Bucharest Romania is one of Europe's least visited capitals and for most people, it remains shrouded in mystery. One of the reasons is its bloody and violent history. Bucharest or București had more than its fair share of cruel dictators and from Vlad the Impaler (famously known as Dracula) to the more recent Nicolae Ceaușescu, the Romanian capital had experienced them all. Due to its strategic location, the city has undergone a ceaseless political turmoil ever since its conception but has somehow managed to survive. It has also thrived on and off, between regimes of cruelty and was known as "Little Paris of the East". Once upon a time, Bucharest was indeed a stunningly beautiful city, which was destroyed over and over again by earthquakes, wars and Nicolae Ceaușescu's program of systematization. In 2016, the historical city center of Bucharest Romania was listed as "endangered" by the World Monuments Watch and it is now slowly limping back to the former glory.
Today Bucharest Romania is once again decorated with pristine city parks, excellent museums, and a gritty yet strangely charming Old World New Money vibe. You can actually feel the winds of change there and not many places on earth can boast of that quality. Plus, despite being an EU nation, Romania is delightfully out of the Euro zone, so your money goes a long way. Presenting some more reasons why the Romanian capital of Bucharest should be on your travel list right now.
Once called the "Little Paris of the East", Bucharest is now in the state of urban decay.
Today the Romanian capital is redefining itself and here grunge merges with sophistication in an extremely seductive way. No European city does chaos like Bucharest and these are but the winds of change. The city is busily merging its layered history with a modern identity and this can be keenly felt in Bucharest's beautiful cafes, bookshops, art scene and the charming Old Town. Once a place where traders mingled with travelers in the 15th century, history seems nearly tangible in every corner of Bucharest and though not, "on your face beautiful" the charm of the Romanian capital is absolutely undeniable. Here, urban decay is flaunted as a badge of honour and though this puts off most visitors at first glance, one needs to scratch beneath the Soviet scars to discover a buzzing new European destination.
Bucharest Romania Old Town is undergoing a massive restoration process and its cobbled pedestrian only lanes offer one of the most hedonistic nightlife in Europe. Located in the heart of Bucharest, it is not classically pretty, but there are plenty of attractions to make a visit memorable. The historic old buildings with their breathtaking grandeur stand out like glittering jewels and, the old churches and outdoor cafés create a vibrant atmosphere. We were there on a layover in the midst of winter and though the skies were grey, the light dusting of snow heightened the aura. Check out the highlights like the University Square, The Old Court, Old Palace of the Chamber of Commerce or simply soak up the atmosphere. Bucharest Old Town is amazing at any time of the day and at night it is the party hot spot of the young and the beautiful.
Bucharest Romania has a long and incredibly eventful history.
The best thing about re emerging Bucharest is its fantastic architectural mix. The Romanian capital has an impressive number of architectural beauties and their styles range from delicate neo classical, art deco, Bauhaus, communist era and modern. At first glance, this mix may seem dizzying but it is very easy to spot Byzantine buildings, centuries old monasteries and churches, pretty Art Nouveau mansions peeping out amidst dreary Communist era apartment blocks. Often one can spot colourful onion domes of Russian Orthodox churches in the skyline and this delightful architectural mish mash goes a long way in re establishing Bucharest as one of the most upcoming capitals of Europe.
Bucharest Romania is home to the Palace of the Parliament, the world's heaviest building. I have often wondered how the weight of the building could be measured to be given this laurel, until the sight of this monument actually made me gape. We saw it from a moving taxi, and it seemed vast even from a distance. This architectural giant wins many plaudits, including heaviest building in the world, the largest building in Europe (nearly four million square feet and one thousand rooms) and the world's second-largest administrative building (after the Pentagon). It is also an epitome of the outrageous luxury Ceausescu envisioned for himself before he was overthrown in a coup d'état. Though we had skipped it, you can take a tour inside to marvel at the ornate interiors. Ironically called the "People's Palace" this behemoth took 5 years, 20,000 workers and 700 architects for completion. In total, it has 12 stories, 1,100 rooms, 4 underground levels and an enormous nuclear bunker.
In Bucharest Romania, religious places are of immense interest. These are not only places of worship, but monuments of high cultural importance and the Zlatari, Selari and Stavropoleos churches are landmarks of the city. Due to a shortage of time, we managed to visit only the Stavropoleos Monastery and it was a delightful experience. Founded in 1724 by the Greek monk Ioanikie Stratonikeas, the Stavropoleos Monastery is a masterpiece of Brancovan architectural style. A little oasis of tranquility tucked away in the heart of the old town, it is It'also one of the oldest and most beautiful churches in Bucharest. Famous due to the rich stone-carved decorations and frescoes painted on the walls, Stavropoleos monastery is also one of the very few churches in the Bucharest Romania old town center which survived the Big Fire in 1847. The frescoes date back to 1720's and are beautifully preserved. We visited in the dead of winter when its little rose bushes filled courtyard was covered with dazzling snow and only sparrows could be seen flitting about fearlessly looking for food.
Possibly the finest building in Bucharest Romania, the Romanian Athenaeum is the majestic heart of Romanian music culture. Designed by the French architect Albert Galleron, who also designed the National Bank of Romania, the building was inaugurated on February 26, 1888 and it stands out proudly at the center of the city's busiest public square. Resplendent in its baroque cupola, the Romanian Athenaeum was built almost entirely with money donated by ordinary citizens of Bucharest responding to the soulful campaign called 'Give a penny for the Athenaeum'. Loosely translated from the catchy tag line (Dati un leu Pentru Ateneu), this campaign rescued the project from folly after the original patrons ran out of funds. Today it is the seat of the Romanian Philarmonic George Enescu and the auditorium can seat 800 spectators comfortably. Renowned worldwide for its outstanding acoustics, this is one of the most stately 19th-century buildings in Bucharest and it resembles an ancient Greek temple with a 41-meter-high dome. Its interiors are simply awe inspiring weave of gold leaf, marble balconies, and wide, spiral stairs. The highlight of the Athenaeum is the intricate 70-meter-long and three-meter-high fresco depicting Romania's history on the ceiling of the concert hall.
The lovely Stavropoleos Monastery is an oasis of peace.
The National Art Museum is another important landmark of Bucharest Romania which worth visiting, especially if art interests you. The museum currently exhibits over 100,000 works of local Romanian painters along with some masterpieces of and world-renowned artists like Monet, Rembrandt, Renoir, and Cezanne.
It has happened only twice during my travels, that I have made special space for bookshops in my itineraries. The first one had been in Bucharest Romania and the second in Venice. Both have been unique places and the one in Romania had been posh enough for royalty. To begin with, it is a huge store located inside a beautifully restored 19th-century mansion on Strada Lipscani and houses a bistro on the top floor where you can get the most expensive coffee in Bucharest. Known as the Carturesti Carusel, this really pretty shop has a huge range of books, stationery, and novelty items line for sale and you can take as many photos without any objection from the staff. Also housing a gallery, Carturesti Carusel's impressive minimalistic design plays up the natural light pouring in through the skylight thus creating one of the world's most stunning bookshops. This one is an Instagram hotspot.
Beautiful Baroque facades of buildings in Bucharest remind one of wealthier days of the past.
This Balkan cuisine is an undiscovered travel joy. In Bucharest, try the Sarmale which is a traditional Romanian food served at festivals. Sort of stuffed cabbage rolls, Sarmale is traditionally served with mamaliga a kind of polenta served with sour cream. It is a drool worthy dish which will surely make you come back to Romania and then there is the famous Papanasi. Considered a traditional Romanian dessert, this is a plate of fried doughnuts served with cream and sour cherries, raspberries or blackberries jam. Romania's beer prices too are equally pleasurable and even in the most touristy spots, two pints will cost you back less than anywhere in Europe. Don't forget to try out tuică, a traditional spirit made from plums or the Romanian beer Ursus. Brewed in Cluj, Ursus is a sharp, light-bodied, reasonably hopped pilsener. It is tasty with a pale color and is extremely inexpensive.
Caru' cu Bere or The Beer Cart is one of the oldest restaurants in Bucharest. A very popular tourist attractions in its own right, around 2,500 people visit it every day. It has everything nice on offer; a great experience of food and beer, live music, dance along with a super friendly staff. The interiors of the restaurant are simply gorgeous and they remind of Romania of 1980's when it was called the "Little Paris of the East". Caru' cu Bere is located in a historic house that was once the property of Elena Lupescu, mistress of King Carol II of Romania. It is open every day and book in advance for a table.
According to legends, Bucharest has been named after a shepherd called Dambovita Bucur, which means joy. It is a truly a hidden gem of Europe and one destination where we will definitely return. Here are some quick facts on Bucharest Romania.
Visa = Romania is not yet part of the Schengen visa agreement but Schengen Visa holders do not need to get a (special) Romanian visa to visit Romania as long as their Schengen visa allows at least two entries in Schengen space and the number of entries and/ or length of stay has been not exhausted. For more details, check out Romania Tourism.
Bucharest has a decent range of places suitable for all budgets. Most major European airlines fly into Bucharest and getting into town from the airport is relatively easy. There are plenty of cheap and reliable taxis costing no more than 40 lei (around €9). Public transport in Bucharest is cheap and the metro links the station (Gara de Nord) with the city center. The other Romanian cities like Brasov, Cluj-Napoca and Timisoara are reachable by train or bus.
The Old Town of Bucharest Romania is slowly getting restored.
The gorgeous Romanian Athenaeum was nearly completely built by money donated by the citizens of Bucharest.
Old frescoes of the Stavropoleos Monastery are beautifully well preserved.
The Stavropoleos Monastery also has intricate wooden carvings.
The Old Town of Bucharest is filled with quirky cafes and shops.
Bucharest Romania has a vibrant cafe culture.
Bucharest offers beautiful cultural hotspots like bookshops and antique stores.
Which is now getting a lot of travel love.
Lovely. Had heard about Bucharest being a lovely place; seeing it in details for the first time.
Thank you. Bucharest is truly a hidden gem. The more you explore, the better it gets.
Hi. So happy you've covered my home town!
The urban decay thing is hopefully getting fixed. It's the first year when I see many only buildings getting restored, especially on Calea Victoriei. Some of the Magheru shops are closing, yes, but hopefully the buildings there will get fixed. And some new really nice ones are emerging in the area (e.g. Humanitas Library & Takumi).
But, as you've said, some places have their charm because they're not in perfect state. Such an example is the English Passage on Calea Victoriei. Or, as a bar, Dianei 4.
Thank you for your message Mirela. We loved Bucharest and would return soon with more time on our hands. There was everything about Bucharest which charmed and it is such an undervalued city, with an incredible amount of vibrant local culture. Hope to meet you when in Bucharest so that we get to see your city more through an insider's eye.
great little portrait – an undervalued city!
Thank you. Bucharest was an amazing experience. There is so much to do, feel and see, that a week is still not enough.
Hi Svetlana! It seems you had a nice time exploring Bucharest. Those who want to visit some of the less known attractions, the Old City area is filled with old houses that have very interesting stories and beauitful architectural details. It's just another side of Bucharest that few people know about.
Thank you for the information. I had a lovely time in Bucharest and would love to go back again.


