such parameters will (i) be a bureaucratic nightmare and (ii) introduce perverse incentives for tenured faculty, almost certainly to the detriment of students. The Regents insist, plausibly, that this is what legislators have demanded. But the Regents have yet to convince anyone that those legislators can actually be appeased.
Meanwhile, we are further and further from anything even remotely resembling a tenure policy that meets AAUP standards. The notion that it was possible to create such a thing without contravening post-Act 55 statute was always misguided at best and deceitful at worst, no matter how insistently Cross, Blank, et al. pointed to the auxiliary "may". Commendable as the Madison and Milwaukee UCs' efforts to create strong policy language have been, we were only ever going to get AAUP-standard tenure back by getting the Regents to put pressure on legislators, i.e., by effecting a complete reversal of the political dynamics of the UW System. In September, before the last meeting of the Tenure Policy Task Force, the executive committees of the UW-Milwaukee, UW-Whitewater, and UW-Madison chapters of the AAUP released a joint statement outlining some guiding principles and specific recommendations that the Tenure Policy Task Force could make along those lines (disclosure: I am vice president of the UWM chapter).
The Regents, it seems, were unmoved. Even so, the statement remains a useful yardstick for determining just how far from AAUP compliance the forthcoming system-wide Regents tenure policy will be.
Out of balance
The Wisconsin Legislature passed the 2015-17 biennial budget this week. The Senate went first, in order to accommodate the Mexican vacation plans of Sen. Frank Lasee, who early Tuesday sponsored an amendment repealing the state's prevailing wage law, which in turn brought the final two Republican holdouts in the Senate on board. The Assembly passed it Wednesday, with 11 Republicans joining all Democrats in opposition.
The final hope for tenure, shared governance (on which do yourself a favor and read this immediately), and indefinite status in the UW System now lies with Scott Walker's veto pen. Likewise for Milwaukee Public Schools, which face an uncertain future in the wake of the passage of the OSPP/MPS takeover plan. Rep. Dale Kooyenga, the plan's cosponsor, was visibly drunk on the floor of the Assembly during the debate leading up to its passage. [Update: if you suspected Kooyenga's LWI ravings were misleading and economically baseless, you were right!] Kooyenga is also a vice co-chair of the Joint Finance Committee. On Monday, he sheepishly claimed not to have understood the scope of the open records law evisceration he happily supported last Thursday. What exactly does it take to disqualify yourself from a spot on the Legislature's most powerful committee?
In the absence of a Walker veto, Democratic legislators could demand the undoing of these budget items in exchange for supporting the public financing plan for the new Bucks arena, which will need fairly broad Democratic support to pass. But they would have to present a credible threat of being willing to let the Bucks leave. There may be more hope for a Walker veto.
Meanwhile, yesterday in Madison the UW System Board of Regents approved the System's 2015-16 budget. Initial media reports Monday highlighted the differences in base budgets from 2014-15 to 2015-16 shown in Table A-1 of the Regents agenda. In fact, those differences mask a plethora of adjustments beyond this year's cuts; for example, UWM Chancellor Mark Mone explained in an email Monday evening that UWM's figures include an $18 million correction for federal financial aid that "has no impact on UWM's actual revenues for operating purposes." The allocation of the cuts across campuses, shown on p. B-3, amounts to between 2% and 4% of most campuses' 2015-16 operating base budgets.
More ominous is the proportion of each campus's 2015-16 operating budget that will come from the one-time use of cash balances. I have compiled those figures in the table below, with campuses listed in descending order according to the percentage of their 2015-16 operating budget that will disappear the following year. Look who's no. 1.
UW System budgets, 2015-16
Use of balances
Milwaukee 623,594,306 30,924,709 4.96%
Colleges 123,210,483 6,081,695 4.94%
Whitewater 241,445,297 11,500,000 4.76%
Eau Claire 202,420,333 8,679,660 4.29%
Stevens Point 206,237,084 8,162,955 3.96%
Oshkosh 248,763,292 8,517,647 3.42%
Parkside 88,385,378 2,848,000 3.22%
Green Bay 115,320,807 3,002,500 2.60%
Stout 186,193,939 4,333,252 2.33%
Platteville 166,101,513 1,742,860 1.05%
Superior 62,588,915 446,309 0.71%
River Falls 120,412,533 500,000 0.42%
Madison 2,710,038,526 10,000,000 0.37%
Extension 201,153,961 650,000 0.32%
La Crosse 199,000,147 0 0.00%
System Admin 10,643,174 0 0.00%
Systemwide 131,786,217 34,966,460 26.53%
Finally, System President Ray Cross secured a small victory by getting the Senate to treat $25 million of UW's 2016-17 funding as a lapse. In other words, the UW System will get a $25 million funding increase in the second year of the coming biennium, but it will immediately give the money back to the state. The benefit for UW is that the System's base funding level heading into 2017-19, on paper, will be $25 million per year higher than it otherwise would have been. That's equal to a 20% restoration of this biennium's $125 million-per-year cut.
With all due credit to Cross, however, this was not necessarily a difficult concession for Senate Republicans to make. In particular, lapses don't count for purposes of the Legislative Fiscal Bureau's calculations of structural deficits going forward: whereas the UW System gets to treat the lapsed $25 million as if it's going to be spent the following year, the LFB and the politicians who tout its projections treat it as if it's *not* going to be spent. The UW System lapse gets added to over $700 million in other lapses assumed in the second year of the coming biennium, all of which combines to paint an unrealistically rosy picture of the state's fiscal health (and even under these manipulated assumptions, the state still has a $500 million structural deficit). The likelihood that the UW System will ever actually see this additional $25 million in yearly funding seems low indeed.
So, to recap: System leadership, through its "new partnership with the legislature", has secured a largely symbolic commitment on future funding and nothing on tenure and shared governance, which are now at the mercy of Scott Walker. As campuses sprint towards the fiscal cliff, the one-time use of cash balances will keep many of them suspended, Wile E. Coyote-like, in mid-air. The coming year will be an exercise in looking down.
What to say about last night's Motion #999, with which JFC finished its work and sent the budget back to the full Legislature? The effective elimination of state open records requirements for Wisconsin legislators and their staff has grabbed headlines and been met with bracingly universal condemnation. It is an abuse of power so breathtaking that the twelve Republican legislators who voted for it are literally walking away from reporters when asked for the names of its sponsors.
In its contempt for democracy, transparency, public input, and the public good, however, it is entirely of a piece with the K-12 and UW System omnibus motions that JFC passed in May.
Of the many bad things in the K-12 motion, the "Opportunity Schools and Partnership Program" (OSPP) outlined in section 39 is perhaps the worst. Known locally as the MPS takeover plan, it was proudly sponsored by Rep. Dale Kooyenga and Sen. Alberta Darling, both from the Milwaukee suburbs. (Kooyenga's Assembly district includes a small slice of the City of Milwaukee; the district is centered on Brookfield and Wauwatosa, and was formerly represented by Scott Walker. Darling's Senate district used to include a similarly tiny slice of the City of Milwaukee, including the block I live on; post-2010 redistricting moved her district entirely out of Milwaukee. [Correction: the post-2010 redistricting completely removed from Darling's district the portion of Milwaukee's east side that she formerly represented; there remains a small section of Milwaukee's northwest side that falls within the district.])
The plan creates, in effect, a parallel school district within Milwaukee that will be empowered to seize MPS schools and turn them over to charter operators or voucher-taking private schools. While there is, in principle, a mechanism for returning OSPP schools to MPS after a period of five years, that mechanism carries qualifications intended to ensure that no OSPP school will ever return to MPS. This, alongside funding provisions for OSPP and MPS spelled out in the motion, makes it hard to avoid the conclusion that the plan's purpose is to bankrupt the Milwaukee Public Schools. It is a measure of Darling and Kooyenga's contempt for the city and its people that they may sincerely believe that this would be a good thing for Milwaukee schoolchildren.
Aiding and abetting the plan is Milwaukee County Executive Chris Abele (who, like, Kooyenga, occupies a post once held by Scott Walker). The K-12 motion stipulates that the OSPP district be run by a commissioner appointed by the Milwaukee County Executive. At a lunchtime forum last week, Abele pointedly declined to state his opposition to the plan. Last night he received his apparent reward, in the form of section 67 of Motion #999, which drastically expands the powers of the Milwaukee County Executive relative to the county board. Abele is thus fully complicit in a plan whose all but openly acknowledged purpose is to destroy the Milwaukee Public Schools. It is depressingly far from implausible to think that the 2018 race for Wisconsin Governor could pit the Democrat Abele against the Republican Kooyenga.
The last hope for removing the MPS takeover plan from the budget comes from JFC's failure to include funding for a new Bucks arena in their final budget motion. Republican leadership clearly does not want to lose the Bucks; Scott Walker himself jetted back to Wisconsin recently to hold a pro-arena press conference, selling short our collective dignity under the slogan "Cheaper to keep them". Some outstate Republicans have balked, at least at the prospect of including the arena funding in a budget which their Democratic counterparts will have the political good fortune of being able to oppose unanimously. Republican leaders, in concert with JFC, have thus stripped the arena funding out of the budget and are now daring Milwaukee Democrats to vote against it as a standalone bill. This is the all too rare moment where Wisconsin's Democratic legislators have negotiating leverage. They must use it to get the MPS takeover plan out of the budget.
It's difficult to overstate the awfulness of the MPS takeover plan. I am both a tenure-track UW professor and an MPS parent. It is no small thing for me to say that the OSPP/MPS takeover plan is the provision in this budget that I find most objectionable.
Speaking of the university, Motion #999 left unchanged the termination language from section 39 of the UW omnibus that will effectively end tenure in the UW System (there were likewise no changes to the proposed elimination of indefinite status for academic staff and student control over segregated fees). The past few weeks have seen top UW administrators insisting furiously that tenure will remain secure. Unlike legislators, who continue to push the half-truth that tenure is moving into Board of Regents policy, UW administrators have begun to attempt a more nuanced parse of the offending termination language itself.
The result has been a mess of mixed signals: the new party line among UW administrators is that the System can retain bona fide tenure even if the section 39 language becomes law, but that the language has created a damaging public misperception and sown mistrust among faculty and others, and so should be removed as a gesture of good faith. UW-Madison Chancellor Rebecca Blank's Chronicle op-ed of last week exemplifies this argument, which has also appeared in emails from System President Ray Cross and in conversations with UW-Milwaukee Chancellor Mark Mone reported by colleagues.
The administration's argument that tenure can be preserved under section 39 rests on what one might charitably call a Pollyanna-ish misreading of the modal auxiliary may. Here are the relevant passages from the beginning of section 39:
Layoff due to budget or program decision: Modify current law to specify that the Board may, with appropriate notice, terminate any faculty or academic staff appointment when such an action is deemed necessary due to a budget or program decision regarding program discontinuance, curtailment, modification, or redirection, instead of when a financial emergency exists as under current law.
Specify that the Board may layoff or terminate a tenured faculty member, or layoff or terminate a probationary faculty member prior to the end of his or her appointment, when such an action is deemed necessary due to a budget or program decision requiring program discontinuance, curtailment, modification, or redirection.
In the terminology of the linguist Angelika Kratzer's highly influential theory of modals, may and necessary here are interpreted with respect to different ordering sources, i.e., different sets of background facts and considerations. When JFC asks us to consider a situation in which the actions contemplated above are "deemed necessary", it is necessity in view of what the university's finances make possible, what the present educational imperatives of a university system are, and so forth. When JFC moves that such actions "may" indeed be taken in such a situation, it is possibility in view of what the law provides.
Cross, Blank, and Mone all claim to draw hope from the fact that the motion says may instead of must. This merely empowers the Board of Regents to take action under the (extremely broadly defined) circumstances specified in the motion, they say; it doesn't force the Board to take any particular action. To which one can only respond: yes, how could it be otherwise? Imagine that may were replaced with must: this would create an absurd situation in which it would be necessary *in view of what the law provides* to fire tenured faculty when such an action is deemed necessary in view of budget and program considerations. In other words, it would be illegal not to fire tenured faculty in that case.
