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VikingLegion
Senior Scribe
Posted - 16 Nov 2019 : 12:38:04
Not to derail or anything, everyone feel free to continue the wonderful conversation going on in the last page. But in the meantime I've finished The Adversary.
I've said it before and I'll say it again - Erin Evans is one of the best character builders around (with a nod to Elaine, the ultimate in that respect). I swear, if I didn't know better I'd say she was tricking me into reading (and enjoying!) a cheesy teen romance novel - like some kind of guilty pleasure I don't want to admit to. Her depiction of the sisters is so spot on, I feel like I've known them for years. Their fears and insecurities are so well-developed. Lorcan's ability to prey upon and manipulate them is scary good - to the point where I hope Erin never notices me and decides to psychologically destroy me. Seriously, I often think about that when I read things like Game of Thrones, or watch a movie like Silence of the Lambs. For the author to be able to conceive of such darkness and deviousness, do they have to have a little bit of it in them? Erin, if you ever read this, I'M JUST KIDDING, PLEASE DO NOT CONDEMN MY SOUL TO THE NINE HELLS.
Speaking of, her depiction of the Hells, all the fiendish plotting, back door deals, and overall hierarchy is amazing. It's funny, the actual story itself - a concentration camp filled with Chosen being harvested in some Shar plotline (you know, that Sundering thing) takes a backseat, at least in my mind, to the development of the tiefling sisters, Farideh's relationship with Lorcan, and the Hellish machinations.
Very good book, I can't wait to see the next step in this story. But up next is book 3 [edit, book 4] of the Sundering: The Reaver.
Edited by - VikingLegion on 23 Nov 2019 17:02:39
Seravin
I really like Erin in interviews and I see the appeal of her books but for some reason I couldn't force myself to finish the 2nd book in the Brimstone Angels saga...I guess I need to power through and try again because people I trust have raved about them and I'm sure I'll enjoy them in the end.
Sorry for the de-rails Viking, the community needs a place to vent the death of the FR novels I suppose!
I finished The Reaver. I can't say I cared for it much, at least early on. I tend to dislike books where the main characters are scum. In Byers' Brotherhood of the Griffon quintet the main group were mercenaries - who by definition are killers for money - but they had some dim spark of honor or scruples in their own way. Now Byers has gone even farther along the evil spectrum and casted a bloodthirsty, completely immoral pirate as the main character. Accompanying him is a self-serving Red Wizardess, and lastly a boy Chosen of Lathander (it's a weird group that got thrown together by fate). Several of the early alliances really strained credulity - you just had to /handwave a bit and let it happen.
The young boy, Stedd, seems to exude goodness and innocence - so much so that the pirate and Red Wizard start behaving in ways that seemed very out of character. It was hard to tell how much of this was him simply growing on them (unlikely, WAY too much of an alignment change) or if he was sending out a supernatural aura that was slowly and subtly shifting them along towards some semblance of goodness. I don't know... I'm all for a good redemption arc, but when it's forced like that simply by being in the presence of a Chosen and not because it's what the characters would've chosen for themselves, it seems so much less authentic.
Priests were able to cure spellplague effects in this one, I'm not sure I've seen that allowed anywhere else? Did Byers go off the reservation on that one?
There was a cool region called Gulthandor with a Narnia-like talking godking lion. I'd look into the area further but I don't know if it's all going to go away post-Sundering.
The ritual towards the end wherein the Emerald Enclave link the power of Silvanus to that of a newly risen Lathander (see what I did there?) in order to combat the nigh-eternal storms of Umberlee was really cool. All the various sylvan creatures of the area showed up to link their own power to the ritual, and the way Byers wrote it was so awesome to visualize. Easily my favorite aspect of this book.
Overall it was ok, some hits, some misses, but generally the weakest of the Sundering series thus far. Up next is Troy Denning's The Sentinel.
Madpig
Learned Scribe
Originally posted by VikingLegion
Very good book, I can't wait to see the next step in this story. But up next is book 3 of the Sundering: The Reaver.
I think everyone has their pet dislike. Like Woolys war of the spiderqueen series. Mine is Evan's books. I like her writing style and character building etc, but big BUT is that I get kind of Twilight vibe from her books. And I really tried to like them.
I finished The Sentinel today. Right off the bat I read the main character is named Kleef. Oh boy... Kleef. I think I probably harp on names more than anyone (although Wooly comes close). I just find it hard to believe an author would spend weeks, months, (longer?) to sketch out an initial concept for a story, build it, refine it, keep submitting drafts and tinkering around - but yet doesn't take just a few minutes to think about one of the most important details possible.
I see Malik makes another appearance - Denning's old pre-Spellplague pawn of Cyric and vaguely stereotypical Arabic conman. He was just as wheedling and annoying as I remembered him, but for some reason I found him to be mildly entertaining this time around. Not sure why.
There has been just a tiny bit of overlap in these Sundering novels - like the boy Stedd from the previous book, The Reaver, mentioned breaking out of the concentration camp featured in The Adversary. In this current book we see the captain of the ship they used being the same as the one from a previous one. It's a nice touch, having some interlocking pieces. But honestly it's so little it barely makes a dent, and this series seems like it didn't have much in the way of overall concept design other than to say Shar is up to something and it involves Chosen - and then letting the 6 authors all go their own ways.
This story involved a group of various Chosen - one each of Helm, Siomorphe (the deity I despise above all others), Sune, and Myrkul (but really Cyric) trying to transport an artifact to a specific destination in order to prevent an earth primordial from abandoning Toril, which in turn would somehow strengthen Shar in some vague way that I kinda, sorta understand. It didn't feel like the most inspired of efforts, but it wasn't a bad book. The characters had an interesting dynamic, lots of intrigue, plots within plots, and so on. An ok book, but nothing necessary unless you are a completionist.
Up next, naturally is the final book of the series, The Herald.
The biggest part I liked of The Reaver was when I went 'Oh! This is one way they are fixing up the Spellplague nonsense! Good job, you!"
Mirtek
There was a cool region called Gulthandor with a Narnia-like talking godking lion. I'd look into the area further but I don't know if it's all going to go away post-Sundering
The lion was Nobanion, some lion demigod who really hasn't been that important in published realms. IIRC he was reduced to the weakened corrupted state he's encountered in the novel after losing to Malar shortly after or during the spell plague
Originally posted by Mirtek
Yeah when they first saw him he was covered in blue flame and driven to a mad, feral, aggressive state. Once they purged that plague-fire from him he regained his normal mind and became a pretty important ally for a short while. It was an interesting chapter, I had not previously heard anything about this character or entire region.
I'm about 30 pages from finishing The Herald, but not sure when I'll have time for a writeup, so I'm just going to do this one now. If anything earth-shattering happens in the last chapter or two, I'll come back and amend this.
I liked the initial premise: Elminster, Storm, and Amarune are traveling across Faerun to locations of magical significance, trying to repair "Weave anchors" to stabilize magic. This small but steady approach was keeping them occupied for a bit, until the major events forced them to abandon it and go after the two biggest stationary wards in the Realms - Candlekeep and Myth Drannor.
Speaking of Candlekeep, I really liked how Ed described the place, from its architecture, to the magical shielding in place, to the overall mood - you can tell he has a great reverence for places of learning and preserved knowledge. The Prefects were especially cool once they were roused to defend the keep. I really enjoyed these segments until all hell broke loose. It was silly how many monks had been covertly slain and replaced by various agents. The Shadovar had several plants there, but so too did the Moonstars, Elminster, Larloch, towards the end it felt like there might be more imposters than actual monks. It was very Greenwood in its utter lack of subtlety and "MORE is better" approach. When contemplating who else might be after the mighty magics stored in Candlekeep, Telamont Tanthul muses how "thousands of archmages are ready to pounce." I've always felt the term archmage should refer to the undisputed masters of wizardry, and there would rarely be more than a handful extant at any one time. But I have to remind myself, this is Ed's Realms and numbers don't ever matter.
Lady Alustriel and Laeral also appear, answering a question I had as to what they've been up to for the last 100 years. Apparently posing as monks. For a century. I have a weird question about them and Storm... In the past I've seen all their hair being described as free flowing and lively, as though constantly stirred by a non-existent breeze. Or they can change the styling on a whim with concentration alone and no manual manipulation required. But in this book their hair now functions as some kind of additional appendage(s), fully prehensile and capable of wielding multiple weapons at once, picking up and throwing man-sized opponents, grasping walls and/or tree limbs to steady them, etc. Has it always been this way and I just somehow missed it? Or is this a post-Spellplague augmentation?
I had a strange thought regarding Shar while reading this book. The entire Sundering series sees Shar's hand in several simultaneous schemes to seize power:
1. The abduction (and draining) of Chosen in a massive concentration camp.
2. The attempt to drive an earth primordial away so she can claim dominion over the Underdark caverns and strengthen the link between the Shadowfell and Toril.
3. The opening of her "eye" and the all-consuming Maelstrom in Sembia as part of The Night Cycle.
4. Seizing on the power of the wards in MD and CK to warp the Weave forever into her Shadow Weave, claiming dominion over magic for all time.
Isn't all this ambition, this striving for victory, antithetical to her portfolio of despair, hopelessness, ennui? I feel like Shar is a fundamental contradiction at her core. As are her followers: they profess to worship a deity that considers hope to be anathema, but then they all have their own various plots and schemes to gain power. They all hope to rise to greatness within her church... shouldn't that make them the very worst and most faithless worshippers?
Ed's baelnorn are incorporeal spirits? I always considered them as being good-aligned elven liches - and therefore possessing physical, tangible bodies. I guess they're more like ghosts than liches, that surprised me.
Towards the end, as Myth Drannor is on the brink of being overwhelmed, Elminster comes up with a rather interesting solution to distract the thousands of mercenaries assailing the city. He has "collected" several powerful enemies over the years, plunging them into a magical stasis to keep them sealed away from the Realms. I'm not sure why that would be preferable to outright destroying them, but I'll just go with it. He, along with the Srinshee, Laeral, and Alustriel, teleport several of them into the midst of the mercenary camps, releasing them from stasis at the same time. The beasts - a black dragon, a dracolich, two beholders, and an illithid - are a bit confused at the abrupt awakening, and naturally lash out with maximum violence. I thought this was a really cool and creative idea. But at the same time, isn't it a little too convenient? El mentions that this is a great last resort weapon, because "If I fall in battle they'll all be released anyway." But where was this concern or issue in previous Elminster books? Like when he was disintegrated and sent to Hell. Wouldn't that condition be enough to release all these baddies long before now? I'll try not to think about it too much, because this was a fun chapter.
Ok, that's what I have for now. About 30-40 pages left in this one and things aren't looking great. Larloch is super-charged up from the magical strength of Candlekeep. Telamont is zeroing in on the utter annihilation of Myth Drannor, his sons are slaying every baelnorn in sight and plundering crypt after crypt after crypt. The heroes are down to just a handful of pocket resistance, it feels like the reborn glory of Myth Drannor is going to be short-lived in the grand scheme of things.
Posted - 14 Dec 2019 : 11:50:32
Well... I wrote that last bit before actually finishing the book, figuring nothing too earth-shattering would happen in the last 40 pages.
Myth Drannor is completely, utterly, and irrevocably destroyed after suffering a full on impact with the Shade city of Thultanthar. This bothered me much more than I thought it would. My primary attraction to the Forgotten Realms lies more in the ancient history than in the contemporary players and goings-on. What I've always loved about FR is the idea that at any time a person can potentially discover remnants of a previous kingdom - by falling into a tunnel while digging in your backyard, or breaking down a mysterious brick wall that doesn't match the rest in a dungeon, whatever.
Myth Drannor was always one of the big kids on the block for me as far as iconic/historic locations. I preferred it as a demon-haunted ruin, but even after the Coronal restored it to a fully functional city in the Byers series, I still entertained and enjoyed the thought that at any moment a new sub-basement could be discovered, a vault so ancient even the guardian baelnorn may no longer remember the family name.
But now.... nothing. Absolutely nothing could've survived the 100,000 megaton impact of that magnitude. Even sub-crypts buried multiple floors deep would've been utterly annihilated. The amount of lore, history, magical trinkets, guardians, etc lost in that collision must have been immense. Myth Drannor not only ceased to exist in that moment, the idea or potential of Myth Drannor was forever wiped away from the face of the Realms. This saddened me so much that I had to take a small break from FR and read another book in the interim.
But, back to the grindstone. Yesterday I finished Night of the Hunter. I turned on this one fast. As soon as Cattie-brie delivered her spiel about how the Song of Mielikki told her that orcs and goblinkin are irredeemable and must be slaughtered, I decided I didn't like this new reiteration of the Companions of the Hall. It goes against everything Drizzt stands for, against everything RAS has written up to this point. It reeks of contrivance and/or game design mandates to erase any challenging "gray" grounds of morality and reduce the setting to a rather boring black and white contest. Cat's speech was totally out of character (not that I have any idea who or what her character is anymore after the umpteenth transformation), but it read more like religious-backed demagoguery, a calling for ethnic cleansing. I hated it. The term "murder hobo" gets thrown around when discussing the actual role of D&D "adventurers", and never is it more apt than here. The Companions, sans Drizzt, joke about going off to kill some orcs and all have a hearty laugh over the prospect. These guys can all get wiped out for all I care. They are no heroes.
In other news, Yvonnel (sp?) Baenre is back. Sort of. Her memories, cunning, and a good portion of her personality has been psionically transplanted into Quenthel. House Do'Urden is being reconstituted. So it really is starting to feel like a Greatest Hits compilation. As I said before, I give RAS a ton of leeway on this front - he is just trying to repair what a bunch of execs tore down. Plus the nostalgia is fun for a bit. But, like Star Wars Episode Seven, at some point it starts to feel like I've already seen this movie.
I know this review is overwhelmingly negative. There were several fine aspects of this book. I just got so mad over Cat's speech early in the book it really biased me for the remainder. Plus I'm still more than a little butt-hurt over the annihilation of Myth Drannor. Guys, I seriously considered just concluding this project altogether. But with 11 or 12 books to go, I have to see it through. Up next is Rise of the King.
Edited by - VikingLegion on 14 Dec 2019 11:51:23
George Krashos
Master of Realmslore
Keep going. I, for one, enjoy your reviews/analysis.
-- George Krashos
"Because only we, contrary to the barbarians, never count the enemy in battle." -- Aeschylus
I agree with George in that I hope you keep going. I stopped reading FR novels long ago, so I also enjoy having you slog through them for me read through and give your thoughts . Also;
Myth Drannor not only ceased to exist in that moment, the idea or potential of Myth Drannor was forever wiped away from the face of the Realms.
About that....turns out that "100,000 megaton impact" was largely....artistic license (novels, everybody!). Here's Ed on it;
(http://forum.candlekeep.com/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=18725&whichpage=17, about halfway down)
Ed: Ah, yes. Over the years, I have been slowly trained to resist including every last game-relevant lore detail in my novels, in the interests of shaping a better narrative storyline. Guess I erred too far in pruning, this time around. Sorry; this should have made it into my final draft, but didn�t (in the interests of keeping the pacing and the �fog of war� feel up). My bad.
When the POSSIBLE danger of Thultanthar crashing became apparent (i.e. when the city started flying towards Myth Drannor, not when what El did became obvious) the Srinshee contacted all the Myth Drannan baelnorn she could and commanded them to get to the Tree of Souls and magically shield and defend it, warping the Weave to form a protective barrier around it (so when Thultanthar came crashing down, it would punch through the city like a spike, and protect the Tree). This was done, and the Tree has survived. There has been some consternation among certain readers about Myth Drannor being entirely in ruins, but not so. Like any city that�s been fought through, a big cleanup is in order, but Thultanthar is a pretty small city, and Myth Drannor, being �at one with the forest� [growing trees as dwellings, trees and moss and open forest terrain everywhere, not human-habit �pave over everything� architecture, is a very large (in footprint) city. So a relatively small area of Myth Drannor was pancaked under the shattered remnants of Shade.
Ed: The 4e population figures are ROUGHLY correct, but the siege took some time to develop (mercenary armies being mustered in Sembia and then marched north), so the elves had warning, so many of their skilled artisans, pregnant shes, young children and families with young children, ailing elderly, wounded, and so on, GOT OUT (to Semberholme first and foremost, and to Evereska and elsewhere, too). Anyone who wanted to relocate rather than fight was given that option, without shame or recrimination.
In other words, the city was down to 6,400 or so �determined and able defenders� before the siege started, and they took heavy losses in the fighting by being worn down under the weight of sheer numbers; although they were inflicting very heavy losses on the attacking mercenaries, they were slowly beaten back - - and the very �open� nature of the city made it very hard to defend. The Coronal sent some vital individuals out of the fighting by making them envoys that she sent to elven communities all over the Realms to try to get volunteer reinforcements (few of which arrived on time). So in that way she saved another hundred or so.
However, the defenders died rather than surrender or flee, so the elves still in the city were reduced to around 1000 when it became apparent that the city couldn�t be held, and the children, wounded, and elders still in the city were rushed out through the gates (as seen near the end of THE HERALD). The Coronal and Fflar were literally fighting back to back at the end, with a handful of defenders still standing, when Thultanthar came down - - and almost all of that last handful made it out to Semberholme.
So at the end of THE HERALD, a few blocks of central Myth Drannor are rubble, under the shattered remnants of Thultanthar. Scavengers (monsters) are roaming the corpse-littered vicinity, and there�s minor damage to the outlying city, which is abandoned - - probably not for long. The surviving mercenaries are foraging/pillaging/behaving like brigands, and Sembia is in such disarray that there�s no chance of Sembia (or for that matter, any other realm) �reaching in� to annex or occupy the ruins. Perhaps 5,000 elves perished defending Myth Drannor - - and yes, the Tree of Souls survives. All indications are that the
NOTE: I excised Ed's comments on some novel characters here, since I don't know if that would constitute spoilers for VikingLegion: follow the link above if you wish to read them
Many things were left �up in the air� for later stories, or for DMs to decide for themselves, for their campaign. Certain matters will be revealed in my NEXT Realms novel.
Hope this helps. Sorry for causing upset to some Realms readers!
(whether that makes you feel better or worse, I leave up to you)
YAFRP
Edited by - AJA on 14 Dec 2019 15:28:35
Keep going Viking! I too had many problems with the Herald. So two of the Chosen were just posing as monks for 100 years? While the Simbul suffered immensely and Storm and Elm tried so hard to restore her sanity, they just..acted like monks. For 100 years. I mean..it was all just so weird.
I love Ed's world building as much as or more than anyone, but some of the plot lines in his books are just objectively bad. IDK what to say about Myth D getting nuked but not really in Ed's candlekeep responses - my thinking is that the orders were to restore the Realms back to the good old days, where Myth Drannor was a monster infested shell of an elven empire in an ancient forest---and this action brought MD back to that state if you don't think too hard.
Irennan
Great Reader
The Mielikki thing makes no sense at all. There have been multiple cases of goblinoids coexisting with humans and not being evil. Heck, Eldath, who's friend to Mielikki, showed that orces can create peaceful societies. Drizzt is an example of the same theme, and Mielikki is far too well aware of him. Eilistraee is another example of this theme, and Mielikki's friends with her as well. There' no way Mielikki would say stuff like that, not to mention she has no reason to do that. She only cares about people living in harmony with nature, her point isn't general goodnes, so it makes no sense for her to even express herself on the matter. That's just Catti being the proverbial ass and using her goddess as an excuse. In any case, lore being distorted is quite common in RAS' recent stuff, and he's always used Mielikki as some paragon of good and embodiment of Drizz's idea of good, so whatever.
As for Myth Drannor, you still have the ruins, as AJA pointed out. Not that it matters musch, since only RAS get to rewrite the same plot over and over and pass it as new novels these days, and RAS doesn't acknowledge anything in FR that isn't Drizztland (and when he does, he usually doesn't even bother to check any lore whatsoever).
To all Facebook-using FR fans, you might be interested in checking out this page: https://www.facebook.com/groups/450517575051806/
Originally posted by AJA
Thank you so much for that AJA. Also thanks for cutting it off at that point (but providing the link for others) so I can still be surprised by the next couple EG novels. That was excellently done on your part and you've successfully talked me down from the proverbial ledge. In the meantime, I've finished two books, but holidays being particularly chaotic, hadn't been able to write about either. But they kind of go hand-in-hand anyway, so here I'll just do one big review for both Companions of the Codex II and III: Rise of the King and Vengeance of the Iron Dwarf.
As mentioned earlier, Cat's religious call for ethnic cleansing really soured me on the ol' gang, so I may come off a bit more snarky and sarcastic. By the way, isn't it funny that now that Cat is a cleric everyone seems to be taking much harder and more lethal wounds in combat? Convenient.
About halfway through the first book I was thinking how much of a great relief that Athrogate and his stupid rhyming hadn't made an appearance, and then - I kid you not - he showed up not 3 pages later.... *groan*
I love what's going on with Afafrenfere (even if that's one of the all-time dumbest names) and his linkage with Kane, the original Grand Master of the Monastery of the Yellow Rose. I have a soft spot in my heart for the monk class, I've played them in every iteration of D&D, and any video game that offers the class I jump all over it. I suspect RAS feels the same way. I recall reading somewhere long ago that he originally wanted his first novel series to feature a monk as the main protagonist but TSR shot that idea down. He then created Danica to be the companion of Cadderly and he's since managed to sneak them in here and there throughout his lengthy writing career. I really enjoy Kane being some kind of spectral passenger within Afrerejerefegertfsaere and imparting some of his experience, technique, and overall learnings to the young martial artist. Afa was a fairly bland character for me before this, so it was a much-needed injection to make him vastly more interesting, as well as INSANELY more powerful. Quivering Palm technique for the win!
I'm so sick of Dahlia. Just go away already. A non-drow set up as a Matron Mother in a newly reconstituted House Daermon N'a'shezbaernon - give me a break. Yeah, I know it's just Quenthel flaunting her authority and doing it as an insult to the rest of the council, but I can't imagine this being allowed to stand, no matter how iron Quenthel's grip has become on Menzoberranzan. And as other posters have pointed out a couple pages back in this thread, if Lolth/Menzo are supposed to be all about chaos, why such a rigid hierarchy and why has Baenre been allowed to rule supreme for so long?
Not sure about Doum'wielle. I know there is a graphic novel called "Cutter" that is about To'sun Armgo and Khazzid'hea (sp?) I guess it's not necessary to read the comic, but at this point I wonder how much background detail I'm missing. After a longish redemption arc wherein Tos'un renounces his drow ways and marries/has children with a Moon Elf, apparently he throws it all away, convinces his daughter to murder his son in a duel of worthiness for the sentient blade, and then tries to maim/cripple his wife in an escape attempt? No doubt the malignant weapon had a heavy influence on these events, but it seems pretty silly to me how thoroughly both Tos'un and Doum'wielle fell under its spell.
I really like the large-scale conflict between the orcs (backed by drow, frost giants, white dragons) against the goodly folks of the Silver Marches. There's some good strategic warfare writing that I tend to be more interested in than the smaller scale melees.
I did not care for the whole "Darkening" plotline, as I just can't see Lolth being so powerful as to make an entire region of Faerun go to perpetual twilight. Why haven't we seen something like this before? Where are the gods of light to counter her? Also Drizzt's "rapture" moment when it was dispelled felt ridiculous to me, even more so when it was revealed to be Gromph pulling all the strings.
As per usual, Kimmuriel can do anything.
At some point, Drizzt and Tiago are going to have to have an epic showdown. It's been flirted with several times now, but always postponed. I feel like that duel is going to be magnificent. As this trilogy ended we have the orcs routed utterly, the giants/dragons dead or returned to the deep north, and the drow mostly scattered. But Q'Xorlarrin/Gauntlgrym still stands and I feel that will have to be the final battlefield.
Up next I take a RAS break and continue with Erin Evans tiefling twins in Fire in the Blood.
Posted - 12 Jan 2020 : 14:13:21
I finished Fire in the Blood yesterday. As mentioned, I've really enjoyed Erin Evans' work up to this point, but this one fell a bit flat for me. The teenage-girl angst thing has worn thin, especially in the case of Farideh. It was so disappointing to see her sleep with Lorcan after denying him for so long. I mean, I guess it always had to happen - the trope of the girl falling for the "bad boy" that will only hurt her, never realizing a better option (the nerdy good guy that will treat her better) is right in front of her face and she doesn't realize it. It's not that the scenario wasn't believable, in fact it was too believable, too formulaic, too trite - and I was hoping for something more original and outside-the-box from the author.
Her character development continues to be superb, I feel like I know these guys as well as some people in real life, I just didn't like some of the decisions they made, the overall direction of the story. Speaking of story, this book was fairly weak on it overall. I guess the main plotline is Brin and where he stands in the line of succession among Cormyrean royalty. Yeah that Brin, the least interesting character of the gang getting 90% of a novel devoted to him. And at a whopping 629 page count, more like two novels... There was lots of royal intrigue and gossip, tons of disposable nobles coming in and out with their various plots and schemes, honestly it read more like a Greenwood novel. My favorite part of the Brimstone Angel series is seeing the various machinations of the Nine Hells and their rulers. That aspect was conspicuously light in this one. It did pick up quite a bit towards the end, but it felt like too little, too late, as I was mostly checked out by that point.
All in all, this one was a bit of a miss for me, though not without some great individual moments. Up next is Ed Greenwood's Spellstorm.
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Paul Ryan acknowledged "missteps" Sunday in the Republican presidential campaign, as the party struggled to stay on message regarding expectations for Mitt Romney's upcoming debate performance.
The Republican vice presidential candidate downplayed expectations of Romney's debate performance, though fellow conservatives insisted the White House challenger would deliver a stellar presentation.
With Romney slipping in the polls ahead of the November 6 vote, the debates with Obama — scheduled for October 3, 16 and 22 — are seen as the last chance to swing the electorate in his favor.
A key Romney "misstep" was dismissing 47 percent of Americans as government-dependent "victims" in a closed-door fundraiser he held for wealthy donors that was caught on tape.
"We've had some missteps, but at the end of the day, the choice is really clear and we're giving people a very clear choice," he added.
Ryan insisted that no single debate would "make or break" the Republican campaign.
Senator John McCain — the party's 2008 presidential candidate — has debated both Romney and Obama.
"This whole race is going to turn upside down come Thursday morning," he said.
Christie said the "Debate will turn race 'upside-down.' Ryan on Fox: 'I don't think any one event is going to make or break this campaign,'" Axelrod tweeted.