It was New Year's Eve and the shops were a complete madhouse, which would explain that when I went to buy dinner I discovered I had bought only two fillets of salmon, a leek and two litres of milk.
What on earth was I going to do with that? Luckily at this time of year, I tend to have a lot of leftovers in the fridge, so I was able to come up with the following, which worked really well.
I have offered alternatives where I can, because I believe that sometimes the best dinners come from just 'making do' with what you have in the fridge.
Fresh salad leaves, lemon wedge to serve.
Wrap three pieces of prosciutto around each piece of salmon, making sure that the fish is evenly covered, overlapping if necessary.
Slice the raggedy end and the roots off the leek, cut in half and wash to make sure you have gotten all the dirt out. Finely slice.
Melt the butter in a frypan and when foaming add the leek. Cook over a medium heat for about 10 minutes or until softened but not coloured. Add the lemon juice, rind, dill and sour cream and stir to combine, cooking for about five minutes or until heated through. Set aside and keep warm.
Wipe the pan out with a paper towel and add the olive oil. When hot, add the salmon and cook on medium heat the first side for four minutes, then turn and cook for another three minutes. If your salmon is very thin, you should reduce the cooking time by 1 minute each side.
Lay some salad leaves on the plate. Place the fish on top. Serve a dollop of the creamy leek. Add a lemon wedge. A slurp of hollandaise works well with this dish, as would fresh asparagus or green beans.


text:
Q: Como mudar estilo CSS da coluna de tabela ao passar o mouse? Como alterar o estilo CSS (backgrounc-color) de uma coluna inteira ao passar o mouse, usando apenas CSS?
A tabela em questão é a seguinte:

Título da tabela

            Coluna 1
            Coluna 2
            Coluna 3
            Coluna 4

            L1 X C1
            L1 X C2
            L1 X C3
            L1 X C4

            L2 X C1
            L2 X C2
            L2 X C3
            L2 X C4

            L3 X C1
            L3 X C2
            L3 X C3
            L3 X C4

            Total C1
            Total C2
            Total C3
            Total C4

No caso, ao passar o mouse em cima de uma das colunas, alterar o background-color de toda a coluna, inclusive o cabeçalho e o rodapé.

A: Usando apenas CSS, dá para fazer um fake utilizando o pseudo-elemento after, veja o exemplo:

table {
  overflow: hidden;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  border:solid red;
  border-width    : 1px 2px 1px 1px;
}
table caption {
  background-color:#fff;
}
tr:hover {
  background-color: #ffa;
}

td, th {
  position: relative;

}
td:hover::after,
th:hover::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  background-color: #ffa;
  left: 0;
  top: -5000px;
  height: 10000px;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: -1;
}

Título da tabela

            Coluna 1
            Coluna 2
            Coluna 3
            Coluna 4

            L1 X C1
            L1 X C2
            L1 X C3
            L1 X C4

            L2 X C1
            L2 X C2
            L2 X C3
            L2 X C4

            L3 X C1
            L3 X C2
            L3 X C3
            L3 X C4

            Total C1
            Total C2
            Total C3
            Total C4

Fontes: Simple CSS-Only Row and Column Highlighting e
Stackoverflow

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Creation of a linked list may be in any order say LIFO, FIFO or Sorted. If a linked list is created considering LIFO order, then insertions as well as deletions are done at the same end i.e. the last node of the linked list is the first one to be deleted. If a linked list is created considering FIFO order, then insertions are done one end, whereas deletions are performed at the other end. Thus, the first node to be deleted is only that node which is inserted first in the linked list. However, creating a Sorted Linked List involves insertion of a new node in the linked list such that the order of the list is preserved. The order to be retained in the list may be chosen as either ascending or descending order.


