text:
Q: Should I be storing a singleton as an ivar? I'm creating a wrapper class for an existing singleton class. Since I'll be accessing the singleton several times, I'd like to store it as an ivar in my wrapper class...
@interface WrapperClass ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) SingletonClass singletonObj;

@end

...so that I don't have to constantly write [[SingletonClass sharedInstance] methodName]. Instead I can write [singletonObj methodName].  It just feels cleaner to me.
I'm new to iOS development, so I'm wondering if there's anything fundamentally wrong with this approach.
Also, with ARC, should I be storing the singleton with a strong reference?

A: Unless your doing something crazy the likelihood is the extra retain/release should cause no issue.
Therefore there is no real issue with storing it in an ivar...
A better reason for doing this would not be to save your typing but to improve the testability /reusability of the class. By making it an ivar it allows you to inject a different class in to change the behaviour.
I would consider making an accessor that will by default give me the singleton but still allow me to inject a different class if I choose like this
- (SingletonClass *)singletonObj;
{
  return _singletonObj = _singletonObj ?: [SingletonClass sharedInstance];
}

Update:
It's also worth thinking about "why would you make using this singleton different from using an ivar?". If you use it throughout your class like it was an ivar then why do you access it in a completely different way?
For example often when I use a managedObjectContext there is only one in my whole app. A lot of people use the app delegate as a singleton and access it that way but I prefer to pass it along as an ivar. Conceptually the managedObjectContext is just another object that I am using like any other ivar so why should I have to mentally switch how I access it?
This is bad
[(MyAppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate] managedObjectContext];

Good
self.managedObjectContext;

This now gives me two advantages.

*

*If my class is littered with calls to [(MyAppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate] managedObjectContext]; then it is hard to rip it out of this project and place it in another without a risky search and replace. If I access the singleton in one place the "accessor" then I only have one place to change the code.

*In my production app I probably want my data to be persistant so I would give the object access to a managedObjectContext with a persistant store, whereas in my tests I don't want state to be persisted between tests so I would give the object a non persistant store instead.

A: It makes sense.
Just initialize your singleton and store it in the ivar.
That said, your code is actually defining a property, which is not the same thing of an ivar.
For instance you could define your singleton i var like follows
@implementation WrapperClass {
    SingletonClass * _singleton;
}

and then initialize the singleton in the default constructor
- (id)init {
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        //...
        _singleton = [SingletonClass sharedInstance];
        //...
    }
    return self;
}

A: You can just define a macros, like this:
#define _SINGLETON(method) { [[SingletonClass sharedManager] method]; }
Then you can use it in your code like this:
_SINGLETON(methodName);
You can define this macros in the SingletonClass.h, and then you will have possibility to use it anywhere, there your header is imported.
This way you don't need to think about iVars.


Mum:I WON THAT FAIR AND SQUARE!!!!!!!!! Me: you lame!
Morgz mum is ugly i wont subscibe you are the wrost your a bully to morgz so im in team morgz team mum is supee ugly her face dose not exist!
Why does Jill not have a Sumo one?
MORGZ MUM IS THE BEST YOUTUBER!
When You See That This Is Number 1 On Trending. Me: What has the world become?
So i guess all your mutant family scream at cameras?


Q: Are there other churches around us who have done this same process? Did they use the resources/consultant provided by The Malphurs Group?
A: Yes. Grace Church in Mentor, OH and Grace Brethren Church in Wooster, OH both used this process with The Malphurs Group. A national organiztion that went through this process is The Salvation Army. For a more extensive list of churches and faith-based organizations, please click here.
Q: Will The Malphurs Group challenge or attempt to change GBC's Belief Statement and/or encourage Pastor Cary to preach a watered-down Gospel?
A: No. The Malphurs Group's purpose is to help GBC discover it's blindspots in reaching the unchurched in our region.
Q: Will Ron Donnini (The Malphurs Group consultant working with us) attend our church services on the weekends that he will be at GBC?
A: Maybe. He will probably attend some Sunday services. Most of this is dependent upon his schedule. To read a brief bio of Ron click here.
Q: Who is approaching individuals and asking them to be on the Strategic Leadership Team (SLT)?
A: GBC's elders are creating a list of potential people to approach and are open to individuals recommending someone. The elders would also consider any person who feels they would like to volunteer. They are currently praying over the list seeking to discern God's will. The SLT will be a cross-section of the GBC membership and will consist of 10-15 participants. The goal is to have the team created by December 1. Please pray for the elders as the formation of this team unfolds over the next several weeks.
Q: Can anyone attend SLT meetings?
A: Any church member can attend the SLT meetings. However, we ask that all non-SLT members attending the meeting not participate. Obviously, non-SLT participants can talk to the lead team members after the meeting to clarify and/or make suggestions for the entire SLT to consider.
Q: Why do we need to do a strategic plan?
The elders are not suggesting this course of action because something is wrong. Any organization needs a plan to be successful at fulfilling its mission. GBC's mission is to make disciples for Jesus Christ. The elders desire to see GBC seek the Lord to discern His plan for us at this time. We want to be found successful in the eyes of the Lord. This cannot be accomplished without asking Him what it is He wants us to do to please Him.
Q: Will training be provided for those who are going to be on the Implementation Team?
The Implementation Team (IT) will consist of 25-40 people. They will be given the task of implementing the plan that will be discovered through the process. Those who are a part of the IT will recieve objectives, training, and be placed in their areas of passion to implement the plan.
Q: Will all aspects of the church be evaluated and changed?
All aspects of GBC will be evaluated, but it is doubtful that all aspects will change. It is hard to specifically say what will change before the process of seeking and implementing a strategic plan has even begun. However, it is safe to say that some activities/ministries will either cease to exist or intentionally be improved. Also, it is safe to say that there may be some activities/ministries created in response to asking God what He wants us to do.
Q: What can GBC do to prepare ourselves for this process?
To prepare for this season of seeking God's will there are two specific prayer requests the elders have for our church family: 1) Please pray for the elders to have discernment when asking individuals to serve on the SLT 2) Please ask the Lord what your part is in this season of seeking a vision for GBC. Ask Him if He wants you to submit your name to be consideried to serve on the SLT or the IT. Please let the elders know if you discern He is asking you to do this.


Television camera operator and producer Jack Steward and his friend, actor and writer Colton Smith, head out on an airboat into Everglades National Park.
The natural treasure in our own backyard is ready for its close-up.
Everglades National Park will be featured on the May 2 episode of "Rock the Park," a new television series from The CW that encourages travelers to go play outdoors. The Everglades show will air at 10:30 a.m. on WSFL- Ch. 39.
Television producer and camera operator Jack Steward and his lifelong buddy, writer and actor Colton Smith, take a road trip to a different park in each episode — taking viewers from Yellowstone's geysers to Death Valley's deserts.
Their Everglades adventures include an airboat ride past alligators and kayaking through the Ten Thousand Islands, battling headwinds to get to a camping spot.
"When we started, I thought it would be a nice, peaceful day on the water. That quickly turned into a chaotic game of dodge the mangroves … We ended up getting to our camp in pitch black," Steward told the Sun Sentinel.
Steward and Smith also offer tips on each park's attractions, activities and lodging.
"Rock the Park," which won a 2015 Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Travel Program, runs through Sept. 26. The show is produced by Tremendous! Entertainment.


