We know you are getting tired of writing for free. You keep hearing that there are people who are making money from their skill and you are wondering how and when it will be your turn to bill clients.
If most of the people who know you write do not see it as a serious profession or are not willing to pay for your services, today we are revealing our secrets and showing you where and how to find the clients that pay.
If our guess is right, you still have your day job, which is okay. Mention that you are writer to your colleagues so that they can inform you of any freelance opportunities. Talk to your previous colleagues. These people know you and trust you. Once there is an opportunity they will most likely remember you.
Don't live in a world of your own and complain that writing doesn't pay! It does. Talk to other writers. You never can tell, once they know you are available for work, they'd send you referrals from them.
Write useful articles you know your audience would love and submit to relevant websites. If you are targeting students look for where they visit often.
Potential clients can see these articles and find a way to reach you. You never can tell.
Email your existing clients to see if they can refer you to other businesses. If you have a great working relationship with them, they'll be glad to send others your way.
Co-working spaces give you tons of opportunities to meet other freelancers and business owners thankfully, there are a number of them around. Find them and use them.
Welcome to another #WriterSpotlight on The Sparkle Writer's Hub. Bankole Wright is a writer and editor and we are glad to feature him today. We hope you learn a thing or two from his interview.
Hello Bankole. Can you tell us a bit about yourself and what you do?
Hello. Ok I am Bankole Wright, a graduate of Lagos State University where I studied English, majored in Literature. I am a writer, a book editor and a growing academic. I have a deep passion for teaching and writing. I love talking literature and creative writing, I love the fact that I create stories, both those that exist and those that don't.
Writing started at age 14, then I used to write juvenile love poems which usually ended in dustbins. I wrote songs as well. I just wrote because that was where I found fulfillment and joy. Growing up, I became conscious of my ability to create stories, and the fulfillment I derived from writing. Then I took writing more seriously, I began to write poems for several poetry sites such as Poetrysoup. I also wrote stories and articles at naija stories. I wrote at Pulse Ng where I was a blogger, then I started writing for OYA magazine till now.
Writing makes me feel like a god, genius and immortal. I am a silent type, I talk oh, but not serious talk, so my writing speaks for me.
For me, my writing has really improved as a result of the frequent writing engagements I have had over time. They have pushed me to study deeply and I practice all I read to the letter.
I derive inspiration from everything around me, both tangible and intangible. I observe tinniest details.
(Smiles), concerning finance, writing rewards. You need to create a niche for yourself to the point that you alone will be preferred and patronized. As a writer, if you work hard, you will be richly rewarded.
What lessons have you learnt since you started managing Oya magazine?
Hard Work, oh I have really learnt hard work. Also I learnt commitment and dedication, loyalty and consistency. OYA magazine has really built me and is still building me.
My ultimate dream as a writer is to be an influential one whose works are reputable and internationally acknowledged.
(laughs). Writing is my life, retiring is like dying.
It's one thing to write and another to help others edit books, how did you upgrade your skill?
I simply schooled myself in it. I got books on editing, I studied and I practiced and then I started helping friends for free, with time I was getting paid.
Aside writing, I read. I love reading a lot, like a real lot. I read anything and everything. I actually have a boring life to some people, but believe me, this is the life I choose.
Any advice for other writers out there?
Writing isserious business and it is a venture of the intelligent and disciplined. Also, don't get caught up in trying to impress, just love what you do and do it with excellence.
You would agree with us that it is not easy to come up with great content and ideas for your blog. Every blogger wants to write fresh and creative posts. Besides, no reader wants to read stale and uninteresting articles. Here are eight blog post ideas that will make your blog sparkle.
The internet and different encyclopedias are full of facts, some of them really random. For example, "Did you know that the pink/red/white colour of flamingos comes from the food they eat?" You probably didn't.
All of these facts can be gathered in your own post to generate buzz. Besides you'd be providing them with information they may need later.
When you surf around Yahoo answers, you'll find many very popular topics and posts about the things people regret doing and not doing. Try to write down your own list. Who knows, you might get comments from people who have a shared background experience with the things you have regretted not doing.
Use your imagination and write a post about what will happen if you going to move to another country or travel the world after winning a billion dollars. People love to dream and believe that these things will happen to them.
Hand-written texts look amazing and show your creativity as well as character. They help your audience see a different side of you; like your handwriting. Lol.
What questions do you get asked constantly, either about yourself or about others? Create a Frequently Asked Questions post answering all these questions.
Write a post naming specific people who have influenced your blogging journey. Be sure to let them know when the post is public to help drive their followers to your site.
Do you have a strong relationship with some of your loyal readers? Ask one of them if you can interview him or her and post his or her responses on your blog. People love reading about themselves anyway. As long as the questions are interactive and the answers engaging you'd get readers.
Do you have someone you have always wanted to say something to, whether it is a child or a celebrity or a robot? Say those things and post it on your blog for the world to see.
Remember that except your blog is niche based, it's a personal diary where you can publish whatever suits you.


text:
Kylie Minogue Is Up For A Madonna Duet
Kylie Minogue has admitted she would love to work with Madonna, as well as the likes of Dua Lipa, Lady Gaga and Miley Cyrus.
Tagged as: 80s, 90s, Australia, Kylie Minogue, Madonna, pop
Madonna Abandoned David Guetta Collaboration Because of his Star Sign
Madonna turned down the chance to work with French DJ David Guetta – because of his star sign.
Tagged as: 80s, 90s, David Guetta, Madonna, pop, USA
Madonna To Express Herself In A Movie About Madonna
Madonna has picked a topic she loves, Madonna, to make a movie about.
Tagged as: 80s, biopic, dance, Diablo Cody, Madonna, pop, USA
Madonna Teases Biopic
Madonna has teased fans with a new film project, a music-orientated script she is developing with Tully screenwriter Diablo Cody.
Tagged as: 80s, biopic, dance, Diablo Cody, Madonna, pop, Tully, USA
Madonna Says Russia Has Fined Her $1 Million
Madonna has claimed she was fined $1 million (£800,000) by the Russian government for publicly supporting LGBTQ+ rights during a concert in the country in 2012.
Tagged as: 80s, dance, Madonna, pop, USA
Madonna Undergoing Knee Treatment
Madonna is set to undergo regenerative treatment to repair the knee injury that forced her to cancel shows on her Madame X tour.
Tagged as: 80s, 90s, dance, disco, Madonna, pop, USA
Madonna Says She Had Coronavirus COVID-19
Madonna says that she hand the coronavirus COVID-19 in January.
Madonna Slammed For Vile Coronavirus Comment
Madonna has come under fire from fans for calling the coronavirus "the great equalizer" while naked in a bathtub.
Tagged as: 00s, 10s, 20s, 80s, 90s, dance, disco, Madonna, pop, USA
Madonna Fans Furious After Three Hour Show Delay
Madonna's Madame X Show in Paris was delayed by three hours on Saturday after the production was hit with "unforeseen technical problems".
Madonna Mouth Off At London Venue Who Cut Her Off After Curfew
Madonna has criticised management at The London Palladium for cutting off her set after she went over curfew.
Madonna To Sublet New York Apartment To The Artist Formerly Known As Prince Harry
Madonna has offered to sublet her Central Park West apartment to Prince Harry and Meghan, Duchess of Sussex in a cheeky video.
Tagged as: 00s, 10s, 20s, 80s, 90s, dance, disco, Madonna, pop, Prince Harry, USA
Fans Sue Madonna For Turning Up Late At Show
Madonna has been hit with a class action lawsuit for allegedly turning up late to two concerts.
Madonna Cancels London Shows Due To "Multiple Injures"
Madonna has cancelled her London shows on 4 and 11 February due to "multiple injuries".
Tagged as: 00s, 10s, 20s, 80s, 90s, Madonna, pop, USA
Madonna Cancels Last Show Of Madame X Tour
Madonna was forced to cancel the final show of her North America tour for her Madame X show on Sunday night because she was in too much pain to perform.
Tagged as: 00s, 10s, 80s, 90s, dance, Madonna, pop, USA
Madonna and Guy Ritchie Are Fighting In Court Again
Former couple Madonna and Guy Ritchie have been involved in a mysterious legal dispute just before Christmas.
Tagged as: 00s, 10s, 80s, 90s, dance, Guy Ritchie, Madonna, pop, USA
Madonna Documents Post-Show Routine
Madonna shared a clip of her taking an ice bath and seemingly drinking her own urine on her Instagram TV page on Sunday.
Tagged as: 00s, 10s, 80s, 90s, Madonna, pop, USA
Madonna Is Moving Out Of Portugal
Madonna is on the move. Madonna had been renting the 18th century historic property in Portugal after moving to support her 13-year-old son David's dream of playing football with Benfica's youth team, but now she could be set for a fresh start with the owners looking to sell.
Tagged as: 80s, 90s, Madonna, pop, USA
Madonna Bans Phones and Cameras From Her Madame X Gigs
Madonna has left fans fuming after banning the use of mobile phones during her concerts.
Tagged as: 00s, 80s, 90s, dance, disco, Madame X, Madonna, pop, USA
Madonna Debuts Madame X Live With No Real Surprises
Madonna has played the first show of her new Madame X tour in Brooklyn. Apart from the songs from the new album, there are no real surprises.
Madonna Delays The Start of Her Madame X Tour
Madonna has been forced to reschedule some dates due to the "highly specialised production elements" of the show, a Live Nation promoter told Variety.
Tagged as: 80s, 90s, dance, Madame X, Madonna, pop, USA
Madonna serenaded by her children for her 61st birthday
Madonna's children gave their mum a special birthday present by singing to her during a weekend of wild celebrations.
Madonna Releases Like A Prayer Demos To Thwart Auction
Demos for two of Madonna's biggest hits have been released by a collaborator in an attempt to thwart an auction of her personal items.
Madonna says awards are over-rated
Madonna doesn't care for awards. The 60-year-old singer doesn't care about having accolades bestowed on her in recognition of her career and doesn't pay much attention to them.
Madonna to Launch her own SiriusXM Station
Madonna will become a radio host next week with the debut of her own exclusive SiriusXM channel.
Tagged as: 80s, dance, disco, Madame X, Madonna, pop, SiriusXM, USA
Madonna takes aim at American Gun Control Laws in new video
Madonna has taken aim at America's gun laws in her fiery new video.
Tagged as: 80s, dance, disco, Madame X, Madonna, pop, USA
Its Official: Australians Prefer Porn to Madonna
Do Australians prefer Porn to Madonna? Well, now we can answer the question. The answer is 'Porn'. Perth's Psychedelic Porn Crumpets sold twice as many Vinyl albums than Madonna in their debut weeks.
Tagged as: Australia, Australian charts, Bruce Springsteen, Madonna, music industry, pop, Psychedelic Porn Crumpets
UK Charts: Bruce Springsteen beats Madonna in England
It was The Boss vs The Queen of Pop in the race to Number 1, but of the two American music icons, it's Bruce Springsteen who takes the glory in this week's Official Albums Chart.
Tagged as: Bruce Springsteen, Madonna, music industry, pop, UK
Australian Charts: Bruce Springsteen beats Madonna to no 1 album in Australia
by Gavin Ryan
In the battle for No.1 this week between Madonna and Bruce Springsteen, The Boss beats Madame X with his new nineteenth studio album "Western Stars", becoming the fourth chart-topping album here for Bruce Springsteen.
Tagged as: 70s, 80s, Bruce Springsteen, country, folk, Madonna, pop, rock, USA, Western Stars
Its a Bruce Springsteen vs Madonna No 1 Week in the UK
It's a battle between The Boss and The Queen of Pop on this week's Official Albums Chart as new records by Madonna and Bruce Springsteen go head to head for the Number 1 spot.
Madonna 'Madame X' is a Creative Disaster
Madonna was questionably the greatest pop act of the 80s. She was certainly the most successful. She was a Bugatti on a racetrack in top gear, no-one could touch her. On 'Madame X' she sounds like a broken-down Ford Fiesta lost on a dirt road to Vegas.
Tagged as: 80s, 90s, Madame X, Madonna, pop, USA
Duke Bootee, Composer of 'The Message', Dead At 69
Edward G. Fletcher (aka Duke Bootee) has died at the age of 69. The rapper was best known for writing the Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five hit 'The Message'.
Mick Fleetwood Sells His Recording Rights
Mick Fleetwood is the latest superstar to sell his catalogue. Fleetwood, the co-founder of Fleetwood Mac, has handed over his future royalties from his recorded works to BMG.
Marianne Faithfull Is Making An Album With Australia's Warren Ellis
Warren Ellis from Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds and Marianne Faithfull have confirmed details of their upcoming 'She Walks In Beauty' collection - which is set to be released on April 30 - and she has been eyeing up the project for a long time.
Neil Young To Release 'Way Down In The Rust Bucket' In February
Neil Young's next archive release will be a 1990 concert from the Ragged Glory tour.
Black Sabbath's Iconic Ronnie James Dio Albums Set For Expansion
'Heaven and Hell' and 'Mob Rules', the initial two Black Sabbath albums with Ronnie James Dio on vocals, will be expanded with rare and previously unreleased music.
Phil Collins Ex To Become Reality Star
Phil Collins' ex-wife Orianne Cevey is reportedly being lined up for a potential reboot of the Real Housewives of Miami.
AC/DC Debut Sydney Built 'Realize' Video
AC/DC are set to unveil their next video for the 'PWR/UP' song 'Realize' and its Australian made.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Installing and troubleshooting a heater that is still under warranty without proper licensing can forfeit your warranty under the manufacturer's terms and conditions. If your heater is out of warranty, sometimes, it's simply cheaper to do it yourself. If you yourself in this scenario, this blog article is for you. In this blog article, we cover the most common swimming pool heater problems a pool owner might encounter and remedies to fix the issue.
How Can I Extend My Pool Season?


