The prevalence of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is unknown. Although an uncommon condition, it is considered to be the most common autoinflammatory disease among children in many parts of the world. The knowledge of the consequences of the recurrent fever episodes for the child and its family are limited. This study explores the experiences of parents regarding the impact of the disease on the child's general well-being, the family's situation and how the family handles the associated challenges.
A qualitative approach was used, applying a modified version of Grounded theory for design, data collection and analysis. Data was collected from two different sources: communication between parents of children with PFAPA in a closed Facebook group and face-to face interviews with one of the parents of children diagnosed with PFAPA (6 mothers and 2 fathers).
Parents described a lengthy process of how everyday life becomes affected by their child's recurrent fever episodes. This process is depicted in the following Grounded Theory core category: From uncertainty to gradually managing and awaiting recovery. The categories Uncertainty, Assurance, Gradually managing and Recovery describe the experienced illness trajectory. The illness representation illustrates the experiences/impacts of the periodic condition in the subcategories: Harmlessness-Severity, Disclosure of diagnosis, Impact on daily life and Regularity-Unpredictability. The children's well-being was highly affected by the symptoms during episodes. Parents experienced increased stress with constant fatigue, social constraints of family life and restricted career opportunities. Nevertheless, hope of recovery was constantly present.
PFAPA is associated with a considerable burden on the child and the parents in daily life. Obtaining a diagnosis enables parents to move from a state of uncertainty towards a sense of coherence while awaiting recovery. Because of limited general knowledge of the condition and its impact on daily life, health care professionals need to become aware of the parents' efforts to mitigate the consequences of the recurrent episodes for the child and for the family as a whole.
Children who suffer from periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome have recurrent attacks of fever associated with symptoms from the throat for several years . Typically, the attacks are regular, in intervals of 3–8 weeks and durations of 3–6 days. Between episodes, children with PFAPA are by definition completely asymptomatic, with normal growth and development . Despite a good long-term prognosis for children with PFAPA syndrome, our clinical experience indicates that the disease substantially influences the child's general well-being and the family situation as a whole.
PFAPA episodes are symptomatically treated with NSAIDs and paracetamol. In some parts of the world, each episode is treated with corticosteroids, as they efficiently abort an attack. However, treatment with corticosteroids may shorten the intervals between episodes . A positive response to corticosteroids is sometimes used as additional support for the PFAPA diagnosis . In Sweden, corticosteroids are primarily used to postpone a febrile episode that is occurring at a particularly unsuitable time for the child or the family . Tonsillectomy has turned out to be an attractive treatment alternative in many cases [5, 6, 7, 8]. The prevalence of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is unknown. Although it is a rare condition, it is considered to be the most common autoinflammatory disease among children in many parts of the world. The only data on epidemiology is from Norway, with an approximated yearly incidence of 2.3 per 10,000 children up to 5 years of age . Although many parents recognize that the disease substantially influences the situation of the child and the family as a whole, the impact of the disease in this respect has not been studied in a systematic way. This study aims to explore the experiences of parents of children with PFAPA regarding impact on the child's general well-being, family life situation and how the family manages the challenges that accompany the condition. Based on such an in-depth understanding, the study can provide new insights that can be used to meet the healthcare needs of affected children and their families, and serve as an impetus for further studies.
A modified version of Grounded Theory (GT) was used . This methodology is useful for exploring how people learn to manage new or chronic health conditions . In this study, we used 1) internet communication between parents of children with PFAPA and 2) face-to face interviews with parents of children with PFAPA in order to further explore main issues.
A Facebook group directed to people with common interest in PFAPA was identified as a source of information. The PFAPA Facebook group is a closed group, initiated in September 2011 and currently involving around 3500 members, mainly North American inhabitants. The web-community contains rich data with an interactive forum where parents discuss their experiences of having a child with PFAPA. All communication posted over a period of three different months (February, April, and October) in 2013–2014 was collected in order to capture potential seasonal variation in experiences. The posts were copied and pasted into a Word-document for further text analysis.
Face-to face interviews were conducted with 8 Swedish parents (6 mothers and 2 fathers) of children with typical features of PFAPA syndrome, defined as 1) fulfilment of the standard clinical criteria for PFAPA syndrome , 2) lacking additional features suggestive of hereditary periodic fever syndromes or, an unclassified periodic fever syndrome . The parents were consecutively recruited from two paediatric outpatient clinics in western Sweden (see Table 1 for demographic information). The physician consecutively approached the parents during their child's consultation, gave information about the study and obtained consent to participate in an interview. All respondents consented to participation. The interviews were conducted by a researcher not involved in paediatric health care, in a place chosen by the informant. Each interview followed an interview guide with open-ended questions and lasted between 30 and 70 min. The questions focused on how the parents perceived the impact of the disease on the general well-being of their child and on the situation of the family as a whole, as well as how the family manages the challenges that accompany the condition. Follow-up questions were asked in order to obtain rich descriptions. The interviews were digitally recorded for subsequent verbatim transcription.
The analysis was inspired by the Qualitative Guide of Analysis (QUAGOL) . The preparation coding process included reading the PFAPA Facebook group's posts to get a holistic understanding of their experiences. Interviews were processed similarly, with each interview summarized in a narrative memo to capture the core content and meaning within its context. A preliminary conceptual data scheme was developed based on concrete experiences using constant comparison technique. In subsequent steps, a list of concepts was drawn up as preliminary codes by using QSR International's NVivo 11 Software. The text was linked to relevant codes and the concepts were analysed by identifying their characteristics, meaning and dimensions. Linking of categories, general patterns, similarities and differences was continuously sought by constant comparisons within and between codes and categories by two of the authors. Selective coding was used to saturate the categories and theoretical sampling was conducted to achieve saturation of all categories generated in the analysis (example of the analytical process in Fig. 1). High replication of data within emerging categories and verification of experiences and strategies by the participants indicated saturation. Written memos were used to capture key findings. Finally, we developed a conceptual framework to depict the essential structure of parents' experiences and their strategies to manage their life situation.
A conceptual model illustrating the illness representation and trajectory of parents' experiences of the impact of PFAPA and their strategies to manage the challenges is represented in Fig. 2. Parents described a lengthy process, depicted in the following core category: From uncertainty to gradually managing and awaiting recovery. The first phase in the illness trajectory was characterized by uncertainty when parents alternately hoped for a harmless reason for their child's condition or feared a more severe cause of the frequent fever episodes. The parents commonly handled this uncertainty by exploring and logging symptoms and patterns in order to seek causes of the fever. Some assurance was obtained with the disclosure of the diagnosis, resulting in relief and explanation, which helped the parents deal with their own frustration and that of others. The child's health and well-being were reported to be highly affected by the recurrent episodes and absence from activities sometimes led to social isolation and academic shortcomings. For the parents, increased stress from everyday life resulted in constant fatigue, social constraints of family life and a negative impact on career opportunities. The parents gradually learned to manage the fever episodes and their consequences by dividing responsibility between them, and carefully preparing and planning for the anticipated episode. The hope of a recovery was constantly present, as the parents knew that the child could grow out of the disease, or improve after tonsillectomy.
Below, the process reflecting the parental experiences and strategies is described in detail with main categories describing the illness trajectory (in bold) and subcategories illustrating the illness representation (in italics), Quotes are cited as I for interview and number (I:1–8) and (FB) for communication in the Facebook community.
During the phase of uncertainty, parents described how their feelings and worries about the child's condition and potential diagnosis switched between hope of harmlessness to fear of severity. Their worries also included side effects of the antipyretics and antibiotics given, as well as the discomfort and possible complications of frequent physical examinations, investigations and blood samplings. Parents described the situation as frustrating due to the lack of knowledge about PFAPA within the health care system. Sometimes health care providers dismissed the child's frequent febrile episodes as being a normal pattern of infections for a toddler.
"And we kinduv' felt…how much antibiotics should we give her? How will it affect her? On top of all the Alvedon (paracetamol) and Ipren (ibuprofen) we're were doing all the time. And during that period we were…there was a lot of worrying and wondering like ʻis it something serious?' and you'd ask the question ʻwhat on earth can it be? Is there something wrong with her or has she got a tumour?"(I:8).
This phase of uncertainty involved exploring and seeking causes of the fever episodes. Some parents searched for potential diagnosis on the internet, and eventually found PFAPA to be a possible one.
"So then we started to think about it ourselves, ʻcan it be…the fever system…can you have something wrong with it? So that you get a fever although you're not sick?' But we didn't have the slightest idea what diagnoses there were – and it wasn't easy to find. Then you google a bit and find something called periodic fever and recognised yourself a little in that." (I:1).
Sometimes I wonder if it is related to PFAPA. My daughter usually has fever for 4–5 days and symptoms last 7–9 days. She is only 16 months so we are still in observation stage and trying prednisone next episode. (FB).
I am guessing almost every time. Never quite sure whether this is PFAPA or something else just starting. My daughter fevers also come back a couple of days after Pred but it has never been anything else - no other "normal" disease. (FB).
Parents described how they were logging patterns on their own initiative. Others were encouraged by health care workers to keep a fever log book, which was appreciated when they came to the health care visit prepared with information about symptoms and fever intervals. For some parents, the active strategies of logging seemed to help them handle the uncertainty, contributing with information that could potentially solve the "mystery" of the child's condition.
I have a blog that I write in a bit privately only then. And it was…after some months I started to feel…and then the fever again and then it was gone and I went back to see what I'd written. It was a bit like a diary too. Then I started to put together what I'd written in the blog and then I realised that it was still the same pattern here. So that's when we started to wonder...(I:3).
Receiving a diagnosis was very important for the parents. People in general are largely unaware of the condition, and the diagnosis helped the parents to regain credibility after all their absences from work. The diagnosis explained their situation and a certificate from the physician enhanced managers' and colleagues' understanding and patience.
It's frustrating to try to explain to people sometimes because they just don't understand what it's like and that it's a real illness. (FB).
Being able to get a certificate, it was such a relief to be able to give it to the principal and even my husband's employer and the social security office. So that…we're not doing this because it's fun or we're lazy but so we could explain to other people and get them to understand at work and at the social security office and the like. (I:2).
Having the child finally diagnosed with PFAPA was described as reassuring. The parents had feared so many other more serious or life-threatening conditions and this diagnosis gave hope for the future. With this reassuring knowledge and their extensive experience of caring for the child during the fever episodes, the parents became experts at managing the condition.
But all of a sudden we found ourselves in a situation where we actually are the experts in a way. (I:4).
My daughter just turned 12 and was diagnosed with this this past week. She has been experiencing symptoms since she was about 15 months old. I feel so relieved to finally have some answers but also sad that it took so long to figure out. She has had fever free periods in her life but for the most part she gets quite sick every few weeks. (FB).
The parents described how the periodic fever impacted upon the child and themselves in different ways. The child's suffering, as described by the parents, was mainly related to PFAPA symptoms during the episodes. A general impaired condition, difficulties in feeding the child and sudden changes owing to symptoms like vomiting caused practical problems. This resulted in parents worrying about the long-term effects on their child's physical wellbeing and weight development.
I have to go round carrying him all the time because I…yes, among other things I want to keep an eye on him because I know that too high a temperature is no good. If he needs to go to the toilet – or if I need to – I have to take him with me, because he doesn't have the energy and he's really miserable and tired. (I:7).
The parents felt they needed to be prepared to treat the child with antipyretics to avoid fever-related symptoms. Some parents reported their child suffering from impaired general health between the episodes, owing to the short time lapses for recovery. The children's mood seemed to be more or less affected the days before a fever episode but also some days after.. Moreover, the fever could be followed by decreased appetite and activity. Parents tried to use the time between episodes to compensate for insufficient nutritional intake during episodes. Parents also perceived the condition as having a social impact on the child's daily life, as recurrent absences from daily activities, nursery school, school and leisure activities could lead to impaired social interaction and isolation.
Because he's ill so much, and starting a new class, it affects him a lot socially. Because as soon as he starts to play with someone, he's away for a week, so it feels like you kind of become a bit unreliable. It can be difficult to get in with a group of friends. (I:1).
People, the pediatrician and specialist always try to be sweet and say he will most likely outgrow it so as to say, no worries. But how much can a young child really bear and how much can a mother/ family take? (FB).
Gets so exhausting, our little guy gets it every 19 days for 5–6 days so we usually only get a 14 day break. I really feel like I am drowning lately. (FB).
My question for everyone is how do you manage time out of work? I've worked only 2 full weeks since mid-January and hearing this may be our new normal until she grows out of it. It scares me. Anyone have to quit work because of the frequency? (FB/February).
Fortunately, I stay home. There is no way I would be able to hold a position with him being sick so often. My husband was traveling often for work and had to take another position. (FB).
Parents also shared stories of missed opportunities in their professional career because of the consequences of their child's disease. For example, in order to manage the family situation, they hesitated to take on a career opportunity or considered leaving a position they had already reached.
He (the father) had just got a new job – a new position as head of projects – before she got ill but…he felt he had to be at home a lot because I…in the beginning I was at home the most but then he had to be at home a lot too; we had to start sharing it, so he felt that he couldn't fulfil his duties that well…that he had hit the wall. (I:2).
They've even been able to say to me: ʻSo when is your child going to be sick again? Because we're planning the schedule now' (I:7).
Most parents described the fever episodes as appearing with a certain regularity. Although the child's condition and its consequences were frustrating and problematic, this regularity was sometimes helpful in daily life, since activities and events could be planned according to the episodes.
Yes, there's between two, three weeks (between fever episodes). But for a while it was like that – because I work in a school – so it was like: ʻthis week it's been good so Wednesday, Thursday… so sometime next week I can count on going home.' So then it was like you could think about it beforehand (I:5).
It's nice to know I'm not the only one that has a Friday- Monday child, she usually starts Friday evening which is too late to drive her to Boston. I don't work Fridays either so it would be perfect if she started on Thursday night instead, ha-ha (FB).
Others experienced a more unpredictable occurrence of fever episodes. The illness could change from a regular to a more unpredictable pattern over time. The practical advantages of the regular pattern became evident when this regularity was interrupted by treatment with steroids, or when the child got a viral infection between the episodes, which in both cases hampered planning.
During the interviews, the parents described how they resolved sick leave duty during episodes by either sharing the responsibility equally, for example by taking every other day, or by deciding according to assignments at work, workload, financial consequences and/or any other practical reason. Shared responsibility was less evident in the international context of Facebook interactions, where it was mostly mothers interacting and commenting that they took primary responsibility for the care of the child during episodes.
But we try to work it out and see who has the most to do, who's finding it the most difficult to get away. So that we still have…I've probably taken on more because I've been free one day a week, but he's been home absolutely – yes almost half the time I'd say. (I:2).
The fever started in the morning, it wasn't an evening thing – she had fever when we woke up and by then my hubby had already gone to work so I was the one who stayed at home. And it was the financial situation we thought too: he earns a lot more than me and so we benefit from him going to work. I'm used to taking care of kids…we haven't even talked about who should stay at home, it's usually me. (I:5).
What was a sometimes unsustainable situation for the child and the family led to considering more active treatment options such as steroids and eventually surgery, i.e., tonsillectomy. Parents appeared to be aware that steroids could be used to abort a single episode at an unsuitable time, but many expressed doubts about the effects and consequences of this alternative. Sometimes they described how steroids could shorten the interval between episodes.
My little boy will be 2 on Friday, and his tonsillectomy is next Thursday, I am uneasy about it but our life is not a life anymore. Steroids have also brought fevers closer, every 2 weeks or less. (FB).
In the recovery phase, the illness was still representing itself in terms of regularity and unpredictability. The parents hoped and expected that their child would outgrow the PFAPA episodes as he or she became older, as described by health care providers or other parents with such experiences. However, uncertainty as to if and when this would occur gave rise to feelings of unpredictability and frustration, and made it difficult to know what to expect of the future.
She's getting big now so…they also say that it seems they'll outgrow or it'll turn into something else but I don't know much more about it…and then even age…we'll have to see what becomes of it later. If there are more symptoms or something like that, we don't know. (I:6).
After a period of less frequent episodes, parents continued to keep track of the fever pattern to know if the end of PFAPA episodes was approaching, otherwise they felt they would have to consider tonsillectomy instead of waiting for their child to outgrow the disease.
He has not had an episode since DECEMBER. This is monumental for us. (FB/February).
He *seems* to be outgrowing it. Episodes are further between, and generally much less severe. Current plan is to hold off on considering T & A (tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy) if this continues. Fingers crossed. (FB).
For some parents, tonsillectomy was considered the only way out of this unmanageable situation. In the Facebook community, discussion largely focused on worries about the surgical procedure, for example, surgical complications, postoperative suffering for the child, other negative consequences, and if surgery had been curative or not.
Doing it felt like the only way out for us when things were so difficult for us, that we wanted it more than anything, and then it was the age limit of three that prevented us from doing it earlier. So when he was three in March, he (the doctor) got us a referral. (I:3).
Our Tonsillectomy was a cake walk compared to how crappy the PFAPA episodes were.
-Agree. Tonsillectomy recovery was no fun but so much better than episodes every two weeks.
- I would do tonsillectomy again in half a heartbeat. It was the right decision for us. (FB).
A tonsillectomy gave us a 3 year remission period. Even though the fevers came back, the surgery was worth it to have 3 "normal" years! (FB).
Although many children seemed to be more or less symptom free after surgery, others who had got rid of the fever still had regular 'ghost' episodes, which were mostly milder in terms of frequency and severity. Symptoms could be combinations of tiredness, abdominal pain, mouth ulcers, crankiness or minor problems with a sore throat. In those cases, the milder symptoms made life less unpleasant for the child and more manageable for the parents.
Primarily, it (the tonsillectomy) meant he could eat and drink better during his episodes and even if he…vomited it comes up. Before it he was so swollen in his throat because it was pretty slimy then, it just got stuck in the throat. He had a lower temperature than what he used to and its's a bit easier to manage as well. (I:3).
However, compared to before surgery, these symptoms had less impact on general health and fewer social consequences. In the Facebook community, parents also shared stories about setbacks after the child was supposed to have outgrown their illness. Having felt such relief following the child's recovery, the parents were clearly disappointed by the return of symptoms.
Wondering if anyone else has had the same thing? My daughter had PFAPA when she was about 5 and it lasted for about 3 years. I thought it was over and we were past it when she started getting the symptoms again at age 13 coincidently after her menstrual cycle started. (FB).
This qualitative analysis is based on the parents' experiences of having a child with PFAPA syndrome. The findings contribute knowledge of how everyday life becomes affected during a process with different phases; from a state of uncertainty to assurance after disclosure of the diagnosis, and how the parents gradually learn to manage their daily life while waiting for either spontaneous recovery or tonsillectomy. In the illness trajectory, the parents experienced regularity-unpredictability in both the phase of gradually managing and longing /hoping for recovery. This was related to fever episodes as well as the potential out-growing/ healing after tonsillectomy. (Fig. 2).
The key to the diagnosis of PFAPA relies on the recognition of recurrent regular febrile episodes with the same clinical features, although a single episode is difficult to distinguish from an infection with certainty. Limited awareness of the condition among healthcare providers along with diagnostic challenges often result in a long period without a proper diagnosis, characterized by repeated healthcare visits accompanied by blood sampling, investigations and antibiotic treatments. In this study, interviewed parents and members in the Facebook community describe the uncertainty, the frustration and the worries before their child was diagnosed with PFAPA. These pre-diagnostic experiences are similar to that of parents whose children are subsequently diagnosed with more severe conditions, for example, malignancies or Kawasaki disease . On the other hand, the diagnostic disclosure of PFAPA resulted in psychological relief and provided the parents with an explanation – an experience that is in sharp contrast to the overwhelming uncertainty that parents of children with a life-threatening condition have to live with .
When the child's condition was diagnosed as PFAPA it made the situation more understandable, and allowed parents to gradually learn to manage their daily life by dividing responsibilities in a more conscious way by planning their activities with episodic regularity in mind, and carefully preparing for the anticipated episode. This may explain our clinical observation that many parents did not express a need for regular follow-up visits after the disease was diagnosed, if they could contact the physician when needed. This can also be linked to the concept of sense of coherence, where the three dimensions comprehensibility, meaningfulness, and manageability  are reflected in the importance of obtaining the PFAPA diagnosis, which in turn helps parents to develop strategies to manage everyday life.
In PFAPA syndrome, the fever episodes reoccur for approximately 3–5 years with variations in frequency, length and intensity. In this study, the parents made clear that they had spent years constantly waiting and hoping their child would recover, either by outgrowing the disease or improving after tonsillectomy. In the interview cohort, possible improvement after tonsillectomy was delayed due to clinical practice in Sweden, which recommends tonsillectomy after the age of three. The reasons for this are that the immunological consequences of tonsillectomy are unknown at a very early age and that adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has been associated with a greater risk of postoperative respiratory complication in children under the age of three, as compared to older children . The results in the interview study made the clinicians in the research group reconsider their clinical practice for children below the age of three, by offering the family a trail of colchicine treatment and starting a process of reevaluating the scientific support for the recommended age limit for tonsillectomy.
Parents reported substantial impact on their work situation due to the frequent fever episodes. Shared responsibility between parents seemed to be more common in the interviews (the Swedish context) than in the Facebook community, where most participants appeared to be US citizens. This is not very surprising since Swedish governmental policies include a greater allowance for combining parenthood and employment and a more generous reimbursement for care of sick children than many other countries, which is likely to support shared responsibility for sick leave. Such differences were also found in a qualitative study with parents of children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes . However, in the present study it was more evident that the career development of the parents was adversely affected by the recurring absence periods. This indicates a significant impact on the parents' overall life situation.
In the classical definition of PFAPA syndrome, one of the criteria is normal growth and in clinical practice, children rarely (most often with very frequent episodes) that lose weight. This study shows that normal growth seems to be achieved by a combination of significant parental effort and the child's increased appetite between episodes.
We used two data collection methods in this study, which needs to be acknowledged. The objective was to capture both the broad picture of parents' experiences in the Facebook community and a deeper understanding of the families' situation through the interviews. A relevant question to raise is to what extent Facebook members gave their consent to the use of their posts. The web master posted a survey about the use of posts for research purposes and based on the result of this survey consent was obtained. Using data in a closed group, removing names/nicknames and slightly modify quotes from Facebook communication to avoid identification via search engines, was considered to secure confidentiality. However, these two data sources differ in terms of validity. Firstly, because the researchers did not select individuals from the Internet-based material, this population is possibly skewed in its representation. In contrast, we were able to apply a more strategic and purposeful sampling procedure for the interviews. Secondly, it is not certain that the children referred to in the Facebook posts really have PFAPA. The patients in the interview cohort were consecutively included from patients with typical PFAPA, i.e. they fulfilled the classical criteria by Thomas et al.  and did not have any additional symptoms that would indicate monogenic periodic fever syndrome or unclassifiable periodic fever syndrome. Verifying emerging findings from Facebook data by further exploring these topics in the interviews helped us identify consistent patterns across the different data sources. As always in qualitative studies, transferability is dependent on contextual conditions and we claim that our inclusion of two different contexts increases transferability to a wider international population. In line with Malterud  we claim that in this exploratory study, we did not aim for a complete description of all aspects of experiences of parents living with a child with PFAPA in daily life. Instead, the objective was to provide insights that complement or challenge our current clinical understandings of this unexplored phenomenon.
PFAPA syndrome is often considered a benign condition with spontaneous resolution. Nevertheless, this study indicates that PFAPA is associated with a considerable burden for the child and the parents in their daily life. The study emphasises the importance of obtaining a diagnosis that enables parents to move from a state of uncertainty towards a sense of coherence. The parent's burden and efforts to care for their child and to mitigate the consequences of recurrent episodes need to be recognized and supported by healthcare professionals. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of increased knowledge about PFAPA and what it entails for patients and their parents in the healthcare system and society at large.
The authors are grateful to the parents who shared their experiences of caring for a child with PFAPA.
The work was supported by The Health & Medical Care Committee of the Regional Executive Board, RegionVästra Götaland, Sweden. The funding body had no role in the design of the study; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; and in writing the manuscript.
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to confidentiality but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
CSL. SB, AF, AK and PW took part in the design of the study. CSL and PW was responsible for data collection and analyses and the writing of manuscript, with input from SB, AF and AK. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
CSL, Associate professor, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg. SB, MD, PhD, Senior consultant pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg. AF, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg. AK, Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg. PW, MD, PhD, Senior consultant pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, NU-Hospital Group, Uddevalla and Department of Pediatrics Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
The study was approved by the Regional Ethics Board, University of Gothenburg (Diary No. 273–14). Prior to interviews, participants were given written and oral information about the study. They were assured voluntary participation and informed about the right to withdraw their participation at any time. Permission to use the communication for research purposes was obtained from the webmaster, who informed the members of the group about the study. All names and nicknames were removed for integrity reasons.


