Mini Claas Xerion tractor and the high performance Amazone Cayenna 6001 seeder. The seed drill can be detached from the Claas tractor when needed. The drill units can be lowered on the left and right to work the fields. The filling flap on the seeder is also designed to open. With rubber tracks as well, the tyres create an authentic everyday look.


1. I'm quiet around people until you get to know me. I tend to warm up quickly then you'll think I'm a complete weirdo. Weird is good though right?
2. I suffer from extreme panic attacks and anxiety.
3. I'm one of 7 children. Yeah! It's put me off for life (some would say selfish) hay ho!
4.I use to go to dance school.. Ballet, tap, jazz.
6. I'm the biggest tom boy at heart.
7. My real name is Chanelle Jade but my friends call me Jade. Told you you'd think I were weird haha!
I tend to prefer dogs to humans.
9. I still have a spud gun!
10. I've been single for 2 years, I must love my own company too much. Either that or no one can put up with me.
11. I haven't been on a aeroplane in about 3 years.
12. You probably shouldn't speak to me before my morning coffee.
13. I'm a clothes/beauty cosmetic hauler. SHOCK!
14. I still sleep with a teddy at 22.
15. I have kept my toll dolls from back in the day. Oh and my TY beanie babies.
16. I can't go without my monthly eyebrow/eyelash tint.
17. I never stick to New Year's resolutions.
18. I NEED to go on vacation to Bora Bora.
19. I have a bucket list.
20. I don't have any tattoo's.
21. I HATE the smell of chocolate scented products.
22. I hardly ever let anyone touch my hair.
23. I sing my sentences quite a lot. Odd.
24. Have some kind of addiction with Yankee Candle's.
aaaaaaw I want pugs! I too, sing my sentences or the end of them for emphasis!
That's what set me off too haha! The little huts are AMAZING! I also want to go to Rome really bad.
Look so gorgeous in the pic!
I just read that and it's actually scary how we are so similar, haha - now I sound like some right weirdo on the internet.... Awkward! I don't want children either, I'm one of 5 and that's mental. I used to dance too, wish I still did it now but my 13 year old self kind of thought it was a bit lame haha, actually wanted a social life aside from dancing on the weekends. I've only got 2 dogs, Jack Russel and Great Dane and I love them both.
Lovely little post, enjoy your blog!
Yeah it's always been entertaining I must admit haha! Especially love it at Christmas and when everyone get's together.
Bora Bora huts just look to die for!


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text:
HomeSportsFootballSouth Korea vs Portugal: MyTeam11 Fantasy Preview
South Korea vs Portugal: MyTeam11 Fantasy Preview
By Prithvi Mishra
With the knockout stage taking more shape the South Korea vs Portugal match will be nothing less than fireworks for football fans. Portugal has already qualified for the Round of 16, whereas South Korea still has the sword of elimination hanging over their heads. The epic battle between the two teams will take place at the Education City Stadium at 8:30 PM IST on 2nd December. Read till the end to find out the fantasy team prediction for the match and fantasy XIs for the match.
South Korea vs Portugal Team Preview
The Tigers of Asia's chances of making it to the Final 16 are very slim. They need to topple the European giants to stand any chance of qualifying in the knockout stage of the tournament. The Tigers of Asia need to beat Portugal, whereas Uruguay has to beat Ghana. If these scenarios happen, South Korea will make it to the Round of 16. The last time Son's team made it to the knockout stage of the tournament was in 2010.
Portugal has saved their place in the Round of 16. Now, C. Ronaldo and co. will look to secure the top spot in Group H when they take on South Korea in their last group-stage match in the 2022 Football World Cup. While they are in the Final 16, Portugal has not been past the round of 16 since the 2006 tournament.
Venue & Timings
The Education City Stadium is situated in the heart of Al Rayyan. The stadium has hosted some of the most dramatic matches of the 2022 Football World Cup. Education City Stadium's seating capacity is over 44,000 people. The record attendance in this stadium is 44,259 fans during the match between Poland and Saudi Arabia.
Expected Lineups
South Korea Starting XI: K. Seunggyu (GK), K. Jinsu, K. Minjae, K. Moonhwan, K. Younggwon, J. Wooyoung, H. Inbeom, Son (c), K. Changhoon, J. Wooyeong, Cho
Portugal Starting XI: D. Costa (GK), Pepe, R. Dias, N. Mendes, J. Cancelo, B. Silva, William, R. Neves, C. Ronaldo (c), B. Fernandes, J. Felix
Son (South Korea): Hotspur's star forward Son is a great asset to the South Korean football team. The 30-year-old forward is set to win his 107th cap for his national side. Son's pace is feared by many, as he switches from first gear to fifth gear in a blink of an eye.
C. Ronaldo (Portugal): In Portugal's first match in the 2022 Football World Cup, C. Ronaldo became the first male player to score in five different World Cups. With the 2022 edition being his last Football World Cup, Ronaldo would like to take the trophy home.
South Korea vs Portugal Suggested Fantasy Teams
Team 1:
South Korea vs Portugal: Suggested Fantasy Team 1
It's now time for you to join the exciting fantasy football action on MyTeam11. Create your fantasy teams on MyTeam11 in the ongoing Football World Cup and stand a chance to earn big cash prizes. Furthermore, MyTeam11 is now available on Play Store and App Store! So, stop waiting and START PLAYING!
2022 Football World Cup
Football Fantasy predictions
Korea Republic vs Portugal
South Korea vs Portugal
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Prithvi Mishrahttp://Myteam11.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Global alliance puts carbon capture back on the agenda
The first major international initiative to galvanise technology that traps carbon emissions before they reach the atmosphere will be unveiled this week by some of the world's largest polluters.
The annual Clean Energy Ministerial will play host to the new global co-operation plan to develop carbon capture and storage (CCS) to clean up the emissions from power plants and factories.
The US, Saudi Arabia and Norway are preparing to lead the work to develop CCS, and their efforts will be supported by the UK, China, the United Arab Emirates, Mexico and the European Commission.
It is the first time that governments will come together to work towards affordable CCS projects, which the technology's proponents believe could be a major breakthrough in "decarbonising" power and industry in a bid to tackle climate change.
The Clean Energy Ministerial has brought together ministers from 24 of the world's largest economies for the past eight years to develop a cleaner energy future. Its past endeavours have included accelerating the drive towards electric vehicles, which has seen a boom in government support and policy commitments as a result.
For the three lead nations CCS is vital in order to play a role in tackling climate change without undermining important economic drivers. To date CCS projects remain eye wateringly expensive. But by taking a diplomatic approach the participating countries hope to set up strategic partnerships to accelerate investment and create a competitive global industry.
The major co-operation deal is expected to emerge on Thursday, a little over a week after Norway fired the starting gun on its ambitions to become Europe's leader in developing CCS technology and permanent storage facilities under the North Sea.
Its "milestone" investment of almost €30m (£26m) will help prove the technology at a pair of new demonstration projects at a cement factory and an energy-from-waste plant. A full-scale CCS chain traps carbon within factory flues through a chemical reaction and then pipes the emissions away either to be used as an industrial gas or stored in permanent facilities to protect the environment.
Norway believes it has the subsea capacity to store all of Europe's carbon emissions, which could prove a lifeline for fossil fuel power generators and manufacturers, which might otherwise be forced to shut to meet government-led climate change targets.
The pressing need to clean up carbon-heavy industries has spurred a renewed appetite for CCS after a string of early projects fell by the wayside due to cripplingly high costs. The UK Government, which abandoned its own £1bn CCS funding competition in 2015, has put the technology back on the table in its clean growth strategy.


Caption : VIJAYAWADA (AP) 02/05/2007: Mayor Mallika Begum stands perplexed on the podium after CPI corporator Ijjada Appalanaidu made a comment on her scarf at a general body meeting of the Vijayawada Municipal Corporation on May 02, 2007. PHOTO: RAJU. V.


Tim Hortons, the Canadian coffee chain, opened a store in Hazlet about three years ago.
HAZLET - Tim Hortons, the Canadian restaurant chain that opened a store in Hazlet about three years ago, has served its last cup of coffee at its Route 35 location.
The restaurant, which had moved into a 3,600-square-foot space in the Chelsea Place shopping center, has closed. A visit on Monday found the inside of the store dark and partially dismantled. There was no note on the door or ready explanation about what happened.
The drive-in lane had been closed for several months, one customer said.
An email to Tim Hortons corporate office was not immediately returned. The store closed over the weekend, a township official said. The closure was first reported by the Journal NJ website.
Other changes are coming. Hazlet's land use board has approved plans to convert part of the former Friendly's restaurant, located practically next door to Tim Hortons, to a Starbucks. There is space for another retail store there as well.
Tim Horton was a long-time NHL hockey player from Canada, who played for teams including the Toronto Maple Leafs and the New York Rangers. He founded the company in 1964, selling coffee and donuts for 10 cents each.
In 2014, the chain was purchased for $11 billion by Burger King, creating the world's third-largest fast food company.
The company's remaining New Jersey locations are in Newark, Raritan Borough and Stockholm.