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Before founding his own Apostolate and editing his own magazine, Father Robert J. Fox for many years was a columnist for the National Catholic Register, a frequent contributor to Our Sunday Visitor as well as to various other Catholic publications, such as The Priest, Homiletic & Pastoral Review, etc. Father Robert J. Fox retired to Hanceville, Alabama near the Shrine of the Most Blessed Sacrament and the Our Lady of the Angels Monastery - both founded by Mother Angelica who founded and developed the Eternal Word Television Network that sends its television programs and short wave radio programs into more than 100 countries of the world.
Father Robert J. Fox passed away on November 26, 2009 at 12:45 s with Mary leading us to the Blessed Trinity and adoring the Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of Jesus Christ, true God and true man, in the Most Blessed Sacrament of the Altar. Many have not yet realized that the message of Our Lady of Fatima was a call to the family to return to holiness. Such is the mission of the Fatima Family Apostolate International founded by Father Robert J. Fox at the encouragement of the Vatican.
John C. Preiss is currently the President/Director of the (FFA) and resides in Hanceville, AL. with his wife Teresa and nine children. He is the author of three books about Fatima and has been interviewed on Catholic Television and radio.
The message of Our Lady to the three shepherds is a message for all of us!
The FFA exists to share and spread this message of hope for the world!
Our Vision is that of Our Lady and Our Lord to live out a life and spirituality in our faith. The message of Fatima is for all people to live it out daily. Fatima mirrors our Catholic faith: The Eucharist, the rosary, confession and adoration. Fatima is our faith!
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Fatima Family Apostolate
The (FFA) exists to spread the message of Our Lady of Fatima and the sanctification of families.
Email: admin@fatimafamily.org
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What happened traffic-fatality-wise in Pennsylvania's region in 2014?
Home » Blog » What happened traffic-fatality-wise in Pennsylvania's region in 2014?
Trends when it comes to traffic fatalities can vary considerably from region to region. This can be seen in some projections the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has made regarding fatal car crashes in the U.S. in 2014.
The projections come from a preliminary report the agency has issued regarding 2014 traffic fatalities (firmer statistics on such fatalities will come later this year). According to the projections, in the nation as a whole, traffic fatality totals held pretty steady between 2013 and 2014, with the projected 2014 total being 0.1 percent lower than the 2013 total.
The projections indicate that the auto fatality totals of the different regions of the U.S. were a lot less steady. Based on the projections, some regions saw fairly big increases in auto deaths in 2014 while others saw a pretty substantial decrease in traffic fatalities.
One thing readers here in Pennsylvania may find to be of pretty big note regarding these estimates is that the estimates project that the region containing Pennsylvania had the biggest drop in auto accident fatalities of any region in the U.S. in 2014. This region is a three-state region that, along with Pennsylvania, contains New Jersey and New York. The estimates project that there was a 6 percent drop in traffic fatalities in this region last year.
One wonders why this region saw such a big drop and whether it will see a similar trend this year.
Of course, even when traffic fatalities are trending downward in the region, there are still far too many families out there who end up experiencing the horrific situation of losing a loved one in a traffic accident. Auto accident attorneys can help Pennsylvania families who have ended up in this tragic situation with the complex and impactful legal issues that can arise in connection to fatal traffic accidents.


