Sitting pretty amidst 37 acres of landscaped gardens, the secluded adult-only Hawksbill by Rex Resorts is an all-inclusive resort in the west of Antigua. We love the sandy setting; the resort is surrounded by four powdery beaches. Offering fantastic value for money, the Hawksbill is perfect for couples looking the everything-included Caribbean experience at a great price. We think the location is ideal too; it is just ten minutes from the capital, St John's and less than half an hour from the airport.
Those who love spending their holiday on the beach will be enamoured by this resort's beautiful location. Nestled on the west coast of Antigua, this retreat is flanked by four secluded beaches, which frame 37 acres of luscious tropical garden. We a selection of bays to sink your toes into, you'll be blessed with a myriad of gorgeous ocean views.
Superior Beachfront – single storey bungalows set on seagrape beach overlooking the sea.
Beach Club – located on Royal Palms beach and Honeymoon Cove. These rooms are air-conditioned with two doubles or 1 king and have mini-fridge, shower and telephone.
Great House – Equivalent of 3 Club Rooms, with dining area and kitchenette. Max occupancy 6 people. One King bedded room, two Twin bedded room. Set on the headland overlooking the ocean.


text:
Historical Monuments in Nebraska
Nebraska Monuments
Famous Places in Nebraska
Victoria Ross, Leaf Group
Nebraska has more to offer than meets the eye. (Photo: Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images )
Places to Go in Nebraska
History of Lodgepole, Nebraska
Nebraska, also known as the Cornhusker State, has much more to offer than corn and open fields. It is rich in museums, local culture, Pony Express history and Western settlement history. Whether staying for a few days or driving through on the way to another location, Nebraska allows travelers a chance to stretch their legs and learn something at the same time.
Group tours are available for this attraction located off Interstate 80 in Kearney, Nebraska. Its archway passes over I-80, providing a walkway that contains other displays pertaining to Nebraska and travel up to present day. It boasts large amounts of information surrounding the Oregon Trail, Mormon Trail and California Trail westward and the hardships endured by settlers. For those seeking the unusual Nebraska souvenir or other keepsake, a gift shop is on site.
Carhenge
Initially detested by neighbors who considered it an unsightly pile of junk cars, Carhenge has gradually become Alliance, Nebraska's claim to fame, inspiring numerous area postcards. This caricature of England's mysterious Stonehenge was fashioned out of cars rescued from junkyards and painted gray for uniformity. In a tribute to American labor, two foreign cars that were included in the original construction were removed from the attraction and replaced with American models.
Fall of Saigon, Heartland Museum of Military Vehicles
This museum started as a bet between four Vietnam veterans and became an educational stop off of I-80 in Lexington, Nebraska. Visitors can view and even enter helicopters from as far back as 1941 and covering American wars right up to Operation Iraqi Freedom. In fact, many veterans enjoy coming to the museum to sit in the choppers they once piloted years ago. This attraction is especially known for the Fall of Saigon monument depicting the historical escape from Saigon.
Rock Creek Station State Historical Park
Travelers today can still see westward expansion wagon ruts in this state historic park that includes ravines and creek bottoms. Hiking trails are available as well as horse trails, but horse riding must take place in designated areas only. If hiking isn't on the agenda, a visitor's center provides historical information on this post that was a Pony Express station and the spot where "Wild Bill" Hickok began his shooting sprees. If history isn't the objective, picnic areas and shelters allow travelers to take a break on a long drive.
RoadsideAmerica.com: Nebraska
Victoria Ross began her career as a freelance writer in 2010 and has been published on Popeater, Gadling and AOL Travel. Ross holds a Bachelor of Science in education from Eastern Illinois University and a Master of Arts in communication from the University of Illinois at Springfield.
Attribution: U.S. Department of Agriculture; License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license
Attribution: Spencer; License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic license
Attribution: Kiley; License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license
RV Campgrounds in Nebraska
Scenic Drives With Fall Foliage in Nebraska
Landforms and Geographic Features of Nebraska
National Monuments in Nebraska
Deadwood, South Dakota Attractions
Other Midwest US Travel»

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Purchased from a boutique in New Orleans. Never worn, never altered, still have original tags.
Beautiful sweetheart strapless neckline and asymmetrical fit-and-flare gown is incredibly flattering. Natural ivory color.
Love this dress, never worn, just changed my mind!


text:
Run Hide Fight ist ein US-amerikanischer Action-Thriller von Kyle Rankin, der im September 2020 bei den Filmfestspielen in Venedig seine Premiere feierte. Im Film geht es um eine Geiselnahme an einer Schule, die von den jugendlichen Tätern im Live-Stream übertragen wird.

Handlung
Als mehrere Jugendliche an einer Highschool Geiseln nehmen und mit Waffen bedrohen und diese Tat im Live-Stream übertragen, setzt die 17-jährige Zoe Hull ihren Verstand und ihre Kenntnisse ein, um lebend aus der Situation zu kommen, versucht aber auch das Leben ihrer Mitschüler zu retten.

Produktion
Regie führte Kyle Rankin, der auch das Drehbuch schrieb.

Der Titel des Films nimmt Bezug auf "Run. Hide. Fight.", eine Verhaltensrichtlinie bei Terroranschlägen oder Amokläufen, die in den USA auch in Surviving-Kursen gelehrt wird und nach der die Protagonistin im Film vorgeht.

Thomas Jane und Radha Mitchell spielen Todd und Jennifer Hull, Isabel May deren Tochter Zoe.

Die Dreharbeiten fanden im Herbst 2019 im texanischen Red Oak statt.

Eine erste Vorstellung erfolgte am 11. September 2020 bei den Filmfestspielen in Venedig, wo der Film im offiziellen Programm / im Wettbewerb außer Konkurrenz gezeigt wurde. Eine Veröffentlichung erfolgte am 14. Januar 2021 durch The Daily Wire, womit die konservative Nachrichten-Website – die von Ben Shapiro und Jeremy Boreing gegründet wurde – in das Filmverleihgeschäft einstieg.

Rezeption
Auf Rotten Tomatoes stieß der Film auf sehr gegensätzliche Meinungen zwischen Journalisten und hauptberuflichen Filmkritikern auf der einen Seite und Internetnutzern auf der anderen Seite.

In der britischen Filmzeitschrift Screen International (screendaily.com) wurde der Film als "grundsätzlich geschmacklos" beschrieben, jedoch für "starke Leistungen junger Stars" gelobt.

In der Variety wurde der Film als eine Kreuzung der Filme Elephant und The Hunger Games beschrieben.

David Rooney erklärte im Hollywood Reporter, dass der Film, abgesehen von einer halbherzigen Haltung Stirb langsam in einer High School sei. In der IndieWire erhielt der Film einen Verriss.

Im Telegraph wurde der Anführer der Mörder mit dem Joker von The Dark Knight verglichen und der Film dafür kritisiert, dass dieser "keinen Versuch unternimmt, sich mit dem amerikanischen Schulschießen als nihilistisches kulturelles Phänomen auseinanderzusetzen."

Weblinks

 Run Hide Fight im Programm der Internationalen Filmfestspiele von Venedig (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 2020
US-amerikanischer Film
Filmdrama
Actionfilm
Thriller
Amok im Film
Gewalt an Schulen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Lamar is reportedly fighting for his life.
Lamar Odom, former NBA star and ex-husband of Khloe Kardashian, was found unresponsive at a brothel in Nevada yesterday. Since then, celebs and members of Lamar's NBA family took to Twitter and Instagram to show their support during this difficult time.
Prayers going out to @lamarodom and his family. Praying he gets through this. #LakerFam 💜💛 At the end of the day, he has a family and loved ones that care for him. People shouldn't be posting/reposting that he is deceased when it isn't true. Just imagine what his loved ones must feel like to receive such terrible news.
Prayers go out to @RealLamarOdom, his friends and his family. @khloekardashian stay strong my prayers are with you.
We are all here at @ENews and all over the Lamar odom story...so sad.
We ALL got some "type" of demon that we need to be delivered from. Lets keep Lamar Odom lifted up in prayer.


