What kind of photography is still better done with film cameras?
Are there any kind of photography left today which digital cameras are still in the disadvantage to film cameras?
Infrared and ultraviolet photography is much more accessible with film. With digital it is possible, but generally involves modifying the sensor to remove the hot mirror, which is very expensive.
There are some digital cameras explicitly designed as medium-format, such as the Hasselblad H4D. The H4D sensor ranges around 50-60 megapixels and is 40.2 x 53.7mm in size, which is considerably larger than a full-frame 35mm sensor. The cost of this camera, at $45,000, is extremely prohibitive.
It won't kill your battery. A digital SLR will expose for an hour if you're lucky before the battery dies, depending on your power setup (extra grip vs no). A film camera can expose indefinitely without using any additional battery usage, which is helpful when you want to expose for a few hours.
Noise. DSLRs heat up the longer they expose for, so if you expose for too long you end up with a fuzzy layer on top of your image. There are ways to prevent this, such as taking several shorter shots or using post-processing, but they are inferior to taking one nice, long, clean shot on film. One of the nicer features I've seen on my Nikon D700 is the in-camera Long-exposure Noise Reduction, which follows up your shot with an equally long "blank" shot, which it then subtracts out from the initial image to eliminate the noise. This is a nifty feature, but the downside it cuts down by half the max time duration of your original shot.
First an explanation; this answer extensively borrows from and combines points from a number of the existing answers to this question. To those from whom I have borrowed, thanks.
A short answer to this question is "very little" but that hardly does justice to the intent of the question. So I'll make a long answer and divide it into sections.
Digital camera sensors try more or less to mimic the colour response of the human eye in order to help make familiar-looking, believable photos that reflect our own experience of the scene (before they're transformed in Photoshop...).
Like digital cameras, most colour film is sensitive to light in ways which try to approximate what we see with the eye. But also many are not. The most obvious example is black-and-white film. Black and white film is usually used to generate a monochrome print (black and white, or sepia and white for example). But not all black and white films respond to light in the same way. Early black and white films were in fact only responsive to blue light (so skies looked very light). Orthochromatic films were introduced later, and were also sensitive to green light also. Then came panchromatic films — also sensitive to red light.
Not every black and white film is sensitive to the various wavelengths of light in the same way, and this means that a given scene, photographed with different black and white films, will look different even if the overall sensitivity of the films are the same.
Black and white films generate an image by a chemical reaction which turns silver halide into silver oxide (silver oxide appears black). The image is made up of many tiny grains of silver oxide.
Colour films can also respond to visible light in different ways too. Well-known examples include Kodak's discontinued Kodachrome emulsion, and Fuji's Velvia (which is more sensitive to green light). Colour films are normally made of several layers, one each for red green and blue light. They contain various dyes and other things that allow the layers to register the red green and blue image. The development process for colour film is much more complex than that for black and white film partly because these layers respond in different ways to the development chemicals and to the temperature of the reaction. Some colour films are made in three layers and some (principally Fuji films) are made in four. The fourth layer, again, changes the way the film responds.
It's possible to take a photo with a digital camera and manipulate it to mimic the 'look' of a certain type of film. You'll get very close but may not precisely mimic the film effect. Photographers who are particularly attached to the 'look' of a film can therefore continue to prefer film. In a sense it's because they are familiar with the tool and the results it produces have become part of their style.
Even if you don't have a preference for any particular 'look', you can swap between film types to experiment with their imaging properties. That by itself can be an attraction of film photography. The flip side clearly is that with film it's hard to try out several 'looks' on one base image — while with things like Photoshop you can try out filters and actions to experiment with variations on your original image.
Film can be sensitive to non-visible wavelengths of light. Digital sensors can too, but it is a lot easier to change the film in a camera than to change the sensor.
Infra-Red ("IR") film is a popular choice, especially for living subjects like trees (often trees look very light coloured). IR films most often render monochrome images, though colour IR films are possible. Kodak used to make one (Ektachrome EIR), but it has been discontinued. IR films vary in their response to infra-red light too (some are sensitive only to "deep" IR and others are also sensitive to some parts of the visible spectrum (red light, usually).
Digital camera sensors are normally sensitive to IR light. This usually isn't convenient since it would generate an image that's not as the eye sees. So they normally have an IR-blocking filter over the sensor. That block is not perfect so by putting a filter on the lens which is opaque to visible wavelengths, you can do IR photography with a regular digital camera. You can also get them adapted by removal of the IR blocking filter on the sensor. This makes them much more useful for IR photography (since you can use the viewfinder again). The adaptation process can also account for the different focusing properties of IR light, so while this option is quite expensive, the result is probably easier to use than IR film in a regular film SLR. But trying IR photography out by just buying an IR film is certainly the cheapest option.
Glass bends light rays of different wavelengths different amounts (this gives rise to the "chromatic aberrations" you read about in lens reviews), so IR focuses in at a different point to visible light. That can be awkward, so many people stop down to adjust by increasing depth-of-field.
Films exist also that are sensitive to ultra-violet light. However, most modern camera lenses are constructed from materials that block it. A notable exception is the CoastalOpt® UV-VIS-IR 60mm Apo Macro UV-VIS-IR Lens which, incredibly, is not only transparent to visible, UV and IR light but also brings them all to focus at the same point (meaning that you can focus normally with it). It's eye-wateringly expensive, though.
Some people choose to do film photography precisely because its imaging is based on chemical processes. Certain kinds of photographic prints (Platinum/Palladium prints, Ilfochrome prints) have a partiucular look that people seek out.
Altering the parameters of the development process can generate imaging effects that people deliberately take advantage of; solarisation and cross-processing are good examples. Once again it's possible to pretty much duplicate this look in Photoshop but then, perhaps not exactly.
Sometimes it's just more convenient to use film exactly because development and printing is chemical. For example, you don't need a computer or a printer to make a print from film. This could be an advantage in a remote place, for example. But not only in remote places; instant cameras have made a comeback in recent years.
The physical — rather than chemical — properties of film can motivate a choice to use film, too. Until recently dental X-rays were mostly done with film, because it was easier to put a small piece of X-ray film in someone's mouth than it was to miniaturise an electronic X-ray sensor (and sell it at a price dentists would pay).
You can record more information on a photo by using bigger film. That is, a 6cm by 6cm negative such as is used in a Hasselblad camera will record more fine detail than my SLR will (its frames are less than 3cm × 3cm). And with film, you can just go bigger and bigger to get more resolution. You can buy sheets of film at 8 by 10 inches. It's a standard size, even. You can go bigger still too. Digital camera sensors of that size basically don't exist (though if they did, they would also have great resolution). Even a sensor a third that size costs many tens of thousands of dollars. The problem is that digital camera sensors are made out of one single silicon chip, and larger sensors are much more expensive to make than small ones. I believe it's partly because the area density of IC manufacturing defects doesn't go down just because you're making a bigger sensor, so the yields for large sensor production are worse than small ones. The lower the yield of sellable products, the more expensive it is to make them.
Film even goes up to truly ridiculous sizes. Take a look at this huge 24"×20" instant camera and the stunning X-ray work of Nick Veasey (see also this article about Nick's work which I think points out that some of it is done at an enlargement ratio of 1:1).
Film is available in many shapes. You can even buy it in sheets and cut it. The Hasselblad XPan uses regular 35mm film, but takes very wide frames (so essentially it has a much larger "sensor area" than a full-frame digital camera).
Panoramic cameras often rely on the ability to bend the film. If you're going to take advantage of the bendiness of film, the Spinner could be the most fun way to do it.
Holography is normally done with film I think. Very slow (ISO 25 perhaps) sheet film. Well not film exactly. Photographic emulsion on large glass slides. I suppose it could be possible to record a hologram digitally, but I'm sure the equipment to do so would be pretty expensive.
Sometimes people choose film not because of the properties of the film, but because of the properties of film cameras.
Price: you can make a film camera so cheaply that it's essentially disposable (though I think the development labs can return them to the manufacturer for recycling).
Battery life: some film cameras are entirely mechanical and require no battery at all. Others have a battery and use it only for the light meter, meaning that you can still function without a battery. Even fully electronic film cameras are usually more frugal with battery power than digital cameras. This can be important for photography in remote areas (where it's hard to recharge batteries) or for very long exposures (since battery life limits the length of exposure you can get with a digital camera — the sensor has to be powered the whole time).
Optical qualities: some cameras, for example Holgas, have a particular look of the image that people like. Sometimes for art and sometimes for fun. This includes pinhole cameras, too.
Underwater photography: you can buy a waterproof housing for your digital camera, but they used to actually make film cameras that were themselves submersible (notably the Nikonos series of cameras).
Bellows: large-format film cameras often have a bellows which allows the relative orientations of the lens plane, the film plane and the subject to be changed. This produces interesting and often useful effects of both perspective and plane of focus. See the Wikipedia article on view cameras for more information. Some digital cameras can do this too. But while lenses for digital SLR cameras do exist that can achieve this, they cost over $1500 and are by comparison limited in their abilities (and their image circle).
Black and white print film. I sometimes use this for its wide exposure latitude. Black and white print film can capture a wider range of subject brightness than DSLRs or slide film. Something between 13 and 20 stops. My DSLR has only around 9 stops of dynamic range. So in this respect black and white print film is superior. While photographic paper itself only has around 5 stops of available range, you have a lot of freedom when printing the film negative about how you map the dynamic range of the negative onto the print. This is part of the reason why printing is an art, and Ansel Adams devoted a whole book to it.
