Oral argument in the landmark freelance writers' rights case, Reed Elsevier v. Muchnick, will be heard at the Supreme Court of the United States on Wednesday, October 7, at 11 a.m. Eastern time. The transcript of the session should be published within hours at http://www.supremecourtus.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts.html.
The question before the Court is: "Does 17 U.S.C. Sec. 411(a) restrict the subject matter jurisdiction of the federal courts over copyright infringement actions?"
In 2007, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, in an unprompted or sua sponte ruling, answered that question in the affirmative, thus invalidating a global settlement of a copyright dispute between freelance writers and periodical publishers and their electronic database licensees. The settlement was in a consolidation of class actions called In re Literary Works in Electronic Databases Copyright Litigation. That settlement, in turn, was an offshoot of the 2001 Supreme Court case Tasini v. New York Times. A slate of objectors had opposed the approval of the settlement in 2005 by the U.S. District Court in the Southern District of New York, and appealed to the Second Circuit. The Supreme Court this year renamed the case Reed Elsevier v. Muchnick.
Wednesday's Supreme Court argument time has been allocated to Charles Sims of Proskauer Rose (counsel for lead petitioner Reed Elsevier); U.S. Solicitor General Elena Kagan (arguing the government's position, which also advocates for reversal of the Second Circuit's jurisdiction ruling); and Deborah Jones Merritt (appointed by the Supreme Court to defend the Second Circuit decision). The attorneys for the objector-respondents -- Charles Chalmers and the Stanford Law School Supreme Court Litigation Clinic, directed by Pamela Karlan and Jeffrey Fisher -- will not be making oral arguments. Nor will the attorneys for the named plaintiffs.
High Court watchers will be studying not only whether the justices overturn the Second Circuit, but also how they arrive at their decision. The grounds for the ruling will have a major impact on whether this settlement could be saved and how those efforts would proceed. The highly publicized Google Books settlement, which is currently delayed by objections at the district court level, also could be affected by how Reed Elsevier v. Muchnick plays out.
Congratulations to The Washington Monthly on Two Decades of Willful Copyright Infringement!
"Reed Elsevier v. Muchnick" Is About the Hijacking of "Tasini v. Times"


Lawrence and I had a fantastic week. The list of cases does not really do them justice. The retroperitoneal tumor cases had the portal vein and SMV splayed over it. I originally thought it was unresectable but the poor girl was only 17 so I tried. I ended up debulking it and hope it was a neuroendocrine tumor. We introduced the concept of "Damage Control Elective Surgery in a Resource Constrained Environment". We had only one unit of blood (we were called to the OR to help others who started the case and first met the patient on the OR table). I packed the patient and took her back to the OR the next day for definitive closure after resuscitating her in the ICU. She is now fine. The next day we did a gigantic spleen with a splenic artery aneurysm. The spleen was the most difficult I have ever done with extensive adhesions and I originally thought the splenic artery aneurysm was a tumor in the tail of the pancreas as it was rock hard until I realized it was pulsatile and expansile. The incarcerated scrotal hernia case had a liter of intestinal contents in the tunica vaginalis. We opened the abdomen and controlled the blood supply of the incarcerated viscera before opening the rectus for about 2 cm to permit reduction of the hernia—another great case.
On Thursday I drove 12 hours to a Mission Hospital at Haidom, a place in the middle of nowhere, two hours by dirt road from the nearest town on a maintained road. One of the Tanzanian residents invited me to visit his home hospital. Most of the surgery there is done by assistant medical officers—non MDs who are trained to do surgery. One I met there is about my age and a reasonably skilled orthopedist who was also doing burr holes and prostatectomies. While there, I did a suprapubic prostatectomy and helped an assistant medical officer re-explore an abdomen two weeks after a hysterectomy—she began to discharge blood from the vaginal cuff. The abdomen was filled with old clot and the intestines had multiple points of obstruction but we found no definite source of bleeding. The burden of disease there was immense. The wards were filled with patients, literally about six inches between the beds so that you could hardly move between the beds. I saw a 25-year-old man with a large untreated malignant melanoma of the foot, a groin full of nodes and the largest liver I have seen in quite some time obviously filled with tumor. They next presented a 30-year-old very wasted man with a huge retroperitoneal tumor that looked like it was going to necessitate out of the abdomen. Finally, I saw a poor woman with a fungating carcinoma of the breast who unfortunately also had a malignant pericardial effusion with tamponade physiology. There was a five-year-old boy who had been bitten by a snake and had had a fasciotomy. He had a large granulating wound of the leg. I was going to cover it with a skin graft but the anesthetist and the nurses decided he was not ready for a graft!! There were no trained surgeons in the entire hospital. Those are the patients I saw, and there were many more.
Lawrence and Jessica are leaving tomorrow to attend the annual meeting of the Congress of Surgeons of Eastern, Central and Southern Africa in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. This is a wonderful opportunity. Jessica is presenting data on the epidemiology of inguinal hernia in Tanzania. We listened to her presentation this morning and it is excellent. I will continue to work here clinically with the Tanzanian faculty and staff for the week they are away.


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Björn Jonathan Näslund, född 1 augusti 1986, är en svensk dansare. Han började dansa när han var 11 år. På 10 år har han vunnit 14 SM-medaljer varav 6 är SM-guld.

Näslund är gift med Oksana Näslund (tidigare Spichak). Tillsammans har de två barn.

Let's Dance
2007 medverkade Jonathan Näslund i TV-programmet Let's Dance där han dansade med skådespelerskan Ebba Hultkvist. Där kom de på en 5:e plats. 2009 medverkade han i programmet med Isabella Löwengrip. 2010 medverkade han med Molly Sandén.

Näslund dansade med Ellen Bergström i 2017 års upplaga av programmet.

Referenser

Svenska dansare under 2000-talet
Män
Levande personer
Födda 1986

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


On 18 January, Yves Mersch, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, gave a keynote speech on card payments in Europe.
In his opening remarks, he recalled that besides cash, card payments are the most widely used payment instrument in Europe. Despite new payment solutions, there is a huge growth potential for card transactions in the European Union and in particular in central and south-eastern Europe.
In order to unleash this growth potential, he claimed the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) for cards has to become a reality. It will allow a harmonised, competitive and innovation cards payment area. Three areas are critical to its realisation: standardisation, interoperability and security. When it comes to security, Yves Mersch observed that two-thirds of all fraud losses on cards issued within SEPA countries is related to CNP transactions. To fix it, the implementation of strong customer authentication is indispensable.
Another interesting trend is the emergence of innovative payment solutions. This new competition will impact the usage of cards, the payment behaviour and will pose many challenges. For instance, the distributed ledger technologies (as Blockchain) could have a strong impact on the whole financial system.
All these innovations mean more choice for consumers and businesses. But the payment solutions have to be secure and efficient and play with the same rules. Yves Mersch said that the revised Directive on Payment Services (PSD2) and the interchange fees regulation (IFR) have laid down the needed rules and provide the required clarity.


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Microsoft's final CES keynote will be in 2012, bad timing to blame
Darren Murph|December 21, 2011 12:15 PM
Woo, boy. The CEA's none too happy about this, we're sure. Microsoft has just announced that its final CES keynote will happen in 2012. After that?
"We'll continue to participate in CES as a great place to connect with partners and customers across the PC, phone and entertainment industries, but we won't have a keynote or booth after this year because our product news milestones generally don't align with the show's January timing."
That's according to Frank X. Shaw, VP of Corporate Communications at Microsoft, who goes on to say that this industry is moving fast and changing even faster, and in an effort to attack the needs and demands of consumers in a hastier fashion, it simply cannot be held to a yearly schedule where one major show dictates the timing of a given release. It's important to note that Microsoft isn't pulling out of CES entirely -- you'll still find plenty of staffers roaming the show floor and cutting deals in the backrooms of Vegas-area hotels, but it won't be investing in a huge booth presence after January. It doesn't take a historian to see the trend here. If you'll recall, Apple decided to pretty much do the exact same thing when it pulled out of its yearly MacWorld keynote schedule back in 2008. The company simply felt that it would have more control over its own releases if a certain day on a certain entity's calendar wasn't pulling the strings, and we honestly believe that Microsoft is just the next of many to feel similarly.
While CES is a fantastic event for launching products and drawing eyes, the timing has always struck us as horrific. We were pleased as punch when the CEA pushed the entire thing up a week starting in 2012, but it's still a bizarre window. For one, it immediately follows two major holidays, and furthermore, it's just two weeks after the year's busiest shopping season -- you know, a season where launching new products a few months before would make a lot more sense. We've definitely noticed some level of splintering over the years when it comes to trade shows, and as consumer demands become more and more unshakable, we get the feeling that being nailed to a January launch schedule will grow ever more uncomfortable. Time will tell, eh?
Update: We've just learned of Microsoft's plans for its 2012 keynote; seemingly, it'll be going out sans bang. Ballmer will be focusing on Windows Phone and the Xbox / entertainment story, while also sharing "momentum" for the company as a whole. Nothing major, though. Drat!
ConsumerElectronicsShow
frank shaw
frank x shaw
frank x. shaw
FrankShaw
FrankX.Shaw
FrankXShaw

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Most researchers operate under some variety of mandate to disseminate findings. But formatting research results so that practitioners will find them readable (or listenable) is far from an automatic result. Something more is needed. We looked into various kinds of "translation service," as well as other ways of making the search for new ideas and broader perspectives more time-efficient for practitioners. Our conclusions from several years' experiments were published in The Conflict Resolution Practitioner. This monograph was published in spring, 2001 by the Office of Dispute Resolution, Supreme Court of Georgia, in conjunction with the Consortium on Negotiation and Conflict Resolution, a joint center of Georgia State University and Georgia Institute of Technology. It features a theme-setting article by Christopher Honeyman, Bobbi McAdoo and Nancy Welsh, as well as an article by Jeffrey M. Senger and Christopher Honeyman describing what it takes to introduce important theories to skeptical practitioner audiences -- in this case, assistant U.S. Attorneys.
fostering a full-scale academic unit devoted to developing the interface between dispute resolution / law and journalism. Initial discussions with three of the U.S's leading journalism schools led to a focus on one, at the University of Missouri, which also harbored one of the leading law-school-based ADR programs. The final result, after great deal of work by faculty in both schools, was the creation of a joint program which continues to this day. Among its offerings are four different graduate joint degree programs.
This activity added up to a large percentage of the overall work of Theory to Practice. Many of the specific publications have since been superseded, however, so only the key ones are included in these pages.


