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Akutan Zero
The Akutan Zero is inspected by US Navy personnel on Akutan Island on July 11, 1942.
The Akutan Zero, also known as Koga's Zero and the Aleutian Zero, was a type 0 model 21 Mitsubishi A6M Zero Japanese fighter aircraft that crash-landed on Akutan Island, Alaska Territory, during World War II. It was found intact by the Americans in July 1942 and became the first flyable Zero acquired by the United States during the war.[1][2] It was repaired and flown by American test pilots. As a result of information gained from these tests, American tacticians were able to devise ways to defeat the Zero, which was the Imperial Japanese Navy's primary fighter plane throughout the war.
The Akutan Zero has been described as "a prize almost beyond value to the United States",[3] and "probably one of the greatest prizes of the Pacific War".[4] Japanese historian Masatake Okumiya stated that the acquisition of the Akutan Zero "was no less serious" than the Japanese defeat at the Battle of Midway, and that it "did much to hasten Japan's final defeat".[5] On the other hand, John Lundstrom is among those who challenge "the contention that it took dissection of Koga's Zero to create tactics that beat the fabled airplane".
The Akutan Zero was destroyed in a training accident in 1945. Parts of it are preserved in several museums in the United States.
1 Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter
2 Petty Officer Koga's final mission
2.1 Crash
3 Recovery
5 Consequences
Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter[edit]
A Mitsubishi A6M2 "Zero" Model 21 takes off from the aircraft carrier Akagi, to attack Pearl Harbor
The Second Sino-Japanese War began in 1937. Attacks by Chinese fighter planes on Japanese bombers led the Japanese to develop the concept of fighter escorts. The limited range of the Mitsubishi A5M "Claude" fighter used to escort the bombers caused the Japanese Navy Air staff to commission the Mitsubishi A6M Zero as a long-range land- and carrier-based fighter.[6]
The Zero, which first flew in 1939, was exceedingly agile and lightweight, with maneuverability and range superior to any other fighter in the world at that time.[7] The Zero was superior to any Allied fighter it encountered for the first two years of the war.[8] To achieve this, however, Japanese engineers had traded off durability. The Zero was very lightly built; it had no armor and no self-sealing fuel tanks. According to American author Jim Rearden, "The Zero was probably the easiest fighter of any in World War II to bring down when hit ... The Japanese ... were not prepared to or weren't capable of building more advanced fighters in the numbers needed to cope with increasing numbers and quality of American fighters".[6][9] The Zero was the primary Japanese Navy fighter throughout the war. During the war, the Japanese manufactured roughly 10,500 Zeros.[10]
In 1940 Claire Lee Chennault, leader of the Flying Tigers, wrote a report on the Zero's performance. However, United States Department of War analysts rejected it as "arrant nonsense" and concluded the performance attributed to the Zero was an aerodynamic impossibility.[11] According to American flying ace William N. Leonard, "In these early encounters and on our own we were learning the folly of dogfighting with the Zero".[12]
Nine Zeros were shot down during the attack on Pearl Harbor.[13] From these wrecks, the Allies learned that the Zero lacked armor and self-sealing fuel tanks, but little else about its capabilities.[14] The Zero's flight performance characteristics—crucial to devising tactics and machinery to combat it—remained a mystery.
Prior to recovery of the Akutan Zero, technical information from three other downed Zeros was available to the Allies. One Zero (serial number 5349), piloted by Hajime Toyoshima, crashed on Melville Island in Australia following the bombing of Darwin. The Zero was heavily damaged, and Toyoshima became Australia's first Japanese prisoner of the Pacific war. Another Zero, piloted by Yoshimitsu Maeda, crashed near Cape Rodney, New Guinea. The team sent to recover the plane erred when they chopped off the wings, severing the wing spars and rendering the hulk unflyable.[15] The third came from China, where Gerhard Neumann was able to reconstruct a working Zero.[2] He used a partly intact Zero (serial number 3372) that had landed in Chinese territory, repaired with salvaged pieces from other downed Zeros. However, bad conditions and the long delivery time from China prevented Neumann's Zero from reaching the United States for testing until after the recovery of the Akutan Zero.[16]
Petty Officer Koga's final mission[edit]
Tadayoshi Koga (September 10, 1922 – June 4, 1942) was the pilot of the Akutan Zero.
In June 1942, as part of the Japanese Midway operation, the Japanese attacked the Aleutian islands, off the south coast of Alaska. A Japanese task force led by Admiral Kakuji Kakuta bombed Dutch Harbor on Unalaska Island twice, once on June 3 and again the following day.
Tadayoshi Koga, a 19-year-old flight petty officer first class, was launched from the Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō as part of the June 4 raid. Koga was part of a three-plane section; his wingmen were Chief Petty Officer Makoto Endo and Petty Officer Tsuguo Shikada. Koga and his comrades attacked Dutch Harbor, shooting down an American PBY-5A Catalina flying boat piloted by Bud Mitchell and strafing its survivors in the water, killing Mitchell and all six of his crewmen. In the process, Koga's plane (serial number 4593) was damaged by small arms fire.[17]
Tsuguo Shikada, one of Koga's wingmen, published an account in 1984 in which he claimed the damage to Koga's plane occurred while his section was making an attack against two American Catalinas anchored in the bay. This account omits any mention of shooting down Mitchell's PBY. Both American and Japanese records contradict his claims; there were no PBYs in the bay that day. However, his claims do match American records from the attack against Dutch Harbor the previous day (June 3). Rearden noted, "It seems likely that in the near half-century after the event Shikada's memory confused the raids of June 3 and June 4 ... It also seems likely that in his interview, Shikada employed selective memory in not mentioning shooting down Mitchell's PBY and then machine-gunning the crew on the water".[17]
It is not known who fired the shot that brought down Koga's plane, though numerous individuals have claimed credit. Photographic evidence strongly suggests it was hit by ground fire. Members of the 206th Coast Artillery Regiment, which had both 3-inch anti-aircraft guns and .50 caliber machine guns in position defending Dutch Harbor, claimed credit, in addition to claims made by United States Navy ships that were present.[18] Physical inspection of the plane revealed it was hit with small arms fire — .50 caliber bullet holes and smaller, from both above and below.[19][20]
Crash[edit]
The fatal shot severed the return oil line, and Koga's plane immediately began trailing oil. Koga reduced speed to keep the engine from seizing for as long as possible.[21]
The three Zeros flew to Akutan Island, 25 miles east of Dutch Harbor, which had been designated for emergency landings. Waiting near the island was a Japanese submarine assigned to pick up downed pilots. At Akutan, the three Zeros circled a grassy flat half a mile inland from Broad Bight. Shikada thought the ground was firm beneath the grass, but in his second pass he noticed water glistening. He suddenly realized Koga should make a belly landing. But by then Koga had lowered his landing gear and was almost down.[22]
The plane's landing gear mired in the water and mud, causing the plane to flip upside down and skid to a stop. Although the aircraft survived the landing nearly intact, Petty Officer Koga died instantly on impact, probably from a broken neck or a blunt-force blow to his head. Koga's wingmen, circling above, had orders to destroy any Zeros that crash-landed in enemy territory, but as they did not know if Koga was still alive, they could not bring themselves to strafe his plane. They decided to leave without firing on it. The Japanese submarine stationed off Akutan Island to pick up pilots searched for Koga in vain before being driven off by the destroyer USS Williamson.[22]
Location of Akutan in Alaska
The Zero trailing oil over Dutch Harbor, moments after being hit.
Recovery[edit]
Pilot Bill Thies (left) in front of his Catalina that discovered the Akutan Zero.
The crash site, which was out of sight of standard flight lanes and not visible by ship, remained undetected and undisturbed for over a month. On July 10, 1942, an American PBY Catalina piloted by Lieutenant William "Bill" Thies spotted the wreckage. Thies's Catalina had been patrolling by dead reckoning and had become lost. On spotting the Shumagin Islands, he reoriented his plane and began to return to Dutch Harbor by the most direct course—over Akutan Island. Machinist Mate Albert Knack, who was the plane captain (note: the term "plane captain" in US Navy usage refers to an aircraft's assigned maintenance crew chief, not the pilot-in-command), spotted Koga's wreck. Thies's plane circled the crash site for several minutes, noted its position on the map, and returned to Dutch Harbor to report it. Thies persuaded his commanding officer, Paul Foley, to let him return with a salvage team. The next day (July 11), the team flew out to inspect the wreck. Navy photographer's mate Arthur W. Bauman took pictures as they worked.[23]
Thies's team extracted Koga's body from the plane by having Knack (the smallest crew member) crawl up inside the plane and cut his safety harness with a knife. They searched it for anything with intelligence value, and buried Koga in a shallow grave near the crash site. Thies returned with his team to Dutch Harbor, where he reported the plane as salvageable. The next day (July 12), a salvage team under Lieutenant Robert Kirmse was dispatched to Akutan. This team gave Koga a Christian burial in a nearby knoll and set about recovering the plane, but the lack of heavy equipment (which they had been unable to unload after the delivery ship lost two anchors) meant their efforts failed. On July 15, a third recovery team was dispatched. This time, with proper heavy equipment, the team was able to free the Zero from the mud and hauled it overland to a nearby barge, without further damaging it. The Zero was taken to Dutch Harbor, turned right-side up, and cleaned.[24]
Loading of Akutan Zero on barge.
The Akutan Zero was loaded into the USS St. Mihiel and transported to Seattle, arriving on August 1. From there, it was transported by barge to Naval Air Station North Island near San Diego where repairs were carefully carried out. These repairs "consisted mostly of straightening the vertical stabilizer, rudder, wing tips, flaps, and canopy. The sheared-off landing struts needed more extensive work. The three-blade Sumitomo propeller was dressed and re-used."[25] The Zero's red Hinomaru roundel was repainted with the American blue circle-white star insignia. The whole time, the plane was kept under 24-hour military police guard in order to deter would-be souvenir hunters from damaging the plane. The Zero was fit to fly again on September 20.[26]
Analysis[edit]
Eddie Sanders taxiing the plane after its first test flight, September 20, 1942
Data from the captured Zero had been transmitted to the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) and Grumman Aircraft. After careful study, Roy Grumman decided that he could match or surpass the Zero in most respects, except in range, without sacrificing pilot armor, self-sealing tanks and fuselage structure. The new F6F Hellcat would compensate for the extra weight with additional power.[27][28]
On September 20, 1942, two months after the Zero's capture, Lieutenant Commander Eddie R. Sanders took the Akutan Zero up for its first test flight. He made 24 test flights between September 20 and October 15. According to Sanders' report:
These flights covered performance tests such as we do on planes undergoing Navy tests. The very first flight exposed weaknesses of the Zero which our pilots could exploit with proper tactics ... immediately apparent was the fact that the ailerons froze up at speeds above 200 knots so that rolling maneuvers at those speeds were slow and required much force on the control stick. It rolled to the left much easier than to the right. Also, its engine cut out under negative acceleration due to its float-type carburetor. We now had the answer for our pilots who were being outmaneuvered and unable to escape a pursuing Zero: Go into a vertical power dive, using negative acceleration if possible to open the range while the Zero's engine was stopped by the acceleration. At about 200 knots, roll hard right before the Zero pilot could get his sights lined up.[29]
The Zero while temporarily at the Langley Research Center, just after its wind-tunnel tests, March 8th, 1943[30]
In early 1943, the Zero was transferred from Naval Air Station North Island to Anacostia Naval Air Station. The Navy wished to make use of the expertise of the NACA Langley Research Center in flight instrumentation, and it was flown to Langley on March 5, 1943 for the installation of the instrumentation. While there, it underwent aerodynamic tests in the Full-Scale Wind Tunnel under conditions of strict secrecy. This work included wake surveys to determine the drag of aircraft components; tunnel scale measurements of lift, drag, control effectiveness; and sideslip tests.[30]
After its return to the Navy, it was flight tested by Frederick M. Trapnell, the Anacostia Naval Air Station director of flight testing. He flew the Akutan Zero in performance while Sanders simultaneously flew American planes performing identical maneuvers, simulating aerial combat. Following these, USN test pilot Lieutenant Melvin C. "Boogey" Hoffman conducted more dogfighting tests between himself flying the Akutan Zero and recently commissioned USN pilots flying newer Navy aircraft.
Later in 1943, the aircraft was displayed at Washington National Airport as a war prize.[31] In 1944, it was recalled to North Island for use as a training plane for rookie pilots being sent to the Pacific. A model 52 Zero, captured during the liberation of Guam, was later used as well.[32]
Data and conclusions from these tests were published in Informational Intelligence Summary 59, Technical Aviation Intelligence Brief #3, Tactical and Technical Trends #5 (published prior to the first test flight), and Informational Intelligence Summary 85. These results tend to somewhat understate the Zero's capabilities.[33]
Consequences[edit]
Data from the captured aircraft were submitted to the BuAer and Grumman for study in 1942.[28] The U.S. carrier-borne fighter plane that succeeded the Grumman F4F Wildcat,[5][34] the F6F, was tested in its first experimental mode as the XF6F-1 prototype with an under-powered Wright R-2600 Twin Cyclone 14-cylinder, two-row radial engine on 26 June 1942.[35][36] Shortly before the XF6F-1's first flight, and based on combat accounts of encounters between the F4F Wildcat and A6M Zero, on 26 April 1942, BuAer directed Grumman to install the more powerful 18-cylinder Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp radial engine — already powering Chance Vought's Corsair design since its beginnings in 1940 — in the second XF6F-1 prototype.[37] Grumman complied by redesigning and strengthening the F6F airframe to incorporate the 2,000 hp (1,500 kW) R-2800-10 engine, driving a three-bladed Hamilton Standard propeller. With this combination Grumman estimated the XF6F-3's performance would increase by 25% over that of the XF6F-1.[38] This first Double Wasp-equipped Hellcat airframe, bearing BuAer serial number 02982, first flew on 30 July 1942. The F6F-3 subtype had been designed with specific "Wildcat vs Zero" input from Battle of the Coral Sea and Battle of Midway veteran F4F pilots such as Jim Flatley and Jimmy Thach, respectively, among several others, obtained during a meeting with Grumman Vice President Jake Swirbul at Pearl Harbor on 23 June 1942, with the first production F6F-3 making its first flight just over three months later, on October 3, 1942.[36][39][40][41] While the captured Zero's tests did not drastically influence the Hellcat's design,[42] they did give knowledge of the Zero's handling characteristics, including its limitations in rolling right and diving.[43] That information, together with the improved capabilities of the Hellcat, were credited with helping American pilots "tip the balance in the Pacific".[34] American aces Kenneth A. Walsh and R. Robert Porter, among others, credited tactics derived from this knowledge with saving their lives.[43] James Sargent Russell, who commanded the PBY Catalina squadron that discovered the Zero and later rose to the rank of admiral, noted that Koga's Zero was "of tremendous historical significance." William N. Leonard concurred, describing it thus: "The captured Zero was a treasure. To my knowledge, no other captured machine has ever unlocked so many secrets at a time when the need was so great."[44]
Some historians dispute the degree to which the Akutan Zero influenced the outcome of the air war in the Pacific. For example, the Thach Weave, a tactic created by John Thach and used with great success by American airmen against the Zero, was devised by Thach prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor, based on intelligence reports on the Zero's performance in China.[45]
The ashes of Tadayoshi Koga are probably interred in Chidorigafuchi National Cemetery.
The capture and flight tests of Koga's Zero is usually described as a tremendous coup for the Allies as it revealed the secrets of that mysterious aircraft and led directly to its downfall. According to this viewpoint, only then did Allied pilots learn how to deal with their nimble opponents. The Japanese could not agree more ... Yet those naval pilots who fought the Zero at Coral Sea, Midway, and Guadalcanal without the benefit of test reports would beg to differ with the contention that it took dissection of Koga's Zero to create tactics that beat the fabled airplane. To them the Zero did not long remain a mystery plane. Word quickly circulated among the combat pilots as to its particular attributes. Indeed on 6 October while testing the Zero, Akutan Zero test pilot Frederick M. Trapnell made a highly revealing statement: 'The general impression of the airplane is exactly as originally created by intelligence—including the performance'.[46]
However, nine wrecked Mitsubishi A6M Zeros were recovered from Pearl Harbor shortly after the attack in December 1941, and United States Office of Naval Intelligence, along with BuAer had them studied, and then shipped to the Experimental Engineering Department at Dayton, Ohio in 1942. It was noted that the experimental Grumman XF6F-1s then under-going testing in June 1942 and the Zero had "wings integrated with the fuselage,"[47] a design feature not normally practiced in American aircraft production at that time.
The Akutan Zero was destroyed during a training accident in February 1945. While the Zero was taxiing for a take-off, a Curtiss SB2C Helldiver lost control and rammed into it. The Helldiver's propeller sliced the Zero into pieces. From the wreckage, William N. Leonard salvaged several gauges, which he donated to the National Museum of the United States Navy. The Alaska Heritage Museum and the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum also have small pieces of the Zero.[48] American author Jim Rearden led a search on Akutan in 1988 in an attempt to repatriate Koga's body. He located Koga's grave, but found it empty. Rearden and Japanese businessman Minoru Kawamoto conducted a records search. They found that Koga's body had been exhumed by an American Graves Registration Service team in 1947, and re-buried on Adak Island, further down the Aleutian chain. The team, unaware of Koga's identity, marked his body as unidentified. The Adak cemetery was excavated in 1953, and 236 bodies were returned to Japan. The body buried next to Koga (Shigeyoshi Shindo) was one of 13 identified; the remaining 223 unidentified remains were cremated and interred in Chidorigafuchi National Cemetery in Japan. It is probable that Koga was one of them.[49] Rearden later wrote the definitive account of the Akutan Zero.
^ Rearden, Enemy.
^ a b James F. Lansdale (1999). "War Prize: The Capture of the First Japanese Zero Fighter in 1941". Archived from the original on 2010-01-17. Retrieved 2014-08-13.
^ Rearden, Fighter, x.
^ Larry Dwyer (2003). "Mitsubishi A6M Zero-Sen – Japan". The Aviation History On-Line Museum. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
^ a b Okumiya, 160–163
^ a b Rearden, Fighter, 1–3.
^ Oxford guide, "Fighters" entry, pages 278–279. The Zero's supremacy in flight range is given in table 2, sourced to W. Green, Warplanes of the Second World War, 1961. Maneuverability is described as "excellent ... Of the early Allied fighters, only the F4F Wildcat could oppose it on anything like equal terms".
^ Oxford Guide, "Air power" entry, page 17. "It was largely thanks to these blows, and the superiority of the Japanese Navy's Zero fighter to anything that it was to meet for two years to come, that the Japanese were able to sweep through the ill-defended British and Dutch possessions in South-East Asia without the Allies being able to interrupt their communications".
^ Rearden, Fighter, 10.
^ Bergerud, 205
^ Handel, 139.
^ "Lemelson-MIT program – Inventor of the Week Archive profile of Gerhard Neumann". MIT. 1998. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
^ WILLIWAW WAR: The Arkansas National Guard in the Aleutians in World War II by Donald Goldstein and Katherine V. Dillon, March 1992, University of Arkansas Press, page 188. See Also, NEVER GIVE UP! A HISTORY OF THE 206TH COAST ARTILLERY (ANTI-AIRCRAFT) REGIMENT OF THE ARKANSAS NATIONAL GUARD IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR by William E. Maxwell, Jr. March 1992
^ Rearden, Fighter, 56
^ Rearden, Fighter, 67–68.
^ Rearden, Fighter, 61–2.
^ Rearden, Fighter, 72. Appendix II contains an exhaustive list of repairs.
^ Ewing (Thach Weave) p.84
^ a b Thruelsen p. 178
^ a b Chambers, Joseph R (2014). Cave of the Winds: the remarkable history of the Langley full-scale wind tunnel. pp. 151–152. ISBN 9781626830165. OCLC 871536711.
^ Nicholas, William H.; Edwards, Walter Meayers (September 1943). "Wartime Washington". National Geographic.
^ Richard L. Dunn (2004). "Zero Model 21: unraveling the performance data (part 1)". Retrieved 2008-12-09.
^ a b Degan, Flattop, 103.
^ Francillon p. 198
^ a b O'Leary, 67–74.
^ Ewing and Lundstrom 2004, pp. 155, 156.
^ Sullivan 1979, p. 4.
^ Ewing (Thach Weave) p. 86, 182, 308
^ Ewing (Reaper Leader) 172, 106
^ Thruelsen p. 166
^ Lundstrom, 535.
^ Ewing 2004 p. 102
Bergerud, Eric M. Fire in the Sky: The Air War in the South Pacific. Westview Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8133-3869-7.
Handel, Michael I. War, Strategy, and Intelligence. Routledge, 1989. ISBN 0-7146-3311-9.
Ewing, Steve (2002). Reaper Leader, The Life of Jimmy Flatley. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-205-6.
Ewing, Steve (2004). Thach Weave, The Life of Jimmie Thach. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-248-2.
Francillon, Rene J. (1989). Grumman Aircraft Since 1929. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-246-X.
Lundstrom, John B. The First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign: Naval Fighter Combat from August to November 1942. Naval Institute Press, 2005. ISBN 1-59114-472-8.
Okumiya, Masatake, Jiro Horikoshi, and Martin Caidin. Zero! New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1956.
O'Leary, Michael. United States Naval Fighters of World War II in Action. Poole, Dorset, UK: Blandford Press, 1980. ISBN 0-7137-0956-1.
The Oxford Companion to World War II. Edited by I.C.B. Dear. Oxford University Press, 1995. ISBN 978-0-19-534096-9.
Rearden, Jim. Koga's Zero: The Fighter That Changed World War II. ISBN 0-929521-56-0, second edition. Missoula, Montana: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, 1995. Originally published as Cracking the Zero Mystery: How the U.S. Learned to Beat Japan's Vaunted WWII Fighter Plane. ISBN 978-0-8117-2235-3.
Rearden, Jim. Koga's Zero—An Enemy Plane That Saved American Lives. Invention and Technology Magazine. Volume 13, Issue 2, Fall 1997. Retrieved on 2008-12-09.
Degan, Patrick Flattop Fighting in World War II. McFarland, 2003. ISBN 978-0-7864-1451-2.
Thruelsen, Richard (1976). The Grumman Story. Praeger Publishers, ISBN 0-275-54260-2.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Akutan Zero.
The New Mitsubishi-Nagoya Zero Fighter
Informational Intelligence Summary No. 85
Bill Thies's website
Zeros over China, 1941–1942. Ben Schapiro. The Warbird's Forum, May 2008—An article describing the capture and repair of Gerhard Neumann's Zero in China in 1941.
War Prize: The Capture Of The First Japanese Zero Fighter In 1941. James F. Lansdale. j-aircraft.com, December 3, 1999. A second article describing the capture and repair of Gerhard Neumann's Zero.
Article on Yoshimitsu Maeda's crashed Zero
Lone Sentry's "Akutan Zero" report, from U.S. Military Intelligence Service, first published August 13, 1942
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akutan_Zero&oldid=905269500"
Individual aircraft of World War II
Aleutian Islands Campaign
20th-century aircraft shootdown incidents


