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All Posts in Tag
Apartments for 2017/2018 School Year
October 11, 2016 in Uncategorized, News, West Chester
We will be posting all available student apartments for the 2017/2018 school year on November 1, 2016. Listings on our website prior to that date are either non student rentals OR only available immediately.
By Delina Joyce
September 27, 2016 in News, West Chester, Events
Hard to believe that it is already time for students to be apartment hunting for the 2017/2018 school year! Sign up for our newsletter to be kept in the loop about the Zukin Realty plans. We will start showing apartments in early November and will start accepting applications on November 8.
The Spence Building: A Historical Restoration with an Eye on the Future January 26, 2023
Safety Tips for College Students January 25, 2023


Hey All! I live in beautiful Manhattan and work down New York City. I decided to name my blog Espresso and Stilettos because I feel as though those two things describe me better than anything else. I actually work for a coffee company on the marketing team and I live in stilettos. I have a passion for many things including working out, my shih-tzu Oliver, hanging with my gals (& guys), and most of all: coffee. While this blog will mostly be dedicated to my musings about coffee, I will probably talk about other things as well, such as my budding career as a model. I love working in the coffee business and pride myself in my work and education, but I also love modeling and the experiences I get to enjoy working in this field. I plan to always keep my career in the coffee industry and model on the side, but who knows where my path will lead. I hope you enjoy my blog – it's really just for fun.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Our Lowes check quilted flannelette shirt are a staple style in every man's wardrobe! This comfortable cotton/polyester blend shirt features a classic check pattern and twin chest button down pockets for a polished twist. Extra lining to keep you warm!


Street food cart specializing in international BBQ flavours and house-cured and smoked creations.
Sorry, we don't know when MeatVentures Meat Wagon will be open next. We last saw them on August 21, 2016 at Seven Sundays in Gage Park. Check back soon — as soon as they post their schedule it will show up on this page.
Do you own MeatVentures Meat Wagon? Sign in to post your schedule.


It's tough to miss the John Deere-green roof on our building, surrounded by green and yellow John Deere equipment, when you're driving up North Mills River Road in Mills River, North Carolina. It's located right next to Ingles Markets and Tenpenny's Auto Services. Stop by today for all of your John Deere parts, equipment and service needs.


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To usher in the final weeks of the St. Petersburg mayoral race, incumbent Rick Kriseman is calling in a political heavy hitter — veteran Democratic consultant Omar Khan.
Kahn is joining the Kriseman campaign as a senior adviser.
An alum of the Barack Obama administration, Khan previously served as Assistant Federal Trade Representative for intergovernmental and public engagement. Before that, he was Director of Public Engagement for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Director of Congressional and Intergovernmental Relations for the Hurricane Sandy Recovery Task Force.
As for his various political campaigns, Khan worked as National Associate Political Director for Obama's 2012 re-election effort and held various leadership roles in the 2008 Obama Presidential Campaign throughout several states.
Locally, Khan managed Charlie Crist's 2014 gubernatorial bid; he first rose to prominence by helping former state Rep. Charlie Justice win a highly competitive 2006 state senate race in Pinellas County. Khan recently teamed up with Democratic businessman Chris King in support of his bid for Florida governor.
"I love him. He loves Florida," Crist told The Washington Post in 2014.
The one-time University of South Florida student body president began his political career as a congressional intern for U.S. Rep. Nancy Pelosi of California and is a recipient of the Washington Center Diversity Leadership Scholarship.
Khan also serves as a Senior Vice president for the public strategy firm Mercury based in its New York office.
Kriseman faces former Mayor Rick Baker, a Republican, in a contentious campaign that took a brief hiatus last week as St. Pete dealt with the aftereffects of Hurricane Irma. Mail ballots are scheduled to go out Oct. 3 — one week from Tuesday. Election Day is Nov. 7.


FRESH MEETS RETURN TO BHP FUEL FEST!!!
ONE OF OUR BIGGEST AND HOTTEST SHOWS TO DATE!!
2017 WAS A SCORCHER, AND WE HAD OVER 45 CARS ON SHOW!
We are Showing! Sign Up Quick to Avoid Disappointment! This is an Event NOT to be Missed! FRESH MEETS are going back for the second year in a row, lets make it the best yet!!!
Tickets Have to be Booked In Advance If you Want to Show With FRESH! through our Club Stand Bookings - Please Contact an Admin!
BHP Fuel Fest returns on Sunday June 17th 2018, The SW Fathers Day out. Features trade area, kids zone, live demonstrations, top 60 indoor show and shine , outdoor show and shine, club displays, drifting, stunt show, gymkhana plus much more.


In 1960, a strange bone cutting tool was discovered during the excavation of a prehistoric site in Zaire.
Investigate these numbers and their properties.
Do you think that they are just random, or can you see any patterns?
How do you think that the scratchings should be grouped?
Can you create a hypothesis as to the meaning of the scratches or why they might have been made?
Why are you making a hypothesis and not a proof?
Would it ever be possible to be certain of the meanings of the scratches?
Imagine that you find another similar bone which was created according to your rules. What different patterns of scratches could it exhibit?
This bone is around 20,000 years old and is one of the oldest known artefacts exhibiting mathematical structure. Although there are many theories about the meaning of the scratches nobody knows for sure what their purpose is. Perhaps if another similar artefact were found in reality then evidence for the different sorts of hypotheses would grow. It might even be that you will come up with a really clear explanation of all of the scratches which nobody has yet thought about!
You might like to read about this artefact on the wikipedia , from which the images were taken.
A conference was held in 2007 to discuss the Ishango bone. Read more about this here: http://etopia.sintlucas.be/3.14/Ishango_meeting/Ishango_meeting.htm . Older readers might also like to read a professional archeological assessment of this problem Mathematics in (central) africa before colonisation by Dirk Huylebrouck.
Another interesting mathematical artefact, which has a more convinving explanation, is analysed in the problem Babylon Numbers .
Representing. History of mathematics. Physics. History of measurement. Famous mathematicians. Time. Sine, cosine, tangent. History of number systems. Mathematical reasoning & proof. Making and testing hypotheses.


Are you Black Magic, Wings or Salute? Find out which Little Mix song best relates to YOU! – MP!
Are you Black Magic, Wings or Salute? Find out which Little Mix song best relates to YOU!
We're still fangirling over the new Little Mix single 'Black Magic' (and have been playing it 24/7 at MP! HQ), so we have taken the time to come up with a lil quiz that lets you find out which single from our fave ladies best relates to you best. Cool, right?
Take the quiz below and let us know which result best fits you! We personally hope we get Black Magic – an excuse to play the song even more.
Next article MP!er Katherine shares her thoughts on Julie Kagawa's 'Talon Saga'. Dragons becoming humans in a sunny California – you need to read this!
MP!er Katherine shares her thoughts on Julie Kagawa's 'Talon Saga'. Dragons becoming humans in a sunny California – you need to read this!
In honour of Malorie Blackman's 'Chasing the Stars', we share some of our favourite YA Shakespeare re-tellings!


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package galaxyspace.systems.SolarSystem.planets.overworld.blocks.machines;

import asmodeuscore.api.item.IShiftDescription;
import galaxyspace.GalaxySpace;
import galaxyspace.systems.SolarSystem.planets.overworld.tile.TileEntityHydroponicFarm;
import micdoodle8.mods.galacticraft.core.GCBlocks;
import micdoodle8.mods.galacticraft.core.blocks.BlockAdvancedTile;
import micdoodle8.mods.galacticraft.core.blocks.ISortableBlock;
import micdoodle8.mods.galacticraft.core.util.EnumSortCategoryBlock;
import micdoodle8.mods.galacticraft.core.util.GCCoreUtil;
import net.minecraft.block.SoundType;
import net.minecraft.block.state.IBlockState;
import net.minecraft.entity.player.EntityPlayer;
import net.minecraft.item.ItemStack;
import net.minecraft.tileentity.TileEntity;
import net.minecraft.util.EnumBlockRenderType;
import net.minecraft.util.EnumFacing;
import net.minecraft.util.EnumHand;
import net.minecraft.util.math.BlockPos;
import net.minecraft.world.World;

public class BlockHydroponicFarm extends BlockAdvancedTile implements IShiftDescription, ISortableBlock{

	public BlockHydroponicFarm()
    {
        super(GCBlocks.machine);
        this.setUnlocalizedName("hydroponic_farm");
        this.setHardness(1.0F);
        this.setSoundType(SoundType.METAL);
    }

	@Override
    public EnumBlockRenderType getRenderType(IBlockState state)
    {
        return EnumBlockRenderType.INVISIBLE;
    }

	@Override
	public boolean canPlaceBlockAt(World world, BlockPos pos)
    {
		if(world.getBlockState(pos.down(3)).getBlock() == this)
		{
			return false;
		}
		return true;
    }

	@Override
    public boolean onMachineActivated(World world, BlockPos pos, IBlockState state, EntityPlayer playerIn, EnumHand hand, ItemStack heldItem, EnumFacing side, float hitX, float hitY, float hitZ)
    {
        playerIn.openGui(GalaxySpace.instance, -1, world, pos.getX(), pos.getY(), pos.getZ());
        return true;
    }

	@Override
    public TileEntity createNewTileEntity(World world, int meta)
    {
        return new TileEntityHydroponicFarm();
    }

    @Override
    public String getShiftDescription(int meta)
    {
        return GCCoreUtil.translate(this.getUnlocalizedName() + ".desc");
    }

	@Override
	public String getDescription(int meta) {
		return null;
	}

    @Override
    public boolean showDescription(int meta)
    {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public EnumSortCategoryBlock getCategory(int meta)
    {
        return EnumSortCategoryBlock.MACHINE;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isOpaqueCube(IBlockState state)
    {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isBlockNormalCube(IBlockState state)
    {
        return false;
    }
}


text:
Q: gtk_container_add function crashes I have the following line in my GTK code:
 gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(main_wind_ob->stack),
                    GTK_WIDGET(main_wind_ob->product_ob->swindow));