There is no hypothetical villainous must lurking here: may itself is the problem. Until now, budget necessities short of financial emergency (to say nothing of program necessities) have been situations in which it is impermissible, in view of what the law provides, for the Board of Regents to fire tenured faculty. The mere legal possibility, newly introduced by the JFC motion, *is* the problem. It is not a problem of perception or communication; it is a problem of law and power. UW administrators have made a show of staring this problem in the face, but they still dare not speak its name.
It hardly needs repeating at this point, but all of these extremely damaging changes to the state of Wisconsin—the gutting of open records laws, the planned dismantling of the state's largest school district, the elimination of tenure in the UW System, and much more besides—were developed totally in secret by the twelve legislators who comprise the JFC majority, and passed on party-line votes within hours of being released to the public (or to committee Democrats, for that matter). The open records changes have drawn the harshest and broadest rebuke, but they are emblematic of a broader pattern of brazen disregard for the public that this committee has exhibited throughout the budget process. Chris Abele's aligning himself with this committee in its attack on Milwaukee Public Schools is unforgivable. UW administrators' steadfast refusal to question this committee's false narrative of budgetary strain and scarcity has predictably led to a dire outcome for everyone but those administrators themselves. Meanwhile, legislative leaders invoke cash balances amassed by UW administrators as an excuse for slashing funding, while in the next breath calling for those very same administrators to be vested with newly broadened powers.
It is difficult to imagine a moral failure of leadership more absolute than the one we are now witnessing at almost every level in Wisconsin.
Clearing the way
The attack on tenure and shared governance in the UW System is now attracting national attention. A coalition of twenty-one scholarly organizations issued an open letter denouncing the proposed changes. Others have since followed suit, including the AAUP. The higher ed media recognizes it for the signal event that it is. And the national political media has jumped at the opportunity to write more stories about Scott Walker, taking a subsidiary and almost prurient interest in the fate of the University of Wisconsin, which now takes the place of public-sector unions as foil to Walker's all-conquering political persona.
Closer to home, the editorial board of the Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel issued a startlingly strong defense of tenure and shared governance on Friday. The party line on the proposed changes—which has been repeated by everyone from the members of JFC to the Regents to Ray Cross and Becky Blank—is that tenure protections are simply being moved from statute into Board policy. Many of us have been pointing out, to precious little avail, that this is a bit like saying that your shield will continue to protect you when your counterpart has traded in its sword for a weaponized drone. It is, frankly, amazing that the JS called bullshit here, and that they further decried Assembly Speaker Robin Vos's "willful misreading of the whole idea of academic tenure." To be sure, the editorial board is not nearly so kind to shared governance, which it professes to exalt while in the next breath opining that chancellors "need control over the major decisions on their campuses including what courses of study are offered." But for its defense of tenure, and its vindication of reality in the face of willful and near-universal obfuscation from both legislators and UW administrators, the JS deserves major credit.
Largely lost in the present furor is attention to the state disinvestment that has precipitated the tenure crisis in the first place. The JFC omnibus motion attacks the UW System from all sides. And while it's hard to argue with people's devoting their efforts to protecting tenure and shared governance, this has shifted attention decisively away from the massive $250 million cut to the System proposed for the next two years. For all the pugnacity of the JS's stance on tenure, there was not a peep about money. Even the sharply worded resolution passed by the UW-Madison faculty senate last week limits itself to a call for legislators and administrators to remove "non-fiscal language" from the JFC omnibus.
The irony of this should be obvious: ideological animus notwithstanding, the major purpose of getting rid of tenure is to clear the way for more cuts. It is an absolute certainty that Wisconsin Republicans intend to continue cutting state appropriations to the UW System for the foreseeable future. This is clear when Robin Vos asks, "[D]o we need to have every major on every campus, or should we specialize more or do a more collaborative process?" (Never mind that an administrator's efficiency is a student's lack of opportunity; see Chuck Rybak today for more.) It is clear when our newest Regent, the son of Walker's preeminent political patron and gubernatorial campaign chair, talks immediately about cutting degree programs and says, "I think eliminating a campus is probably a pretty high mountain to climb," relishing the challenge as much as lamenting the impediment.
Regardless of what happens with tenure and shared governance, the cuts are coming. They will be devastating, and they will be followed by further cuts in future biennia. Ultimately, saving the UW System will require more than the preservation of tenure and shared governance. It will require a reversal of the long-standing downward trend in state funding. And it will require a mechanism for ensuring that increases in state funding benefit students in the form of reductions in tuition. That is to say, it will require a management structure that undoes the present moves to concentrate power, CEO-like, in the hands of chancellors, who, among other things, can recoup lost tuition revenue by unilaterally increasing other fees.
For the moment, the attack on tenure and shared governance is performing its tactical purpose admirably, distracting attention almost completely from this year's $250 million cut. But the JFC omnibus motion is a multipronged attack that calls for a correspondingly multifaceted defense, of which saving tenure and shared governance is but a single part.
In the wake of the UW System Board of Regents' decision last week to "pretend to have tenure", System leaders are coming to acknowledge more and more in their public statements the correctness of the worries they have simultaneously attempted to depict as alarmist. The very grave problem posed by section 39 of the JFC omnibus motion is finally on the public radar of UW administrators, though they continue to soft-pedal its severity.
Here is the relevant portion of Chapter 36.21 as it currently stands: "Notwithstanding ss. 36.13 (4) and 36.15, the board may, with appropriate notice, terminate any faculty or academic staff appointment when a financial emergency exists."
The JFC motion hasn't yet been publicly released in the form of proposed statutory language, but when section 39 is incorporated into statute, the relevant portion of 36.21 (or its replacement) will likely end up looking something like this: "Notwithstanding [potential replacements of to-be-deleted tenure/indefinite status provisions], the board may, with appropriate notice, terminate any faculty or academic staff appointment when such an action is deemed necessary due to a budget or program decision regarding program discontinuance, curtailment, modification, or redirection."
The Board of Regents at its meeting last week did not even entertain the idea of adopting the current 36.21 language as Board policy, as it did with the current 36.13 language around dismissal. There may be a variety of reasons for this, but here is an obvious and politically disinterested one: the new statutory language emanating from section 39 will logically entail the old 36.21 language. Financial emergency is just a special case of the much broader conditions outlined in section 39, and so putting the old 36.21 into Board policy would be completely ineffectual. (On the other hand, specifying in Board policy that termination could happen "only when a financial emergency exists" would be a far more stringent condition, and so would contradict statute.)
System President Ray Cross and UW-Madison Chancellor Rebecca Blank are apparently now working actively to remove the section 39 provisions from the budget, and this is indeed welcome news. At the same time, they are attempting to reassure everyone that something like adequate tenure protections can be maintained even if section 39 stays in. This was stated by Cross in his weekend email to chancellors (as reported by Karen Herzog yesterday) and by Blank in her message to the UW-Madison community today. Here is the relevant excerpt from Blank's message: "Section 39 isn't a command or directive. It merely authorizes the Board of Regents to lay-off faculty for the stated reasons. The Regents can decide when and how they want to invoke that authority."
In other words, Cross, Blank, and other UW administrators are attempting to hang a meaningful set of tenure protections on the "deemed necessary" hook in the anticipated statutory language. They think they have found a loophole; I'm not a lawyer, but count me as highly skeptical. The problem comes down, once again, to the difficulty of finding a way to articulate conditions under which the actions could be "deemed necessary" that doesn't conflict with statute, which will specifically outline a broad set of conditions of just this type. For instance, the proposed conditions certainly couldn't limit such actions to cases of financial emergency, for reasons outlined above.
The Board of Regents can, as a matter of informal practice, "decide when and how" to use the powers granted to it by the Legislature. But it cannot formally adopt a written policy that forbids it from using its statutory authority. That would be, in the most literal sense, against the law. (And of course, this whole discussion sets aside the very open question of whether the present Board of Regents has any interest in forswearing the broad firing powers that JFC wants to give it.)
The only hope for tenure in the UW System is for section 39 to be removed from the budget. As my colleague Richard Grusin put it yesterday, Wisconsin is about to go from being the only state with tenure in statute to being the only state with broad provisions for firing tenured faculty in statute.
A final note: it will be important for UW-Madison and UW-Milwaukee faculty to maintain their current mobilization in the event that the section 39 language becomes law. The threat against tenure and shared governance (including for academic staff and students) is a universal one. In practice, the firing ax, if and when it falls, is likely to fall first and most heavily at the UW Colleges and the 11 four-year non-doctoral campuses, far from Milwaukee and especially from Madison. For all the ideological animus behind the attack on tenure and shared governance, the motivation is perhaps most immediately a financial one. The Madison faculty's preeminence in winning external funding means that the savings from firing the average Madison faculty member is likely lower than at any other UW campus, and in many cases there would be a large net cost to the System; and likewise, though to a far lesser extent, for Milwaukee.
As our state government turns the austerity screws, those who fare best under its logic must not abandon the principled fight that, for the moment, has united faculty across the UW System.
Post-tenure review: BOR-ed to death
Reader, I was there: at yesterday's meeting of the Education Committee of the University of Wisconsin System Board of Regents, held here at UWM, where a resolution on tenure was taken up; where faculty from UW-Madison and UW-Milwaukee addressed the Regents about the importance of tenure and questioned the motivation for altering its legal status and definition; and where a symbolic but nonetheless significant amendment asking the Legislature to remove nonfiscal items from section 39 of JFC's omnibus motion #521 of last Friday was snuffed out, on a party-line vote, in a bit of well-orchestrated parliamentary sabotage.
The existing statutory protections for tenured and tenure-track faculty in the UW System consist of two parts, one limiting the grounds for "dismissal" and the other providing an override permitting "termination". Chapter 36.13 says that faculty "may be dismissed only for just cause and only after due notice and hearing"; but Chapter 36.21 adds that, notwithstanding those and related provisions, "the board may, with appropriate notice, terminate any faculty or academic staff appointment when a financial emergency exists." In other words, a faculty member can be fired and their position refilled only if there is "just cause" for doing so; but if a financial emergency forces the elimination of the position altogether, a faculty member can be fired absent any independent just cause. The various penalties and other difficulties attendant upon declaring a financial emergency are severe, and the existing protections for faculty are correspondingly quite strong.
The current talking point among Republican legislators and many Regents is that tenure is being moved from statute into Board policy. Quite apart from the question of why one would do this in the absence of a desire to weaken tenure protections (the oft-repeated point that Wisconsin is the only state where tenure resides in statute is just an observation, not an argument), this way of framing the matter obscures what is actually happening. The dismissal provisions of 36.13 are being deleted from statute and copied into Board policy; but the termination override language of 36.21 is being drastically expanded in statute by JFC in section 39 of the omnibus motion. The Education Committee yesterday, and the full Board today, voted not to exhort the Legislature to drop the expanded termination language from statute. If that language becomes law, the restraints previously imposed by the financial emergency condition will be completely removed, and essentially any program change, reorganization, or downsizing initiative can be used as a reason (or a pretext) for terminating faculty.
Animus towards tenure is of course not only a Republican trait: some of the most zealous "school reformers" of recent years are Democrats who have taken aim at tenure for K-12 teachers and principals. More generally, the project of putting private interests in the way of massive public cash flows is a fully bipartisan one.
