Is crowdfunding a viable way to finance your research?
Obtaining research funding through traditional routes is becoming ever harder. Could alternative funding sources provide a solution? Charissa de Bekker discusses her experiences financing her research through crowdfunding - soliciting donations directly from members of the public.
Charissa de Bekker has spent recent years probing the underpinnings of the 'zombie ant' model system, formerly as a post-doc in the lab of David Hughes at Penn State and now as an Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow at LMU Munich.
Her latest research was published last month in BMC Genomics. An unusual aspect of the study is that it was partly financed through donations from the general public via the crowdfunding platform Experiment.com.
Here Charissa discusses her experiences in financing her research through this novel avenue.
Can you briefly outline what your research involved?
I am very interested in learning how certain parasites can change their host's behavior in order to increase their chances of transmission. To study the aspects in play, I use the zombie ant system as a model. Here, ants get infected by a fungus of the genus Ophiocordyceps, which slowly changes the ant's behavior. Ultimately the fungal parasite guides the ant out of the nest to climb up the vegetation where it latches on a couple of hours before death.
Though the natural history of this and other manipulating parasite-host interactions have been well described, we do not know a whole lot yet about the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of manipulation. Therefore, in our crowd-funded study we investigated the gene expression during manipulated biting behavior in ants infected with Ophiocordyceps.
We found that a large part of the fungal genes that are up-regulated during this biting event are not present in the genomes of other insect-infecting parasites. This suggests that there is something very specific about the ability of these fungi to induce this biting behavior.
Among these up-regulated fungal genes were those that putatively encode for proteins with reported effects on behavioral outputs, involved in neuropathologies and involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. We also found that the parasite might be regulating the ant's immune- and neuronal-stress responses, cause apoptosis, and impair its chemosensory communication.
What made you decide to try crowd-funding to finance this part of the project? Had you already tried more conventional funding sources?
It's no secret that it is hard to find funding for fundamental, risky research projects into systems that have not been established yet. Especially if this research is being proposed by an early-career researcher and there are no preliminary results that show the funding committee that you are already halfway towards your research goal.
I was lucky enough to land an EU Fellowship to pursue my research interests, however the research budget could not cover all the ideas I wanted to explore. Obtaining a transcriptomics dataset would push my research into the right direction but eat up most of the budget making it more difficult to reach some of the other project goals. That's when I decided to try and find a more creative way to get the funds to establish this important dataset.
Supported by the Experiment.com team, I ran a crowd-funding campaign (you can find it here). On Experiment.com, in return for the support from the crowd, you promise to keep them updated on your progress and give people a 'behind the scenes' experience on the research you're doing through online Lab Notes.
Next to the monetary motivation, I was very much drawn to this idea of sharing my research with people that are interested in hearing about it and might otherwise not get a look into the 'scientific kitchen'. Who doesn't want to get the opportunity to get the crowd excited about the research they're passionate about, right?
How did you decide on an amount of funding ($4500) to aim for?
I think if people decide to fund something out of their own pocket, they 1) have to get excited about the concept, and 2) will want to know what you're exactly going to spend their money on. With that in mind, I sat down and budgeted what I would need to create the dataset that would push the rest of my research forward. And with that, would make it easier to get future funding.
Of course, I have plenty more ideas and there is most certainly more I could do with more money. But, instead of wanting it all at once, I decided to keep the proposed project small and the concept straightforward: if you're interested like me in learning how certain parasites can create zombie-like behavior, you can help me get the first experiments done that will push my research in the right direction. And in return you'll get to hear about the results first hand.
When setting up your project funding page, how difficult was it to communicate the aims of your research to a general audience?
It requires a different mindset indeed to drop the scientific jargon and still get the point across. Not just when setting up the funding page but also when trying to communicate the progress and the results.
I experienced it as a good exercise though to try and convey your ideas in such a way that for instance your aunt or someone you meet at a bar can understand what you're doing and go "that's pretty awesome!", so it's not just interesting for people who work within a certain field.
How did you go about promoting your project and attracting potential funders?
The money definitely did not come rolling in just like that and getting it fully funded indeed required a lot of work. I shared the project regularly through all kinds of social media (Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn) in the hope it would eventually reach those that were interested in seeing it succeed.
During the campaign, I already started writing lab notes that provided a bit more detailed information about the project, the lab I worked in, what my colleagues were doing, and so on. I also made sure to thank each person that decided to back the project personally by sending them an email (I figured it was the least I could do). This motivated some to get involved themselves as well and share the project with their personal networks.
Furthermore, I wrote to several science journalists and bloggers asking if they would be interested in covering the project. This got the ball rolling as well and eventually certain media outlets started to pick up on the project independently.
Last but not least, I also did an iAmA (stands for "I am a" and AMA stands for "ask me anything") on Reddit about the project, which resulted in me frantically trying to answer the many questions people had about the project and behavioral manipulation in general. It was great to see the discussion unfold itself and other scientists jumping in as well to comment.
Over 100 people backed your project. What do you know about these people?
The majority of the very first backers were indeed friends and family. They provided the necessary initial numbers that got the ball rolling. The rest of the backers are interested members of the public, fellow scientists from related but also completely unrelated fields, medical doctors, college students and even a Mycological Association, which collectively donated as a group.
They are a pretty interactive bunch that ask great questions, comment on the lab notes, and take the time to send messages to congratulate on new publications and such!
Will you use this avenue to seek funding for future projects?
Overall, I think this was a very positive experience so I would definitely do it again.
Final question – what would be your best piece of advice to other scientists considering financing their research via crowd-funding?
Do it! But if you do it, make the time and commit to it because money is not rolling in by itself. See it as a chance, not only to get funding, but also to get your enthusiasm and passion for what you do across to others, build out your network and improve your communication skills. This way you'll get something positive out of it, regardless the outcome.


After several months of messing with the RC-2000 I can now say with some confidence that it is NOT compatible with the HAI thermostat plugin in Homeseer.
If you want a good standalone thermostat, or one to hook up to an HAI system, I highly recommend the RC-1000/2000. If you want to hook up to Homeseer, I recommend you steer clear.
After several months of different DB9 pinouts, I am now confident I have the right connections. My last test today was to use an entirely new cable path, including new cat-5 and RJ-45->DB9 adapters. No success. I also got a replacement RC-2000, with newer firmware, and one that has not exhibited strange symptoms like my first one. This did not help the HS2 connectivity unfortunately.
I've also purchased a PCI Serial adapter to rule out the USB->serial adapter. That did not help. So after sinking about another $50 in trying to get this to work over 3.5 months, I'm finally giving up until someone tests this further and/or updates the plugin to officially support the Omnistat2's.
I'm anxious to hear if/when someone else has positive results. I've also not opened up a ticket with HS, but will probably wait until one or more users actually have the RC-2000 before heading down that route.
The bad thing is that I just purchased a new home security system and went with a GE Caddx. I likely would have gone with an HAI OmniLT to ensure integration with my thermostat (but at a cost of probably $200+ more than what I paid for the GE). But I held out hope that I could get the RC-2000 working with HS2.
Good luck to whoever tries to get this working... and PLEASE post your success here if you get it working!!!
UPDATE!!! The plugin DOES work. The HAI documentation is wrong. System baud must be set to 300 too.
I just received 3 RC-2000's from Martin at AO and hopefully will have a chance to give this a whirl during the weekend or next week. I will post my findings and keep my fingers crossed that the HST guys will update the plug-in if needed to support these tstats in HS2.
If the Thermostat plugin has some type of debug mode where it logs the communication to-from the thermostat, enable it and post the log.
I can't fix the plugin, but I understand the omnistat protocol enough to work out where it's not working.
There is no obvious option for debug in the web configuration pages or the mini config app or in the ConfigIO tool. I suppose a special debug dll could be used, but HST would have to provide one.
I simply get constant "Timeout writing data to Thermostat" and "Timeout Reading Data from Thermostat" in the HS log. Plus setting temps/modes or thermostat status/data is not accurate on the status page, ie, it says -48 degrees F.
I've not tried the HS plug-in yet, but I am able to communicate with my stats from the PC using RealTerm. Have you verified comms in your setup outside of HomeSeer?
Thanks to dschoppe, we've learned that the HAI documentation is wrong. System baud must be set to 300. I have both System and Expansion baud at 300, and my COM port at 300, and the plugin works fine.
I'll spend a few more days using the plug in to test it out for sure, but it reads and writes to the thermostat as expected now (and as well as it did for the RC-80).
After using the plugin for a few days, I can say that the basic operations work just fine. The things that don't work are the reporting of the total running time to the plugin and some scheduling conflicts.
The thermostat itself will give you the last 4 weeks of runtime, and breaks it down by week. But the plugin doesn't get that info like it did with the RC-80. Not a big deal for me now, but I've always wanted to log my HVAC run times and graph them while comparing to outside temp and my total electric bill. You can remove the runtime totals from being displayed in the plugin and I've done that for now. It'd be nice to see that feature added for the RC-1000/2000.
I've always used the schedule on the thermostat, but it was on by default in the plugin and created some really weird times in the schedule on the thermostat. My morning/day/eve/night start times on the thermostat all went to a weird time, like 152:99:00. I just disabled the schedule on the plugin and had to reprogram on the thermostat. All is fine now. I did not test running scheduling only with the plugin.
That's about all I've seen. Everything else works fine. I will say that it'd be nice if the plugin could read and report the humidity on the RC-2000.
Thanks for the update. Hopefully, when the HST guys get through the HS2 and HSTouch releases, they'll have a chance to add the additional features to fully support the RC-1000/2000.