Where main_wind_on->stack is a GtkStack acquired this way
main_wind_ob->stack = GTK_STACK(
                          gtk_builder_get_object (
                                    main_wind_ob->builder,
                                                  "stack"
                                                  )
                                  );

Where main_wind_ob->builder is a GtkBuilder object associated with a .ui file where a GtkStack container is declared with the ID stack.
main_wind_ob->product_ob->swindow is a GtkScrolledWindow acquired like this:
main_wind_ob->product_ob->swindow =
     gtk_scrolled_window_new(NULL, NULL);

I know neither main_wind_ob->product_ob->swindow or main_wind_ob->stack are not null as I've debugged and checked them.
What I wanted to do was make swindow be the child of the stack, but it just crashes when it reaches the gtk_container_add function call. I am not really sure why. Let me know if there is any extra details I can add to the post, thanks.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I saw a post a few months ago (which I can't find now) requesting the feature of having a seller description field to show below the seller image / above the seller products on the sellers profile page.
The reply said it was coming in an update – any progress on this?
Would it use Woocommerce Biographical Info field?
Any reply to this please?
I am really sorry for being late. I found your mail in spam. Yes, if you want to show seller description or about us then you have to extend the tab which are now available in Dokan store page for Terms and condition. There is a hook to extend store page tab. You may require customization to get that tab.
The topic 'Seller Description' is closed to new replies.


text:
The Entertation Index: July 26
tags: Anne Hathaway, Aurora Colorado, Catwoman, Ghost the Musical, Kennedy Mansion, Mariah Carey, Sherman Hemsley, Taylor Swift, The New Normal
by C.M. Tomlin
Carey, Mariah — Upon official news that American Idol judge Jennifer Lopez will be leaving her judge's chair and not returning for the show's twelfth season, it's been announced that twin-bearer and Grammy winner Mariah Carey will be stepping in to fill her shoes. Needless to say, a stunned America was astonished to find out that Mariah Carey and Jennifer Lopez are, in fact, two different people.
Link: Mariah Carey Joins American Idol as a New Judge (American Idol)
Catwoman — As Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Rises is a bonafide smash, actress Anne Hathaway — who plays Catwoman in the film — has hinted to reporters that she'd be game for a spin-off film focusing on the female burglar. When reached for comment, both Michelle Pfeiffer and Halle Berry quipped, in unison, "Yeah, good luck with that."
Link: Anne Hathaway Up For Catwoman Spin-Off (ShortList Magazine)
Hemsley, Sherman — 71 year-old actor Sherman Hemsley, passed away on Tuesday at his home in El Paso, Texas. He will, of course, long be remembered for playing the brash dry cleaner George Jefferson on the long-running Archie Bunker spin-off The Jeffersons. Our thoughts go out to his family as he heads to — say it with me, folks — to that deee-luxe apartment in the sky.
Link: "The Jeffersons" Actor Dies at 74 (HuffPo)
Musical, Ghost: the — I'm not sure how to break this to you, and I hope you're sitting down, but the poorly reviewed Broadway show Ghost: The Musical — based on the 1990 Patrick Swayze film — will be closing on the Great White Way on August 18 after 136 performances. Inside sources say the producers knew this time was coming; every single person who ever wanted to see a musical based on the movie Ghost has now officially seen it, and there's just no one else left.
Link: Broadway's "Ghost the Musical" to Close on August 18 (CBS News)
Normal, The New — Conservative anti-gay group "One Million Moms" is currently attacking NBC's upcoming fall sitcom The New Normal, which features the premise of a gay couple who use a surrogate to have a child. Poor, poor NBC. They can't even rip off ABC's Modern Family right.
Link: Ryan Murphy's New NBC Sitcom Draws Anti-Gay Protest (EW)
Uh oh. Now you've done it. Get ready for a thinly veiled, snarky revenge song about how you did her wrong, Kennedy Mansion.
Swift, Taylor — Country-pop juggernaut Taylor Swift has allegedly been banned from staying at the Kennedy Mansion — courtesy of Ted Kennedy's widow Vicki. Amid rumors that Swift is currently dating Patrick Schwarzenegger (son of Arnold, obviously), an overnight stay at the iconic residence was rumored to have been nixed by Mrs. Kennedy, who reportedly fears the overnight guest would jeopardize the estate's non-profit status. If this story is true, more notably, it will mark the first time in history that a 5'11", 22 year-old blonde didn't have an open invitation at the Kennedy mansion.
Link: Taylor Swift Caught in Kennedy Feud, Forbidden to Sleep at Kennedy Mansion via Servicio de Satelite (HuffPo)
Violence — As an addendum this week, TBTS would like to express its heartfelt condolences to the loved ones of the injured and murdered movie-goers of Aurora, Colorado late last week. It is truly a tragedy when even something as escapist as the cinema sees such horrifying moments of such a real world gone so unpredictably wrong. It is a true tragedy, in every sense, and we know we are not alone in keeping the victims in our thoughts.
from → The Entertation Index
← The Big Bang Theory and Nerd Minstrelsy
The Fashionably Late Review: The Deep Blue Sea →
Liak permalink
Hello, purely stvriing close to a number of blogs, seems a pretty good platform you happen to be using. Im with provide making use of Wp for a couple associated with my personal web-sites nevertheless planning to modify one among all of them onto the software just like your own house like a tryout run. Anything specially you'd probably propose regarding it?
The Entertation Index: August 16 « The Brown Tweed Society

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Teen activist back at Swedish parliament, where it started
Swedish environmental activist Greta Thunberg attends a climate strike arranged by the organization "Fridays For Future" outside the Swedish parliament Riksdagen in Stockholm, Friday Dec. 20, 2019. (Pontus Lundahl/TT via AP)
STOCKHOLM (AP) — Teenage climate activist Greta Thunberg is back where her campaign started – on her perch outside the Swedish Parliament.
After months of travelling by train and boat to different climate events in Europe and the United States, the 16-year-old Swede is raising her concerns back home, just as she did over a year ago when she skipped school to begin her climate protest, a stance that proved an inspiration to kids around the world.
Thunberg, who last week was named Person of the year by Time magazine, posted a photo of herself on social media Friday holding a sign with the accompanying text of "School strike week 70. Stockholm!"
Thunberg told Swedish news agency TT that she hoped to encourage more climate activists beyond those she has already inspired.
"Perhaps it also means that the word climate activist is no longer seen as a belligerent word and that more people are praised," she said.
Thunberg is back in Sweden after attending the U.N. climate change conference in Spain.


New York, NY (November 8, 2004) - The National Kidney Foundation announced the election of David Warnock, MD as the President of NKF.
Dr. Warnock is professor of Medicine and Physiology, and Director of the Division of Nephrology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). A resident of Birmingham, his involvement with the NKF spans more than a decade, on both national and local levels. A widely published kidney researcher, Dr. Warnock's interests focus on the link between high blood pressure and kidney disease. Dr. Warnock is a recipient of the Tinsley Harrison "Outstanding Clinical Teacher" Award and a member of the American Society for Clinical Investigations and the American Association of Physicians.


