text:
Changes in Empathy of Nursing College Students: A Cohort Longitudinal Study
Hyesun Jeong1) , Keelyong Lee,2)
1)Professor, Department of Nursing, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
2)Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Suwon Science College, Hwaseong, Korea
Corresponding author: Lee, Keelyong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-6827 Department of Nursing, Suwon Science College 288 Seja-ro, Jeongnam-myeon, Hwaseong 18516, Korea Tel: 031-350-2347, Fax: +82-31-350-2076, E-mail: lkl@ssc.ac.kr
Received 2021 April 17; Revised 2021 July 7; Accepted 2021 November 15.
This study aimed to identify changes in sub-areas of empathy over the 4 years from admission to graduation of nursing college students.
This descriptive survey study was conducted using a longitudinal cohort design. The participants in this study were 158 South Korean nursing students attending a university in Chungcheongbuk Province or Gyeonggi Province, all of whom passed the certification evaluation for the 4-year nursing educational institute. Data from 126 participants were analyzed. The level of empathy was measured five times from March 2012 to December 2015. Empathy was identified using a multi-dimensional measurement tool consisting of four sub-constructs of cognitive and emotional aspects: (1) perspective taking, (2) fantasy, (3) empathic concern, and (4) personal distress. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 to provide descriptive statistics of the participants' general characteristics and empathy level and to perform repeated-measures analysis of variance for the sub-constructs empathy.
Perspective taking (F=13.08, p<.001) and personal distress (F=5.24, p=.001), but not fantasy or empathic concern, showed significant differences over time.
Cognitive empathy (perspective taking) and emotional empathy (personal distress) improved. Intervention programs should be developed to maintain and strengthen changes in empathy in nursing education.
Keywords: Empathy; Longitudinal studies; Nursing education; Nursing students
Empathy refers to a psychological and emotional state in which one person is aware of another's internal quorum and its emotional elements without forgetting that he or she is a person [1]. In the field of nursing studies, empathy has been consistently reported to be an essential factor in the establishment of therapeutic relationships with patients and an important condition for the improvement of nursing quality [2,3]. However, a high level of empathy is difficult to acquire in a short time period. Therefore, it has been suggested that empathy training should be conducted continuously and systematically throughout the entire undergraduate nursing course [3]. Accordingly, undergraduate nursing courses should not only teach the theory of empathy but also provide handson training via inschool, clinical, and simulation practices, as well as a separate program to promote empathy [4–7].
Most of the prior studies that looked at changes in the empathy ability of nursing college students apply the crosssectional research design by identifying differences between grades at one point or comparing data from a year later. Therefore, there was a limit to how empathy changed with the promotion of the grade throughout the entire nursing curriculum of the same subject. Moreover, the results of these studies have been very inconsistent. Some studies reported no difference in empathy throughout different years of study [8–10], while others reported an increased level of empathy [11]. Another study [12] reported that the level of empathy decreased as their grade level increased. This is contrary to expectations that empathy will improve if students are simultaneously gaining experience in clinical practice and being educated on empathy. As it is difficult to find consistent results in research on the level of empathy among nursing students, it is meaningful to try cohort-longitudinal research to track changes in empathy from the time of admission to the time of graduation.
The choice of measuring tools is important to understand the ability of empathy. The interpersonal reactivity index (IRI) of Davis [13] is a multidimensional empathy measurement tool that includes cognitive and emotional empathy. Davis [13] describes empathy as a multidimensional concept that involves perspective taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress. " Perspective taking" and " fantasy" are categorized as elements of cognitive empathy, where " perspective taking" refers to the tendency to voluntarily take another person's psychological perspective or attitude, and " fantasy" refers to the tendency to transpose oneself with the feelings or actions of fictional characters in books, movies, and plays [13]. " Empathic concern" and " personal distress" are categorized as elements of emotional empathy, where " empathic concern" indicates a tendency to feel typeoriented sympathy and to care about others who are unhappy, and " personal distress" refers to a tendency to feel uncomfortable and experience pain due to other people's misfortune or suffering [13].
Empathy-related prior studies have shown that perspective taking as the cognitive empathy is positively correlated with personal growth, purpose in life, and environmental mastery and also has an effect on psychological wellbeing [14–16]. In addition, personal distress as emotional empathy also is negatively correlated with autonomy, environmental mastery, and selfacceptance, while positively correlated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and General Psychological Distress (GPD) [15]. Moreover, participants who score high in perspective taking tended to use active response strategies in stressful situations, while participants who score high in perspective taking and low in personal distress were found to have a low level of stress perception [17]. Based on the results of these studies, it is reasonable to interpret empathy as a multidimensional concept rather than a single dimension and find meaning.
The nursing practice generally aims for a high level of empathy. However, it is reported that people experience both empathy fatigue and exhaustion when their level of empathy is high [18]. Thus, it can be thought that there was an interaction between cognitive empathy for the client and emotional response according to the emotional empathy level of the nursing provider. Therefore, rather than simply considering the nursing providers' empathy level in target nursing, it would be necessary to find meaning by considering the relationship between functions and the subarea of empathy.
Prior studies that identified the empathy of nursing college students used the Jefferson Empathy Scale (JES), which measures cognitive empathy [19]. Further, considering each subarea of empathy [13–17] during the nursing education process, it is meaningful to look at subarea changes. In this study, the change of empathy by subarea in nursing students from the time of admission to graduation was investigated. The results were used as basic data for effective empathy enhancement education and positive empathy competency.
1. Research Design
This study was a cohort longitudinal research to identify changes in each subarea of empathy over the four years from admission to graduation.
This study evaluated 158 nursing students attending accredited nursing education programs at a university in Chungcheongbuk-do and a university in Gyeonggido, who volunteered to participate in the study. The number of participants was calculated by G∗power 3.1.9 program. As a result of entering the following inputs: power (1−β)=.90, significance level (⍺)=.05, effect size=0.15, group number=1, measured Time=5, and Correlations among measurements=.50 for the repeated measure of ANOVA, the minimum sample size was determined to be 70. The effect size was determined to be an intermediate size based on the prior literature [20]. However, data were collected from 158 students, and a potential dropout rate of 50% due to military enlistment and leaves of absence was considered. Among the students who participated in the study, 2, 18, 9, and 2 were eliminated from the second, third, fourth, and fifth data collections, respectively. A total of 126 students were finally analyzed, except for 1 who had insufficient responses (Figure 1).
Procedure for data collection and sample size.
3. Instrument
This study measured empathy using a Korean version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), developed by Davis [13] and translated by Kang et al. [21] to verify validity and reliability with factor analysis. This instrument consists of four area of perspective taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress, each subarea had seven items, consisting of a total of 28 items. The score range of the Korean version of the instrument has is from 1 to 5. The higher the score, the higher the level of empathy. Davis [13] did not produce a total score, as he suggested that there was an area that represented a negative correlation so that scores for each subarea would be used. Cronbach's ⍺s of the Korean version of the instrument were as follows: perspective taking (.61), fantasy (.81), empathic concerns (.73), and personal distress (.71). In addition, the Cronbach's ⍺ values in this study were .71(perspective taking), .79 (fantasy), .70 (empathic concern), and .82 (personal distress).
4. Data Collection
The empathy was measured five times between March 2012 to December 2015 (Figure 1). However, the researchers did not directly collect the data. Instead, a research assistant distributed the questionnaire and collected data from the representative of the nursing department in 2012. The same research assistant collected data for the rest of the study period.
In March 2012, the research assistant verbally explained the guidance to the first-year nursing students in the class-room-the nursing students voluntarily signed their con-sent to participate in the study at the data collection point. The second and third measurements of empathy were collected in March and December of the sophomore year, respectively. The fourth and fifth measurements of empathy were collected in December of the third and fourth years. A total of 126 people were included in the final analysis. Two were omitted in the second data collection, 18 in the third, nine in the fourth, two in the fifth, and one who had a generally insufficient response. There was higher attrition in the third round of data collection because many male students applied for a leave of absence from school to fulfill the mandatory military services requirement during this period.
The timing of the data collection was determined based on the curriculum. In other words, it was set up in consid-eration of the completion of theoretical and practical courses that could affect the level of empathy. This study's first measurement was in March 2012 at the time of the participants' admission to the nursing department, to establish an initial level of empathy before any effect of the nursing curriculum.
The second measurement was conducted in March 2013 of the second year, after the first year of the liberal arts and natural sciences curriculum. Thus, we could evaluate the effect on the participants' level of empathy during courses such as anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology along with various humanities and social sciences, before starting their nursing major coursework.
In December 2013 of the second year, we conducted the third measurement. This was when the basic humanities and social studies subjects of human development and communication theory had been completed. Further, it was the period through which basic nursing, nursing practices, knowledge, and empathy for the development stages of human life could be improved. Furthermore, in these courses, critical thinking, and the nursing process were learned and applied to the specific methods and applications of therapeutic communication, which hypothetically could expand empathy.
The fourth measurement period was in December 2014 of the third year, after completing nursing major theoretical subjects and clinical practice subjects, including psy-chiatric nursing. In particular, training was conducted to form relationships with humans by actually applying knowledge learned through theoretical courses to clinical practice while completing practicums. Additionally, cognitive empathy could be significantly improved by identifying the needs of patients and planning, implementing, and evaluating nursing care to address them.
The fifth measurement was implemented in December 2015, the final year, when all theoretical and practical subjects included in the curriculum had been completed. This period is a time when the overall effect of the curriculum on empathy could be identified.
Compared to the curriculum of the two schools that conducted data collection, the curriculum of the liberal arts course was somewhat different. Nonetheless, there were no differences in credit allocation and timing in communication, inschool and clinical practice subjects.
5. Data Analysis
The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN (version 25.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The general characteristics and level of empathy of the participants were presented using the descriptive statistics, and the changes in the subarea of empathy were identified through repeated measures of ANOVA, and the reliability of the instrument was presented as Cronbach's ⍺.
6. Ethical Consideration