Do you find cosmetics time consuming first thing in the morning? Are you tired of drawing on your eyebrows everyday? Wish you could wake up with perfectly defined make-up, imagine waking up every 24 hours 7 days a week with perfectly applied make-up, that will last all year - smudge free and always looking your best. Permanent Make-up also known as (Semi-Permanent and Micropigmentation) is a form of cosmetic tattooing.
Semi-Permanent Make-up is a Perfect Solution.
It is definitely a solution that will transform your look and indeed for those with alopecia or undergoing chemo-therapy, people with very sparse eyebrows would benefit (due to over plucking or minor scar tissue within the brow or lashes) and for women who want the confidence that their Brows, Lips & Eyeliner will always look perfect 24/7.
You will look beautiful from first thing in the morning to last thing at night and whether you are a busy mum, business woman or on holiday, in a swimming pool, at the gym or simply sun-bathing, Semi-Permanent Make-up by HazelDiamond.com will transform your confidence. It's Creative - It's Artistic - It's Perfect for any client looking to enhance their Eyebrows naturally, with 3D Hair by Hair Stroke simulation, giving Contour and Definition to the Eyes & Lips.


During checkout your Canadian pharmacy will ask you to log in or create your account with them. They don't need to pay for rent, employee's fees along with other miscellaneous fees because these pharmacies are online. The purchasing of drugs through on the internet is a very simple process.
We have a very team of professional Pharmacists who are with the service all of the time. An Internet pharmacy is simply an online store; a web site that sells medicines for the web. " Another great article to adopt a look at is "Why Should I Become a Pharmacist.
You must also enter your individual details and payment details. You should boost your written and verbal communication skills. Abnormal changes occur triggering genetic changes accountable for increasing chance of cancer.
While there is a small chance you can get laid off (for example, if the chain supermarket closes some stores) you shouldn't have much problem finding another job. Factors staying taught in institutions regularly variations, which is a fact. Make certain you take some time to ask about a cheaper version so they really will look at the list.
Companies that usually do not give online privacy policies could have you getting unsolicited mail and purchasers calls coming from a variety of businesses for months to come. Using this info, after this you carefully craft a sales presentation. Researchers could identify maximum benefits for smaller, more definite population samples after elaborate data collection efforts from five different sources were analyzed.


The first thing we, at jamie-alexander.com, have detected is the cheap prices of the shared web space hosting accounts furnished by 'Free Hostia'. Shared doesn't sound very well, does it? Well, that's what it is called: shared web hosting. The good news here is that the web site hosting plans provided by 'Free Hostia' are driven by a custom created, futuristic cloud web hosting platform (each hosting service, like mail, databases, site hosting Control Panel, disk space, DNS, stats, etc., is being handled by an individual pack of web hosting servers in a cluster). This is something ANY cPanel web hosting corporation in the World will have great complications with, since cPanel is a single server based webspace hosting environment (each hosting service, like email, databases, Control Panel, web space, DNS, statistics, and so on, runs on one single web server), cPanel is not open source (hence the cPanel web hosting corporations are not able to add new functionality and manipulate it the way they want it) and there is no open source file platform (they have to set up their own file system), which is at the bottom of any cloud web hosting service. Let's return to the shared web page hosting accounts, which are powered by an authentic cloud web space hosting platform. With a shared web space hosting package, each client pays only for his/her plan, thus retaining the website hosting price very low (since numerous users use one and the same hosting server). In short, a shared hosting account, which runs on a cloud web space hosting system, allows you to pay just for the resources that you indeed demand, precluding a situation where you pay for a powerful web space hosting account that you cannot truly use, or for a tiny web page hosting account that cannot shelter your web site. The option to upgrade your account from one package to another with only two mouse clicks gives you the flexibility to start with a basic plan and upgrade as your web site expands. So, you economize cash that you can invest in advertising the site while it is still new. Each and every webspace hosting account offered by 'Free Hostia' offers an online web site builder and more than forty widely used script-driven software platforms such as WordPress, Joomla, Zen Cart and Moodle that will spare you hundreds of dollars for web site design solutions. 'Free Hostia' furnishes shared web hosting accounts in a number of different regions around the World. There is one datacenter facility in Chicago encompassing the United States and Canada; 2 European data center facilities - in England and in Scandinavia; and another one in Australia, which covers the Asia Pacific. Thus, nearly the whole Globe is covered to supply you and your web site's visitors with a steady and reliable web hosting solution at a preferred location. On the whole, the shared hosting solutions supplied 'Free Hostia' are very well stocked and are available at an excellent price (beginning from $0.00 for the Chocolate plan).
To clients with little or no practice, a VPS server may appear complicated to handle. That's perhaps why 'Free Hostia' also hosts semi-dedicated web hosting servers in its main US datacenter facility in Chicago. Administering these plans is comparable to administering a conventional shared package through a web page hosting CP interface. They have all the functionalities of a shared webspace hosting account such as a free-of-cost web site building tool and a web application installer, but the amount of system resources offered by a semi-dedicated web server hosting account is many times larger than that of a shared web page hosting package. For example, the CPU power that can be utilized is nearly 5 times as much as compared to the shared website hosting plans. When compared to a shared web page hosting package, the number of database queries included within the semi-dedicated hosting packages is vast: 90 000 / hour. An unmetered hosted domain allowance is a principle too. The semi-dedicated accounts do not ship with full server root privileges (we, at jamie-alexander.com, deem this a small problem), but the plus is that they are managed through the very same webspace hosting Control Panel GUI as the shared web page hosting packages. This implies that a user-friendly graphical environment is accessible by all customers who do not have enough self-condifence to manage a virtual private web server, but at the same time need more power and features than a private virtual server can provide them with. This is like that because of the fact that the semi-dedicated web hosting servers share the resources of the same powerful first-class hosting servers as the ones which accommodate the virtual server hosting accounts, yet, the number of the semi-dedicated servers is very low (somewhere between 20 to 30 per physical machine), whereas the virtual hosting servers can reach a much bigger number (80 to a hundred and twenty per server). Having that info in mind, the semi-dedicated servers furnished by 'Free Hostia' can be dubbed as being quite cheap (as far as price is concerned), commencing from $29.95 for the Boabab plan.
In jamie-alexander.com's opinion, huge web pages such as social networks, community and business web portals or famous online storefronts with 1000s of customers demand a much more powerful site hosting environment. It seems that the folks from 'Free Hostia' have come to the same conclusion too. To fulfil its users' demands, 'Free Hostia' delivers a number of dedicated web hosting servers that can manage millions of daily visits. That assessment stands on the hardware configurations the servers sport: Dual and Quad-core processors, up to four GB of RAM, two thousand GB of disk storage and Gigabit network cards will undoubtedly ensure the fast and stable performance of any sort of site. According to 'Free Hostia', the original hardware specs can be upgraded for more system resource-demanding web sites. We, from jamie-alexander.com, believe that all dedicated server packages offered by 'Free Hostia' are also suitable for starting a hosting reseller business as each hosting server includes free-of-charge invoicing software platform and a bonus domain reseller account. Sadly, the dedicated hosting servers furnished by 'Free Hostia' are all unmanaged. We, at jamie-alexander.com, regard this as a small downside, which can be amended by paying a monthly fee of $32.00 USD. So, if you require support, the Managed Services upgrade includes an assortment of extra services such as a routine backup, software installation, dedicated hosting server monitoring and troubleshooting operations. A selection of site hosting Control Panel (CP) user interfaces are offered with each of the hosting servers - Hepsia, cPanel and DirectAdmin. Our (jamie-alexander.com's) prediction is that the splendid point and click File Manager added in the Hepsia web space hosting CP will perhaps render the utilization of any FTP client futile. Our (jamie-alexander.com's) conclusion is that the dedicated servers offered by 'Free Hostia' don't appear to be very inexpensive (still the Hepsia web site hosting CP and the unmetered hosted domain name quotas will definitely make you smile), commencing from $139.95 for the Arctic plan.


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The Hottest Wives & Girlfriends in Super Bowl LVII MLB News: Kate Upton dazzles in Justin Verlander's third Cy Young ceremony Leicester confirm signing of defender Harry Souttar from Stoke City Saudi Arabia would try to recruit Benzema, Modric and Sergio Ramos! ABT CUPRA's Thomas Biermaier: "It's becoming increasingly clear that this season will be a major challenge"
Home Motor Sport Porsche's Florian Modlinger: "We need to show more consistency with our performance"
Porsche's Florian Modlinger: "We need to show more consistency with our performance"
The TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team are aware of how important "gaining positive momentum" is going to be this season, with Season Nine and Gen3 of the ABB FIA Formula E World Championship set to begin this weekend at the Mexico City E-Prix. Porsche's Formula E Director Factory Florian Modlinger is eager for the German manufacturer to "show more consistency" in the all-electric series, with the German giant's yet to really show what they can do in the championship.
Given Porsche's motorsport pedigree, it is remarkable to think that they've claimed just one win across the last three seasons of the series, with the Stuttgart-based outfit having been a midfield team at best.
There is no hiding the fact that a team with Porsche's resources shouldn't be battling in the midfield, something that Modlinger seemingly recognises. Pre-season for Gen3 has been a challenge for Porsche, who haven't hidden their criticism of how "little time" teams have been given to switch from Gen2 to Gen3, with the new cars being drastically different to their predecessors.
Porsche's Gen3 challenger, the 99X Electric, has had its difficulties in the build-up to Mexico City, with the side likely hoping that they don't run into any technical issues at the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez. Modlinger is aware that starting Season Nine on the front foot will be vital to a positive campaign, but that the team won't know the true pecking order "until after the qualifying session".
"The preparation coming out of season 8 was very labour intensive. We had very little time to get familiar with our new car and refine it on the racetrack. At the end of the day, we're satisfied with the development and we're feeling well-prepared for Mexico. We won't know where we stand in terms of performance until after the qualifying session. The better start you get to the season, the greater the chance of gaining positive momentum and riding the emotional wave that propels you to more successes."
The team do boast a strong line-up for Season Nine, with Pascal Wehrlein having remained with the Germans for a third season. The German driver, though, is joined by Season Six Champion António Félix da Costa, who has joined the Germans from DS Techeetah. Mexico City is a happy hunting ground for Porsche, with the side's only win in the series having come in Mexico last season, thanks to Wehrlein. On that day, the team claimed a one-two, something which gave a glimpse of what Porsche can do in the series.
Modlinger is keen for the team to show what they're "capable of" more often, with the German outfit feeling "confident and optimistic" about the upcoming weekend.
"With the one-two result, the team underlined what it's capable of. We need to show more consistency with our performance in the future. We're heading to Mexico feeling confident and optimistic. We are determined to win again this season and fight to the very end for the world championship title."
Kelvin van der Linde thanks ABT CUPRA for their 'trust and patience' following single-seater debut
Jean-Éric Vergne: DS Penske 'need to understand the origin' of qualifying issues
Mahindra's Frederic Bertrand: Team 'not discouraged' despite 'rollercoaster weekend'
Lucas di Grassi: "Diriyah was a much harder weekend than Mexico"
Africa Eco Race partners with Carta Rallye for 2023
ABT CUPRA Formula E Team's return to the ABB FIA Formula E World Championship is…
Kelvin van der Linde was arguably one of the unsung stars of the show at…
DS Penske's difficult start to the season continued at the Diriyah E-Prix double-header last weekend,…
Mahindra Racing endured a "rollercoaster weekend" at the Diriyah E-Prix double-header, with the Riyadh Street…
It was a difficult Diriyah E-Prix double-header for Lucas di Grassi, with Mahindra Racing's powertrain…
The 2023 Africa Eco Race might have been pushed to 2024, but race officials hope…
The Hottest Wives & Girlfriends in Super Bowl LVII