Wake Forest and Cisco are working together to transform the way students, faculty, and staff members interact with each other and with collaborators around the world. Wake Forest will be the first university in the world to unite every member of the extended campus community with a site-wide license for Cisco WebEx Meeting Center.
"There is a network-effect with Collaboration—the more people that adopt a common platform when they communicate and collaborate, the greater the impact. Wake Forest has demonstrated real innovation when rethinking the education model," said Carl Wiese, vice president, Global Collaboration Sales at Cisco. "By adopting a leading-edge technology solution that is standard across the entire campus, they're not only simplifying the implementation of that solution, but they're also enhancing the experience for their educators, students and administration staff." Read more.
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Fashion Culture | Aryanization and the Destruction of Berlin's Fashion Industry
By 1930, Berlin emerged as an international fashion capital. It's success even drew Parisian fashion designers. Most of the fashion businesses were owned and operated by German Jews. In their thrust to decimate the Jewish population, in 1933 the Nazis implemented a campaign to force these firms to sell. Signs in store windows read "Germans defend yourselves against Jewish atrocity propaganda, buy only at German shops", meaning wear dignified clothing not made by the Jews.
Author Uwe Westphal of Fashion Metropolis Berlin 1836–1939: The Story of the Rise and Destruction of the Jewish Fashion Industry, shares this history in a discussion with FIT historian Keren Ben-Horin and journalist Jennifer Altmann, whose grandfather ran one of Berlin's fashion houses.
By the end of the 1930's, the Nazis had taken over Jewish businesses. All assets of 2700 Jewish fashion houses, retailers, and manufacturers were confiscated. These textile and fashion firms were valued at more than $1.0 billion in today's dollars. Owners, tailors, and seamstresses were sent to labor and concentration camps and used as slave labor to make clothes for the military and Nazi high society. Westphal's book was published July 2019. He started his research in 1984, was threatened and had to move six times. He says, "some in the German fashion industry were very very angry that I was doing my research". He left Germany and moved to London.
Today, a memorial marks this history in Hausvogteiplatz, the center of Berlin's fashion district. From his documented account of names responsible for this persecution, Jewish families are able to claim restitution from the German government.
Fashion Culture presents a series of stories unknown, or if known, overlooked, as part of EDGE's education content. Fashion Metropolis Berlin 1836–1939: The Story of the Rise and Destruction of the Jewish Fashion Industry, a buried story from the Holocaust, yet EDGE recognizes its significant contribution to fashion's history.
More reading, history of Berlin Fashion:
https://www.eldridgestreet.org/blog/jewish-designers-used-to-set-the-fashion-trends-in-berlin/
https://atlantajewishtimes.timesofisrael.com/nazi-anti-semitism-destroyed-berlin-fashion-industry/
Image: Pinterest, Gary Moon | Berlin 1928, at a polo tournament, scan from: Berlin die 20er Jahre, Christian Brandstätter Verlag
Follow EDGExpo.com to receive feature articles by email of stories like these, an 'intelligent look at fashion'. Click on "sign up", located in the far right column.
Tags: Berlin fashion history fashion history
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Ideological models are widely accepted as the basis for many academic studies of the Supreme Court because of their power in predicting the justices' decision making behavior. Not all votes are easily explained or well predicted by attitudes, however. Consensus in Supreme Court voting, particularly the extreme consensus of unanimity, has often puzzled Court observers who adhere to ideological accounts of judicial decision making. Are consensus and (ultimately) unanimity driven by extreme factual scenarios or extreme lower court rulings such that even the most liberal and most conservative justice can agree on the case disposition? Or are they driven by other, non-attitudinal influences on judicial decisions? In this paper, we rely on a measure of deviations from expected ideological patterns in the justices' voting to assess whether ideological models provide an adequate explanation of consensus on the Court. We find that case factors that predict voting disorder also predict consensus. Based on that finding, we conclude that consensus on the Court cannot be explained by ideology alone; rather, it often results from ideology's being outweighed by other influences on justices' decisions.


In Bolivia, the government does not support disabled children and poor disabled children have no way of getting proper treatment. The aim of this project is therefore to change this frame or context for the disabled children so that they might get better opportunities for developing and a higher quality of life. EWB-DK´s goal is to build a therapy building for the disabled orphans. In addition, the aim is, through this orphanage, to benefit disabled children of local poor residents in Santa Cruz and Warnes.
Experience has shown that timely exercise therapy is extremely important and gives children the opportunity to gain skills for a better life/better quality of life. This project will focus on the construction of a building for therapeutic treatment of children living with disability at the orphanage "Hogar San José" in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, since the existing buildings were not adequate for the children. The new building provides space and opportunity for training activity in a variety of dimensions, allowing individual and continuous treatment of children living with disability, which will develop their abilities to take care of themselves and give them a higher quality of life.
The project contributes to good health and well-being and reduced inequalities in compliance with the current UN Sustainable Development Goals.