50 Free Microsoft Word Resume Templates That Ll Land You The Job Creative For is part of great design ideas. 50 Free Microsoft Word Resume Templates That Ll Land You The Job Creative For was created by combining fantastic ideas, interesting arrangements, and follow the current trends in the field of that make you more inspired and give artistic touches. We'd be honored if you can apply some or all of these design in your wedding. believe me, brilliant ideas would be perfect if it can be applied in real and make the people around you amazed!
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Google executives revealed that Nexus 6P made by Huawei, has a Samsung WQHD AMOLED panel. "We have spent a lot of time tuning the white-point and colour gamut for these panels -- hope you will enjoy the accuracy of the display."
New Delhi: Internet giant Google's most premium Nexus smartphone till date - Huawei Nexus 6P - will not be made in India yet, Huawei officials said on Tuesday.
"This is a global launch and for now all the Nexus 6Ps will be made from our China facility. We are in process of evaluating plans to see if there can be a change in the manufacturing location," said Huawei India's vice president, sales, P. Sanjeev.
Stressing on the Chinese technology major's strong histroy with Android, he also said that Huawei's deal to make the new premium Nexus phones will also boost sales and brand value of Huawei and Honor in the country.
Earlier, Zhao Gang, vice-president, Honor International Business, had told IANS that India was one of the most important markets for the company and it was looking to double sales and revenue by the end of this year.
The 6P comes with a 5.7-inch quad-HD display and 3,450 mAh battery. It is powered by a Snapdragon 810 system-on-chip (SoC) and 3GB of RAM. The device also comes with a 12.3-megapixel rear camera and a eight-megapixel front facing camera with HDR shooting mode.
Asked about how Google chooses its manufacturers, Sanjeev said that both the companies have worked closely together to come out with the most premium experience-offering phone.
"India is now the fastest growing smartphone market in the world, and it is exciting to launch our newest Nexus phones here," said Chrome and Android Marketing global director David Shapiro.
"We're looking forward to the Nexus 6P delivering premium experiences for Indian users, demonstrating what is possible when innovative hardware, thoughtful design, and the latest Android software all come together," he added.


Synonyms : Setaria tomentosa (Roxb.) Kunth.
Habit : An annual grass with culms, ascending, compressed towards the base, branchy from 30-45 cm high.
Leaves : Soft, covered with much long, soft hair, sheaths half the length of the joints, mouth bearded.
Spikes compound, terminal, consisting of ten or twelve, (generally alternate though sometimes in pairs) spikelets of 6 or 8 flowers, intermixed with hispid bristles, they are not placed on one side, but round the common rachis, which is generally 3-sided.
Calyx, the two interior valves five-nerved, the second, half the length of the carol.
Carol has a third neuter valve.
Significance : The grass is reported to be liked by the cattle.


text:
Q: web server to fetch client's machine mac address I'm trying to build some complicated stuff for an C# winform application being build online and trying to gather some information here and there.I've looked on the web that it's possible to get a mac address of a computer on the network using either System.Net.NetworkInformation or System.Management.ManagementClass(which i can't reference for some reasons).Where are my worries

*

*Can  my web server online know the mac address of a client's machine connected to it?

*If question 1 is true i guess it will use IP (correct me if I'm wrong) what if client's machine is sitting behind a proxy server or using multiple web proxy?

*if question 1 and 2 are positive How to do that from the web server.

A: No, there's no easy way to do that.
The MAC address is only resolvable on the same subnet - assuming this isn't a fairly small intranet app, you would not be on the same subnet as your clients.
In theory, querying the client with remote WMI would work - but the firewall and permission issues are non-trivial. Again, unless you can control all clients - you're not likely to have success here.
About the only thing you could do is a downloadable app - possibly Flash, Silverlight or ActiveX - that interrogated the local machine for you. I'm not sure if that info would be sandboxed by the browser though.
My guess is there's an easier way to do what you're trying to do - but you'd need to provide more details on why you want the MAC address.

A: You can't get any of that information from a web server, and you should not try. Consider that machines may have multiple IP addresses and multiple MAC addresses, and may be behind a proxy server or Network Address Translation device, or worse.
IP addresses belong to the network layer, and should generally not be used by the Application layer. If nothing else, it's unlikely that the Network Administrators will consult the Developers when making changes to the network that will invalidate your assumptions.

A: As the other responses suggest, getting the IP address may not do what you need.  What are you trying to use this information for?
You might want to try and use the System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher object to query for this kind of info.  I know this can be used to grab the MAC address of each connected network adaptor.  This logic would have to be on the client side that could then pass whatever info you needed up to the server.
It looks like this Google Groups post might do what you are after.
Here is the interesting bit:
using System.Management;

ObjectQuery query = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration");
ManagementObjectCollection queryCollection = query.Get();
foreach( ManagementObject mo in queryCollection )
{
     foreach(string s in addresses)
     {
            Console.WriteLine( "IP Address '{0}'", s);
     }
     foreach(string s in subnets)
     {
            Console.WriteLine( "IP Subnet '{0}'", s);
     }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


As promised, rapper/actor/producer/DJ Que-Brick has once again donned his musician's cap and released his latest project. The album, titled God I'm Tryin is officially available for purchase exclusively on the website GodImTryin.com. The album is comprised of 13 tracks and two bonus songs. As a thank you to fans and supporters the project will be available for free digital download for the first 48 hours of availability. Afterwards, the album will sell for $9.99. Que-Brick has also promised that the album will be available to stream on platforms such as iTunes, Tidal, and Google Play in the near future. God, I'm Tryin comes on the heels of a busy and triumphant year for the artist born Quentin Williams. He performed a breathtaking set at last year's A3C Music Festival. His role as star and music supervisor on the web series Blue Collar Hustle was not only critically acclaimed but also earned him two award nominations at the upcoming Minnesota Webfest. He was also recently named an official DJ for the corporate Atlanta branch of Delta Airlines.
God I'm Tryin is released via The League Entertainment. It is executive-produced by Quentin Williams, Alonge Hawes, and Roberto Cruz.