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Booking & Vendors
Marion County, West Virginia, administrator details 2021 plans for Palatine Park
FAIRMONT, W.Va. (WV News) — After being forced to postpone or cancel many of the planned events at Palatine Park this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Marion County Administrator Kris Cinalli is preparing for a hopeful return to form in 2021.
Usually, Palatine Park hosts events — from concerts to festivals to water ski shows and more — every weekend throughout the summer months, which draw thousands of people to the Fairmont area every year. However, the county was forced to put off many of the planned 2020 events due to the pandemic.
Cinalli said that despite the setback, he is already well into the process of planning the summer 2021 event calendar and, unless anything changes, he's planning it as normal.
"We're moving forward like everything will be a 'go' until they tell us that it's not," Cinalli said. "With everything as serious as it is now, I don't think we'll really try to pound the round peg through the square hole as much. Even with the drive-in style stuff that we were going to do, I think that it's serious enough now that those things may not even be a good idea to take a chance on."
He said the scheduling hasn't been too strenuous this year, primarily because of the fact that many of the canceled 2020 acts have decided to instead hold their shows or events next summer instead.
"We basically rolled over everything that we had to cancel last year," Cinalli said. "That part of it was relatively easy as far as filling the dates. We have a full calendar of events that pretty much looks like last year's, but we have a couple different openers and a couple of different shows that we didn't have lined up last year."
Cinalli also noted that the county is putting several contingencies in place in the event that events won't be able to be held again in their usual form. These plans range from livestreaming concerts for home viewers to leaving the month of September open for any necessary rescheduling.
With these extra plans in place, Cinalli said he's confident the summer festivities will be able to be held.
"Overall, we have a good plan," Cinalli said. "A lot of the agents and people who we're dealing with think that, with the vaccine, things will be back to some kind of normal, at least to where they'll be able to have shows, especially at venues such as Palatine Park. … We should be good by May or June. We have a long way to go before we get there, and safety is still going to be the most important thing … but I think we'll be in good shape."
Marion County Commissioner Randy Elliott said he has total confidence in Cinalli's plan, and he looks forward to the day that hundreds can once again gather at the park and enjoy the nice weather safely.
"All I can hope for is that COVID is getting behind us and that, by the middle of the summer, we can return to some kind of normalcy at Palatine Park to be able to provide entertainment for everybody to enjoy again," Elliott said. "I personally want to see it get back to normal. We were having four or five fishing tournaments a year, and thousands of people attending Palatine. I want things to get back to normal so we can do those things. … I want to see (Palatine Park) full of people."
Cinalli encouraged those interested in next year's Palatine Park events to follow the park's website and Facebook page for updates, and said that, if all goes according to plan, 2021 may be the biggest year for Palatine Park yet.
"If we get the shows in, I think it will be (big), but it's just too hard to tell," Cinalli said. "We just have to see how everything goes. As far as the strength of the shows and entertainment we have lined up, we have a lot of acts coming through that we've never had before, both regional acts and national acts. … We want to be able to get those shows in. After last year, you could have someone just beat a drum up there and people would come and watch if its safe, but I think they will be surprised."
*Originally Published at WVNews.com by John Mark Shaver
Fairmont, West Virginia's, Palatine Park releases early view of 2023 summer show schedule
Marion Co., West Virginia's Palatine Park releases full 2022 summer schedule of events
Officials planning big list of summer events for Fairmont, West Virginia's Palatine Park
Marion Co., West Virginia, Commission announces $500,000 investment into seating, shading Palatine Park
Fairmont West Virginia's Palatine Park offers entertainment, family fun for free of charge
© 2022 Palatine Park | All Rights Reserved | Website by Eleven Eleven Media


Matt Goulding, co-author of the Eat This, Not That! series, shares these mouth-watering recipes for your backyard grill: Grilled Steak Fajitas, Teriyaki Dogs, Grilled Fish Tacos, and more!
Grill This! is available to all registered CBN Online Community members.
I want to barbacue a turkey on the grill. ?


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Q: Compound interest computation on a "non continuous" asset Suppose that there is some equity which yields revenues, when locked in a revenue program.
This equity costs $X$ dollars per unit, and gives $Y$ dollars per unit per second, while the program duration is $Z$ seconds.
Whenever a sufficient amount of revenues has accumulated, it is immediately converted into a new unit, which is then added to the program, producing yet even more revenues.
So when locking $N$ units in that revenue program, I ultimately get back $N$ or more units, and up to $X$ minus epsilon dollars (since more than that would be converted into units).
For example, if:

*

*$X = 60$ (each unit costs $60$ dollars)

*$Y = 0.5$ (each unit yields $0.5$ dollars per second)

*$Z = 80$ (the program duration is $80$ seconds)

*$N = 4$ (locking $4$ units in the program)

Then the flow would be:
+------+---------+---------------------------------------+------------------------+
| time | elapsed | calculation                           | total equity           |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------+------------------------+
|   0  |         |                                       |  0 dollars and 4 units |
|  30  | 30      | 4 * 0.5 * 30 = 60 dollars and 4 units |  0 dollars and 5 units |
|  54  | 24      | 5 * 0.5 * 24 = 60 dollars and 5 units |  0 dollars and 6 units |
|  74  | 20      | 6 * 0.5 * 20 = 60 dollars and 6 units |  0 dollars and 7 units |
|  80  |  6      | 7 * 0.5 *  6 = 21 dollars and 7 units | 21 dollars and 7 units |
+------+---------+---------------------------------------+------------------------+

What general purpose formula can I use in order to calculate the bottom line?
For example, in this case, given:

*

*$X = 60$

*$Y = 0.5$

*$Z = 80$

*$N = 4$
I want to compute the two outputs of 21 dollars and 7 units.
I feel like I should be using some sort of 'compound interest' here, but I'm not really sure how to achieve that.
Thank you very much.
UPDATE:
I believe that in the example above, I need to solve $\sum\limits_{n=4}^{k}\frac{60}{0.5n}=80$ for $k$.
Then the total number of units is $\lceil{k}\rceil$, and the total number of dollars can probably be easily computed following that.
So the general formula to solve for $k$ would be:
$$\sum\limits_{n=N}^{k}\frac{X}{Yn}=Z$$
Is that correct, and if yes, then is there a straightforward (non-iterative) way for solving it?

A: As Wolfram Alpha gave it
$$\sum\limits_{n=N}^{k}\frac{X}{Yn}=Z \implies \psi (k+1)=\psi (N)+\frac{Y Z}{X}$$ Using harmonic numbers instead
$$H_k=H_{n-1}+\frac{Y Z}{X}=A$$
Assuming that $k$ could be large, we could use
$$H_k=\log (k)+\gamma +\frac{1}{2 k}+O\left(\frac{1}{k^2}\right)$$ and neglecting the higher order terms
$$k=-\frac{1}{2 W\left(-\frac{1}{2}e^{\gamma -A}\right)}\tag 1$$ where $W(.)$ is Lambert function.
You also could find very good approximations based on series (have a look at sequences $A118050$ and $A118050$ in $OEIS$ for the coefficients).
You can also have a look here.
For illustration, using $(1)$
$$\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
A & \text{estimate} & \text{solution} \\
 1.5 & 1.94619 &  2.00000 \\
 2.0 & 3.61240 &  3.63868 \\
 2.5 & 6.31967 &  6.33390 \\
 3.0 & 10.7654 &  10.7735 \\
 3.5 & 18.0860 &  18.0907 \\
 4.0 & 30.1505 &  30.1533 \\
 4.5 & 50.0385 &  50.0401 \\
 5.0 & 82.8265 &  82.8275
\end{array}
\right)$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
9 August 2011 / Motoring, Technology
Ford ejects in-car CD players – will you miss them?
Will McManus
The death of physical music CDs has been well-documented and long-predicted. So is it really such a surprise that Ford has announced that it's going to phase out in-car CD players?
The car manufacturer said recently that it plans to eventually ditch the discs and concentrate on its new Sync system, which it says will let you connect your mp3 player to your car's sound system – either through a cable or wireless connection.
And as long as the Sync system doesn't ramp up the cost of a car, I don't think this is necessarily a bad idea.
All the right connections
One of the first things I do when I get into a car is try to connect my iPhone to the stereo systems. I'm not too fussy about how I do this, whether it's through a USB plug or via a wireless Bluetooth connection (which Ford currently uses pretty extensively).
Using a headphone jack is ok, but it's not quite as useful as the previous two methods, as you can't operate the device through your car's controls. You just have to stick it on shuffle and hope that what's selected isn't too cringe-worthy.
But having access to all my music on my iPhone is a very nice luxury, and a big improvement over the days when I carried a stash of about 20 CDs in the car all the time – not least because I don't have to worry about getting my collection nicked (my iPhone stays with me, not the car).
So I'm not exactly concerned about Ford's moves to ditch CD players.
Shock move or gradual change?
However, if you are a driver that uses CDs should you be miffed about the change? Er, no.
I've spoken to Ford about this and it said that it's simply gearing up to respond to customer demand, which has shown a clear trend away from CDs and toward digital music players. Moreover, Ford told me that the move will take quite a long time – in fact, it couldn't even give me a date for when CD players would actually disappear.
I'm not just swallowing the PR waffle on this – think about how long car manufacturers have been trumpeting the arrival of DAB radio. Only now is this starting to become a standard feature on mainstream cars.
Plus, a car's spec doesn't tend to change too much during its lifetime. The latest Focus has only just launched, and the previous version was on sale for six years in total. So, taking all of that into consideration, I think it's unlikely that CDs will disappear completely from Fords until about 2017, at the earliest.
Will we even be buying CDs, let alone care about in-car CD players, in 2017? I'm not convinced – but what about you?
Should car manufacturers ditch CD players?
No (66%, 123 Votes)
I don't care (18%, 33 Votes)
Yes (17%, 31 Votes)
Have CDs had their day?
cars 362
iPod 12
Would you buy refurbished shoes?
Maybe (tell us why in the comments)
What is an EP3 player? Where can I buy needles for my gramaphone?
Chetz says:
Another reason that I will probably not consider a Ford. I have no use for their SYNC, and now they want to put touch screen controls for everything. I don't have an ipod or MP3 player, and really don't need one. Guess I won't need a Ford either.
Legal advice: towbar fitting fail gets technical
Ultra Low Emission Zones: what are your views?
Petrol panic in the UK: what's really going on?
Have you had a problem with a driving school or instructor?


