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Whatever interest we take in the fortune of those with whom we have no acquaintance or connexion, and who are placed altogether out of the sphere of our activity, can produce only anxiety to ourselves without any manner of advantage to them. The poor Curate, in the mean time, who may be a real comfort to the bodies and minds of his parishioners, will be passed by without notice. It is a little singular that Beaumanoir, in digesting the customs of Beauvais but a few years later, speaks of this practice as an ancient and obsolete one, of which he had only heard through tradition.[656] That it continued to be in vogue until long after, is shown by Monteil, who alludes to several documents of the kind, bearing date as late as the fifteenth century.[657] As a rule, ecclesiastical communities were likewise under the necessity of employing champions to defend their rights. The psychological origin of this plan is explained rather curiously by Humboldt, as the result of an _exaltation of the imaginative over the intellectual elements of mind_. In the Maya system of lineal measures, foot, hand, and body measures were nearly equally prominent, but the foot unit was the customary standard. Our self-love, rather than our self-interest, is the master-key to our affections. There are also associations that give beauty to colours, pleasurableness to those tints that suggest youth, health, vigour and feminine charm. Burke's style, that Noble Person objected to it as too gaudy and meretricious, and said that it was more profuse of flowers than fruit. The thief will not steal by day; but his having this command over himself does not do away his character or calling. According as they have failed or succeeded in this, they have constantly failed or succeeded in gaining reputation and renown to their authors; and this will be found to be the clue that is most capable of conducting us through all the labyrinths of philosophical history: for in the mean time, it will serve to confirm what has gone before, and to throw light upon what is to come after, that we observe, in general, that no system, how well soever in other respects supported, has ever been able to gain any general credit on the world, whose connecting principles were not such as were familiar to all mankind. Nor does order popular expository essay on trump it seem to have been generally attended to, that there was any such thing as Epicycles in the system of Copernicus, till Kepler, in order to vindicate his own elliptical orbits, insisted, that even, according to Copernicus, the body of the Planet was to be found but at two different places in the circumference of that circle which the centre of its Epicycle described. Prudence, for example, though, according to this philosophy, the source and principle of all the virtues, was not desirable upon its own account. In one, a title to a domain in Acanceh, there are distances given, but in a measure quite unknown to me, _sicina_, preceded by the numeral and its termination indicating measures, _hulucppiz sicina_, eleven sicinas.[399] The maps indicate relative position only, and were evidently not designed by a scale, or laid off in proportion to distance. At Clark's Works, Ohio, the embankments and mounds together contain about 3,000,000 cubic feet;[84] but as the embankment is three miles long, most of this is not in the mounds themselves. To take an interest in humanity, it was only thought necessary to have the form of a man: to espouse its cause, nothing was wanting but to be able to articulate the name. The individual, by a great effort, may behave perfectly {218} well. The heart was very generally looked upon, not only as the seat of life, but as the source of the feelings, intellect and passions, the very soul itself.[141] Hence, in sacrificing victims it was torn out and offered to the god as representing the immaterial part of the individual, that which survived the death of the body. and the last words of Barabas complete this prodigious caricature: But now begins th' extremity of heat To pinch me with intolerable pangs: Die, life! If the first are frightened at the least breath of scandal, the last are disgusted with the smallest approach to popularity. You sort the whole mass at once, so that while you are segregating the A's you are at the same time collecting the B's and all the rest of the alphabet. We are not yet perfect and we have much to learn. There was a loud call for some kind of a standard plan, and small library buildings, whether for branches or independent libraries, are now a good deal alike, so much so that we can often pick out a library building by its outward guise, and that we will sometimes say of a post-office or an art gallery, "That looks exactly like a library". Though every man may, according to the proverb, be the whole world to himself, to the rest of mankind he is a most insignificant part of it. On the day of trial, in the presence of an immense crowd, in the cathedral which was chosen as the place of judgment, the first prisoner sank, the second floated, the third sank, the fourth floated, the fifth sank, and Anselm, who was the sixth, notwithstanding his previous experiment, obstinately floated, and was condemned with his accomplices, in spite of his earnest protestations of innocence.[1026] Although the cold-water ordeal disappears from the statute-book in civil and in ordinary criminal actions together with its kindred modes of purgation, there was one class of cases in which it maintained its hold upon the popular faith to a much later period. It appeared to me that this child took a delight in tormenting itself and others; that the love of tyrannising over others and subjecting them to its caprices was a full compensation for the beating it received, that the screams it uttered soothed its peevish, turbulent spirit, and that it had a positive pleasure in pain from the sense of power accompanying it. It is this perfectly disinterested intellectual process which brings about the _feeling_ of the ludicrous and its expression in laughter. Promptness in paying one's debts, for example, will for most men wear a reasonable or a foolish aspect according to the custom of their tribe—though here two class-standards make themselves distinctly felt; and so the laugh may be turned, as the custom changes, from him whose tardiness in discharging liabilities suggests straitened means otherwise carefully concealed, to him who displays an ungentlemanly haste in matters of a contemptible smallness. Mrs. It tends to preserve whatever is the established balance among the different orders and societies into which the state is divided; and while it sometimes appears to obstruct some alterations of government which may be fashionable and popular at the time, it contributes in reality to the stability and permanency of the whole system. Some of these particles convey a peculiar turn to the whole sentence, difficult to express in our tongues. And even where it is recognized that some training and experience are necessary in administering a large public institution, there is a lingering feeling that a comparatively small collection, like that in a school, needs no expert supervision. When his judgments are steadily and firmly directed by the sense of praise-worthiness and blame-worthiness, he seems to order popular expository essay on trump act suitably to his divine extraction: but when he suffers himself to be astonished and confounded by the judgments of ignorant and weak man, he discovers his connexion with mortality, and appears to act suitably, rather to the human, than to the divine, part of his origin. He made answer that he should have conceived that to be impossible. Very little of this feeling is justifiable, and these dissatisfied workers will do better work if they are made to realize that it is only the favored few who can bring enthusiasm to the daily routine. "This," said the bishop, "we had to do for them." Therefore they did not have an alphabet in the sense of the word as we use it. We are lost in wonder at the magnitude, the difficulty, and the interminable prospect. These it is often impossible to accommodate to all the different shades and gradations of circumstance, character, and situation, to differences and distinctions which, though not imperceptible, are, by their nicety and delicacy, often altogether undefinable. It was a dread and bitter throe— Such as fond hearts, when doomed to sever, At once unheeded and for ever, Pure ardent souls alone could know. The sooner that Americanists generally, and especially those in Europe, recognize the absolute autochthony of native American culture, the more valuable will their studies become. Accordingly, the desire to escape from the necessity of purgation by battle is almost coeval with the founding of the first communes. There was something in this plainness and simplicity that savoured perhaps of the hardness and dryness of his art, and of his own peculiar severity of manner. Massinger, as Mr. Some of them are tottering now. There is no conclusive evidence that he realized all the difference, the gulf of difference between lines like: En l'an trentiesme de mon aage Que toutes mes hontes j'ay beues; and even the very best of Ronsard or Bellay, such as: Le temps s'en va, le temps s'en va, madame; Las! You are sensible of effort without any repose—no careless pleasantry—no traits of character or touches from nature—every thing is laboured or overdone. It is in some such fashion that the library of 1950 will differ from that of today. The babble of the second and third months, which is made up of a reiteration of many vocal and consonantal sounds, may prepare for laughter, as it certainly does for speech. Every creator is also a critic; Jonson was a conscious critic, but he was also conscious in his creations. Its declensions and conjugations accordingly are much less complex than those of the Greek; it has dropped the dual number in both. _he_, indicative termination of the foregoing.
And of course, although we may praise James Whitcomb Riley portraying what he saw about him there would be little to praise if he were not at the same time portraying James Whitcomb Riley and if that portrayal were not worth while. Paul, without specifying his offence, the tribune forthwith ordered "that he should be examined by scourging, that he might know wherefore they cried so against him;" and when St. Before we approve of the sentiments of any person as proper and suitable to their objects, we must not only be affected in the same manner as he is, but we must perceive this harmony and correspondence of sentiments between him and ourselves. An adverse decision condemned it to wander lonely in the darkness, but a favorable verdict authorized its entrance into the happy fields of Elysium. It is perhaps excusable for a person who is ignorant of all but one thing, to think _that_ the sole excellence, and to be full of himself as the possessor. In the plays of Congreve and his contemporaries, we meet {371} order popular expository essay on trump with a comic treatment of more widespread "manners" of the hour. The hero {206} who serves his country successfully in foreign war gratifies the wishes of the whole nation, and is, upon that account, the object of universal gratitude and admiration. The expression means only that a man will be ready to laugh at it, provided that he has certain requisite perceptions with the correlated emotional susceptibilities, and that nothing interferes with the working of these. The mind being thus successively occupied by a train of objects, of which the nature, succession, and connection correspond, sometimes to the gay, sometimes to the tranquil, and sometimes to the melancholy mood or disposition, it is itself successively led into each of those moods or dispositions; and is thus brought into a sort of harmony or concord with the Music which so agreeably engages its attention. What the habit of a quick humorous perception does for its subject here is best described, perhaps, as the fostering of a pure and wholesome atmosphere in the soul, in which disease-germs must perforce die of inanition. Who uses the library of to-day? Here we come to the other column in the reckoning. The clearness or dimness of the perception will depend upon the habits of thought and the organization of motives–or lack of it–which result from the native tendencies and development of the subjective mind. _Orl._ Who doth he gallop withal? _S._ Why then endeavour to make them so; or in other words, to make them more than they are or can become? In the proper direction of this care and foresight consists the art of preserving and increasing what is called his external fortune. In the Institutes of Manu there are very minute directions as to evidence, the testimony preferred being that of witnesses, whose comparative credibility is very carefully discussed, and when such evidence is not attainable, the parties, as we have seen above, are ordered to be sworn or tried by the ordeal. The Deity comprehended within his infinite essence, all these species, or external exemplars, in the same manner as he comprehended all sensible objects. This would be still more the case, if the same person both danced and sung; a practice very common among the ancients: it requires good lungs and a vigorous constitution; but with these advantages and long practice, the very highest dances may be performed in this manner. Soon after, while saying mass before Henry, to prove the force of his loyal convictions, he declared that the sacrament he was about to take should attest the righteousness of his master's cause; and the anti-imperialist chronicler duly records that a sudden disease overtook him, to be followed by speedy death.[1111] In the case of William, Bishop of Utrecht, as related by Hugh of Flavigny, the Eucharist was less an ordeal than a punishment. Its primitive meaning is, a sign, a mark, a characteristic. They propose to erect a Chrestomathic school, by cutting down some fine old trees on the classic ground where Milton thought and wrote, to introduce a rabble of children, who for the Greek and Latin languages, poetry, and history, that fine pabulum of useful enthusiasm, that breath of immortality infused into our youthful blood, that balm and cordial of our future years, are to be drugged with chemistry and apothecaries' receipts, are to be taught to do every thing, and to see and feel nothing;—that the grubbing up of elegant arts and polite literature may be followed by the systematic introduction of accomplished barbarism and mechanical quackery. We never can know–and yet we continue to prophesy. It came down in numbers once a fortnight, in Cooke's pocket-edition, embellished with cuts. But no such apology can be made. Footnote 42: The reputation is not the man. {307} Again, that which amuses us will often, when thoughtfully considered, show itself to be bound up with what is really estimable. This is a quartz crystal or other translucent stone, which has been duly sanctified by burning before it gum copal as an incense, and by the solemn recital of certain magic formulas in an archaic dialect passed down from the wise ancients. This danger passed, the soul reaches the farther strand, and rises from the waters, as Horus, who represents the sun at dawn, rises from the eastern waves. The chief cause, however, why such objects produce such violent effects upon us, is their novelty. If there are fewer public libraries in the South than in the North it is because the need for them is not felt there, even if it exists. But it goes farther than this: it makes the authorities strict regarding technicalities; it may even lead to the encouragement of infraction of the law in order that the penalties may reach a larger amount. If two plays so different as _The Tempest_ and _The Silent Woman_ are both comedies, surely the category of tragedy could be made wide enough to include something possible for Jonson to have done. I know of no more exasperating duty than that of continually meeting a library public–and I know of no pleasanter one. How weak and imperfect soever the views of the open-hearted, we take pleasure to enter into them, and endeavour, as much as we can, to bring down our own understanding to the level of their capacities, and to regard every subject in the particular light in which they appear to have considered it. Every day some feature is improved; every day some blemish is corrected. Every effort to obtain testimony was to be exhausted, and the accused was to be afforded full opportunities for defence before he could be subjected to it, and then there must be sufficient indications of guilt, mere rumor being inadequate to justify it. In fact, it is this undue concentration of energy, which abstracts or confuses, rather than destroys the proper diffusion of consciousness. The intense feeling, ecstatic or terrible, without an object or exceeding its object, is something which every person of sensibility has known; it is doubtless a study to pathologists. Leland made himself acquainted with Algonkin mythology in general, he would have found that this is but one of several, to our thinking, opprobrious names they applied to their highest divinity, their national hero, and the reputed saviour and benefactor of their race. Lange speaks of a young man who, when treated for ulceration of the tongue by a very painful caustic, regularly broke out into violent laughter when the pain reached its maximum.[47] Many persons when thrown into a prolonged state of grief, accompanied by weeping, exhibit a tendency to break out into laughter towards the end of the fit. His calculations were founded upon this system, and as the events corresponded to his predictions, with a degree of accuracy which, though inferior to what Astronomy has since arrived at, was greatly superior to any thing which the world had then known, they ascertained, to all astronomers and order popular expository essay on trump mathematicians, the preference of his system, above all those which had been current before. Girodet has given General Bonchamps, though in a situation of great difficulty and danger, a calm and even smiling air, and that the portrait of Cathelineau, instead of a hero, looks only like an angry peasant. If you get a satisfactory result the first time, you may stop, and ascribe it, if you please, to your good luck. After it was concluded, the superintendant conducted him to his apartment, and told him the circumstances on which his treatment would depend; that it was his anxious wish to make every inhabitant of the house as comfortable as possible; and that he sincerely hoped the patient's conduct would render it unnecessary for him to have recourse to coercion. The mistake is particularly ludicrous to those who have ever seen Mr. ] Some of these signs have been so carefully scrutinized that their phonetic value may be considered to have been determined with reasonable certainty. (3) Another group of laughable objects is closely related to the last. The power is that of collective minds; suggestion an effect of its activity, not a derived essence.
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There has not been a winter in Illinois in recent history that has not produced a severe winter storm. On average, Illinois experiences five severe winter storms each year. The hazards that winter storms and extreme cold can be catastrophic. However, your family can take actions now that will increase your chances of surviving winter storms and extreme cold. Continue reading for tips on how to remain safe and alert.
During the holiday season, use caution when installing decorations. Avoid the use of multiple extension cords and do not overload electrical outlets. Never use candles on or around your decorations or Christmas tree. If you haven't already done so, change the batteries in your smoke and carbon monoxide alarms.


