text:
English Statutes & Cases
English Statutes & Cases: Home
Library Resources: Statutes
by Paul Axel-Lute
revised 5/2017-DC
Scope: This guide has the limited purpose of helping you find an English case report or statute, or one of the frequently-cited "books of authority," given a citation or partial identifying information. It does not cover searching by subject or "noting up" (the English equivalent of Shepardizing or Key-Citing).
Statutes | Cases | Books of Authority
Finding by regnal year citation
Ancient laws (before the 1200's)
Laws from 1235 forward
Finding by short title
Finding by regnal year citation. You will frequently encounter citations in this form for English statutes:
27 Geo. 3 c.7
That means the 7th chapter enacted in the 27th year of the reign of King George III. Frequently there will be two numbers before the sovereign's name, for example,
1 & 2 Will. 4 c.37
meaning the 37th chapter enacted by the Parliamentary session that overlapped the 1st and 2nd years of the reign of William IV. A Parliament sometimes overlaps two sovereigns, resulting in a citation like this:
7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict. c.83
Since some of the early volumes of the statutes cover several sovereigns each, and only the first and last will be listed on the spine, it can be useful to have handy a table showing the order of the sovereigns. Here is such a table for the period from 1216 forward, omitting two sovereigns with very short reigns for whom there are no acts in the books:
Henry III (1216-1272)
Edward I (1272-1307)
Edward II (1307-1326)
Edward III (1326-1377)
Richard II (1377-1399)
Henry IV (1399-1413)
Henry V (1413-1422)
Henry VI (1422-1461)
Edward IV (1461-1483)
Richard III (1483-1485)
Henry VII (1485-1509)
Henry VIII (1509-1547)
Edward VI (1547-1553)
Mary (1553-1554)
Philip & Mary (1554-1558)
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
James I (1603-1625)
Charles I (1625-1642)
Interregnum (1642-1660)
Charles II (1660-1685)
James II (1685-1688)
William & Mary (1689-1694)
William III (1695-1702)
Anne (1702-1714)
George I (1714-1727)
George II (1727-1760)
George III (1760-1820)
George IV (1820-1830)
Victoria (1837-1901)
Edward VII (1901-1910)
George V (1910-1936)
Edward VIII (1936)
George VI (1936-1952)
Elizabeth II (1952-- )
( James and Charles are often cited by the abbreviations of their Latin names: "Jac." and "Car.")
Along the tops of the pages in some editions, most of the regnal years are spelled out in Latin, so it is helpful if you can understand those numbers, to verify that you are at the correct year:
primo = 1st
secundo = 2nd
tertio = 3rd
quarto = 4th
quinto = 5th
sexto = 6th
septimo = 7th
octavo = 8th
nono = 9th
decimo = 10th
undecimo = 1lth
duodecimo = 12th
vicesimo = 20th
tricesimo = 30th
quadragesimo = 40th
The sovereigns' names are also given at the tops of the pages in Latin, including "Caroli" for Charles, "Gulielmi" for William, "Jacobi" for James. So, for example, you might see: "Anno vicesimo tertio Caroli I," meaning "in the twenty third year of Charles I."
Ancient laws (before the 1200's): Benjamin Thorpe's compilation Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, at call number KD530 .G74, contains laws of the Anglo-Saxon kings from Ethelbert through Canute (858 to 1035), in the original Saxon language with a parallel English translation, as well as a Latin version in the back of the volume. Also in this compilation are the laws of Edward the Confessor in Latin only, the laws of William the Conqueror (some in French and Latin, some in Latin and Saxon, some in Latin only), and the "Leges Henrici Primi" ("Laws of Henry I" which are actually not statutes but rather a treatise by an unknown author) in Latin only. L.J. Downer's edition of the Leges Henrici Primi, with English translation, is found at call number KD 544.L4.
F.L. Attenborough's Laws of the Earliest English Kings, call no. KD 543.G74, includes a more modern English translation of the laws from Ethelbert through Athelstan (858 to 940). Modern English translations of the laws from Ethelbert through Edgar (560 to 975) are found under the title "The Anglo-Saxon Dooms" on the Fordham University website at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/560-975dooms.html.
William Stubbs, Select Charters, call no. JN 111.S7, includes some statute-like documents, in Latin from the reign of Henry II, including the "Constitutions of Clarendon" (1164), the "Assize of Clarendon" (1166), and some other "Assizes." English translations of the two Clarendon documents are found in Ernest Henderson's Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages, call no. D 113.H49, and are also online at the Avalon Project (at http://avalon.law.yale.edu/medieval/constcla.asp and http://avalon.law.yale.edu/medieval/assizecl.asp).
Laws from 1235 forward: For the period 1235 through 1713, there is an authoritative edition called Statutes of the Realm, which is available in the HeinOnline service. The volume contents are as follows:
v. I - 20 Henry III to Edward III (1235-1377)
v. II - Richard II to Henry VII (1377-1509)
v. III - Henry VIII (1509-1547)
v. IV pt.1 - Edward VI to 27 Eliz. (1547-1585)
v. IV pt.2 - 28 Eliz. to James I (1585-1625)
v. V. - Charles I & Charles II (1625-1660, 1685-1688)
v. VI - James II, Wiliam & Mary (1685-1694)
v. VII - William III (1695-1702)
v. VIII - 1-6 Anne (1702-1707)
v. IX - 7-13 Anne (1708-1714)
To find the Statutes of the Realm in the HeinOnline service, from the "Subscribed Libraries" list, click on "English Reports, Full Reprint." (Volumes 5 to 7 of Statutes of the Realm are also found in British History Online at http://www.british-history.ac.uk/subject.aspx?subject=1&gid=83).
On the open shelves, at call number KD 124, we have a 14-volume set called Statutes at Large (the Runnington edition, also known as "Ruffhead's Edition"), covering the period 1235 to 1800. This set has an Appendix of "obsolete and curious acts" in volume 10, with acts from Henry III through Anne, so check there if an act is not found in the main sequence. There are some acts for which this set gives only the title, not the text. There are also variations in the chapter numbering between Statutes at Large and Statutes of the Realm; there are parallel tables of these variations in the Chronological Table of the Statutes (KD 135.H5).
Various editions of the Statutes at Large, are included in the Gale database Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO), which is available to Rutgers University users at http://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/indexes/ecco. To retrieve in ECCO just the 14-volume edition covering 1265 to 1800, use the "Advanced Search" form; for the index type, select ESTC number and search for T134763. The contents of this edition are as follows:
vol.1 --
Magna Charta to 33 Hen. VI
1 Edw.IV to 43 Eliz.I
1 Jac.1 to 9 Wm. III
10 Wm.III to 12 Anne
1 Geo. I to 8 Geo. II
9 Geo. II to 25 Geo.II
26 Geo.II to 6 Geo.III
7 Geo.III to 18 Geo.III
19 Geo.III to 25 Geo.III
vol.10 --
Index of v.1-9 and Appendix
For the time period up to 1714, if you cannot find the act you need in the Statutes at Large, or if it is not clear that the correct act has been found there, request Statutes of the Realm.
(Note: For the period 1642 to 1660 see Acts & Ordinances of the Interregnum, call no. KD 130, available in British History Online at http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=606.)
There is a more complete edition of Statutes at Large, compiled by Danby Pickering, that we lack (except for one volume). Pickering's edition is among the microfiche offered by the Law Library Microform Consortium, and will hopefuly eventually become available on LLMC-Digital. Meanwhile, for acts of this period not found in the Statutes at Large that we have, or in the Statutes at Large in the ECCO database (see above), it is necessary to seek a copy from some library holding the Pickering set.
1805 to 1870: We have volumes of various titles classed together at KD 124 in order to provide a continuous chronological set. These include The Statutes of the United Kingdom (some with the spine title Statutes at Large) and The Law Reports: the Public General Statutes (spine title English Law Reports: Statutes). There are a few missing volumes (49 Geo.3, 53 Geo.3, 11 Geo.4 & 1 Will.4).
1871 to 1890: see the Law Journal Reports, call number KD 288.A22, where the statutes are bound together with Magistrates Court case law reports.
1891 to 1990: Continuing at KD 124 we have the Public General Acts (some of them with the spine title Law Reports: Statutes.)
1991 to date: For statutes more recent than our print holdings, try one of the following online sources:
The UK Statute Law Database, http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/: the official revised version of statutes in force.
"United Kingdom Legislation" on the BAILII website, http://www.bailii.org/uk/legis/num_act/ (has acts from 1988 forward)
Westlaw database UK-ST (statutes in force) or UK-LIF (statutes and statutory instruments in force)
Lexis library UK, file STAT (statutes in force) or file STATIS (statutes and statutory instruments in force)
Finding by short title. Many acts have been given short titles retrospectively. That is, a later act has provided that the earlier act may be cited by a certain short title, though that short title does not appear in the earlier act itself. Almost invariably the short title includes a year, for example:
The Civil Rights of Convicts Act, 1828
Given a short title that includes a year, you can find the chapter number in one of two chronological lists in Halsbury's Statutes of England (call no. KD 135.H5), volume 41, starting at pages 504 and 729. (The two lists come from the Short Titles Act 1896, 59&60 Vict. c.14, and the Statute Law Revision Act 1948, 11&12 Geo. 6 c.62.)
Here are a few acts with short titles that do not include years:
The Statute of Praemunire = 16 Ric.2 c.5
The Statute of Uses = 27 Hen. 8 c.10
The Statute of Monopolies = 21 James 1 c.4
The Petition of Right = 3 Chas.1 c.1
The Statute of Distribution = 22 & 23 Chas. 2 c.10
The Statute of Frauds = 29 Chas. 2 c.3
The Bill of Rights = 1 Will. & Mary, Sess.2 c.2
The Act of Settlement = 12 & 13 Will. 3 c.2
Library Resources: Cases
Earliest sources
The Year Books (1272 to 1535)
The English Reports (up to 1865)
Other sources prior to 1865
The Law Reports (1865 to date)
Earliest sources: You might see a citation to "Pl.Ang.-Norm." -- this is Placita Anglo-Normannica, KD 270 / 1066.B5, a one-volume compilation of cases from 1066 to 1199, in Latin. Other early sources include: Bracton's Note-Book, KD578 .B7 (cases from 1217-1240, also in Latin); English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I, KD353 .S45 v. 106-107; and Earliest English Law Reports, KD 353.S45 v.111-112 (1268 to 1292). There are also a few very early cases included in the English Reports: Jenkins' Exchequer Cases, in volume 145 E.R., includes cases as early as the year 1220.
The Year Books (1272 to 1535): We have in Special Collections the "Maynard edition" (1679) of the Year Books. These reports are in Law French. Each volume covers a period of regnal years, and each year is separately paginated. Within each year there were four terms of court, called Hilary, Paschal, Trinity, and Michaelmas, and a citation to the Year Books generally includes an abbreviation of the term. Citations found in older sources can be quite short, for example:
P. 21 H. 7. 21. pl.8
meaning Paschal term of 21st year of Henry VII, at page 21, plea number 8. One portion of the Year Books, the "Liber Assisarum" (found as Part V of the Maynard edition) is cited differently:
23 Ass. pl. 2
meaning the 23rd year (of Edward III), in the Liber Assisarum, plea number 2.
Following are the contents of the Maynard edition:
v.1:
Memoranda in Scaccario (in the time of Edward I)
1-19 Edward II
v.2: 1-10 Edward III
v.3: 7, 18, 21-30, 38-39 Edward III
v.4: 40-50 Edward III
v.5: Liber Assisarum, 1-50 Edward III
1-14 Henry IV
1,2,5,7-9 Henry V
v.7: 1-4, 7-12, 14, 18-20 Henry VI
v.8: 21-22, 27-28, 30-39 Henry VI
v.9-10:
1-22 Edward IV
5 Edward IV ("Long Quinto")
v.11:
1 Edward V
1 & 2 Richard III
1-16, 20-21 Henry VII
12-14, 18-19, 26-27 Henry VIII
Some of the Year Books have been published in modern editions, with English translation. We have these for the following years:
20 & 21 Edward I (Rolls series) -- call no. KD 194 / 1272
1 to 14 Edward II (Selden Society) -- call no. KD 193.Y43
3 & 4 Edward III (Eyre of Northamptonshire) (Selden Society) -- KD 194 / 1329
13 to 20 Edward III (Rolls series) -- call no. KD 194 / 1327
2 Richard II and 6 to 13 Richard II (Ames Foundation) -- call no. KD 193.Y45
1 Henry VI -- call no. KD 193 / 1422 .S45
10 Edw.4 & 49 Henry VI -- call no. KD 194 / 1420
Also from this time period are the Select Cases in the Court of King's Bench, KD 200.5.S29, a Selden Society publication covering 1272 to 1422.
The Selden Society publications are available to the Rutgers-Newark Law School students and faculty in Hein Online.
An online database of information about the Year Book reports, compiled by David J. Seipp and known as "Seipp's Abridgment," is found on the Boston University School of Law website at http://www.bu.edu/law/seipp/. On the search page, http://www.bu.edu/phpbin/lawyearbooks/search.php, using the second line of the "custom search" portion, you can retrieve a record by regnal year, plea number and page ("folio"). For some cases, this database will supply an English paraphrase or a reference to a published translation.
The English Reports (up to 1865): The English Reports (Full Reprint), which we will refer to below simply as the English Reports, is located at call number KD 270.G74, and is also available in a free web version at http://www.commonlii.org/uk/cases/EngR/, as well as on both HeinOnline and LLMC-Digital. It reprints numerous earlier reporters that are mostly cited by their compilers' names, and are therefore known as "nominative reports." The period covered overlaps the period of the Year Books. Most of the cases are from the time period 1378 through 1865, but there are a few cases as old as 1220 and some cases as late as 1873.
Often you will see a case cited by its name and the original nominative report citation:
Howe v. Lord Dartmouth, 7 Ves. 137
There are various ways to find such a case in the English Reports, using tools located with that set, as described below. However, if you are starting out at the reference desk, it is a good idea, before heading up to the second floor, to first check the reporter abbreviation in Donald Raistrick's Index to Legal Citations and Abbreviations (2d ed.), Ref. KD400 .R35 1993. You might find that what you assumed was an English case is actually American, or from some other jurisdiction. Raistrick gives the range of volume numbers in the English Reports for each of the nominatives.
Finding a case by name. Given the name of the case, and assuming some other information indicating it is an English case before 1865, you can use the two-volume alphabetical Index of Cases shelved with the English Reports. Two things to note about the arrangement of this index: Anonymous parties are indicated by blank lines, located at the beginning of the "A" entries. Case names starting with either "Rex" or "Regina" are interfiled under the abbreviation "R."
Since the Index of Cases has on occasion gone astray from its proper place on the shelf, it is useful to know an alternative method if you have only the name of the case. This is to use The Digest, at KD 296.E5. (We cancelled our subscription to that set after 1991, but it is still useful for finding cases up to that point. Note that some volumes of the set still have its former title, English & Empire Digest.) Looking up a case by name in this set is a three-step process: First, find the case in the four-volume "Consolidated Table of Cases." The entry there will refer you to a volume number and topic of the main part of the set. In that volume, look in the table of cases in the front. This will give you a case number in bold print. Finally, find the case summary with that number in the main part of the volume, and it will include the full citation to the English Reports.
Finding a case by nominative citation. If you did not have the case name, but only the volume, abbreviation, and page of the nominative citation--for example just "7 Ves. 137"--you can still find the case. Either from the wall chart mounted on the south wall near the KD shelves or from Raistrick, determine which volume or range of volumes in the English Reports contains the reprint of the nominative. (The wall chart will give you the exact volume, Raistrick will give you the range. The range is sufficient because each E.R. volume has a spine label showing what volumes of the nominative are included.) Then, in the appropriate E.R. volume, the page headers and star-pagination will guide you to the case. (Obviously, you can also use this approach if you have the case name and the nominative cite.)
Other sources prior to 1865: In case a volume is missing from our set of English Reports or a case in that set is mutilated, or if you have a pre-1865 citation that does not seem to be in E.R., here are some possible alternative sources for a case from that time period:
The Revised Reports, call number KD270 1785 .R4, covering 1785 to 1866; has its own table of cases.
The All England Law Reports Reprint, call number KD 288.A64, has selected cases from 1558 through 1935. For a case with a year up to 1865, find in the first eight volumes the volume covering the right time span, and look in the table of cases in the front of that volume.
English Common Law Reports, covering 1813 to 1865 (call number KD 270.E7) and English Chancery Reports, covering 1822 to 1853 (call number KD 232.E7). For a list of the nominatives reprinted in these sets, showing which volume of E.C.L. or Eng. Ch. contains each nominative, see Arthur S. Beardsley & Oscar C. Orman, Legal Bibliography and the Use of Law Books (2d ed.), Z6451 .B36 1947, Appx.III at 580-84. The English Common Law Reports includes some cases not found in the English Reports.
English Ruling Cases, KD291 .E45 1916, an American publication of selected cases.
Pre-1865 English Law Reports. This is a micro-opaque facsmile reprint of nominative reports which were not reprinted in the English Reports.
You should be aware that a single case was often reported in different versions by two or more of the nominative reporters. At the beginning of a case in the English Reports, you may see a citation preceded by "S.C.," meaning the same case in a different report.
Some manuscript sources of the time period have recently been published in scholarly editions by the Selden Society. Some examples, all at KD 353.S45, are The Reports of Sir John Spelman (v.93) from the reign of Henry VIII; Reports from the Lost Notebooks of Sir James Dyer ( v. 109-110) , from 1541 to1581; and Reports of John Caryll, (v.155-116), from 1486 to 1522. Citations to these are likely to include the information that they are Selden Society publications.
The Law Reports (1865 to date): Since 1865, there has been a semi-official series of law reports in England, published by the Incorporated Council of Law Reporting. They have the general title of The Law Reports, and various sub-series which have changed over the years. There are three distinct time periods, distinguished by different citation forms (note: the citation examples given below are those that you are likely to encounter in English sources, not Bluebook forms):
1865 to 1875: Each sub-series for this time period has continuous volume numbering, so that the year is not an essential part of the citation. This time period is distinguished by including "LR" in the citation before the volume number. For example,
Marshall v Ulleswater Steam Navigation Co (1871) LR 7 QB 166
refers to a report in the Queen's Bench Cases.
1875 to 1890: Volume numbers start over with "1" in 1875 and are again continuous through 1890 in each sub-series. These are cited without the "LR." For example:
Anderson v Oppenheimer (1880) 5 QBD 602, CA
cites a case in the Queen's Bench Division subseries. That subseries, like others in The Law Reports, includes decisions from more than one level of court. The "CA" at the end of the citation means it was a decision of the Court of Appeal. However, the court is not always included in the citation.
1891 to date: Starting in 1891, the year functions as a volume number, and is therefore put in square brackets instead of parentheses. For example:
Verrall v Great Yarmouth Borough Council [1981] QB 202
If there is more than one volume in a year, the volumes are numbered 1, 2, etc. For example:
Miles v Bull [1969] 1 QB 258
Note that the name of one court changes according to whether there is a Queen or a King on the throne, and the name of the reports changes along with it. So the following two citations are from the same subseries of reports:
Baron v Portslade Urban District Council [1900] 2 QB 588
In re Riggs [1901] 2 KB 16
Our shelving order for The Law Reports is shown below. Note that our holdings end with the year 1991. For cases through 2004, we have the All England Law Reports, at call number KD288 .A64. All of the cases from 1865 to date can also be found on Lexis: in the UK library, the file ICLR contains The Law Reports, and there is a more inclusive file ALLCAS. To retrieve a known case on Lexis , you are better off using a search of the form
name(miles and bull)
rather than trying to figure out the right citation form to use in the "get a document" function. Note that cases from most courts from 1996 forward are also available through the website of the British and Irish Legal Information Institute, http://www.bailii.org.
SHELVING ORDER & USUAL ABBREVIATIONS OF THE LAW REPORTS
KD 275
English & Irish Appeals (1877-1875) (7 v)
(The "HL" in the citation stands for House of Lords.)
LR v# HL
KD 275.2
Scoth & Divorce Appeals (1866-1875) (2 v)
LR v# Sc & Div
Privy Council Appeals (1866-1875) (6 v)
LR v# PC
Crown Cases Reserved (1865-1875) (2 v)
LR v# CCR
Appeal Cases (1876-1890) (15 v)
App Cas
Appeal Cases (1891--1991)
Chancery Appeals (1865-1875) (10 v)
LR v# Ch App
Equity Cases (1865-1875) (20 v)
LR v# Eq
Chancery Division (1875-1890) (45 v)
Chancery Division (1891-1985)
Chancery Division & Family Division (1986-1991)
Common Pleas Cases (1865-1875) (10 v)
LR v# CP
Common Pleas Division (1875-1880) (5 v)
Exchequer Cases (1865-1875) (10 v)
LR v# Ex
Exchequer Division (1875-1880) (5 v)
ExD
Queen's Bench Cases (1865-1875) (10 v)
LR v# QB
Queen's Bench Division (1875-1890) (25 v)
QBD
Queen's Bench (1891-1901)
King's Bench (1901-1952)
Admiralty & Ecclesiastical Cases (1866-1875) (4 v)
LR v# A & E
Probate & Divorce Cases (1865-1875) (3 v)
LR v# P & D
Probate Division (1875-1890) (15 v)
Probate Division (1891-1971)
Family Division (1972-1985)
Library Resources: Books of Authority
BOOKS OF AUTHORITY
Several early treatises are regarded as authoritative statements of the law as of the times they were written. Among them are:
Glanville ("Glanv.") Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Anglie qui Glanvilla vocatur ("The treatise on the laws and customs of the realm of England, commonly called Glanvill"), written about 1189. We have editions with English translation at call number KD 600.G5.
Bracton ("Brac." or "Bract.") De legibus et consuetudinibus Angliae ("On the laws and customs of England"), written between 1250 and 1258. We have the Samuel E. Thorne edition with English translation at call number KD 600.B7 / 1968. This is also available online at Harvard Law School Library's web site: http://bracton.law.harvard.edu/
Littleton's Tenures ("Litt.Ten.") Thomas Littleton, Tenures, first published in 1481. Written in law French. We have English translations at call number KD833 .L57. (See also next item.)
Coke's Institutes ("Co. Inst." or "Inst.") Sir Edward Coke, Institutes of the Laws of England, first published 1628-1644. In four parts; Part I, call number KD 833.C6, is a commentary on Littleton's Tenures (including the text of that work), often called "Coke upon Littleton" and cited "Co. Lit.". Part II is at call number KD 660.C6, and Parts III & IV are at KD 7869.C64. ECCO includes a 1703 edition of Part I and 1797 editions of Parts II, III, & IV. The original editions are available to Rutgers users in the database EEBO: Early English Books Online, http://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/indexes/eebo
Hale's Pleas of the Crown ("Hale P.C.") Sir Matthew Hale, Historia Placitorum Coronae, first published 1736. Call number KD 7869.H35 Note: there was also an earlier summary work by Hale with the actual title Pleas of the Crown, but the citation "Hale P.C." usually refers to the Historia Placitorum Coronae. Both works are available in ECCO.
Hawkins Pleas of the Crown ("Hawk.P.C.") William Hawkins, A Treatise of the Pleas of the Crown, first published 1716. We have this work only in Special Collections, but the 3rd,4th, 6th and 7th editions are available in ECCO.
Blackstone's Commentaries ("Bl.Com.") Sir William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, first edition 1765-1769. Facsimile of the first edition is at call number KD 660.B52. This edition is also available online in the Avalon Project at Yale, at http://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/blackstone.asp. The first through 7th and 9th through 13th editions are in ECCO. Various American editions are at call number KF 385 .B55.
Last Updated: Feb 28, 2020 9:09 AM
URL: https://libguides.law.rutgers.edu/c.php?g=812617
Subjects: International and Foreign Law