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text:
\section{Examples of ordering mechanisms}\label{appendix:order}
  For the sake of completeness, we will provide a list of examples of ordering mechanisms. They are induced in different domain and consensus protocol designs.
\begin{itemize}
    \item \textbf{Priority gas ordering mechanism }: Sequencers try to solve the KEV by using the greedy approximation algorithm that consists of ordering the transactions by gas price. In this case, if a player is trying to capture an MEV opportunity, it must monitor the mempool and choose an optimal gas price $m$. If a player is trying to front-run a transaction $\texttt{tx}$, with gas price $m$, it is enough to outbid it with $m+\eta$. In this setting, if the gas cost of exploiting this MEV opportunity is $g$, the block-space price of MEV of the uni-agent game is $1$.
    \item \textbf{Flashbots mechanism}: Searchers send bundles to the relayer through a private channel. The Flashbots relayer tries to build the block with the highest profits among all the blocks that can be constructed using the transactions in the public mempool and the Flashbots mempool of bundles. But the bundles have a number of allocation constraints that the Flashbots relayer must account for \cite{MaxEV}. In order to build the block with the highest profit, Flashbots (to our knowledge) uses a greedy approximation algorithm. As described in the Flashbots documentation, a bundle $B$ is ordered by effective gas price / bundle score, which is defined as,
    \begin{equation*}
        sc(B):= \frac{\Delta_{coinbase}+\sum_{tx\in B\setminus \mathcal T\mathcal X} g(tx)m(tx)}{\sum_{tx\in B} g(tx)}
    \end{equation*}
    where $\Delta_{coinbase}$ denotes the direct payment to the miner, $\mathcal T\mathcal X$ is the set of mempool transactions, $g(tx)$ is the gas used by $tx$ and $m(tx)$ is the gas price of $tx$.

    \item \textbf{Random ordering mechanism}:  The transactions included in the next block and the order of transaction execution are probabilistic with a uniform distribution.
    \item \textbf{First input first output mechanism}: The transactions are ordered by the sequencer local's timestamps or by a pseudo-global timestamp such as the one mentioned in \cite{kelkar2020order}. In this sense, players with better geolocation and propagation algorithms will win the MEV game. However, in decentralized systems, this will depend on the leader geolocation that will change randomly per round.
    \item \textbf{Dictatorship/Permissioned mechanism}: The sequencer has its own arbitrary ordering rule, prioritizing transactions of a fixed set of addresses. In this setting, players do not have a lot of freedom to interact or win the MEV opportunity. In other words, the sequencer will censor other players' transactions to prioritize its own extraction. Moreover, this potentially will induce inefficient market prices. However, the block-space price of anarchy is minimized since just one player is extracting it. This rule also models the situation where the miner captures the MEV opportunity, prioritizing its own profitable bundles.
    \item \textbf{Metadata mechanism}: Let $(\{0,1\}^n,\leq)$ be a total ordered set. Transactions and bundles can add a parameter \texttt{nonce}, giving them an associated hash identification. Then the bundles and transactions are ordered by hashes. For example, if a transaction $\texttt{tx}$ with $\texttt{nonce}$ tries to extract a back-running arbitrage opportunity, then a player will try to produce a transaction that extracts the opportunity nonce $\texttt{nonce'}<\texttt{nonce}$.\\
\end{itemize}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
&\multicolumn{1}{l|}{PGA} & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{FSS} & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{R.O.}                 & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{Perms.} & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{MP} \\ \hline
Ethereum (Geth)        & \cmark    & \xmark/$\sim$    & \xmark                     & \cmark               & \xmark                \\ \hline
Polygon         & \xmark    & \xmark    & \cmark                     & \cmark               & \xmark                \\ \hline
BSC             & \cmark    & \xmark    & \xmark                     & \cmark               & \xmark                \\ \hline
Avalanche       & \xmark    & \cmark    & \xmark                     & \xmark               & \cmark                \\ \hline
Arbitrum        & \xmark                        & \cmark    & \xmark                     & \cmark               & \cmark                \\ \hline
Shutter Network & \cmark                        & \xmark                      & \xmark                                        & \cmark                              & \cmark                \\ \hline
Solana          & \xmark    & \cmark    & \xmark                       & \cmark               & \xmark                \\ \hline
Flashbots (alpha-v0.6)      & \cmark    & \xmark    & \xmark/ & \cmark               & \cmark                \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{MEV games features different chains. Perms= Permissionless and MP = Mempool Privacy.}
\end{table}
\section{Flashbots counter-example}\label{appendix:counter}

Let FBR($B_1,...,B_n$) be the revenue using the Flashbots greedy approximation algorithm. Let OTP($B_1,...,B_n)$ be the maximal revenue of the Flashbots combinatorial problem.

\textbf{Claim}: The Flashbots combinatorial auction is not optimal. More specifically,
\begin{equation*}
    \text{inf}\{\frac{\text{FBR}(B_1,...,B_k)}{\text{OPT}(B_1,...,B_k)}:\text{ for }B_1,...,B_k \text{ bundles}\}\leq \frac{1}{\lfloor\frac{L}{g_{min}}\rfloor-1},
\end{equation*}
where $g_{min}$ is the minimal gas consumed by competing bundles and  $L$ is the gas limit of a block.

\textbf{Proof}: Let $B_1,...,B_k$ all the bundles such that, $B_1$ compete with $B_i$ for all $i\not=1$ and $B_i,B_j$ are pairwise non-competing bundles.
Moreover, assume that $B_1$ has gas costs $L/k$ and effective gas bid $m+\varepsilon$ for $\varepsilon>0$ and all the other bundles have gas bid $m$.
Then, the Flashbots algorithm outputs $B=\{B_1\}$, leaving to a sequencers' revenue of $m+\varepsilon$. On the other hand, the optimal valid block is $B=\{B_2,...,B_k\}$ with $m(k-1)$ revenue. The result follows using bundles with gas cost $g_{min}$.

\section{Bot example}
Before the pull request \cite{prfifo}, transactions with the same gas price were randomly ordered, creating incentives for searchers to spam transactions to capture an MEV opportunity. In the following, we will show how a particular MEV bot that captured back running opportunities, was responsible for consuming unnecessary  block space to increase its expected revenue. A lot of examples can be seen using tools such as \verb|mev-inspect-py|. Moreover, we could lower bound  the estimated block space price of MEV by $\approx 7$.
\begin{figure}[!h]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[scale=0.3]{pmev1.png}
    \caption{Total gas used and efficient gas used by bot MEV Bot 0x00...E9a}
\end{figure}
\section{Future Work}

\section{Acknowledgments}

\section{Introduction}

The notion of miner-extractable value (MEV) introduced in \cite{daian2020flash}, and formally defined in \cite{babel2021clockwork}, measures the value that miners can extract by strategically ordering, censoring, and including transactions in a block. In general, block proposers (typically validators or miners), have the power to dictate or influence the inclusion and ordering of pending transactions in a new block. Thus, rational proposers have access to extra rewards per block. However as shown in \cite{daian2020flash}, this power is not limited to block proposers. Blockchain users and bots, usually termed \textit{searchers}, can use strategies like spamming transactions or outbidding competitors to extract MEV themselves. For this and other reasons, the term miner-extractable value has evolved to mean \textit{maximal extractable value}, formally defined in \cite{MaxEV}, which does not limit extraction to block proposers. We often refer to block proposers and searchers as players.

Depending on the network protocol, which we refer to as the domain, and type of MEV being extracted, rational searchers have incentives to take different actions to increase their expected revenue. For example, \cite{daian2020flash} showed that Ethereum, a network with higher propagation latency, incentivises searchers to widen their view of the mempool to outbid their competitors, while domains like Polygon PoS, where the propagation of transactions is probabilistic, incentivises searchers to spam transactions to extract MEV. This motivates a more general formulation of the MEV game presented in \cite{daian2020flash} such that models of rational searcher behaviour can be derived from a domain input.

\vspace{-0.3cm}
\subsection{Our contributions}

The main goal of this paper is to formalise MEV games with a finite number of players under different ordering mechanism and auction designs which are defined by various environment conditions and rules such as latency of players, PoW/PoS consensus, and mempool visibility. To this end, the following topics will be covered:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Inspired by \cite{babel2021clockwork}, we provide a formal definition of MEV and local MEV as an optimization problem constrained by player resources. In our definition, we emphasize relative constraints like capital, software resources, and view of the mempool.
    \item We formally define a more abstract and general MEV game that provides a foundation for analysing the incentives of searchers in different domains.
    \item We also introduce different negative externalities that arise from MEV games, and we formally define the Price of Anarchy in MEV games under different cost functions as a way to quantify their impact. We explore the specific case of block space misuse, which we refer to as the price of MEV, and compute this to characterize and classify different ordering mechanisms.
    \end{itemize}

\subsection{Previous Work}

In Flashboys 2.0 \cite{daian2020flash} Daian et al. proposed a formalization of the priority gas auction (PGA) model and proved mathematically and empirically the existence of Grim-Trigger Nash equilibrium under certain conditions. However, the results are limited to two players and the PoW Ethereum domain, and do not consider reverted transaction costs proportional to the bid or  that players can engage in Sybil attacks. In \cite{kulkarni2022towards}, the authors explore the equilibrium of sandwich MEV as a router game. Likewise, in \cite{weintraub2022flash}, the authors compare empirically the miner's revenue and the searchers competition of arbitrage opportunities before and after the introduction of Flashbots MEV auctions on Ethereum. In \cite{obadia2021unity}, the first formalization of cross chain MEV was proposed. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no formal and empirical study on the impacts of MEV on several distinct domains.

