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Böhmer opts for XXL laser welding | TRUMPF
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© Günther Bayerl
Mira Burgbacher
Böhmer opts for XXL laser welding
F rom MIG and MAG to TIG, Böhmer Systemtechnik specializes in all the most common welding techniques. The only string missing from its bow was laser welding – at least until the TruLaser Weld 5000 came along.
Welding engineer Josef Böhmer spent years running his metal fabrication business without a laser welding machine – yet he always had an eye open for parts that might benefit from laser technology. His interest stemmed from a firm belief that laser welding is here to stay. So when he heard that TRUMPF was looking for a test customer for the large format version of their TruLaser Weld 5000, Böhmer knew it was time to make a move. By September 2018, the large format laser welding cell was up and running at Böhmer Systemtechnik GmbH in the southern German municipality of Langenenslingen. "The initial goal was to tap into our experience to make the machine even better," says Böhmer. "But now the TruLaser Weld 5000 has become an integral part of our business, not least because we understand the importance of giving our customers access to the best new technologies. Though I must admit that sometimes means educating and not just innovating!" he adds with a smile.
The managing director of Böhmer Systemtechnik GmbH, Josef Böhmer, clearly has a passion for welding. His company offers expertise in all the standard welding techniques – and the addition of laser welding has made the package complete.
Since it was founded in 1949, the family-run company Böhmer Systemtechnik GmbH has served not only machine makers and system integrators, but also companies in the scaffolding, formwork and steel construction sectors. Processing long and oversized parts has therefore become second nature to the company's workforce. Böhmer uses a range of welding techniques – but laser welding had not originally been one of them. "Not many companies have the right experience, expertise and machinery to weld large parts with a laser, so I figured this was an opportunity we could grab with both hands," says Böhmer. By opting to move into laser welding with a large format machine, Böhmer has killed two birds with one stone, expanding its portfolio and adding the missing piece to its welding capabilities at one and the same time.
Josef Böhmer thinks the laser offers great potential for welding oversized parts.
Intrepid pioneer in laser welding
Josef Böhmer's experience with other welding techniques gives him a clear knowledge edge: "If you can identify which parts are suitable for laser welding, you already have an advantage. We see laser welding as an important and logical addition to our other services, but it also offers lots of exciting new opportunities if you know how to tap into them." Böhmer primarily uses laser welding for long seams: "For oversized parts, other welding methods require very high heat input to make the seams strong enough. That heat warps the metal. But to meet the fine tolerances specified for today's parts, especially in formwork construction, we then face the hassle of having to straighten them, which isn't easy when they're so large!" Even more time is wasted grinding down the seams – and the bigger and thicker the part, the greater the time spent on post-processing. That's why the laser is such a good choice, offering a deep penetration welding process that minimizes distortion by minimizing heat input. The resulting seams are very strong and perfectly suited to Böhmer's purposes. No rework is required, so the company enjoys the twofold benefit of getting better quality faster.
Not many companies have the right experience, expertise and machinery to weld large parts with a laser, so I figured this was an opportunity we could grab with both hands.
Josef Böhmer, Geschäftsführer Böhmer Systemtechnik
Böhmer also makes thin-sheet parts for caravan manufacturers – and here it's the appearance that counts. "The materials we use in this case are between 1 and 2 millimeters thick," says Böhmer. "Spatter becomes a real problem when you weld those manually – and that's a definite no-no for visible parts!" In contrast, heat conduction welding with a laser produces seams that are barely visible. "Absolutely no post-processing required," says Böhmer. "And it still looks like it's all been cast as a single piece!"
Showing the way
To really exploit the benefits of laser welding, users need to rethink parts design from scratch. One of Josef Böhmer's tasks nowadays is teaching people how to make that leap: "We work closely with our customers right from the design stage. It's our job to explain how much potential laser welding offers and to show them what works." Laser welding opens up a host of possibilities for designing new parts from the ground up. For example, welding very thin sheets to thick sheets suddenly becomes much easier, says Böhmer, explaining why he feels so optimistic: "We met the same initial resistance when we started offering 2D laser cutting. But customers are always impressed with the quality of our laser-welded parts, so it's not hard to convince them and get them on board."
The TruLaser Weld 5000 large format machine at Böhmer Systemtechnik is equipped with a KUKA robot on a linear axis and a turnover positioner, allowing it to cover a working area 4 meters long and 1.5 meters wide. The rotate-and-tilt positioner gives users the flexibility to weld the occasional small part between a series of larger ones.
A versatile system
Josef Böhmer also praises the sheer flexibility of the laser welding system: "We work with a KUKA robot on a linear axis, plus a turnover positioner, so we can cover a large working area 4 meters long and 1.5 meters wide. To take the strain off operators, we installed a crane in the machine that makes it much easier to lift heavy parts into and out of the machine. To save space, all the peripherals and system technology are positioned on a dedicated enclosure above the machine."
Occasionally a small part may need to be welded between a series of larger ones, and that's where the flexibility of the TruLaser Weld 5000's rotate-and-tilt positioner comes into play. "It allows us to weld small parts without all the hassle of having to remove a fixture for larger parts on the turnover positioner." What's more, the rotate-and-tilt positioner makes it possible to weld hard-to-access parts in just one clamping set-up thanks to its NC rotary axis integrated into the robot control system.
Deep penetration welding with a laser involves far less heat input than conventional welding methods – and that means less distortion. Josef Böhmer (right): "Parts nowadays have to be made to such fine tolerances, especially in formwork construction. So we save a lot of time by not having to straighten them after welding!
The beauty of home-made fixtures
Making fixtures is a key part of laser welding, says Josef Böhmer: "We were already familiar with the basics of fixture construction from our automated MAG welding line. I think it's really beneficial to make fixtures in-house because the quality of the results is down to you." Design engineers work closely with jig and fixture makers at Böhmer, coordinating their work and running tests to get each fixture exactly right.
Fixture construction has got a whole lot easier thanks to machine functions that boost the laser's flexibility. One example is the rotary module for supplying shielding gas. The shielding gas nozzle rotates smoothly around the optics so that the robot doesn't have to constantly realign itself. That makes the whole clamping and programming side of things easier and makes parts more accessible.
To save space, all the TruLaser Weld 5000's peripherals and system technology are positioned on a dedicated enclosure above the machine.
The joy of automation
Böhmer Systemtechnik GmbH currently makes batches of between 25 and 50 parts on the TruLaser Weld 5000, but they're taking steps to win orders for bigger batches. And publicizing the machine's merits also pays off: "Customers often inquire about laser welding for new parts. They are happy to rely on our broad expertise in welding, and rightly so!" But it's not just the ample know-how of Böhmer's experts that customers benefit from. Automated machines such as the TruLaser Weld 5000 improve process planning, ultimately leading to shorter delivery times and higher customer satisfaction. Josef Böhmer is delighted with how things have turned out: "This machine has expanded our portfolio and given us firmer foundations for a successful future. There's no doubt in my mind that it was a worthwhile investment."
板材 Laser Welding
Mira Burgbacher TRUMPF Media Relations
Producing instead of programming
Factory cleaning 4.0
Laser welding systems from TRUMPF


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Trust Exercise
by Susan Choi
"Electrifying" (People) - "Masterly" (The Guardian) - "Dramatic and memorable" (The New Yorker) - "Magic" (TIME) - Ingenious" (The Financial Times) - "A gonzo literary performance" (Entertainment Weekly) - "Rare and splendid" (The Boston Globe) - "Remarkable" (USA Today) - "Delicious" (The New York Times) - "Book groups, meet your next selection" (NPR)
In an American suburb in the early 1980s, students at a highly competitive performing arts high school struggle and thrive in a rarified bubble, ambitiously pursuing music, movement, Shakespeare, and, particularly, their acting classes. When within this striving "Brotherhood of the Arts," two freshmen, David and Sarah, fall headlong into love, their passion does not go unnoticed--or untoyed with--by anyone, especially not by their charismatic acting teacher, Mr. Kingsley.
The outside world of family life and economic status, of academic pressure and of their future adult lives, fails to penetrate this school's walls--until it does, in a shocking spiral of events that catapults the action forward in time and flips the premise upside-down. What the reader believes to have happened to David and Sarah and their friends is not entirely true--though it's not false, either. It takes until the book's stunning coda for the final piece of the puzzle to fall into place--revealing truths that will resonate long after the final sentence.
As captivating and tender as it is surprising, Susan Choi's Trust Exercise will incite heated conversations about fiction and truth, and about friendships and loyalties, and will leave readers with wiser understandings of the true capacities of adolescents and of the powers and responsibilities of adults.
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BookPage Review
Publisher: Henry Holt & Company
Publish Date: April 2019
Books > Fiction > Literary
Books > Fiction > Coming of Age
BookPage Reviews
Susan Choi's Trust Exercise is not exactly what it seems. Though the story explores the ways adolescent experience reverberates through adulthood, it also brilliantly topples all expectations of narrative fiction.
The novel opens in the mid-1980s at an elite high school for the performing arts, where students compete for roles in a rarefied bubble of camaraderie and pressure. Two rising sophomores, David and Sarah, have an intense sexual relationship over one summer, which ends shortly after school begins. Their bitter breakup and estrangement become the talk of their classmates, and even their charismatic acting teacher, Mr. Kingsley, seems obsessed as he invites Sarah to confide in him and continues to pair the two teens in classroom exercises. When a British director brings his troupe of young actors to the high school for an ill-fated production of Candide, Sarah is drawn into a hapless relationship with the production's star while her bland classmate Karen pines for the group's louche director.
Just when this hothouse atmosphere gets a bit too stifling, there is a shocking spiral of events that ricochets the action into the future and completely transforms the premise of the novel. What readers may have believed to be true about David, Sarah and Karen may not be true, but it may not be completely false either. It is not until the final pages of the novel's short coda that another layer of events is uncovered and the complete picture falls into place. Or does it?
Trust Exercise questions the very nature of fiction, and in a novel that depicts the fluctuating power dynamics between parents and students, students and teachers, and men and women, it suggests that the one who has the most power is the one who remains to tell the final version of the story.
We trust novels to tell us a story exactly the way it happened, but fiction, Choi suggests, has its own rules.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Asha Celebrates Academic Excellence of its University Students
Education, Events
March 29, 2015 marked to be an incredible evening as hundreds of people gathered to felicitate Asha students who have excelled in academics with flying colours. Asha's Celebration of Learning 2015, inspired students to continue performing well and outshine in life. Guests of Honour Mr Satish Mehta, Director General, Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) and HE Jess Dutton, Acting Canadian High Commissioner graced the occasion with their presence.
The event was also a platform for the release of music albums of Dr Kiran, Founder and Director of Asha and Shri Vinod Kumar, eminent Ghazal singer and Dr Kiran's music teacher, which was followed by a Music Concert by the artistes.
(L-R) Mr Phil Leighton, Coordinator, Friends of Asha (GB); Ms Jolly Rohtagi, Asha Board Member; Mr Jess Dutton, Acting Canadian High Commissioner; Mr Anoop Bhatnagar, Asha Board Member; Mr Vinod Kumar; Mr Satish Mehta, Director General, ICCR; Mr Y.K. Gaiha, Senior Retd. IRS Officer; Mr D.S. Saxena, Chief Income Tax Commissioner; and Dr Kiran.
The event began with a welcome note by Dr Kiran. She addressed the audience by sharing Asha's journey so far and laid emphasis on how the students at Asha have been standing out in their respective fields.
Dr Kiran addressing the audience at the event
Asha students, Huma Khan and Sunil Kumar shared their life's story. Huma, presently working with an esteemed MNC in Gurgaon spoke about the transformation in her life ever since she joined Asha; while Sunil, an undergraduate student from one of the best colleges of Delhi University shared his involvement with the Internship and Mentorship Programmes.
Huma Khan, sharing her story of transformation, during the event
Sunil Kumar, sharing his story of transformation, during the event
Asha Engineer, Mahinder Shrivas and his mother, Smt. Rani ji then shared their life's story with the audiences. Mahinder spoke about his journey with Asha and how he was able to seek a job in a leading company in Kolkata. His mother talked about the changes and renewed hope that Mahinder's job has brought into the family, "I am very proud of my son today, and the entire credit goes to the Asha team for supporting us throughout."
Mahinder with his mother, Smt Rani while addressing the audience
The stories of transformation by Asha students were followed by an Award Ceremony to honour University students for their educational excellence during 2013-14. The students received awards for securing first division in their undergraduate programmes, distinction in individual subjects, and academic excellence in Master's programme. The Best Male and Female Engineers from Asha Communities, and Asha Student Ambassadors were also amongst the awardees.
The highlight of the evening was when Chandan, an Asha student from Jeevan Nagar slum colony, pursuing B.Sc. in Mathematics from one of the most prestigious colleges of Delhi University, was awarded as the Asha University Topper 2013-14. Chandan secured and aggregate of 98% and has topped his class at University. The auditorium echoed with applause as Chandan walked onto the stage and the entire audience rose to give him a standing ovation for this incredible performance.
Dr Kiran and the Guests of Honour presenting the award to Asha University Topper, Chandan
Asha Student Ambassadors being felicitated for their amazing contributions towards promoting Asha's Higher Education programme in the slums of Delhi
Later, Shri Satish Mehta released Dr Kiran's Music Album 'Tender Encounters- a collection of love songs by Dr Kiran' and Shri Vinod Kumar's Album 'Aagaaz- a collection of Ghazals by Vinod Kumar'.
Dr Kiran and Shri Vinod with the Guests of Honour at the Music Album release
The event concluded on a musical note with concert of timeless classics and ghazals by Dr Kiran and Shri Vinod Kumar. They performed a selection of songs from their albums, which the audiences enjoyed thoroughly.
Dr Kiran and Shri Vinod with the musicians during the Music Concert
With Asha's dedicated efforts and the students' hard-work, we are sure to have many more musical soirees and stories in the times to come.