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text:
Zetian Mi elected OSA Fellow
Catharine June • September 26, 2017
Mi recognized for his work with full-color LEDs and more
Zetian Mi
Prof. Zetian Mi has been elected Fellow of OSA, the Optical Society, "for contributions to the development of high performance III-nitride nanowire photonic devices, including full-color light emitting diodes, electrically injected ultraviolet lasers, and artificial solar fuel technology."
He researches semiconductor optoelectronics, specifically III-nitride semiconductors, low dimensional nanostructures, LEDs, lasers, Si photonics, artificial photosynthesis and solar fuels. Examples of recent work include sustainable energy through artificial photosynthesis, and biochemical purification, sensing, communication and lighting applications through the lithography-free fabrication of nanowire array lasers.
Prof. Mi is Co-chair of the 11th International Symposium on Light Emitting Devices (ISSLED 2017). He has received the Young Scientist Award from the Int. Symp. on Compound Semiconductors and the Young Investigator Award from the 27th North American Molecular Beam Epitaxy Conference.
An alumnus of Michigan, Mi received his Ph.D. in Applied Physics in 2006. He returned as a faculty member in 2016. Most recently, he was an Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at McGill University, where he received several major awards including the Engineering Innovation Award. He also worked at Picometrix, Inc. from 2001 to 2003, a local company spun out of the U-M College of Engineering Center for Ultrafast Optical Science.
About OSA Fellows
OSA's mission is to promote the generation, application and archiving of knowledge in optics and photonics and to disseminate this knowledge worldwide. Fellows are members who have served with distinction in the advancement of optics and photonics. Only 10% of OSA membership may be fellows, and the number elected each year is typically limited to 0.5% of membership.
OSA was founded in 1916, and is the leading professional organization for leaders in the field of the science of light, including students, engineers, scientists, and those in business.
Honors and Awards; Zetian Mi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Survivor Resources
Staff & Post Doc
Brown Bag Series
Campbell, Rebecca, Ph.D.
Home > Faculty > Campbell, Rebecca, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Psychology
rmc@msu.edu
Dr. Rebecca Campbell is a Professor of Psychology at Michigan State University. She holds a Ph.D. in community psychology with a concentration in statistics, also from Michigan State University. For the past 25 years, she has been conducting community-based research on violence against women and children, with an emphasis on sexual assault. Dr. Campbell's research examines how contact with the legal and medical systems affects adult, adolescent, and pediatric victims' psychological and physical health. Most recently, she was the lead researcher for the National Institute of Justice-funded Detroit Sexual Assault Kit Action Research Project, which was a four-year multidisciplinary study of Detroit's untested rape kits. Dr. Campbell also conducts training for law enforcement and multidisciplinary practitioners in civilian, military, and campus community settings on the neurobiology of trauma. In 2015, Dr. Campbell received the Department of Justice, Office for Victims of Crime, Vision 21 Crime Victims Research Award.
Campbell, R., Shaw, J., & Fehler-Cabral, G. (2018). Evaluation of a victim-centered, trauma-informed victim notification protocol for untested sexual assault kits (SAKs). Violence Against Women, 24, 379-400.
Campbell, R., & Fehler-Cabral, G. (2018). Why police "couldn't or wouldn't" submit sexual assault kits (SAKs) for forensic DNA testing: A focal concerns theory analysis of untested rape kits. Law & Society Review, 52, 73-105.
Feeney, H., Campbell, R., & Cain, D. (2018). "Do you wish to prosecute the person who assaulted you?" Untested sexual assault kits and victim notification of rape survivors assaulted as adolescents. Victims & Offenders, 13, 651-674.
Campbell, R., Feeney, H., Fehler-Cabral, G., Shaw, J., & Horsford, S. (in press). The national problem of untested sexual assault kits (SAKs): Scope, causes, and future directions for research, policy, and practice. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse.
Campbell, R., Pierce, S. J., Sharma, D.B., Feeney, H., & Fehler-Cabral, G. (2016). Should rape kit testing be prioritized by victim-offender relationship? An empirical comparison of forensic testing outcomes for stranger and non-stranger sexual assaults. Criminology & Public Policy, 15, 555-583.
Campbell, R., Greeson, M., Fehler-Cabral, G., & Kennedy, A. (2015). Pathways to help: Adolescent sexual assault victims' disclosure and help-seeking experiences. Violence Against Women, 21, 824-847.
Campbell, R., Shaw, J., & Fehler-Cabral, G. (2015). Shelving justice: The discovery of thousands of untested rape kits in Detroit. City & Community, 14, 151-166.
Campbell, R., Bybee, D., Shaw, J.L., Townsend, S.M., Karim, N., & Markowitz, J. (2014). The impact of sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) programs on criminal justice case outcomes: A multi-site replication study. Violence Against Women, 20, 607-625.
Select Awards
Special Contributions to Public Policy Award (The Society for Community Research and Action, 2015)
Council on Educational Program's Excellent Educator Award (The Society for Community Research and Action, 2015)
Vision 21 Research Award (Department of Justice, 2015)
RCGV Works to Improve MSU Campus Climate
RCGV faculty, students and staff join the rest of the MSU community in being...
Addressing the National Problem of Untested Sexual Assault Kits
Funder: National Institute of Justice and Bureau of Justice Assistance PI: Rebecca Campbell Dates:...
Using an Ecological Framework to Examine Reporting of Sexual Abuse During Incarceration
Funder: National Science Foundation PI: Kubiak, S. Dates: 2014-2016 The U.S. Department of Justice...
Preventing Secondary Victimization by Educating Systems about Neurobiology of Trauma
Too often, rape victims and other victims of trauma are re-traumatized by those from...
The Research Consortium on Gender-based Violence (RCGV) provides a collaborative, multi-disciplinary vehicle for Michigan State University faculty and students to engage in social action research that influences significant local, state, national and international practice and policy related to gender-based violence.
Thank you for your generosity! Money donated to this fund is used to directly support research and outreach activities related to ending and preventing violence against women, and improving the community response to survivors. Contribute now.
Dr. Hannah Feeney completes her PhD
Dr. Kristen Prock defends dissertation
Doctoral students Morgan PettyJohn and Finn Muzzey present at conference
Dr. Angie Kennedy featured in MSU Today
On a Related Note…
Michigan State University's Research Consortium on Gender-based Violence involves students in our social action research. Please watch our video, featuring undergraduate research assistants: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0h6h2Hde-4
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Be A Host Family
Wingers Kids Club
Become A Wing
Odde Ice Center
Group Outing
Winger welcomes you to the 2020-21 season
5 Seasons, 6 Division-I Goaltenders
Between the pipes for the Wings have been solid goaltenders, six of whom have committed to NCAA Division I programs in the Wings' five total seasons.
Hunter Leisner
The Garland, Texas native joined the Wings from 2010-2012. Leisner is currently the goaltender at American International College where he has played 41 games in just two seasons. With the Wings, Leisner was 29-38-7 with a 2.53 goals against average one season. Leisner also played for the Texas Tornados where he was 40-24-3 over a season and a half.
Reid Mimmack
The Brainerd, Minnesota goaltender was 3-2-0 with a 2.81 goals against average in his time with the Wings. Mimmack has served as a goaltender for Division I Bemidji State University for the past two seasons.
Zach Nagelvoort
Former Wings coach Travis Winter brought in Nagelvoort during a thrilling race for a playoff berth from the Soo Eagles. While with the Wings, he was 8-1-1 with 1.66 goals against average and 95% save percentage. Nagelvoort then committed to the University of Michigan Wolverines where has been 22-18-3 in two seasons including a Big 10 Championship berth last season. In 2014, Nagelvoort was also selected in the 4th Round of the NHL Draft by the Edmonton Oilers.
Henry Dill
Dill came to the Wings in the 2013-2014 season from Columbus, Ohio. He had an impressive rookie season in the NAHL going 20-7-1 with a 2.26 goals against average and 93% save percentage. Dill made his Division I commitment to the University of Massachusetts Minutemen where he was 7-10-1 last season. Also joining him at UMass was Wings defenseman Jake Horton.
Chad Catt
Catt spent the portions of three seasons with the Aberdeen Wings. Collectively, he was 33-30-3 including a 2.18 goals against average and 94% save percentage during the 2013-2014 season. Catt finished last season with the Soo Eagles where he was the 2nd highest rated goaltender in the league. Catt made his Division I commitment late in the season to the University of Michigan.
Andrew Shortridge
Shortridge was 15-15-1 in 2014-2015, his rookie NAHL season, with a 2.57 goals against average. Shortridge made a commitment to Quinnipiac University. Shortridge received seven weekly honors from the NAHL including being named First Star of the Week twice.
Grebosky Named MIAC All-Rookie Team
Pre-Draft Camp Begins Friday
The Columbus Blue Jackets Select Peter Thome!
Okeson Commits to Concordia!
Aberdeen Wings Draft Results
Wings Acquire Jack Kelly!
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Etisalat partners with Smart Dubai Government
Previous Article How an OPEX/CAPEX model can transform cost structures and increase operational efficiency
Next Article du and ITWORX pioneered the launch of du Business Hub to foster enterprise collaboration
Etisalat has announced its partnership with Smart Dubai Government to enhance the infrastructure of its existing network and proactively monitor and support to help achieve Dubai Government's Smart Dubai vision.
Smart Dubai Government is the technology arm of Smart Dubai, a city-wide initiative to make Dubai the happiest city on Earth.
Wesam Lootah, CEO Smart Dubai Government Establishment and Abdulla Al Ahmed, senior vice president, Government sales, Etisalat, signed a master services agreement at the GITEX Technology Week 2016. Under the agreement, Etisalat will help build the infrastructure to enhance the speed and performance of the existing network.
Wesam Lootah, CEO, Smart Dubai Government said: ""Smart Dubai is committed towards making Dubai the happiest city on Earth. Today's strategic announcement will mainly benefit all Dubai government entities that work towards the goal of achieving this vision and work together to build the future of the city. Technology and a robust infrastructure are an integral part of this transformation, therefore it's essential to collaborate with a leading telco like Etisalat to utilize their expertise in building this smart network. We look forward to working closely with Etisalat and their team of experts to shape the future of the city and the country.""
Abdulla Al Ahmed, senior vice president, Government Sales, Etisalat said: ""Today's partnership with Smart Dubai Government is in line with Etisalat's pledge to support the long-term strategy of the nation, we have built a strong foundation by combining our strengths in robust and resilient communications and infrastructure services with our ecosystem of partners bringing global experience.
""We believe that with Etisalat's expertise, capabilities and strong track record of delivering flagship ICT projects, are well-positioned to support the UAE's 'Smart' vision, which is set to transform the country into an information-based economy. Etisalat has partnered with government entities on key projects bringing together our people, technologies and expertise in telecommunications and digital services and solutions for an on-time execution of complex projects.""
Partnership	Etisalat	Smart Dubai Government	Smart Dubai vision
Centrigent CEO Jay Srage tackles the new industrial digital divide
Centrigent, B-Yond bring world-class AI-based platform to the Middle East
STL unveils AI-powered business intelligence solution
Opening the doors to industrial AI


