text:
Advice to a Friend #04 – Perfect Yourself
Channel: Tahir Wyatt
Series: Tahir Wyatt - Advice to a Friend
now have the Rila mother wanna stay in Ohio on istockphoto? When I was learning Misha fusino Sasha Marina de la vida de la la, Mama you Bluefin aha de la, la la la la la y ou la sharika wash Helena Mohammed Abu Rasulullah sallallahu alayhi wa de he was talking to Senator Stephen cathinone, Naomi Dean. And my bad we have made it to page 27 in this book called heartfelt advice to a friend by Mmm, even Okay, email Joe Xia Rahim, Allah Tada. And last week
we covered or we started the four essentials for achieving emammal in the dean, four essentials for achieving imama. And the dean.
Is it okay to ask to be an amen?
I'm not asking.
asking these guys.
Play, play play.
Okay, so, but isn't there? Isn't there evidence that indicates I'm sorry, I must. Okay, God.
Isn't there? Isn't there evidence that indicates that we shouldn't ask for positions of leadership?
time so what's the difference?
Right. So when we're talking about being any man in the deen, right, not being any ma'am of other people necessarily, or being in a leadership position over other people, we're talking about becoming any man in the dean. Now, that's important, because once you become an Imam and a dean, or to become an Imam, and a dean, there's certain characteristics that you have to have and those characteristics are praiseworthy characteristics. We mentioned two of them last week.
And we didn't go into a whole lot of detail, but we did mention two of them. And Simon's gonna do a recap, what were those two that we covered last week
sobor and, and your key right server, and your team. And we're gonna, since we're going to go back over them today in shallow data won't take a lot of time discussing them. But the point is that these two qualities are what they call multi lesson. And each one needs the other. Each one of them needs the other. So there's a level of we can call it inter dependency. So you need sub, okay, and how do we translate sub
Okay, or without forgive translating? What the suffer mean?
Patience and knowing what is correct and staining from what is wrong, okay.
Okay, you went, you went along with the capacity to hold yourself back, right? Self restraint, right? restraint, the capacity to hold to control yourself, right, that is subject. And in order to worship a loss of habitat, then you need as you say, you need that ability to control yourself enough to do it, to worship Allah and to control yourself enough to refrain from disobeying Allah subhanaw taala. And to control yourself at times of calamity, which was the third part, which wasn't mentioned in the definition as you gate, right, which is, when something bad happens that you restrain that you that you show some level of self restraint so that you don't just go crazy, okay?
And tear your grip your clothes and beat your face, and, you know, so that's a lot I have here. So suffer is one part. But in order to have that sub, there has to be some level of what some level of your team, right, some level of knowledge, and the higher most level of that knowledge is, is your key. And you need that because without that firm belief that there is a reward for you worshipping Allah Subhana Allah, there's a reward for you abstaining from
disobedience to him that there's a reward for you enduring patiently those calamities that you do that you're not going to do it.
Because you just don't you don't really believe that, right? So there is no level of certainty in it. And each one needs the other. Right. So which we'll talk about a little bit more in shallows as we go on. So those are the two that we covered last week. today. The author is going to bring
them back a little bit differently with a different approach. And he's going to mention the third and fourth qualities that are necessary in order to be and he Ma'am, in the dean, and he is basing this entire discussion around the idea, and sort of a sajida, which, which we'll cover. And so today, we're going to continue with what the four essentials for achieving impairment in the dean, part two. The next week, we'll talk about six keys for happiness within a title. So you see how we got here, though, right? I just saw that we that we follow? How is the book going? He starts off Mmm, we'll call him starts off by making dua for his companion, I that Dean to be Mubarak, wherever
he may be, right that he is somebody who is blessed. And then he talks about what it takes to be blessed. And part of that is guidance. And from those important qualities or from those important categories under guidance, the types of guidance that we need, is to guide others because when guiding others than what allows parents out of reciprocates that reward. So you also are increased in guidance.
And that is how we got to the point of talking about becoming an Imam and the dean because part of being an amendment of Dean is that you guide others and that's what we're going to be covering. today. We live in China. So
we need to do what Dr. Mossad have to get the juices, let's get the juices flowing. Okay, this will ask them those questions, please. Oh, yeah, you gotta get your mic on.
Okay, what are the four essential matters for attaining a man in the religion? Right? So by the end of today's lesson, I want you to be able to answer that comfortably. memorize it. Be very confident in that man. Does every Muslim have to believe that there is a bridge over Hellfire that must be crossed before entering gender? Pay attention, pay attention? Does every Muslim have to believe that? Yeah. Why was faith in laws decree other not explicitly mentioned among the fundamentals of demand?
