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Rum Doings Episode 99D: Do I Really Have To Reformat Your Floppy?
by John Walker on Mar.01, 2012, under Rum Doings, The Rest
In Rum Doings 99D we don't discuss whether it's time we should regulate our schools and hospitals, but instead ponder the 99thness of our existence, and then turn to our tweeted questions.
Things begin with Disney cartoons of the 90s, ponder silence, and might John be a robot? Is the BBC anti-Semitic? Are Easter cards acceptable? Did we do Valentine's? Bad sugar, rotting beetles, where is Half-Life 3? Lots of other things! Can coffee be bad?
Rum Doings will be away next week, as John's off to his Kingdom of America.
We really do ask you to write a review on iTunes. It makes a massive difference, and helps other people to pay attention to the podcast. Thank you to everyone who has – we've some lovely reviews. The more that appear, the more likely iTunes is to take us more seriously. And keep on tweeting and so forth. Please – it's the only thing we ask of you. And don't forget to give us a million pounds.
Or you can listen to it right here!
[audio: http://rumdoings.jellycast.com/files/audio/rumdoings_e99d.mp3]
:podcast, rum doings
Taylor Hood
March 1st, 2012 on 15:47
Lovely static.
Nick had flowers and chocolates sent to Victoria's office for Valentine's Day….
Nicholas, you are dead to me.
Nick Mailer
They were unusual flowers and delicious chocolates. Sometimes it is wanky to be all
arch, don't you think?
March 2nd, 2012 on 03:23
Sounds like a very unique gift to me!
devlocke
Good lord. You couldn't even couch it in "considered to be" terms or anything? Half Life 2 is definitively the "best first person shooter ever made"?
Obviously, I react in this manner because I disagree. But disregarding that entirely, I find it really amusing that you make an effort to allow for multiple points of view in regards to instant vs. proper coffee, when everyone knows that instant coffee is absolutely inferior, like 30 seconds later. :)
Was Laura ever in robot wars?
I think its great to give your love one some chocolatesand wine for Valentines day. I gave my girl an easter egg. Yes i don't know why I should pay £7 for a box of chocolates when you can pretty much get an easter egg for £1.50.
Also CBT is not the only counselling method, my girl who also does counselling says its actually not that great. And likes the humanist approach.
March 3rd, 2012 on 00:15
Combine the two and get some chocolate wine. Had some Rubis over Christmas, it's absolutely superb. Tastes a bit like cherries, a bit like a very fruity red wine, and a lot like chocolate.
http://www.thewhiskyexchange.com/P-14143.aspx
Also, John, I'm assuming you know how to make cinnamon toast, but if you don't: toast a piece of bread under a grill, butter one side and liberally sprinkle with cinnamon sugar, then grill it some more. The sugar caramelises to produce the best mid-morning snack of all time.
Of course cbt isn't the only form of counselling. What a strange thing to say, after we quoted a tweet from someone else saying it had worked for them. However, it has excellent results for social anxiety disorders, and their cousin, eating disorders, so to dismiss it is pretty daft.
Nobody wants to hear dead air!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OYZ04mCGCo#t=1m49s
mister k
March 5th, 2012 on 09:37
I know, no apostophe is simply horrifying. In my defence, I usually twitter on my phone, on which it is incredibly inconvinient to insert said apostrophe. I did actualy forget there was an aporstophe in Valentine's though..
On Syria, it is astounding that we are not intervening. Given that we intervened in Libya to stop pretty much precisely what is happening in Syria from happening, this just makes us look profoundly hypocritical.
Hmm, a best of? I might look through old episodes to try and remind myself.
On Iran, Obama, who doesn't seem to have been afraid to shoot people with no due process, is opposed to bombing Iran before diplomatic measures have completely failed. I believe the issue with bombing Iran is that it might not work, and it will certainly cement the government's hold over the nation.
It's difficult to stand and point at Iran and tell them they are not allowed nuclear weaponry when we have it. Of course Iran and Britain are quite different, but when it comes to one nation admonishing the other it becomes difficult. Even ignoring our historical interventions at that level.
I wonder if your perceptions of bias in the BBC on Isreal are because you are looking for it. I know of those who are "pro" Palestinian who believe the BBC have an anti-Palestinian bias, citing the decision not to show the DEC advert on the Gaza strip, for instance.
jsut
May I suggest that next time you specify that you want *good* questions from your audient?
sinister agent
March 14th, 2012 on 00:20
You're absolutely right, but it's not surprising that we're not intervening there. We got involved in Libya because we had to get involved in one big revolution in the Middle East. For all our bullshit talk of freedom and democracy and that, sitting back and doing nothing while all those dictators crushed popular revolutions would have been devastating for our image. But we prop up most of those regimes, so can't afford to stab them in the back or the other dictators we deal with all the time would get nervous.
Libya was perfect. Massively violent, over the top bombing of civilians (as opposed to violent, but relatively limited, and above all cover action by police etc. in, say Egypt. Mubarak was a murdering shit, but he wasn't insane enough to airstrike Tahrir Square), lots of oil, and, above all, a dictator with whom we have very limited dealings. Get in, kill the guy, get some brownie points from the new Libya and tell everyone you've already done your bit for arab world, so Syria can shove it.
It is very hypocritical. But it's not so surprising at all.


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Question: Who Did Jiu Jitsu With The Mark Family?
1 Is Mark Hunt married?
2 Is Cesar Gracie a real Gracie?
3 Who is the richest MMA fighter?
4 Who is the richest Gracie?
5 Who is the toughest Gracie?
6 Why is Nick Diaz not in Nate's Korner?
7 What is Nate Diaz's nickname?
8 Who has the highest rank in BJJ?
9 Why did Helio wear a blue belt?
10 Who taught the Gracie's Jiu-Jitsu?
11 Who is the oldest Gracie?
Is Mark Hunt married?
Is Cesar Gracie a real Gracie?
Cesar Gracie is a member of the Gracie family, having been graded as a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu black belt by Carlos Gracie Senior's son, BJJ red belt Master Robson Gracie.
Who is the richest MMA fighter?
He also had endorsement deals with Reebok and Last Shot, and runs his own gym and an MMA media distribution website.
Brock Lesnar – US$25 million.
George St-Pierre – US$30 million.
Khabib Nurmagomedov – US$40 million.
Conor McGregor – US$400 million.
Who is the richest Gracie?
Who is the richest Gracie? Mixed martial arts legends, Rorion Grace, has a net worth of $50 million, making him the richest member of his family.
Who is the toughest Gracie?
Rickson Gracie is widely regarded as the greatest Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) practitioner of all time. The 9th-degree red belt (the highest level attainable) is simply the epitome of the word icon.
Why is Nick Diaz not in Nate's Korner?
With his marijuana suspension finally wrapped up and a return to the cage imminent, Diaz recently spoke out about his younger brother Nate's recent loss to Conor McGregor. Because he had not yet paid the totality of his fine following his suspension, Diaz was barred from working Nate's corner.
You might be interested: Readers ask: How To Deal With Putting Weight On K.Ees In Jiu Jitsu?
What is Nate Diaz's nickname?
Nathan Donald "Nate" Diaz (born April 16, 1985) Nate is an Professional mixed martial artist and fights in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Nate Diaz is the younger brother of former Strikeforce Welterweight Champion and WEC Welterweight Champion Nick Diaz.
Who has the highest rank in BJJ?
The 9th degree red belt is the highest rank awarded to any currently living practitioner of Brazilian jiu-jitsu. According to Renzo & Royler Gracie, in Brazilian jiu-jitsu the red belt is reserved "for those whose influence and fame takes them to the pinnacle of the art".
Why did Helio wear a blue belt?
During the nineties, Grandmaster Hélio observed that his fighting system was being misinterpreted, as a result of point jiu-jitsu tournaments. Consequently, Grandmaster Hélio opted to wear the traditional blue belt to signify his dissatisfaction and distinguish his values from those of the jiu-jitsu federation.
Who taught the Gracie's Jiu-Jitsu?
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu was developed around 1920 by Brazilian brothers Carlos, Oswaldo, Gastão Jr., George, and Hélio Gracie, after Carlos was taught traditional Kodokan judo by a travelling Japanese judoka, Mitsuyo Maeda, in 1917. Later they developed their own self-defense system named Gracie Jiu-Jitsu.
Who is the oldest Gracie?
Robson Gracie, who completed on January 16, 80 years old is now the oldest member of the family that is still alive.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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CEBP Focus Archive
Progress and Priorities
Informing Public Health Policy
D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene Polymorphisms among African-Americans and Mexican-Americans: A Lung Cancer Case-Control Study
Xifeng Wu, Karen Suchanek Hudmon, Michelle A. Detry, Robert M. Chamberlain and Margaret R. Spitz
Xifeng Wu
Karen Suchanek Hudmon
Michelle A. Detry
Robert M. Chamberlain
Margaret R. Spitz
DOI: Published October 2000
Recent research suggests that variant alleles (A1 and B1) of the DRD2 gene play a role in determining smoking status. However, no studies have evaluated these variant alleles in African-Americans and Mexican-Americans. The primary objective of this study, therefore, was to test the hypothesis that ever smokers in these ethnic groups are more likely than never smokers to have the DRD2 alleles associated with tobacco use (A1 and B1). Furthermore, because of a predicted higher prevalence of smokers in a family because of the patterns of inheritance of the genotypes associated with tobacco use, we also anticipated that individuals with these at-risk DRD2 alleles would be more likely to have a family history of smoking-related cancers. Because other inherited genetic variants may interact with smoking on cancer risk, we also hypothesized that this association might differ between cancer patients and control subjects.