The evidence of human settlement in Drenthe dates back to prehistoric times, but this largely rural northern province has never attracted many people as a place to live and work, at least not until recently.
Drenthe is now part of the Northern Netherlands Provinces (SNN) along with its neighbours Groningen and Friesland. The SNN negotiates with the Dutch government on behalf of its members, which has proved beneficial, as the government recently agreed to co-fund projects that will boost the region's economic structure. Drenthe is now considered one of the most promising growth areas in Western Europe. Its capital, Assen, is already the fastest-growing urban centre (in terms of population and economy) in the northern Netherlands. Assen also has a famous motorcycle racing circuit, which has raised the city's profile considerably.
Another popular attraction in Drenthe is the Dierenpark in the municipality of Emmen. It is considered one of the finest zoos in Europe, drawing 1.5 million visitors a year.
Large areas of Drenthe remain unspoilt and protected. The appeal of these broad expanses of unpopulated lands, with a village dotted here and there, have attracted many tourists in recent years. In this bicycle-mad country, the province is popular for its hundreds of kilometres' of bicycle paths winding through forests, heaths and fields, and along the canals of its cities and towns.
The main sources of jobs in Drenthe are the agricultural sector and the industries of tourism, energy, and medical equipment production. In recent years a number of business parks and office complexes have sprung up here.


text:
Library and Archives Canada Owns a Huge Porn Stash
Published on April 6, 2017 in Canada by Delilah Clark
One would have never thought that a country like Canada would have a porn collection as part of their heritage.
Library and Achieves Canada, an institution that holds Canada's historical documents, revealed this week that it has a diverse porn collection, which is labelled as erotica.
The documents consist of literature and images that are purely meant for prurient interest.
Apparently, along with preserving Canada's heritage, the Government of Canada was also tasked with looking and preserving dirty books. Below are some of the best finding of the books and videos found at Library and Achieves Canada:
Note: If you are below 18 and are offended by such things, then kindly please leave this website.
1. The World's 1st Harlequin Novel
Originally created by Canada, Harlequin has shaped the world's literature and is exported worldwide. The Library and Achieves Canada is filled with these romance novels. The first novel to be ever written was "The Manatee", which is about a sailor, who has feelings for a wooden figurehead attached to his whaling ship.
2. Sister of the Damned
A pulp novel that graced the stands in 1949, Sister of the Damned is a steamy story of lesbianism. This is another rare collection, which was disguised as a memoir, not to arouse suspicion.
3. Stage Magazine
Created for Canadian men, a different edition of the magazine came out in 1941. This edition was consumed in World War II by military men. It mostly contained R-rated cartoons and beauties in bathing suits.
4. Factual Detective Stories
Introduced in 1946, these stories were about illicit sex, true crime and buxom women. In 1949, they were banned by the Canadian law, which kneecapped the industry.
5. Sexcula
Screened in 1973, this tacky masterpiece by CanCon is labelled as "the state of Canadian society at the time", which definitely gives a new meaning to the films.
One would have thought that the Library and Achieves Canada would contain actual documentaries on the heritage of Canada but with this news in the out, Canada risks mocking its own heritage.
Delilah Clark
Delilah is 31 years old from Toronto Canada and has a conservative view on politics, she lives on the road following big names in politics, she has come upon us with many years writing experience, in her early years she has been all over Europe back-packing and had the "adventure of a lifetime" before settling down to write news on Canadian and World politics.
Amazing! Listen to this 12-year-old's powerful speech on why abortion is wrong
VIDEO: Equality on CBC means to remove the ball from Soccer so there's no losers
Exposing Violent Refugee Crimes In Canada Could Land You In Prison For Hate Crime?
Children of homosexuals speak out AGAINST same-sex marriage, tell of unpleasant upbringings
Trudeau's Approval Ratings Drop into Hell
Non-Gay Sex May Be Banned Soon Because It's Bad For The Environment
The Meaning of Canadian Citizenship Needs a Major Shot in the Arm
BREAKING: "bodies everywhere." Truck plows into crowd killing 60 in terror attack
NFL's Remarkable Streak of 49 Days Without Player Arrested Ends; Chiefs Defensive Tackle Roy Miller Booked For Domestic Battery
Previous Story Previous post: Magnitsky law supported by Committee for Canada
Next Story Next post: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's Talking Bendable Doll Finally for Sale


High performance fiber reinforced composites are identified by their enhanced elastic behavior, pseudo-strain hardening response and toughened post-peak response. If the composite is adequately reinforced by fibers, the bridging action will transfer the load and multiple cracking will occur. This study investigates the effect of dispersion of fibers on the multiple cracking behavior of fiber reinforced composites. Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry technique is used to record the location of crack initiation, sequence of the multiple cracking and corresponding cracking stresses. Microstructural parameters at each crack location are statistically quantified by the theory of point processes. The size of the fiber free areas and fiber clumping are calculated at the crack cross-sections. By using Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics, fracture toughness of the matrix is calculated. A strong relation between the cracking stress and the fiber free areas in the composite is observed. It is shown that the toughness of the composite depends on the fiber clumping at the first crack cross-section.