This study was conducted after obtaining approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) to the research be-longs (KNU_IRB_2015-15). To the participants, the research assistant explained the purpose of the research, the contents of the questionnaire, the number of times to com-plete it, the voluntary nature of participation in the research, withdrawal from the research, anonymity, and pro-tection of private information. If a nursing student voluntarily signed an agreement to participate in the research after hearing the explanation from the research assistant, he or she was included as a participant.
1. Characteristics of the Participants
The mean age of the participants was 19.27±3.27 years (range 19~39 years), and all 126 were female. 52.4% of the participants had no religion and 56.3% of the participants said they had the aptitude and a sense of calling for nursing, followed by 31.0% who chose nursing for ease of employment and 12.7% who pursued nursing based on recommendations from others (Table 1).
Characteristics of Subjects (N=126)
2. Changes in Nursing Students' Empathy
As a result of analyzing the collected data, first of all, in the case of " perspective taking", the test of the sphericity assumption prior to performing the repeated measurement variance analysis showed that this assumption was not met (p=.003) and the ANOVA was performed using Huynh-Feldt's revised test statistic. The analysis showed that the score for perspective taking' was 3.50 (Time 1), 3.56 (Time 2), 3.52 (Time 3), 3.72 (Time 4), and 3.79 (Time 5). In the case of " perspective taking", the level of improvement was weak in Time 2 and Time 3 compared to Time 1, but the score increased significantly from Time 4 when the third years curriculum was completed to Time 5 when all the curriculum was completed. Additionally, these changes over time were statistically significant (F=13.08, p<.001). The posttest analysis of the difference suggests that the score of " perspective taking" varies significantly between Time 1 and Time 4 between Time 1 and Time 5.
Furthermore " fantasy" also indicates that the test of the sphericity assumption did not meet the assumption (p=.005). An analysis of variance was performed using Huynh-Feldt's revised test statistics. In the case of ' fantasy', the scores were 3.81 (Time 1), 3.86 (Time 2), 3.79 (Time 3), 3.77 (Time 4), 3.8 (Time 5). In other words, the " fantasy" was somewhat higher at Time 2 compared to Time 1, but Time 3, Time 4, and Time 5 were suggested to be lower than Time 1. However, this pattern of " fantasy" changes as the school year increased was not statistically significant (F=0.87, p=.483).
The empathic concern was analyzed through the tests of within-subject effects, as the test of the sphericity test met the assumption (p=.089). The analysis showed that scores for " empathic concern" were 3.78 (Time 1), 3.78 (Time 2), 3.70 (Time 3), 3.77 (Time 4), and 3.83 (Time 5). In other words, this pattern of " empathic concern" was not statistically significant, although it decreased slightly in time 3 and 4 compared to the reference point (time 1), and rose again in time 5 as the school year progressed.
Finally, the " personal distress" scores were tested for sphericity assumptions, and the analysis of variance was performed using the revised test statistic of Huynh-Feldt, which indicated that the assumptions were not met (p< .001). The analysis showed that the score for " personal distress" was 3.10 (Time 1), 3.18 (Time 2), 3.18 (Time 3), 3.04(Time 4), and 2.95 (Time 5). " Personal distress" increased scores at time 2 and time 3 compared to time 1, but decreased at times 4 and 5, and these changes over time were statistically significant (F=5.24, p=.001). The posttest analysis suggests that the scores of the personal distress vary significantly between time 1 and 4, time 2 and 4, time 2 and time 3 and 4, and time 3 and 5 (Table 2).
Changes in Nurs sing Students' Empathy (N=126)
This study was conducted on nursing students to identify changes in each subarea of empathy over the four years from admission to graduation. The results show that the average score for each " perspective taking" time was 3.50, 3.56, 3.52, 3.72, and 3.79, respectively, which represented a significant change. There were also significant differences in times 1 and 4, and times 1 and 5, which resulted in a significant increase by the end of the third and fourth years compared to their year of admission. Furthermore, the average score for " fantasy" was 3.81, 3,86, 3.79, 3.77, and 3.80, respectively, which represented no significant change.
The results from this study were similar to those of a previous study [11], which showed a higher level of empathy in older grades. However, this was contrary to previous studies [12,22,23] that showed a low level of empathy in senior year medical and nursing students. This study and prior study differ in measurement tools and survey points, making it difficult to directly compare results. However, an accurate understanding of nursing senti-ment is possible with high cognitive empathy, which leads us to conclude that a significant rise in " perspective taking" is an encouraging result. It is important for nurses to accurately understand the emotional state of their patients in order to effectively meet their nursing needs in the clinical field. An accurate understanding of the patient's needs or emotional status and proper intervention must be provided to meet the nursing needs of the subject at the nursing site, in which cognitive empathy is essential. "Perspective taking" refers to the tendency or ability to adopt other people's perspectives or views, as opposed to fantasizing about the tendency to identify with fictional characters in books and movies [13]. If the level of " perspective taking" is high, nursing providers will be able to understand the patients' feelings and why they feel that way, enabling them to provide nursing interventions that meet the patients' individual needs. In prior studies [24], empathy was positively correlated with critical and analytical thinking, especially with the subarea of perspective taking" [14,16]. Cognitive understanding of others, analytical and critical thinking, and interpersonal skills are essential in the process of accurately identifying the needs of each individual patient. In this context, it is a positive sign that " perspective taking" has risen over time in this study.
As we reflect on the findings of educational interventions promoting empathy, it is necessary to understand why older students have increased cognitive empathy during admission. It has been suggested that an increase in age leads to an increase in maturity and empathy levels [11]. However, there were no differences in the levels of empathy across grades in many prior studies [9,25,26]. We cannot establish with certainty that the difference between one and two years of undergraduate courses resulted in significant differences in the level of empathy. Considering the results of this study, one reason behind the significant increase in the level of " perspective taking" in third and fourth years compared to the first years might be attributed to the effectiveness of the curriculum.
Nursing education institutions develop and operate curricula to train competent nurses. It is believed that the completion of major theoretical and practical courses, as well as liberal arts, helped improve the understanding of human and human reactions, communication level, critical thinking ability, and cognitive empathy. One major difference in the curriculum of the first, third, and fourth years is the completion of clinical practice courses. Clinical practice is when nursing students can gain a deep awareness of nursing [27] and when they can directly apply the nursing process to subjects based on their theoretical knowledge. Reflective discussion in nursing education has been reported as a major educational activity that helps with actual care and increasing empathy [23]. The clinical practice provides a good opportunity to train cognitive empathy through reflection, listening, and forming therapeutic relationships.
For " personal distress" corresponding to emotional empathy, the average scores from time 1 to 5 were 3.10, 3.18, 3.18, 3.04, and 2.95 respectively, which reflected a significant change. By time points, the difference was significant at times 1 and 5, times 2 and 4, times 2 and 5, times 3 and 4, and times 3 and 5 and showed a continuous decrease.
"Personal distress" has a negative correlation with autonomy, environmental control, and selfacceptance. However, it has a positive correlation with posttraumatic stress syndrome and general psychological distress [14,15] and a negative effect on stress perception, coping, and psychological wellbeing [14–17]. In this context, it is considered a positive result that the level of " personal distress" in nursing students decreased with an increase in grade. It should contribute positively to the students coping with heavy academic and clinical stress.
Considering the correlation between the real subarea of empathy, one can think that personal distress correlates with cognitive empathy perspective taking [13] and that the lower the personal distress, the higher the level of Perspective taking. Therefore multidimensional empathy is useful when examining the relationships and meanings between subarea rather than trying to interpret subarea independently. Based on the results of this study, it is believed that the rise in the level of " perspective taking" has increased the control nursing students have over their emotions and rational judgment, thereby helping them to also control their " personal distress".
Previous studies have shown that simulation education, role play, and reflection can effectively enhance the capacity for empathy [6] and that educational effort for empathy enhancement in nursing education is possible[4,6]. Therefore, the development and operation of curricula to promote empathy that plays a central role in therapeutic relationships is necessary. Emotional empathy from the patient's perspective may risk distortion or ex-aggeration; therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to improving cognitive empathy rather than emotional empathy in nurses, who need to understand and help improve patients' health problems accurately. Furthermore, an upward effect of " perspective taking" can be expected if the level of " personal distress" is improved, which will also lead to an effective improvement in the level of empathy. Personal distress can be effectively improved through interventions such as mindbody medical skills and mindfulnesss [28]. As such [28], an attempt to integrate them in the nursing education curriculum is also needed.
The results of this study indicate that it is crucial to understand the change in empathic ability by subarea from the time of admission to graduation. Specifically, the increase in cognitive empathy level through the progression of the nursing curriculum is a very encouraging result.
This study was conducted with nursing students to identify changes in each subarea of empathy over the four years from admission to graduation. The results of this study showed that " perspective taking" within cognitive empathy significantly increased and " personal distress" within emotional empathy significant decreased with the progress in nursing school years. The subarea characteristics of empathy are believed to reflect area-specific char-acteristics in the relationship, communication, and effect on nursing care; thus, the importance of access from a multidimensional perspective is verified.
The limitations of this study are as follows: First, it does not fully control for the presence of external factors such as clinical experience related to empathy and internal factors such as self-awareness, awareness of others, emotional awareness, and self-elasticity. Second, it does not specifi-cally confirm whether the change in the student's empathy by grade can be directly attributed to the curriculum. Third, the participants did not demonstrate difference in the overall curriculum and clinical practice hours; they also did not unify the practice papers, practice guidance professors, or specific practice operation plans.
In subsequent studies, it is necessary to control the factors influencing empathy and establish a comparative group to confirm whether changes in nursing students' empathy can be attributed to the curriculum. We would recommend future studies that not only addresses these limitations but also explores strategies nurses can employ to improve cognitive empathy and better manage emotional empathy.
Study conception and design acquisition – JH; Data collection – JH and LK; Data analysis & Interpretation – JH; Drafting & Revision of the manuscript – LK.
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Age (year) 19~39 19.3±3.3
Gender Female 126 (100.0)
Religion No 66 (52.4)
Yes 60 (47.6)
Motive for admission Aptitude for nursing/calling 71 (56.3)
Ease of getting a job 39 (31.0)
Recommendation from others 16 (12.7)
Times†
Significant test
RM-ANOVA
F (p)
Perspective taking Time 1a 3.50±0.60 13.08 (<.001)
Time 2b 3.56±0.58
Time 3c 3.52±0.56
Time 4d 3.72±0.55
Time 5e 3.79±0.51
Posthoc comparisons a, b, c, a< d, e
Fantasy Time 1 3.81±0.64 0.87 (.483)
Time 2 3.86±0.60
Posthoc comparisons –
Empathic concern Time 1 3.78±0.55 2.26 (.062)
Personal distress Time 1a 3.10±0.68 5.24 (.001)
Posthoc comparisons a, b< d, e, c< d, e
Time 1: March of the first year, Time 2: March of the second year, Time 3: December of the second year, Time 4: December of the third year, Time 5: December of the fourth year.