PCR was used to perform genotyping on peripheral WBC DNA from 140 lung cancer patients (43 Mexican-Americans and 97 African-Americans) and 222 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched controls (111 Mexican-Americans and 111 African-Americans). A personal family history was obtained from each participant. There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of the DRD2 genotypes between cases and controls, although the frequency of the B1 genotype significantly differed by ethnicity (P = 0.002 for controls and P = 0.001 for cases). The DRD2 genotypes and smoking status showed a correlation among Mexican-American controls, although not among African-American controls. The cigarette pack-years in control subjects for the two ethnic groups combined were 30.8, 21.9, and 18.6 for the A1A1, A1A2, and A2A2 genotypes and 36.5, 20.8, and 18.5 for the B1B1, B1B2, and B2B2 genotypes, respectively. Similar trends were found for the number of cigarettes smoked per day among control subjects. From the standpoint of polymorphisms, however, there was a borderline significantly increased (3.6 times greater) frequency of smoking-related cancers among the first-degree relatives of case subjects with an A1 allele than among those without an A1 allele. There was also an elevated (1.8 times greater) frequency of smoking-related cancer among first-degree relatives of case subjects with a B1 allele compared with patients without a B1 allele, but this finding was not statistically significant. This phenomenon was not observed among control subjects. We noted a trend toward interaction of DRD2 A1 genotypes and case status for increased risk of smoking-related cancer among first-degree relatives. These findings suggest that the variant DRD2 genotypes are associated with a greater likelihood to smoke and a greater smoking intensity, as well as with a familial aggregation of smoking-related cancers. However, a large study is needed to confirm this finding.
African-Americans in the United States are at higher risk than are Caucasians of developing and dying from lung cancer (1) . At the same time, although African-American smokers are more likely to try to quit, they have a lower success rate than do Caucasian smokers (2) . Recent family, twin, and molecular genetic studies provide compelling evidence of a role for genetic factors governing such smoking behavior (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) . For example, it has been reported that the concordance rates for smoking, not smoking, and quitting are higher for monozygotic twins than for dizygotic twins. Specifically, the concordance rate for smoking in 82 pairs of identical twins reared apart was 79% (12) . In addition, a meta-analysis of data from eight studies revealed an estimated heritability rate of 60% for smoking (12) .
There is substantial evidence that nicotine is the dependence-producing component of tobacco (13) . Once delivered to the brain, nicotine exerts psychoactive effects that affect mood and cognitive function. Specifically, nicotine intake is associated with enhanced pleasure, improved task performance and memory, reduced anxiety and tension, and weight control. It also relieves the effects of nicotine withdrawal (14) . Nicotine acts through the dopamine reward pathway for its reinforcing effect. It has been hypothesized that persons with a functional deficit in the dopamine reward pathway may be more prone to drug addiction, including nicotine dependence (15) .
There are two primary families of dopamine receptors, D1 and D2, which are differentiated by their ligand specificity, central nervous system distribution, physiological actions, and their stimulatory (D1) or inhibitory (D2) effects on G-protein second-messenger systems (16) . In 1989, Grandy et al. (17) reported that the human D2 dopamine receptor gene is located on chromosome 11q. Since then, several polymorphisms on this gene have been identified. In particular, studies conducted in the early 1990s examined associations between a polymorphism in the TaqI A allele (A1 and A2) and substance abuse, including tobacco use (15 , 18) . More recently, investigators have also explored associations between the TaqI B allele (B1 and B2) and smoking (9) . D2 dopamine receptor polymorphisms have been associated with obesity (19) , neuropsychiatric disorders (20) , and substance abuse, including alcoholism (16 , 21, 22, 23) , cocaine use (24) , polysubstance use (18) , and tobacco use (9 , 15 , 25) .
Several studies have shown that the A1 allele is associated with a reduced number of dopamine binding sites in the brain (16 , 26, 27, 28) . It has been hypothesized that such persons who have a reduced dopamine D2 receptor density have a deficit in their reward system and experience an enhanced reward when exposed to dopaminergic agents, thereby making them more prone to nicotine addiction (15) . Results from a previous study in our laboratory support this hypothesis, in that persons who exhibited certain D2 polymorphisms (A1 or B1) were more likely to have ever smoked, started smoking at an earlier age, and attempted to quit fewer times compared with persons without the polymorphism (9) . Other investigators have reported that the A1 and B1 alleles are more prevalent among current and former smokers than among never smokers (15) .
No studies have evaluated these polymorphisms in minority populations. Because African-Americans suffer disproportionately higher incidences of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease, it is important that these issues be explored. The primary objective of this study of African-Americans and Mexican-Americans was to test the hypothesis that ever smokers in ethnic groups other than Caucasians are more likely than never smokers in these ethnic groups to exhibit the DRD23 alleles associated with tobacco use (A1 and B1). Furthermore, because of a predicted higher prevalence of smokers in a family attributable to the patterns of inheritance of the genotypes associated with tobacco use, we also anticipated that individuals with these at-risk DRD2 alleles would be more likely to report a family history of smoking-related cancers. Because other inherited genetic variants may interact with smoking on cancer risk, we also explored whether this association differs between cancer patients and control subjects.
Subjects.
The study population consisted of a subset derived from a case-control study of lung cancer among minority populations. The case subjects included 140 African-American or Mexican-American lung cancer patients who had newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed lung cancer. There were no age or cancer stage restrictions for inclusion. Subjects were identified through The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center and community and Veterans Affairs hospitals in Houston and San Antonio, Texas, during 1990 to 1994.
Controls.
The control group was a convenience sample accrued from community centers, churches, cancer-screening programs, and employee groups. The group consisted of 222 healthy volunteers who were frequency-matched to the cases by age (±5 years), sex, and ethnicity (2:1 for Mexican-Americans and 1:1 for African-Americans). Because we recruited Mexican-American cases from Houston, as well as from Galveston and San Antonio, we matched only very loosely on residence, i.e., (Houston/Galveston versus San Antonio). The controls were recruited from 37 community locations, of which two were prostate cancer screening programs.
Data Collection.
Epidemiological data were collected by personal interview. After informed consent was obtained, a structured interview lasting ∼45 min was conducted by trained bilingual interviewers. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, recent and prior tobacco use, other lifestyle habits, and family history of cancer. At the completion of the interview, blood was drawn into heparinized tubes for cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses.
Polymorphism Analyses.
The subjects were genotyped for the TaqI A and TaqI B sites of the DRD2 gene using methods described previously (9) . Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood sample and used as a template for the PCR. Primers 5′-CCG TCG ACC CTT CCT GAG TGT CAT CA-3′ and 5′-CCG TCG ACG GCT GGC CAA GTT GTC TA-3′ were used to amplify a 310-bp fragment spanning the polymorphic TaqI A site of the DRD2 gene. Primers 5′-GAT ACC CAC TTC AGG AAG TC-3′ and 5′-GAT GTG TAG GAA TTA GCC AGG-3′ were used to amplify a 459-bp fragment spanning the polymorphic TaqI B site of the DRD2 gene. PCR was performed in 30-μl reaction mixtures containing 1.5 mm MgCl2, 0.2 mm deoxynucleotide triphosphates, 0.5 μm primers, 1 μg of template DNA, and 1.5 units of Taq polymerase with a PCR buffer consisting of 20 mm Tris-HCl (pH 8.4) and 50 mm KCl (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN). After an initial denaturation at 94°C for 4 min, the DNA was amplified during 35 cycles of 30 s at 94°C, 30 s at 58°C, and 30 s at 72°C, followed by a final extension step of 5 min at 72°C. A portion of the PCR product (20 μl) was digested with 5 units of TaqI for 22 h at 65°C to reveal the DRD2 TaqI A polymorphism and digested with 5 units of TaqI for 5 h at 65°C to reveal the DRD2 TaqI B polymorphism. Twenty μl of the PCR digestion products were then resolved on a 3% agarose gel (5 V/cm) containing ethidium bromide. There were three DRD2 TaqI A genotypes: (a) the predominant homozygote, A2A2, indicated by two fragments, 180 and 130 bp; (b) the heterozygote, A1A2, revealed by three fragments, 310, 180, and 130 bp; and (c) the rare homozygote, A1A1, shown by the uncleaved 310-bp fragment. There were also three DRD2 TaqI B genotypes: (a) the predominant homozygote, B2B2, indicated by two fragments, 267 and 192 bp; (b) the heterozygote, B1B2, revealed by three fragments, 459, 267, and 192 bp; and (c) the rare homozygote, B1B1, shown by the uncleaved 459-bp fragment.
Measures and Statistical Analysis.
The DRD2 genotype data were merged with the interview data. Ever smokers were defined as individuals who had smoked >100 cigarettes in their lifetime. Former smokers were defined as those who had quit at least 1 year before the interview. Latency was defined as the length of time that had elapsed since the cessation of smoking. Pack-years were calculated using the average number of cigarettes smoked/day and the number of years smoked. Subjects who reported one or more cases of lung, oral cavity, pharyngeal, esophageal, pleural, cervical, urinary bladder, kidney, or head and neck cancers among first-degree relatives were coded as having a positive family history of smoking-related cancers.
Bivariate relationships were assessed using χ2 tests of independence. Fisher's exact tests were used to test independence when cell sizes were small. To adjust for relevant covariates, the relationship between genotype and a family history of cancer among first-degree relatives was computed using standard logistic regression procedures.
Study Population.