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Die Vista University (afrikaans: Universiteit Vista) war eine Hochschuleinrichtung mit Sitz in Pretoria, die zwischen 1982 und 2004 existierte und in mehreren südafrikanischen Städten mit regionalen Campusarealen arbeitete. Ihre Studienangebote richteten sich grundsätzlich an Personen aus der Bevölkerungsgruppe der Schwarzen in Südafrika. Die Universität entstand auf der Basis eines eigens für sie erlassenen Gesetzes von 1981 und eröffnete 1982 ihren administrativen Betrieb. Das erste akademische Jahr der Vista University begann am 1. Januar 1983.

Geschichte

Vorbedingungen und historischer Kontext
Die konzeptionelle Basis der Vista University leitete sich aus Grundsatzpositionen der Bildungspolitik des Apartheidsystems ab, nach denen eine binäre Trennung (Europäer und Nichteuropäer) des Bildungssektors im Sinne der politisch vorgegebenen getrennten Entwicklung in allen Bereichen der Gesellschaft anzustreben war. Unter diesen Voraussetzungen gehörten ungleich gestaltete Zugangsvoraussetzungen für Studierende und Mitarbeiter zu Bildungseinrichtungen als prioritäre Steuerungsmechanismen in das offiziell angestrebte Gesellschaftsmodell.

Nach einer zeitgenössischen Beschreibung der Hochschulsituation aus dem Jahre 1955 durch Thomas Benjamin Davie († 13. Dezember 1955), einem ehemaligen Prinzipal und Vice-Chancellor (1948–1955) der Universität Kapstadt, hatten sich in der Südafrikanischen Union zwei verschiedene Positionen zur Hochschulpolitik etabliert. Einerseits gab es Hochschulen mit Orientierung zum britischen System, wonach diese Einrichtungen von den Ideen der weitreichenden akademischen Freiheit und dem "Prinzip der offenen Tür" bestimmt waren und andererseits Hochschulen der Afrikaaner, worin Menschen ausgebildet wurden, um ausschließlich dem Staat zu dienen. Von Vertretern der Universitäten Kapstadt und Witwatersrand wurde im Ergebnis einer gemeinsamen hochschulpolitischen Konferenz vom 9. bis 11. Januar 1957 ein Papier mit dem Titel The Open Universities in South Africa herausgegeben, worin die beiden Chancellor, Albert van de Sandt Centlivres (UCT) und Richard Feetham (Wits), in ihrem Vorwort klarstellten, dass das hiermit vorgetragene Plädoyer für die Wahrung der "Offenen Universitäten" nicht nur ein Argument für die Gewährleistung der Freiheit ihrer eigenen Universitäten sei, sondern für die Freiheit jeder südafrikanischen Universität. Dieser engagierte Protest in einem gesellschaftlichen Klima des politisch forcierten Rassismus konnte jedoch die begonnene Politik der "getrennten Entwicklung" auch im Hochschulsektor nicht aufhalten.

Im öffentlichen Diskurs zur Frage einer politisch beeinflussten Hochschullandschaft in Südafrika, konkret ein Gesetzesentwurf zum Ausschluss von "nichtweißen" Studenten von den Universitäten, hielten dessen Kritiker 1957, unter wörtliche Bezugnahme auf die bereits 1953 vom vormaligen Rektor der UCT Thomas Benjamin Davie gegenüber Studenten vorgetragenen Prinzipien, dem National Council of Higher Education ihre Auffassung von akademischer Freiheit entgegen. Davie's vier essentielle Grundsätze erlangten im Verlauf dieses Diskurses und mit internationaler Wahrnehmung den Status eines Anti-Apartheid-Banners für die Wissenschaftsfreiheit:

Dieses Statement wurde von seinem Amtskollegen an der University of Natal, Ernst Gideon Malherbe, mit der Streitschrift Die Outonomie van ons Universiteite en Apartheid (1957) unterstützend flankiert.

Nach Erhebungen der Tomlinson-Kommission standen 1955 für die Hochschulausbildung der nichteuropäischen Bevölkerung in der Südafrikanischen Union nur wenige ausgewählte Einrichtungen zur Verfügung. Eine völlige freie Wahl des Studienortes durch diese Gruppe kam nach dem Willen der Kommission nicht in Betracht. Deren Abschlussbericht nennt in diesem Zusammenhang Universitätsausbildungsgänge am South African Native College Fort Hare, ferner in einer Institution in Durban, dem Natal University College for Non-Europeans an der University of Natal, sowie an der Witwatersrand-Universität und der Universität Kapstadt, des Weiteren am Kolege ya Bana ba Afrika in Pretoria und an der Medizinischen Fakultät für Nichteuropäer innerhalb der University of Natal.

Das Kolege ya Bana ba Afrika (College of the Children of Africa) war eine 1946 auf Initiative von Akteuren hauptsächlich aus der Dutch Reformed Mission Church in Kooperation mit der UNISA gegründete Einrichtung. Sie entstand auf dem Gelände der ehemaligen Farm Vlakfontein (heute Mamelodi West). Ihre Entstehung verdankt sie der in den 1940er Jahren ansteigenden Zahl von UNISA-Studienbewerbern. Diese Tendenz kann als Indiz für das gewachsene Bildungsbedürfnis unter der nichteuropäischen Bevölkerung aufgefasst werden.

J. H. van Wyk leitete die Gruppe aus der Dutch Reformed Mission Church, die sich mit der Gründung des Kolege ya Bana ba Africa befasst hatte. Der Anthropologe Werner Eiselen übernahm 1947 als erster die Professur für Volkekunde an der Universität Pretoria. Er begleitete aus seiner Position heraus und damit als einer der Gründungsväter den Aufbauprozess des Kolege ya Bana ba Africa. Diese Bildungsstätte war als konkurrierende Einrichtung zum Native College in Fort Hare konzipiert und etabliert worden, wo der Lehrkörper überwiegend aus dem Kreis schottischer Presbyterianer stammte und seinem Grundverständnis nach der damaligen rassistischen Staatspolitik kritisch bis ablehnend gegenüber stand. In einer Eigendarstellung aus dem Jahre 1946 bezeichnete sich die Einrichtung als University for non-Europeans in the Transvaal.

Als institutionelles Ziel der sich nach dem Wahlsieg der Nasionale Party im Jahre 1948 deutlich herausbildenden Segregationspolitik schlug die Tomlinson-Kommission auf dem Gebiet der Hochschulbildung die Schaffung einer staatlichen und auf föderaler Basis zu errichtenden "Bantu University of South Africa" vor, ähnlich der UNISA-Struktur. Colleges dieser Universität sollten nach Empfehlung der Tomlinson-Kommission in der Transkei, in den Zulu-Habitaten von Natal und in den Sotho-Gebieten von Transvaal geschaffen werden.

Gründung der Vista University und weiterer Fortgang
Eine Gründung der später als Vista University benannten Einrichtung bildete bereits seit den 1950er Jahren ein konkret geplantes Anliegen der Apartheidspolitik. Der geringe Immatrikulationsanteil von nichteuropäischstämmigen Studierenden verteilte sich damals auf wenige Institutionen im Land.

Der erst über 25 Jahre nach der Empfehlung der Tomlinson-Kommission vollzogenen Universitätsgründung ging eine fünfjährige Vorbereitungszeit durch eine Kommission unter Leitung des Vizekanzlers der Rand Afrikaans University in Johannesburg, Gerrit Viljoen, voraus. Dieser hatte bereits exponierte politische Funktionen ausgeübt, wie den Vorsitz des Afrikaner Broederbond von 1974 bis 1980 und als Administrator-General von Südwestafrika zwischen 1979 und 1980. Als Minister of Education (Bildungsminister) war er von 1980 bis 1989 in den damaligen Regierungen Südafrikas für den Bildungssektor verantwortlich.

Mit Blick auf die zu erwartende Gründung der Vista University formulierten 1981 Vertreter von drei großen Universitäten des Landes ihre Ablehnung eines solchen Konzeptes, die sie mit dem inakzeptablen Ziel von rassistisch getrennten Einrichtungen im Hochschulbildungssektor begründeten. Die Aufforderung zur Mitwirkung im Universitätsrat während der Gründungsphase der Vista University wurde von Repräsentanten der Witwatersrand-Universität, Universität Kapstadt und Universität Natal zurückgewiesen. Der damalige Vizekanzler der Witwatersrand-Universität Daniel Jacob du Plessis vertrat mit einer Presseerklärung die Auffassung, wonach nicht zu erwarten sei, dass die neue Hochschule eine mit den anderen Universitäten gleichrangige Institution sein werde. Im Jahr 1981 vollzog sich der finale gesetzgebende Prozess für die bevorstehende Gründung der Vista University.

Der Vista University Act (Act No. 106 / 1981) erlangte am 1. Januar 1982 Rechtskraft und legte die legislative Basis zur Gründung einer landesweit operierenden Universität für afrikanische (schwarze) Studenten in einigen städtischen Ballungszentren. Dieser Schritt vollzog sich innerhalb jenes geschichtlichen Abschnittes des Landes, der nach dem Konzept der Reformapartheid für die in den Städten wohnenden Schwarzen verschiedene Zugeständnisse, wenn auch immer noch keine gleichwertigen Bürgerrechte erbrachte. Dagegen blieb die Zulassung anderer Personen für ein Studium an der Vista University. beispielsweise aus dem Kreise der Coloureds oder der indischstämmigen Bevölkerung, einer jeweiligen Einzelentscheidung des zuständigen Ministers vorbehalten.