Lots has happened since my last entry.
Thursday night rehearsal went well. Rob and Ron were here until 10:00. We got a good practice in.
FRIDAY morning we were all at the studio by 10:30 ready to roll. It took us about an hour to an hour and a half to set up the instruments and sound equipment. We met "Yamio" (Kevin) our sound technician. He is very nice and we can see he is going to do a great job. The first step was to lay down the basic tracks to our songs: keyboard, drums, and guitars. We took several recordings of each song. With a break for dinner, we finally left the studio at 10:00 pm, with a CD containing several tracks of EIGHT different songs! We thought it would take the two days to get six down, so we are really encouraged. We are EXHAUSTED! I didn't realize how taxing this would be. Of course, it is a great feeling, and we feel wonderful, but very tired.
SATURDAY MORNING: We are a little tired, but headed off to Shabbat Service. There we did some songs that we haven't done for a while. It was a refreshing change, after working on the other songs for so long. We had a wonderful Shabbat with all our friends and then headed home. I fell asleep in the chair for a couple of hours. THEN, it was time to go over the songs that we did, choose the best one, and make notes on all the different things that needed to be changed or corrected. Did a little review of a couple of the lyrics that needed changing.
SUNDAY: We spent a little time working on the different violin parts to add to one of the songs. We got a little carried away, and ended up being a half hour late to the studio. Rob and Ron were already there. We set out to record the basic tracts for the last four songs, but it just seemed to be more of a struggle. We just didn't have these last songs down as well, as we were expecting more to do them next weekend. We weren't making much progress and in fact decided to cut the Hassidic Medly. After a lunch break and a photo shoot, we came back and added all the acoustic guitar and extra percussion. This went REALLY smoothly! We did all EIGHT songs, and recorded Patrick's vocals on a couple of songs. The sound quality is astounding! We are encouraged and have put BACK the Hassidic Medley on the list! Guess what time we finished at the studio? 11:00 PM!!! We were home by midnight..... WHO KNEW that recording could be so much work? But wonderful work indeed as we sing and praise our hearts out with the promise of sharing it with the WORLD in a couple of weeks.
Here we are all in the Studio with our sound engineer.
Christine, Thanks so much for so much effort in keeping us all up to date. I am so thankful that Abba is taking such a persoanl interest in all of this. Bless you dear.


We know a lot of resources come across the desks of ministers and teachers, but we feel it is so important for all of us to continue our faith formation and professional development. For this reason, the Mission Office offers a monthly resource, often referred to as our "Educators Bulletin" that offers all those folks in our diocese working in various education ministries a brief but important reflection on our call to mission, solidarity, service and Catholic social teachings; it also offers a different highlighted resource or service project/activity idea each month, in addition to dates and deadlines for what's coming up in mission in our diocese.
This resource is sent out electronically each month, in the form of a PDF and as a link to our website where it can be viewed online. But it is available for anyone interested – teachers, catechists, youth ministers, deacons, pastors, adult faith formation coordinators, faith formation coordinators, home school educators, VBS volunteers, parents, etc.
If you are interested in subscribing to this great 1-page bulletin, contact Kateri at: kmmission at cloudnet dot com.
For copies of older, archived Educators Bulletins or for printed hard copies, contact Kateri.


text:
Q: How to cycle a variable in a given range in python is there an easy way in python to cycle a variable in a given range?
For example:
Given a range(), I want a variable goes like this:
0 1 2 3 2 1 0 1 2 3... till some conditions are satisfied.

A: You want to cycle the sequence 0, 1, ..., n, n-1, ..., 1.
You can easily build this sequence using chain
from itertools import chain, cycle

def make_base_sequence(n):
    base = range(n+1)                   # 0, ..., n
    rev_base = reversed(range(1, n))    # n-1, ..., 1
    return chain(base, rev_base)        # 0, ..., n, n-1, ..., 1

for x in cycle(make_base_sequence(5)):
    print(x)

Sample run:
In [2]: from itertools import chain, cycle
   ...:
   ...: def make_base_sequence(n):
   ...:     base = range(n+1)
   ...:     rev_base = reversed(range(1, n))
   ...:     return chain(base, rev_base)
   ...:
   ...: for i, x in enumerate(cycle(make_base_sequence(5))):
   ...:     print(x, end=' ')
   ...:     if i > 20:
   ...:         break
   ...:
0 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 0 1

A: You want itertools.cycle(), see here:
https://docs.python.org/2/library/itertools.html#itertools.cycle

A: you need itertools.cycle:
demo:
>>> import itertools
>>> count = 0
>>> for x in itertools.cycle(range(3)):
...     if count == 10:
...         break
...     print x,
...     count += 1
...
0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0

A: itertools.cycle is a good start. Else you can program it yourself:
cycle = [0,1,2,3,2,1]
i = 0
while some_condition:
    value = cycle[i]
    i = (i+1) % len(cycle)
    #do stuff

A: import itertools

def f(cycle_range, condition_func):
    sequence = range(cycle_range) + range(cycle_range)[-2:0:-1]
    cycle_generator = itertools.cycle(sequence)
    while not condition_func():
        yield next(cycle_generator)

def condition_func():
    """Checks some condition"""

Essentially, you just want to loop and constantly check the condition. And each time yeild the next item from the cycle. Now, admittedly there are better ways to check a condition than a function call, but this is just an example.

A: import time

def cycle(range_):
    num = -1
    current = 0
    a=time.time()
    while 1:
        print current
        if current in (0, range_):
            num*=-1
        current += num
        if time.time() - a > 0.002:
            break

cycle(3)

output:
0 1 2 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Do you devote a lot of time considering your teeth? You need to, since folks observe your teeth over you may think. In case your dental treatments activity needs recommendations, this information will assist you to. We've put together a summary of dental treatments suggestions to provide you with the smartest grin possibly.
Just use mouthwash free from liquor. Alcohol as an element can dry out the cells with your oral cavity. This generates a breeding floor to the extremely harmful bacteria you are hoping to protect yourself from. Alcoholic drinks-totally free mouth wash can also be a lesser attraction for kids and teenagers planning to experiment with when bored.
Floss, floss, floss! Positive every person brushes their pearly whites like they're supposed to, but what number of them really floss. Flossing clears the region involving the tooth where meals can get caught up and harmful bacteria can distributed. This will also prevent the onset of feasible microbe infections that can take place should you don't floss.
If you consider your tooth need to be whitened, you must schedule a consultation with the dental office. Your dental office will give you advice regarding how to clean and floss your teeth efficiently and recommend some items you may use. In some instances, having your teeth cleansed by your dental office will probably be sufficient to make them seem brighter.
When you purchase toothpaste, you require one particular with fluoride whether it is organic or perhaps not. This can create tooth energy. Robust tooth eventually are healthy versions.
Be sure to replace your teeth remember to brush frequently. Swap no less than each and every three to four a few months. Even if the toothbrush continue to seems like new, the bristles are likely frazzled. A well used toothbrush is just not as good as newer toothbrushes. Swapping your toothbrush regularly is an essential part of your oral health.
You shouldn't just brush the areas of your pearly whites. It's vital that you brush the gums also, receiving beneath those to clear out something which is situated there. Teeth cavities which can be under the gum area are the worst therefore, you have to do all you can to clean this area.
Did you know that the series that you take in your food products in can are involved in whether or not you build tooth decay? Eating sweet foods like birthday cake by yourself is significantly even worse for the teeth, than by eating this cake after having a dinner. Don't consume sweet meals by yourself, always eat these with other food items.
To protect yourself from significant and probable long lasting damage to your teeth, never use them for any exercise apart from nibbling the food that you eat. You operate the chance of cracking or cracking your pearly whites if you make use of the teeth to start a package deal, move something which is stuck or crack available nutshells.
There are numerous ways to better your teeth's well being, but one is essential. That is maintaining semi-twelve-monthly meetings together with your dental office. These trips are used to clean your the teeth and perform examinations. If poor locations are normally found in your pearly whites, your dental professional may possibly fill these regions to offer your tooth much more safety.
Right after being familiar with tips on how to take care of your the teeth, you should certainly implement a variety of changes. Enable the suggestions become the perfect guide, and offer oneself the grin you generally desired. Maintain understanding whatever you can, as well as your pearly whites will look better after some time.