Our study population was composed of 43 Mexican-American cases, 97 African-American cases, 111 Mexican-American controls, and 111 African-American controls. Study population characteristics are presented in Table 1⇓ by ethnicity and case-control status. The two groups did not differ significantly by sex or age. Among case subjects, 88% of Mexican-Americans and 97% of African-Americans were ever smokers; of control subjects, 56% of Mexican-Americans and 65% of African-Americans were smokers (both Ps, <0.001). The mean pack-years, number of cigarettes smoked/day, and years smoked were significantly higher in cases than in controls for both ethnic groups (all Ps, <0.001).
Study participant characteristics
DRD2 Genotypes and Ethnicity.
Table 2⇓ summarizes the distribution of the DRD2 genotypes by ethnicity and case-control status. The DRD2 TaqI B genotype distribution was strongly associated with ethnicity in both cases and controls. Specifically, the common genotype (B2B2) was significantly less prevalent among Mexican-American control subjects than among African-American control subjects (42.3% compared with 66.1%). The B1 allele frequencies were 0.36 for Mexican-American control subjects and 0.19 for African-American control subjects; a similar pattern was evident in the case subjects. The TaqI A genotypes did not, however, differ significantly by ethnicity. There also were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of the TaqI A or TaqI B DRD2 genotypes between cases and controls of either ethnic group (all Ps, >0.4; data not shown). Among controls, no deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibium were detected for either the TaqI A or TaqI B genotypes.
Distribution of DRD2 TaqI A and TaqI B genotypes by ethnic group among case and control subjects
DRD2 Genotypes and Smoking Variables.
We observed significant correlations between the DRD2 genotype and various smoking-related variables among control subjects (Table 3)⇓ . Specifically, among Mexican-American controls with the A1A1 genotype, 20.0% were never smokers and 60.0% were current smokers, compared with 53.1% and 28.1%, respectively, for those with the A2A2 genotype. A similar trend was observed for Mexican-American control subjects with the B1B1 genotype (21.4%, never smokers; 64.3%, current smokers). In contrast, among Mexican-American control subjects with the B2B2 genotype, 53.7% were never smokers and 19.5% were current smokers. In Mexican-Americans, the A1 frequencies for never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers were 0.35, 0.44, and 0.50. Aχ 2 test for linear trend found increasing A1 frequency for these three groups, respectively (P = 0.06). The B1 frequencies for never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers were 0.28, 0.30, and 0.52. Theχ 2 test for linear trend showed a strong trend (P = 0.005) in increasing B1 frequency for these three groups. These patterns were not observed among African-American subjects (data not shown).
Cigarette smoking characteristic by DRD2 Taq1 A and Taq1 B genotypes among controls
As Table 3⇓ also shows, persons with the A1A1 genotype were heavier smokers (30.8 pack-years and 21.9 cigarettes per day) than were subjects with the A2A2 genotype (18.6 pack-years and 12.6 cigarettes/day). Because the pattern for amount of smoking was similar for Mexican-American and African-American controls, we present the data for the two ethnic groups combined. There was also evidence of a gene-dose effect, i.e., as the number of A1 allele copies increased, the number of pack-years and cigarettes/day reported increased correspondingly. In addition, individuals with the A1A1 genotype had started smoking at earlier mean ages (15.6 ± 5.0 years) than subjects with the A2A2 genotype (18.8 ± 6.9 years). Subjects with the B1 genotypes also showed a greater smoking intensity than those with the B2 genotype. There were no statistically significant associations between genotype and smoking-related phenotypes among case subjects, although we did observe a modest association (P < 0.10) between the A1 genotype and the mean number of cigarettes smoked/day (data not shown).
DRD2 Genotypes and Cancer Risk.
Table 4⇓ shows the associations between self-reported smoking-related cancers among first-degree relatives and the DRD2 genotypes as a function of case-control status for the two ethnic groups combined. For Mexican-Americans, there were an average of 9.0 first-degree relatives/case and 8.0 first-degree relatives/control. For African-Americans, there were an average of 8.7 first-degree relatives/case and 9.5 first-degree relatives/control. After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, and the number of first- degree relatives, case subjects with an A1 allele (A1A1 or A1A2 genotypes) proved to be 3.6 times (CI, 1.0–13.2) more likely to report a family history of smoking-related cancers among first-degree relatives than were case subjects without an A1 allele (A2A2 genotype). Specifically, of the case subjects with an A1 allele, 84.2% had a family history of smoking-related cancer in a first-degree relative compared with 15.8% of the individuals with the A2A2 genotype. In addition, case subjects with a B1 allele (B1B1 or B1B2) were 1.8 times (CI, 0.5–5.7) as likely to have a family history of smoking-related cancer than were case subjects without a B1 allele (B2B2), although the difference in the frequency was not statistically significant. Among control subjects, there was no such relationship between A1 or B1 genotypes and a family history of smoking-related cancers. We also noted a nearly significant interaction between DRD2 A1 genotypes and case/control status for increased risk of smoking-related cancer among first-degree relatives. Case individuals with the DRD2 A1A1 or A1A2 genotypes were 3.7 (CI, 0.8–16.4) times more likely to have an affected first-degree relative than other groups. In addition, case individuals with the DRD2 B1B1 or B1B2 genotypes were 2.3 (CI, 0.6–8.7) times more likely to have an affected first-degree relative than other groups (data not shown).
Associations between smoking-related cancer in first-degree relatives and DRD2 genotypes
There is a growing body of evidence implicating genetic factors as correlates of smoking behavior and of lung cancer risk, and the investigation reported here provides support for the hypothesized link between the dopamine receptor genes and smoking status in a minority population. In particular, we observed a difference in the frequency of the B1 risk allele by ethnicity for both case and control subjects, i.e., it was significantly less common among African-American controls than among Mexican-American controls; a relationship between the smoking status and genotype status for Mexican-American control sub- jects; relationships between the smoking intensity (pack-years and cigarettes smoked/day) and genotype status among controls (ethnic groups combined); and evidence that lung cancer patients of both ethnic groups with the A1 allele exhibited familial aggregation of smoking-related cancers.
To date, studies of the DRD2 genotypes and smoking primarily have focused on Caucasians. The study reported here is perhaps the first to provide insight into ethnic group-related differences in the DRD2 genotypes. Among Mexican-Americans, we observed a significant relationship between smoking status and the TaqI B genotypes; a similar, but nonsignificant, trend was apparent for the TaqI A genotypes. These findings confirm our previous observations in a study in a Caucasian population (9) . In both instances, never smokers were less likely to have the risk alleles (A1 or B1) than were current smokers. Among African-Americans, however, we observed no relationship between smoking status and the TaqI A or TaqI B genotypes. The discordant findings by smoking status in the two ethnic groups could be attributed to the relatively greater importance of contributing factors such as psychosocial, environmental, or socioeconomic determining the complex behavior of smoking. In addition, there may be ethnic differences in nicotine pharmacokinetics and metabolism. It is plausible that such factors may be more important in determining the ever-smoking status among African-Americans than are the DRD2 genotypes. Furthermore, the B1 allele seems more predictive than the A1 allele in smoking status. The frequency of B1 allele for African-Americans was less than half that for Mexican-Americans.
We also observed that among Mexican-American controls, the A1 allele frequency increased from 0.35 in never smokers to 0.44 for former smokers, and 0.50 for current smokers with aχ 2 test for linear trend P of 0.06. The B1 allele frequencies were 0.28 for never smokers, 0.30 for former smokers, and 0.52 for current smokers with aχ 2 test for linear trend P of 0.005. In African-American controls, the A1 allele frequency was 0.41 for never smokers, 0.36 for former smokers, and 0.34 for current smokers, and the B1 frequency was 0.24 for never smokers, 0.16 for former smokers, and 0.17 for current smokers. In a previously published study (9) , we identified A1 allele frequencies of 0.16 for never smokers, 0.22 for former smokers, and 0.23 for current smokers among Caucasian controls. The B1 frequencies in these Caucasian controls were 0.03, 0.15, and 0.17, respectively. The B1 allelic frequencies that we observed in the current study were two times higher among Mexican-Americans (0.38 for cases and 0.36 for controls) than among African-Americans (0.16 for cases and 0.19 for controls). This point suggests a need to determine how, and the extent to which, these allelic differences translate into ethnic differences in the effects of nicotine, both behaviorally and biologically.
It was a somewhat unexpected finding that the relationships between DRD2 and several of the smoking phenotypes were observed among controls but not among lung cancer cases. For example, smoking status was strongly related to TaqI B1 allele frequencies among Mexican-American controls but not among Mexican-American cases. It is possible that factors other than DRD2 are stronger contributors to tobacco use as well as development of lung cancer. For example, the CYP2A6 gene, which has been shown to be related to nicotine metabolism and lung cancer susceptibility (29) , may be a more influential factor for tobacco use among lung cancer patients.
There is a pressing demand for studies that elucidate the functional effects of genetic polymorphisms. For example, although there is some evidence that the presence of an A1 allele is associated with a decreased number of D2 dopamine receptors in the brain (16) , the mechanism by which the DRD2 A1 or B1 alleles increase susceptibility to tobacco use are not known. One possible mechanism is that this decreased density of receptors results in a deficiently functioning dopamine reward system, such that persons with an A1 allele experience an enhanced reward when exposed to dopaminergic agents, rendering them more vulnerable to nicotine dependence. However, until researchers can delineate the mechanisms by which genetic variants alter the biological and psychological effects of nicotine, we cannot fully understand the observed relationships between genes and smoking behavior.