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The kagebushin-beta distribution: an alternative for gamma, Weibull and exponentiated exponential distributions
Lucas David Ribeiro-Reis ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-094X1
A new lifetime distribution has been defined. This distribution is obtained from a transformation of a random variable with beta distribution and is called here the kagebushin-beta distribution. Some mathematical properties such as mode, quantile function, ordinary and incomplete moments, mean deviations over the mean and median and the entropies of Rényi and Shannon are demonstrated. The maximum likelihood method is used to obtain parameter estimates. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to verify the accuracy of the maximum likelihood estimators. Applications to real data showed that the kagebushin-beta model can be better than the Weibull, gamma and exponentiated exponential distributions.
A random variable Y having beta distribution has cumulative distribution function (cdf) and probability density function (pdf) given by
$$\begin{aligned} H(y;a,b)=\frac{1}{B(a,b)}\int _0^y z^{a-1}(1-z)^{b-1}\textrm{d}z, \quad y\in (0,1) \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} h(y;a,b)=\frac{1}{B(a,b)}y^{a-1}(1-y)^{b-1}, \quad y\in (0,1), \end{aligned}$$
respectively, where \(a>0\) and \(b>0\) are shape parameters and \(B(a,b)=\int _0^1 z^{a-1}(1-z)^{b-1}\textrm{d}z\) denotes the beta function.
Taking the transformation \(X=-\log Y\), the cdf and pdf of X are given by
$$\begin{aligned} F(x;a,b)=1-\frac{1}{B(a,b)}\int _0^{\textrm{e}^{-x}} z^{a-1}(1-z)^{b-1}\textrm{d}z, \quad x\in (0,\infty ) \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} f(x;a,b)=\frac{1}{B(a,b)}\textrm{e}^{-ax}(1-\textrm{e}^{-x})^{b-1}, \quad x\in (0,\infty ), \end{aligned}$$
respectively. Here, we refer to a as a scale parameter and b as a shape parameter. The random variable X with pdf (2) is said to have kagebushin-beta (KB) distribution and is denoted as \(X\sim \text {KB}(a,b)\).
The beta function admits the following relation
$$\begin{aligned} B(a,b)=\frac{\Gamma (a)\Gamma (b)}{\Gamma (a+b)}\quad \text {and}\quad a\Gamma (a)=\Gamma (a+1), \end{aligned}$$
where \(\Gamma (p)=\int _0^\infty z^{p-1}\textrm{e}^{-z}\textrm{d}z\) denotes the gamma function. Under these results, for \(b=1\), the Equation (2) becomes
$$\begin{aligned} f(x;a,1)=a\textrm{e}^{-ax}, \quad x\in (0,\infty ), \end{aligned}$$
that corresponds to the pdf of the exponential distribution. Thus, the KB distribution has the exponential distribution as special case.
Figure 1 displays plots of the density function of X, for some values of the parameters.
Some pdfs of the KB distribution
This paper is organized as follows. In Sect. Properties, mathematical properties and entropy measures are described. In Sect. Estimation, the maximum likelihood method and Monte Carlo simulations are presented. In Sect. Applications, applications to real data are considered. Section Conclusions concludes the paper.
The first derivative of the log-density (2) is
$$\begin{aligned} \eta (x)=\frac{\textrm{d}}{\textrm{d}x}\log f(x;a,b)=-a+\frac{(b-1)\textrm{e}^{-x}}{1-\textrm{e}^{-x}}. \end{aligned}$$
The mode is obtained by solution of \(\eta (x)=0\). So, the mode of X is
$$\begin{aligned} \text {mode}(X)={\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} 0,&{} b\le 1, \\ -\log \left( \frac{a}{a+b-1}\right) ,&{} \text {otherwise}. \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$
By inverting \(F(x;a,b)=u\), the quantile function of X is
$$\begin{aligned} F^{-1}(u;a,b)=-\log Q_1(1-u;a,b), \quad u\in (0,1), \end{aligned}$$
where \(Q_1(\cdot ;a,b)\) is the inverse function of the Equation (1). Using the quantile function, the random variable
$$\begin{aligned} X=-\log Q_1(1-V;a,b)\quad \text {or}\quad X=-\log Q_1(V;a,b) \end{aligned}$$
has density function (2), where V is a uniform random variable over the interval (0, 1).
The rth moment of X is obtained as
$$\begin{aligned} \mu ^r=\mathbb {E}[X^r]=\frac{1}{B(a,b)}\int _0^\infty x^r\textrm{e}^{-ax}(1-\textrm{e}^{-x})^{b-1}\textrm{d}x. \end{aligned}$$
Consider the following convergent expansion in power series
$$\begin{aligned} (1-\textrm{e}^{-x})^{b-1}=\sum _{k=0}^\infty (-1)^k\left( {\begin{array}{c}b-1\\ k\end{array}}\right) \textrm{e}^{-kx}. \end{aligned}$$
Using the expansion above, the rth moment of X can be written as
$$\begin{aligned} \mu ^r=\frac{1}{B(a,b)}\sum _{k=0}^\infty (-1)^k\left( {\begin{array}{c}b-1\\ k\end{array}}\right) \int _0^\infty x^r\textrm{e}^{-(a+k)x}\textrm{d}x. \end{aligned}$$
Taking \(w=(a+k)x\), we have
$$\begin{aligned} I=&\int _0^\infty x^r\textrm{e}^{-(a+k)x}\textrm{d}x\\ =&\frac{1}{(a+k)^{r+1}}\int _0^\infty w^r\textrm{e}^{-w}dw\\ =&\frac{\Gamma (r+1)}{(a+k)^{r+1}}. \end{aligned}$$
So, the rth moment of X is given by
$$\begin{aligned} \mu ^r=\frac{1}{B(a,b)}\sum _{k=0}^\infty (-1)^k\left( {\begin{array}{c}b-1\\ k\end{array}}\right) \frac{\Gamma (r+1)}{(a+k)^{r+1}}. \end{aligned}$$
For \(s>0\), the rth incomplete moment of X is obtained as
$$\begin{aligned} m_r(s)=&\frac{1}{B(a,b)}\int _0^s x^r\textrm{e}^{-ax}(1-\textrm{e}^{-x})^{b-1}\textrm{d}x\\=&\frac{1}{B(a,b)}\sum _{k=0}^\infty (-1)^k\left( {\begin{array}{c}b-1\\ k\end{array}}\right) \int _0^s x^r\textrm{e}^{-(a+k)x}\textrm{d}x. \end{aligned}$$
Taking \(t=(a+k)x\), we have
$$\begin{aligned} J=&\int _0^s x^r\textrm{e}^{-(a+k)x}\textrm{d}x\\ =&\frac{1}{(a+k)^{r+1}}\int _0^{(a+k)s} t^r\textrm{e}^{-t}dt\\ =&\frac{\gamma (r+1,(a+k)s)}{(a+k)^{r+1}}, \end{aligned}$$
where \(\gamma (p,x)=\int _0^x z^{p-1}\textrm{e}^{-z}\textrm{d}z\) denotes the lower incomplete gamma function.
Then, the rth incomplete moment of X is given by
$$\begin{aligned} m_r(s)=&\frac{1}{B(a,b)}\sum _{k=0}^\infty (-1)^k\left( {\begin{array}{c}b-1\\ k\end{array}}\right) \frac{\gamma (r+1,(a+k)s)}{(a+k)^{r+1}}. \end{aligned}$$
An entropy is a measure of variation or uncertainty of a random variable. Two popular entropy measures are the Rényi and Shannon entropies. For \(\rho >0\) and \(\rho \ne 1\), the Rényi entropy of a random variable having pdf \(f(\cdot )\) with support in (a, b) is given by
$$\begin{aligned} \mathcal {I}_R(\rho )=\frac{1}{1-\rho }\log \left( \int _a^b f(x)^\rho \textrm{d}x\right) . \end{aligned}$$
For KB distribution, the Rényi entropy is
$$\begin{aligned} \mathcal {I}_R(\rho )=\frac{1}{1-\rho }\log \left( \frac{1}{B(a,b)^\rho }\int _0^\infty \textrm{e}^{-a\rho x}(1-\textrm{e}^{-x})^{(b-1)\rho } \textrm{d}x\right) . \end{aligned}$$
Setting \(v=\textrm{e}^{-x}\), we have
$$L = \int_{0}^{\infty } {{\text{e}}^{{ - a\rho x}} } (1 - {\text{e}}^{{ - x}} )^{{(b - 1)\rho }} {\text{d}}x = \int_{0}^{1} {v^{{a\rho - 1}} } (1 - v)^{{(b - 1)\rho }} dv = \;B(a\rho ,(b - 1)\rho + 1).{\text{ }}$$
Thus, the Rényi entropy of X becomes
$$\begin{aligned} \mathcal {I}_R(\rho )=\frac{1}{1-\rho }\log \left( \frac{B(a\rho ,(b-1)\rho +1)}{B(a,b)^\rho }\right) . \end{aligned}$$
The Shannon entropy is given by \(\mathcal {I}_s=\mathbb {E}[-\log f(X)]\). So, for KB distribution, the Shannon entropy is
$$\begin{aligned} \mathcal {I}_{S}=\log B(a,b)+a\mathbb {E}[X]-(b-1)\mathbb {E}[\log (1-\textrm{e}^{-X})]. \end{aligned}$$
From the maximum likelihood method, we can show that \(\mathbb {E}[X]=\psi (a+b)-\psi (a)\) and \(\mathbb {E}[\log (1-\textrm{e}^{-X})]=\psi (b)-\psi (a+b)\), where \(\psi (p)=d\log \Gamma (p)/dp\) is the digamma function.
Thus, the Shannon entropy is of X is
$$\begin{aligned} \mathcal {I}_{S}=\log B(a,b)+a\psi (a+b)-a\psi (a)-(b-1)[\psi (b)-\psi (a+b)]. \end{aligned}$$
Thus, we see that for KB distribution, the Rényi and Shannon entropies can be easily computed.
The mean deviations of X about the mean and about the median are given as
$$\varphi _{1} (\mu ^{1} ) = \int_{0}^{1} | x - \mu ^{1} |f(x;a,b){\text{d}}x = \;2\mu ^{1} F(\mu ^{1} ,a,b) - 2m_{1} (\mu ^{1} ){\text{ }}$$
$$\begin{aligned} \varphi _2(\omega )=\;&\int _0^1|x-\omega |f(x;a,b)\textrm{d}x,\\ =\;&\mu ^1 - 2m_1(\omega ), \end{aligned}$$
respectively, where \(\mu ^1=\mathbb {E}[X]\) and \(\omega =F^{-1}(0.5; a,b)\) and \(m_1(\cdot )\) is defined in (4).
Let the random variables \(X_i,\cdots ,X_n\sim \text {KB}(a,b)\) with observed values \(x_i,\cdots ,x_n\). From Equation (2), the log-likelihood for \((a,b)^\top\) is given by
$$\begin{aligned} \mathcal {L}(a,b)=-n\log B(a,b)-a\sum _{i=1}^nx_i+(b-1)\sum _{i=1}^n\log (1-\textrm{e}^{-x_i}). \end{aligned}$$
The components of the score vector \(U(a,b)=(U_a,U_b)^\top\) of \(\mathcal {L}(a,b)\) are given by
$$\begin{aligned} U_a&=n\psi (a+b)-n\psi (a)-\sum _{i=1}^nx_i,\\ U_b&=n\psi (a+b)-n\psi (b)+\sum _{i=1}^n\log (1-\textrm{e}^{-x_i}). \end{aligned}$$
The maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of a and b, say \({\hat{a}}\) and \({\hat{b}}\), are the simultaneous solutions of \(U_a=U_b=0\), which has no closed forms. Thus, this problem can be solved via iteractive numerical methods, such that Newton--Raphson algorithmic. Statistical packages such as R [1] and Ox [2] can be used for this purpose.
The Fisher expected information matrix is
$$\begin{aligned} \mathcal {K}(a,b)=-\left[ \begin{array}{cc} U_{aa} &{} U_{ab}\\ U_{ba} &{} U_{bb} \end{array}\right] , \end{aligned}$$
in which
$$\begin{aligned} U_{aa}&=n\psi ^\prime (a+b)-n\psi ^\prime (a),\\ U_{ab}&= U_{ba}=n\psi ^\prime (a+b),\\ U_{bb}&= n\psi ^\prime (a+b)-n\psi ^\prime (b), \end{aligned}$$
where \(\psi ^\prime (p)=d^2\log \Gamma (p)/dp^2\) is the trigamma function.
Under general regularity conditions, we have the result
$$\begin{aligned} (({\hat{a}},{\hat{b}})-(a,b))\quad {\mathop {\sim }\limits ^{a}}\quad \mathcal {N}_2(0,\mathcal {K}(a,b)^{-1}), \end{aligned}$$
where \(\mathcal {K}(a,b)^{-1}\) is the inverse matrix of \(\mathcal {K}(a,b)\) and \({\mathop {\sim }\limits ^{a}}\) denotes asymptotic distribution. This multivariate normal approximation for \(({\hat{a}},{\hat{b}})\) can be used for construing approximate confidence intervals for the model parameters. The LR statistics can be used for testing hypotheses on these parameters.
Simulation study
To show the accuracy of MLEs for the two parameters of the KB model, Monte Carlo simulations with 15, 000 replications were performed. Two scenarios are considered and the sample sizes chosen are \(n=\{25, 50, 75,100,200,400\}\). The random numbers are generated using Equation (3). The true parameters are: \(a=1.9\) and \(b=1.5\) in scenario 1 and \(a=4.5\) and \(b=2.5\) in scenario 2. The simulations were carried out using the matrix programming language Ox [2].
Tables 1 and 2 list the average estimates (AEs), biases and mean squared errors (MSEs), for scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. As expected, the MLEs converge to the true parameters and the biases and MSEs decrease when the sample size n increases.
Table 1 Monte Carlo simulation results for scenario 1
In this section, we compare the results of fitting of the KB distribution with three others well-known distributions, for two datasets.
The data are:
(Dataset 1) The data refer to remission times (in months) of 128 bladder cancer patients. These data were also analyzed by [3].
(Dataset 2) The data consist of the waiting time between 64 consecutive eruptions of the Kiama Blowhole [4].
We compare the KB model (2) with the Weibull, gamma and exponentiated exponential [5] distributions. The pdfs of the Weibull (W), gamma (G) and exponentiated exponential (EE) distributions are
$$\begin{aligned} f_{\textsc {w}}(x;\lambda ,\beta )=\beta \lambda ^\beta x^{\beta -1}\,\textrm{e}^{-(\lambda x)^\beta }, \quad x>0, \\ f_{\textsc {g}}(x;\lambda ,\beta )=\frac{\lambda ^\beta }{\Gamma (\beta )} x^{\beta -1}\,\textrm{e}^{-\lambda x}, \quad x>0 \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} f_{\textsc {ee}}(x;\lambda ,\beta )=\beta \lambda \textrm{e}^{-\lambda x}(1-\textrm{e}^{-\lambda x})^{\beta -1}, \quad x>0, \end{aligned}$$
respectively, where \(\lambda >0\) is scale parameter and \(\beta >0\) is shape parameter. Note that for \(\beta =1\), all these pdfs become the density function of the exponential distribution.
The goodness-of-fit measures adopted are: Cramér-von Mises (\(W^*\)), Anderson Darling (\(A^*\)), Akaike information criterion (AIC), consistent Akaike information criterion (CAIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and Hannan-Quinn information criterion (HQIC) for model comparisons. The lower the value of these statistics, more evidence we have for a good fit. The graphical analysis is also important to identify the best fitted model. All the computations were done using the Ox language [2].
Tables 3 and 5 list the MLEs with standard errors in parentheses (SEs) for datasets 1 and 2, respectively. Note that, in both applications, all MLEs of all models are significant, since their standard errors are low, when compared to the respective MLE.
The information criteria for datasets 1 and 2 are presented in Tables 4 and 6 , respectively. In both datasets, all information criteria point to the KB distribution as the best model, followed later by the EE distribution.
Table 3 MLEs and SEs for dataset 1
Table 4 Information criteria for dataset 1
Figures 2 and 3 show the estimated pdfs and cdfs for datasets 1 and 2, respectively, considering the two best fitted models.
Estimated a pdfs and b cdfs for data 1
A new lifetime distribution has been defined. This distribution is obtained from a transformation of a random variable with beta distribution and is called here the kagebushin-beta distribution. Some mathematical properties such as mode, quantile function, ordinary and incomplete moments, mean deviations over the mean and median and the entropies of Rényi and Shannon are demonstrated.
The method used to estimate the parameters was maximum likelihood. Fisher's expected information matrix has closed form. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the maximum likelihood estimators of the new model are valid, being in accordance with the asymptotic theory.
The usefulness of the kagebushin-beta model is shown with applications to real data. The results of these applications showed that the kagebushin-beta model is better than the Weibull, gamma and exponentiated exponential distributions.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for statistical computing, Vienna, Austria (2020). R foundation for statistical computing. https://www.R-project.org/
Doornik, J.A.: Ox: an Object-Oriented Matrix Programming Language. Timberlake Consultants and Oxford, London (2018)
Elbatal, I., Muhammed, H.Z.: Exponentiated generalized inverse Weibull distribution. Appl. Math. Sci. 8(81), 3997–4012 (2014)
da Silva, R.V., de Andrade, T.A.N., Maciel, D.B.M., Campos, R.P.S., Cordeiro, G.M.: A new lifetime model: the gamma extended Fréchet distribution. J. Stat. Theory Appl. 12(1), 39–54 (2013)
Gupta, R.D., Kundu, D.: Exponentiated exponential family: an alternative to gamma and Weibull distributions. Biomet. J. J. Mathemat. Methods Biosci. 43(1), 117–130 (2001)
Department of Statistics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
Lucas David Ribeiro-Reis
The author produced the entire paper
Correspondence to Lucas David Ribeiro-Reis.
Ribeiro-Reis, L.D. The kagebushin-beta distribution: an alternative for gamma, Weibull and exponentiated exponential distributions. J Egypt Math Soc 30, 24 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42787-022-00158-7
Kagebushin-beta distribution
Rényi entropy
Shannon entropy
Mean deviations
Ordinary and incomplete moments
Mathematics Subject Classification