Sunnyvale Wrestling Club has embarked on the 2nd year of running a youth league in partnership with Sunnyvale Elementary School District. If you would like more information please visit the page dedicated to the league. There is also an online sign up form at that page but a hard copy of the waiver must be turned in to the school in which your child will be wrestling.
We would like to thank all of our partners, volunteers, and sponsors. Without you this league would not be a reality.


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Tensions in Rohingya camps before return to Myanmar
GUNGDUM - Reuters
Tensions mounted on Jan. 21 at refugee camps in Bangladesh holding hundreds of thousands of Rohingya Muslims over an operation to send them back to Myanmar, from where they have fled following a military crackdown.
Dozens of refugees stood holding cloth banners opposing their transfer as United Nations Special Rapporteur Yanghee Lee visited camps along the Bangladesh-Myanmar border over the weekend. Some refugee leaders said Bangladesh military officials had threatened to seize their food ration cards if they did not return.
Under an agreement signed last week, Myanmar is set to receive Rohingya refugees from Bangladesh at two reception centers and a temporary camp near their common border starting tomorrow and continuing over the next two years.
The refugees refuse to go back unless their safety can be guaranteed and Myanmars grant their demands to be given citizenship and inclusion in a list of recognised ethnic minorities. They are also asking that their homes, mosques and schools that were burned down or damaged in the military operation be rebuilt.
Over 655,500 Muslim Rohingya fled to Bangladesh after the Myanmar military cracked down in the northern part of Rakhine state in response to militant attacks on security forces on Aug. 25. The United Nations described the operation as ethnic cleansing of the Rohingya, which Myanmar denies.
Rohingya elders told Reuters that Bangladeshi army officials have called or met them over the last two days, asking them to prepare lists of families from their camps for repatriation. Four of them said they were among more than 70 camp leaders - representing thousands of refugees - who met army officers at the Gungdum camp on Jan. 20.
"When we said we cannot provide the lists because people are not ready to return, they asked us to bring their WP cards," said Musa, a leader at the Gungdum camp, referring to relief cards provided by the U.N.'s World Food Program.
Rashedul Hasan, a spokesman for the Bangladesh army, said he was not aware of army men threatening to take away food cards.
Hundreds of refugees queue up at relief centers across the camps each morning to collect food using the cards. These centers are managed by the Bangladesh army.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has repeatedly said Rohingya returns need to be voluntary.
"UNHCR has not been part of discussions (on repatriation) to date, but has offered support to engage in the process to ensure that the voices of refugees are heard," Caroline Gluck, a senior protection officer for the agency, said by email on Saturday. "The pace of returns should be determined by the refugees themselves."
Rohingya Muslims, conflict,
China registers lowest economic growth in 29 years
Ankara says E Med Gas Forum 'far from reality'
Turkey to keep backing legitimate Libyan gov't: Turkish president
Historic Virgin Mary Church reopens as library
Turkey's Central Bank cuts interest rates 75 bps
New walking tour app spotlights multicultural Istanbul
Ukraine PM says 'don't jump to conclusions' after submitting resignation letter
Israel detains five Finnish citizens for trying to cross Gaza fence
Spanish banker gets jail term for trying to smuggle out Picasso work
The commander of forces fighting the U.N.-supported government in war-torn Libya has begun meetings in Athens.
China's economy grew 6.1 percent in 2019 registering the lowest growth in the last 29 years, according to official data revealed on Jan. 17.
EuroLeague: Barcelona stun Fenerbahçe Beko in Istanbul
Turkey's Fenerbahçe Beko suffered a frustrating home loss to Barcelona on Jan. 17 that ended the Istanbul club's three-game winning streak in the Turkish Airlines EuroLeague.
© Hürriyet Daily News