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There's no denying the benefits of a college education: the ability to compete in today's competitive job market, increased earning power and expanded horizons. It's important to start a college fund as soon as possible, because next to buying a home, a college education might be the biggest purchase you ever make.
The more you save now, the better off you'll likely be later. If you invest regularly over time, you may be surprised at how much you can accumulate in your child's college fund.
You may have a very idealistic vision of retirement-doing all of the things that you never seem to have time to do now. But how do you pursue that vision? Social Security may be around when you retire, but the benefit that you get from Uncle Sam may not provide enough income for your retirement years.
To make matters worse, few employers today offer a traditional company pension plan that guarantees you a specific income at retirement. On top of that, people are living longer and must find ways to fund those additional years of retirement. Such eye-opening facts mean that today, sound retirement planning is critical.
Why do so many people never obtain the financial independence that they desire? Often it's because they just don't take that first step—getting started. Besides procrastination, other excuses people make are that investing is too risky, too complicated, too time consuming and only for the rich.
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The contract, a set of promises agreed to in a "meeting of the minds", is the traditional way to formalize a relationship. While contracts are primarily used in business relationships (the focus of this article), they can also involve personal relationships such as marriages. Contracts are also important in politics, not only because of "social contract" theories but also because contract enforcement has traditionally been considered a basic function of capitalist governments.
Whether enforced by a government, or otherwise, the contract is the basic building block of a free market economy. Over many centuries of cultural evolution has emerged both the concept of contract and principles related to it, encoded into common law. Algorithmic information theory suggests that such evolved structures are often prohibitively costly to recompute. If we started from scratch, using reason and experience, it could take many centuries to redevelop sophisticated ideas like property rights that make the modern free market work [Hayek].
The success of the common law of contracts, combined with the high cost of replacing it, makes it worthwhile to both preserve and to make use of these principles where appropriate. Yet, the digital revolution is radically changing the kinds of relationships we can have. What parts of our hard-won legal tradition will still be valuable in the cyberspace era? What is the best way to apply these common law principles to the design of our on-line relationships?
Computers make possible the running of algorithms heretofore prohibitively costly, and networks the quicker transmission of larger and more sophsiticated messages. Furthermore, computer scientists and cryptographers have recently discovered many new and quite interesting algorithms. Combining these messages and algorithms makes possible a wide variety of new protocols.
New institutions, and new ways to formalize the relationships that make up these institutions, are now made possible by the digital revolution. I call these new contracts "smart", because they are far more functional than their inanimate paper-based ancestors. No use of artificial intelligence is implied. A smart contract is a set of promises, specified in digital form, including protocols within which the parties perform on these promises.
The basic idea of smart contracts is that many kinds of contractual clauses (such as liens, bonding, delineation of property rights, etc.) can be embedded in the hardware and software we deal with, in such a way as to make breach of contract expensive (if desired, sometimes prohibitively so) for the breacher. A canonical real-life example, which we might consider to be the primitive ancestor of smart contracts, is the humble vending machine. Within a limited amount of potential loss (the amount in the till should be less than the cost of breaching the mechanism), the machine takes in coins, and via a simple mechanism, which makes a beginner's level problem in design with finite automata, dispense change and product fairly. Smart contracts go beyond the vending machine in proposing to embed contracts in all sorts of property that is valuable and controlled by digital means. Smart contracts reference that property in a dynamic, proactively enforced form, and provide much better observation and verification where proactive measures must fall short. And where the vending machine, like electronic mail, implements an asynchronous protocol between the vending company and the customer, some smart contracts entail multiple synchronous steps between two or more parties.
Other forerunners of smart contracts include POS (Point of Sale) terminals and cards, EDI (Electronic Data Interchange, used for ordering and other transactionsbetween large corporations), and the SWIFT, ACH, and FedWire networks for transferring and clearing payments between banks. These implement commercial security models, but too often with little heed paid to the contractual needs and obligations of the parties.
The threat of physical force is an obvious way to embed a contract in the world — have a judicial system decide what physical steps are to be taken out by an enforcement agency (including arrest, confiscation of property, etc.) in response to a breach of contract. It is what I call a reactive form of security. The need to invoke reactive security can be minimized, but not eliminated, by making contractual arrangements verifiable, for example by recording a breach on a video camera, or putting a signature on a contract, in order to prove breach claims in court. Observation of a contract in progress, in order to detect the first sign of breach and minimize losses, also is a reactive form of security. A proactive form of security is a physical mechanism that makes breach expensive, such as a combination lock that makes access to a room containing trade secrets expensive without explicit authorization.
From common law, economic theory, and contractual conditions often found in practice, we can distill four basic objectives of contract design. The first of these is observability, the ability of the principals to observe each others' performance of the contract, or to prove their performance to other principals. The field of accounting is, roughly speaking, primarily concerned with making contracts an organization is involved in more observable.
A second objective verifiability, the ability of a principal to prove to an arbitrator that a contract has been performed or breached, or the ability of the arbitrator to find this out by other means. The disciplines of auditing and investigation roughly correspond with verification of contract performance. Observability and verifiability can also include the ability to differentiate between intentional violations of the contract and good faith errors.
A third objective of contract design is privity, the principle that knowledge and control over the contents and performance of a contract should be distributed among parties only as much as is necessary for the performance of that contract. This is a generalization of the common law principle of contract privity, which states that third parties, other than the designated arbitrators and intermediaries, should have no say in the enforcement of a contract. Generalized privity goes beyond this to formalize the common claim, "it's none of your business". Attacks against privity are epitomized by third parties Eve the eavesdropper, a passive observer of contents or performance, and malicious Mallet, who actively interferes with performance or steals service. Under this model privacy and confidentiality, or protecting the value of information about a contract, its parties, and its performance from Eve, is subsumed under privity, as are property rights. The field of security (especially, for smart contracts, computer and network security), roughly corresponds to the goal of privity.
A fourth objective is enforceability, and at the same time minimizing the need for enforcement. Improved verifiability often also helps meet this fourth objective. Reputation, built-in incentives, "self-enforcing" protocols, and verifiability can all play a strong part in meeting the fourth objective. Computer and network security also can contribute greatly to making smart contracts self-enforcing.
Smart contracts often involve trusted third parties, exemplified by an intermediary, who is involved in the performance, and an arbitrator, who is invoked to resolve disputes arising out of performance (or lack thereof). Privity implies that we want to minimize vulnerability to third parties. Verifiability and observabiliy often require that we invoke them. A mediator must be trusted with some of the contents and/or performance of the contract. An arbitrator must be trusted with some of the contents, and some of the history of performance, and to resolve disputes and invoke penalties fairly. In smart contract design we want to get the most out of intermediaries and arbitrators, while minimizing exposure to them. One common outcome is that confidentiality is violated only in case of dispute.
In the future the size distribution of multinational companies will approach that of local business, giving rise to multinational small business . Legal barriers are the most severe cost of doing business across many jurisdictions. Smart contracts can cut through this Gordian knot of jurisdictions. Where smart contracts can increase privity, they can decrease vulnerability to capricious jurisdictions. Where smart contracts can increase observability or verifiability, they can decrease dependence on these obscure local legal codes and enforcement traditions.
The consequences of smart contract design on contract law and economics, and on strategic contract drafting, (and vice versa), have been little explored. As well, I suspect the possibilities for greatly reducing the transaction costs of executing some kinds of contracts, and the opportunities for creating new kinds of businesses and social institutions based on smart contracts, are vast but little explored. The "cypherpunks" have explored the political impact of some of the new protocol building blocks. The field of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), in which elements of traditional business transactions (invoices, receipts, etc.) are exchanged electronically, sometimes including encryption and digital signature capabilities, can be viewed as a primitive forerunner to smart contracts. Indeed those business forms can provide good starting points and channel markers for smart contract designers.
One important task of smart contracts, that has been largely overlooked by traditional EDI, is critical to "the meeting of the minds" that is at the heart of a contract: communicating the semantics of the protocols to the parties involved. There is ample opportunity in smart contracts for "smart fine print": actions taken by the software hidden from a party to the transaction. For example, grocery store POS machines don't tell customers whether or not their names are being linked to their purchases in a database. The clerks don't even know, and they've processed thousands of such transactions under their noses. Thus, via hidden action of the software, the customer is giving away information they might consider valuable or confidential, but the contract has been drafted, and transaction has been designed, in such a way as to hide those important parts of that transaction from the customer.
To properly communicate transaction semantics, we need good visual metaphors for the elements of the contract. These would hide the details of the protocol without surrendering control over the knowledge and execution of contract terms. A primitive but good example is provided by the SecureMosiac software from CommerceNet. Encryption is shown by putting the document in an envelope, and a digital signature by affixing a seal onto the document or envelope. On the other hand, Mosaic servers log connections, and sometimes even transactions, without warning users — classic hidden actions.
Protocols based on mathematics, called cryptographic protocols, tre the basic building blocks that implement the improved tradeoffs between observability, verifiability, privity, and enforceability in smart contracts. Contrary to the common wisdom, obscurity is often critical to security. Cryptographic protocols are built around foci of obscurity called keys. A key's immense unknown randomness allows the rest of the system to be simple and public. The obscurity of a large random number, so vast that a lucky guess is unlikely in in, if desired, the lifetime of the universe, is the foundation upon which cryptographic protocols, and in turn smart contracts, are built.
A wide variety of new cryptographic protocols have emerged in recent years. The most tradtional kind of cryptography is secret key cryptography, in which Alice and Bob (our exemplar parties to a smart contract) use a single shared, prearranged key to encrypt messages between them. A fundamental problem we will see throughout these protocols is the need to keep keys secret, and pubilic key cryptography helps solve this. In this technique, Alice generates two keys, called the private and public keys. She keeps the private key secret and well protected, and publishes the public key. When Bob wishes to send a message to Alice, he encrypts a message with her public key, sends the encrypted message, and she decrypts the message with her private key. The private key provides a "trapdoor" that allows Alice to compute an easy inverse of the encryption function that used the public key. The public key provides no clue as to what the private key is, even though they are mathematically related. The RSA algorithm is the most widely used method of public key cryptography.
Public key cryptography also makes possible a wide variety of digital signatures. These proves that a piece of data (hereafter referred to as just an "object") was in active contact with the private key corresponding to the signature: the object was actively "signed" with that key. The digital signature probably should have been called a "digital stamp" or "digital seal" since its function resembles more those methods than an autograph. In particular, it is not biometric like an autograph, although incorporation of a typed-in password as part of the private key used to sign can sometimes subsitute for an autograph. In many Asian countries, a hand-carved wooden block, called a "chop", is often used instead of autographs. Every chop is unique, and because of the unique carving and wood grain cannot be copied. A digital signature is similar to the chop, since every newly generated key is unique, but it is trivial to copy the key if obtained from the holder. A digital signature relies on the assumption that the holder will keep the private key secret.
A blind signature is a digital signature and secret-key encryption protocol that together have the mathematical property of commutativity, so that they can be stripped in reverse of the order they were applied. The effect is that Bob "signs" an object, for which he can verify its general form, but cannot see its specific content. Typically the key of the signature defines the meaning of the signed object, rather than the contents of the object signed, so that Bob doesn't sign a blank check. Blind signatures used in digital bearer instruments, where Bob is the clearing agent, and in Chaumian credentials , where Bob is the credential issuer.
Secret sharing is a method of splitting a key (and thus control over any object encrypted with that key) into N parts, of which only M are needed to recreate the key, but less than M of the parts provide no information about the key. Secret sharing is a potent tool for distributing control over objects between principals.
The zero-knowledge interactive proof is an alternative to public key methods for challenge-response identification. Otherwise normally functioning parties who have an incentive to respond properly to the challenge, but fail to do so, do not possess the key), without revealing any information about that privatge key to the challenger or any eavesdroppers. ZKIPs are currently used for authentication, and in smart weapons for Identification Friend or Foe (IFF).
Information about who is talking to whom, such as can be found on telephone bills, can be quite valuable even without records of the actual content. Confidential messsaging is necessary for the some of the privity features of Chaumian credentials and bearer securities to be strongly implemented on an actual network. To provide this traffic confidentiality, a digital mix can allow parties to communicate across a network without revealing their partners to network providers or the outside world. In a mix, traffic analysis by Eve is prevented by the Russian-doll encryption of the message by the sender with the public keys of each mix operator in the chain, and the mixing of messages by each operator, so that panoptic wiretapper Eve loses track of the messages. For the sender/recipient pair to remain confidential, only 1 out of N of the operators needs to be trusted with their local traffic information, although Eve can sometimes gather statistics over large numbers of messages between the same partners to eventually guess who is talking to whom. The communicating parties can also be mutually anonymous, and with normal encryption need trust no other parties with the content of messages. The "Mixmaster" software on the Internet implements most of the features of a digital mix[Mixmaster].
So far, we've assumed parties like Alice and Bob are monolithic. But in the world of smart contracts, they will use computer-based software agents and smart cards to do their electronic bidding. Keys are not necessarily tied to identities, and the task of doing such binding turns out to be more difficult than at first glance. Once keys are bound, they need to be well protected, but wide area network connections are notoriously to hacking.
If we assume that the attacker has the ability to intercept and redirect any messages in the network protocol, as is the case on wide area netowrks such as the Internet. then we must also assume, for practical all commercial operating systems, that they would also be able to invade client if not merchant computers and find any keys lying on the disk.
All public key operation are are done inside an unreadable hardware board on a machine with a very narrow serial-line connection (ie, it carries only a simple single-use protocol with well-verified security) to a dedicated firewall. Such a board is available, for example, from Kryptor, and I believe Viacrypt may also have a PGP-compatable board. This is economical for central sites, but may be less practical for normal users. Besides better security, it has the added advantage that hardware speeds up the public key computations.