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text:
Category: Pregnancy, Medicine, Disease, Diabetes, Dentistry
Sodaly Chhun Prof. Linda Mallen Due Date: 4/17/13 Research Paper The Effect of Gum Disease on Human Health. People think the way to have a charming smile is to have white teeth. However, that is not all there is to have good oral health. Healthy gum tissue also is an important part of tooth structure which enables our healthy bright smile. Healthy gums aren't just important for your oral health, but they can also be important for your overall health. Numerous research studies suggest that other long-term, chronic health conditions can be associated with periodontal diseases, a gum disease.
Most studies suggest a possible link between periodontal diseases to other more serious chronic health conditions including heart disease, diabetes, and pregnancy complications. The most common type of gum diseases is gingivitis which is a mild form of infection of gum. According to Marian Mehegan, DDS, a regional women's health coordinator, gingivitis causes red, swollen gums, and it can also make the gums bleed easily. This form of gum disease does not lead to loss of bone or tissue around the teeth. However, in a prolonged untreated period, it can become a periodontitis (Womenshealth. ov). Based on PubMed Health, the US National Library of Medicine, periodontitis is defined as an inflammation and an infection of the ligaments and bones that support the teeth (Ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth). Periodontitis occurs when resulting inflammation or infection of the gums is untreated or treatment is delayed. Infection and inflammation spreads from the gums to the ligaments and bone that support the teeth. As a result, the teeth become loose and eventually fall out. One of the most chronic health conditions like to problem with healthy gum is heart disease.
For a century the idea of a link between oral health and the heart has been around. But it's only been in the last 20 years that some health professionals have taken this link seriously enough to recommend dental care as a way of reducing the risk of heart disease. They believe that there is a connection between serious gum disease and cardiovascular condition. According to Dr. Kevin Marzo, Chief of Cardiology at Winthrop University Hospital in Mineola, New York, "The bacteria that cause dental plaque may promote inflammation in the body eyond the mouth including the lining of the blood vessels, increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease including heart attacks,"(Cbsnews. com). In the same way, the scientists believe there is a connection between gum disease and atherosclerosis which causes heart disease. Atherosclerosis is a hardening of arteries due to the buildup of fatty deposits on the lining of artery walls. It causes high blood pressure, stroke, and coronary thrombosis (Dictionary of Medicine 24). According to the Fox news interviewed with Dr.
Peter Lockhart, a professor of oral medicine at the Carolinas Medical Center in Charlotte, N. C, there are two main theories are thought to explain how gum disease could contribute to coronary heart disease. One proposes that bacteria, which grow between your teeth and cause plaque to build-up, can enter the bloodstream when your gum starts bleeding, which happens easily if you have gum disease. For example, mouth bacteria can enter the bloodstream during dental procedure and by tooth brushing.
Once in the blood stream, these organisms attach to pre-existing fatty deposits in coronary arteries (those that supply blood to the heart). This leads to inflammation, which may cause blood clots that can decrease blood flow to the heart and cause a heart attack. The second theory proposes these oral bacteria of gum disease cause the body to develop antibodies that attack receptors on the cells lining the blood vessels and cause an inflammatory reaction. This inflammation may play a role in the further development of fatty deposits lining the artery walls that can cause blockages (Foxnews. om/health). However, the evidence supporting the idea that links gum disease to heart disease has always been controversial. Hence, the American Heart Association reviewed 500 journal articles and studies and then concluded that there was no clear evidence that gum disease causes heart disease, or that treating gum disease would have any effect on those with a heart condition. Nevertheless, the review did find gaps in the understanding of the interaction between gum disease and heart disease and called for more research. Scientists have identified the same risk factors for both heart and gum disease.
As Lockhart said, " Individuals who do not pay attention to the very powerful and well-proven risk factors like smoking, diabetes or high blood pressure may not pay close attention to their overall health, either,"(Foxnews. com/health). In short, if you smoke, have poor nutrition, diabetes, or are from a lower socio-economic background, then you are at higher risk of developing gum disease, but these factors also contribute to heart disease. Next, the scientists believe that there is a two way relationship between gum disease and diabetes.
First, people with diabetes are at special risk for gum disease. There is a clear relationship between degree of blood sugar and severity of periodontitis. In the article, People with Diabetes at High Risk for Developing Gum Disease, by the Academy of General Dentistry, it claimed that diabetes reduces the body's resistance to infection, so the gums are at risk for gingivitis (Knowyourteeth. com). Studies have shown that those with diabetes are more susceptible to the development of oral infections and periodontal (gum) disease than those who do not have diabetes.
For example, dry mouth, often a symptom of undetected diabetes, can cause soreness, ulcers, infections, gum disease, and tooth decay. According to Preshaw PMet al, "The mechanisms that underpin the links between these two conditions are not completely understood, but involve aspects of immune functioning, neutrophil activity, and cytokine biology" (Ncbi. nlm. nih. gov). In addition, there's a suggestion that if a person gum disease, it might predispose them to increase their risk of developing diabetes, because of the persistent infection in their body.
While inflammation plays an obvious role in periodontal diseases, evidence in the medical literature also supports the role of inflammation as a major component in the cause of diabetes and diabetic complications. According Preshaw PM et al. , "Incidences of macroalbuminuria, which is a high levels of albumin in the urine related to kidney disorder, and end-stage renal disease are increased twofold and threefold, respectively, in diabetic individuals who also have severe periodontitis compared to diabetic individuals without severe periodontitis" (Ncbi. lm. nih. gov). Therefore, by controlling your blood sugar, brushing and flossing every day, and visiting a dentist regularly, you can help prevent gum disease. Also, by maintaining good oral hygiene habits, it means you can reduce the risk of infection and inflammation which are the factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetes complications. Finally, gum disease has been linked to premature birth and low birth weight. Until now, it was thought that having gum disease could raise your risk of having a low-birth-weight baby.
Researchers have not been able to confirm this link, but studies are still under way to learn more. Pregnant women may have the craving for salty and sweet food and develop red, swollen gums that bleed easily. This condition is called pregnancy gingivitis. Pregnancy gingivitis commonly becomes apparent later in the second month of gestation and worsens as the pregnancy progresses before reaching a peak in the eighth month. In the last month of gestation, gingivitis usually decreases andfollwing post-partum the gingival tissues are found to be comparable to those seen during the second month of gestation.
Doctor Mehegan stated that, pregnancy gingivitis is due to both poor oral hygiene and higher hormone levels (Women health. gov). According to a research called Pregnancy Gingivitis and Periodontitis and Its Systemic Effect by Kaur , Kharb and Rai, pregnant women are likely to have swollen gums and bleeding during brushing because the inflammatory response to dental plaque is increased. With the hormonal changes of pregnancy, also termed as pregnancy gingivitis, both estrogen and progesterone increase gingival inflammation.
However, it is not known if the pregnancy related gingival changes might be explained by increased vascularity and vascular flow alongside alterations in the immune system and/or changes in connective tissue metabolism. Nevertheless, the anatomy structure of tissue of pregnancy gingivitis is not different from that of the gingivitis in non-pregnancy state (Ispub. com). More recently, in the article, Periodontal Disease and Pregnancy by the Academy of General Dentistry suggested that periodontitis may also pose a challenge to the developing fetus.
The excessive bacteria can enter the bloodstream through the pregnancy women's gums; the bacteria can travel to the uterus, triggering the production of chemicals called prostaglandins, which are suspected to induce premature labor (Knowyourteeth. com). All in all, there is no scientific data, thus far, to support the belief that getting regular dental treatment, particularly regarding scenarios of pregnancy-related periodontal disease, helps reduce the risk of preterm low-birth-weight babies. However, there are other overall health advantages to the mother, not to mention the more obvious oral health advantages.
In conclusion, there is a potential link between gum diseases to chronic health conditions including heart disease, diabetes, and pregnancy complications. The scientists strongly believe in connection between gum diseases and heart disease based on two theories. One theory claimed that certain oral bacteria, which cause heart problems, get into the heart through the bloodstream when there is a cut in the gum. Another theory emphasized that the bacteria of gum disease causes an inflammation reaction in the blood vessel which may resulting in development of fatty deposits that block the artery blood vessel.
Regarding the connection between gum disease and diabetes, the health experts believe that diabetes patients are at high risk for gum diseases, and it is vice versa a serious gum disease could make diabetes patients difficult in control blood sugar. Finally, gum disease might link to preterm labor and low birth weight. Pregnancy women are at risk to pregnancy gingivitis due to the change in hormones, which could change the volume of gum tissues, and the combination of dental plaque. Moreover, if the pregnancy gingivitis delayed untreated, it leads to serious gum disease.
The scientists believe that the bacteria which cause serious gum disease could reach the uterus and cause premature which results in low birth weight. However, there is no clear evidence to proof the connection between the gum diseases to heart disease, diabetes and pregnancy complications due to the same risk factors. Gum disease and heart disease share many common risk factors, including cigarette smoking, age and diabetes, and these factors are more likely to explain why diseases of the blood vessels and mouth occur in conjunction with each other.
Although the scientists have inconclusive evidence to support their beliefs and are working on further research to support their hypothesis, it is known that good oral hygiene is still important for overall health. Hence, individuals should take care of their oral health as follows: brush your teeth at least twice each day with fluoride toothpaste and floss your teeth, have a healthy life styles, and get regular checkups with your dentist. If you follow the suggestions, you possibly be able to prevent chronic systemic diseases. 1. What does your mouth have to say about your health?
Dr. Kevin Marzo, Chief of Cardiology at Winthrop University Hospital in Mineola, New York. http://www. cbsnews. com/8301-504763_162-57353192-10391704/what-does-your-mouth-have-to-say-about-your-health/ 2. Gum disease doesn't cause heart attacks, experts say Dr. Peter Lockhart, a professor of oral medicine at the Carolinas Medical Center in Charlott Published April 19, 2012 MyHealthNewsDaily Read more: http://www. foxnews. com/health/2012/04/19/gum-disease-doesnt-cause-heart-attacks-experts-say/#ixzz2Pk3DMbvk 3. Periodontitis and diabetes: a two-way relationship.
Preshaw PM, Alba AL, Herrera D, Jepsen S, Konstantinidis A, Makrilakis K, Taylor R. Source School of Dental Sciences and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK. p. m. [email protected] ac. uk http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/22057194 Diabetologia. 2012 Jan;55(1):21-31. doi: 10. 1007/s00125-011-2342-y. Epub 2011 Nov 6. 4. People with Diabetes at Higher Risk for Developing Gum Disease The Academy of General Dentistry (AGD http://www. knowyourteeth. com/infobites/abc/article/? abc=p&iid=324&aid=8530 5.
Periodontal Disease Causes Preterm Labor and Low Birth weight Infants Posted on April 28, 2011 ThomasJ. Peltzer, DMD http://www. connecticutsedationdentist. com http://connecticutsedationdentist. wordpress. com/2011/04/28/can-gum-disease-actually-affect-your-unborn-child/ 6. Research Pregnancy gingivitis and periodontitis and its systemic effect Author(s):Jasdeep Kaur , Simmi Kharb and Balwant Rai Source:The Internet Journal of Dental Science. (Dec. 10, 2008): Document Type:Report
Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2008 Internet Scientific Publications LLC http://www. ispub. com/ostia/index. php? xmlFilePath=ejournals. xml 7. Periodontal Disease and Preterm Low Birth Weight Babies According to Cannadian Dental Associstion, Studies are still being done to find out exactly how and why periodontal bacteria appears to have the effect it does. Researchers suspect that the prevalence of bacteria may affect the release of hormones responsible for starting contractions or rupturing membranes, though there has been no direct causal link found to date.
The only thing for sure is the definite increased risk to those pregnant mothers who have the disease. Darlene Oakley is a freelance writer for EmpowHER. com How might problems in my mouth be linked to health problems in other parts of my body? Heart disease. Before some dental treatments, patients who have certain heart conditions or joint replacements may take antibiotics. These people may be at risk of getting an infection when bacteria that lives in the mouth goes into the bloodstream during treatment. Antibiotics lower this risk.
Talk to your doctor or dentist if you are not sure whether you should take antibiotics before dental treatment. http://www. womenshealth. gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/oral-health. cfm#g Oral health fact sheet was reviewed by: MarianMehegan,D. D. S. ,M. P. H. CAPT,USPHS RegionalWomen'sHealthCoordinator USDHHS Office on Women's Health Healthy teeth for a healthy heart? http://www. abc. net. au/health/thepulse/stories/2012/06/19/3528574. htm#. UWOHEpOG2So:But could keeping your gums healthy also help to reduce your risk of having a heart attack?
But to date the evidence supporting this idea has always been controversial. So the American Heart Association (AHA) decided to review the existing research to see what the data suggests. The Association's review concluded while a link was "biologically plausible", there was no clear evidence that gum disease causes heart disease, or that treating gum disease would have any effect on those with a heart condition. However, the review did find gaps in the understanding of the interaction between gum disease and heart disease, and called for more research.
Professor Malcolm West, professor of medicine at the University of Queensland and consultant cardiologist at Brisbane's Prince Charles Hospital, agrees there needs to be more research before we have a definitive answer. The potential link between the two hasn't been clarified as much as people would like and we're left with this question mark," West says. One of the problems with linking the two conditions is that they have many of the same risk factors, West says. "So when trying to say one thing causes another, to try to eliminate how those other risk factors are interfering is quite difficult," West says.
Example: If you smoke, have poor nutrition, diabetes, or are from a lower socio-economic background then you are at higher risk of developing gum disease, but these factors also contribute to heart disease. Two main theories are thought to explain how gum disease could contribute to coronary heart disease, West says. One proposes that organisms, which grow between your teeth and cause plaque to build-up, can enter the bloodstream when your gum starts bleeding, which happens easily if you have gum disease.
Once in the blood stream, these organisms attach to pre-existing fatty deposits in coronary arteries (those that supply blood to the heart). This leads to inflammation, which may cause blood clots that can decrease blood flow to the heart and cause a heart attack. The second theory proposes these bacteria cause the body to develop antibodies that attack receptors on the cells lining blood vessels and cause an inflammatory reaction. This inflammation may play a role in the further development of fatty deposits lining the artery walls that can cause blockages.
Diabetes. http://www. womenshealth. gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/oral-health. cfm#g People with diabetes are at special risk for gum disease. Gum disease can lead to painful chewing and even tooth loss. Dry mouth, often a symptom of undetected diabetes, can cause soreness, ulcers, infections, and tooth decay. People with diabetes can also get thrush. Smoking makes these problems worse. By controlling your blood glucose, brushing and flossing every day, and visiting a dentist regularly, you can help prevent gum disease.
If your diabetes is not under control, you are more likely to develop problems in your mouth. http://www. abc. net. au/health/thepulse/stories/2012/06/19/3528574. htm#. UWOHEpOG2So: ------------------------------------------------- "There's an ever expanding list of conditions that have been investigated in relation to gum disease," says Associate Professor Ivan Darby, head of Population Oral Health and Periodontics at the University of Melbourne. For example, there's a suggestion that if you've got gum disease it might predispose you or increase your risk of developing diabetes, ecause of the persistent infection in your body. Pregnancy. http://www. womenshealth. gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/oral-health. cfm#g Use good oral hygiene to control your risk of gum diseases. Pregnant women may have changes in taste and develop red, swollen gums that bleed easily. This condition is called pregnancy gingivitis. Both poor oral hygiene and higher hormone levels can cause pregnancy gingivitis. Until now, it was thought that having gum disease could raise your risk of having a low-birth-weight baby.
Researchers have not been able to confirm this link, but studies are still under way to learn more. http://www. abc. net. au/health/thepulse/stories/2012/06/19/3528574. htm#. UWOHEpOG2So: Another is the link between preterm birth or low birth weight and gum disease, Darby says. "The original suggestion was that women that had preterm birth had more gum disease than those who went to full term. Some studies say yes and some say no, so it really is inconclusive. But probably like heart disease, having gum disease in addition to other factors adds to your risk," he says.
Definition of Gumdiseases ------------------------------------------------- http://www. womenshealth. gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/oral-health. cfm#g Gum diseases are infections caused by bacteria, along with mucus and other particles that form a sticky plaque on your teeth. Plaque that is left on teeth hardens and forms tartar. Gingivitis (jin-juh-VEYE-tuhss) is a mild form of gum disease. It causes red, swollen gums. It can also make the gums bleed easily. Gingivitis can be caused by plaque buildup. And the longer plaque and tartar stay on teeth, the more harm they do.
Most gingivitis can be treated with daily brushing and flossing and regular cleanings at the dentist's office. This form of gum disease does not lead to loss of bone or tissue around the teeth. But if it is not treated, it can advance to periodontitis (pair-ee-oh-don-TEYE-tuhss). Then the gums pull away from the teeth and form infected "pockets. " You may also lose supporting bone. If you have periodontitis, see your dentist for treatment. Otherwise your teeth may loosen over time and need to be removed. Oral health: A window to your overall health What conditions may be linked to oral health?
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International Quilt Museum offers virtual experiences, lectures
The International Quilt Museum is joining forces with five fiber organizations to present "Textile Talks," a virtual lecture series for audiences to enjoy from home.
Beginning April 29, "Textile Talks" will feature weekly presentations and panel discussions from the International Quilt Museum, the Modern Quilt Guild, Quilt Alliance, San Jose Museum of Quilts and Textiles, Studio Art Quilt Associates and Surface Design Association. The programs will be held online each Wednesday from April 29-June 3. The programs scheduled include:
April 29: Studio Art Quilt Associates
May 6: International Quilt Museum
May 13: San Jose Museum of Quilts & Textiles
May 20: The Modern Quilt Guild
May 27: Quilt Alliance
June 3: Surface Design Association
The programs will also be available on each organization's Facebook page and YouTube channels after the live viewing. Visit the International Quilt Museum website for more information about how to view these programs.
"Textile Talks" is the latest in a series of virtual experiences the museum is offering while its doors are closed to the public. This month, the museum opened two virtual exhibitions on its website. They include "Variations on a Theme: Amish Quilts from the 1970s and '80s" and "Glasnost and Folk Culture: Russian Quilts at the Turn of the 21st Century," which will be displayed in the museum's galleries when it reopens.
The museum launched new video series on its Facebook and YouTube channels called "Three Things About a World Quilt" and "What in the World Do These Quilts Have in Common?" The museum also offers at-home learning resources for elementary students including virtual story times streamed on the museum's Facebook page every week as well as lessons and activities on its website. These lessons and downloads are available online.
The International Quilt Museum team has more virtual programs and activities in the works. Visit the museum's website for more information and updates.