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Spanning three days and four stages, Solid Sound returns to Mass MoCA every other year with a festival of new music by Wilco and band members' side projects, as well as many other musical performers and a full comedy lineup programmed by festival alum John Hodgman. Thousands of visitors flood North Adams every other June for family fun, local food, craft beer, camping, naturalist activities and more.
Spanning three days and four stages, Solid Sound returns to Mass MoCA every other year with a festival of new music by Wilco and band members' side projects, as well as many other musical performers and a full comedy lineup programmed by festival alum John Hodgman. Thousands of visitors flood North Adams every other June for family fun, local food, craft beer, camping, naturalist activities and more.


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The facilities vary according to location, but include saunas, hot tubs, steam rooms, meditation rooms, waterbeds, venturi jets for hydrotherapy, and everything you've been longing for, to leave you feeling ready to face the hubbub and commotion of the outside world again.
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Paper Count: 8
Search results for: P. Kacejko
8 The Potential of Braking Energy Recuperation in a City Bus Diesel Engine in the Japanese JE05 Emission Test Cycle
Authors: Grzegorz Baranski, Piotr Kacejko, Konrad Pietrykowski, Mariusz Duk
This paper discusses a model of a bus-driving scheme. Rapid changes in speed result in a constantly changing kinetic energy accumulated in a bus mass and an increased fuel consumption due to hardly recuperated kinetic energy. The model is based on the results achieved from chassis dynamometer, airport and city street researches. The verified model was applied to simulate the mechanical energy recuperation during the Japanese JE05 Emission Test Cycle. The simulations were performed for several values of vehicle mass. The research results show that fuel economy is impacted by kinetic energy recuperation.
Keywords: heavy duty vehicle, city bus, Japanese JE05 test cycle, kinetic energy, simulations
7 Simulation Research of City Bus Fuel Consumption during the CUEDC Australian Driving Cycle
Authors: P. Kacejko, M. Wendeker
The fuel consumption of city buses depends on a number of factors that characterize the technical properties of the bus and driver, as well as traffic conditions. This parameter related to greenhouse gas emissions is regulated by law in many countries. This applies to both fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Simulation studies are a way to reduce the costs of optimization studies. The paper describes simulation research of fuel consumption city bus driving. Parameters of the developed model are based on experimental results obtained on chassis dynamometer test stand and road tests. The object of the study was a city bus equipped with a compression-ignition engine. The verified model was applied to simulate the behavior of a bus during the CUEDC Australian Driving Cycle. The results of the calculations showed a direct influence of driving dynamics on fuel consumption.
Keywords: Australian Driving Cycle, city bus, diesel engine, fuel consumption
6 Fuel Economy of Electrical Energy in the City Bus during Japanese Test Procedure
Authors: Piotr Kacejko, Lukasz Grabowski, Zdzislaw Kaminski
This paper discusses a model of fuel consumption and on-board electricity generation. Rapid changes in speed result in a constantly changing kinetic energy accumulated in a bus mass and an increased fuel consumption due to hardly recuperated kinetic energy. The model is based on the results achieved from chassis dynamometer, airport and city street researches. The verified model was applied to simulate the on-board electricity generation during the Japanese JE05 Emission Test Cycle. The simulations were performed for several values of vehicle mass and electrical load applied to on-board devices. The research results show that driving dynamics has an impact on a consumption of fuel to drive alternators.
Keywords: city bus, heavy duty vehicle, Japanese JE05 test cycle, power generation
5 The Modeling of City Bus Fuel Economy during the JE05 Emission Test Cycle
Authors: Miroslaw Wendeker, Piotr Kacejko, Marcin Szlachetka, Mariusz Duk
This paper discusses a model of fuel economy in a city bus driving in a dynamic urban environment. Rapid changes in speed result in a constantly changing kinetic energy accumulated in a bus mass and an increased fuel consumption due to hardly recuperated kinetic energy. The model is based on the bench test results achieved from chassis dynamometer, airport and city street researches. The verified model was applied to simulate the behavior of a bus during the Japanese JE05 Emission Test Cycle. The fuel consumption was calculated for three separate research stages, i.e. urban, downtown and motorway. The simulations were performed for several values of vehicle mass and electrical load applied to on-board devices. The research results show fuel consumption is impacted by driving dynamics.
Keywords: city bus, heavy duty vehicle, Japanese JE05 test cycle, kinetic energy
4 Individual Cylinder Ignition Advance Control Algorithms of the Aircraft Piston Engine
Authors: G. Barański, P. Kacejko, M. Wendeker
The impact of the ignition advance control algorithms of the ASz-62IR-16X aircraft piston engine on a combustion process has been presented in this paper. This aircraft engine is a nine-cylinder 1000 hp engine with a special electronic control ignition system. This engine has two spark plugs per cylinder with an ignition advance angle dependent on load and the rotational speed of the crankshaft. Accordingly, in most cases, these angles are not optimal for power generated. The scope of this paper is focused on developing algorithms to control the ignition advance angle in an electronic ignition control system of an engine. For this type of engine, i.e. radial engine, an ignition advance angle should be controlled independently for each cylinder because of the design of such an engine and its crankshaft system. The ignition advance angle is controlled in an open-loop way, which means that the control signal (i.e. ignition advance angle) is determined according to the previously developed maps, i.e. recorded tables of the correlation between the ignition advance angle and engine speed and load. Load can be measured by engine crankshaft speed or intake manifold pressure. Due to a limited memory of a controller, the impact of other independent variables (such as cylinder head temperature or knock) on the ignition advance angle is given as a series of one-dimensional arrays known as corrective characteristics. The value of the ignition advance angle specified combines the value calculated from the primary characteristics and several correction factors calculated from correction characteristics. Individual cylinder control can proceed in line with certain indicators determined from pressure registered in a combustion chamber. Control is assumed to be based on the following indicators: maximum pressure, maximum pressure angle, indicated mean effective pressure. Additionally, a knocking combustion indicator was defined. Individual control can be applied to a single set of spark plugs only, which results from two fundamental ideas behind designing a control system. Independent operation of two ignition control systems – if two control systems operate simultaneously. It is assumed that the entire individual control should be performed for a front spark plug only and a rear spark plug shall be controlled with a fixed (or specific) offset relative to the front one or from a reference map. The developed algorithms will be verified by simulation and engine test sand experiments. This work has been financed by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development, INNOLOT, under Grant Agreement No. INNOLOT/I/1/NCBR/2013.
Keywords: algorithm, combustion process, radial engine, spark plug
3 Comparison of the Effectiveness of Tree Algorithms in Classification of Spongy Tissue Texture
Authors: Roza Dzierzak, Waldemar Wojcik, Piotr Kacejko
Analysis of the texture of medical images consists of determining the parameters and characteristics of the examined tissue. The main goal is to assign the analyzed area to one of two basic groups: as a healthy tissue or a tissue with pathological changes. The CT images of the thoracic lumbar spine from 15 healthy patients and 15 with confirmed osteoporosis were used for the analysis. As a result, 120 samples with dimensions of 50x50 pixels were obtained. The set of features has been obtained based on the histogram, gradient, run-length matrix, co-occurrence matrix, autoregressive model, and Haar wavelet. As a result of the image analysis, 290 descriptors of textural features were obtained. The dimension of the space of features was reduced by the use of three selection methods: Fisher coefficient (FC), mutual information (MI), minimization of the classification error probability and average correlation coefficients between the chosen features minimization of classification error probability (POE) and average correlation coefficients (ACC). Each of them returned ten features occupying the initial place in the ranking devised according to its own coefficient. As a result of the Fisher coefficient and mutual information selections, the same features arranged in a different order were obtained. In both rankings, the 50% percentile (Perc.50%) was found in the first place. The next selected features come from the co-occurrence matrix. The sets of features selected in the selection process were evaluated using six classification tree methods. These were: decision stump (DS), Hoeffding tree (HT), logistic model trees (LMT), random forest (RF), random tree (RT) and reduced error pruning tree (REPT). In order to assess the accuracy of classifiers, the following parameters were used: overall classification accuracy (ACC), true positive rate (TPR, classification sensitivity), true negative rate (TNR, classification specificity), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Taking into account the classification results, it should be stated that the best results were obtained for the Hoeffding tree and logistic model trees classifiers, using the set of features selected by the POE + ACC method. In the case of the Hoeffding tree classifier, the highest values of three parameters were obtained: ACC = 90%, TPR = 93.3% and PPV = 93.3%. Additionally, the values of the other two parameters, i.e., TNR = 86.7% and NPV = 86.6% were close to the maximum values obtained for the LMT classifier. In the case of logistic model trees classifier, the same ACC value was obtained ACC=90% and the highest values for TNR=88.3% and NPV= 88.3%. The values of the other two parameters remained at a level close to the highest TPR = 91.7% and PPV = 91.6%. The results obtained in the experiment show that the use of classification trees is an effective method of classification of texture features. This allows identifying the conditions of the spongy tissue for healthy cases and those with the porosis.
Keywords: classification, feature selection, texture analysis, tree algorithms
2 Adaptive Power Control of the City Bus Integrated Photovoltaic System
Authors: Piotr Kacejko, Mariusz Duk, Miroslaw Wendeker
This paper presents an adaptive controller to track the maximum power point of a photovoltaic modules (PV) under fast irradiation change on the city-bus roof. Photovoltaic systems have been a prominent option as an additional energy source for vehicles. The Municipal Transport Company (MPK) in Lublin has installed photovoltaic panels on its buses roofs. The solar panels turn solar energy into electric energy and are used to load the buses electric equipment. This decreases the buses alternators load, leading to lower fuel consumption and bringing both economic and ecological profits. A DC–DC boost converter is selected as the power conditioning unit to coordinate the operating point of the system. In addition to the conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic panel, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method also plays a main role to harvest most energy out of the sun. The MPPT unit on a moving vehicle must keep tracking accuracy high in order to compensate rapid change of irradiation change due to dynamic motion of the vehicle. Maximum power point track controllers should be used to increase efficiency and power output of solar panels under changing environmental factors. There are several different control algorithms in the literature developed for maximum power point tracking. However, energy performances of MPPT algorithms are not clarified for vehicle applications that cause rapid changes of environmental factors. In this study, an adaptive MPPT algorithm is examined at real ambient conditions. PV modules are mounted on a moving city bus designed to test the solar systems on a moving vehicle. Some problems of a PV system associated with a moving vehicle are addressed. The proposed algorithm uses a scanning technique to determine the maximum power delivering capacity of the panel at a given operating condition and controls the PV panel. The aim of control algorithm was matching the impedance of the PV modules by controlling the duty cycle of the internal switch, regardless of changes of the parameters of the object of control and its outer environment. Presented algorithm was capable of reaching the aim of control. The structure of an adaptive controller was simplified on purpose. Since such a simple controller, armed only with an ability to learn, a more complex structure of an algorithm can only improve the result. The presented adaptive control system of the PV system is a general solution and can be used for other types of PV systems of both high and low power. Experimental results obtained from comparison of algorithms by a motion loop are presented and discussed. Experimental results are presented for fast change in irradiation and partial shading conditions. The results obtained clearly show that the proposed method is simple to implement with minimum tracking time and high tracking efficiency proving superior to the proposed method. This work has been financed by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development, PBS, under Grant Agreement No. PBS 2/A6/16/2013.
Keywords: adaptive control, photovoltaic energy, city bus electric load, DC-DC converter
1 Simulation Research of Innovative Ignition System of ASz62IR Radial Aircraft Engine
Authors: Miroslaw Wendeker, Piotr Kacejko, Mariusz Duk, Pawel Karpinski
The research in the field of aircraft internal combustion engines is currently driven by the needs of decreasing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, while fulfilling the level of safety. Currently, reciprocating aircraft engines are found in sports, emergency, agricultural and recreation aviation. Technically, they are most at a pre-war knowledge of the theory of operation, design and manufacturing technology, especially if compared to that high level of development of automotive engines. Typically, these engines are driven by carburetors of a quite primitive construction. At present, due to environmental requirements and dealing with a climate change, it is beneficial to develop aircraft piston engines and adopt the achievements of automotive engineering such as computer-controlled low-pressure injection, electronic ignition control and biofuels. The paper describes simulation research of the innovative power and control systems for the aircraft radial engine of high power. Installing an electronic ignition system in the radial aircraft engine is a fundamental innovative idea of this solution. Consequently, the required level of safety and better functionality as compared to the today's plug system can be guaranteed. In this framework, this research work focuses on describing a methodology for optimizing the electronically controlled ignition system. This attempt can reduce emissions of toxic compounds as a result of lowered fuel consumption, optimized combustion and engine capability of efficient combustion of ecological fuels. New, redundant elements of the control system can improve the safety of aircraft. Consequently, the required level of safety and better functionality as compared to the today's plug system can be guaranteed. The simulation research aimed to determine the vulnerability of the values measured (they were planned as the quantities measured by the measurement systems) to determining the optimal ignition angle (the angle of maximum torque at a given operating point). The described results covered: a) research in steady states; b) velocity ranging from 1500 to 2200 rpm (every 100 rpm); c) loading ranging from propeller power to maximum power; d) altitude ranging according to the International Standard Atmosphere from 0 to 8000 m (every 1000 m); e) fuel: automotive gasoline ES95. The three models of different types of ignition coil (different energy discharge) were studied. The analysis aimed at the optimization of the design of the innovative ignition system for an aircraft engine. The optimization involved: a) the optimization of the measurement systems; b) the optimization of actuator systems. The studies enabled the research on the vulnerability of the signals to the control of the ignition timing. Accordingly, the number and type of sensors were determined for the ignition system to achieve its optimal performance. The results confirmed the limited benefits, in terms of fuel consumption. Thus, including spark management in the optimization is mandatory to significantly decrease the fuel consumption. This work has been financed by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development, INNOLOT, under Grant Agreement No. INNOLOT/I/1/NCBR/2013.
Keywords: piston engine, radial engine, ignition system, CFD model, engine optimization