text:
Tag: st cloud state hockey
Men's Hockey Suffers First Loss of Season
Image Credit: St. Cloud State Athletics
By Matt Neiser
ST. CLOUD, MN — In game two of a weekend set in St. Cloud, Minnesota, the No. 11 Northeastern men's ice hockey team looked to sweep the No. 14 St. Cloud State Huskies after a 4–1 victory the night before. After jumping out to a 1–0 lead, Northeastern allowed two second-period goals and dropped the contest, 2–1, to split the two-game battle of the Huskies.
The theme of the season for Northeastern (4–1–1) has been slow starts, and tonight saw another one. St. Cloud (1–1–2) dominated play for much of the first period, compiling 11 shots on net to Northeastern's six. The shot differential mattered not though, as Northeastern scored the lone goal of the first 20 minutes. After collecting a pass from junior Zach Solow on the power play, sophomore Tyler Madden spun away from a defenseman and shot from the left circle. The puck leaked by goaltender David Hrenak to make it 1–0 in favor of the away team.
Northeastern was much better to start the second period, moving the puck well and beginning to even out the shot total. Just under five minutes into the frame, St. Cloud cleared the puck down the ice to relieve pressure. It appeared icing would be called, as no one touched the puck and freshman Jayden Struble won the race down the ice. Yet, the officials thought otherwise and didn't blow the play dead. With Northeastern switching off in anticipation of a whistle, St. Cloud forward Sam Hentges grabbed the puck and played it to a streaking Jack Poehling, who slotted it home to tie the game.
St. Cloud GOAL!! Jack Poehling scores off the beautiful pass from Sam Hentges. Score tied 1-1. #scsuonfsn @fsnorth @Fox9Sports @MarkDParrish pic.twitter.com/xiHXKieL00
— Husky Productions (@hphky) October 27, 2019
After the game, Northeastern head coach Jim Madigan was none too pleased.
"They got their first goal on, basically, a bad call from the linesman," he stated matter-of-factly. "We thought it was icing and it wasn't. We didn't get back fast enough, and they scored to make it 1–1 and gained some momentum from that."
Later in the period, seconds after a potential Zach Solow goal was waved off by video review, St. Cloud raced down the ice and Hentges scored to give the home team a 2–1 lead. Northeastern pressed hard for an equalizer late in the game, but couldn't find one.
And Another One! Sam Hentges gives St. Cloud the 2-1 lead at the midpoint in the 2nd period off the assist from Chase Brand! 🏒 #scsuonfsn @fsnorth @Fox9Sports @MarkDParrish pic.twitter.com/wOPlQa8P46
Madden's goal was his fifth in three games. After the Vancouver Canucks draftee went scoreless in the team's first three games despite leading the team in shots, Madden broke the dry spell with two goals apiece against Holy Cross and St. Cloud before adding another tonight. With his assist on Madden's goal, Solow (one goal, five assists) extended his point streak to six games.
Though he allowed two goals, Northeastern goaltender Craig Pantano was once again fantastic between the pipes. The Merrimack grad transfer saved 31 of 33 shots to keep his team within striking distance. Through six games, Pantano has anchored the defense with a 1.32 GAA and .947 save percentage.
It doesn't get any easier for Northeastern, as they turn around and take on the No. 3/5 UMass Minutemen in a home-and-home next weekend. Game one is Friday, November 1 at Matthews Arena. Puck drop is scheduled for 7 p.m., with Matt Neiser and Jonathan Golbert on the call.
craig pantano jayden struble jim madigan northeastern hockey st cloud state hockey tyler madden zach solow
Men's Hockey Bounces No. 14 St. Cloud State 4–1
By Adam Doucette
ST. CLOUD, MN — The Huskies bounced back in a big way on Friday night in St. Cloud, Minnesota.
They looked nothing like the team that suffered a disappointing 2–2 tie against Holy Cross last Saturday. The intensity was there from the get-go — something coach Jim Madigan emphasized after the last game.
He called it "a great team effort," and "a great response from last weekend's game."
The battle of the Huskies began with Northeastern imposing their will early in the first period. Center John Picking, a big net-front presence as of late, got the scoring going for Northeastern 8:32 into the first period.
In the final minute of the first period, St. Cloud mounted a furious attack. They created numerous offensive chances, but Northeastern's defense and goaltender Craig Pantano stood strong and took a one-goal lead into the first break.
St. Cloud came out strong in the second period and center Sam Hentges notched the tying goal just 4:30 into the frame. It appeared that the momentum had swung in favor of St. Cloud and their raucous home crowd, but Northeastern would not let that happen.
Play evened out towards the middle of the period, and Tyler Madden put Northeastern back on top with a goal halfway through the second. He tacked on another with just 36 seconds remaining in the period, giving Northeastern a two-goal cushion. Madden has four goals in the team's first five games.
The third period opened with relatively even play from the two Husky squads, but midway through the frame St. Cloud fed the puck to a streaking forward. What seemed like a one-on-one chance was negated when Northeastern defenseman Jordan Harris made a fantastic diving stop, laying out and poking the puck away while avoiding a penalty.
It wasn't pretty, but the Northeastern defense weathered the St. Cloud storm in the final ten minutes. Goaltender David Hrenak was pulled with under two minutes remaining and Northeastern took advantage, icing the game with a Biagio Lerario empty-netter.
This marks Northeastern's second game, and second win, against a nationally ranked opponent this season. The No. 11 Huskies sit at 4–0–1 (1–0–0 HEA). St. Cloud, playing its first game in two weeks, suffered its first loss of the season after two ties.
"We kind of went at our guys, and they really responded," said Madigan on the coaching staff challenging the team.
The strong start was crucial, and the end result was exactly what they wanted.
Northeastern and St. Cloud face off again Saturday at 7 PM ET (6 PM Central). Matt Neiser and Adam Doucette will have the call beginning fifteen minutes before puck drop.
biagio lerario craig pantano jim madigan john picking jordan harris northeastern hockey st cloud state hockey tyler madden

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Elapsed time in Java? I'm doing a homework assignment in my Java class. I got most of it except for this one part about elapsed time. We have to use methods. Here's the assignment and the code I have.

"You have just been hired by a company to do it's weekly payroll.  One of the functions you must perform daily is to check the employee time cards and compute the elapsed time between the time they "punch in" and "punch out".  You also have to sometimes convert hours to minutes, days to hours, minutes to hours and hours to days.  Since you've just finished your first programming class you decide to write a program that will help you do your job.
You decide to structure your program the following way.  The main function will just be a menu that the user can select from to get the information they want.  Each option on the menu will call a specific method(s) to solve the task and/or output the answer.
You may assume for this program that all elapsed times will be in a single day but the others may span much further.  Be sure to provide sufficient test data to demonstrate that your solutions are correct. (show at least one output for each conversion [probably several for option #5]). "

import java.util.*;
public class Prog671A
{
    public static void hoursToMinutes()
    {
        Scanner input = new Scanner (System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter hour(s): ");
        int hours = input.nextInt();
        System.out.println(hours + " * 60 = " + (hours * 60) + " minutes.");
        System.out.println("");
    }

    public static void daysToHours()
    {
        Scanner input = new Scanner (System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter day(s): ");
        int days = input.nextInt();
        System.out.println(days + " * 24 = " + (days * 24) + " hours.");
        System.out.println("");
    }
    public static void minutesToHours()
    {
        Scanner input = new Scanner (System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter minute(s): ");
        int minutes = input.nextInt();
        System.out.println(minutes + " / 60 = " + ((double)minutes / 60) + " hours.");
        System.out.println("");
    }
    public static void hoursToDays()
    {
        Scanner input = new Scanner (System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter hour(s): ");
        int hours = input.nextInt();
        System.out.println(hours + " / 24 = " + ((double)hours / 24) + " days.");
        System.out.println("");
    }
    public static void elapsedTime()
    {
        Scanner input = new Scanner (System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter the beginning hour: ");
        int startingHour = input.nextInt();
        System.out.print("Enter the beginning minute(s): ");
        int startingMinutes = input.nextInt();
        System.out.print("Enter AM/PM: ");
        String startingAmOrPm = input.nextLine();
        System.out.print("Enter the ending hour: ");
        int endingHour = input.nextInt();
        System.out.print("Enter the ending minute(s): ");
        int endingMinutes = input.nextInt();
        System.out.print("Enter AM/PM: ");
        String endingAmOrPm = input.nextLine();
        System.out.println("");
        System.out.println("The elapsed time is: " + );
    }
    public static void main (String args [])
    {
        int x = 1;
        while (x == 1) {
        Scanner input = new Scanner (System.in);
        System.out.println("Conversion Tasks");
        System.out.println("\t1. Hours -> Minutes");
        System.out.println("\t2. Days -> Hours");
        System.out.println("\t3. Minutes -> Hours");
        System.out.println("\t4. Hours -> Days");
        System.out.println("\t5. Elapsed time between two times");
        System.out.println("\t6. Exit");
        System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
        int menu = input.nextInt();
        System.out.println("");
        if (menu == 1)
            hoursToMinutes();
        if (menu == 2)
            daysToHours();
        if (menu == 3)
            minutesToHours();
        if (menu == 4)
            hoursToDays();
        if (menu == 5)
            elapsedTime();
        if (menu == 6)
            x = 0;
        }
    }
}

I just need help here
public static void elapsedTime()
{
    Scanner input = new Scanner (System.in);
    System.out.print("Enter the beginning hour: ");
    int startingHour = input.nextInt();
    System.out.print("Enter the beginning minute(s): ");
    int startingMinutes = input.nextInt();
    System.out.print("Enter AM/PM: ");
    String startingAmOrPm = input.nextLine();
    System.out.print("Enter the ending hour: ");
    int endingHour = input.nextInt();
    System.out.print("Enter the ending minute(s): ");
    int endingMinutes = input.nextInt();
    System.out.print("Enter AM/PM: ");
    String endingAmOrPm = input.nextLine();
    System.out.println("");
    System.out.println("The elapsed time is: " + );
}

A: Just convert the start and end times to minutes since the start of the day (at midnight). For p.m., just add 12 to the hour before converting to minutes. Then subtract and convert back to hours and minutes for the elapsed time.