Am 1. Januar 1982 nahm in Pretoria die zentrale Verwaltung der Universität ihre Tätigkeit auf und am 6. Januar kam es zur Konstituierung der ersten Hochschulleitung, für deren Vorsitz Professor Cas F. Crouse als Gründungsrektor die Berufung erhielt. Zu einer feierlichen Eröffnungszeremonie kam es erst am 20. Oktober 1983 unter Teilnahme des damals zuständigen Ministers Daniël Wynand Steyn (Minister of Education and Training). Dieser beschrieb die Zukunft der neuen Universität in seiner Festansprache mit den Worten: Vista is the faith of yesterday, through the reality of today into the vision of tomorrow (deutsch etwa: "Vista ist der Glaube von gestern, durch die Wirklichkeit von heute die Vision von morgen").

Die Erwartungen bezüglich der Immatrikulationszahlen beliefen sich in dieser Vorbereitungsphase auf 800 bis 1.400 Studierende. Vorgesehen waren Bachelor-Abschlüsse und Bachelor-Education-Grade auf den Gebieten Englisch, Afrikaans, Xhosa, Pädagogik, Geographie, Geschichte, Soziologie, Psychologie, Wirtschaft, Rechnungswesen und Mathematik. Als monatliche Studiengebühr waren 17 Rand pro Studienfach vorgesehen. Die ersten Vorlesungen begannen im Januar 1983 an vier Campusstandorten, in Mamelodi, Soweto, Bloemfontein und Port Elizabeth.

Im Gründungsjahr hatten sich an der Vista University 3.010 Afrikaner immatrikulieren lassen. 1984 waren bereits 6.125 Afrikaner, 12 Coloured und 15 Weiße und 63 weitere Studierende hier eingeschrieben. Die Studentenzahlen stiegen in den ersten Jahren schnell an und fanden ihren Schwerpunkt in der Lehrerausbildung. Die Vista University lag mit ihren Immatrikulationszahlen weit vor denen anderer Hochschulen mit afrikanischen Studierenden. 1986 waren 12.296 Lehramtsstudenten registriert.

1990 erfolgte die offizielle Eröffnung des neu erbauten Soweto-Campus, gegenüber dem Power Park in Orlando liegend. Bereits 2011 wurde er durch weitere Neubauten erweitert. Die offizielle Feier fand unter Teilnahme des südafrikanischen Vizepräsidenten Kgalema Motlanthe und der UJ-Kanzlerin Wendy Luhabe statt.

Um 1995 forderten mehrere Studentenorganisationen die Reform und einen Personalwechsel an dieser Universität. In Reaktion auf diese Kritik meinte die Universitätsleitung (University Council), dass sie nicht zurücktreten werde und ihre gegenwärtige Aufgabe in einer Transformation hin zu einer demokratischen Hochschuleinrichtung sehe. Die Kritiker machten dagegen geltend, dass die Universitätsleitung illegitim sei, da sie von einer illegitimen Regierung in ihre Ämter eingesetzt wurde. Der damalige Bildungsminister Sibusiso Bengu erklärte im März 1995, dass der bisherige Universitätsrat innerhalb von drei Monaten zurücktreten und durch ein Interimsgremium ersetzt werde. Eine Universitätssprecherin erklärte dazu, dass es dafür erst der Verabschiedung eines neuen Gesetzes bedarf, bevor sich ein neues University Council bilden könne.

Mit dem Nationalen Plan für Hochschulbildung (National Plan for Higher Education), der im Februar 2001 durch einen Kabinettsbeschluss in Kraft trat, begann eine Transformation des südafrikanischen Hochschulsektors. In deren Folge wurde die Vista University aufgelöst und ihre Standorte anderen, teils neu gegründeten Hochschuleinrichtungen zugeordnet.

Akademische Struktur der Hochschule
Um 1996 bestand der akademische Bereich der Universität aus folgenden Fakultäten:
 Arts (Geisteswissenschaften)
 Economics and Management Sciences (Wirtschafts- und Managementlehre)
 Education (Pädagogik)
 Law (Recht)
 Science (Naturwissenschaft)

Das akademische Personal bestand, wie an anderen Universitäten zur Apartheidszeit aus einer weißen Mehrheit. Bei Vista waren es beispielsweise im Jahre 1986 82 Prozent, in Fort Hare dagegen nur 65 Prozent.

Campusstandorte
An folgenden Campusbereichen begannen im Januar 1983 Lehrveranstaltungen:
 Campus Mamelodi (Hinterland Street, Mamelodi Gardens) in Pretoria, am 2. Januar 2004 in die University of Pretoria integriert. Mittels Erweiterungsbauten im Umfang von 45,1 Millionen Rand schuf man hier einen am 22. Juni 1993 eröffneten Campusbereich.

 Campus Soweto (Potchefstroom Road, Power Park) in Orlando, am 1. Januar 2005 in der University of Johannesburg aufgegangen. Der Contact Campus Soweto entstand an einem zeitweiligen Standort in der Koma Road in Dlamini, unweit der Moroka Police Station im Zentrum von Soweto und war der größte Bereich der Vista University.

 Campus Batho (Church Street Ext.) in Bloemfontein, 2004 in die University of the Free State (UFS) integriert.

 Campus Zwide (Uitenhage Road, Zwide) in Port Elizabeth (im Missionvale-Township errichtet). Den Missionvale-Campus, ehemals PE-Campus der Vista University, ordnete man 2004 zunächst der Universität Port Elizabeth zu und fusionierte diesen 2005 mit dem Port Elizabeth Technikon und der Universität Port Elizabeth zur neu geschaffenen Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University.

Später eröffnete Standorte:
 Campus Vaal Triangel (1983 so benannt) oder Sebokeng Campus (Potchefstroom / Vereeniging Road) in Sebokeng, der aus einem Bereich der ehemaligen Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education (PU for CHE) übernommen wurde und schließlich 2004 in der North-West University aufging.

 Der East Rand Campus (Route R51, Boyasview North) in Daveyton, später der North-West University angegliedert.

 Der Welkom Campus (Mothusi Road) in Thabong, mit Wirkung vom 2. Januar 2004 in das Technikon Free State eingegliedert.

 Der Distance Education Campus (VUDEC) in Pretoria (219 Skinner Street) wurde als Fernstudienbereich der Vista University gegründet und ging im Rahmen der Transformation des Hochschulwesens mit Wirkung vom 1. Februar 2002 zur wesentlich älteren Fernuniversität UNISA über. Der Überleitungsprozess erstreckte sich bis in das Jahr 2004. Das frühere Ministerium für Bildung und Ausbildung (Department of Education and Training) hatte zum 1. April 1982 die Zuständigkeit über diesen Bereich übernommen.

Während der Gründungsphase der Universität waren auch Standorte in Vereeniging und in Kapstadt vorgesehen. Diese Erweiterungen wurden nicht verwirklicht.

Der Central Campus mit der Hauptverwaltung hatte die Adresse 263 Skinner Street (heute Nana Sita Street), im Zentrum von Pretoria liegend.

Partnerschaften
Die Vista University unterhielt mit der amerikanischen University of Central Florida in Verbindung mit zwei Colleges eine Partnerschaft.

Periodika der Universität
 Vista University Research Journal
 Vista update
 Igugu. Vista University Alumni magazine

Leitendes Personal
Das leitende Personal der Vista University vor 1994 setzte sich überwiegend aus einem Personenkreis zusammen, der nicht aus den führenden und tendenziell apartheidkritischen Universitäten des Landes entstammte.

Chancellors
 1985–1992 Richard Naphtali Gugushe (von 1983 bis 1985 Principal des Soweto Contact Campus) um 1975 Geschäftsführer des Minister-Beirats für Bantu-Erziehungswesen
 1998–2002 Mathole Motshekga (von 1998 bis 1999 Premierminister der Provinz Gauteng)

Rectors
 1982–1987 Cas F. Crouse
 1987–1994 Schalk Willem Burger Engelbrecht

Executive Vice-Chancellors
 1996–2000 H. P. Africa
 2000–2003 Clement Tsehloane Keto

Acting Vice-Chancellor
 2003–2004 Sipho Seepe

Weiterführende Literatur
 Vista University (Hrsg.): Vista University installation of chancellor: promotion ceremonies: 1985. Pretoria 1985.
 Hettie M. van der Merwe: The Vudec merger: a recording of what was and a reflection on gains and losses. In: South African Journal of Higher Education. Volume 21 (2007), Ausgabe 3, S. 537–551   Abstract. auf www.ajol.info (englisch).
 Martin Hall, Ashley Symes, Thierry Leucher, Council on Higher Education: The Governance of Merger in South African Higher Education. Pretoria 2004, ISBN 1-919856-39-0, auf www.thierry.konstruktiv.li (englisch).
 John A. Marcum: Black Education in South Africa: Key or Chimera?. In: CSIS Africa Notes. (A publication of the African Studies Program of The Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies), Nr. 41 (1985) 15. April. online auf www.csis.org (englisch).
 Sipho Seepe: Towards an African Identity of Higher Education. Vista University und Skotaville, Pretoria 2004, ISBN 1-86828-175-2.
 Sipho Seepe: The story of Vista University: 21st anniversary. Vista University, Pretoria 2004.