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Innovative Development, Good News! Center Enamel Has Been Awarded The Honorary Title Of "Specializing In New" Enterprise
A few days ago, Hebei province industry and information technology department announced Hebei province "Specializing In New Enterprise" list of enterprises. The establishment of the honor of "specialty, specialty and novelty" aims to select enterprises with the characteristics of "specialization, refinement, specialty and novelty", improve the ability of enterprise transformation and upgrading, and lead enterprises to take the road of "specialty, specialty and novelty" development. Center Enamel co., LTD., with its production strength, research and development technology, innovation ability, professional team and other advantages, has been awarded the title of "specialized and special new" enterprise in Hebei province.
Center Enamel is the first and the most experienced Glass-Fused-to-Steel tanks manufacturer in all of Asia. Since its inception, Center Enamel has been committed to the research and development and production of storage tanks, and according to the different needs of customers, tailored for customers to create appropriate storage tank solutions. Through the innovation in technology, design and other aspects, Center Enamel is developing a variety of new products, product diversification, to provide customers with more choices. Among them, the core product Glass-Fused-to-Steel tank is widely used in drinking water, industrial wastewater treatment, municipal sewage treatment, aquaculture wastewater treatment, landfill leachate treatment and other fields due to its outstanding advantages, and has won the trust and recognition of customers in 60 countries and regions.
Center Enamel actively cooperates with domestic and foreign major scientific research institutions, invests a large number of funds every year for scientific research and development and technical breakthrough, and has made substantial breakthroughs. Up to now, through technology accumulation and product innovation, Center Enamel has a series of patent certification and core technology with independent intellectual property rights and is in a leading position in the industry. In 2019, after being rated as "the little giant of science and technology", Center Enamel was awarded the honor of "specialized and special new" enterprise in Hebei province, which marks that Center Enamel has stepped up to a new level.
In addition, Center Enamel has also been awarded a "high-tech enterprise certificate", "city star enterprise", "ministry of agriculture management standard enterprise", "special credit enterprise" and other honorary titles. Each honor is the result of the joint efforts of the team of Center Enamel, and also a high recognition of the achievements of Center Enamel. In the future, Center Enamel will, as always, adhere to the development line of specialization, refinement, specialty and novelty, continue to focus on the improvement of products and processes, constantly improve the innovation ability, enhance the core competitiveness, to provide customers with better products and tank solutions.
Contact Person: Ms. melody wong