If Mallet's capability is to physically sieze the machine, a weaker form of key protection will suffice. The trick is to hold the keys in volatile memory. This makes the PC proof from physical attacks — all that needed to destroy the keys is to turn off the PC. If the key backups can be hidden in a different, secure physical location, this allows the user of this PC to encrypt large amounts of data both on the PC itself and on public computer networks, without fear that physical attack against the PC will compromise that data. The data is still vulnerable to a "rubber hose attack" where the owner is coerced into revealing the hidden keys. Protection against rubber hose attacks might require some form of Shamir secret sharing which splits the keys between diverse phgsical sites.
How does Alice know she has Bob's key? Who, indeed, can be the parties to a smart contract? Can they be defined just by their keys? Do we need biometrics (such as autographs, typed-in passwords, retina scans, etc.)?
The public key cryptography software package "Pretty Good Privacy" (PGP) uses a model called "the web of trust". Alice chooses introducers whom she trusts to properly identify the map between other people and their public keys. PGP takes it from there, automatically validating any other keys that have been signed by Alice's designated introducers.
1) Does the key actually belong to whom it appears to belong? In other words, has it been certified with a trusted signature?
2) Does it belong to an introducers, someone you can trust to certify other keys?
Having been told by Alice the answer to the second question, PGP can calculates the answer to the first question for the public keys Alice has collected.
3) Does the key belong to someone you can trust to introduce other introducers?
PGP confuses this with criterion (2). It is not clear that any single person has enough judgement to properly undertake task (3), nor has a reasonable institution been proposed that will do so. This is one of the unsolved problems in smart contracts.
PGP also can be given trust ratings and programmed to compute a weighted score of validity– for example, two marginally trusted signatures might be considered as credible as one fully trusted signature.
Any keys in Alice's secret key ring are "axiomatically" valid to Alice's PGP program, needing no introducer's signature. PGP also assumes that Alice ultimately trusts herself to certify other keys.
It is believed that PGP causes the emergence of a decentralized fault-tolerant web of confidence for all public keys, but a chain of introduced introducers grows weak very quickly, due to lack of transitivity.
PGP's grass-roots approach contrasts sharply with tradtional public key management schemes, such as X.509 and the related Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM). These standard schemes subsistute a heirarchical system of introducers called certification authorities (CAs).
On this ____ day of ___, 19__, personally appeared before me ____, known to me and known to me to be the person who signed the foregoing instrument, and acknowledged that he executed the same as his own act and deed.
In the first type of act of notarization, the notary merely certifies that the affiant swore the statement was true. In the second type the notary actually vouches that the person making the acknowledgment was who he claims to be.
These roles of a notary public are substantially different from the alleged role of heirarchies of "certification authorities" (CAs) in PEM/X.509, and the "web of trust" in PGP, to "prove identity". In fact the certificates generated by these systems do no such thing. Rather a certficate proves that a claim was made by a CA at some time in the past. The (implicit) claim is that a particular key belonged to a particular person at that time. That key is not biometric like an autograph, and can thus be transferred at any time. Furthermore, false claims can be made by a CA about what keys an end-user has held, and the end-user can be stuck with no evidence of CA fraud; nor does the CA have any way of proving that their claim is correct if an end-user challenges it. It is extremely difficult, on the other hand, for notary publics to forge autographs and expect to get away with it often enough to maintain their professional reputations.
Both the PGP web of trust and X.509 models suffer from more flaws. A single rooted heirarchy assumes a mythological beast called a universally trusted entity. Heirarchies in general create rigid structures that don't fit the way knowledge about keys and keyholders, and incentives to accurately reflect that knowledge, are distributed among people in the real world. In turn, hile PGP distinguishes between "Alice holds a key" and "Alice can be trusted to certify a key", it does not follow that the second claim that Alice can be trusted to validate another issuer. There is little transitivity: seeing Alice's key certified by Bob, whom I know and trust, tells me little about whether Alice's certification of Charlie's key is correct. Seeing Alice certified by Bob as an introducer tells me little about wether Alice can be trusted to certify other introducers. It does tell me that I know to blame Alice if her claim turns out to be wrong; although it's far from clear that Alice has any legal liability.
There is an even more severe flaw when public key is used for digital signatures. Because the claim was only made in the past, both PGP and X.509 allow the end user to plausible deny that they "signed" a document; and conversely if one's key is surreptitiously stolen, or for other reasons no revocation action is taken, there is no way to prove that one did not "sign" the documenent digitally "signed" with the stolen key. Finally, there is no widely accepted legal agreement on what is specifically being claimed when one "certifies" a key, nor is there any built-in or widely used mechanism for describing the actual claim one is making. Real world CAs have a nasty habit of disclaiming liability for their mistakes, or for the misunderstandings that will arise out of the often vague and sloppy, sometimes implicit claims they make. Finally, there are a wide variety of other claims one might make about a key, such as "this key belongs to an office", "this key belongs to a server", "this keyholder has a good credit rating", "use this key to decrypt your new copy of Microsquish Expel", "this key is good for 100 MB of downloads from our web server", etc. which are facilitated by neither X.509 nor the PGP web of trust.
In other words, all claims about keys should be explicit, readily known from reading the certificate itself, and no kind of claim should be arbitrarily excluded by the mechanism. The legal force of the claim can be based on the text itself, rather than overstated, obscure, and often implicit interpretations about what "certifying" is supposed to mean. Standard kinds of claims will emerge, including perhaps more transitive "good judge of judgement" certificates for which chain-following software can be written, and non-transitive "is-a-person" credentials directly "bound" to traditional notarized identification by a physical notarization protocol that includes both autographs and digital "signatures". More likely, new and more useful kinds of certificates will evolve. These standards should be allowed to emerge out of the wide varieties of possible end uses, much like case law has matured over time, rather than being dictated by our current very inexperienced understanding.
Meanwhile, there is a more practical defense aggainst the man in the middle attack: advertise, early and often. Users of an insecure network can communicate the integrity of a key reasonably well by tying it to a persistent pattern of behavior: for example posts in a persistent style from a persistent e-mail address, persistence of a key unchallenged on a key server, etc. This is the most practical and widely used way by which PGP users gain confidence in public keys, and it does not require certification authorities or introducers. Those who advertise their keys widely, and those who are well known, are more likely to have keys bound to their person.
A nym is an identifier that links only a small amount of related information about a person, usually that information deemed by the nym holder to be relevant to a particular organization or community. Examples of nyms include electronic bulletin board nicknames, pen names, aliases, and brand names. A nym may gain reputation within its community. For example, a conglomerate may sell a wide variety of brand names, each reputable in its own market niche. With Chaumian credentials , a nym can take advantage of the positive credentials of the holder's other nyms, as provably linked by the is-a-person credential.
A true name is an identifier that links many different kinds of information about an person, such as a full birth name or social security number. As in magick, knowing a true name can confer tremendous power to one's enemies. It also can have major economic value among those who cooperate peacefully, as in the use of direct marketing to target product information to those persons most likely to be interested in those particular products.
A persona is any perstient pattern of behavior, along with consistently grouped information such as key(s), name(s), network address(es), writing style, and services provided.
A reputable name is a nym or true name that has a good reputation, usually because it carries many positive credentials, has a good credit rating, or is otherwise highly regarded. Companies strive to carry reputable brand names, while professionals such as doctors and lawyers strive to have many good personal recommendations of their name. Reputable names can be difficult to transfer between parties, because reputation assumes persistence of behavior, but such transfer can sometimes occur (for example, the sale of brand names between companies).
Blind signatures can be used to construct digital bearer instruments, objects identified by a unique key, and issued, cleared, and redeemed by a clearing agent. When an object is transferred, the trasferee can request the clearing agent to verify that the key has never before been cleared, and issue a new key. The clearing agent prevents multiple clearing of particular objects, but can be prevented from linking particular objects one or both of the clearing nyms who transferred that object. These instruments come in an "online" variety, cleared during every transfer, and thus both verifiable and observable, and an "offline" variety, which can be transfered without being cleared, but is only verifiable when finally cleared, by revealing any the clearing nym of any intermediate holder who transfered the object multiple times (a breach of contract). Privacy from the clearing agent can take the form of transferee-unlinkability, transferer-unlinkability, or "double blinded" where both transferer and transferee are unlinkable by the clearing agent.
Digital cash is the premier example of a digital bearer instrument, in which the clearing agent is a bank. Bearer instrument protocols enable online payment while honoring the characteristics desired of bearer notes, especially unforgeability (via the clearing mechanism) and transfer confidentiality (via blinding).
To implement a full transaction of payment for services, we need more than just the digital cash protocol; we need a protocol that guarantees that service will be rendered if payment is made, and vice versa. Current commercial systems use a wide variety of techniques to accomplish this, such as certified mail, face to face exchange, reliance on credit history and collection agencies to extend credit, etc. Smart contracts have the potential to greatly reduce the fraud and enforcement costs of many commercial transactions.
A credential is a claim made by one party about another. A positive credential is one the second party would prefer to reveal, such as a degree from a prestigious school, while that party would prefer not to reveal a negative credential such as a bad credit rating.
A Chaumian credential is a cryptographic protocol for proving one possesses claims made about onself by other nyms, without revealing linkages between those nyms. It's based around the is-a-person credential the true name credential, used to prove the linkage of otherwise unlinkable nyms, and to prevent the transfer of nyms between parties.
Another form of credential is bearer credential, a digital bearer instrument where the object is a credential. Here the second party in the claim refers to any bearer — the claim is tied only to the reputable name of issuing organization, not to the nym or true name of the party holding the credential.
We can extend the concept of smart contracts to property. Smart property might be created by embedding smart contracts in physical objects. These embedded protocols would automatically give control of the keys for operating the property to the party who rightfully owns that property, based on the terms of the contract. For example, a car might be rendered inoperable unless the proper challenge-response protocol is completed with its rightful owner, preventing theft. If a loan was taken out to buy that car, and the owner failed to make payments, the smart contract could automatically invoke a lien, which returns control of the car keys to the bank. This "smart lien" might be much cheaper and more effective than a repo man. Also needed is a protocol to provably remove the lien when the loan has been paid off, as well as hardship and operational exceptions. For example, it would be rude to revoke operation of the car while it's doing 75 down the freeway.
Smart property is software or physical devices with the desired characteristics of ownership embedded into them; for example devices that can be rendered of far less value to parties who lack possesion of a key, as demonstrated via a zero knowledge interactive proof.
One method of implementing smart property is thru operation necessary data (OND): data necessary to the operation of smart property. For example, a complex, OND can be proprietary firing sequence needed to operate a computerized engine, a CAM file needed to manufacture a specialized part, etc. To avoid theft of service, ZKIP is required to open an encrypted channel to the device. To avoid leaking the OND to Eve, tamper detection combined with a dead-man switch can be used on the device end of the channel.
We might also usedand engrained immobilizing or destructive devices to foil attempts to hot-wire smart property.
A smart lien is the sharing of a smart property between parties, usually two parties called the owner and the lienholder. This property may be in the proximate possesion of the owner or the lienholder, corresponding to the common-law notions of "artisan's lien" and "innkeeper's lien" respectively. Smart liens might be used to secure lines of credit, insurance policies,and many other kinds of contracts that involve smart property.
How can debts be collected? No wise bank will lend unless the lendee can either be coerced into repaying the debt, or the loan is more than covered by securely liened collateral plus some conservative function of its reputation for payment in full and on time. For all parties, both credit and liability are closely related, and limited.
The liability of a party is limited by that party's liens and by the ability to deter that party by threatening punishment for violating contracts (ie, committing crimes as defined by the contract with the jurisdiction). The potential for other actions an party might take that cause liability, such as damage to others' persons or property, also need to be limited. More on that later.
Many parties, especially new entrants, may lack this reputation capital, and will thus need to be able to share their property with the bank via secure liens. A lien is, in a practical sense, a method of sharing a piece of property between the "owner of record" and a "lienholder", instead of the property having strictly one owner. Liens are used in many large credit transactions, such as auto loans, mortgages, farm loans, etc. They are enforced by the jurisdiction specified in the contract; usually this enforcement is done by the government and subsidized by the taxpayers rather than paid for by the contracting parties. (In fact this usually is the case with contracts and property rights in general, the enforcement clause is an implicit government subsidy). One way to implement a lien without governments is via co-signing with your privately chosen arbitrator (as long as the arbitratror has a good reputation and the contractual right to take appropriate action against you). Smart liens might greatly expand the privity and security of such arrangements.
As is the case today, credit problems will usually be solved by artfully written, menacing dunning letters and dings to one's credit rating long before the lien needs to be invoked. However, the lien needs to be enforceable to make these dunning letters credible over the long run.
What about extending the concept of contract to cover agreement to a prearranged set of tort laws? These tort laws would be defined by contracts between private arbitration and enforcement agencies, while customers would have a choice of jurisdictions in this system of free-market "governments". If these privately practiced law organizations (PPLs for short) bear ultimate responsibility for the criminal activities of their customers, or need to insure lack of defection or future payments on the part of customers, they may in turn ask for liens against their customers, either in with contractual terms allowing arrest of customers under certain conditions (eg if they commit acts specified as criminal by the PPL contract) or (more likely for mobile world-traveling and virtual pseudonymous customers) smart liens against liquid assets such as bank accounts and investment portfolios. Smart liens over information, such as digital bearer securities, can be implemented via secret sharing (two or more keys required to unlock the encryption).
Other important areas of liability include consumer liability and property damage (including pollution). There need to mechanisms so that, for example, pollution damage to others' persons or property can be assessed, and liens should exist so that the polluter can be properly charged and the victims paid. Where pollution is quantifiable, as with SO2 emissions, markets can be set up to trade emission rights. The PPLs would have liens in place to monitor their customer's emissions and assess fees where emission rights have been exceeded.
Alas, there are some dangers where maximum damage could far surpass any liens. A good rule of thumb here is that if the risk is against a third party, and it cannot be liened or insured against, then PPLs should not allow it to be taken. PPLs that allow their customers to take such risks against non-PPL parties would ruin their credit rating. One example of such a risk is building a nuclear plant for which no insurance company is willing to submit liability coverage. If a plant is safe, presumably one should be able to convince a good insurance company to cover its potential to damage others' property.
Digital cash is here today, and many more smart contract mechanisms are being designed. So far the design criteria important for automating contract execution have come from disparate fields like economics and cryptography, with little cross-communication: little awareness of the technology on the one hand, and little awareness of its best business uses other. The idea of smart contracts is to recognize that these efforts are striving after common objectives, which converge on the concept of smart contracts.
Crypto and Eurocrypt conference proceedings, 1982-1994.