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Food History in Idaho Over the Past 100 Years
Hannah Published: January 5, 2022
Credit: Austrian National Library via Unsplash
Idaho may be known for its potatoes, but it has a history of food trends and inventions over the years. Young or old, every Idahoan can bond over the love of food and new inventions that have elevated our palettes over the years.
Believe it or not, Idaho has had many inventions and historical breakthroughs. Most notably, the birthplace of television, which was in Rigby, Idaho by Philo T. Farnsworth. This discovery led to the major entertainment source we all have today.
Those who know the history of Idaho, know the people are believers, entrepreneurs, and hard workers.
What a time machine!
Here is some more history of Idaho over the years:
History of Boise Sports Arena and Concert Venue Names
LOOK: See how much gasoline cost the year you started driving
To find out more about how has the price of gas changed throughout the years, Stacker ran the numbers on the cost of a gallon of gasoline for each of the last 84 years. Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (released in April 2020), we analyzed the average price for a gallon of unleaded regular gasoline from 1976 to 2020 along with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for unleaded regular gasoline from 1937 to 1976, including the absolute and inflation-adjusted prices for each year.
Read on to explore the cost of gas over time and rediscover just how much a gallon was when you first started driving.
Idaho Cities from over 100 years ago - photos
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Chris Petersen Through The Years
Coach Chris Petersen Boise State to Washington to Fox Sports
You Won't Recognize This 123 Year Old Idaho Home After It's HUGE Make-Over
Filed Under: 100 years, 2022, boise, Food, food over the years, food trends, goals for 2022, History, history of idaho, Idaho, idaho food inventions, idaho loves food, Idaho potatoes, inventions of food over the years, New Year, new years resolutions
Categories: Entertainment, Real Life
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Boise Music Festival Setup & BTS Pictures of the Calm Before the Storm…
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