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Métis Business Group Buys Teulon Goose Plant
Letters – for Apr. 15, 2010
April 15, 2010 Cereals
Strategy The Topic At EG&S Panel Discussion
April 8, 2010 Livestock
Rice Production Plan Could Be Controversial
April 1, 2010 Cereals
ATeulon goose plant on the verge of shutting down a year ago will continue to operate under a new owner – the Métis Economic Development Organization (MEDO).
A recently signed agreement with former owner Don Salkeld sees the Métis group assume ownership of Northern Goose Processing for a purchase price of roughly $3 million.
The slaughter line has been idle since last year while Salkeld sought a buyer for the company founded in 1976. A related goose feather and down business is still in operation, said Blake Russell, CEO of the Métis Economic Development Organization.
The plant will resume full production this fall after undergoing $2 million in renovations, slated to finish Sept. 1, Russell said.
Northern Goose is the only federally inspected goose-processing plant in Canada and the only one in North America certified to export goose meat to the European Union.
The company recently won an eight-year legal battle to restore its EU export status after the Canadian Food Inspection Agency delisted the plant as an authorized exporter in 1999.
The courts eventually awarded Salkeld $8.5 million in damages but left him financially drained and wanting to get out of the business. He listed the plant for sale in early 2009.
The newly formed MEDO saw a business opportunity and went for it. Northern Goose is one of the Métis organization's first commercial enterprises and its very first acquisition, said Russell.
The company will continue to focus on marketing to the European market as an Aboriginal branded product, he said.
"We're buying this plant to focus on growing the demand overseas taking the Canadian Aboriginal brand and going to the world and selling it."
Salkeld will continue with the company as the plant's general manager.
Russell said Northern Goose aims to process 10 million kg (live weight) of geese and turkey annually. A local Hutterite colony was a main supplier in the past. That relationship will continue but the company is also looking for other suppliers, including Métis farmers in the Interlake region, he said.
The only other federally inspected turkey processor in Manitoba is Granny's Poultry.
MEDO expects the plant will generate $5 million in procurement from local producers, millions of dollars in export sales, 150 full-time jobs and more in spinoff employment, said Russell.
The plant could present an opportunity to turkey producers either to buy more turkey quota or to fill partially empty barns with geese, which do not require quota, he said. [email protected]
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Home Foreign relations
AUKUS is tied to the economic and political decline of the United States
Posted By: Editor 4 November 2021
Contributed by Joe Montero
At a time of worsening international tensions, it would make a great deal of sense for Australia to be playing a constructive role towards reducing these tensions. Sadly, with Scott Morrison and his gang in Canberra, Australia has been dragged into moves that do the opposite.
The shift in Australia's dealing with other nations has nothing to do with national defence and everything to do with the power of Washington over Australian political decisions. Enough to use Canberra to punch others on the nose, when it will not do for Washington to do so itself.
Behind this is a declining empire that can no longer dominate the global scene without challenge, and increasingly relying on threat and war to cling to the dream of everlasting American power. The decline is about economics. The United States has a huge debt problem with the rest of the world, which came from the under performance of its economy. Much of the manufacturing base has gone.
Doing business relies on financing the world, trading in shares, property, commodity and currency bubbles, and online services. Without these, the American economy would be in real trouble. But the trouble with an economy relying on the creation of debt is that this is not sustainable for ever. The means to pay the debt must be found
The probem ies in that the rate of return on investment has been falling for a long time. The graph be;ow provides a visual representation of what had been happening over the last 30 years.
Source: Fidelity Investments, Asset Allocation Research Team (AART).
Short-term and even medium turn fluctuations tend to cover the longer term fall. Although the illustration above is not an accurate description of what has been happening in the real world, it still gives a good idea of the trend. A further pointer is the bar graph below. It shows a fall in the absolute return on investment.
Source: Fidelity Investments proprietary analysis of historical asset class performance, which is not indicative of future performance.
Stocks delivered their highest performance during the early 1960's, returning an average of more than 20 percent. Then the return began to shrink to around 5 percent, and into negative territory under recession condition – up to around -8 percent.
Bonds, which are in the main certificates sold to the private sector by government, were used as a means to counter the falling rate of investment, by providing a higher return when redeemed. Some increase on the money supply has also tended to hide what has been happening to the rate of return. Neither government support or more money could ever stem the fall in the return across the whole economy.
We can see from the graph below that the level of global direct foreign Investment has been falling significantly since the stimulus package response to the Global Financial Crisis
The falling away of investment is further revealed by the trend in foreign direct investment (FDI) across the planet. The findings below reveal that since the stimulus era that began with the response to the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 and ended with Donald Trump's entry into the White House, FDI has been going downwards for developed and developing economies.
FDI inflows: global and by group of economies, 2007–2020 (billions of US dollars)
Source: UNCTAD (preliminary estimates)
For developed economies the FDI flow fell by 69 percent to $229 billion. The United States recorded a 49 percent drop. 31 percent or $107 billion went to China. Most of this flow is financed through the global financial system dominated by American owned banks. The overall decline of 42 percent has its origin in the weakness of the United States Economy.
These are some of the indicators that underline how serious the situation has become. The overall problem of the weakness of the American economy is more complex than this. But these facts alone show that it is in trouble and that the is connected to a change in the pattern of investment.
United States Foreign Debt is ballooning out. The graph below shows the rise in the debt owed by the United States to the world.
This year, $US1.31 trillion is owed to Japan, $US1.071 Trillion to China, and a similar amount is owed to Europe. A more than $3 Trillion debt with no ready means to pay it back provides Washington with an incentive to to compel its creditors to absorb as much a s possible. The way to do this is to open these nations to economic penetration. This is where China fits in. This is the new emerging economic powerhouse, and on track to become the worlds biggest economy. . American economic dominance depends on putting aside this challenge.
Part of the political expression of this is a more aggressive foreign policy.
Pressure is being put on Europe for the continent to deliver itself as a better destination for United States investment. But it is China that the principal focus is on, simply because of its spectacular growth over the period where most of the world has been slowing down.
Furthermore, China holds 3.4 trillion worth of US dollar reserves. Far more than any other country. This is roughly a third of the total. It gives china a lot of leverage. A sudden release of these reserves would cause an economic tsunami.
Vulnerability lies behind the growing aggressiveness of Washington. Hence the political and trade disputes. All is designed to force concessions and penetrate the Chinese economy. China won't comply and this increases the tension.
What has this got to do with Australia? A great deal. Major shareholders in the United States have a major stake in the Australian economy and wield political influence through this, their connections, and political funding.
Australia is drawn into a geopolitical game, contrary to Australia's interests, and serving to champion Washington and the big money behind it.
This means getting drawn into global trade arrangement do not suit Australia. It means getting involved in wars that bring death, misery, and destruction to other nations.
Washington's economic and military policies include the goal of shifting the cost of its geopolitics to other nations. Some of this is being passe on to Australia, and is part of what got us locked into the AUKUS submarine deal.
Australia is made a leading cheer leader for Washington, at the cost of international reputation. Almost every country in Asia and the Pacific region is against AUKUS as an echo of English speaking Western colonial arrogance, racism, and gunboat diplomacy. Australia is seen to play the local puppet for old colonial masters.
AUKUS is incredibly clumsy and stupid. No wonder most of the 200 nations on this planet don't like it. There is no support from the United Nations or from any major group of nations.
Cartoon by John Shakespeare
The idea that the United States is giving Australia 200 nuclear submarines is laughable. Billions of dollars will have to be handed over for the privilege of paying a portion of another nation's military cost. The United States will still be effectively in command of the submarines. Australia will expand as a military base for the American war machine. The cost to the taxpayer will continue to rise as more hardware and personnel are stationed here.
Australia gets to be a more dangerous place or the privilage.
Scott Morrison's government is embarrassingly the loudest promoter of the anti-China hysteria. Australia's trading position is damaged. Meanwhile, Washington comes in through the back door, to replace – from barley to beef – Australia's trade with China. Some friend.
Even worse is that engagement in a trade war against China, joining AUKUS, and other measures, fans tensions, risks the proliferation of nuclear weapons, and edges us closer to a potential war.
Australia is too insignificant to be part of the Quad group, another of Washington's initiatives, involving the United Kingdom, Japan, and India. Quad aims to counter China's growing diplomatic and trading relationship with the world. Like AUKUS, it lacks international support and has little prospect of succeeding
Washington is targeting China's Belt and Road Initiative with a package of its own. Belt and Road currently involves 130 countries building trading relationships and transport infrastructure. A massive $US26 trillion has been committed to finance this till 2030. The worst part of this, from Washington's point of view, is that Belt and Road bypasses the need to rely international financial institutions dominated by American banks. a
A large part of the global economy could free itself from a global financial system that had functions to create debt, cover the the loss of the rate of return on American investment.
Rising aggression and efforts to impose the costs of its economic problems on others is causing a growing isolation of the United States. The world is moving in a different direction. Those few nations most closely tying themselves to its coattails. as Australia is doing for now, are on the wrong side of history, isolating and damaging themselves
Is ostracism from the world community in Australia's interests? Is the possibility of being dragged into a war in the service of an empire the way to go?
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The effect of serum origin on tissue engineered skeletal muscle function
Alastair Khodabukus, Keith Baar
Physiology and Membrane Biology
Skeletal muscle phenotype is regulated by a complex interaction between genetic, hormonal, and electrical inputs. However, because of the interrelatedness of these factors in vivo it is difficult to determine the importance of one over the other. Over the last 5 years, we have engineered skeletal muscles in the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) using the same clone of C2C12 cells. Strikingly, the dynamics of contraction of the muscles was dramatically different. Therefore, in this study we sought to determine whether the hormonal milieu (source of fetal bovine serum (FBS)) could alter engineered muscle phenotype. In muscles engineered in serum of US origin time-to-peak tension (2.2-fold), half relaxation (2.6-fold), and fatigue resistance (improved 25%) all showed indications of a shift towards a slower phenotype. Even though there was a dramatic shift in the rate of contraction, myosin heavy chain expression was the same. The contraction speed was instead related to a shift in calcium release/sensitivity proteins (DHPR = 3.1-fold lower, slow CSQ = 3.4-fold higher, and slow TnT = 2.4-fold higher) and calcium uptake proteins (slow SERCA = 1.7-fold higher and parvalbumin = 41-fold lower). These shifts in calcium dynamics were accompanied by a partial shift in metabolic enzymes, but could not be explained by purported regulators of muscle phenotype. These data suggest that hormonal differences in serum of USDA and EU origin cause a shift in calcium handling resulting in a dramatic change in engineered muscle function. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 2198-2207, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.24938
Parvalbumins
Myosin Heavy Chains
MUSCLE PHENOTYPE
Khodabukus, A., & Baar, K. (2014). The effect of serum origin on tissue engineered skeletal muscle function. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 115(12), 2198-2207. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.24938
The effect of serum origin on tissue engineered skeletal muscle function. / Khodabukus, Alastair; Baar, Keith.
In: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, Vol. 115, No. 12, 01.12.2014, p. 2198-2207.
Khodabukus, A & Baar, K 2014, 'The effect of serum origin on tissue engineered skeletal muscle function', Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, vol. 115, no. 12, pp. 2198-2207. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.24938
Khodabukus A, Baar K. The effect of serum origin on tissue engineered skeletal muscle function. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 2014 Dec 1;115(12):2198-2207. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.24938
Khodabukus, Alastair ; Baar, Keith. / The effect of serum origin on tissue engineered skeletal muscle function. In: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 2014 ; Vol. 115, No. 12. pp. 2198-2207.
@article{87c91b18d0284b418f45a418720aa0d5,
title = "The effect of serum origin on tissue engineered skeletal muscle function",
abstract = "Skeletal muscle phenotype is regulated by a complex interaction between genetic, hormonal, and electrical inputs. However, because of the interrelatedness of these factors in vivo it is difficult to determine the importance of one over the other. Over the last 5 years, we have engineered skeletal muscles in the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) using the same clone of C2C12 cells. Strikingly, the dynamics of contraction of the muscles was dramatically different. Therefore, in this study we sought to determine whether the hormonal milieu (source of fetal bovine serum (FBS)) could alter engineered muscle phenotype. In muscles engineered in serum of US origin time-to-peak tension (2.2-fold), half relaxation (2.6-fold), and fatigue resistance (improved 25{\%}) all showed indications of a shift towards a slower phenotype. Even though there was a dramatic shift in the rate of contraction, myosin heavy chain expression was the same. The contraction speed was instead related to a shift in calcium release/sensitivity proteins (DHPR = 3.1-fold lower, slow CSQ = 3.4-fold higher, and slow TnT = 2.4-fold higher) and calcium uptake proteins (slow SERCA = 1.7-fold higher and parvalbumin = 41-fold lower). These shifts in calcium dynamics were accompanied by a partial shift in metabolic enzymes, but could not be explained by purported regulators of muscle phenotype. These data suggest that hormonal differences in serum of USDA and EU origin cause a shift in calcium handling resulting in a dramatic change in engineered muscle function. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 2198-2207, 2014.",
keywords = "EXERCISE, METABOLISM, MUSCLE PHENOTYPE",
author = "Alastair Khodabukus and Keith Baar",
doi = "10.1002/jcb.24938",
T1 - The effect of serum origin on tissue engineered skeletal muscle function
AU - Khodabukus, Alastair
AU - Baar, Keith
N2 - Skeletal muscle phenotype is regulated by a complex interaction between genetic, hormonal, and electrical inputs. However, because of the interrelatedness of these factors in vivo it is difficult to determine the importance of one over the other. Over the last 5 years, we have engineered skeletal muscles in the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) using the same clone of C2C12 cells. Strikingly, the dynamics of contraction of the muscles was dramatically different. Therefore, in this study we sought to determine whether the hormonal milieu (source of fetal bovine serum (FBS)) could alter engineered muscle phenotype. In muscles engineered in serum of US origin time-to-peak tension (2.2-fold), half relaxation (2.6-fold), and fatigue resistance (improved 25%) all showed indications of a shift towards a slower phenotype. Even though there was a dramatic shift in the rate of contraction, myosin heavy chain expression was the same. The contraction speed was instead related to a shift in calcium release/sensitivity proteins (DHPR = 3.1-fold lower, slow CSQ = 3.4-fold higher, and slow TnT = 2.4-fold higher) and calcium uptake proteins (slow SERCA = 1.7-fold higher and parvalbumin = 41-fold lower). These shifts in calcium dynamics were accompanied by a partial shift in metabolic enzymes, but could not be explained by purported regulators of muscle phenotype. These data suggest that hormonal differences in serum of USDA and EU origin cause a shift in calcium handling resulting in a dramatic change in engineered muscle function. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 2198-2207, 2014.
AB - Skeletal muscle phenotype is regulated by a complex interaction between genetic, hormonal, and electrical inputs. However, because of the interrelatedness of these factors in vivo it is difficult to determine the importance of one over the other. Over the last 5 years, we have engineered skeletal muscles in the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) using the same clone of C2C12 cells. Strikingly, the dynamics of contraction of the muscles was dramatically different. Therefore, in this study we sought to determine whether the hormonal milieu (source of fetal bovine serum (FBS)) could alter engineered muscle phenotype. In muscles engineered in serum of US origin time-to-peak tension (2.2-fold), half relaxation (2.6-fold), and fatigue resistance (improved 25%) all showed indications of a shift towards a slower phenotype. Even though there was a dramatic shift in the rate of contraction, myosin heavy chain expression was the same. The contraction speed was instead related to a shift in calcium release/sensitivity proteins (DHPR = 3.1-fold lower, slow CSQ = 3.4-fold higher, and slow TnT = 2.4-fold higher) and calcium uptake proteins (slow SERCA = 1.7-fold higher and parvalbumin = 41-fold lower). These shifts in calcium dynamics were accompanied by a partial shift in metabolic enzymes, but could not be explained by purported regulators of muscle phenotype. These data suggest that hormonal differences in serum of USDA and EU origin cause a shift in calcium handling resulting in a dramatic change in engineered muscle function. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 2198-2207, 2014.
KW - EXERCISE
KW - METABOLISM
KW - MUSCLE PHENOTYPE
U2 - 10.1002/jcb.24938
DO - 10.1002/jcb.24938
10.1002/jcb.24938