text:
<iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NNW8B8L" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe>
Home Membership Amenities Golf
Contact Us Member Login Philanthropy
Request Information Directions Meet Club Management Employment Opportunities
Meet Club Management
Alessandro (Alex) Fortin
Banquet Events Supervisor
Email: afortin@pinehurstcountryclub.com
Alessandro (Alex) was born in Monselice, Italy near Venice. He studied restaurant arts when he was young and then ventured out to Switzerland and England where he learned English and worked in some of the finest restaurants in Europe. This formal training served as a solid foundation for his knowledge of proper table service, fine wines and fine dining. Ultimately Alex embarked on the Princess Cruise Lines and sailed around the world. While on-board the ship, he met his future wife (Julie) from Colorado, who has been his wife for 32 years. They have daughter named Alessia who is almost 18.
Alex has brought his experience and talent to several country clubs including Pinehurst Country Club from 1992 to 2003. He is passionate about fine foods, wines and outstanding service. He has had the opportunity to develop "Gourmet Dining with Alex" along the way. Alex has now returned to Pinehurst Country Club as a Dining Room Manager and is thrilled to be back!
PINEHURST COUNTRY CLUB
6255 W Quincy Avenue
Denver, Colorado 80235-3010
© 2017 Pinehurst Country Club. All Rights Reserved.