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VARIOUS TYPES OF BANKRUPTCY CHAPTER 7 & CHAPTER 13.
You do not need to repay any financial obligation if you get approved for chapter 7. Although nonexempt possessions can still be liquidated But actually, this doesn't often apply. Your lawyers will give you more information on chapter 7 at your initial consultation.
Chapter 13 insolvency is the one that you will be qualified for if you have regular income. You'll have to meet with your legal representative to construct an acceptable payment strategy to submit to the Pennsylvania court. More information will be supplied by your legal representative during your discovery meeting.
Different personal bankruptcy chapters will have different fee structures, and different bankruptcy firms will charge different quantities depending on your case. This is perhaps one of the most fundamental parts of the procedure so get great deals of quotes from various companies. Likewise note that the local courts will charge different amounts.
Chapter 13 alone will cost a few thousand, and then there's debt counseling and court costs that must be paid for. Lawyer's expenses will differ depending on your geographical location and the intricacy of your case. The courts won't ask you to pay more than it thinks you can pay for though.
In addition to finding out exactly what the attorney charges are, you are going to need to know how when the attorney will need you to pay. Your lawyer may not need that you pay anything today or may need that you only pay a portion of the charge up front after your initial assessment. The Pennsylvania court might decide that even paying the legal charges would develop further difficulty for you and let you pay the entire thing in reasonable regular monthly instalments.
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This is time for the contact to be prepared by your legal representative.
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Suzanne Flon, a renowned stage and screen actress who was featured in more than 50 movies, died on June 15 in Paris, following complications from a stomach illness. Flon (born in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Val-de-Marne, France, on Jan. 28, 1918) was 87.
Among Suzanne Flon's most notable movies were John Huston's Moulin Rouge (1952), opposite Jose Ferrer; Orson Welles' Mr. Arkadin (1955) and The Trial (1962); Roger Vadim's Nutty, Naughty Chateau / Château en Suède (1963); John Frankenheimer's The Train (1964); and Jean-Louis Bertuccelli's Docteur Françoise Gailland, starring Annie Girardot in the title role.
During the course of her career, Flon won two Best Supporting Actress Césars, for Jean Becker's One Deadly Summer / L'Été meurtrier (1983), a psychological mystery drama starring Isabelle Adjani, and Georges Wilson's drama with supernatural touches The Dragon / La Vouivre (1990). Additionally, she took home the 1961 Venice Film Festival's Volpi Cup for Best Actress for Claude Autant-Lara's anti-war Thou Shall Not Kill / Tu ne tueras point.
Suzanne Flon's last movies were the World War I-set Joyeux Noël / Merry Christmas (2005), and Avenue Montaigne / Fauteuils d'orchestre, an ensemble piece to come out next year in France.
Suzanne Flon photo via unifrance.org.