, city (1993 est. pop. 640,700), capital of Kyrgyzstan, on the Chu River and on a branch of the Turkistan-Siberia RR. It is a rail and highway hub and the industrial and cultural center of Kyrgyzstan.
..... Click the link for more information. , the capital, and Osh are the chief cities.
region, 8,494 sq mi (22,000 sq km), Central Asia, divided among Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. The Fergana Range (part of the Tian Shan system) rises in the northeast and the Pamir in the south.
..... Click the link for more information. highlands lie in the southwest. The Talas Alatau and the Fergana ranges roughly separate SW Kyrgyzstan from the larger northeast.
The borders with neighboring Central Asian nations, were often not clearly defined under Soviet rule, and they have yet to be finally demarcated. In the Fergana Valley, several small sections of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan form enclaves in Kyrgyzstan, and there is a small Kyrgyzstani exclave in Uzbekistan. The jumbled geography has led at times to border incidents and tensions.
The Kyrgyz, a Sunni Muslim, Turkic-speaking pastoral people, constitute about two thirds of the population; the rest are Uzbeks (about 14%), Russians (about 12%), and other minorities. The Uzbeks reside largely in the southwest. Some 20% of the people are Russian Orthodox Christians. About two thirds of the population is rural. Kyrgyz and Russian are both official languages, and Uzbek is also spoken.
Over half of Kyrgyzstan's population is engaged in agriculture and herding. There is rich pasturage for sheep, goats, cattle, and horses. Most of the cultivated area is irrigated. Cotton, tobacco, potatoes, sugar beets, vegetables, grapes, fruits, and berries are grown; sericulture is carried on, and grain crops are cultivated in the nonirrigated areas.
Kyrgyzstan has deposits of gold, rare earth metals, coal, oil, natural gas, nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, zinc, and uranium. Industries include food processing, nonferrous metallurgy, forestry, and the manufacture of apparel and textiles, agricultural machinery, appliances, furniture, and electric motors. In addition, the Kyrgyz are also noted for such traditional handicrafts as wood carving, carpet weaving, and jewelry making. Many citizens work abroad, especially in Kazakhstan and Russia, and their remittances are important to Kyrgyzstan's economy.
The nation's leading exports are cotton, wool, meat, tobacco, metals (particularly gold, mercury, and uranium), natural gas, hydropower, and machinery; the chief imports are oil and gas, machinery and equipment, chemicals, and foodstuffs. The main trading partners are China, Russia, the United Arab Emirates, and Kazakhstan.
Kyrgyzstan was the first of the former Soviet Central Asian republics to acquire democratic institutions. It is governed under the constitution of 2010 as amended. The president, who is head of state, is elected by popular vote for a single six-year term. The government is headed by the prime minister. The unicameral legislature is of the 120-member Jogorku Kenesh, the Supreme Council or Parliament; members are popularly elected by a system of proportional representation for five-year terms. No one party may hold more than 65 seats. Administratively, the country is divided into seven provinces and the capital area.
, city (1991 pop. 182,000), E Uzbekistan, in the Fergana Valley. It is a center for the manufacture of fertilizers, chemicals, machinery, and cotton and food products. Important since the 10th cent.
, historic region of central Asia. Western, or Russian, Turkistan extended from the Caspian Sea in the west to the Chinese frontier in the east and from the Aral-Irtysh watershed in the north to the borders of Iran and Afghanistan in the south.
..... Click the link for more information. . The nomadic Kyrgyz resisted conscription into the czarist army in 1916, leading to an uprising, the Urkun, in which 100,000 and perhaps many more died and many fled to China. The Kyrgyz also fought the establishment of Bolshevik control from 1917 to 1921. As a result of war devastation, there was a famine in 1921–22 in which over 500,000 Kyrgyz died. The area was formed into the Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Region within the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic in 1924, becoming an autonomous republic in 1926 and a constituent republic in 1936.
, 1944–, Kyrgyzstani political leader. A physicist, he was educated (grad. 1967), and then taught, in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). Returning to Kirghiz SSR in 1977, he was a physics professor at Frunze Polytechnic Institute.
(CIS), community of independent nations established by a treaty signed at Minsk, Belarus, on Dec. 8, 1991, by the heads of state of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. Between Dec. 8 and Dec.
..... Click the link for more information. , and a new consitutution was approved.
Akayev, who remained president, fostered ties with China and other neighboring nations and initiated an ambitious program of free-market reforms. He retained his post in the 1995 elections, which were denounced by opposition leaders but given guarded support by UN observers. Also in 1995, Kyrgyzstan, along with Belarus and Kazakhstan, signed a pact with Russia providing for close economic cooperation. In 1996, Akayev won a referendum on amending the constitution to increase the presidency's powers. Islamic militants seized several towns near the border with Tajikistan (where a civil war began in 1992) in 1999, and in 2000 Kyrgyzstani forces fought Uzbek guerrillas based in Tajikistan that had infiltrated into the Fergana Valley. Akayev was reelected president in Oct., 2000, in a contest that observers said was marred by intimidation and ballot fraud. A U.S. air base, used for operationsin Afghanistan, was established at Manas in late 2001, following the Sept. 11th attacks against the United States. A Feb., 2003, referendum approved constitutional changes and affirmed Akayev's current term in office. The vote was prompted by unrest prior to 2003, but the constitutional changes and outcome of the vote were denounced by those opposed to Akayev.
..... Click the link for more information. , a former prime minister who had resigned in 2002 and then opposed Akayev, was appointed prime minister and acting president. Despite the supreme court's annulment of the elections, the departing parliament decided to accept the results, and the new legislators took office.
In the months leading up to the July, 2005, presidential election, the country experienced an increased level of civil unrest as the provisional government struggled somewhat to establish its control, and the unrest continued sporadically through the rest of 2005. The July vote resulted in a landslide victory for Bakiyev, who had agreed in May to appoint his most significant political rival—Felix Kulov, the provisional government's former security services coordinator—as prime minister. Kulov was confirmed as prime minister in September.
At the end of 2005, the political situation remained somewhat tenuous, with the president seeking to consolidate his power and influence despite his pledge to reduce his powers and parliament seeking to increase the prime minister's powers. Corruption and crime, meanwhile, had become worse than it had been under Akayev; reform efforts stalled; and by 2006 interethnic tensions and violence appeared to be increasing. Increased antiterror operations in SW Kyrgyzstan, directed mainly against Uzbeks, appeared in part designed to suppress an Uzbek campaign for enlarged civil rights and aggravated ethnic strains.
Unhappiness with Bakiyev led to several large demonstrations against him in 2006, and a loss of support in parliament. In May, 13 government ministers resigned after being criticized by the parliament, but then remained in office after meeting with the president. Omurbek Tekebayev, a former parliament speaker and opposition leader, was arrested in Poland in Sept., 2006, on drug charges, then was released when the heroin was determined to have been planted. The president's brother and the deputy director of the state security service were implicated in affair, which was seen as a government effort to discredit its opponents.
The president and parliament continued to joust over constitutional reform, with each side preferring that it have the stronger powers in any new national charter. In November, however, after a week of opposition demonstrations in the capital, parliament passed a compromise constitution that reduced the president's powers, and the president signed it. In December, Prime Minister Kulov's government resigned, ostensibly to accelerate the election of a parliament under the new constitution so that the new parliament might elect the prime minister (as required under the new constitution), but parliament subsequently adopted revisions to the November constitution that restored some of the president's lost powers and also allowed the president to appoint a new cabinet until a new parliament was elected. Bakiyev then twice appointed Kulov prime minister, but parliament refused to approve the choice.
1956–, Kyrgyz political leader, grad. Moscow Institute of Management (1983). An economist and Communist party member, he served (1983–87) on the Supreme Council of the Kyrgyz SSR.
..... Click the link for more information. as prime minister, but many in the opposition continued to resist joining a coalition government, mounting demonstrations instead and calling for the president to resign and parliament to dissolve. In May, 2007, there was an apparent attempt to poison the prime minister, possibly over a government decision to nationalize a semiconductor plant, but he survived after treatment.
In Sept., 2007, the constitutional court ruled that the 2006 amendments to the constitution were invalid because a referendum was required. The following month, however, a referendum approved the changes, but independent observers questioned the result, saying that there was evidence of an inflated turnout and ballot stuffing. Subsequently, parliamentary elections were called for December, which were won overwhelmingly by the president's Best Path Popular (Ak-Jol Eldik) party. The largest opposition party was denied any seats and accused the government of fraud; despite winning 8% of the vote nationally, the election commission said it failed to win the .5% required in each region. Western observers said the election failed to meet international standards and were critical of the regional vote requirement. Igor Chudinov was named prime minister. The government moved in Feb., 2009, to end U.S. use of the Manas air base; although Kyrgyzstan denied it, the action appeared linked to the country's receipt of $2 billion aid package from Russia. In June, however, the government agreed to a new lease on the base in return for increased rent and other aid. Bakiyev was reelected in July, but the campaign was criticized as unfair and the vote, which was denounced by the opposition as fraudulent, was marred by widespread irregularities and criticized by OSCE observers. Chudinov and the cabinet resigned in Oct., 2009, as Bakiyev undertook a major government reorganization that placed control of foreign affairs and security forces directly under the president; Daniyar Usenov, the president's chief of staff, succeeded Chudinov as prime minister.
1950–, Kyrgyz political leader and diplomat, b. Osh. After graduating (1972) from Moscow State Univ. she taught philosophy (1972–78) at Kyrgyz State National Univ.
..... Click the link for more information. as its leader. Bakiyev and Usenov subsequently went into exile, and were later convicted in absentia of various crimes.
The new government struggled to assert contol and reestablish order, especially in SW Kyrgyzstan, where support for the former president was stronger. When Uzbek volunteers helped the government regain control in Jalalabad in June, the move apparently sparked ethnic rioting in SW Kyrgyzstan, with the largely Kyrgyz police and the military reportedly supporting Kyrgyz mobs (though the government denied this and blamed the rioting on foreigners, some Uzbek leaders, and the Bakiyev family). An independent international inquiry estimated that 470 people were killed, and some 410,000 were displaced. The violence disproportionately affected Uzbeks, many of whom sought refuge in neighboring Uzbekistan.
A referendum later in the month approved a new constitution establishing a parliamentary republic; Otunbayeva was named to serve as interim president until the end of 2011. In the Oct., 2010, parliamentary elections, five parties won votes from more than 5% of the eligible voters (the threshold for representation in parliament); no party won more than 9%. A sixth party narrowly failed to win the necessary votes due to a change in the election commission's calculation of the number of eligible voters, leading to protests from the party and its supporters.
In Dec., 2010, three parties, including the SW-Kyrgyzstan-based Ata Jurt (Homeland) party, which opposed the creation of a parliamentary republic, formed a government; Social Democrat Atambayev became prime minister for the second time. He subsequently ran for president, handily winning in Oct., 2011, but the voting was marred by irregularities and reflected regional divisions, with most of his support coming from the northeast. In December the Social Democrats withdrew from the governing coalition, forcing the formation of a new government; a new four-party coalition was formed, with the Respublika party's Omurbek Babanov as prime minister. That government collapsed in Aug., 2012, when two of the parties withdrew from the coalition. Those parties and the Social Democrats formed a new government in September, with Jantoro Satybaldiyev, an independent, as prime minister.
In Oct., 2012, Kamchybek Tashiyev, the nationalist leader of Ata Jurt, was arrested when he led an attempt to storm the parliament complex in the capital; he was later acquitted (June, 2013) of having attempted to overthrow the government. In June, 2013, Kyrgyzstan decided to end the U.S. lease on Manas by July, 2014; the decision was apparently linked to Russia's forgiveness of some of Kyrgyzstan's debt and other aid. Most U.S. personnel left by Feb., 2014. In July, 2013, the government signed an agreement to sell control of the state natural gas distribution company to the Russian giant Gazprom for $1 in exchange for infrastructure investments in Kyrgyzstan's energy system and other considerations.
In Mar., 2014, Prime Minister Satybaldiyev resigned after the Ata Meken (Fatherland) party withdrew from the government, and then stepped down as interim government leader. Djoomart Otorbayev, an independent, became acting prime minister and then prime minister when the prior three-party governing coalition formed a new government in April, but he resigned a year later. Temir Sariyev succeeded him as prime minister. In the Oct., 2015, parliamentary elections, the Social Democrats won a plurality; five other parties secured seats. Three of the parties joined the Social Democrats in a governing coalition, and Sariyev remained prime minister. Kyrgyzstan joined the Eurasian Economic Union in 2015.
In Apr., 2016, cabinet conflicts led to Sariyev's resignation; Sooronbai Jeenbekov succeeded him as prime minister. In October, coalition disagreements over constitutional changes advocated by President Atambayev, including increased powers for the prime minister, led to the government's resignation after Atambayev's Social Democrats quit the coalition. A new Social Democrat–led three-party coalition was formed in November, with Jeenbekov as prime minister, and in December a referendum approved the constitutional amendments.
In 2016 a number of opposition politicians were arrested (March, May); each group was separately charged with plotting a coup. In 2017 Tekebayev and others associated with Ata Meken were arrested on corruption and criminal charges. The coup, corruption, and other charges and investigations were denounced as politically motivated and criticized by observers. The Oct., 2017, presidential election was won by Jeenbekov, who had resigned as prime minister in August; the vote was again marred by irregularities. Sapar Isakov, a Social Democrat, succeeded Jeenbekov as prime minister, but Isakov lost a confidence vote in Apr., 2018, and was succeeded by Mukhammedkalyi Abylgaziev.
See S. Akinev, Islamic Peoples of the Soviet Union (1986).
He further said that Pakistani traders could use Kyrgyzstan as transit to send their products all over Russia, Kazakhstan and even to Europe.
Ambassador to Kyrgyzstan is Sheila Gwaltney; other principal embassy officials are listed in the Department's Key Officers List.
10, 2014, treaties were signed confirming that Armenia and then later Kyrgyzstan would both join the Eurasian Economic Union.
Noting that a tripartite cooperation could also be made between Turkey, Kyrgyzstan and Russia to make investments in Kyrgyzstan, Erdogan said that today Turkey and Kyrgyzstan signed an agreement to lift 90-day visas.
Otunbayeva later met with United Nation General Secretary Ban Ki-moon and evaluated the last developments in the Kyrgyzstan.
Ambassador of Kyrgyzstan in Japan Chingiz Aidarbekov pointed out a stable national development and highly developed Kyrgyz-Japanese bonds.
This year, Kyrgyzstan declared the year of strengthening the national economy.
Speaking to the AA during a three-day visit to Kyrgyzstan, Director General of the Turkish Red Crescent Omer Tasli said that the aid society would provide financial assistance to Kyrgyzstan so that new buildings could be constructed.
Pursuant to this agreement, the Yorkton group agreed to fund up to US $3,500,000, in order to earn a 50% interest in the private corporation formed for the purpose of financing the Kyrgyzstan prospects.
Orthodox Christians of Kyrgyzstan should be able to speak not only in Russian but also in Kyrgyz language, Bishop Daniel of Bishkek and Kyrgyzstan said on November 13 during the interfaith forum in Bishkek.
BISHKEK, Jun 18, 2010 (TUR) -- Turkey's Special Representative to Kyrgyzstan Ambassador Fatih Ceylan met on Thursday Kyrgyz Foreign Minister Ruslan Kazakbayev and Turkish businessmen in this country.


