Crawley Town are set to come back with an improved offer for Southampton's Ryan Dickson, after the two clubs could not initially match at Saints' valuation of the player.
hi ED, any news on where peter lovenkrands is off?
Jon Taylor is looking to be going to Derby with Ben Davies coming the opposite way. Turner is trying to work out a swop between the two and a possible fee.
West Ham are now going to sign Milos Krasic instead of Eljero Elia.
Krasic has chosen WHU over Liverpool and has agreed terms.
Craig Westcarr is signing for Bradford City tomorrow. Gary Thompson isn't signing.
Hi ED, any news on possible Huddersfield targets? Other than mccormack, clayton and morrison?
Come on ed's enlighten us! plus could you put the rhodes to reading rumour to bed aswell!
Lets start getting serious BHOYS, did you read that rag could the SUNDAY MAIL TODAY. Who the fack is the sports editor. SELLING TO US WOULD HAVE AVOIDED THE MESS.
What a load of rubbish. Doyle and Hunt Both left Reading as legends. Doyle has publicly said he is not coming back and Hunt sadly is not the player he was when he came from Brentford. Next James Harper and Sidwell (although I would have Sidwell back) will be in the frame for a return to RFC.
Hunt didn't leave as a legend. He was an arrogant little muppet with a big mouth. He upset the dressing room on a few occasions. Massive no thank you to him ever coming back.
Doyle, god love him, is toilet. He did well for us and then got believed all the hype and went to Wolves, where he was shockingly poor. Keep him!
Sidwell wouldn't get in this team now either. Back up, yes please.
I am pleased that leeds are gooing to get new oweners. With ex cash they have started to move the right way. But at this stage leeds fan that posted ahoist of targets of wich more than half of them are with premier L clubs, so there is no way these players are going to leave the likes of qpr drop a div. So please keep it real people.
Manchester United are staying very tight lipped on any transfer targets, you get so many people posting dream signings rather than realistic, as far as im aware of anything solid, its that united are after a few defenders and maybe a centre midfielder, ie modric. regarding wingers and strikers, fergies more than happy with what we have.
As a Stoke fan I couldn't care less about Leeds. Try worrying about your own club and division.
Why is it, that when any club has a new owner they automatically think its going turn into a major spending spree and promotion.
It doesn't work, Watford, Leeds, forest, even my beloved port vale think the same.
Leeds are a big club, no doubting that and I wish you every success next season you get back to where you belong, but don't get your hopes up about signing big name players..... It probably will not happen!
By the way, stoke are streets ahead of Leeds utd at the moment and I can't see that changing any time soon.
LUFC spent force years before the good times return.
Anyone know when fabio to QPR on loan being confirmed?
Its not happening, it was rumoured he would go abroad but is now saying he would rather stay in england. sales to QPR, Sunderland and Totenham are rumoured.
All this hate towards Reading is a little baffling, but very welcome nonetheless.
The signing of Pogrebnyak and Guthrie, as well as McCleary have all helped raise the clubs profile.
£8m bids to bring Gylfi Sigurdsson back were ambitious, and unlikely, but nevertheless, fantastic show of intent.
Now Reading are close to adding £5.5m Jordan Rhodes, contrary to the locals on here pleading he will stay. No he wont, and Grayson knows this. He is determind to get Sean Morrison as part of the deal, and this has been key to putting Reading firmly in the driving seat.
Reading have also offered Junior Hoilett 45k a week. No sensible Reading fan expect this to happen, but again it's a great sign of intent.
Robert Koren is also set to sign for £700,000 on a 2 year deal.
Reading have upped their respective bids for Adrian Mariappa and Chris Gunter, but these are dependant on their respective new owners being prepared to sell.
Reading are set to be given the go-ahead to upgrade their impressive academy to Cat 1 status, bringing it in line with Europe's top clubs.
Plans are being put in place early for the East Stand expansion next summer. This was going to be dependant on Premiership Survival, but the club will expand the East Stand to bring capacity to 31,000 next summer.
The following summer will see the North and South Stands expanded, bringing capacity to 38,300.
Not hatred but just many getting fed up of the ludicrous rumours. Nice club Reading but suddenly believing that you'll sign top top players is getting tiresome. Guthrie about the standard you can expect but no shame in that.
Last time we were in the PL we filled it every week and had to turn fans away, so of course they'll need to expand.
BTW, LOL at West Ham and the Olympic Stadium.. Good luck with that LOL.
They had a successful period for a short few years, but did little before and nothing after. They are nothing like a giant!
Danny Guthrie has signed for Reading on a three year deal. He signed on a free transfer on friday afternoon. Pavel Pogrebneyak has accepted a bid from Reading and is sorting out his work permit.
Good on them! Leaving Southampton and West Ham behind.
Should be mid-table next season.
are these new forest owners as rich as man citys, psg, malaga owners?
Leeds United are ready to pounce on Jordan Rhodes with the scottish international wanting to join his fellow scottish man Robert Snodgrass, this may include a part exchange with Adam Clayton and Ross McCormack, with around 500k also as a fee for the Scot Rhodes. This deal depends on the takeover that is looming at Elland Road.
Don't be silly. If Rhodes leaves it's for the Premiership. Warnock play will not suit Rhodes.
Rhodes to Leeds in exchange for Mccormack? No offense to Mccormack but he wouldnt even replace rhodes's bootlaces. This is not true! Grow up!
LOLz at Rhodes going to LOLeeds.
Liverpool want to get their hands on £10 million Midfielder Ibrahim Afellay. Afellay is keen on joining the reds but Tottenham are also intrested in the Barcelona starlet.
New signings: Jussi, Hendo, McCartney, Diame. Expected to follow soon: Mangane and Richardson.
Further info from my man on the inside at Molineux, with the arrival of FC Copenhagens assistant Johan Lange on Monday, Wolves will almost certainly make a move for their Costa Rican Left Back Bryan Oviedo, to begin the restructing of the defence. Not heard of him personally but a bid will be made at some point.
Scott Sinclair will sign for Fulham next week in a 5m deal.
Alan McGregor will sign for Fulham to this week.
Real Madrid want Lucas Moura.


text:
WEF's 'Living Laboratory': Japan Building Futuristic 'Smart City' Filled With Robots, Autonomous Vehicles, 24hr Surveillance
Posted by JD Rucker | Jan 15, 2023 | Posted Links 2, The Liberty Daily | 0 |
https://rairfoundation.com/wefs-living-laboratory-japan-building-futuristic-smart-city-filled-with-robots-autonomous-vehicles-24hr-surveillance-video/
Japan is building a futuristic 175-acre 'smart city,' much to the delight of the World Economic Forum, which recently made a video highlighting the Globalist creation. Artificial intelligence, self-driving cars, futuristic food, and robots will be found in the government-monitored "Woven City," created by Toyota.
In May 2020, Japan's government passed a revised bill paving the way for so-called "smart cities." The bill will remove "regulatory" hurdles and "complexity," which can delay or prevent the roll-out of smart city applications. Similar to during the Covid pandemic, when governments lifted restrictions to intact their tyrannical mandates and lockdowns under the pretense of various emergency measures.
Supporters like Toyota and the WEF tout their cities as high-tech marvels where the public and private sectors use artificial intelligence and big data to provide more efficient and cost-effective solutions to "social" and so-called environmental problems. However, opponents warn that data collection and leaks will lead to privacy violations and a surveillance state. Furthermore, they are laying the foundation for a Chinese-style social credit system that will give them the power to control citizens and punish those they deem "untrustworthy."
AI, self-driving cars, robotics and more… all in one place.
Find out more about our upcoming Global Technology Governance Summit: https://t.co/NgtNBtUBny #GTGS21 pic.twitter.com/j3ZDXcmTM0
— World Economic Forum (@wef) March 31, 2021
Human Guinea Pigs
The city will become a 'living lab' to test new technologies, including self-driving cars and robots. Toyota sees the city as a "unique opportunity" that will allow researchers, engineers, and scientists to test and iterate on developing technology in a controlled, "real-world environment." They also see it as an opportunity to collaborate with other business partners, and they encourage interested parties to conduct their own research in Woven City once it is completed:
Toyota will extend an open invitation to collaborate with other commercial and academic partners and invite interested scientists and researchers from around the world to come work on their own projects in this one-of-a-kind, real-world incubator.
At a press conference in 2020, Toyota's CEO Akio Toyoda described the living laboratory:
On this 175 acre site… in Higashi-Fuji, Japan… we have decided to build a prototype town of the future… where people live… work… play… and participate in a living laboratory.
Imagine, a fully controlled site… that would allow researchers… engineers… and scientists… the opportunity to freely test technology… such as… autonomy, mobility as a service, robotics, smart home connected technology… AI… and more… in a real world environment.
Human beings will be the figurative guinea pigs, so what could possibly go wrong?
Big Brother is always watching
Three types of roads are being built in the city: one for pedestrians, one for bicycles and scooters, and one for self-driving vehicles. In addition, a fleet of Toyota's self-driving electric vehicles, called e-Palettes, will be used for transportation, deliveries, and mobile retail throughout the city.
Beneath the ground, there will be a fourth pathway specifically for the movement of goods, where the city's logistics network will also be installed.
Houses are made of wood to 'minimize the carbon footprint, using traditional Japanese wood joinery combined with robotic production methods." Sensors controlled by artificial intelligence monitor the health of the inhabitants. Woven City even has its own futuristic food & agriculture team to control what foods residents eat. Robotic technologies (see here and here) will assist with daily needs. For example, according to Toyota, robots who will live in your home can determine when you run out of milk.
The planned city will feature multiple parks and a large central plaza for social gatherings. In addition, hydrogen fuel cells and solar panels will provide the city with energy.
In other words: Big Brother is constantly watching everything you do and is ready to step in and offer "help." Furthermore, your data will be collected, and "others" will be able to access and "use" it." Toyota's CEO explained:
We ill create a one-of-a-kind digital operating system for our city.
One that perhaps others will be able to use.
With people… buildings… and vehicles… all connected and communicating with each other through data and sensors… we will be able to test AI technology… in both the virtual and the physical world… maximizing its potential.
We want to turn artificial intelligence… into intelligence amplified.
Toyota is building the city at the base of Japan's Mount Fuji, about 62 miles from Tokyo. Within the next five years, 360 elderly people, families, and inventors will move into the first homes. Eventually, 2000 people will live there. So if the Globalists have their way, we will soon live in one of their controlled and monitored cities. Are you looking forward to a utopia in which you owe nothing, in which you eat bugs, in which a chip in your body is linked to a social credit system that tells a global government all they need to know about you?
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package io.mewbase.log;