The ASP Tagbilaran Chapter, a pioneering autism support group in the province of Bohol, was formally launched on 30 December 2015 with the induction of its founding officers at Reyna's Haven and Garden in Tagbilaran City.
The first elected officers inducted by Barangay Cogon Chairman Nicanor Besas, are: Darlene Sangueza-Cano, President; Luis Lanzaderas, Vice President; Mildred Patac, Secretary; Cherry May Odal, Treasurer; Angelita Ayco, Auditor; Ana Marie Dajao and Marites Siga, Press Relation Officers; and Teodoro Dano, Jr. and Alex Oclarit, Sergeants-at-Arms.
A short talk on autism awareness, ASP and empowerment of autism parents by ASP Trustee and founding member Ms. Cecil Sicam, highlighted the launching event aptly themed 'Hope for Autism'.
Initiated by therapy centers in the city the Building Bridges Therapy Center led Ms. Muffy Lucas, BrainGate Developmental School led by Ms. MaJo Ann P. Alagcan, Stimulation and Therapeutic Activity Center (STAC) Bohol led by Mr. Gligen F. Nistal, ASP Tagbilaran starts with a small but strong group of 23 autism parents, therapists, and friends of autism.
ASP Tagbilaran Chapter President Darlene Sangueza-Cano says their group has already lined up some activities for 2016. She also hopes more parents and institutions will join their group, especially that autism is still largely misunderstood in Bohol.
ASP Tagbilaran aspires to the a long-standing beacon of hope, not only for better understanding on autism and improved well-being of persons with autism and their families, but also for improved education on and services for developmental disabilities in Bohol.
This article was contributed by Ms. Liza Macalandag.


text:
package vspk

import "github.com/nuagenetworks/go-bambou/bambou"

// AllAlarmIdentity represents the Identity of the object
var AllAlarmIdentity = bambou.Identity{
	Name:     "allalarm",
	Category: "allalarms",
}

// AllAlarmsList represents a list of AllAlarms
type AllAlarmsList []*AllAlarm

// AllAlarmsAncestor is the interface that an ancestor of a AllAlarm must implement.
// An Ancestor is defined as an entity that has AllAlarm as a descendant.
// An Ancestor can get a list of its child AllAlarms, but not necessarily create one.
type AllAlarmsAncestor interface {
	AllAlarms(*bambou.FetchingInfo) (AllAlarmsList, *bambou.Error)
}

// AllAlarmsParent is the interface that a parent of a AllAlarm must implement.
// A Parent is defined as an entity that has AllAlarm as a child.
// A Parent is an Ancestor which can create a AllAlarm.
type AllAlarmsParent interface {
	AllAlarmsAncestor
	CreateAllAlarm(*AllAlarm) *bambou.Error
}

// AllAlarm represents the model of a allalarm
type AllAlarm struct {
	ID                 string `json:"ID,omitempty"`
	ParentID           string `json:"parentID,omitempty"`
	ParentType         string `json:"parentType,omitempty"`
	Owner              string `json:"owner,omitempty"`
	Name               string `json:"name,omitempty"`
	TargetObject       string `json:"targetObject,omitempty"`
	LastUpdatedBy      string `json:"lastUpdatedBy,omitempty"`
	Acknowledged       bool   `json:"acknowledged"`
	Reason             string `json:"reason,omitempty"`
	Description        string `json:"description,omitempty"`
	Severity           string `json:"severity,omitempty"`
	Timestamp          int    `json:"timestamp,omitempty"`
	EnterpriseID       string `json:"enterpriseID,omitempty"`
	EntityScope        string `json:"entityScope,omitempty"`
	ErrorCondition     int    `json:"errorCondition,omitempty"`
	NumberOfOccurances int    `json:"numberOfOccurances,omitempty"`
	ExternalID         string `json:"externalID,omitempty"`
}

// NewAllAlarm returns a new *AllAlarm
func NewAllAlarm() *AllAlarm {

	return &AllAlarm{}
}

// Identity returns the Identity of the object.
func (o *AllAlarm) Identity() bambou.Identity {

	return AllAlarmIdentity
}

// Identifier returns the value of the object's unique identifier.
func (o *AllAlarm) Identifier() string {

	return o.ID
}

// SetIdentifier sets the value of the object's unique identifier.
func (o *AllAlarm) SetIdentifier(ID string) {

	o.ID = ID
}

// Fetch retrieves the AllAlarm from the server
func (o *AllAlarm) Fetch() *bambou.Error {

	return bambou.CurrentSession().FetchEntity(o)
}

// Save saves the AllAlarm into the server
func (o *AllAlarm) Save() *bambou.Error {

	return bambou.CurrentSession().SaveEntity(o)
}

// Delete deletes the AllAlarm from the server
func (o *AllAlarm) Delete() *bambou.Error {

	return bambou.CurrentSession().DeleteEntity(o)
}

// Metadatas retrieves the list of child Metadatas of the AllAlarm
func (o *AllAlarm) Metadatas(info *bambou.FetchingInfo) (MetadatasList, *bambou.Error) {

	var list MetadatasList
	err := bambou.CurrentSession().FetchChildren(o, MetadataIdentity, &list, info)
	return list, err
}

// CreateMetadata creates a new child Metadata under the AllAlarm
func (o *AllAlarm) CreateMetadata(child *Metadata) *bambou.Error {

	return bambou.CurrentSession().CreateChild(o, child)
}

// GlobalMetadatas retrieves the list of child GlobalMetadatas of the AllAlarm
func (o *AllAlarm) GlobalMetadatas(info *bambou.FetchingInfo) (GlobalMetadatasList, *bambou.Error) {

	var list GlobalMetadatasList
	err := bambou.CurrentSession().FetchChildren(o, GlobalMetadataIdentity, &list, info)
	return list, err
}

// CreateGlobalMetadata creates a new child GlobalMetadata under the AllAlarm
func (o *AllAlarm) CreateGlobalMetadata(child *GlobalMetadata) *bambou.Error {

	return bambou.CurrentSession().CreateChild(o, child)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


4-1/2" Wet / Dry Diamond Carbide Plate Cutter 4-1/2" Diameter x 11" Length of Cut x 13-1/2" Over-all Length 1-1/4"-7 Hub Size. This is a fantastic drillbitwarehouse product. Made in our Factory!
Premium 3 Speed Hand or Rig Mounted Professional Core Drilling Machine. Cores Concrete, Asphalt, Metal, ICE and many other uses. SPECIAL - Comes with 1 FREE Diamond Core Bit up to 3-1/2" Diameter.
LAPIDATOR RECIPRICATING SAW BLADE FOR CONCRETE 8" Diamond Carbide For Cutting Lapidary. Cuts concrete, stone, tile, marble, clay pipe, fiberglass and much more. Fits all Standard Recipricating saws.
Rubber Backing Pad for 4" or 5" Diamond Polishing Pads - Velcro hook and loop. Used with WET/DRY Pads. Fits any electric grinder.
These concave blades are designed for clean accurate cutting for curved cutting in granite and marble.
Specially designed for fast-smooth quick cutting and minimum chipping. Blade intended for Granite, Marble, Concrete, Brick and more, use wet or Dry!
Our J-Slot blade is for use in the shop and in the field. Blade is for all types of Ceramic Tiles, Quarry Tiles, Porcelain, Stone Marble and Granite. Use Dry or Wet!
Blade intended for Granite, Marble, Concrete, Stone, Tile and Masonry Materials. Use wet or dry.
Available in blades from 4"-10"
Utilizes special grade diamond for very fast cutting with minimum chipping and long life. Blade intended for all type of Ceramic Tiles, Quarry Tiles, Porcelain, Stone, Marble and Granite. Use wet only.
This blade is specially designed for added core strength, wobble control and easily carries away debris. The blade is intended for Granite, Marble, Concrete, Stone, Tile and Masonry Materials. Sizes from 4"-7" Use Wet or Dry!
This heavy duty laser welded blade has specially designed bigger cross drilled holes for greater heat dispersion. Designed with Long life in mind!
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This Super General Purpose blade has specially designed tear-drop slots and bigger cooling holes for fast removal of debris.
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An economic alternative to impregnated segmented blades.
The professional silent core blade is engineered to the highest specs. The blade's design provides for consistent chip free fast cutting and long blade performance.
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Price Shown for 20", other sizes available!
These Super-Sharp Professional series porcelain and glass tile Blades have their own unique materials for a clean and fast cutting solution. Use Wet only!
This professional quality turbo porcelain tile blade has its own unique materials for a clean and fast cutting solution. Blade intended for porcelain. Use wet only!
This segmented concave blade has T-Shape segments on both sides to improve curved cutting, minor grinding and helps prevent binding for curved cutting in granite and marble.
Toolguy Premium Tile Blade. Blade intended for all types of ceramic tiles, Quarry Tiles, Porcelain, Stone Marble, and Granite. High Alloy, Heat Treated Steel Core with Synthetic Diamond Crystal Metal Bond. Many Sizes available from 4"-10"
12" x .250 Thick x 1"-20mm Arbor, Diamond blade for the Gas saws. Originally designed for the military for cutting asphalt and concrete and cutting a 3/16" thick cut for running wire.
This Segmented turbo blade has specially designed deep segments for under-cut protection. Blade intended for granite, marble, concrete, brick and more, wet or dry!


text:
Q: C# Anyway to Aggregate from IQueryable (Not AsEnumerable) Code is the best way to express.
IQueryable<Entity> Sample = dbContext.Entity.Where(condition);
var result = from s in Sample
              select new NewList
              {
                  value = s.ChildrenTable.Select(child => child.license)
                      .Aggregate("", (current => next) => current + "; " + next),
              }

And the error (Maybe you already known):
    LINQ to Entities does not recognize the method 'System.String
Aggregate[String,String](System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[System.String], System.String,
System.Func`3[System.String,System.String,System.String])' method,
and this method cannot be translated into a store expression.