Triskele Collaborative educates and supports people to understand, design and create their own definition of whole ecosystem health inside their workplace.
Triskele Collaborative began with "why."
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text:
David Mac Dougall
Former Contributor|Lifestyle Old
I'm a Helsinki-based journalist and broadcaster writing about lifestyle, arts, food, leisure and travel trends across the Nordic region for Forbes. I used to be a conflict zone journalist, now I'm a comfort zone journalist. I was based in...
I'm a Helsinki-based journalist and broadcaster writing about lifestyle, arts, food, leisure and travel trends across the Nordic region for Forbes. I used to be a conflict zone journalist, now I'm a comfort zone journalist. I was based in Iraq for almost 6 years as a Fox News correspondent; and then spent two years in Islamabad with The Associated Press heading up video news-gathering in Afghanistan & Pakistan. I moved to Finland in spring 2011 in a new AP role, covering the Nordic & Baltic region. In my career I've been lucky enough to report from locations as diverse as the Arctic Circle and Cape Town; from Tokyo to Venezuela; and across the Nordics from Akureyri to the Åland Islands and many points in between. I've freelanced for BBC Scotland, Sky News, NPR, Radio New Zealand and Finland's MTV News. Follow me on Twitter @davidmacdougall
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text:
Paris UN Climate Conference 2015: Australia backs target of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees
By Peter Hannam and Tom Arup
Updated December 6, 2015 — 3.07am first published December 5, 2015 — 10.25am
What we learnt at the first week of Paris talks
Australia will support the inclusion of a goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees – the level demanded by low-lying countries most at risk from climate change – in a deal being negotiated in Paris in return for favourable carbon accounting rules.
The concession, extracted from Australia by the tiny Caribbean island nation of St Lucia and South Africa, followed lengthy negotiations in Paris aimed at resolving differences over how to treat carbon dioxide emissions.
A failure to remove that obstacle would have been embarrassing for the government after Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull had declared to world leaders on Monday in Paris that Australia would ratify the second stage of the Kyoto Protocol even though accounting rules had yet to be settled.
While Australia will back the 1.5 degree target being included, it does not mean it will introduce more aggressive climate change policies in line with this goal.
The Immersive exhibition featured at the climate change conference. Credit:Getty Images
St Lucia and South Africa objected to Australia's preferred definition of emissions to include changes in land use. The recognition of a reduction in land clearing since the 1990s allowed Australia to meet its target under the protocol even as emissions continued to grow from industrial and other sources.
Australia secured the backing of the two nations during talks with Environment Minister Greg Hunt this week but only after it gave ground on two key areas, James Fletcher, St Lucia's Minister for Sustainable Development, told Fairfax Media.
"In exchange, we said to the Australians, there was something that is sacrosanct for us as small island developing states and that is the 1.5 degree Celsius as a long-term temperature goal," Dr Fletcher said.
Australia will back the inclusion of the 1.5 degree target "not in the preamble statement, not in a very loose way, but in the purpose of the Paris agreement", he said.
The price of the part-time wind farm is three times it's estimated cost: Environment Minister Greg Hunt. Credit:Christopher Pearce
The accounting rules will also be made more transparent so that Australia's preferred definition to include deforestation in its emissions will be clear to all, Dr Fletcher said. The move should also set a precedent for whatever agreement emerges in Paris.
Mr Hunt said it was "a good outcome all round and a very good outcome for the conference".
James Fletcher, St Lucia's Minister for Sustainable Development, says the 1.5 degree long-term temperature goal is sacrosanct for small island developing states. Credit:Peter Hannam
Australia would work constructively to have 1.5 degrees referenced in the text, but could not guarantee what others would do.
"Our formal target remains 2 degrees, but as we did at the Pacific Islands Forum, we think it would be important to reference 1.5 degrees in the text," he said.
'Under the hood'
The result came at the end of the first week of the two-week summit. It was a "win-win" for the parties involved, Climate Institute deputy chief executive Erwin Jackson said.
"We get clarity on the rules the countries will use as transparency for the Kyoto targets, and – assuming Australia acts in good faith – it puts us in a position to build trust with the most vulnerable which will be critical to get an effective outcome in Paris," he said.
The prospect of dual accounting definitions means "countries will be able to look under the hood of what Australia is doing and clearly judge whether the target is Ferrari or a Morris Minor", Mr Jackson said.
Dr Fletcher said Mr Hunt had identified the accounting issue as "standing in the way" of ratification of the second stage of the Kyoto Protocol. Ratification would allow Australia to take advantage of surplus carbon credits from the first phase of the treaty while also permitting it to buy cheap international credits if it fails to meet its goal of cutting 2000-level emissions 5 per cent by 2020.
Without the deforestation credits, Australia's emissions from industry and households and other sources are on course to rise about 10 per cent on 2000 levels by the decade's end.
Taking stock of 1.5 degrees
Australia's backing could make a difference to whether the 1.5 degree goal ends up merely in the preamble of any Paris agreement or in the text itself.
If the latter occurs then any reviews and stocktakes of emissions targets under the Paris pact would have to use the 1.5 degree goal as one of its benchmark – not just the 2 degrees agreed at the Copenhagen summit in 2009.
The world has already warmed about 1 degree and the carbon emissions plans put forward by almost 200 nations attending the Paris talks would potentially lift temperatures by 2.7 degrees, or well above the level of global warming considered dangerous for climate change.
A negotiator for a small island nation said some developed countries were aiming for the 1.5 degree goal to be merely included in the preamble of any agreement – where it would instead be largely symbolic. But the negotiator said to get an accord in Paris it was increasingly recognised the 1.5 degree goal would have to be in the text because of the sheer number of countries backing it.
The negotiator went on to say India and Saudi Arabia were seeking to block recognition of 1.5 degrees, including consideration of a review of the goal carried out under the UN climate negotiations.
He said island states were now proposing that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) carry out a special report on the impacts of 1.5 degrees. But India and Saudi Arabia were again moving to block that proposal.
Mr Hunt, who met the new IPCC head Dr Hoesung Lee on Friday, said a review of the impact of 1.5 degrees by the top climate science body "would be constructive and we have also raised that with the IPCC as a potential area of study for them".
Support broadens
Germany and France have also expressed support for including the 1.5 degree target in the agreement during the week.
Speaking to the media on Friday the lead negotiator for the United States, Todd Stern, said his country heard the concerns of vulnerable nations and thought them legitimate, but had not landed anywhere yet on the 1.5 degree goal.
Elsewhere negotiators were preparing to work through the night to try to pare back a draft text for the Paris agreement in time for it to be handed over to the French organisers on Saturday.
However, there was wide recognition that the text would still be unwieldy when it was delivered to the French ahead of government ministers including Australia's Foreign Minister Julie Bishop, flying in for the second week of negotiations.
During the week tensions had emerged on the tough issues of climate funding for poor nations, after some industrialised countries pushed to try to expand the list of countries who would contribute financially to include the more advanced developing economies.
The European Union presented a compromised position on financing saying the rich nations would contribute a minimum of $US100 billion ($136 billion) a year from 2020 but if the donor base was expanded that number could rise.
The United States and Australia, which had been among the countries pushing hard in the negotiations to get language in place to expand the donor base, appeared to relent a little. It is understood Australia is watching to see how the European proposal lands.
Fairfax Media is a partner of the United Nations Foundation
Most Viewed in Environment