IR print film. Buying IR film is cheaper than getting your DSLR converted for IR and much more convenient than shooting with an IR filter (IR filters block visible light, so the viewfinder is totally dark).
Fuji Velvia. This is a fine-grained high-saturation slide film. Basically I do this just for kicks, I'm not certain I can achieve anything with this I could not do with a DSLR. But since I have a film body anyway, I use it.
Right now, I have two films loaded, one in each of my film bodies. One is an IR film and the other is, I think, Velvia 50.
Notice that I only do about 5% — less perhaps — of my shooting with film. If this was any more, the processing costs would be annoying. The processing costs for digital photgraphs, once you have a computer and software, are zero. For film, you pay for every exposure. So I'd never put myself in a position where I only had a film camera.
One other thing I find handy is a film leader extractor. This allows you to re-wind your film before finishing it, change the film in your camera, and then later re-load the film that you rewound (obviously you have to advance the film past the exposures you already took). I used to find that handy for those times when I had ISO 100 film loaded, and then wanted to use a slow zoom lens in poor light (for which I needed ISO 800). Of course, that kind of thing isn't needed for DSLRs at all.
One thing that I like better about film photography is, that you can shoot slides and project these in large scale with their original resolution onto a screen, or even just a smooth white wall.
Digital projectors will never give your 12 megapixel camera justice--most digital projectors cannot display anything beyond the "HD" format, which is really only 2 megapixels (1,920 x 1,080 pixels).
I believe a lot of people don't realize the fact that while the 10, 12, 14 or whatever megapixel camera can capture tons of detail, the program that will display your images on screen will always have to recalculate all this detail and cram it into your screen--which most likely has a 2 megapixel resolution or even less. That's sad. But of course, the convenience factor of digital photography takes over most people for good reason.
The optics of pinhole systems mean that increasing the size of the imaging medium makes enormous gains to the resolution of the image.
In practice, film (or photographic paper, commonly, but still silver-halide) is easily the best choice, and will probably remain so indefinitely.
No monochrome sensors are available on the mass market.
Whilst the price of digital has plummeted at the very bottom end, film cameras are cheaper to manufacture, which makes them suitable for disposable cameras, the type that are made of cardboard and shoot one roll of film which can't be replaced.
A film camera requires as a minimum a light-tight box with a small hole. It is thus much more suitable for home-made cameras for either educational or recreational purposes.
Film cameras can be entirely mechanical. This means they can operate on zero power making them suitable for cases where a camera must remain dormant for a very long time in an environment with no external power (e.g. a cave) before being activated by an external [mechanical] trigger.
Digital camera sensors are active (consuming energy) the entire time during an exposure, and can heat up as a result. This energy use and quality lost due to thermal noise can place upper limits on exposure time. Film, whilst being suitable to reciprocity failure, is passive which means exposures can be much much longer, so for any applications which require very long exposures, such as solargraphs (where the exposure can be as much as a year) film may be preferable.
Broadly speaking film costs increase linearly with area - if you want twice as much film it will cost twice as much. This is a simplification but contrasts strongly with digital sensors where the cost rises exponentially with sensor area. This is due to the way defects appear in the silicon. When making many small sensors from a wafer, a single defect could cause you to have to throw away one of the sensors, still leaving you with many viable units, however when making one large sensor, a single defect can cause the whole sensor being thrown away leaving you with nothing to show for your effort.
To capture the highest levels of detail requires a physically larger lens and format, so for these applications film is either cheaper, or the only option. A good example is the GigaPxl project which captured images on film using a special camera that were scanned in at the resolution of a billion pixels.
In fine art photography, for some photographers, the actual process of taking a photo, using film, is still very important.
Also, shooting with film, with an older film body, as an artist, can connect you to the legacy of photographers past, in a way that you cannot do with digital bodies.
Cheap disposable film cameras are good in situations where you'd not want to risk with losing or damaging your primary equipment, such as a day on the beach, horseback ride, a wild bachelors trip etc. I bought one with appropriate shell to try out underwater photography, it was several times cheaper than a shell alone for my digital camera would have been.
A mechanical film camera would be handy anytime you cannot or may not use power, such as extremely cold temperatures, during plane take-off/landing, or after the next super-strong geomagnetic storm.
None of the digital cameras today have the full range of movements (Rise, Fall, Tilt, Shift, Swing) of view cameras. PC or TS lenses get you there partially, but their range of movement is nowhere close to what's available to view cameras. So they don't offer nearly as much control on focus plane placement, DoF and perspective control.
A smaller aperture is also possible before diffraction kicks in.
So some landscape, architectural and fine art photography is better done with film.
Digital camera sensors fail on all four counts!
My father-in-law produces photogram-like images by capturing light refraction patterns with a lens-less film SLR body. In theory you could do this digitally too and we've discussed it a few times, but I'm always reluctant to expose my camera's sensor to the elements so routinely. Again, film just doesn't have that issue.
Five or six years ago, when I first took up photography, I would have said night photos. I could put black & white ISO 6400 film in my Nikon N80 and get shots I wouldn't even think of attempting with a digital back then. I doubt that's true today though.
Film is good for some aspects of learning photography. The expense of it can be a good thing. When you have to pay a real cost for each picture, you wind up paying attention to what you're doing. It forces you to deal with your mistakes, look at them and learn from them. They're objects that you have to deal with, they cost you money, so you learn quickly.
Not being able to see the picture until a while later means that you have to have paid attention to what you shot while you were shooting. Film tends to concentrate the experience on the moment of shooting because everything leads up to that, rather than the shot being the start of an extended post-production process, the goal of which is usually to mimic something other than what happened at that moment.
These goals tend to be suited to learning, and to art-oriented projects. The point is that they take advantage of the fact that film takes longer and is more expensive. What is learned can be translated to digital for commercial and professional work, where the goal is to be as cheap and fast as possible.
Film cameras have (iirc) universal support for multiple exposures. Some dslr bodies have added this feature, and you can certainly do this in pp, but film allows you to do this in a straight forward manner.
Medium format is still much cheaper (relatively) using film, as digital MF's are wicked more expensive than their film counterparts.
Star trail photos are so easy to take on film. Point the camera at the sky with your preferred film and aperture, and just open the shutter. With an old fully manual SLR you don't even need to worry about the battery giving out six hours into the exposure. Post processing? Just develop the film; no stacking, dark frames, or any extra effort required.
The film itself. Black and white and IR film is favorited by many, but I prefer color. Color film brings something that can't (easily?) be recreated digitally: color crossover. The way the colors on each layer of the film interact is subtle and fantastic. The randomness in the film layers helps to create fantastic color in a way you just don't see in digital.
Weight: Because film SLRs have tiny batteries (by comparison to DSLRs), they tend to weigh a whole lot less.
Full frame: You might have a full-frame DSLR. You might not. If you like full-frame but don't want to pay the freight of one of the higher-end DSLRs, then you can get that format on a film camera.
Electrical requirements. With my best battery packs, I'm pushing my luck to get more than 1,200 shots per battery. Say I take two batteries. That's 2,400 which might not be enough -- or it might really not be enough if I'm taxing the battery with long exposures or cold temperatures. The options for recharging batteries if you are on Mount Everest on on safari are limited. Carrying an extra 2CR5 battery along with your film camera is, in these cases, way easier than finding an electrical outlet that matches the requirements of your charger.
Large format architectural photography might be a case in which film may be preferable to digital because of the cost and availability of digital equipment. There is a paucity of digital tilt/shift cameras available (the only I know of are made by Cambo) and the digital backs start at about $15,000. There are medium format tilt/shift lenses available for digital medium format cameras, but the final image is in no way comprable to that possible with tilt/shift front and back camera planes. Many architectural photographers go the route of a medium format camera, doing everything possible to maintain horizontals and verticals in camera, correcting when necessary in post-processing, but this is a conpetetive (cost v. time) compromise.
Force of habit, there's a big section of photographers who learnt the trade using film and prefer it's qualities, and it works for them so why change the habit of a professional life time?
I do know of a couple of photographers who say they prefer the actual quality of a print from film due to various factors, but if I'm honest I can't see it, but they can and for them that's enough to keep using it.
Film processing is a lot easier than digital processing in remote areas, especially if there's no (reliable) electricity. A few bottles of chemicals and a light tight bag are enough to process a roll of black and white film to negatives, in theory prints of those can be made without electricity too (though a powered enlarger makes it a lot easier and more reliable).
Without a computer and a decent size screen however, the pictures on your memory card are completely useless, impossible to retrieve.
There's no doubt also specialty areas (like until recently space) where film was used exclusively.
In high-speed B&W photography, film (think Ilford's Delta 3200) still produces far better results than digital sensors.
In low-light photography, film is still better, but digital is (finally) getting decent results. Take color away, and digital sensors clunk.
Try to replicate works of Jonathan Canlas and Jose Villa with digital cameras, impossible. A lot of photographers choose film, not because it's better, but because it gives them certain look. Think of it as a tool at your disposal.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged digital digital-vs-film film or ask your own question.
How to engage in photography without a camera?
Is there any printer that can print digitally onto 35mm film?
Is there any demand for medium or large format film photography?
Is ISO 200 still considered to be a bad choice, on digital cameras?
What is the white balance of film?