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Tiger Woods has reason for optimism after finishing 8 under at Hero World Challenge
Steve DiMeglio
NASSAU, Bahamas — There are no issues with his surgically repaired back.
No issues with his swing speed.
No issues with his power.
Nope, after a 72-hole romp around Albany Golf Course, there remain few issues for Tiger Woods, few questions as he heads into the new year. In his first competitive action in 10 months, and coming just seven months following spinal fusion surgery, Woods provided plenty of blasts from the past and upbeat glimpses into his future inside the ropes.
With a 4-under-par 68 on Sunday, Woods finished the Hero World Challenge at 8 under and in a tie for ninth in the 18-man field that lured eight of the top 10 players in the world. Despite finishing 10 shots behind winner Rickie Fowler, who closed with a course-record 61, Woods was beaming after signing for rounds of 69-68-75-68 on this island paradise.
"I'm excited," said Woods, who was followed the entire round by his two kids and world No. 1 Rafa Nadal. "This is the way I've been playing at home and when I came out here and played, I was playing very similar to this. Not quite hitting it as far, but I had the adrenaline going and overall I'm very pleased."
More:Tiger Tracker: Woods shoots 68 in final round
More:Out-of-sync Tiger Woods loses ground at Hero World Challenge
Unlike last year's aborted comeback that also began here at Albany, Woods is healthier this time around. There was no hesitation at all when he had to go after a shot from an awkward lie, no hesitation when he dialed up his ball speed past 180 mph. This time was different.
"I'm excited the way this week has gone on. With not only the competitive rounds but also all the functions at night. I still got my training in. It was a very good week," said Woods, who finished with 17 birdies, two eagles, 11 bogeys and one double-bogey. "I really drove it well and I really putted well. I know I had one day where I didn't have the speed on the greens, but I hit a lot of good putts this week."
He's excited going forward, too. Woods will sit down with his team to decide where and when he'll play in 2018. If history provides an indication, he will tee it up in the Farmers Insurance Open at Torrey Pines in San Diego the last week of January. His last major triumph – the 2008 U.S. Open – was at Torrey Pines and he's won the Farmers on seven occasions. In the meantime, he'll continue to work in the gym and at the Medalist Golf Club in Florida.
And Woods wasn't the only one excited about how the week unfolded.
"He's obviously a lot more upbeat, a lot more positive, a lot healthier than he was last year at this time," said Justin Thomas, the reigning PGA Tour player of the year who was paired with Woods in the first and final rounds. "He's got a lot of energy. It's just so weird to say that you're excited for somebody else's year, but it will be a fun year and I hope we duel it out a lot this upcoming year. ... Obviously we want to be able to play against him and battle down the stretch with him. I mean, that's the person that I was making putts on the putting green when I was 6, 7, 8 years old pretending to beat."
The man that walked every step with Woods this week was excited, too.
"Lots of positives," said Woods' caddie, Joe LaCava. "Drove it very well, got his speed back, was hitting the ball for the most part where he was looking, was hitting it both ways. And he's hitting it out with the young boys.
"He's driving it 315ish off the tee, which makes life easier. You are always expecting good things, and I had a little advantage seeing him twice in the last month, so I knew it was getting better and getting closer. But I didn't think it was going to be quite as good as it is at the moment."
And LaCava didn't hesitate when asked if Woods could win in 2018.
"Of course," he said. "And that's coming more from a health standpoint. And he has the equipment dialed in. We're much more optimistic going forward than we were last year."
So is Fowler, who started the final round with seven consecutive birdies, finished with 11 and won by four shots. In his only other start in the 2017-18 season, he finished second in the OHL Classic at Mayakoba. He's coming off one of his best statistical years and he'll be eyeing his first major in 2018.
He'll also keep his eye on Woods. Fowler played five rounds of golf with him in Florida the past two months. He liked what he saw and expects to see more of the same next year.
"I've gotten a little scared of how good he was playing at home, thought I needed to start playing a little bit better or something," Fowler said. "Being able to see him go out and have fun again on the golf course and just play golf, I would say a year ago we weren't sure if we were going to be able to see that. To have him back playing and being able to play the last couple months with him at home and see his potential, I thought other than yesterday, it was a lot better than I think what a lot of people were expecting."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If lying in bed watching the tent shake because an elephant is scratching itself on it, or waking up to the sound of hyena eating a saucepan appeals to you, you are probably the perfect candidate for a mobile camping safari. Not for the faint-hearted, mobile camping safaris are a "back-to-basics" way to really explore Africa.
Following the recent trend of safari camps getting ever more luxurious, we find many travellers want to escape from the cut glass, fluffy bathroom towels and butler service, and immerse themselves in the true spirit of safari.
It is very far removed from the plush tents. Back to camping on the ground, dust in your hair and proper bush around you!
Audley works closely with a number of mobile operators in southern Africa who run scheduled trips across the continent. There are a number of departure dates, thus offering flexibility to fit into your travel dates.
Trips tend to last for around ten days, and it is easy to add on more time to your holiday either at the start or end of your trip.
On a scheduled departure, the group sizes are restricted to eight people. When going from camp to camp or on game drives you will travel in a modified land cruiser with three rows of seats and open sides.
Each trip is led by a professional guide and backed up by a full camp crew.
The crew are the masters of the mobile camp, erecting tents in minutes, producing three-course meals from a kitchen under an acacia tree and heating water for bucket showers over an open fire.
They are incredible at looking after your every need from a hot chocolate outside your tent on a chilly morning to a whisky around the campfire at night.
Each night you stay in a mobile tented camp in a private campsite. At night the sound of the frogs is deafening and you often have a hippo near your tent.
While wild, the mobile camps are by no means uncomfortable. A full crew builds the camp, which consists of large dome tents with camp beds and duvets. A small bedside table provides space for your book and torch.
Basic en suite facilities are provided; a canvas basin of water, en suite bush loo and bucket shower which will be filled with hot water when you return from game drives.
A word of warning though - don't leave your sponge bag outside the tent as hyenas can be rather partial to soap and toothpaste.
If you are a family or group of four or more, it is often both cost-effective and great fun to take a private mobile safari in one of the countries in which we offer them: Botswana, Kenya, Tanzania or Zambia. The beauty of this is that you can tailor the trip exactly to your interests.
You will have a private guide and vehicle as well as a crew to erect your camp, cook and look after you. There is nothing quite like having a tiny camp on a palm island in the middle of the Okavango Delta all to yourself.