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FAN EXPO Dallas 2018
by Dennis Keithly April 11, 2018
Darth Taxus and Dennis Keithly from Starships, Sabers, and Scoundrels took RetroZap to FAN EXPO Dallas. Here is their experience.
FAN EXPO Dallas returned to the Dallas Convention Center in 2018 on April 6. This year, FAN EXPO Dallas improved on an already great experience with a modified floor layout, additional incredible guests, and fantastic panels. Back to the Future, Star Wars, The Princess Bride, superheroes and more all had in impressive presence at this annual convention. This year's iteration of the convention managed to attract such celebrity heavyweights as Ben Affleck, Jeff Goldblum, and the cast of Stranger Things. And, RetroZap was there. Dennis Keithly and Darth Taxus, two of the three hosts of Starships, Sabers, and Scoundrels, attended this three-day event. Here are their impressions of FAN EXPO Dallas 2018.
Improving an Already Great Experience at FAN EXPO Dallas 2018
The convention had an altered layout this year. In prior years, FAN EXPO Dallas was spread out over a larger portion of the Dallas Convention Center. The autograph hall, vendors, and exhibitors were at one end, and most of the panels occurred at the opposite end of the convention center. This meant that convention attendees found themselves frequently wandering from one end of the convention center to the other between panels and autograph sessions.
This year, FAN EXPO Dallas made a major improvement on this aspect of the convention. A main theater was constructed just off the floor the vendors occupied. This meant that attendees only had a short walk to reach the largest panels. Plus, additional rooms for panels were placed on the third floor of the Dallas Convention Center. Therefore, attendees only needed to catch an escalator ride to attend some of the smaller, although no less important, panels of the event.
FAN EXPO Dallas 2018 didn't end their improvements there. A pair of related complaints with prior occurrences of FAN EXPO Dallas concerned the lack of options when it came to food and places to sit and eat it. Those problems were solved with the addition of a dining area to the convention floor with plenty of adjoining seating. If there is one criticism of the dining, it is perhaps that it wasn't promoted enough. Regardless, it was a welcome addition to this year's FAN EXPO Dallas.
Another improvement to this year's convention was an improved app. Although prior iterations of the convention app were adequate for the average needs of an attendee, FAN EXPO Dallas improved the app with an easier to read schedule and better maps. As a whole, the app was more intuitive.
A Special Meeting with Anthony Daniels — Dennis
Sunday morning started off in an unexpected fashion. I arrived at the convention center ready for my FAN EXPO Dallas experience to begin and met up with Darth Taxus in the line for Billy Dee Williams. However, Mr. Williams was not expected for another two hours. To the right of his table were the tables for the other two Star Wars guests for the weekend, Joonas Suotamo (the new actor portraying Chewbacca) and C-3PO himself, Anthony Daniels. To my surprise, Mr. Daniels was at his table with practically no line.
I quickly jumped in the line and waited for a couple of gentlemen looking for multiple autographs of comic books to complete their interaction with Mr. Daniels. Then it was my turn. Mr. Daniels could not have been more gracious. I introduced myself and told him how excited I was to meet him. I also explained that Star Wars was the first movie I ever saw in a theater, that C-3PO was my first action figure, and that it was the droids that captured my imagination as a child. Up to this point, Mr. Daniels reacted politely and listened attentively, but I suspected he had heard all these types of things before.
Then I raised a new topic: Star Wars: In Concert. This concert series travelled Europe and North America from 2009 through 2015 and was narrated and hosted by Anthony Daniels. I was privileged to have attended a Dallas showing with my young son. Mr. Daniels was eager to talk about the concerts. He explained that they were the favorite thing he had done related to Star Wars largely because of the fan response he got on stage. That was something that was missing while filming the Star Wars films themselves. It was an incredible moment with Mr. Daniels, and we talked for a good ten minutes. If you have the opportunity to meet him at a local convention, take advantage of the opportunity.
Billy Dee Williams – Darth Taxus
The major highlight for me this year was that Billy Dee Williams, Joonas Suotamo and Anthony Daniels were all appearing at the convention. I had set it in my mind that I needed to come away with at least a Billy Dee autograph, especially given his prominence in our show's celebrity appearance segment, but given the sheer crush of people on Saturday, I had to defer my quest until Sunday morning when I could strike fast, hard and early for a great spot in line. Regardless of that, I knew that Billy Dee had a Q&A panel that afternoon that I was excited about. And so, I along with the Scoundrels Social Media team were more than pleased to be seated very close to the main stage when he appeared. Billy Dee answered each fan's question with his archetypical smooth and soothing voice that only accentuated the wisdom he shared. The pinnacle experience for me was when I was able to ask him a question regarding his influence on Donald Glover on being "Lando cool," and on his son Corey's musical endeavors. If you have to opportunity to attend a panel with Billy Dee, you should take the opportunity to do so as you will not regret it.
Cary Elwes's Panel – Dennis
Sunday afternoon featured a panel with Cary Elwes. The focus of the panel was Mr. Elwes's role as Westley/The Dread Pirate Roberts in The Princess Bride, a cult classic from 1987. Although there was a moderator for the panel, Mr. Elwes hardly needed one. He delighted the audience with stories from the filming of the movie. Andre the Giant featured prominently in his stories, and Mr. Elwes did a wonderful impression of the departed giant. In fact, Mr. Elwes did several wonderful impressions over the course of his panel ranging from Rob Reiner to Mel Brooks and Bill Paxton. Admission to Mr. Elwes's panel was included in the price of admission to FAN EXPO Dallas, and the experience was nearly worth the price of admission alone. It was one of the highlights of the weekend.
Cosplaying and Costuming Organizations
No fan convention is complete these days without cosplaying. FAN EXPO Dallas 2018 was no different. Cosplayers were plentiful. This year's cosplay featured many of the traditional favorites such as Princess Leia in her Huttslayer bikini, Rey, and Luke Skywalker from Star Wars, comic book characters such as Wolverine, Deadpool, Spider-Man, Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, and other characters from shows such as Game of Thrones, Supernatural, and The Walking Dead.
In addition, costuming organizations were well represented. The Star Garrison of the 501st Legion, the Kessel Base of the Rebel Legion, and Clan Murraan of the Mandalorian Mercs all represented Star Wars. All three organizations are known for their charitable work regardless of which side they line up on in the films. Between the three organizations, plenty of stormtroopers, Jedi, wookiees, and pilots roamed the floor. Darth Vader himself was in attendance. Additional Star Wars elements were supplied by the R2 Builders Club. The combined organizations offered free photo opportunities with their members with suggested donations in support of charity. Plus, if attendees really wanted to get into the spirit, they could take a shot at a Jedi with a nerf gun.
Other costuming organizations in attendance included the DFW Ghostbusters and the DFW Cosplay Gallifrey. The DFW Ghostbusters brought an SUV decked out in all the appropriate props appropriate for a team of ghost hunters.
Milling with the Crowd – Darth Taxus
For most of FAN EXPO Dallas 2018, I milled about the crowd looking for interesting people, items or events to interact with. Highest on my list of priorities is anything relating to Star Wars and I love asking people about their costumes or involvement with charitable efforts. Some of the outstanding costumes I encountered included an amazing group representing the very popular game, Overwatch. I also met BritishPixie, a prominent cosplayer on Instagram, who donned an extraordinarily detailed Aayla Secura (from the Star Wars prequels) and was there to raise funds for the The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research via the costuming group The Rebel Legion. I have a close friend whose father was diagnosed with Parkinson's, so I sincerely appreciate the redoubling of efforts to fight such a terrible disease.
Another wonderful charity I discovered was Extra-Life whose motto is "Play Games. Heal Kids." They are an organization dedicated to engaging the gamer community to fundraise for local hospitals affiliated with The Children's Miracle Network. Just to show that I am inclusive of other franchises that begin with the word "star," I had a fun exchange with the representatives, one of which was dressed in a Star Trek original series science officer uniform.
Back to the Future at FAN EXPO Dallas 2018
Back to the Future had a large presence at this year's convention. Doc Brown (Christopher Lloyd) and Biff (Tom Wilson) were both in attendance. In addition, a team of voice actors united for a live, and hilarious, script reading. The team included Jeremy Shada, Grey Delisle, Rob Paulsen, Maurice Lamarche, and Susan Egan. Plus, fans had the opportunity to get their picture taken with the Delorean time machine made famous by the movies. A great deal of the experience at FAN EXPO Dallas 2018 was planned around Back to the Future. Even though Michael J. Fox had to cancel for health reasons, Back to the Future still resonated in the convention hall.
Final Day Experience – Darth Taxus
The last day I was able to get in line very early to get Billy Dee Williams's autograph. I had a great time chatting with other fans in line with me so the two and a half-hour wait flew by fast. I have to say it was quite worth it, and it wasn't quite a full wait because I was able to sneak over to get Anthony Daniels's autograph on a photo as well! After, the Scoundrels Social Media crew was able to get over to the voice actor tables and get some of their favorites from Overwatch and anime. The weekend culminated with a delightful panel with Anthony Daniels who delighted the crowd with his off-the-cuff improvisation and conversational skills. This is also a must-see for any Star Wars fan.
The Anthony Daniels Panel – Dennis
One of the last marquee events of FAN EXPO Dallas 2018 was Anthony Daniels's panel. After meeting Drew Struzan, a renowned artist, and Joonas Suotamo, the new Chewbacca, I headed for his panel with Darth Taxus. Mr. Daniels was aware that after forty years of Star Wars, many fans have heard most of his stories. With that in mind, he elected to forego the traditional panel format, and instead he wandered the stage and the audience taking questions from those in attendance. One of the early questions he answered concerned C-3PO's reaction to Luke Skywalker's appearance on Crait in The Last Jedi. He related how the script informed his performance as C-3PO muted his response as even the normally excitable and talkative Threepio understood the gravity of the situation. Mr. Daniels ended his panel by referencing the conversation I had with him earlier in the day about Star Wars: In Concert and what it meant to him.