This study is the first to examine the relationship between the DRD2 genotypes and a family cancer history. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that the A1 and B1 alleles are risk factors for smoking and that if these polymorphisms segregate in families, the rates of smoking-related cancers among the first-degree relatives of probands with these genotypes would be elevated. However, our results supported this hypothesis only for cases with the A1 allele. In particular, the odds of a person with an A1 allele (A1A1 or A1A2 genotypes) having a positive family history was more than three times greater than that for persons with the A2A2 genotype. Although the risk estimate is large, its confidence intervals are wide. This hypothesis therefore needs to be examined further in larger studies. We also observed a similar but smaller trend for the B1 risk allele, but the difference seen for the B1 and B2 alleles was not statistically significant, suggesting that the A1 allele is a more powerful risk factor for this phenotype than the B1 allele is. Regardless, a relationship between the DRD2 alleles and a family history of tobacco-related cancers was found only among case subjects, suggesting that a genetic susceptibility to tobacco exposure was also associated (or aggregated) with a predisposition to smoking. Among control subjects, on the other hand, persons with the dopamine receptor genes appear to be at an elevated risk for smoking, but this elevated smoking risk does not appear to translate into a familial risk of tobacco-related cancers. We also noted a nearly significant interaction between DRD2 A2 genotypes and case/control status for increased risk of smoking-related cancer among first-degree relatives. A large study is needed to confirm this finding.
The present study was limited in that it examined a narrow range of phenotypes. If we are to gain a better understanding of a genetic predisposition to tobacco use and/or nicotine dependence, investigators must examine a more comprehensive range of phenotypes, such as measures of dependence, the rate of convergence on regular smoking, biological measures of nicotine pharmacokinetics, and receptor activity. Further drawbacks in our study were that the smoking-related phenotypes were assessed retrospectively in study participants, and all data were self-reported without subsequent verification. In addition, it is possible that the validity of the self-reported data may vary between cases and controls. The potential for recall bias regarding first-degree relatives with a tobacco-related cancer should be considered when interpreting the results of our study.
There is little debate that the dopamine reward system is involved in the development of nicotine addiction and patterns of tobacco use, although other neurotransmitters and factors such as nicotine metabolism also appear to play a role. The extent to which genetic makeup modulates susceptibility to tobacco use and the development of nicotine dependence is not entirely clear. Although there does not appear to be a single gene that can serve as a predictor of smoking behavior, it is possible that if the candidate genes are examined in combination, in the form of a genetic risk profile, researchers may be able to gain a clearer picture of the extent to which genetics plays a role in tobacco use.
Even if genetics does play an important role in tobacco use and nicotine addiction, it is not likely that knowledge of genetic risk alone could lead to the development of effective tobacco prevention strategies. Smoking is a complex behavior that also results from a host of environmental and psychological factors. Future research efforts should therefore focus on an integrative approach that incorporates psychological, social, cultural, behavioral, pharmacological, and genetic influences, as well as the interactions among these factors (30) .
↵1 Supported by NIH Grant RO1 CA 55769 and by a Faculty Achievement Award from the Physician Referral Service at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (to M. R. S.).
↵2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Department of Epidemiology, Box 189, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: (713) 745-2485; Fax: (713) 792-0807; E-mail: xwu{at}notes.mdacc.tmc.edu
↵3 The abbreviations used are: DRD2, D2 dopamine receptor gene; CI, confidence interval.
Received November 18, 1999.
Revision received June 6, 2000.
Accepted July 13, 2000.
Harris R. E., Zang E. A., Anderson J. I., Wynder E. L. Race and sex differences in lung cancer risk associated with cigarette smoking. Int. J. Epidemiol., 22: 592-599, 1993.
United States Department of Health and Human Services. Tobacco use among U. S. racial/ethnic minority groups–African Americans, American Indians and Alaska natives, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1998.
Carmelli D., Swan G. E., Robinette D., Fabsitz R. Genetic influence on smoking–a study of male twins. N. Engl. J. Med., 327: 829-833, 1992.
Cheng L. S., Swan G. E., Carmelli D. A genetic analysis of smoking behavior in 1480 families. Genet. Epidemiol., 14: 521 1997.
Wang Y. F., Wang S., Sun C., Gillanders E., Freas-Lutz D., Schenkein H. A., Diehl S. R. Linkage analysis of smoking behavior and IgG2 levels in early onset periodontitis. Genet. Epidemiol., 14: 542 1997.
Pianezza M. L., Sellers E. M., Tyndale R. F. Nicotine metabolism defect reduces smoking (letter). Nature (Lond.), 393: 750 1998.
Lerman C., Caporaso N., Main D., Audrain J., Boyd N. R., Bowman E. D., Shields P. G. Depression and self-medication with nicotine: the modifying influence of the dopamine D4 receptor gene. Health Psychol., 17: 56-62, 1998.
Picciotto M. R. Common aspects of the action of nicotine and other drugs of abuse. Drug Alcohol Depend., 51: 165-172, 1998.
Spitz M. R., Shi H., Yang F., Hudmon K. S., Jiang H., Chamberlain R. M., Amos C. I., Wan Y., Cinciripini P., Hong W. K., Wu X. Case-control study of the D2 dopamine receptor gene and smoking status in lung cancer patients. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 90: 358-363, 1998.
Lerman C., Caporaso N. E., Audrain J., Main D., Bowman E. D., Lockshin B., Boyd N. R., Shields P. G. Evidence suggesting the role of specific genetic factors in cigarette smoking. Health Psychol., 18: 14-20, 1999.
Sabol S. Z., Nelson M. L., Fisher C., Gunzerath L., Brody C. L., Hu S., Sirota L. A., Marcus S. E., Greenberg B. D., Lucas F. R., IV, Benjamin J., Murphy D. L., Hamer D. H. A genetic association for cigarette smoking behavior. Health Psychol., 18: 7-13, 1999.
Kendler, K. S. The genetic epidemiology of smoking. Paper presented at the Addicted to Nicotine National Research Forum, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, July 27–28, 1998.
United States Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction. Report of the Surgeon General. DHHS Publication No. 88. Washington, DC: United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1988.
Pomerlau O. Nicotine and the central nervous system: biobehavioral effects of cigarette smoking. Am. J. Med., 93(Suppl.1A): 2s-7s, 1992.
Noble E. P., St. Jeor S. T., Ritchie T., Fitch R. J., Brunner L., Sparkes R. S. D2 dopamine receptor gene and cigarette smoking: a reward gene?. Med. Hypotheses, 42: 257-260, 1994.
Noble E. P., Blum K., Ritchie T., Montgomery A., Sheridan P. J. Allelic association of the D2 dopamine receptor gene with receptor-binding characteristics in alcoholism. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 48: 648-654, 1991.
Grandy D. K., Litt M., Allen L., Bunzow J. R., Marchionni M., Makam H., Reed L., Magenis R. E., Civelli O. The human dopamine D2 receptor gene is located on chromosome 11 at q22–q23 and identifies a TaqI RFLP. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 45: 778-785, 1989.
Smith S. S., O'Hara B. F., Persico A. M., Gorelick D. A., Newlin D. B., Vlahov D., Solomon L., Pickens R., Uhl G. R. Genetic vulnerability to drug abuse: the D2 dopamine receptor TaqI B1 restriction fragment length polymorphism appears more frequently in polysubstance abusers. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 49: 723-727, 1992.
Noble E. P., Noble R. E., Ritchie T., Syndulko K., Bohlman M. C., Noble L. A., Zang Y., Sparkes R. S., Grady D. K. D2 dopamine receptor gene and obesity. Int. J. Eating Disord., 15: 205-217, 1994.
Comings D. E., Comings B. G., Muhleman D., Dietz G., Shahbahrami B., Tast D., Knell E., Kocsis P., Baumgarten R., Kovacs B. W., Levy D. L., Smith M., Borison R. L., Evans D. D., Klein D. N., MacMurray J., Tosk J. M., Sverd J., Gysin R., Flanagan S. D. The dopamine D2 receptor locus as a modifying gene in neuropsychiatric disorders. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 266: 1793-1800, 1991.
Balldin J., Berggren U., Lindstedt G., Sundkler A. Further neuroendocrine evidence for reduced D2 dopamine receptor function in alcoholism. Drug Alcohol Depend., 32: 159-162, 1993.
Parsian A., Todd R. D., Devor E. J., O'Malley K. L., Suarez B. K., Reich R., Cloninger C. R. Alcoholism and alleles of the human D2 dopamine receptor locus: studies of association and linkage. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 48: 655-663, 1991.
Blum K., Noble E. P., Sheridan P. J., Montgomery A., Ritchie T., Jagadeeswaran P., Nogami H., Briggs A. H., Cohn J. B. Allelic associations of human dopamine D2 receptor gene in alcoholism. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 263: 2055-2060, 1990.
Noble E. P., Blum K., Khalsa M. E., Ritchie T., Montgomery A., Wood R. C., Fitch R. J., Ozkaragoz T., Sheridan P. J., Anglin M. D., Paredes A., Treiman L. J., Sparkes R. S. Allelic association of the D2 dopamine receptor gene with cocaine dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend., 33: 271-285, 1993.
Comings D. E., Ferry L., Bradshaw-Robinson S., Burchette R., Chiu C., Muhleman D. The dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene: a genetic risk factor in smoking. Pharmacogenetics, 6: 73-79, 1996.
Jonsson E. G., Nothen M. M., Grunhage F., Farde L., Nakashima Y., Propping P., Sedvall G. C. Polymorphisms in the dopamine D2 receptor gene and their relationships to striatal dopamine receptor density of healthy volunteers. Mol. Psychiatry, 4: 290-296, 1999.
Thompson, J., Thomas, N., Singlelot, A., Piggott, M., Lloyd, S., Perry, E. K., Morris, C. M., Perry, R. H., Ferrier, I. N., and Court, J. A. D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) TaqI A polymorphism: reduced dopamine D2 receptor binding in the human striatum associated with the A1 allele. Pharmacogenetics, 7: 479–484, 1997.