CFP: Certified Financial Planner; this is the top professional designation for financial planners. The Certified Planning Board of Standards sets the standards for this designation. CFPs have knowledge of investments, estate and retirement planning, and insurance and taxes. Candidates must complete extensive course work and pass qualifying exams.
ChFC: Chartered Financial Consultants must complete course work and pass exams on financial planning, investing, insurance, taxes, and estate planning. They must also have completed three years of work experience in financial planning.
CPA/PFS: Certified Public Accounts and Personal Financial Specialists have taken additional coursework that is specialized in financial planning.
CLU: Charter Life Underwriters work for life insurance companies and take the same financial planning topics as the Chartered Financial Consultants.
CFA: Chartered Financial Analysts take a three-years independent study to earn this designation. They must have three years of work experience and pass several exams on accounting, ethical standards, and portfolio management. Most CFAs work for mutual funds and large pension funds.
CIC: Chartered Investment Counselors is the next step up from CFAs who have completed more study in particular portfolio management.
CFS: A Certified Fund Specialist studies mutual funds and advises clients on which funds to buy. If the CFS holds the correct license, he can buy and sell funds for you. Most CFSs work for mutual fund companies.
CIMA: Certified Investment Management Analysts are investment consultants with at least three years of experience and focus on risk management, performance measurement, and asset allocation. They are required to take extensive continuing education courses.