These are my final pieces. Refer to my Production logs for Harvard references within the articles.
Progress this week regarding the production is almost difficult to analyse because most of the heavy-duty work was all completed. This week was mostly touching up the tiny adjustments on my production work, asking for the last few bits of feedback for my articles and layouts and (most importantly) (Covers Unit 8 4.1)- completing my final evaluation.
(Covers Unit 8 1.1/4.1)- To ensure that I had evaluated all elements of my Final Major Project to the highest level of detail possible, I referred back to my project plan which had outlines of my intended research methods/processes, target audience, methods of production, how I will plan and manage my time and keep track of my progress and targets. I was able to comment on these sections based on how well I believe I carried them out, what problems I faced during their stage and how I overcame them and how they impacted the final pieces whether they were positive or negative.
The use of this plan was immensely helpful with reflecting on every little detail of my project from the pre-production stage right through to adding the finishing touches to my final pieces. Not only was this also proof that I had carried out everything proposed in the proposal but also proof that I had met every criteria requested in this project.
(Covers Unit 8 4.1/1.1)- Even though I was mainly focusing on the final evaluation for most of this week, I still asked for feedback from my tutor on my double-page spreads and editor's letter for any final touches that needed adding. He mainly commented on how professional and clean the layout looked in correlation with the magazine's layout. However, even though he admitted there were very few things to adjust he did refer to the text box on the double-page spread #2 where it would look better if the text in it was a little bit more spaced out and the box itself so that it met in alignment with the columns on the opposing page. Also for my first double-page spread there was a tiny little bit of white page remaining from where the photo didn't quite meet the bottom of the page so that was corrected within a minute.
This week, I didn't really have any 'targets' to set apart from completing our URL document for ease of access when our Final Major Project is being graded. Although, Harvard referencing became a major cause for concern for a number of those in my class this week. We were all originally using the numbering format of Harvard referencing and we were all told that the required format was the conventional one where in-text citing was requested. This was a huge hassle for me because: I had to alter my research sketchbook entirely, rearrange my bibliography, and update all my previous blog posts with the new references and in-text cite the article drafts too. (Covers Unit 8 3.1/4.1)- Even though this did take up pretty much the rest of my week to complete, I did try to see it as a positive in the way that: it was a chance to double-check to see that every reference is in it's correct format depending on its source and that it's clearly in alphabetical order as required with the conventional Harvard format. Regarding my progress tracker book, this is what I mostly commented on for the week but I also noted how successful my final evaluation writing had gone too.
This week, considering this was the last week of project production, has actually been substantially easy-going and relaxed since all my final pieces were complete and it just meant touching up the smallest of details and asking for feedback on them too.
Here is the final article draft for my double-page spread #2. All seemed spot-on with my tutor but he suggested replacing the 'but' with an 'and' to emphasise the sentence a little more.
When they were all complete, I got started on my final evaluation which outlined how well my research process went, what obstacles I overcame/faced, how my final pieces look in comparison to my original intentions, how professional I think they look or what could be improved and if I have met the needs of my target audience. Also proof that I have met every criteria for the Final Major project.
(Covers Unit 8 4.1)- The main purpose of this final evaluation was to provide evidence of a number of things including: if I have successfully carried out what I proposed to in my proposal, if my final pieces look as hoped and like my magazine brand with back up from my production/research processes and how I kept on track with my personal management. (Covers Unit 8 1.1)- For extra support with ensuring I had all project elements covered here I went back to my project plan which outlined every element I needed to consider prior to research and production. It also helped me to judge whether or not I had carried out everything and/or met everything as mentioned on that plan.
(Covers Unit 8 3.1/2.1)- Obviously, all elements I evaluated has come relationship with my final pieces because without them I wouldn't have been able to present my final pieces as professionally or at the standard they looked at he end of this week. For instance, I was constantly referring to how my research processes were decided upon previous experiences and projects that allowed me to explore all the methods and sources that would be most beneficial to this one. I also analysed how my primary an secondary research methods all impacted my final pieces and how I organised my research with the use of my sketchbook portfolio and production schedule.
(Covers Unit 8 3.1)- Speaking of production schedule, I had a lot to write about when it came to my personal management because of how it allowed me to build up on so many new skills and lessons it taught me. For instance, both my progress tracker book and my feedback sheet were designed for feedback which was an element I struggled with at first in relation to asking for it face-to-face.However, I reflected in my evaluation from recent weeks ago that my final pieces wouldn't have looked the same as the do now, and would have definitely stunted the purpose of the emulation since the writing style I used at first wouldn't have been the same as 'Outdoor Photography'.
(Covers Unit 8 3.1/1.1)- I also had a fair amount to write in terms of the final pieces themselves because I was consistently referring to the skills I carried on from previous projects and new ones which I picked up along the way this time. One of which was in collaboration with an issue the I faced of having to do a little more research into the measurements and distance details but it meant having to readjust my layout so that it matched according to the magazine. It did take up the majority of my week, my spare time and interrupted my production schedule but ate final result was definitely worth it with the addition of a new InDesign skill to take with me next year and possibly as a journalist in the future.
Although my final evaluation was completed without any hassle this week, there was one problem that came up for every person in my class. This was Harvard referencing. we have to all Harvard reference our work correctly in order to pass the Final Major Project and were all originally doing it in the numbered format. this was until we were all told that the required method of it was the conventional Harvard referencing method and not the numbering method. This was unsurprisingly distressing for many of us and definitely myself because this meant that every one of us had to go back over all our references and re-cite them correctly. This was majorly worrying for me because this method was like starting from scratch and I was extremely all throughout this project anyway that they were correct or not no mater how many times I checked the format. (Covers unit 8 4.1)- However, as distressing as it was for me, I did try to think of it as a positive in the way that it allowed me to thoroughly check that each format is correct based on it's sources and to check that they are ALL there anyway. Basically just to double-check again that they are what the markers/graders are asking for.
For my Final Major Project, I decided to create two double-page spreads and an opening page (Editor's letter) relating to my chosen topic of why photography exists in many people's lives today linking to the technology that enables beginners to produce stunning quality photos. I decided to base it on the photography magazine 'Outdoor Photography' since I've used this magazine brand for my first final project and so I was able to remember the success I had with the emulation of the layout, content and features such as the separation lines and page folios.
(Covers unit 8 2.1)- After considering all the available research opportunities available for my topic and medium, I decided to bring in my sketchbook once again as the backbone for all my research findings whether they were primary or secondary findings. (Covers unit 8 4.1)- This made me remember having it within my first final project and how it allowed me to engage more thoroughly with the findings. This was no exception either because even though I had a lot more to take in such as all measurements, distances and in-depth analysis of the language style used, spending more time on applying it to my portfolio also contributed to make me feel like I've put more effort into my research to make it look more presentable rather than using a computer to simply paste my findings on to a document- with the chances of missing out on vital information being higher.
(Covers unit 8 2.1)- My portfolio was just the backbone for holding my research though. I feel that my primary and secondary research findings made the whole process even more rewarding since I managed to gather findings that really enhanced not only the quality of my articles but also my own personal knowledge. My primary research involved mainly the use of carrying out email interviews with professional photographers so that I could gather their views of their love for photography as well as their opinions on modern photographic technology. One very rewarding aspect here was that I managed to make contact with one photographer who had his work published in recent issues of 'OP' so this made my double-page spreads feel somewhat more value to me and possibly more trustworthy to the target audience. (Covers Unit 8 3.1)- The fact that I had started conducting the questions before the project rem begun and sent one of them off at this time made it a lot easier for me to prepare for any delays in replies and come up with any alternatives if need be (which wasn't required after all which made the whole process even more promising).
(Covers unit 8 2.2)- When it came to my secondary research, this allowed me to engage more with the findings since it involved the use of the magazine itself to gain information all the elements that formed 'OP's unique style and layout. After completing this section of research, it made me confirm that this was definitely the most beneficial part of the whole process; not just because of how it flashbacked back to the first final project but it made me ask myself- what better research for my project is there than the sources of my magazine itself? (Covers Unit 8 1.1)- This question also reminded me of how my Final Major Project intended to meet the requirements of my target audience so using the source as physical research was also understanding how the target audience became attracted to the magazine so that I could implement that into mine. However, more of my secondary research included looking into types of modern camera, lenses, smartphone platforms and editing software available today. The majority of these were online sources so they saved a lot of time overall looking for them.