text:
In Order To Be Elite, Michigan Must Answer Three Questions
August 22, 2019 james-murphy 5 min read
August 22, 2019 James Murphy 5 min read
Photo Courtesy of USA Today
Do you hear that? That's the sound of another season of Michigan Wolverines football right around the corner. The maize and blue bring a lot to the table on both sides of the ball in 2019. Last year the offense made noticeable improvements thanks in large part to Shea Patterson, whose dual-threat skills added a new dimension the team desperately needed. Such skills were put in the spotlight when Patterson led Michigan back from a 17-0 deficit to beat Northwestern, the eventual Big Ten West division champions, on the road. Meanwhile the defense continued to shine under Don Brown, who continues to establish himself as arguably the best defensive coordinator in the country. However, as the season went on, cracks in the team began to show. The offense, while improved, was not modern enough to defeat the nation's best. The defense was unable to make the big plays against some of the better athletes in the nation. As a result, the Wolverines failed to even make the Big Ten title game or even win a New Year's Six bowl, leaving Michigan out of the College Football Playoff and Jim Harbaugh winless against Ohio State once again.
The team has seen some changes since the final whistle blew on the 2018 season. Top defensive players Rashan Gary, Devin Bush and Chase Winovich have all left for the NFL along with lead running back Karan Higdon. In their place, the Wolverines welcome an impressive recruiting class headlined by Daxton Hill, one of the best safeties and fastest overall players in his class. It also comes with defensive linemen Chris Hinton and Mazi Smith as well as running back Zach Charbonnet. Meanwhile, Jim Harbaugh and the coaching staff welcomed Josh Gattis, the former offensive coordinator and wide-receivers coach for the Alabama Crimson Tide, who finished the season with the third highest marks in points per game and total yards per game last year. His intellect is said to have rubbed off on players like QB Tua Tagovailoa and WR Jerry Jeudy, who go into the season as two of the top NFL prospects. Michigan's offense also returns Patterson along with the majority of the offensive line and receivers.
There's been real hype this offseason with hopes that 2019 may finally be the year Michigan becomes a national title contender. However, in order to truly achieve that goal, the team must answer three questions
Can the offense adapt to the modern game?
Gone are the days when physicality is the most important trait for a football player to have. In today's game, you need to be able to outrun the guys in front of you rather than ram them over. The Wolverines didn't seem to get the memo and instead trotted out an offense that resembled less of the spread offense used today and more like something out of 1989. You can beat middle-of-the pack teams with that but in no way can you knock off the nations best with that kind of strategy. Such a task falls mostly on the shoulders of Josh Gattis who, as the team's play-caller, must now maximize the talent of Shea Patterson as well as receivers, Nico Collins, Tarik Black and Donovan Peoples-Jones. He's shown that he's capable of doing so. Now it's just a matter of execution. Perhaps his new motto will get things going.
https://twitter.com/Coach_Gattis/status/1084562678251749376
Can the defense hang with an elite spread offense?
The previous motto regarding physicality also ring true for the defense, which has preached physicality like the Ten Commandments under Don Brown. Unfortunately, more games are defined by who can outrun who rather than who can pummel who. Brown can certainly implement this strategy if he puts his mind to it, but the real question is whether or not his players can keep up. Last year's game against Ohio State was a prime example, as Michigan's cornerbacks and safeties were out ran time and time again by Buckeye receivers. When they weren't getting torched, they were drawing endless pass interference calls, and it wasn't a result of bad officiating. In total it resulted in 567 yards for the scarlet and gray in a rout that will not be forgotten anytime soon. Daxton Hill could be an example of what they need. Hill not only has elite coverage skills, but also has the speed to prevent big plays and cover a lot of ground with his speed. An approach like this could go a long way for the Wolverines. Just ask his high school teammates.
⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ safety Daxton Hill ➡Michigan 〽
Congratulations, @daxhill5! #GoBlue #NSD19 pic.twitter.com/aMUM1YBhhn
— Hudl (@Hudl) December 19, 2018
Who wants it more?
Beyond Michigan's flaws on the field, there exists a stereotype that northern college football teams don't have the same drive as southern teams. Most of the nation's top schools come from south of the Mason Dixon line and the teams north of that who do well use that same approach (a la Ohio State) as the southern schools like Alabama, Clemson and Oklahoma. In order for Michigan to be elite, they need to have the same drive that seems to be shared by the country's elite southern schools. That means putting in those extra hours, fighting for that extra yard and pushing to hold the line of scrimmage for that extra inch, almost with a sense of desperation. It's especially important for Jim Harbaugh to be able to answer this question. Though Michigan has improved drastically since he became head coach, he hasn't been able to win the games that decide postseason fates, especially when it comes to his rival down south. Before every game, Michigan needs to establish that they're the ones who want it more, no matter who's on the opposite sideline.
If the Wolverines can answer these questions favorably, they'll be nothing short of world beaters. However, we won't be able to get a true glimpse of those answers until August 31, when Michigan hosts Middle Tennessee State on opening night.
Big Ten Football College Football Playoff Don Brown Jim Harbaugh Josh Gattis Michigan Wolverines NCAA Football SpeedInSpace
College Football Preview: ACC Atlantic
College Football Preview: ACC Coastal
James Murphy
Lover of sports with a knack for writing. Mets, Jets, Michigan, St. John's, & Chelsea FC.