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CHICAGO (AP) - The Chicago Blackhawks have traded Marian Hossa and Vinnie Hinostroza in a blockbuster deal with the Arizona Coyotes, parting with a promising young forward in order to clear out a troublesome contract.
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The city of Osgiliath (Citadel of the Host of Stars) is the old capital city of Gondor and the first new Númenorean settlement after the coming of Isildur and Anárion. It was founded jointly by Elendil and his sons at the end of the Second Age (S.A. 3429) and settled with refugees from Númenor and those discontent to the policies of the Pelargirean League. Prior to its demise in T.A. 1437, Osgiliath was the chief city in Gondor and the royal seat of its Kings. During its heyday it was possibly the most populous town in Middle-earth.
First bridge over Great Anduin was built shortly after the location was selected for new settlement. Isildur and his kinsmen built their homes on the eastern banks of Anduin while Anárion occupied the western shore. Their thrones sat side by side in the Great Hall of the Stars (Rond Giliath) at Tol Gilthoniel. During the War of the Last Alliance, Sauron attacked the eastern shore of Anduin, having overrun Isildur's folk at his hilltop fort of Minas Ithil. But Anárion rallied Númenoreans at Osgiliath and drove the enemy back to the mountains. The first bridge was torched down, but it was soon replaced by even greater timber bridge. Isildur's original construction was later surpassed by Anárion's youngest son Meneldil, who claimed the throne of Gondor after Isildur's death. He built a majestic vaulted stone bridge over Anduin during the first century and dedicated it to his grandson Eärendil, who was born in T.A. 43. Ruins of the famous bridge were still visible 1600 years later.
When Gondor's fortunes waxed, Osgiliath became bureaucratic and ceremonial capital of a great sea-going empire. It's population quadrupled, and it was adorned by myriad of majestic buildings both public and private. Osgiliath was known both for its size and spectacular beauty, and thus it became the first prize for rebels who vied for kingship during the Kin-strife. King Eldacar was besieged in Osgiliath by supporters of Castamir (son of Calimir son of Calimehtar). Osgiliath was captured in 1437 after a fierce and bloody struggle. The rebels burned and pillaged the city and slaughtered many of its inhabitants, including Eldacar's son Ornendil who was later revered as a saint. The Dome of Stars was destroyed and the master palantír was lost in waters of the Anduin.
King Castamir moved his capital to Pelargir, and Osgiliath was left in ruins. When Eldacar returned from exile and defeated Castamir in 1447, he took up the kingship again in Osgiliath. Destruction brought by civil war was completed two hundred years later, when it was badly struck by the Great Plague, causing it to became partially deserted. King Tarondor made a radical move in 1640 when he suddenly moved the capital to Minas Anor at the foot of mount Mindolluin. Half of the remaining population relocated in Minas Anor, and Osgiliath became only a shadow of her former self, a living testament to the waning of Dúnedain.
Unlike Gondor's other cities, Osgiliath possesses no rural hinterland of its own. Its walls straddle the boundaries of the wards of Anórien and Ithilien in the midst of the Anduin vale. The two halves of the city rise gently from the eastern and western banks of the Great River. Here, at its narrowest point, the Anduin ranges between twenty-nine and thirty-six hundred feet in width. Four large bridges (one of them ruined) span the breadth of the river. They reach the city by way of small islet near to the eastern bank.
Although Osgiliath accommodates a moderately deep harbour, the Anduin is generally quite shallow as it passes through the city. It depth ranges from between fifteen to thirty-five feet. Most times, especially when the river is low, vessels possessed of a deep draft simply weigh anchor in Pelargir. When the river is high, flooding becomes a major problem in Osgiliath as the foundations of the city are slowly sinking in the soft ground.
Numbers in the text refer to layout map at the end of this page.
Osgiliath is in truth two cities, each of which sprawls out along its own bank of the river. Both halves of the city cluster around the gates ofthe Great Bridge and, in each quarter, all the city's streets extend outward from this focal point. While not designed to whitstand a siege, it was nonetheless walled during Castamir's reign (1437-1447). These hastily erected fortifications have subsequently fallen in bad repair, but were formidable enough to repel rebel forces under prince Sangahyandion during the Third Corsair War.
Osgiliath is organized into "heptonards". Three of these seven divisions (Belthil, Thoronumen, Lumbar, Wilwarin, Menelvagor, Helluin, Tol Gilthoniel) occupy the river, its islands, and the bridges comprise the seventh. These administrative divisions have now little import, as the bloody sieges of 1437/1447, the Great Plague and constant flooding have erased most of the meaningful administrative distinctions.
Iant Breithon (2nd century T.A.), formerly known as Iant Eärendil or Iant Iaur. Collapsed in 1303, lies in ruin.
Iant Anardil (4th century T.A.), connecting Dome of the Stars to Tol Gilthoniel. Repaired many times.
Iant Sollen (8th century T.A.), also known as Iant Siriondil. The Closed Bridge connects Thoronumen to Tol Gilthoniel and further to Wilwarin heptonard via Iant Formenel.
Iant Ciryaher (11th century T.A.), replaced timber bridge originally built during Isildur's reign. The Great Bridge.
Iant Romendacil (13th century T.A.), connecting the Bull Market to the Dome of the Stars.
The Citadel of the Stars (Tol Gilthoniel). Several phases of construction dating from third to thirteenth century. Since Osgiliath is no longer the capital of the realm, there is no need for a royal bodyguard. The barracks are now empty, but the Toll-Wardens and their staff have their headquarters here.
Minasnumen (Belthil). This ancient fortification was the site of original river ferry that predated the building of the Great Bridge. It was greatly enlarged during Castamir's reign. Now it is used as the central headquarters of the Royal Army under leadership of prince Vinyaran.
Rozinbarad (Thoronumen). Former residence of House Rozin, now a major site of grain storage under royal authority.
1. Rond Giliath. Basilica, conceived by Isildur, construction dated to the reign of king Ostoher . The fabled former audience hall of the Govadan Gondorim are guarded by giant twin marble statues representing Isildur and Anarion. These immense monuments still exist, altough robbed of their gilded crowns and other decorations. Halls are partially ruined and still blackened from the immolation of 1437, which also damaged its beautiful polychromatic opus sectile marble floors. Statues of the first númenoreans still occupy the niches. Halls haven't seen any official use since 1540, but king Tarondor has taken advantage of the place as a romantic backdrop for exquisite balls and fireworks.
Courtyard of Rond Giliath is an enclosed space joining the two arms of the Great Bridge together by way of fortified gates to the east and west. The gates themselves, made during Turambar's reign, are richly carved and filled with images of kings and righteous men ( Elendil and his sons, below them the kings from Meneldil to Romendacil I and the three Corvagin brothers), and were later copied in grander scale to Minas Anor. Northern entrance connecting the Citadel and Palatial Court to the Halls has been bricked up. This was the site of the massacre of 1437. A marble plaque and a porphyry statue commemorated to Ornendil, the martyred son of Eldacar , was installed here by his father in 1451. It is still a popular place for prayers of the common people and giving of votive gifts. Toes of the statue, kissed and rubbed by many visitors, are already worn away. A cult of semi-divine Ornendil has sprung up among the untaught commoners and especially the new royal bureucracy. They believe that Ornendil sacrificed himself so that his father, Tar-Eldacar, may live and vanquish the tyranny of Castamir, and for his piety he was taken straight to the Undying Lands by a shooting star where he can speak to Manwë in behalf of Men. Among immigrant northmen Ornendil is frequently seen as a divine hero, a man who gained immortality and deity through value, virtue, and deed.
2. Dome of the Stars. Palatial court of the Gondorian monarchs and the great Tower where the Master Palantir was installed are in sorry state. The great Dome has collapsed and only skeletal structure remains. Mounds of rubble fill up the old royal piers; flooding has destroyed the herb gardens. Royal archives and hallows built beneath the halls were completely buried by the collapse of the Tower. Most of the ancient documents and tombs were destroyed or irrevocably damaged in the calamity, and there has since been extensive efforts to restore, recover and remove what's salvageable. Most of these excavations took place in 1439-1490, and nothing of value is believed to remain there anymore, but the collapsed Dome and riches below it figures frequently in the local folklore. Fragments of the beautiful paintings (golden stars on blue background) in the cupola are still visible from below, though ravaged by time and fire.
3. Tol Gilthoniel. Once great garden islet is now a flooded swamp. Noble hallows have sunken into Anduin, but the graceful old weathered shrine and rotunda of Estë the Healer is still in use, being tended by a wealthy and pious family, House Telumendil. Walking along Men Brannon from the wrecked Dome of Stars to Iant Anardil one comes to a very old, tall and dismal-looking hooped porphyry column. It was erected on 11. Lothron 432 by king Ostoher to commemorate his victories over the dark races of Rhûn. Atop the column was a gigantic statue of the king Ostoher dressed as Tilion. In 1437 a conflagration destroyed the whole neighbourhood and tarnished the column with black scorch marks. In stead of the toppled wrecked statue, Castamir raised a golden miniature ship which was later melted down by Eldacar . Burnt Column of Ostoher (115 ft. tall) was left standing in ruins, slightly leaning to the west. Damaged stucco relief panels from the base of the column were robbed to adorn the private gardens of House Ascarnil.
4. Iant Sollen (The Closed Bridge, also known as Iant Siriondil). Grey granite construction with seventeen splendid arches. The covered and vaulted upper side of the bridge is known as the Sollen. The bridge is inhabited. Originally the sides were assigned to goldsmiths and silversmiths, now the damp and cramped apartments are held by quarreling foodmerchants. An opening midway across the bridge offers views of the river and shore.
5. Iant Breithon (The Broken Bridge). Formerly known as Iant Eärendil or Iant Iaur. The most famous bridge in Osgiliath and also the oldest. The bridge was damaged in repeated floods and finally collapsed of old age in 1303. It was never repaired and Regent Minalcar replaced it with a new bridge, which was later inaugurated as Iant Romendacil. The Broken Bridge has captured the imagination of several osgiliathan artists as the symbol of the city and its rich history. Children and fishermen have lately used it as a place for picnic, and its arched vaults are covered by inscriptions and graffitos, some of them very old. They range from childrens doodles and scribblings to loyalist slogans from Kin-Strife. Most recent of the graffitos refer to the unfaitfulness of king Tarondor and his many bastards in a very graphical manner.
6. Iant Ciryaher. This travertine-coated structure with imposing stone arches replaced a wooden bridge which had crossed the Anduin river at this spot since isildurian times, connecting Rond Giliath to Forum of Turambar. It was built by the Ship-King Ciryandil (11th century) but dedicated by his son, Ciryaher Hyarmendacil I , defeater of the Haradrim, who is also known for his colossal statue at the Crossroads of Ithilien. Ornate travertine statuary, images of winged Turwén (Lady of Victory), gives the bridge a grandeur fitting for its location.
7. Forum of Turambar. Circular in shape and lined by colonnades, decorated by two monumental gates to the west and south. The column of Turambar still stands upright in the centre of the square, surrounded by an ornate fountain. During the reign of king Atanatar II Alcarin the square was decorated with a number of wonderful marble statues carved by Gildin Bernîthion. Most of them were cannibalized by Castamir in 1441 to adorn his new monumental buildings in Pelargir. Some of those statues were subsequently looted by corsairs during the Great Raid of 1634, others were simply destroyed by war, fire or neglect. Two of the surviving Bernîthion statues, thought of portraying the first Ship-King Tarannon Falastur and his brother Tarciryan , now stand before the towering mauseleum of Borathôr in Marös, Umbar.
Close to the Forum are storehouses and bazaars for the sale of pepper and spices from Harad and Chey. Below them exists a popular wine shop: Serondo's Cellar, large enough to host over hundred patrons.
8. Market Square (Bull Market). The main market in Osgiliath is situated at the western end of Iant Ciryaher and Iant Romendacil. Colonnaded boulevard connects it to the forum of Turambar. A bronze bull statue gave name to the main market street: Rath Mundo. It has been the most important centre of traffic since the founding of the city. Before the great bridges were built over Anduin, ferryboats carried traffic across. This crowded area has often been devastated by fire. Head of the great granary is visible to the Market. Next to it lies the station of the grain dole, where free bread and grain is distributed to the populace.
Of the shrines situated in or near Market Square, the round sanctuary of Tulkas the Unconquerable is the most famous; there is also those of Ulmo, Tulkas Astaldo and personified lady Anduin. Among other monuments are two fornices erected by hîr Dúlin Herenyand to his deceased wife and children (1249).
9. Forum of Falastur (Narmacilian square). Monumental square along the Men Aglar (Honour Road). Basilica of immense proportions originally built by Tarannon Falastur (10th century) and dedicated to his black númenorean Queen Berúthiel lies ruined in the south side. The basilica of Berúthiel rests on a 5 meter tall podium built of concrete. Its great granite pillars, still standing in the square, are 11.8 meters high. The central nave measured 80 meters (262 ft.) long and was covered by three groin vaults with a maximum height of 35m (115 ft.), supported by eight monolithic columns of 14.5m. The Basilica was augustly decorated by only black and white marble. After the demise of the loathed Queen her name was permanently erased from the Book of the Kings and her basilica was rededicated by the effeminate and pompous king Narmacil I . The ascetic decor in the basilica suited his mystical tendencies, shared by his brother and successor Calmacil . Minalcar (future king Romendacil II) didn't use the building at all, for he preferred the hardships of the frontier life to royal luxury and endless imagoes of dead men in Osgiliath. Valacar followed his fathers precedent, and for long the basilica stayed unused. Intense artillery bombardment by Castamir's catapult barges during the first Siege of Osgiliath in 1437 destroyed the roof of the building; its sculpture courts (designed by Berúthiel herself) were turned into impromptu graveyards. During the Kin-Strife the ruined basilica was used as a temporary military camp. It was further ravaged by fire ten years later (1447) and collapsed during the riots of 1448. Destroyed marble decoration was burned into lime and remaining treasures were looted with deliberation by northern soldiers.
The square was renamed after king Narmacil I in 1240 and was decorated by a bronze (originally gilded) equestrian statue of warrior-king Romendacil II after his victories over Rhûn in 1248. King Tarondor took this statue with him when he relocated the capital to Minas Anor. It stands now guarding the Tower of the Sun in the Fountain Court. After the burning of the Rond Giliath, Narmacilian Square has been the centre of goverment in Osgiliath and also a place for military parades, which traditionally start at the Golden Gate and continue along the Honour Road through fora and Bull Market, over Anduin by Iant Romendacil, past the Dome of the Stars and finally ending at the Palace of Atanatar Alcarin. Nowadays, the square is crowded by small shops, street kitchens and devious hawkers of looted relics and artworks.