Random Films: Stuff To Watch Happen When You're Not Watching Stuff Happen (Part 1) | "DESTROY ALL FANBOYS!"
So, yeah. We're in uncharted yet somehow all too predictable waters at the moment. I'm seeing those history and philosopy books I read or scanned and documentaries I watched as a kid up coming to life in rapid succession and nope, that's not a good seaworthy feeling in the guts that's happening. Diversions, diversions are required in this case, but I prefer focused ones that fit the climate over ones that beg me to continually forget it. Anyway, a few recommends to see for you if you're so inclined, have an open mind and don't want to be left behind.
No commentary needed on these, but trailers are added to get your eyes and brain to get your fingers clicking on getting these added to that 'must-see' queue. Four for today should be enough – there are a load more I'll get to over time. Distractions about disruption over participation in destruction, I say.
This entry was posted in Commentary, DAF, Features, Humor, Movie Posters, Updates and tagged 2017, A Face In The Crowd, Adulting, Classic Film, Imports, Movie Trailers, Movies, Opinion, Politics, The Boy With Green Hair, Things to Come, YouTube, Z by geelw. Bookmark the permalink.
This is an awesome list, thanks for putting it together.


text:
package com.hp.ov.sdk.resources.storage;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions;
import cucumber.api.junit.Cucumber;

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(
    format = { "pretty", "html:target/cucumber" },
    glue = { "com.hp.ov.sdk.resources" },
    features = {
            "classpath:cucumber/storage/driveEnclosure.feature", // Synergy only
            "classpath:cucumber/storage/fcSanDeviceManagerSynergy.feature",
            "classpath:cucumber/storage/fcSanProviderSynergy.feature",
            "classpath:cucumber/storage/fcSansManagedSanSynergy.feature",
            "classpath:cucumber/storage/storagePool.feature",
            "classpath:cucumber/storage/storageSystem.feature",
            "classpath:cucumber/storage/storageVolume.feature",
            "classpath:cucumber/storage/storageVolumeTemplate.feature",
            "classpath:cucumber/storage/sasLogicalJbod.feature", // Synergy only
            "classpath:cucumber/storage/sasLogicalJbodAttachment.feature", // Synergy only
            "classpath:cucumber/storage/storageVolumeAttachmentSynergy.feature"
            },
    monochrome = true,
    tags = { "@getAll, @get, @create, @createMultiple, @createOne, @update, @patch, "
            + "@repair, @refresh, @synergy, @onlyOV310, @remove",
            "~@C7000", "~@disabled", "~@onlyOV3" })