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Contentious Trusts and Probate FAQs
How long do I have to contest a Will?
If the person who has made the Will is still alive and you have concerns that it is not a valid Will then, in certain circumstances, you can consider making an application to the Court of Protection for a Statutory Will to be made on that person's behalf. This can only be done if the person who should make the Will lacks capacity or is particularly vulnerable and in need of protection. Specialist advice would be needed.
If you wish to contest a Will after someone has died then different time limits will apply depending on the challenge. A Will takes effect on death and ideally any challenge to the validity of the Will should be brought before a Grant of Probate is issued. A Caveat can be entered to prevent the issue of a Grant and allow more time to investigate whether a Will is valid.
A beneficiary can make a claim against an estate within 12 years of the date of death but it is preferable to make a claim as soon as possible. The longer you wait to challenge a Will the less chance there is that there will be assets available within the estate.
If you are bringing a claim against the estate under the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975 then time start to run when a Grant of Probate or Letters of Administration is issued and runs out six months later.
On what grounds can I challenge a Will?
You can challenge the validity of the Will itself on a set number of key grounds as follows:-
Lack of due execution
Lack of testamentary capacity
Lack of knowledge and approval
Undue influence
Forgery/fraud
You can challenge the content of a valid Will if you have a claim under the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975 or if you have what is known as a proprietary estoppel claim which is a claim to enforce a promise you have relied upon to your detriment.
Will I have to go to Court?
The vast majority of cases will settle though of course some disputes do have to be dealt with by a Court. It will be necessary to engage in negotiation and mediation to try to avoid going to a trial but it cannot be ruled out that a Judge will need to make the final decision.
In a dispute over a Will or provision within an estate each party will initially be responsible for their own costs. If matters are settled then it is possible to reach agreement as to how costs for each party should be dealt with.
If the matter is resolved at a trial then a Judge will decide. It is usually the case that the losing party pays the costs of the other parties but in some circumstances a Judge may order that costs of one or more parties to the dispute are borne by the estate itself.
The Executor is not doing anything – what can I do?
Executors have a duty to administer the estate in accordance with the terms of a Will but sometimes Executors do not get on with this job. It may be possible to seek the removal or replacement of an Executor either with someone else who is suitable and willing to act or with an independent administrator who will usually be a qualified professional.
The procedure for removing an Executor is different depending on whether or not a Grant of Probate has been issued and you should seek specialist advice to make sure that the correct application is made.
Courts will not easily remove an Executor and so it will be necessary to show that the Executor is not carrying out their duties.
I don't get on with my fellow Executor – what can I do?
In the first instance Executors should try to work together and in some circumstances a mediation can help to resolve issues between them.
It is possible for two Executors (for example siblings who do not really get on) to agree to instruct a firm of solicitors to act on their joint behalf. That firm will deal with the administration of the estate as long as they get consistent instructions from each of the two Executors.
The other possibility is for both Executors to agree to stand down or to stand aside and for a replacement executor or an independent administrator to be appointed in their place who will then become the Executor of the estate.
Does an Executor have to produce accounts?
There is no obligation on an Executor to produce estate accounts but it is best practice to do this.
Estate accounts allow beneficiaries to see exactly what was in the estate, what has been paid out of the estate and how the estate is to be distributed so that they can crosscheck that against the terms of the Will. Ideally beneficiaries should sign estate accounts before a final distribution is made by the Executor to confirm that they agree the way in which the administration has been carried out.
Can I stop a Grant of Probate being issued?
Yes – if you are concerned that a Will is not valid or that the person who is applying for a grant is not fit to be an Executor then you can lodge a Caveat at the Probate Registry. This sits on the Probate Register for six months (unless removed or renewed) and prevents any Grant being issued.
Caveats can be "warned" and costs may be incurred if a Caveat is maintained in circumstanced where it should not be preventing the grant. Ideally if you issue a Caveat it would be sensible to take specialist legal advice to make sure that the right steps are being taken to look at the validity of the Will so that the Caveat can be justified.
Can I get a copy of a Will?
Once a Grant of Probate has been issued the Will becomes a public document and you should be able to apply to the Probate Registry to download a copy of that. The current fee for obtaining a copy Will and Grant is £1.50.
Prior to the issue of a Grant, the Will may not be shown to you although an Executor retains the right to disclose the Will if they are happy to do so. Beneficiaries may be entitled to sight of the Will but non-beneficiaries are not.
In some circumstances, if you expected to be a beneficiary of a Will and you are told that you are not it may be possible to make a Larke v Nugus request to the solicitors who wrote the Will for information about the circumstances in which that occurred so that you can decide whether or not to bring a challenge as to the validity of the Will itself.
Who can contest a Will?
Anyone is able to contest a Will but given the costs involved only someone with a financial interest in the outcome would be best placed to do so. If a Will is successfully challenged then any previous valid Will becomes the "last Will and Testament" of the deceased so it is important to know what that Will says before entering into a challenge. If a person challenges a Will on the grounds of lack of testamentary capacity but is not provided for in the previous Will then even if a challenge succeeds they stand to recover nothing.
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Smirnoff rolls out 'Equalizer' tool on Spotify to promote women artists
Welcome to Marketing's Changemakers, a new series from The Drum that tells the stories of brands trying to change the world in ways both big and small. Here, Smirnoff's global senior brand manager Neil Shah discusses the latest installment of the brand's 'Equalizing Music' initiative, which aims to promote equality for women musicians around the world.
Just like the advertising industry – and most industries, for that matter – music has a gender problem.
It's a problem that spares no genre, and one that caused a Twitter storm earlier this year when the hashtag #GrammySoMale began trending after Alessia Cara became the sole woman to take home a major award at the Grammys. Last month, country singer Cam called out the iHeart Radio Music Awards for including zero female nominees in the Country Artist of the Year category.
The numbers show just how bad things really are: according to a recent study by the Annenberg Inclusion Initiative that analyzed 600 popular songs from 2012-2017, females represented only 22.4% of all artists and a mere 12.3% of songwriters.
While it will surely take more than a brand effort to solve an issue of this scale, Smirnoff is doing its part to raise the profiles of and give exposure to female artists through its 'Equalizing Music' campaign, an effort that began in 2016 with a documentary featuring New York-based female DJ collective and booking agency Discwoman. The documentary was created via Smirnoff's international music platform Sound Collective, which the brand says is committed to fostering an inclusive electronic music culture.
Read more at The Drum: http://www.thedrum.com/news/2018/03/02/marketing-s-changemakers-smirnoff-rolls-out-equalizer-tool-spotify-promote-women
Posted in 2018, Music, Smirnoff, The Drum
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iOS and other stuff