But the present attack on faculty tenure in the UW System is also part of a particularly Republican project. Specifically, UW faculty tenure is an obstacle to the broader project of dismantling the state. With state appropriations to the UW System having been continually cut (by both Democratic and Republican administrations) over the past fifteen years, we are now at the point where cutting further would require firing faculty. The law is being changed accordingly. As we now know, this is being done with the tacit approval of the Board of Regents, who will oversee the downsizing necessitated by this year's cuts and those that will surely follow in the future.
Meanwhile, the Regents also moved at this week's meeting to dramatically expand their power relative to faculty in chancellor searches, in line with the newly downgraded role of faculty in university governance spelled out in the JFC omnibus motion.
There is a slim hope that tenure in the UW System might be saved, but it will require the removal of the section 39 termination language from the budget. The Board of Regents will not advocate for its removal; perhaps individual Regents might. It is incumbent upon faculty to do what little is in their power to generate goodwill with legislators, particularly with those few Republican state senators who might swing the budget vote. One specific action that can be taken is for faculty senates across the UW System to pass resolutions in support of a future cap on tuition increases for resident undergraduates. This might rankle administrators, who have argued vehemently against any such cap, but it would be a good thing for students, and faculty should support it independently of present concerns over tenure. It also happens to be a major concern of State Senator Steve Nass (R-Whitewater).
In all likelihood, we are headed for the elimination of tenure in the UW System in all but name, and its messy fallout: certainly lawsuits, probably censure by professional organizations, possibly even loss of accreditation and access to federal student aid. Some faculty will leave for other universities; many more won't be able to, for a variety of reasons. But all UW System faculty will have one eye on the door from here on out.
UW post-mortem: outcomes
In the wake of JFC's disastrous UW System omnibus bill passed last Friday, here are a few reflections on the role of UW System administrative leadership in getting us to this point and the consequences for the various parties involved. An assessment of outcomes, if you will.
From the perspective of faculty, academic staff, classified staff, and students, System leadership's strategy of accommodation and non-confrontation with the Legislature looks like a spectacular failure. Tenure and shared governance are gone; indefinite status for academic staff is gone; students' role in shared governance is gone. We have a $250 million cut, an unfunded tuition freeze, and no "stable and predictable" funding increases scheduled for the future. The notion that the much-touted "flexibilities" somehow depended on the public authority structure has likewise been shown to be false: section 19 of the omnibus bill exempts the UW System from state law governing purchasing and procurement by state agencies. It's two sentences long; easy peasy.
From the perspective of System administrators, things look rather different. While tenure can be nominally reimplemented in Board of Regents policy (even if section 39 of the omnibus bill kills it in practice; but please do sign this petition!), shared governance is definitively neutered in statute. Legislative leaders have loudly declared their intention to make chancellors more like CEOs, and our local right-wing think-tank community wants to go even further. Against this backdrop, UW System leaders' public statements in response to JFC's omnibus bill—statements whose overriding tone is one of gratitude undergirded by obsequiousness—make perfect sense, even as they alternately disgust and infuriate the rest of us. Amid the general calamity for faculty, academic staff, classified staff, and students, there is an alignment of legislative priorities with administrative interests.
The question is what will be left for our newly empowered chancellors to preside over. The question is perhaps most pressing for the system flagship, UW-Madison. While Madison is the campus best able to weather the financial challenges of the $250 million cut, it is also the campus most vulnerable to the financial fallout of faculty poaching and defection: it has the farthest to fall. As scholars depart and take their external funding with them, the $250 million cut in state support will represent an ever larger proportion of the System's total budget.
The big fish in UW administration are getting bigger, and the pond is getting smaller. The rest of us may have to evolve and take our chances on dry land. God help the students.
Today was finally the day for the UW System: a $250 million cut over the 2015–17 biennium, tenure removed from statute, shared governance severely curtailed, no public authority. UW System President Ray Cross and the Board of Regents' response? Declare victory!
Before JFC's omnibus bill was even passed, Cross and the Regents announced that they would move immediately to enshrine tenure in Board policy at their meeting next week. Meanwhile, one of the two longest and most detailed items in the bill, item 39, is basically a step-by-step guide for firing tenured faculty. The circumstances under which the Board can do this, per JFC's wording, are essentially limitless: "a budget or program decision requiring program discontinuance, curtailment, modification, or redirection". Look for the Legislature to direct the Board to make broader use of these powers in the future should it prove insufficiently keen to do so at the outset. (Update: Item 40 strikes indefinite status for academic staff from statute for those who don't have it by June 30, 2015, and prohibits its reimplementation in Board policy.)
Also included in the omnibus motion are items removing students' control over the segregated fees that they charge themselves (items 32 and 37), placing control instead in the hands of campus chancellors; deleting a prohibition against universities' using students' social security numbers as their student ID numbers (item 63; who knew the identity theft monitoring lobby held such sway with Wisconsin Republicans? update: read this); and making the Waukesha County executive a chartering authority for charter schools that will receive public funding (buried inside item 70).
The very long item 70, devoted to creating "additional charter school authorizers", is of a piece with last week's JFC omnibus K-12 bill, which has garnered national media attention for its cruel and gratuitous assault on public education. That bill set in motion an expansion of Wisconsin's system of publicly funded private-school vouchers, creating an entirely new government entitlement for the estimated 80% of anticipated voucher applicants who already attend a private school; the cost over the next ten years is pegged at between $600 million and $800 million. It also put forward a plan, authored by two Republican JFC members from the Milwaukee suburbs, to privatize Milwaukee's "lowest-performing" public schools, on the model of disastrous "recovery" districts that have been created in cities like New Orleans and Detroit; see Jay Bullock's column of this week for a thorough take-down. And it included a provision removing all licensing requirements for public school teachers; I shit you not.
In short, Wisconsin Republicans have declared total war on public education. Both the K-12 bill and the UW bill were negotiated and written totally in secret by committee Republicans, with the details released to the public only hours before the final, fore-ordained votes were held. Moral and political commitments aside, this leaves one to wonder whether those legislators who are quickest to cite "market-based" considerations have even a basic understanding of what Wisconsin's comparative advantage is. Wisconsin has a hard-earned and well-deserved reputation for its excellent public schools and universities. Without those, what is the point of living in Wisconsin as opposed to some other state? Set aside the fact that no UW campus will ever be able to recruit a top-tier scholar again. Why would anyone choose Wisconsin as a place to raise their family? Why would anyone in their right mind move to Wisconsin after this budget?
The budget still has to pass the full legislature, after which it will be subject to one of the strongest and most wide-ranging gubernatorial veto powers in the country. Some of the truly crazy stuff may yet come out. But a lot will stay in. Public K-12 and the UW System will be badly, perhaps irreparably, damaged.
A lot has already been said today about UW System leadership's handling of the budget mess, and about Ray Cross's leadership and negotiating tactics and strategy. I will leave the last word to Board of Regents President Mike Falbo: "With President Cross's leadership, this new sense of partnership has helped us get to where we are today."
Done and done
Today it's official: no new revenue. The much-hoped-for one-time cash infusion that Republican legislators were counting on in order to paper over the budget disaster they've created will not be forthcoming. Despite having crossed all their fingers and toes, the Spring Revenue Fairy left them nothing. How disillusioning! It's the kind of thing that makes some people stop believing in trickle-down economics.
With the rude if predictable demise of the fantasy, the media has wasted no time in trotting out the "tough choices" narrative to frame the late-stage budget negotiations that will take place in its wake. Should you for some reason fail to appreciate the abject dishonesty of this narrative, allow Chuck Rybak to disabuse you. Here's a rule of thumb: the degree to which the media is carrying the GOP's water with this framing is directly proportional to the pissiness of the beat writers' tweets when they get called out.
Walker and legislative leaders immediately announced that they would move some money around to spare public K-12 from the $127 million in cuts that Walker proposed in February. The details apparently involve monkeying with the timing of scheduled payments, not coming up with any actual new money, with the result that there will be an even bigger hole to fill two years down the road. Guess where Walker plans to be then?
Where does this leave the UW System? Can the state ship a briefcase full of cash across the International Date Line for us, too? Alas, things are more or less where they were: JFC Co-Chair John Nygren still says he wants to reduce the cut, Senate Majority Leader Scott Fitzgerald still says the UW can go to hell, and Scott Walker and Ray Cross are still talking about flexibilities.
Speaking of which, the other big "no" of the week was announced yesterday: no public authority. It's hardly a surprise at this point, but it's still good to see the proposal officially dead in this budget. It was never a serious idea. It was never clear why the touted savings and flexibilities couldn't be achieved via statute, or what purpose the proposal served other than to distract attention from the massive proposed budget cut.
What remains very much up in the air at this point is the status of Chapter 36. In Walker's initial budget proposal, the creation of the public authority went hand in hand with the near-total excision of Chapter 36 from state law: the UW System, tenure, shared governance, Downer Woods, everything. All of it was to be put in the hands of the Board of Regents. Now that the public authority is off the table, the only sensible thing for the legislature to do is to retain Chapter 36 intact, in its entirety, in state law. You don't push someone out of the plane when you've just thrown away their parachute.
Don't be surprised if they take a quick stab at stitching a new one, though. JFC now says it won't send the budget back to the full legislature until the end of May. UW is slated to be one of the last items voted on. That's lots of time for bad ideas to be floated, but also lots of time for UW supporters to organize and lobby legislators.
If nothing else, the existential uncertainty surrounding Chapter 36 should light a fire under the faculty at Madison: the System flagship is the campus best able to shield itself from budgetary threats (even if to the detriment of the rest of us), but on matters of tenure and shared governance, no one stands apart.
Waiting for the dough
Not much news on the state budget front this week. Why not? After all, it's late April, and the Joint Finance Committee has been getting set to wrap up its work and send the budget back to the full legislature for a while now.
In fact, JFC decided not to meet at all this week. Instead, they have postponed any further meetings and votes until after the April revenue estimates are announced, which is set to happen this coming Monday.
Let's pause for a moment and reflect on the ridiculousness of this situation. The Wisconsin legislature's very powerful budget committee, whose job is to help set state spending priorities for the coming two years, is waiting on a near-term revenue estimate to determine the fate of public K-12 and the UW System (and much else besides). Legislators who have wide latitude to craft budget policy in order to achieve their professed goals are throwing up their hands and praying for rain. The elected leaders who have it in their power to restore full funding for public education in Wisconsin are instead eyeing the Department of Revenue like a bunch of TV weathermen camping out for Punxsutawney fucking Phil.
Will spring tax receipts see their own shadow? The governor's office has been hinting furiously that there won't be much new revenue to work with. And with our Republican-run state government having deliberately tied one hand behind its budgetary back, that means the proposed cuts likely won't be reduced by much. Walker today suggested that he would support a reduction in the cut to UW's two-year colleges, which, thanks in part to their getting only about a quarter of the per-student funding that Madison enjoys, are facing a true existential threat from the cuts. UW System President Ray Cross, meanwhile, unaccountably spoke against the idea of sparing the UW Colleges.
Monday should be interesting; more anon.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