text:
Mike Pence to meet with ICE officials in Houston during Texas visit Friday
The vice president's trip comes as officials grapple with an influx of migrants at the Texas-Mexico border. He will also visit College Station for an event on the vice presidency at the George H. W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum.
by Patrick Svitek April 3, 2019 8 PM
A White House official says Vice President Mike Pence stop at ICE's Homeland Security Investigations unit in Houston, where he will get a briefing from senior leadership and address officials. Leslie Boorhem-Stephenson for The Texas Tribune
Vice President Mike Pence is coming to Texas on Friday for a series of stops that now includes an Immigration and Customs Enforcement office in Houston.
A White House official says Pence will make a late morning visit to ICE's Homeland Security Investigations unit in Houston, where he will get a briefing from senior leadership and then address officials to "thank them for holding the line for our nation's security." Pence added the stop to his Texas trip amid a recent surge of Central American migrants trying to enter the United States, which has prompted President Donald Trump to threaten to shut down the border.
On Wednesday, another Trump administration official, U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen, was in El Paso to begin a three-day border tour ending in California.
Pence was already set to visit Houston on Friday to give a speech at Rice University about the unrest in Venezuela. Later Friday, he is heading to College Station, where he will participate in an event about the vice presidency at the George H. W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum. Pence will be joined there by two of his predecessors, Dick Cheney and Dan Quayle.
Pence's trip Friday will be his first to Texas since October, when he visited the state to campaign in the midterms. Trump is set to come to Texas next week to raise money for his re-election campaign in Houston and San Antonio.
Abby Livingston contributed to this story.
Disclosure: The George H. W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum and Rice University have been financial supporters of The Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, nonpartisan news organization that is funded in part by donations from members, foundations and corporate sponsors. Financial supporters play no role in the Tribune's journalism. Find a complete list of them here.
After Kavanaugh confirmation, Pence looks to rally Texas GOP for Cruz, Sessions
Mike Pence to campaign for Ted Cruz, Pete Sessions in Dallas
Mike Pence to headline Houston-area fundraiser for U.S. Rep. John Culberson
Updated: Aug. 9, 2018