public class AllStorageTestsSynergy {

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Rosenberg J, Wachter K, Weintraub R. Concept Note: Malnutrition. Harvard Business Publishing. 2015.Abstract
Download GHD-C08 Concept Note: Malnutrition
This concept note provides an overview of malnutrition, including its definition, causes, and management related to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. It also describes the state of global malnutrition, including national and international efforts to reduce malnutrition and the stakeholders involved.
Learning Objectives: To further students' and instructors' understanding of malnutrition-related concepts presented in the Global Health Delivery (GHD) Case Collection (e.g., GHD-031: Reducing Child Malnutrition in Maharashtra, India).
Keywords: Maternal and child health, children, intergenerational disease, public-private partnership, nutrition, strategy, political leadership, scale-up, community health workers, health care delivery, malnutrition, cross-sector collaboration
Wachter K, Rosenberg J, Singal R, Weintraub R. Reducing Child Malnutrition in Maharashtra, India. Harvard Business Publishing. 2015.Abstract
Download GHD-031 Reducing Child Malnutrition in Maharashtra
This case demonstrates what it takes to address a chronic, intergenerational public health issue. It explores the drivers behind the reduction of malnutrition in Maharashtra State, India, from 2001–2013. Specifically, the case examines the strategies and management decisions of leaders of the government-established Rajmata Jijau Mother-Child Health and Nutrition Mission as they worked to reduce the incidence of malnutrition in children and women through a multi-sectoral collaborative approach.
Stunting Syndrome from Conception through Adulthood. Dark blue denotes the period between conception and 2 years ('the first 1000 days') when interventions are most effective. Light blue denotes the time period between 2 years and mid-childhood and during the adolescent growth spurt when some catch-up in linear growth may occur. The light blue period before Conceptus reflects evidence that dietary interventions targeting stunted women pre-conception improve birth outcomes. Gray denotes periods when the stunting syndrome appears unresponsive to interventions. Dashed line–a stunted child whose environment becomes more affluent with abundant access to food, causing excessive weight gain; solid line–a stunted child whose environment remains resource-constrained/food insecure. Source: Adapted by case writers with assistance from Isabelle Celentano from Pendergast AJ, Humphrey JH. "The stunting syndrome in developing countries," Paediatr Int Child Health. 2014;34(4):250-265; doi:10.1179/2046905514Y.0000000158.
Learning Objectives: A productive class discussion will allow students to appreciate how to configure specific interventions and indicators to ameliorate and measure malnutrition for a local setting; the complexity and importance of crafting policies and generating political will across sectors in support of nutrition programs; and the role of a strong community workforce in enabling nutrition programs to reach the target population.
Wachter K, Talbot JR, Weintraub R. Partners In Health in Neno District, Malawi. Harvard Business Publishing. 2013.Abstract
Download GHD-029 PIH in Malawi
Set in Neno District, Malawi from 2007–2012, the case focuses on the economic impact of investing in health care infrastructure. It examines management decisions that leaders of Abwenzi Pa Za Umoyo (APZU) and its founding organization—Partners In Health (PIH)—made as they supported the Government of Malawi in building a hospital and scaling up the delivery of APZU clinical and social programs across Neno district. The case highlights how a non-governmental organization can navigate the politics and local culture to improve Malawi's health care system in close partnership with a strong, protocol-driven government. The case begins with Ophelia Dahl, co-founder and executive director of Partners In Health, reflecting on her December 2011 trip to Neno, nearly four years after her first visit. She observed signs of progress unrelated to health—bank branches had opened in town, a new road had been built, and the market had expanded dramatically. Ultimately, the case explores what this demonstrates about the value of her organization's investments in health.
In the foreground: One-story original structures of Neno Rural Hospital used for outpatient and maternity services. In back: Two-story building constructed by APZU and partners used for inpatient wards, meetings, computer use, laboratory work, and government offices. Source: Keri Wachter, 2012.
Learning Objectives: To understand the challenges of hiring and retaining local and expat staff, the complexity of an international NGO partnering with the government to improve health care, how leadership acumen and approaches impact scaling up and sustaining health care delivery, the relationship between the district hospital and the local economy, and how to assess impact beyond health measures.
Keywords: Global health, social equality, project management, business and government relations, partnerships, strategy, economic development, health care policy, health care delivery, public health, human resource management, developing countries, innovation
ole-MoiYoi K, Talbot JR, Weintraub R. Roll-Out of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria in Swaziland. Harvard Business Publishing. 2012.Abstract
Download GHD-025 Roll-Out of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria in Swaziland
After outlining the history of malaria in Swaziland, this focused case study examines the implementation of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria in Swaziland to improve case management and to strengthen the national malaria surveillance system as the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) aims to implement a national elimination strategy. In addition to information on RDT selection, the case details Swaziland's quality assurance program-the first of its kind in the region, the public health benefits of the immediate disease notification system for active case detection, and Simon Kunene's leadership qualities as the manager of the NMCP for 24 years. The case addresses the necessary increases in financing and human resources to support the strategy and evaluates the impact of RDTs on the strategy. Challenges the NMCP faces in achieving malaria elimination include sustaining political will, interest, and financial commitments from donors and strengthening health workforce training and RDT procurement and distribution.
Milestones toward Malaria Elimination. Source: The Global Malaria Action Plan: For a malaria-free world. Roll Back Malaria Partnership, 2008. (Exhibit 4 from "Roll-Out of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria in Swaziland" case.
Learning Objectives: To understand the role of diagnostics in a malaria elimination strategy, what it takes to effectively integrate a new diagnostic into care delivery, how leaders generate social and political capital over time, and the intricacies of managing a national disease program.
Keywords: National strategy, supply chain management, diagnostic testing strategies, malaria eradication and control
Charumilind S, Jain SH, Rhatigan J. The 100% Condom Program: Part B. Harvard Business Publishing. 2011.Abstract
Download GHD-001B HIV in Thailand Condom Program Part B
This document supplements HIV in Thailand: the 100% Condom Program and recounts the eventual nationwide adoption of that program and its impact on HIV in Thailand.
HIV and AIDS Projections, 1985-2020. Source: Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Health (projections based on data up to 2003). (Exhibit 6 from the "HIV in Thailand: The 100% Condom Program" case.)
Learning Objectives: To examine the national spread of a regional disease prevention program and evaluate its impact.
Supporting Content: This document supplements HIV in Thailand: the 100% Condom Program.
Keywords: HIV prevention, stakeholder alignment, harm reduction
Cole C, May M, Talbot JR, Weintraub R, Porter ME. The Avahan India AIDS Initiative: Managing Targeted HIV Prevention at Scale. Harvard Business Publishing. 2011.Abstract
Download GHD-020 Avahan at Scale
This case is the second in a two-part series describing the Avahan Indian AIDS Initiative (Avahan), a large-scale HIV prevention delivery program of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Gates Foundation). The case examines Avahan's choice of intervention strategies in the face of the HIV epidemic of India in 2002. It describes Avahan's structure, operations, and execution style, as well as how Avahan's management system for its seven "state lead partners" and 137 district-level nongovernmental organizations was applied initially to scale and later to sustain the delivery model. The case ends with Avahan's director planning to transfer program ownership to the Government of India.
Examples of Microplanning Tools Developed by Avahan SLPs. Source: Created by case writers. (Exhibit 10 "The Avahan India AIDS Initiative: Managing Targeted HIV Prevention at Scale" case.)
Learning Objectives: To understand the strategies needed to deliver HIV prevention services at scale; how the configuration of management activities can enable rapid scale up of HIV prevention programming; and how these management activities must evolve to sustain delivery at scale.
Keywords: Management and operations, HIV prevention, transferring large-scale programs to government ownership, scaling up, sustainability, strategy
Charumilind S, Jain SH, Rhatigan J. HIV in Thailand: The 100% Condom Program. Harvard Business Publishing. 2011.Abstract
Download GHD-001 HIV in Thailand Condom Campaign
Thailand's 100% Condom Program, which was implemented nationwide in 1991, is widely credited with averting a generalized HIV epidemic in that nation. This case traces the development and implementation of Thailand's 100% Condom Program including its conception, the development of a pilot program in one province, and the program's early regional expansion. It frames these events within the country's general political, economic, and health situation; the epidemiology and public perception of HIV/AIDS; the government's early HIV policy; and the economics of the commercial sex industry. The case explores how public health interventions are designed, refined, and spread. The case ends in early 1991 with the program's founder trying to find ways to spread the successful regional program nationwide.
Sex establishments in Patpong Area, including go-go bars and members clubs. Source: "HIV in Thailand: The 100% Condom Program" case.
Learning Objectives: To understand the principles behind the design of disease prevention programs and to examine how successful programs align incentives among various stakeholders to achieve their objectives.
Supporting Content: This case has a supplementary summary of history and next steps, titled The 100% Condom Program: Part B.
Bitton A, Talbot JR, Clarke L. Tobacco Control in South Africa. Harvard Business Publishing. 2011.Abstract
Download GHD-012 Tobacco Control in South Africa
This case reviews the policy changes in tobacco control in post-apartheid South Africa from 1994 to 1996 under the leadership of Minister of Health Dr. Nkosazana Zuma. After providing contextual information on South Africa, including historical, demographic, social, and health information, the case delves into the history of tobacco and of global tobacco control efforts. The case then details the history of tobacco in South Africa, including data collection, epidemiology, early control efforts, and the policy efforts of the mid-1990s. The case describes the African National Congress (ANC)'s policy victories under Zuma's leadership. Knowing that tobacco disproportionately affected certain racial and minority groups, Zuma made tobacco control a top priority. With the support of the President, local tobacco experts, and anti-tobacco advocates, Zuma worked hard to break previous connections between the government and the tobacco industry and to reduce smoking. The case ends in 1996 when smoking prevalence had declined to 32% from 34% in 1995, but South Africa still had one of the highest levels in the developing world. As the ANC was preparing to enact the new Constitution that reinforced health promotion, Zuma had to determine what her next move would be for tobacco control and how she would prioritize it with the other health needs of the country.
Tobacco Control as Health Promotion. Source: Reddy, SP and Swart D. Unraveling Health Promotion: A Framework for Action: Tobacco Control. MRC: 1998. (Exhibit 8 in "Tobacco Control in South Africa" case.)
Learning Objectives: To understand the political and economic forces that impact tobacco control legislation in a country undergoing an epidemiological shift, the role of research and data, and the value of health communication, chronic disease prevention, and advocacy in health care delivery.
Supporting Content: This case has a supplementary summary of history and next steps, titled Tobacco Control in South Africa: Next Steps.
Keywords: Chronic disease prevention, advocacy, health policy, tobacco control