All my choices for research methods carried out were a result of past projects and experiences of success with them such as my research unit which introduced all the various research methods and sources. (Covers unit 8 2.1/3.1)- Having this knowledge benefited massively when it came to determining my methods- especially with my email interviews because it reminded me of how to conduct my questions so that they were open and neutral to gain the most information. As a result, I did manage to very successfully gather some very detailed answers which I was effectively able to use within my double-page spreads.
(Covers unit 8 2.2/4.1)- Although the research process allowed me to thoroughly complete my double-page spreads and opening letter, there were obstacles that got in the way but they were only minor and somewhat expected. One of them was that I did find it a lot harder researching the technological side of my content rather than the existing content of the magazine because once I had that I had to put it into an article that emulated the style of 'OP'. From this reflection though, it looks like I found this element the most challenging to face during the production rather than the research process. (Covers Unit 8 1.1)- Although I used all the research methods and presentation techniques I was familiar with from past experience, it did allow me to make room for applying some news elements to is such as producing a content page for easier access to what section my research plays in my project and a very strict Harvard reference list showing which sources I got all my findings from.
All the pieces below are my submission pieces for my Final major Project including the two double-page spreads and the editor's letter.
(Covers Unit 8 1.1)- For my double-page spreads, I can't say that I originally had 'intentions' for the aesthetic side of it because I didn't choose an existing page from 'OP' to emulate, although I was expecting the layout to look identical to what would be seen in in the magazine- which is what the target audience expect as well.
(Covers Unit 8 2.1)- However, there were some more complex and substantial problems I was faced with during the actual production period- some of which link to my research. A perfect example included I was reminded to consider all the measurements that my magazine held in certain areas. As much of a helping hand this was, it did cause some major disruption for the progress I had currently made with my double-page spread because it meant that it wasn't possible to readjust the measurements without disturbing the entire layout of my double-page spreads. Even though this did cause severe disruption to my production schedule and ate into my spare time to sort out, it was definitely worth it in the end because both my double-page spreads looked much cleaner, orderly and spaced out which is what my target audience is used to in the actual 'OP' magazine. (Covers Unit 8 1.1)- This whole experience is also a good one to keep in mind regarding future progression and as a journalist in the industry: this is a vital skill I can and obviously will carry on into next year's projects and it has taught me the importance of using my own judgement when it came to problem-solving, even if it means carrying out the little extra research- which I had to do in this case scenario.
(Covers Unit 8 4.1/1.1)- This measurement-adjustment process introduced some self-refection towards my previous projects, especially my first final project. I compared the double-page spread I create then to my current ones to see the difference and I was honestly very surprised at the unexpected difference I had for mixed reasons. I was over the moon to see the proof in my current double-page spreads of how far I have progressed over the year regarding the skills I have been able to use to more of an industry standard over time and how many new skills I have learned in the Final Major project compared to my first term as a journalism student. However, I did feel a sense of regret that I didn't really consider the use of the tiny measurements for my first project because that spread looked a lot more crowded and not spaced out enough. But then I realised that for a student who has had little experience of the software on a course which they have never studied before, I wouldn't have remembered to consider those little elements!
(Covers unit 8 3.1/1.1)- As for my editor's letter, my expectation on this were totally different to the double-page spreads because the editor's letter is the same in every issue in terms of the layout, measurements and what and where everything is positioned so this was very easy for me to replicate.
Regarding the production of my editor's letter, I'd happily say that the process of development was much smoother and less tense to complete because: I was emulating a set layout that appears in every issue of 'OP' and I had the experience with researching more into the measurements and distances of elements apart from each other. This meant that I could measure out everything on the page coming from the issue itself and use this as a guide when it came to actually creating it on InDesign.
(Covers Unit 8 3.1)- Not only this learning curve but also the recent discovery of the measurement and X/Y axis tools allowed me to replicate these millimetre measurements without error. Due to both of these factors combined, the result is a final editor's letter that looks pretty identical to the existing one in terms of the paragraph and column measurements, almost-perfect accuracy with the font text and how I even applied a little 'throw-back' with the use of the double-page spread I created for my first final project! (Covers unit 8 3.1/2.2)- However, I did face a few difficulties that could have impacted the overall final piece. One of them was that InDesign didn't have the exact correct font for the 'at a glance' section. All I could do here was find the closest look-alike to the font used by 'OP'. another problem was the grey arrows in this section because InDesign didn't have the tools to create this. The fact that I could create it in Word and them copy it across proved that- along with the text font- that problem solving comes to me more naturally than previously (with thanks to project 2 which was all about problem solving!) it's also perfect practice for the industry within journalism because if I couldn't face up to problems and solve them then, no news would be of a good enough quality to publish or get published at all.
Looking at how all of my final pieces have turned out and how they have progressed through the production process, I have clearly proved that I have effectively carried out all that I proposed during my proposal regarding the use of Adobe InDesign. In fact, I have successfully gone above and beyond this with how many new skills I have picked up along the way with the measurement tools and the X/Y axis tools too. All of these factors have also posed perfect opportunities for self-reflection on my progress as a journalism student but also in relation to the industry.
My target audience for this project clearly depended on my magazine brand I set myself to emulate and my topic(s). My general target audience for the magazine was aimed at those of all genders and backgrounds with a strong interest or passion for photography but my topic narrowed it down to amateur or beginner photographers who are wishing to or starting to take up photography- this was concluded during my project pitch when my tutors questioned me on whether my target audience would be more appropriately based in categories of interest rather than age and gender due to the content of the magazine. (Covers Unit 8 2.2)- In relation to my double-page spreads in particular, I feel very strongly that I have clearly met the requirements of the target audience due to the fact that I have successfully developed two double-page spreads that show a strong relationship with the layout of the magazine and an editor's letter that replicated almost by the millimetre the actual page from 'OP'.
(Covers Unit 8 1.1/2.2)- Any of my final pieces for the Final Major Project will ask the question of whether they have met the requirements of my target audience. And although I haven't replicate my double-page spreads from any existing ones, I can say that I have indeed met the target audience's requirement through the aesthetically identical appearance to the existing layout of the magazine- which is the same in every issue and hence that, is what the target audience expect from every issue of 'Outdoor Photography'. As for the editor's letter I produced, this was definitely no exception; the first thing the reader finds when they open the cover page of 'OP' is the editor's latter in the same format, style, layout and text font in every issue. As a result, this is what they expect from every issue and I can assure the reader that from how mine looks regarding professionalism and identical layout and format, the target audience would most probably become as intrigued as ever to read mine if it was to appear in the actual magazine itself.
This was in collaboration with how 'Outdoor Photography' features all different experiences from various photographers in every issue.
(Covers Unit 8 3.1)- For my double-page spreads, I and set myself to do a first draft and a final draft for each within a wo-week period: one week for the first draft and the next week for the final one. This only applied to the double-page spreads because I knew they would look totally different from each other in terms if layout and both feature very different content, even though the target audience would clearly whether or not they both looked like they came from 'OP'. The other point of one week per draft was so that I could recall my memory with Adobe InDesign and get back to grip with the tools available once again.
(Covers unit 8 3.1/1.1)- Overall, I personally believe that my strongest skills here was how I managed my time and how I planned my production schedule according to the deadline and how each stage should take to complete. I also kept in mind that we had a couple of bank holiday Mondays and a one week half term which counted as one project week so I managed to organise my work around that. I also left those weeks completely blank of any production work in case I had anything I might have fallen behind on or need to finish. (Covers unit 8 1.1)- However, even though this element of the Final Major Project covered criteria, I also needed to prove that I understood what each criteria meant and how to achieve it. This was when I developed my own blog post checklist that consisted of a production log and weekly progress summary that covered certain criteria depending on the work completed that week. This assured me beyond everything else that I was achieving each criteria to distinction standard and that I was also considering endlessly about what went well that week but also what I could have I improved upon too.
(Covers Unit 8 4.1)- Though saying this, there was one major weakness that I didn't really realise I had until it was mentioned by my tutor: asking for feedback on my production work. This was quite hard for me to become friends with at first because my confidence levels in myself were still lower than they should have been. However, I notice over the weeks that I was handing over more article drafts each time for feedback and corrections that needed making. As hard as this was for me to get to grips with at first, it taught me that the positives that came out of it were miles greater than the feelings of mild disheartening, (Covers Unit 8 1.1)- and the feedback even taught me a few things about my magazine brand that I didn't really pick up on before. For instance: my tutor commented that my language compared to the 'OP's' language style meant that mine was very conversational and talked how I would talk for real. It was also noticed that I referred directly towards my photos whereas the magazine articles talk about the journey taking them rather than directly towards the photo. All this required was altering my articles according to all written feedback given and my language style research. Not only did this teach me one of the most vital lessons of the project but in the context that these errors would have lowered my final grade for definite and a skill I can build more and more confidence in overtime in preparation for next year and as a future journalist.