Other ports chosen for the pilot program are in Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston, El Paso, and South Texas. The county has already put aside more than $6 million to cover overtime costs. Under the plan the money can only be used to subsidize the staffing of federal Customs workers at the ports, not for normal payroll.
Airport Director Emilio Gonzalez said he visited customs leadership twice in Washington D.C., and submitted a written proposal on how the airport would enact the plan that included the amount of money saved to pay for the workers.
After sequestration kicked in, Department of Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano visited Miami-Dade County's ports. She was then lobbied by several South Florida congressional representatives who asked that the county be included in the pilot program known as the Customs and Border Protection Reimbursable Services Program.
The announcement helps, but it does little to get MIA where it needs to be. That's because last summer, when the airport's massive $6.4 billion overhaul was finally completed, the federal agents needed to staff Customs areas were not provided, as airport directors claim they were promised. Also included in the airport construction job is a new $180 million immigration and Customs facility.
The airport doubled the capacity in the North Terminal, hoping to ease the way for 3,000 passengers an hour to make their way through Customs. Capacity had been 1,200 an hour. The hope was to cut down on the long waits that have plagued travelers for decades at MIA.
But with no new federal agents despite pleas by former Airport Director Jose Abreu, the airport had little choice but to leave several Customs lanes closed, at times closing the entire 40-lane South Terminal so the 72-lane North Terminal could be staffed near capacity.


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Kim Kardashian: Selfie Queen Reveals She Took 6,000 Pics Of Herself On Mexico Getaway
Wade Robson: Everything You Need To Know About Michael Jackson's Accuser
REX/Shutterstock
Samantha Benitz
Wade Robson recently dropped a bombshell when he claimed Michael Jackson ran 'the most sophisticated child sex operation the world has ever seen!' In his new lawsuit, the choreographer even went into graphic detail about his own experiences with MJ! Learn more about Wade here.
1.) Wade is blasting the King of Pop for running a "sophisticated" child sex operation.
He's suing MJJ Productions and MJJ Ventures for negligence, alleging ten years of abuse. Wade amended his 2013 lawsuit and his attorney Vince Finaldi filed the claim on Sept. 9, saying, "The thinly-veiled, covert second purpose of these businesses was to operate as a child sexual abuse operation, specifically designed to locate, attract, lure and seduce child sexual abuse victims," according to E! News.
2.) He claims to have been sexually assaulted by Michael Jackson in his youth.
Wade allegedly met the music icon when he was five-years-old, after partaking in a talent competition. He says he was invited to stay at Never Land Ranch by the time he turned seven and that's when the abuse began. Wade claims their inappropriate interactions ranged from 1990-1997, continuing until he turned 14, when he started to show signs of "puberty."
Click to see more Michael Jackson photos
3.) Wade was a witness for MJ's defense during a separate sexual abuse trial in 2005.
The former dancer reportedly said under oath that MJ never molested him. However, Wade went to several therapy sessions years later and expressed his remorse for his previous comments. "I began to recognize for myself that Jackson had molested me," he claimed. "This revelation initiated an enormous emotional, psychological and physiological upheaval in my life that continues until this day."
4.) He's an accomplished celebrity choreographer with an impressive client list.
Wade has also worked for heavy-hitting pop stars NSYNC, Demi Lovato and Britney Spears. He helped the popular boy band orchestrate dance routines for their No Strings Attached tour in 2000! On top of that, Wade also thought up Britney's iconic VMAs performance 15 years ago. It was his idea to have her perform with an albino snake around her neck!
5.) The Australian-born dancer is also a family man.
He married Amanda Rodriguez, a former fashion designer and creative directing partner on So You Think You Can Dance in 2005. The pair currently reside in Maui, Hawaii and share a son named Koa Robson.
HollywoodLifers, what do you think about Wade's claims after learning more about him? Let us know!
Issues	Michael Jackson
More Michael Jackson Related News:
Brian Justin Crum Crushes Cover Of Michael Jackson's 'Man In The Mirror' On 'AGT' -- Watch
Michael Jackson Photo: Paris Believes Her Father's Spirit Is Always With Her
Michael Jackson's Secret Sex Closet -- SEE PICS


If you haven't already discovered Ronda Carman's All the Best blog, you are in for a treat. Ronda's interviews with today's stylesetters from the worlds of fashion and design are an updated take on the Proust Questionnaire. Who knew that Ivanka Trump dies over mozzarella sticks or that Charlotte Moss took race car driving lessons?!
Click here to read Ronda's profile of EEE - what a thrill to be added to her roster! Thank you, Ronda!