import io.mewbase.bson.BsonObject;
import io.mewbase.common.SubDescriptor;
import io.mewbase.server.LogReadStream;
import io.mewbase.server.ServerOptions;
import io.mewbase.server.impl.log.FramingOps;
import io.mewbase.server.impl.log.HeaderOps;
import io.mewbase.server.impl.log.LogImpl;
import io.mewbase.server.impl.log.LogReadStreamImpl;
import io.vertx.ext.unit.Async;
import io.vertx.ext.unit.TestContext;
import io.vertx.ext.unit.junit.VertxUnitRunner;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

import static org.junit.Assert.fail;

/**
 * Created by tim on 08/10/16.
 */
@RunWith(VertxUnitRunner.class)
public class StreamTest extends LogTestBase {

    private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StreamTest.class);

    private final static int RECORD_BYTE_COST = 31; // Bytes

    private BsonObject event = new BsonObject().put("foo", "bar").put("num", 0);
    private int recordLen = FramingOps.FRAME_SIZE + event.encode().length() + RECORD_BYTE_COST;
    private int numObjects = 100;

    @Test
    public void test_stream_single_file_less_than_max_file_size(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * (numObjects + 10);
        int expectedFileLength = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + (recordLen * numObjects);
        test_stream(testContext, numObjects, fileSize, ServerOptions.DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE, recordLen,
                0, expectedFileLength, recordLen);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_single_file_equal_to_max_file_size(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * numObjects ;
        int expectedFileLength = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + (recordLen * numObjects);
        test_stream(testContext, numObjects, fileSize, ServerOptions.DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE, recordLen,
                0, expectedFileLength, recordLen);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_two_files_fill_first_exactly(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * (numObjects - 1) ;
        int expectedFileLength = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen;
        test_stream(testContext, numObjects, fileSize, ServerOptions.DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE, recordLen,
                1, expectedFileLength, recordLen);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_two_files_fill_first_with_empty_space(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * (numObjects - 1) + (recordLen / 2)  ;
        int expectedFileLength = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen;
        test_stream(testContext, numObjects, fileSize, ServerOptions.DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE, recordLen,
                1, expectedFileLength, recordLen);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_two_files_fill_both_exactly(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * numObjects / 2 ;
        test_stream(testContext, numObjects, fileSize, ServerOptions.DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE, recordLen,
                1, fileSize  , recordLen);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_five_files_with_empty_space(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * (numObjects / 5) + (recordLen / 2) ;
        int expectedFileLength = 1584;  // should have a relationship to above
        test_stream(testContext, numObjects, fileSize, ServerOptions.DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE, recordLen,
                4, expectedFileLength, recordLen);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_five_files_fill_all_exactly(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * numObjects / 5 ;
        test_stream(testContext, numObjects, fileSize, ServerOptions.DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE, recordLen,
                4, fileSize , recordLen);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_single_file_less_than_max_file_size_small_rb(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * (numObjects + 10) ;
        int expectedFileLength = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * numObjects;
        test_stream(testContext, numObjects, fileSize, recordLen - 1, recordLen,
                0, expectedFileLength, recordLen);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_single_file_equal_to_max_file_size_small_rb(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * numObjects ;
        test_stream(testContext, numObjects, fileSize, recordLen - 1, recordLen,
                0, fileSize, recordLen);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_two_files_fill_first_exactly_small_rb(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * (numObjects - 1) ;
        int expectedFileLength = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen;
        test_stream(testContext, numObjects, fileSize, recordLen - 1, recordLen,
                1, expectedFileLength, recordLen);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_two_files_fill_first_with_empty_space_small_rb(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * (numObjects - 1) + (recordLen / 2) ;
        int expectedFileLength = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen;
        test_stream(testContext, numObjects, fileSize, recordLen - 1, recordLen,
                1, expectedFileLength, recordLen);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_two_files_fill_both_exactly_small_rb(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * numObjects / 2 ;
        test_stream(testContext, numObjects, fileSize, recordLen - 1, recordLen,
                1, fileSize, recordLen);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_five_files_with_empty_space_small_rb(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * (numObjects / 5) + (recordLen / 2) ;
        int expectedFileLength = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * (numObjects / 5);
        test_stream(testContext, numObjects, fileSize, recordLen - 1, recordLen,
                4, expectedFileLength, recordLen);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_five_files_fill_all_exactly_small_rb(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * numObjects / 5 ;
        test_stream(testContext, numObjects, fileSize, recordLen - 1, recordLen,
                4, fileSize , recordLen);
    }

    protected void test_stream(TestContext testContext, int numObjects, int maxLogChunkSize, int readBuffersize,
                               int maxRecordSize, int expectedEndFile, int expectedEndFileLength, int objLen) throws Exception {
        test_stream(testContext, numObjects, numObjects, maxLogChunkSize, readBuffersize, maxRecordSize, expectedEndFile, expectedEndFileLength,
                objLen, 0);
    }

    protected void test_stream(TestContext testContext, int numAppendObjects, int numReadObjects, int maxLogChunkSize, int readBuffersize,
                               int maxRecordSize, int expectedEndFile, int expectedEndFileLength, int objLen,
                               long startEventNum)
            throws Exception {
        serverOptions = origServerOptions().
                        setMaxLogChunkSize(maxLogChunkSize).
                        setReadBufferSize(readBuffersize).
                        setMaxRecordSize(maxRecordSize);
        startLog();

        BsonObject obj = new BsonObject().put("foo", "bar").put("num", 0);
        publishObjectsSequentially(numAppendObjects, i -> obj.copy().put("num", i));

        Async async = testContext.async();
        AtomicInteger cnt = new AtomicInteger();
        int offset = numAppendObjects - numReadObjects;

        LogReadStream rs = log.subscribe(new SubDescriptor().setChannel(TEST_CHANNEL_1).setStartEventNum(startEventNum));
        rs.handler((recordNum, record) -> {
            // event is good
            BsonObject event = record.getBsonObject("event");
            testContext.assertEquals("bar", event.getString("foo"));
            // is record number agreed
            long expectedRecordNum = cnt.get() + offset;
            testContext.assertEquals(expectedRecordNum, (long)event.getInteger("num"));
            testContext.assertEquals(expectedRecordNum, recordNum);

            if (cnt.incrementAndGet() == numReadObjects) {
                rs.close();
                testContext.assertEquals(expectedEndFile, log.getFileNumber());
                // Check the lengths of the files
                File[] files = super.listLogFiles(logsDir, TEST_CHANNEL_1);
                String headFileName = getLogFileName(TEST_CHANNEL_1, log.getFileNumber());
                String preallocedFileName = getLogFileName(TEST_CHANNEL_1, log.getFileNumber() + 1);
                for (File f : files) {
                    String fname = f.getName();
                    if (fname.equals(headFileName)) {
                        testContext.assertEquals((long)expectedEndFileLength, f.length());
                    } else if (!fname.equals(preallocedFileName)) {
                        testContext.assertEquals((long)maxLogChunkSize, f.length());
                    }
                }
                async.complete();
            }
        });
        rs.start();
    }

    @Test
    //@Repeat(value = 1000)
    public void test_pause_resume_in_retro(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * 20;
        serverOptions = origServerOptions().setMaxLogChunkSize(fileSize).
                setReadBufferSize(ServerOptions.DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE).setMaxRecordSize(recordLen);
        startLog();
        BsonObject obj = new BsonObject().put("foo", "bar").put("num", 0);
        publishObjectsSequentially(numObjects, i -> obj.copy().put("num", i));

        LogReadStreamImpl rs = (LogReadStreamImpl)log.subscribe(new SubDescriptor().setChannel(TEST_CHANNEL_1).setStartEventNum(0));
        Async async = testContext.async();
        AtomicInteger cnt = new AtomicInteger();
        AtomicBoolean paused = new AtomicBoolean();
        rs.handler((recordNum, record) -> {
            // should not deliver when paused
            testContext.assertFalse(paused.get());