PHP & MySQL for "DUMMIES"
Thread: PHP & MySQL for "DUMMIES"
Hi, I just bought PHP & MySQL for "DUMMIES" as I am a complete newbi to both PHP and MySQL. I was just wondering if anyone has had any experience with this book. At the moment it seems prety good but I just wanted any feedback on it.


text:
Мали́нники — деревня в Берновском сельском поселении Старицкого района Тверской области. Расположено в 8 км от Берново и в 27 км от Старицы, на берегу реки Тьмы.

Усадьба Малинники

Усадьба принадлежала Прасковье Александровне Осиповой-Вульф.
С 1828 по 1833 год А. С. Пушкин трижды приезжал к ней в Малинники. Здесь он любил работать и создал несколько произведений..

Усадебный дом разрушился в 1923 году. В настоящее время сохранились часовня и заброшенный парк. В парке установлена стела с профилем Пушкина. Усадьба входит в «Пушкинское кольцо Верхневолжья».

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки
 Литературная карта Тверского края — Малинники
 По дороге с Пушкиным

Населённые пункты Старицкого района
Усадьбы Тверской области

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Rudolph 2012 was a great success and as a result we have to say a big thank you to a large number of people and companies who helped with this. The two chosen charities who benefited from the generosity shown by the Ipswich public were really appreciative for any support offered and for us and you to have done so well is truly touching.
It is amazing to see the good this does within our own local community and as a result we are really thankful for the support our corporate partners have shown and the goodwill among you all. We have big plans for Rudolph in 2013 and it could even be time Rudolph was given a spruce up. More to follow on this but from all of us at Round Table – thank you as without the help from these corporates Rudolph wouldn't be here.