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Sarahlyn Bruck, 46, is the author Designer You, her first book, which was published last month.
Two years. I know exactly when because my husband inadvertently inspired the opening: he built a roof deck on our house and I was terrified he'd fall off. My writer brain immediately perked up and thought, I should write about this fear, so I did!
We are a dual-income household, pretty evenly split. I teach writing and literature full-time at a community college and also coach writers very part time. I'm so lucky, because my schedule is flexible enough to allow me time to write.
I've started Orly Konig's Carousel House. It's been living on my Kindle for a couple of months now and I'm excited to finally have the time to read and enjoy it. I'm also reading The Turner House by Angela Flournoy for book club. Seems like I always have multiple books going at the same time.
I love this question! And it's a hard question. I can't say I ever wanted to quit, but there were (are) times when I'm frustrated by my own failures of patience, of discipline, of time. I pride myself on staying organized and on top of my schedule, but when it things go sideways, I don't always handle it very well. And that makes me want to retreat. In those moments, I think about my long-term goals and how a temporary setback can't get in my way.
I'm really fortunate to have such a supportive network of family and friends. My mom, brothers, husband, and daughter in particular are my cheerleaders and biggest fans and believe in me and my work. It's empowering and keeps me focused on the big picture: a long-term career combined with a rich personal life.


text:
Q: (node:30437) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Error: Callback function is not available with promise clients My code
          connection.promise().query(sql, crit, (error) => {
            if (error) throw error;
            console.log(chalk.cyan.bold(`====================================================================================`));
            console.log(chalk.greenBright(`Role successfully created!`));
            console.log(chalk.cyan.bold(`====================================================================================`));
            viewAllRoles();
          });

(node:30437) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Error: Callback function is not available with promise clients.
at PromiseConnection.query (/Users/rachelmcgrath/Desktop/projects/employeeDatabase/node_modules/mysql2/promise.js:94:13)
at viewAllEmployees (/Users/rachelmcgrath/Desktop/projects/employeeDatabase/server.js:122:24)
at /Users/rachelmcgrath/Desktop/projects/employeeDatabase/server.js:51:9
at processTicksAndRejections (internal/process/task_queues.js:95:5)
(Use node --trace-warnings ... to show where the warning was created)
(node:30437) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Unhandled promise rejection. This error originated either by throwing inside of an async function without a catch block, or by rejecting a promise which was not handled with .catch(). To terminate the node process on unhandled promise rejection, use the CLI flag --unhandled-rejections=strict (see https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#cli_unhandled_rejections_mode). (rejection id: 1)
(node:30437) [DEP0018] DeprecationWarning: Unhandled promise rejections are deprecated. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will terminate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit code.

A: When you select "View All Employees," this is the line that is running that is subsequently throwing an error message. In this case, this is because there are two ways that you can execute a query - either by using an inline callback, which is passed in as an argument, or by using a promise, which is returned by the query function call; however, they cannot both be used at the same time, which is what the snippet above is trying to do and is why an error is getting thrown.
In other words, let's look at the two methods. First, we'll take a look at the inline callback. In this method, we use the connection variable (without .promise()) and then call query with two arguments: the first that is our SQL statement to execute, and the second is an anonymous function that has to parameters - one for if an error is thrown and the other for a successful response, as well as the data that was sent back from MySQL. The anonymous function will serve as our callback once MySQL data finished retrieving the data. This method can be written similar to the following:
Method 1: Query w/ inline callback
connection.query(sql, (error, response) => {
    if (error) throw error;
    console.log("Response: ", response);
});

Now, with that said, instead of using connection.query(), we can wrap connection.promise(), which will return a PromiseConnection class instance, and then we can use its query() method, which will then return a Promise. In this case, since we are using a Node promise, when we execute query(), there is only one argument that we need to supply: the SQL statement that we wish to run. From there, we can then use .then or .catch to either process a successful return or an error, respectively. This method can be written similar to the following:
Method 2: Query w/ promise-based callback
    .then(([ rows ]) => {
        console.log("Response: ", rows);
    })
    .catch(error => {
        throw error;
    });

A: The problem is that when using the promise.() method on your .query() you have to use a .then() after your sql query instead of a callback function. (A callback function being a function that is passed in as an argument to another function)
The way you have your code written right now includes a call back because of the function passed in as the third argument of the query
`
connection.promise().query(sql, crit, (error) => {
            if (error) throw error;
            console.log(chalk.cyan.bold(`====================================================================================`));
            console.log(chalk.greenBright(`Role successfully created!`));
            console.log(chalk.cyan.bold(`====================================================================================`));
            viewAllRoles();
          });

`
but can be switched to the following (or something like it) to avoid having the callback and thus be able to use .promise()
`
connection.promise().query(sql, crit)
        .then((data) => {
        //function goes in here
        }).catch(err)

`

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


【New Version】 This PULUZ improved new version housing case can support HDMI and Type-C USB ports. It can be connected with the official Microphone adapter and you can charge the camera.
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I am an Engineer - Non IT with a Bachelor's degree currently working in Private sector. I belong to an Upper middle class, Joint family with moderate values.I have worked in Gulf countries for 10 years. son settled in MNC job.
I am a Project Professional with a Masters degree in Management. Currently working as Project Manager in a diversified company and I am preparing to be an Agripreneur. I come from a Middle class, Nuclear family background with Moderate values. It will be worth considering me if you are looking forward to lead a fulfilling life. Will be happy and support my Partners Entrepreneural and service oriented pursuits. All the best for your pursuits.
I am his uncle (sister's Husband) is drafting this profile. Vandavasi, thiruvannamalai DT, is his native place and His parents are staying there in decent own house. He is working in SUNDARAM FINANCE LTD (TVS GROUP)for more than 15 year as Driver for Br. Manger with decent pay. earlier, He was at chenni and now he is in pondichery Br. for time being. He will be moved to kancheepurm shortly. he is jovial and nice characteristic person.His father was retired from the same company, where he(bridegroom) is in employment. His elder brother is the reason for the delay. He is in little immaturity state & lake of earning ability. his future is unsettled till now. As he wish to get marry after his brother future get secured, Otherwise nothing specific as ordinary human being think. even now, this initiative is based on my advise.
This profile is for my brother. He started a business in Tiruvannamalai, after completing his bachelor's degree. We belong to an upper middle class, joint family with traditional values.
urgent status.mathing same casste or other.life patner is educated.
My friend is successfully self-employed. My friend lives in a nuclear family with traditional values. My friend resides in Tiruvannamalai. My friend belongs to the Pillai caste and is looking for a match from other communities also.
I am a businessperson with a Bachelor's degree currently living in Vandavasi. I come from an upper middle class, joint family background with traditional values.i amnice persan helping persan People describe me as family oriented, friendly, smart and soft-spoken. My hobbies and interests are cooking.
I am a Manager with a Bachelor's degree currently working in Private sector in Tiruvannamalai. I come from a Rich, Joint family background with Traditional values.
I am employed in government Sector as a banking service professional with a Bachelor's degree. I currently live in Tiruvannamalai. I belong to an upper middle class, nuclear family with orthodox values.


Canara Bank is conducting exam to recruit eligible candidates for the post of PO Junior Management Grade Scale – I. English is scoring subject, if you are good at English Grammar and Language. However, if you are not, then read this article to prepare yourself for English Language with some easy and smart tricks.
There are three main topics in this section, they are Reading Comprehension, Vocabulary and Grammar. To solve this section easily focus on these sections to score maximum marks and secure a place with Canara Bank PO.
Brush-up your English Grammar rules first and then proceed to practice questions from this section. Furthermore, attempt questions based on Error Spotting, Active and Passive Voice, Direct and Indirect Speech, etc.
Read as much as possible to improve your vocabulary. Choose newspapers, books, for reading and practicing. Note down new words and find their meaning.
Memorize these new words and learn the context in which they are used.
Develop reading habit to easily comprehend the passage and attempt questions from the passage.
Regularly practice and read as much as possible. This will elevate your English preparation and score more marks.
This part checks your ability to comprehend and analyze the given information based on Grammar, Vocabulary, and writing ability.
Practice more to read with speed and accuracy. This will help you solve all the questions within time.
Solve difficult questions that are confusing and have inference based answers. Such questions prepare you well for the actual exam.
Practice time management to attempt all the questions.
Regularly attempt mock test and solve previous year papers to get familiar with all types of questions.
To practice topics like Parts of Speech, Prepositions, Sentence Construction, Adverbs, Common Errors, etc.
Focus on Parts of Speech, as they will help you in structuring a sentence properly.
Also practice using sentence diagrams for memorizing grammar structure and sentence.
Practice English speaking the way you write. This will help you figure out English grammar error.
Increase your vocabulary by reading as much as possible.
Practice whenever you are free, while travelling or sitting idle. You need to note down every new word you come across and memorize the meaning and spelling of these words.
Make use of Flashcards, as they are fun way of learning and improving your vocabulary.
Regularly attempt quiz and evaluate your preparation level.
This section include topics from Para Jumbles.
This section checks your verbal ability.
To solve this section you need to come up with your own set of technique that suits you the most.
Practice to build strong vocabulary, this will make solving the other section with ease and speed.
Spot the theme of the jumble and understand the main context of the question to solve verbal ability questions.
Attempt mock test solve as many quizzes as possible to analyze your preparation.
We hope that this article helped you to align your preparation for English section and score maximum marks.