Concluding Thoughts on FAN EXPO Dallas 2018
Like it's predecessor events, FAN EXPO Dallas 2018 had something to offer fans of all pop culture genres. Whether attendees wanted to shop, meet celebrities, get autographs, attend panels, or cosplay, it was all there. The shopping experience included everything a geek could ask for including action figures, posters and other art, comic books, cosplay props, and more. The spectrum of celebrities included stars from movies, live action television, and animation. The comic industry was well represented too. Attendees got into the spirit of things with a wide variety of cosplay. This is an annual event that no fan in the Dallas – Fort Worth area should miss.
Dennis Keithly
Dennis Keithly is a graduate of the University of Missouri, North Texas attorney, husband, father of two, and co-host of Starships, Sabers, and Scoundrels. In addition to Star Wars, Dennis is a fan of science fiction, fantasy, and super heroes in general. When not engaged in fictional universes, Dennis is reading a good book or watching the NHL, football, or studying the NFL draft.
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Posts Tagged 'gentrification'
Sunday Morning Links! Two Days in a Row!
* CBP is human trafficking.
* Fatal encounters: 97 deaths point to pattern of border agent violence across America.
* Court Order To Reunite Migrant Children And Parents Reveals How Little Planning Went Into Separation Policy. Trump administration admits they've lost track of roughly 20 percent of toddlers' parents. Kids as Young as 1 in US Court, Awaiting Reunion With Family.
The stories that we are hearing are cruel and awful. I fear they aren't even the tip of the iceberg of what we will yet learn.
— #Prisonculture (@prisonculture) July 7, 2018
Just got off a conference call with HHS about reuniting kids with their parents. They read from a script for around 20 minutes and then they took only 3 questions from Senators. It was Orwellian in its overconfidence and vagueness. I am more, not less worried for these kids.
— Brian Schatz (@brianschatz) July 6, 2018
Dems are largely allergic to "Abolish ICE" as a message because it's clear and uncompromising but, even more importantly, did not require a cadre of overpaid consultants to develop
— Brandy Jensen (@BrandyLJensen) July 7, 2018
* This logic had a lineage and a name: "militant democracy," a term first coined in 1935 by the political theorist Karl Loewenstein. A German-Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany, Loewenstein arrived in the United States convinced that totalitarian and democratic regimes could not coexist. It was the nature of fascists and communists, he wrote in widely read academic essays, to infiltrate democratic regimes, exploit their freedoms of the press and speech, and destroy them from within. Long before the first shots of World War II were fired, Loewenstein claimed that an existential struggle between democracy and its enemies was already engulfing the entire globe. To win, democracies had to reform themselves. They had to become "militant."
There's a GOP candidate for Congress in CA who:
-is friends with anti-Semite Baked Alaska
-has a bodyguard who went to the Charlottesville rally
-has aides who post the 14 words and use parentheses to indicate Jewish people
The guy in this article is a DIFFERENT GOP candidate. https://t.co/gL5ATeVhtC
— Hayes Davenport (@hayesdavenport) July 7, 2018
* The US as seen from South Africa.
* Well, it will have to be a drunk NYU student who can afford $5,000 a month in rent. What Calhoun and the other adamant Pollyannas refuse to understand is that a bar is one thing, a dance hall is one thing, and even a Gap or a Starbucks is one thing, but a bank branch is another. It is a carpet and a machine from which one extracts money, then leaves. No one is writing a novel or an album about it. Those things that we do not value, that we do not actively protect, fade away and die. The fall of New York and the urban crisis of affluence. I'm worried I may have done this one already but it's worth reading twice.
* In the U.S., there is adult jail and there is school, and the two rarely go together. Most juvenile detention centers have educational programs, and prisons often have GED or college classes. But since August, the New Orleans jail has offered something unusual: a full-day high school that's part of the public school system and offers real credits. The only others are in the nation's largest cities, such as Chicago and New York.
* The Obsessive Search for the Tasmanian Tiger.
* It's time to put down the Hemingway and accept that the Running of the Bulls is horrifying.
* Rob Wielgus was one of America's pre-eminent experts on large carnivores. Then he ran afoul of the enemies of the wolf.
If the lions-eating-rhino-poachers story didn't cheer you up, I don't know what will.
— Barbara Ehrenreich (@B_Ehrenreich) July 7, 2018
* What makes a case like Janus particularly confounding is that the foundation, as well as the committee, claims to be acting on behalf of these American workers. On its website, in its arguments, it describes its work as freeing employees from forced union payments and restoring First Amendment rights. Yet scratch the surface of the Janus case and what fast becomes clear is that it, like so much else in the right-to-work realm, did not begin with a worker but rather with a wealthy anti-union businessman.
* This is a catastrophe that is happening even as, at some level, millions of people don't believe it really can. It seems so wildly improbable after all. Mass extinction? Floods? Rising sea levels? The end of the human race? Who could believe such a thing? What sort of rapturous religious imagination would take this prospect seriously? What sort of fantasy underlies this sort of End Times catastrophism? Those are all perfectly excellent questions. It's just that, the catastrophe is real.
* Ontario Labour Arbitration decision holding that student evaluations can't be used to promotion/tenure decisions because the evidence shows it's unsafe to conclude anything about teaching quality from them.
* Why Everyone Is Talking About Hannah Gadsby's Netflix Comedy Special.
* And a headline straight from your nightmares: Spiders Can Fly Hundreds of Miles Using Electricity.
Jaws is the most American 4th of July movie because it's the one in which an elected official acting on behalf of business interests allows several of his constituents to be literally eaten alive by a problem he was warned about
— jason lee (@speaks2ya) July 4, 2018
It's crazy how we went from arguing if all Americans deserved health care to arguing if kids deserve to live in cages. The devil works quick.
— Ronald Funches (@RonFunches) July 6, 2018
pic.twitter.com/B0Vifs5AZ6
— 🏳🌈Deep State Shu™🏳🌈 (@ReplyWithAMeme) July 6, 2018
Tagged with affluence, animals, apartheid, apocalypse, asylum, border patrol, bullfighting, catastrophe, cities, class struggle, Democrats, deportation, Donald Trump, ecology, fascism, gentrification, Hannah Gadsby, Hemingway, human trafficking, ice, immigration, Jaws, just say fascism, KKK, lions, militant democracy, Nazi, Netflix, New York, police state, politics, prison, prison-educational complex, revisionism, South Africa, Spain, spiders, standup comedy, student evaluations, Tasmania, teaching, the courts, the Holocaust, the law, unions, white nationalism, white supremacy, wolves
If You Scroll Down Far Enough on This Linkpost You May Eventually Reach Content That Won't Cause Immediate Existential Despair
* Call for Papers: Polygraph 28, Marxism and Climate Change. Call for Papers: Speculative Souths.
* Transformative Works and Cultures 27: Tumblr and Fandom.
* The Trump administration separated thousands of children from their families over a crime the justice system penalizes with a $10 fine. What's Really Happening When Asylum-Seeking Families Are Separated? Hell is this audio. Photos. Summer Camp at the Nightmare Factory. Toxic stress. For a 6-Year-Old Snared in the Immigration Maze, a Memorized Phone Number Proves a Lifeline. The Heartbreaking Case Of The 3-Year-Old Boy In Immigration Court. U.S. officials separated him from his child. Then he was deported to El Salvador. Mothers in a New Mexico Prison Who Do Not Know How to Find Their Children. Torn from immigrant parents, 8-month-old baby lands in Michigan. Families divided. Hundreds. 1,995. 3,700. Over ten thousand. Trump administration could be holding 30,000 border kids by August, officials say. "She had to teach other kids in the cell to change her diaper." "I have no information about your child." "I Can't Go Without My Son." "These aren't our kids." Where are the girls? This is bad. History. Here Are Some of the Democrats Who Paved the Way for the Family Separation Crisis. The outrage over Trump's heartless family separation policy provides an opportunity to reverse the bipartisan consensus that has long victimized immigrants. Protesters Flock to La Guardia to Support Immigrant Children. Protest held outside Bay Area ICE facility over immigration controversy. After Six Days, Portland's ICE Blockade Is a City of More Than 80 Tents. First Step to Helping Children Sent to New York: Find Them. Governors won't send Guard units to border if family separation continues. Governor orders probe of abuse claims by immigrant children. On the tarmac. Flight attendant: I won't work flights that separate immigrant kids from families. Fundraiser to reunite immigrant families shatters Facebook record. Tender age. Kids Taken From Their Parents At The Border Get Their Toys Confiscated Too. Senate Candidate Arrested For Delivering Toys To Children's Internment Camp. Substandard Medical Care in ICE Detention is Killing Immigrants, Endangering Lives. Poor Medical Care in ICE Custody Is Fatal. More Immigrants Died in Detention in Fiscal Year 2017 Than in Any Year Since 2009. Code red. Torture. Deputy sexually assaulted child, threatened undocumented mom if she reported it. Teens Describe Life Inside A US Detention Center. ICE detention of unaccompanied minors in New York is up more than 500%, city says. Boston Public Schools Superintendent Chang has resigned after it was revealed that BPS has been providing student info to ICE to help deport migrant schoolchildren. Businesses have made millions off Trump's child separation policy. The corporation that deports immigrants has a major stake in Trump's presidency. Private Prison Stocks Are Soaring Amid the Trump Administration's Immigration Crisis. Ex-CIA Contractor Makes Millions Flying Immigrant Kids to Shelters. Southwest Key 1, 2, 3, 4. Betsy DeVos cashes in. Migrant children sent to shelters with histories of abuse allegations. Nearly Half of Funding for Child Migrant Care Went to Shelters With Histories of Abuse. Immigrant children forcibly injected with drugs, lawsuit claims. Unspeakable cruelty. The D&D thread. Even Laura Bush. 'They are coming crying, almost hysterical.' The chaotic effort to reunite immigrant parents with their separated kids. No plan. The courts must award damages to families torn apart by the policy. Some migrant family separations are permanent. There's no migration crisis. 3 Charts That Show What's Actually Happening Along The Southern Border. For the ages. The real hoax about the border crisis. Checkpoints in New Hampshire. Jogger Accidentally Crosses U.S. Border From Canada and Is Detained for Two Weeks. The Trump administration changed its story on family separation no fewer than 14 times before ending the policy. Trump's Executive Order Turns Family Separation Into Family Incarceration. "There is a policy now on the part of our government for the Office of Refugee Resettlement to share information with Immigration and Customs Enforcement. That's as new as four days ago." Nothing but lies. The next phase. 120,000. The plans are ready. Simple from here. Malice aforethought. If only. American fascist party membership application, Atlanta, 1930. ICE detention centers in your state.