            // event is good
            BsonObject event = record.getBsonObject("event");
            testContext.assertEquals("bar", event.getString("foo"));
            // is record number agreed
            testContext.assertEquals(cnt.get(), event.getInteger("num"));
            testContext.assertEquals((long)cnt.get(), recordNum);

            if (cnt.incrementAndGet() == numObjects) {
                rs.close();
                async.complete();
            }
            // Pause every 5 msgs
            if (cnt.get() % 5 == 0) {
                rs.pause();
                paused.set(true);
                vertx.setTimer(10, tid -> {
                    paused.set(false);
                    rs.resume();
                });
            }
        });
        rs.start();
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_from_non_zero_position(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * numObjects / 5 + recordLen / 2;
        int startEvent = 50;
        int expectedFileLength = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * numObjects / 5;
                test_stream(testContext, 100, 50, fileSize, recordLen - 1, recordLen,
                4, expectedFileLength , recordLen, startEvent);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_from_negative_position(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * 20;
        serverOptions = origServerOptions().setMaxLogChunkSize(fileSize).
                setReadBufferSize(ServerOptions.DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE).setMaxRecordSize(recordLen);
        startLog();
        BsonObject obj = new BsonObject().put("foo", "bar").put("num", 0);
        publishObjectsSequentially(numObjects, i -> obj.copy().put("num", i));

        try {
            LogReadStream rs = log.subscribe(new SubDescriptor().setChannel(TEST_CHANNEL_1).setStartEventNum(-2));
            fail("Should throw exception");
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            // OK
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_from_past_head(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * 20;
        serverOptions = origServerOptions().setMaxLogChunkSize(fileSize).
                setReadBufferSize(ServerOptions.DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE).setMaxRecordSize(recordLen);
        startLog();
        BsonObject obj = new BsonObject().put("foo", "bar").put("num", 0);
        publishObjectsSequentially(numObjects, i -> obj.copy().put("num", i));

        try {
            LogReadStream rs = log.subscribe(new SubDescriptor().setChannel(TEST_CHANNEL_1).setStartEventNum(((LogImpl)log).getLastWrittenSeq() + 1));
            fail("Should throw exception");
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            // OK
        }
    }

    @Test
    //@Repeat(value = 10000)
    public void test_stream_from_last_written(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {

        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * numObjects + 10;
        serverOptions = origServerOptions().
                        setMaxLogChunkSize(fileSize).
                        setReadBufferSize(ServerOptions.DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE).
                        setMaxRecordSize(recordLen);

        startLog();
        BsonObject obj = new BsonObject().put("foo", "bar").put("num", 0);
        publishObjectsSequentially(numObjects, i -> obj.copy().put("num", i));

        long lastWritten = ((LogImpl)log).getLastWrittenSeq();
        LogReadStream rs = log.subscribe(new SubDescriptor().setChannel(TEST_CHANNEL_1).setStartEventNum(lastWritten));

        Async async1 = testContext.async();
        Async async2 = testContext.async();
        AtomicInteger cnt = new AtomicInteger(numObjects - 1);
        rs.handler((recordNum, record) -> {
            // event is good
            BsonObject event = record.getBsonObject("event");
            testContext.assertEquals("bar", event.getString("foo"));
            // is record number agreed
            testContext.assertEquals(cnt.get(), event.getInteger("num"));
            testContext.assertEquals((long)cnt.get(), recordNum);
            testContext.assertEquals("bar", event.getString("foo"));

            int currCount = cnt.get();
            if (currCount == numObjects - 1) {
                async1.complete();
            }

            if (cnt.incrementAndGet() == numObjects * 2) {
                rs.close();
                async2.complete();
            }
        });
        rs.start();

        // Append some more after the head has been consumed - log will then switch into live mode

        async1.await();

        publishObjectsSequentially(numObjects, i -> obj.copy().put("num", i + numObjects));
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stream_active_from_zero(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * numObjects + 10;
        serverOptions = origServerOptions().setMaxLogChunkSize(fileSize).
                setReadBufferSize(ServerOptions.DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE).setMaxRecordSize(recordLen);
        startLog();
        BsonObject obj = new BsonObject().put("foo", "bar").put("num", 0);

        LogReadStreamImpl rs = (LogReadStreamImpl)log.subscribe(new SubDescriptor().setChannel(TEST_CHANNEL_1).setStartEventNum(-1));

        Async async = testContext.async();
        AtomicInteger cnt = new AtomicInteger();
        rs.handler((recordNum, record) -> {
            // event is good
            BsonObject event = record.getBsonObject("event");
            testContext.assertEquals("bar", event.getString("foo"));
            // is record number agreed
            testContext.assertEquals(cnt.get(), event.getInteger("num"));
            testContext.assertEquals((long)cnt.get(), recordNum);

            testContext.assertFalse(rs.isRetro());
            if (cnt.incrementAndGet() == numObjects) {
                rs.close();
                async.complete();
            }
        });
        rs.start();

        publishObjectsSequentially(numObjects, i -> obj.copy().put("num", i));
    }

    @Test
    //@Repeat(value=10000)
    public void test_pause_resume_active_retro_active(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * numObjects + 10;
        serverOptions = origServerOptions().setMaxLogChunkSize(fileSize).
                setReadBufferSize(ServerOptions.DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE).setMaxRecordSize(recordLen);
        startLog();
        BsonObject obj = new BsonObject().put("foo", "bar").put("num", 0);

        LogReadStreamImpl rs = (LogReadStreamImpl)log.subscribe(new SubDescriptor().setChannel(TEST_CHANNEL_1).setStartEventNum(-1));

        Async async1 = testContext.async();
        Async async2 = testContext.async();
        AtomicInteger cnt = new AtomicInteger();
        testContext.assertFalse(rs.isRetro());
        rs.handler((recordNum, record) -> {
            // event is good
            BsonObject event = record.getBsonObject("event");
            testContext.assertEquals("bar", event.getString("foo"));
            // is record number agreed
            testContext.assertEquals(cnt.get(), event.getInteger("num"));
            testContext.assertEquals((long)cnt.get(), recordNum);

            int currCount = cnt.get();
            if (currCount == numObjects / 2 - 1) {
                // When received half the messages pause then resume after a few ms,
                //log will then be in retro mode
                testContext.assertFalse(rs.isRetro());
                rs.pause();
                vertx.setTimer(10, tid -> {
                    rs.resume();
                    testContext.assertTrue(rs.isRetro());
                });
            }

            if (cnt.incrementAndGet() == numObjects) {
                async1.complete();
            }
            if (cnt.get() == numObjects * 2) {
                rs.close();
                async2.complete();
            }
        });
        rs.start();

        publishObjectsSequentially(numObjects, i -> obj.copy().put("num", i));

        async1.await();

        // Now send some more messages - sub should be active again

        publishObjectsSequentially(numObjects, i -> obj.copy().put("num", i + numObjects));
    }

    @Test
    public void test_pause_resume_active_active(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * numObjects + 10;
        serverOptions = origServerOptions().setMaxLogChunkSize(fileSize).
                setReadBufferSize(ServerOptions.DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE).setMaxRecordSize(recordLen);
        startLog();
        BsonObject obj = new BsonObject().put("foo", "bar").put("num", 0);

        LogReadStreamImpl rs = (LogReadStreamImpl)log.subscribe(new SubDescriptor().setChannel(TEST_CHANNEL_1).setStartEventNum(-1));

        testContext.assertFalse(rs.isRetro());

        Async async1 = testContext.async();
        Async async2 = testContext.async();
        AtomicInteger cnt = new AtomicInteger();
        rs.handler((recordNum, record) -> {
            BsonObject event = record.getBsonObject("event");
            // event is good ??
            testContext.assertEquals("bar", event.getString("foo"));
            // All agreed on the object number
            int currCount = cnt.get();
            testContext.assertEquals((long)currCount, recordNum);
            testContext.assertEquals(currCount, event.getInteger("num"));

            testContext.assertFalse(rs.isRetro());
            if (cnt.incrementAndGet() == numObjects) {
                // Pause then resume. Don't publish any more messages when paused so consumer stays
                // active
                rs.pause();
                vertx.setTimer(10, tid -> {
                    rs.resume();
                    testContext.assertFalse(rs.isRetro());
                    async1.complete();
                });

            }
            if (cnt.get() == numObjects * 2) {
                testContext.assertFalse(rs.isRetro());
                rs.close();
                async2.complete();
            }
        });
        rs.start();

        publishObjectsSequentially(numObjects, i -> obj.copy().put("num", i));

        async1.await();

        // Now send some more messages - should stay active

        publishObjectsSequentially(numObjects, i -> obj.copy().put("num", i + numObjects));

    }

    @Test
    //@Repeat(value = 10000)
    public void test_stream_multiple(TestContext testContext) throws Exception {

        int fileSize = HeaderOps.HEADER_SIZE + recordLen * (numObjects / 5) + recordLen / 2 + (FramingOps.FRAME_SIZE + Integer.BYTES);
        serverOptions = origServerOptions().setMaxLogChunkSize(fileSize).
                setReadBufferSize(ServerOptions.DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE).setMaxRecordSize(recordLen);
        startLog();
        BsonObject obj = new BsonObject().put("foo", "bar").put("num", 0);

        publishObjectsSequentially(numObjects, i -> obj.copy().put("num", i));

        LogReadStreamImpl rs1 = (LogReadStreamImpl)log.subscribe(new SubDescriptor().setChannel(TEST_CHANNEL_1).setStartEventNum(0));
        LogReadStreamImpl rs2 = (LogReadStreamImpl)log.subscribe(new SubDescriptor().setChannel(TEST_CHANNEL_1).setStartEventNum(0));

        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(2);
        AtomicInteger counter1 = new AtomicInteger();
        AtomicInteger counter2 = new AtomicInteger();

        handleRecords(rs1, counter1, testContext, latch);
        handleRecords(rs2, counter2, testContext, latch);

        latch.await();
    }

    private void handleRecords(LogReadStreamImpl rs, AtomicInteger counter, TestContext testContext, CountDownLatch latch) {

        rs.handler((recordNum, record) -> {
            // event is good
            BsonObject event = record.getBsonObject("event");
            testContext.assertEquals("bar", event.getString("foo"));
            // is record number agreed
            testContext.assertEquals(counter.get(), event.getInteger("num"));
            testContext.assertEquals((long)counter.get(), recordNum);

            if (counter.incrementAndGet() == numObjects) {
                rs.close();
                latch.countDown();
            }
        });
        rs.start();
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you have any questions feel free to contact us. And if you'd like some help getting your application in order this year we'd love to work with you. Just let us know. Our instructors have MFAs from Iowa, Michener, UC-Irvine, Michigan, and beyond. We'd love to help.