A: why do you want to take the hours etc stuff manually??
Read the system date when the User logs in System.currentTimeMillis() store this time somewhere
When the User exists do the same get the System Time. Subtract it from the time you stored initially when the user logged in.
I hope this is what ur looking for ?


text:
The Elicini (synonym Gaetuliini) are a tribe of planthoppers in the family Tropiduchidae.  The type genus is Elica.

Genera
Fulgoromorpha Lists on the Web includes:

 Acrisius Stål, 1862
 Afroelfus Gnezdilov, 2012
 Alleloplasis Waterhouse, 1839
 Austris Szwedo & Stroinski, 2010
 Bambomada Gnezdilov & Bourgoin, 2015
 Bolitropis Gnezdilov & Bourgoin, 2015
 Busas Jacobi, 1909
 Conna Walker, 1856
 Connelicita Wang & Bourgoin
 †Dakrutulia Szwedo, 2019
 Danepteryx Uhler, 1889
 Dictyobia Uhler, 1889
 Dictyonia Uhler, 1889
 Dictyonissus Uhler, 1876
 Dictyssa Melichar, 1906
 Dictyssonia Ball, 1936
 Dyctidea Uhler, 1889
 Elica - monotypic Elica latipennis Walker, 1857
 Exphora Signoret, 1860
 Gaetulia Stål, 1864
 Gamergomorphus Melichar, 1906
 Gamergus Stål, 1859
 Indogaetulia Schmidt, 1919
 Johannesburgia Distant, 1907
 Laberia Stål, 1866
 Misodema Melichar, 1907
 Neaethus Stål, 1861
 Nubithia Stål, 1859<
 Nurunderia Distant, 1909
 Osbornia Ball, 1910
 Paragamergomorphus Synave, 1956
 Paralasonia Muir, 1924
 Pucina Stål, 1866
 Riancia Signoret, 1860
 Salona Stål, 1866
 Selamorpha Campodonico, 2018
 †Senogaetulia Szwedo, 2019
 †Tritophania Jacobi, 1938

References

Further reading

External links

Hemiptera tribes
Elicinae
Elicini

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Star Army
Star ArmyⓇ is a landmark of forum roleplaying. Opened in 2002, Star Army is like an internet clubhouse for people who love roleplaying, art, and worldbuilding. Anyone 18 or older may join for free. New members are welcome! Use the "Register" button below.
Note: This is a play-by-post RPG site. If you're looking for the tabletop miniatures wargame "5150: Star Army" instead, see Two Hour Wargames.
In 2020 we're going to have our community meetings on the second Friday of the month except when those are holidays (Valentine's Day and Patriot's Day). I've added dates to the 2020 wiki page.
All (2) Sad (2)
RaWolfe
Ametheliana
About Star Army
Star Army® is a forum community for roleplaying, worldbuilding, and collaborative writing. Since 2002, we've hosted hundreds of RPG campaigns in a shared, living universe. It's a unique and original setting characterized by starships, aliens, and transhuman androids.
Join as a member of the Star Army of Yamatai or many other factional groups. Or blaze your own trail as an independent adventurer or new faction. The things your characters do and the ideas you contribute will become part of Star Army's history and lore.
Listed on...
Star Army: Titan


text:
Intrepid Ray Rice Chose to Marry Girlfriend Despite Her Glass Jaw
September 9, 2014 – Much controversy has surrounded former NFL star Ray Rice and and his wife Janay since February, due to a recorded altercation which left her unconscious prior to their nuptials. Many have questioned the decision to follow through with the marriage, but Mr. Rice wants everyone to know that he decided then, despite his reservations, that Ms. Palmer's inability to take two punches from a 212 lbs. running back without losing consciousness would not hinder their ongoing relationship.
"Marriage is all about compromise," Rice told reporters at a press conference alongside his wife, who nodded in agreement. "Everybody has their issues. For me, it's that I'm a little impatient, and I sometimes overreact. For Janay, it's a penchant for collapsing under the force of a deliberate, well-placed blow to the face. Maybe people can change, but also, love is never perfect."
Rice, who was originally suspended for only two NFL games for his wife's lack of endurance, was later suspended indefinitely when the full footage of the quarrel was released by TMZ. The NFL's decision came down in light of the fact that, apparently, knocking out your unsuspecting spouse actually looks worse than it sounds.
"It was a tough couple of months leading up to the wedding," Rice confessed. "I'm a very traditional guy; I like to think that marriage is forever. So I had to ask myself, 'Is this how it's going to be? Me taking swings, her going down after just two or three? I don't know if I have the fortitude.' But I fought through the apprehension, folks. We came out the other side, me with renewed love, her with a stronger jaw."
Mrs. Rice, who had previously apologized for "the role I played in the incident that night," nodded quietly throughout the press conference, before apologizing once again to any Ravens fans who were disappointed by the outcome of this event. "I promise you all this," she told reporters, "I'll be training nonstop during this suspension and, with hard work and a little help from God, I'll be up on my feet and staying that way in no time."


The Beauty Forum, a keynote programme at Packaging Innovations London, which took place 13-14 September 2017, assessed the role of packaging in engaging beauty consumers.
Speaker Jamie Mills, an analyst at GlobalData, told attendees that the company has identified three opportunities for packaging innovation in the beauty sphere, namely: sustainability, wellness and enhanced efficiency with efficacy.
According to GlobalData figures, 75% of consumers globally believe that leading an ethical and sustainable lifestyle is important to their wellbeing, while brands/ranges with natural, fresh and ethical claims are succeeding in reinforcing their position through sustainable packaging. These include L'Oréal's Botanicals Fresh Care hair care range, which features 100% recycled and recyclable PET and Yves Rocher's concentrated shower gels, which cut plastic use by half, thereby slicing carbon emissions.
The influence of wellness on beauty provides brands with the opportunity to differentiate within the concept of natural. And with 56% of consumers professing to be concerned about the impact of diet on their health and appearance, a wellness tie-in could prove lucrative.
Brands like the US' Fytt promote the 'realness' of their ingredients with see-through packs, allowing the user to engage with juice-like formulas, while minimalist labels encourage focus on key ingredients.
The boom in alphabet creams from a few years back indicated a consumer desire to reduce the time and shelf-space taken up by beauty routines. However, conversely, there is a growing acceptance of Korea-inspired multi-step routines. GlobalData research shows that consumers want effective formulas in accelerated formats; they don't mind increasing the number of steps to achieve the best result, but they'd like to reduce the time their routine takes. Products like La Prairie's Line Interception Power Duo, which features two separate day- and night-use formulas in a single delivery system, fit this trend.
Mills cited customisation and the mainstream adoption of smart packaging as future trends.
The influence of the millennial generation has been discussed ad nauseam. So it was refreshing that Sarah Jones, Partner, DewGibbons + Partners, chose to zero in on generation Z, ie those consumers born after 2000.
Gen Z consumers, Jones explained, are digitally native, having grown up with the devices the rest of us adopted as teens or adults. They are visually led, but because they're bombarded with thousands of images daily, they also have extremely short attention spans. Therefore, brands seeking to engage them must be distinctive and attractive in every brand setting, especially via social media and smartphone-optimised sites.
Fortunately, this generation loves beauty and is willing to invest. Areas of opportunity particularly exist for bespoke products, as gen Zs are resolutely individual, while authenticity is likewise appreciated by these consumers, who demand the brands they buy are transparent, sustainable, champions of diversity and, of course, gorgeous.
Labels championed by Jones as being gen Z-friendly include the new ASOS beauty range, which boasts 46 shades of lipstick; Milk Makeup and Glossier, which both have the impactful, minimalist labelling that communicates so well online; and Rihanna's new Fenty Beauty line. Based on Jones' checklist, Fenty Beauty is the Holy Grail for gen Z beauty aficionados, combining authenticity (the singer was heavily involved it its creation), diversity (it launched with 40 foundation shades) and visual impact (the hexagonal Match Stix contain magnets, allowing the packs to click together in a honeycomb formation).
Zeze Oriaikhi-Sao is the founder of South African-inspired brand Malée. She spoke about her experience as an independent brand trying to create luxury personal care sustainably. She highlighted the gaping difference between what consumers expect from a 'green' brand – transparent, uncomplicated labelling backed up with seals of approval from ethical accreditation organisations – and the reality of being a 'green' manufacturer.
A massive 95% of emissions related to beauty products are in the supply chain, rather than on an operational level, so communication with and accountability from your suppliers is paramount; likewise, Oriaikhi-Sao noted that you can adopt the ISO4046 water footprint standard, but 95% of the water used in a shower gel, for instance, is at consumer use phase.
When it comes to packaging, however, there is a real opportunity for independent brands to leverage the 'economies of small' in their favour and support artisanal communities – illustrators, potters, etc – from their local area. This, Oriaikhi-Sao said, provides brand differentiation, while also supporting local talent. An additional benefit of using artisans is the avoidance of MOQs from traditional suppliers, which can be a hurdle for smaller companies.