* Newsflash: they'll support anything.
Voting behavior of whites, by age and income. https://t.co/nOa4w9Nibf pic.twitter.com/RtrbTbJkiG
— Data for Progress (@DataProgress) June 21, 2018
* We Owe Central American Migrants Much More Than This.
* Whiteness is the crisis.
* The buses came right into the camps, in the middle of the courtyard there was a place separated by barbed wire, and the buses came into this area very fast. The children were told to leave the bus because one bus followed the next at great speed, and they had to make way for the buses behind them.
And so these unfortunate children were completely disorientated and at a loss; they left the buses in silence. They were taken in groups roughly corresponding to the numbers in each bus – there were sometimes fifty, sixty, eighty children.
The older ones held the younger ones by the hand, no one was allowed to go near these children apart from a few people amongst us, including myself, who had special permission. They were taken into rooms in which there were no furnishings but only straw mattresses on the ground – mattresses which were filthy, disgusting and full of vermin.
Question: Mr Wellers: Did all these children know their own names?
Answer: No, there were many infants two, three, four years old who did not even know what their names were. When trying to identify them, we sometimes asked a sister, an older brother – sometimes we simply asked other children if they knew them, in order to find out to find out what they were called.
* As the American detainee crisis deepens, Australia's own immigration catastrophe points to a bleaker future.
* Hitler goes west: The secret plans for Nazi America.
* How to sleep at night when families are being separated at the border.
* We're Not Better Than This. But We Can Try to Be.
* Former Border Patrol Agent To Current Agents: Refuse Orders To Separate Children.
* Takei: "At Least During the Internment…"
pic.twitter.com/flVdCp7iGH
— David Wallace-Wells (@dwallacewells) June 23, 2018
* States of Emergency: Imagining a politics for an age of accelerated climate change.
* White supremacy after Vietnam.
* Forty-Five Things I Learned in the Gulag.
1. The extreme fragility of human culture, civilization. A man becomes a beast in three weeks, given heavy labor, cold, hunger, and beatings.
* Boomers, man.
* Trump's Military Drops a Bomb Every 12 Minutes, and No One Is Talking About It.
* Meanwhile, Trump's cabinet is corruption central.
* Melania Trump Plays the Role of Medieval Queen.
* That D&D thread above linked up nicely with this vintage SMBC that popped across my feed this morning.
* Engineered for Dystopia.
In times like these it is important to remember that border walls, nuclear missiles, and surveillance systems do not work, and would not even exist, without the cooperation of engineers. We must begin teaching young engineers that their field is defined by care and humble assistance, not blind obedience to authority. Without this crucial first step, organizing engineers' labor in Silicon Valley and elsewhere may only yield counter-productive results. After all, police have benefited from some of the most powerful union representation and that has not proven liberatory for anyone. It is only after the engineering profession takes its place among other professions—ones that recognized their power and created systems of independent review and accountability—and comes to terms with its relationship to ethics and morals, can it be trusted to organize. Only then can we trust them to leave the siege engines behind and join us in building something new.
* Summoning the Future: The story of the British National Health Service, one of the twentieth century's great working-class achievements.
* Auditioning for the Supreme Court: Republican judge orders the entire Consumer Financial Protection Bureau eliminated.
* Possible environmental factor for type-2 diabetes identifies: a chemical found in teeth-whitening toothpaste. Here's the study.
* Another round of images from the Bodleian's Tolkien art exhibit.
* Desistance and detransitioning stories value cis anxiety over trans lives.
* Shots Not Fired: A new Oregon law takes guns from people who may do harm.
* An oral history of "Because the Night."
* The fall of New York and the urban crisis of affluence.
These stores, like so many others in my neighborhood, have not been replaced. They are simply . . . gone. In an informal survey of Broadway, from 93rd Street to 103rd, I recently counted twenty-four vacant storefronts—many of them very large spaces, enough to account for roughly one third of the street frontage. Nearly all of them have been empty now for months or even years.
* Time travel on the blockchain.
* A history of modern capitalism from the perspective of the straw.
* Amazon Workers Demand Jeff Bezos Cancel Face Recognition Contracts With Law Enforcement. Microsoft, under fire for ICE deal, says it's 'dismayed' by family separations at border. A Cloud Is Not Just a Cloud.
* Subscribe, you loathsome, miserable worms. Historical New York Times tweets.
* National Enquirer sent stories about Trump to his attorney Michael Cohen before publication, people familiar with the practice say.
* When platforms that aggregate, distribute and monetize news — Apple, Google, Facebook — share revenues with publishers, maybe they should check against a provenance service to find out whether they're rewarding someone who did original journalism, or someone who's simply chasing clicks. Perhaps one or more platform would end up sharing revenues between the publisher that captured the clicks and the one that initially sponsored the investigation.
* A study exploring the impact of lecture capture availability and lecture capture usage on student attendance and attainment.
* The possibility of vacuum decay has come up a lot lately because measurements of the mass of the Higgs boson seem to indicate the vacuum is metastable. But there are good reasons to think some new physics will intervene and save the day.
* We have hints of a theory beyond quantum physics.
* With the Switch, the 130-year-old gaming giant has once again turned reports of its demise into Nintendo Mania. The Legend of Nintendo.
* Office classics.
* The case against the case for the humanities, Stanley Fish edition.
So is there anything left once the justifications I have surveyed prove to be at best partial and at worse delusional? Well, what's left is the position articulated by Oakeshott, a position I have always held, a position Small names the "intrinsic value" or "for its own sake" position. This position has the great advantage not of providing a justification but of making a virtue of the unavailability of one. Justification is always a mug's game, for it involves a surrender to some measure or criterion external to the humanities. The person or persons who ask us as academic humanists to justify what we do is asking us to justify what we do in his terms, not ours. Once we pick up that challenge, we have lost the game, because we are playing on the other guy's court, where all the advantage and all of the relevant arguments and standards of evidence are his. The justification of the humanities is not only an impossible task but an unworthy one, because to engage in it is to acknowledge, if only implicitly, that the humanities cannot stand on their own and do not on their own have an independent value. Of course the assertion of an independent value and the refusal to attach that value to any external good bring us back to the public-relations question: How are we going to sell this? The answer is. again, that we can't.
* Here's How That Tablet On The Table At Your Favorite Restaurant Is Hurting Your Waiter.
* There could be as many as 7000 tigers living in American backyards.
* RIP, Koko. More here and here.
* Needle exchanges have been proved to work against opioid addiction. They're banned in 15 states.
* "Falling Out of Love With the Nerdist Podcast: The allegations against Chris Hardwick mark the end of a complicated era."
* MIT Clears Junot Díaz to Teach.
* The end of Starbucks.
* Hyperexploitation at the laugh factory.
* Why are game companies so afraid of the politics in their games?
* Black Panther and the Black Panthers.
* A Brief History of Soviet Sci-fi.
* Octavia Butler Google Doodle.
* For one brief, shining moment, the Star Wars anthology films were being cancelled.
* Don't give me good news, I'm too depressed.
* And here comes the Space Force. Would you like to know more?
Tagged with #MeToo, academia, actually existing media bias, affluence, Amazon, America, animal intelligence, animals, apocalypse, art, asylum, Australia, Baby Boomers, Because the Night, Bitcoin, Black Panther, Black Panthers, blockchain, border patrol, camps, capitalism, Captain Picard, Central America, CFPs, children, Chris Hardwick, cix anxiety, class struggle, climate change, cloud computing, comedy, concentration camps, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, corruption, democracy, deportation, desistance, detransition, diabetes, Disney, don't mention the war, Donald Trump, drugs, Dungeons and Dragons, dystopia, ecology, emergency, engineers, fandom, fascism, futurity, games, gentrification, gig economy, global south, Google, Google doodles, gorillas, gulags, guns, health care, Hitler, How the University Works, hyperexploitation, ice, immigration, It Can't Happen Here, James Hansen, Jeff Bezos, journalism, journamalism, Junot Díaz, kidnappers, Koko, labor, lecture capture, Lord of the Rings, Marvel, Marxism, MCU, Melania Trump, Michael Cohen, Microsoft, migrants, MIT, moral panic, Natural Enquirer, Nazis, needle exchange, Nerdist, New York, New York Times, NHS, Nintendo, Octavia Butler, Oregon, Patty Smith, pedagogy, physics, plastic straws, podcast, politics, Polygraph, precarity, quantum physics, queens, rape, rape culture, Republicans, science fiction, science fiction studies, sign language, sociology, Soviet science fiction, Soviet Union, Space Force, Space Marines, Springsteen, standup comedy, Stanley Fish, Star Trek, Star Wars, Starbucks, Starship Troopers, Supreme Court, tabloids, teaching, technopositivity, the cosmos, the courts, the Holocaust, the humanities, the law, tigers, time travel, TNG, Tolkien, trans* issues, transition, Tumbr, United Kingdom, USSR, vacuum decay, Vietnam, voting, war huh good god y'all what is it good for? absolutely nothing say it again, war on drugs opioids, white nationalism, white people, white supremacy, whiteness, work