text:
ghayt ghayt.com
Home/colombia/The choice of Colombia: Falcao admitted what Queiroz told him when he came
The choice of Colombia: Falcao admitted what Queiroz told him when he came
colombia June 20, 2019 colombia
Forward Radamel Falcao García was granted by Colombia on Wednesday "He suffered" to win the minimum difference Qatar, but he retained peace to seek three points.
"The most important thing is that he won. Colombia suffered, but we knew how we could stay strong emotionally continue their efforts throughout the game ', He said after the game of Morumbí stadium.
See here: Duván Zapata has already tried Serie A! Can he play in Copa América?
"Colombia created a lot of danger throughout the game, There are many options and if we mentioned one of these options, the procedure was different, but we never lowered our arms, he said.
He added that the "coffee" team get more rest for the last game of the group against Paraguaya, Sunday in Salvador. "We are calmer and now you can face the possibility of Paraguay further strengthening the Quarterly Group ", he looked.
He believed that Brazil's Copa America "is fairly balanced". He said it Qatar is a "complex choice with talented players, very quickly in counter-attack, and they develop more. "
The fact that the game was started in a reserve bank said that the instructions of the Portuguese coach Carlos Queiroz "went out a bit and interfered more with the opposing defense."
Here: Colombia already has a date and time for a quarter-finals when its competitor is waiting
He avoided commenting on his future. "I do not know, I'm thinking about the national team in the Copa America and then I think of Monaco."
Falcao, questioned by the Chilean press, said the team was headed by Colombian coach Reinaldo Rueda "He came out twice of the American Championship, It has good players, it already has a structure and it is a team that is always strong. "
The third day of Group B, which ends the first phase, will be on Sunday Colombia with Paraguay in Salvador and Qatar in front of Argentina in Porto Alegre.
Premier League: does Mourinho Davinson respect Sánchez? He comes in when the extra time expires and he only has 32 seconds on the field
Samsung explains why it decided not to include a charger or headphones in the box of its new devices
The three keys to mental well-being
cases and deaths today, January 13th
The story of Myriam Camhi, a famous Colombian confectioner who died this Sunday, January 10
VIDEO: They watch for the first time how living cells react to magnetic fields (and could explain how some animals move)
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Josef Richardson's funeral
Posted: Aug 9, 2019 / 03:58 PM CDT / Updated: Aug 10, 2019 / 11:35 AM CDT
Many tears were shed Friday afternoon as Josef Richardson's family laid him to rest.
"We're doing our best," Josef's brother, Joseph Richardson III, said.
15 days after Richardson was shot and killed by a sheriffs deputy his family began to grieve by saying their last goodbyes.
"All we can do is move forward and hope the judicial system will do its job and bring forth justice and truth," Richardson III said.
Loved ones hugged and clutched each other tightly, comforting each other through this tough time and hoping to one day get answers.
"We still haven't heard anything, any factual information," Richardson III said.
On Wednesday lawyers representing the family filed a public information request with the West Baton Rouge Sheriff's Office in hopes of finding out what led to the shooting on July 25. Now attorney Haley says they should be getting answers soon.
It's a sad occasion when you lose anyone but to lose someone in such as tragedy and to still not have any answers 15 days afterwards its tough," Haley said.
Some of the requests include 911 tapes from that night, plus body camera footage and any previous disciplinary complaints against the two officers.
"We demand justice and accountability. we make sure that this doesn't happen again and if it does the same script does not continued to be followed," Haley said.
Now that Richardson has been buried, attorneys for the family say they can focus on finding out the truth.
"The fight is just now beginning. this is the mourning and the grieving process that they family has to go through but the fight begins now," attorney Dedrick Moore said.
by Anum Siddiqui / Jan 16, 2021
BATON ROUGE, La. (BRPROUD)- The Baton Rouge Fire Department reported to a house fire around 8:20 a.m. on Jan. 16 at 454 Finchley Avenue.
According to BRFD, the fire began in the laundry room due to a malfunction with the dryer.
by Kennedi Walker / Jan 15, 2021
BATON ROUGE, La (BRPROUD)- At Ambrosia Bakery, Saints fans are ordering their treats in preparation for the big game. Only 3,000 fans are allowed to watch the game at the Mercedes Benz Superdome, but super fans like Johnny Palermo, say he doesn't mind watching the game on TV, especially if he has his sweets.
"We eat a lot more," Palermo said.
by Jonah Gilmore / Jan 15, 2021
BATON ROUGE, La. (BR Proud News) - Millennial Park has been receiving rave reviews with its vibrant colors and out of the box concept. Now, some people who live in the neighborhood nearby say, some things need to change.
Feet away from Millennial Park, bricks are lining the street down the Park Hills subdivision.


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History for Young Learners (2)
Pre-History (81)
Ancient History (523)
Ancient Technology (General) (26)
History of the United States (3742)
Settling of the Americas (Pre-History - 1600) (48)
Colonial Era and Revolutionary War (1607-1783) (274)
Exploration and Expansion (1783-1860) (218)
Civil War and Reconstruction (1861-1875) (251)
Post Civil War Era (1875-1920) (162)
Between the World Wars(1920-1940) (107)
Modern Era (1940-2000) (579)
Recent Events in the U.S. (2000-Present) (95)
American Roots Culture (169)
General Overviews of U.S. History (20)
Black History in the U.S. (369)
Anasazi Tribe (2)
Native-American Activities (7)
Native American History (81)
Native American History (overview) (22)
Native/Settler Conflicts (17)
"The First People" (Series) (5)
"500 Nations" (Series) (23)
"500 Nations" (Series) Parts 1-10 (10)
"500 Nations" (Series) Parts 11-20 (10)
"500 Nations" (Series) Parts 21-23 (3)
Other Tribes (8)
Sacagawea (3)
Sioux Tribe (9)
Sitting Bull (2)
Trail of Tears (8)
Women's History in the U.S. (66)
United States Presidents (894)
Historical Biography (Non-Presidential) (248)
U.S. Immigration (63)
Historical Sites and Museums (47)
History of Africa (73)
History of Asia (221)
History of Australia and New Zealand (9)
History of Great Britain and Ireland (233)
History of Canada (19)
History of Continental Europe (355)
History of Exploration (81)
History of Latin America (145)
History of the Middle East (13)
Today in History (480)
Wonders of the World (19)
World Biography (73)
World Organizations (24)
Miscellaneous History Topics (354)
500 NATIONS (PART 19) - Tecumseh
From YouTube (Approved: teresahopson), produced by A Tig Production
This is a clip from the six-hour documentary series 500 Nations, which is a comprehensive history of Native American history in the US after the arrival of explorers from other countries. Vintage photos are included in the video. (05:08)
Ages: 12 - 18 License: Proprietary Owner: Majestic Films and Television International Found by teresahopson


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Ministry of Labour proposes changes to OHSA
The Ministry of Labour is proposing a new regulation under the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) that would enable the Office of the Worker Adviser (OWA) and the Office of the Employer Adviser (OEA) to provide support for workers and small business involved in reprisal complaints. The Ontario Labour Relations Board (OLRB) and the ministry have mapped out a proposed process for expediting resolution of OHSA-related reprisals where the worker's employment has been terminated; including the role ministry inspectors will play in the proposed process. The purpose of the proposed regulation would be to provide, free of charge, non-unionized workers and small employers with educational information about reprisals as well as legal advice and representation in respect of reprisal complaints.
The proposed functions of the OWA would be to educate non-unionized workers about reprisals, advise non-unionized workers who believe that they may be the subject of a reprisal, and represent non-unionized workers who are making reprisal complaints or are the subject of referrals to the Ontario Labour Relations Board (OLRB).
The proposed functions of the OEA would be to educate, advise and represent employers with fewer than 50 unionized or non-unionized employees in respect of reprisals and referrals to the OLRB under section 50 of the OHSA. The OEA's legal representation would be restricted to proceedings before the OLRB.
The proposed regulation is one element of a broader Ministry of Labour initiative to implement recommendations of the Expert Advisory Panel on Occupational Health and Safety, which conducted a comprehensive review of Ontario's occupational health and safety system in 2010. The Panel's report included a recommendation to speed up the process of resolving reprisal allegations, and a recommendation that workers and small employers involved in reprisal allegations should have access to educational information and legal support from independent third parties, such as the OWA and OEA.
The MOL is consulting on the proposed regulation. The public is invited to provide written comments during a 45-day period, beginning December 16, 2011 and ending on January 31, 2012. Written submissions received during the consultation period will be considered in the final preparation of the proposed regulation. Click here for more information and to find out how to submit feedback.
OHAO Forum – Workplace Fatigue: Occupational Hygienists Role in Preventing and Managing an Emerging Health & Safety Issue
Fanshawe College Summarizes the PSHSA WIN a Paid Internship #studentchallenge Contest
Working at heights training, certification training, basic occupational health and safety training. If you are someone who has ever read or seen these phrases before, chances are you are someone who has completed Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Awareness and Training.
PSHSA featured in June Issue of Ontario Building Officials Association Journal for JHSC Training
Article on Page 12.
Workplace Bullying Part II – OOHNA Spring/Summer Journal Edition


This post will teach you how to refill the HP 92 black ink cartridge in four simple steps.
The HP 92 black ink cartridge yields up to 220 pages when it is brand new and up to 150 pages after being refilled. This cartridge is made of pigmented ink and you should ink the type of ink to refill it, if you are not able to find the pigmented ink, you can refill the cartridge with the dye ink or water-based ink.
Remember to never let any ink cartridge completely runs out of ink, doing so could damage the circuit of the cartridge and when those circuits are damaged there is nothing less to do with the cartridge.
HP Deskjet 5440 photo printer; HP Deskjet 5440xi photo printer; HP Deskjet 5440v photo printer; HP Officejet 6310v all-in-one printer; HP Officejet 6310 all-in-one printer; HP Officejet 6310xi all-in-one printer; HP Photosmart C3135 all-in-one printer; HP Photosmart C3150 all-in-one printer; HP Photosmart C3140 all-in-one printer; HP Photosmart C3180 all-in-one printer; HP Photosmart 7850 printer; HP psc 1510xi all-in-one printer; HP psc 1510v all-in-one printer; and HP psc 1510 all-in-one printer.
We recommend printing test sheets after refilling this ink cartridge to check how the colors are working. If you wish to learn how to do this, please visit our post How to print a test sheet.
Before starting the refilling process, we recommend cleaning the contacts on the cartridge, this is necessary but not mandatory.
However, if you have not used the cartridge for a long period of time we highly recommend cleaning it to remove the dried ink.
Place the ink cartridge into a flat surface where you can easily refill the cartridge, you may also use an old piece of fabric to cover the surface use against ink spill.
Carefully remove the sticky label from the tops of the ink cartridge, the one with the color and the ink number. We recommend removing this label before refilling the cartridge to allow the air to enter cartridge to help with the print quality. PS do not discard this label because you will need to put it back at the end of the process.
Slowly inject 5ml of ink into the cartridge to help the ink spread and the inner sponges to absorb it.
After refilling the ink cartridge, gently clean it with a napkin and put it back in the printer. Then print a test sheet to see how this cartridge is working, if you do not know how to print a test sheet, please check our post about printing a test sheet.
Remove the ink cartridge from the printer and clean the contacts located on it using a wet napkin.
You should also clean the contacts on your printer.
If this doesn't solve the problem, then turn your printer OFF for 10 minutes and disconnect the power cord from it. You may plug the cable back and install the cartridge on the printer after this time has passed and turn the printer back ON.
If you still can't reach a solution, then please contact us.