\section{The MEV stage game} \label{section:abstract_game}
In this section, we will consider an abstraction of the PGA model proposed in  \cite{daian2020flash}. We will model and formalize the MEV stage game. In other words, we will formalize the game played for extracting a given MEV opportunity in a specific block. Afterwards, we will define the utility of the players as a function of their balance and the notion of strategy. Finally, we introduce a solution concept of the MEV stage game, the Sybil resistant Nash equilibrium.

We model the MEV game as a sequential game among a set of $n$ searchers $\mathcal P=\{P_1,...,P_n\}$ who can send bundles to obtain an MEV opportunity. We will assume that all players compete for the same MEV opportunity and have sufficient capital to extract it. When a specific player wins the MEV opportunity, it reaches a null MEV state for all players. In the following, we will provide a list of points that will define the MEV stage game. This game will take into account the latency of the players, the duration of the blocks, the mechanism of transaction inclusion, and the costs of improving software, node location, etc.
\begin{enumerate}
    \item  \textbf{Continuous time}: Searchers act in continuous time rather than discrete rounds (as in typical extensive-form games). That is, at any moment in time, players can take an action that, in our case study, will be sending a bundle.
    \item \textbf{Local MEV}: At time $t$, each player $P_i$ finds an MEV opportunity of value $v_i(t)\sim V_i(t)$, (in general, such that $v_i(t)\geq v_i(s)$) for all $t\geq s$, with $\{V_i(t):t\geq0\}$ being a  family of distributions. More specifically, for each time $t$, the player finds a bundle $B$ such that $\Delta b(\texttt{st}\circ B,\texttt{st}) = v_i(t)$.
    \item \textbf{Latency}: Searchers can see each other's actions, but not immediately, due to the latency in the peer-to-peer network. The latency is modeled by a directed weighted graph $G=(E,V)$. Each searcher controls a set of nodes $N_i\subseteq V$. So, if $ P_j$ sends a bundle from a subset of peers $L_j\subseteq N_j$ at time $t_j$, $ P_i$ observe the bundle at time $t=t_j+d(L_j,N_i)$, where $d$ is the non-symmetric distance induced by the weight.
    \item  \textbf{Probabilistic auction duration}: The auction terminates at a randomly drawn time when a new block is mined. We model the block interval as a positive random variable $\mathcal B$.
    \item \textbf{Competitors information}: Players do not necessarily know the number of competitors and their features. However, each player estimates the number of competitors and their behavior.
    \item \textbf{Access to a public correlating device}: Let $(\Omega,\Pr)$ be a probability space. All searchers observe the first drawn $w\in [0,1]$ of a uniform public random variable $X$ (a beacon or the hash of the previous block). This can be used by players to coordinate their actions.
    \item \textbf{Auction Mechanism}: Sequencers have a predefined algorithm that inputs a set of bundles and outputs an order of transactions for inclusion in a block. We will denote this algorithm by the \textit{ordering mechanism}. This ordering mechanism and the characteristics of the MEV opportunity (Back-running, Front-running, sandwich,...) determines the revenue for each player.
    The ordering mechanism and the MEV opportunity determinate an auction $\mathbb A=(\textbf{x},\textbf{pr})$, that is, a pair of maps that take as inputs the set of bundles and a random event and outputs a winner and the payment induced per each player. More formally,
    \begin{align*}
        \textbf{x}:\texttt{View}_s\times\Omega&\rightarrow \mathcal\{x\in\{0,1\}^n:x\cdot\textbf{1}^T\leq 1\}\\
    \textbf{pr}:\texttt{View}_s\times\Omega&\rightarrow \mathbb R^n.
    \end{align*}
    where $\texttt{View}_s$ is the set of transactions seen by the sequencer when constructing the block.
    \item \textbf{External costs}: Players can improve their mempool view, reduce their latency, and improve their software to increase their local MEV. The set of external actions that a player $P_i$ can take rely on a set of actions $\text{A}_i$, and the costs of taking those actions are modeled by a function $c_i:\text{A}_i\rightarrow \mathbb R$.
\end{enumerate}
\begin{definition} Given a set of players $\mathcal P$, a random positive variable $\mathcal B$, a gossip network graph $G$ and an auction mechanism, $\mathbb A=(\textbf{x},\textbf{pr})$, an MEV game is $\mathbb G = (\mathcal P,G, \mathcal B,\mathbb A,(c_i)_{i=1,..,n})$. We say the game is symmetric if all players share the same features.  That is, $V_i=V_j$, $c_i=c_j$ for all $i,j$, $\mathbb A$ are symmetric functions and $G$ is a homogeneous graph.
\end{definition}
The MEV game has a structure of sequential continuous game, and therefore we can define utilities, strategies, and solution concepts such as Nash equilibrium.
\begin{definition} A strategy $S_i$ is a procedure for participating in the MEV stage game and may be probabilistic. $S_i$ takes the following form, for a current time $t$ and a local view $\texttt{view}_i(t)$ of the player $i$:
$    (a,\texttt{view}_i'(t))\leftarrow S_i(t,\texttt{view}_i(t)).$
The output $a$ is the action taken by $P_i$ and is bounded by domain constraints.
The output $\texttt{view}_i'(t)$ is the updated state, that is, $\texttt{view}_i'(t)=\texttt{view}_i(t)\cup\{a\}$. A strategy of a player $i$ is non-adaptive if it does not depend on the local view $\texttt{view}_i(t)$. More formally, for every $t$ and every pair $\texttt{view}_i(t),\texttt{view}_i'(t)\in \texttt{View}_i(t)$, it holds $S_i(t,\texttt{view}_i(t))=S_i(t,\texttt{view}_i'(t))$.
\end{definition}

\begin{definition}
Let $S = (S_1,...,S_n)$ be a strategy tuple, then the \textit{expected payoff of the player $P_i$} is
\begin{equation*}
    u_i(S_i,S_{-i}) := \mathbb E [\Delta b_i\mid S],
\end{equation*}
where $S_{-i}$ is an $n-1$ tuple without the $i$th coordinate. We denote by $\mathbb S_i$ the set of all strategies.
\end{definition}

That is, $u_i(S_i,S_{-i})$ is the expected payoff of player $i$ if they execute the strategy $S_i$, the other players execute the strategy $S_{-i}$ in a domain $\mathcal D$.   Notice that we assume players have a monotone risk-neutral utility over the balances.

\begin{definition} Let $\mathbb G$ be an MEV stage game, we say that a tuple of strategies $(S_1,...,S_n)$ is a \textit{Nash equilibrium} (NE) if for each player $P_i$
\begin{equation*}
    u_i(S_i,S_{-i}) \geq u_i(\tilde{S_i},S_{-i}),\text{ for all strategies $\tilde{S_i}$}.
\end{equation*}
In other words, if players are taking the strategies $(S_1,...,S_n)$, none of them have incentives to deviate unilaterally. We denote NE($\mathbb G$) the set of all Nash equilibrium.
\end{definition}

However, the notion of Nash equilibrium is not strong in permissionless environments. For example, the equilibrium of firms competing in the Cournot price model \cite{ruffin1971cournot} is weak against Sybil attacks. Another example is the equilibrium constructed in the theorem of Flashboys 2.0 \cite{daian2020flash} that proves that exponential raise bidding strategies with grim-trigger area a Nash equilibrium in the game with two players. Nevertheless, one can prove that agents have incentives to use Sybil attacks to maximize their payoff. For this reason, we introduce a stronger notion of a solution concept for MEV games that are resistant to Sybil attacks:
\begin{definition}
Let $\mathbb G$ be a symmetric\footnote{This definition can be extended to non-symmetric games, but we will leave it for future work.} MEV game with $n$ players, and let $\phi :\mathbb N\rightarrow \bigoplus_{i=1}^\infty \mathbb S_i$ be a strategy mapping. A Sybil resistant Nash equilibrium is $\phi$ such that for all $n\in\mathbb N$, $\phi(n)\in \bigoplus_{i=1}^n \mathbb S_i$, and $\phi(n)$ is a Nash equilibrium, where for each $i\in \{1,\ldots,n\}$ and $j\in \{1,\ldots,n+1\}-\{i\}$,
    \begin{align*}
        u_i(\phi(n)_i,\phi(n)_{-i})\geq\; &u_i(\phi(n+1)_i,\phi(n+1)_{-i})\\
        &+u_j(\phi(n+1)_j,\phi(n+1)_{-j}).
    \end{align*}
\end{definition}
The notion of Sybil resistance is important in permissionless pseudo-anonymous environments such as blockchains. Players have the ability to generate additional addresses to take more profits from cooperative strategies. In future work, we will prove that Sybil resistant cooperative Nash equilibrium exist in the priority gas auction in the non-repeated games, and the existence of Sybil resistant equilibrium in games with private mempools.