The camera eye, imitating nature, is cruel in its concern.
This time, it was the airship Hindenburg on its last visit to the States.
As it docks a wind kicks up, and the tethers drag the sailors up.
Two held on, and it means their death.
They are swept upwards, up and suddenly they are hundreds of feet high, and thus doomed.
We see little of that, since the editors are interested much more in the falling.
One fellow had to let go pretty early, and we see him fall.
A few hundred feet, then he lands on his head, and is lost to the camera's eye.
The camera is interested only in drama.
There are shouts to the other fellow, but we do not hear them.
They urge him to hold fast, hold on.
He is the center of focus, he is strong, he rides the winds and the twists and turns.
He is game, he has no alternative, he clings and hopes.
His struggle is what the camera will report to us, decades after the events.
The nameless fellow falters and lets go, as though shoving himself off.
Human strength is only so much, human endurance has its limits.
Now the falling proper begins, parable for modern man.
There are three thousand feet of falling. It takes a long time.
There he goes — down, down — to the upward rushing earth.
He doesn't know what he looks like, he doesn't care.
He looks down, then he looks up, then he holds himself, then he runs, arms and legs flailing.
As though he could bargain with Mother Earth about this.
We see it all, we are the eyes and ears of the world.
Why are we so interested, what is going on here?
Why is this replayed so often without commentary?
He disappears, still reaching, behind trees and the like, and that is all.
The camera does not go there and show the broken body.
One never hears of the funeral, the testimonies.
Who needs to see all that? They are mere formalities.
Ah, but the dying, the flight, the resistance — that was something, now.


"HIV/AIDS therapy - where are the facts?"
AIDS appeared at the beginning of the 80s as a "new syndrome". The "new diseases" were PCP and Kaposi's sarcoma. The relatively young patients were consistently homosexuals, who admitted to drug abuse. The original drugs-AIDS hypothesis was rejected in favor of the virus-AIDS hypothesis. The HIV-antibody test came on the market and turned all those who tested positive to these antibodies into potential AIDS victims. The "plague" spread henceforth more due to the plague-like spread of the HIV test than to that of the clinically ill.
The drug AZT was approved in 1987 and was, as we now know, given in too high a dosage, so that practically everyone who received the medicine died prematurely of myelosuppression.
This extreme mortality rate did not at first occur to us clinicians because we believed that the patients were dying of AIDS.
Only after a clear reduction in dosage and the addition of a new active ingredient (protease inhibitors) did the mortality rate begin to go down.
The acceptance of the Virus-AIDS hypothesis has lead to patients being handled primarily on the basis of their HIV status, irrespective of clinical disease. In many cases, ancillary treatment is additionally applied to existing diseases, which can lead to a significant over-treatment. Furthermore, completely healthy HIV positive patients are advised to submit to prophylactic treatment and lifelong chemotherapy is recommended.
This "guideline therapy" has not been verified by random, placebo-controlled long-term studies and is, therefore, unsuitable as a recommended course of therapy. In fact, HIV positive patients should be treated commensurate to their clinical disease.
The occasional successful treatment of chronically ill HIV positives, who mostly suffer from invasive mycoses (PCP, Cryptococcus meningitis, histoplasmosis), stem from the antimychotic effectivity of the protease inhibitors which, in combination with nucleoside analogues, form a potent antimychotic agent and are possibly superior to other antimychotics such as amphotherycin combined with Ancotyl.


text:
Citropsis es un género con 14 especies de plantas de flores de la familia Rutaceae.

Especies seleccionadas
 Citropsis angolensis
 Citropsis articulata
 Citropsis citrifolia
 Citropsis daweana
 Citropsis gabunensis
 Citropsis gilletiana
 Citropsis latialata
 Citropsis le-testui
 Citropsis mirabilis
 Citropsis noldeae
 Citropsis preussii
 Citropsis schweinfurthii
 Citropsis tanakae
 Citropsis zenkeri

Enlaces externos

Citropsis. The Plant List. *Sorting Citrus Relatives

Rutaceae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Linq;

namespace FluentAssertions.Analyzers.Utilities
{
    internal static class TypesExtensions
    {
        public static bool IsTypeOrConstructedFromTypeOrImplementsType(this INamedTypeSymbol type, SpecialType specialType)
        {
            var abstractType = type.OriginalDefinition;
            return abstractType.SpecialType == specialType
                || abstractType.AllInterfaces.Any(@interface => @interface.OriginalDefinition.SpecialType == specialType);
        }

        public static bool IsTypeOrConstructedFromTypeOrImplementsType(this INamedTypeSymbol type, INamedTypeSymbol other)
        {
            var abstractType = type.OriginalDefinition;
            return abstractType.Equals(other)
                || abstractType.AllInterfaces.Any(@interface => @interface.OriginalDefinition.Equals(other));
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Maps of San Diego - Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc.
(San Diego) Map of Middletown Surveyed by order of the Referees in the case of Baldwin et als. vs. Couts et als. . . . John E. Jackson, C.E. January 1874.
Map of San Diego, Cal. With the Plan of the Sewers Constructed in 1888.


The Petroleum Technology Association of Nigeria (PETAN) has announced the first set of speakers to feature on the programme at the West African International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference 2018 (WAIPEC), a two day major platform for the oil and gas industry, taking place next month 7-8th February at the Eko Convention Centre, Lagos, Nigeria.
Industry leaders and expert speakers have been drawn from key stakeholders involved in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria to lead discussions and provide invaluable insight at WAIPEC 2018. These include the Group General Manager, National Petroleum Investment & Management Services (NAPIMS), Roland Ewubare; Acting Chief Executive O, Petroleum Commission, Ghana, Egbert Faibille Jnr; Chief Executive Officer, SEPLAT, Austin Ojunekwu Avuru; and Managing Director, Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company (SNEPCo), Bayo Ojulari;.
According to PETAN, WAIPEC's first class conference programme will lead on 'New ventures in West Africa; driving oil and gas production through innovative strategies.' Content will focus on unlocking strategic value, leveraging innovation, best practices and technology that will grow West Africa's energy industry, through a series of plenary and industry panel sessions and topical presentations.
PETAN added that longside the conference, the international exhibition, which is free to attend to qualifying individuals, is attracting an increasing number of specialised companies including; The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Chevron, Lee Engineering, Nestoil, Equatorial Guinea, PetroSa and OiLSERV.
It listed exhibitors showcasing their latest products and services include many international and regional energy companies, service providers, and oil companies. A full list of participating companies can be found at www.waipec.com along with further programme information and details of how to register to attend.