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Farewell Qatar, the worst hosts in World Cup history
in International, Sports
Qatar November 30, 2022: Of course, the results and quality of the football produced was never really the point behind their controversial staging of the tournament and, when you weigh up the tragic cost to life, quibbling about the uselessness of the host nation's attack feels like very much an afterthought.
In the hours before kick-off here at the Al Bayt Stadium, Qatar's organising chief had revealed between 400 and 500 migrants died while working on the development of the World Cup, even if others have reported the figure to be far higher.
Nothing, then, could put the shortcomings of Felix Sanchez's side on the pitch into greater perspective.
After the scandals and corruption and discrimination and deaths that have taken place en route to bringing the tournament to a place with a disturbing human rights record and no football legacy, the hosts' exiting with nul points after three group games was the most predictable result of an otherwise unpredictable tournament.
Qatar players, naturally, cannot be held responsible for what has gone on off the field and came into this doubtless knowing they were horribly out of their depth.
But if anything should serve as a reminder of the daftness of the decision to extend the World Cup to include 48 teams from 2026 it has been the sight of the host nation here stinking the place out.
It is hard to see how expansion of the tournament by a further 12 countries will not dilute the quality on show and the last thing any keen football observer needs in the US, Canada and Mexico four years from now is another Qatar or two.
There is no doubt Qatar have taken strides under Sanchez over the past five years and will hope to defend their Asian Cup title next year.
But not even the 12 years the country has had to prepare since its infamous winning bid was announced were enough to get the team up to a level to compete at this tournament.
This is only the second time in the 92-year history of the World Cup that the hosts have failed to emerge from the group or get past the first stage and even then a very clear distinction needs to be drawn with South Africa in 2010.
After being drawn in the so-called "group of death" with France, Uruguay and Mexico, the South Africans only missed out on a place in the round of 16 on goal difference, edged out by Mexico despite a memorable 2-1 victory over the 1998 world champions France and accruing four points.
By contrast, Qatar's World Cup amounts to three games, no wins, one goal, six shots on target and eight corners and it is probably a good job they avoided Spain or France and were instead paired with a cautious Netherlands because the scoreline really could have got ugly against one of Europe's more uncompromising sides.
Hayya Card holders were allowed free entry into this game if they showed up on the gate, which swelled what threatened to be a rather sparse crowd considerably.
But many supporters had left long before the final whistle, goals from Cody Gakpo and Frenkie de Jong securing a comfortable if uninspiring for the Dutch, and if football is catching on among the locals there is not too much evidence of it.
Sanchez, though, sought to put a brave face on things. "Talking about statistics, you can use them as you want," the Qatar coach said when it was put to him that this was the worst-ever display from a host nation.
"The reality is we are a country with 6,000 football licences so this was a likely situation. We never thought to set target of getting to the round of 16 or the quarter-finals. We wanted to see what we could do.
"We've managed to play two good games against Senegal and the Netherlands. We know in our first game against Ecuador we weren't at our level and didn't play as well as we wanted.
"But we are very realistic about what we can do. You can use statistics but we have to make our own assessment because that's what really matters to us."
Thousands of workers evicted in Qatar's capital ahead of World Cup: Reuters
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Tags: FIFA World Cup 2022


As the alcohol beverage industry prepares for its busiest season, there are a number of changes to take note of that present both opportunities and concerns.
The recent acquisition of Whole Foods by retail giant, Amazon, should draw attention from all retailers, especially those in the food and alcohol beverage industries. It is known that many closures of retail stores across the country and in Connecticut have been caused by mail order companies such as Amazon.
This year at the Connecticut General Assembly, legislation was advanced that would allow out of state retailers to sell alcohol beverages by mail order to customers in this state. It is not the first time such legislation has been proposed.
Amazon continues to gain strength in Connecticut with state assistance and support from some elected officials. Some legislators believe that Amazon's agreement to pay sales and other taxes in our state while supplying a small number of jobs is a good deal.
The reality is that mail order businesses not only offer very few jobs, but they destroy already existing jobs throughout the state. They rob towns and cities of tax income and retail jobs that cannot be replaced. These local retail jobs are vital to families at lower income levels who can only commute short distances to supplement income, or provide a primary income to their families.
Mail order operations are extremely mechanized and rely on fewer people to sell and mail products. One new position at a company like Amazon could potentially take the place of dozens of jobs at smaller retail establishments.
With Amazon's purchase of Whole Foods, the retail grocery market can expect to be affected. At some point, Amazon could make attempts to enter the retail alcohol beverage industry as well. Unfortunately, many public officials are unaware of the devastation this would cause. It is easy to see the benefits of mail order as a consumer without giving thought to the thousands of retail owners and employees that would be at a loss.
CPSA and other instate members of the alcohol beverage industry continue to oppose mail order of alcohol beverage products. All opposed are aware that renewed efforts will occur to push through mail order legislation in the next session and beyond.
Retailers in Connecticut and Massachusetts are evaluating the implications of the recent action by the courts in the Bay State to uphold the action by Total Wine & More to sell beer and spirits at wholesale cost.
Now that the path is clear, Total Wine will begin selling many of their products at cost. This will probably not occur with the products other retailers cannot sell, such as its thousands of private label wines and spirits. According to sources, most of these private labels are marked up 50-70%. This will create a marketplace in Massachusetts where other retailers will find impossible to compete.
It can also be expected that New Hampshire will also be affected, as about 50% of its purchases are from residents of Massachusetts. New Hampshire has no sales or excise tax on alcohol, while Massachusetts only has no sales tax. In the past, this made it worth the extra few miles to purchase across state lines in New Hampshire. Now, the ability to sell at cost in Massachusetts will allow big box stores to price below what was once lower cost in New Hampshire, making it not worth the trip there for every purchase.
It is still not certain if other Massachusetts retailers will be able to afford selling below cost, which would give more price incentives to border stores that market to Connecticut residents. With no sales tax and a lower excise tax, Massachusetts border stores are already at a major advantage over Connecticut retailers. As more Total Wine stores open in Massachusetts, their marketing plans will become more apparent.
Interested in learning more about CPSA and member benefits? Contact us at ctpsa.com.