Bitton A, Taranto L, Talbot JR, Kadar E. Tobacco Control in South Africa: Next Steps. Harvard Business Publishing. 2011.Abstract
Download GHD-012B Tobacco Control in South Africa: Next Steps
This case is a supplement to Tobacco Control in South Africa, which reviews the policy changes in tobacco control in post-apartheid South Africa from 1994 to 1996 under the leadership of Minister of Health Dr. Nkosazana Zuma. This case explains what happened after 1996, the steps Zuma took to continue her fight against tobacco (including expanding research capacity, getting increases in excise taxes passed, and pushing national legislation through) and what happened after her departure in 1999.
Relationship between Excise Tax Rate and Cigarette Consumption in South Africa. Source: van Walbeek C, WHO. Tobacco Excise Taxation in South Africa. (Exhibit 2 in "Tobacco Control in South Africa: Next Steps" case.)
Learning Objectives: To understand the political and economic forces and the role of research and data in implementing tobacco control legislation in a country undergoing an epidemiological shift, and the value of health communication, chronic disease prevention, and advocacy in health care delivery.
Supporting Content: This case is the supplement to Tobacco Control in South Africa.
May M, Rhatigan J. BRAC's Tuberculosis Program: Pioneering DOTS Treatment for TB in Rural Bangladesh. Harvard Business Publishing. 2011.Abstract
Download GHD-010 BRAC's TB Control Program
This case examines the development of a tuberculosis (TB) treatment program in Bangladesh by the non-governmental organization, BRAC, from 1984 to 2006. After providing background about Bangladesh, the burden of TB there, and BRAC, the case examines how this program was piloted and grew to cover a population of 80 million people. It details how BRAC was able to create a TB control program that utilized community health workers to perform most of its essential functions including case finding, directly-observed therapy, identification of complications, and record keeping. The case concludes with a brief summary of BRAC's expansion to Afghanistan and recently, Africa, and asks the reader to consider the feasibility of this TB care model in other contexts and in other conditions, such as HIV/AIDS.
Timeline of BRAC TB Program Expansions. Source: From One to Many: Scaling Up Health Programs in Low-Income Countries. Edited by Richard A Cash, A Mushtaque R. Chowdhury, George B. Smith, and Faruque Ahmed (2010). Ch 13. Islam A and May MA. Decentralized Management in the Expansion of BRAC's Rural Tuberculosis Program (DOTS). Pgs. 207-214. (Exhibit 3 in "BRAC's Tuberculosis Program: Pioneering DOTS Treatment for TB in Rural Bangladesh" case.)
Learning Objectives: To understand effective strategies for effectively engaging community health workers to deliver complex medical and public health interventions to large populations in low resource settings.
Supporting Content: The sequel to this case is titled Tuberculosis in Dhaka: BRAC's Urban TB Program.
Keywords: Community health workers, tuberculosis control, rural nongovernmental organizations, social enterprise
May M, Cash R, Rhatigan J. Tuberculosis in Dhaka: BRAC's Urban TB Program. Harvard Business Publishing. 2011.Abstract
Download GHD-011 BRAC's Urban TB Program
This case examines BRAC's experience expanding its rural TB program to the urban environment of Dhaka between 2002 and 2008. The case provides background information about Dhaka and describes what TB services existed at the time. The case then describes the expansion of BRAC's TB program into Dhaka and details innovations in the Urban program. Students should gain an understanding of how these program modifications were a response to the specific challenges the program faced in the urban setting. The case allows an exploration of how successful health care delivery program adapt to new environments.
Map of Dhaka. Source: Available at http://www.urpnissues.com/webpage/maps/Districts/13.GIF. (Exhibit 1 in "Tuberculosis in Dhaka: BRAC's Urban TB Program" case.)
Learning Objectives: To understand how a successful health care delivery program that is uniquely tailored to a particular setting can adapt its operations in a new environment.
Supporting Content: This case is a sequel to BRAC's Tuberculosis Program: Pioneering DOTS Treatment for TB in Rural Bangladesh.
Keywords: Service delivery innovation, tuberculosis control, urban nongovernmental organizations
Dhillon R, Rhatigan J. The Measles Initiative. Harvard Business Publishing. 2011.Abstract
Download GHD-015 The Measles Initiative
This case examines the work of the Measles Initiative (MI), a consortium of multiple international organizations, in helping catalyze a global effort to reduce worldwide measles-related mortality by expanding delivery of measles vaccinations. After providing background information on the biology of the measles virus and the epidemiology of measles, it recounts the formation of the MI, its partnership structure, its goals, its program design, and its financing. The case focuses on how multilateral global health initiatives coordinate with national governments to improve health care delivery. By 2009, the MI had made significant gains in reducing measles mortality, but was facing decreased funding and was questioning its strategy going forward.
Clinical Presentations of Measles. Image A Source: CDC: Image 132. Public Health Image Library. Available at: http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp?pid=132. Image B Source: CDC: Image 6887. Public Health Image Library. Available at http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp?pid=6887. (Exhibit 1 from "The Measles Initiative" case.)
Learning Objectives: To understand how multi-lateral, international disease-control initiatives are designed, coordinated, and financed and to examine how these initiatives interact with national health systems to achieve their objectives.
Keywords: Coordination of multilateral global health initiatives and national governments, international partnerships, measles vaccination campaigns, strategy
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Articles, Filmmaker Profile February 11, 2020 February 12, 2020
Christina Hodson on Writing the Diverse, Girl Gang Story of "Birds of Prey"
by laurenlola
Christina Hodson attends the world premiere for Birds of Prey (and The Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn) in cinemas February 7th. (Photo by Tim P. Whitby)
Screenwriter Christina Hodson has been in the entertainment industry for several years, but has gained recent attention for her work on films like Bumblebee. Birds of Prey (and the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn)–a predominantly female-led superhero epic filled with many violent moments and zero f-bombs to give–is her first venture into the DC Extended Universe, as one half the predominantly Asian creative team (CAAMFest alum Cathy Yan is the film's director). Hodson is also set to write the scripts for the upcoming films about Batgirl and The Flash.
Hodson recently spoke with CAAM about writing Birds of Prey and starting up a pitch program with actor and producer Margot Robbie.
-Lauren Lola
How did you wind up with the opportunity to write Birds of Prey?
I met with Margot Robbie four and a half years ago, so summer 2015. She had gone to the studio – she was still shooting Suicide Squad – and she went to the studio and said, "I want to do an R-rated Harley Quinn-Birds of Prey girl gang movie," which was an incredible bold thing to do. I give her all credit for that. She and I met just for a coffee not long there after and I just totally fell in love with her as a human and her passion for this idea. I love the idea of doing an R-rated movie about female relationships because we don't get to see those onscreen very often, particularly in this kind of space.
We've been friends ever since. We started working on it way back then, went through a lot of different iterations of pitching it to the studio and convincing them that an R-rated comic book movie with a bunch of women could work. It's been a long, fun road since then.
How would you describe the writing process for this film?
Fun. I mean, it's a weird movie, as you all know, if you've seen it. It's kind of all over the place because it's told by Harley. It felt like writing nothing else, honestly, because with Harley as your mouthpiece, all rules are off. But also you have to try and write a movie that is coherent and that has three acts. So it was mostly just incredibly challenging but incredibly, incredibly fun.
Cathy Yan, Director, Chris Messina, Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Ella Jay Basco, Jurnee Smollett-Bell, Ewan McGregor, Margot Robbie, Christina Hodson, Writer, Image Credit: Warner Bros.
With you as the screenwriter, Cathy Yan as the director, and the cast mainly women all from very diverse backgrounds, how is it for you to see a film like this coming out with diversity on the rise in mainstream media?
Hugely gratifying, and I wish there were movies like this around when I was a kid. That's honestly a big part of why I do what I do and what I believe in, is that I want my nieces growing up to be seeing people like them onscreen. All of my nieces and nephews are mixed race. I want for my nephew to grow up with female superheroes of his era, and he is, and it's amazing.
But certainly when I was growing up, I wasn't seeing a lot of characters like this, and certainly not together. Sarah Connor and Ellen Ripley are two of my favorite onscreen heroes of all time. But they were always solo, you know? It was just them and a bunch of men. So to be able to see a group of women standing together and being strong together, I think is… to me it's very important, and I hope it inspires people.
Can you talk a little bit about your experiences also being the co-producer of the film?
Yeah. It was an amazing honor and I'm incredibly grateful to Warner [Bros.] for that. They have been a dream studio to work with. It's a rarity that a writer ends up staying on the movie the whole way through, and to be able to be on set everyday, in that co-producer capacity, to be involved in all the decisions, they were so generous in that regard; as were the other producers, [Robbie] obviously being the first one because it was just the two of us. It's a real rarity in the feature business, and it shouldn't be, because I think writing is a collaborative process. Filmmaking is a collaborative process and I think the film benefits from having one writer throughout, so I hope studios do that more and more.
You started a pitch program with [Robbie], is that correct?
We did! It's called the Lucky Exports Pitch Program.
Can you talk a little bit about that?
Yeah. So basically, the statistics of working feature writers, I looked in the last WGA report which came out in 2016. So when Time's Up kicked off, I looked into those statistics and was pretty horrified honestly. There are about 1,600 working feature writers. Of them, men outnumber women three to one, and of that 1,600, only 114 are people of color of either gender.
So those were astonishingly bad statistics, and I was like, "I want to make a change. I want to do something." Given how bad the numbers are, I was like, "There is a way I can move the needle, even just little old me." So I came up with the idea for this writers' program, pitched it to [Robbie] and [her production company] LuckyChap. LuckyChap is predicated on the idea that we can make a change and we can get more women onscreen and behind the camera, so they were such natural partners and were just incredible.
I then hired a wonderful executive named Morgan Howell, who really put this thing on her back and got us up and running. We ran the four-week program in November with six writers each starting with just a very nascent kernel of an idea, not even a one-liner, and we took them all the way through, breaking down the ideas act by act, scene by scene, outlining the movies and then developing really strong pitches. Throughout the four weeks, we had fantastic guest speakers. [Robbie] was the first, obviously, talking about reading things as an actor. But we had studio execs, directors, producers, writers, and it was just the most rewarding, wonderful experience. We are going to be taking these pitches in two weeks to the studios and hopefully sell them all.
Has your work on Birds of Prey helped you prepare at all for writing Batgirl and The Flash?
Yes! Mostly I'm just very happy to stay in the DC family. I love the DC Universe creatively. I just think that comics having such an amazing, rich, varied history, and I've loved doing all of the research on all of them. But also just getting to work with Walter Hamada, getting to know Galen Vaisman over there at the studio, they're really good people and they really care passionately about this universe and these projects. That's rare in a corporate studio world. So to be working with them again on these two other movies is a fantastic treat. I'm very, very grateful.
This interview has been edited for length and clarity. Birds of Prey (and the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn) is now playing in theaters.
birds of prey, cathy yan, Christina Hodson, DC
CAAMFest Alum Cathy Yan on the Fantabulous Experience of Directing "Birds of Prey"