            Swift per-file compile times

          August 17, 2016

I've been struggling with Swift compilation times recently. Working on a larger app means that we are adding a lot of new Swift code. Swift isn't the fastest to compile, it sometimes has issues around type inference1 (Swift 3 appears to improve a lot of this, but at time of writing I hadn't migrated yet).

Type Inference Bug - SR-305 ↩

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            Clang frontend actions (Part 1)

          April 19, 2016

I had an interesting discussion with a co-worker yesterday, we were discussing how to grab all the comments from an Objective-C source file. We tried to think about how to do that with a regex, which probably would have worked ok, but definitely wouldn't have handled all the edge cases easily.

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            Xcode UI Testing and Location Permission Alerts

          July 17, 2015

With Xcode 7, Apple has given us a new tool for user interface testing.
I'm not going to cover the basics here, but for an great introduction to user interface testing in Xcode, check out this awesome article: UI Testing in Xcode 7

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            Setting up travis-ci for automated unit testing of iOS projects on GitHub

          May 6, 2013

This guide is how I set up new projects to run unit tests automatically when I push a commit or merge a branch on GitHub for iOS projects.

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            Developing Xcode 4 Plugins

          April 29, 2013

This is a quick guide that documents how to start developing plugins for Xcode4. You need to have Xcode installed to create plugins.

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Джон Ми́лтон Чи́вингтон (; 27 января 1821 — 4 октября 1894) — методистский священник, офицер армии США.

Биография
Джон Чивингтон родился в городе Лебанон, штат Огайо. С рождения был дальтоником. В 1853 году был направлен методистской церковью к индейскому племени вайандотов в Канзас. Из-за своей открытой неприязни к рабству получал письма с угрозами, был вынужден переехать в Омаху.

8 мая 1860 года вместе со своей семьёй переехал в Денвер. С началом Гражданской войны пошёл добровольцем в армию северян. В звании майора был зачислен в 1-й полк Колорадских волонтёров. Участвовал в битвах с конфедератами. В апреле 1862 года был назначен командующим 1-м полком Колорадских волонтёров в чине полковника.

29 ноября 1864 года солдаты под командованием Чивингтона, оснащенные несколькими артиллерийскими орудиями, атаковали лагерь мирных шайеннов и арапахо. В селении, которое располагалось вблизи реки Сэнд-Крик, находилось около 600 человек. Нападение оказалось полной неожиданностью для индейцев. Солдаты действовали очень жестоко, убивая женщин и детей, уродуя трупы до неузнаваемости и снимая скальпы. Пленных солдаты Чивингтона не брали, раненых добивали. Большинство убитых составляли женщины и дети. Белые солдаты использовали в качестве трофеев фрагменты расчленённых тел, включая половые органы жертв и человеческие эмбрионы. Позднее свою добычу Чивингтон и его солдаты показывали жителям города Денвера. Свои действия Чивингтон объяснял местью за убитых шайеннами и арапахо американцев.

Бойня на Сэнд-Крик вызвала широкий резонанс, была создана государственная комиссия. Чивингтон был вынужден уволиться из армии. Прожив некоторое время в Калифорнии и Огайо, он вернулся в Денвер, где работал помощником шерифа. Чивингтон скончался 4 октября 1894 года от рака.

Примечания

Литература
Brown, Dee. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West — Owl Books, 1970 — ISBN 0-8050-6669-1.

Ссылки
John M. Chivington. New Perspectives on the West
Участники Индейских войн
Умершие в Денвере
Дальтоники

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Traveler is a musical journey created to inspire a positive way of life. The project was founded in 2009 by Zander Trop after visiting Black Rock City and being blown away by the purity and originality of the underground. This experience ignited his creative mission to spread positivity and innovation through music. The evolution of Traveler's vibrant sound has been refined through years of working with numerous collaborators and constantly seeking out new experiences. Throughout this ever-changing sonic adventure, the core principles have remained the same: To combine the psychedelic bass driven elements of the underground with chord progressions, melodies and vocals that can appeal to the mainstream.