What does this mean for Twenty88?
Today (Mar. 26), Jhene Aiko set the record straight regarding her and her ex-Big Sean.
Today (Mar. 4), R&B singer Jhene Aiko shared a series of cryptic posts on Instagram, which prompted her fans to send her a myriad of well wishes.
Exes Ariana Grande and Big Sean were recently spotted together.


How long has it been since you had some time off and served a cup of tea with a friend? "Tea for Two" is a beautiful wooden tea set, perfect for those times when you feel like spoiling yourself. With a refined and functional design created by Mark Huang, the set features a teapot, two cups and a special place for a candle. Romantic and relaxing, this idea could help make a hard day have the perfect ending. When not in use, the set could serve as an inviting decorating item, but we are certain that once this design rests on your table, it will be hard to abstain from keeping the teapot full all the time.


We will first choose an appropriate formulation of the tumbling bacterium. In a stochastic equation tumbles are initiated by shot noise with Poissonian distributed tumble times which gives additional rate terms in a Smoluchowski equation. The mean tumble rate appears here as parameter. It depends on the chemical field at earlier times and thus on the bacterial trajectory. We will investigate if this non-Markovian stochastic process can be mapped on coupled Markov processes.
We will then simulate the bacterial trajectories in a constant chemical gradient using some ansatz for the chemotactic response function R. With these data we will explore how one can extract the response function from experimental trajectories. For example, on can think of an adaptive method that refines the estimate for R during the analysis of the trajectories. We will also explore other protocols for the applied chemical field. For example, an oscillating uniform field gives a local response in frequency space. Ultimately, we will apply our findings to the experiments of project C.1.
At a later stage of the project, we will also investigate collective phenomena in bacterial populations, such as the traveling concentration wave which occurs in a chemical field dynamically generated by the migrating population itself.


How are you, do you fancy some 'coca de vidre'?
Wouldn't you like a few artichoke chips?
Just look, if we ask for the 'Tapa Solidària' they will give half a euro to the children's home.
And look what there is here, oysters, oysters, oysters! Oysters from the Delta, of course.
Can Ros deceives... in size, it is larger than it looks. The reason is that over the years the owners have bought the adjacent premises, which were previously leased out, but today are complementary dining rooms that can perfectly adapt to groups of up to 30 people.