text:
in: Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls, Articles with content from Wikipedia, Egyptian goddesses,
Solar goddesses
Statue of Bastet in the Istanbul Museum.
Goddess of protection, cats, Lower Egypt and the sun (later the moon)
Bubastis
the cat, the sistrum (in some accounts)
Ptah (later superseded by Sekhmet)
Bastet is the name commonly used by scholars today to refer to a feline goddess of Ancient Egyptian religion who was worshipped at least since the Second Dynasty. Her name is also spelled Bast, Ubasti and Baset.[1]
1 Name
2 From lion-goddess to cat-goddess
3 Bubastis
3.1 Temple
3.2 Festival
4 History and connection to other gods
5 Later perception
7.1 Primary sources
7.2 Secondary sources
Bastet, the form of the name which is most commonly adopted by Egyptologists today, is only a modern convention, which offers one possible reconstruction. In early Egyptian, her name appears to have been bȝstt, where ȝ represents an aleph.[2] In Egyptian writing, the second t marks a feminine ending, but was not usually pronounced, and the aleph ȝ may have moved to a position before the accented syllable, as witnessed by the Aramaic spelling ȝbst.[2] By the first millennium, then, bȝstt would have been something like 'obest' or 'ubesti' in Egyptian speech.[2]
The town of Bastet's cult (see below) was known in Greek as Boubastis (Βούβαστος). The Hebrew rendering of the name for this town is Pî-beset ("House of Bastet"), spelled without Vortonsilbe.[2]
What the name of the goddess means remains uncertain.[2] One recent suggestion by Stephen Quirke (Ancient Egyptian Religion) explains it as meaning "She of the ointment jar". This ties in with the observation that her name was written with the hieroglyph "ointment jar" (bȝs) and that she was associated with protective ointments, among other things.[2]
From lion-goddess to cat-goddess
From the third millennium BCE, when Bastet begins to appear in our record, she is depicted as either a fierce lioness or a woman with the head of a lion.[3] Images of Bast were created from a local stone, named alabaster today.
Originally she was viewed as the protector goddess of Lower Egypt. As protector, she was seen as defender of the pharaoh, and consequently of the later chief male deity, Ra, who was also a solar deity, gaining her the titles Lady of Flame and Eye of Ra.
Her role in the pantheon became diminished as Sekhmet, a similar lioness war deity, became more dominant in the unified culture of Lower and Upper Egypt.
In the first millennium BCE, when domesticated cats were popularly kept as pets, Bastet began to be represented as a woman with the head of a cat and ultimately emerged as the Egyptian cat-goddess par excellence.[3] In the Middle Kingdom, the domestic cat appeared as Bastet's sacred animal and after the New Kingdom she was depicted as a woman with the head of a cat or a lioness, carrying a sacred rattle and a box or basket.[4]
She was a local deity whose cult was centred in the city of Bubastis, now Tell Basta, which lay in the Delta near what is known as Zagazig today.[3][4] The town, known in Egyptian as pr-bȝstt (also transliterated as Per-Bast), carries her name, literally meaning "House of Bastet". It was known in Greek as Boubastis (Βούβαστος) and translated into Hebrew as Pî-beset. In the biblical Book of Ezekiel 30:17, the town appears in the Hebrew form Pibeseth.[3]
Herodotus, a Greek historian who travelled in Egypt in the 5th century BCE, describes Bastet's temple at some length:
"save for the entrance, it stands on an island; two separate channels approach it from the Nile, and after coming up to the entry of the temple, they run round it on opposite sides; each of them is an hundred feet wide, and overshadowed by trees. The temple is in the midst of the city, the whole circuit of which commands a view down into it; for the city's level has been raised, but that of the temple has been left as it was from the first, so that it can be seen into from without. A stone wall, carven with figures, runs round it; within is a grove of very tall trees growing round a great shrine, wherein is the image of the goddess; the temple is a square, each side measuring a furlong. A road, paved with stone, of about three furlongs' length leads to the entrance, running eastward through the market place, towards the temple of Hermes; this road is about four hundred wide, and bordered by trees reaching to heaven."[5]
The description offered by Herodotus and several Egyptian texts suggest that water surrounded the temple on three (out of four) sides, forming a type of lake known as isheru, not too dissimilar from that surrounding the Temple of the goddess Mut in Karnak at Thebes.[3] Lakes known as isheru were typical of temples devoted to a number of leonine goddesses who are said to represent one original goddess, daughter of the Sun-God Re / Eye of Re: Bastet, Mut, Tefnut, Hathor and Sakhmet.[3] Each of them had to be appeased by a specific set of rituals.[3] One myth relates that a lioness, fiery and wrathful, was once cooled down by the water of the lake, transformed into a gentle cat and settled in the temple.[3]
Herodotus also relates that of the many solemn festivals held in Egypt, the most important and most popular one was that celebrated in Bubastis in honour of the goddess, whom he calls Bubastis and equates with the Greek goddess Artemis.[6][7] Each year on the day of her festival, the town is said to have attracted some 700,000 visitors ("as the people of the place say"), both men and women (but not children), who arrived in numerous crowded ships. The women engaged in music, song and dance on their way to the place, great sacrifices were made and prodigious amounts of wine were drunk, more than was the case throughout the year.[8] This accords well with Egyptian sources which prescribe that leonine goddesses are to be appeased with the "feasts of drunkenness".[2]
The goddess Bast was sometimes depicted holding a ceremonial sistrum in one hand and an aegis in the other – the aegis usually resembling a collar or gorget embellished with a lioness head.
Bast was a goddess of the sun throughout most of Ancient Egyptian history, but later when she was changed into a cat goddess rather than a lioness, she was changed to a goddess of the moon by Greeks occupying Ancient Egypt toward the end of its civilization. In Greek mythology, Bast also is known as Ailuros.
History and connection to other gods
Cats in ancient Egypt were revered highly, partly due to their ability to combat vermin such as mice, rats - which threatened key food supplies - and snakes, especially cobras. Cats of royalty were, in some instances, known to be dressed in golden jewelry and were allowed to eat from their owners' plates. Turner and Bateson estimate that during the Twenty-second dynasty c.945-715 BCE, Bastet worship changed to being a major cat deity (as opposed to a lioness deity).[9] With the unification of the two Egypts, many similar deities were merged into one or the other, the significance of Bast and Sekhmet, to the regional cultures that merged, resulted in a retention of both, necessitating a change to one or the other. During later dynasties, Bast was assigned a lesser role in the pantheon, but retained.
In the temple at Per-Bast some cats were found to have been mummified and buried, many next to their owners. More than 300,000 mummified cats were discovered when Bast's temple at Per-Bast was excavated. The main source of information about the Bast cult comes from Herodotus who visited Bubastis around 450 BCE, during the heyday of the cult. He equated Bastet with the Greek goddess Artemis. He wrote extensively about the cult. Turner and Bateson suggest that the status of the cat was roughly equivalent to that of the cow in modern India. The death of a cat might leave a family in great mourning and those who could would have them embalmed or buried in cat cemeteries - pointing to the great prevalence of the cult of Bastet. Extensive burials of cat remains were found not only at Bubastis, but also at Beni Hasan and Saqqara. In 1888, a farmer uncovered a plot of many hundreds of thousands of cats in Beni Hasan.[9]
The lioness represented the war goddess and protector of both lands. As the fierce lion god Maahes of Nubia later became part of Egyptian mythology, during the time of the New Kingdom, Bastet was held to be the daughter of Amun Ra, a newly ascending deity in the Egyptian pantheon during that late dynasty. Bastet became identified as his mother in the Lower Egypt, near the delta. Similarly the fierce lioness war goddess Sekhmet, became identified as the mother of Maashes in the Upper Egypt.
As divine mother, and more especially as protector, for Lower Egypt, Bastet became strongly associated with Wadjet, the patron goddess of Lower Egypt. She eventually became Wadjet-Bast, paralleling the similar pair of patron (Nekhbet) and lioness protector (Sekhmet) for Upper Egypt.
Later perception
Later scribes sometimes renamed her Bastet, a variation on Bast consisting of an additional feminine suffix to the one already present, thought to have been added to emphasize pronunciation; perhaps it is a diminutive name applied as she receded in the ascendancy of Sekhmet in the Egyptian pantheon. Since Bastet literally meant, (female) of the ointment jar, Her name was related with the lavish jars in which Egyptians stored their perfume. Bast thus gradually became regarded as the goddess of perfumes, earning the title, perfumed protector. In connection with this, when Anubis became the god of embalming, Bast, as goddess of ointment, came to be regarded as his wife. The association of Bastet as mother of Anubis, was broken years later when Anubis became identified as the son of Nephthys. Lower Egypt's loss in the wars between Upper and Lower Egypt led to a decrease in the ferocity of Bast. Thus, by the Middle Kingdom she came to be regarded as a domestic cat rather than a lioness. Occasionally, however, she was depicted holding a lioness mask, hinting at her potential ferocity.
Domestic cats tend to be tender and protective of their offspring, therefore Bast was also regarded as a good mother, and she was sometimes depicted with numerous kittens. Consequently, a woman who wanted children sometimes wore an amulet showing the goddess with kittens, the number of which indicated her own desired number of children.
Eventually, her position as patron and protector of Lower Egypt led to her being identified with the more substantial goddess Mut, whose cult had risen to power with that of Amun, and eventually being syncretized with her as Mut-Wadjet-Bast. Shortly after, in the constantly evolving pantheon, Mut also absorbed the identities of the Sekhmet-Nekhbet pairing as well.
This merging of identities of similar goddesses has led to considerable confusion, leading to some attributing to Bastet the title Mistress of the Sistrum (more properly belonging to Hathor, who had become thought of as an aspect of the later emerging Isis, as had Mut), and the Greek idea of her as a lunar goddess (more properly an attribute of Mut) rather than the solar deity she was. The native Egyptian rulers were replaced by Greeks during an occupation of Egypt that lasted almost five hundred years. These new rulers adopted many Egyptian beliefs and customs, but always "interpreted" them in relation to their Greek culture. These associations sought to link the antiquity of Egyptian culture to the newer Greek culture, thereby lending parallel roots and a sense of continuity. Indeed, much confusion occurred with subsequent generations; the identity of Bast slowly merged among the Greeks during their occupation of Egypt, who sometimes named her Ailuros (Greek for cat), thinking of Bast as a version of Artemis, their own moon goddess. Thus, to fit their own cosmology, to the Greeks Bast is thought of as the sister of Horus, whom they identified as Apollo (Artemis' brother), and consequently, the daughter of the later emerging deities, Isis and Ra. Roman occupation of Egypt followed in 30 BCE, and their pantheon of deities also was identified with the Greek interpretations of the Ancient Egyptians. The introduction of Christianity and Islam followed as well, and by the sixth century CE only a few vestiges of Ancient Egyptian religious beliefs remained, although the cult of Isis had spread to the ends of the Roman Empire.
↑ Badawi, Cherine. Footprint Egypt. Footprint Travel Guides, 2004.
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Te Velde, "Bastet", p. 165.
↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Te Velde, "Bastet", p. 164.
↑ 4.0 4.1 Bastet Egyptian Museum
↑ Herodotus, Book 2, chapter 138.
↑ Herodotus, Book 2, chapter 59.
↑ 9.0 9.1 Serpell, "Domestication and History of the Cat", p. 184.
Herodotus, ed. H. Stein (et al.) and tr. A.D. Godley (1920), Herodotus 1. Books 1 and 2. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.
Egyptian temples
Velde, Herman te (1999). "Bastet". in Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking and Pieter W. van der Horst. Dictionary of Demons and Deities in the Bible (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill Academic. pp. 164–5. ISBN 9004111190.
Serpell, James A.. "Domestication and History of the Cat". in Dennis C. Turner and Paul Patrick Gordon Bateson. The Domestic Cat: the Biology of its Behaviour. pp. 177–192. http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=kO5y0fnLUD4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA179&dq=Herodotus+cat+Egyptians++Bubastis&ots=EoA4iT0pVp&sig=TqZF4mYt-fLrbkH05hxwCBvniZk#v=onepage&q=Herodotus%20cat%20Egyptians%20%20Bubastis&f=false.
Malek, Jaromir (1993). The Cat in Ancient Egypt. London: British Museum Press.
Otto, Eberhard (1972-1992). "Bastet". in W. Helck, et al.. Lexicon der Ägyptologie. 1. Wiesbaden. pp. 628–30.
Quaegebeur, J. (1991). "Le culte de Boubastis - Bastet en Egypte gréco-romaine". in L. Delvaux and E. Warmenbol. Les divins chat d'Egypte. Leuven. pp. 117–27.
Quirke, Stephen (1992). Ancient Egyptian Religion. London: British Museum Press.
Exhaustive scholarly essay on the goddess
"Temple to cat god found in Egypt", BBC News.
This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original article was at Bastet. The list of authors can be seen in the page history.
Egyptian goddesses