text:
Q: boost::any library doesn't compile: "Array used as initializer" error I'm using boost::any (among other Boost functionalities) in a C++ project.
The following compiles just fine on my Mac (MacBook Pro Retina running the latest version of Mavericks) with g++:
#include <boost/any.hpp>

but when I use Ubuntu Linux with g++ using the same compilation settings / flags, I get the following error:
In file included from /home/alexandergunnarson/Documents/Source Code/byu/library/collections.cpp:11:0,
                 from /home/alexandergunnarson/Documents/Source Code/byu/library/collections.h:4,
                 from /home/alexandergunnarson/Documents/Source Code/byu/library/main.cpp:16:
/usr/include/boost/any.hpp: In instantiation of 'boost::any::holder<ValueType>::holder(const ValueType&) [with ValueType = char [5]]':
/usr/include/boost/any.hpp:52:49:   required from 'boost::any::any(const ValueType&) [with ValueType = char [5]]'
/home/alexandergunnarson/Documents/Source Code/byu/library/main.cpp:149:22:   required from here
/usr/include/boost/any.hpp:169:27: error: array used as initializer
               : held(value)
                       ^

collections.cpp:11:0 is referring to is the #include <boost/any.hpp> statement.
I'm using g++ 4.9 from Sublime Text 3 with Ubuntu 14.04.
Is this a Boost problem or what?
Thanks for your help!
Updated:
As T.C. used his "psychic powers" to predict, I was trying to cast string literals to boost::any. Now the code works after having gone through and put some string literals in a string constructor and edited some relevant functions.

A: My psychic powers say that you are trying to put a string literal inside a boost::any. This isn't allowed; string literals are arrays of const chars and arrays are not CopyConstructible, which boost::any requires.
Instead of
boost::any t("foo");

use
boost::any t(+"foo");

to force the array to decay to a pointer, or
boost::any t(std::string("foo")); // or "foo"s in C++14

to make it store a std::string instead.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Ron Wood va a mostrar sus obras de arte plástico en una exhibición en Londres el próximo mes.
Ron Wood will display their works of fine art at an exhibition in London next month.
The exhibition, which responds to the name Ronnie Wood's Faces And Places Time, it will consist of 100 paintings and drawings created under the hand of the guitarist who can be seen from the 7th to November 12th at The Gallery in Cork Street.
'People do not know that I am an artist. Playing music as part of a team effort is wonderful, but express individuality as an artist is very personal. Art is more powerful, it is an individual statement. "
The clean and jerk to make public his work as a painter seems to have come from several friends first conceptual artist Damien Hirst, who supported him in his career by buying materials to express themselves freely through their gestural features.
And the American billionaire Bernie Chase, who is possessed of much of his work and offered himself as co-curator said: "Ronnie played and remained friends with everyone: George Harrison, Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton, Pete Townshend, all iconic rockers.His art tells the story of rock and roll.
Sir. Peter Blake at the Royal Academy said that Wood deserves to be taken into account as a serious artist, "I believe that people are not given credit because it is a rock star, but draw and paint very well."
While Edward Lucie-Smith, an art historian said: "Ronnie is in the top flight musicians, but also a fully trained artist, and it shows."
Wood has studied art and a fixed studio in London but regularly travels through other parts of Europe to study the works of the great masters of painting and find in them inspiration. Regularly Madrid is seen by looking at the works of Goya and Velasquez or Paris, visiting the Musée D'Orsay.
Ronnie Wood lleva a su nueva novia "Nicola Sargent" y algunas amigas a cenar en el restaurante de Julie en Notting Hill, Londres. Una de sus amigas cayó accidentalmente en su camino hacia el restaurante. La nueva pareja abandonó el restaurante con bolsas desde el Hotel Mandarin Oriental.
Ronnie Wood takes his new girlfriend "Nicola Sargent" and a few female friends to dinner at Julie's restaurant in Notting Hill, London. One of their friends accidentally slipped on their way into the restaurant . The new couple left the restaurant with bags from the Mandarin Oriental Hotel.
Ronnie Wood lleva a su nueva novia Nicola Sargent y algunas amigas a cenar en el restaurante de Julie en Notting Hill, Londres.
Alexandra Richards attends Victoria Derby Day at Flemington Racecourse on October 29, 2011 in Melbourne, Australia.
El fuego sigue ardiendo con Ronnie Wood, como el legendario guitarrista de los Rolling Stones y artista consumado desde hace más de 50 años, presenta su primera colección de obras de arte. La Suite de Famous Flames se centra en los cuatro miembros reconocible al instante de The Rolling Stones - Mick,Keith, Charlie y Ronnie -, mientras que los Stones en el escenario - un brillantemente Got Me Rockin capta la energía cruda de la banda liderada por un Mick Jagger arrogante. Pintura a todo gas, y con la destreza técnica, Ronnie le da al amante del arte una visión de primera fila estimulante y emocionante de los Stones en el escenario, como sus pinturas vibrantes transmitiendo la electricidad de una actuación en directo. La intensidad que Ronnie Wood lleva a su guitarra en el escenario es brillante se hizo eco sobre lienzo y papel que traduce la crudeza de una actuación de los Rolling Stones a través de las líneas rítmicas,colores vivos y las expresiones faciales increíblemente precisa.
The fire still burns with Ronnie Wood, as the legendary guitarist with The Rolling Stones and accomplished artist for over 50 years, unveils his debut collection of fine art. The Famous Flames Suite focuses on the four instantly recognisable members of The Rolling Stones - Mick, Keith, Charlie and Ronnie - whilst The Stones on Stage - Got Me Rockin' brilliantly captures the raw energy of the band fronted by swaggering Mick Jagger. Painting at full throttle, and with technical prowess, Wood gives the art lover an exhilarating and thrilling front row view of the Stones on stage, as his vibrant paintings convey the electricity of a live performance. The intensity that Ronnie Wood brings to his guitar playing on stage is brilliantly echoed on canvas and paper as he translates the rawness of a Rolling Stones performance through rhythmic lines, bold colours and awesomely accurate facial expressions.
Alexandra Richards DJs while attending a cocktail party at Roger Vivier in New York City.


I Am Boris Nemtsov…Enough Said! Now Share this Please!
My wonderful friend and assistant Photographer Paul-Antoine Goutal was interviewed for the blog lamaudlamaud.com. They graciously allowed us to repost the interview here on benjaminkanarekblmog.com.


text:
Literally Me (Hardcover)
By Julie Houts
Gallery Books, 9781501169519, 224pp.
LIVE. LAUGH. LOVE. Or EXIST. SMIRK. LURK.
Julie Houts has cultivated a devoted following as "Instagram's favorite illustrator" (Vogue) by lampooning the conflicting messages and images women consume and share with the world every day.
A collection of darkly comic illustrated essays, Literally Me chronicles the exploits of "slightly antisocial heroines" (Refinery29) in vivid, excruciatingly funny detail, including:
-The beauty routine of a deranged bride who aspires to be "truly without flaws" on her wedding day
-What happens when Kylie Jenner has an existential crisis and can no longer "step out"
-A journey to Coachella by the Four Horsewomen of the Apocalypse
-The true dating confessions of a fembot
-The terrifying description for Alice Staunch's book How to Be a Perfect Feminist
-The diary of Fiddle Ficus, a tree that lives inside a CÉLINE store, and much more
Literally Me marks the launch of a brilliant new social satirist. Julie's singular voice and beautiful illustrations reveal the truth about the absurdity of life in the social media age: the line between becoming a total "Girlboss" and a twenty-first-century American Psycho is razor-thin.
Julie Houts is an illustrator and former womenswear designer at J. Crew. She was raised in Fort Wayne, Indiana, and St. Louis, Missouri, before studying at The School of the Art Institute of Chicago and Parsons School of Design in New York. Her work has been featured in Vogue, Nylon, Man Repeller, Stylebop, Huffington Post, and Refinery29. She lives in Brooklyn. Visit her website JulieHouts.com.
Praise For Literally Me…
"I loved Literally Me. Julie Houts is the satirist we've been waiting for. She deconstructs what it means to be a woman today with dark absurdist humor drawn to perfection. Brilliant."
—Stephanie Danler, author of Sweetbitter
"[Houts] perfectly captures what it's like to be a woman in 2017."
"Houts skewers high fashion, the wedding-industrial complex, Instagram fame, and more. . . .This is truly funny work, but there is a darkness underneath . . . Houts's pithiness has earned her hundreds of thousands of Instagram followers, and it is on full display here."
"Instagram's favorite illustrator."
"Literally Me satirizes the fashion world's social mores, the trials and tribulations of dating, and ridiculous ways some brands market to women. Houts's accompanying essays echo the sharp, absurdist tones in her artwork."
"Delightfully absurdist."
"If you've got a smart, funny, slightly strange lady in your life, chances are she'll find plenty to relate to in Houts' charmingly off-kilter collection of drawings and essays."
"Houts' Instagram does what all great art does: It makes us feel seen. And, in this case, drawn. There's something about seeing your own somewhat private impulses shown back to you. 'Holy crap,' you think. 'I thought I was the only one.'"
"[Houts] has gained quite a following on Instagram thanks in part to her witty, all-too-real takes on modern work life (oh, joy, another depressing desk salad for lunch!) and modern love."


Homecraft Deluxe Sherwood Perching Stools has molded foam pads which gives extra durability and comfort. They promote hygiene and have no rough welds to catch skin. A textured surface helps prevent slipping.