Monday Morning Links! All of Them! ALL OF THEM
* Of course you had me at Zelda propaganda posters.
* Special issue of Deletion: Punking Science Fiction.
* Editorial: We Should Create a Honors College to Propagandize on Behalf of the People Who Already Control Everything.
* Victory in Ireland.
* A surprisingly large number of Obama-era ICE and HHS horrors got rediscovered as if they were new to Trump this weekend. This is a case where Trump's horror truly is as much continuity as break.
My grandfather prosecuted Dachau war criminals. Later he wrote a book called "After Fifteen Years." Its premise was that Nazism can happen anywhere, once good people start believing lies while not believing that those who are different from them are human beings.
— Robert Draper (@DraperRobert) May 26, 2018
I think "abolish ICE" is the moderate position and "arrest ICE's leaders and put them on trial" is the progressive position, but that's me.
by the time the 2020 primary arrives (like next month) the squishy centrist position should be "not ALL ICE employees should serve life sentences"
— Atrios (@Atrios) May 27, 2018
* Even despite that continuity, though, we seem to be moving to a new energy state: Taking Children from Their Parents Is A Form of State Terror.
"My son was crying as I put him in the seat. I did not even have a chance to try to comfort my son, because the officers slammed the door shut as soon as he was in his seat. I was cry, too. I cry even now when I think about that moment when the border officers took my son away." pic.twitter.com/2EmdndFIKo
— Chris Hayes (@chrislhayes) May 25, 2018
Man. I reread the Parable books recently. First time I read them, I thought Butler was going too hard on the predation of children. But she was right in this, too. We are a nation that devours children screaming, then blames them for making too much noise in their pain.
— N. K. Jemisin (@nkjemisin) May 25, 2018
* Fighting spectacle with snores, or why Trump could easily win a second term.
* Is America heading for a new kind of civil war?
extremely healthy society that has absolutely nothing to worry about pic.twitter.com/VOyqESV6To
— Gerry Canavan (@gerrycanavan) May 28, 2018
* Fascism is back; blame the Internet.
* Genocide in Yemen.
* I was Jordan Peterson's strongest supporter. Now I think he's dangerous.
* After a white supremacist killed a protester in Charlottesville in 2017, Facebook pushed to re-educate its moderators about hate speech groups in the US, and spell out the distinction from nationalism and separatism, documents obtained by Motherboard show.
* Wisconsin Prisons Incarcerate Most Black Men In U.S. Milwaukee PD Misconduct Has Cost the City $22 Million Since 2015.
* When a Nashville man named Matthew Charles was released from prison early in 2016 after a sentence reduction, he'd spent almost half his life behind bars. But in a rare move, a federal court ruled his term was reduced in error and ordered him back behind bars to finish his sentence.
* Man, 79, sentenced to 90 days of house arrest in 5-year-old girl's rape.
* She Went to Interview Morgan Freeman. Her Story Became Much Bigger.
* This has created a problem that has not been seen before: voluntary, intentional, migrating, mobile, functional, litter. The bikes and scooters are disruptive to the locations where they are abandoned and, because they are constantly moving, the issues of abandonment and refuse are constantly cycling (sorry) throughout an urban region. Yesterday's bike or scooter blight might be around today, or it might move for a few days and then return. In short, the bikes and scooters share a civic pattern similar to that of homelessness. Thus, in an unexpected way, the dockless bikes and scooters are also competing with the homeless for pieces of urban space upon which to temporarily rest.
* Mike Meru, a 37-year-old orthodontist, made a big investment in his education. As of Thursday, he owed $1,060,945.42 in student loans.
* Executives of big U.S. companies suggest that the days of most people getting a pay raise are over, and that they also plan to reduce their work forces further. Also, rich people are going to be needing your blood so they can stay young forever, just FYI.
* Be more like Chipotle, Jerry Brown tells California universities.
* Report Says Rising CO2 Levels Are Ruining Rice. Allergy Explosion Linked to Climate Change.
* For Women of Color, the Child-Welfare System Functions Like the Criminal-Justice System.
* Now that's what I call ideological state apparatus™.
* A new front in the drug war.
* HUGE IF TRUE: Hollywood isn't on the side of the resistance.
* Teen Vogue and woke capital.
* Antonin Scalia was wrong about the meaning of 'bear arms.' I think a better description here is "not even wrong"; originalism is a rhetorical style, not a claim of fact.
* Sexpat Journalists Are Ruining Asia Coverage.
* A People's History of Superstar Limo, Disney's "worst attraction ever."
* Solo crashes and burns, even underperforming Justice League. I haven't seen it yet, but it certainly sounds like it had it coming. Relatedly: The Ringer takes a deep dive into the now-decanonized Han Solo prequels from the EU.
The Force Awakens: Female lead, $247M opening weekend
Rogue One: Female lead, $155M opening weekend
The Last Jedi: Female lead, $220M opening weekend
Solo: Male lead, $83M opening weekend (3-day)
Thus, the obvious conclusion:
LEIA: A Star Wars Story, December 2020 pic.twitter.com/QJdjW1nZva
— John Scalzi (@scalzi) May 27, 2018
* Wakanda fans might be interested in the very odd turn the comics have taken. Relatedly: 'Black Panther' meets history, and things get complicated.
* Janelle Monáe for President.
* Conducting a posthumous interview with science-fiction author Octavia E. Butler. Your People Will Find You: A Podcast with the Octavia E. Butler Legacy Network. And Ayana Jamieson's authorized biography of Butler has a Patreon.
* This LARB review of Neal Stephenson and Nicole Galland's The Rise and Fall of D.O.D.O. made me very interested in reading it.
* Built in 718 AD, Hōshi is the second oldest ryokan (hotel or inn) in the world and, with 46 consecutive generations of the same family running it, is hands down the longest running known family business in history.
With the passing of Alan Bean, eight of the twelve humans who have walked on the moon are dead. The youngest survivor, Charles Duke, is 82.
— Angus Johnston (@studentactivism) May 26, 2018
* Wendy Brown at UC: What Kind of World Do You Want to Live In?
* Interesting Twitter thread on emergency and the suspension of the law.
* Half the budget, half the fun: A Star Trek World May Be Coming to Universal Studios.
* Power vs. responsibleness. Politics y'all. Existence is objectively good.
* This is an urgent reminder: Mindflayers are not sympathetic.
* As Kip Manley said, this is the flag of the Anthropocene.
Earth's average temperature since 1850 — the most beautiful representation of a terrifying trend I've ever seen.
Image by the inimitable @ed_hawkins
Raw data and other visualizations: https://t.co/WZLJXRjvv6 pic.twitter.com/vuUPvASbsv
— Eric Holthaus (@EricHolthaus) May 25, 2018
* And I want to believe! US aircraft carrier was stalked for days by a UFO travelling at 'ballistic missile speed' which could hover above the sea for six days, leaked Pentagon report reveals.
Tagged with #MeToo, #TheResistance, academia, Afrofuturism, allergies, America, Antonin Scalia, apocalypse, Asia, austerity, Ayana Jamieson, Barack Obama, Black Panther, canon, carbon, children, Chipotle, Civil War, class struggle, climate change, comics, cyberpunk, dark side of the digital, deportation, Disney, Donald Trump, drug war, Dungeons and Dragons, ecology, emergency, existence, Expanded Universe, Facebook, family businesses, fascism, Fermi problem, games, general election 2020, genocide, gentrification, guns, Han Solo, Hollywood, homelessness, hotels, How the University Works, Hōshi, I want to believe, ice, ideological state apparatuses, immigration, Ireland, Janelle Monae, Japan, Jordan Peterson, journalism, Justice League, liberalism, Marvel, Milwaukee, mindflayers, misogyny, Morgan Freeman, Nashville, Nazism, Neal Stephenson, Nintendo, Octavia Butler, originalism, Parable of the Sower, Parable of the Talents, parents, police, police brutality, police violence, politics, pollution, Princess Leia, prison, prison-industrial complex, propaganda, race, racism, rape, rape culture, real wages, Rice, Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal, Saudi Arabia, science fiction, Second Amendment, sexism, sexpats, Silicon Valley, Solo, special issues, stagflation, Star Trek, Star Wars, state terror, student debt, student loans, Supreme Court, teaching, Teen Vogue, the Anthropocene, the courts, the Internet, the law, the Moon, the suspension of the law, the truth is out there, theme parks, time travel, trash, true crime, UFOs, UNC, victory, voting, Wakanda, war on education, Wisconsin, woke capitalism, women, Would you believe they put a man on the Moon?, Yemen, Zelda
Tuesday Links!
* CFP: Fourth Wave Feminism in Science Fiction & Fantasy.
* CFP: Sexual Violence, Social Movements, and Social Media.
* Tonight! I'm talking at this event about Black Panther, oppression, and liberation for the MU Amnesty International chapter.
* The Revealer has an excerpt from Sexism Ed: Essays on Gender and Labor in Academia.
* Kim Stanley Robinson Makes the Socialist Case for Space Exploration.
* Revisiting my nerd-fiction collection, I realize how much I needed pure lore when I was a kid, and how little I need it as an adult.
Re-reading Infinity Gauntlet and honestly it looks like Thanos was just trying to help. pic.twitter.com/PCBlHZsNv9
— Hucky Barnes: The Twintter Soldier (@TylerHuckabee) April 24, 2018
* How neoliberalism shapes the global economy and limits the power of democracies.
* America as glitching AI.
* The Professor Who's Warning the World About Facebook and Google.
* How Dual Enrollment Contributes to Inequality.
* Reading on the Chaos in the UW system.
* "Wisconsin Won't Remove Names of KKK Affiliates From Buildings. It Will Build an Exhibit Instead." Could do both, you know!
* Which Animal Kills the Most Humans?
* Woman condemned to live in hell forever.
* "James Cameron Compares His Avatar Sequels to The Godfather, But Admits That Could Be a Huge Mistake." Oh, you think that could be a mistake, do you?
* Obviously.
* The myth of an ending: why even removing Trump from office won't save American democracy.
* The good news for Trump is that this is the last bit of embarrassing tape footage out there [pauses, touches finger to ear] I'm being told the pee tape is real.
* Woman fined $500 for taking her in-flight apple off the plane.
* Shock report: Man whose only qualification was physical proximity to Trump may not be qualified to run the VA.
* Unbelievable desecration on the Cinderella Blu-ray. Who signed off on this?
The Blu-ray of CINDERELLA (right) has been so scrubbed of grain that they've actually destroyed the linework in some scenes pic.twitter.com/TlqiVk5eY6
— Stephen Duignan (@stephen_duignan) April 23, 2018
* Walking Dead and Fringe Director Seith Mann Will Bring BLACK to the Big Screen.
* The Science of Making CS Gas "Safe."
* She created a document to warn women of sexual harassers. It's haunted her ever since.
* This App Can Tell You the Indigenous History of the Land You Live On.