text:
George Monbiot reminds me why I don't trust Al Gore and the whole Nobel Prize bizness: Gore was the man who sank the Kyoto protocol, and then got a Nobel for it. Shame.
"Most of the other governments insisted that the cuts be made at home. But Gore demanded a series of loopholes big enough to drive a Hummer through. The rich nations, he said, should be allowed to buy their cuts from other countries. When he won, the protocol created an exuberant global market in fake emissions cuts. The western nations could buy "hot air" from the former Soviet Union. Because the cuts were made against emissions in 1990, and because industry in that bloc had subsequently collapsed, the former Soviet Union countries would pass well below the bar. Gore's scam allowed them to sell the gases they weren't producing to other nations. He also insisted that rich nations could buy nominal cuts from poor ones. Entrepreneurs in India and China have made billions by building factories whose primary purpose is to produce greenhouse gases, so that carbon traders in the rich world will pay to clean them up."


text:
Search Records by Subject: WORLD FANTASY AWARDS, 1989
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Subjects: WORLD FANTASY AWARDS, 1989
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Subjects: STRAUB, PETER; WALTON, EVANGELINE; WORLD FANTASY AWARDS, 1989
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text:
\section*{Introduction}

Among the most sensitive methods to determine the strength of magnetic fields -- surpassing superconducting quantum interference devices\cite{romalis5,fagaly1} -- optical magnetometer have given rise to an increasing range of novel applications\cite{budker1}, including geomagnetism\cite{romalis5}, magnetocardio- and encephalography\cite{prouty1,romalis4,weis2}, quantum nondemolition measurements\cite{romalis3,yabuzaki,mitchell1} and space-borne sensing\cite{burton1}. The development of efficient, high temperature stable antirelaxation coatings\cite{budker3}, spin-exchange free operation\cite{romalis6a} and optical multipass cells\cite{romalis1a, romalis1b} has helped to push sensitivity into the $\mathrm{aT/\sqrt{Hz}}$ regime\cite{romalis6b}. Now there is an increasing demand in developments leading to miniaturized and applicable setups promising portable, battery-operated and highly sensitive devices\cite{kitching1}. Miniaturization while maintaining the interaction strength, and hence sensitivity, leaves one with two options. Either increase atomic density and/or effective optical path length of a probe beam passing the atomic sample. However, a rise in atomic density is accompanied by an increase in spin coherence destroying atom-wall and atom-atom collisions and therefore optimal operating conditions have to be carefully matched to the collisional properties of the atomic species. Multipass cells and cavities are well established methods to increase the photonic contribution to the interaction strength. Until now, only multipass cells had been used due to their feature set of constant path length for each photon, large mode volume and avoidance of optical resonances. Cavities however, may be an attractive choice for miniaturized systems. Chip-scale magnetometer\cite{kitching1} can profit especially as their cell volume and with it sensitivity is more restricted compared to larger table-top systems.
Microcavity fabrication is established technology\cite{vahala1} and less demanding than miniaturizing the more complex geometries of the multipass cells used so far.
Also cavity assemblies can be fit around spherical vapour cells that can be reliably coated with uniform thickness antirelaxation layers, a thing hard to achieve with the edges of cylindrically shaped geometries favoured for multipass cells.

The general measurement principle is based on the modification of optical properties of atoms which are exerted to a magnetic field.
Light that is near resonant with an optical transition creates through optical pumping long-lived atomic ground state polarization moments (orientation, alignment and/or higher order moments), and therefore optical anisotropy in the alkali vapour atoms. In a magnetic field these ground-state spin coherences precess with a field dependent frequency -- the Larmor frequency -- which subsequently can be optically detected. Measured transmission and absorption properties of a probe beam passing the atomic medium are then related to the magnetic field strength the atoms are subjected to.

Here we investigate the potential enhancement of an optical atomic magnetometer with combined pump and probe beam (single-beam configuration) incorporated in a low finesse cavity. In our set-up (see Figure \ref{fig:setup}) the finesse of the cavity was limited by the optical loss within the cavity and the imperfect surface of the spectroscopy cell.
Light is generated by an external cavity diode laser with a typical linewidth below 1 MHz. The laser frequency is stabilized to the $\rm{^{133}Cs}$  D2-transition $\mathrm{6^{2}S_{1/2}\; F=4 \rightarrow 6^{2}P_{3/2}\; F'=4}$ at $\mathrm{\lambda=852.3}$ nm via saturated absorption spectroscopy on an atomic reference cell. Due to the acousto optical modulator (AOM) in the spectroscopy and the AOM before the optical fiber the laser frequency can be shifted within a range of $\pm$100 MHz around the atomic resonance. The second AOM is used to modulate the intensity of the light with a frequency of 1 kHz for lock-in detection of the polarization rotation signal.
After the light has passed through a polarization maintaining single mode fiber the polarization is cleaned by a halve-wave plate and Glan-Thompson polarizer (10$^{5}$ extinction ratio) and then sent into the cavity assembly which is housed inside a 5 layer zero-Gauss chamber. A solenoid placed around the cavity assembly is used to generate a homogeneous magnetic field in the direction of probe beam propagation. The magnetic field inside the chamber can be computer controlled within a range of $\pm$5 mG around zero. After the light has passed through the cavity assembly the polarization rotation is detected via a balanced detection setup comprising a Wollaston Prism (10$^{5}$ extinction ratio) with an axis oriented at 45$^{\circ}$ with respect to the incident light polarization and two avalanche photo detector modules (Thorlabs APD110A/M). The amplified photocurrent signal is then mixed with the intensity modulator reference $\Omega_{m}$ in a two-channel digital lock-in-amplifier and recorded with a computer based high resolution data acquisition system.

\begin{figure}[htb]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{setup_cavity_1.jpg}
	\caption{Experimental set-up of the atomic magnetometer. Light from a frequency stabilized external cavity diode laser (ECDL), is intensity modulated by an acousto optic modulator (AOM) and coupled into a single mode polarization maintaining fiber. The polarization of light from the fiber output is adjusted and coupled into the optical cavity assembly which is housed inside a magnetic shield. After the light passes through the cavity the polarization rotation is analysed with a Wollaston prism (WP) and balanced detector. This scheme has been drawn by the author with component symbols from the free ComponentLibrary by Alexander Franzen.}
	\label{fig:setup}
\end{figure}

\section*{Results}
\subsection*{Intracavity vapour cell.}
\label{cavity_vapor_cell}
To improve the sensitivity of the single-pass configuration we increase the effective interrogation length of the light field with the atomic ensemble. One obvious possibility is to use a multi path geometry. There the beam will be retro-reflected several times at different positions through the cell, and with this the interaction length with the atomic gas will be increased. To go even one step further we followed a different approach and utilized a Fabry-Pérot cavity. In resonance conditions the effective path of the light in the atomic vapour is increased. The effective interrogation length is given by the quality factor of the cavity.

We have designed a Fabry-Pérot cavity encapsulating the anti relaxation coated Cs cell\cite{weis1}, as indicated in Figure \ref{fig:cavity}. The cell is at ambient temperature ($ \sim 25^{\circ} C$) corresponding to a density of $\mathrm{n=6\cdot 10^{10}\, atoms/cm^{3}}$. Besides the atomic vapour cell additional optical elements have to be introduced into the cavity assembly (see Methods section\ref{ncs}).
The main loss mechanism are still reflections from the inner surface of the anti relaxation coated vapour cell. This loss determines in this set-up the finesse of the enhancement cavity.

\begin{figure}[htb]
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{cell_w_cavity_full_2.jpg}
	\caption{Picture of the cavity assembly (top) and schematic of the optical beam traversing the cavity (bottom). \\The cavity mirrors are mounted in adjustable holders inside a cage system to facilitate easy alignment. The Cs-vapour cell is placed in the center and sandwiched between two AR-coated substrates to minimize reflection losses. An axially adjustable lens, located in front of the exit mirror, allows to mode-match the diverging beam exiting the vapour cell. All parts of the assembly are made of nonmagnetic polymers or glass.}
	\label{fig:cavity}
\end{figure}

With the above described configuration we can achieve a measured finesse of the cavity of 12.7 as we expected from the design. The free spectral range is 954 MHz and the line width is 75 MHz\ref{cavity_calibration}. This will also increase the effective path length by a factor of $\mathrm{\sim 10}$. However at the same time the light intensity is increased inside the cavity which would lead to a power broadening of the atomic signal if we would use the same intensities used in the single-pass magnetometer. To counter the decrease in detection signal by lowering the probe light power (0.8 $\mathrm{\mu W}$) avalanche photodiodes were implemented.