text:
AXIOS | RUGBYREP Rugby & Lifestyle
Our award-winning range of bars & powders are designed specially to provide real functional benefits for every occasion >> www.pulsin.co.uk
Our award-winning range of bars are designed specially to provide real functional benefits for every occasion >> www.pulsin.co.uk
FACEBOOK | TWITTER | PINTEREST | INSTAGRAM
The Pulsin' bars and Beond Bars contain only 100% natural ingredients making them an ideal complement to many special diets including vegan, gluten free, and no added sugar.
The Pulsin' bars are also perfect for intensive athletic training and are currently used by marathon runners, cyclists, Ultimate Frisbee players and premiership football clubs. These snacks are also a great healthy alternative to an ordinary chocolate bar whenever you feel like having a nibble on something tasty. Another huge benefit of the Pulsin' range is that they are slow releasing and great at balancing blood sugar levels. They act as an excellent accompaniment to travellers on long plane journeys and boat rides because of their functional benefits, some of which help energise and beat stress and fatigue.
The Pulsin' protein powders can be easily mixed into smoothies, shakes and yoghurt and many more recipes yet to be tested! For tasty smoothie options you can blend the protein powders with most fruits and superfoods. For a sweet smoothie, you could blend the protein with rice / almond milk, spoonful of peanut / nut butter, crushed frozen berries, coconut oil (healthy fats). I haven't tried it yet but avocado and banana blended with almond milk is meant to be tasty – random pairings! The combinations are endless – all part of the fun of experimenting! My favourite combination is broccoli, kiwi and pear – weird colour but very nutritious.
Pulsin celebrates 10th anniversary with major rebrand
Nutritional snack brand Pulsin is celebrating its 10th anniversary with the unveiling of an exciting new look following a major rebrand investment. The massive overhaul includes a new logo, revamped packaging and point of sale material. This is the biggest change to the Pulsin brand in its 10-year history.
British-based snack and protein powder company Pulsin, www.pulsin.co.uk, has unveiled its dramatic new look – including a new logo, packaging and point of sale materials – as part of a major rebrand to celebrate its 10th anniversary.
Over the last decade, Pulsin has sold 22 million protein bars and raw choc brownies and 481 tonnes of protein powder – the weight of six space shuttles and enough to fill 15,000 baths – and is stocked in Tesco, Whole Foods Market, Ocado, Holland & Barrett and other leading health food stores.
The change is a significant move for the brand, which specialises in highly nutritious protein powders and bars that transform everyday eating occasions into health-optimising opportunities that maintain and enhance natural balance.
As part of the launch, Pulsin is taking over a window of Whole Foods' flagship store on Kensington High Street during May.
Pulsin's new logo features a sun and moon, said to represent the idea of sustained, natural energy throughout the day and night. The new logo highlights the brand's mission to help people avoid the unnatural highs and lows of nutritionally-unbalanced, sugar-filled foods. The new packaging brings together geometric and intricate designs with vibrant colours that represent each product, making purchase at-a-glance easier for consumers.
To bring the new branding to life, Pulsin worked with brand consultancy The Space Creative after being impressed with its research-driven approach to design work and successful track record with brands like Pukka Teas.
Pulsin products are 100% natural, so no artificial colours, additives, preservatives or GM ingredients, are gluten-free, suitable for vegetarians and low in sugar. In 2016 Pulsin launched its first ever range of kids' products – the Fruity Oat Bars. With the new brand in place, Pulsin plans to expand its core range of protein powders, bars and brownies with new products currently in development.
Since starting Pulsin in 2007, co-founders Ben Lewis, Nick Bildner and Simon Ashburner have aimed to change the perception of protein products including powders and bars. The decision to rebrand was led heavily by this desire to reach a wider audience and transform protein products into everyday healthy snacks for ordinary people rather than a quick fix for bodybuilders.
Pulsin marketing manager Steff Parker, said,
"This rebrand is one of the most significant developments we've done as a company, and we're excited to be able to finally share it with our trade partners after substantial investment.
"Consumers are faced with more choice than ever when it comes to healthy snacking, but they often don't have the time or the energy to read label after label to see if what's on offer is a healthy as it claims to be, as it often isn't.
"With this major change to our brand, we feel the logo and packaging now fully reflect what Pulsin is all about – providing people with quality, balanced energy 24/7 to help get them through their days."
See more at :- pulsin.co.uk
Pulsin launch Porridge Oat Bars for time-strapped consumers
Nutritional snack brand, Pulsin, is launching new Porridge Oat Bars this September. The bars plug the gap in the market for a healthy, on-the-go breakfast option for time-strapped consumers. The bars come in three flavours – Super Seed & Maple, Apple & Cinnamon, and Orange Choc Chip.
A nutritional snack brand is launching a new range of Porridge Oat Bars this September.
British company Pulsin, www.pulsin.co.uk, created the bars after spotting a gap in the market for a truly healthy, and on-the-go breakfast option for time-strapped consumers, particularly health-conscious millennials.
The new bars are made with 100% natural ingredients with gluten free UK oats, whole seeds and real fruit – making them the perfect on-the-go breakfast or snack to sustain natural energy throughout the day.
The new Pulsin Porridge Oat Bars are the next iteration of the porridge trend – blending the health benefits of porridge with the convenience of a bar. The bars come in three flavours and feature the new Pulsin branding launched earlier this year.
Over the last decade, Pulsin has sold 12 million protein bars and raw choc brownies and 563 tonnes of protein powder – and is stocked in Tesco, Sainsbury's, Whole Foods Market, Ocado, Holland & Barrett and other leading health food stores.
"Consumers are faced with more choice than ever when it comes to healthy snacking, but they often don't have the time or the energy to read label after label to see if what's on offer is a healthy as it claims to be, as it often isn't. Grab-and-go might be convenient, but savvy shoppers are still keen to avoid high sugar and fat content in their first 'meal' of the day.
"We're very excited to introduce our new Porridge Oat Bars to customers. They are simple and easy to grab if you have a busy morning, while still providing you with nutrition and energy for the day. Also, they have 30% less sugar and double the fibre of other porridge bars on the market, but they don't compromise on taste."
Copyright RUGBYREP. All Rights Reserved.
Contact > gary@rugbyrep.com


・For a glass door opening at 90°.
・As for installation, please refer to the attached instuction manual.
・Glass door hinges. Door angle can be adjusted with the door installed.
・Center position can be adjusted by 5°to each side.
・Door close automatically at an angle of 35°.


To improve the quality and reach of Catholic education in Clare, Michigan, the St. Cecilia Catholic School Endowment Fund was created. The primary purpose of the fund is to further the religious, charitable, and educational programs and ministries of St. Cecilia Parish. The fund is also available to augment capital expenditures and/or improvements to the St. Cecilia Parish.


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Pepco unveils $15M transportation electrification program for DC
Hakan Dahlstrom, via flickr
Pepco, the sole electric distribution company in the District of Columbia, last week unveiled a $15 million transportation program aimed at reducing the carbon footprint of the city's drivers and making charging infrastructure available to all residents.
D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser has made the growth of electrified transportation options a priority for the city, noting that the transportation sector contributes more than 20% of the District's carbon emissions. Plug-in vehicles (PIV) represent approximately 0.23% of the market, according to Pepco, compared with the national average of 1.2%.
Of the 310,000 vehicles registered in D.C., only about 720 are PIV. Reaching the 40,000 PIVs predicted to be on D.C. roads by 2030 will require more than 1,000 Level 2 charging plugs and 76 DC Fast Chargers, the utility said.
The adoption of electric vehicles has been slower in Washington, D.C. than in other urban areas for a variety of factors, Pepco noted in its filing, including a heavy concentration of renters, and the grouping of public charging stations in just a few areas.
The utility's proposal highlights the unique challenges cities face in electrifying transportation, where infrastructure must be rolled out equitably to wide groups and lower levels of home ownership make it more difficult to switch to EVs, which most drivers charge largely at their residences.
The utility's role in owning charging infrastructure would be key in developing infrastructure across all areas of the city, said Bryan Clark, Pepco's director of utility of the future, said in filed testimony.
"The competitive market, left to itself, will develop infrastructure where it is easy and profitable, but not necessarily where it is needed, and not in an equitable way," Clark told regulators. "In particular, it is clear that some markets in the District are underserved — like charging stations for [multi-dwelling unit] residents, taxis and fleets."
There are 98 public charging stations aggregated in the downtown and midtown areas of D.C., and they "do not provide easy access to residents who do not live or travel in these areas," Pepco told regulators.
The utility says availability of charging stations is an issue that must be addressed for EVs to flourish in a city with almost 700,000 residents, 400,000 daily commuters and about 21 million visitors each year. The District has some incentives for EV ownership, including a discounted rate for first-time vehicle registration and access to high occupancy vehicle lanes, but these do not address the need for charging infrastructure.
According to Pepco, in "most urban areas" the PIV market has grown over the last seven years, while District residents "have not been keen on or consistent in their adoption." Some of this, the utility says, is because about 66% of homes in the District are occupied by renters, "who may be even less inclined to purchase PIVs because they do not control the ability to install a PIV charging unit."
Pepco's transportation electrification program (TEP) is a part of the city's wider grid modernization efforts and contains 13 separate offerings, including a whole house time-of-use (TOU) rate plan and a range of rebates for homeowners and businesses to install smart charging equipment. For qualified customers who own or operate office buildings or garages where dedicated parking can be made available, Pepco is proposing to offer 50% off of the cost of a Level 2 charger.
Pepco also proposed installing 20 DC Fast Chargers in the city, and said it will target locations that serve "local and long distance travelers across the District, such as shopping centers, convenience stores, restaurants, and other such destination locations where people stay for 15 – 30 minutes."
Transportation Electrification Plan Pepco
Filed Under: Transmission & Distribution, Energy Storage, Distributed Energy, Regulation & Policy, Corporate News


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As a self-employed company manager, you know better than anyone else that your company needs working capital. Working capital is used to pay your suppliers on time, purchase stocks, pay salaries and so on, and is often replenished by client payments.
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As soon as KBC receives your outstanding invoice, up to 85% of the outstanding amount will be deposited into your business account (if required). Subsequently, KBC will provide a quick and professional follow-up with the client. That means that – as a self-employed person – you don't need to waste any more time on the administrative follow-up of your invoices. As soon as the invoice is paid by the client, KBC will immediately transfer the amount to you (minus any advance payment you may have already received).
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text:
\section{Introduction}

Atmospheric neutrinos observed in the Super-Kamiokande (SK)
experiment provided the
first unambiguous signal for neutrino flavor oscillations
\cite{Ashie:2005ik}. The observed zenith angle and energy
dependent depletion of atmospheric ${\nu_{\mu}}/{\bar\nu_{\mu}}$ in SK
can be explained only
by ${\nu_{\mu}}$-${\nu_{\tau}}$ oscillations with $\Delta m^2_{31}=2.1 \times 10^{-3}$ eV$^2$
and almost maximal mixing angle, $\sin^22 \theta_{23}=1$. The results of the
SK experiment was subsequently corroborated by the
MACRO and Soudan-2 atmospheric neutrino experiments
and more recently by the K2K and MINOS long baseline (LBL)
experiments.
In this talk we will expound the
physics potential of
future atmospheric neutrino experiments using larger and
better detectors.