* Your Next Job Interview Could Be with a Racist Bot.
* Here come the climate gentrifiers.
* It's OK to Say if You Went Back in Time and Killed Baby Hitler.
This is like a painting from the Renaissance. pic.twitter.com/nhmxYxD0vC
— Frank Pallotta (@frankpallotta) April 22, 2018
* Husband-wife Gaffigan comedy team will be Marquette's spring commencement speakers.
* I say teach the controversy.
* And holy moly.
Southern Illinois University is recruiting PhD grads for VOLUNTEER faculty positions. Duties include teaching undergrad and grad classes, committee service, and thesis supervision. https://t.co/i1y84exQFc
— Melissa Hubbard (@melissa_hubbard) April 23, 2018
Tagged with #MassMarkets, #MeToo, a new life awaits you in the off-world colonies, academia, adjuntification, Afrofuturism, air travel, America, animals, apps, artificial intelligence, Avatar, black, Black Panther, Black Panther 2, blackmail, books, CFPs, chemical weapons, childhood, Cinderella, class struggle, climate change, commencement speakers, democracy, Disney, don't mention the war, Donald Trump, fantasy, feminism, film, franchises, gender, gentrification, glitches, history, Hot Pockets, How the University Works, indigenous futurism, indigenous peoples, inequality, Infinity War, Iraq, James Cameron, Jim Gaffigan, kids today, Kim Stanley Robinson, KKK, labor, liberation, Marquette, Marvel, MCU, memory, mere genre, migoyny, misogyny, my scholarly empire, neoliberalism, oppression, outer space, over-educated literary theory PhDs, pee tape, politics, protest, race, racism, rape, rape culture, reading, Russia, Ryan Cooler, science fiction, sexism, social media, Stargate, superheroes, The Godfather, the past isn't over it isn't even past, the university in ruins, the VA, time travel, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Stevens Point, Wisconsin
#OEBStudies for All Your #OEBStudies Needs
* I'm at the Huntington Library in Pasadena, presenting as part of the Octavia Butler studies conference here. Here's a great writeup from the organizers, Ayana Jamieson and Moya Bailey. Hashtag #OEBStudies!
* Lumenscent Threads: Knowing Octavia Butler through a Community That Loved Her.
* I also got in a big Twitter to-do with Noah Berlatsky about the Oankali, if you want some extra bonus OEB content.
* Then next week I'm back in California for the Science Fiction Research Association conference at Riverside, giving a talk called "No, Speed Limit: Hyperspace in the Anthropocene" (and doing a bunch of SFRA executive committee stuff too I guess).
* "Rakka," a nightmarish SF film from Neill Blomkamp, narrated by Sigourney Weaver. Seems almost like proof of concept for the Alien sequel they won't let him do…
* And why not? Here's an Irish one.
* The Han Solo prequel film, like every other Star Wars followup Disney has attempted, has encountered problems that have crashed production. This time they've fired the directors and brought in Ron Howard to attempt to salvage the project.
* Jon Ossoff's Georgia special election loss shows Democrats could use a substantive agenda. Nonsense! They're doing great. Why Jon Ossoff's loss is bad news for Democrats' 2018 hopes. Keep hope alive.
* Memo shows what major donors like Goldman Sachs want from the Democratic Party. Class struggle in America doesn't look exactly like you think.
* Who Is Getting Rich Off the Secret Health-Care Overhaul?
* Senate Health Bill Gives Huge Tax Cuts to Businesses, High-Income Households. G.O.P. Health Plan Is Really a Rollback of Medicaid. A helpful chart of the differences between the Senate and House bills and the status quo. The Senate health bill is a recipe for a death spiral. Wheelchairs and zip ties. The littlest lobbyist: a 6-year-old, whose life depends on ACA, heads to Capitol Hill. There will be deaths.
Republicans: we're going to decimate the healthcare system unimpeded
Democrats: that's it, we're gonna *pulls out posterboard* pic.twitter.com/aZ8tzwwCnY
— Ayesha A. Siddiqi (@AyeshaASiddiqi) June 23, 2017
2015-2016 was when i finally learned to spell "millennial"
2017 was when i finally learned to spell "guillotine"
— Gravitas Free Zone🤖 (@NoraReed) June 22, 2017
#TrumpcareInOneSentence pic.twitter.com/aeSQgEZ3jS
— WorkingFamiliesParty (@WorkingFamilies) June 22, 2017
* Going on Fox News cost me my job, professor claims.
* Don't Trust a Republican Just Because He Hates Trump.
Frum, McMullin, etc will all sit 2020 out or reluctantly / not-so-reluctantly endorse a supposedly improved Trump over an unacceptable Dem. https://t.co/ZL7o44sxqs
— Gerry Canavan (@gerrycanavan) June 21, 2017
* Corey Robin on China Miéville's October.
* The Pittsburgh Fairy Tale: Pittsburgh's much-touted revival has remade the region for the wealthy while leaving workers and the poor behind.
* Twilight of the CEOs. Uber doesn't even currently have a CEO, COO, CFO, or CMO, "in addition to other open positions."
* What if the Watchmen adaptation that shouldn't have happened in the first place happened again, but more so?
* Ted Chiang was right! Attractive Students Get Higher Grades.
* "The Castile case reminds me of a weird pattern we always see in the inevitable defenses of police who've shot innocent people."
* Probably the only good thing that has ever happened on Twitter.
* Hunting for Antibiotics in the World's Dirtiest Places.
* To even begin to defend Kipnis's actions requires some serious leaps of logic, but Kipnis gamely tries.
* The New Free Speech is a right-wing grift, part 29.
* "North Carolina is the only state in U.S. where no doesn't mean no."
* "Bill Cosby to Teach Young People How to Avoid Sexual Assault Charges."
I think it's unrealistic that Offred didn't flee America before the final takeover. https://t.co/vbLWS1iW5b
* But it's not ALL deranged misogyny! N.H. Republicans Accidentally Approved a Bill Allowing Pregnant Women to Commit Murder.
* Looks like the marketing team have had a word.
* This seems fine: Elections officials outgunned in Russia's cyberwar against America.
* #TheResistance.
* Sega!
Tagged with #BlackLivesMatter, #TheResistance, A Series of Unfortunate Events, AHCA, Alien, America, antibiotics, Bill Cosby, calliagnosia, CEOs, charts, China Miéville, class struggle, consent, Dawn, DC Comics, democrat, Democrats, disability, Disney, Donald Trump, elections, Elon Musk, Fox News, free speech, games, general election 2020, gentrification, Georgia, Gilead, Goldman Sachs, Han Solo, Handmaid's Tale, HBO, health care, health insurance, Huntington Library, hyperspace, Ireland, jokes, Jon Ossoff, Laura Kipnis, Liking What You See: A Documentary, maps, Mars, midterm election 2018, murder, my scholarly empire, Neill Blomkamp, North Carolina, Octavia Butler, October, Parable of the Trickster, Paul F. Tompkins, Philando Castile, Pittsburgh, police state, police violence, politics, Rakka, rape, rape culture, Republicans, Ron Howard, Russia, Russian Revolution, science, science fiction, Science Fiction Research Association, Sega, Star Wars, Ted Chiang, Title IX, Twitter, Uber, University of Wisconsin, Watchmen, Wisconsin, Xenogenesis
Mother's Day Links!
* Happy Mother's Day! You Will Hate Your Husband After Your Kid Is Born.
* Humbled to be a finalist for a 2017 Locus Award.
* I'd like to apologize in advance, but after consulting with my colleagues in other departments at Reality Publishing Corporation, I'm afraid we can't publish your book, Zero Day: The Story of MS17-010, as things stand. However, I'd like to add that it was a gripping read, very well written, and we hope to see more from you in future! The World Is Getting Hacked. Why Don't We Do More to Stop It?
* It is the iPad that sits on a counter at the entrance, with a typed little note: "Here is a glimpse of what you're missing over at the main terminal right now."
* A pair of provocatively negative takes on Donna Haraway's recent work.
* Meet The Techno-Libertarians Praying for Dystopia.
* Genetically engineered humans will arrive sooner than you think. And we're not ready.
* Transforming deaf culture at Gallaudet.
* The future is here, it just hasn't been properly risk assessed yet.
* Teeth and the class struggle.
* Why Milwaukee is among top cities for sex trafficking, what's being done about it.
* Exploitation and Abuse at the Chicken Plant.
* When Will Republicans Stand Up to Trump? Will they even ever criticize him on the record? Oh honey. No one in politics has less courage or shame than Paul Ryan. But the real heart of anti-anti-Trumpism is the delight in the frustration and anger of his opponents. Mr. Trump's base is unlikely to hold him either to promises or tangible achievements, because conservative politics is now less about ideas or accomplishments than it is about making the right enemies cry out in anguish. How Worried Should I Be? And just in case you need the reminder: The FBI Is Not Your Friend.
* Cuomo 2020!
* At 3 a.m., NC Senate GOP strips education funding from Democrats' districts.
* In Wisconsin, ID law proved insurmountable for many voters. Meet Trump's voter suppression task force.
* "The Rent Eats First": Fighting Gentrification in California.
* Gaslighting and Dolezal/Tuvel (and academia more generally).
* Abolish Jeff Sessions.
* Jason Chaffetz Has Been Telling House Republicans He Will Join Fox News. There should be a ten-year ban on politicians and political staff going to media (and vice versa), like with lobbying and the military.
* Man who doesn't understand the first thing about diabetes says diabetics deserve to be sick.
* For 15 years, Pixar was the best on the planet. Then Disney bought it.
* Depletion of dissolved oxygen in our oceans, which can cause dead zones, is occurring much faster than expected, a new study finds.
* New York Times publisher sends personal appeal to those who canceled over Bret Stephens, then publishes garbage column by Erick Ericsson for some reason. Six Ways The New York Times Could Genuinely Make Its Op-Ed More Representative of America.
* As far as I'm concerned they should do the whole movie this way.
* No! That's not true! That's impossible!
* Yale History's Major Comeback.
* The future looks bright. Hunt Tories, not foxes. Fandom, or, academia. Still one of my favorite sets of images on the Internet. Tumblr, perfected.
* And at least there's something to look forward to.
Tagged with 2018, academia, actually existing media bias, Andrew Cuomo, animation, apocalypse, Arrested Development, Bret Stephens, California, Charlie Stross, class struggle, climate change, computers, deaf culture, deafness, Democratic primary 2020, dental insurance, diabetes, Disney, Donald Trump, Donna Haraway, drug war, dystopia, eating meat, ecology, Episode 8, Erick Ericsson, fandom, FBI, fox hunting, Fox News, foxes, futurity, Gallaudet, games, gaslighting, general election 2020, genetic engineering, gentrification, hacking, Handmaid's Tale, health insurance, history majors, How the University Works, human trafficking, James Comey, Japan, Jason Chaffetz, Jeff Sessions, kids today, Kylo Ren, labor, LAX, Locus Award, marriage, Milwaukee, Mother's Day, New York Times, Nintendo, North Carolina, NSA, ocean acidification, Octavia Butler, parenting, patriarchy, Paul Ryan, Pixar, polirics, President Supervillain, Rachel Dolezal, Rebecca Tuvel, Republicans, rich people, science fiction, Star Wars, teeth, the Chthulhucene, The Last Jedi, the rent is too damn high, the Singularity, voter ID, voter suppression, war on drugs, Wisconsin, Yale