So please help me any solution for this case!

A: Entity Framework can't actually run your C# code as part of its query. It has to be able to convert the query to an actual SQL statement. In order for that to work, you will have to restructure your query expression into an expression that Entity Framework can handle

A: You should get all data from sql via linq-to-sql first.
After that, you can use Join() or Aggregate() to achieve it.
IQueryable<Entity> Sample = dbContext.Entity.Where(condition);
var data = from s in Sample
              select new
              {
                  childlicense = s.ChildrenTable.Select(child => child.license)
              }.ToList();
var result = data.Select(p => new NewList { value  = string.Join(", ", p.childlicense) });

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The mission of the Arkansas Department of Transportation's Bridge Division is to provide plans and specifications for safe, efficient, cost effective, and aesthetically pleasing structures, evaluate existing structures for safety and function and manage and monitor present and future needs of existing bridges.
The division is composed of four Design Sections and a Structural Inventory and Rating Section. The current staff of 28 includes 24 graduate engineers.
1. The Design Sections are responsible for the design, plans, and specifications for safe, cost effective, and aesthetically pleasing structures. These structures include highway and pedestrian bridges over waterways, railroads, and other highways along with retaining walls and structural supports for highway signs. Bridge plans developed by a consultant are also reviewed by the Design Sections. Approximately 60 new bridges are designed each year.
2. The Structural Inventory and Rating Section is responsible for analyzing approximately 13,000 existing bridges to determine their safe load capacity and to organize and maintain their current load ratings and inspection data. This section also performs a structural analysis of an existing bridge to determine permit issuance for an overload vehicle.


text:
USGS reports magnitude-6.5 earthquake in western Nevada
May 15, 2020 at 8:34 a.m.
5.7-magnitude quake shakes Utah, Salt Lake airport closed
March 18, 2020 at 8:07 a.m.
UPDATE: Series of smaller aftershocks keep region quaking through early morning
By Ruth Schneider
March 8, 2020 at 8:16 p.m.
Magnitude 3.0 quake rattles Gilroy
By Fiona Kelliher
January 6, 2020 at 12:42 p.m.
USGS releases new earthquake risk map — Northern California in the red
By Lisa M. Krieger
Video | Live coverage of the 1989 World Series during the Loma Prieta Earthquake
By Santa Cruz Sentinel
October 17, 2019 at 10:10 a.m.
Do you have it? California's earthquake early warning system is now statewide
By Kurt Snibbe
October 17, 2019 at 4:33 a.m.
What you should — and should not — do during an earthquake
Photo Gallery | 30th Anniversary of the Loma Prieta earthquake
By Dan Coyro
Another earthquake—a 4.9-magnitude—hits Ridgecrest area in Southern California
By Alma Fausto


text:
Nevada Census Data
Nevada Census Data: Nevada Census Data
Click on the image to enlarge
Census 2010:
From Nevada: 2010 Population and Housing Unit Counts. 2010 Census of Population and Housing, issued August 2012, CPH-2-30
For inset A, B and C, see below.
Nevada Population Estimates and Projections
Nevada Hispanic Censuses
Nevada Historic Censuses
Nevada Native American Censuses
Nevada State Demographer
US Census Bureau Data Tools
US Census Bureau
Current population estimates
Population estimates for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns, metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, and total housing units are available for Vintage 2017 (July 1, 2017) and historic vintages.
Projections of the Size and Composition of the U.S. Population: 2014 to 2060
Between 2014 and 2060, the U.S. population is projected to increase from 319 million to 417 million, reaching 400 million in 2051.
2010 Census profiles by county and incorporated city -- Profiles include Hispanic origin data
Nevada County Age, Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin Estimates and Projections 2017 to 2036 - Estimates from 2000 to 2016 and Projections from 2017 to 2036
Hispanic Origin - provides brief explanations of how Hispanic Origin is used at the Census and links to major data tables
U.S. Census Bureau guidance on the presentation and comparison of race and Hispanic origin data - Traditional and current data collection and classification treat race and Hispanic origin as two separate and distinct concepts in accordance with guidelines from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). This document provides U.S. Census Bureau guidance to the user community on how to handle the interpretation of race and Hispanic origin data.
Historical census statistics on population totals by race, 1790 to 1990, and by Hispanic origin, 1970 to 1990, for the United States, regions, divisions, and states / by Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung, US Census Bureau, Population Division Working Paper No. 56, 2002
Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Tabulations - The Census Bureau produces the EEO Tabulations for Federal agencies responsible for monitoring employment practices and enforcing civil rights laws in the workforce, and for all employers so they can measure their compliance with the laws.
The EEO Tabulation 2006-2010 (5-year ACS data) serves as the primary external benchmark for conducting comparisons between the racial, ethnic, and sex composition of each employer's workforce to its available labor market. provide data about the labor force by sex, race and ethnicity (Hispanic origin) by detailed occupations, EEO Occupational Groups, EEO-1 Job Categories, Federal Sector Job Groups, State and Local Government Job Groups, educational attainment, younger and older age groups, earnings, industry, citizenship, and unemployment status by residence geography, worksite geography, and commuter flows. These are also used by organizations to develop and update their affirmative action plans.
Special 2000 Census EEO Tabulation - Nevada data
These charts show Hispanic workers as a percentage in Nevada counties total workforce for selected job categories. Mona Reno, SDC Librarian, compiled these charts from the Special 2000 Census EEO Tabulation.
Percent of labor force who are Hispanic, by county
Percent of labor force who are Hispanic, by EEO occupation group
Administrative support workers
Construction and extractive craft workers
Healthcare practitioner professional workers
Installation, maintenance and repair craft workers
Laborers and helpers
Management, business and financial workers
Other professional workers
Production operative workers
Protective service workers
Science, engineering and computer professional workers
Service workers, except protective
Transportation and material moving operative workers
Unemployed, no civilian work experience since 1995
Nevada Territory and State Historic Censuses (1860-75)
Nevada Territory Censuses (1861-1864, digital images of the Territorial surveys authorized by the territorial governor on the Nevada State Library, Archives and Public Records Digital Collections site).
Please note that no names are listed in the following 1861 -1864 Territorial and 1875 State censuses documents. For family history research, please use the census microfilm and name indexes located at the Nevada State Library.
1861 Territorial Census
1875 State Census
Selected Federal Historic Censuses
Nevada city populations, 1860 - 2000
Nevada's county populations, 1860 - 2000
Nevada's foreign-born populations, 1860 - 2000
Nevada's major cities - Race and Hispanic origin, 1860 - 2000
Trends in Nevada's population and housing, 1900 - 2000
Other Historic Censuses Resources
University of Nevada, Reno - Nevada Historical Census (1860, 1870, 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920 Federal Censuses) - Search Nevadans by name, location, occupation and other characteristics in this digital database.
Nevada Department of Transportation
Indian Reservations and Colonies in Nevada - 2017 (map) -- This map shows locations of Nevada's Native American Reservations and Colonies and lists tribal contacts and agencies.
2010 Census profiles by county and incorporated city -- Profiles include Native American data.
Table B16001 -- Language spoken at home by ability to speak English for the population 5 years and over. Use American FactFinder to access the American Community Survey (ACS) 2012-2016 5-year and 2016 1-year data tables with state-level data or to refine your results for an individual geography.
Native North American languages spoken at home in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2006-2010 (ACS) -- American Community Survey Briefs Publication ACSBR/10-10, December 2011
DP-1 Demographic Profiles for Nevada (State, Congressional Districts, Counties, Places, MSA's and Native American Colonies, Reservations and Trust Lands) -- Use American FactFinder to access 2 tables with state-level data or to refine your results for an individual geography.
Summary File 1 (SF 1) Selected population and housing characteristics for Nevada -- Use American FactFinder to access 361 tables with state-level data or to refine your results for an individual geography.
Summary File 2 (SF 2) Population and housing characteristics iterated for many detailed race and Hispanic or Latino categories, and Native American tribes for Nevada -- Use American FactFinder to access 134 tables with state-level data or to refine your results for an individual geography.
Native American Census Rolls
Indian Census Rolls 1885-1940, National Archives and Records (NARA) Series M595 microfilm available at the Nevada State Library, Archives, & Public Records
National Archives and Records (NARA) microfilm (1853-1940) - document lists Indian Census rolls, letters sent and received by the Office of Indian Affairs - Nevada Superintendency, records of the Nevada and Utah Superintendency of Indian Affairs, and Superintendents' annual narrative and statistical reports from field jurisdictions of the Bureau of Indian Affairs available at the Nevada State Library, Archives, & Public Records.
National Archives & Records (NARA) - The American Indian Records in the National Archives website contains Native American records and information available at NARA
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) records - Microfilm rolls available at National Archives & Records (NARA) - the BIA gathered, collected, and/or created census rolls involving Native Americans to identify members of various tribes and bands, including Freedmen. These rolls were created as a result of allotments, legislation, removals, treaties, and other activities. Since the purpose of the rolls vary; the information collected also varies. Information on the Baker, Dawes, Guion-Miller, Kern-Clifton, Roblin and Wallace rolls is available.
The Nevada State Demographer is responsible for conducting annual population estimates and projections for Nevada's counties, cities, and unincorporated towns. The State Demographer estimates Nevada's county populations by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin and produces population projections and produces the Governor's certified population estimates and projections for the State of Nevada.
Population estimate reports include:
2017 Governor Certified Population Estimates of Nevada's Counties, Cities and Towns 2000 to 2017
Population projection reports include:
Nevada County Population Projections 2017 to 2036
US Census Bureau -- The Census Bureau's mission is to serve as the leading source of quality data about the nation's people and economy.
American FactFinder (AFF) -- An interactive tool for searching census data.
American Community Survey (ACS) -- A source for detailed population and housing information about our nation.
data.census.gov -- Beta test the platform replacing American FactFinder.
Quick Facts -- Provides statistics for all states and counties and for cities and towns with a population of 5,000 or more.
U.S. Statistical Abstract -- The abstract served as a guide to sources of data from the Census Bureau and other Federal agencies and private organizations. The U.S. Census Bureau ended the data collection for the Statistical Compendia program on October 1, 2011. Historic abstract information is available.
URL: https://nsla.nv.gov/nevada-census-data