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Q: Fonts Not showing Up - Debian 8 I installed Debian 8 and chrome
When i visit google.co.in the various languages are showing as boxes.

Tried dkpg-locale reconfigure nothing works.

A: There are a number of meta-packages which provide the necessary support:

*

*fonts-deva for Devanagari;

*fonts-beng for Bengali;

*fonts-telu for Telugu;

*fonts-taml for Tamil;

*fonts-gujr for Gujarati;

*fonts-knda for Kannada.

A: To display non-ASCII characters you need to have the appropriate font packages installed; glyphs that can't be displayed will be shown as a box outline.
I generally have the following font packages installed in Debian and see most languages in their own font:

*

*fonts-dejavu-extra

*fonts-freefont-ttf

*fonts-liberation

*ttf-mscorefonts-installer

*ttf-unifont

Perhaps you only need one or two, but these give a reasonably complete coverage in my experience.

A: Since you are using google.co.in , you may need to install fonts for Indian languages.
fonts-indic is a meta-package which installs all the Indian language free fonts available in debian. Simply install it by
#apt-get install fonts-indic


Entrance to the waterpark constitutes permission for SomerSplash to photograph/video you while on the premises, and to use pictures for a lawful purpose (advertising) without compensation.
Park hours are subject to change without notice due to weather and other conditions.
The outdoor waterpark will not open if the forecast high is below 70 degrees.
The park will close if the temperature falls below 70 degrees or in the case of inclement weather.
The park will close due to low attendance in accordance with posted information.
Hours may be subject to change in the case of pre-scheduled special events.
All special events will be posted at SomerSplash and on the website as soon as correct information is available.
* For some special events, summer passes may not be permitted entry and have to pay an entry fee. Those events will be posted on the website and at SomerSplash.
SomerSplash will not issue refunds or rain checks for inclement weather.
1. Alcoholic beverages are prohibited.
2. Glass containers are prohibited and will be confiscated.
3. No coolers or outside food/drink allowed in the park. ALL BAGS ARE SUBJECT TO BE CHECKED WHEN ON PREMISES.
4. Thong style swim wear is not permitted.
5. Only Coast Guard APPROVED flotation devices are allowed in the park. Water wings and small inflatable are allowed only in Kiddie Play area, and when the child is accompanied by an adult.
6. No pets allowed in the park.
7. Guests wearing shorts with metal studs may not ride ANY slides.
8. PAGING IS NOT ALLOWED. Parents/Guardians may be escorted in and out of the park by a Supervisor or Staff Member.
9. Guests with open cuts, abrasions, and sores are not permitted to enter the water.
10. Children age 12 and under must be accompanied and supervised by an adult age 18 or older while in the park.
11. No running or horseplay.
12. Fins/Snorkels/Masks which cover the nose are not permitted in any pool.
13. No diving is allowed in any pool.
14. No deck furniture is permitted in any pool, or at the edge of any pool.
15. Eyeglasses require a head strap.
17. Lifeguards have the authority to prohibit any behavior or activity that poses a risk of injury.
18. No lifeguard emblem attire may be worn by patrons inside the park.
19. Children who are not potty-trained must wear a swim diaper – No Exceptions.
20. All guests are asked to take showers in the locker room prior to entering swimming areas.
21. Cash refunds are not offered at any time.
1. Children must be 52" and under to enter the Kiddie Play area.
2. Children playing in a rough or unsafe manner, regardless of height, will be asked to leave the Kiddie Play area.
3. No walking up the slide.
4. Feet first riding, either on front or back side, ONLY allowed on the slide.
5. Lifeguards have the authority to restrict adult activities in Kiddie Play.
1. All patrons must be in a tube when in the Lazy River.
1. Guests must behave in safe and orderly manner.
2. No swim suits with zippers, buckles, rivets allowed on the slide.
3. Pregnant guests, and those with heart conditions or back problems should not ride the slides.
4. Physically challenged guests are advised against riding slides due to the potential risk or serious injury.
5. Life jackets are not allowed .
6. Must be at least 48 inches tall to ride the large slides.
FOR YOUR SAFETY, RIDERS MUST BE AT LEAST 48" TALL TO RIDE. NO EXCEPTIONS.
1. Feet first riding only, either sitting up or laying down.
2. Guest must exit catch pool immediately. Swimming is not allowed in the catch pool. Only lifeguards are allowed to catch/ assist riders exiting the slide.
3. RIDERS MUST BE AT LEAST 48" TALL TO RIDE. NO EXCEPTIONS.
4. No stopping, spinning, or kneeling while descending the slide.
5. Lifeguard has the authority to restrict riders when unsafe/ uncooperative behavior is exhibited.
1. Guests must enter/exit from the zero depth end of the pool only.
3. No holding, touching or pulling of the rope located at the deep end of the pool.
4. No standing on or kneeling on tubes.
5. Use of ladders is limited to emergency removal and staff only.
6, Only staff Lifeguards are allowed in the area between the rope and the edge of the pool.
7. Lifeguard has the authority to restrict riders/participants when unsafe/ uncooperative behavior is exhibited.


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Hope for Thailand's Beasts of Burden | Video
By Laura on Jul 23, 2010 in Featured Posts, Thailand
For my birthday Ryan surprised me with a day with elephants up in the forested mountains of northern Thailand. I was in for a real treat.
We were transported in a minibus about 25 miles outside of Chiang Mai, Thailand's culture capital and our home base in northern Thailand, to the Elephant Nature Park. The park is home to a unique conservation project established in the 1990′s, offering a sanctuary for abused and abandoned elephants.
A little background on the situation here…For centuries elephants have been an important part of Thai culture. They've served as a means of transport for royalty and soldiers in war and played a key role in Thailand's logging industry. When logging was outlawed in Thailand in the 1990′s, many of the elephants went abandoned, while others were sold into a life of begging. It's not uncommon to see elephants in the middle of traffic on the streets of massive cities, being paraded around to tourists for money. Others were taken into the tourism industry where they are touted for elephant rides. While this might sound like an appealing adventure, we learned in most of these cases the elephants suffer a great deal of abuse and poor living conditions.
The park is home to 34 rescued elephants and gave us an intimate look at these gentle giants. We spent our day volunteering here and got to know the background on a lot of the rescued elephants. One was blinded in both eyes by a previous owner with a bamboo stick and another lost its foot in a landmine accident. Feeding, bathing and caring for the beasts of burden, you couldn't help but be moved by their stories and this unique experience. Check out the video above for scenes from our day.