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A new AAA Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles game is coming next year
Nickelodeon has plans to release a AAA game for TMNT according to Toy World Magazine.
by Darryl Lara published September 6, 2022 September 6, 2022
It has been a big year for fans of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. This year saw two TMNT games: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Shredder's Revenge and The Cowabunga Collection.
The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles will be getting a AAA game in 2023 according to a magazine article.
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Shredder's Revenge is a side-scrolling action brawler inspired by the older TMNT games. It was well received by critics and fans, selling over a million copies in its first week. On the other hand, The Cowabunga Collection is a compilation of games that were published by Konami from 1989 to 1993. The collection includes 13 games from different platforms with several titles featuring online multiplayer.
After two relatively successful hits this year, it looks like the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles franchise wants to invest more in the gaming space.
According to an article by Toy World Magazine, Paramount, which owns Nickelodeon and the license to the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtle, has plans to release a AAA TMNT video game. The statement found on Page 170 under the 'Paramount Consumer Products & Experiences' section mentions that Paramount "will launch a brand-new original Triple-A game in 2023" for the heroes in a half shell.
What could the new TMNT game be?
An open-world game for the reptilian heroes sounds like a lot of fun.
There have already been some suggestions on what the next TMNT game would be like. An open-world action-adventure game set in the streets of New York City where Leonardo, Donatello, Raphael, and Michelangelo fight crime at night sounds like a whole lot of fun.
You can imagine it being similar to Gotham Knights where players can play a 4-person coop campaign with each taking control of a Ninja Turtle. The Turtles fight bad guys at night on rooftops, alleys, and possibly the sewers. Throw in some boss battles against Rocksteddy, Beebop, and Shredder while doing parkour maneuvers through rooftops or driving the Turtle Van around Manhattan and you've got a winner.
The game's potential can be easier to imagine as some fans have already created a mod for Marvel's Spider-Man featuring the Ninja Turtles. If this clip doesn't convince you that the next TMNT needs to be an open-world action-adventure game, I do not know what will.
I've literally ALWAYS wanted something like this to exist 🐢 🍕🍕🍕
AND NOW IT DOES!
(No ETA yet, this is just something I threw together in the last hour. But expect a full TMNT pack containing all 4 brothers soon!)#SpiderMan #SpiderManPC #SpiderManPS5 #TMNT pic.twitter.com/RUdS9HTHbs
— Dash 🕷🦇 (COMMISSIONS OPEN) (@Space_Dasher) September 1, 2022
The clip comes courtesy of Twitter user @Space_Dasher who tells us that they worked on a complete mod to feature all four of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. The mod is now on Nexus Mods.
As for the future of the TMNT franchise, fans can look forward to a Seth Rogen-led movie. It's possible that Paramount sees the potential of a gaming tie-in to the upcoming reboot, but history suggests that there are more video game tie-in duds than there are hits.
Hopefully, we don't need to wait long before getting more information about the new AAA game from Paramount and Nickelodeon.
Gotham Knights, Nickelodeon, Paramount Pictures, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Shredder's Revenge, The Cowabunga Collection
Posted by Darryl Lara
Darryl has been gaming since the early 90s, loves to read books and watch TV. He spends his free time outside of gaming and books by riding his motorcycle and taking photographs. You can find Darryl on Instagram. Check him out on Steam and Xbox too.