What qualities are possessed by those who are saved from ruin in this life, and the next again, and this is why this book is so important, because it will claim is extracting from the Koran, those qualities that are necessary for us to be happy in this life. And we talked about happiness from before we talked about that state, that state of being content, what we need to be people who enjoy this life to some extent and this life is not gender. So there is only with you know, a certain level of enjoyment, and in order to be saved in the next life saved from ruin, saved from destruction and to be from the people of gender. Now, what did Eman
rahimullah, say about students?
Explain his statement. Okay. So turn to page 27.
We're going to begin we did read that first paragraph. I'm going to read it again quickly and then I'll let you take over that for my talk. So the
claim Rahim Allah Allah says, aside from the two previously mentioned requirements,
that is suffer and yaqeen which he's translating here is patience and certainty. The idea what which eye is he talking about?
The Iris mentioned below and sort of to such them. Well, john, I mean home imitating you're doing a BM Nina lemon Savile? What can we add Tina? up, no keynote. So he says, The AI brings to attention to other principles, the first of which is calling people to a law and guiding them. And the second one is guiding people to a law according to what he ordained in order through His Messenger sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, not according to their intellect. In other words, that you would you guide people you call people you invite people to the way of Allah subhanho data.
But how the way that the Prophet it is selected was Salim did so not according to your intellect, to your opinion, or people's policies and preferences and blind, blind following of their forefathers without having evidence from Allah.
And so it's not just that you call to Allah, but that you do so the way that he instructed his messenger Allah is allowed to sit in the same way we talked about before when we were studying the tableau media. It's not just about you worshiping Allah. It's about you worshiping him how
The way that he told you to worship Him, not the way that you want to do it.
And that is like that, across the board, you don't just go you get hired for a job and you do it the way you want to do it. It doesn't work like that if you have an employer
and he or she tells you how to do a job and that's the way you do the job if you want to get rewarded.
Right, and that and that's with anything, so it's not it's not just about a person claiming to worship Allah but worshiping Allah pants out of the way that what we did, he said, Not according to how you think it should be done. And so the same thing is with dow it's not just about how you think it should be done, but the way that a lot of structured His messenger RNA Salatu was in it. This is because the last fantana has a giant amino limiting I don't wanna be empty now. llama suburu What can we attina up noon? And we may from among them leaders? Uh huh. That's what what is what is leaders? ima right, the plural of Eman we made from amongst them he memes guiding
one by our command to win when they were lemma suburu when they exercised Subbu will can will be attina. You know, and they were certain they had your teen and our signs. You see the four there? Right? So if you if you look at the if you look at the Iet they are all their sub, and your team. And our and compliance server, as we talked about before has three types and it's going to come again now europeen is unwavering faith and those tenets of Islam Tao that is calling to a loss of hands and again we're going to talk about these in more detail and compliance that is following the prophetic methodology in that call to Allah subhanahu wa tada type to recap, fellowship.
It's the right there at the bottom of page 27. It says to recap.
The AI includes four principles, one patience,
which means to withhold oneself from that which a law has made unlawful to dedicate oneself in fulfilling that which a law has made obligatory and organic. And to avert oneself from complaining or being angry at laws decrees, right. So if we, if we look at the types of sub
Go ahead, read them from the board. Rule number one, be steadfast in obedience. Right so so the first type is confining the soul to the commandments of Allah. And again, if we keep if we look back, it was sobor. And that, how did you say
that the capacity to hold oneself back, right so you're confining yourself holding yourself back confining yourself to the obedience of Allah subhanho wa Taala and this is the highest level of of sub This is the best type of sub. Now number two, number two, patiently, patiently avoiding this obedience, right so restraining the soul from the prohibitions of Allah subhana wa Tada. Again, we have that element of restraint and confinement, right. Number three, patiently enduring, right so you prevent yourself from complaining
to others about Allah subhana wa attalus decree, but you can complain to Allah and that's perfectly fine. As the Prophet yaku said, in the mat, Ash poo bethey, we're Hosni Illa. Allah, I only complain about my sadness and my struggles to Allah parents.