Weightlifting For Busy Moms And Dads a Scam?
Bullet-proof Meditation- Kill Stress And Easily Learn Meditation is a very popular program. Now it is a bold claim to create, so I decided to study this program and locate other information together with testimonials to provide you with an exact and actual guide. I bought the program to give an unbiased guide to any or all my subscribers.
To being I got to say that the program is very lengthy. There's some good information in it, but is some of it worth buying this program? The real question is: Will it work? I do not believe the program is a scam. But you will need some significant discipline to follow along with the advice in this program.
This program has everything you should start. It teaches you exactly what you need, how to practice the measures, and how possible get going fast. The program is not difficult to examine and follow, with diagrams and graphics to assist direct you.
There's a new menace on the web, something called ebook fraud. It comes in two types,: ebooks quickly created from mechanically collected information crawled from the Internet, and ebooks generated from stealing legit printed ebooks, scanned and marketed by someone that does not possess the right of first publication. Bullet-proof Meditation- Kill Stress And Easily Learn Meditation includes original thoughts and genuine content in order to purchase confidently.
Okay, so there are billions of people like you out there who want to get great guidance. Will Bullet-proof Meditation- Kill Stress And Easily Learn Meditation work? I chose to discover. It is possible for scammers out there to cheat and scam you from your wallet. The good sides are more than the bad. Continue reading to find out precisely what we learned.|So continue reading to find the simple secrets inside what makes getting results seems so easy. Practice progressive muscle relaxation, especially if you carry stress in your neck and shoulders. You can tense and relax a particular muscle group for quick stress relief, or if time allows, spend 20 minutes to relieve the day's accumulated tension by tensing individual muscle groups and then relaxing them. You will feel the tension subside almost immediately. Exercise to relieve stress. If you find that you are under stress from your job or personal situation, regular exercise can help you feel better. Taking a long walk, going to the gym, dancing or doing yoga are all forms of exercise that can help you feel less stressed. To reduce stress in your life, learn how to say no. Oftentimes people want to please everyone, yet that is not possible. Learning to say no will reduce the amount of stress you feel, even if you may feel slightly guilty. In the long run reducing your activities will help your stress levels.


text: Q: Whta is a .snapshot file and how do I upload it into a Jupyter Python Notebook? I ran a scraper using the Wayback Machine Scraper and my downloaded files have a .snapshot extension. What is this type of file? And how could I upload it to my Jupyter Notebook for language processing?


text:
Community Foundation awards $100K to animal charities
Indian River Community Foundation awarded two competitive grants of $50,000 each to two animal-related charities.
Community Foundation awards $100K to animal charities Indian River Community Foundation awarded two competitive grants of $50,000 each to two animal-related charities. Check out this story on tcpalm.com: https://www.tcpalm.com/story/specialty-publications/your-news/indian-river-county/reader-submitted/2018/02/20/community-foundation-awards-100-k-animal-charities/355731002/
Jeff Pickering, YourNews contributor Published 2:23 p.m. ET Feb. 20, 2018
Dogs for Life employee/client and Marine veteran Tracey Higginbotham with his dog 'Tucker,' Jeff Pickering of Indian River Community Foundation and Shelly Ferger with Dogs for Life.(Photo: Maureen Nicolace)
VERO BEACH -- Indian River Community Foundation awarded two competitive grants of $50,000 each to two animal-related charities.
Both grants were awarded from the Community Enrichment Fund. The first $50,000 grant was provided to Dogs for Life to support the organization's Assistance Dogs for Veterans program. This program rescues dogs from local shelters, pairs them with local veterans suffering from one or more disabling conditions, and provides them with assistance dog certification.
"Since 2015, this program has serviced approximately 150 veterans and has rescued more than 75 dogs from local shelters," said executive director Shelly Ferger. "Something special happens when these animals and veterans come together, and we are grateful for this support."
The second $50,000 grant was awarded to the Humane Society of Vero Beach and Indian River County to support the organization's Pet Spot Mobile Adoption Unit and Clinic. Grant funding will be used by the organization to purchase and operate a mobile trailer, supporting the organization's work in under-served areas of Indian River County.
"Last year, we facilitated thousands of pet adoptions in our community," said executive director, Michael Mandel. "This mobile outreach program will extend our mission into parts of our community that we have been unable to reach in the past. We are very excited about the potential impact this will make."
While most of the Community Foundation's grants are awarded by clients through donor advised funds, Indian River Community Foundation's competitive grant program is made possible through the generosity of anonymous donors to several grant making funds.
These valuable resources support the Community Foundation's mission of building a better community through donor-driven philanthropy. Indian River Community Foundation was established in 2008 with a mission of building a better community through donor-driven philanthropy.
With assets of more than $145 million in 160 charitable giving accounts, the Community Foundation and its clients have awarded more than $47 million in grants, mostly to nonprofit charitable organizations located in Indian River County, Florida.
Visit ircommunityfoundation.org to learn more.
Read or Share this story: https://www.tcpalm.com/story/specialty-publications/your-news/indian-river-county/reader-submitted/2018/02/20/community-foundation-awards-100-k-animal-charities/355731002/


Can anybody say if it will, potentially, be a good overclocker or not, I know there are lots of other factors involved.
Welcome to AOA Forums, 5cr3w8all!
this gives it away..mobiles are generally fqq4c. Mobiles have a max operating temp of 100c, whiles destops have 85, i think. The answer is there in the numbers, but you must keep in mind that there are no longer being any athlon XP's produced...mobile chips and semprons are all that are left.
Plus, being an AQYHA stepping, you would probably want to stay away from it even if it were a mobile (and Cad's right, that part number isn't for a mobile chip).
The AQYHAs tend not to OC well. A little over 2.4 GHz is all I ever got out of the two I had, and a lot of other people have similar experiences.
....but if the price is right 2.4Ghz isn't too bad is it? If you are buying it brand new then I'd consider paying slightly more for an XP-M2500 or 2600+ and getting slightly higher clocks at lower temps.
DFI SLi-D, Opteron 144 @ 2.8Ghz, 4x512MB PDP XBLK, 160GB WD Caviar SE, Benq 1620DW DVD-RW, X1800XT 256MB,Custom WC.


text:
La Arrolladora Banda El Limón
La Arrolladora Banda El Limón top 20 songs
La Arrolladora Banda El Limón biography
Led by clarinetist René Camacho, La Arrolladora Banda el Limón are a banda group from Sinaloa who made their commercial recording debut in 1997 and quickly rose to the top of the Mexican regional music scene. Comprised of over a dozen bandmembers, the group performs a range of Mexican regional music including rancheras, corridos, ballads, and cumbias. Founded by Camacho in El Limón de los Peraza, a town approximately 80 kilometers north of Mazatlán, the second-largest city in the state of Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico, La Arrolladora Banda el Limón were active for many years prior to making their full-length album debut with ¡Mas Arrolladora Que Nunca! (1997) on La Sierra Records. The group released a total of eight albums on La Sierra Records between 1997 and 2001, often releasing two per year. From the beginning, all of the group's albums were produced by Fernando Camacho and arranged by Camacho. As La Arrolladora Banda el Limón grew in popularity, building a fan base that spread from Mexico to the United States, they moved to the Univision Music Group affiliate Disa Records and made their debut on the label with Grandes Boleros Arrolladores (2002). New albums followed on a regular basis, often more than one per year. In addition to studio albums, the group released live albums including En Vivo Desde Culiacán, Sinaloa (2004), Para Ti Exclusivo en Vivo Desde Arandas, Jalisco (2007), and Sold Out Desde Los Angeles (2009). While the success of La Arrolladora Banda el Limón continued to grow with each passing year, including their first-ever Billboard chart-topper, Más Adelante (2009), their pre-Disa material was repackaged by Sony Music on a series of compilations including Personalidad: 20 Exitos (2002), La Historia de la Arrolladora (2008), and Lo Esencial de la Arrolladora Banda el Limón (2009).


Transco is one of the European leaders in the field of elevator belts for food industry.
Transco manufactures wide slabs of white belts that it keeps in stock. It cuts it in pieces to length and width and punches it in holes according to the client requirements to form specific elevator belt to be directly installed on an elevator belt conveyor.
To achieve this function, Transco owns an efficient rotocure system, a slitter and a punching machine, and it keeps a large stock.
Over the recent years, with its partner STIF, Transco has become the absolute leader in France.


I just sold this Townhouse at 1758 LILAC Drive, South Surrey White Rock, British Columbia .
I just sold this Condo at 104 2328 OXFORD Street, Vancouver East, British Columbia .
RIVERWIND! Gorgeous Heritage-Style 3-Bedroom Townhouse in display-home condition. Quality & craftmanship in every detail. Extras include stainless appliances, gastove, laminate floors. Oversized double garage with storage and more!


Lorne died peacefully in Victoria on May 18, 2011, in his 103rd year. He was predeceased by his wife, Grace, in 2004. Lorne, with the help of devoted caregivers, continued to live in his own home, exercising daily and attending the symphony, opera, ballet and charity events until his death.
Lorne was born September 2, 1908, to Frank and Ada Mary Swannell. Frank was a BC land surveyor who for many years recorded BC history in photographs.
Following Lorne's early schooling in Victoria, he left for UBC in 1927. Living in a boarding house just outside the university gates gave Lorne and his house-mates ample opportunity for cross-country runs, ingraining in Lorne a lifelong passion for exercise. His classes developed in him a quest for knowledge in the arts, history, music, and science that continued to grow throughout his life.
After receiving his degrees, he began 41 years of service in the BC forest industry, rising from a survey crew rodman to chief forester of BC in 1963. After retiring in 1972, Lorne travelled as a consultant, taught at Camosun College and later became a student at the University of Victoria and Open University. Over the years, he received many honours and awards. On his 100th birthday in 2008, the province of BC created a bursary in his name at the University of Northern BC in recognition of his service to forestry.
Lorne joined the Armed Services in 1939, arrived in England 1940, and then served in France, Belgium, Holland and Germany until he was discharged at the end of the war with the rank of major (battery commander of the 2nd Survey Regiment, Royal Canadian Army). Returning to Canada, Lorne rejoined the BC Forest Service as assistant district forester at Prince George and was promoted to district forester in May 1947. In September 1949, Grace Wisenden became Lorne's bride and lifelong companion. Strong believers in education in Canada and internationally, both Lorne and Grace will be well remembered for their generous donations to scholarships, charities and educational institutions over the years. Lorne believed money was "no good" unless it was being used to benefit society. Living this statement until his death was a testament to a life well lived with generosity.