text:
<?php

namespace Behat\Behat\Context;

/**
 * Translated context interface.
 *
 * @author Konstantin Kudryashov <ever.zet@gmail.com>
 */
interface TranslatedContextInterface extends ContextInterface
{
    /**
     * Returns array of i18n XLIFF files paths.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getTranslationResources();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How to retrieve a process cmdline after setproctitle? I tried looking at how sshd spawns its processes and caught something like sshd: [priv] in the process list. When I tried reading /proc/pid/cmdline I got the sshd: [priv] name but I was wondering how to retrieve the original command line?
I know that in the sshd case I can simply look at the sources, but is there a way from just using what the system provides?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Our Marbella people interview today is with Sandra Europe.
So Sandra, What do you do for a living?
I have been running a Ladies Club and a Business Speed Networking Club in Mallorca which has been very successful. I have now brought this new concept to the Coast here in Marbella which is also proving popular with business people.
Also i am a spinning instructor and concentrate on beginners and improvers to spinning as I don't do 'manic' which can really put people off the fantastic cardio work out which Spinning gives.
I first came to the Costa 4 years ago, when recuperating from a serious accident (fracturing C6 & C7 vertebrae and paralysed, more on all that on my Bio on my website) which was in the Channel Islands where i lived for over 30 years.
One of my personal accomplishments was finishing the London Marathon when i was 40 in 5.5 hours. Also winning a rowing race from Jersey to France in under 3 hours.
It's alive! With many vibrant, positive people. I love the sea, sun and mountains, a great contrast.
Asking the bin men to empty at decent hours not in the middle of the night! and barking dogs left in unattended apartments.
The Wok at Myramar, Fuengirola… You can choose all the healthy options and then get it cooked for you exactly as you want it.
Rent rather than buy to really get the feel of exactly where you want to live along the Coast as there are lots of nice places.
Costa Advice Bureau in Mijas Pueblo…. Lisa is very professional and takes all the worry if you are concerned about anything in Spain.
Costa Business Club's speed networking Events!
Speed networking is an efficient and cost effective way to promote your business face-to-face, build new business to business relationships and increase your client base.
Speed networking is a new concept of networking and a much more structured approach to traditional business networking events. During a 2 hour event you will have a series of 1-2-1 "mini-meetings" with many business professionals. Each meeting lasts approx. 6-8 minutes with each person getting 3-4 minutes to speak about their respective businesses. The event host will call time and you then move onto your next meeting. In this way you can quickly learn about other individuals and their businesses and establish whether pursuing a business relationship would be beneficial.


text:
Q: How do I get a list in to a function with an if else statement in python to create a variable? How would I get these lists to pass through my function (is that the correct terminiology)?
Lists:
temp_a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
temp_b = [2, 2, 3, 4, 1]
temp_c = [1, 0, 2, 2, 1]

Function (I have just put in the * here, but I want to define the list in the function):
def temp_class(temperature):
temp_class = []
for i in *:
    if i < 3:
        temp_class.append(0)
    else:
        temp_class.append(1)

Example that doesn't work:
temp_value = [tempclass(t) for t in temp_a] #initial function is wrong
print(temp_value)

What is wrong here? I have tried to look on Stack Overflow and elsewhere, but can't find anything. Maybe I am using the wrong terminology.
What do I use instead of the *?

A: I gues you are looking for the asteriks arguments:
def foo(*args, **kwargs):
    print(args)
    print(kwargs)

test:
foo([1,2,3], bar1="foobar", bar2="foobar2" )

([1, 2, 3],)
{'bar1': 'foobar', 'bar2': 'foobar2'}

A: Maybe this will be more readable (foo and bar return the exact same result):
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# With map+lambda
def foo(array):
    return map(lambda x: 0 if x < 3 else 1, array)

# With list comprehension
def bar(array):
    return [0 if x < 3 else 1 for x in array]

print(foo(a))  # [0, 0, 1, 1, 1]
print(bar(a))  # [0, 0, 1, 1, 1]

A: I think I understood what you want to do and here is how you do it:
all list = [temp_a,temp_b,temp_c]
temp_list = []
def temp_class(temperature):
    for i in temperature:
        if i < 3:
            temp_class.append(0)
        else:
            temp_class.append(1)

and then just call your function like so:
[tempclass(t) for t in all_list]
print temp_list

A: It looks like you are trying to map each of your temp lists to their equivalent class lists, in which case it would be a good idea to pass the temp list itself as an argument to the function:
def temp_class(temp_list):
    temp_class = []
    for i in temp_list:
        if i < 3:
            temp_class.append(0)
        else:
            temp_class.append(1)
    return temp_class

If you want to have a function that accomplishes the same thing in a cleaner way (same as Maor's approach), you can do:
def temp_class(temp_list):
    return list(map(lambda t: 0 if t < 3 else 1, temp_list))

In this way, you will be able to get the class mapping of temp_a, for example, in this way:
print(temp_a)
>>>[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

temp_a_class = temp_class(temp_a)

print(temp_a_class)
>>>[0, 0, 1, 1, 1]

and the class mapping for temp_b in this way:
print(temp_b)
>>>[2, 2, 3, 4, 1]

temp_b_class = temp_class(temp_b)

print(temp_b_class)
>>>[0, 0, 1, 1, 0]

and so on.


Displaying 1 - 20 of 118 results.
Kel-Tec P-32 P-32 7+1 32ACP 2.
A United States manufacturer of firearms. Founded in 1991 and based in Cocoa, Florida, the company has manufactured firearms since 1995, starting with semi-automatic pistols and expanding to rifles and then shotguns. Kel-Tec is a privately owned Florida corporation. Kel-Tec firearms are covered by their lifetime warranty!


Nicotine is a very addictive substance that can be hard to quit. But, with the right information, motivation, encouragement and techniques, quitting your nicotine habit does not have to be long, difficult or painful.
I want to quit smoking, what should I do?
We design an individual plan of action that is specifically designed to work for your particular circumstances. We can help you achieve the things you want to achieve – whether you prefer to cut down slowly, or quit suddenly; whether you intend to never ever smoke again, or have an occasional celebratory cigar at Christmas or a family wedding. The important thing is to put you back in control so that you have real choices and effective ways to implement your own decisions.
How long will it take to quit?
At the first session we will give you an indication of how many sessions you are likely to require – but you only pay for the sessions you need and in our experience two sessions is the average number required to give up smoking completely!


This page contains a single entry by gugod published on May 13, 2009 10:41 AM.
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