RS Components can help you keep your HVAC systems and buildings in complete control for maximum comfort and efficiency. We stock heating and hot water programmers, humidistats, thermostats, wiring centres and temperature sensors from brands such as Honeywell, Eberle and Theben. We can also supply advanced wireless room controllers from Schneider.


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Based in Washington State, Dab Kits emerged in an attempt to offer high-quality vaporizers at a resonable price. They produce and distrubute a variety of portable wax vaporizers, each backed by a factory warranty.
Sonic is a full service packaging corporation, specializing in the engineering, design and manufacturing of custom delivery systems for the medical / pharmaceutical / nutrition industries for over 20 years. Child resistant packaging is our main focus for the cannabis industry, and currently offers a variety of unit dose and multi-dose packaging options.


Pterattack is a revamped game, now sporting new graphics and slightly different game play from it's previous version. Take control of a green Pteri flying through canyon taking out enemy Pterodactyls and the rampaging Grarrls. With 4 different weapons to take up, blast your way to fun.
Use the arrow keys to move around the screen, and the space bar to fire off your shots. You can keep it pressed down to keep a steady fire going.
Pterodactyls: These come in a variety of colors, starting with brown and a slightly more resistant green. They then increase to blue, yellow and red each requiring more shots of the basic blaster to take them out. However, they are all worth only 5 points each. The brown ones only need to be short by any of the weapons at basic level to be taken out, green ones require two basic shots, blue ones require three shots of the basic weapon, and so on. Increasing the strength of your weapon makes taking them out easier. At the second level, your weapons kill both brown and green Pterodactyls with one shot for instance.
Red Grarrl: Worth ten points if you shoot it, it will come up from behind you stomping down villages. Somewhat dangerous to shoot without diagonal or horizontal weapons.
You may find yourself frustrated early on by not being able to fire your gun rapidly especially as enemies start to close in. Level one weapons only allow two shots to be on screen, meaning, your shot has to clear the entire screen, or hit an enemy, before you can fire again.
I recommend using the FireBall or PterBoom weapons, as their rate of fire and dispersal is good enough to clear yourself an opening and mow down plenty of enemies. But as always, whatever suits your style of play and works well is best for you.
Playing near the top increases your rate of fire and danger just as much. Hitting enemies before they even pop into view increases the rate at which you rack up points, but becomes harder and harder as the level increases. Past Level 5, as the blue Pterodactyls appear, you'll need your weapon at it's highest level. Staying in the middle allows you to take out more enemies if you use the wider spread weapons, and you can avoid the Grarrl easily as well as the occasional large clump of enemies. On the higher levels, drift in and out of the pack taking out the right targets such as lower level brown or green Pterodactyls.
Dealing with the Grarrls can be tricky unless you're using a weapon that strikes off to the sides, as getting in behind the Grarrl can cost a life for a mere 10 points.
Lining up to the side of it, out of his biting range, you can take him out using the basic (second and third power level) PterPod, 2nd power level (and above) FireBall, or 2nd Level (and above) PterBoom. Using the PterShot or a basic FireBall, PterBoom, you'll need to crawl in behind the beastie to blast him.
The game starts off simple and easy, but progresses rapidly on higher levels where you must learn to decided on which section of the screen to take up, and you have to actively think quickly as to whether you have enough power to cut through the oncoming enemies swarm or whether you have to get out of the way to avoid losing a life. Practice will make that easier, since as you keep playing at a glance you can tell whether you're in trouble or whether you're safe without as much effort.
The Snowager is awake. He'll be sleeping in 6 hours, 30 minutes.


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Dreamlines
Who is dreaming? The user, or the Internet itself? In a certain way, both. "Dreamlines is a non-linear, interactive visual experience. The user enters one or more words that define the subject of a dream he would like to dream. The system looks in the Web for images related to those words, and takes them as input to generate an ambiguous painting, in perpetual change, where elements fuse into one another, in a process analogous to memory and free association.
The system has been developed in Java and PHP. First, a PHP script makes a Google image search of the words entered by the user. Then, the Java applet retrieves the images one by one, and uses them as input to generate an ever-changing drawing. The pictures are never actually shown. The drawing itself is produced by 1500 autonomous particles in perpetual movement. The last image loaded serves as a sort of virtual terrain for them. The direction and speed of each particle is given, at each step, by the color values of the pixel they are stepping on. Different sets of formulas translate the hue, saturation and brightness of the pixel in angle and velocity values for the particle. The path of each particle is traced to the screen, and this forms the output seen by the user. Thus, the work is at the same time a study on population dynamics, or on the emergent behavior of a multitude of very simple autonomous agents.
The program generates a personal moving picture, unique, unpredictable, and forever gone when it is finished, just like dreams. But that dream is made out of pieces taken form the subconscious of the whole net, gathered by some words of the user and the obscure logic of searching algorithms. The subject of this work is, many times, multiplicity. That of the particles in endless movement, that of the vast contents of the Internet, that of the users and the dreams they wish to dream. All this multiplicities get together on the verge of chaos, on a process that mixes randomness and strict but complex logics, very much alike the processes that take place in our heads. Even when we rest. (from the website)
vISual CHaoS
Indirect flights
A is for Apple
Cameron's World
Oculart
The Doorman [passing]


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Gainford, Durham Genealogy
Gainford
Guide to Gainford, Durham family history and genealogy: parish registers, transcripts, census records, birth records, marriage records, and death records.
Gainford, Durham
Auckland; Darlington; Teesdale
GAINFORD (St. Mary), a parish, in the unions of Teesdale, Darlington, and Auckland, chiefly in the SW, but partly in the SE, division of Darlington ward, S division of the county of Durham; comprising the chapelries of Barnard-Castle, Denton, and Whorlton, and the townships of Bolam, Cleatlam, Gainford, Headlam, Houghton-le-Side, Langton, Marwood, Morton Tinmouth, Piercebridge, Stainton with Streatlam, Summerhouse, and Westwick. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. [1]
Gainford St Mary is an ancient parish and the present church is believed to have been built in the thirteenth century by the community of St Mary's Abbey, York. The earlier church on the site is referred to by Simeon of Durham as the burial place of Edw or Edwine in 801. He had entered the monastic community of Gainford as a former Northumbrian chief.
Gainford parish registers of christenings, marriages and burials are available online for the following years:
TGEN = TheGenealogist - (£)[2]
GAINFORD PARISH Online Records
TGEN
To find the names of the neighbouring parishes, use England Jurisdictions 1851. In this site, search for the name of the parish, click on the location "pin", click Options and click List contiguous parishes.
Durham University Library Archives and Special Collections DDR/EA/PBT/2/110 1763-1851
Parish Register transcripts are available to search free online at FamilySearch Historical Records. The transcripts include transcripts for 1843 for the parish of Denton, Durham Genealogy
The dates of the post-1760 transcripts have been noted in detail and sometimes only cover years. For most parishes in the collection there are gaps in the sequence of transcripts. It is advisable to consult the original parish registers for these years and events.
The Parish Registers for the period 1560-1980 are deposited at Durham County Record Office, County Hall, Durham, DH1 5UL (EP/Gai).
FamilySearch Historical Records includes England, Durham Diocese, Marriage Bonds and Allegations - FamilySearch Historical Records
Independent/Congregational
Wesleyan Methodist
Teesdale Poor Law Union, Durham Genealogy
Gainford on GENUKI
↑ Lewis, Samuel A.,A Topographical Dictionary of England(1848), pp. 275-279. Adapted. Date accessed: 11 December 2013.
↑ 'Parish Records - Coverage', The Genealogist, accessed 27 September 2013.
Retrieved from "https://www-a3.familysearch.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=Gainford,_Durham_Genealogy&oldid=3747846"


Sauerkraut: Good for the gut and easy to make – Nena Foster.Food.
Lacto-fermentation is a great way to preserve vegetables, and locking in their nutrients and increasing the gut-friendly bacteria. Almost any vegetable (and fruit) can be fermented, but perhaps the most famous and fuss-free ferment is sauerkraut. Sauerkraut is made when the sugar in the cabbage is converted to lactic acid, which happens when salt helps to facilitate the growth of good bacteria, lactobacillus. Sauerkraut can be enjoyed several ways, as a side dish, on salad, in a soup and can even be dehydrated into crackers. It is easy to make and can be enjoyed for several months. Once you get the hang of it, it is fun and easy to experiment with spices and flavours.
If you want to learn more about fermentation as well as few other recipes, I run workshops in Brockley, SE4 at the Sunflower Centre.
This recipe is for a powerhouse of a sauerkraut, full of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, heart and brain-loving nutrients, thanks to the turmeric, garlic and mustard seeds. The addition of the black pepper also adds to the anti-inflammatory properties, but it also helps to aid digestion by increasing nutrient absorption and increasing the secretion of stomach acid. Enjoy this sauerkraut as part of any meal or on its own!
1. Chop or grate the cabbage (finely or coarsely, depending on your taste) and be sure to save some of the outer leaves as well as the core for packing the jar.
2. Place the cabbage in a large plastic bowl once chopped, sprinkling the salt on the cabbage.
3. Massage the cabbage for about 5 minutes to break down the cabbage and start to draw the water out. Alternatively, you can leave this for 15-30 mins and allow the water to be drawn out naturally.
4. Next, add the garlic and spices and mix until well combined.
5. Once mixed, start packing the cabbage into an airtight preserving jar (i.e. a clip top Kilner or screw top Mason jar). As you pack, tamp it down hard using your fists (if they fit into the jar), a rolling pin or muddling stick. You want to leave about a 3cm gap at the top of the jar.
6. Make sure the cabbage is submersed in liquid, and cover the cabbage with a few of the leftover leaves (you may have to tear these to fit).
7. Place a clean weight (a ramekin, fermenting weight, sterilised stone or the core of the cabbage).
8. Seal the jar and leave the sauerkraut to ferment on the kitchen counter for three days (you will need to 'burp' the jar once or twice a day) before transferring it to a cool dark cupboard to ferment from 1-6 weeks—the longer the better.
9. You can check the flavour of the sauerkraut using a wooden or plastic spoon. Once you are happy with the flavour you can transfer the sauerkraut into smaller jars and store it in the fridge. This will keep for 7 or 8 months in the fridge and the flavour will continue to develop.