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You are here: Home / Columns / 2012 Columns / January 16, 2012: Georgia's Education Chief Sees Teachers As 'Life-Changers'
January 16, 2012: Georgia's Education Chief Sees Teachers As 'Life-Changers'
State School Superintendent John Barge knows what teachers can do, given the opportunity. "A teacher turned my life around," he said in a recent telephone conversation. Monty Fountain, a teacher and a coach at Alexander High School in Douglas County became a father-figure and set him on his career path.
"Given the impact that Coach Fountain had on me, I knew education was what I wanted to do," he said. "Education was for me and can be for others a way out of poverty. With an education, you can do better with your life." The superintendent has even established a Monty Fountain Award given four times a year to a teacher who has had a tremendous impact on the lives of others. You can go to the DOE website for details.
I had called Dr. Barge initially to see if he could answer a simple question no one else seems willing or able to answer: Who is in charge of public education in Georgia? Is it the federal government? State government? Local school boards?
He laughed. I don't think it was the first time he had heard the question. "I don't have enough time to tell you everybody who has a part of public education. Just at the Federal level, we not only deal with the Education Department but a number of other federal agencies that provide funding — about $800 million — along with stringent guidelines."
The state also, of course, has its own oar in the public education waters. Gov. Nathan Deal said — correctly — in his recent State of the State speech, "I view education as our No. 1 economic development tool and there is no more forward-looking or strategic place to invest." The governor has even proposed a modest increase for education, although it won't make up for past cuts or provide raises for all teachers.
The Legislature hasn't been a good place for public education to be in recent years. The buzz term around the Gold Dome is "school choice," which I prefer to call by its proper name: "Cannibalizing public education." Its main advocate is State Sen. Majority Leader Chip Rogers (R-Woodstock.) Rogers tried to get his pet project, private school vouchers, through the session last year and failed. I am told he may try to sneak the measure in at the end of this session, assuming no one will be paying attention. (I will be.)
The straight-talking superintendent has told Sen. Rogers he is opposed to vouchers until and unless the same accountability is placed on private schools as on public schools. "If you won't hold private schools accountable to the same extent as public schools," he says, "then give public schools the same leeway private schools have." I like this man.
Dr. Barge and I disagree on private school scholarships. He believes we should be able to donate our money as we choose. I will accept his point if someone can assure me parents aren't gaming the system by putting their kids in public schools long enough to qualify them for the scholarships.
Dr. Barge says the state is close to getting federal approval to replace the infamous (my words) Annual Yearly Progress program, which is another of the predictable screw-ups that emanate regularly from Washington. The superintendent says the College-Career Ready Performance Index will be a better measure of student achievement and teacher performance. I don't have time to go into the details here but it will be a subject of future columns, I promise.
The superintendent has asked for this year to be a "hold harmless year" to get the program up and running. It would be a sin of biblical proportions if legislators continued to push pet personal projects during this time that could impact that program. Maybe they could take this time to improve teacher morale. It is in the dumper in case they haven't noticed.
Dr. Barge says he intends to turn the State Department of Education into a service agency and is working hard to improve relationships with the Legislature. Most of all, he says, "I want to give teachers the tools, flexibility and authority to teach with a minimum of interference."
With four public school teachers in my family, I will be watching to see if he can make that happen amid meddling inside and outside public education. John Barge certainly knows the impact teachers can have in changing lives for the better. Monty Fountain changed his life. That is what teachers can do — given the opportunity.


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Q: Proving triangle sum theorem and parallel lines and corresponding angles To prove triangle sum theorem, you either have to accept that corresponding angles created by a transversal through two parallel lines are equal or you have to prove that, but when proving that they are equal then you have to accept that the triangle sum is 180 degrees or prove it but that takes me back to where I started from. So my question is, how can we consider these proofs to be proofs if they are codependent. When proving parallel and corresponding theorem, I assumed that two corresponding angles where equal, but the lines weren't parallel, but this requires you to accept that a triangle has 180 degrees angle sum for when two lines aren't parallel and intersected by a transversal then they form a triangle. Are my "proofs" too basic, or am I missing something? For when I try to prove one of them, I have to just accept that the other is a fact, without proving, since you cannot prove any of these without accepting that the other is a fact. Please let me know if you require more information from me. But I just want to know how can I accept these as proofs when I have to accept the other as a fact without proving it.

A: Equality of angles follows almost immediately from the original Euclidean version of the parallel postulate:  Suppose the corresponding angles are unequal.  It follows (given a little calculation) that the sum of the interior angles on one side of the transversal is less than two right angles; hence (by Euclid's version of the postulate) the two lines intersect on that side of the transversal, contradicting the assumption of parallelism.  The only 'angle sum' property required is that opposite-side angles always sum to two right angles.

A: ==== short answer ====
Euclids 5th postulate is an axiom.  It can not be proven.  i) The sum of the angles of a triangle ii) the tranversal of parallel lines being equal iii) exactly one parallel line through a point not on the line.  Are three equivalent statements.  Any one can be an axiom to prove the other two.  But one must be assumed axiomatically.
===== long answer =====
You aren't "missing" anything.  Do you understand the concept of axiomatic, logical systems?
You can't prove/know/define anything except what you prove or define from simpler concept.  Thus at the bottom you need bedrock assumed axioms that are taken as given.  Ex: lines are made up of points (what is a "point"?).  You can construct a line between any two points (why?).   Lines in a plane are either parallel or intersect at one point.  etc.
We can't avoid having fundamental axioms that we must take as a given but we can work of paring our axioms down to an essential few with no redundancy.  For example:  In algebra we might think we have three basic fundamentals:  1) $a(b+c) = ab + ac$, 2) $0*a = 0$, and all numbers, 3) $a$ have an inverse $-a$ so that $a+(-a) = 0$.
It turns out those 3) are redundant and we only need 1) and 3) and we can prove 2).  (Pf: $0*a = (0+0)a = 0*a + 0*a$ so $0 = 0*a +(-0*a) = (0*a+0*a) +(-0*a) = 0*a$).  So we have two fundamental axioms 1) and 3) and a proven result 2).
Now we could just as easily had 1) and 2) be the axioms and 3) be the proven result.  (... actually, in this example we'd need a few other axioms about multiplication, but I hope the idea is clear, namely...) We can have a set of some axioms and some basic proven results for a consistent logic system.  Or we could have a different equivalent system were some of the basic proven results  are treated as axioms, and instead the assumed axioms are proven.
So Euclidean Geometry is an axiomatic system and one of the axioms is Euclid's 5th Postulate.
Euclis's 5th Postulate basically says if sum the interior angles of two lines  is less than a linear angle (two right angles) the lines will intersect on the side where the sum is less than a linear angle (i.e. add to 180).
That is an axiom.  As immediately consequence we have that if lines don't meet then the sum of the interior angles will be a linear angle.
From that we can have two alternative but equivalent definitions of parallel i) two lines are parallel if they never meet ii) two lines are parallel if their interior angles are linear (add to 180).
And from that axiom we can prove a slew of things including
i) Given a line and one point off the line there is precisely one parallel line to the point.
ii) the sum of the angles of a triangle is a linear (add to 180).
Now take these three statements:

*

*if sum the interior angles of two lines  is less than a linear angle (180) the lines will intersect on the side where the sum is less than a linear angle (180 degrees).

*Given a line and one point off the line there is precisely one parallel line to the point.

*the sum of the angles of a triangle is a linear (add to 180).

If you assume any one of these, you can prove the other two.
Thus the three statements are equivalent.
But none of them can be proven by themselves.
Or, I should say, given the other axioms of geometry which do not address the issue of parallelism at all (instead the address things about lines existing betweeen two points, that circles of any radius uniquely exist at a center, etc). We need an axiom about parallelism if we are going to talk about parallelism.
So what should be our basic axiom?  Well, any of those three equivalent ones will do.  Euclid, for reasons we can only speculate (but IMO is intuitive and makes sense) choose 1).
So yes, you are correct.  You can only prove one if you assume the other.  This would be circular if one didn't have an axiom to fall back upon.  But we do.
BTW.  If we tossed out Euclids 5th postulate, and even if we replace it with axioms that say the exact opposite, the remaining system has been proven to be consistent (but with very different results).  Thus we have Non-Euclidean Geometry.