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Trainer Profile – Donald McCain Jnr
Leave a Comment / Trainers / By Allison Graham
Donald McCain Jnr (Cholmondeley, Cheshire)
Born on June 13, 1970, Donald McCain Jnr is the son of the late Ginger McCain, trainer of the legendary Red Rum, the only horse to win the John Smith's Grand National three times (1973, 1974 and 1977) and also Amberleigh House, the 2004 victor.
Donald learnt to ride on his sister Joanne's pony Gambol and rode in his first race on the Flat aged 15 (his father told a few white lies so he could ride) at Haydock Park. He subsequently became a jump jockey, firstly as an amateur and then a professional, partnering around 40 winners under Rules. He rode several times over the Grand National fences, finishing fifth aboard Harley in the 1992 FoxHunters' Chase and 17th on Sure Metal in the 1996 Grand National.
He also spent time working for trainers Luca Cumani, Sir Michael Stoute and Oliver Sherwood. Donald subsequently became assistant trainer to his father at Bankhouse Stables at Cholmondeley in Cheshire and played a significant role in Amberleigh House's Grand National victory in 2004.
He was expected to take over the licence from his father at the start of the 2006/7 jump season, but had to wait until June, 2006, before he was able to train in his own name as he needed to complete the appropriate British Horseracing Authority courses.
Donald's first winner as a licensed trainer came with Bearaway in a handicap chase at Newton Abbot on June 8, 2006. He secured his first Cheltenham Festival triumph with Cloudy Lane in the Fulke Walwyn Kim Muir Handicap Chase in 2007 and enjoyed 40 winners in his first campaign.
In the 2007/08 season, he had 58 successes and a second Cheltenham Festival success with Whiteoak in the David Nicholson Mares Hurdle, while the 2008/09 haul of 62 winners included Cloudy Lane's victory in the Grade Two Peter Marsh Chase at Haydock Park.
The 2009/10 season brought further success with a double at the Cheltenham Festival thanks to Peddlers Cross in the Neptune Investment Management Novices 'Hurdle and Ballabriggs in the Fulke Walwyn Kim Muir Handicap Chase, and a career best 88 winners.
Last season, when he reached 100 winner, Peddlers Cross landed the Grade One Fighting Fifth Hurdle and was a gallant runner-up in the Champion Hurdle, while Overturn took the Northumberland Plate on the Flat in June and added the Galway Hurdle a month later.
Overturn has been in even better form this season, winning the Grade Two Ascot Hurdle before gaining his first success at Grade One level in the Fighting Fifth Hurdle at Newcastle.
McCain is also the trainer of Smithy The Horse, owned by the John Smith's Racing Partnership which offers John Smith's drinkers the chance to own a share in a racehorse.
He emulated his father by training a John Smith's Grand National winner in 2011,with Ballabriggs taking the spoils in good style. This season is going very well, with 93 successes so far.
John Smith's Grand National Record: 2007 Idle Talk (UR19th); 2008 Cloudy Lane(6th), Idle Talk (14th); 2009 Idle Talk (12th), Cloudy Lane (UR 15th); 2010 Cloudy Lane (8th), 2011 BALLABRIGGS(WON)
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Hi @edouard, thank you so much for watching my vid and I am very happy knowing that it also made you happy.
When using fluid paints you often get air-bubbles in the paint that can cause tiny holes when it dries so I will run a torch-flame over the paint to bring the bubbles up to the surface. This can also create new colour cells in the paint.
So the black lighter is the one I use to do this but the button is broken so I have to use the red lighter to light the black lighter.
Sorry I hope that all made sense - however, I hope to make more videos showing the whole process.
It is very rewarding to learn more by asking questions. It's a good idea not to spell everything out that we you leave us wanting more!


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Certificados de Validação Avançada (EV SSL)  são um tipo especial de certificados X.509 que requer uma investigação mais extensa da entidade requerente pela Autoridade Certificadora antes de ser emitido.

Os critérios para a emissão de certificados EV são definidas pelo CA/Browser Fórum, uma organização sem fins lucrativos cujos membros incluem as principais ACs e vendedores de software da internet, bem como representantes das profissões jurídicas e de auditoria.

Ciência da computação
Tecnologia da informação


On behalf of Timothy Helbing of Helbing Law Office, LLC posted in Chapter 7 Bankruptcy on Thursday, April 18, 2019.
When you choose to file for bankruptcy, you have to list all of the debts that you have in your name. This means that you can't pick and choose which ones are going to be part of the case. Because of this, you have to think about how this will impact your life by looking into what each creditor can do that will affect you. For example, there is a chance that a doctor's office might decline to see you again if you can't pay the bills and they are discharged in a bankruptcy.
One consideration when you file for bankruptcy is that you don't want to be accused of fraud. It is assumed that if you make luxury purchases of more than $725 within 90 days of filing or take out a cash advance of more than $1,000 within 75 days of filing that you did so with the intent to defraud the creditor. If the court finds this is true, it deems the debt nondischargeable. In order to fight this, you have to show that you had no intention to file your case at the time the transaction occurred.
If you're considering a Chapter 13 bankruptcy, you might wonder exactly what a repayment plan is going to entail. There are several factors that have to be considered. Your income and necessary bills are at the top of the list and help determine your ability to repay some of your debt over time. Once you have this information, a payment schedule can be made toward your debts. The payments that you are required to make will go to the bankruptcy trustee for as long as you remain in bankruptcy, which is generally three to five years for a Chapter 13. You must make all the payments on time so that your case can move forward.
On behalf of Timothy Helbing of Helbing Law Office, LLC posted in Bankruptcy on Friday, April 5, 2019.
There are many reasons why people might choose to file for bankruptcy. Knowing when to consider this option is important because you don't want to file if you don't need to, but you shouldn't wait too long. There are some specific cases in which filing is the best option that you have.
Do you have a budget in place? You need to know where your money is going and ensure you pay the most urgent bills. Set your budget and rember to follow it.
Can you pay your bills at all? You might be able to get a second job or find another way to pay off creditors. This could save you from the expense and effort of bankruptcy.
Have you tried to negotiate your bills? Creditors will sometimes negotiate with you just for the assurance that you are going to pay. You may have to be honest and let them know that you are considering bankruptcy and tell them about your hardships before they offer you any options.
Are you expecting any financial changes? Many people know when they are expecting to get a bonus or other type of financial boost. It is important for you to review your full financial situation. Look at what's changed in past few months and see if there is anything that might prevent you from having to file bankruptcy.
On behalf of Timothy Helbing of Helbing Law Office, LLC posted in Debt Relief on Wednesday, March 27, 2019.
When you are swimming in debt, there is a chance that you will need to find relief because you can't make the minimum payments on multiple accounts. There are a few options that might be viable in these cases.
One of the first things that you need to do is contact the creditor to let them know about the issue. Ask them if they have any programs that might help you reduce the minimum payment but remember that this might work against you because of the interest.
On behalf of Timothy Helbing of Helbing Law Office, LLC posted in Bankruptcy on Friday, March 22, 2019.
As the summer months near, some families will be considering taking vacations. Others are more worried about how they will make ends meet. There is a chance that the people in both of these groups will consider bankruptcy before the end of the year. While many people think that bankruptcy is an easy way out of their debts, this is far from the truth.
Whether you just made poor money management decisions or you had to rely on credit to make ends meet because of a life emergency, bankruptcy might be a viable option for reclaiming your finances. You should remember that this is a financially responsible way of handling the matter when you are too far deep in debt to recover and get all the debts paid.
On behalf of Timothy Helbing of Helbing Law Office, LLC on Wednesday, March 20, 2019.
Some individuals may associate bankruptcy with older adults, but there are instances in which younger people might need to file. People in their 20s may not realize exactly how this decision can impact them. It is imperative that everyone who is young and considering bankruptcy take the time to evaluate the potential effects.
The years of early adulthood are a time when people should be building up their finances. Making good decisions and handling your money wisely can set you on the right path. Unfortunately, some people might not utilize credit in the appropriate manner and the debts may pile up. This can lead to your having to file for bankruptcy.
On behalf of Timothy Helbing of Helbing Law Office, LLC posted in Chapter 7 Bankruptcy on Thursday, March 14, 2019.
A Chapter 7 bankruptcy is a serious matter that can't be taken lightly. When you are considering this, be sure that you consider what the process will be like for you, as well as how it might impact you. This type of bankruptcy is also known as the liquidation bankruptcy because your assets will be taken by the trustee and liquidated if they aren't exempt from the proceedings.
One of the most important things to some individuals who are considering this type of bankruptcy is finding out which of their assets are exempt and which are nonexempt. We can review your case and let you know what category your assets will fall into. Once you know this, you might be able to decide if this is the best option for your needs.
On behalf of Timothy Helbing of Helbing Law Office, LLC posted in Bankruptcy on Thursday, March 7, 2019.
Filing for bankruptcy is a big life decision. When you are making it, you need to make sure that you have accurate information. This can be obtained by seeking the assistance of an experienced bankruptcy attorney. There are many things you need to think about when you are choosing one.
First, you have to be comfortable discussing every detail of your finances with the attorney. Only when they have all the information can they give you the appropriate options that you have for handling the problem. Any misstatement or omission on your part can make a significant difference in the choices you have.
It is imperative that you are completely honest about your finances when you are filing a Chapter 13. The court has to know that you will be able to afford the payments to the trustee and your regular living expenses. You might not have much left after all of this is paid, but that financial struggle will only persist until your case is discharged.
On behalf of Timothy Helbing of Helbing Law Office, LLC posted in Bankruptcy on Friday, February 22, 2019.
Some people think that filing bankruptcy is a negative event in life. This mode of thinking comes from the lax laws surrounding bankruptc filings before they were overhauled. Now, bankruptcy is only a viable option for people who meet specific requirements. With the new guidelines, this is a viable legal option that people can use to get back on a responsible track with their finances. We are here to help you learn about how bankruptcy can help you to move forward and discover the financial freedom you deserve.
Filing bankruptcy isn't giving up on your debts. Instead, it lets your creditors know that you care about your responsibilities enough that you aren't going to string them along when you know you can't pay them. Depending on the chapter you file, you will either make payments to the trustee or your non-exempt assets will be liquidated to pay off your creditors. Whatever balances remain after your payments or after the liquidation will be written off.