\section{Price of MEV}\label{section:pricemev}
MEV games have an important impact on users, network congestion, computation overload, and blockchain liveness. On one hand, some MEV opportunities arise from value extracted from users. On the other hand, in general, MEV games induce an inefficient extraction of MEV opportunities, leading to network congestion (e.g. P2P network load), and chain congestion (e.g. block-space usage). In this paper, we will not take into account the negative externalities of MEV on individual users (for example, sandwich attacks and oracle manipulation), but rather the negative externalities that impact the consensus protocol, liveness, chain quality, stake distribution,  etc. Suppose there is an MEV opportunity on a state $\texttt{st}$, with a set of $n$ players that compete to extract it, sending bundles $B_1,...,B_k$. Then, a sequencer, using the ordering mechanism $\textbf{or}$, outputs a block (this order mechanism does not necessarily respect the internal order of the bundles). In this setting, we define the \textit{block space cost} as the gas cost of executing the block built by the ordering mechanism using the bundles, more formally
\begin{equation}
   C(B_1,...,B_k;\texttt{st})=\text{gasUsed}\left(\texttt{st}\circ \textbf{or}(\cup_{i=1}^k B_i)\right).
\end{equation}
We naturally extend the function of cost over strategies by taking the outcome (or the expected outcomes in case of mixed strategies) of the strategies (the broadcasted bundles).
Clearly, ex-post it is trivial to compute the gas cost. However, ex-ante, estimating the gas costs induced by the MEV game is much more complex due to the non-commutative nature of execution costs. Also, other cost functions can be very relevant in some domains. Different MEV games can induce other types of negative externalities, such as wasted resources induced by computation costs\footnote{For example, the energetic costs induced by computing TH/s in blockchains that order transactions by nonce. See \hyperlink{https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/pull/915}{BSC-PR} for more details.} or centralization effects.

In general, self-interested behaviour by strategic players leads to an inefficient result, an outcome that could be improved upon given centralized control over everyone's action \cite{roughgarden2015intrinsic}. Nevertheless, imposing such control can be costly, infeasible or undesirable (due to trust assumptions). This motivates the search for conditions and mechanisms in which decentralized optimization by strategic agents is guaranteed to produce a near-optimal outcome. The price of anarchy (PoA) \cite{roughgarden2005selfish} is a measure that quantifies how far is the worst Nash equilibrium (in the sense of social cost) with respect to
any optimal configuration that minimizes the social cost. More formally, given a cost function $C$ and the set of Nash equilibrium $NE$, the price of anarchy is defined as:
\begin{equation*}
    \text{PoA} = \frac{\max_{S\in NE}C(S)}{\min_{S}C(S)}.
\end{equation*}
Different examples of the study of the price of anarchy can be seen in \cite{christodoulou2005price,roughgarden2015intrinsic,roughgarden2005selfish}. However, the price of anarchy in the MEV game is, in general, not well-defined. For example, assume that two players are competing for extracting the same arbitrage opportunity. Then, as we will see, the block space cost of extracting the arbitrage opportunity will be the sum of gas used by executing both searchers' transactions. However, the minimal cost of the game is zero, since not extracting the MEV opportunity is a feasible outcome. Therefore, the ratio is not defined, leaving an inconsistent definition of the price of anarchy in the MEV game. In the following, we propose a small adjustment to have a well-defined price of anarchy in the MEV game, which we denote as the Price of MEV. This measure tracks the social costs induced by the competition among individually rational agents for MEV extraction in a particular MEV game. More precisely, the Price of MEV is a family of measures parametrized by the social cost functions. This family of measurements can be useful to compare the negative externalities and trade-offs of different MEV games.
Similar to the price of anarchy definition, the price of MEV of game $\mathbb G$ with social cost $C$ is the ratio of the worst Nash equilibrium with respect to the extraction made by the most efficient player in an order-free consensus protocol blockchain.

\begin{definition} Given a cost function $C$, the set of Sybil resistant Nash equilibrium SNE($\mathbb G$), and the set of actions that induce a null MEV state NS, we define the price of MEV as:
\begin{equation*}
    \text{PoMEV}(\mathbb G,n) = \frac{\max_{S\in SNE(\mathbb G)}C(S)}{\text{min}_{S\in \text{NS}}C(S)},
\end{equation*}
where $\text{min}_{a\in \text{NS}}C(a)$ is the minimum cost taken by extracting the MEV opportunity.
\end{definition}

We argue that a more efficient mechanism to extract MEV opportunities (low Price of MEV) can have an important impact on blockchain stability, users utility, and consensus protocol\footnote{Note that we are assuming that the extractable value exists and will be extracted.}. In the case where the cost function is defined over pure strategies, we can extend the definition naturally over the mixed strategies, taking the expectancy of the outcomes.

\section{Conclusions and Future Work}
In this work, we proposed measures to formally study the Nash equilibrium and negative externalities of different ordering mechanisms. We think that this is import due to the future changes on Ethereum mainnet about Proposer-Builder separation and MEV-boost \cite{mevboost2022}. We leave for future work to study and compute the price of MEV of popular proposed ordering mechanisms.
Also, in the future we will study the negative externalities of zero-sum MEV opportunities such as sandwich attacks, time bandit attacks, eclipse attacks, draining bot attacks\footnote{\hyperlink{https://github.com/Defi-Cartel/salmonella}{https://github.com/Defi-Cartel/salmonella}}, and censorship attacks. We conjecture that a domain with suboptimal block-space market design will lead to more block-space misuse (high price of MEV), raising the transactions fees of the underlying domain. The higher transactions fees will increase the direct payments of the miner (another form of MEV) and the market inefficiencies. This market inefficient will imply inefficient price discover, creating more internal and cross chain MEV opportunities. We call this effect the Circular forces of MEV \ref{fig:circular_mev}.
\begin{figure}[!h]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[scale=0.35]{diagram_mev.png}
    \caption{Circular forces of MEV}
    \label{fig:circular_mev}
\end{figure}

\section{Theoretical Framework}\label{theoryFramework}

In general, miner or maximum extractive value (MEV) is a term that refers to any excess profits that a block proposer or searcher can make based on transaction ordering and/or transaction inclusion.
MEV was introduced in \cite{daian2020flash}, formally defined in \cite{babel2021clockwork}, and extended in cross-domain environments in \cite{obadia2021unity}. Another similar definition was given in \cite{MaxEV}, except MEV was treated independently of a player. The MEV opportunities we consider in this paper are limited to the profits a player can obtain by modifying the blockchain state. In this section, we will formalize this kind of MEV opportunity using the concept of profitable `bundles'. Then, we will define `local' MEV as the maximally profitable bundle a specific player can construct. Similar to \cite{obadia2021unity}, we start by formally defining the domain and searcher:
\begin{definition}
A \textit{domain} $\mathcal D$ is a self-contained system with a globally shared state $\texttt{st}$. This state is altered by
various agents through actions (sending transactions, constructing blocks, slashing, etc.), that execute within a shared execution
environment's semantics. Each domain has a predefined consensus protocol that includes a set of valid algorithms to order transactions, denoted by $\texttt{prt}(\mathcal D)$.
\end{definition}
A blockchain is a domain, however, there are other non-blockchain domains that also have MEV, like centralized exchanges.
\begin{definition} A \textit{searcher} (in general, we will call it a player) in a domain $\mathcal D$  is a participant that assumes that sequencers follow a specific set of rules and take strategic actions (send bundles with specific bids) to maximize their own utility. In general, we will assume that a player's utility depends linearly on their token balances.
\end{definition}

In a domain $\mathcal D$ with state $\texttt{st}$, the update of the state $\texttt{st}$ after executing transactions $\texttt{tx}$ is given by $\texttt{st}\circ \texttt{tx}$. For an ordered set of transactions $B=\{\texttt{tx}_1,...,\texttt{tx}_l\}$, we have the composition $\texttt{st}\circ B = \texttt{st}\circ \texttt{tx}_1\circ....\circ \texttt{tx}_l$.

Similar to \cite{babel2021clockwork}, we use $\texttt{Addr}$ to denote the set of all possible accounts and $\textbf{T}$ to denote the set of all tokens. We define $b:A\times \textbf{T}\rightarrow \mathbb Z$ as the function that maps a pair of, an account and a token, to its current balance. More precisely, for $a\in \texttt{Addr}$ we let $b(a,\cdot)$ denote the balance of all tokens held in $a$ and $b(a,T)$ denote the account balance of token $T$.
Abusing notation, we will denote by $b(a)$ the value of $b(a,\cdot)$ priced by a numéraire $E$. That is, if there is a pricing vector $p=(p_{T\rightarrow E})_{T\in\textbf{T}}$, then $b(a)= p\cdot b(a,\cdot)=\sum_{T\in\textbf{T}}p_{T\rightarrow E}b(a,T)$.
\begin{definition} An \textit{ordering mechanism} is a set of rules that determines the order and inclusion of a set of transactions in a block. More formally, let $\mathcal T$ be the set of all transactions, an ordering mechanism is a map $\textbf{or}:\mathcal P^{\leq}(\mathcal T)\rightarrow \mathcal P^{\leq}(\mathcal T)$, where $\mathcal P^{\leq}(\mathcal T)$ is the set of all ordered subsets of $\mathcal T$, such that $\textbf{or}(T)\subseteq T$ for all $T\in \mathcal P^{\leq}(\mathcal T)$.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition} A \textit{sequencer} is an agent of a domain responsible for maintaining the liveness and consistency through a set of actions. We distinguish four types of sequencers: \emph{dummy}, \emph{dummy Byzantine}, \emph{rational} and \emph{partially rational}. A sequencer is \textit{dummy} if he  follows the validator consensus protocol $\texttt{prt}(\mathcal D)$. A sequencer is \textit{ dummy Byzantine} if they misbehave, but other nodes can detect his misconduct. A sequencer is \textit{rational} if it follows a set of valid actions on the domain $\mathcal D$ to maximize its revenue (including deviating from an ordering mechanism). Therefore, if a player misbehaves to maximize their payoff but can not be identified, punished, or slashed, we say that is a rational player. A sequencer is \textit{partially rational} if they commit to using a specific valid ordering mechanism to maximize its payoff.
\end{definition}

On Ethereum, miners are usually partially rational. In general, miners run \texttt{mev-geth}, which receives a block transaction ordering of highest revenue from the Flashbots relayer. Rational sequencers could take the Flashbots block and reorg to maximize their own revenue. Nevertheless, miners do not deviate from the \texttt{mev-geth} intended protocol\footnote{However, recent miners are deviating from the Flashbots protocol to extract more value. No formal or academic work has proved this yet. These are statements from some Flashbots team members.}. For this reason, players participating in the MEV extraction are not necessarily sequencers; they take a sequence of actions to bias nodes to maximize their own revenue.
The set of actions that a sequencer can follow depends on the domain and can include arbitrary actions. Studying the impact that rational players and sequencers can have in a domain is helpful to bound the set of actions. For example, in selfish mining \cite{sapirshtein2016optimal} the set of actions to construct or publish the private chains.

From now on, we will assume that sequencers are partially rational. An example of an ordering mechanism is the default \texttt{geth} client, which uses a greedy approximation algorithm to optimize the blocks' transaction fee revenue.