Pohjalainen T., Rinne J. O., Nagren K., Lekikoinen P., Anttila K., Syvalahti E. K., Hietala J. The A1 allele of the human D2 dopamine receptor gene predicts low D2 receptor availability in healthy volunteers. Mol. Psychiatry, 3: 256-260, 1998.
Miyamoto M., Umetsu Y., Dosaka-Akita H., Sawamura Y., Yokota J., Kunitoh H., Nemoto N., Sato K., Ariyoshi N., Kamataki T. CYP2A6 gene deletion reduces susceptibility to lung cancer. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 261: 658-660, 1999.
Swan G. E. Implications of genetic epidemiology for the prevention of tobacco use. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 1(Suppl.): 49s-56s, 1999.
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See also Active Shooter
SAR Awareness Training
Nationwide Suspicious Activity Reporting Initiative
SAR Training for Public Health and Health Care Partners
Nationwide SAR Initiative (NSI) Resources
SAR for Public Health and Health Care Partners Information Sheet
Hospitals & Health Networks Article March 14, 2017
This yearlong series of articles will focus on crucial lessons from hospitals that have responded to the epidemic of violence plaguing our nation. The first article is When Violence Savages Communities: Important Lessons for Hospitals.
International Association for Healthcare Security & Safety
The International Association for Healthcare Security and Safety (IAHSS) is a professional organization that educates, certifies, and serves its members and the healthcare profession with exclusive resources and benefits. IAHSS members include individuals in healthcare security, law enforcement, safety and emergency management leaders. IAHSS offers multiple levels of certifications, including the prestigious Certified Healthcare Protection Administrator (CHPA) certification.
For more information go to the IAHSS Website.
Reporting Suspicious Activities for Hospitals
The California State Threat Assessment System is an all hazards Information Sharing partnership of Federal, State and Local law enforcement agencies throughout California. The System connects Suspicious Activity Reporting and incidents that may have a possible Terrorism or Homeland Security nexus with law enforcement statewide through a network of interconnected Regional Threat Assessment Centers (RTACs) in San Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Sacramento.
These Regional Centers are directly connected to the FBI and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and provide regional analysis and assessment of events, including patterns and trends, to deter, detect and prevent terrorism in California. Additionally, the State Threat Assessment Center (STAC), also in Sacramento, is a partnership of the California Highway Patrol and the Governor's Office of Homeland Security, whose focus is statewide analysis of incidents, trends and patterns to help identify larger threats and protect key and critical infrastructure.
Suspicious Activity Reporting (SAR) programs such as "If You See Something, Say Something" are active across the country and help communities deter crime, violent incidents, and in some cases prevent terrorism. The idea is simple, but for first responders/receivers there are particular activities to look for depending on your sector.
The Nationwide SAR Initiative (NSI) recently released the new online training module "Public Health and Health Care Partners," developed to teach workers to recognize suspicious behavior associated with pre-incident terrorist activities. The training also discusses civil rights, privacy, and how and when to report suspicious activity. NSI also offers a two-page resource, Suspicious Activity Reporting Indicators and Behaviors.
This training module can easily be added to any in-house training for new employees or yearly refresher training for established personnel. The new training module joins others disciplines such as public safety telecommunications, fire/EMS, emergency management, maritime, and more. Those completing the training successfully can print a certificate.
All hospitals should know what suspicious activity is and how it should be reported. All hospitals should also know which threat assessment center they fall under and maintain contact information.
Nationwide SAR Initiative (NSI)
Cal OES State Threat Assessment Center, with links to Regional Threat Assessment Centers
View California State Threat Assessment map
Safety and Security Assessment, Planning and Training Requirements
The law requires all licensed general acute-care hospitals, acute psychiatric hospitals and specialty hospitals to conduct a security and safety assessment at least annually. The law also requires hospitals to use the assessment to develop a security plan with measures to protect personnel, patients and visitors from aggressive or violent behavior. The security and safety assessment must examine trends of aggressive or violent behavior at the facility. Hospitals must track incidents of aggressive or violent behavior as part of the quality assessment and improvement program, and for the purposes of developing a security plan to deter and manage further aggressive or violent acts of a similar nature. The plan may include, but must not be limited to, security considerations relating to all of the following:
Physical layout
Security personnel availability
Policy and training related to appropriate responses to violent acts
Efforts to cooperate with local law enforcement regarding violent acts in the facility
In developing this plan, hospitals are required to consider guidelines or standards on violence in health care facilities issued by the California Department of Public Health, the Division of Occupational Safety and Health, and the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration. As part of the security plan, hospitals are required to adopt security policies including, but not limited to, personnel training policies designed to protect personnel, patients and visitors from aggressive or violent behavior. In developing the plan and assessment, hospitals are required to consult with affected employees, including the recognized collective bargaining agent or agents, if any, and members of the hospital medical staff. This consultation may occur through hospital committees. The hospital committee responsible for developing the security plan is required to be familiar with all of the following:
Role of security in hospital operations.
Hospital organization.
Protective measures, including alarms and access control.
Handling of disturbed patients, visitors and employees.
Identification of aggressive and violent predicting factors.
Hospital safety and emergency preparedness.
Rudiments of documenting and reporting crimes, including, by way of example, not disturbing a crime scene.
Hospitals are required to have sufficient personnel to provide security pursuant to the security plan developed. Persons regularly assigned to provide security in a hospital setting are required to be trained regarding the role of security in hospital operations, including the identification of aggressive and violent predicting factors and management of violent disturbances.
Any act of assault, which results in injury or involves the use of a firearm or other dangerous weapon, against any on-duty hospital personnel are required to be reported to the local law enforcement agency within 72 hours of the incident (defined in Section 240 of the Penal Code, or battery, as defined in Section 242 of the Penal Code). Any other act of assault, against any on-duty hospital personnel, may be reported to the local law enforcement agency within 72 hours of the incident. No health facility or employee of a health facility who reports a known or suspected instance of assault or battery pursuant to this section shall be civilly or criminally liable for any report required by this section (as defined in Section 240 of the Penal Code, or battery, as defined in Section 242 of the Penal Code). Any individual knowingly interfering with or obstructing the lawful reporting process may be guilty of a misdemeanor.
All hospital employees, as well as other health care workers such as physicians and nurse practitioners, regularly assigned to the emergency department are required to receive education as provided for in the security plan developed relating to the following topics:
General safety measures.
Personal safety measures.
Assault cycle.
Aggression and violence predicting factors.
Obtaining patient history from a patient with violent behavior.
Characteristics of aggressive and violent patients and victims.
Verbal and physical maneuvers to diffuse and avoid violent behavior.
Strategies to avoid physical harm.
Restraining techniques.
Appropriate use of medications as chemical restraints.
Any resources available to employees for coping with incidents of violence, including, by way of example, critical incident stress debriefing or employee assistance programs.
Temporary personnel are also required to be oriented to the security plan.
Hospitals are encouraged to review Health and Safety Code Sections 1257.7 and 1257.8 to ensure compliance with this mandate.
Download CHA's August 23rd memo "Safety and Security Assessment, Planning and Training Requirements".
Physical Security – References and Resources
The resources available in this section provide guidance for improving the physical security of hospitals, emergency facilities and equipment.
Use of Physical Security Performance Measures (Department of Homeland Security)
Physical Security Handbook (US Geological Survey)
Response to a Suicide/Homicide Bombing Scene
This Information Bulletin contains information gained from federal, state and local public safety sources with expertise in explosives and response to explosives incidents. As with any public safety issue, local agencies must determine local policies and procedures. Note that a subsequent Information Bulletin will be issued, to include information for use when responding to a suspected bomber, if the call is received prior to an actual detonation.
Response Guidelines: Suicide/Homicide Bombing Scene
The National Health Information Sharing & Analysis Center
NH-ISAC
NH-ISAC is nationally recognized as part of the nation's healthcare and public health critical infrastructure by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Health Sector Coordinating Council, the National Council of ISACs, and the organizations that form the health sector.
With a mission to enable, foster and preserve the public trust by advancing the physical and cyber security protection of the nation's healthcare and public health critical infrastructure from threats and vulnerabilities, NH-ISAC is the health sector's coordination and communications channel supporting national healthcare and public health cybersecurity Prevention, Protection, Mitigation, Response and Recovery.
Visit the NH-ISAC website
Healthcare and Public Health Sector-Critical Infrastructure Protection
The Healthcare and Public Health Sector Critical Infrastructure Protection Program, in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Preparedness and Response, leads a unique public and private sector partnership in protecting the essential goods, services, and functions of healthcare and public health that, if destroyed or compromised, would negatively affect the Nation. The National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) provides the framework for the healthcare and public health sector protection, as well as 17 other designated critical infrastructure sectors mandated by the Homeland Security Presidential Directive -7.
Implement the NIPP sector partnership and risk management framework
Develop protective programs to protective actions to defend against, prepare for, and mitigate the consequences of a terrorist attack or other hazards
Provide guidance on sector critical infrastructure protection in line with NIPP
Measure the sector's performance toward sector protection priorities
Encourage information sharing among all sector partners
Submit an annual sector plan and an annual sector report.
Access the Healthcare and Public Health Sector-Critical Infrastructure Protection website
Suspicous Activity


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Tag Archives: Santa Claus
ARE MINNESOTANS GETTING A LUMP OF COAL FOR CHRISTMAS?
As many call a truce in political negativity for the Christmas holiday, some politicians and political wannabes wont be focusing on Santa or practicing any piety over the birth of Christ.