I was raised in Robstown, Texas. Located along the southern coastal bend of Texas, it has been through learning this small town's history, its landscape, and its people where I compose my inspiration for academic research and community involvement.
Currently, I a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of American Studies at Brown University. My dissertation, tentatively titled "The Age of Encampment: Race, Surveillance, and the Power of Spatial Scripts, 1933-1975," charts a history of the creation of federally-funded camps and their lasting legacies. Beginning with the New Deal era's push for progressive reform in the form of migratory labor camps, I trace how these initial camps came to used for the encampment of other threatening bodies such as German, Italian, and Japanese incarcerees in the 1940s and Bracero labor in the 50s. The dissertation ends with a call for the end of encampments by multiple civil rights activists in the 60s and 70s.
I currently live in Washington, D.C. for archival research and writing purposes. In 2018 I was awarded the Ford Predoctoral Fellowship for the years of 2018-2021. I am fluent in Spanish and I am gaining proficiency in American Sign Language. I serve on the board of multiple academic and community organizations. More detailed information about my work experience, scholarly productivity, and community engagement can be found by accessing my Curricula Vitae.


Bill with a height of 1.8m standing at a distance of 4m away from a camera. If the camera has a lens with a power of + 4.0 D, what is the height of Bill's image on the film?
Help is much appreciated dearest kind souls thanks !
where f is the focal length = 1/D and u is the object distance.