To conclude Philippe Jordan's first season as Music Director of the Wiener Symphoniker, this August the Orchestra's eponymous label is releasing a new CD of Schubert's Symphonies No. 7 ("Unfinished") and No. 8 ("The Great" in C Major), which were recorded in the Wiener Musikverein. Schubert was also a central focus of Jordan's first season at the Wiener Symphoniker, in which a Schubert cycle brought all the symphonies by this, the most Viennese of composers, to the stage.


Automatchic Vision, puts the power of digital innovation into your hands. Traditional color matching techniques take time and experience to achieve the right result. The compact, hand-held Automatchic Vision spectrophotometer uses the latest digital technology for precise, reliable color measurements. It is easy to use and requires minimal training. To streamline processes, the latest version of Automatchic™ is wifi enabled. When combined with AkzoNobel's color retrieval software, you have access to more than two million colors and variants.
Automatchic™ was first launched in 1993, and has since become AkzoNobel's pioneering hand-held spectrophotometer. In its current form, in combination with our extensive database, it is the most accurate color-matching system available. Its high degree of accuracy dramatically reduces the likelihood of matching errors and eliminates the need to carry out re-works.


text:
Virtual Strides
Virtual Races with Medals for Charity!
Featured Runs
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Join Club VS
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Flower Power Virtual Run
*** SOLD OUT ***
Distances: 5k, 10k, Half Marathon
To Benefit: Cancer Research Institute
Club VS Member Price: $24
About this Virtual Run: Join the Flower Power virtual race to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Woodstock Music & Arts Festival. Register for a 5k, 10k, or half marathon distance and then run or walk whenever and wherever you want to earn this groovy 4″ VW bus medal. The colorful ribbon celebrates Peace, Love, Music, and Running, and it has an artificial sunflower attached!
For Martha - Rest in Peace.
About the Charity: The Cancer Research Institute is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization dedicated to harnessing our immune system's power to control and potentially cure all types of cancer. They fund the most innovative clinical and laboratory research around the world, support the next generation of the field's leaders, and serve as the trusted source of information on immunotherapy for cancer patients and their caregivers.
A portion of the proceeds from this virtual race (at least $5 from each registration) will be donated to the Cancer Research Institute. For more information about this charity or to make a direct contribution, please visit CancerResearch.org.
Copyright © 2021 VirtualStrides.com


Download MP3: I Believe by Joy Micah - Fastclick Media: Virtual & Real Estates.
I Believe is A gospel inspirational song that re-echoes our believe as christians. Assuring you that God will bring to fruition that which he has promised. I Believe is a Gospel song written by Joy Samuel (Joy Micah) a computer scientist based in the capital city of Nigeria.


BIRMINGHAM, Ala.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--First US Bank (the "Bank" or "FUSB") today announced that it will open its first commercial loan production office ("LPO") in the Birmingham market on April 4. The new LPO will be located at 300 Office Park Drive, Suite 175, off of U.S. Highway 280 in Mountain Brook. This location will serve as the Bank's 21st office statewide. The Office Park location will be home to the Birmingham commercial lending team as well as several members of the Bank's executive team, a number of whom reside in Birmingham. This announcement follows recent filings by United Security Bancshares, Inc. ("USBI"), the Bank's parent company, with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") highlighting the Bank's election to proceed to closing on the purchase of nearly three acres located along U.S. Highway 280 in Unincorporated Jefferson County. "We are pleased to add an office in the Birmingham Metro Area as our 21st location," commented President and CEO James F. House.
"Our Birmingham commercial team members, previously conducting business from other Bank locations, will make the Office Park location their new home as they seek to increase the First US Bank footprint in the metro area. We are committed to exceeding the expectations of our customers and believe that this new office location will significantly increase the level of service to our commercial customers," House said.
Established in 1952, First US Bank will continue to serve its customers through its 21 offices located in Brent, Butler, Calera, Centreville, Coffeeville, Columbiana, Fulton, Gilbertown, Grove Hill, Harpersville, Jackson, McCalla, Thomasville, Taylorville, Tuscaloosa, Woodstock, and now Birmingham. In October 2015, the Bank opened its 20th location at 2619 University Boulevard in downtown Tuscaloosa where a commercial lending team is located for the Tuscaloosa market. The Bank holds more than $570 million in assets, is a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and is an Equal Opportunity Lender. For more information, contact us at the Bank's website, www.firstusbank.com, or by mail to First US Bank, P. O. Box 249, Thomasville, AL 36784. USBI files periodic reports with the SEC. Copies of its filings may be obtained through the SEC's website at www.sec.gov or www.firstusbank.com.


text:
❧Defining Ways❧
Robert Cole – The Last Portal – PROMO Blitz
Published on November 9, 2016 October 27, 2016 by mariacatalinaeganLeave a comment
YA Sci-fi/Fantasy
Severe weather patterns – storms, floods and strong winds – are sweeping across planet Earth. Against this backdrop, three high school students, known and tormented for their strange abilities, fight their own battles against school bullies. The discovery of a strange key by their leader Chris Reynolds plunges all three through a portal into a sister world, Cathora, in another dimension. In this world, their behaviours, that labelled them as misfits on Earth, turn out to be the seeds of extraordinary powers.
They soon meet Batarr, the Guardian of the portal. He tells them they are not normal children, but are part of a group of six entities called Mytar who are periodically seeded throughout the dimensions to fight planetary invasions across these portals. Cathora has been invaded by an alien army, led by a creature known only as Zelnoff whose next target is Earth. The Mytar alone have the power to stop him if the other Mytar on Earth can be found. There ensues many struggles and battles as Chris, Susie and Joe seek to evade Zelnoff's forces long enough for their powers to develop so they can detect the remaining Mytar back on Earth.
As the first rays of sun filtered through the tree canopy, Batarr's forces assembled on the planet's surface. They had emerged from a narrow, moss-lined tunnel had been chiselled between two sandstone rock outcrops. Compared to the underground complex, the surface was a cold and windy place. A light dusting of frost clung to the ground and the wind whistled and tore at the gathering company. To ward off the cold, the Mytar had been fitted with garments that had been soaked in oil derived from the boiled skins of warm-blooded fish. This oil was renowned for its unique properties. In the cold weather it solidified, sealing in the body's warmth, while in hot weather it softened, allowing the skin to breathe.
Chris flexed his arms, twisted and crouched down into a squat. His clothes seemed to flex and mould themselves to fit the changing shape of his body. He pulled the hood of his jacket over his head and sniffed at the strange oily smell of the fabric.
"They're made from the finest material in the land." A deep, resonating voice jerked Chris out of his preoccupation with his clothes.
Chris looked up at a man over twice his size with dark, intense eyes buried above high cheek-bones and a long tapering jaw.
"I'm Altac, Leader of the Guard," the man said.
Altac smiled, and Chris noticed a pink scar running from the side of his mouth to the corner of his jaw.
"I'm Chris," he replied, feeling rather small and insignificant.
Altac brushed back some of the long curls of black hair that trailed down to his shoulder and bowed in what Chris assumed was this world's version of a handshake.
"I believe you need no introduction," he replied. "After all, aren't you the reason we are embarking on this little errand?"
Chris smiled uncertainly, trying with his new found talents to catch something of Altac's thoughts. He read admiration, mixed in with surprise at how young and small the Mytar were. Like so many of Batarr's soldiers, Altac thought that the Mytar had volunteered to come and save Cathora from Zelnoff. Chris swallowed back some of his guilt, thankful that Altac hadn't witnessed their behaviour when they first arrived.
Altac's smile slid away. "I suggest yourself and your fellow Mytar travel in the centre of the company, where you will be best protected at all times," he said, in a more solemn tone.
Chris nodded. Mingled with Altac's admiration, he picked up the concern for their vulnerability.
By this time Susie and Joe had appeared. Chris noticed that both their eyes widened at the sight of this man. He wore what appeared to be a chest plate made of thick hide and metal, and a long dagger was strapped to his hip. Slung over his shoulder was the same weapon Chris had seen Zelnoff's soldiers wearing in his vision. It looked a bit like a rifle, Chris thought, except it was shorter and bulkier. Altac greeted Susie and Joe with the same politeness he had shown Chris, bowing respectfully at each of them.
Joe circled Altac, paying particular attention to the weapon that hung by his side.
creature was gone.
Chris rolled onto his side. In front of him, the mountains towered into the clouds like a series of giant, white coated, metal spikes. The wind had dropped and the sun was beginning to break through the clouds. The warmth was magical. He crawled on his hands and knees higher up the beach, shivering uncontrollably in his wet clothes. Waves of exhaustion swept through him as he collapsed on his back. The rays of sun on his skin felt marvellous. He closed his eyes and thought he would sleep for just a moment.
Robert Cole was born and grew up in Sydney, Australia. After achieving a Bachelor of Science (Honours) at the Australian National University he travelled extensively and returned to Sydney to complete a Doctor of Philosophy in Molecular Biology. Following a Post-Doctoral Fellowship at Sydney University, he worked in a number of biotech companies and has numerous scientific publications.
Robert has always had an interest in writing speculative fiction, particularly with themes related to social and political issues. Recently he has published an Apocalyptic novel called "Nuclear Midnight," that reached number one on Amazon UK. His other areas of interest lie in children and teenage fiction, generated while raising three children.
Website: www.robertcole.com.au
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Jerry Brandenburg is a native Dallasite who graduated from Crozier Tech High School in 1954, and later received a B.S. in Math from UTA. He married Roneida Lake in September, 1966 and ha s seven children. He retired from Texas Instruments as an Operations Manager, TI-KOTE/BBr3/Waste, after 40 years of service and is a founding member of the TI Alumni Association.
He became fascinated by orchids, built a greenhouse (later enlarged to 1000 sq. ft.) to better grow them and joined the American Orchid Society in 1971. He became an accredited AOS judge in 1979, traveled nationally and internationally to judge orchid shows, served as President of the Greater North Texas Orchid Society and is a GNTOS Silver Member, chaired the Dallas Judging Center for nine years and was promoted to Judge Emeritus by AOS in 2015.
He also loves antique cars and restored a 1934 Ford five-window Coupe after he retired from TI which won many trophies at various car shows. He has a wicked sense of humor.