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Cast of Wonders 278: Strong as Stone
[ 2715 words ]
Author : Effie Seiberg
Narrator : Eliza Chan
Originally published in the Monsters and Masks issue of Veux Magazine (October 2013)
The introduction gives the incorrect episode number – please forgive the error. Looks like Marguerite has been time travelling again…
The Sword and Sonnet Kickstarter is running now!
Strong as Stone
by Effie Seiberg
I thought Halloween would be different. The one day where I could go out and run around with kids my age, and be myself – truly myself, with nothing to hide. I was right, but not in the way that I thought.
For you see, I'm made of stone. My skin is rough granite, my teeth are like river-washed pebbles, my hair crystalline gypsum. I'm streaked in grays and whites and browns. All the races of the world shoot through my palms and ankles and stomach. I am the melting pot, where the stones of the earth liquefy and boil together.
The doctors don't know what it is.
For as long as I can remember, I've been in and out of the hospital. Mostly in. A banged-up knee is a bigger deal if you chip off a piece and leave it on the sidewalk when you fall off your bike. Broken bones are not as big a problem as you might think, but gallstones and kidney stones, forced out through crystalline paths, are much more problematic. It's hard for doctors to treat me when their needles break on my skin.
My parents tell me I need to be strong as the rocks I'm made of. Little girls need to be strong to deal with the whole wide world, and look how strong I am already, they say, when they see me crush a Coke can with one stony hand. But they protect me from the world. It's nasty out there, they say. People don't understand someone who's different.
But Halloween, is where that can change. Where they'll let me go outside and play with other kids like me, where it's okay that I look different because that's the day that everybody looks different. And I won't need to wear long sleeves and gloves and a bandana over my nose and mouth, which is annoying because in the summer it gets really hot and I look even weirder dressed like that.
Sometimes I think they're ashamed of me, of how I look. Why else would they want to hide me so. But Halloween… everyone is allowed to look like anything they want, so why not me? Why not go outside and feel the sun on my rocky skin and let it heat up, even in the chill October air. Everyone will think it's a costume, a mask, and it will be okay.
I come up with a backstory. I'm Stony Girl, the strongest superhero. When the other kids say they've never heard of her, I'll just act superior like they don't read the latest comics. She's got a blue and a green outfit with a blue insignia, because those are my favorite colors. But the other kids won't need to know that.
I go to school online. There are classes for kids like me, kids in the hospital too often to keep up with a regular school. You can video in, but my parents told me I should keep my avatar up instead. Just because the other kids may have a tangle of tubes coming out of them doesn't mean they too won't be cruel.
They were right. One girl videoed in with burns on half of her face, and the other kids laughed at her. They called her pizzaface, and half-cheese-half-pepperoni. She cried, the tears making her wince when they hit her raw red flesh. At least stone doesn't hurt like that. But even so, I've kept my avatar.
This year Halloween is on a Saturday. No school to video into with my "costume", but there are block parties and parades and costume contests for everyone. And it'll all be outside.
I've been working on my costume. A needle is hard to hold with fingers of stone. It slips out with a scrape, grating against my rough fingertips. I asked one of the nurses for a spare pair of rubber gloves, and those help keep the grip a bit. Thread is another issue. But the costume is done, after a month of work – a green shirt (tank top, where I can show my arms) with a big "SG" logo in blue, and a blue skirt. None of the newer superheroes have capes, so I don't add one.
My parents are hesitant, but in the end they let me go. The neighborhood around our house (I'm rarely there – the hospital's neighborhood feels more familiar) has a Halloween potluck in the street. No running, they tell me, so I don't chip when I fall. Just be very very careful, they tell me, over and over.
It's okay though. I'll be able to play foursquare and jump rope and red light/green light and all the usual games I can't play. No hand clapping games, though, to avoid bruising the other kids' palms. And no freeze tag, so nobody slaps their hand on my stony flesh, even through my shirt.
I shake with excitement as I go outside, arms and legs and face and hair exposed. It's windy, chilly. My hair doesn't move, stalactites curving down my head in tans and browns. I lift my face to the cold October sun and feel the weak heat come down on me. I can feel dry leaves whip around my bare gray ankles. It's glorious.
As I walk with my parents through to the cluster of neighbors (not my neighbors – my neighbors are the kid with liver cancer and the kid with scleroderma – these are my parents' neighbors) I see people point and stare. But everyone's pointing and staring at everyone, as the costumes stream through, so it's okay. For once, I'm just like everyone else.
A big smile cracks through my face, tiny pieces of granite crumbling at the corners. It hurts a bit, but I'm too happy to care. I run over to a group of kids that look about my age.
"Hi!" I say with a wave. "I like your costumes." There's a Batman and a princess and a Pikachu and a teddy bear.
"Who are you supposed to be?" says the kid dressed as Batman. His mask is too big for his face, and he chews the bottom of the nosepiece.
I'm glad I prepared for this. "I'm Stony Girl! The strongest superhero out there!" I strike a pose, one arm flexed and the other pointing out. I bet I look like I can take on the world. But to make sure I don't sound like I'm putting him down, I add, "I bet between Stony Girl and Batman, we could save the world from all the bad guys out there! Stony Girl's strength plus Batman's great fighting powers make us unstoppable!" I smile. Batman isn't smiling back.
The princess gives me a strange look. She's got glitter lip gloss on, and it shimmers as she curves out the words, "I've never heard of Stony Girl. What are you, some kind of nerrrrd?" She stretches it out.
"I'm not. Stony Girl is real! She's so strong, she can lift buildings and throw cars. She saves people from supervillains." Good thing I had the backstory ready.
"I've never heard of her either," says Batman. "But you know who's made of rock? The Thing!"
The teddy bear and the Pikachu laugh. "Haha yeah, The Thing! He's a big monster made of rock, like you!" says the Pikachu.
"And as ugly as you!" says the teddy bear.
"Yeah!" says the princess. "You're not The Thing, you're The Ugly Thing! Because you're so ugly!"
This gets another laugh from the teddy bear. "Ugly Thing! Ugly Thing!" she chants.
I want to cry, but rocks can't do that. So all I feel is pressure behind my nose and eyelids, where water would come out if it could. You can't squeeze water from a stone. So the underground geyser has nowhere to go, and the pressure builds up.
Maybe these are just mean kids. I didn't want to be friends with mean kids anyway. I'm as strong as stone. I walk up to the table where all of the adults have brought their food.
Two identical plastic containers with vanilla and chocolate cupcakes with orange jimmies on top sit next to three identical plastic containers with pumpkin-shaped cookies. Looks like some of the adults go shopping at the same Safeway. I grab a cookie. Crunchy things feel better in my mouth. My teeth are good at grinding and snapping, but my stiff basalt tongue is not as good at poking into the crevices to lick out frosting stuck between them.
One of the mothers is there, arranging orange and black paper napkins next to orange and black plastic forks. She's put on cat ears and drawn whiskers on her face. "Ooh, aren't you scary!" she said. "What kind of monster are you?"
The pain beneath my nose and eyelids grows. I'm not a monster! I'm a superhero! Why can't they see that? I clench my fists, crumbles of shale coming off my nails as they grind against my palms.
Without a word I run to the other side of the table where I just barely manage to stop myself before I run into another one of the mothers. This one is in some sort of warrior costume, with a gold plastic breastpiece and a gray plastic sword strapped to her side.
"Oh no!" she says in mock horror. "A scary monster! Whatever will I do?" She draws her plastic sword and makes a few swipes in the air. I bury my face in my hands, wishing the tears would come so at least the geyser could blow.
"Aw honey, I'm sorry," she said, kneeling down. "It was just a bit of fun. Here, you can play with my sword if you want. What are you supposed to be? Your makeup is just incredible!" She's wearing too much eyeliner, and there are clumps at the end of her eyelashes. If that's what makeup makes you look like, I don't want it.
I raise my face out of my hands. "It's not makeup," I whisper. It's just me. They think I'm the monster. Even a superhero insignia can't make them look past my monstrous face.
"No no, of course it's not makeup!" She's playing along. "Oooh, you're just the scariest thing I've ever seen!"
I run back to my parents, past the crowd of kids who, when they see me, chant "The Thing! The Thing! Uglier than anything!" I can't even console myself with how pathetic their rhyme is.
I guess it takes Halloween for the monster to come out. Look out, here she comes. Run and hide, or the ugly rock monster will getcha. All they see is stone, and what's inside makes no difference. I could be the most beautiful geode in the world, with blue and purple and gold shimmering crystals inside, and they'd still laugh. Would they stop, if I broke open and they could see what was inside? Or would even that not make a difference?
I find my dad and bury myself in his pant leg. He reaches down to hug me, and I can feel him jolt back a bit when he feels the heat from my stony skin. He kneels down and cups my hot face in his hands, "Sweetie, I'm so sorry," he says. He gives me another hug, and as he moves his hands away from my face I see they've gotten a bit pink from the temperature. That's what happens when you can't cry.
He turns to my mom and gives her a knowing look. "Come on sweetheart," he says softly. "Let's take you back to the hospital."
Within the week, it's back to the usual. Online classes, doctors taking skin samples (skin chips, which they bore out with a diamond-tipped drill which itches as it whirls), pain in my stomach, doctors putting me in more machines that beep and buzz. I don't like it, but here at least I'm someone to take care of. Someone who poses an interesting problem. Someone who can speak up in class when we learn about long division or the ecosystem, because my voice is not so gravelly to be distinguishable. My avatar is as good a mask as any.
But the next day, I get a new neighbor. This kid's hands and feet and tongue burn with red-orange fire. The doctors have a hard time getting close enough to him, and he keeps burning through the bedclothes. Eventually they bring in a metal gurney for him and set it up like a bed, and dress him in aluminum foil. The metal glows to match the flames, but doesn't bend or drip. They bring in heavy clumsy heatproof gloves that make them struggle with the needle for the IV. They say he's getting dehydrated, and no wonder. The IV quickly boils and bursts from the pressure, scalding water shooting everywhere. A few of the nurses shriek as it burns their skin.
Eventually they clean things up and leave. The boy is one more puzzle to be solved. He lies there, heat emanating from his side of the room.
"Hi," I say.
He turns over onto his side and looks at me. But his eyes don't do that giant jump, that sudden widening like a blob of silly putty splatting onto the ground, when they see me. He looks me up and down, thinking.
"I bet they call you The Thing," he says.
I scrunch my lips together, hard enough that some bits of rock scrape together and crack. So he's going to be like that. Fine. He can go burn on his own. I wonder if you can tell someone who's on fire to go to hell.
"They laugh at me too," he continues, flames jumping from his lips as he talks. "They call me the Human Torch, after the other guy in the Fantastic Four. It's not that bad though."
I un-purse my lips. "Why's that?" Tiny bits of cracked stone fall from my mouth and make a quiet clatter on the floor.
"Cuz we're badass!" he says. "We may be freaks now, but someday we're gonna save the universe. We're better than those superheroes, because we're real. Those ones are only what people dreamed they could be. Everyone wants to be a superhero, but all they can do is put on tights and a mask, and even then it's only pretend. But us – we don't need a mask. And tights are stupid anyway, and don't make you any more super."
I smile. My stony face isn't used to that – my cheeks feel stiff as I push them out. "I'm Emma."
He smiles back, fire between his teeth. "I'm Roger. I can melt the corner of this bed, if I concentrate enough. Check it out." He does.
I look around. "I can break the chain that holds the window shut." I walk over and squeeze it between my hands. It's hard, but after a bit of work I've made a thin spot in the metal. I waggle the bits of metal in the link back and forth until they break, and then shimmy it out of the lock on the window.
"Nice!" he says, appreciative. "Can you open it?"
I push the windowpane to the left, and a light breeze hits my stony skin. I catch my reflection in the glass. My cheeks sparkle a bit where the sun hits them, prettier than any stupid princess's glitter lipgloss. My sparkle is real. I'm as strong as stone. And stone is beautiful.
Categories: Episodes
Genres: Fantasy, Modern Fantasy, Superhero, Urban Fantasy
acceptance, appearances, character, costume, cruelty, differences, Effie Seiberg, Eliza Chan, Jeremy Carter, othering, strength, superhero, Young Adult fiction
Effie Seiberg
Effie Seiberg is a fantasy and science fiction writer. Her stories can be found in the "Women Destroy Science Fiction!" special edition of Lightspeed Magazine, Galaxy's Edge, Analog, and Fireside Fiction, amongst others, as well as on PodCastle and Escape Pod.
Effie lives in San Francisco. She likes to make sculpted cakes and bad puns. You can follow her on twitter at @effies, or read more of her work at effieseiberg.com.
Find more by Effie Seiberg
About the Narrator
Eliza Chan
Eliza Chan is a writer and occasional narrator of speculative fiction. She has narrated for Pseudopod, Podcastle and Cast of Wonders. It amuses her endlessly that people find her Scottish accent soothing. Eliza has had her own work featured in The Dark, Podcastle, Fantasy Magazine and The Best of British Fantasy 2019.
When not working on her current novel or reading, Eliza can be found boardgaming, watching anime, baby wrangling and dabbling in crafts. You can find out more at her website www.elizachan.co.uk or on twitter @elizawchan.
Find more by Eliza Chan