Einzelnachweise

Universität in Südafrika
Ehemalige Hochschule
Apartheid
Bildung in Pretoria
Organisation (Pretoria)
Historische Organisation (Südafrika)

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text:
Columbia University > Law School
Library | Pegasus
Arthur W. Diamond Law Library Research Guides
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{{Guide|title=Human Rights Research Guide|email=alice.izumo@law.columbia.edu|author=Aslihan Bulut|updated=December 19, 2014}}
{{Guide|title=Human Rights Research Guide|email=alice.izumo@law.columbia.edu|author=Aslihan Bulut, updated by Alice Izumo|updated=December 23, 2014}}
This guide provides an overview of useful sources for research on international human rights law, with an emphasis on free online sources and sources available through Diamond Law Library and other Columbia University libraries.
Revision as of 16:06, 23 December 2014
Human Rights Research Guide
Written by Aslihan Bulut, updated by Alice Izumo Last Updated December 23, 2014
This is a selective list of sources. For additional research advice, please contact the librarians at the Reference Desk. For directions and reference hours, see the Diamond Law Library homepage.
1 Background & Reference Sources
1.1 Quick Introductions
1.2 Dictionaries
1.4 Directories
1.5 Handbooks & Other Sources for Practitioners
2 Human Rights Organizations
2.1 Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
2.2 Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
3 Human Rights Treaties
3.1 Collections of Treaties
3.2 Individual Treaties
3.2.1 Universal (Global) Treaties & Instruments
3.2.2 Regional Treaties & Instruments
4 Interpretation & Application of International Human Rights Law
4.1 UN Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms
4.1.1 Treaty Monitoring Bodies
4.1.2 Special Rapporteurs & Other Special Procedures
4.1.3 Universal Periodic Review
4.2 International Court of Justice
4.3 International Criminal Court
4.4 European Court of Human Rights & Other Council of Europe Bodies
4.5 Inter-American System
4.6 Truth Commissions and Ad Hoc Tribunals
5 How Can I Find Laws Related to Human Rights in a Specific Country?
6 How Can I Find Information About the Human Rights Situation in a Specific Country?
8 Journals
9 Bibliographies and Research Guides
Background & Reference Sources
This list of background and reference sources focuses on dictionaries, encyclopedias and directories that were published or updated since 2000. To see more of these types of sources available at Diamond Law Library, including older editions, please search on Pegasus for the following Subjects:
Human rights -- Dictionaries
Human rights-- Encyclopedias
International law -- Encyclopedias
Human rights -- Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Most of the background and reference sources in this list are in print format. Databases and other electronic resources are marked [electronic resource].
Quick Introductions
International Human Rights in a Nutshell, 4th edition by Thomas Buergenthal, Dinah Shelton & David P. Stewart (West, 2009)
An excellent compact introduction to the international law of human rights. Includes a table of cases with full citations.
A Dictionary of Human Rights, 2nd edition by David Robertson (Europa Publications, 2004)
Professor Robertson describes his book as "a series of small essays," each one covering a major concept, legal instrument, or organization related to human rights. The book includes a handy appendix that reprints some fundamental human rights texts, including international treaties and national laws from France, Germany, Canada, Hungary, the former Czechoslovakia, Israel, and South Africa.
Dictionary of International Human Rights Law by Connie de la Vega (Edward Elgar, 2013)
This book provides one-paragraph definitions of concepts, legal instruments, and organizations related to human rights. The appendix is a list of 259 human rights treaties and other international and national legal instruments; each one has a short description, citation, and URL.
A Handbook of International Human Rights Terminology, 2nd edition by H. Victor Condé (University of Nebraska Press, 2004)
This book is primarily intended for students who are new to the study of human rights. The dictionary section contains brief explanations of human rights-related concepts, legal instruments, and organizations. Comprehensive appendixes include an appendix on "Official Citations for Human Rights and Related Instruments."
Historical Dictionary of Human Rights and Humanitarian Organizations, 2nd edition by Robert F. Gorman & Edward S. Mihalkanin (Scarecrow Press, 2007)
Provides brief descriptions of major organizations (private, governmental, national, and international), people, concepts, treaties, and other legal instruments related to human rights and humanitarian law. Includes a chronology of events and an extensive subject bibliography.
Lexicon of Human Rights = Les Définitions des Droits de l'Homme by Cédric Viale (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2008)
In most human rights dictionaries, each entry is a definition written by the author(s). However, in this book, each entry is a compilation of direct quotations from treaties and other human rights instruments. Another unique feature of this book is that it provides the same text twice: the first half in English, the second half in French.
Encyclopedia of Human Rights David P. Forsythe, editor in chief (Oxford University Press, 2009)
This 5-volume encyclopedia focuses on 1945 to the present (2009), with some coverage of prior developments. It covers concepts, organizations (governmental and non-governmental, global, regional, and national), people, and situations related to human rights. It includes entries on the human rights situation in contemporary as well as historical countries and regions; for example, there are entries on both the Democratic Republic of Congo and on the Belgian Congo. The entries are written by scholars and practitioners from various countries. The last volume includes an extensive index.
Encyclopedia of Human Rights, 2nd ed. by Edward Lawson (Taylor & Francis, 1996)
This 1,715-page single-volume compendium covers the years between 1945 and 1996. Published with the cooperation of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights / Centre for Human Rights, this encyclopedia relies primarily on the reports of UN institutions such as Special Rapporteurs and human rights treaty-monitoring bodies. It includes entries on people (in particular, Nobel Peace Prize winners), concepts, international organizations (governmental and non-governmental), treaties, and other human rights instruments (with citations to the official sources). Unlike most other dictionaries and encyclopedias, this book also includes entries on the state of human rights in 186 countries and territories. The appendixes contain a chronological list of documents included in this work. A glossary and a subject index are also available.
An Encyclopedia of Human Rights in the United States, 2nd ed. by H. Victor Condé (Grey House Publishing, 2011)
Two-volume set of books focused on international human rights as they relate to the United States, from the founding to the present. The table of contents is available on Pegasus. The first part, Terms (270 pages), is an alphabetical dictionary of human rights concepts and organizations. The second part, Primary Documents, reprints 106 treaties, speeches, UN documents, and other materials. The third part, Appendixes, includes various charts, chronologies, and lists of US legislation and cases related to human rights law, among other reference materials. This encyclopedia is intended for the general public, not just lawyers or law students.
International Encyclopedia of Human Rights: Freedoms, Abuses, and Remedies by Robert L. Maddex (CQ Press, 2000)
A useful source for beginner researchers looking for brief explanations of key concepts, organizations, international agreements, and other documents significant to the historical development of human rights. Short biographies of major figures are also included.
Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (Oxford University Press, updated periodically) [electronic resource]
This is the online edition of the Encyclopedia of Public International Law previously published in print. This comprehensive reference work contains articles written by scholars and practitioners dealing with all aspects of public international law, including basic principles, rules, and summaries of important decisions. A useful source for a description and an evaluation of public international law subjects with the relevant legal situations, including many human rights-related topics. Each article is marked with the date it was last updated.
United Nations – Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA) civil society organization database [electronic resource]
An extensive NGO database that can be searched by various fields, including country and type of organization. Information is available in multiple languages.
World Directory of Human Rights Research and Training Institutions, 6th edition (UNESCO, 2003), also available as an [electronic resource] through the UNESCO website
Prepared by the Social and Human Sciences Documentation Centre and the Division of Human Rights of UNESCO this directory provides much more than contact information. The entries are annotated and there are several finding aids including subject and specialist indexes.
Human Rights Organizations & Periodicals Directory, 13th edition (Meiklejohn Civil Liberties Institute, 2013)
This directory focuses on organizations and publications in the United States that work on human rights problems in the U.S., although some also work on such issues in other countries. Alphabetical guide with full contact information, geographical index by state, list of internships, periodical index, and subject index are some of the useful features included.
Dictionary of Human Rights Advocacy Organizations in Africa by Santosh Saha (Greenwood Press, 1999)
This directory includes governmental and non-governmental organizations. For each organization, there is a brief description of its work and at least one reference. Many entries also mention the organization's history and reputation. The organizations are listed alphabetically by name, and there is also a country index useful for researchers seeking organizations in a specific nation in Africa.
National Human Rights Institutions in the Asia Pacific Region by Brian Burdekin & Jason Naum (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2007)
This source is much more than a directory. It is a collection of select international materials and comparative tables to enable the researcher to compare the established national (i.e. governmental) human rights institutions in the Asia Pacific region. The bulk of the text is dedicated to the relevant legislation of the countries in the region, making this a valuable reference source. One of the authors, Brian Burdekin, previously served as Special Advisor on National Institutions for the United Nations High Commissioners for Human Rights.
Handbooks & Other Sources for Practitioners
There are many handbooks, manuals, and other sources of practical advice for lawyers, judges, prosecutors, police, journalists, teachers, and others whose work involves the application of human rights law.
Many are available for free online, mainly from inter-governmental organizations (IGOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). You can find them using a search engine like Google.
To find these types of sources available in print at Diamond Law Library, please try these searches on Pegasus:
Subject: Human rights -- Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Subject: human rights AND Keyword: handbook
Subject: human rights AND Keyword: manual
Human Rights Organizations
Below is a selected list of major organizations that monitor human rights situations around the world and/or contribute to the development of human rights law. To find more, see the directories suggested in this research guide.
Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
See Diamond Law Library's Research Guide: The United Nations. Relevant UN bodies include:
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)
Human rights treaty monitoring bodies See the Treaty Monitoring Bodies section of this research guide
Special Rapporteurs and other Special Procedures
Council of Europe (CoE)
See Diamond Law Library's Research Guide : The European Human Rights System and the European Court of Human Rights. Relevant CoE bodies include:
European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT)
European Committee of Social Rights
Relevant bodies include:
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
The African Court on Human and People's Rights
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR)
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
Maastricht Centre for Human Rights
Human Rights Internet
African Center for Democracy and Human Rights Studies
Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa (IHRDA)
Center for Justice and International Law (CEJIL)
Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales (CELS)
Derechos Human Rights
Human Rights Treaties
Collections of Treaties
There are several general collections of treaties available to Columbia Law School students and faculty, including HeinOnline, Westlaw, Lexis, and the free online United Nations Treaty Collection. More details can be found in Diamond Law Library's Guide to Treaty Research.
Below is a list of specialized collections of treaties and other instruments related to human rights. Some of these collections are in print, and some are online databases, which are marked [electronic resource].
Human Rights: A Compilation of International Instruments (United Nations, 2002)
This compilation, prepared by the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), includes instruments adopted by the International Labour Organization (ILO), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). This compilation includes only the text of the instruments, no annotations.
International Human Rights Instruments: A Compilation of Treaties, Agreements, and Declarations of Especial Interest to the United States by Richard B. Lillich, ed. (Hein, 1990)
Although this compilation of treaties is no longer up to date, it is still useful for its annotations. This compilation includes: human rights treaties that the U.S. was a party to; treaties that the U.S. had signed but not ratified; treaties that the U.S. had not signed; and other international human rights instruments (e.g. Universal Declaration of Human Rights). Useful annotations include U.S. government action taken in regard to the instrument, a selected bibliography of books and articles related to the instrument, and a list of U.S. federal and state judicial decisions in which the instrument is cited or discussed.
University of Minnesota Human Rights Library - Human Rights Treaties and Other Instruments [electronic resource]
This is a great online collection of treaties, organized by subject and by country. Also look at the entire University of Minnesota Human Rights Library, which has over 65,000 documents and counting.
Individual Treaties
Treaties and other human rights instruments are published in various sources (see The Bluebook, 19th edition, Rule 21.4.5 and Table T4), including:
UNTS = United Nations Treaty Series, available in print and online through the United Nations Treaty Collection
ILM = International Legal Materials, available in print and online through HeinOnline
UST = United States Treaties and Other International Agreements, available in print and online through HeinOnline
S. Treaty Doc. = Senate Treaty Documents, available online through HeinOnline
OASTS = Organization of American States Treaty Series, available in print
ETS = European Treaty Series, available in print
Below is a list of major treaties and other human rights instruments. This list is not exhaustive.
For each treaty or other human rights instrument listed below, we have provided citations to one or more of the sources where it has been published. Wherever possible, we have provided a direct link to text of the document.
Universal (Global) Treaties & Instruments
Core Human Rights Treaties:
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) (1965)
660 UNTS 195
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) (1966)
6 ILM 368
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) (1966)
993 UNTS 3
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) (1979)
1249 UNTS 13
19 ILM 33
Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT) (1984)
S. Treaty Doc. No. 100-20 (scroll to page ii after the page loads)
23 ILM 1027
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (1989)
1577 UNTS 3
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (1990)
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) (2006)
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006)
Other Human Rights Treaties & Instruments:
GA Res. 217A (III), UN Doc A/810 at 71 (1948) (available on microficheand online through the Official Document System of the United Nations
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948)
78 UNTS 277
102 Stat 3045 (Genocide Convention Implementation Act of 1987)