Mr Fothergill declared a Significant Interest in matters associated with the Village Hall as he is Chairman of the Village Hall Committee and Mrs Parker and Mr Howard declared an interest in the Village Hall Committee as they are members of the Committee.
Mrs Parker declared an interest in items associated with Squad 26.
Mr Krause was omitted from the minutes in his capacity as Borough Councillor in error.
Minutes 176 of the meeting held on 2 May 2018 were accepted and it was unanimously agreed that Mr Lloyd should sign them.
The MUGA lights will be repaired next week.
We have not had a reply from ABC regarding the Gypsy and Traveller site consultation as yet.
We received responses from 7 households to the initial feedback questionnaire, which was published in the March edition of the Hothfield News.
Eight residents from 5 households were opposed to producing a Neighbourhood Plan, although 2 said they would be prepared to help if the majority of residents were in favour and a plan was to be progressed.
Three residents from 2 households were in favour of developing a Neighbourhood Plan, but did not offer to help in the production, although one offered to give their views and chat on a one to one basis.
As a result, Councillors agreed not to proceed with the production of a Neighbourhood Plan and Mr Lloyd will include this decision in his forthcoming article for the Hothfield News.
The responses will be scanned and sent to the cloud.
Mr Krause reported that the A20 overnight lorry parking restrictions scheme will be discussed at the Joint Transportation Board next week. The scheme is being monitored by the rest of the country to see how successful it is.
Following Mrs Parker's advice, councillors unanimously agreed, during the month in order to ensure the premium was paid on time, to insure with Inspire and also signed up to a Long-Term Agreement until 2021.
Future payments for Squad 26 and any event organised for the children in the village will be paid from the Youth Account. The Clerk will produce an account for the next meeting.
Miss Flynn – councillors unanimously agreed to her suggestion that the council should write a letter of thanks to Mr Fletcher for all his work organising the litter pickers.
Mrs Sutcliffe reported that she had had an email from the KHS Steward asking whether Councillors would like to go around the village with him looking at highway issues. Councillors agreed that this would be a sensible idea and Mrs Sutcliffe will arrange to meet with him. Items to be brought to his attention include drainage, road markings and parking in Tufton Road.
Plans are progressing. There are 5 entries so far but residents still have until June 15 to return their application forms.
All financial records were found to be accurate and up to date and there were no unexplained entries in the bank reconciliations.
Mr Robbins informed councillors that the precept must be set at a formal meeting, in future rather than agreed during the Christmas recess as it was last year.
The duties to set a budget and precept must both be made by the full Council and cannot lawfully be discharged in any other way. The Council will need to formally adopt the precept for 2018-2019 as the existing decision appears to be invalid. This will be included on the July agenda.
The Village Hall failed the Health and Safety Inspection as there was no fire alarm in place. The Village Hall Committee has installed an alarm at a cost of £3000.00.
Mr Fothergill submitted a grant application to Borough Councillor Krause, who suggested that the Parish Council should apply for the grant as they are the leaseholders for the Village Hall.
The Clerk will investigate this further and a decision will be made at the next meeting.
Mr Fothergill reported that members of the Community Payback Scheme have been working at the hall and would like to do more in Hothfield.
Following discussion, it was agreed that Mr Cook and Mr Fothergill should liaise regarding work that the members of the scheme could undertake and report back at the next meeting.
Mr Lloyd reported that a Fun Day, rather than a Village Fete was planned for 30 June 2019. It was hoped to raise as much money as possible for the village, while ensuring a fun day for both children and adults. Volunteers are needed for the committee and to help on the day and ideas for activities were also sought. Councillors will look into the most cost- effective way of providing a bar-b-que.
Mr Lloyd will write an article each month for the Hothfield News.
A Cup Cake day is being held at Britton Farm Stud on 23 June in aid of the Alzheimer's Society from 11am – 6pm.
There being no other business the meeting closed at 8.40 pm.


Sonja passed away in Comox, BC at St. Joseph's General Hospital on September 2, 2010 after a courageous battle against cancer. She waited for all of her children to be by her side and then peacefully slipped away.
She will be deeply missed by her oldest son Dow Famulak of Hong Kong (Angelique) and their two children Hannah and Max, daughter Daun Famulak of Vancouver (Barb Tinker), son Drew Famulak of Grand Rapids, Michigan (Cheryl) and their two children Ian and Emma, son Derek Famulak of Vancouver (Phil Carey), sister Gerie McCauley of Guelph, Ontario (Mike), nephews Keegan and Rylen McCauley of Black Diamond, Alberta, life-long best friend Merle Walters of Abbotsford, aunt Oddney Perrin of Yorkton, Sask., first cousins Lynne Onufrechuk of Calgary, Ian Perrin of O'Claire, Wisconsin (Jayne), Ashley Perrin of Otthon, Sask. (Wendy), Sylvia Soke of Saskatoon (Don), sister-in-law Florence Hook of Regina (Walter) and many more close relatives and friends. Sonja is predeceased by her mother and father Reginald and Solveig Dickins of Melville, Saskatchewan.
Sonja was born in Russell, Manitoba and raised in Spy Hill and Melville, Saskatchewan. She graduated from Melville Central High School and then trained at the Grey Nuns Hospital in Regina, Saskatchewan to be a Lab Technician. In 1959 she was married to Edward Famulak. They moved to Trail, BC where Dow was born, then to Winnipeg, Manitoba where Daun was born and finally settled back in Melville where the twins Drew and Derek were born. Sonja worked as the head supervisor of the Lab at St. Peter's Hospital for many years. She then switched her supervisory role to the purchasing and housekeeping departments and attained her Commerce degree in Health Care Economics at the University of Saskatchewan in 1985. She went on to become the Executive Assistant Administrator of St. Peter's Hospital and retired in 1991.
Soon after, Sonja and Ed moved to Penticton, BC and a few years later to Courtenay, BC on Vancouver Island. Sonja and Ed separated in 2001 and Ed survives Sonja. Sonja was actively involved in the curling, golfing and bridge clubs and her favourite hobby was Norwegian Hardanger, especially making Christmas stockings for her four grandchildren. She loved living in Courtenay and was always so proud to show her family and friends around the city. Sonja was admired by many and friends described her as a remarkable and beautiful woman. She was such a loving force in all of her children's lives and they will cherish the memories forever. Sincere thanks to the BC Cancer Clinic in Vancouver and special thanks to Dr. McLaughlin and the staff at St. Joseph's General Hospital in Courtenay/Comox for taking such great care of Sonja during her illness.
A memorial service for Sonja will be held September 18, 2010 at 1:30 pm. at the Blackfin Pub Banquet Room, 132 Port Augusta St, Comox. All friends welcome to attend.
In lieu of flowers, donations can be made to St. Joseph's Hospital Foundation in Comox, BC or a donation of your choice.


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Why do some English churches have round towers?
All Saints Church, Frostenden, Suffolk
Image courtesy of Martin Pettitt on Flickr CC-BY-2.0
Did local building materials dictate building style?
Most English churches have square towers, but there are small number which have round towers. They are to be found mainly in the East Anglian counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridge, and number around 185. Many of these round towers date from the Anglo-Saxon period, in the two centuries before the Norman invasion of 1066. So why are they round?
It has been suggested that the main reason was the lack of suitable local building material. Square towers require strong stone cut and dressed into blocks at each of the corners. But there is no suitable stone to be found in East Anglia and to transport stone from another county was very expensive for a small parish.
The only locally available stone was flint. Flint is a small, knobbly stone which, although creates strong walls when set in mortar, is not suitable for tower corners. Hence the decision to build round towers which could be built to a good height above the church nave and chancel.
Flints were collected from the fields when they appeared in the soil after ploughing, or pits were dug to extract them. Churches near the sea were built from rounded flints found on the beaches. Towards the end of the round tower building period some flints were 'knapped', cut in two so their interior glass like face could be laid close together on the outside of the wall. The latter was a more expensive operation requiring more builders and labourers.
In the following centuries as a parish became more wealthy many round towers were demolished and a square tower put in its place. Or some round towers were heightened with an six or eight sided extension.
The round towers that remain are often to be found in villages well off the main roads as they could never afford to update the church building.
There's even a society which works to preserve these churches and raise money for their upkeep: Round Tower Churches Society.
So next time you're in East Anglia and you see a round tower church, do visit. It will be well worth your time.


Cerebral Oxygenation, Cardiac Output,Cognitive Function, and Exercise Training in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome, Coronary Heart Disease and Chronic Heart Failure.
The aim of study is to investigate the impact of two different training modalities (high intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate intensity continuous exercise training (MICET) on cognitive performance, cerebral oxygenation, cardiac output and physical fitness in older healthy adults, patients with metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease and heart failure. The investigators hypothesized that HIIT modality will lead to a larger improvement in physical fitness (i.e. VO2peak), cardiovascular parameters (cardiac output and stroke volume) and cognitive performance at rest and during submaximal exercise. The primary endpoint will be the improvement in cognitive performance.