No,……. I am not talking about atheists.
Whatever they believe or do not believe is their business, not mine, and as long as they do not try to stifle my celebration of the holiday, their not celebrating it doesn't bother me.
That is their business, not mine.
I am referring to a group of organized political mobsters who unlike Santa are not stuffing any gifts in any stockings or under Christmas trees. No, these organized criminals are stuffing ballots and playing the role of the Grinch.
Up north, in cold and snowy Minnesota, almost seven weeks after Election Day, Minnesotans are still counting ballots.
Folks in Minnesota are not especially slow or particularly uneducated. They know how to count. Its just that every time Board of Election officials finish counting a district or town, Democrats supporting ultra, leftwing, liberal, lunatic, comedian Al Franken for the United States Senate, keep finding more ballots that election officials seem to have missed. They either misplaced them, or forgot to bring them in the counting room, or just plain didn't count some machines.
The sudden appearance of this continuous stream of ballots out of nowhere is hindering the process. It's understandable. I mean after all, once you think you finished tallying up the votes in one district and find out that incumbent Republican Senator Norm Coleman won it by 115 votes, you would assume that it was over in that district.
No not in Minnesota.
In Minnesota just as one district is done and they move on to the next, new ballots from the town that they just completed pop up, out of nowhere. Even more surprising is the fact that all of the votes that mysteriously appear happen to be for Al Franken and it just so happens that the number of newly found Franken votes is just slightly more than the plurality of votes that Coleman previously won by.
Comedian Turned Liberal Leader, Al Franken
Hmmm……that is really funny, you might even say miraculous. I mean it makes you kind of expect a burning bush to appear and communicate the final vote, which Al Franken will no doubt win.
But day after day, these miracle ballots appear. Most of them, if not all of them are found by Democrat officials. In one case 100 votes on one voting booth in a heavily Democrat town were discovered. All of the 100 votes were for Al Franken and even more odd was the fact that the time stamp on each of the 100 votes reads November 2nd, 2008.
Election Day was November 4th, 2008.
Whoa,…….. now hold on here. Now its getting spooky.
I mean this is almost as miraculous as the Virgin Mary giving birth.
Maybe this guy Franken really is special. Maybe he is the "chosen one" who will walk on water, split the waters of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior and transform mankind.
Or maybe this guy Franken is simply as freakish as Frankenstein.
The circumstances surrounding the astonishing finding of votes, that are all for him, is funny. Much more funny than any of Franken's offbeat humor and comedic routines.
I can't wait for Saturday Night Live to do a segment on this situation.
That could be a truly hysterical skit. I could just see SNL cast members portraying blind election board officials counting ballots as liberal Democrat operatives keep passing them the same ballot over and over again and declaring it for Al Franken each time.
SNL scriptwriters could have a field day writing that segment. It would really be funny. Unfortunately the reality of the situation is not funny. It is sad. Sad but true.
Liberal Democrat operatives are stuffing ballots. They are counting illegitimate votes for Al Franken that they would never consider to be legitimate for Norm Coleman if the circumstances were reversed.
But true to form, liberal hypocrisy abounds . Hypocrisy reigns supreme in liberal la la land. These are the people who try to combat discrimination by implementing forms of discrimination.
They are the people who want everyone to pay their fair share, but refuse to pay it themselves.
They sit in private jets writing press releases that denounce some for speeding up global warming by driving an S.U.V. without thinking twice about how much more damaging their flight is than any S.U.V..
Liberalism is rooted in hypocrisy. So it should not surprise anyone to know that Democrats accept a lower standard for themselves than they do for Republicans. Just like Florida in the election fiasco of 2000 when Democrats wanted a higher standard for approving vote counts in some districts than in others. In 2000 they wanted higher standards in counties that Bush won and lower standards in counties that Gore won.
Then they decided that they didn't want all disputed votes reevaluated and recounted, only some votes.
Let's face it folks. Democrats are now in control. Total control. From the White House to the U.S house and the senate.
Minnesota Republican Senator Norm Coleman
If Coleman wins this thing it will really be a miracle.
The way I see it, even if Minnesota's liberal Democrat Secretary of State certifies Norm Coleman as the winner, the Democrat led Senate may refuse to seat him. Under senate rules, that is something they can do. It happened as recently as 1974 when in New Hampshire a Republican won a close election and despite certification of that victory, by the state of New Hampshire, the U.S. Senate called for a new election.
Democrats in the House of Representatives did the same thing with a close election in Indiana. Here again the Republican won. The state certified the Republican winner but Democrats refused to seat him. They ordered a recount and the Republican won again but by an even larger margin than before. Democrats still refused to seat the Republican winner. House democrats conducted their own recount, with their own standards and declared the losing democrat, the winner.
This stuff didn't happen in the "old days". It happened during the most recent past decades. And liberals haven't changed very much in that time. If anything their hypocrisy has increased over time.
So it doesn't look good for Norm Coleman.
Even if a preponderance of legitimate votes for him overcomes a preponderance of illegitimate ballots for Franken, liberal senate leader Harry Reid and his henchmen will probably ignore it and refuse to seat Coleman.
Senate Leader Harry Reid
It may not get that far anyway. Minnesota liberals are pretty ruthless. They will probably spend Christmas falsifying any piece of paper that isn't wrapped around a Christmas gift and submit it to blind Board of Election officials who will count it as a vote for Al Franken.
You have to remember that these are the same liberal Democrats who ,six years ago, did everything they could to prevent Norm Coleman from winning the first time he ran for the Minnesota senate seat.
Back then he was running against incumbent, liberal, firebrand, Paul Wellstone.
Deceased Minnesota Senator Paul Wellstone
As popular as Wellstone was, the race between him and Coleman was tightening up. Then suddenly in a truly horrific and tragically sad turn of events, while campaigning, the plane carrying Wellstone, one of his sons and a campaign worker crashed and killed them along with the pilot of the plane.
As tragic as it was, Minnesota Democrats pulled out another corpse, Jimmy Carter's vice stooge and a former landslide-losing, Democrat nominee for President in his own right, Walter Mondale. They asked him to fill the vacancy and become the Democrat nominee for U.S. Senate in Wellstone's place. He accepted and Democrats held a nationally televised memorial service for the senator.
As sad as the the occasion was, with the body of Senator Wellstone, his son and campaign associate still warm, Minnesota liberals launched Walter Mondale's campaign to replace Wellstone in a spectacle as raucous and celebratory as the Democrat's national convention.
Filled with music and cheerleading speeches, the event only lacked the traditional balloon drop.
Walter Mondale
The blatant disrespect for Senator Wellstone and the astonishing exploitation of his death actually ended up hurting more than it helped. Even non-activist, left leaning, Minnesota voters were appalled by the political spectacle.
It wound up making history. Up till then, Walter Mondale never lost a statewide election in Minnesota. In fact even when Mondale embarrassed himself and Democrats in his landslide loss for President against Ronald Reagan, Minnesota was the only state in the union to still vote for Mondale.
Well after turning the somber funeral of a sitting senator into a boisterous campaign rally, even Minnesota rejected Walter Mondale.
Liberals in Minnesota are still feeling the sting of that debacle. Walter Mondale won't even show his face anymore and others are still bitter. That is why you can bank on their not spending this Christmas celebrating. They will spend it stealing. Stealing an election that they were not able to steal six years ago.
This Christmas, Minnesota Democrats have no visions of sugarplums dancing in their heads, they have visions of ballots falling from the heavens. Ballots that are all marked in support of Al Franken.
So tonight, don't be surprised if Santa is a little late to your house. Democrats will be forcing him to stuff ballots instead of stockings at Minnesota's State Board of Elections headquarters.
If they are successful, all that the voters of Minnesota will find in their carefully hung stockings tomorrow morning will be a couple of lumps of coal.
Just before Christmas, there was an honest politician, a kind lawyer and Santa Claus traveling in the elevator of a very posh hotel.
Just before the doors opened they all noticed a five dollar bill on the floor.
Which one picked it up??
Santa of course, the other two don't exist!
Tagged as Al Franken, anthony del pellegrino, atheists, ballots from heaven, blog network news, blogger, bnn, can't count, Christmas, Christmas jokes, Christmas miracle, Christmas stockings, coal in stockings, conservatives, defrauding the public, democrats, Democrats stealing the election, face book, finding ballots, fox, fox embeds, fox news, foxembeds, foxembeds.com, free republic, freerepublic, funny story, gather, gather.com, gretawire, gretawire.com, Harry reid, holiday, holiday jokes, hypocrites, Is Norm Coleman losing, jennifer beck, kempite, Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, liberal hypocrisy, liberals, Minnesota, Minnesota Secretary of State, Minnesota Senate Race, Minnesota State Board of Elections, miracle, mybloglog, new jersey, new jersey politics, no integrity, Norm Coleman, Paul Wellstone, piety, politic, political blog, political blogs, political humor, political jokes, political news, political punch line, politicians, politicking, politicking.com, politics, politics 24/7, politics twenty-four seven, politics24-7, punch line politics, rebuild the party, rebuildtheparty, refuse to seat the winner of the senate race in Minnesota, republican politics, republicans, rssHugger, Santa Claus, Santa Clause, Saturday Night Live, Secretary of State to certify election, senate race in Minnesota, Senator Franken, Senator Norm Coleman, SNL, stealing an election, stuffing ballots, sugar plumbs, the Great Lakes, the Grinch, the next right, town hall, townhall, townhall.com, twitter, twitter.com, u4prez, u4prez.com, visions of sugar plums, voting machines, Walter Mondale, will the senate seat Norm Coleman, wordpress, wordpress political blogs


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We're all about making trends at EGO, so step out in style with perspex wedges. Featuring faux suede and perspex heel, you'll be getting the celeb look for less! Keep your outfit minimal and let Lemonade do all of the work.