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Home Heroes Blog The Weird Way I Got Into Star Trek: The Next Generation
The Weird Way I Got Into Star Trek: The Next Generation
Blog post by our founder Tony B Kim
It was the summer of summer of 1986 and I was just a young fanboy spending my school days daydreaming about life in the final frontier. While I already wrote about how Star Trek changed my life, I wanted to dive a little deeper in the significance of The Next Generation. Eons before Netflix and Youtube, I was still on a steady diet of Star Trek reruns and a handful of movies. I was an Original Series fan ever since I could remember and I would have never imagine a new generation would be a reality. When I first heard rumors of the return of Star Trek to television, I couldn't believe it. I was both elated yet skeptical. How could they possibly have an Enterprise without Captain Kirk at the wheel?! I was convinced it wouldn't live up to the legacy and its contribution to Trek would be short. But how could I wait a year to learn more about what was to come? We had no internet, no Comic Cons, and no regular publications except Starlog Magazine (remember that one?). What was I to do?
The geek gods found favor on me. Somehow, I was gifted what I presume to be a production Bible for what I learned would be "Star Trek The Next Generation". An older friend gave it to me and I didn't ask questions about it. This red binder was filled with a couple of hundred pages that were copies of copies. Clearly it was not a fan guide or Trek encyclopedia, but something not intended for my eyes. Many of the photocopied pages were barely legible. Contained in this treasure was EVERYTHING to know about the upcoming series, that was still a year out from premiering! It had so much detailed information that I kind of doubted the legitimacy of it. For a year, I studied every page, illustration and diagram. Translating the detailed descriptions into moving images, I dreamt the potential of this series. I even had a Star Trek wall calendar (remember those?) and I counted down the 365 days till the first episode. Waiting was excruciating. You guess you could say, 'it was the best of times, it was the worst of times'.
Needless to say, I fell in love with Star Trek The Next Generation... although it was an adjustment. TNG was a much different approach than the Kirk era, but it was for the better. Reboot and sequel culture started a long time ago largely due to Star Trek. However, I can't think of any franchises that opted to bring in a distinctly older (and balder) lead to replace the traditional swashbuckling hero. Patrick Stewart brought so much character and gravitas as Captain of the Enterprise that is really unlike any protagonist inside or outside of the Trek universe. Jean Luc Picard was strong, decisive, courageous yet still human and compassionate. His sense of justice and conviction to do what is right informed much of my youth. Besides being a tremendously talented actor, Patrick Stewart has also been a role model to a 'new generation'. He has become one of my favorite actors today.
For many years, I wrestled with the age old question of who was my Captain- Kirk or Picard? A debate that seemingly circled every Star Trek Convention from the late 80s and 90s. Out of loyalty for the legacy, I would default to Kirk. It's now been 18 years(!) since we've seen Jean Luc in uniform (Star Trek Nemesis). The world has changed both in reality and in the 24th century. Since that time and almost two decades of rewatching The Next Generation and her movies, I can without a doubt say that Jean Luc Picard is my Captain. Besides my respect for the actor, I feel like the Picard is the kind of leader we need in today's crazy world. No disrespect to James Kirk but I'm not sure his style of leadership has aged well. I eagerly anticipate the new adventures awaiting in Star Trek Picard. Whatever happens, I'm sure it will be a worthy chapter in Jean Luc's legacy. I'm proud that our first Star Trek piece for Hero Within is specifically a Picard Jacket. In many ways this is a dream come true for me. I designed this 'adventure jacket' to be both stylish and utilitarian. It's super comfortable but very functional. Something you could wear camping or out socially with friends. Aesthetically, I wanted it to symbolize the journey that Picard will be on for this series. If you are a big Trekkie like I am, I think you'll love this jacket. I made it with you in mind... and for the purpose of going where no one has gone before. More to come so stay tuned!
Tony B Kim
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Starting a career can be confusing but the annual Salish Kootenai College Career Fair aim is to provide support in the process.
The post Students Get Headstart at Salish Kootenai College Career Fair appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
While about one-third of Americans have obtained at least a bachelor's degree, only about 1.5 percent of tribal members on the Red Lake Indian Reservation hold one. The Red Lake Band is on a mission to change that.
The post Red Lake Nation College Hopes to Close 'Education Canyon' appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
Add filmmaking to the list of skills and interests being developed at the College of the Muscogee Nation. This spring semester, a group of CMN students decided to undertake the daunting task of producing a short film.
The post Lights, Camera, Create appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
This four-day Tribal Colleges and Universities event at Bismarck Event Center, North Dakota, will offer students the opportunity to interact with NASA engineers and others professionals under the NASA Community College Aerospace Scholars (NCAS) program, where students learn about careers in science and engineering.
The post NASA Competition Held at Tribal College and University Student Conference appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
Thirty-six tribal colleges have sent students to Bismarck this week to showcase their talents. Hundreds of students are at the Bismarck Event Center to show off their talents at the American Indian Higher Education Conference.
The post American Indian Higher Education Conference Showcases Students' Talents appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
Among those representing the future of American agriculture were this year's USDA Student Diversity Program winners, students from the Virginia chapter of the National FFA Organization, and students from the 1994 Tribal Colleges and Universities. These special guests shared their impressions of the event.
The post The Next Generation of Agriculture at the Ag Outlook Forum appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
Marceau's Arctic adventure started with a flyer he saw at his home college for the Semester in the Arctic program, through Iḷisaġvik College. Since the emphasis of the program was to do a cross-cultural exchange, Marceau said he looked at the opportunity as "an epic way to experience my brothers and sisters in the far north."
The post Ilisagvik Student Spends College Semester in Arctic appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
The Willow AGEP Alliance--a joint effort of the University of Montana and two tribal colleges, Salish Kootenai College in Montana and Sitting Bull College in North Dakota — began this past August. The four-year program, funded by the National Science Foundation, focuses on mentorship and includes a research component to examine variables that might support or hinder professional development among Native Americans in STEM.
The post Five Questions for Rosalyn LaPier on Native Americans in Science appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
Nelson says LCO offers associate degree programs, as well as, one-year certificate programs. Nelson says a common misconception is the thought that LCO is only open to Native Americans. This is not true, as all students are welcome.
The post LCO Community College Offers Educational Opportunities to All appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
Bay Mills Community College has received a federal grant to study biodiversity and pollution levels in Lake Superior's Waishkey Bay.
The post College Awarded Federal Grant to Study Lake Superior Bay appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
The post Leech Lake Tribal College STEM Department Is Hosting the 4th Annual "Across the Universe" Event appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
The American Indian College Fund honored Dr. Cynthia Lindquist, president of Cankdeska Cikana Community College (CCCC) in Ft. Totten, North Dakota, for her outstanding contributions to American Indian higher education as its Tribal College and University Honoree of the Year.
The post American Indian College Fund Names Cynthia Lindquist Honoree of the Year and Announces Students of the Year appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
The post Think Indian Campaign Seeks to Increase Native Student College Enrollment appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
The post Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College Hosts River Watch Congress appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
Tribal college students and presidents met in the nation's capital to advocate for American Indian higher education.
The post Takin' It to the Hill: The 2018 AIHEC Winter Meeting appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
North America's first citizens have made invaluable contributions to sporting history. Sharing their stories can help affirm tribal college students' intrinsic pride in Native athletics.
The post Native Athletics in the Olympics and Beyond appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
The world's largest chefs' association, the American Culinary Federation (ACF), inducted Navajo Technical University (NTU) culinary arts director Robert Witte into its distinguished American Academy of Chefs.
The post Navajo Technical University Culinary Arts Director Inducted into Distinguished Honor Society appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
The Institute encourages writers who are building the idea of "Native Excellence" to set standards and foster deep convictions.
The post Graduates of the Institute of American Indian Arts Are Beginning to Make Their Mark appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
Former President Debra J. Parrish resigned at the end of January after almost 30 years, said KBOCC Board Chairman Robin Chosa. Parrish left a large spot to fill. With this new task, the board is still figuring things out and determining what works.
The post Taking Its Time: KBOCC Seeks New President appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.
The post American Indian College Fund Launches New Repository of Research on Native Higher Education appeared first on Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education.