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text:
Grooveshark outsmarts app stores thanks to HTML5
Once again, HTML5 proves to be the most obvious yet reliable option for companies looking to get on mobile devices and not deal with app store entanglements.
By Rachel King for Between the Lines | January 13, 2012 -- 12:33 GMT (04:33 PST) | Topic: Developer
Grooveshark looks to have the last laugh when it comes to being banned from both the iTunes App Store and the Android Market.
The digital music service is getting back on smartphones and tablets and into the mobile app game once again as it has developed an HTML5-based app for mobile browsers.
All one has to do is point the mobile browser (even Safari) to Grooveshark's new mobile page, and the platform is currently fashioned in a very simple, but easy to navigate layout.
For reference, the desktop version of Grooveshark runs on Flash -- and we all know that simply wasn't going to work on iOS devices without help from other apps.
Thus, HTML5 was really the only option left for Grooveshark, and even other businesses that want to optimize their content for mobile devices but don't meet the requirements of an app store. Grooveshark was removed from iTunes and the Android Market for failing to police itself for content infringement.
Nevertheless, although there is still plenty of demand for iOS and Android-optimized apps, Grooveshark is just yet another example of a major media company refusing to give into app store regulations or just avoiding them all together.
Recent examples of companies favoring HTML5, for various reasons, include Foursquare, The Financial Times, and Salesforce.com.
Can AT&T give HTML5 apps a boost?
Apple confirms iTunes Match availability in 17 countries
More Americans favoring paying for digital books, movies (report)
HP extends access to Paul McCartney's digital library to the public
Streaming music showdown: Which client fits your mobile needs?
Enterprise Software Open Source Mobile OS
More from Rachel King
Salesforce leans heavily on Lightning platform to lead charge for connected apps
Alphabet tops Q4 earnings expectations thanks to mobile search, ads
Super Bowl 50: Big tech bringing top talent to keep fans entertained, connected
Amazon's Q4: Holiday quarter disappoints but cloud keeps growing
Will Google's more-efficient 'Reformer' mitigate or accelerate the arms race in AI?
Google's latest refinement to the popular "Transformer" language model promises to make state of the art available to those with a smaller computer budget. But the advances could ...
Who needs Google? Huawei wants mobile developers to build for its new app store
But the success of the Chinese manufacturer's charm campaign - and mobile platform - is far from certain.


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text:
Bhuvanaikabahu VII (1468 – 29 December 1550) was King of Kotte in the sixteenth century, who ruled from 1521 to 1551. He was the eldest son of Vijayabahu VII of Kotte, whom he succeeded, and his chief queen Anula Kahatuda. He was born in 1468  and his brothers were Mayadunne of Sitawaka and Rayigam Bandara. After his father married a second time, his new queen brought a son from another relationship called Deva Rajasinghe, who the king intended to pass on the crown to, and Bhuvanaikabahu and his two brothers responded by fleeing the kingdom, and on their return they had an army given by the King of Kandy.

Bhuvanaikabahu VII was succeeded by his grandson Dharmapala.