10. Men Aglar. Cypress-lined Honour Road is bounded by ancient travertine porticoes decorated with lavish garland ornamets and mythological figurines. During the last thousand years up to the Plague, countless dúnadan monarchs, generals and princes have strutted down the Men Aglar in triumph, receiving the adorations of the multitudes, bathing in a shower of rose petals. Pretentious palaces along this glorious national show area have endured through thick and thin better than many other monumental buildings in Osgiliath. Rising three or four stories high, some even higher, they present the most imposing elements of the first millennium dúnadan architecture with their monumental colonnaded facades.
Abad Mallen or the Golden House (10th century). Restored in 1380, 1449, 1475 and lastly in 1633, just prior the Plague. It has a dual purpose as the central bank of Gondor and the palatial residence of House Malréd. As every citizen of Osgiliath knows, the Golden House prides itself on the most luxurious private baths in existence. Courtiers and ministers are regular guests; banquets are usually held in the fabled gardens, full of miracles: Statues that can move, dwarven musical machines, magical fountains and mechanical singing birds made of gold.
Abad Sindbar (12th century), house of the aristocratic Sindbar family. Renown for its extensive collection of famous panel paintings. Abad Sindbar was redesigned in the 1400s to be more withdrawn and fastnesslike. Original third and fourth floors were destoyed during the Siege of Osgiliath and restored in a more modest manner, with smaller windows and less flamboyant stucco ornaments. Abad Sindbar was abandoned for three years during the Plague (1635-1638) and lost some of its gilded statues for robbers.
Abad Edhellen, Elvish Palace. Built by Elena family in the 5th century, this smallish but elegant palace is amongst the oldest surviving buildings in Osgiliath. It was designed as a fusion of a traditional númenorean villa and the noldorian architecture seen in the ruins of Hollin. House Elena was decimated in the Plague and the palace was abandoned. It escaped marauding robbers' hands by being deemed to be haunted - inhabited by elvish ghosts living in the very rock of the building. It is said that the elaborately carved doorposts were brought from Eregion. Its current elderly occupant is one Rothinzil Elena with her servants.
Bar Annabon, named for the red granite elephants guarding its entrance, brought here by king Hyarmendacil I in 1051 after his final victory over haradrim. One of the elephants carries a runic (angerthas) graffito carved by an unnamed northman soldier in 1447: "These runes were carved by Gudaliufs with the axe that killed Kirathurs [Cirator Elena]. He bore great treasures from this house." Another runic writing on one column-head boasts: "Ingigunthis is the most beautiful of women. Redagais the Single-handed." and still another, bearing the names of Gudaliufs' eleven companions, is illustrated by images of a horse, a knotted serpent and a dragon. Bar Annabon is a complex of several structures, with a main entrance to the west where a monumental stairway lead to a porch of four porphyry columns with the accompanying elephants. Its 500 feet long northern aisle runs along the Honour Road. The palace started as a tribunal, but evolved in the 13th century into the official residence of the city prefect. It includes the Hall of Records, the Offices of Prefects and the Court where he renders his decisions. A huge statue of Hyarmendacil I stood in back of the court apse, carved from black and white marble and adorned with a face of gold, until it was accidentally destroyed by a barrage from Castamir's fleet. Pieces of the colossus, reminders of lost glory, are now in the gardens of the palace. Bar Annabon was thoroughly looted during the Kin-Strife, first by Captains and then by Eldacar's northerners. The palace was restored in the 16th century by prefect Istor Valandur Calardan. It is still an impressive sight but in need of repair, being ridden by exessive humidity, falling roof tiles (many of the original bronze tiles have been stolen) and occasional break-ups in the central heating system (the hypocaust).
Dense residential area south of Men Aglar behind Bar Annabon had several four- or five-storey apartment buildings, solidly constructed and housing shops, little bakeries, workshops and small bathing establishments on the ground floor. After the fires of 1437 a few apartment buildings were converted into mansions. Now, when Tarondor has moved his administration to Minas Anor, the need for representative official residences has dimished. Some mansions have reverted back into cheaper apartments; others have been bought by prominent businessmen.
11. Vegetable Market, surrounded by shops and dwellings of every kind. Barbers, prostitutes, coach-drivers and other services are readily available. In the center of the market stands a single chestnut tree, which have given its name to a succesful inn on the brim. Market is the center of life in the thriving Thoronumen community, and its numerous wine shops are frequented by King's officials and functionaries.
12. Thoronumens' Ghetto. Always a populous district in central Osgiliath, situated in the western bank of Anduin between Rath Siriondil and Forum of Turambar. A busy, crowded, noisy, dirty area, the Ghetto houses trades and manufacturing, as well as crime, prostitution, and the poor. Prominent individuals controlling the gangs of the district are a haradan priest of Vatra with his flock, a twisted shoemaker with his many prize-fighting sons, a devious ironmonger protected by a well-armed mob, and a blatant wool merchant robbing tunics from the dead and selling them to the poor. The street connecting Ghetto to the forum of Turambar is the only better-off region here, belonging to booksellers and cobblers. The Ghetto is constantly threatened by fire, falling rooftiles, assaults and the "thousand dangers of a savage city", as one ithilean poet put it. Now (1650) the list of dangers also includes flooding, cholera, typhus, dysentery and malaria. The kings are gone, but the poor citizens of Thoronumen persist.
13. Rozinbarad. Once the residence of House Rozin, this fortification doubles now as a grain storage. During 1240-1437 it was the barracks of the Royal Horse Guards (Tirrim Roechbin Aran). Guards were dissolved when Castamir conquered the city and the castle was given to one of his captains. During 1480-1640 it housed four urban guard companies and a volunteer fire-brigade. Plague marked the end of such public amenities. Prince Vinyaran restored the castle to its original purpose and gave it to his own household cavalry guard (Roechbin Vinyarani). The original walls are of brick-faced concrete, with battlements and turreted gates. The castle is still supplied with fresh water by ancient lead pipes.
14. State arms factory. Production of arms and armour used to be very centralized in imperial Gondor. One monumental manufacture was located in the centre of the Smithies' district in Thoronumen. Under these colossal arched halls hundreds of craftsmen worked to produce finest mail and blade for the Dagarim Aran. Another factory existed below the floor, more secret and even more important: Moisture-sealed series of vaults where muted convicted criminals, supervised by select trusted professionals, produced the dreaded Naurnen, númenorean fire. Because of its strategical importance, the whole area was targeted in several bloody battles in the civil wars of 1433-1437 and 1447-1551. Arms factory was destroyed by fire during the Siege of 1437; the Captains were unable to capture the installation intact. Floor vaults collapsed, suffocating hundreds and utterly demolishing the secret workshops beneath. The whole district remained deserted for most of the 15th and 16th centuries. Osgiliath has ceased to be an important production centre; only few smithies are still in operation. In the post-Plague era ruins of the former manufacture have been utilized as a source of cheap building materials and a shelter for robbers and leprosy patients.
15. Abad Minalcar (Regent's Palace). Main administrative buildings in Osgiliath, spreading out north of the Forum of Falastur as a giant palatial complex. Building started in 1179, when king Atanatar II Alcarin ordered the renovation of the former Halls of Usuluni standing opposite the towering basilica of Berúthiel. Minalcar extended this palace towards the north-east and made it into so imposing an edifice as to excite remarks from every eminent gondorian chronicler.
21. Theatre of Alagos. An ancient edifice, built by one Alagos Alcarin, city prefect of Osgiliath during the reign of Atanatar I. The theatre was 111 m in diameter; it could originally hold 11,000 spectators. King Ciryandil ordered millenial celebrations of overthrow of Sauron to be held in the theatre. During the siege of 1437 it was used as a fortress; king Castamir incorporated its western side to his new city defenses. Ruined and abandoned, its travertine sheathing was robbed by king Tarondor to adorn his new buildings in Minas Anor. Now the lower portion is divided into multiple apartments for the poor.
23. Gardens of Beleganor. 17 acres of green in midst of the stony Osgiliath, the fabled gardens of Beleganor still host a remarkable collection of marble sculpture. Current owners, House of Herenyand, have declined all bids by king Tarondor.
16. Westgate Garrison and Gaol. Garrison of Osgiliath guards the Iant Ciryaher. Major criminals end up locked in the Westgate Tower, which is almost as notorious place of torture and suffering as the Angamando of Pelargir.
17. Lumbar quays. A densely settled harbour district, full of warehouses, brothels taverns. Dozens of galleys unload their cargo either here or at Harlond 15 miles downriver: tar from Rhudaur, hemp, ropes and sailcloth, turpentine from Ramlond. On the most famous lodgings in Lumbar is the four-storey Crown Inn, which is known for its kitchen. Mutton stew, salmon rolls and oysters of Belfalas cost more than 30bp per serving, so it is usually frequented by captains and merchants who also appreciate the choice of almost 30 different wines from Anórien to Lebennin. River's Edge is another famous inn, cheaper, favoured by locals, and known for brawls between sailors and stevedores.
18. Falassion Gate. One of the finest gate-keeps of the entire circuit, refashioned by Aldamir in 1533-1535. The two 28 m high towers, square for the first 18 m, round for the upper floors, are faced to an equal height with solid blocks of marble, mostly obtained from dismantled tombs. Passing to the inside of the gateway, the keystone of the arch bears in inscription in Sindarin thanking Tulkas and Manwë and mercy of Ilúvatar for the defeat of Sangahyandion in 1652.
19. Baths of Caranthan and Mausoleum of Agarinna. House Caranthan donated the royal capital it's main baths in 892, which are still in use (T.A. 1650), although supply of firewood is constant problem. The baths are now open only on fridays and saturdays, entrance fee is 1 bp. Just behind the venerable bath complex lies a huge mausoleum which has served the House Agarinna for a thousand years. It is in the form of a cylindrical drum on a square 29.6 m (100 ft) high base, decorated in frieze carved in blocks of belfalasian marble. It has an annular corridor, with alternately semi-circular and rectangular niches to contain sarcophagi round the pier and the outer wall.
20. The Golden Gate. Triumphal arch from the reign of Turambar (541-667), originally standing alone, was incorporated in the city walls by Castamir. It served as the state entrance into the capital. Architecturally elaborate, built of large square blocks of polished marble fitted together without cement, with three arches.
24. Condir Gates. The road leads north to Cair Andros and mouths of Entwash.
25. Villa of House Calardan. Although House Calardan has moved their lampwright works to Minas Anor where an entire street has been named after them, the elders of the house resist moving to the new capital. Calardan family remains important benefactors to the city, supporting the Houses of Healing and distributing the grain dole to poor people of Belthil.
26. Houses of Healing. Originally the villa of House Telumendil, this three story complex is now used by the Healers. It contains adjoining infirmaries, quarters for the healers, and a tower overlooking a branch of the Median Canal. The building is surrounded by a wall which also encloses a small herb garden.
27. The Common Hallows. This expanse of open land has served as the cemetery for Osgiliath's commoners. With the violation of many tombs in the wake of the Kin-strife and the Great Plague, many families have sought permission to remove their dead and lay them to rest elsewhere, so the grounds are punctuated by empty graves. Dismantled monuments are used in building projects elsewhere, as the uninhabited regions of Osgiliath are transforming into one big quarry.
28. Flooded Villa of House Orel. Palace of house of Orel (construction dating to the 6th century) has sunk to Anduin. Basement and first floor are completely flooded, but tales of ghosts and ancient treasures attract local youngsters to risk their lives in exploring the ruins.
29. Military Baths. Still in use, at least occasionally. Prince Vinyaran has promised to restore the baths to their former glory out of his own coffers.
30. Minasnumen. This ancient fortification was the site of original river ferry that predated the building of the Great Bridge. It was greatly enlarged during Castamir's reign. Visible crenellations and bastions are more recent work, completed during the reign of King Aldamir . Now it is used as the central headquarters of the Royal Army under leadership of prince Vinyaran.
31. Men Alcarin. Ceremonial road lined by great poplars lead to the ornate gardens of Atanatar II Alcarin , the richest monarch Gondor has ever seen. It bypasses some great edifices still in use. Hyarmendol was an institute for the training of royal pages. Now it has been taken over by the state bureucracy. It is currently occupied by office of public works and grain dole. Bar Raudh (Copper House) is still headquarters for the sale of vessels in bronze, but it has acquired other functions as well. Wholesale merchants, speculators, moneylenders and art dealers specializing in robbing the declining city from its still remarkable marble treasures have all invaded the venerable halls.
32. Menelvagor Quays. Once great quays are in midst of becoming a swamp. War galliots of the Anduin flotilla now anchor where royal pleasure ships once used to, and fishermen frequent the sturdy stone piers.
33. Rotunda of Ossë. Free-standing decagonal hall, 24 m (80 ft) in diameter and covered with a umbrella-shaped dome, 33 m (112 ft) high. Walls are lined with marble veneer; the underside of the dome with glass mosaic depicting Ossë, spirit of the sea and storms. Numerous statues of great Númenorean and Gondorian mariners fill the niches in the side-courts, which originally contained also fountains, now broken. In the 16th century, it was a luxurious dining pavilion used by Aldamir and Hyarmendacil II . Over-lifesize portrait statues of both monarchs were added in the niches by King Minardil in 1633. After the demise of Telemnar the Clement , the former pavilion was turned into a chapel commemorating the deeds and kindness of the king.
35. Palace and Obelisk of Atanatar II Alcarin. The Obelisk, dedicated to Arien, was carried off from the great temple of Korb Chelkar after conquest of Harad in 1050. 25.5 m tall and supported on bronze lions, it was re-erected by Atanatar II Alcarin in honour of his ascencion to the throne of Gondor. Pagan hieroglyphs were polished off and substituted with inscription in Quenya, with golden letters: "Atanatar II, son of Hyarmendacil, August and Glorious, honouring the Will of Valar, gave this as a gift to the Sun." Prince Vinyaran has used the former palace of Atanatar as his primary residence after being nominated condir of Osgiliath.
40. The Silver Gate. Road follows Ithilduin to the Crossroads and Minas Ithil.
36. Gate of Tulkas Victor. During the siege of 1447, this ceremonial entrance to the city was blocked up and reinforced with tuff blocks carved from Ephel Dúath. A smaller opening was cut to the gate in 1475. Most of the circular wall had collapsed along the Wilwarin heptonard by the end of the 16th century. It was hastily repaired during 1651-1652 by dismantling abandoned buildings in the quarter. The travertine masonry of the Gate and its superstructure survive to its full height at 19 m, and badly damaged frieze depicting Vala Tulkas is still extant. Road leads from the Gate of Tulkas Victor to Forithilien, Dagorlad and Rhovanion.
37. Gate of Salmar. Ancient entrance of double travertine arches has been replaced by two semicircular towers of the late 16th century, with no windows, only arrow-slits. As the main citadel in Wilwarin heptonard it is now occupied by hîr Maegorod, magistrate and exalted member of the Govadan Gondorim, who sustains the basic functions of his heptonard and rules the small township with iron hand.