Now, calling someone out of the blue to your table is an art, one that you have to foster. In the selling business, it is called, the "hook". Some might say that this is because it's like hooking fish, but that's not a very nice way to think of your readers, so I'd rather think it is like the "hook" in a story, the thing that makes you want to read more. You might say that it's half a dozen of one and twelve of the other, but to me it makes a difference.
How do you use a "hook"?
Some people compliment a person's clothes, or something about them that they like, others have a tagline. The point of the exercise is for a complete stranger to come and talk to you. This is where the practice comes in handy. Remember: most people don't know you, and could care less about you. You have to give them a reason, and that's entirely on you.
I'm not telling you that you have to do this. Only that you should if you want to sell books.
I'll tell you though, doing it at the Byward Market is hard. You'll have success, but you mostly will have failure. The people who go there are not there to buy books. They are everybody else. But you can still sell books, because there are readers everywhere, even though they may be elusive and sparsely sprinkled. You can surprise the hidden reader with what you have, and they will thank you for it.
This summer I did the Byward Market for the second time, and I had a lady approach me after I invited her to my table, and I did my pitch, and we got to talking, and she almost started crying because she was apparently having a horrible day, and she thanked me because she thought my book would get her mind off things. This wouldn't have happened if I hadn't called her out of the blue.
The point is to try. After that, things get a lot easier.
Especially at events that are sales oriented, like stores, books sales and conventions.