(Covers Unit 8 4.1/3.1)- Other major helpful and successful elements of the project included my learner progress tracker and feedback sheet(s) which held all my feedback given and how I was going to implement that into my production work- all of which helped me to keep on track with my progress and get myself into the habit of setting interim deadlines, playing a part of my production schedule too. Even though many of my target were 'to complete…' or 'to research more on…' I found it really handy when it came to looking over the week's production with my tutor so that he could voice his thoughts on my work whether they were good or suggestions for improvement. This definitely involved the week where the target for regular feedback-asking was implemented so whatever the targets were, this proves that they all made my pieces as professional and 'OP' emulated as they look now.
As mentioned and referred to all throughout the Final Major Project, I have used a wide variety of skills and software tools in order to complete my double-page spreads, opening page (editor's letter) not to mention the support they have also given me in achieving a millimetre accuracy for the magazine brand of 'Outdoor Photography'. However, it has been brought up upon by one of my tutors that as part of the practical skills criteria for this project, a step-by-step guide would be useful in completing this criteria- which is also a unit itself. I know that i have made extremely thorough reference to my practical skills used during the production but I know for sure that I haven't gone over how each tool is used or the process of applying each. This was mainly because I have had the knowledge and aid of previous step-by-step blog posts from the beginning of the course. But thinking about it now, I have learned a number of new tools and skills that I haven't used in any of my previous projects so a step-by-step guide in this situation would probably benefit myself for the future as well as those who probably haven't used Adobe InDesign before.
First of all, when I opened Adobe InDesign it came up with the page measurement options as well as opening the project as a document, book or library. This was absolutely essential since I needed to replicate the exact measurements for my magazine so the content could sit in according to it too. I was able to adjust the height and width of the page in millimetres according to what my magazine publication measures as.
When this accurately-measured page opened up, it only came up with the one page. When it came to the editor's letter I used only this page but for both my double-page spreads, I needed to add an extra one next to it. I went to the 'pages' option on the right hand tool bar and dragged another page to the existing one I wanted so that they sat next to each other.
Creating the text box was easily done using the tool bar on the left hand side of the page. I clicked on the tool symbolised by the letter 'T' and from there, I drew the text box to the size I desired.
All of my final double-page spreads and editor's letter consisted of paragraphs in neat columns of identical heights and widths. To create the columns, I Clicked on the paragraph options tool below the font tools on the top left hand corner and from there, I Selected the number of columns I wanted from the columns tool along the top tool bar.
This was also where I could adjust the distance between each column- which was essential for me since I needed to adjust this according to my magazine brand. This tool was available literally right below the paragraph number tool so I was able to enter the distance between the columns I needed in millimeters.
In order to apply the images I required, I went to 'file, place' and selected the images I desired from my own files. Once this was done, I used either the height and width measurement tools or my mouse to adjust the size of it but this resulted in the image being out of proportion with its new size. This was when I right-clicked on it, chose 'fitting' and 'fit frame proportionally' so the whole image would fit in its new size comfortably.
Because my magazine brand has lots of little measurements that I needed to apply to my projects by the millimeter, the X and Y axis tool was immensely useful because it helped me achieve just this. However, this tool only came up whenever I clicked on any element on my page(s). Once I had correctly aligned any chosen element that needed re-positioning, I clicked on the X axis tool to move it horizontally and the Y axis to move it vertically in the number of millimeters I required.
Just next to the Y and X axis tool applications were the height and width application tools. I was able to use this on nearly every element of my double-page spread and editor's letter, from paragraph columns, distance measurements, image sizing and the size of the text boxes. It was as easy as clicking on the feature I wanted re-sizing and apply the height and width I required in millimeters.
It was also required of me to produce the vertical and horizontal lines in between the article columns. To do this, I scrolled down the left hand tool bar and selected the line tool from which I drew the line I desired on the page. I could then re-position and re-size it with the measurement tools if required.
During the main articles in my double-page spreads, drop-caps appeared at the very beginning. Since this featured in my magazine brand, I emulated this by highlighting the letter(s) I wanted enlarging and then headed over to the very top right hand corner where I clicked on the little arrow which lead to to a tool bar. From there, I clicked on 'Drop caps and nested styles…' which then allowed me to enter the number of lines I wanted my letter to take up in it's column- according to my magazine!
(Covers Unit 8 3.1)- This week, since I had begun and finished my opening page (editor's letter), I do feel a strong sense of satisfaction with the progress made. This doesn't apply just to the completion of my editor's letter though; it's also because of the quality of the emulation I carried out throughout the production too. Because I deliberately paid the most attention to the measurements and distances of elements, I had very little to improve upon at the end of the production of it and the overall page looked much more like the emulation I expected but hoped for. (Covers Unit 8 1.1)- I knew that this method of production wouldn't have been too much of an interruption with the rest of the tools used in the software because after weeks of using InDesign for my double-page spread I knew all the tools of by heart including what thy do and how to access them. All I needed to do was access them and apply the correct measurement to them on my page so if anything, production time was the same as it normally is.
(Covers Unit 8 2.2)- However, the reason I may have completed it in this week along may have been because it was only one page and that page holds the same layout, style and measurements in every issue of 'Outdoor Photography'. Even though I researched more than one, I only really needed to look at one and use that as my guide for this emulation. The evidence for this has come from my research of the several issues analysed.
(Covers Unit 8 1.1/2.1/2.2)- One major piece of feedback I got, amongst the rest of my class, was my grades for criteria Unit 8 1.1/2.1/2.2. The grade for these first three criteria were all of a Distinction standard and explained to me how I have consistently and precisely broken down each criteria requirement in order to understand in detail how to achieve each one, how in-depth my research has been with my sketchbook and how detailed my evaluations and production logs are in sync with the project criteria. (Covers Unit 8 3.1)- Although this was extremely promising feedback for more than half my project, my tutor made me realise that all of the work I have produced so far for this project all hold a good and strong ground for me to progress next year and use to my higher advantage in order to 'carry out some more substantive journalism in the future'.
(Covers Unit 8 4.1)- In terms of our progress tracker booklets and our progress within that, we were back to normal this week regarding discussing this one-to-one with our tutor. On my section, I commented on how starting my editor's letter article over the week off had really helped me to get stuck in with producing the layout for this piece as well as purchasing he extra issue to allow me to start it. I also mentioned how my confidence with asking for feedback is growing slowly but surely as well as the frequency in questions regarding Harvard referencing I was/am asking. However, I did comment on the stress levels at one point being higher than usual this week but despite that, I was able to not let it get in the way of producing a good emulation of the editor's page mainly because of the care put in with all the tiny measurements with millimetre-accuracy!
In response to my views, the feedback my tutor gave me was mainly related to what he spoke to me about yesterday with criteria Unit 8 1.1/2.1/2.2 in the way that I have developed the skills required for carrying out the real yet required journalism. He also mentioned that my project and the final pieces as part of it pose a strong point as to progress from and that I should be taking confidence from my drafting processes and the way that they are making the end pieces and articles even more improved by the day.
In terms of my feedback sheet, this weeks' additions mainly consisted of the what was said about my grades for my work currently marked over the half term and about how the skills that have lead me to complete my Final Major Project pieces have put me in a very strong position in which for me to progress upon and to achieve higher ambitions for my work next year.
(Covers Unit 8 4.1)- Regarding the targets for this week which were set before half-term, I wasn't entirely able to achieve the target of completing my first editor's letter draft since I didn't have appropriate access to some of the image files to complete it. However, this will cause distraction to my final production week but only to a minor degree because it was only two images that needed applying and I've already references the required one so that will save even more time. (Covers Unit 8 1.1)- Speaking of next week's targets, these are all incorporated into my production schedule anyway since this week is purely applying finishing touches to all my final pieces, producing my final evaluation and proof-reading literally every blog post and piece of Final Major Project work- not to mention Harvard references and making certain that they are there in the appropriate places and formats. I will do the majority of this proof-reading but I will definitely get my tutor and fellow classmates to also proof-read my work for spelling and sentence structure: a vital skill as a journalist which shows trust in another person's feedback to provide the audience with the best information and news possible!