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Stamps featuring the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and Philippine sea foods
Published · Updated
The Philippine Postal Corporation will issue a set of stamps and a souvenir sheet featuring fishes and other sea foods in celebration of the 60th anniversary of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR).
Kind of Issue: Special
Denomination & Quantities: P7 – – – 140,000 pcs (4 designs)
Souvenir Sheet: P27 – – 8,000 sheets
Sheet Composition: 16 (4×4)
Size of Stamps: 40 mm x 30 mm
Size of Souvenir Sheet: 133mm x 55mm
Date of Issue: July 2, 2007
Last Day of Issue: July 1, 2008 (as stocks allow)
Perforation: 14
Printing Process: Litho-Offset (4 colors)
Paper: Imported Unwatermarked
Printer: Amstar Company, Inc.
Design Coordinator: Dr. Ngo Tiong Tak T.
Corazon T. Loza
Layout Artist: Edward Gaspay
Randolf E, Siscar
Robinson C. Cruza
Photos Provided by: Butch Javier (Talakitok fish- Giant trevally)
Raymond Dy (Cuttlefish)
quatic Resources
Designs: Philippine food fishes and other sea foods
The Philippines is home to the world's richest marine biodiversities, including 4900 species of marine plants and animals, 28 percent of which are economically important and 10 percent are flagship species. In fact, the country is acknowledged as the center of marine biodiversity, with many more species still being discovered. This rich resource has placed the country as one of the biggest fish producer, ranking 8th worldwide. It has been providing the Filipinos with food and livelihoods and contributing much to the improvement of the economy through exports of fishery products. For sixty years now, the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources has been successful in striking a delicate balance between production and conservation. Read more.
Stamps, Souvenir Sheets and Official First Day Covers will be available starting July 2, 2007 at the Philatelic Service, Door 203, Liwasang Bonifacio, 1000 Manila and at all Regional Offices of the Philippine Postal Corporation.
Stamps featuring the Philippine Butterflies
by · Published
Stamps featuring the Philippines – Korea Diplomatic Relations 2009
Stamps featuring the APO Philatelic Society
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No doubt I am mixed, but I'm mixed and black. Blackness can accommodate mixedness, in a way that whiteness, with its myths of purity cannot. In some contexts I am black, in others mixed, sometimes I am Irish, others Nigerian (white is still off limits), but I am always me, always with the potential to identify as any of these things.
Emma Dabiri, "Emma: On Whether Irish Black People Are Woke, and on Changing "Foreign" Names," Dublin Inquirer, October 25, 2017. https://www.dublininquirer.com/2017/10/25/emma-on-whether-irish-black-people-are-woke-and-on-changing-foreign-names/.
The Great Migration and African-American Genomic Diversity
Posted in Articles, Census/Demographics, Health/Medicine/Genetics, History, Media Archive, Slavery, United States on 2016-05-29 14:29Z by Steven
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006059
Soheil Baharian
Department of Human Genetics
McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Maxime Barakatt
McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Christopher R. Gignoux
Department of Genetics
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
Suyash Shringarpure
Jacob Errington
William J. Blot
Division of Epidemiology
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland
Carlos D. Bustamante
Eimear E. Kenny
Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences
The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
Scott M. Williams
Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
Melinda C. Aldrich
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Thoracic Surgery
Simon Gravel
Fig 3. Pairwise genetic relatedness across US census regions among (A) African-Americans, (B) European-Americans, and (C) African-Americans and European-Americans. (D) Census-based prediction for African-Americans (see Materials and Methods). On each map, the line connecting two regions shows the average relatedness between individuals in those regions, and the thickness and opacity of the lines are on a linear scale between the minimum and maximum values shown above the map. Relatedness between regions with fewer than 10,000 possible pairs of individuals is not shown (see Materials and Methods for details). All numbers are in units of cM. (E) Decay of average IBD (shown in logarithmic scale) as a function of distance using IBD segments of length 18cM or longer from HRS (dots), compared to the analytical model (lines).
We present a comprehensive assessment of genomic diversity in the African-American population by studying three genotyped cohorts comprising 3,726 African-Americans from across the United States that provide a representative description of the population across all US states and socioeconomic status. An estimated 82.1% of ancestors to African-Americans lived in Africa prior to the advent of transatlantic travel, 16.7% in Europe, and 1.2% in the Americas, with increased African ancestry in the southern United States compared to the North and West. Combining demographic models of ancestry and those of relatedness suggests that admixture occurred predominantly in the South prior to the Civil War and that ancestry-biased migration is responsible for regional differences in ancestry. We find that recent migrations also caused a strong increase in genetic relatedness among geographically distant African-Americans. Long-range relatedness among African-Americans and between African-Americans and European-Americans thus track north- and west-bound migration routes followed during the Great Migration of the twentieth century. By contrast, short-range relatedness patterns suggest comparable mobility of ∼15–16km per generation for African-Americans and European-Americans, as estimated using a novel analytical model of isolation-by-distance.
Genetic studies of African-Americans identify functional variants, elucidate historical and genealogical mysteries, and reveal basic biology. However, African-Americans have been under-represented in genetic studies, and relatively little is known about nation-wide patterns of genomic diversity in the population. Here, we study African-American genomic diversity using genotype data from nationally and regionally representative cohorts. Access to these unique cohorts allows us to clarify the role of population structure, admixture, and recent massive migrations in shaping African-American genomic diversity and sheds new light on the genetic history of this population.
Tags: Carlos Bustamante, Carlos D. Bustamante, Christopher Gignoux, Christopher R. Gignoux, Eimear E. Kenny, Eimear Kenny, Jacob Errington, Maxime Barakatt, Melinda Aldrich, Melinda C. Aldrich., PLOS, PLOS Genetics, Public Library of Science, Scott M. Williams, Scott Williams, Simon Gravel, Soheil Baharian, Suyash Shringarpure, William Blot, William J. Blot
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Study explores race differences of lung cancer risk
Posted in Articles, Health/Medicine/Genetics, Media Archive, United States on 2013-08-02 02:04Z by Steven
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Reporter
Mimi Eckhard
Vanderbilt research scientist Melinda Aldrich, Ph.D., MPH, has been awarded a National Institutes of Health Academic Career Award to investigate some of the genetic secrets behind a greater risk of lung cancer among African-Americans compared with other racial and ethnic groups.
Aldrich, assistant professor of Thoracic Surgery and Epidemiology, will study the genetic ancestry of African-Americans to identify the genetic and environmental risk factors associated with a higher incidence of lung cancer in this population.
To date, this represents the largest study of African-Americans with lung cancer.
Though smoking is certainly a well-documented risk factor for lung cancer, it does not explain the racial disparity in lung cancer risk. Therefore, Aldrich believes a genetic difference may lie at the root of the problem…
…This five-year research study will be the largest to examine the genetics of lung cancer in a population whose ancestry is mixed and separated by thousands of years. African-Americans have ancestry in both Africa and Europe, and genetic mapping could identify common key regions that contribute to racial differences in lung cancer incidence…
Tags: Melinda Aldrich, Melinda C. Aldrich., Mimi Eckhard, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Reporter
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Genetic Ancestry in Lung-Function Predictions
Posted in Articles, Health/Medicine/Genetics, New Media, United States on 2010-07-10 01:51Z by Steven
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0907897
Rajesh Kumar, M.D.
Max A. Seibold, Ph.D.
Melinda C. Aldrich, Ph.D., M.P.H.
L. Keoki Williams, M.D., M.P.H.
Alex P. Reiner, M.D.
Laura Colangelo, M.S.
Joshua Galanter, M.D.
Christopher Gignoux, M.S.
Donglei Hu, Ph.D.
Saunak Sen, Ph.D.
Shweta Choudhry, Ph.D.
Edward L. Peterson, Ph.D.
Jose Rodriguez-Santana, M.D.
William Rodriguez-Cintron, M.D.
Michael A. Nalls, Ph.D.
Tennille S. Leak, Ph.D.
Ellen O'Meara, Ph.D.
Bernd Meibohm, Ph.D.
Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Ph.D.
Rongling Li, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H.
Tamara B. Harris, M.D.
Deborah A. Nickerson, Ph.D.
Myriam Fornage, Ph.D.
Paul Enright, M.D.
Elad Ziv, M.D.
Lewis J. Smith, M.D.
Kiang Liu, Ph.D.
Esteban González Burchard, M.D., M.P.H.
Background Self-identified race or ethnic group is used to determine normal reference standards in the prediction of pulmonary function. We conducted a study to determine whether the genetically determined percentage of African ancestry is associated with lung function and whether its use could improve predictions of lung function among persons who identified themselves as African American.
Methods We assessed the ancestry of 777 participants self-identified as African American in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study and evaluated the relation between pulmonary function and ancestry by means of linear regression. We performed similar analyses of data for two independent cohorts of subjects identifying themselves as African American: 813 participants in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (HABC) study and 579 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). We compared the fit of two types of models to lung-function measurements: models based on the covariates used in standard prediction equations and models incorporating ancestry. We also evaluated the effect of the ancestry-based models on the classification of disease severity in two asthma-study populations.
Results African ancestry was inversely related to forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity in the CARDIA cohort. These relations were also seen in the HABC and CHS cohorts. In predicting lung function, the ancestry-based model fit the data better than standard models. Ancestry-based models resulted in the reclassification of asthma severity (based on the percentage of the predicted FEV1) in 4 to 5% of participants.
Conclusions Current predictive equations, which rely on self-identified race alone, may misestimate lung function among subjects who identify themselves as African American. Incorporating ancestry into normative equations may improve lung-function estimates and more accurately categorize disease severity. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.)
…There are some important limitations of our study. First, our analysis does not address population groups other than self-identified African Americans, such as Latinos, who have more complex patterns of ancestral admixture. Second, the association between lung function and ancestry found in our study may be the result of factors other than genetic variation, such as premature birth, prenatal nutrition, socioeconomic status, and other environmental factors. Third, we did not study a replication population with the same age range as that of the CARDIA cohort. Thus, we may have overestimated the association between ancestry and lung function in the CARDIA participants, who were young adults. Finally, some researcher groups used different statistical approaches to estimate ancestry in their respective study populations. We have found previously, however, that different approaches (e.g., Markov models and maximum-likelihood estimation) produce highly correlated results from the same set of markers. The consistency of our findings across three cohorts, despite the different methods for estimating ancestry, underscores the robustness of the association with ancestry…
Read the entire article/report here.
Tags: Alex P. Reiner, Bernd Meibohm, Christopher Gignoux, Deborah A. Nickerson, Donglei Hu, Edward L. Peterson, Elad Ziv, Ellen O'Meara, Esteban Burchard, Esteban G. Burchard, Esteban González Burchard, Jose Rodriguez-Santana, Joshua Galanter, Kiang Liu, L. Keoki Williams., Laura Colangelo, Lewis J. Smith, Max A. Seibold, Melinda C. Aldrich., Michael A. Nalls, Myriam Fornage, New England Journal of Medicine, Paul Enright, Rajesh Kumar, Rongling Li., Saunak Sen, Shweta Choudhry, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Tamara B. Harris, Tennille S. Leak, William Rodriguez-Cintron