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Montana joins Utah in suit against asbestos trusts
March 27, 2017 By cmsadmin
Montana Attorney General Tim Fox
By Martin Kidston/Missoula Current
The Montana attorney general has joined 12 other states in filing a civil suit against four of the nation's largest asbestos bankruptcy trusts over allegations they're bilking the system and failing to reimburse states for Medicaid and Medicare expenses.
The suit, first filed by the attorney general of Utah, claims that more than 60 companies have established trusts, including the manufacturers of asbestos-containing products. Since 2008, the trusts have paid out $17 billion, according to the suit.
The trusts are overseen by Trust Advisory Committees, though the suit contends they represent a handful of prominent firms and have "outsized power over the billions of dollars in the trust system."
"They represent a large proportion of current asbestos claimants, and so vote on their behalf in approving the governing documents," the suit alleges. "Thus, the evidentiary requirements for claims – such as the claimants' work history and proof of exposure – are primarily controlled by the same attorneys who collect contingency fees on millions of dollars of claims paid from the trust each year."
Filed in District Court in Salt Lake City, the suit names Armstrong World Industries, Babcock and Wilcox, DII Industries, and Owens Corning/Fiberboard as defendants. All four operate as asbestos injury trusts.
The attorneys general in 13 states, including Tim Fox of Montana, expressed concern over potential abuse of the asbestos trusts, suggesting their attorneys are using the trusts to obtain monetary recovery for claims that fail to meet legal justification.
"The abuse injures our states by improperly draining the trust assets, precluding future legitimate claimants from relying on the trust, and leaving states with the high cost associated with asbestos-related disease," reads a letter signed by Fox.
The suit also contends that the trusts' lack of oversight raises questions as to whether their claimants' attorneys are reimbursing state Medicaid and Medicare systems after the trust pays the claim.
"As chief legal officers for our respective states, we are concerned about potential abuse of the asbestos trusts," the letter says. "There are questions surrounding the Medicaid Secondary Payer statute and whether the trust handlers are ensuring that medical assistance programs are being reimbursed for payments made from the trust."
In 2011, a Montana judge approved a $43 million settlement for more than 1,000 asbestos victims who said state officials knew that dust from a mine was killing people but failed to intervene.
Also last month, victims of asbestos-related disease reached a $25 million settlement over claims that Montana health officials failed to warn miners in Libby about the hazards of vermiculite mining.
The states behind the suit cite the case of Garlock Sealing Technologies, a North Carolina company that convinced a judge to probe into the practices of asbestos attorneys.
The company had uncovered evidence that asbestos attorneys engineered claims to recover money from trusts before filing lawsuits, often claiming work histories that conflicted with documents they filed with the trusts.
"The trusts have failed to give Medicaid payments when paying settlements that include the same medical expenses, as federal law requires," said Kristen Ricciardelli with the Asbestos Double Victims Workgroup. "The AGs involved filed a civil suit to force discovery in Utah this month against several trusts after they failed to comply with a demand letter sent in December."
The Montana Attorney General's Office couldn't immediately be reached for comment.


***Although you cannot tell from th e picture this definitely in the qualification as a glitter and glam dress.
It has silver satin straps at the top of the dress.
It has purple, pink and silver glitter for the majority of the dress.
The bottom of it is in pink satin.
Handmade Barbie cotton, and satin outfit is just adorable.
*These beautiful handmade Barbie clothes comes from a smoke free and pet free home.


Here's my story. I started writing songs when I was in college. I was a kid then, and did things for the sake of doing them - everything was an open door. Almost all of the songs I wrote then reflect that.
I graduated and stumbled around the country, living in some pretty interesting areas including hermit-like in the forests of the Santa Cruz Mountains and grizzly-like in the rough hills of Jackson, Wyoming. The songs I wrote during that time differed from the songs I wrote in college in the sense that I was no longer a meek adolescent but part of "the world" - reality had changed from a sweet-sounding violin to, at times, a screaming siren (in my ear). The songs I wrote during that time illustrate my change.
After my time in Jackson, I got serious and decided not to let life be something that was "beyond" me but stand up and try to live in a way that reflected what I thought to be true. I've recently started writing songs in the sense that they're not songs I need to write but songs I choose to write.
Poppy Fields and Pearls denotes a good place; a safehaven amongst troubled seas. Like Dead Reckoning, the songs are a collection taken from the ones I wrote while movin� round the U.S. and ones taken while idle in L.A. Poppy Fields and Pearls varies in tone and theme from the rambunctious, to the melancholic, from the angst-ridden, to the hopeful. The album has many faces, and I hope that those who listen will be able to relate to at least some of them. Thanks for your ears.


Learn to sweep pick a ii-V-I progression in this exercise using the tritone substitution to play faster.
This exercise uses three chords based on the A form (rooted on the 5th string). In the key of C, start with Cmaj7. Play it for two bars. Then play the Dm7 (2 frets up). Last, play the tritone substitution (D♭7) for the V chord, which is normally G7.
The tritone substitution works here because it moves down one fret from the ii or up one from the I. This allows you to use the same chord form with minimal movement! In other words, it helps you play fast and work on your technique.
Tritone substitutions work because the color tones (the 3rd and 7th) are the same as the chord you substitute for them. Additionally, the root and fifth are a semitone from the root and fifth of both the I and ii chord.
I listed the chord tones below. Notice how the 3rd and 7th for the tritone substitution are the same as the normal V chord. In this case, we substitute D♭7 for G7. Let's look at the chord tones.
The following example was written, notated, and played by the talented James Coulthard. The hammer-ons and pull-offs make this a little harder, but maintain the triplet feel. Don't forget to mute each note after you play it. Usually, this is done by "rolling" your fretting hand as you play.


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What you don't know about Ms. Virginia
by Darlene Cavalier | Jul 9, 2011 | Blog, Interviews
Next week, Laura Eilers, AKA Ms. Virginia , will compete for the title of Ms. United States. The Science Cheerleaders–current and former NFL and NBA cheerleaders pursuing science and engineering careers–are very fortunate to have Laura as our extremely...
Meet Ginger: Former K.C. Chiefs Cheerleader, Big Fan of Microbiology
by Darlene Cavalier | Apr 23, 2010 | Advanced Degrees, Biology, General - Science, Health and Medicine, Kansas City Chiefs, Master's, Science Education, STEM Field, The Science Cheerleaders
In our ongoing effort to playfully challenge stereotypes by showcasing professional cheerleaders-turned-scientists, I'd like to introduce you to Ginger, a former Kansas City Chiefs cheerleader with a Masters Degree in Nursing. SciCheer: Ginger, please tell us...


With the combination of imaging and scanning data, all visual information is brought to reality. The Leica Pegasus:Two and reality capture solutions marry traditional surveying technology, such as positioning systems, laser scanning and radar imagining, into one convenient and easy-to-use platform. A complete and fluid workflow follows reality capture of calibration, post-processing, object extraction and GIS storage.
Enabling the engineers to work with the most accurate and current representation available, the open tracks were presented in 2D and 3D display for maximum manipulation capability. In the rail industry, working with highly realistic models translates into safer design, faster production and reduced costs.