So we can we can talk to Allah, we can talk to Allah Subhana Allah and complain about the difficulties that we face and ask him to alleviate it. But complainant to his creation rules no is of no benefit. Now. That being said, it is definitely permissible for you to talk to other people about some of your difficulties, but not in a in a manner of complaining in a manner of looking for looking for solutions, right? The same way that you would go to a doctor, you know, if you go to the doctor, and the doctor says, Well, how you feeling? He said hamdulillah
doctor says, you know, complaints? No, no, I believe in the law. I'm not going to complain. Well, how's the doctor supposed to know that? You know, something's hurting. Right? So you're not doing that to complain. You're doing that to, to try to help find a solution. And if you're out of working, you know somebody that can employ your
point you in the right direction, then these are things that you know, it's fine to talk about, but not in a manner that you are complaining you know best what your intentions are no
play at the end Michelle I
like father, number two, certainty
which means to have a profound established a man that is free of questions, hesitation and doubts in five tenets that Allah stated in the ayah in this ayah Allah Subhana Allah and sorta tillbaka you'll notice that this the source I shall bear until two Aloo kibble and mesh that we will be working on BARROWMAN M and I rely on yummy FM, well, Mullah, etc. Well, kita, we want to begin to the end of the eye, but those are the five
tenets of mn are mentioned a lot. fantana also talks about the tenants of faith at the very beginning of soda tillbaka and then at the very end, so it's in the beginning, the middle and the end, sort of tillbaka that emphasis on belief. And these five righteousness is not
to be lazy. This is not to turn your faces toward the east or the west. But true righteousness is in one believes that a lot. The last day, the angels, the book and the prophets. Now, here was one key tab. I don't know if I think it's probably better to translate it as the books even though it's singular in Arabic. There's many times when the singular is used in Arabic to mean the plural and no doubt here is not just talking about belief in one book is talking about belief in the books are lost data has sent down
then, so So here, European unobtanium says is to have unshakable Amen, right. It's a lie man, Al Jazeera.
Now we will imagine jasm aesthetics, right. So this unshakable established. Amen. That is free of questions. Now here. what's meant by being free of questions? I would I would say that this may not be the most accurate translation because he the claim actually says that led led by Buffy
and what is
that he can keep tabs loud while you Buffy?
by ear is a little broader than then. Okay, so let's just look at these two terms in Arabic because they come up a lot one is volume and the other one is scheck pipe. What is scheck? Chuck is down. So what's the right
hand Mohammed?
La, la, la, la, la, la,
la, la, you Buffy No.
free is a phrase better be applied to it is that which cannot be proven otherwise? Okay.
So wave is actually uneasiness. Right. So that something that makes you uneasy. makes you mad. You don't feel right on it. Something doesn't feel right about it. So yeah, we normally say it's caused me to doubt right. But it's a little different. Right? It's a little different than than doubt. shuk. shuk is down.
Yeah. Okay. You can say like a deep uncertainty. So something is that it makes you feel uncomfortable that he can keytab loudly, Buffy. Allah Subhana. Allah said about his book, right? It's nothing in this book that makes you uncomfortable.
I don't owe the southern man. Yeah, well, that's a little different, too, because that it could be for other reasons. So So here he's saying that the Eman Al Jazeera, when we talk about what is your pain, it is that level of faith.
Whereby after you have it, you will feel uncertain about any of the tenants of faith. Now, it doesn't mean you won't have questions and that's what and that's what I'm saying here. I'm not sure if this is if this is the proper way to convey this message. Right. You might have questions about belief in Allah belief in the angels Believe it or not the type of questions that make you doubt about
Their existence or what you're supposed to believe, but because you want to learn more, so I'm just saying I don't want you to think that though, that the questioning here means that you can't ask questions, right? But it should be without Torah dude and without scheck, which he says here is hesitation and doubt so that's fine. And those five tenets and then the last handout it says after the command to believe in them he says why me yuck for belay? Well my lad he could see he will coach will be he will also be he will Yeoman acid for Karbala learning by the
whoever disbelieves and rejects a lost hands out of his angels, his books, his messengers, in the last day has surely gone far a strike.
Now, faba
is also stated in the iron.
Ziva LA, he will, he will move me Who am an avid woman, he could see he was put up he was
the messenger has believed in that which was revealed to him from his Lord. And so have two believers. All of them have believed in the law and his angels and his books and his messengers. Were in believing in the kind of days part of believing in the divine books and messengers Okay, so stop there. So he says, believing in the final day is part of belief in the divine books and messages How?
Yeah, because all all of the revelation I lost friends Allah has sent and all of his teacher all of the messengers have taught to believe in the last day but this is actually if you take it out to his conclusion it talks about belief in the last time was the conclusion of the I says cool on em and overlay overlay you get to coup de oro su D
keep going when ofori Covina I had him originally we don't distinguish between any one of his messengers meaning that what that they were all messengers we don't we don't affirm messenger ship for some and deny it for the others. Like Like, like who
like like all of the people who have the book before the Muslims right because the the Jewish people they denied the the messenger ship of Saudi Salatu was today and the follow and the Christians denied the messenger ship of Mohammed bin Abdullah salado Salah fight kulu nam la
Lando Federico Vina I had him and also he will call the word semana while Karna they say we hear and we obey, we hear what
we hear the message that it has come from the messenger RNA Salatu sent and we obey that who Frana which is what
your your forgiveness, Oh Allah, your forgiveness of Allah. But why?