House Ways and Means Chair Tim Brown says the tax cut, which would be spread out over the next 10 years, would balance out his caucus' road funding bill.
Gov. Mike Pence Thursday signed two bills that shield teachers and schools from the 2015 ISTEP+ scores.
The road funding debate gripping the Statehouse this year has led to a strange dynamic, with Republican Gov. Mike Pence and Democrats pushing back against a House GOP plan to raise taxes.
Republican legislative leaders say Gov. Mike Pence was clear in his State of the State about the necessity of protecting religious freedom when it comes to the debate over LGBT rights. Democratic leaders say Pence failed to provide any leadership.
Will Pence Announce Stance On LGBT Rights Tonight?
Pence has previously hinted Hoosiers would know his stance on LGBT civil rights protections early this year.
Even while Gov. Mike Pence was still hours away from delivering his fourth State of the State address, the campaign for his Democratic rival John Gregg was attacking.
Indiana Gov. Mike Pence says he won't support adding state civil rights protections based on sexual orientation or gender identity if he believes that step would diminish religious freedoms.
Last year was challenging for Gov. Mike Pence after a number of his policy positions put the state in an unwanted spotlight.
Gregg actually outraised Pence in the first half of 2015, and finished the year with $3.7 million in contributions. But Pence raised about $3.5 million in just the last six months of the year.