Geneva Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (1949)
75 UNTS 31
6 UST 3114
Geneva Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea (1949)
Geneva Convention (III) Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1949)
Geneva Convention (IV) Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (1949)
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (Refugee Convention) (1951)
19 UST 6223
Regional Treaties & Instruments
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
1520 UNTS 217
American Convention on Human Rights
OASTS No. 36
9 ILM 99)
Arab Charter on Human Rights (2004)
English translations available in the University of Minnesota Human Rights Library and 24 B.U. Int'l L.J. 147
ASEAN Human Rights Declaration
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, also known as the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
ETS No. 5
Interpretation & Application of International Human Rights Law
A variety of institutions interpret and apply international human rights law through monitoring activities, court proceedings, and other adjudicative procedures. Most of these institutions post their recent decisions, reports, and other publications on their websites. Some older materials may be available only in print or microfiche.
You can also find such materials on the websites of human rights organizations (see this research guide's section on human rights organizations).
UN Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms
Documents related to UN human rights monitoring mechanisms are available on their websites linked below. You can also do an aggregated search using the Universal Human Rights Index, the charter-based bodies document search, or the treaty bodies document search. For general advice on searching for UN documents, see Diamond Law Library's Research Guide: The United Nations.
Treaty Monitoring Bodies
Each of the core international human rights treaties has a corresponding treaty monitoring body (also called a treaty body), a committee of independent experts that monitors implementation of that treaty.
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965)
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)
Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979)
Committee against Torture
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984)
Committee on the Rights of the Child
Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)
Committee on Migrant Workers
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (1990)
Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006)
Committee on Enforced Disappearances
Important documents to look for include:
General Comments interpreting treaty provisions
Documentation related to the committee's review of individual states parties' compliance with the treaty, including state reports, NGO reports, and the committee's Concluding Observations
Documentation related to complaints against states parties
Special Rapporteurs & Other Special Procedures
The Special Rapporteurs, Working Groups, and other special procedures of the Human Rights Council are independent experts that monitor human rights related to a particular country or thematic issue.
All member states of the United Nations undergo a Universal Periodic Review of the human rights situation in the state, conducted under the auspices of the Human Rights Council. Documentation related to the UPR includes reports from the state, UN bodies, NGOs, and the Human Rights Council.
See Diamond Law Library's International Court of Justice Research Guide.
See Diamond Law Library's International Criminal Law Research Guide
European Court of Human Rights & Other Council of Europe Bodies
See Diamond Law Library's European Human Rights System and the European Court of Human Rights Research Guide.
Major bodies that interpret and apply international human rights law (in particular the European Convention on Human Rights and other regional instruments) include:
Major bodies that interpret and apply international human rights law (in particular the American Convention on Human Rights and other regional instruments) include:
Truth Commissions and Ad Hoc Tribunals
Ad hoc tribunals and truth and reconciliation commissions have been established in many countries following massive human rights abuses. Amnesty International and the United States Institute of Peace have lists of truth commissions, though they are not comprehensive, as new tribunals and commissions continue to be established.
The following collections aggregate records from multiple tribunals and commissions:
United States Institute of Peace, Margarita S. Studemeister Digital Library in International Conflict Management: includes Truth Commissions Digital Collection and Peace Agreements Digital Collection
Global War Crimes Tribunal Collection (Global Law Association, 1997- )
Individual Tribunals and Commissions
Many tribunals and commissions, especially those that were established recently, have websites where they post records including founding documents, court/commission decisions, and reports. When viewing websites available in multiple languages, it may be helpful to switch to the vernacular, as some websites have not translated all of their content into English.
Records of some tribunals and commissions are also available in print and microfiche in Diamond Law Library. You can find them by searching by subject or keyword on Pegasus.
For information about the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), see Diamond Law Library's Research Guide: International Criminal Law.
How Can I Find Laws Related to Human Rights in a Specific Country?
To find the domestic laws of a foreign country, two of the best places to start are research guides about that country and secondary sources like books, journals and human rights reports. Once you have established a basic background, continue your research using foreign law databases.
Foreign Law Research Guides
A good foreign law research guide will briefly describe the legal system in that country, and explain where you can find statutes, cases, regulations, and other sources of law in the vernacular and in English. Research guides are available in print and online, for free and by subscription. You can find foreign law research guides in several ways:
Use a search engine (like Google) to search for [insert country name] law research guide
Search on Pegasus for: Subject: legal research AND Keyword: [country name]
Published by the Hauser Global Law School Program at NYU School of Law, Globalex is an excellent collection of research guides on most countries. It also has comparative law research guides on specific themes. Many of the research guides are authored by local attorneys and law librarians.
Foreign Law Guide (also known as "Reynolds & Flores")
Foreign Law Guide is a set of extensive research guides on almost every country. Although it is commonly referred to as "Reynolds and Flores," the names of the two original authors, today it is updated by many other authors. Originally, Foreign Law Guide was published in print, but today it is updated only online.
Guides to Foreign Legal Research
Diamond Law Library's list of foreign law research guides, organized by country. This list includes research guides from Globalex and Foreign Law Guide.
Diamond Law Library's research guides page has several foreign law research guides, including:
Finding Foreign Law Resources on the Internet
An Introduction to African Legal Resources
Links to Sources of Japanese Law
Researchers in the United States may find it challenging to access the laws of some foreign countries for various reasons. For example, the official publication containing the text of the laws may not be available online or in U.S. libraries, or the laws may not be translated into English. Books, journals, law reviews, human rights organization reports, and other secondary sources may help you by providing a description or translation of the laws. See this research guide's sections on Books and Journals.
Foreign Law Databases
Foreign law databases available to Columbia Law School students include:
World Legal Information Institute (WorldLII): free online resource that aggregates content from many affiliated regional and national databases.
Diamond Law Library subscribes to a number of foreign law databases
How Can I Find Information About the Human Rights Situation in a Specific Country?
You can find reporting on human rights violations (or human rights protections) in a particular country through various government, non-governmental organization (NGO), and news sources. If possible, try searching for information in the local language as well as in English.
The resources listed below are good places to start your research:
U.S. State Department Human Rights Reports
Annual reports by the State Department on the human rights situation in every country. The reports are available online for all years, and in print up to 2010 in Diamond Law Library.
Canadian Immigration and Refugee Board National Documentation Packages
Human Rights Watch regularly publishes reports and other advocacy material on specific human rights issues in specific countries. It also produces an annual review of human rights in most countries, called "World Report." You can search by country and issue on Human Rights Watch's website.
Amnesty International publishes an annual human rights report ("State of the World") every spring, as well as reports, open letters, and other advocacy material throughout the year. You can search by country and issue on its website.
Database managed by the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), containing a vast repository of documents related to human rights in all countries. It includes not only UN documents, but also documents by a variety of other organizations, governments, and individuals. You can search by country or keyword.
You can do an aggregated search of UN human rights monitoring mechanisms' findings on a particular country using the Universal Human Rights Index, the charter-based bodies document search, or the treaty bodies document search. See this research guide's section on UN Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms.
To find books in the Columbia University library system, use the online library catalogs. As human rights is an interdisciplinary topic, it is a good idea to search in multiple libraries at Columbia. In each library catalog, you can search by various fields including subject, title, author, and keyword. You can do a combined search of multiple fields by using advanced search.
Law school library (Diamond Law Library) catalog
Suggested subject searches on Pegasus:
Human rights advocacy
Social rights
Truth commissions
CLIO includes several Columbia libraries, including the law school library (Diamond Law Library), the main university library (Butler Library), and the libraries of the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), business school, journalism school, and social work school.
Columbia University Libraries Human Rights Research Guide
Special collections in the Columbia University Libraries include:
Center for Human Rights Documentation & Research (CHRDR)
Columbia Center for Oral History Archives (CCOHA)
Suggested subject searches on CLIO:
human rights [insert country name]
Teacher's College library catalog
Suggested subject searches on EDUCAT:
To find books in libraries outside of Columbia, use WorldCat. Columbia Law School students who wish to borrow books from outside of Columbia through inter-library loan (ILL) must consult the librarians at the reference desk.
If you need advice on searching for books, contact the librarians at the reference desk. For reference desk hours, see the Diamond Law Library homepage.
Indexes can help you broaden the scope of your search beyond what is covered in the major full-text databases like Westlaw, Lexis, and HeinOnline Law Journal Library. Indexes may cover more journals, over a more extended period of time. Indexes also provide more sophisticated search functions, such as searching by subject, country of publication, and language. For international human rights law research, the Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals may be especially helpful because it covers hundreds of journals published worldwide in multiple languages. See a list of indexes available through Diamond Law Library.
Selective List of Human Rights Journals
Note that some of these journals, especially those published outside of the U.S., are not available on Westlaw, Lexis, and/or HeinOnline.
African Human Rights Law Journal (Lansdowne, South Africa: Juta Law (2001-2012); Pretoria, South Africa: Pretoria University Law Press (2013- ))
Available in print and on HeinOnline.
Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law (The Hague; Boston: Kluwer Law International)
Columbia Human Rights Law Review
Available in print and on HeinOnline, Westlaw and Lexis. Articles from recent years are available on the Columbia Human Rights Law Review website.
European Human Rights Law Review (London : Sweet & Maxwell)
Harvard Human Rights Journal
Available in print and on HeinOnline, Westlaw and Lexis. Articles from recent years are available on the Harvard Human Rights Journal website.
Human Rights: a Quarterly Review of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Available in print.
Human Rights Law Journal: HRLJ
Human Rights Quarterly (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press)
Journal of Human Rights (London: Carfax Publishing)
The International Journal of Human Rights (London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd)
International Journal on Minority and Group Rights (The Hague; Boston: Kluwer Law International)
Available in print and on HeinOnline
Muslim World Journal of Human Rights (De Gruyter)
Available through De Gruyter website.
Yale Human Rights & Development Law Journal
Available in print and on HeinOnline, Westlaw and Lexis. Older articles are available on the Yale Human Rights & Development Law Journal website.
Bibliographies and Research Guides
There are many free online research guides related to human rights. Below are some suggestions:
University of Minnesota Human Rights Library - list of Bibliographies and Guides
American Society of International Law - the Electronic Resource Guide has several relevant chapters, including International Human Rights by Marci Hoffman
American Society of International Law - the Electronic Information System for International Law covers several relevant topics, including International Human Rights
University of California, Berkeley Law Library - International Human Rights Law
Georgetown Law Library - Human Rights Law Research Guide
GlobaLex (published by NYU School of Law) - collection of research guides includes a general International Human Rights Research Guide by Grace M. Mills and a number of research guides on more specialized human rights-related topics
United Nations, Dag Hammarskjöld Library - UN Documentation: Human Rights
Columbia University Libraries - Human Rights Research Guide
Retrieved from "http://library.law.columbia.edu/w/index.php?title=Human_Rights&oldid=1153"
Import a Page
Wiki Editing Guide
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Did He Forget? Joe Biden Claims That No American Troops Are In Syria – Alarming Considering That 900 U.S. Troops Including Green Berets Are Currently Stationed There [VIDEO]
By B.K. House | Aug 19, 2021
Can this administration get any more obtuse?
Joe Biden outrageously told George Stephanopoulos that "…We don't have military in Syria," despite having 900 troops stationed there.
Earlier we reported on Joe Biden's penchant for making false statements, whether intentional or out of sheer confusion.
During an interview last night, Joe Biden made several false statements. One of the statements is a complete denial that people are being killed at or near the airport in Kabul. Watch below as Joe Biden tries to lie his way out of responsibility for the deaths of numerous people in Afghanistan:
More clips from the interview shows just how out-of-touch Biden is with what's going on in Afghanistan:
ABC's George Stephanopoulos interviewed Joe Biden, and it can only be described as a car-wreck of an interview. Biden was dismissive of any truth that came his way. He even dismissed the fact that Afghans were falling out of planes by saying, "That was four or five days ago!" No, Joe, it was just two days ago. But that's not the point. When it happened has nothing to do with the fact that it happened and is a tragedy. He ignored that.
Biden also tried to say that no matter what, the pull-out in Afghanistan would be chaotic. This is not true. It's a fact that Biden ignored President Trump's plan to withdraw in stages. Mark Levin set the record straight in the video below where he talks about how Trump had a plan, and it was not to withdraw the way Biden did, leaving people stranded.
Joe also says he doesn't think the Afghanistan withdrawal was a failure, and still seemingly agrees with his past assessment that a Taliban takeover of Afghanistan was "highly unlikely".
In response to all of the brazen lies, finger-pointing, blame-shifting, confusion, falsehoods, and denials coming out of the White House, one astute commenter on YouTube remarked:
"All the people who voted for him are currently rolling in their graves ."