Just a few miles from the Pacific Ocean, in Signal Hill, California hides an innocent looking hot rod shop where the American pinnacle of luxury automobiles are turned into something to be feared, admired, and envied. The D3 group, performance engineers who believe that greatness cannot be achieved merely by high horsepower statements, but through the dynamic balance of performance fused with cutting edge technology and design is a premier manufacturer of Cadillac Tuning Equipment for both street and track.
When XS Power began work on project XSP CTS-V, few design and performance engineers stood out as D3 did. With years of experience in numerous sectors of motorsport technology, D3 products are seen worldwide participating in racing from grass-roots to professional motorsports.
Watch for much more to come from D3 and XS Power's project XSP CTS-V.


Danish lawmakers will travel to the Pacific island of Nauru to visit a controversial Australian immigration centre and study the use of offshore settlements for asylum-seekers, one of the MPs said on Tuesday.
Six members of the Danish parliament's Immigration and Integration Affairs Committee will leave on Saturday for Australia and Nauru, Johanne Schmidt-Nielsen of the leftist Red-Green Alliance (Enhedslisten) told AFP, confirming reports in Danish media.
Schmidt-Nielsen said that although she found the Australian system "grotesque", the trip -- planned for several months -- was a chance for her to "ask some of the questions that the Australian government is preventing journalists from asking."
The release of more than 2,000 leaked reports of incidents on Nauru detailing allegations of widespread abuse and self-harm, including children wanting to kill themselves, have renewed calls for a parliamentary inquiry in Australia.
But the Nauruan government said last week that asylum-seekers had made up most of the claims in hope of being relocated to Australia.
The chairman of the Danish parliamentary committee, Martin Henriksen of the anti-immigration Danish People's Party (DF), has previously described the Australian policy as being "very sensible".
The ruling Venstre party's hardline integration minister, Inger Støjberg, is not on the committee, but has said that the Australian system "apparently works in an Australian context" and that her government would "continually consider... experiences from other countries."
The Australian government said on August 17th that it had agreed to close the Papua New Guinea camp.
The Guardian, which published the Nauru reports, said that only two Australian journalists had been granted access to the Nauru detention centre in the past three years.
The Danish government rules with the help of the anti-immigration DF in parliament and has passed tough legislation to deter migrants from coming to the country, including allowing police to confiscate some of the asylum seekers' valuables to help pay for their accommodation.


Courage is catching… If you see someone act with courage, it reminds you of your own well of strength and you find the power to act courageously yourself.
There are lots of examples of disaster situations when one brave soul has been moved to put their own life at risk to save others from a train wreck or earthquake, and others have respond to the single act of courage, by joining in the rescue effort, without a thought for their own safety.
Is there a historical character, a hero of yours whose valorous act has inspired you? Nelson Mandela or Emmeline Pankhurst – think whose courage has impressed you and plan to borrow some of that.
Is there a fictional character, someone in a book or movie, who you can pretend to be while working up the courage to undertake the action you want to accomplish in your own real life?
Ask a friend or work colleague to share an incident from their own life, a time when they did something courageous – however small an act. Think about what qualities they displayed and how you might follow their example.
Research and look around for someone who has exactly the same fear as your are facing, someone who knows your issue and has overcome it. Perhaps it is through a self-help group or an online forum. Get some ideas to inspire you – if they can do it so can you.


Anh earned his B.S. in Computer Science at California State University, Fullerton. He works with UCHRI's web applications, website development, and FastApps, a web based application used to manage applications for grants administered by UCHRI, the UC Humanities Network, and the Digital Media and Learning Competition.


text:
, född 23 augusti 1978 i Nara prefektur, är en japansk före detta fotbollsspelare.

Higashi började sin karriär 2001 i Sagan Tosu. Han spelade 27 ligamatcher för klubben. Efter Sagan Tosu spelade han för Nara Club. Han avslutade karriären 2010.

Källor

Japanska fotbollsspelare
Spelare i Sagan Tosu
Födda 1978
Levande personer
Män
Personer från Nara prefektur

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Begin planning your Airplane birthday party by purchasing a few of the many airplane party supplies available. Decorate with a coordinating color such as sky blue.
A fun decoration and one your child can help with is model airplanes. Put together model airplanes with your child and use them as centerpieces. Your child will have fun building the models and feel proud to have their projects displayed at the birthday party.
If the party is indoors create a sky. Use white balloons to make clouds. Cluster the balloons together and hang toy or balloon airplanes from the ceiling.
As always balloons are a must at all parties. Light blue, dark blue and white will work great!
If you're looking for a place to have the party check with your local airports and flight training schools to see if they can provide a tour and possibly a party room. You'd be surprised, but some private airports actually do this for kids parties.
Put a large map on the wall. If your family travels, circle all the places you've traveled as a family.
Decorate your driveway by turning it into a runway. Using chalk draw a line down the center with arrows. Hang a sign on the door saying "Terminal and whatever age your child is".
Name the airline after your child.
Put the party details where you would normally see the flight information.
Also, check out are Kids Party Invitations & Tips we've written this page to help our readers with their invitations.
Goody Bag Ideas - Plastic airplanes, gliders, airplane or jet stickers, coloring books with airplanes or jets.
Create a crafts station and allow the kids to make paper airplanes and decorate them.
Then have the kids fly their planes.
You may need to show them how to make a paper airplane so be sure you know how to do it.
Have the children fly kites and call them gliders.
You can have a contest to see who's kite gets the highest, fly's the fastest or does tricks.
Prior to the party hide objects such as candy or toys around the party area.
Then give the children clues as to where the objects are and tell them this is their flight plan.
Visit our party games page. We've provide over 30 party games for our readers!
The usual party food such as hot dogs, hamburgers, french fries, pizza and chicken nuggets. Along with healthier snacks such as fruit and veggie sticks.
Also, consider making white cotton candy and call it clouds.
Serve cookies in the shape of airplanes.
Return to Clever Kids Party home pag from Airplane Birthday Party.