Posted on Tuesday, November 26th, 2013 at 5:25 am by Ty Anderson.
For all their new and exciting features, the newest editions of Visual Studio 2012 and 2013 lack a key component… setup projects. If you utilize the Visual Studio setup project templates, Microsoft does not provide any clear or simple upgrade path for the investments you have made.
If this is you, please dry that tear in your eye and rejoice. We have created the Designer for WiX toolset. The WiX Designer provides a set of designers that allow to quickly configure a WiX-based setup project. The designers will be familiar to you as they do just what you expect (e.g. configure file system, add registry keys, edit file types, configure custom actions, and more).
I expect you are curious to see the WiX Designer in action. For you, the curious, we created this short demo.
Hello Ty, Pieter, and others.
Firstly, thanks very much for working on this product. From the video and these blog posts, it looks promising. I was initially surprised that there didn't seem to be much in the way of GUI editors for WiX projects already.
I'm slowly trying to slide things to WiX. It seems more preferable for our needs than the other obvious tool people use (InstallShield) which appears far too big and complicated for our requirements. I have a few questions about where you're going with this, though.
(1) Does this tool work with *any* WiX project? As in, will it parse an WiX project without losing that project's existing data? Or does it only work with WiX projects that were created by the tool?
(2) Do you plan to do anything with detecting project references, or at the very least some kind of drag-and-drop reference interface? I know the installer purists say that you should always know and define exactly what you plan to install on a target system, have proper unit tests on a build server, and so on. That side of the VS setup projects, however, is still something I've missed, as frustrating as it was when certain bugs were encountered that caused it to fail to detect references between projects and other referenced DLLs… sometimes at completely random times. I've especially missed that functionality when I've just wanted a one-off quick-and-dirty installer for something, and methodically typing out many XML lines for every single library or other product I've referenced and grouping them into components and so on simply doesn't appeal.
(3) Do you plan to include functionality for operations like registering DLLs, which the VS Setup projects used to include? (I'm aware that the VS Setup projects didn't always do it reliably and without bugs.) Part of the WiX system, at least with what I've encountered, is in all the tools which it has. eg. When I have DLLs that need to be registered on a target system, I have a bunch of post-build scripts which run WiX tools like HEAT.EXE, to harvest all the registry information required for that DLL's registration, and then include the generated file(s) for all the registry keys in the resulting compilation.
Thank you for your interest in our product! Please see the answers to your questions below.
1) Yes, the product works with any WiX project.
2) We have plans to implement such a feature though it is not a trivial task. Probably we will be able to find an elegant solution to automatically include all referenced assemblies into a WiX project.
3) This point also exists in our plans. However, we are going to use the SelfRegCost attribute of the File element.
If you have any questions or need more info feel free to ask me.
What's your preferred way to get feedback on this tool?
I found a few issues when testing over the week-end.
3) Changing a setup project to 64bit (once you actually manage.. it took me a bunch of restarts and trying to change project properties everywhere for it to eventually take – I suspect a problem with the vix plugin, not the desginer), or the removal of a custom action directly from the .wxs broke all GUI editors.. none lanches anymore (I tried re-adding the lines I removed, but to no avail). Changing back to x86 did nothing.
1) Regrettably, we can do nothing about this issue because the WiX schema lacks attributes that we could use to name a launch condition. Maybe, we will be able to somehow resolve this problem in the future.
As for the other issues, can you please contact our support team (you can find our email address in the readme.txt file located in the product's installation folder) and we will try to fix them. Thank you!
As for the renaming – I'm currently looking at the XML.. couldn't you save the old string (IEditable et al.), then upon committing the change, look up the old Condition message in the XML, and replace it? Granted, there's the issue with having multiple matches, but who is going to create two launch conditions with the same message?
Probably I misunderstand you. The Condition element in the WiX scheme can contain only 3 attributes, Action, Level and Message. We cannot save the condition's name in none of these attributes, nor can we add a custom attribute to the Condition element.
Please let me know if you are looking for something different.
Is Beta 2 available yet for testing?
Beta 2 of the WiX Designer has been published. You can find more details, download link and a new license key here.
I posted my question on the original BETA1-blog post. I have a problem getting this software working with Windows Services. Is that something you can confirm?
If this software ends out as good as it looks like I will definately end up purchasing it. This software is what makes me and VS2013 come together… until now I stick to VS2010 only bcause of the deployer.
I have just replied to you here.
I need something that reproduces the behavior for testing because I cannot replicate the issue on my side.
blaaaah… I've tried a couple of times now and I am unable to reproduce my own problem! I hate situations like this.
If you have any questions or run into issues feel free to contact us.


This is the new model with the M4 Style Housing and Square Post. If you have a lot of training and trigger time on the M16 and M4 iron sights, this configuration front sight is generally faster to use.
Excellent all around Front Battle Sight. Will take a Beating and More.


Simpson Performance Products are headquartered in Texas, USA, and were born out of a desire to produce high performance racing gear, primarily for the drag racing and Nascar scenes. In 1979 they released their first helmet – the RX-1 – and have since gone on to produce well-rated helmets across motorsports – and for riders as well as drivers all over the world. You'll find all of our Simpson motorcycle helmet reviews on this page.


in less liquid markets, but this is for a reason. A mainstream broker-dealer will always want to" in step with the FX interbank market. 1lot.01lot 1pips500500 (FBS) 123 FX123 123MT4 123 FBS or FX FBS FBS Finance Brokerage Services Suite 5, Garden City Plaza, Mountain View Boulevard, belmopan, Belize,. Time Broker A Trade Broker B Trade 01:00:00.3035 / 037.3035 / 037 01:00:01.3036 / 038 Buy 1lot @.3038.3048 / 052 Sell 1 lot @.3048 01:00:02.3049 / 053 Sell 1 lot @.3049.3049 / 053 Buy 1 lot. Value Trade Alternatives Seeing the futures contract was overvalued, a value trader could simply have sold a contract hoping for it to converge to fair value. Arbitrageurs are the players who push markets to be more efficient. The outcome would have been: Entry trade: Buy 1 lot from A @.3048 / Sell 1 lot to B @.3048 Exit trade: Sell 1 lot to A @.3049 / Buy 1 lot from B @.3053 Profit: -4 pips In fact, this. When one market is undervalued and one overvalued, the arbitrageur creates a system of trades that will force a profit out of the anomaly. From the above the arbitrageur does the following trade: Buy.2288 EUR @.3001.2288 USD from Broker A Buy 1 GBP @.2288 EUR from Broker B Sell 1 GBP @.6 USD to Broker A His profit.6 USD.3.2288 USD.00256. However, this would not be an arbitrage.
Cross-broker Arbitrage Arbitrage between broker-dealers is probably the easiest and most accessible form of arbitrage to retail FX traders. But this would be risky too because he would then be exposed to changes in interest rates because spot contracts are rolled-over nightly at the prevailing kryptowährung pampa und dam interest rates. Grid trading is a powerful trading methodology but it's full of traps for the unwary. Want to stay up to date? For the ordinary trader, this makes finding exploitable arbitrage even harder. You can also use software to back-test your feeds for arbitrageable opportunities. In practice, this is not always going to happen. Now he will wait for the prices to come back into sync and close the two trades. Forbidding arbitraging is shortsighted in my opinion. The cost today is USD 1,428.41. He can borrow in US dollars the amount, 1407.15.5 interest. In practice, most broker spreads would totally absorb any tiny anomalies in"s.


Cleaning is not an easy and small process as it involves a lot of time. Gym cleaning Melbourne lets you clean the house with special skills and special methods so that all the areas are covered without much wastage of time. Those who have tried got to know that it is not an easy process at all and it requires a lot of time and hard work. It will be considered a great job when all the equipments and the facilities are covered with the usage of the right equipments and right products.
Office cleaning Melbourne provides you the best experience where special attention is given and even caution is also taken while cleaning any glass materials. Everything is done with so much care and special attention is given to ensure the best services. To keep the office space sparkling it is very important for the businesses to hire the commercial cleaning service provider. In order to run the successful business, cleaning of the workplace is also very important so as to keep your facility shiny and clean. You must get done the service after you check all about their experience.
It is very important to keep your hotel clean and tidy as the customers expect cleanliness in the rooms. Especially in the hotel, it is important for the management to cater to the needs of the hospitality so as to maintain the standards and the customers can also be impressed. Bond cleaning Melbourne provides the best services and that to variety of sectors and establishments.


Indian women's team captain Mithali Raj has revealed that she was expecting to be dropped from the T20I squad and sacked from ODI captaincy in the aftermath of the controversy which erupted during the Women's World T20 last year.
Mithali Raj, in a discussion with The Hindu, said that she is going through a 'challenging phase' in her career right now after a long training session at St John's Coaching Foundation at Hyderabad.
Mithali and former Indian women's team coach Ramesh Powar were involved in a spat that became rather public when she was dropped from the playing XI for the semi-finals of the Women's World T20 against England.
Her omission from the team didn't go down well with too many people as Mithali is a revered figure who has contributed so much to the growth of women's cricket in the country.
"Honestly, I thought I would be dropped from T20s and sacked from captaincy. I never had any expectations that I would play. I have faced difficult times in the past. But, this time it was in the public domain. Hurt a lot of people in many ways at different levels. It was the most challenging phase for me," she said.
"I was deeply disappointed at the negative portrayal of women's cricket more than about me being treated like that. It was not about my batting position, which was never a concern, but about being part of the winning team. It was more about the behavior."
Mithali also went on to say that she was saddened by the way the whole episode played out. However, she also added that despite some players from the team such as Smriti Mandhana and Harmanpreet Kaur openly backing Ramesh Powar's move to leave her out of the team, she holds no grudges against anybody.
She knows for a fact that at the age of 36, she would need to be at her best, fitness-wise, to play all forms of the game and she has put the events of the Women's World T20 behind her in order to focus on the upcoming ODI series against New Zealand.
The events that transpired in the wake of India's exit from the competition have tainted the image of one of India's finest players.
With so many players coming out in support of the team's decision to drop Mithali from the side in the recently-concluded Women's World T20, it is pleasing to see that she is willing to put those events behind her and focus on the upcoming ODI series.
It is a testament to her personality that she's willing to help and guide all the players in the side to perform well.
However, she is aware that she's not getting any younger and any dip in form could see her being left out of the side.


text:
Salfít (arabsky سلفيت) je město na Západním břehu Jordánu v governorátu Salfít, jehož je hlavním městem. Je spravováno vládou Státu Palestina. Nachází se ve výšce 570 m v samařských horách nedaleko izraelské osady Ariel. Město vzniklo v době Osmanské říše, v roce 1596 v osmanských daňových registrech poprvé objevuje zmínka o vesnici Salfít al-Basal. Salfít slouží jako administrativní a obchodní centrum pro okolní vesnice a salfitský governorát je největším producentem olivového oleje v Palestině. Problémem je blízkost osady Ariel, protože Izraelci uzavřeli cestu spojující Salfít s okolními vesnicemi na severu, protože se kříží s jinou cestou spojující Ariel s Izraelem. Dalším problémem jsou spory o vybudování čističky vody, které Izraelci kladou překážky, a existence Izraelské bezpečnostní bariéry.