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The Directors of Clever Digit Media are delighted to announce that from Friday 21st May 2021 our business and websites will be owned and operated by Ancestry.com UK Limited. All of the Clever Digit Media team will continue to work from Melksham, UK, and remain responsible for all the key functions required for the successful operation of our website products.
We are looking forward to the future with great optimism as our business has much to benefit from the involvement of Ancestry, and we believe that Clever Digit Media in return adds an authoritative and specialist brand to the Ancestry family.
We are looking forward to the future with great excitement.
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Moisture wicking fiber
Hydration perspiration fiber development background
In recent years, people have become increasingly demanding about the comfort, health, safety, and environmental protection of apparel fabrics. With the increase in people's outdoor activities, the tendency for casual wear and sportswear to penetrate and integrate with each other is also increasing. More and more popular among consumers, the fabrics of such garments require both good comfort and comfort. In the event of sweating, garments do not stick to the skin and produce a cold and damp sensation.
As a result, new requirements for the moisture absorption and perspiration function have been proposed for the fibers of the fabric.
It is well-known that cotton is taken as an example of natural fiber, and its moisture absorption performance is good, and it is comfortable to wear. However, when the amount of sweating of a person is slightly larger, the cotton fiber expands due to moisture absorption, its luck is reduced and it sticks to the skin, and at the same time, the water diverges. The speed is also slower, thus giving the human body a sense of coldness and dampness. The polyester fiber, for example, has low water absorbency and poor moisture permeability due to its static electricity accumulation and can easily cause entanglement problems during wear, especially during activities. Prone to hot feeling.
Synthetic fibers have long played an important role in satisfying society's growing clothing. Among them, mainly polyesters have been used. Since the industrialization of polyesters, research on polyester modification has been continuously carried out. Of course, increasing the absorption and moisture permeability of terylenes is the production of terylenes in various countries. And research and development departments are most concerned about R & D direction.
In the domestic textile market in recent years, the demand for moisture-absorbing and sweat-reducing textiles has gradually increased, which has attracted the attention of people in the industry.
Moisture absorption and drainage properties of moisture-wicking fibers
The moisture wicking properties of fibers depend on their chemical composition and physical structure morphology. Gaseous moisture evaporating from the surface of the skin is first absorbed by the fibrous material (ie, absorbed) and then released through the surface of the material; while the liquid moisture on the skin surface is formed by pores (capillaries, micropores, grooves) inside the fiber and between the fibers. The capillary effect produced by the voids causes moisture to adsorb, diffuse, and evaporate (ie, release moisture) across the surface of the material. The effect of both effects leads to the migration of water. The former effect is mainly related to the chemical composition of the macromolecules, and the latter effect is related to the physical structure of the fibers.
Moisture absorption and perspiration fibers generally have a high specific surface area, and the surface has a large number of holes or grooves. The cross section is generally a special shape. The use of the capillary effect enables the fiber to rapidly absorb the moisture and sweat on the skin surface, through diffusion, Passed to the outer belt.
Absorbency of fiber
Moisture absorbing and wicking fiber has the characteristics of water absorption. It is the surface of the fiber that has many microporous or fibril gaps and surface grooves communicated between the inside and outside, which makes it easy for moisture to enter the fiber. At the same time, many tubular grooves along the fiber axis or The capillary tube provides a channel for moisture migration, so the fiber has good water absorption. After water absorption, the phenomenon of swelling due to absorption of water does not occur.
Dryness of fiber
The moisture between polyesters is mainly held by the fibers by a large amount of microporous capillary attraction, or mechanically held in the interfiber capillary. At normal ambient temperatures moisture is easily transported to the surface of the fiber and evaporates.
Hygroscopic Perspiration Polyester Production Method
Because polyester is a highly crystalline fiber. There is no hydrophilic group in the main chain, so it is hydrophobic and has poor moisture absorption and perspiration. Therefore, the clothes are poor in moisture permeability and have a sultry feeling. Another kind of trouble caused by static electricity is easy to accumulate. Throughout the development of moisture wicking polyester. Mainly through physical and chemical modification, or a combination of both.
Special shaped fiber
Changing the shape of the spinneret hole is a simple, intuitive and effective way to increase the moisture permeability of the fiber. Many grooves are generated mainly in the longitudinal direction of the profiled fiber. The wicking effect of fibers through these grooves serves to absorb moisture. "Coolmax" polyester produced by DuPont. Its cross-section is a unique cross-shaped, longitudinal fiber surface into four slots. The second area is 20% larger than the conventional circular section, so the wicking performance is higher than that of conventional polyester.
Polymeric styrene oligomer blends or composite spinning
The hydrophilic-group-containing polymer and the polyester chips are blended and spun while the moisture-wicking fibers are produced using specially designed shaped spinnerets.
The polyester slice and the hydrophilic polymer are compounded with a spinning core to distort the moisture wicking fiber. The hydrophilic polymer is usually the core layer of the composite fiber, while polyester is the skin layer. Hydrophilic polymers are generally polyether modified polyesters and hydrophilic modified polyamides. The two components play a role of moisture absorption and moisture conduction, respectively, and the composite fiber has the functions of moisture absorption and moisture conduction and achieves the effect of moisture absorption and perspiration.
Graft copolymerization
Through the graft copolymerization method, hydrophilic genes are introduced into the macromolecular structure to increase the moisture absorption and perspiration function of the fiber. Usually attract carboxyl, amide, hydroxyl and amino, and increase the affinity for water. At the same time as raw material modification, proper spinning process is also needed to make the fiber porous and have a larger specific surface area.
Ekslive, a breathable polyester fabric developed by Japan Toyo, is a hygroscopic wicking function obtained by blending polyacrylate powder (known as mystery powder) with polyester, and removing heat by moisture absorption to improve the saturated water absorbency of polyester fabrics. It is said that in 2002 sales of 2 billion yen was about 4 million meters, 60% of the products were woven fabrics, and 35% were knitted fabrics. Komatsu Serien, on the other hand, grafted silk compounds onto polyester fibers to produce absorbent polyester.
From the current industrialization of moisture-wicking polyester, it seems that the main method is to use physical methods to spin the three special-shaped fibers of "+", "Y", and "T", and there are also fine grooves in the surface in order to enhance the strength. Perspiration wicking function.
Fiber's general specifications and fabric properties
Moisture wicking fiber is mainly used to make fiber cross-section profile (Y-shaped, cross-shaped, W-shaped and bone-shaped, etc.) to form a groove on the surface of the fiber. With the wicking and guiding wet structure of the groove, the skin moisture and sweat can be quickly absorbed. , And instantly excreted, and then spread by the fabric of the table fiber sweat and quickly evaporated, so as to achieve moisture wicking, regulate body temperature purposes, so that the skin remains dry and cool.
At present, the most widely used and most effective ones are the moisture wicking fibers produced by cross-section production. Such as: DuPont's Coolmax fiber, Taiwan Far East Textile Topcool fiber, Taiwan's Zhongxing Textile Coolplus fiber.
Moisture wicking common specifications are: fiber: 1.4D * 38mm, filament type: 50D/72F, 100D/144F, 150D/144F, 75D/72F, 75D/48F, 75D/36F, 100D/72F, 100D/48F, 150D/96F, 150D/48F, etc.; Yarn category: 16S/1, 20S/1, 30S/1, 32S, 40S, 50S, 60S, etc. In addition, the moisture-wicking fiber and cotton, hemp, Tencel and other raw materials blended yarns are also emerging.
Moisture wicking fiber woven fabrics are widely used in sportswear, outdoor, tourism and casual wear, underwear and other fields due to their excellent properties such as light weight, moisture permeability, quick-drying, cool, comfortable, easy to clean, and ironing-free. Well received by consumers. In the market, from woven to knitted, from fiber to yarn, from fabrics to garments, home textiles, moisture-wicking fiber products are everywhere, and a complete moisture-wicking fiber industrial chain has been formed.
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William John Wedlock dit Billy Wedlock, né le  à Bristol et mort le  dans la même ville, était un footballeur anglais des années 1900 et 1910.