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O…M…Never Mind
Heather Koerner
"Okay," our devotion leader said. "Can anybody name any sins that they saw committed or discussed in that clip?"
He had just shown us a 5-minute clip of a popular sitcom. It took about a milli-second before the answers started coming. Fornication. Homosexual Behavior. Coveting. Cruelty. For just 5 minutes, the writers had certainly packed a punch.
"Any more?" he asked.
A few more answers popped out, though slower now.
"Anything else?" he asked. "I'm looking for something in particular."
There was silence for a good minute until someone offered, "They took the Lord's name in vain pretty often."
"That's it," he smiled. "Seven times to be exact."
I thought of that devotion while watching an ABC Nightline segment from last night's show. Nightline is currently doing a series on the Ten Commandments and last night's segment, titled "OMG! I Just Broke a Commandment!", focused on the third commandment. (Text story is here.)
Particularly, it focused on the increasing use of "OMG!" by Americans, both in text and verbal form. "They're just three letters of the alphabet …" the voiceover guy says at the beginning of the segment, "… but they deliver an awfully big idea."
The segment then goes on to show a montage of "OMG" use from sitcoms, "reality" TV shows and even as a category on the game show Jeopardy. I've even seen it as a category on my Yahoo! homepage.
"I think when people use it," said one teenage girl being interviewed, "it's more to, convey, 'That's so exciting!' or 'How cool!' and instead of saying that, they said 'OMG!' instead."
"Most teens don't think about it," said another, "they just say it."
But that "not thinking" about the significance of those letters could be the problem. When asked whether "OMG!" represented a vain use of the Lord's name, Bob Miller, an Old Testament expert at Catholic University, said:
"I seriously do think it is a problem. I think that it shows a lack of belief that God is present or that there is any sort of reverence around what it is you're actually saying. I think the fact that it has become a casual thing that is thrown around in the language is just a symptom of that and that would never have happened in earlier centuries."
But isn't "OMG" just like all the other white-washed references to God's name that we've become accustomed to or that may even sound corny to us, Nightline asked? Golly, Gee, Jiminy Cricket (JC), Gadzooks, Jeepers, Oh Gosh. Are those taking the Lord's name in vain?
I've frequently said, "Oh, Criminy" and just now looked it up on Merriam-Webster. Great.
Th teenagers in the Nightline piece seemed to try to make that case: That "OMG!" simply is an exclamation of surprise, or amazement, or delight. That it has no religious significance.
But is that true? Or do they just not realize the religious significance that it has?
To that point, something really interesting happened at the end of the segment. Referring to "OMG," the Nightline interviewer asked the panel of teenagers, "Will those letters be different to you now, because we've talked about it so much?"
Almost all the teenagers nodded their heads and agreed that, yes, it would be different. "I think I'll be more conscious of it now," one girl said.
For me, I'm not so much concerned about where exactly the "vain" line is drawn. I just want to make sure that I'm nowhere close to it and that my language and my heart both exemplify a reverence for the Lord.
Maybe I'll just stick with Winnie the Pooh. "Oh, bother" should work just fine.
Heather Koerner is a stay-at-home mom and freelance writer from Owasso, Okla.
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NextFour Dates You Can Use This Weekend


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The Electoral Process
It was the only Miss Universe rehearsal that I dressed up for.
Most days I showed up looking slovenly compared to the other girls. While they rocked black tights with five-inch heels and coordinated earrings, I showed up to the studio in the same pair of faded jeans (purchased at Winners, no less) and whatever t-shirt was on the top of the pile.
But this rehearsal was going to be different. With only three days until the show, I was making a last-ditch effort to step up my game. I wore my trusty brown ankle boots over black tights and a borrowed French Connection dress, complete with power shoulders.
My outfit wasn't the only thing that made this rehearsal different. Rather than having criticism slung at us as we stumbled through our dance routines for the 83rd time, we were finally being given a chance to practice for the interview portion of the competition.
Waiting for the rehearsal to begin, we sat in rows murmuring about what the questions would be like. As Denis, the pageant director, came into the room, everyone was still sharing horror stories of pageant contestants who somehow simply got the answer wrong.
Denis gave us one final pre-show pep talk before instructing us to write down two of the most "intelligent" questions we could think of. "And take notes," he told us, "because we'll be using the questions that you write on the night of the pageant."
I gnawed on the end of my pen as the girls around me confidently wrote down their questions. This was going to require some thought.
My first question, which I had been once asked in a job interview, was admittedly difficult. But, I rationalized, we had been instructed to write down the most intelligent questions we could think of and it was the first thing that came to mind:
1. How do you feel about mixed member proportional representation and why?
Hmm. Time to follow that up with an easier question.
2. What reforms would you like to see made to your electoral process?
Yes, that was good. It could be answered directly ("I would like to see the first past the post system abolished") or in classic vague pageant-style ("I'd like to see more youth get out and vote" or "I'd like to see voting made more accessible for students").
Happy with my questions, I handed them in.
For the next two hours, we went around the room. Denis would call on a girl, ask her to stand up, and then he would read her one of the two questions from each scrap of paper. As he read each question, everyone would furiously scribble down both the questions and the responses. The questions themselves varied quite greatly--from the typical abortion and same-sex marriage queries, to questions about Wiki Leaks and dental hygiene.
After I confidently answered my question, I sat down feeling like any chance for embarrassment had passed. I was wrong. My questions still had not been asked.
Denis called on one of the last girls and she stood. "How do you feel about mixed member proportional representation and why?" he read aloud.
A hush came over the room and then the murmurs started.
"Who would even ask that?" someone said in disbelief and others nodded in agreement. "Um, I did," I admitted, my face turning crimson.
"Okay, how about this one," Denis continued, reading my second question, "what reforms would you like to see made to your electoral process?"
Again, it was quiet. "I don't know how to answer that," the girl admitted.
"Don't worry, don't write those questions down," Denis told everyone. "We won't be using them in the pageant," he said, tossing my intelligent questions aside.
Labels: pageantry
Betsy 2:41 AM
This is amazing and so interesting! I seriously love it. Great vivid description, I really enjoyed reading this!
I'm still here.
Self-depricating? No, I'm just realistic.
How to get your girlfriend what she actually wants...
I need a home run.
Dear 16-Year-Old Me
Does Obama self-google?
April Savings: Year of the Deal


After my professional career in soccer didn't pan out – I played semi-pro for a year and wasn't invited to try out with the pro teams – I thought my athletic career was over, that was 2002.
While I was attending culinary school, I continued to run for exercise for myself and my dog and in 2006 my brother talked me into running the Music City Marathon in Nashville, TN. After completing the marathon, I wanted to race a triathlon. So the following year(after mentally and physically recovering from the marathon) I walked into a bike store to buy a bike. I was so overwhelmed at the choices, I walked out without a purchase. A couple of months later, I got up the nerve to try again, walked into a store and finally purchased a bike.
From there I started riding in group rides and learning the trade. So I would have to thank my brother for committing us to a marathon which led me to the bike. Another person that motivated me to become a professional athlete was my grandfather. He played in the NFL in the late 30′s and early 40′s, he played for the first 49ers team and played both sides of the ball. He was from Tunica, MS and made it to the pros but still had to have a second job to pay the bills. I wanted to keep the Hall tradition alive by become a professional athlete as well and I have.


JOHN'S Bucket Adventure 2019 is a once in a lifetime real adventure for many who are new to Adventure Touring. This Adventure Route groups the best roads, and remote places In Oregon Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, and Idaho with brief visits to surrounding States. Its primary focus is getting into the unseen places of Oregon with some brief side adventures into California and Nevada. This route has a remote backcountry emphasis and caters to those with a broad range of riding experience. It has a good amount of backcountry highways and many of the destinations are virtually unknown or rarely visited by others however, you will not be disappointed by these epic places hidden in this region's landscape. This Adventure gets even better as it is an opportunity for understanding the Story of God and the discovery of where we fit in that story. It is linked with our Annual "Redeemed Adventure Project" and "The Adventure of Hope." We like to think of it as an opportunity to reboot, be yourself, come alive, develop an understanding of your full purpose, get answers and clarity, share story, make really good life friends and smile till your face hurts! We believe strongly that our hearts were created for adventure and staying on that adventure with God is the best way to enjoy it! We hope you will set aside this once in a lifetime experience whether you need to reboot personally or have story share. This 23 day trip along with our 16 day Bucket Xcursion will be the primary focal points of IRR for 2019.
THIS (BXR) ROUTE IS PRIMARILY AN INTERMIDIATE LEVEL ROUTE.
It does have ample opportunities for more ADVANCED riding throughout the Xcursion along with opportunities to put your individual skills to the test.
This is a 26 Day Trip with camping and lodging. The estimated mileage is around 4,500 miles.
The cost of the registration and information of this BAR is $500. Selected Candidates for the Redeemed Adventure Project are Sponsored.
Off Hwy Training is provided IRR previous to our departure and is Highly recommended!
Day 21 Canyon Lands N.P.


Architects Herzog and de Meuron created an exceptionally beautiful olympic stadium in Beijing based on the way a bird builds its nest. They made the stadium look like they started with some random construction lines, just as a bird starts building its nest with some random twigs. It is hard to perceive any regularity in the structure of the stadium, and at the same time, it looks completely logical and beautiful, just like a bird's nest.