Reign

After Mayadunne successfully led the men of Jayavira, the king of Kandy, against his father, the Kingdom of Kotte was divided into three among Vijaya Bahu VII's legitimate sons in 1521: Bhuvanaikabahu was crowned the King of Kotte as Bhuvanaikabahu VII, Sitawaka was given to Mayadunne of Sitawaka and Rayigam was given to Rayigam Bandara, who was also known as Parajasinghe or Maha Raigam Bandara. However, after their brother, Rayigam Bandara, died in 1538, Mayadunne seized his kingdom and became an enemy of his elder brother, who had already been suspicious of him due to the large role he played in the assassination of their father.

During Bhuvanaikabahu's reign, Mayadunne, along with his son Rajasinghe I, fought continuously against the Portuguese in order to drive them out, and they also attempted to get rid of Bhuvanaikabahu to get the Kingdom of Kotte. This resulted in the King siding with the Portuguese, and he required their protection against his younger brother  During his reign he was a weak king, being overly dependent on the Portuguese  and eventually allied with them.

Meeting with Francis Xavier
However, King Bhuvanaikabahu VII also went against the Portuguese, in terms of religion. In the mid 1500s, the Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier  was sent by King John III of Portugal to India and Ceylon to preach Catholicism. He met with the king of Kotte, and discussed with him the conversion of his religion. Fernão de Queiroz describes the conversation between them: "I understand father that your religion is the only true one. All others have so much errors and is clear to anyone. I know fully well that continuing the path that I follow I can end only in hell. It is true that my father and my ancestors died pagans. But I see that the religion of Buddum contains errors as intolerable as they are incompatible with reason.

I have come to understand that the penitence of the Christians is the true remedy for sins. Though I know the truth Christ, on account of the place which I hold, I am unable to receive Baptism at once, for the least suspicion that they should have of me in this regard would be enough to ruin the whole of my realm. I beg you to patronize cause in front of the Governor of India, that he may come to my assistance more readily and give me 100 soldiers to protect my person, lest my adversaries prevail against me as well as against the prospects of the total conversion of my lieges".

Antonio Barreto assisted Xavier in trying to convert Bhuvanaikabahu, however he was reluctant as he would upset the people of his kingdom who were Buddhist, and would further implicate him as a puppet of the Portuguese. The Portuguese finally gave up on their endeavour, and the monarchy in Portugal were notified.

Assassination
After the Portuguese halted their attempts in converting Bhuvanaikabahu, plans were made to assassinate him on the orders of Viceroy Afonso de Noronha. As the king passed one of his windows in his place, the gunman fired his musket. Bhuvanaikabahu fell, the bullet having passed through his head. The king was attended to and various medicines were used to treat him, but he died after three hours on December the 29th 1550 (some sources suggest 1551).

Other books state that Bhuvanaikabahu was murdered on the orders of his brother Mayadunne, who reigned in Sitawaka.

Family
Bhuvanaikabahu had no male heirs to the throne. By his queen he had a daughter, Samudra Devi. The king had organised for her to be married to Prince Jayo Bandara, however she was in love with a prince called Vidiya Bandara of Irugal-Malala clan, who murdered Jayo Bandara and married Samudra Devi. Their son, Dharmapala, succeeded Bhuvanaikabahu as king of Kotte. Dharmapala was also a baptized Catholic, taking the Portuguese name João (English: John), and thus was very cooperative towards the Portuguese.

See also
 List of Sinhalese monarchs
 House of Siri Sanga Bo

References

External links
 Kingdom of Kandy - Mahanuwara
 Kings & Rulers of Sri Lanka
 Codrington's Short History of Ceylon

Monarchs of Kotte
1551 deaths
House of Siri Sanga Bo
Sinhalese kings
16th-century Sinhalese monarchs
1468 births

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: What is the timezone name '\xc3\xc0\xb9\xfa\xc9\xbd\xb5\xd8\xb1\xea\xd7\xbc\xca\xb1\xbc\xe4'? I have a colleague whose computer won't run a Python script that uses the dateutil.tz module; there is a timezone name '\xc3\xc0\xb9\xfa\xc9\xbd\xb5\xd8\xb1\xea\xd7\xbc\xca\xb1\xbc\xe4' that shows up and in dateutil.tz there is this code:
def tzname_in_python2(namefunc):
    """Change unicode output into bytestrings in Python 2
    tzname() API changed in Python 3. It used to return bytes, but was changed
    to unicode strings
    """
    def adjust_encoding(*args, **kwargs):
        name = namefunc(*args, **kwargs)
        if name is not None and not PY3:
            name = name.encode()

        return name

    return adjust_encoding

which breaks because the string in question is not ASCII. What is this string? It doesn't look like valid Unicode:
>>> a = '\xc3\xc0\xb9\xfa\xc9\xbd\xb5\xd8\xb1\xea\xd7\xbc\xca\xb1\xbc\xe4'
>>> a.decode('utf8')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "c:\app\python\anaconda\2\envs\emblaze\lib\encodings\utf_8.py", line 16, in decode
    return codecs.utf_8_decode(input, errors, True)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 0: invalid continuation byte

My python script contains
timezone = dateutil.tz.tzlocal()

and the resulting object fails to run timezone.tzname(some_timestamp) because of the non-ASCII nature of the timezone name.

A: If this happens again, there is a python module for this:
>>> import chardet
>>> z = b'\xc3\xc0\xb9\xfa\xc9\xbd\xb5\xd8\xb1\xea\xd7\xbc\xca\xb1\xbc\xe4'
>>> chardet.detect(z)
{'encoding': 'GB2312', 'confidence': 0.99, 'language': 'Chinese'}

A: Aha, I figured it out after a bunch of searching on the net. It's not UTF8 or UTF16; it seems to be GB2312 (or GBK) encoding, which can be decoded in Python (on MS Windows, at least) with the gbk codec:
>>> '\xc3\xc0\xb9\xfa\xc9\xbd\xb5\xd8\xb1\xea\xd7\xbc\xca\xb1\xbc\xe4'.decode('gbk')
u'\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c71\u5730\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4'
>>> '\xc3\xc0\xb9\xfa\xc9\xbd\xb5\xd8\xcf\xc4\xc1\xee\xca\xb1'.decode('gbk')
u'\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c71\u5730\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6'

which print out (in IPython Notebook) as

美国山地标准时间
美国山地夏令时

which Google Translate tells me represents "American Mountain Standard Time" and "American Mountain Summertime", respectively.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Bollywood is the most productive film industry in the world. It can be well defined as the face of the Indian national cinema. The Hindi movie industry has made histrory in greater parts of the world. The name Bollywood originates from two different names, namely Bombay (today Mumbai) and Hollywood. When the name was cited, it was those phases that Indian cinema looked up to Hollywood for inspiration, but nowadays Indian cinema seems to bel at par with it's international counterpart. About 900 movies per annum were published.
In contrast to many Hollywood productions, male actors in the Bollywood cinema also show emotions and let their tears flow shamelessly. That's why the Indian films are generally more emotional than Hollywood films.
Bollywood started off with motion pictures in 1913. The movie was called 'Raja Harishchandra' which was a black and white movie. Today Bollywood holds the Guinness Book of world records for producing the highest number of movies each year.
For this Bollywood actors are the most reknowned people in the industry. These men, starting from likes of Dev Anand and Raj kapoor to those of Hrithik Roshan and Ranveer Singh, all of them have been a few of the most hyped personalities in their era.
Their woman colleagues have never failed to impress the people with their beauty either. The likes of Madhubala and Nargis, to those of Priyanka Chopra and Shraddha Kapoor, they have always glorified the screen with their great presence and beauty.
The Clothes of the female actors are mostly Sari's. Sari is the national dress for the women of India. A sari is basically a long strip of cloth and the length of the sari varies from four to nine meters. Coming to men's clothing, we find the unstructured 'Angrakha', which was a court outfit in ancient times. It is also a favourite of politicians and the royals.
Now we come to the cast and crew of Bollywood. Bollywood films are usually musicals. Few movies are made without at least one song-and-dance number. Indian audiences expect full value for their money. They want songs and dances, love, comedy and thrills, all mixed up in a three hour movie.
All things considered we could see that Bollywood influenced the Film industry powerfully and enrichted us by coincidence with another culture and much love.


An Bord Pleanála has refused permission for a plaza at College Green in Dublin.
"The restricted capacity of existing footpaths on both sides of the Quays to accommodate the significant volumes of pedestrians that would be re-directed onto the Quays as a result of bus re-routing, and the absence of clear proposals to address same," said the report's conclusions.
The planner's and board's detailed reasoning can be read at pleanala.ie.
The Dublin Cycling Campaign tweet is almost designed to annoy significant numbers of people and should be removed. The only way to advance more cycle/walking areas is to bring people along with you. Insulting them online won't help.
@Emmet: this is a news article, their comment is their comment.
In hindsight it was inevitable after the Liffey Cycle route disaster, DCC won't make the hard decisions to give up road space to the majority, public transport users (buses, bikes, pedestrians). College Green should be the easy, highlight project after all the hard work of redesigning the quays, DCC can't skip to the end point.
Nothing is going to convince Dublin Town. At this stage I think it's fair enough to point out the fact a lot of their arguments don't make any sense in the hope that people will stop listening to them.
So annoyed at this outcome. However, I have a feeling that this will be back on the table again sooner rather than later. It's absolutely shocking to think that all the mistakes made to accommodate private CARS still goes on to deny citizens of Dublin and Ireland the opportunity to better utilise prime public space for the next generation. We have to be among the worst cities in Europe when it comes to providing useable public squares and improving air quality.
I don't think Roderic O'Gorman is a councillor.