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← SeroTalk Podcast 51 – Keurig Coffee maker, $99 Audio Recorder and $4.99 iPhone GPS App
Tech Chat 71 – This Month in Access Technology; September 2010 →
An Accessibility Review of The Amazon Kindle 3
Posted on September 28, 2010 by renger
By Ricky Enger
With contributions from Serotalk Staff
The Serotalk team was quite excited to read that Amazon would be releasing the third generation of its popular Kindle EReader, and this time the device would boast several accessibility enhancements. As soon as the unit was available, we purchased one from Amazon and began the process of testing it in-house. The unit we chose had both wifi and 3G, and during our testing we used version 3.01 of the Kindle firmware and, a bit later, version 3.02. We noticed no appreciable difference between the two firmware versions in terms of accessibility improvements. In this review, we will do our best to provide an accurate picture of what blind users can expect when using the Kindle 3. In addition, with this post we aim to give feedback to the Amazon developers for creating an even better and more accessible Kindle user experience. While we will give general descriptions of how to use the Kindle in this document, we strongly recommend that you read the User's Guide if you'd like more in-depth instructions.
Using the Kindle for The First Time
If you've purchased your Kindle using your Amazon account, the unit will come already registered to you, and the name on your Amazon account will be displayed on the screen. However, it will not talk when you first turn it on. The accessibility on the Kindle consists of two features: "voice guide" and text-to-speech". The "voice guide" feature is what you will use to navigate menus and materials on the device, and there is currently no way to enable this feature without sighted help. To enable "voice guide", press the menu button which is just above the 5-way navigation control, choose settings, and turn on "voice guide". Once this feature is on, it will remain activated even when you restart your Kindle. While we're glad to see this feature included, we'd like to see a way for a blind person to turn it on independently. This could easily be done by assigning a keyboard shortcut, allowing it to be toggled at will. Other keyboard shortcuts already exist for doing things like adding bookmarks, posting to social networks and so on, and this could easily be added in a firmware update.
Acquiring Content
There are thousands of text and audio books, periodicals and blogs which can be read with your Kindle. You can transfer your personal documents, as well as Audible content and MP3 music to your device directly from your computer. The Kindle appears as a removable drive in Windows Explorer, allowing you to copy content from your computer. When you'd like to purchase new content, there are two ways for Kindle users to do this. Users can shop in the Kindle store from their computer, or directly from the device itself. Unfortunately, only one of these methods is accessible for blind users at this time. Neither the Kindle Store nor the web browser on the device is accessible. You'll need to purchase any items you'd like to read using your computer, and those items will then be delivered wirelessly to your Kindle. When searching for text content in the Kindle store, you'll want to be sure and read the description of the content you hope to purchase. The description indicates whether the content you've selected allows the use of text-to-speech or not. If you purchase content with the text-to-speech option disabled by request of the publisher, you'll be unable to read it accessibly on your device.
Navigating and Reading Content
As mentioned above, there are several types of content which can be read with the Kindle. These include, but are not limited to, books, newspapers and magazines, blogs, and Audible content. The Kindle's text-to-speech feature is used to read text content aloud using the Samantha or Tom voice from Nuance. The text-to-speech settings on the device allow you to switch between male and female voices, and you can also choose from 3 speed settings: slower, default, and faster. We found that the default speed sounded most natural for reading, and though the "faster" setting did give us the speed we were hoping for, the speech sounded choppy and uncomfortable to listen to. However, this is not a function of the device, but rather the text-to-speech engine itself.
To read a book on the Kindle, use the 5-way navigation controller to move through the content displayed on your kindle's home screen. Note that you can always push the home button from anywhere to take you to this screen. The Page-up and page-down keys can be used to move through pages on the home screen. "Voice Guide" will announce the number of pages present on the home screen, as well as the page you're currently on. Once you've found the book you'd like to read, press the center of the 5-way navigation controller. Now, the book is open, and you'll hear its title as well as a percentage indicator of where you are in the book. In order to begin reading the book though, you'll need to enable text-to-speech. Do this by pressing the text key, just to the right of the space bar, and choosing "text-to-speech": "turn on", from the menu. The book will immediately begin reading from the beginning, or from the last place you stopped. To pause or resume speech, press the space bar.
At this time, navigation within a text is not possible. You cannot use the page-up or page-down buttons to scroll through text, even if text-to-speech is paused. You also cannot move through the text using the 5-way navigation controller. When text-to-speech is off, there are numerous ways to navigate within a book. Users can press the page-up and page-down keys to scroll through text, the 5-way navigation controller for more fine-grained scrolling, or the "go to" option, accessed by pressing the menu key, to choose a chapter or section. Unfortunately, the chapters and sections are not spoken aloud by "voice guide" if you attempt to use the "go to" option, and this option does not appear at all once text-to-speech has been enabled. Also, there is no spoken feedback when scrolling through the document if text-to-speech is off, so none of these options for navigation are available to the blind user. This means that although you can read a book on the device, it is not ideal for materials such as textbooks, Bibles, or even the Kindle user's guide, where you may want to jump to specific portions of the text rather than reading it straight through.
As mentioned above, the Kindle can provide access to thousands of newspapers and magazines, and this is where the device really shines, both for the blind and sighted user. When subscribing to these types of materials, the latest issue will automatically be delivered wirelessly to your Kindle as soon as the content becomes available. As with books, you may choose the periodical you'd like to read by navigating to it from the home screen. Unlike books, however, you have a bit more control when navigating this type of content. When you've chosen the periodical you'd like to read, "voice guide" will announce the option to view sections list. Press the center of the 5-way navigation controller to do this. Here, you'll see a list of sections in the periodical which you can navigate using up or down arrows on the 5-way navigation controller. When you find a section of interest to you, press the right arrow to hear how many articles are in the section, and press the center of the navigation controller to be taken to the list of articles itself. Navigate the articles with the up and down arrows, and press the center button on the article of your choice. Unlike the home screen, where "voice guide" speaks the number of pages that the content list takes up, navigating the article list within a periodical only gives the number of articles in a particular section, but not the number of pages that the list covers. This means that if, for example, you have a section containing 12 articles and you view the list of articles in that section, you may be initially confused because you only see titles for the first two articles in the list. Pressing your page-up and page-down keys will allow you to navigate through the remainder of the articles in the list, but there is no indication of when you have reached the beginning or end of the list.
Once you've opened an article by selecting it with the center button, you'll need to turn text-to-speech on to begin reading it. Note that text-to-speech preferences for any content you read are not saved, meaning that you will need to enable text to speech for each bit of content you open, each time you open it. As previously described in the section on reading books, it is not possible to scroll through text once text-to-speech has been enabled. In addition, you cannot navigate to and activate any links present in the periodical. To be able to do this, navigation within documents while text-to-speech is on would need to be supported, and the Kindle browser itself would need to be accessible. We very much hope to see both these enhancements in a future release.
Despite these issues, we found reading periodicals on the Kindle a very pleasant experience. In fact, we found reading this type of material on the Kindle preferable to reading it in the browser. Since the interface for navigating through sections and articles was quite intuitive, and we didn't have to skip past navigation links or advertisements as we would in a browser, we were able to read periodicals very efficiently with the Kindle. We also liked the ability to clip an article whose text could later be shared with others. We couldn't clip particular passages since highlighting and selecting is not supported when text-to-speech is on, but clipping the article in its entirety was easy. This is done by selecting and opening the article, and without enabling text-to-speech, pressing the menu button and choosing "clip article".
The Kindle supports reading of Audible content which can be purchased directly from the Kindle store and downloaded over wifi, or transferred from the PC when the Kindle is connected via USB. As with other types of content, you may select the Audible book you'd like to read from the home screen. After you've pressed the center button on the 5-way navigation controller, the book opens, announcing your current position and the remaining time in the file. To play or pause, press the space bar. Once the book is playing, you can use the left and right arrows on the 5-way navigation controller to view options, which include the ability to move to beginning, move backward and forward 30 seconds, and move to previous or next section.
While we believe that an enhancement for adjusting playback speed would be a useful feature for blind and sighted users alike, there are no accessibility concerns with the current implementation of audiobook playback.
Adding Notes and Highlights
One of the best things about reading digital books on the Kindle is the ability to make notes to yourself about a section in a book, or highlight a particular passage that you find especially important. This is quite useful when viewing study guides, religious texts, or even a book club selection you're reading and discussing with others. For the sighted user, Kindle makes it possible to highlight certain passages which you can later revisit, and you can even share these passages on social networks like Twitter or Facebook. For the blind user, however, using this feature is not supported. While you can add a note to a book, and later view it accessibly with your Kindle, you cannot associate that note with a particular spot in the book. Without the ability to view the note in its proper context in the book, this feature is not at all useful at present. Additionally, linking your social network accounts with your Kindle is not accessible, so the blind user cannot participate in sharing information with others.