The organic character of the Bird's Nest is unseen in modern architecture. In modern architecture, a construction line is never random, but always follows the most logical (strongest) way to create the desired building. With the Bird's Nest stadium, the construction is not following, but leading the design. It looks like the stadium wasn't build, but just grew. The architects made the regularity almost impossible to see. I believe the Olympic Stadium of Beijing is a genuine piece of art. Written in a new language, based on existing languages of bird's nests and soccer stadiums, but translated and applied into a new context, and not to forget with a great sense of beauty.


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As the Commonwealth's road and highway system becomes more congested and municipalities continue to evaluate their traffic flow problems, the role of the traffic engineer takes on increasing significance. Equally important is the design of the Traffic Management Plan (TMP) during construction to minimize operational impacts while reducing the time of construction as much as possible.
Since its founding, Bayside has been continuously involved in traffic engineering services, providing a variety of services in such areas as traffic impact studies, design and planning of traffic signals, controls, highway-rail crossings and TMPs for construction.
Our engineers are systems oriented and employ a multi-discipline approach to our client's problems. Technical aspects are studied and careful consideration given to both traffic needs, and governmental requirements. Most traffic engineering projects are subject to public scrutiny at their onset so that affected parties may express their views that impact the development of the project.
We are particularly attuned to the safety and construction aspects of traffic problem solving. Under several continuous open-ended traffic and safety improvement contracts with the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) Traffic Section, spanning continuously from 1988 to present, we were selected to redesign more than 150 hazardous intersections for MassDOT at various locations statewide. A separate but currently important responsibility has been preparation of traffic controls during construction operations, which include temporary signals, lighting, detouring, and special signing.
Among the hundreds of traffic flow and control problems Bayside has solved, there is quite likely to be one or more very similar to that which you are facing. Our traffic engineering services experience will allow us to quickly identify and solve your traffic problems. Our engineers are available during all phases of development to apply their expertise and experience to your traffic problems.
Learn About Our Traffic Engineering Projects


There are a number of different ways you can access a copy of your most recent bill.
The quickest and easiest way to access your most recent bills is by logging in to your online account.
Your bills are available as PDFs to view, download or print whenever suits you.
If you're not ready to sign up for an online account, you can use our online form to request a copy of your bill.
You will be sent a replica of the original bill, so please bear in mind, this will not include any charges or payments made since the date of the bill.
Most bills are emailed within one hour, but please allow one working day for us to get in touch.
To protect your personal information, we'll email your bill as a password-protected attachment. You will need to enter your account number to open it.


With her 2014 solo album, The Voyager , Jenny Lewis, formerly the frontwoman of the now disbanded Rilo Kiley, proves an artist to grow into midlife with. The Voyager is also my pick for album of the year and maybe the best work Lewis has ever done.
The breezy sound of the production barely masks the gloomier contemplations contained in Lewis's lyrics throughout The Voyager. Catchy lead single "Just One of the Guys," produced by Beck, came packaged with a gender-bending music video that was much shared across the blogosphere.
It perhaps echoes the sentiments of "She's Not Me," wherein Lewis addresses a former lover, who has since moved on. The song's title lyric would deny any envy on her part toward the woman who has taken her place, yet, as the story develops, it becomes quickly apparent that any lingering regret over the failed relationship is only the narrator's own and not the former lover's.
The song and the album relate to a generation of listeners who are just now seeing their friends and former lovers all at once moving on from them, getting married and having children. As Lewis lives with her choices, she does not submit to others' standards, but neither is she immune to society's glare, nor unaffected by her own observations of the joys filling others, as they live the lives she might have.
Lewis's strength as a storyteller also shines on mid-album highlight "Late Bloomer," a coming-of-age tale, wherein a restless teenage traveler meets a "big sister" character, with whom she falls into a passionate obsession resembling love. Yet, when the trip ends and they part ways, it is the narrator who fails to keep in touch. This ultimate lack of fulfillment speaks to the void of human existence—a persistent alienation, which we can only keep at bay through finite companionship (or resolve by starting families, so society would have us believe).
Even as Lewis looks back, she is finally resigned to the one-way momentum of life. While peers move forward with their lives, this is also, for many, the age at which one must begin to seriously confront the mortality of their parents' generation, as Lewis did, when her father passed away during the period since her last album. Death and loss consequently figure into The Voyager's existential themes, as we consider those departed to put into perspective where we ourselves are on this journey.
Thus does Lewis bookend her album with its most poignant tracks. Opener "Head Underwater" is a wrenching and incisive reflection on the lives she has led up to this point. Again, it balances an upbeat sound against lyrics that, on closer inspection, are quite dark and haunting. She is at a loss to discern from her own experiences where she was ever headed, but she is determined to march forward anyway. There is uncertainty but also wonder. Closing things on that note is the cosmic title track, "The Voyager," one of the most heartbreakingly beautiful songs of the year.
Jenny Lewis will be playing in San Diego on Saturday, October 25, 2014 at the House of Blues.


The National Executive for 2019 and 2020 are elected at Annual Conference.
This year, the National Executive elections will be held electronically. Please ensure you have a device which can access the internet and have it charged for this session.
While initially standing, Colin Tarr has advised that he has won a new position and therefore will not be available to stand for National Executive.
The election process of the National Executive is set out in Section 26 of the Rules of the New Zealand Educational Institute Te Riu Roa Incorporated as amended by the Institute's Annual Meeting – 1st October 2017.
Elections from among the nominated candidates will be held at the Institute's annual meeting.
in the event of a tie, the National Secretary will draw a lot.
The election ballot will be taken of all those entitled to attend, speak and vote at annual and special meetings (see section 52.1). The National President will appoint the scrutineers for the ballot. Each candidate is also entitled to appoint a scrutineer.
This year, the National Executive elections at Annual Conference will be held electronically. You will need an internet capable device to vote, or use one of the voting stations if you don't have a device.
The National Executive Elections are scheduled to begin at 4.00 pm on Tuesday afternoon.


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Moving Image✖[remove]135
Dapena, Jesus25
See Other Contributors8
McRobbie Family6
Knudsen5
Sealtest4
more Main contributor »
Television commercials46
Educational34
Instructional7
IU Audio-Visual Center21
IUL Moving Image Archive12
Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational Corporation11
IUL Moving Image Archive✖[remove]135
« Previous | 41 - 60 of 135 | Next »
41. Foremost "Big Dip" (01:02)
An advertisement for Big Dip "ice milk" in which an animated man tells an ice cream scoop about the product and the scoop creates a sculpture of the Eifell Tower out of the ice milk.
42. French influences in North America (10:43)
Explains how the French Empire left an influence upon the culture of this continent from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the mouth of the Mississippi. A boy and his sister are shown observing these influences in their home town. Historical locations from Quebec, to former forts and trading posts in the Middle West, down to the bayous of Louisiana are depicted. Scenes of early French settlements and explorations are also included.
43. Fur trapper of the north (11:13)
Ralph Bryenton, W. J. Hamilton, Jr.
Portrays the rugged life of the fur trapper in the northern wilds. Shows his summer and early autumn preparations; the beginning of trapping in late autumn, continuing through the dead of winter; and the return of spring, the break-up of ice, the end of trapping, the distribution of the pelts.
44. General Electric "Men Helping Man" (01:03)
An advertisement for General Electric garbage disposals in which an offscreen male narrator describes the disease risk from common houseflies and how the town of Jasper, Indiana eradicated most of their flies through reforming garbage collection and installing GE kitchen disposals. Close-ups of flies and footage of Jasper accompany the narration. Submitted for the Clio Awards.
An advertisement for General Electric in which actor and Native American chief Dan George talks about the significance of Lake Tahoe to his people. An offscreen male narrator discusses how General Electric's sewage treatment systems allow Lake Tahoe to remain one of the cleanest lakes in the world. Submitted for the Clio Awards.
46. General Motors "GM Is Doing It" (01:01)
An advertisement for General Motors in which a male narrator describes the company's initiative in designing a windshield that can withstand the impact of stones. Two test drives, first with a regular windshield and the second with GM's more damage-resistant windshield, are demonstrated, and the narrator argues that the new windshields are further proof that GM cares about keeping consumer repair costs down. Submitted for the Clio Awards.
47. Glass Container Manufacturers Institute "Make Love, Not Litter" (01:00)
Glass Container Manufacturers Institute
A public service announcement from the Glass Container Manufacturers Institute in which a young man and woman leave various forms of litter around a city as they have fun on a date. An offscreen male narrator implores the viewer on behalf of glass manufacturers to "make love, not litter" and "keep America beautiful." Submitted for the Clio Awards.
48. Glass Container Manufacturers Institute "PSA" (01:03)
A public service announcement from the Glass Container Manufacturers Institute in which an offscreen narrator describes the steps for how recycled glass is processed and formed into new products over shots from a recycling plant and an automated bottling assembly line. The narrator tells the viewer that the bottle they used last week may form part of the future bottle they will use next week. Submitted for the Clio Awards.
49. GT&E "Billboard" (02:00)
GT&E
An advertisement for General Telephone and Electronics by which a narrator describes the work of Sylvania Lighting while a rapid succession of shots play displaying various ways the products are used.
50. Headsprings in the gym (08:35)
Shows children enjoying circus clowns doing headsprings. Then analyzes the basic motions involved as slow motion photography follows the same type of exercise in a boys' gymnasium. Demonstrates the straight headstand, the angle headstand practiced with supporters, the headspring, and three headsprings in a row.
51. HJ FEB78 (08:48)
Dapena, Jesus
52. HJ TAC87 M 1 (09:13)
54. HJ TAC87 W 1 (08:47)
56. HJ USATF01 W 1 (04:05)
59. HJ USATF03 M 1 (05:09)