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Home > Television > In-depth > David Heathcote
The Diary of David Heathcote (7)
AUTHOR: David Heathcote
22 October 2016 tbs.pm/9951
MORE: [Part 1] [Part 2] [Part 3] [Part 4] [Part 5] [Part 6] [Part 7] [Part 8] [Part 9] [Part 10] [Part 11] [Part 12] [Part 13] [Part 14] [Part 15]
One of the best features of WHAM Radio was its advertising. This was a try-out, to see how Hucknall would take to its own commercial radio station, so there was no question of employing an advertising agency. But there was no need. It turned out that, in the Jenner brothers, there was a unique blend of talents.
Steve was an English teacher, so was adept at writing advertising copy; Paul, as a DJ on the road, was remarkably gifted at selling – he could judge the mood of a potential advertiser and tailor a package for her or him at the blink of an eye.
Several adverts still stick in my memory two decades later.
Imagine the audio scenario where a young male is being thrashed in what is evidently a sado-masochistic ritual. The sound of the "whip" and the shrieks of "protest" are riveting. The advert is for a local wood yard! The voice-over delivers the punch-line: "[Wood yard's name] prices cannot be beaten, unlike Jason… who LOVES it!" It was all done, to coin a phrase, "in the best possible taste" and listeners chuckled each time the advert was run. Twenty years on, I doubt that a message would be tolerated on air for an instant.
The owner of the local DIY store, it turned out, had been in commercial radio sales himself before moving to Hucknall and setting up shop. He understood the power of a good jingle and commissioned the recording of professional artists singing "Hucknall Home Improvement Centre" in a variety of arrangements and keys. Everyone who listened to the station could sing the jingles then, and I bet if I took a tape recorder out onto Hucknall Market Place the tunes would still be recognised today.
From the playlist that Paul and Steve drew up, the presenters had some choice over what they played and when, but there were certain tracks that were perfect to be played after News Out and others that just begged to be played before News In. One such track was Oasis' "Don't Look Back In Anger". For me, it epitomised the latter half of the 1990s. But it would often be playing as I took my seat in front of mike B, checked my script, cleared my throat and prepared my opening line: "The LOCAL news from W-H-A-M: I'm David Heathcote." To this day, if that song comes on the radio, I still feel butterflies in my stomach. Good times.
In 1996, before Google arrived, I knew that the internet was A Good Thing. I surfed, and discovered we were not the first radio station to call itself WHAM.
There was another WHAM, on the shores of Lake Ontario, in Rochester, NY. At that time, it was a music station, commercial of course. Well, I thought, if towns can twin – why not radio stations? So, before we went on air, I fired off a letter to them, asking if they could send me some of their WHAM jingles and other audio material!
To my delight, and I think everyone else's amazement, a DJ at WHAM responded generously and mailed me a cassette with a WHAM sung jingle and a number of "You're listening to David Heathcote on WHAM Hucknall" announcements delivered in a rich American accent!
On a roll, I then discovered there was a chew bar called WHAM made in the UK. Another letter, begging this time for free sweets. Again, to my surprise, the makers sent me a couple of boxes, 100 chew bars in total. They made excellent little prizes for school children who entered our on-air competitions.
My family's reaction to my on-air work on WHAM perplexed me. The logical announcement at the front end of my bulletins began: "The LOCAL news from W-H-A-M…" "Local" needed to be emphasised, because that's what we were – indeed, it was our only reason for existing. But my wife and two children fell about with laughter at the way I said "local", and I was the target of impersonations and parody over the meal table.
To me, as a news journalist, even on a tiny station like WHAM, I felt I had an important job to do, and I'd expected my family to support me. It was not to be. However, such satire kept me "grounded": I would never be allowed to get ideas above my (radio) station.
But what was to be the future of WHAM in Hucknall? It had undoubtedly been a success in terms of audience. Whether the station had turned a profit was a matter between Paul and Steve, but they were definitely up for another licence application. The terms of the Radio Authority RSL licence were that we could broadcast for 28 days, but then could not apply for another licence for 4 months – this was to give other groups a chance of getting on air.
No other group made an application, but when the brothers approached the Radio Authority 4 months later they found there was no frequency available for us until the following year. We would miss the period just before Christmas in 1996, a lucrative time to be on air.
Nevertheless, in the Spring of 1997 we were back! And, in total, WHAM took to the airwaves four times. All this was to prove to the Radio Authority that the Jenner brothers, and the team they had assembled, were a credible broadcast unit. But we also needed to show that the success in Hucknall was not unique: we could use our talents in other areas. So, over the following years, sometimes more than once, we broadcast Fair FM (celebrating the annual Ilkeston Fair), Moor Green Show FM (from the annual show ground just outside Hucknall), and Newark FM (from a workman's hut in Newark Cemetery!)
In my last teaching job, I was Deputy Head in a Church of England school, and therefore had experience of delivering Christian school assemblies. (In fact, I'd lost my faith, but still had enough knowledge of religion to retain credibility.) With this in mind, while setting up the 4-week Newark FM broadcasts, I was invited to present the Sunday Morning show, with the expectation that I would deliver religiously-themed messages during the programmes. I had enough assembly material stashed away that this was not too much of a challenge.
Then Paul and Steve let it be known that the Radio Authority was accepting bids for full-time commercial stations in the East Midlands. Our time had come! The brothers judged we had earned ourselves sufficient credibility with all the RSLs we had done, so we could now make an application – not, as I had expected, for the Mansfield licence (Mansfield being just up the road from Hucknall), but for the Chesterfield one. Their reasoning was that there were already groups in Mansfield who would make a strong application, and we might not succeed. The brothers felt the field for the Chesterfield licence was more open.
In the coming months, Paul and Steve had two main objectives: to raise local awareness that we were making a bid for the commercial radio licence, and then to measure the degree of support that we had from Chesterfield people for that bid. The team was in a "whatever it takes" frame of mind, so I wasn't surprised that I was asked to put on a dinner jacket and be master of ceremonies for a personal appearance event at a Chesterfield night club. I think I used too strident a "teacher voice", because when I took over the microphone the entire night club audience was stunned to silence!
Later, I found myself outside Tesco Chesterfield, clipboard in hand, asking shoppers if they would welcome a local commercial radio station, and inviting them to suggest features the station should run. I'd previously worked for the agency that compiled RAJAR audience ratings, so I'd had some experience of how to sweet-talk the public into giving an opinion.
Which reminds me. As a field operative, collecting radio listening diaries, I knew how important it was to deliver and collect diaries from every household on my list: I couldn't pick and choose addresses, because then the selection would be biased. The closer I could get to a 100% return, the more money I would earn. Also, there was an extra bonus if I could get children's diaries filled in, because they were especially difficult to obtain. So it was, one dark November afternoon, that I knocked on a front door and was pleased to hear children's voices from within! The door was opened by a man dressed just in shorts, I showed my ID, launched into my scripted introduction, and was invited in to meet the family.
All of whom were stark naked! I had chanced upon a naturist household. The man had put on shorts only to answer the door.
I can tell you, trying to deliver an upbeat message about the importance of carefully filling in diaries is no easy task in the presence of so much genitalia. It would have made a perfect "Candid Camera" stunt.
A Transdiffusion Presentation
David Heathcote My website Contact More by me
#WHAM, #Wonderful Hucknall AM
Enter it below
The Diary of David Heathcote (15)


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Q: Error Modifying MOSS web part Whenever I try to edit the shared properties of my custom web part in sharepoint 2007, I get the following error:
Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation.
  at System.RuntimeMethodHandle._InvokeMethodFast(Object target, Object[] arguments, SignatureStruct& sig, MethodAttributes methodAttributes, RuntimeTypeHandle typeOwner)
  at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture, Boolean skipVisibilityChecks)
  at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture)
  at Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.ExtendedPropertyInfo.GetValue(Object target, Object[] indexValues)
  at Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.PropertySheetProperty.get_Value()
  at Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.PropertySheetProperty.get_IsNull()
  at Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.PropertySheetProperty..ctor(WebPart targetWebPart, SPWebPartManager webPartManager, PropertyInfo pi)
  at Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.PropertySheetProperties.GetProperties(WebPart targetWebPart, SPWebPartManager manager, Boolean inPersonalizationMode, IPropertySheetPropertiesFilter filter)
  at Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.CustomPropertyToolPart.CreatePropertyGrid()
  at Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.CustomPropertyToolPart.CreateChildControls()
  at System.Web.UI.Control.EnsureChildControls()
  at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal()
  at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal()
  at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal()
  at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal()
  at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal()
  at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal()
  at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal()
  at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint)

I do have some custom properties in my web part, which set the email addresses for notification emails that are generated by the form.  An example of this is:
    [WebBrowsable(true),
    Personalizable(true),
    DefaultValue("myemail@company.com"),
    Category("Email Properties"),
    Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.WebPartStorage(Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.Storage.Shared),
    Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.FriendlyName("Email Addresses (separate multiple emails with a comma):"),
    Description("Please enter the email addresses for those that should be notified when an incident takes place at a Corporate location.")]
    public string CorpMessageEmailAddresses { get; set; }

However, even with these properties commented out, I still get an error when trying to modify the web part.
Has anyone else ever dealt with an issue like this?  I can provide more information or code snippits, if needed.

A: Ok, I figured this out late last night...it was a typical MS exception hidden within an exception.  The exception shown was not the cause, but rather the last exception to occur.  The real exception was an issue having to do with my ViewState variables.  I put a try/catch around the get & set and now everything works well!
I didn't see your comments until this morning kbrimington...thanx for trying to help out!


Do have a small business or hobby that you would like to bring online? Just interested in contributing to the Internet? Learn the basics of how to create functioning websites using simple tools and other considerations of online publishing. You must have a currently-in-use email address which you can access during the class to attend.
Wednesday, October 30, 2013 at 3:06pm.