Externí odkazy

Města na Západním břehu Jordánu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Franken dropped by Senate Chamber for quick trim in chair Blago installed to replace Obama's vacant seat.
MINNEAPOLIS, MN - Former "Saturday Night Live" writer and performer Al Franken resigned from his post as Minnesota Senator today, citing mental exhaustion from an unbelievably tight election, an arduous recount, and a subsequent 7-week court battle over the results of the recount with rival Norm Coleman.
"The campaign for this Senate seat has been long and expensive, and I'm completely drained," said the former "Saturday Night Live" writer and performer elected last November by a margin of 206 votes out of some 2.9 million cast. "Norman can go ahead and have his second 6-year term now, for all I care. He obviously wants it badly enough."
"I just congratulated Al Franken on his victory," said a confused Coleman, nearly eight months after his loss. "I was floored when he told me he's resigning!"
Franken urged Coleman to "get back to work as soon as possible," noting the backlog of unfinished business that has accrued without a confirmed Senator to occupy the Minnesota seat for almost two-thirds of a year.
"The fight ahead, the fight to rebuild our economy and broken health care system, the fight to restore our standing in the world, is a fight America must win," said Franken, "but it's a fight America is going to have to win without me, because I'm so completely over this now.
"I'm going home to take a nap."


text:
All posts tagged "Spotlight"
Home / Posts tagged "Spotlight"
By David Holland on January 8, 2020
A Brilliant Future for Joe Coss & Liquid Phase with Remastered "Bright Colors" Single Release The Song Chronicles the Journey of Singer Joe Coss and...
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The ever impressive local born and bred Arlington resident Jennifer Truesdale and her fantastic band – consisting of well traveled professionals Joe Musella (guitar), Tom...
By David Holland on December 30, 2019
(Dec, 2019) — On Monday December 30th, Reggaeton stars Sammi Rae & Los Vegas will be releasing their latest single and video for the track...
By Eric Jarvis on December 20, 2019
A slinky string caresses a gentle melody as we sink into Jupiter in Velvet's slow-churning indie rock ballad "If Not Peace… (Then it's War)," and...
Jeremy Rice – Legendary Fist of Takinawa
By Eric Jarvis on December 2, 2019
The album cover alone reflects Jeremy Rice's unique musical and artistic sensibilities. His latest release bears a cover resembling a promotional poster for a 1970's...
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By David Holland on November 27, 2019
The indie music scene is pretty much bare as you would imagine in a city such as Miami. So when I happened to find out...
The Unbroken – Human Crown
By Eric Jarvis on November 27, 2019
Like the beating of a war drum, "Suffering in Silence" comes barreling out of the speakers at maximum volume in The Unbroken's new record Human Crown and...
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An angsty strut of guitar twang wanders into focus in "Painted Lady" with a bit more of an oomph than it does in "Keep Your...
David Gelman – Last Surviving Son
All instruments have a unique way of speaking to us, but there are few in the American folk lexicon that are as evocative and thoroughly...


text:
India All India 26 Dec 2016 Prakash Javadekar's tours delaying education policy
India, All India
Prakash Javadekar's tours delaying education policy
THE ASIAN AGE. | NITIN MAHAJAN
Published : Dec 26, 2016, 2:38 am IST
Updated : Dec 26, 2016, 3:59 am IST
The proposed committee for preparing the draft NEP will prepare the final draft soon.
Union HRD Minister Prakash Javadekar (Photo: PTI)
New Delhi: With Union human resource development minister Prakash Javdekar virtually on tour since he took office, the crucial task of finalising the national education policy has been hit.
Mr Javdekar attended events outside the national capital — for at least 40 days out of his first three months in office — the minister's travel details accessed by this newspaper reveal. While the minister was sworn into office on July 5, his first trip outside the city entailed a visit to Kochi on July 9 itself for interactive session with students of Kendriya Vidyalaya.
The maximum number of visits by the minister were to his home state of Maharashtra, which he visited six times during this span of his first three months in office.
Other states which also got the minister's major share of attention were Karnataka (five), Kerala (four), Uttar Pradesh (four) and Telangana (three). Interestingly, the educationally, socially and economically backward states of the Northeast were only able to get four such visits by the HRD minister during this period.
Extremism-affected states of Jammu and Kashmir and Chhattisgar got one such visit on August 6 for inauguration of IIT Jammu and one visit on August 7 for inauguration of IIT Bhilai and interaction with tribal students respectively. It is understood that the minister's travel schedule for the subsequent months has also been as tightly packed as his first three months.
Sources in the HRD ministry claimed that most of these visits were to attend various events related to the education sector. They further added that though the announcement of a committee headed by an eminent educationist, which would to draft the National Education Policy (NEP), has been delayed it can be expected shortly.
The proposed committee for preparing the draft NEP will prepare the final draft soon. But its implementation could take up to an entire year, sources stated.
The Subramanian committee report is now only being utilised as an "input in the wider scheme of things in the education reforms", sources added. The indication being that the report prepared by TSR Subramanian panel — convened during the tenure of former HRD Minister Smriti Irani — has effectively been put in cold storage.
Tags: hrd ministry, national education policy, prakash javdekar
Location: India, Delhi, New Delhi
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text:
Law of Nations Definition:
The body of rules that nations in the international community universally abide by, or accede to, out of a sense of legal obligation and mutual concern.
Related Terms: Customary International Law, International Law, State, Comity, Opinio Juris
In Vietnam Victims of Agent Orange, Justice Miner wrote:
"In the broader context, the law of nations has become synonymous with the term customary international law, which describes the body of rules that nations in the international community universally abide by, or accede to, out of a sense of legal obligation and mutual concern.
"In ascertaining whether a rule constitutes a norm of customary international law, courts have traditionally consulted the works of jurists, writing professedly on public law; or by the general usage and practice of nations; or by judicial decisions recognizing and enforcing that law.
"Sources of international law generally include international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognized by the contesting states; international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law; the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations; (and) judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary means for the determination of the rules of law....
"While not exhaustive, the list of principles that may be said to have ripened into universally accepted norms of international law, includes the proscriptions against piracy, slave trade, attacks on or hijacking of aircraft, genocide, and war crimes.
"With respect to other types of violations, because customary international law is created by the general customs and practices of nations and therefore does not stem from any single, definitive, readily-identifiable source, we have advised district courts to exercise extraordinary care and restraint in deciding whether an offense will violate a customary norm."
Duhaime, Lloyd, International Law
Duhaime, Lloyd, Duhaime's Legal Dictionary
Duhaime, Lloyd, Duhaime's Legal Citations & Abbreviations
Vietnam, Victims of Agent Orange v. Dow Chemical, 517 F. 3d 104 (US Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit, 2008)
Duhaime's International Law Dictionary
Barrister James Crispi After 1973 IRA Bombing of Old Bailey