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Luchthaven Berlin-Schönefeld () was tot 31 oktober 2020 een van de twee operationele luchthavens van Berlijn, naast Tegel. In 2008 sloot de derde luchthaven, Tempelhof. Op 31 oktober 2020 opende Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg (BER) en werden de activiteiten op Berlin-Schönefeld als onafhankelijke luchthaven beëindigd. De voormalige luchthaven werd onderdeel van de nieuwe luchthaven. Op die nieuwe luchthaven vervult het voormalige Schönefeld als Terminal 5 de rol van lowcostterminal.

De luchthaven bevond zich in de gemeente Schönefeld, direct ten zuidoosten van Berlijn, in de deelstaat Brandenburg. De luchthaven van Schönefeld werd geopend in 1934 en werd aan het einde van de Tweede Wereldoorlog in 1945 bezet door Sovjettroepen. In de DDR-tijd was het de luchthaven van Oost-Berlijn, terwijl Tegel en Tempelhof de luchthavens van West-Berlijn waren. Het was de thuisbasis van de Oost-Duitse luchtvaartmaatschappij Interflug. Sinds 1951 beschikte luchthaven Schönefeld over een spoorverbinding. In dat jaar werd tegenover de luchthaven station Berlin-Schönefeld Flughafen geopend.

In 2015 verwerkte de luchthaven 8,5 miljoen passagiers.

Verbouwing tot luchthaven Berlin Brandenburg
Schönefeld was tussen 2006 en 2020 uitgebreid tot de nieuwe hoofdstedelijke luchthaven van Berlijn. Dit omdat de oude situatie met verschillende luchthavens onwenselijk was. Daarom koos de Duitse overheid voor één grote internationale luchthaven, genaamd Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg (BER) (Nederlands: Luchthaven Berlijn Brandenburg).

De bouw startte in 2006. De luchthaven krijgt een capaciteit van 30 miljoen passagiers per jaar, maar door de modulaire bouw is dit later uit te breiden naar 50 miljoen. Het gebouw wordt U-vormig met een hoofdpier met 16 slurven, een zuidelijke pier met acht slurven en een noordelijke pier voor lagekostenluchtvaartmaatschappij zonder deze voorziening. Eén gate wordt geschikt voor de Airbus A380 en acht gates voor andere widebody-toestellen. De hele terminal is gelegen tussen de twee parallelle landingsbanen en boven het treinstation.

De opening van de nieuwe luchthaven was oorspronkelijk gepland voor 30 oktober 2011, maar in 2012 werd de opening voor de derde keer uitgesteld. De geplande opening in maart 2013 werd niet gehaald en een nieuwe streefdatum werd niet meer genoemd. De geschatte kosten van het project werden geraamd op meer dan 4 miljard euro, dat was bijna 2 miljard euro duurder dan oorspronkelijk gepland. Het uitstel was het gevolg van problemen met onder meer de brandbeveiliging en de coördinatie van de werkzaamheden van de diverse onderaannemers. De opening werd uiteindelijk vastgesteld op 31 oktober 2020, veertien jaar na de start van de bouw.