text:
The Quarterly Journal of Science and the Arts, Volume 5
curious as specimens, but of little value as sources of this useful metal, which is almost exclusively drawn from the sulphuret or galena.
This ore is distinguished by its metallic lustre, and its foliated fracture. It is soft, heavy, and brittle; its specific gravity 7.5. It is very commonly crystallized in cubes, octohedra, and prisms. Before the blow-pipe it exhales sulphur, and gives a globule, which by the joint action of heat and air disappears, provided the lead be pure. It contains 87 of lead and 13 of sulphur.
This ore of lead occurs in primary as well as in secondary rocks; in this country our richest mines are in slate and liinestone. And such is the recent deposition of lead in some cases, that it is actually found within the cavities of shells. Great Britain presents us with the richest lead mines of the known world; they furnish more than half of the lead annually raised in Europe which amounts to about 500,000 quintals.
The mines of Northumberland, Durham, Derbyshire, and Somersetshire are chiefly in limestone. In Devonshire it is found in slate; as at Beeralston upon the Tamar. Fluor spar is a very common accompaniinent, of which some interesting mineralogical varieties occur at Beeralston. Lanark, Dumfries, and Aberdeen are the principal Scotch shires rich in lead. The mines of France, Westphalia, Austria, Spain, and Prussia are the next in importance. Those of Saxony, Bavaria, and Russia are of little consequence. It is probable that China is rich in lead.
The reduction of the sulphuret of lead to a metallic state is a sufficiently simple process. The ore is broken up and freed as much as possible from extraneous matters, or dressed; it is then ground or broken finer, and thrown in quantities of about a ton at a time into a reverberating furnace. The flame of pit coal is made to play upon it, it soon gets red hot and melts; the fire is then slackened till the mass gets dull red, and the sulphur then evaporates ; quick lime is thrown in, and a separation is soon observed into lead and slag; the metal is then drawn out.
Galena often contains silver; and although there is no method of ascertaining this but by analysis, we observe it generally impairs the lustre of the ore. When the quantity of silver is extremely minute it is not worth separating, and hence, the lead of commerce often contains it; but when it amounts to about 12 or 14 ounces per ton, then the processes become more complicated and curious to obtain it. The richest argentiferous lead of this country, which I remember to have heard of, is that of Brunghill moor in Yorkshire, yielding=930 ounces per ton. In the reign of Charles I. the mines of Cardigan gave 80 ounces per ton. The leads of Durham and Westmorland about 17 ounces.
Mr. Brande proceeded to describe the process of reduction by cupellation, and the mode of separating the silver :
The process of cupellation is often performed with a very different intent, as in the analysis of ingots of gold and silver, containing certain quantities of copper or other base alloy. This analysis is commonly called assaying, and rests upon the property which lead has of not merely being converted into a fusible glassy oxide itself, when exposed to heat, but when in that state of dissolving, and oxidizing the copper, or other base metals.
Pure lead has a bluish white colour, and much inherent lustre, but soon tarnishes. Its specific gravity is 11.3. It is malleable, but little tenacious, and melts below a red heat. It combines with oxygen in three proportions, forming massicot or yellow oxide, minium or red oxide, and the peroxide is of a brown colour.
In these combinations 97 parts of the metal are respectively united to 7,5 – 11,25 and 15 of oxygen. All the salts of lead contain the first oxide.
Copper and lead are metals much used for domestic and culinary purposes, and as it not unfrequently happens that articles of food, as well as water, are tainted by their combinations, and thus rendered pernicious to health, it will be right, in this place, to say a few words of the means by which they may be detected.
Copper vessels are easily acted upon by weak acids, or even
by the joint action of air and water; hence, any vegetable matter either sour, or having a tendency to become so, may become very deleteriously tainted. This not unfrequently occurs with pickles and sweetmeats, and will almost always happen when any kind of food is left for some time in a copper saucepan not perfectly tinned. In these cases the presence of copper may be detected by ammonia, and by a plate of iron.
Lead is by no means an unfrequent ingredient in water, which, according to the custom of this country, is preserved in leaden cisterns, and conducted through pipes of the same metal; although it does not at all follow that on this account the water should be necessarily tainted. Where the water contains carbonic acid in any quantity, it will be apt to have carbonate of lead mechanically suspended in it. It is very rarely the case that lead is in a state of solution in the water; so that in examining a suspected water, the sediment as well as the clear water must be attended to. The best tests for lead, are sulphuretted hydrogen, which gives a brownish black precipitate in solutions containing lead'; hydriodate of potash forms a yellow precipitate; sulphate of soda a white one, which heated before the blowpipe on charcoal affords a globule of the metal.
Much has been said concerning the addition of sugar of lead to wines, and an idea has often gone abroad that white wines are frequently adulterated with this pernicious compound; that it is used to counteract tartness. I have examined more than 100 samples of white wine of different kinds and from different sources, with a view of ascertaining the truth of this opinion; in two instances only I discovered lead: in one case it was in very large quantity, but there was good evidence of the wine having been put into a bottle which had previously contained goulard water; in the other case, lead was observed only by very nice tests and in very small quantity, and it arose from some shot having been left in the bottle, a very minute portion of which had been dissolved by the acid of the wine. So that the apprehension which some have entertained concerning the frequent and intentional adulteration of white wines with sugar of lead seems to be perfectly groundless.
VIII. On some Combinations of Ammonia with Chlorides,
By M. Faraday, Chemical Assistant in the Royal Institution.
It has been already shewn, particularly by Sir H. Davy, that several of the binary compounds of chlorine, as those of phosphorus, tin, &c. exert a strong affinity for ammonia, condensing it when in the gaseous state, and neutralizing its alkaline properties. The combinations which will here be offered to notice, are of a different kind, and if they deserve any attention, it will be in consequence of the weakness of the power which is exerted in their formation, and the slight change of properties induced on the substances by union.
It has been frequently observed by chemists, that if well fused muriate of lime be placed in ammoniacal gas, there is a rapid absorption of the gas, and the chloride becomes covered with a white powder. If ammonia be repeatedly added until the absorption 'ceases, the mass of chloride swells, cracks, splits in all directions, and at last forms a white pulverulent substance.
Exposed to the atmosphere, it deliquesces, but not so rapidly as muriate of lime. Thrown into water it dissolves, forming a strong alkaline solution. Heated, it gives off ammonia, and the chloride remains unchanged. Placed in chlorine it inflames spontaneously, and burns with a pale yellow flame.
The fused chlorides of barium and strontium suffer a very slight change in ammoniacal gas in many days; after more than a fortnight the chloride of strontium, weighing about 30 grains, had absorbed only a cubical inch of gas, and a slight efflorescent appearance was seen on the broken edge.
A piece of fused chloride of silver, weighing about 30 grains, placed in ammoniacal gas, gradually absorbed more than 40 cubical inches. The action took place over the whole surface of the mass, but most speedily at the fractured edges. The chloride swelled considerably, and crumbled into powder. The substance formed was at first white, but it blackened by exposure to light, though without liberating ary gas. Thrown into water the ammonia was separated, forming a solution, and the chloride remained unchanged. Heated, the whole of the ammonia was given off. Placed in clorine it inflamed spontaneously, and the ammonia was decomposed.
Chloride of silver that had been well dried, but not fused, gave the same compounds with ammonia, but in a much shorter time.
A strong solution of chloride of silver in ammonia was left for some weeks in a bottle stopped only by a piece of paper. At the end of that time several perfectly colourless and transparent crystals had formed in it; some of them being as much as a quarter of an inch in width. Their general form was that of a flat rhomboid, but sometiines two acute angles of the rhomboid were wanting, and then the crystals looked like hexaedral prisms with oblique bases.
Exposed to the air, these crystals became opaque, gradually loosing the whole of the ammonia, and were then so friable as to fall into powder by a slight touch ; the substance remaining was a dry chloride of silver. Placed in water, the same change occurred, but more readily, the water separated the ammonia, and they instantly become opaque. Heated, they gave off much ammoniacal gas, and the chloride remained unaltered. Exposed to light, they gradually blackened, though covered by the solution from which they were deposited.
If the ammoniacal solution be weak, other crystals are formed which are pure chloride of silver.
Dry corrosive sublimate placed in ammoniacal gas had suffered no change in fourteen days, nor had any action been exerted on the ammonia; there was a diminution of a quarter of a cubical inch of gas, probably owing to a little water being present. The corrosive sublimate heated gave out no ammonia, and the whole of the gas remaining was absorbed by water.
The precipitate obtained by adding ammonia to a 'solution of corrosive sublimate, appears to be a compound of the two bodies, but the alkali is neutralized in this case, and it is therefore more analagous to the combination of ammonia


ARE YOU READY TO SEE GOD MOVE WILDLY IN YOUR LIFE?
DO YOU LONG TO FOLLOW JESUS ON A BOLD NEW ADVENTURE?
HAVE YOU DESIRED TO CONNECT WITH OTHER JESUS FOLLOWING ADVENTURE SEEKERS?
THEN WOW DO WE HAVE SOMETHING FUN IN STORE FOR YOU!
ENTER YOUR EMAIL IF YOU'D LIKE TO BE THE FIRST TO KNOW WHAT WE ARE UP TO!
ADVENTURES CAN TAKE SOME TIME TO PLAN... ENTER YOUR EMAIL IF YOU'RE INTERESTED ON BEING THE FIRST TO KNOW WHAT WE ARE UP TO!


text:
package org.apache.directory.server.operations.modifydn;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.entry.DefaultEntry;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.entry.Entry;
import org.apache.directory.ldap.client.api.LdapConnection;
import org.apache.directory.server.annotations.CreateLdapServer;
import org.apache.directory.server.annotations.CreateTransport;
import org.apache.directory.server.core.annotations.ContextEntry;
import org.apache.directory.server.core.annotations.CreateDS;
import org.apache.directory.server.core.annotations.CreateIndex;
import org.apache.directory.server.core.annotations.CreatePartition;
import org.apache.directory.server.core.integ.AbstractLdapTestUnit;
import org.apache.directory.server.core.integ.ApacheDSTestExtension;
import org.apache.directory.server.integ.ServerIntegrationUtils;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;

/**
 * Check that moving an entry properly set the nbChildren and nbSubordinates values.
 *
 * @author Apache Directory Project
 */
@ExtendWith( { ApacheDSTestExtension.class } )
@CreateDS(name = "ModifyRdnIT-class", enableChangeLog = false,
    partitions =
        {
            @CreatePartition(
                name = "example",
                suffix = "dc=example,dc=com",
                contextEntry = @ContextEntry(
                    entryLdif = "dn: dc=example,dc=com\n" +
                        "objectClass: domain\n" +
                        "objectClass: top\n" +
                        "dc: example\n\n"
                ),
                indexes = {
                    @CreateIndex( attribute = "uid" )
                }
            )
    })
@CreateLdapServer(
    transports =
        {
            @CreateTransport(protocol = "LDAP")
    })
public class MoveWithDescendantIT extends AbstractLdapTestUnit
{
    private static final String BASE = "dc=example,dc=com";

    /**
     * Move an entry, check it's parents (old and new) nbChildren and nbSubordinates values
     */
    @Test
    public void testMoveDescendant() throws Exception
    {
        LdapConnection connection = ServerIntegrationUtils.getAdminConnection( getLdapServer() );
        connection.loadSchema();

        // Create a users root
        Entry entry = new DefaultEntry( "cn=users," + BASE,
            "objectClass: top",
            "objectClass: person",
            "cn", "users",
            "sn: users",
            "description", "The users root" );

        connection.add( entry );

        // Create a person root
        entry = new DefaultEntry( "cn=persons," + BASE,
            "objectClass: top",
            "objectClass: person",
            "cn", "persons",
            "sn: persons",
            "description", "The persons root" );

        connection.add( entry );

        // Create a person, cn value is rdn
        String cn = "Myra Ellen Amos";
        String rdn = "cn=" + cn;
        String dn = rdn + ", " + "cn=users," + BASE;

        entry = new DefaultEntry( dn,
            "objectClass: top",
            "objectClass: person",
            "cn", cn,
            "sn: Amos",
            "description", cn + " is a person." );

        connection.add( entry );

        // Get the top entry
        Entry tori = connection.lookup( dn, "+", "*" );

        assertNotNull( tori );
        assertTrue( tori.contains( "cn", "Myra Ellen Amos" ) );

        // Get the users root
        Entry users = connection.lookup( "cn=users," + BASE, "+", "*" );

        assertTrue( users.contains( "nbSubordinates", "1" ) );
        assertTrue( users.contains( "nbChildren", "1" ) );

        // Get the persons root
        Entry persons = connection.lookup( "cn=persons," + BASE, "+", "*" );

        assertTrue( persons.contains( "nbSubordinates", "0" ) );
        assertTrue( persons.contains( "nbChildren", "0" ) );

        // move the top entry
        connection.move( dn, "cn=persons," + BASE );

        // Get the users root
        users = connection.lookup( "cn=users," + BASE, "+", "*" );

        assertTrue( users.contains( "nbSubordinates", "0" ) );
        assertTrue( users.contains( "nbChildren", "0" ) );

        // Get the persons root
        persons = connection.lookup( "cn=persons," + BASE, "+", "*" );

        assertTrue( persons.contains( "nbSubordinates", "1" ) );
        assertTrue( persons.contains( "nbChildren", "1" ) );
    }
}


text:
" Preparing for a fastest lap , I concentrate as deeply as I can. I isolate all outside interference, whether it's photographers, fans, people around me. In that state I am somehow able to get to a level where I am ahead of myself – maybe a fifth of a second, who knows?! " - AYRTON SENNA
Rubens Barrichello at the wheel of the Honda NSX
Honda NSX on the track, the Japanese Ferrari, the car was designed by the hands of the Ayrton Senna.
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Ayrton Senna: The lost interview
Ayrton Senna: The lost interview by InsideGrandPrix Ayrton Senna came to Europe in 1981, at the age of twenty-two, to begin his open wheel racing...
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The Ayrton Senna Institute and the Banco do Brasil Foundation have announced a partnership focused on the full literacy of thousands of Brazilian children....
Expo EDUTEC 2018
Cooperation with the Ayrton Senna Institute is renewed
Ayrton Senna Institute to be part of McDia Feliz
IAS participates in International Education Forum in Dubai
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Outstanding tribute to Brazilian Champion
Feel the spirit in the air – Interlagos '95