In a democratic society, there is an inevitable tension between the need of the government to protect secrets in the name of national security, and the right of the press to print all but the most dangerous of those secrets, particularly when the claim of "secrecy" is used to cover up politically damaging government decisions. Top Secret: The Battle for the Pentagon Papers is an inside look at the Washington Post's decision to publish the top-secret study documenting the United States' involvement in Vietnam. The subsequent trial tested the parameters of the First Amendment, pitting the public's right to know against the government's claim of secrecy. The epic legal battle between the government and the press went to the nation's highest court and is arguably the most important Supreme Court case ever on freedom of the press.
In this riveting historical docudrama by Geoffrey Cowan and Leroy Aarons, Top Secret: The Battle for the Pentagon Papers, L.A. Theatre Works brings these important days and the subsequent trial to life as the Washington Post struggles with the decision to publish these "classified" documents. The play, based on a wide range of sources, including interviews and documents obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, follows the debate played out at the home of Ben Bradlee, (the paper's famous editor) as his staff sorts through the documents and tries to decide if publishing the Papers violates national security. The play includes their momentous decision and the legal wrangling that followed — leading up to the historic decision that reaffirmed the First Amendment. Our government's relationship to the media, the citizenry's right to information, and the First Amendment are all critically explored against the canvas of the Vietnam War and the secretive Nixon White House.
If you want to learn more about the Play and the Pentagon Papers, go to TopSecretPlay.org.


text:
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		<property name="longName" value="RDF4J Server"/>
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Lofer is a cosy little village with narrow streets that lead to the town square. In the centre of Lofer you will find shops, restaurants and bars. There is also a ice rink (depending on the weather).
Looking for some après-ski? There are several options, like the Hasenstall, Kuhbar, Karussel and the Bobo's that is open until the early hours of the morning.
In Bad Reichenhall, at about 25 km, you will find the Rupertus Therme where you can spend a day swimming with the whole family. You can also you the special springs and the wellness.


text:
Q: remove html component created dynamically when keyup event triggered  <input type="text" class="form-control" id="search" placeholder="search buddy" name="search" >

this is a search bar all I want to do is that  whenever user types any character in the search a block must appear,  and as soon a the user removes all the character from the text box the block must disappear..so How can I implement this in jquery
$(document).ready(function(){
    $('input[id="search"]').one('keyup',function(){
        var text=$(this).val();
        if(text!="")
        {
            $(this).after('
hello
');
        }

    });

});

A: I think this is what you want. To remove an element you just select an element and call .remove(). This snippet also makes it so that there is only one #search_result at once.

$(document).ready(function(){
    $('input[id="search"]').on('input',function(){
        var text=$(this).val();
        $('#search_results').remove()
        if(text!="") {
          $(this).after('
hello
');
        }

    });

});

<input type="text" class="form-control" id="search" placeholder="search buddy" name="search" >

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Herbert, George
< 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
←Herbert
1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 13
Herbert, George
Herbert, Henry William→
See also George Herbert on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
21831311911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 13 — Herbert, George
HERBERT, GEORGE (1593–1633), English poet, was born at Montgomery Castle on the 3rd of April 1593. He was the fifth son of Sir Richard Herbert and a brother of Lord Herbert of Cherbury. His mother, Lady Magdalen Herbert, a woman of great good sense and sweetness of character, and a friend of John Donne, exercised great influence over her son. Educated privately until 1605, he was then sent to Westminster School, and in 1609 he became a scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was made B.A. in 1613, M.A. and major fellow of the college in 1616. In 1618 he became Reader in Rhetoric, and in 1619 orator for the university. In this capacity he was several times brought into contact with King James. From Cambridge he wrote some Latin satiric verses[1] in defence of the universities and the English Church against Andrew Melville, a Scottish Presbyterian minister. He numbered among his friends Dr Donne, Sir Henry Wotton, Izaak Walton, Bishop Andrewes and Francis Bacon, who dedicated to him his translation of the Psalms. Walton tells us that "the love of a court conversation, mixed with a laudable ambition to be something more than he was, drew him often from Cambridge to attend the king wheresoever the court was," and James I. gave him in 1623 the sinecure lay rectory of Whitford, Flintshire, worth £120 a year. The death of his patrons, the duke of Richmond and the marquess of Hamilton, and of King James put an end to his hopes of political preferment; moreover he probably distrusted the conduct of affairs under the new reign. Largely influenced by his mother, he decided to take holy orders, and in July 1626 he was appointed prebendary of Layton Ecclesia (Leighton Bromswold), Huntingdon. Here he was within two miles of Little Gidding, and came under the influence of Nicholas Ferrar. It was at Ferrar's suggestion that he undertook to rebuild the church at Layton, an undertaking carried through by his own gifts and the generosity of his friends. There is little doubt that the close friendship with Ferrar had a large share in Herbert's adoption of the religious life. In 1630 Charles I., at the instance of the earl of Pembroke, whose kinsman Herbert was, presented him to the living of Fugglestone with Bemerton, near Salisbury, and he was ordained priest in September. A year before, after three days' acquaintance, he had married Jane Danvers, whose father had been set on the marriage for a long time. He had often spoken of his daughter Jane to Herbert, and "so much commended Mr Herbert to her, that Jane became so much a Platonic as to fall in love with Mr Herbert unseen." The story of the poet's life at Bemerton, as told by Walton, is one of the most exquisite pictures in literary biography. He devoted much time to explaining the meaning of the various parts of the Prayer-Book, and held services twice every day, at which many of the parishioners attended, and some "let their plough rest when Mr Herbert's saints-bell rung to prayers, that they might also offer their devotions to God with him." Next to Christianity itself he loved the English Church. He was passionately fond of music, and his own hymns were written to the accompaniment of his lute or viol. He usually walked twice a week to attend the cathedral at Salisbury, and before returning home, would "sing and play his part" at a meeting of music lovers. Walton illustrates Herbert's kindness to the poor by many touching anecdotes, but he had not been three years in Bemerton when he succumbed to consumption. He was buried beneath the altar of his church on the 3rd of March 1633.
None of Herbert's English poems was published during his lifetime. On his death-bed he gave to Nicholas Ferrar a manuscript with the title The Temple: Sacred Poems and Private Ejaculations. This was published at Cambridge, apparently for private circulation, almost immediately after Herbert's death, and a second imprint followed in the same year. On the title-page of both is the quotation "In his Temple doth every man speak of his honour." The Temple is a collection of religious poems connected by unity of sentiment and inspiration. Herbert tried to interpret his own devout meditations by applying images of all kinds to the ritual and beliefs of the Church. Nothing in his own church at Bemerton was too commonplace to serve as a starting-point for the epigrammatic expression of his piety. The church key reminds him that "it is my sin that locks his handes," and the stones of the floor are patience and humility, while the cement that binds them together is love and charity. The chief faults of the book are obscurity, verbal conceits and a forced ingenuity which shows itself in grotesque puns, odd metres and occasional want of taste. But the quaint beauty of Herbert's style and its musical quality give The Temple a high place. "The Church Porch," "The Agony," "Sin," "Sunday," "Virtue," "Man," "The British Church," "The Quip," "The Collar," "The Pulley," "The Flower," "Aaron" and "The Elixir" are among the best known of these poems. Herbert and Keble are the poets of Anglican theology. No book is fuller of devotion to the Church of England than The Temple, and no poems in our language exhibit more of the spirit of true Christianity. Every page is marked by transparent sincerity, and reflects the beautiful character of "holy George Herbert."
Nicholas Ferrar's translation (Oxford, 1638) of the Hundred and Ten Considerations ... of Juan de Valdes contained a letter and notes by Herbert. In 1652 appeared Herbert's Remains; or, Sundry Pieces of that Sweet Singer of the Temple, Mr George Herbert. This included A Priest to the Temple; or, The Country Parson, his Character, and Rule of Holy Life, in prose; Jacula prudentum, a collection of proverbs with a separate title-page dated 1651, which had appeared in a shorter form as Outlandish Proverbs in 1640; and some miscellaneous matter. The completest edition of his works is that by Dr A. B. Grosart in 1874, this edition of the Poetical works being reproduced in the "Aldine edition" in 1876. The English Works of George Herbert ... (3 vols., 1905) were edited in much detail by G. H. Palmer. A contemporary account of Herbert's life by Barnabas Oley was prefixed to the Remains of 1652, but the classic authority is Izaak Walton's Life of Mr George Herbert, published in 1670, with some letters from Herbert to his mother. See also A. G. Hyde, George Herbert and his Times (1907), and the "Oxford" edition of his poems by A. Waugh (1908).
↑ Printed in 1662 as an appendix to J. Vivian's Ecclesiastes Solomonis.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Herbert,_George&oldid=6557077"