Cosmetics giant Estee Lauder announced Monday it had agreed to acquire the privately held makeup brand Smashbox Beauty Cosmetics.
Analysts said trendy Smashbox, based in Los Angeles, would help bring Estee Lauder – whose brands include Bobbi Brown, La Mer, and Aveda – younger customers. Estee Lauder also said it liked Smashbox's Hollywood image (it was inspired by the needs of makeup artists working on photo shoots) and its digital and social media presence. The company – founded in 1996 by two great grandsons of legendary Hollywood makeup artist Max Factor – was among the first to post instructional videos on its website about how to achieve various makeup looks.
"We are excited to be acquiring a uniquely positioned cosmetics brand with true talent well known for engaging consumers," John Demsey, a group president at Estee Lauder, said in a statement. "Smashbox fits perfectly within our DNA."
No purchase price was given for the deal, which is expected to close in July, but Women's Wear Daily sources estimated Estee Lauder paid somewhere between $200 and $300 million. The acquisition also includes a minority stake in Smashbox Studios, the Los Angeles photo facility the Factor brothers started in 1991.
"We like the brand and its photo-studio inspired, Hollywood positioning," Lauder's president and CEO Fabrizio Freda told WWD. "Smashbox operates in a selling environment that is of big interest to us, specialty retail, where we want to continue to grow."
The acquisition will give Estee Lauder an expanded presence outside department stores, particularly in Sephora cosmetics stores and on the QVC Channel, where Smashbox ranks in the top 10 brands sold. A big chunk of Smashbox's success is seen as owed to the Factor brothers' willingness to take a chance on television sales in the late 1990s.
Smashbox will continue to operate out of its LA headquarters. BNET predicted the acquisition – if it follows the strategy of Estee Lauder's buyouts of Aveda, Stila, and MAC – "should be another textbook case of big management leaving well enough alone...The only thing different about Smashbox should be its availability — certain to grow once Lauder's resources start funding expansion."
Smashbox pulls in about $80 million in wholesale revenue and $140 million in retail sales, a source told WWD. In 2006, private-equity firm TSG Consumer Partners acquired a minority stake in the company. Smashbox is Estee Lauder's first acquisition since Leonard Lauder stepped aside in July for Freda to assume the CEO post.


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When Two Feathers Fell from the Sky by Margaret Verble
Why does Clive say that Shackleford's ...
When Two Feathers Fell from the Sky
A deliciously strange and daringly original novel from Pulitzer Prize finalist ...
Why does Clive say that Shackleford's views were "more peculiar than most" (117)? How does Shackleford consider his own views on race? Do you think that he is aware or unaware of his own racism?
Posted Oct. 18, 2021 | | |
What does Clive observe about Mr. Shackleford's views on race? Why does he say that Shackleford's views were "more peculiar than most" (117)? How does Shackleford consider his own views on race? Do you think that he is aware or unaware of his own racism?
janines
RE: Why does Clive say that Shackleford&...
For all of Shackleford's appearance of acceptance, Clive also notes that he "also thought white and black people were utterly alien to one another" as well as pointing out that Shackleford also believed the Aryan race was superior and had created all the advances in current life to them (shades of Hitler!). Shackleford represents the white supremacist who believes says in effect "I accept you black or brown person but only if you meet my requirements and live as I say you should." Shackleford like others who believe in "white makes right" don't question or see any fallacy in their thinking. This lack of insight is distressing.
gerrieb
I agree with janines. I think Clive sees Shackleford is "more peculiar than most", because he held views that appear, at least on the surface to be in conflict with each other and he believed in the " inherent nobility of the Aryan race". He believed slavery was evil both morally and rationally, he employed Black people in jobs others would not, he worked alongside Blacks as a youth and yet he was a white supremacist. Clive makes it a point to say "Shackleford was not a hateful man", and yet he believed Black and White people were "utterly alien to one another". Clive finds all Americans to have " peculiar" notions about Black people and yet, he finds Shackleford's insistence of inherent White superiority dumbfounding when examples of ingenuity such as the pyramids of Egypt are put forth. It's as if there is some type of rot deep within Shackleford. Interestingly, when Clive notes he doesn't know how to respond to Shackleford - he shifts his gaze to a " rotten cabbage".
janeh
I think all the characters in the book were just mirroring the racism of the times in
which the story was set. Maybe some were further along in their self realization than
others were, but all were at some stage of racism.
Shackleford thought blacks and whites were alien to one another. He was against miscegenation. But he was not a hateful man. He considered slavery a mistake. He employed blacks in many jobs that others would not. He is unaware of his own racism. This was the 1920's in Nashville where there was so much racism back then it was the norm.
peggyt
I have to disagree that James had ideas on race that were more different than most for the time. Except for the part about the pyramids, that was extreme. Some people still feel that way about mixing the races today. Sad to say but it is true.
And I'm not so sure that Clive should have been that surprised. The Brits subjugated India and had the same kind of attitudes toward the dark skinned people from there. And again, many still do.
jazzming
I think that there were different types of racism. There still is. Him seeing them as alien to him to makes him not so peculiar for the times because that is pretty racist.
He didn't have active hate towards people of color, but he certainly wasn't championing them either.
reene
Shackleford believed that slavery was morally wrong and a mistake. He worked alongside Negros, employed them, and yet deep inside he felt blacks and whites were "utterly alien to each other". He did feel the white race was superior, but if asked why, he could not explain why he had those feelings. He is seen as a "good man" by himself and others, so he would not recognize himself as a racist. Shackleford and Clive both seem to have accepted the times in which they live.
carolt
I agree with janeh - all the characters reflected and accepted their time.
Posted Nov. 15, 2021 | | |
Shackleford was not typical of his time. Most people were out and out racists at the time, whereas Shackleford saw himself as better than the "racists" because he didn't believe in slavery. Yet, he was just as bad because he still believed whites were superior to other races. My mother always said that it's much easier to deal with someone who is out and out with their meanness because you know where you stand than it is to deal with someone who is fooling himself.
Jessica F
Of course Shackleford was a racist and believed whites to be supreme. However, I think he viewed himself as someone who was trending toward "acceptance of blacks". His ego led on that he was more in connection with blacks than others of the time. He seemed somewhat proud of his connections to the Crawford family.


Just like becoming an astronaut, a racing driver or a policeman, it has long been the ultimate boy's dream to choose the profession of firefighter. Today, the Amsterdam fire brigade gives preferential treatment to women and immigrants, and thousands of applications by 'white' males are gathering dust in a drawer. In MENE TEKEL Pieter Fleury (1955) observes the effects of this so-called positive action. Explanatory note: Fleury derived the title of the film from the Bible story about the downfall of Babylon. A phantom hand is said to have written the words 'mene, mene, tekel, upharshîn' (counted, counted, weighed, divided) on the walls of King Besazar's palace. In the current vernacular mene tekel has become an expression, meaning as much as 'weighed and found wanting'. Every application entails this risk, but which standards are used by the Amsterdam fire brigade? Previously, Fleury directed more than thirty episodes for VPRO's (Dutch broadcaster) international current affairs programme Diogenes.


Our facilities in Smithfield and Clayton have received Chest Pain Center accreditation from the Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care, an international not-for-profit organization that focuses on transforming cardiovascular care by assisting facilities in their effort to create communities of excellence that bring together quality, cost and patient satisfaction.
To become accredited Chest Pain Centers, our staff engaged in a rigorous evaluation by SCPC for their ability to assess, diagnose and treat patients who may be experiencing a heart attack.
We are proud to know that through the hard work of our staff in receiving this accreditation, we are able to provide enhanced care for cardiac patients and ultimately, save more lives.


The Learning by Doing PD Playlist offers 43 short videos on PLC topics to help build a shared understanding of the PLC process and develop your action plan for school improvement. Aligned to the chapters of the best-selling professional learning community book Learning by Doing (Richard DuFour, Rebecca DuFour, Robert Eaker, Thomas W. Many, Mike Mattos), these PLC videos will help you transform your school or district into a high-performing PLC at Work™ and drive collective teacher efficacy.
Gain professional learning community examples, strategies, tools, and tips for strengthening your PLC. Each video, available on demand, is less than 20 minutes in length to be easily incorporated into your PLC professional development.
Is Student Learning Non-Negotiable in Your School?