text:
William I. Troutman
William Irvin Troutman (January 13, 1905 – January 27, 1971) was a Republican U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania.
Troutman was born in Shamokin, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, he attended Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania where he was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Pi Fraternities.[1] After graduating in 1927, he attended the University of Pennsylvania Law School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, earning his law degree in 1930. He was admitted to the bar in 1930, practicing law in his hometown of Shamokin, Pennsylvania.
He was elected to Congress in 1942 as an at-large member and served until his resignation on January 2, 1945. In addition to his service in the United States House of Representatives, he was also member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Northumberland County and the Court of Common Pleas in Philadelphia. Troutman died in Shamokin, Pennsylvania. Interment at Odd Fellows Cemetery.
^ "Elections to Honorary and Professional Societies Reported" (PDF). The Emerald of Sigma Pi. Vol. 15 no. 1. April 1928. p. 21. , Pg. 21
United States Congress. "William I. Troutman (id: T000384)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
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Elmer J. Holland Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district
Samuel A. Weiss
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text:
Перестановкою скінченної множини  називається впорядкований набір без повторів із її елементів.

Перестановка — довільна бієкція . Усього існує  (факторіал) різних перестановок, де  (потужність множини (кількість елементів у ній)).

Нотація
Для зручності, перестановки розглядають над множиною  (будь-яку скінченну множину можна однозначно відобразити в цю множину).

У два рядки
Запис  означає, що  — перестановка множини  і  (кожне число у верхньому рядку матриці переводиться у відповідне число в нижньому рядку).

В один рядок
Уживанішим у літературі є запис перестановки в один рядок (верхній рядок не пишеться):

  (та сама перестановка, що і в прикладі запису у два рядки).

Циклічна

Циклом перестановки  називається така послідовність , що

Приклад:

Перестановка  має три цикли:

Циклічний запис перестановки — це запис через її цикли:

Так для перестановки з прикладу справедливим є запис:

Пов'язані означення

 Нерухомий елемент перестановки це елемент  Нерухомий елемент є циклом довжини 1.

 Транспозиція — перестановка, що міняє місцями два елементи. Транспозиція є циклом довжини 2.

 Інверсією в перестановці  називається пара індексів  така, що  та . Парність числа інверсій в перестановці визначає парність перестановки.

 Безлад — перестановка без нерухомих елементів.

 Декремент перестановки — це кількість елементів мінус кількість циклів. Парність декремента дорівнює парності перестановки.

Група перестановок

Перестановки скінченної множини  утворюють групу щодо операції множення перестановок (композиції).

Тотожна перестановка
Нейтральним елементом в групі перестановок є тотожна перестановка , для якої виконується:

Тотожна перестановка переводить множину саму в себе.

Добуток перестановок
Добуток перестановок — це послідовне виконання двох перестановок (композиція): Якщо  — перестановки, то:

 .

Наприклад, нехай маємо

Переставимо стовпці у , щоб її верхній ряд збігався із нижнім рядом

.

Обернений елемент
Кожна перестановка має обернену перестановку.

 перестановки  така що:

Алгоритми на перестановках

Алгоритм отримання всіх перестановок
Наведений нижче алгоритм дозволяє послідовно отримати всі перестановки скінченної множини. Для зручності будемо вважати, що елементами множини є числа від 1 до n, що записані у масив A.
 Спочатку  (В масиві записана тотожна перестановка)
 Проглядаючи елементи з кінця масиву, знаходимо найбільше  таке, що . Якщо такого не має, то завершуємо роботу.
 Знаходимо максимальне  таке, що
 Міняємо місцями -й і -й елементи:
 Перегортаємо частину масиву з -го по останній (-й) індекси включно:

 Отримана нова перестановка. Повертаємося до п. 2.

Аналіз складності алгоритму
Кількість елементів, що розглядаються чи опрацьовуються на кроках 3 і 5 не перевищує кількість елементів, що переглядаються на кроці 2. На кроці 4 завжди виконується тільки одна операція обміну елементів. Отже, визначальною для складності алгоритму є кількість операцій на кроці 2. Вона залежить від поточного стану множини і може змінюватися від 1 до n − 1. Для визначення складності алгоритму достатньо оцінити середню кількість операцій на кроці 2.

Кількість перестановок для яких на кроці 2 буде переглядатись рівно  елементів така — .

Середня кількість переглядів елементів на кроці 2 для всіх можливих перестановок:

Отже, в середньому на кроці 2 виконується менше ніж три перегляди елементів. Значить, такого ж порядку кількість операцій виконується на кроках 3 і 5. Звідси випливає, що отримання нової перестановки відбувається в середньому за константну кількість операцій , тоді складність алгоритму отримання всіх перестановок буде відповідно .

Приклад роботи
Для прикладу отримаємо всі перестановки множини з трьох елементів, розглянемо стани масиву на початку п. 2, а також відповідні індекси :

 A = (1, 2, 3) (i = 2, j = 3)
 A = (1, 3, 2) (i = 1, j = 3)
 A = (2, 1, 3) (i = 2, j = 3)
 A = (2, 3, 1) (i = 1, j = 2)
 A = (3, 1, 2) (i = 2, j = 3)
 A = (3, 2, 1) — завершення алгоритму.

Алгоритм послідовно отримав всі 6 можливих перестановок.

Алгоритм отримання кореня з перестановки
Коренем з перестановки  називається така перестановка , що .

Справедливе наступне твердження:  — перестановка . Звідси випливає, що . Якщо  парне, то  — корінь із перестановки.

, де НСК — найменше спільне кратне, а  — довжина i-го циклу в циклічному записі перестановки . Отже, якщо всі  непарні, то k — непарне, а k+1 — парне, і корінь з перестановки гарантовано існує (достатньо просто піднести початкову перестановку до відповідного степеня).

Цей розв'язок неприйнятний, якщо перестановка має цикли парної довжини. Але це не означає, що таки перестановки взагалі не мають коренів.

Теорема про існування кореня з перестановки
Корінь з перестановки існує тоді і тільки тоді, якщо  кількість циклів перестановки довжини  — парна.

Доведення
Спочатку доведемо необхідність умови. Припустимо існує корінь . Розглянемо циклічне представлення цієї перестановки: .

Якщо i-й цикл  має непарну довжину, то при піднесенні перестановки до квадрата, він перейде в цикл  — теж непарної довжини. Тобто якщо в перестановці якийсь елемент належав циклові непарної довжини, то і у квадраті цієї перестановки елемент буде належати циклові непарної довжини.

Якщо ж i-й цикл  має парну довжину, то при піднесенні перестановки до квадрата, він перейде у два цикли однакової довжини  і .

Цикли парної довжини у квадраті перестановки могли утворитись тільки з циклів парної довжини. А отже, якщо є один цикл парної довжини, то обов'язково існує і інший такої самої довжини.

Доведення достатності випливає з алгоритму знаходження кореня.

Опис алгоритму
 Представити перестановку в циклічному вигляді.
 Перевірити виконання умови теореми. Якщо не виконується, то корінь не існує — завершити роботу.
 Перетворити кожен цикл непарної довжини  на цикл
 Розділити цикли парної довжини на пари рівної довжини. Кожну пару циклів  і  об'єднати в один цикл

Оцінка складності
Кожен із 4 кроків алгоритму може бути виконаний за час , отже загальна складність — .

Приклад використання
Для прикладу знайдемо корінь з перестановки

 Циклічне представлення
 Циклів довжини два, парна кількість, умова теореми виконується.
 Перетворимо цикл непарної довжини
 Перетворимо пару циклів парної довжини

Шукана перестановка виглядає так: , легко переконатись, що .

Зауваження
Наведений алгоритм знаходить тільки один корінь, в загальному ж випадку коренів може бути декілька.

Перестановки з повторенням
Розглянемо n елементів m різних типів, причому в кожному типі всі елементи однакові. Тоді перестановки із всіх цих елементів з точністю до порядку розміщення однотипних елементів називаються перестановками з повторенням. Якщо ki — кількість елементів i-го типу, то  і кількість можливих перестановок з повтореннями дорівнює мультиноміальному коефіцієнту

Див. також
 Псевдовипадкова перестановка
 Підстановка
 Алгоритм сортування
 Розміщення

Джерела

 И. И. Ежов, А. В. Скороход, М. И. Ядренко. Элементы комбинаторики. Москва: Наука, 1977. — 80 с.

Факторіали і біноміальні коефіцієнти

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A trendy, urban bar close to the city centre, All Bar One Sheffield is a casual, welcoming restaurant serving a wide variety of European-inspired dishes. Boasting a towering wine display and a sleek, well-stocked bar, it is a member of the popular brand of city bars established in 1994.
All Bar One Sheffield is a 12-minute walk from Sheffield Rail Station.
Great menu selection, tapas was excellent.
Always love going to ABO. Service is excellent and food delicious. Wine can be pricey, but it is in the centre of town so to be expected. Highly recommend!
Good service for ordering food & drinks. It's a static menu so no treats or suprises if a regular customer yet a good range of options. Fabulous wine list.
As usual good food; good service; good atmosphere.
Staff were excellent. Friendly atmosphere.