\subsection*{Cavity augmented AM-NMOR signal.}
\label{NMOR}

To measure magnetic field induced optical rotation we employ Bell-Bloom\cite{bloom} type synchronous optical pumping and probing with amplitude modulated light (AMOR). This creates atomic alignment, where atoms are pumped into a stationary spin-state when viewed in a frame rotating with twice the Larmor frequency $\Omega_{L}$. Linear polarized light pumps multilevel atoms into states with even polarization moments. The lowest order even polarization moment is termed alignment. Due to the twofold symmetry resonance occurs when $\Omega_{m}=\pm 2 \Omega_L$. For circular polarized pump light orientation is created which is resonant when $\Omega_{m}=\pm \Omega_L$.
When the modulation frequency equals two times the Larmor frequency $\mathrm{\Omega_{m}=\pm 2 \Omega_L=\pm 2 g \mu_{B} B/\hbar}$, where g denotes the Landé factor and $\mu_{B}$ the Bohr magneton, a resonance in the transmitted light is observed. Frequency modulation, which can be employed alternatively to amplitude modulation in standard NMOR-setups, is not suitable in this case because the required modulation depth (300 MHz-1 GHz) would be much larger than the cavity linewidth (75 MHz).

Figure \ref{fig:NMOR-signal} presents a measurement of optical rotation dependent on the longitudinal magnetic field demodulated at the first harmonic of $\Omega_{m}$. For this measurement a 0.9 mm diameter probe beam with a time averaged intensity of 1.3 $\mathrm{\mu W/mm^{2}}$, tuned +80 MHz off resonance of the $\rm{6^{2}S_{1/2}\; F=4 \rightarrow 6^{2}P_{3/2}\; F'=5}$ transition and sinusoidal amplitude modulation with 100 $\%$ modulation index was used. Sinusoidal modulation is a good compromise between the competing duty-cycle requirements for optimal optical pumping and probing\cite{gawlik2}. To reduce current noise from the power supply driving the solenoid coil data acquisition was phase-locked to the 50 Hz AC mains powerline.

\begin{figure}[htb]
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{full_calibration_signal_3.jpg}
	\caption{Nonlinear optical rotation signal as a function of longitudinal magnetic field.
		In-phase (blue) and out-of-phase (red) component of the NMOR signal. The symmetric line-shapes appears due to optical pumping of atoms synchronized with the modulation frequency $\Omega_{m}$. The central resonance around B$\approx$0, the typical nonlinear Faraday signal, is strongly suppressed compared to conventional single beam AMOR signals (see Methods section).}
	\label{fig:NMOR-signal}
\end{figure}

\subsection*{Noise measurements.}
\label{Noise}

For the noise spectra measurements the magnetometer signal was recorded on the centre of the dispersive slope of the $-1^{st}$ order in-phase quadrature component of the lock-in signal located around -1.4 mG (see blue graph in Figure \ref{fig:NMOR-signal}). The lock-in amplifier (Femto LIA-MVD-200H) output signal was digitized and subsequently Fourier transformed to yield the voltage power spectrum. Conversion of the voltage noise to magnetic field noise is determined by the slope of the dispersive optical rotation signal as a function of the B-field. All optical elements were enclosed in boxes to reduce low frequency ($<$ 10 Hz) drifts of the optical rotation signal caused by beam steering from air convection.
From a fit to the dispersive signal the slope factor calculates to $\delta B / \delta U = 20.3$ nT/V and the optical rotation calibration yields $ \delta \phi /\delta B  = 42.16$ mrad/mG.

\begin{figure}[htb]
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{SN_spectrumT_4.jpg}
	\caption{Root power spectral density of the magnetometer signal without cavity (top) and with cavity (bottom). The graph shows the demodulated magnetometer response at twice the Larmor frequency of 1 kHz. AC-noise sidebands appear at multiples of 50 Hz due to imperfect shielding and residual current noise from the power supply driving the solenoid coil. The raw data were recorded with a low noise 18-bit ADC with 1000 Hz sample rate and then Fourier transformed. Note that for the arrangement without cavity the photo detector system and probe beam parameters are different compared to the cavity set-up. Dashed lines indicate rms noise level of data points residing within a 1 Hz wide frequency window centred at 10 Hz.}
	\label{fig:noise_spectrum_cavity}
\end{figure}

A comparison of the magnetic noise spectrum in a single pass set-up with (bottom graph) and without cavity enhancement (top graph) is depicted in Fig.\ref{fig:noise_spectrum_cavity}. Note that the operating conditions eg. beam size and beam power and the detection system were optimized for each set-up individually and are therefore different. Comparison of the low-frequency signal levels at 10 Hz of $\mathrm{1.2\cdot 10^{-12}\; T/\surd Hz}$ (dashed line, top) for the single-pass setup and $\mathrm{6.9\cdot 10^{-14}\; T/\surd Hz}$ (dashed line, bottom) for the cavity enhanced one shows that the sensitivity of cavity enhanced interrogation of the atoms is increased by a factor of $\mathrm{\sim 17}$ with respect to the conventional configuration without cavity. The signal contributions at 10 Hz used for comparison had been chosen to lie within the 17 Hz (-3 dB) filter bandwidth of the low-pass filter of the lock-in amplifier. Signal levels had been estimated from the rms values of 10 equally spaced data points located within a frequency window of $\pm 0.5$ Hz centred at 10 Hz.
Our measured increase in sensitivity is slightly higher than the cavity finesse of $F=12.7$. For a purely dispersive, nonabsorbing media cavity enhancement of the Faraday effect has been predicted to be proportional to the cavity finesse\cite{ling1}. Thus one might be tempted to increase the finesse significantly to gain proportionally enhanced sensitivity. However, for resonantly absorbing media, as it is the case for linear and nonlinear Faraday rotation, higher intracavity power may lead to increased induced intracavity losses and power broadening of the atomic transitions involved\cite{sycz1}. Keeping intracavity losses and absorption low while avoiding power broadening is crucial. These requirements become increasingly challenging for higher finesse cavities and will set limits to the effectivity of cavity enhancement at high finesse values.

\begin{figure}[htb]
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{cavity_transmission_5.jpg}
	\caption{Measurement of the cavity transmission linewidth.\\
		Frequency scan of the cavity assembly transmission signal (red) and error-signal (blue) from a $^{133}$Cs D2-line saturated absorption spectroscopy. The spacings between the zero crossings of the $\mathrm{6^{2}S_{1/2},\,F=4 \rightarrow 6^{2}P_{3/2},\,F^{\prime}=3,4,5 }$ spectroscopy signal serve as absolute frequency marker for calibration. From this the measured cavity linewidth calculates to $\mathrm{\delta \nu  = 2\pi*75}$ MHz (FWHM). The signal amplitude in Volt is proportional to the photocurrent of the polarimeter.}
	\label{fig:cavity-transmission}
\end{figure}

\section*{Discussion}

In this work we presented a highly sensitive, atomic magnetometer based on a cavity augmented Cs vapour cell. Here, enhanced interaction leads to an increased optical rotation and sensitivity compared to an otherwise equivalent single pass setup. Although cavity enhancement to increase the optical path-length and therefore atom-light interaction strength is well established for precision experiments\cite{hinds1}, it has not been used so far in optical magnetometry where multipass cells had been favoured instead\cite{romalis1a,romalis1b}. The absence of optical resonances, a large mode volume and constant path length for each photon makes them attractive. For certain applications however, cavities may be preferable. Compared to the complex geometry of multipass cells used for optical magnetometer in recent work, a low finesse cavity can be arranged around antirelaxation coated standard spherical vapour cells thereby taking advantage of the long spin coherence times coated cells offer. Also, cavities lend themselves better to miniaturization. Fabrication of microcavities is established technology and indispensable for areas as diverse as optical telecommunication and cavity QED\cite{vahala1,hinds1}. In chip-scale atomic magnetometer\cite{kitching1}, where the probe volume and hence sensitivity is limited, coupling to microfabricated cavities may be especially beneficial.

\section*{Methods}
\label{methods}
{\small
\subsection*{Nonmagnetic cavity setup.}
\label{ncs}
Two anti reflection coated plano-concave substrates house the Cs-vapour cell. The concave surface is contacted to the cell with refractive index matching gel. Using the vapour cell directly would lead to a decrease in the Quality factor of the cavity, since approx. 4\% of light on each surface would be reflected and lost from the cavity mode per round trip. Furthermore the inhomogeneous outer surface of the vapour cell would degrade the mode quickly. This is counteracted by placing these two substrates with optical quality surfaces.
The atomic cell itself with the attached substrates, still acts as a type of ball lens. To compensate this effect an additional anti reflection coated plano-convex lens is placed inside the cavity. This arrangement of optical components and cavity mirrors resembles an effective hemispherical resonator.
Since the cavity will be part of the highly sensitive magnetometer it has to be assembled from selected non magnetic materials. Their magnetic properties were carefully experimentally verified to not interfere with the magnetometer operation. The housing for the cavity and holders for the plano-convex substrates where 3D printed using thermo plastic. The main body of the mirror and lens holders were made of acrylic (PMMA - polymethyl methacrylate). To adjust the angle of the mirrors and lenses a design utilizing Nylon screws and flexible rubber strings was implemented.
A piezo attached to one of the cavity mirrors allows active stabilization of the cavity length prior to a measurement. During a measurement, which lasts about 5-10 seconds, the low finesse cavity is sufficiently stable to be operated in passive mode without active stabilization. For cavities with a higher finesse where drift stability is crucially important active stabilization could, in principle, be periodically applied during the off-cycles of the amplitude modulated pump-probe beam.