Kiev is situated in the north of central Ukraine along the Dnipo River. Kiev is the capital city and has a long and important history dating back to the 5th century. Ukrainians are very proud of Kiev, which has seen much change over the years. It played an important role in establishing European civilization in the eastern region of Europe and has some stunning architecture that appeals to its growing band of tourists.
Some great tourist attractions located in Kiev include the Chernobyl Museum but because the signage is not in English it is advised that you organise an English-speaking tour with a guide. The Motherland Statue is a stunning tribute to the country's role in WWII. The War Memorial surrounding the statue has an array of military hardware on show in its museum.
In recent decades, Kiev's downtown area has been transformed with Western style design; many new residential complexes, five-star hotels, nightclubs, fine dining restaurants and boutique shops are now present. Many of the original buildings have been restored to their former beauty, which has given the city its own style, mixing the old with the new.
Kiev is very green with many parks and gardens available for everyone to enjoy. Close to the centre of town, the Botanical Gardens are home to numerous exotic plants and fauna. Close by, the Kiev Zoo features cute native animals. Another fun family-orientated attraction is Hydropark, which features water activities and other forms of recreational entertainment. Kiev has a long and interesting history and its architecture reflects this. One of Europe's oldest cities, Ukraine has some fantastic buildings such as the St. Sophia Cathedral and the Kiev Pechersk Lavra, both of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The Mariyinsky Palace built during the mid eighteenth century, St. Michael's Cathedral the giant Mother Motherland statue made of titanium standing at the Museum of the Great Patriotic War on the Dnieper River.
Boryspil International Airport is situated around 40 minutes by car from the city centre and has an array of daily flights to and from most major European cities. Kiev's railway station is positioned in the centre of town and is well serviced by trains from all over Ukraine and also some close European countries. Driving is possible but road rules and traffic conditions can be tricky for foreign drivers.


text:
Installation

You can view full documentation for this component in the pickaday repository. This documentation should be enough to get you going.

npm install pikaday --save

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


FiRST STEP IS ANSWERING THESE QUESTIONS SO I CAN BETTER UNDERSTAND YOUR BIZ AND GOALS AND HOW WE CAN WORK TOGETHER.
Give me a description of your business and links to any of your existing online presence (website & social channels).
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ie. PDF design, ebook design, business cards, social media graphics, etc. List out any other areas you will want design support on.
List 3-5 websites that you really like and tell me why.
Select a range for your budget. This is the budget you would have allocated to website design services.
Provide any ideas or thoughts you have in mind that will help understand your needs and your business more.
Let me know how you found me. Social Media, Website, Referral, Search, Etc. If a person, please share first and last name so I can thank them.
Do you want to subscribe to my monthly newsletter where I share offers, tips, advice and resources?


Come join our men's group.
We meet every Tuesday night to sit down and discuss bible and to share prayer requests that we face everyday as men.
Come and form new friendships, closer bonds, and most importantly a great accountability group for men because we are all united as brothers under the banner of Jesus.
Please contact Pastor Miles for more details.


Let's face it: Ordinary gadgets are ephemeral. Your smartphone may be new today, but it'll be obsolete tomorrow. Is it really worth hundreds of dollars?
How about thousands? Or tens of thousands? Yes, you can add diamonds and gold to your tech toys and embrace that fleeting usefulness with a sense of glamor and devil-may-care about the future or your finances. If you can afford them, makers of glam gadgets will put stunning wealth in the palm of your hand.
For instance, for the price of a luxury car, the Aesir AE + Y will let everyone know just how much you don't cling to money.
This bare-bones offering from Danish company Aesir has solid-gold keys, a sapphire crystal screen, and a wraparound high-gloss ceramic body. Price tag: $54,000. But don't expect to take any photos, browse the Web, or check your position with GPS, because it can't do any of that.
At least no one can use it to snap incriminating photos at millionaires' parties. There's a declasse stainless-steel version for only $9,400.
Is this the world's most expensive iPad? That's what Camael Diamonds says of this $1.2 million diamond-encrusted folly.
It boasts 1 kilogram of gold and 300 carats worth of perfect diamonds. There are black diamonds on the Home button as well as the Apple logo on the back.
If you've got the shekels, Camael will customize your own iPad with gems of your choice. How would you outdo diamonds?
Fancy some black alligator in your back pocket? This $12,800 version of the Vertu Ti is a midrange option from the bespoke maker, formerly part of Nokia.
Handmade in England and running Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich, the Ti is a heavy chunk of glam housed in sturdy titanium; features include a Concierge service, a helper on speed-dial for booking tickets, accommodation, or other jobs.
While it may be five times more durable than other mobiles, the Ti is 10 times more expensive.
What did a Hong Kong businessman do with his family's 26-carat black diamond? Putting it in safekeeping is too boring, so he hired British craftsman Stuart Hughes to stick it onto an iPhone 5.
The $15 million phone has a solid-gold chassis, 600 white diamonds for added bling, and the black diamond right on the Home button.
Diamonds may be forever, but how long will the iPhone 5 last?
The Cruiser Titanium White from Russian glam-electronics maker Gresso isn't much of a luxury bargain, but what is? For $3,000 you get a solid titanium case, pear-like stainless steel buttons, and a Symbian S40 operating system.
You might feel better knowing it's limited to 999 units. Or you could take inspiration from its fanciful ad copy, which suggests it's for women: "Feminine handset of Cruiser collection is highlighted by pearl white color. The perfect ensemble of glossy mirror surface and pure snow-white color adds the phone a romantic and delicate touch."
Jackpot! You must have gotten very lucky in Vegas if you can afford this ridiculously opulent handset from Gresso. Priced at a very cool $1 million, the Luxor Las Vegas Jackpot is an ode to excess: a case made of 180 grams of 18-karat gold, and adorned with rare black diamonds and 200-year-old African blackwood on the back panel. Its laser-engraved keys are fashioned from crystal sapphires.
As far as design goes, the gold-brown motif on the case recalls the roulette wheels of Sin City, the capital city of excess itself.
Next time you check in at Dubai's jaw-dropping Burj Al Arab, you'll find a gold-plated iPad waiting in your suite. They don't boast diamonds (yawn), but the 24-karat tablets are engraved with the property's logo on the back.
Produced by Gold & Co. London, the iPads are on sale in the hotel's boutique. Should you wish one, they're a cool $10,200.
Sapphires for your iPad Mini?
Your iPad Mini doesn't want to look generic. It needs this $700,000 case splashed with natural sapphires and diamonds.
The National Sapphire Company's case has an18K high-polished white gold body set with 3,328 natural Ceylon blue sapphires. The Apple logo is set with 50 round diamonds weighing a total of 5 carats.
"Don't be just another drone on your hour-long commute fitting snuggly in with the steel gray of our technological society," the company said in a blog post. "Be different, be unique... be conspicuously and resplendently beautiful!!!"
Your generic Kindle is dull as dishwater. What you really crave is Amosu Couture's Amazon Gold Kindle.
For $1,950, you get a 3G Kindle in hardened 24-karat gold with optional Swarovski crystals. What better bling to caress with your fingers while your eyes drift through your favorite e-book?
If you love tech bling, you can't overlook Gold & Co. London's shimmering wares. The company applies multiple layers of gold plating to popular Apple and BlackBerry products, like this BlackBerry P9981 Porsche Design.
Gold & Co. uses T304 aircraft-grade stainless steel for its housings, which are plated with 24-karat gold. Each is then numbered and shipped in a hardwood box.
Has the iPhone 5 ever looked this good? Gold & Co. London's version of the phone has engravings on the back indicating it's part of a limited set of 250. It also comes in rose gold.
For diehard Blackberry fans, this 24-karat gold-plated Q10 is billed as the first of its kind by Gold & Co. London.
Rounding out Gold & Co. London's Apple lineup, the gold and rose gold iPad Minis come in a limited edition of 250.


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A firewall is a device (usually a router or a computer) installed between the internal network of an organization and the rest of the Internet. A firewall is designed to control the access to a system.
A packet filter firewall filters at the network or transport layer.
A proxy firewall filters at the application layer. For example: an organization wants to implement the following policies regarding its Web pages: Only those Internet users who have previously established business relations with the company can have access; access to other users must be blocked. In this case proxy firewall is used.