text:
201 Presidents Circle, ROOM 201 | Salt Lake City, UT | 84112-9008 | Website
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EAE offers a truly unique academic experience. We've brought together a diverse faculty with expertise in every facet of game development, and consulted with top industry professionals to create a one-of-a-kind learning experience in game development. Students studying games in the EAE program are typically interested in careers in interactive entertainment, and our curriculum is built with this goal in mind. Not only do we offer students a world-class education from a leading research university, but we also offer the opportunity to develop and enhance a professional game portfolio through our "studio simulation" projects courses.
Academics Details
The U
Institutional Enrollment
Total Post-Bac Enrollment
44.8% Female
55.2% Male
Institution Overview
Utah System of Higher Education
Rocky Mountains CO ID MT UT WY
City: Midsize
Full Time Graduate Enrolled
Part Time Graduate Enrolled
Total # of Programs
Number of Programs Available (in Category Selected Above)
Doctor's (Research)
Doctor's (Professional)
Certificate Offered
Post-master's
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
Non-resident Alien
Admissions Office Web Address
admissions.utah.edu/
Average In-State Tuition
Average Out-Of-State Tuition
Game Arts Track:
Students in this track will focus on the tools and techniques required to understand and use the components of design, drawing, 2D and 3D asset creation, animation, and storyboarding for games, as well as portfolio development in preparation for entering the interactive entertainment industry. Typically, students who are admitted into this track will have a strong background in digital or fine art.
Game Engineering Track:
Students in this track focus on the technical aspects of video game development including game engines, graphics, artificial intelligence, and novel input devices. Typically, students who are admitted into this track will have an undergraduate degree in computer science or similar, and some game development.
Game Production Track:
Students can focus on a variety of areas in this track (project management, design, business development/marketing or any combination thereof), but the typical producer is focused on facilitating game creation. Successful applicants to the Production Track can come from a wide variety of backgrounds, but usually have some experience in game development.
Technical Art Track:
Students in the Technical Art track focus on 3D modeling, rigging, and motion capture, as well as extend their proficiency in various types of game programming. Successful applicants to this track typically have a significant experience with programming or with 3D modeling.
The MEAE program is designed as a cohort model where students remain together throughout the entire two years of the program (fall and spring semesters only). Students apply to one of four possible tracks (Game Arts, Game Engineering, Game Production, or Technical Art) and will take a series of courses focused on their specialty. In addition, they will also take a series of classes with students from other tracks including game design, rapid prototyping, pre-production, and final projects. Each track also has a concentrated set of electives to choose from.
Our EAE faculty come from a diverse interdisciplinary backgrounds. We have faculty members with expertise in multiple academic fields in addition to extensive experience in the video game industry.
Academics: Programs - Overview
Continuing Professional
Recreational or avocational
Doctor's degree - research/scholarship and professional practice
Distance Learning Options
Grad programs or courses
Degree Programs Offered (in Category Selected Above)
Accounting Master's Degree Yes No
Instructional Staff
Total 3,879 1,712 1,599 568
With faculty status 3,034 1,712 885 437
Tenured 1,104 837 172 95
On tenure track 441 304 81 56
Not on tenure track 1,489 571 632 286
Annual contract 1,385 470 629 286
Less-than annual contract 104 101 3 0
Without faculty status 845 0 714 131
Graduate Assistantship
Management Occupations
State-Approved Teacher Certification?
Medical Degree Offered?
Institution Has a Hospital?
Utah Resident Tuition per semester: $10, 089.88
Non Utah Resident Tuition per semester: $18,928.78
The Entertainment Arts & Engineering Program established a new Student Assistantship Program in 2017 for applicants to the Masters of Entertainment Arts and Engineering program. Assistantships will be guaranteed for the duration of the degree program (four semesters) to our top program applicants each year. Students selected for one of these positions will receive a partial tuition waiver through the University of Utah's Graduate School Tuition Benefit Program, as well as a stipend paid out through paychecks on a bi-monthly basis.
Financial aid office web address
financialaid.utah.edu/
Tuition fee varies by residency status
Typical Room
Typical Board
Full time Average Tuition $6,230 $21,991
Full time Fees $992 $992
Part time, per credit hour $235 $829
Tuition & Fees By Program
In-state Fees
Out-of-State Fees
Dentistry $36,094 $7,939 $67,675 $7,939
Law $23,206 $1,060 $45,085 $1,060
Medicine $35,021 $1,073 $66,301 $1,073
Pharmacy $22,249 $992 $38,010 $992
Tuition Plan Options
Alternative Tuition Plans Offered
Tuition Guaranteed Plan
Other Alternative Tuition Plan
Post-Bac Race / Ethnicity
American Indian Or Alaska Native 4 14
Asian 160 160
Black Or African American 44 186
Hispanic Or Latino 186 241
Native Hawaiian OrOther Pacific Islander 8 17
Non-resident Alien 819 467
White 3,047 2,427
Two Or More Races 77 82
Unknown 361 231
Academic Career Counseling Service Yes
Employment Services For Students Yes
Placement Services For Completers Yes
Advanced Awards/ Degrees Conferred Statistics
The University of Utah is set on the eastern edge of Salt Lake City. Campus is just minutes away from a vibrant downtown – the epicenter of SLC's restaurants, theaters, pubs, and civic events – and burgeoning neighborhoods, like the coffee-and movie-art-house hub, 9th and 9th district.
Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah, is home to about 190,000 residents, and covers 84,900 square miles, making it the 11th largest state in the U.S. There are 21 national parks and monuments in the state, including Zion National Park, Dinosaur National Monument, Arches National Park and the Golden Spike National Historic Site. Salt Lake is about a 6 hour drive from Las Vegas; 5 hours from Yellowstone National Park; and 6 hours from the Grand Canyon.
The city is home to a large international airport (the westernomost hub of Delta Airlines), and is easily accessed by multiple freeways. The University of Utah sits at the base of the Wasatch Mountain range, which – together with the rest of the Utah mountains – are on average the tallest in the United States, enjoying an average snowfall of 500 inches per year.
EAE is centrally located on the beautiful University of Utah campus in a newly redesigned space. We are constantly improving our students learning spaces by providing access to a motion capture lab, classrooms equipped with Cintiq tablets at each work station, a 3D scan lab and more. The University of Utah campus has many additional resources to offer through student groups and clubs, recreation, community engagement and housing.
Students enrolled in the Master of Entertainment Arts and Engineering degree program (MEAE) are typically interested in careers in interactive entertainment, and our curriculum is built with this goal in mind. Not only do we offer students a world-class education from a leading research university, but we also offer the opportunity to develop and enhance a professional game portfolio through our "studio simulation" projects courses.
Library Facilities at Institution
On-Campus Housing Available?
Remedial services Yes
On-campus day care for student's children Yes
201 Presidents Circle, ROOM 201
National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Provisional Release as of October, 2016.
Surveys: Institutional Characteristics (2015), Data File: [HD2015], [IC2015], [IC2015_AY]; Surveys: Completions (2015), Data File: [C2015_A],[C2015DEP]; Surveys: 12-Month Enrollment (2015), Data File: [EFFY2015]; Surveys: Employees by Assigned Position (2014), Data File: [EAP2014]
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