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Until 1 January 2007 Ravnsborg was a municipality (Danish, kommune) on the northwest coast of the island of Lolland in the former Storstrøm County in south Denmark.  The municipality, including the islands of Fejø and Femø, covered an area of 198 km², and had a total population of 5,569 (2005).  Its last mayor was Stig Vestergård, a member of the Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Horslunde.

Ferry service connects the former municipality to Langeland from a harbour west of the town of Sandby, and to the islands of Fejø and Femø from the town of Kragenæs.

Ravnsborg municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007).  It was merged with existing Holeby, Højreby, Maribo, Nakskov, Rudbjerg and Rødby municipalities to form the new Lolland Municipality.  This created a municipality with an area of 892 km² and a total population of 49,469 (2005). The new municipality belongs to Region Zealand ("Region Sjælland").

External links
 The new Lolland municipality's official website (Danish only)

References
 Municipal statistics: NetBorger Kommunefakta, delivered from KMD aka Kommunedata (Municipal Data)
 Municipal mergers and neighbors: Eniro new municipalities map

Former municipalities of Denmark

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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This elegant 83' sailing yacht provides the best of both worlds: performance and modern systems with luxurious living in classic style. She is unsurpassed in her flexible cruising ability thanks to her layout and features. She's fast, safe, comfortable, and a beauty to behold.
She's unique for a boat of her size, with a split level indoor salon space allowing increased privacy, with the three guest cabins aft and the crew and galley situated forward of the mast. The vessel is fully air conditioned throughout.
The yacht can accommodate 6 guests in 3 cabins. The Master cabin has a queen size bed, shower and toilet. A second Guest cabin also has a queen size bed, shower and toilet and the third Guest cabin has two single beds, shower and toilet.