Chicago— This holiday season, many will be tempted to turn to payday loans, auto title loans, or high-cost installment loans to purchase gifts. In fact, payday lenders make their greatest profits this time of year. With some of these loans carrying triple-digit interest rates, consumers can find themselves trapped in a cycle of debt, paying for gifts long after the holiday spirit has faded.
Some lenders are only too willing to take advantage of peoples' wishes for a happy holiday. What the lenders don't mention is that borrowers often end up taking out several more loans before they manage to pay off what they owe.
Purchasing an item with a payday loan effectively increases the cost of the item. Take this year's hottest toy — a Hatchimal. The toy retails for about $70. If you use a payday loan to buy it, you'll owe $154 (based on average number of rollovers at national average interest rate).
The Power Wheels 12-volt Wild Thing ride-on toy runs $330, but you'll pay $727 for it using a payday advance.
Just compare these list price gift items with what they'll cost a borrower who purchases them with money taken out as a payday loan. It's a Christmas shopping list on steroids!
• Seek out reputable consumer credit counseling services to assist with budgeting and help to work out debt repayment plans that will improve your financial welfare.
• Look for lower cost sources of credit at a credit union.
• Deal directly with creditors to negotiate a payment plan.
• Try to obtain an advance on wages earned from your employer.
• Start saving a little each paycheck so that you can weather unexpected expenses and drops in income. It is much cheaper to borrow from your savings than to pay high fees for two-week or three-month loans.
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau unveiled a proposed rule in June that would protect consumers from the worst excesses of the payday debt trap. The rule would allow payday lenders to make loans only if the borrower can afford to pay it off without having to immediately turn around and take out a new loan—or go without basic necessities such as food and shelter. An estimated 1.4 million comments flooded into the CFPB about the proposed rule, including a comment from Woodstock Institute, Citizen Action/Illinois, and the Egan Campaign for Payday Loan Reform.
The CFPB proposed payday rule has not been finalized and faces strong industry opposition and potential opposition from the new Trump administration. Woodstock encourages people to contact their members of Congress to voice support for the common sense CFPB payday rule.


Central Stockfeed Grower Mash for feeding replacement pullets from 6-8 weeks of age until 18 weeks and the onset of lay. This is an excellent feed to get pullets off to a great start in life. Central Stockfeed Grower Mash contains a full range of vitamins and minerals essential for growing strong and healthy pullets. This grain based feed contains 65% milled grain along with the vitamins, minerals and other ingredients to provide the young chick with a quality balanced feed. Your chicks will love this feed and grow into healthy strong hens. After 18 weeks or at the start of lay feed Central Stockfeed Layer pellets or Layer Mash as a quality feed, plus grit to maximize your egg production.
This feed is also suitable to feed to any young poultry or other bird breeds.
Feeding - Ad lib feed to young pullets to get the best results.
Wheat Maize Peas, Coxistac, D calcium Phosphate, salt, Vegetable oil , Soya Meal, Lime, Poultry minerals Methionine.


This event has been a wonderful part of our Christmas preparations for many years. You are invited to join the Choir for light refreshments in the hall after the service.
Be at the Church at 4:00pm on Monday 24th December with your friends, children and grand children for our Christmas Children's service.


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text:
Industrial diversification, partial privatization and firm valuation : evidence from publicly listed firms in China
Chen LIN, Dongwei SU
This paper investigates the relationship between industrial diversification and firm valuation in a sample of 816 publicly listed firms in China. It contributes to the literature in three ways. First, it is one of the first studies of diversification and firm value in an emerging market dominated by partially privatized firms. Second, it explores the determinants of corporate diversification by considering some unique aspects of the agency and political conflicts inherent in China's transition toward a market economy. Third, it employs a number of empirical methodologies (instrumental variables estimation, the Heckman self-selection model, and propensity score matching) to examine the relationship between diversification and firm value. The paper finds that when the decision to diversify is modeled as an endogenous choice based on firm characteristics, multi-segment firms have significantly higher Tobin's q than single-segment firms, even after controlling for factors such as ownership structure, ownership concentration, and growth opportunities. In addition, government-controlled multi-segment firms have lower Tobin's q than non-government-controlled multi-segment firms, providing evidence in support of the political cost hypothesis of diversification. Moreover, non-government-controlled firms in growth industries that perform better are more likely to diversify. Overall, our results illustrate that the valuation effect of diversification depends on government control.
Journal of Corporate Finance
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2008.05.001
Partial privatization
Political costs
10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2008.05.001
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Industrial diversification, partial privatization and firm valuation : evidence from publicly listed firms in China'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Partial Privatization Business & Economics
Firm Valuation Business & Economics
Diversification Business & Economics
China Business & Economics
Tobin's Q Business & Economics
Political Conflict Business & Economics
Political Costs Business & Economics
LIN, C., & SU, D. (2008). Industrial diversification, partial privatization and firm valuation : evidence from publicly listed firms in China. Journal of Corporate Finance, 14(4), 405-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2008.05.001
LIN, Chen ; SU, Dongwei. / Industrial diversification, partial privatization and firm valuation : evidence from publicly listed firms in China. In: Journal of Corporate Finance. 2008 ; Vol. 14, No. 4. pp. 405-417.
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abstract = "This paper investigates the relationship between industrial diversification and firm valuation in a sample of 816 publicly listed firms in China. It contributes to the literature in three ways. First, it is one of the first studies of diversification and firm value in an emerging market dominated by partially privatized firms. Second, it explores the determinants of corporate diversification by considering some unique aspects of the agency and political conflicts inherent in China's transition toward a market economy. Third, it employs a number of empirical methodologies (instrumental variables estimation, the Heckman self-selection model, and propensity score matching) to examine the relationship between diversification and firm value. The paper finds that when the decision to diversify is modeled as an endogenous choice based on firm characteristics, multi-segment firms have significantly higher Tobin's q than single-segment firms, even after controlling for factors such as ownership structure, ownership concentration, and growth opportunities. In addition, government-controlled multi-segment firms have lower Tobin's q than non-government-controlled multi-segment firms, providing evidence in support of the political cost hypothesis of diversification. Moreover, non-government-controlled firms in growth industries that perform better are more likely to diversify. Overall, our results illustrate that the valuation effect of diversification depends on government control.",
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LIN, C & SU, D 2008, 'Industrial diversification, partial privatization and firm valuation : evidence from publicly listed firms in China', Journal of Corporate Finance, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 405-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2008.05.001
Industrial diversification, partial privatization and firm valuation : evidence from publicly listed firms in China. / LIN, Chen; SU, Dongwei.
In: Journal of Corporate Finance, Vol. 14, No. 4, 01.09.2008, p. 405-417.
T1 - Industrial diversification, partial privatization and firm valuation : evidence from publicly listed firms in China
AU - LIN, Chen
AU - SU, Dongwei
N2 - This paper investigates the relationship between industrial diversification and firm valuation in a sample of 816 publicly listed firms in China. It contributes to the literature in three ways. First, it is one of the first studies of diversification and firm value in an emerging market dominated by partially privatized firms. Second, it explores the determinants of corporate diversification by considering some unique aspects of the agency and political conflicts inherent in China's transition toward a market economy. Third, it employs a number of empirical methodologies (instrumental variables estimation, the Heckman self-selection model, and propensity score matching) to examine the relationship between diversification and firm value. The paper finds that when the decision to diversify is modeled as an endogenous choice based on firm characteristics, multi-segment firms have significantly higher Tobin's q than single-segment firms, even after controlling for factors such as ownership structure, ownership concentration, and growth opportunities. In addition, government-controlled multi-segment firms have lower Tobin's q than non-government-controlled multi-segment firms, providing evidence in support of the political cost hypothesis of diversification. Moreover, non-government-controlled firms in growth industries that perform better are more likely to diversify. Overall, our results illustrate that the valuation effect of diversification depends on government control.
AB - This paper investigates the relationship between industrial diversification and firm valuation in a sample of 816 publicly listed firms in China. It contributes to the literature in three ways. First, it is one of the first studies of diversification and firm value in an emerging market dominated by partially privatized firms. Second, it explores the determinants of corporate diversification by considering some unique aspects of the agency and political conflicts inherent in China's transition toward a market economy. Third, it employs a number of empirical methodologies (instrumental variables estimation, the Heckman self-selection model, and propensity score matching) to examine the relationship between diversification and firm value. The paper finds that when the decision to diversify is modeled as an endogenous choice based on firm characteristics, multi-segment firms have significantly higher Tobin's q than single-segment firms, even after controlling for factors such as ownership structure, ownership concentration, and growth opportunities. In addition, government-controlled multi-segment firms have lower Tobin's q than non-government-controlled multi-segment firms, providing evidence in support of the political cost hypothesis of diversification. Moreover, non-government-controlled firms in growth industries that perform better are more likely to diversify. Overall, our results illustrate that the valuation effect of diversification depends on government control.
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KW - Partial privatization
KW - Political costs
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JO - Journal of Corporate Finance
JF - Journal of Corporate Finance
LIN C, SU D. Industrial diversification, partial privatization and firm valuation : evidence from publicly listed firms in China. Journal of Corporate Finance. 2008 Sep 1;14(4):405-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2008.05.001