Searching With the Kindle
The Kindle allows you to search the materials on your device, two preloaded dictionaries, and even the Kindle store, using the built-in qwerty keyboard. We were very pleased to note that this feature is quite usable by a blind person, at least when searching through content on the device. While we would prefer an option for keys to be echoed as they are pressed, it was still possible for us to accurately type search terms without this.
There are several ways to search for content, but the easiest way we've found is to simply begin typing your word or phrase while on the home screen, and pressing the center button to submit the search query. You'll be presented with a list of content containing your search terms, and the number of times the search term occurs within each piece of content. Select the piece of content you want by navigating to it and pressing the center button, where you'll be presented with a list of passages within the content that contain your search terms. A couple of sentences of the passage are read by "voice guide", which makes it very easy to determine if you've found the passage you wanted. You can select your passage with the center key, and the content will open with the cursor positioned on the sentence in the passage containing your search terms. You'll still need to enable text-to-speech to begin reading your content.
While searching content on the device works well, we were very disappointed when searching either of the dictionaries included by default with the Kindle. Yes, we could find the terms we searched for, but neither of the dictionaries included in the device allow the use of text-to-speech. Since Amazon certainly has a say in which content is preloaded on the Kindle, it was disheartening to see that no effort was made to include a dictionary usable by blind consumers. We want to see this rectified in a future release, whether through negotiations with publishers to allow text-to-speech to be used with their books, or through selecting dictionaries which don't have text-to-speech restrictions.
The Kindle has made quite significant improvements to its accessibility since text-to-speech was first introduced on the second-generation unit. We are very hopeful that Amazon will continue its commitment to accessibility with each new firmware revision of the current hardware. As things stand, this unit makes an excellent choice for reading newspapers, magazines, blogs and audiobooks. With that said, there are some major changes which must be made before this device can truly take its rightful place in the homes and classrooms of blind consumers. While some of these changes must happen on the Kindle itself, there are broader concerns. Namely, even when the Kindle becomes fully accessible, a disturbing number of authors and publishers do not allow the use of text-to-speech with their materials. This was brought about when Amazon, under pressure from the Authors Guild, allowed authors and publishers to disable text-to-speech in their materials if they wished. In negociations with a number of disability groups, including the National Federation of The Blind, the Authors guild proposed two solutions for allowing text-to-speech to be used by the blind and print-disabled community. One suggestion was that the right to use text-to-speech should cost the consumer extra money, and this suggestion was summarily dismissed. The other proposed solution was a registration service, wherein a person would prove their print disability in order to gain access to text-to-speech in all published materials. This system was deemed burdensome by the coalition of disability groups involved in the negociations and was not implemented. We don't know if the system was rejected because of privacy concerns surrounding the need to disclose disability, concerns that certain disability groups would be excluded by the proposed system, or some combination of the two. You can read the Reading Rights Coalition's description of the issue, and the Authors Guild's response to get a better idea of the big picture. Both the items above were posted in April 2009, and sadly there have been no significant changes in the state of things since that time. With the major improvements we've already seen in the accessibility of the Kindle itself, it's more important than ever that we advocate for full accessibility to its content as well. For a start, you can sign the petition to allow everyone access to ebooks. You can contact the Authors Guild directly with your concerns. You can become involved with the Reading Rights Coalition. You can contact publishers and authors who have chosen to disable text-to-speech in their Kindle ebooks, and share in your own words how that decision affects you directly.
Regarding accessibility of the Kindle itself, here are the five essential updates we'd like to see in the next firmware release.
ü Ability to turn on Voice Guide independently.
ü Implementation of universal text-to-speech setting, eliminating the need to turn on text-to-speech for each piece of content.
ü Ability to navigate and select text within a book.
ü Ability to highlight or make notes on specific passages in a book.
ü Ability to browse the Kindle store and purchase items directly from the device.
With these changes, we strongly believe that the Kindle will become an invaluable tool in the hands of blind students everywhere, and will be equally appreciated by those who want the freedom to purchase and read a good book, no matter where they are. These changes cannot happen though without sincere and constructive feedback from the blind community. It is not enough to say we want a device to be accessible. We must be actively involved in making that accessibility take shape. Whether you choose to express your support for Amazon's accessibility efforts by purchasing the Kindle now or simply by sharing your appreciation for the progress so far, let your voice be heard. Send your feedback, suggestions, and ideas to kindle-feedback@amazon.com. Don't just wait for accessibility to happen; be an active participant in making it happen.
This entry was posted in Assistive Technology, Blindness and Low Vision and tagged Accessibility, Amazon, eBook, Kindle. Bookmark the permalink.
7 Responses to An Accessibility Review of The Amazon Kindle 3
FRASER says:
Does the text to speech read emails and web pages?
renger says:
The Kindle browser is not accessible, so web pages and the like cannot be read at this time.
Jorge Silva says:
What about accessibility for switch users? Have you tried it with the Tecla Access app?
Unfortunately, I was only able to review this unit from a blindness perspective but would certainly welcome comments from those who have experience with switches or other AT devices. Having said all that, I will make an effort to better define the perspective I'm reviewing from when I write my next articles. Though I will be writing primarily from a blind person's perspective, it's not my intention to exclude anyone. After all, accessibility certainly isn't just about blindness, and I apologize if my post comes across otherwise. Thanks for your comment.
Russ Kiehne says:
Guess what? you can use your Kindle to listen to podcasts from Serotalk!
I tested the following to make sure it still works. This is from the book
Kindle: The Mini Missing Manual:
In addition to listening to your MP3s, you can also listen to your favorite
podcasts on your Kindle.
Note: Podcasts are like portable radio programs. The broadcasters record their shows
into MP3 files that you can just download and listen to at your leisure. Usually,
you can download these straight from the broadcaster website or you can browse a
huge selection of them in the iTunes Music Store.
The vast majority of podcasts are available in MP3 format, which means they can play
on the Kindle just fine. But if you load them into the Music folder on your Kindle,
they'll play in the same way your music plays: no rewinding, no selecting tracks,
and no progress indicators. With music that might be okay, but podcasts aren't just
background music. Listening to a podcast is more like watching a TV show; you set
time aside to focus on it. The standard music player in the Kindle doesn't really
cut it.
Remember back in Chapter 4 when you read about audiobooks from Audible.com? On the
Kindle, audiobooks get this handy little interface with dedicated buttons on the
screen to control the playback of the book. This interface would work great for a
Here's the cool part: you can use the Kindle's audiobook feature with any podcast
file. It will show up in your book list just like an audiobook and will play just
like an audiobook.
The only thing you need to do is copy the file to the Documents folder instead of
the Music folder. The podcast appears in your book list ready for you to play.
If you copy a podcast file to your Documents folder instead of your Music
folder, your Kindle treats the podcast just like an audiobook.
Tip: If you really want easy access or the audiobook playback screen for a particular
song, you can give it the audiobook treatment, too. Copy it to your Documents folder
and this trick works the same for your song. But don't use this for your whole music
library because songs won't play sequentially and your songs will fill up your book
I hope the following will help new Kindle users. from the book Kindle 3 for
Dummies.
Kindle Key board Shortcuts
The Kindle is a cinch to use, and the buttons are very intuitive, Even so, a
few shortcuts make using a Kindle even more convenient and can further enhance
your reading experience.
Keyboard Shortcut What It Does
Alt+Q Types 1
Alt+W Types 2
Alt+E Types 3
Alt+R Types 4
Alt+T Types 5
Alt+Y Types 6
Alt+U Types 7
Alt+I Types 8
Alt+O Types 9
Alt+P Types 0
Alt+Del When typing, delete all the characters you typed
Alt+B Sets or removes a bookmark
Alt+Home Goes to the Kindle Store
Menu button Displays the time and available memory
Right on the 5-Way Controller Moves to next chapter (when you are within a
book). On the Home screen, pressing the right arrow on the 5-Way Controller
brings you to the information screen about the book, blog, or other content
that you are viewing.
If your Home page is sorted alphabetically by either Title or Author, press a
letter key and then press the 5-way to go to the first item starting with that
In Home, to search for a word in all your books and periodicals: Type a word,
then press Return .
Shift+Spacebar toggle Voice Guide on and off
Shift+Sym Turns on Text-to-Speech
Spacebar Pauses Text-to-Speech
Back button Turns off Text-to-Speech
Alt+spacebar Plays or stops MP3s
Alt+F Skips to the next MP3
Alt+G Refreshes the screen
Shift+Alt+M Plays Minesweeper
Shift+Alt+G Takes a screenshot of the current screen
Amazon bringing Voice Guide and Explore by Touch features to Kindle Fires for vision-impaired
users (update)
Michael Gorman
posted Dec 6th, 2012 at 6:47 PM
Amazon bringing Voice Guide and Explore by Touch features to Kindle Fires for
visionimpaired users
Amazon's been attuned to the needs of its vision-impaired customers for years,
first rolling out text-to-speech technology on its original Kindle e-reader
years ago. Today the company revealed plans to add to that feature set in its
Kindle Fire and Fire HD (7-inch) tablets with Voice Guide and Explore by
Touch technology.
Voice Guide's an improvement upon regular text-to-speech tech that reads aloud
any action performed by users — things like announcing app names and book titles
when they're selected. Explore by Touch lets folks swipe their fingers across
their Fire's display and identifies each onscreen item as their phalanges pass
over them. Once aware of what app or piece of content's being touched, a
simple tap opens the item.
Ready for the new assisted navigation experience right now? Well, all you
anxious Fire owners will have to wait, the update doesn't land until early
next year.
The good folks at Amazon reached out to let us know that the Kindle Fire HD 8.9
already has both Explore by Touch and Voice Guide.