text:
Corbyn's Israel False Flag Conspiracy
EXCLUSIVE – In January 2012 @JeremyCorbyn gave an interview in Parliament to an antisemitic conspiracy theorist in which he agreed that "yes of course" Israel may engage in "creating a false flag event" to start a war with Iran. Watch below: pic.twitter.com/8ZLeBtBMnV
— The Golem (@TheGolem_) January 31, 2019
New footage has been unearthed of Jeremy Corbyn in 2012 saying that "yes of course" Israel may engage in "creating a false flag event" to start a war with Iran. What makes Corbyn's answer worse is that this theory was presented to him as something that is going around "conspiracy channels on the internet". But Corbyn says they're quite right…
Prior to interviewing Corbyn, the interviewer had produced a number of videos on YouTube with titles ranging from "On The Need to Dissolve the Jewish Identity", "Will the Jews get the reputation of the Nazis?", "9/11 – No Thermite, 7/7 – No Rucksack Bombs", and "Judaism, Just Another Cult?". Did Corbyn not take the incredibly basic step of checking who was interviewing him, or did he just not care?
It comes ahead of a debate of Parliamentary Labour Party on Monday on a motion entitled 'Action on Antisemitism', which would compel the party leadership to "provide a report in one weeks' time" answering a list of questions regarding what the leadership has done to combat anti-Semitism in their party. Yet another incident for Corbyn to explain…
Read the motion in full here:
Motion: Action on Antisemitism
Proposer: Catherine McKinnell
Seconder: Ruth Smeeth
The PLP notes that 10 months ago the British Jewish community took to Parliament Square for the Enough is Enough demonstration to demand the Labour Party take action against antisemitism; in response the PLP notes that the Leader of the Labour Party apologised for the "hurt and pain" caused by instances of antisemitism in the Labour Party and pledged to "redouble my efforts to bring this anxiety to an end"; the PLP acknowledges that on her appointment, the new General Secretary to the Labour Party vowed to introduce procedures to deal with complaints and disciplinary cases and said the "stain" of antisemitic attitudes must be "completely eradicated" within the party.
In the months that have followed the PLP is dismayed that there remains such a backlog of antisemitism cases that are still to be investigated and a decision reached – in particular the high-profile cases that it was promised would be concluded by July 2018. The PLP is very concerned by recent reports that a number of cases of alleged antisemitic activity from high-profile members have been dropped. The PLP calls on the Party leadership to adequately tackle cases of antisemitism, as a failure to do so seriously risks antisemitism in the Party appearing normalised and the Party seeming to be institutionally antisemitic.
The PLP calls on the party Leadership to provide a report to the PLP meeting in one weeks' time detailing:
how many outstanding cases of antisemitism the Labour Party need to a) investigate b) consider at the NEC disputes panel c) prepare charge sheets to submit to the NCC d) await a NCC hearing;
How many complaints about antisemitism have been received and on how many occasions have NEC officers/the General Secretary used delegated powers to take no further action about these complaints;
How many FTE staff (not on any kind of long term leave) in GLU a) handle complaints and complainants b) investigate complaints c) process cases through disputes and NCC;
How much has been spent on external legal counsel on behalf of the NEC pursuing disciplinary cases against members;
Which Jewish community organisations have been consulted on the still un-reviewed antisemitism Code of Practice and what is the timetable for when this is set to be complete;
Which individuals/organisation has been commissioned to provide antisemitism training to members who must complete training as a sanction, when this training will be finalised and when this training will be rolled out;
Whether all members of the NEC on the antisemitism Disputes Panel have completed antisemitism training;
How many members who have been through the disciplinary process are waiting to commence antisemitism training;
What is the Labour Party's maximum timescales for responding to members who report instances of antisemitism;
How the Labour Party is engaging with the targets of antisemitic abuse;
What process the Labour Party is implementing in terms of its duty of care to its elected representatives.
mdi-tag-outline Anti-Semitism
mdi-account-multiple-outline Jeremy Corbyn
mdi-timer February 1 2019 @ 12:45 mdi-share-variant mdi-twitter mdi-facebook mdi-whatsapp mdi-telegram mdi-linkedin mdi-email mdi-printer


Salvia nemorosa 'Caradonna' is a selected cultivar of the Steppe Sage that has a basal rosette of crinkly grey-green aromatic leaves above which are sent, all summer and autumn, towers of densely packed violet-purple flowers. As long as the flowers are produced they will attract butterflies and bees who find the nectar completely irresistible. This is a superlative plant for the drier Mediterranean garden or mixed border, associating well with other sun-loving drought tolerant plants and giving reliable colour over an exceptionally long period.
Very well grown, very healthy, has settled into the border well.


text:
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy – A Type I Polypoidal Subretinal Neovasculopathy
Gregg T Kokame*
Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Hawaii John A Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii; Retina Consultants of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, The Retina Center at Pali Momi, An Affiliation of Hawai'i Pacific Health, USA
Publisher Id: TOOPHTJ-7-82
Received Date: 11/6/2013
© Gregg T Kokame; Licensee Bentham Open.
* Address correspondence to this author at the Retina Center at Pali Momi, 98-1079 Moanalua Road Suite 470, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA; Tel: 1-808-487-3699; Fax: 1-808-487-8928; E-mail: retinahi@aol.com
This 47 year old female developed the new onset of a polypoidal subretinal neovascular membrane in the left eye 13 years after having polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) treated in the right eye. The indocyanine green (ICG) angiography of the left eye at initial presentation showed a normal choroidal vascular pattern without PCV. The new development of a PCV complex on ICG angiography demonstrates that PCV is truly a type of subretinal neovascularization, and not a choroidal vascular abnormality. The optical coherence tomography shows that the polypoidal vascular complex lies above Bruch's membrane and beneath the retinal pigment epithelium, and not within the choroid. Treatment with high dose ranibizumab (2.0 mg) resulted in excellent polyp closure and regression of the branching vascular network. The documented new development of polypoidal subretinal vessels on ICG angiography and the response to ranibizumab supports that PCV is a polypoidal neovasculopathy (PNV).
Keywords:: Subretinal neovascularization, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, ranibizumab, serous retinal detachment, branching vascular network, macular edema.
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) was initially described by Yannuzzi as a cause of exudation and bleeding in the macula [1-2]. Most reports previously have been uncertain as to whether PCV represents a choroidal vascular abnormality or a type of subretinal neovascularization [3]. Recently, Freund [4] has proposed that PCV is a form of type I subretinal neovascularization according to the classification system of Gass [5]. This case report shows that PCV is truly a type of subretinal neovascularization, as it developed in an eye with a previously normal indocyanine green (ICG) angiogram 13 years previously. The response to high dose ranibizumab therapy further supports that PCV is not a pre-existing choroidal vascular abnormality, but a type of neovascularization responsive to antiangiogenesis. The optical coherence tomography localizes the PCV to be a neovascular membrane above Bruch's membrane and beneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and not within the choroid.
A 47 year old Filipino female presented with the sudden onset of decrease in vision in the right eye in 1998. Visual acuity was: OD 20/70 OS 20/20. Fundus exam showed large orange subretinal vascular structures in the extrafoveal region with serous detachment in the fovea (Fig. 1). ICG angiography showed a temporal branching vascular network with extrafoveal polyps (Fig. 2A). This eye underwent macular laser and has maintained 20/20 vision after 14 years. The ICG angiogram of the left eye showed a completely normal choroidal vasculature without a PCV complex (Fig. 2B).
(A) Color fundus photograph of right eye. Note the large orange subretinal vascular lesions superotemporal and inferior to the center of the fovea, and serous detachment involving the central fovea. (B) Color fundus photograph of the left eye. Note the lack of any polypoidal vascular abnormality.
(A) ICG angiogram of the right eye. Note the temporal branching vascular network and the extrafoveal superotemporal and inferior polyps. (B) ICG angiogram of the left eye. Noted the normal choroidal vasculature and lack of any polypoidal complex.
(A) ICG angiogram of the left eye. Note the new onset of polypoidal subretinal neovascularization. (B) OCT of the left eye corresponding to the polypoidal complex. Note the subretinal neovascularization lying above Bruch's membrane and below the retinal pigment epithelium. (C) ICG angiography after high dose ranibizumab showing resolution of the polyps and RPED with decrease in the branching vascular network.
Thirteen years later in 2011 the patient noted the sudden onset of a black and grey spot in the left eye for 2 weeks. ICG angiography confirmed the presence of a new peripapillary polypoidal vascular complex (Fig. 3A), that was not present on ICG angiography 13 years earlier. Optical coherence tomography corresponding to the polyps showed that the subretinal neovascular complex lies above Bruch's membrane and below the retinal pigment epithelium (Fig. 3B). This patient was treated with intravitreal 2.0 mg ranibizumab in the PEARL2 study with remarkable resolution of the large vascular polyps, the retinal pigment epithelial detachment, the serous retinal detachment, and the branching vascular network (BVN) (Fig. 3C).
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a term originated by Yannuzzi in his initial description of leaking and bleeding complications in the macula associated with a polypoidal subretinal vascular complex [1]. It has been uncertain as to whether this represents a choroidal vascular abnormality, a degenerative vascular lesion, or a type of subretinal neovascularization [3]. This case supports that PCV is a type of subretinal neovascularization, as the vascular complex was not present on ICG angiography 13 years prior to developing symptoms in the left eye (Figs. 2B, 3A). Freund [4] has emphasized that this vascular complex is a variant of type I subretinal neovascularization as described by the classification system of Gass [5]. The vascular complex, including the branching vascular network and the polyps, lies above Bruch's membrane and beneath the retinal pigment epithelium. This was also confirmed by the optical coherence tomography findings associated with the ICG angiogram in this case (Fig. 3B). The disappearance of the vascular complex on high dose antiangiogenic therapy (2.0 mg ranibizumab) also supports that polypoidal vascular lesions are a type of subretinal neovascularization. These vessels may be better described as a polypoidal neovasculopathy (PNV), as proposed by Freund [4], rather than polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, as the vessels are neovascular and lie above Bruch's membrane and beneath the retinal pigment epithelium, and not within the choroid.
This location of the polypoidal vascular complex beneath the retinal pigment epithelium may have important implications for treatment. This patient was treated as part of a clinical trial of high dose ranibizumab for exudative and hemorrhagic complications of PCV. Although ranibizumab at the usual 0.5 mg dose of ranibizumab does result in decreased leakage, macular edema and hemorrhage, as shown in the PEARL trial [6], the PCV complex decreases in only 33% of cases after 6 monthly injections. In this case treated with high dose ranibizumab (2.0 mg), there was a marked anatomic response of the PCV complex, in addition to the decrease in exudation and leakage. Although this is a small study of high dose treatment, drugs either at a higher dose or with a better ability to penetrate the retinal pigment epithelium, could potentially be more effective at anatomic closure and treatment of PCV.
The author confirms that this article content has no conflict of interest.
Declared none.
[1] Yannuzzi LA, Sorensen J, Spaide RF, Lipson B. Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy Retina 1990; 10: 1-8.
[2] Yannuzzi LA, Ciardella A, Spaide RF, et al. The expanding clinical spectrum of idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy Arch Ophthalmol 1997; 115: 478-5.
[3] Laude A, Cackett PD, Vithana E, et al. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration: Same or different disease? Prog Retin Eye Res 2010; 29(1): 19-29.
[4] Freund KB, Zweifel SA, Engelbert M. Editorial. Do we need a new classification for choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration? Retina 2010; 30: 1333-49.
[5] Gass JD. Stereoscopic atlas of macular diseases. 4th Ed. St Louis, Missouri: C. V. Mosby 1997; pp. 26-30.
[6] Kokame GT, Yeung L, Lai JC. Continuous anti-VEGF treatment with ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: 6 month results Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 94(3): 297-301.
Tatsuya Mimura
Department of Ophthalmology
Teikyo University School of Medicine
Biography of Tatsuya Mimura
Dr. Mimura received his PhD from Tokyo University in 2005. Currently, he is working as an associate professor at Teikyo University. He has successfully completed his Administrative responsibilities as a reviewer, editor and research scholar for many journals. His research has included investigations of corneal transplantation. Based on this research and fellowship training he has received 25 awards and honours, such as the infamous Rohto Award. He is currently serving as an editorial member of 42 reputed journals. He has also authored several books including "Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering; From Cells to Organs." amongst notable ones.
Department of Ophthalmology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Meet the Executive Guest Editor(s)
The Open Ophthalmology Journal
The Open Ophthalmology Journal is an Open Access online journal, which publishes research articles, reviews, letters, case reports and guest-edited single topic issues in all areas of experimental and clinical research in ophthalmology. Bentham Open ensures speedy peer review process and accepted papers are published within 2 weeks of final acceptance.
The Open Ophthalmology Journal is committed to ensuring high quality of research published. We believe that a dedicated and committed team of editors and reviewers make it possible to ensure the quality of the research papers. The overall standing of a journal is in a way, reflective of the quality of its Editor(s) and Editorial Board and its members.
The Open Ophthalmology Journal is seeking energetic and qualified researchers to join its editorial board team as Editorial Board Members or reviewers.
The essential criteria to become Editorial Board Members of The Open Ophthalmology Journal are as follows:
Experience in experimental and clinical research in ophthalmology with an academic degree.
At least 20 publication records of articles and /or books related to the field of experimental and clinical research in ophthalmology or in a specific research field.