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You should look at Waldorf life insurance as early as possible as the cost will be much lower. This will also help at later stages of life when you will not have to budget out for the premiums as they will already be paid off. This money can also be borrowed against as it has already been built up into the policy. This is all the benefits of having a policy early and does not affect the price of the quote.
There are a few things you will want to consider when looking at various life insurance quotes in Waldorf, MN. We hope that this article will allow you to make the best decision when providing for your family after you are gone. It is the last act you can do that will allow them to live the life they have become accustomed to.
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It's then when the city is in bed or boozily glued to a barstool that the skateboarders and BMX riders hit the streets. On a typical night, Pegy meets his crew before midnight and they cruise around, looking for spots in Tokyo to ride in.
Why at night? Simply because it's too crowded during the day. The type of obstacles BMX riders need are always in use; the handrails by steps are groped all day long, and tired bodies heave themselves on and off bank ledges. It's Tokyo: any public space is going to be occupied by one of the 13 million people living here—unless it's the dead of night.
Street-style riding is different from the park-style, where tricks are limited to the features of the skatepark and the imagination of its designers. The street riders say that any spot can be ridden; you just need the eye for it. But of course, there are some things you can't ride.
Street riders and skaters see the city through different eyes from us pedestrians. They prowl our city in the day, checking out rails, banks, walls, and gaps. Tokyo is full of unpleasant design in the form of stoppers on ledges and guards on rails. Compared to other cities, the obstacles here are smaller, trickier, and usually without much space to land. "Tokyo is huge but narrow and strange. There's no similar city in the world," Pegy says. That's why Tokyo riders have developed a rather unique style.
Street skaters and BMX riders are not the vandals they are often accused of being. They are (mostly) honest and decent, and usually very self-aware, traits that come from their determination and psychological strength to ignore pain when trying, and trying again, to execute a difficult trick.
You might only recognize one by the callouses on his hands or the grazes on his shins. Otherwise, during the day, they are the artists, businessmen, architects, and teachers that walk among us in Tokyo crowds. Pegy himself is a salaryman, working from 9am to 7pm, but still finds time to ride two to three nights per week. He admits it gets tiring, especially since they usually finish riding around 6am.
Filming and taking photos is a big part of the sport as well. It's made even more challenging in Tokyo, where riding at night means you have to bring additional lights to capture good footage. But it's meant to be hard, and it demands creativity.
Foreigners from other skating and BMX communities may find it novel that street skating and riding happen mostly at night. While skating and BMX communities exist worldwide, the scene is relatively small and tight-knit. This means a non-Japanese skater or rider could easily join a crew in Tokyo to hit the streets with: it's all about camaraderie and fist bumps.
Still, there is the likelihood policemen will wag their fingers at the skaters and riders for potentially damaging property and making noise. BMX bikes are frowned upon because they often don't have brakes, and skating on the street is banned. But some spots just glow so strongly with potential to be ridden that "no trespassing" signs become invisible.
Tokyo "underground" skateboarding crew "KP" are notorious for their anti-police attitude. Their videos are satirically edited to mock the unfortunate policemen on night duty. But most riders and skaters try to be polite when told off.
"We don't want to get in trouble and waste time. When they say leave, we'll leave," says Pegy. But it's likely they would come back the next night to keep filming tricks at that spot.
It's a way of life for most people, addictive and rewarding in ways other sports can't be. It's been described as a kind of meditation, where riding or skating is just part of the body's natural movement, and the real exercise is in the mind.
This video below is by the underground skateboarding crew from Tokyo, KP.
Here's one showing the unique style of Tokyo BMX riders on the streets, and embedded below is a video featuring just Pegy. He's sponsored by Animal Bikes, Alive Industry, Celladoors and Del Mar BMX.


text:
Video: Senators on the definition of marriage
(CNN) – Senators Joe Lieberman, John McCain and Lindsey Graham discussed the definition of marriage Tuesday in an interview on "Piers Morgan Tonight," insisting the decision to allow same-sex couples to legally wed should be left up to the states.
"In my state, we're not going to change the traditional definition of marriage and I would support the traditional definition of marriage not out of hate but that I believe that's just best for society," said Graham, a Republican from South Carolina. "At the end of the day states will come out differently on this issue and I think that's the way it should be."
Filed under: 2012 • Joe Lieberman • John McCain • Lindsey Graham • Same-sex marriage
Obama 'confident' GOP will relent on tax increases
(CNN) - With tax hikes and federal spending cuts only weeks away, President Barack Obama said he is 'optimistic' a deal will be met to avoid the so-called fiscal cliff and anticipates Republicans will not hold middle-class taxes 'hostage' in budget negotiations.
"I remain optimistic that there are enough people of goodwill in this town that recognize our economy will be much better off; American families will be much better off if we get this done," the president said in an interview with Barbara Walters on ABC, which aired in part on Tuesday. "The most important thing we can do is make sure middle-class taxes do not go up on January 1st, and I'm pretty confident that Republicans would not hold middle class taxes hostage to try to protect tax cuts for high income individuals."
Filed under: 2012 • Fiscal Cliff • House Republicans • President Obama
See show times »
Priebus predicts 'granular' approach for party
CNN's Dana Davidsen
(CNN) –– Republican National Committee chairman Reince Priebus said while the party's committee is not an organization to recommend policy changes to Congress, he believes messaging plays an important role and anticipates a more 'granular' approach to presenting GOP policies.
Priebus, who told RNC members in a letter last week he would seek re-election as the committee's leader, has said his party is planning an "autopsy" to locate areas where the GOP struggled to gain support in last month's elections.
Filed under: Reince Priebus • RNC • TV-The Situation Room
Obama, Boehner speak by telephone after GOP counter-offer
CNN Senior Congressional Producer Deirdre Walsh
Washington (CNN) - House Speaker John Boehner and President Barack Obama spoke on the phone Tuesday evening after House Republican leaders sent a new offer on a deal to avoid the fiscal cliff on Tuesday.
"We sent the White House a counter-offer that would achieve tax and entitlement reform to solve our looming debt crisis and create more American jobs," Michael Steel, spokesman for House Speaker Boehner, told CNN.
Filed under: Congress • Fiscal Cliff • John Boehner • White House
CNN's GUT CHECK for December 11, 2012
CNN Political Director Mark Preston and CNN Executive Producer Michelle Jaconi
CNN's GUT CHECK | for December 11, 2012 | 5 p.m.
– n. a pause to assess the state, progress or condition of the political news cycle
DEVELOPING: MICHIGAN LAWMAKERS PASS BILLS WEAKENING UNION POWER… As protesters descended on the Michigan Statehouse Tuesday, legislators passed a controversial "right-to-work" measure that would weaken unions' power. The House approved two bills, which the Senate already passed last week. Both chambers are dominated by Republicans. Gov. Rick Snyder, a Republican, has said he will sign the legislation, which would allow workers at union-represented employers to forgo paying dues. – Tami Luhby
REPLACING DEMINT: FIRST ON CNN: HALEY FINALIZES SHORT LIST FOR DEMINT SEAT... South Carolina Gov. Nikki Haley has whittled down the list of people she is considering for Jim DeMint's soon-to-be-vacant Senate seat to five people, a Republican close to the governor told CNN on Tuesday. Her final choices for the seat are Rep. Tim Scott, Rep. Trey Gowdy, former state Attorney General Henry McMaster, former South Carolina First Lady Jenny Sanford and Catherine Templeton, a conservative attorney chosen by Haley to head the state Department of Health and Environmental Control. One thing they have in common: a warm personal relationship with the governor, who is known to prize loyalty. – Peter Hamby
Filed under: 2012
Filed under: CNN's Gut Check
Hoffa predicts 'civil war' in Michigan
CNN's Ashley Killough
(CNN) - Jimmy Hoffa, president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, said Tuesday he expects Michigan unions and lawmakers to break out into "civil war" after the state legislature passed right-to-work bills that would weaken unions' power.
"This is just the first round of a battle that's going to divide this state. We're going to have a civil war," Hoffa said on CNN's "Newsroom."
Filed under: CNNMoney.com • Michigan
Scalia defends past comments some see as anti-gay
(CNN) – As the nation's top court prepares to tackle the contentious issue of same-sex marriage, one of its most conservative justices defended past writings linking bans on homosexual sodomy to bans on sex with animals and murder.
Speaking at Princeton Monday, Associate Justice Antonin Scalia said his previous comments, made in multiple Supreme Court dissents, were effective in making the argument that legislatures should be able to ban behavior deemed immoral.
Filed under: Antonin Scalia
Lieberman continues to defend Rice amid GOP criticism
(CNN) - Sen. Joe Lieberman of Connecticut parted with two of his close friends in the Senate - Sen. John McCain and Sen. Lindsey Graham - on the question of Susan Rice's role after the Libya consulate attack and whether it could affect a potential cabinet nomination.
"I've been over all of the intelligence that we had before she went on TV that Sunday morning, I went over all of her comments. I don't think she's disqualified based on anything she said that morning," the senator said, reiterating his defense of the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations.
Filed under: Joe Lieberman • John McCain • Lindsey Graham • TV-Piers Morgan
Christie gets first official opponent in '13 re-election
CNN Political Editor Paul Steinhauser
(CNN) - New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie now has a Democratic challenger as he runs for re-election next year, but it's probably not the candidate you may have had in mind.
New Jersey state Sen. Barbara Buono Tuesday officially announced her bid for governor in an email to supporters and on her campaign website. In a video, the Democratic state lawmaker criticized the tough-talking Republican governor.
Filed under: 2013 • Chris Christie • Cory Booker • New Jersey