\subsection*{Calibration of the cavity transmission signal.}
\label{cavity_calibration}
Figure \ref{fig:cavity-transmission} shows the transmission signal of a probe beam passing the cavity assembly. Frequency adjustment of a probe beam periodically changes the transmitted light intensity according to the Airy function dependence $I_{T}=(\frac{I_{0}}{1+F \sin(\delta/2)}).$ Here $F$ denotes the coefficient of Finesse and $\delta$  the optical path length. To get an absolute frequency reference a saturated absorption spectrum is recorded during probe beam detuning. The known separations between optical transitions in the spectrum are then used to calibrate the cavity free spectral range  $FSR = 2\pi*954$ MHz and linewidth  $\delta \nu  = 2\pi*75$ MHz (FWHM) leading to a finesse of $F=12.7$.

\subsection*{Shape of the AMOR signal.}
\label{AMOR_shape}
  The line shape of the demodulated optical rotation signals seen in Figure \ref{fig:NMOR-signal} is caused by the phase shift of the forward scattered light field induced by atomic alignment of the ground state and can be well described by a dispersive Lorentzian profile\cite{Malakyan}.\\
 In the regime around $B_{z}\sim 0$, where $\Omega_{L}<<\Omega_{m}$ and $\Omega_{L}<\Gamma_{relax}$, with $\Gamma_{relax}$ denoting the relaxation rate of ground state coherences, alignment relaxes before a full period of optical rotation occurs. In our setup relaxation is dominated by depolarization due to atom-wall and spin-exchange collisions. The measured relaxation rate for our paraffin coated cell at room temperature is $\Gamma_{relax}=2\pi*4.4$ Hz (data from Prof. A. Weis, Université de Fribourg).
 When $\Omega_{L}\sim\Gamma_{relax}$, average atomic alignment has its axis rotated with respect to the incident light polarization by an angle $\phi<\pi/4$ and therefore causes optical rotation and the appearance of a resonance\cite{budker1}. Here, in contrast to conventional single-beam AMOR signals, the central resonance around $B_{z}\sim 0$ is strongly suppressed.  We attribute the disappearance of this resonance in our set-up to the unique conditions inside a cavity enhanced cell. Atoms moving through the cavity field experience optical pumping at different times depending on their position within the cavity modes leading to a dephasing and averaging out of the collective magneto-optical rotation signal.
 The increase in the vertical offset of the $1^{st}$-order resonances at increasing B-fields in Figure \ref{fig:NMOR-signal} is caused by the transit time limited Faraday effect\cite{gawlik2}. There atoms are pumped, precess and are interrogated during a single pass through the cavity field. The measured background rotation factor of $ \delta \phi /\delta B  = 0.588$ mrad/mG from the transit effect resonance has a width of $\sim$71 mG limited by the transit rate $\Gamma_{t}=2\pi*25$ kHz.

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


For me this book stands out because of the main character: Chet Walker, a travelling musician, who arrives in Lucky Shores, a sleepy, Colorado, small town that has its shares of secrets, history and under-currents. His narrative and perspective on the town as an outsider is humorous and easy to relate to; he is a very watchable man.
When he meets Joey and delivers a message from her father, things are not going as smoothly as he had planned. The chemistry between the two of them and their changing relationship is well done and provides a great interest as the rest of the complex story unfolds.


Like most premium international lifestyle or fashion magazines in India, the latest issue of Vogue too carries a truck load of glossy ads. A majority of those ads are for luxury or super-premium global brands. The Versaces, Guccis and Louis Vittons are all there. Most of the ads have a common, familiar pattern: minimal copy, visual driven with either a model or the product in focus. A quirky or distinct visual aided by stunning photography is also common.
Such ads have been common in the high end fashion or luxury segment especially among globally recognized, sought-after iconic brands. Some high-end fashion, jewelry and boutique brands from India are also following a similar pattern in their advertising. But somehow when they try the same 'format' (there were a few in that issue) it doesn't work as well in most cases. With some brands you feel that it is trying too hard to 'belong' to the club – almost a wannabe. What is common to clutter breaking-ability (be it global or Indian luxury brands) is minimalism and great execution. The ad could very well be about a model staring into camera and the logo but some element in the execution sticks out – it could be the visual style, a color, an unexpected element (like a Sanskrit headline in one of the Indian boutique ads). So its all about the aura, mystique of the brand which allows for such ads to break clutter even if the campaign idea was the execution?


I finished Red Faction: Guerilla, and I think I enjoyed the last third of the game even more. So RFG takes its place, quite rightly, in my Hall Of Fame, which is quite a small place, even though I've been playing games for over twenty years.
I can't remember the last time I played a game that was so consistently fun all the way through. The designers absolutely knew what they wanted this game to be, and they absolutely succeeded. The average review score of 85 for this game on Metacritic is just laughable--this is a 95, at least, one of those games that comes along once a year (if we're lucky).
Here's one more note, and I was reminded to mention this by a reader who e-mailed yesterday with the same experience. It's possible to change difficulty during the game, if you need to, but if you haven't started playing yet, I'd highly recommend beginning on the lowest difficulty. This game is all about adrenaline, and dying is a buzzkill. You'll still die on the lowest difficulty, and you'll still need to play intelligently, but you'll die less often, and you can do much more experimentation, which is what makes this game so much fun.
I've also decided that, going forward, every game should be required by law to have a jet pack. First-person shooter? Must have a jet pack. Cooking simulation? Must have a jet pack. Sports game? Must have a jet pack.
It's not me. It's the law.


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text:
COVID-19: Night curfew imposed in Telangana till April 30
On Tuesday, the state government of Telangana have announced a night curfew till April 30 amid a surge in COVID-19 cases.
NationalHot News
By Shefali Fernandes Last updated Apr 20, 2021
On Tuesday, the government of Telangana has imposed a night curfew in the state which will remain till April 30. The night curfew will be in place from 9 pm to 5 am with immediate effect, according to orders issued by Chief Secretary Somesh Kumar.
The decision was taken in tune with the measures suggested by the Ministry of Home Affairs to prevent the spread of Covid-19. On April 19, Telangana reported 5,926 new Coronavirus cases, 2,209 recoveries, and 18 deaths; case tally at 3,61,359 and active cases 42,853, reported news agency ANI.
News agency ANI tweeted: "Government of Telangana announces night curfew in the state from 9 PM to 5 AM. The order comes into effect immediately and will remain imposed till May 1st. Essential services to remain exempted."
Check out the tweet:
Government of Telangana announces night curfew in the state from 9 PM to 5 AM. The order comes into effect immediately and will remain imposed till May 1st. Essential services to remain exempted. pic.twitter.com/0u4ePfcMo0
— ANI (@ANI) April 20, 2021
Here's what all is allowed and what is not:
All offices, firms, shops, establishments, restaurants, etc shall close at 8 pm.
Hospitals, diagnostic labs, pharmacies, and essential services suppliers will be allowed.
Movement of people shall be prohibited from 9 pm onwards.
Government officials, medical personnel, and people coming from or going to airports, railway stations, bus stands on the production of a valid ticket, among others.
No restriction on inter-state and intra-state or transportation of essential and non-essential goods. No separate pass will be required.
Public transport services including autos and taxis shall be allowed to function within the given time for the transportation of exempted categories of people during the period of night curfew.
Any violation shall result in prosecution under Sections 51 to 60 of Disaster Management Act 2005 and Section 188 of IPC as well as other applicable laws.
ALSO READ: India: COVID-19 Vaccine To All Above 18 Years From May 1
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Congress leader Rahul Gandhi tests positive for COVID-19


Source: CICH graphic created using data adapted from the National Collaborating Centre on Aboriginal Health. 2016. Infographic: Culture and language as social determinants of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis health.
In 2006, 56% of Inuit children and youth aged 6 to 14 years participated in cultural activities.
That was the case for 43% of First Nations (off-reserve) children and youth and 33% of Métis children and youth.
Research has indicated that strong cultural identity contributes to resilience and is a protective factor for at-risk Indigenous communities.1 Building a positive cultural identity should begin early in order for children to grow to become healthy contribute to their community in a positive way, and to ensure the survival of their culture.2 Participation in traditional activities is a cornerstone of building a positive cultural identity.
1Chandler, M.J., & Lalonde, C. (1998). Cultural continuity as a hedge against suicide in Canada's First Nations. Transcultural Psychiatry, 35, 191-219; McIvor, O., Napoleon, A., & Dickie, K.M. (2009). Language and culture as protective factors for at-risk communities. Journal of Aboriginal Health, November, 6-25.
2Government of Canada. (2013). Aboriginal children: The healing power of identity. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada, https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/childhood-adolescence/programs-initiatives/aboriginal-head-start-urban-northern-communities-ahsunc/aboriginal-children-healing-power-cultural-identity.html -accessed September 23, 2017.