Payday loans let you borrow relatively small amounts of money for a short period – from a few days up to a month, until you get paid the following month.... A payday loan is a short-term loan intended to tide you over until you next get paid. It's an expensive way to borrow, but there are rules the lender has to follow. Find out what the rules are and how you can make a complaint if your lender breaks them.
A payday loan is a short-term loan intended to tide you over until you next get paid. It's an expensive way to borrow, but there are rules the lender has to follow. Find out what the rules are and how you can make a complaint if your lender breaks them.... There are still more steps to getting out of payday loans debt. Step 4: Repay only what you can afford One of the gripes people have over how payday lenders work is over their collection process.
This guide explains all the steps you will need to take to apply for a payday loan refund from Wonga, MyJar, Mr Lender, Lending Stream, Payday UK, Quick Quid, Wageday Advance, Satsuma, Sunny, Uncle Buck or any other payday lender.... Getting payday loans online repeatedly is unsustainable, as it works out extremely expensive, and these cycles are extremely difficult to get yourself out of. Always ensure you take out a this type of loan for one-off short-term problems.
Payday loans are designed to be short-term loans of £100 to £1,000 that – as their name suggests – tide you over to the next payday, at which point you have to pay it back, plus the interest accrued.
The Consumer Finance Association, which represents the major short-term lenders operating in the UK, said payday loans should not be used to attempt to fix long-term debt problems.
While you can apply for payday loans in brick-and-mortar stores, more people are beginning to take advantage of the benefits that online lenders offer. With online lenders, the entire process is completed online, so you can expect to apply, receive a decision and get funded, if approved, all online.
Good afternoon, Payday loans via the internet are legal in the State of California. However, the lending company must be licensed to do business in California.


text:
KMHL (1400 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a full service News/Talk/Classic Country format serving Marshall, Minnesota. Since its inception, the station has been owned by Linder Radio Group. The station first signed on the air on November 30, 1946. KMHL also rebroadcasts on FM translator K269GR 101.7 FM in Marshall.

Translators
KMHL broadcasts on the following FM translator:

References

External links
1400 KMHL official website
Marshall Radio website

Radio stations in Minnesota
News and talk radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1946
1946 establishments in Minnesota


text:
Q: Finding rational points on a non-trivial algebraic curve The curve in question is defined as the set of all points $(x,y)$ where both $x$ and $y$ are in $(0,1)$, and that satisfy the following:
$$ \left( x^4 - 6 x^2 + 1 \right)  \left( y^4-6y^2+1
 \right) -64 x^2 y^2 = 0$$
I do not know how I could identify even a single rational point on this curve, let alone others.
Any assistance would be appreciated.

A: The equation
$$
\left( x^4-6x^2+1 \right)  \left( y^4-6y^2+1 \right) - 64 x^2 y^2 = 0
$$
has no rational solutions; indeed the only solutions for which both
$X := x^2$ and $Y := y^2$ are rational are those with $x^2 = y^2 = -1$.
Bruno Joyal already noted that $X$ and $Y$ satisfy
$$
\left( X^2 - 6X + 1 \right) \left( Y^2 - 6Y + 1 \right) - 64 X Y = 0,
$$
and noted that this equation still has degree $4$ and that
in general a degree-$4$ curve has genus $3$.  The good news is that
in fact this curve has genus $0$.  The bad news is that it is not
a rational curve over $\bf Q$, and the only rational solution
is the singularity at $(X,Y) = (-1,-1)$.
For the "good news", note that the curve has degree $2$ in each variable
separately, which makes its genus at most $1$; the node at $(-1,-1)$
then drops the genus to zero.
For the "bad news", compute the discriminant with respect to $Y$,
finding that $8 (X+1)^2 (X^2+10X+1)$ must be a square.  If $X=-1$ then
the equation $(X^2 - 6X + 1) (Y^2 - 6Y + 1) - 64 X Y = 0$ becomes
$8(Y+1)^2 = 0$, so we recover $(X,Y) = (-1,-1)$.
If $X \neq -1$ then $2(X^2 + 10 X + 1)$ must be a square.  But
$2(X^2 + 10 X + 1) = 2 (X+5)^2 - 3 \cdot 4^2$, and
$2a^2 - 3b^2$ cannot be a square unless $a=b=0$,
because $2$ is not a square mod $3$.
[We could also show this using congruences modulo $8$.]
Hence $(-1,-1)$ is the unique rational solution of
$(X^2 - 6X + 1) (Y^2 - 6Y + 1) = 64 X Y$, and we're done.

A: First, you might want to try finding a rational point on
$$(X^2-6X+1)(Y^2-6Y+1) = 64XY.$$
It is an easier problem. Then you can try to find a point $(X_0, Y_0)$ for which both $X_0$ and $Y_0$ are squares.
The projective closure $X \subseteq \mathbf P^2$ of the curve $(X^2-6X+1)(Y^2-6Y+1) = 64XY$ is a plane curve of degree $4$. The first thing you should do is check whether it is smooth. I didn't check.
If it is smooth, then it has genus $(4-1)(4-2)/2 = 3$, and Faltings' theorem implies that there are finitely many rational points on $X$. It's very hard to know a priori how many points there are, so if you do a brute force search for points, you might not be able to tell when you have found all of the points.
If $X$ is not smooth, compute the normalization $\widetilde X \to X$. (You can do this completely mechanically, by blowing up at the singularities until they resolve. This is a nice thing with curves that doesn't work in higher dimensions.) Then try to find a rational point on $\widetilde X$. Whether there is much hope will ultimately depend on the genus $g$ of $\widetilde X$. If $g=0$ then you will be able to parametrize $X$ using rational functions (over $\overline{\mathbf Q})$. If $g=1$ then $\widetilde{X}$ becomes an elliptic curve after a finite base change and a choice of point (over the new base). In this case, there are algorithms to compute a basis for the group of points. If $g>1$, you'll have to be creative.
Finding rational points on algebraic varieties is, in general, a very difficult problem with no straightforward solution.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Джийн Мари Унтинен Оел  (, Мари на френски, Унтинен на фински) е американска писателка, позната най-вече с нейната поредица романи "Децата на земята", разказваща за живота на хората в праисторически времена. Книгите ѝ са преведени в над 34 млн. копия по цял свят.

Биография
Джийн Оел е родена в Чикаго, Илинойс на 18 февруари 1936 година. Тя е второто от пет деца на бояджията Нийл Соломон Унтинен и Марта Виртанен, семейство с финландски произход. Омъжена е за Рей Бърнард Оел, двамата имат пет деца и живеят в Портланд, Орегон. Работи последователно като секретарка, редактор и кредитен мениджър.

През 1977 година, Оел започва мащабно изучаване на Ледниковият период за своята първа книга "Кланът на пещерната мечка". Записва се в курсовете по оцеляване на експерта Джим Ригс, за да добие практическа престава как са живеели примитивните хора в пещерите, как се пали огън с кремък, как се обработва кожа и други умения.

След успеха на първата книга, Оел започва пътешествие из праисторически места и се среща с много експерти с които разговаря обширно за живота на праисторическия човек. Прекосява Европа от Франция до Украйна в търсене на интересни факти за праисторията на Стария континент. Сприятелява се с френския учен Д-р Жан Клоте, с когото посещава и изследва пещерите Коске (открита през 1985) и Шове (открита през 1994) във Франция.

Оел е член на Менса.

Библиография

Поредица "Децата на земята"
 Кланът на пещерната мечка (1980)
 Айла (1980)
 Долината на конете (1982)
 Пещерният лъв (1982)
 Ловците на мамути (1984)
 Джондалар (1985)
 Айла през равнината (1990)
 Премеждието (1990)
 Дългият път на север (1990)
 Завръщането (1990)
 Каменните убежища (2002)
 The Land of Painted Caves (2011)

Източници

Външни препратки
  на Джийн Оел

Американски писателки
Американски автори на исторически романи
Родени в Чикаго


text:
Marek Szkudło (* 28. Februar 1952 in Tychy, Polen) ist ein polnischer Geistlicher und römisch-katholischer Weihbischof in Kattowitz.

Leben
Marek Szkudło studierte Philosophie und Theologie am Priesterseminar in Krakau und empfing am 23. März 1978 durch Bischof Herbert Bednorz das Sakrament der Priesterweihe für das Bistum Kattowitz.

Nach Tätigkeiten in der Pfarrseelsorge war er von 1987 bis 1994 Visitator für die katechetischen Zentren des Bistums. Außerdem war er Seelsorger für die Pfadfinder und Mitglied der diözesanen Liturgiekommission. Von 1994 bis 2012 war er Pfarrer in Jastrzębie-Zdrój sowie Dekan. Außerdem war er mit der Seelsorge für die Arbeiter und Bergleute beauftragt, war Moderator der jungen Priester des Bistums und gehörte den Konsultorenkollegium an. Im Jahr 2003 verlieh ihm Papst Johannes Paul II. den Titel Päpstlicher Ehrenkaplan (Monsignore). Ab 2012 war er Bischofsvikar für die Priesterfortbildung und gehörte dem Priesterrat an. Zudem war er Präsident der diözesanen Kommission für den Klerus.

Am 13. Dezember 2014 ernannte ihn Papst Franziskus zum Titularbischof von Wigry und zum Weihbischof in Kattowitz. Die Bischofsweihe spendete ihm und dem gleichzeitig ernannten Adam Wodarczyk der Erzbischof von Kattowitz, Wiktor Skworc, am 6. Januar des folgenden Jahres. Mitkonsekratoren waren Alterzbischof Damian Zimoń und der Altbischof von Liegnitz, Stefan Cichy. Als Wahlspruch wählte er In te Domine speravi.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Römisch-katholischer Bischof (21. Jahrhundert)
Römisch-katholischer Geistlicher (20. Jahrhundert)
Titularbischof
Weihbischof
Römisch-katholischer Bischofsvikar
Pole
Geboren 1952
Mann