\section{Confirming oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos}

The ``smoking gun'' signal for ${\nu_{\mu}}$-${\nu_{\tau}}$ oscillations
is the observation of the characteristic ``dip'' in $L/E$,
predicted by neutrino flavor mixing. Although the analysis
of the $L/E$ binned atmospheric neutrino
data in SK has been found to support the
oscillation hypothesis \cite{lbye}, it would be worthwhile to
make an unambiguous check using a detector with better
$E$ and $L$ resolution.
This can be done in
large magnetized detectors, such as the proposed ICAL
detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)
\cite{Athar:2006yb}.
Analysis of results obtained from detailed simulations by
the INO collaboration show that oscillations can be confirmed with
a significant C.L. with just 250 kTy data.

\section{Precision measurement of $\Delta m^2_{31}$ and $\sin^2 \theta_{23}$}
Both $\Delta m^2_{31}$ and $\sin^22 \theta_{23}$ are expected to be measured very
accurately by the forthcoming LBL experiments.
A statistical analysis of the combined data set with
five years of
running of MINOS, ICARUS, OPERA, T2K and NO$\nu$A
each, reveals that $\Delta m^2_{31}$ and $\sin^2 \theta_{23}$ could be measured with
a spread of 4.5\%
and 20\% respectively at $3\sigma${} \cite{huber10}.
The future prospective data from water Cerenkov atmospheric
neutrino experiments with a statistics 20 times the current
SK statistics could measure $\Delta m^2_{31}$ and $\sin^2 \theta_{23}$ with a spread of
$\sim 17\%$ and $\sim 24\%$ respectively \cite{Gonzalez-Garcia:2004cu}.
A large magnetized iron calorimetric detector
such as the proposed
INO detector ICAL \cite{Athar:2006yb},
could use atmospheric neutrinos to
measure $\Delta m^2_{31}$
and $\sin^2 \theta_{23}$ within 10\% and 30\% respectively
at $3\sigma${} with a statistics of
250 kTy \cite{Athar:2006yb}.

\section{Atmospheric neutrino experiments: Subdominant effects}
\label{sec:atm_future}

The effect of the sub-dominant terms
in the Super-Kamiokande (SK)
atmospheric neutrino data is not yet at the
statistically significant level.
However, the sub-dominant terms, if observed in
a future high statistics atmospheric neutrino experiment,
can be used to give information on:
\begin{itemize}
\item Deviation of $\theta_{23}$ from its maximal value
\item Octant of $\theta_{23}$
\item $sgn(\Delta m_{31}^2)$
\end{itemize}

\noindent
Assuming a constant density for the earth matter,
the excess of electron type events in a water Cerenkov
experiment such as SK is given by \cite{Peres:1999yi,Peres:2003wd}
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{N_e}{N_e^0} - 1 &\simeq&
\sin^22\theta_{12}^M
\sin^2\left(\frac{(\Delta m_{21}^2)^M L}{4E}\right )
\times (r\cos^2\theta_{23} - 1)\\
&+& \sin^22\theta_{13}^M
\sin^2\left(\frac{(\Delta m^2_{31})^M L}{4E}\right )
\times (r\sin^2\theta_{23} - 1)\\
&+& \sin\theta_{23}\cos\theta_{23} ~ r ~ Re
\bigg[A_{13}^* A_{12} \exp(-i\delta_{CP})\bigg]~,
\label{eq:electronexcess}
\end{eqnarray}
where $L$ is the baseline, $E$ is the energy of the neutrino,
$r=N_e/N_\mu$, $N_e$ and $N_\mu$ being the number of
e and $\mu$ events respectively
in the detector in absence of
oscillations and $\theta_{12}^M$, $\theta_{13}^M$,
$(\Delta m_{21}^2)^M$ and $(\Delta m^2_{31})^M$ are the mixing angle and mass squared
differences in matter.

\begin{enumerate}
\item The first term in Eq. (\ref{eq:electronexcess})
is the $\Delta m_{21}^2$ driven oscillation term --
which is obviously more important for the sub-GeV neutrino sample.
Since $r\simeq 0.5$ in the sub-GeV regime, this term brings an
excess (depletion) of sub-GeV electron events if $\theta_{23} < \pi/4$
($\theta_{23} > \pi/4$). It can thus be used to study the maximality
and octant of $\theta_{23}$
through the sub-GeV electron sample
\cite{Peres:1999yi,Gonzalez-Garcia:2004cu}.

\item The second term is the $\theta_{13}$ driven oscillation term.
Being dependent on $\sin^2\theta_{23}$,
this term goes in the opposite direction
to the first term. Therefore for sub-GeV neutrinos, larger
$\theta_{13}$ would imply that the effect of the first term
would get negated by this term. However for multi-GeV neutrinos,
there will be large matter effects inside the earth and
this term dictates the electron excess.
The $\sin^2\theta_{23}$
dependence of this term could then be used to study the maximality
and octant of $\theta_{23}$ through the
multi-GeV electron sample (see also \cite{Huber:2005ep}).
Since matter effects bring in sensitivity to the $sgn(\Delta m_{31}^2)$,
this term can be used to study the mass hierarchy.

\item The last term is the ``interference'' term
\cite{Peres:2003wd}, which depends on
$\delta_{CP}$. The effect of this term could be to dilute the
effect of the first two terms and spoil the sensitivity of the
experiment. However, being directly dependent on $\delta_{CP}$,
this term also brings in some sensitivity to the CP phase itself
\cite{Peres:2003wd,Fogli:2005cq}.
\end{enumerate}
The depletion of the muon events in the limit of $\Delta m_{21}^2=0$
is given by\footnote{The approximation of taking a vanishing
$\Delta m_{21}^2$ has been made in Eq. (\ref{eq:muondeficit})
only for the sake of simplicity, since the main subdominant effect
in the muon neutrino channel comes from earth matter effects,
which are large for multi-GeV neutrinos for which $\Delta m_{21}^2$
dependence is less importance. The results presented in the
later sections have been obtained
using the full numerical solution of the three-generation
equation of the atmospheric neutrinos.}
\begin{eqnarray}
1 - \frac{N_\mu}{N_\mu^0} &=&
(P^1_{\mu\mu} + P^2_{\mu\mu}) + (P^3_{\mu\mu})^\prime \sin^2\theta_{23}
(\sin^2\theta_{23} - \frac{1}{r})~,
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}
P^1_{\mu\mu} &=& \sin^2 \theta^M_{13} {\sin^2 2\theta_{23}} \sin^2
{\left[({A}+\Delta m_{31}^2) - {(\Delta m_{31}^2)}^M\right]L
\over 8E}~, \\
P^2_{\mu\mu} &=& \cos^2 \theta^M_{13} {\sin^2 2\theta_{23}} \sin^2
{\left [({A}+\Delta m_{31}^2 ) + {(\Delta m_{31}^2)}^M\right ]L \over 8E} ~,
\\
(P^3_{\mu\mu})^\prime
&=& \sin^2 2\theta^M_{13} \sin^2
{{(\Delta m_{31}^2)}^M L\over 4E} ~,
\label{eq:muondeficit}
\end{eqnarray}
where $A=2\sqrt{2}G_FN_eE$ is the matter potential.
For very
small values of $\theta_{13}$, there is very little matter effect and
we can see that $P^{2}_{\mu\mu}$
is the dominant term in the survival probability.
Since this term depends on $\sin^2 2\theta_{23}$ we do not
expect octant sensitivity in absence of matter effects from
experiments probing the $P_{\mu\mu}$ channel alone. However,
if $\theta_{13}$ is not too small, neutrinos which travel through
large baselines and hence large matter densities inside
the earth, undergo large matter effects. The mixing angle
$\theta_{13}^M$ increases in matter and the third term
$(P_{\mu\mu}^3)^\prime$
becomes important as well. Since this term has a strong dependence on
$\sin^2\theta_{23}$ rather than $\sin^2 2\theta_{23}$, we expect
the $P_{\mu\mu}$ channel to develop sensitivity to the octant of
$\theta_{23}$ in presence of large matter effects
\cite{Choubey:2005zy}.
Probing matter effects in the resultant muon signal
in the detector will also provide us with information on
the neutrino mass hierarchy
\cite{hierarchy,Petcov:2005rv}.