A sequencer receives a set of concurrent transactions $\texttt{tx}_1,...,\texttt{tx}_n$ with gas price $m_1,...,m_n$ and $g_1,...,g_n$ units of gas. If the sequencer includes $\texttt{tx}_i$, it obtains $m_ig_i$ in fees. Since the gas used per block is restricted in every domain by some constant $L$, the sequencer must choose a subset of transactions $\mathcal T$ such that $\sum_{i: \texttt{tx}_i\in\mathcal T} g_{i}\leq L.$ Then, a node that tries to maximize its revenues per block needs to solve the following Knapsack optimization problem, which we name Knapsack Extractable Value (KEV) problem:

\vspace{-0.5cm}
\begin{maxi*}|s|
         {}{\sum_{i=1}^n x_im_ig_i}
         {}{}
         \addConstraint{\sum_{i=1}^nx_ig_i\leq L}{}
         \addConstraint{x_i\in\{0,1\}}{}.
\end{maxi*}
We note by KEV$(\mathcal T)$ the solutions' revenue of the optimization problem. Knapsack optimization problems \cite{knapsack} are NP-complete; that is, no known polynomial time algorithm finds an optimal solution. Thus, each sequencer usually chooses different algorithms to approximate the optimal solution. For example, Parity nodes order transactions by gas price $m$ without considering the gas costs.

Another example is the \hyperlink{https://docs.flashbots.net/flashbots-auction/releases/alpha-v0.5}{Flashbots relayer}, which uses a greedy approximation algorithm \cite{akccay2007greedy}, ordering transactions by the ratio of miner payment and gas consumed (a natural extension of ordering by gas price taking into account direct payments and more than one transaction). However, the problem that the Flashbots relayer tries to solve is quite different, since it does not include reverted transactions or competing bundles. Moreover, we proved (see \ref{appendix:counter}) that there are examples where this algorithm does not produce a good approximation. In \cite{angeris2021note}, the authors reformulate the block production as a linear programming problem without taking into account competing bundles. We will give more details after defining bundles.

Now that we have settled up some ground definitions, we will focus next on the formalization of the extraction of MEV opportunities. To simplify the games, we will not consider the complete MEV extraction per block, but separate the MEV opportunities into ``independent/concurrent'' ones.

\begin{definition} Let $\mathcal P$ be the set of all  players. A set of transactions $\mathcal T=\{\texttt{tx}_1,...,\texttt{tx}_k\}$ and a state $\texttt{st}$ induce an MEV opportunity in a domain $\mathcal D$ to a player $P\in\mathcal P$ if they can construct an ordered set of transactions $B$ such that:
\begin{equation}
    \Delta b(P;\texttt{st}\circ B,\texttt{st}) := b(P,\texttt{st}\circ B)-b(P,\texttt{st}) > 0,
\end{equation}
where $b$ is the balance of $P$ with the corresponding order. We call $B$ a \textit{profitable bundle} or \textit{bundle}. If $B$ consists of a unique transaction, we say that $B$ is an \textit{MEV-transaction}. Each bundle can contain extra metadata, such as sequencer timestamps, bundle hash, sender ID, and gas price. For a given state $\texttt{st}$, each bundle incurs execution costs called gas costs. From the bundle metadata and the domain state, the bundle execution incurs some payments, denoted by $\textbf{pr}(B)$, to a sequencer or set of sequencers responsible for executing the bundle.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition} A set of bundles $B_1,...,B_n$ are \textit{order-invariant valid} if for every permutation $\sigma\in S_n$ we have that the state transition
\begin{equation}
    \texttt{st} \longrightarrow \texttt{st} \circ B_{\sigma(1)}\circ...\circ B_{\sigma(n)}
\end{equation}
is a valid state transition and is invariant among all the permutations. A set of bundles $B_1,...,B_n$ \textit{compete} in a state $s$ if for all $i$ and $j$, $\texttt{st}\rightarrow \texttt{st}\circ B_i\circ B_j$ is not a valid state transition.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}  We say that a bundle $B$ is a partial extraction of a bundle $B'$ if $B$ and $B'$ compete, and $\Delta b(P,\texttt{st}\circ B)<\Delta b(P',\texttt{st}\circ B')$.
\end{definition}

The Flashbots combinatorial auction (FBCA) allows players to bid for bundles. The Flashbots allocation rule tries to solve the block optimization problem with conflicting constraints. That is, the block can not contain competing bundles (bundles that contain same transactions or bundles that revert).
So, the FBCA can be modelled as the knapsack problem with a conflict graph $G=(V,E)$ \cite{pferschy2009knapsack}, where $V$ is the set of bundles, and $uv\in E$ if and only if bundles $u$ and $v$ compete. Flashbots use a greedy approximation algorithm, leading to an auction mechanism similar to a first-price sealed auction, since players can only observe winning bundles.  That is, the bundles are ordered by effective gas price (or average gas price, see more details in the appendix \ref{appendix:order}) and afterwards prune the conflicting bundles. In case of symmetric gas efficiencies, the MEV opportunity is sealed to the higher bidder and pays what they bid.
In general, this algorithm does not give the optimal solution (see appendix \ref{appendix:counter}). It also allows searchers to check for relayer deviation with just the executed block and the bundle sent by the searcher. In other words, theoretically, searchers can privately monitor the correct functioning of the relayer.

Now we are ready to define the local MEV for a player $P$ or  $\text{MEV}_{P}$ for short. The definition we provide is similar to the one provided in \cite{babel2021clockwork}. However, in \cite{babel2021clockwork}, players have constraints on the state transitions, but not on the set of bundles that they can construct.
\begin{definition} Let $\mathcal D$ be a domain with state $\texttt{st}$, a player $P$ with local mempool view $\mathcal T^M_P$ and a set of transactions $\mathcal T_P$ that the player $P$ can construct. We denote by $\mathcal C_P=\mathcal T^M_P\cup \mathcal T_P$ to be the set of reachable transactions. We define the \textit{local} MEV \textit{of $P$ with state $\texttt{st}$ } ($\text{MEV}_P(\texttt{st})$) as the solution to the following optimization problem
\begin{maxi*}|s|
{B}{\Delta b(P;\texttt{st}\circ  B,\texttt{st})}
{}{}
\addConstraint{ B\subseteq \mathcal C_P}{}
\addConstraint{\texttt{st}\rightarrow\texttt{st}\circ  B\text{ is a valid state transition in $\mathcal D$}}{}
\end{maxi*}
Let $\text{argmev}_P(\texttt{st})$ be the set of bundles that are a solution to the optimization problem\footnote{Observe that this definition fundamentally depends on the token balance. In  the presence of a unique token, $\text{MEV}_P$ is trivially defined. Nevertheless, in the presence of multiple domains and tokens this definition is non-trivial. Moreover, in this definition, we are assuming that all players value equally the tokens, assuming the existence of some transferable utility. We leave a more general definition of local MEV for future work.}. The constraints of reachable bundles is subject to a player's information, gas efficiency, budget, ability to propose blocks, etc.

Observe that if all players have access to the same MEV opportunities and have access to all bundles, then  this definition is equivalent to the one provided in \cite{babel2021clockwork}. If the mempool view is the empty set, we will refer to the MEV as \textit{on top of block} MEV, and we will denote it by $\text{TMEV}_P$.
\end{definition}
\begin{lemma} For a given player $P$ and a state $\texttt{st}$, if \\$B\in \text{argmev}_P(\texttt{st})$, then $\text{MEV}_P(\texttt{st}\circ B)=0$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof} Assume otherwise. Let $\texttt{st}$ and $B\in\text{argmev}_P(\texttt{st})$ such that $\text{MEV}_P(\texttt{st})>0$. Then, there exist $B'$ such that $\Delta b(P,\texttt{st}\circ B\circ B',\texttt{st}\circ B)>0$. Taking the bundle $B''=B\cup B'$, we have that $\Delta(P,\texttt{st}\circ B'',\texttt{st})>\text{MEV}_P(\texttt{st})$, that is a contradiction.
\end{proof}
\begin{definition} For a set of reachable bundles $\mathcal C$, we define the \textit{ $\mathcal C$-permissionless} MEV ( $\text{MEV}^\mathcal C$) as the minimum local MEV that can be extracted among players that have access to the bundles in $\mathcal C$. More formally,
\begin{equation*}
     \text{MEV}^{\mathcal C}(\texttt{st}):=\min_{P\text{ s.t }\mathcal C\subseteq \mathcal T_P}\text{MEV}_P(\texttt{st}).
\end{equation*}
If for all players $P$ with reachable bundles $\mathcal C$, $\text{MEV}_P(\texttt{st})=0$, we say that $\texttt{st}$ is a null MEV state. We denote the set of null MEV states as NS.
\end{definition}
\textbf{Remark}: Note that this definition is an extension of the definition made in \cite{MaxEV} when $\mathcal C_K$ is the set of transactions that burns $K$ coins. In other words, $\text{MEV}^{\mathcal C_K}$ permissionless is MEV that can be extracted by players with at least $K$ coins. In this paper, we will assume that a finite number of players are able to capture a specific MEV opportunity. In other words, we will fix a set of players $\mathcal P = \{P_1,...,P_n\}$. For each $P\in\mathcal P$, we define $\texttt{st}_i$ as the state that realizes the extraction $\text{MEV}_P$. Then, we will assume that for each player $P\in\mathcal P$,  $\text{MEV}_P(\texttt{st}_j)=0$ for all $P\in\mathcal P$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


If you enjoy hand stitching with wool, or don't work with wool yet and want to learn, this is the class for "ewe"!
Class fee is $12, includes all of the supplies for the project.
All you need to bring are a scissors (a small pointy scissors is best) and a needle. Come join us for a fun evening of stitching; "ewe" will have a wooly good time!!!
Please remember that some people are sensitive to smells, please refrain from wearing lotions & perfumes on class day. Thank you!