Lesser waiting time for the pretty printouts!
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text:
Proserpine woman Teresita Mcgowan pleaded guilty to money laundering in Mackay District Court. Mcgowan sent the money to offshore accounts for her online lover Darryl. Facebook
Tangled web of online love, deceit and money laundering
by Ashley Pillhofer
5th Aug 2019 5:00 AM | Updated: 8th Aug 2019 5:15 AM
A POLICE tip-off about a rudimentary lotto scam revealed a tangled web of internet love, deceit and shady offshore deposits happening in our region.
Teresita Guspid Mcgowan began an online relationship with the unknown man only referred to as "Darryl", telling police the pair were "in love".
Court documents revealed she transferred large sums of money from Darryl into offshore accounts.
But the relationship was exposed for what it really was when police, armed with search warrants, raided the 63 year old's Prosperine home last September.
Mcgowan, who was visibily filled with regret in Mackay District Court on Friday, pleaded guilty to one count of money laundering.
Court documents reveal she helped launder more than $16,000 over eight days in May 2018, using a service called World Remit to send the money overseas. The documents did not detail where the money was sent.
The money arrived in an account Mcgowan opened in May 2018 as four separate cash deposits from Tewantin, Singleton, Bankstown and Brookside, which ranged in value from $11,000 to $300.
When police searched her home on September 11, 2018, records on her seized mobile phone showed she was still in contact with Darryl and they were still discussing transferring money abroad.
Police searched Mcgowan 's home after suspicious activity was tracked to her BSB and account details after a man scammed out of $5,600 reported the incident to police.
According to court documents, the man received a message claiming he had won $800,000 in a lottery prize but needed to pay a registration fee of $1600 to access the cash.
He made this initial payment to an account the scammers nominated.
On May 24, he was directed to transfer an additional $4000 into an account registered to Mcgowan.
After receiving further correspondence after this deposit, he became suspicious and reported the matter to police.
The court heard police officially warned Mcgowan of the substantial risk posed by transferring money overseas a year before her offending.
Court documents said she was not alleged to have been directly involved in scamming victims or that she profited financially from her offences- but it noted she was aware, by virtue of her warning, there was a substantial risk the property was tainted.
Barrister Stephen Byrne for Mcgowan told the court she immigrated to Australia almost 24 years ago and had lived a modest but law-abiding life in Australia.
"Ms Mcgowan is sorry for her part in these scams, and instructs she has learned her lesson," he said.
"She immediately blocks any messages from the Darryl person if and when he contacts her."
Court documents show Mcgowan denied her involvement in money laundering when she was questioned by police after the raid on her home.
She told officers she was in love with Darryl and, aside from a $1000 deposit in her account by a friend of his, she had received no other large sums of money.
Her bank statements discredited this claim.
Judge Deborah Richards said Mcgowan's offending was aggravated by her previous warning concerning sending money overseas.
"You knew you should not do this," she said.
Mcgowan was sentenced to 12 months jail to be suspended immediately.
A conviction was recorded.
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Home Blog Maritime Accidents Could a Navy Ship Leave You in Danger of Asbestos Related Diseases?
Thanks to a significant reduction in the use of asbestos starting in the 1980s, most of us no longer have to worry about exposure to asbestos wreaking havoc on our lives. But despite those actions, exposure to asbestos still kills between 12,000 and 15,000 Americans every year.
Part of the reason there are still so many deaths is that victims often don't see the effects of asbestos until decades after exposure.
And if you worked in an industry or location such as a navy ship where you experienced daily exposure to the deadly material, you may have questions and concerns.
If you're worried about navy asbestos exposure, keep reading. We're sharing with you the connection between asbestos aboard Navy ships and your health.
Many people equate asbestos exposure with buildings but buildings weren't the only structures where you can find asbestos lurking. Prior to 1980, the US Navy built vessels using asbestos.
Asbestos on navy ships is everywhere. The Navy chose to use asbestos due to its resistance to heat and chemical damage, tensile strength, and its budget-friendly price tag.
And you'll find tons of asbestos on ships. There are over 300 asbestos-containing materials used. Everywhere from sleeping quarters to mess halls and boiler rooms all contain materials made from asbestos.
Luckily, in the mid-1970 people started realizing the health risks caused by exposure to asbestos.
While today there are fewer products containing asbestos aboard Navy ships and shipyards, there is still a threat of exposure. That's because it's still permissible to use asbestos if they can't find a suitable alternative.
And while the Navy tries to remove as much existing asbestos from its ships, it's no easy feat. Asbestos because more brittle as it ages. Removal is tedious and hazardous to workers and they must follow strict safety guidelines to keep themselves safe.
Also, despite the Navy's actions to remove the hazardous material, it's not uncommon to find it aboard today's ships.
Unfortunately, exposure to asbestos is easier than you think. When someone works aboard a ship built using asbestos materials, they inhale the asbestos fibers. Those fibers embed themselves in the layer of tissue surrounding the lungs.
Asbestos causes genetic and cellular damage that cause tumors and mesothelioma cancer. And it doesn't happen right away. Instead, the damage happens over the course of several decades.
And once the toxins are in your lungs, there is nothing you can do to remove them. They stay in your lungs forever, continuing to wreak havoc on your health.
Those who developed asbestos-related diseases while working aboard ships and shipyards filed lawsuits against the manufacturers of asbestos products. Veterans do not sue the Navy.
While pleural mesothelioma and peritoneal mesothelioma are two of the most commonly known diseases caused by asbestos exposure, they're not the only diseases these toxic materials cause.
There are varying signs and symptoms of asbestos-related lung diseases. Much of it depends on which disease it is and how much damage to your lungs you have. And unfortunately, you won't notice signs or symptoms until 10 to 40 years after your exposure to asbestos.
With asbestosis, shortness of breath during physical exertion is a sign. Dry coughs and feeling tired are also signs. Your doctor may also notice a crackling sound as you breathe in.
With pleural plague, there are often no signs. However, one sign is feeling pain on one side of your chest.
Lung cancer may show up as a bad cough that gets worse or won't go away. Trouble breathing, constant chest pain, and coughing up blood are other signs of lung cancer.
Mesothelioma often comes with shortness of breath and chest pain.
A doctor performs a physical exam and takes a chest x-ray to check out your lungs. They'll ask you questions such as how long and how much asbestos you think you were exposed to.
Your primary care physician may refer you to a specialist if they find something. They may refer you to a Pulmonologist who specializes in treating lung diseases.
A radiologist who is trained to look at x-rays can give an accurate diagnosis. A pathologist can help study tissue samples for an accurate diagnosis.
A surgeon or oncologist can diagnose and treat your form of cancer.
Other tests may be necessary such as a chest computed tomography scan which shows a more detailed x-ray of your lungs. A biopsy can determine if you have cancer or mesothelioma.
Lung function test can show how impaired your lung function is. It's also useful to track your disease over time.
Thankfully, the US Department of Veterans Affairs recognizes most diseases caused by military asbestos exposure as a form of disability. As a result, you can file a VA disability compensation claim for both non-malignant and malignant diseases.
If you suffer from multiple diseases caused by exposure to asbestos, you can request financial compensation for both diseases. You have the right to apply for VA disability compensation for each disease you have caused by asbestos exposure.
And you can also file for asbestos trust funds compensation in addition to your VA claim(s). However, you must suffer from a diagnosed condition in order to file a claim.
It's your responsibility to provide sufficient proof between exposure during your time of service and your current health condition. Denied claims happen often due to the patient's inability to prove cause and effect.
Also, if you were dishonorably discharged, you are not entitled to compensation.
If you suffer from mesothelioma and/or asbestosis you do NOT have to provide any additional evidence to support your claim. That's because these two illnesses are only caused by asbestos exposure.
However, those who are ill from other diseases have to submit written evidence provided by a medical specialist when applying for compensation from the VA. You can apply for benefits for health care and monetary compensation.
In order to file a claim for disability compensation, you'll need to provide evidence to support your claim.
You'll need medical records stating your illness or disability. You'll also need service records listing your job or specialty. And lastly, you'll need a doctor's statement declaring a correlation between your exposure to asbestos during your military service and the illness and/or disability you suffer with now.
This is done to prove that at least 50% of your exposure to asbestos occurred while you were serving in the military. Otherwise, they can deny your claim stating the disease was caused by exposure during your life as a civilian.
Write your summary as if the VA rating officer reading over your case has no previous knowledge of asbestos products or even military job duties. Especially if your role in the military wasn't around official construction or repair roles but rather your cleaning and maintenance duties put you in contact with asbestos dust.
There are several key details to include in your summary to ensure your claim is granted rather than denied. Mention what brand of the military you served in and the dates you served.
List all bases and/or ships you were assigned to as well as your role and duties aboard the ship. If you can, list all materials containing asbestos that you lived and worked around during your service.
Mention any activities that exposed you further to asbestos dust. And if the military failed to provide you with any asbestos safety training and also failed to give you protective gear when working near asbestos, put it in your summary.
Your goal is to convince the military that your illness and/or disability ties directly to your exposure to asbestos during your time in service. Which means you have to discuss your civilian life in your summary as well.
List every position you've held in your life outside of the military. If any of your civilian jobs exposed you to asbestos, mention this in your summary.
Discuss when and where you received your asbestos-related diagnosis. Lastly, talk about all the treatments you've received so far.
Besides your hand-written summary, you'll need a few documents to back up your claims. Begin by filling out the application for disability compensation (DIC).
Keep and include any medical records related to your asbestos-related illness. You'll also need a medical nexus letter.
You will also need your military discharge papers and a summary discussing your exposure to asbestos.
Include any marriage and divorce documents, if applicable.
If you work or worked on a navy ship, you're at risk of developing an asbestos-related disease or illness. And the process to apply for benefits isn't easy.
We can help. Our firm is dedicated to helping victims get the compensation they deserve. Call us today to schedule a consultation.