Since matter
effects are large for higher energy neutrinos, we expect that
multi-GeV atmospheric ${\nu_{\mu}}/{\bar\nu_{\mu}}$ events can be used for
this purpose.
However, unlike in the case for matter effects in the $P_{\mu e}$
channel, both the magnitude and sign of the earth
matter effects in the $P_{\mu\mu}$ channel depends
crucially on $L$ and $E$.
The largest effect of earth matter comes for neutrino travelling
$L\simeq 7000$ km with $E\sim 5$ GeV.
The matter effects changes sign rapidly with $L$ and $E$ --
with $\Delta(P_{\mu\mu})<0$ and $\Delta(P_{\mu\mu})>0$
at the maximum and minimum respectively of $P_{\mu\mu}$.
Thus, in order to see the matter effects one needs to bin the
data judiciously both in energy and zenith angle.

Very good energy and zenith angle detector resolution is
expected for the magnetized iron calorimeters.
Therefore, fine binning
would allow such detectors to observe matter effects in the
muon signal. Since large matter effects appear only in either
the neutrino or the antineutrino channel, the magnetic
field which allows for charge discrimination, further
helps these type of detectors to observe earth matter effects
in the muon channel. However, unless the iron plates of the
detector are thin enough, it would not be possible to detect
electrons in these type of detectors. The current INO-ICAL
design does not allow for it and therefore would observe
muon events only. Another restriction for these detectors
come from the relatively higher threshold, which allows for the
detection of only multi-GeV ${\nu_{\mu}}/{\bar\nu_{\mu}}$.

Water Cerenkov detectors have the advantage that sub-GeV
neutrinos can be detected. However, the energy resolution
is worse than that for iron calorimeters. For the results
shown here, the data is binned in sub-GeV and multi-GeV bins
and therefore the matter effects in the
$P_{\mu\mu}$ channel get largely averaged out. This means that
one would see very small residual matter effects in the multi-GeV
muon sample. However, matter effects in the $P_{\mu e}$ channel
do not change sign over most of the relevant range of $E$ and
$L$ in the multi-GeV regime. Therefore, multi-GeV electron sample
has large matter effects and can be used to study the
deviation of $\theta_{23}$ from maximality and its octant as well
as the neutrino mass hierarchy.

\section{Is the mixing angle $\theta_{23}$ maximal?}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width= 5.0cm, height=5.2cm]{huber_maxmix_1panel.ps
\vglue -4.8cm \hglue 5.0cm
\includegraphics[width= 5.0cm, height=5.0cm]{maltoni_maxmix_1panel.ps}\\
\vglue -5.9cm \hglue 10.5cm
\includegraphics[width= 5.0cm, height=5.2cm]{sens_500kty_50pc_talk_00.eps}
\caption{\label{fig:maximality}
The regions of $\Delta m_{31}^2$(true) and
$\sin^2 \theta_{23}{\mbox {(true)}}$ where maximal $\theta_{23}$
mixing can be rejected
at $1\sigma$ (inner bands), $2\sigma$ (middle bands)
and $3\sigma$ (outer bands) C.L.
The left-hand panel \cite{Antusch:2004yx}
shows the
sensitivity expected from the combined data from the LBL
experiments. The middle panel \cite{Gonzalez-Garcia:2004cu}
shows the sensitivity expected with atmospheric neutrinos
in a megaton water
detector (SK50). The extreme right-hand panel \cite{Choubey:2005zy}
shows the corresponding reach expected from 500 kTy
atmospheric neutrino data in large magnetized iron detectors.
The true value of $\theta_{13}$ is assumed to be zero.
}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width= 5.0cm, height=5.2cm]{huber_maxmix_1panel.ps
\vglue -5.2cm \hglue 5.0cm
\includegraphics[width= 5.0cm, height=5.0cm]{sens_04.eps}\\
\vglue -5.5cm \hglue 10.5cm
\includegraphics[width= 5.0cm, height=5.0cm]{sens_500kty_50pc_talk_04.eps}
\caption{\label{fig:maximality13}
Left-hand panel same as in Fig. \ref{fig:maximality}. Middle panel
(for water detector)
and right-hand panel (for magnetized iron detector)
have been drawn assuming that
$\sin^2 \theta_{13}{\mbox {(true)}}=0.04$.}
\end{figure}

The measurement of both the magnitude and sign of
the deviation of $\sin^2 \theta_{23}$ from its maximal value 0.5 is of
utmost theoretical importance.
To quantify the deviation of the true value of $\theta_{23}$ from
its maximal value, we introduce the function
$D \equiv \frac{1}{2} - \sin^2 \theta_{23}.$
The magnitude $|D|$ gives the deviation of $\sin^2 \theta_{23}$ from its maximal
value, while $sgn(D)$ gives the octant of $\sin^2 \theta_{23}$.
The best current limit on
$|D|$ comes from the SK atmospheric neutrino
experiment giving $|D| \leq 0.16$ at $3\sigma$ \cite{Ashie:2005ik}
while $sgn(D)$ is almost unknown at present.
Fig. \ref{fig:maximality} shows the potential of atmospheric
neutrino experiments to test the deviation of $\theta_{23}$ from
maximality and compares it with the reach of the combined
data from the current and next generation long baseline
experiments. The combined long baseline data
include five years of running each of the MINOS, ICARUS, OPERA,
T2K and NO$\nu$A experiments. The middle panel gives the
sensitivity to $|D|$ of
atmospheric neutrino experiments with
water detectors for a 4.6 Megaton-yr statistics, while
the left panel shows the corresponding sensitivity of
atmospheric neutrino data in large magnetized iron detectors
with 500 kTy statistics.
At $\Delta m_{31}^2$(true)$=2.5\times 10^{-3}$ eV$^2$, it should be
possible to measure $|D|$ within 19\% and 25\% at $3\sigma$
with atmospheric neutrinos in water and iron detectors respectively.
This is slightly weaker than the sensitivity
of the combined
long baseline experiments, where it should be possible
to measure $|D|$
within 14\% at $3\sigma$.
However, note that all the results presented in
Fig. \ref{fig:maximality} have been obtained assuming that the true
value of $\theta_{13}$ was zero. Results for
atmospheric neutrino experiments when the true value of
$\theta_{13}$ is not zero is shown in Fig. \ref{fig:maximality13}.
For non-zero $\theta_{13}$,
presence of earth matter effects in the $P_{\mu\mu}$ channel
brings in a marginal improvement in the sensitivity of atmospheric
neutrino experiment with the magnetized iron detector. For the
megaton water atmospheric neutrino experiment,
very large earth matter effects in the $P_{\mu e}$ channel
bring in significant improvement in the determination
of $|D|$, making this experiment comparable/better than the
long baseline experiments for studying the deviation of
$\theta_{23}$ from maximality.

\section{\label{sec:octant}
Resolving the $\theta_{23}$ Octant Ambiguity}

\begin{figure}
\hglue 1cm
\includegraphics[width=6.0cm, height=5.5cm]
{delchisq_newresol_octant_true_wcid_iss.eps}
\vglue -5.5cm \hglue 7.8cm
\includegraphics[width=6.0cm, height=5.5cm]
{sk50_octant_priors_th13_talk.eps}
\caption{Plot showing the octant sensitivity
as a function of $\sin^2\theta_{23}$(true), for
an atmospheric neutrino experiment with
large magnetized iron calorimeter (left-hand panel)
and megaton water detector (right-hand panel).
}
\label{fig:delchioctant}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\hline
Type of Experiment & $\sin^2\theta_{23}$(false) excluded
at 3$\sigma$ if: & for \cr
\hline
&$\sin^2\theta_{23} ({\rm true}) < 0.402 \ {\rm or} \ > 0.592 $
&$\sin^2\theta_{13} ({\rm true}) = 0.02$ \cr
Magnetized Iron (0.5 MTy)
&$\sin^2\theta_{23} ({\rm true}) < 0.421 \ {\rm or} \ > 0.573$
&$\sin^2\theta_{13} ({\rm true}) = 0.04$ \cr
\hline
&
$\sin^2\theta_{23} ({\rm true}) < 0.383 \ {\rm or} \ > 0.600$
& $\sin^2 \theta_{13}{\mbox {(true)}}=0.00$ \cr
Water Cerenkov (4.6 MTy) &
$\sin^2\theta_{23} ({\rm true}) < 0.438 \ {\rm or} \ > 0.573$
& $\sin^2 \theta_{13}{\mbox {(true)}}=0.02$ \cr
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{\label{tab:octant}
A comparison of the potential of different experiments
to rule out the wrong $\theta_{23}$ octant at $3\sigma${} (1 dof). The third
column gives the condition on the true value of $\sin^2 \theta_{13}$ needed
for the $\theta_{23}$ octant resolution.
}
\end{table}

If the true value of $\theta_{23}$ is not $45^\circ$, then
the question arises whether $\theta_{23} >$ ($D$ positive)
or $< \pi/4$ ($D$ negative). This leads to an
additional two-fold degeneracy in the
measurement of the mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ and the CP phase
$\delta_{CP}$ in LBL experiments. This ambiguity is generally
regarded as the most difficult to resolve.
As discussed before, the presence of earth matter
effects in the zenith angle and energy binned
atmospheric ${\nu_{\mu}}/{\bar\nu_{\mu}}$ data in magnetized iron detectors
opens up the possibility of probing
the octant of $\theta_{23}$ \cite{Choubey:2005zy}.
On the other hand atmospheric ${\nu_e}/{\bar\nu_e}$ data
in water detectors could also give information on the octant
of $\theta_{23}$, both through the $\Delta m_{21}^2$ dependent
subdominant term in the sub-GeV sample
\cite{Peres:1999yi,Gonzalez-Garcia:2004cu},
as well as through earth matter effect in the multi-GeV events,
as discussed above. One could hence combine
the atmospheric neutrino data,
in either megaton water detectors \cite{Huber:2005ep,Campagne:2006yx},
or in large magnetized iron calorimeters
with data from long baseline experiments to resolve
parameter degeneracies.