text:
Port lotniczy Rzym-Fiumicino im. Leonarda da Vinci (wł.: Aeroporto "Leonardo da Vinci" di Roma-Fiumicino, ang.: Rome Leonardo da Vinci Fiumicino Airport, kod IATA: FCO, kod ICAO: LIRF) – międzynarodowy port lotniczy we Włoszech. Położony jest w miejscowości Fiumicino, około 20 km od centrum Rzymu. Główny i największy port lotniczy Włoch, główny hub linii lotniczych ITA Airways. Dojazd z centrum Rzymu zapewnia Autostrada A91.

Historia
Port lotniczy został oficjalnie otwarty 15 stycznia 1961 roku zastępując mniejszy port Rzym-Ciampino, który przeznaczono do obsługi lotów krajowych i czarterowych. W ciągu dekady linie lotnicze Alitalia zainwestowały duże sumy pieniędzy w port budując hangary i punkty serwisowe. W tym czasie zbudowano również trzecią drogę startową (16L/34R). Od 2005 roku port dysponuje systemem ILS klasy III B. W 2007 roku przeprowadzono kolejne ulepszenia, dzięki czemu port jest w stanie obsłużyć do 30 startów/lądowań na godzinę lub do 10 startów/lądowań na godzinę w wypadku występowania mgły.

Terminale lotnicze były rozbudowywane w latach 90.:
 1991 – otwarcie pirsu A do lotów krajowych (12 rękawów lotniczych)
 1995 – otwarcie pirsu B do lotów międzynarodowych (10 rękawów lotniczych)
 1999 — otwarcie Satelity C z 11 rękawami lotniczymi połączonej koleją z głównym terminalem
 2000 – otwarcie nowego terminalu A do lotów krajowych, reorganizacja budynków terminalu, teraz składających się z: Terminalu A (i pirsu A), Terminalu AA, Terminalu B (i pirsu B) oraz Terminalu C wraz z zachodnią satelitą
 2004 – otwarcie nowego terminalu cargo nazwanego Cargo City
 2008 – otwarcie terminalu 5 dla odpraw amerykańskich lotów transportowych i linii lotniczych El Al (pasażerowie są dowożeni do portu lotniczego autobusami) o przepustowości 950 000 pasażerów rocznie.

Na lotnisku od 2021 roku kręcony jest program dokumentalny opowiadający o pracy służb bezpieczeństwa - Alarm na lotnisku: Rzym, emitowany przez National Geographic.

Linie lotnicze i połączenia
Port lotniczy jest hubem dla dwóch przewoźników - ITA Airways i Vueling Airlines, oraz bazą linii Blue Panorama Airlines, EasyJet, Mistral Air, Neos i Ryanair.

Transport

Port lotniczy jest zlokalizowany około 35 kilometrów od historycznego centrum Rzymu. Można łatwo do niego dojechać autostradą A91 Rzym-Fiumicino, oraz za pomocą dużej liczby autobusów i taksówek. Port jest obsługiwany przez pociąg Leonardo Express kursujący z peronu lotniskowego do stacji kolejowej Rzym-Termini. Przejazd trwa 32 minuty bez żadnych przystanków, są dwa połączenia na godzinę. Alternatywą są pociągi lokalne kursujące co 15 minut do stacji węzłowej Roma Ostiense ale zatrzymujące się na wszystkich przystankach (czas jazdy 30 min) oraz linia autobusowej komunikacji regionalnej Cotral odjeżdżająca średnio co godzinę do rzymskiego węzła Cornelia (czas jazdy 1  h 15 min).

Zobacz też
 porty lotnicze we Włoszech

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Oficjalna strona portu lotniczego

Rzym-Fiumicino
Architektura w Rzymie
Fiumicino

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Rep. Adam Schiff (D-Burbank) this week said he plans to go to battle for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in La Cañada Flintridge and the nation's space program after seeing NASA's budget trimmed by the House Commerce, Justice and Science Committee.
The committee budgeted $16.8 billion for NASA, $1.6 billion less than last year and $1.9 billion less than what President Obama requested. The budget eliminates funding for the James Webb Space Telescope, the planned successor to the Hubble Telescope that has run into more than $1 billion in cost overruns.
Schiff also said he was chagrined by a proposal in the bill to "zero out" funding for the COPS program, in which the federal government subsidizes staffing of local police departments. He said he also plans to introduce a measure to reinstate funds for that program.


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Sorry, the Symphonic band is the "top" band. Mr. P (our director) says "the bands are both great bands" to some extent a lot, but Symphonic is mostly Juniors and Seniors with some Sophomores, and Concert is Freshmen and Sophomores. However, our junior and senior classes both seem to be plagued by some sort of chronic apathy towards being good, so our reputation for going grade 6 is at serious stake. Is this type of idiocy everywhere or am I just cursed to be in a band where 1/3 of the group are idiots.
Sorry if I'm complaining too much :-) and I hope I cleared everything up.


text:
Warning: Do Not Go to CPAC 2022 Dressed as Big Bird
It's hard to keep track of which fictional characters Republicans are supposed to be outraged about at the moment.
Big Bird at the 76th Annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in Herald Square, New York, in November 2002.
Photo: Matthew Peyton (Getty Images)
Snowflake alert. Repeat, snowflake alert: conservatives are super mad about vaccinated puppets and won't let them into their little safe space next year, Insider reported on Monday.
On Nov. 6, a Twitter account belonging to the fictional character of Big Bird of the Muppets tweeted that it had received a covid-19 vaccine, adding "My wing is feeling a little sore, but it'll give my body an extra protective boost that keeps me and others healthy." It's a stretch to find anything objectionable about this other than that Big Bird apparently took his goddamn time to get a shot (especially because he doesn't wear a mask around Oscar the Grouch, who lives in a trash can and is presumably at elevated risk of severe disease). But the organizers of the Conservative Political Action Conference, the nation's biggest annual get-together of Republican weirdos, are very mad about this and have banned the Muppets from attending their 2022 conference.
Senator Ted Cruz, who is both vaccinated and an adult man, tweeted that Big Bird was spreading "government propaganda...for your 5 year old!" Last week, CPAC's official account tweeted that Big Bird, as well as Bert and Ernie for some reason, are "NOT INVITED". This was the same week the president of CPAC, Matt Schlapp, got extremely angry that the Muppets would be introducing an Asian-American character named Ji-Young and demanded that Sesame Street broadcaster PBS be defunded in response. "What race is Ernie is Bert?" Schlapp tweeted, ignoring the obvious precedent set by the Swedish Chef.
We assume attending a conference full of people who claim unrestricted access to semi-automatic rifles with 100-round drum magazines is necessary to hunt turkeys was not high on Big Bird's list.
Republicans have long since caved to the antivaxx movement, and furious resistance to mask mandates and vaccine requirements has become a mainstay plank of both GOP policy and hordes of angry parents threatening school administrators across the country. This is often posited as a defense of vaccine or mask "choice," just so long as everyone makes the choice conservatives already agree with. The party has also proven no piece of culture-war gristle is too embarrassing to try and capitalize on, categorizing every piece of media as either good or bad based on whether it stokes some depraved talking point at the moment. In the past few years, conservatives have gotten mad at everything from Keurig machines and Gillette razors to Disney World rides and Dr. Seuss.
Still, this is a notable pivot from CPAC 2021, where Donald Trump Jr. ranted at length about how liberals have "canceled" and "banned the Muppets." It is, however, perfectly in line with a coronavirus outbreak at CPAC in 2020 and mass refusal by attendees to wear masks at the 2021 event.
So, this is your last warning: It would be incredibly unadvisable to show up to CPAC this year wearing a full-on Big Bird costume. Don't do it.