Biographie
En tant que défenseur, Billy Wedlock fut international anglais à 26 reprises (1907-1914) pour deux buts inscrits. Ses deux buts furent marqués en 1908 et en 1914 contre le Pays de Galles. Il remporta avec l'Angleterre le British Home Championship en 1908.

Il fit toute sa carrière au Bristol City Football Club, de 1900 à 1901 et de 1905 à 1921, remportant une deuxième division anglaise en 1906, terminant deuxième de première division en 1907, et fut finaliste en 1909 de la coupe d'Angleterre. Il y disputa 403 matchs pour 17 buts inscrits en dix-sept saisons.

Son petit-fils fut le chanteur britannique de musique folk, Fred Wedlock.

Clubs
 1900-1901 et 1905-1921 :  Bristol City Football Club

Palmarès
 Championnat d'Angleterre de football de deuxième division
 Champion en 1906
 Championnat d'Angleterre de football
 Vice-champion en 1907
 British Home Championship
 Vainqueur en 1908
 Coupe d'Angleterre de football
 Finaliste en 1909

Liens externes

Naissance en octobre 1880
Décès en janvier 1965
Footballeur international anglais
Joueur du Bristol City FC
Naissance à Bristol (Royaume-Uni)
Décès à 84 ans
Décès à Bristol (Royaume-Uni)


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Home Inter Partes Review The Supreme Court Decides Arthrex, Giving the PTO Director Discretion to Review PTAB Decisions
The Supreme Court Decides Arthrex, Giving the PTO Director Discretion to Review PTAB Decisions
By Sandip H. Patel on June 23, 2021 Posted in Appeals, Inter Partes Review, IPR
On June 21, 2021, the Supreme Court issued a decision vacating the Federal Circuit's judgment in Arthrex, Inc. v. Smith & Nephew, Inc., 941 F.3d 1320 (Fed. Cir. 2019). As we previously explained, the Federal Circuit in Arthrex held that the AIA was unconstitutional in that administrative patent judges (APJs) have the authority of principal officers, but the statute provides for their appointment by the Secretary of Commerce, rather than by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. To remediate that constitutional violation, the court severed the relevant statutory provision that restricts the Patent Office Director's authority to remove an APJ for cause. This, the court determined, would render the APJs inferior officers and avoid a violation of the Constitution's Appointments Clause. The APJs' past actions in Arthrex were not valid, according to the court. So, the court remanded for a new hearing before a new panel of APJs whose appointments were now valid in view of the court's decision severing the statutory removal restriction. Neither the parties nor the government (Patent Office) found this decision satisfying. They all unsuccessfully petitioned for rehearing and, thereafter, successfully petitioned the Supreme Court to review the judgment. The Court has now agreed with the Federal Circuit that the APJs were unconstitutionally appointed, but remedied that violation in a different way.
At the Supreme Court, no one disputed that APJs are officers insofar as they exercise significant authority in deciding whether patent claims challenged in inter partes review should have issued in the first place. United States v. Arthrex, Inc., 594 U.S. ___, Slip Op. at 8 (2021) (No. 19-1434). Even though the Patent Office Director has the powers of administrative oversight, according to the Court, neither the Director nor any other principal officer within the Executive Branch directs or supervises the APJs' power to issue patentability decisions in these review proceedings. Id. at 10. "Billions of dollars can turn on [such a] decision," id. at 1, yet these decisions are not meaningfully reviewable within the Patent Office itself, and the Director carries out only the ministerial function of publishing certificates consistent with the decisions. Id. at 10–11. Said the Court, "[i]n all the ways that matter to the parties who appear before the PTAB," within the Patent Office, "the buck stops with the APJs, not with the Secretary [of Commerce] or Director." Id. at 12. "Only an officer properly appointed to a principal office may issue a final decision binding the Executive branch," said the Court. Id. at 19. The nature of APJs' responsibilities, according to five Justices, is not consistent with their method of appointment. See U.S. Const. Art. II, § 2, Cl. 2 (Appointments Clause).
But whereas the Federal Circuit remedied the constitutional violation by severing the statutory restraint on the Director's ability to remove APJs for cause, the Supreme Court determined as unenforceable the statutory restraint on the Director's authority to review the APJs' decisions. See 35 U.S.C. § 6(c) ("Only the Patent Trial and Appeal Board may grant rehearings."). Specifically, the Court "hold[s] that [section] 6(c) is unenforceable as applied to the Director insofar as it prevents the Director from reviewing the decisions of the PTAB on his own." Slip Op. at 22. So, instead of sending the Arthrex inter partes review decision back for a new hearing before a new panel of APJs, the Supreme Court said the APJs' decision "must be subject to review by the Director," Slip Op. at 20, and, "upon review, [the Director] may issue [a] decision[] himself on behalf of the [Office]." Id. at 21. Nobody advocated for this remedy, but seven Justices deemed it appropriate. That would have been an extraordinarily broad remedy had the Court not also explained that (i) its decision is limited to the Director's supervision of APJs in deciding inter partes reviews, and (ii) the "Director need not review every [inter partes review] decision of the PTAB." Id. at 23. "What matters," said the Court, "is that the Director have the discretion to review decisions rendered by the APJs." Id.
To the Court, "[t]his does not result in an incomplete or unworkable statutory scheme," but rather follows the adjudicative model elsewhere in the Executive Branch and aligns the Patent Trial and Appeal Board with the agency's other adjudicative body, the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board. Id. at 21. Time will tell how workable the Court's remedy is and how often the Director reviews the PTAB's inter partes review decisions. For now, the case is remanded to the Federal Circuit for further proceedings.
Tags: America Invents Act, Appointments Clause, Inter Partes Review / IPR