text:
Courtesy Everett Collection
Alexis Bledel Confirms Another 'Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants' Movie
By Isis Briones
The friendship between The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants cast is just as strong IRL as it is on-screen. Alexis Bledel, America Ferrera, Amber Tamblyn, and Blake Lively consistently document their semi-regular reunions via social media, proof that their friendship didn't end the day the cameras stopped rolling.
Considering what a strong bond the series gave them, major nostalgia must kick in every time they see each other again. With all the major reboots that premiered this year — including Alexis's Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life on Netflix — it's only a matter of time until a full-on sisterhood comeback finally happens.
"We would love to do it," Alexis said on Jimmy Fallon's The Tonight Show. "They're amazing...I think it would be so much fun to and we talk about it."
Blake and Amber have both already expressed their desires for a third installment, so what more do you need?!
Alexis then went on to reveal that, "we're working on it, so we'll see if it happens." We're going to go ahead and take that as confirmation that another movie is on the way. Has your day been made? Yup, us too.
Related: 10 Times We Wanted to Join The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants Clique
KeywordsSisterhood of the Traveling PantsmoviesAlexis Bledel
Will There Be a Ginny & Georgia Season 3?
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Finn Wolfhard Accidentally Guessed the Plot to the Stranger Things Spin-Off
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On My Block Spinoff Freeridge Introduces New Group, New Curse
"So… we bought this cursed box."