Verde SF was opened in 2008. The proprietress, Monica, got her start in floral design when she went to Madrid to study dance. However, she spent most of her free time at her friend's flower shop where she learned the art of floral design. Although she eventually became a teacher and spent 7 years in the classroom, she decided to return to something she so dearly loved -- flowers.


The group led by the Nobel Laureate backed the candidature of Moghalu after months of consultations and interactions with Nigerians, especially the respective opposition contenders for the presidency.
According to Soyinka, the decision was arrived at by the forum after months of consultations and interactions with Nigerians, especially the respective opposition contenders for the presidency.
And during an interview on Channels Television's Politics Today, Moghalu explained that the development has encouraged him, adding that his chances have increased.
Moghalu said the endorsement by Soyinka and the Citizen Forum meant a lot to him because of what the dramatist stands for and who he is in Nigeria and the world at large.
With the presidential election barely a week from now, the YPP candidate stated that the support gotten from the Nobel laureate would boost his chances in the polls.
"I think this improves my chances in the election. We appeal to all other alternative candidates to join us in a coalition under my leadership to defeat the old, recycled political class in this country once and for all.
"We also appeal to others who may be looking at other processes of consensus to consider ending their search with me just as Professor Wole Soyinka and the Citizens Forum have done," he added.


text:
Skin in the Game: Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life. Nassim Nicholas Taleb
Skin.in.the.Game.Hidden.Asymmetries.in.Daily.Life.pdf
ISBN: 9780525511861 | 320 pages | 8 Mb
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Publisher: Random House Publishing Group
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Today in forex trading the JPY was strong across all pairs in this currency group. This drove significant price movement and opportunities for forex traders. Images of the live trading signals from The Forex Heatmap® and chart movement for these pairs is shown below. For a comprehensive analysis of the CHF/JPY, USD/JPY and the other JPY pairs go to our website. These live currency trading signals and trend based trading plans for 28 pairs can be found on our website at Forexearlywarning.com.


By purchasing items for sale in the BCLA store, you are not only helping to support the Association financially, but also promoting BCLA's name. Please see below for sale items.
With a smooth grey cover, a ribbon to mark your place, and an elastic to keep it neatly closed, this notebook is absolutely beautiful. Celebrating 25 years of the BC Summer Reading Club, each BC SRC notebook is filled with a selection of wonderful literary illustrations; each piece created by a BC artist for the SRC.


Ranveer Singh cheating on his strict dietary regimen.
The trainer — who had just shared a beefed-up look of the actor — now shared another one showing Ranveer cheating on his strict dietary regimen.
Actor Ranveer Singh is working hard to tone his body for his upcoming film Befikre – Those Who Dare To Love. The 30-year-old actor, who is currently shooting for Aditya Chopra's directorial venture, is usually accompanied by his personal trainer Lloyd Stevens all times. But the actor was recently caught in an 'awkward moment' by Lloyd.
The trainer — who had just shared a beefed-up look of the actor — now shared another one showing Ranveer cheating on his strict dietary regimen. Ranveer was photographed taking a generous spoonful of Nutella (a nutty chocolate spread that the actor has often professed a fondness for), which would amount to a substantial amount of calories, we're sure.
The Bajirao Mastani actor will be seen romancing Vaani Kappor in Befikre, which is Aditya's first directorial venture in seven years. The filmmaker's last movie was Shah Rukh Khan-Anushka Sharma starrer Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi.


Welcome to Southwood's Children's Ministry page! We believe that we have a wonderful program here at Southwood that covers children ages Birth-6th Grade. We have Sunday School, Children's Church, Wednesday Night Service Projects, and other fun events.
Our Nursery is also available during our service time at 10:45.
We follow a monthly format for service times for our children.
Second and Third Sundays we have a Children's Church Program that is geared toward 4 year olds-6th Graders. Everyone gathers in the sanctuary for the beginning of service then the children are taken downstairs for their own time of worship, games, and a sermon.
Fourth Sundays the children follow the same format as for Children's Church Sundays except the focus is a Missions lesson led by Elaine Bogart.
Occasionally this format will shift if a Fifth Sunday arises in the month. In that case we have a schedule posted at the church for the format to be expected for the month on our bulletin board.
Families are also encouraged to attend our Wednesday night service projects at the church.
We hope that you will join us and we look forward to making your family a part of our family, if you have any questions or concerns please feel free to contact the church office or any of the pastoral staff.


text:
Sedma legislatura Italijanske republike je bilo obdobje rednega zasedanja parlamenta Italijanske republike med 5. julijem 1976 in 19. junijem 1979.

Vlade
Vlada Andreotti III
29. julij 1976 – 11 March 1978
predsednik: Giulio Andreotti (DC)
Vlada Andreotti IV
11. marec 1978  - 20. marec 1979
predsednik: Giulio Andreotti (DC)
Vlada Andreotti V
20. marec 1979 – 4. avgust 1979
predsednik: Giulio Andreotti (DC)

Predsednik poslanske zbornice
Pietro Ingrao, PCI
5. julij 1976  - 19. junij 1979

Predsednik senata
Amintore Fanfani, DC
5. julij 1976  - 19. junij 1979

Glej tudi
 Seznam senatorjev sedme italijanske legislature

07
07
Ustanovitve leta 1976
Ukinitve leta 1979


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Sharpen your teaching skills with our dynamic, hands-on sessions!
Provides information on available workshops.
The NAGT conducts a number of programs through its officers, sections, and volunteers ranging from awards and scholarships to internships and bringing experts to campuses around the country. NAGT also sponsors the work by other groups of researchers and educators who are working on similar issues.
The Wisconsin K-12 Energy Education Program lists courses and scholarships available.


for $779,000 with 4 bedrooms and 2 full baths, 1 three quarter bath. This 2,129 square foot home was built in 1947 on a lot size of 0.16 Acre(s).
Bright , well maintained, updated home near the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. It features 4 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms with the Master Suite bearing wood vaulted ceilings, balcony overlooking a couryard and a remodeled bathroom. From the living room you can see the plants and the mountains through the large beautiful bay window. Dining room is open to the living area and adjacent to the updated kitchen. Off the hall is a bathroom and two bedrooms. At the end of the hall enter the Master Suite through a library/4th bedroom. Go up half flight and find yourself in the Master Bedroom with adjacend Spacious Bathroom containing a Jet tub.There is a bonus room downstairs with a separate entrance and a three-quarter bath. Low maintenance landscaped, drought resistant front yard and paved backyard . Enjoy the scenery from either the front or the back porch.Photos were taken before recent fresh coat of paint in most rooms.


We love this beautiful cross ornament in memory of your loved one. This can be personalized with your loved one's name and birth / at rest years. This is also a wonderful Memorial Gift Idea for year round display on our ornament stand (sold separately).
When looking for Sympathy Gifts for Men, keep these memorial ornaments in mind.


text:
package org.mikala.testqwondo.spring.services;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Iterator;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;

import org.mikala.testqwondo.api.UserManager;
import org.mikala.testqwondo.api.model.User;
import org.mikala.testqwondo.api.model.UserRole;
import org.mikala.testqwondo.api.model.enums.Role;
import org.mikala.testqwondo.spring.repository.UserRepository;
import org.mikala.testqwondo.spring.repository.UserRoleRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
@Service(value = "userManagerService")
public class UserManagerService implements UserManager {

	@Autowired
	UserRepository userRepository;

	@Autowired
	UserRoleRepository userRoleRepository;

	@Override
	public User getUser(Long userId) {
		return userRepository.findOne(userId);
	}

	@Override
	public User saveUser(@NotNull User user) throws SQLException  {
		try {
			user=userRepository.save(user);

		} catch (Exception e) {
			Throwable couse = e.getCause();
			if(couse!=null){
				Throwable sqlEx = couse.getCause();
				if(sqlEx instanceof SQLException){
					throw (SQLException) sqlEx;
				}

			}
			throw e;
		}
		return user;
	}

	@Override
	public void deleteUser(User user) {
		userRepository.delete(user);
	}

	@Override
	public void deleteUser(Long idUser) {
		userRepository.delete(idUser);
	}

	@Override
	public User addRoleToUser(Role role, User user) {
		if (role == null || user == null || user.getId() == null)
			return null;
		UserRole userRole = new UserRole(user,role);
		userRoleRepository.save(userRole);
		user.addUserRole(userRole);
		userRepository.save(user);
		return userRepository.findOne(user.getId());
	}

	@Override
	public User removeRoleFromUser(Role role, User user) {
		if (role == null || user == null || user.getId() == null)
			return user;
		if(!isUserHasRole(user, role))
			return user;
		Iterator<UserRole> userRolesIter = user.getUserRoles().iterator();
		while (userRolesIter.hasNext()) {
			UserRole userRole = (UserRole) userRolesIter.next();
			if(userRole.getRole().equals(role)){
				user.removeUserRole(userRole);
				user=userRepository.save(user);
				try { //czasami (transakcje) roli juz nie ma
					userRoleRepository.delete(userRole.getId());
				} catch (Exception e) {
				}
				break;
			}
		}
		return user;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean isUserHasRole(User user, Role role) {
		if (user == null || role == null || user.getUserRoles()==null || user.getUserRoles().size()==0)
			return false;
		Iterator<UserRole> userRolesIter = user.getUserRoles().iterator();
		while (userRolesIter.hasNext()) {
			UserRole userRole = (UserRole) userRolesIter.next();
			if(userRole.getRole().equals(role)){
				return true;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
	@Override
	public Page<User> showUsers(String name, Pageable pageable) {
		return userRepository.findByNameLike(name, pageable);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home»Tag: #tinubu
Tag Archives: #tinubu
June 6, 2022 BREAKING 0 39
AMOO OLUTAYO The leading presidential Aspirant/ National leader of the ruling All Progressives Congress (APC), Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu on Monday visited Owo, Ondo State over the massacre of worshipers at St Francis Catholic Church on Sunday. Tinubu joined the Ondo State Governor, Rotimi Akeredolu for an on-the-spot assessment. He donated the sum of N75million to the victims of the …
BREAKING: Osinbajo Meets Tinubu In Abuja
October 29, 2021 BREAKING 0 18
The Vice President, Professor Yemi Osinbajo (SAN), met with the National Leader of the ruling All Progressives Congress (APC), Asiwaju Bola Tinubu, in Abuja. There as been a lot rumors that Tinubu snub him, Osinbajo in London, and also concerning their assumed parallel Presidential ambitions. While many notable Nigerians, especially in the political space, had been openly calling on Asiwaju …
PHOTO NEWS: Tinubu Re-Registering As APC Member
February 6, 2021 BREAKING, POLITICS 0 16
BY: RAPHEAL OLUSEGUN National leader of All progressive congress (APC) and former Lagos State Governor, Asiwaju Bola Tinubu has re-register and re-validate his membership of All progressive congress (APC) in Lagos. See the photographs. L-R: Chairman, APC South-west Zonal Monitoring Team, Membership Revalidation, and Registration Exercise, Senator Lawal Shuaibu; APC National Leader, Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu; Governor of Lagos State, …
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text:
Q: How can I make user and group ids the same on two servers? I have two servers, one of which has a volume from the other mounted as an NFS device. I have an application on the mounter that creates files that must then be manipulated by an application on the mountee.
I am running into ALL kinds of permissions problems. I have the same users and groups on both servers, but the ids don't match up.
When the app on the mounter creates a file on the NFS device, the file appears to be owned on the mountee by some long numbers string.
I can't run a chown command from the mounter machine, because the app does not run as root.
Can anyone help me?