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HC at Valdosta
6 Nostalgic Cartoons We Can't Forget
By Jamesia Folston • Valdosta Contributor September 19, 2017 at 6:11am
Nostalgic Cartoons
Growing up as a 90's baby has its privileges, especially in the cartoon world! We've all taken a trip down memory lane with hopes of adulting being as easy as the old days. Well cue the nostalgia, because these cartoons have a special place in our childhood!
These fourth graders made it their mission to protect the kids of the playground! The playground is ruled by a monarch under the control of King Bob who enforces unwritten laws that become the social norms. As a child, this show was pretty amazing because it gave us kids a sense of power. T.J., Ashley, Mikey, Vince, Gus and Gretchen were the kids to never conform. They understood what they believed in and always took a stand.
Dexter made it look easy to create world-saving inventions out of thin air. I would say the greatest problem he faced was his patience around his big sister Dee-Dee. Dee-Dee was the idealistic sibling who wrecked everything great in Dexter's life. I can't forget to mention Mandark and his iconic laughing episode, classic!
We've watched this fourth grader with the football shaped head take on adventures with his friend Gerald. These two made a dynamic duo that introduced us to their lives in the city of Hillwood, New York. Arnold was the problem solver who always found himself fixing new situations.
Ed, Edd, n Eddy
These three guys were as clueless about life as young boys could get. As children, we dreamed of being this free! Their three completely different personalities made for countless adventures and summertime scams.
Paranoia problems ruled the mind of this anxious dog! However, his owners never took the time to hear Courage out. Time after time, Courage saved his owners from what appeared to be danger, even when he was scolded for doing so. We still love you Courage!
Kim Possible looks like the average high-school cheerleader to most, but little did her peers know, she saved the world from supervillains as one of her hobbies. Her best friend, Ron Stoppable, and his naked mole rat, Rufus, trailed along unconventionally getting Kim out of sticky situations from time to time.
I hope this trip down memory lane was the perfect procrastination tool! How many of these shows have an important place in your childhood?
-HCXO
Jamesia Folston (Valdosta)
Jamesia Folston is an Early Childhood Education student at Valdosta State University. She is a 23 year old alternative music addict who enjoys traveling, thrifting, and creating. She aspires to become an educator abroad and globetrotter.


Is it Illegal to Drive without a Horn in Michigan?
Sec. 706. (a) A motor vehicle, including a motorcycle or moped, when operated upon a highway shall be equipped with a horn in good working order and capable of emitting sound audible under normal conditions from a distance of not less than 200 feet but a horn or other warning device shall not emit an unreasonably loud or harsh sound or a whistle. The driver of a motor vehicle shall when reasonably necessary to insure safe operation give audible warning with his horn but shall not otherwise use the horn when upon a highway.
(b) A vehicle shall not be equipped with nor shall a person use upon a vehicle a siren, whistle, or bell, except as otherwise permitted in this section.
This is a basic function that you need whenever driving your car. Failure to use your horn could be submitted as evidence of negligence if you've been sued in a Michigan car accident claim.
A car horn can protect you from vehicles that merge without looking. It can tell another driver that the light is green. It can even protect you from a suspicious person approaching your vehicle. The bottom line is that you need it.
Did you know that our firm has been handling Michigan car, motorcycle, snowmobile, truck, and bus accidents in the Detroit and the Metro Detroit areas over the last 30 years?
Our Southfield personal injury firm handles any and all injuries: we service Birmingham, Dearborn, Flint, West Bloomfield, Keego Harbor, Royal Oak, and their respective surrounding areas.


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Chequers is a red herring | 28 comments (28 topical, editorial, 0 hidden)
Re: Chequers is a red herring (4.00 / 4)
Trump's trade demands add to May's Brexit woes
In response to a question from POLITICO on board an RAF Voyager plane on her way to New York, the prime minister said she would be able to maintain frictionless trade and strike "good, improved trade deals" with countries around the rest of the world.
"Just think about this: If having those EU regulations stopped good trade deals, how come the EU has done trade deals with countries around the rest of the world?" May said.
Now she tells us?
David Henig, a former U.K. trade official who was involved in U.S.-EU trade negotiations, agreed that a shared rulebook with the EU could cause problems for the U.S. trade deal, although it may not be terminal.
"The U.S. agriculture people need to be able to export, they insist on their standards for export," he said.
Nick Allen, chief executive of the British Meat Processors Association, said the U.K. has particularly high animal welfare standards and very prescriptive hygiene standards, and anything that means they have to compete with lower standards is a problem for them.
Nevertheless, Trade Secretary Liam Fox has repeatedly insisted "there will be no lowering of U.K. food standards" in future trade deals.
If Liam Fox says so.
by Bernard on Wed Sep 26th, 2018 at 08:04:57 PM EST
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Chequers is a red herring | 28 comments (28 topical, 0 editorial, 0 hidden)
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 Are You Comfortable Making Some Cold Calls?
Are you comfortable making some cold calls?
Why did you leave your last position? How to handle a customer who starts yelling at you as soon as they pick up and find out that you are a telemarketer?


Is Auto Insurance Required in Chapter 13 Bankruptcy?
If you owe money on your vehicle, most likely your contract requires you to maintain full coverage insurance on the vehicle. Of course, Alabama law requires that liability insurance be maintained whether you owe money on the vehicle or not!
Lack of insurance is one of the most common reasons a creditor lienholder will object to the approval of your Chapter 13 plan. In the Middle District of Alabama, if insurance was not in place on the date your Chapter 13 was filed and the creditor objects to confirmation of your case, the creditor is often given a future relief provision at confirmation. This means that if full coverage insurance is not provided in a ten-day window from the date of the order OR if insurance lapses and a new policy providing coverage is not provided in ten days, then the creditor will be granted permission to repossess the vehicle.
What happens if you have an accident? If you do not have insurance, you may still end up paying for a car that is totaled and have no means to replace the vehicle! If you have a car, insurance is a must!
If you are having financial problems to the extent it is impossible to pay for auto insurance, please contact one of our Bond & Botes attorneys to see if a Chapter 13 bankruptcy will allow you the ability to get a payment plan in place that will allow you to afford your current vehicle.


The school will close on Monday 07 May for the May Bank Holiday.� It will remain closed on Tuesday 08 May and will reopen on Wednesday 09 June at 8.30am.
There will be NO CHOIR tomorrow, Friday 04 May.
This May Bank Holiday weekend, there is an "Art in Action" festival at Farmleigh.� It runs from 10.30am � 5.30pm on Saturday, Sunday & Monday and admission is free. For more information, see www.farmleigh.ie/events www.artinaction.ie.
There is no provision for indoor supervision of children on wet mornings prior to 8.30am.� We would ask that you time your arrival between 8.30 and 8.40 in the event of inclement weather.
Time is running out for St. Patrick's National School. Please help our school to win up �5000 in sports equipment. Log on to www.fitfactor.ie and vote for our healthy eating and fitness project.Every vote counts. Please get your friends to vote also. Thank you. Lorcan 3rd Class. Niamh 4th Class.
Diswellstown Summer Camp will be held from Monday 02 July to Friday 06 July inclusive, from 9am to 1pm daily.� The Summer Camp will cater for all children from Infants to 6th Class.� Age appropriate activities will include Art & Crafts, cooking, drama, sport and games.� Enrolment will be on Thursday 10 May at 2.20pm, under the canopy outside the main door. Application Forms are available at Reception.
Well done to our school team � a fabulous performance from all runners at Morton Stadium yesterday! From more than 30 schools our boys came back with the shield for Best Boys Team. The girls did superbly too and we await the announcement in the next few days of the overall winning school. Two members of our team took part in an individual Fingal Future Olympian Race (confined to 5th class children only) and out of a large field of competitors, one of them finished 1st and the other 4th. Congratulations to all � you certainly did the school proud!
All running kits, when cleaned, should be returned in a bag with your child's name clearly marked on it, please. These will be collected from the classrooms. Children must make sure that their kit is "signed back in".
Trials are still on-going for this year's school team. We now have a shortlist for each age category. The children who have made it onto the shortlists will be informed over the next few days. The final selection will be made from these lists. It should be noted that selection is based on a number of points � athletic ability, team spirit, sportsmanship, general behaviour etc. The remainder of the "Knock-out Trials" and Training will be held after school. Those who make it onto the shortlists must attend if they want to be considered for the team. Names of those selected have to be submitted by mid-May. For the moment, the following schedule has been put in place, but further dates will be advised in next week's Newsletter.
Children should line up in yard outside Diswellstown Door at 2.15 where they will be met by teacher. Please note that training may be cancelled if the ground is too wet. Also note that other dates may need to be added in order to prepare for the event. Children will be informed at school of any changes.
It would be greatly appreciated that if you are dropping in any of your child's forgotten belongings e.g. lunches, bags, homework, sports gear, etc that they are clearly marked with your child's name and their class teacher.
Tr�caire Boxes were collected from the school yesterday.� Any further boxes can be returned to the Parish Church or the Parish Centre.