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Anjo Banjo on Gaming Life Love and Art
It's a mash-up and you're invited!
Cel collection
Cel Collection II
The Dollmaker
← Fanboys are everywhere
What gaming does to your relationship →
Cheapass gamer interview by Ana and Anna
Once again, both Anna and I venture into the World Wide Web. Some of us have been there spending more than half our paychecks on games, gamer gears, etc… Well, news flash to the gaming world. We are getting really poor! As you grow older, it's hard to keep up with all the good games, gaming hardware and gaming gear that comes with the territory tends to get a bit pricey. We won't cry no more, because Cheap Ass Gamer has our back!
Let us tell you a little bit about Cheapassgamer.com:
Browsing through the site, a good motto stands out posted by CheapyD:
Welcome to CheapAssGamer.com!
$50 is a lot of money. That being said, most new games simply aren't worth that much. We all hate feeling ripped off after dropping half a bill on a game, which soon becomes clear, was not worth it. If we avoided paying full price, we probably wouldn't feel as bad and, that's the whole idea behind this site, feeling better about ourselves.
Well, that's part of it; it's really about stretching your gaming dollar further so you can play more games for less money. Myself and the rest of the CAG community search the web and try to find quality games at cheap ass prices.
Sounds good? It gets better, there is a forum on this site that is tailored towards running an at home small business selling and trading games. The site was created May 2003 with intend to bring out the business man that haggled within you! THE GAMER! As the business keeps bumping up prices, some people are dedicated to let those who cannot afford retail prices to still enjoy the wonderful world of various gaming experiences.
Which it's why we decided to shine some light to our listeners and readers about CheapAssGamer.com! As both Anna and I enjoy giving recognition to those who are truly there to help others. So here's what CheapyD had to say about his helpful site:
Q: That is a very controversial name and you don't see many sites with the word ass in it, amusing none the less. Tell us, how did you come with that name?
CheapyD: When I was creating the site back in early 2003, I found that so many domain names were already taken. It was difficult to come up with a name that had personality and wasn't generic sounding. I also wanted a name that was easy to remember. I decided "Cheap Ass Gamer" met my criteria and really wasn't concerned about the "Ass". A few years later, I spent a few hundred bucks to get the domain "CheapGamer.com", just in case I needed a more family-friendly name.
Q: So where is CAG based on? And who is the noble crew behind this useful site?
CheapyD: Since CAG is an online community, I don't think the location really matters. The majority of our audience (and our server) is in North America, however, I moved to Tokyo in November 2005. Technically, I am the sole owner/employee of CAG, but our Moderators do a ton of work keeping our forums organized. Also, our regular users (CAGs) do an incredible job of sharing shopping information and, without them, there is no CAG.
Q: What type of support do you get from retail sites and businesses, in the manner of the good deals you guys are posting on your site?
CheapyD: As the major retailers expand (through acquisitions and mergers), it seems like their support shrinks. I would guess this stems from the bureaucratic nature of most large companies. Recently, mostly smaller retailers are providing our community with special promotions. Although it's nice to have help, we don't necessarily need it as we have such a large community who is always on the lookout for the best deals.
Q: How do you find the time to cover all consoles and gaming deals? Do you have a staff looking for cheap things all through the Internet?
CheapyD: In the beginning, I spent a lot of time visiting the major retail websites, searching for deals. These days, we have so many active community members, It is not possible for me to keep up with them. We have over 100,000 registered forum users, 28,000 who have either posted or visited the forums in the last month. Once in a while, I will find a fresh deal, but usually, they beat me to it.
Q: Do you have any other information such as expert the prices, for instant : gaming news in general? Do you cover events news from the gaming world?
CheapyD: We really only focus on video game deals and shopping news. I hope to expand the amount of shopping news/articles available when I launch a new version of CAG in the near future. While I do attend the major gaming events like E3, Tokyo Game Show and hopefully next year, PAX, I'll leave the general gaming news to the other sites.
Q: What was the most hard to believe deal you found?
CheapyD: CircuitCity.com sold the Star Wars Clone Wars/Tetris World (Xbox) combo pack for $0.01 with free shipping. I was pretty surprised when it actually showed up at my door.
Q: I noticed just like the rest of us out there that you got a podcast, what are some of the common discussions that are covered on the show?
CheapyD: The CAGcast is actually one of the most popular video game podcasts with approximately 7,000 listeners per episode. In fact, we just won the 2007 Podcast Award for Best Gaming Podcast. Wombat (my co-host in NYC) and I don't take ourselves too seriously as we talk about the latest games and industry news, answer our listener's questions, and discuss what it's like for a big white guy to live in Tokyo and run a video game website. We also report on video game deals and other topics that should appeal to any video game fan.
Q: What's the best and worst thing about running an online community site for you?
CheapyD: I'm happy to say that it's difficult to think of a "worst thing" about running CAG. If I had to pick something, reading people's negative comments towards me requires a thick skin, but it really hasn't been a problem. The best part is that I am extremely fortunate to be able to make a nice living running a great community like CAG. Not many people love their job and I am so lucky to be in that exclusive club. The CAGs are just awesome and I really owe them more than just thanks.
Q: Well enough of the site, we are curious to know about your gaming background and favorite game of all time? And if you got an Xbox Live tag, you are more than welcome to share away…
CheapyD: My family's first console was a Telstar Ranger, which is basically a home version of Pong. Ever since then, I was hooked. Growing up, I spent a lot of time in arcades, which were always my favorite places to visit. My Gamertag is CheapyD, however, my friends list is almost always full. Come on, Microsoft, let's expand those things!
Q: Typical Xbox Live question, how long have you been playing Xbox and Xbox Live?
CheapyD: Back in July 2004, a local NYC retailer owed me some money, and, even though I protested, insisted on paying me with a Halo Xbox and an Xbox Live subscription. I was pretty satisfied with my PS2 at the time and didn't think I needed another console. However, once I registered for Xbox Live I was very impressed. I've been a big fan ever since.
Q: What do you guys see in the future of the Cheap Ass Gamer?
CheapyD: Currently, our forums are the most heavily trafficked areas of CAG. Many of our users don't even bother with the front page and head right to the forums. Once we go live with our re-launch, I'm hoping to add more compelling content to the front page area in the form of more deals, more shopping news, and more user contributions. No matter what game console or genres we like the best, all gamers have one thing in common. We all buy games. I'm hoping to turn CAG into the ultimate resource for video game shoppers. We already have a large, active (and great) community, now it's up to me to build them a better website.
On behalf of the pocket pincher gamers out there that can take advantage of your great finds, we thank you for all the information that can be found on www.cheapassgamer.com. Also, would like to congratulate them for winning "Best Gaming Podcast" at the Podcast Awards. We will be back next Saturday with another victim that we spot around the web to harrass..
By anjobanjo • Posted in Gaming
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Dave Splash Dot Com
St. Vincent Finishes Third Album
The thoroughly unique pop stylings of St. Vincent will be making a return to record stores, concert halls, and radio airwaves this Fall when she releases her third album, Strange Mercy, on September 13.
Tour dates in support of the new album have just been announced, as well. The dates begin in earnest October 2 in Minneapolis. See the rest of the dates here.
Here is St. Vincent's video for "Laughing with a Mouth of Blood" from the previous album, Actor.
Posted by Dave Splash
Labels: Music, St. Vincent
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