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BNP Paribas and Bulgaria's Belene
BNP Paribas (BNPP) won the first competition for financing Belene, reported ITAR-TASS on May 14. The bank said that, together with other partners, it would provide the 250 million euro loan needed to start construction.
BNPP defeated 10 other competitors in winning the tender for the funding. In April 2007, the National Electricity Company (NEC) announced the procedure on choosing a bank to give the first loan. The money is planned to be used for planning, acquisition of equipment and construction during the first year of the project.
09:00 Mon 21 May 2007 - Elitsa Grancharova
FINE EFFORT: Sixty-six bankers from BNP Paribas' offices in London, Paris, Madrid, Rome and Geneva dedicated the entire May 11 to doing repairs at the orphanage in Mezdra town, western Bulgaria.
The contract with BNPP is still not signed, NEC said. They said they would give more information after the bank puts its name under the agreement.
According to BNPP Bulgarian unit general director Ullrich Schubert, the bank is NEC's preferred choice in terms of financial and technical conditions. He said he was optimistic the agreement could be signed "within the next one or two weeks".
To be able to give bigger loans, at the end of 2006 BNPP became a branch.
The bank has a strong position in financing projects in the Bulgarian energy field, Bulgarian daily Dnevnik reported. BNPP was a consultant in the sale of the seven energy distribution companies and took part in the financing of the construction of the new 650 MW capacity in Maritsa Iztok coal-fired thermo power plant. BNPP's name is also mentioned in connection to the construction of the Nabuko gas pipeline from the Caspian region.
Green Policy institute and BeleNE coalition representative Petko Kovachev told The Sofia Echo that BNPB was undertaking a considerable risk to finance a project, which has ecological, seismic, ecological and other problems, he said.
"Independently of this development, we think that the project is not able to generate enough finance. Recent information sources indicate that the Government is starting a dangerous game in giving state support to the project, which could prove to be in contradiction with EU legislation," Kovachev said.
Meanwhile, on May 4, at a meeting chaired by Michel Pebereau, the BNP Paribas board of directors examined the group's results for the first quarter of the year and revealed them in a media statement.
They showed substantial growth, booking quarterly revenues of 8.213 million euro, up 20.5 per cent compared to the first quarter of 2006. This performance is due to the successful integration of BNL, with the first resulting synergies, to sustained organic growth at the group's core businesses (+ 7.1 per cent at constant scope and exchange rates) and to significant capital gains.
The trend in operating expenses (4.586 million euro) reflected this forward momentum, while remaining under control: + 18.7 per cent compared to the first quarter of 2006 (+ 5.8 per cent at constant scope and exchange rates), the media statement said. This yielded a positive effect of 1.8 points for the Group and 1.3 points for the core businesses at constant scope and exchange rates.
Gross operating income totalled 3.627 million euro, up 22.7 per cent compared to the first quarter of 2006 (+ 8.9 per cent for the core businesses at constant scope and exchange rates).
Provisions (260 million euro) were 144 million euro higher than in the first quarter of 2006. Of that amount, 109 million euro were attributable to expanded scope, chiefly related to BNL.
BNPP net income group share was 2.507 million euro, up 24.5 per cent compared to the first quarter of 2006.
The bank is an European leader in banking and financial services ranking among the world's top 15 banks by market capitalisation. It has more than 140 000 employees.
In Bulgaria, BNP Paribas is a leading commercial and investment bank. It serves large and medium-sized corporate and institutional clients, spanning over the major sectors in the local economy.


Got impatient, it has be a very hot day and I have regatta coming up and there was a window to try fitting the gunwales. The extra clamps have not arrived but I figure I can add these later and pull the gunwales into place a little more later. It was evening when I fitted them so they where cool but smelt of wet wood. The wood did bend into place quite easily and I think the wetting and solar heating had an effect though to be honest it was not a massive.


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