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Technology Games
'GTA 5': New 'Grand Theft Auto 5' Gear Revealed, Pre-orders Start Now [PHOTOS]
By Konrad Krawczyk @KKGam3r
"Grand Theft Auto V" rockstargames.com
Rockstar Games, developer of the "Grand Theft Auto" series of open-world sandbox games, has announced the newest "GTA 5" gear.
There are three new arrivals in total. First, we have the official "GTA 5" poster, which measures 22 by 28 inches and will cost $15. Rockstar will also sell a Los Santos Sheriff Trucker Cap, which comes in a green and white color scheme, is adjustable and sports a "Los Santos County Sheriff" badge on the front. The cap will also run you $15. Finally, Rockstar also unveiled two new "GTA 5" shirts, which come in basic black and white and will ship in both men's and women's sizes. The shirts feature a "Los Santos" logo on the front and come with a $20 price tag. Check out the photos below.
GTA 5 Poster http://www.rockstargames.com/newswire
GTA 5 Shirts http://www.rockstargames.com/newswire
GTA 5 Hat http://www.rockstargames.com/newswire
You can pre-order any of the above gear now. All of the above merchandise will be released on Aug. 8. "GTA 5" will be released Sept. 17 for PS3 and Xbox 360.
What do you think of the newest "GTA 5" merchandise? Do you plan to get any of it? Why or why not? What's your favorite "GTA 5" gear so far? Sound off in the comments below.
'GTA 5': Watch The 'Grand Theft Auto 5' Gameplay Reveal Video Here
'Grand Theft Auto 5': 15 Things We Just Learned About 'GTA 5'
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Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and cryptocurrencies are some of the most exciting technologies of our lifetime. Could Kepler produce something even more incredible by combining these innovations?
From vacuum cleaner robots to autonomous drones, robotics is becoming increasingly important in our society. Despite this, Robotics is still a relatively small $80 billion industry, with projections indicating that it will triple in size over the next few years. Many think that the emergence of robotics technology could have the same effect on the world the internet did – it could potentially revolutionize our daily lives.
Kepler Technologies is developing the world's first decentralized ecosystem for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics development. The platform will be completely decentralized and will rely solely on meritocracy and public opinion. By connecting talented developers in both of these fields with investors, the barriers to enter these markets will decrease drastically. This will be highly beneficial for investors that lack knowledge, and for small companies hoping to enter the robotics and artificial intelligence market.
Project Kepler aims to build a state-of-the-art production facility right at the heart of Georgia, a historically well-connected location for trade. Its proximity to China allows for reduced labor costs, and the government of Georgia is currently offering incentives for new startups and companies in the country. This includes land at extremely reduced costs and tax exemptions for multiple years. The factory will be used to produce robotic parts and components, and other smart devices that the company is currently developing with other pioneering companies and universities, including the University of San Diego.
The Kepler Projects currently has several plans on the horizon to revolutionize the industry and monetize it, the least ambitious being the Kepler Universe Platform.
The Kepler Universe Platform is a platform that aims to provide a convenient way for inventors, developers and innovators all around the world to upload high-tech projects and proposals to seek for funding and investment. It will provide an opportunity for experienced professional developers and investors to connect – developers will be able to share their insight and skills with other projects. The platform will be backed by smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. By ensuring all transactions occur on the blockchain, refunds can be guaranteed in the event that a project fails to reach its funding goal.
Apart from the Kepler Universe Platform and the aforementioned Kepler Factory, the company is also planning to build a laboratory. This laboratory will be integral to Kepler's vision that they should possess their own products, and thus, they are planning to establish a laboratory to develop other high-tech products to fund their other projects.
The most ambitious Kepler project would be Kepler City. Once the laboratory and factory have been established in Georgia, Kepler aims to eventually transform the area into Kepler City; an area full of exciting cutting-edge technologies. The Kepler City Hotel and Restaurant will be the first autonomous and automated hotel network in the world where all employees will be robots – this project has already attracted the interest of several investment parties.
Land Greater than 550 000 square meters with a network of buildings, including its laboratory and factory.
A technological university and its campus.
Technical know-how and proprietary patents developed by Kepler.
The value of high-tech products developed by Kepler.
The KEP token pre-sale is currently ongoing and will continue to run until May 10th. During this stage, participants will enjoy a 30% bonus on purchased tokens. The first stage of the initial coin offering will commence on March 1st, where the bonus will be reduced to 15%, which will then go down to 10%, 5% and 0% for the successive stages. Participants will be able to purchase KEP tokens using Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH).
For more information about Kepler Technologies, please visit keplertek.org.
What are your thoughts on Kepler Technologies? How will they impact the robotics and AI industries? Let us know in the comments below.


Promoted for and on behalf of the Cycling Time Trials under their rules and regulations.
Parking is limited, please car share or ride up. Do not park on any grass verges in the village or block any drives. Be polite to any locals who take issue with your parking.
The course is challenging and the surface is what can best be described as "variable" in places and potholes are far from unknown. Recce the course beforehand and familiarise yourself with both the route and hazards such as (but not limited to) steep descents, rough surfaces and hedge gaps (if windy). Ride to the course and choose your equipment accordingly. This is not a course for power meter watching.
Do not cut the corner at the Right hand turn at Scots Gap. This is the easiest way to get DQ'd. The next easiest way to get DQ'd is to use the centre line as your racing line. Roads are narrow. Stay left.
Sections of the course are very remote and it's a long walk back if you can't fix a straight forward mechanical or puncture.
Whalton Village, please respect residential spaces and access. Additional (paid) parking at Bolam Lakes Country Park (please note: access via the course so be aware of riders). Limited parking in the layby at the start. Please use the litter bin provided for drinks and gels etc. No rubbish to be left on the course. No parking down to the bridge at the bottom of the hill 600m from the start or on the road to the right (B6524) leading to Whalton. All vehicles to be parked safely and without hindrance to other road users. CTT advise no parking on verges.
Each rider must sign the sign-on sheet before collecting the designated number. Each rider must sign for themselves and nobody else. Once the course has been completed, please hand the numbers back in at the sign on. Any juniors, who have not completed a parental consent form, must do so before signing on. Sign on will be open from 11am.
Refreshments will be available at the HQ after the event.
Start at Belsay on unclassified road 200m north of junction of A696 and B6524.
Proceed north on unclassified road via Bolam Lake to junction with B6343 (6.4 miles).
Turn left to Scots Gap taking the first right onto unclassified road to Rothley Cross Roads (9 miles). TAKE CARE at right turn to look up for oncoming traffic.
At Rothley Cross Roads turn left onto B6342 to Cambo where left onto B6343 to Scots Gap.
Continue along B6343 to first turn right TAKE CARE at right turn to look up for oncoming traffic onto unclassified road in direction of Belsay to finish opposite start.
This course is set in beautiful countryside, however it is challenging to even the most experienced riders with high speed descents, some poor road surfaces and early season weather conditions.
Riders should obey the highway code at all times and in particular not cut corners or takes risks with control of their bike on steep/long descents and into corners.
In addition to their personal safety riders also have a responsibility to the sport to ride in both a fair and safe manner.
Safety information and on the day risk assessment will be available when you sign in for the race and an experienced club member will be available for younger riders and novices to discuss any concerns about the course and conditions.
No U-Turns are to be made in the vicinity of the timekeeper and no dismounting in the finishing area.
Take extra care at road junctions and particularly at the T-junction for Scots Gap and the right turn for Rothley Cross Roads.
No cutting corners or crossing white lines – if witnessed by an official you will be disqualified.
Head up and watch out for potholes and oncoming traffic.
In the interests of your safety, we recommend that all competitors wear a hard shell helmet and start the race with a working red flashing rear light. Junior riders MUST wear a hard shell helmet.
To assist the timekeepers at the finish line can you please ensure that your number is correctly placed and visible from the rear in line with CTT regulations noted below. If your number is too high, the Time Keepers will not be able to see it. "The number shall be centrally positioned below the waist so as to be clearly visible from the rear when in his normal riding position. Position number as shown:" If the timekeepers cannot see your number clearly by being too high or obscured by outer garment such as a gillet, your time may not be recorded resulting in a DNF.