A: You need some method to synchronize the user accounts / IDs between your systems.
It can be achieved manually by (carefully) creating accounts and then synchronizing the password databases (eg, /etc/passwd on Linux) but is far more commonly achieved through the use of a directory service, such as NIS or an LDAP. The directory is then referenced by all the systems requiring shared authentication information making it much more scalable than creating accounts on each system.
Depending on how many users you have to maintain, the former method or a derivative of it may be less work than setting up a directory. I've seen a few instances (and do so myself on some small deployments) where configuration management systems (like Puppet or Chef) are used to keep the local password databases in sync on each system - this has the advantage of keeping an authoritative source of credentials but avoids the overhead of maintaining a directory service.

A: Specify the UID/GID on the second system when you create the account.  (Or centralize authentication.)
From man useradd:

-u, --uid UID
      The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the -o option is used. The value must be non-negative. The
  default is to use the smallest ID value greater than 999 and greater
  than every other user. Values between 0 and 999 are typically reserved
  for system accounts.

useradd man page
From man groupadd:

-g, --gid GID
      The numerical value of the group's ID. This value must be unique, unless the -o option is used. The value must be non-negative. The
  default is to use the smallest ID value greater than 999 and greater
  than every other group. Values between 0 and 999 are typically
  reserved for system accounts.

groupadd man page

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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A modular belt for the I generation of the Fast Attack Plate Carrier. The belt allows to expand the carrying space of the vest. Made of 1000D Cordura the belt will guarantee a smooth use in every condition. A simple mounting system based on the MOLLE system allows to attach or detach the belt from the vest.
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text:
Lagarde: the digital euro as an alternative to stablecoins
By Marco Cavicchioli - 22 Sep 2020
According to Christine Lagarde, a digital euro would not be an alternative to the traditional euro, but to private digital currencies.
The governor of the European Central Bank said this during a speech at the joint meeting of French and German parliamentarians.
"In a more digital economy, we also need to ensure the strength and autonomy of European payment systems.[6] The Eurosystem is actively pursuing initiatives to achieve this. We are also exploring the benefits, risks and operational challenges of introducing a digital euro. A digital euro could be a complement to, not a substitute for, cash; it could provide an alternative to private digital currencies and ensure that sovereign money remains at the core of European payment system".
However, it is possible that "private digital currencies" might not refer to decentralized cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, but to stablecoins such as Libra, or Tether, since the digital euro will only be a digital version of the euro, i.e. with an inflationary nature like its predecessor.
In fact, as early as December, the new ECB governor said that there was a clear demand for stablecoins in the financial markets, and in her recent speech, she stressed the fact that only a digital euro could compete with private digital currencies of this kind, allowing the sovereign currency to maintain its leadership as a means of payment.
However, it remains to be seen how a digital euro could compete with stablecoins such as USDT, whose use can be anonymous and completely free, i.e. without any restrictions. In other words, central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) could be a viable alternative to stablecoins such as Libra, which are not anonymous and subject to all the restrictions of fiat money but are unlikely to challenge cryptocurrencies and tokens based on decentralized blockchains such as Ethereum.
Europe focuses on the digital euro
The fact is that, following the Chinese central bank, also the European central bank, as well as the American one, don't seem to want to back out of the challenge launched by Libra.
In other words, the three largest central banks in the world are carrying out projects for the development of CBDCs, with the clear intention of not being blown away by private technology giants on the dominance of payments at the local and global level.
In such a scenario, it cannot be ruled out that these same central banks may also begin to compete with each other in an attempt to release their own CBDC to global markets to become leaders in international payments.
In such a scenario, however, it remains to be seen how much of the market will remain available for Libra-type projects, and above all what the role of stablecoin tokens based on decentralized blockchains will be.
Previous article Survey: institutional investors will buy crypto
Next article Crypto market, the curious case of Orchid (OXT)


Sadness dwells deep inside of me as I come to the realisation that I have not been my husband's biggest fan. My mind, body and soul are exhausted. I am married; I am a wife, why are the attachments to those words so daunting? The pressures of living up to the expectations are exceedingly becoming too familiar. I depend on him to believe in me, be my best friend, have respect for me, and be my husband and a Father. The house needs to be cleaned, the children need to be taken care of, I need to be taken care of. So begins the great divide.
After getting married, the struggle of acceptance had begun. "The first year of marriage is always the hardest" they said. They were right. The inconceivable truth was evident. Suddenly we became aware of each other's emotions; feelings of sensitivity and the feeling of not being good enough crept in. Letting ourselves go and letting our guard down, I failed to protect my heart.
Having a baby prior to getting married had initially put a great deal of strain on our relationship. Having a second baby was proving to be an even bigger challenge. Neglecting our marriage, we failed to find a balance. With all troubles aside we tried to endure the hardships. We were certain that we could rebuild our marriage and give our children and ourselves the life we deserve, but there were no instruction manuals, we couldn't piece it together. As the challenges of parenting and finding a balance in our marriage became a constant obstacle in our lives, so did the challenges of preserving our faith in each other and protecting it from sinking, it became evidently clear that our hearts no longer understood nor accepted each other. Endurance was proving to be the biggest challenge; it was testing our patience and butchering our emotions.
We were living past one another, trying to find time for ourselves, ignorant of the reality that we were in fact only making time for our own lives, individually. We became selfish. Our vulnerability was no longer part of our existence. The ups and downs became unbearable, losing each other in the process. Lessons were never learnt. Our commitment for one another became redundant. We were collapsing, and too selfish to concede it. We were reconciling to this idea that this was what we were made of. This was our life. Our hearts were too tired to put up the fight. We didn't feel the need to grow and demand love from each other. We accepted it.
So, why? How and why did I allow this to happen?
We failed to identify the evident difficulties we were experiencing in our marriage. Instead of facing our problems, we allowed our problems to come between us. We allowed ourselves to live out of fear of inconvenience and lost control of priorities. Egos grew bigger than us. The love that was once important to us was no longer part of our existence. I was pessimistic and my marriage became somewhat insignificant.
Ironically, my adorable parents have been married for 29 years. They demonstrate everything that is right. How to love, to give, to trust, to forgive and be selfless. Their love and devotion for one other has forever been a true inspiration to me and has made a dramatic impact in my life.
We were aware that we needed to allow our hearts to reconnect, but we were unsure of the reality and severity of it and we were making decisions based on negative emotions.
However, it was when hitting rock bottom, I saw my life from the outside. I saw my two beautiful boys innocently going about life and absolutely oblivious to the idea that we were not okay. I could no longer wear my mask. What were we subconsciously teaching them? I knew I had to change the direction of my path. With all of our best interests at heart, and terrified, I began to make an effort to save myself, love myself and, ultimately, save my future. I became acutely aware of all I did not want for my life, and I yearned for a love so deep it would make the ocean jealous. I knew this was not the end of my story, this is where my new chapter began.
I hope that the purpose of sharing my story of my struggle will help you resist the great divide, but also know your worth, and have the persistence to wait for that feeling, it will come, wait for that love. Many couples go through the struggle – know that you are not alone. I pray that you can find the strength to FORGIVE and LOVE again.
This entry was posted in Adventures, Marriage, Self Discovery and tagged Adventures, Challenges, Marriage. Bookmark the permalink.
So beautiful and encouraging ! Marriage is a daily choice to always choose to love and to always want to fight to have a strong and authentic kind of love that can endure the storms!
Thank you for sharing your story! Marriage is a forever work in progress. We also learnt the hard way.
We thought that we had gotten to a point where we did not love one another enough to continue and work on our relationship. This only 2 1/2 years into our marriage! We decided to separate to work out our differences (thinking it was space that we needed). This did NOT work! We ended up drifting further and further apart. After about 6 months of separation we realized that we are at a cross roads. Either we take the easy way out and get a divorce, OR WORK AT IT! Start dating again, and get to know one another afresh. (With a toddler around it was hard work to stay in touch and be an example to your ever growing inquisitive little man.) What we did realize was that there is no excuse for letting each other go – we ultimately love each other, and are each other's best friends. So we started the dating game all over again – ended up moving back in together – and have been together to see our 5th anniversary this year – plus we are on the doorstep of welcoming our second little bundle of joy into this crazy world!
To this day, we are both equally happy that we made this decision and continue to work on our relationship daily. Yes, it is hard to find time for "alone time" in the craziness that is daily life – but we now all sit down and have dinner together, have movie nights, family days – which we neglected to have for such a long time! We are growing in each other and growing as a family, both of which we have come to realize is important.
Wow, your brutal honesty is so refreshing. Marriage is not always a walk in the part and only those who have the resolve to fight for what they want are able to make it through those times!