In de aanloop naar de integratie in de Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg kregen de terminalsecties eind maart 2020 nieuwe benamingen. Met de ingebruikname van BER wordt de voormalige luchthaven Schönefeld Terminal 5 van de BER. Om dubbele benoemingen van gates te vermijden, werden reeds in het voorjaar de zones A, B, C en D hernoemd naar K, L, M en Q.

Externe links
 Flughafen Berlin-Brandenburg
 Homepage van Berlin-Schönefeld
 BBI Homepage

Berlijn Schonefeld
Infrastructuur in Berlijn
Schönefeld
Luchtvaart in Berlijn

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Return to BDN Connection Sports Page
Raffi Torres
Today in Sports History- Bonds hits home runs 71 & 72
By The Associated Press Oct. 04, 2022 10:00 AM EDT
Oct. 5 1900 — Britain's Harry Vardon wins the U.S. Open golf title, beating J.H. Taylor with a 313 total at the Chicago Golf Club. 1985 —...
Today in Sports History-Week Ahead, Sept. 30-Oct. 6
By The Associated Press Sep. 29, 2022 10:00 AM EDT
Oct. 4 1895 — Horace Rawlins wins the first U.S. Open. Rawlins beats Willie Dunn with 36-hole total of 173 at the Newport Golf Club in Newport, R.I. ...
Oct. 5 1900 — Britain's Harry Vardon wins the U.S. Open golf title, beating J.H. Taylor with a 313 total at the Chicago Golf Club. ...
By The Associated Press Oct. 01, 2020 12:51 PM EDT
Oct. 4 1895 — Horace Rawlins wins the first U.S. Open. Rawlins beats Willie Dunn with 36-hole total of 173 at the Newport Golf Club in...
The AP Pro32
1 - Green Bay Packers
2 - Tampa Bay Buccaneers
3 1 Kansas City Chiefs
4 1 Tennessee Titans
5 3 Dallas Cowboys
6 3 Los Angeles Rams
7 - Cincinnati Bengals
8 1 Buffalo Bills
9 3 Arizona Cardinals
10 2 San Francisco 49ers


Tomás Ó h-Íde (Ihde) received a Ph.D. in Applied Linguistics from the University of Dublin (Trinity College) in 1998. He lectures in the Irish Language section of the Department of Languages and Literatures at Lehman College of the City University of New York. He has served as Director of the CUNY Institute for Irish-American Studies and President of the North American Association for Celtic Language Teachers. He was primary author of the books The Irish Language in the United States (1994) and Colloquial Irish (2008).


I want to start off and say we filmed this weeks RAWtalk on Thursday afternoon and it wasn't until Friday that we found out that Allen from Allen's Camera had passed away. I will be having a special segment dedicated to Allen on the next episode. To read what I wrote about Allen please click here.
Some of you know I ordered two apple watches for a project idea that I have been working on. The plan was to do my project and return the watches within the first 14 days. It turns out that I am really enjoying the watch so I decided to keep one. That left me the Apple Watch Sport to return or keep. I decided to gift it to Stephen for all his hard work over the last two years.
I decided to strap GoPro Hero 4 to my hockey helmet when I played in a charity tournament this weekend. I must say the footage looks fantastic and I am looking forward to cutting it up for everyone to see. Stephen added a clip for you guys to watch during this weeks show.
As always we have Photo News with Stephen followed by another solid round of Flying Solo where you get to submit your questions to be answered on the show.
For those who don't know, NEW episodes of RAWtalk go live on Mondays.
Ricoh has announced their latest DSLR, the Pentax K-3 II/ Highlights for the new camera include pixel shifting, GPS, and star tracking. It's the first Pentax camera to feature Pixel Shift Resolution, which uses the shake reduction mechanism to capture four photos in quick succession with 1 pixel offsets. The images are then combined into a single high definition image. However the final image is still the same resolution — it's just better quality. It has reduced false color, and "improved overall quality" for non-moving subjects (think of shooting HDR). It has a GPS receiver, GPS log, and electronic compass. These help the camera record where you are, the direction your camera is pointing, altitude, and a time-stamp. The user could then use services like Google Earth to map out where they photographed from. There's also ASTROTRACER, a new feature that uses the camera's GPS and shake-reduction features to track stars and planets when you're photographing the night sky. Other specs include a 24.35MP APS-C CMOS sensor, 4.5 stop shake reduction, an adjustable anti-aliasing filter simulator, 3.2-inch LCD screen, 1080P video, dual SD card slots, a 27-point AF system with 25 cross-type points, ISO range of 100-51200, and 8.3fps continuous shooting. The K-3 II will be available later this month for $1,096.95.
Photographer Justin Black captured a sequence of photos of a jaguar attacking a caiman in the wetlands of Brazil. He was actually leading a photo expedition when he came across the beginning of the hunt for the jaguar. The caiman was a solid 8 feet long and about 150 lbs too, but it was no match for the 290 lb jaguar as shown in the photos. The animal is actually known to local biologists as "Mick Jaguar" too. Watch below as the jaguar treats it like a big chew toy. The photographer notes that "after this experience of a lifetime, we had a new appreciation for each jaguar we were fortunate enough to see." Check out the footage below and Justin's photos over on Petapixel.
Instagram has added three new filters to their collection along with emoji hashtag support. The new filters are called Lark, Reyes and Juno. Instagram calls them "modern, subtle filters that brighten and enhance your photos in refined, beautiful ways." This is their second time releasing new filters in the past few months and they say they will continue to regularly release new filters for the community in the future. Users will now also be able to add, search for, and tap the emojis found in captions. They say over half of the photo captions written by users include emoji, so allowing emojis into the hashtag system makes sense. It also doubles as a universal language. The new update is available in both their Android and iOS app.
Would You Buy This HUGE 2540mm NASA Lens?
"With an angle-of- view of about 2° on a full-frame 35 mm camera, calling this lens a 'tele' is like calling King Kong a monkey.
Built-to-order by Canon from 1993 to 2005, each lens was hand-crafted at the rate of about 2-per-year and a delivery time of about 18 months. Only a dozen-or-so were ever made. Who bought them? National Geographic magazine and Sports Illustrated are known to own a couple, the Feds probably have a few squirreled away somewhere, and a few well-heeled photo enthusiasts.
This particular lens is extremely clean inside and out. Included with this lens is a leather slip-on 'lens cap', the original fitted aluminum trunk case, a custom trunk case with wheels that holds the original trunk case, and a prodigious measure of ego satisfaction. Weighing in at over 36lbs and an overall length of 33 inches, a sturdy tripod and pan/tilt head is highly recommended.
Would you ever consider buying a piece of equipment that's this expensive?!


Using an accelerated schedule, QEI Construction Group worked closely with the owner to compress the schedule and provide for an early completion of construction for this tilt-up concrete facility.
The 239,000 square foot speculative facility features 32′ clear warehousing space with 34 dock spaces and an ESFR sprinkler system. Sitework, including removal of rock formations, was completed ahead of schedule. The facility utilizes T-5 fluorescent lighting for energy savings and is designed to be subdivided for multiple tenants.


…..in a round about way.
So fashion runs in the family in the sense that my very talented sister creates fashion, while I… just buy it.
a) I work for an online retailer. I get a great staff discount rate of 40% off.
This is akin to an alcoholic working in your local Dan Murphy's bottle shop. Or a drug addict working as a pharmacist in a chemist…perhaps? But you get my drift. It's not easy.
And point b) My sister is a fashion designer.
Sometimes, being the nice sibling that I am, I will help my sister out by being a fitting model. I get to wear her beautiful clothes, see them nearly everyday….it can get quite overwhelming.
Not to mention the daily temptations I get from all the on-line media that is put under my nose…the daily instagram shots, facebook fashion pages popping up in my news feed…the list goes on.
I mentioned in one of my previous posts that I can't visit a Dr surgery without obsessively, flipping though magazines to get my daily fashion fix before my appointment is called. It used to be the same when I go grocery shopping. I used to casually stroll the isles as my other half was diligently working his way through the shopping list whilst I diligently worked my way though the fashion magazines. You see my problem! I couldn't even wait 1 hour until our shopping expedition was over…no, I had to rifle through each magazine 'AS' we were shopping because I just couldn't resist. Now…I sprint through the Woolworths isles in order to expedite our shopping mission and avoid the temptations of magazines.
But despite this bleakness…things are improving. I will always have temptations, but it's just a matter of overcoming them…one way or another….
One day at a time…one day at a time!