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A few miles down from the Wescove Theatre, this was also one of the largest one screen theatres in the San Gabriel Valley. It opened in 1962.
In 1971 when I was eleven, I saw the movie "Mrs. Pollifax, Spy" with Rosalind Russell and Darren McGavin at the Capri Theatre (as of now this movie has not been commercially released in any format). I barely recall the movie, but there were many cameras flashing a few rows behind us before the movie started. The next day in the San Gabriel Valley Tribune newspaper we saw the photos of Darren McGavin at the Capri! We had no idea he was at that theatre. I can't recall any big star going to a theatre in West Covina to see their own movie!
The Capri Theatre was converted into a 3-screen theatre on June 13, 1980. It was probably demolished in the late-1980's, and where it stood is part of a parking lot of a small shopping center.
Waited 2 hours in line to see "The Sting" there.
Also saw "Rollercoaster" and Earthquake" there in Sensaround.
Boxoffice Magazine's issue of September 11, 1961, published an article about three theaters being planned by Stein Enterprises, the development arm of Statewide Theatres. The Capri was one of them, and the caption of a drawing of it said it was scheduled for a September 18 groundbreaking. I can't find any later Boxoffice articles about the Capri, but it seems likely that it opened in 1962.
Loew's Theatres Inc.'s annual report for 1967 said that the company had acquired 30 theaters from Statewide that year, and mentioned the Capri as being among the acquisitions. See my comment of March 8, 2007, above, for later developments at the Capri.
Here's a link to a PDF of Loew's 1967 annual report, for anyone who might be interested.
Earliest movie I remember seeing at the Capri was "The Heart is A Lonely Hunter". On one occasion, c. 1969-70, they had a kid's day when they ran "The Last Safari" and gave away raffle prizes (I won a toy truck, one the few times I've ever won a damned thing).
Other films: "Big Jake", "Stanley", "The Doberman Gang", "The Golden Voyage of Sinbad", and "Paper Moon".
I saw many, many more flicks there from the late seventies to the late eighties, part of the reason being that during its later years it became a tri-plex.
The Capri operated for many years as a single screen then toward the end they tried to do the multiple screen thing…If I recall ..IT wasnt too great…but as a single screen theatre it was wonderful!
SRO Theatres took over this and other Loewstheatres that didn't go to GCC,including The Paramount/El Capitan in Hollywood and The Crest in Westwood,sometime around 1976.
The 'Capri' opened in 1963… "Bye Bye Birdie" was the first film screened. I went with my Dad. It was a fabulous theater when it was new! It had the latest amenities, (touchless drinking fountains!) It felt very much like a trip to 'Tomorrowland' :) A photo of the 'Capri' has become the 'holy grail' of our WC FB groups!
Other memorable films that I saw at the 'Capri' in its early years… "How the West Was Won", "Lawrence of Arabia", "The Music Man" and "Mary Poppins"!!
This reopened as a 3-plex on June 13th, 1980. Grand opening ad in the photo section.


text:
UTC+10 е часово отместване използвано:

Като стандартно време през цялата година

 Куинсланд

 Чуюк, Яп и околността

 Гуам
 Северни Мариански острови

Като стандартно време през зимния сезон

 Приморски край (включително Владивосток)
 Сахалин
 Хабаровски край
 Якутия – централната част

 Австралийска столична територия
 Нов Южен Уелс (без град Броукън Хил и остров Лорд Хоуе)
 Тасмания
 Виктория

Като лятно часово време

 Амурска област
 Читинска област
 Якутия – западната част, вкл. Якутск

Часови зони


Really fun to play :3 and high quality as always, keep up the good work Grime!
Great hack Jefe!! Hope to see more of those high quality hacks from you!
Top hack, very nice details, puzzles are great, enemies are ok (some are meh), lots of skill use required!
Nicely made, me and my audience enjoyed it!
I'm simply blown away how awesome this hack felt. Everything had that metroid feeling and MORE. Going into rooms you know from vanilla and then its slighty different or nicely merged or even better.. a choso statue awaits you for that little extra feeling that you accomplished something. It's so satisfying!!!
The colors where beautiful, the tiles... everything a piece of art. And the best part is: IT'S FOR BEGINNERS AND VETERANS! You don't even need to know about any tricks or advanced moves. YOU DON'T EVEN NEED TO KNOW THE BASE GAME!!!
10/10 for me, want to forget and experience again!!!
You need some knowledge to finish this hack without any tool assisted stuff!
PS: Don't hate the final escape! The game is gradualy teaching you all the basics you need to get past it. If you can't do it, hate yourself, not the hack!
Pretty decent hack! Can't complain about anything else than Draygon's lair was a bit... HARD to find.. x-ray s not picking up it's location!
Good hack with a few flaws but it's decent. Give it a try, no major tricks necessary. The Design was not bad and not many rooms you would call garbage!
I have no clue why this hack has such bad reviews... to be honest: IT WAS AWESOME!
But... the feeling after beating him .. that RELIEF... just pure adrenalin!
In conclusion: 4/5 would play again!
The hack is ok. Some areas have completely changed, some were rearranged. Note that the first two areas have NO save station so savestating is advised! Later save stations (norfair+) are easy to find.
It IS possible to SOFT-LOCK yourself at the start!
Hack WAS challenging - some areas were pretty nasty tho.
Most rooms were interesting and unique in their own way.
Hack WANTED to be CHALLENGING but failed to be it in some rooms - bad design decisions - enemies in your face, RNG luck based boss fights and so on.
One of the WORST "have to find to progress" paths for varia suit that I've ever encountered... followed by "AM I EVEN SUPPOSED TO BE HERE?" moments and "WHAT THE F*** IS GOING ON" rooms.
I consider my self experienced and this hack was in no way difficult at any given point, just weird, unfair and as I mentioned above, a wanna be challinging - thing.
If you don't have enough e-tanks, you gonna die in many.. maaaany rooms, this hack makes BACKTRACKING MANDATORY, which makes it kinda hard to get through the hack, because most rooms are just TOO BIG.
Yep, that's it. Let me say something about that. If you find the bombs, you might die! Why? Because you simply can't see the future and dont know what's coming for ya in the next room. Spore Spawn... if you have enough energy, go ahead, otherwise... you might die miserably. Same goes for Phantoon and especialy for Draygon.
I finished the game... believe it or not, without EVER finding HIGH JUMP - SCREW ATTACK - WAVE+PLASMA, missing 3 e-tanks and 2 reserve (Spazer is one of the worst hiding spots, too).
Speaking of bad hiding spots - mandatory items... this hack did it with almost every damn item that makes it easier to navigate through areas!
Even tho you're warned about hazards and so on... most of the time it just feels of getting thrown into a new room and first thing that happens is getting hit by hoppers... or spikes.. or being in acid.. lava whatever..
For anyone that likes a challenge, you should check this hack out tho... but I guess you could stop before fighting draygon! Savestating is a must!
Alright, this being your first hack, it was quite good. I liked how you tried to put a personal touch to it. But I think it might be a bit to much calling it a hack for beginners as there are no save stations! Using savestats is one option but you might abuse it to some extend where the fun gets lost.
And i dont know about the other guys out there but I think your escape route and the time are a bit CLOSE, I got stuck on a few tiles on my way and it was very.. VERY close to blowing up (like 3 seconds remaining). You might want to give a bit more time, especialy for beginners!
It was.... 'special' in its own way..
let me ask you this: Do you like drowning in acid filled rooms? Do you like suddenly being burned by lava - then not - then again? Do you like surprises like going into the next room, ambushed by mocktroids? yes? THEN this is the hack for YOU!
... OP is a full fledged maso! If you wannt sum items.. you better jump down that tube of acid first!
WOW, just WOW. This is my first hack out of like 20 hacks that I finished which I had to stop playing.... it's just BAD. The idea behind it is not that bad to be honest, but everything else... just disappointing.
One room after another gets worse... and worse and worse by the minute. Bad enemy placement right from the start makes this unenjoyable without abusing savestates.
Did I mention I did a hell-run with just 2 f***ing E-TANKS into crocomire's lair!? Oh, and you will find yourself spending alot of time on enemy spawns just to refill your shortcoming on missiles while we're at it.


We view our workshops as collaborations. We will offer artistic/creative teachings we have gathered over time, and/but it is important to us that workshops be shaped by participants. You will be coming with lots of knowledge, thoughts, ideas, references and experiences, and we seek to create learning environments that honour your many knowings. We believe strongly that our role as facilitators involves working with and alongside you as you to discover your way into the work.
We are currently building curriculum for a number of workshops. Please see below for current workshops, and stay tuned for more announcements of workshops to come.
World of Q is a sci-fi art & story-making quest where those of us on the fringe will survive & thrive. We will art our way towards badass visions of our futures through a blend of creative writing, visual art, & mixed-media collage activities.
This workshop is for those of us who want to go where so few mainstream sci-fi stories journey into: to highlight underrepresented visions of the future, while undoing the misrepresented ones; to reclaim what has been fragmented and scattered across space and time in the hands of mainstream media-makers who so often fail to write "the marginalized" into the forefront of their visions of the future; and ultimately, to write us, "the marginalized" into the survival of humanity, where we play the heroic protagonists who are active agents in futurebuilding, carving out new beginnings from the wreckage of pre/post apocalyptic worlds/landscape.
In this workshop we will make media using written word, images, movement, video and more.
Some of the questions we are looking to explore are: how can we heal the psychological wounds of intergenerational oppression by re-imagining the future on our own terms? What does it look like to re-frame our visions of the future from our own perspectives as queer/SWANA/Armenian storytellers by drawing from our own magic/herstories/mythologies/cosmologies? What do our dystopias/utopias look like in light of impending or possible technological and scientific shifts?
Join us for a writing and interdisciplinary arts workshop where we will imagine into the past, integrate our experiences in the present, and vision into the future.
This workshop is for those of us who crave to connect to the stories of the people we come from. It is for those of us that have access to some of those stories, and for those of us that don't, but wish we did. For those of us who live in diasporic communities and question our relationship to our ancestors and homelands. For those of us that want to connect more deeply to the herstories of the lands we currently live on. For those of us that want to acknowledge the legacies and ongoing realities of genocide, on the lands we live on, and the lands our ancestors are from. This workshop is for all of us who believe that storytelling and art can be transformative tools used towards bridging the longing in our hearts and the political realities that have given cause to these longings.
Backstory: Dear Armen came out of a collaborative storytelling journey. We(Kamee Abrahamian and lee williams boudakian) set out to recover the legacy of Armen Ohanian. Born from a desire for herstorical representations of feminist Armenians that we are descendents from, we began a myth-making process integrating historical fact, imagined and intuitive rememberings, combined with our contemporary realities as queer and trans Armenians trying to make sense of our place inside the struggles within and beyond our communities. What came out of this process is Dear Armen. With this workshop, we want to share our process and be part of facilitating your own journeys of reclamation and remembering.