In order to obtain the limiting value of $\sin^2\theta_{23}$(true)
which could still allow for the determination of $sgn(D)$
we define
\begin{eqnarray}
\Delta \chi^2 \equiv \chi^2 (\sin^2\theta_{23} ({\rm true}),
\sin^2\theta_{13} ({\rm true}), {\rm others(true)})
- \chi^2(\sin^2\theta_{23} ({\rm
false}),\sin^2\theta_{13}, {\rm others}),
\label{Eq:chioctant}
\end{eqnarray}
with $\sin^2\theta_{23}$(false) restricted to the wrong octant and
`others' comprising $\Delta m^2_{31}$, $\Delta m^2_{21}$,
$\sin^2\theta_{12}$ and $\delta_{CP}$.  These, along with
$\sin^2\theta_{13}$ as well as $\sin^2\theta_{23}$(false),
are allowed to vary freely in the fit.
Fig. \ref{fig:delchioctant}
shows the results
of a statistical analysis based on simulated data from
atmospheric neutrinos with 500 kiloton-yr
exposure in a large magnetized iron calorimeter
(left-hand panel) and 4.6 Megaton-yr exposure in
a water Cerenkov experiment (right-hand panel). For
large magnetized iron detector we show results for four
different values of $\sin^2\theta_{13}$(true), assuming a
normal mass ordering.
For a given $\sin^2\theta_{13}$(true), the range of
$\sin^2\theta_{23}$(true), for which $\sin^2 \theta_{23}$(false) can
be ruled out with atmospheric neutrinos in magnetized iron
detector is given in Table \ref{tab:octant}. This can be
compared to the sensitivity possible with water Cerenkov
detectors, shown for a true
normal hierarchy in the right-hand panel of
Fig. \ref{fig:delchioctant} and Table \ref{tab:octant},
where octant determination can be done reasonably well
even if $\sin^2\theta_{13}$(true) was zero \cite{Gonzalez-Garcia:2004cu}.
However,
if $\sin^2\theta_{13}$(true) was non-vanishing and reasonably
large, the octant sensitivity of this experiments gets
significantly boosted through earth matter effects appearing
in the multi-GeV electron sample.

\section{Resolving the Ambiguity in Neutrino Mass Hierarchy}

Large earth matter effects in atmospheric neutrinos can be
exploited to probe the sign of $\Delta m_{31}^2$.
Fig. \ref{fig:hierarchyINO} \cite{Petcov:2005rv}
shows the sensitivity to
$sgn(\Delta m_{31}^2)$ expected in a magnetized iron
calorimeter, with 4000 observed upward going events.
The data corresponds to a normal (solid lines) and
inverted (dashed lines) hierarchy and the curves show the
$\chi^2$ and hence the C.L.
with which the wrong hierarchy can be ruled out.
The red lines correspond to an analysis method where all the
oscillation parameters are fixed in the fit. The blue lines
show the results of the fit where external priors for
the oscillation parameters have been used. The green lines
correspond to the case where all oscillation parameters are allowed
to vary freely in the fit.
The left-hand panel is for muon events in
a detector with
15\% energy and $15^\circ$ zenith angle resolution, the
middle panel is for muon events with 5\% energy and $5^\circ$
zenith angle resolution, while the
right-hand panel is for electron events.
For vanishing $\theta_{13}$ the matter effects vanish
giving $\chi^2=0$. As $\theta_{13}$ increases, matter effects
increase, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the
experiment to hierarchy determination. For a INO-ICAL like
detector, where energy resolution is expected to be around 15\%
and zenith angle resolution of about $15^\circ$,
the wrong hierarchy can be ruled out at
$2\sigma$ using the muon events,
if
$\sin^22\theta_{13}$(true)$=0.1$ and $\sin^2\theta_{23}$(true)$=0.5$,
and where the information from the other long baseline experiments
on the oscillation parameters have been included through the priors.
Comparison of the left-hand with the middle panel
shows that the sensitivity to hierarchy increases if the
detector resolution is improved.
Comparison of the left-hand with the right-hand panel
shows that the sensitivity to hierarchy increases if the
detector could detect electron type events as well. And of course
since matter effects increase with $\theta_{23}$, the
sensitivity to hierarchy increases as the true value of
$\theta_{23}$ increases.

The $sgn(\Delta m_{31}^2)$ can be done using the excess in the
multi-GeV electron sample due to earth matter effects in water
Cerenkov detectors.
The wrong hierarchy can be ruled by a 4.6 Megaton-yr data
in such an experiment at more than the 2$\sigma$ limit if
$\sin^22\theta_{13}$(true)$=0.1$ and $\sin^2\theta_{23}$(true)$=0.5$
(see also \cite{Huber:2005ep}).
This is comparable to the sensitivity of the magnetized iron
detectors as discussed above. However, since water detectors use
the excess in electron events for multi-GeV neutrinos, which
in turn have large matter effects in the $P_{\mu e}$ channel,
they therefore depend also on the CP phase $\delta_{CP}$ as
discussed before. If the value of $\delta_{CP}$ is allowed to vary
freely in the fit then the sensitivity gets affected and
decreases appreciably.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=16.0cm, height=5.5cm]
{true_13-4000ev.eps}
\caption{
$\Delta \chi^2$ for the wrong hierarchy as a function of
$\sin^22\theta_{13}$(true). See \cite{Petcov:2005rv} for details.
}
\label{fig:hierarchyINO}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Looking for new physics}
There are a variety of new physics scenarios which could manifest
themselves as subdominant effects in oscillations of atmospheric
neutrinos. Each one of these have a distinctive $L/E$ behavior,
while oscillations go linearly with $L/E$.
This can be probed directly using the
$L/E$ binned data in large iron detectors \cite{cpt}
or by comparing the
low energy contained events with the high energy upward
going muons in large water detectors \cite{sknewphy}.
Atmospheric neutrino
events which constitute a background for the neutrino telescopes
such as IceCube, can also be used every effectively to constrain
new physics.
Neutrino telescopes
look for neutrinos in the
$(10^{-1}-10^4)$ TeV range, for which standard
oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos
are negligible. Hence, any $E$ or $L$ dependence in
the data would signify new physics.
Likewise, the absence of any
$E$ and $L$ dependence can be used to constrain the new physics
parameters \cite{newatm}.

\section{Conclusions}
In this talk we explored the
physics potential of future measurements
of atmospheric neutrinos. Observation of
$\Delta m^2_{21}$ driven sub-dominant
effects and $\theta_{13}$ driven
large matter effects in atmospheric neutrinos can be
used to study the
deviation of $\theta_{23}$ from maximality and its octant.
Neutrino mass hierarchy can be determined extremely well due
to the large matter effects. New physics can be constrained
both in standard atmospheric neutrino experiments as well as
in future neutrino telescopes.

\vglue 0.5cm

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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As UK government mulls Flybe action, it must choose between connectivity and green credentials
Posted in Travel & Tourism
Following the news that the UK government is rumoured to be considering changes to air passenger duty as Flybe's future hangs in the balance, Nick Wyatt, Head of R&A and Travel & Tourism at GlobalData, a leading data and analytics company, offers his view on the situation:
"The government finds itself in an unenviable position. On the one hand, the Conservatives put at the heart of their manifesto a pledge to improve connectivity outside of London. On the other, the UK is committed to reducing carbon emissions.
"Flybe is well known for connecting smaller, provincial airports to larger bases in the UK and Europe. Any ceasing or slimming down of Flybe's operations would therefore fly in the face of the connectivity promise and have particularly damaging consequences in places like Devon and Cornwall.
"The rumoured possible changes to air passenger duty would seem to be a way of avoiding a breach of state aid rules.
"However, any reduction to the duty would need to apply across the board. APD brings in £3.5bn annually and is seen as a 'green tax'. At a time at which sustainability and climate change are very much part of the zeitgeist, any such move runs the risk of alienating voters, not to mention reducing tax income.
"Flybe is important in delivering connectivity across the UK and Prime Minister Boris Johnson knows this. The decision he and his cabinet face is whether that importance is greater than environmental commitments and much needed tax revenue to fund public services."
Norwegian Air's exit from long-haul routes emphasizes flaws in business model
WH Smith's travel business slumps amid the pandemic, says GlobalData
British Airways most mentioned airline among influencer conversations on Twitter during Q4 2020, reveals GlobalData
Travel & tourism sector witnessed 9% decline in deal activity during December 2020
IPO most mentioned topic among influencer discussions around Airbnb on Twitter during H2 2020, finds GlobalData


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Last edited by EVO 1; 01-12-2018 at 07:19 AM.
lcommanderl, mgrotel, Auztone and 1 others like this.
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