text:
What is biological agriculture
What is the importance of biology to agriculture?
The productivity of a soil can never be greater than the plant food element in least supply.
A healthy soil system contains very high microbial activity to naturally recycle nutrients.
Biological agriculture provides a unique approach to sustainable and profitable agricultural production through the use of biological farming techniques.
Is agriculture a branch of biology?
Agriculture: It is a branch of biology which deals with raising crops and live stocks such as cows, buffaloes, etc. Veterinary Science: The branch of medicine that deals with the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and injuries of animals, especially domestic animals. Marine Biology: Marine biology is the study of marine organisms, their behaviours, and their interactions with the …
What is biological farming?
What is biological farming? Biological farming is production system which maintains health of soil, ecosystems and people, focusing on natural balance of plants, animals and soil, its objective is improvement of agriculture and environment quality.
What are agricultural Biologicals?
Agricultural biologicals are crop production and protection products obtained from naturally occurring sources, such as living organisms, plant extracts, insects, and organic matter.
What is a biological in agriculture?
Agricultural biologicals are a diverse group of products derived from naturally occurring microorganisms, plant extracts, beneficial insects or other organic matter.
What is the difference between organic and biological farming?
Organic farming aims to produce food of high nutritional quality and flavour while avoiding the use of artificial fertilisers or synthetic chemicals, with some limited use of naturally-occurring pesticides and fertilisers. Bio-dynamic farming takes these strict standards to the next level.
What is an example of organic agriculture?
Some of the examples of practicing organic production or agriculture include: Using crop rotation, biological control, and similar sustainable methods in order to tackle insects, diseases, and weeds. Growing cover crops, using animal and green manures, and practicing crop rotation in order to fertilize the soil.
What is meant by organic agriculture?
"Organic agriculture is a holistic production management system which promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity.
What are the important aspects of biological farming?
The aim with biological farming is to balance soil chemistry and improve the soil structure to create an environment where a wide variety of soil organisms can thrive. The interaction of these creates more favourable crop production conditions, resulting in healthier and more resilient plants.
What does biologic food mean?
or·gan·ic food Food grown or raised without the use of additives, coloring, synthetic chemicals (e.g., fertilizers, pesticides, hormones), radiation, or genetic manipulation and meeting criteria of the U.S.D.A.
What are the benefits of organic agriculture?
Compared with conventional agriculture, organic farming uses fewer pesticides, reduces soil erosion, decreases nitrate leaching into groundwater and surface water, and recycles animal wastes back into the farm. These benefits are counterbalanced by higher food costs for consumers and generally lower yields.
What are the 3 organic farming?
The principal methods of organic farming include crop rotation, green manures and compost, biological pest control, and mechanical cultivation.
What are the 4 principles of organic agriculture?
The Principles of Health, Ecology, Fairness, and care are the roots from which organic agriculture grows and develops. They express the contribution that organic agriculture can make to the world, and a vision to improve all agriculture in a global context.
What is inorganic agriculture?
Inorganic Farming is also known as conventional farming. Inorganic farming is growing agriculture by using synthetic products such as pesticides and chemicals. Examples of pesticides include insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides.
Biological farming is intermediate between conventional and organic, not as a compromise, but as a thoughtful systems approach. Biological farmers search for ways to have the farm biology and ecosystem provide services for free that the farmer would otherwise pay for through the use of chemistry or farm equipment.
How do biological farmers help the environment?
And, because biological farmers work with nature instead of fighting it, the environmental benefits are enormous: substantial reduction in carbon footprint, increased drought resistance and improved water usage, reduction or elimination of nutrient runoff, and rebuilding of soils to counter-act erosion.
What is Midwestern BioAg?
Midwestern BioAg is working with ASU on several projects that will advance our understanding of biological farming. Scientists from the Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute on Sustainability can help understand the full system dynamics as well as determine the carbon life cycle of biological farming compared to conventional or organic farming.
How do biological farmers feed microbial soil life?
Next, biological farmers feed microbial soil life by using carbon from compost, green manures, livestock manures and crop residues. They choose crop rotations and cover crops that increase biodiversity and fix atmospheric nitrogen, providing a free alternative to the most carbon-intensive input for chemical agriculture.
What is chemical agriculture?
Conventional chemical agriculture now dominates the agricultural landscape in the developed world. It relies too heavily on mono-cropping a few major crops, fossil-fuel-based fertilizers, and intense use of chemicals for crop protection.
What are the microbial organisms that live in soil?
We now understand that microbial organisms in healthy soils (bacteria, fungi, protists, metazoans) have symbiotic relationships with plants and play a vital role in nutrient uptake that optimizes the health and growth of plants.
How to protect soil carbon?
This is one area of biological farming that Irish tillage farmers have begun to embrace in recent years. Using cover cropping or avoiding bare soil as well as the use of minimum-tillage can protect soil carbon. Adding animals to the rotation and using diverse pastures can also improve and protect soil carbon.
How does foliar management help plants?
Foliar management. Applying foliar products which the plant needs can improve that plant's health. As a result photosynthesis will be improved and the level of root exudates – produced from this process – released into the soil will feed the soil and help to recycle nutrients. This will feed the soil biology.
What are biological resources?
Broadly speaking, biological resources refer to the living landscape—the plants, animals, and other aspects of. nature that occur on farmland, forests, and other natural lands. In this chapter, we discuss how private rural. lands affect biological resources, and why these effects are important.
Why are biological resources important?
Biological resources are important to society for the various services they provide, and for the problems they. may create (figure 3.1.1). Biological resources can be grouped into those that affect agriculture, those that are. sources of scientific inputs, and those that provide natural goods and services.
What are the resources that affect agriculture?
Some biological. resources have a direct effect on agriculture. In fact, resources such as soil microbes, agricultural cultivars, and. domesticated animals are the foundations of agriculture—they directly contribute to the quantity and quality of. food and fiber production.
Why is the natural world important?
The natural world serves as an irreplaceable source of biological information, both. in terms of macro-structure (ecology) and micro-structure (genetics). Preserving natural landscapes (in situ. protection) protects the genetic resources and evolutionary processes that are present in nature.
What is the chapter 3.1 of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators?
Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators, Chapter 3.1, page 1. Chapter 3.1 Biological Resources and Agriculture. Biological resources refer to the living landscape—the plants, animals, and other aspects of nature—and are. important to society for the various services they provide, as well as problems they may create.
Do biological resources accrue to farmers?
biological resources do not accrue to farmers and landowners. In particular, the benefits from scientific inputs. andnatural goods and servicesare rarely measured in terms of changes in the quantity or quality of traditional. agricultural commodities.
What is the missing link between organic farming and biodynamic farming?
The conference has been described as the 'missing link' between biodynamic agriculture and organic farming because, in the year after Betteshanger, Northbourne published his manifesto of organic farming, Look to the Land, in which he coined the term 'organic farming' and praised the methods of Rudolf Steiner.
Why is biodynamic agriculture considered a pseudoscience?
Biodynamic agriculture lacks strong scientific evidence for its efficacy and has been labeled a pseudoscience because of its reliance upon esoteric knowledge and mystical beliefs. As of 2020, biodynamic techniques were used on 251,842 hectares in 55 countries, led by Germany, Australia and France.
What was Bartsch's role in the development of biodynamic products?
Bartsch was also instrumental in developing a sales organisation for biodynamic products, De meter, which still exists today. The Research Association was renamed the Imperial Association for Biodynamic Agriculture ( Reichsverband für biologisch-dynamische Wirtschaftsweise) in 1933.
Where is biodynamics practiced?
Today biodynamics is practiced in more than 50 countries worldwide and in a variety of circumstances, ranging from temperate arable farming, viticulture in France, cotton production in Egypt, to silkworm breeding in China. Demeter International is the primary certification agency for farms and gardens using the methods. In 2020 Demeter International and the International Biodynamic Association joined together to become the Biodynamic Federation – Demeter International.
How many preparations were used in Steiner's agricultural course?
In his "agricultural course" Steiner prescribed nine different preparations to aid fertilization, and described how these were to be prepared. Steiner believed that these preparations mediated terrestrial and cosmic forces into the soil. The prepared substances are numbered 500 through 508, where the first two are used for preparing fields, and the other seven are used for making compost. A long term trial (DOK experiment) evaluating the biodynamic farming system in comparison with organic and conventional farming systems, found that both organic farming and biodynamic farming resulted in enhanced soil properties, but had lower yields than conventional farming. Regarding compost development beyond accelerating the initial phase of composting, some positive effects have been noted:
When did biodynamic farms end?
It was dissolved by the National Socialist regime in 1941. In 1931 the association had 250 members in Germany, 109 in Switzerland, 104 in other European countries and 24 outside Europe. The oldest biodynamic farms are the Wurzerhof in Austria and Marienhöhe in Germany.
When was biodynamics invented?
Biodynamics was the first modern organic agriculture. Its development began in 1924 with a series of eight lectures on agriculture given by philosopher Rudolf Steiner at Schloss Koberwitz in Silesia, Germany (now Kobierzyce in Poland).


In a time of socially engaged art, Charge asks artists to consider not only intersecting with other organizing fields, but that within our art field itself, there are issues of equity at stake.
Our aim is ultimately that not only artists who can afford to work for free get to create our culture - but that everyone has access to add to our public imagination.
Jennie Ash: Personally, I feel like I have been able to program conversations that touched on topics I felt were important at the time, such as better standards of artist compensation, understanding the value that artists bring to the table, artists as public intellectuals, adjunct organizing, and self care. I feel though its time to pass the torch over to the next generation of creatives in Houston, to show us what we were doing wrong and how it could be done better.
Acknowledge that artist's should be paid for their work, no matter what.
Are thinking about self care, and what that could look like for themselves and in their own community.
In his talk, Cozier discusses the potential free/play spaces that Caribbean artists are constantly imagining, constructing, and navigating, including in his own creative practice and at Alice Yard. Cozier also describes how the established idea of the Caribbean— as a viable action, as a site of exchange, an owned product or territory traded between various beneficiaries, internal and external, persists. Caribbean artists have made the production of these "in-between territories" the underlying logic of "being here," wherever that may be.
This lecture was presented by Project Row Houses, ICAA at the MFAH, and labotonica in conjunction with Round 44 | "Shattering the Concrete: Artists, Activists and Instigators."