Why why why in this place asking for forgiveness?
Because we need it on a day to
day what's its relationship to semana Alpina we'll call Luciana Latina who flajnik because they say all three will call who Sam and apply now for Annika. Veronica Bennett.
Ah, yeah, because you hear and you obey, but there's going to be some deficiency in your obedience.
For what So what? Who Franek so forgive us because we we know there's going to be some shortcomings who phonic or Bennett? What la kalama. See, and that's the belief in the hereafter into you as our return. Right? So you as our return so as a belief in the final day, as mentioned and that particular I, I'm gonna hop on.
And now, the prophet alayhi salaatu wa Salaam said men that his faith is the belief in the law, His angels, his books, his messengers, and the last day yeah and and and the Hadith. of of it Ebon Omar while the Allahu taala animal who narrates the hadith of gibreel and Sahih Muslim is it after the last day it says not until May not be like when jabril as far as I saw him What is he man? Assam sir until I mean I would lie on my legs he will he will he will carry on Heidi he was sorry he used to believe in the other the good and the evil of it even though that's not mentioned in this narration rebuttal came doesn't mention it. So he says what therefore there
is not a believer.
Okay, stop there. So, so question Why isn't a cutter mentioned here?
Or is it mentioned?
Or is it implied?
It is implied how
it's in a revelation. Okay.
But directly, what is Al Qaeda?
okay. All right, let's take when we we've studied cutter a couple times.
And we mentioned that
the belief in the last Pantheon is decree is the belief in
four different components if you will, that make up that belief and elkader
is to believe that way.
I promise you
that nothing happens without the will of Allah Subhana Allah Thank you.
Okay. So, so right there, so that Allah Subhana Allah what he knows,
everything that
has happened, is happening will happen. And and what would have happened had other things happen. Now, so that is a loss of habitat is what complete knowledge of everything type, that's the first. That's the first component and that belief in the tree. And then what, that he wrote it down and keeps having now and
that he
that He willed for it to happen and that he created it. And everything that has happened, the last tranche, Allah has willed for it to happen and has created it and he knew it was going to happen. And he wrote that down. So a limo will keytab into one machine or two will Hulk, okay, those are the four stages, if you will, those four components like
therefore, if we take it back to the very beginning, first thing that we said is what I'll cover goes back to a laws way.
knowledge to laws now. So it is part of the belief in Allah. And he believed in Allah Subhana Allah His decree is part of your belief in Allah subhana wa Tada.
All right. Now, what we're going to talk about is, so here, as you can see,
it says, for your team, we talk about Subbu. And we talk about your team, we are talking about certainty in these five soon, and what are the five or the five fundamentals of faith, belief in Allah? angels, the books, the messages in the last day, as mentioned here, and don't claim is going to mention.
Okay, keep going as for certainty,
as for certainty,
as for certainty, is the state we believe in all these five minutes is so profound, to the point that the heart can realize the five tenets and observe them, just like our eyes can see the reflection of the sun and the moon? Yeah, I'm, again, I'm not sure where the translator got that. Maybe he's, he has a different copy than I have. But no, no, seriously, I'm not trying to be funny. It just, it doesn't say anything about the reflection of the Sun and Moon, it just says the sun and a moon,
which makes a lot of sense. So basically, the heart experiences, these matters of faith, the way that the eye sees the sun and the moon.
Is there any doubt if you see the sun and you shouldn't look at the sun? I'm not encouraging that disclaimer. If you see the sun Do you need like, Is there any doubt?
Now, if you look up at the moon and full moon and you see the moon and even if it's not full, is there any doubt? No, that is the way that the heart should experience right? These tenants have faith, belief in the lost parents out as angels, the books, the messengers, and the last day. This is why this is why some of the predecessors said certainty
is from faith. Right? And actually, again, what it says in Arabic. Is that and Yaki no lie man, Emmanuel kulu. Who so I don't know how it's translated certainty is from faith. Actually, what was said is that eliakim is the entirety
of email. Now what that means is is is subject to some interpretation. So we're talking about that for a second. This is actually the statement of Abdullah Massoud radi Allahu taala. And who and it is mentioned in a Jammie Asahi little little Buhari, y mo la Jana, but he didn't mention it as a Hadeeth. He mentioned it in the in the chapter heading okay.
So this is the statement of a been Miss ruled, he said a suburu Miss email. He says sub is half of Amen. Well Yaki no lie man who kulu he said in your teen is the entirety of, of faith
and even hedger. For him Allah to Allah for Tilbury explaining this, explaining this effort. He says that what if Ms. ood are the alone time and who is saying here is that your team is the basis it is the foundation of every Sherpa of Amen, every because we know that a man has different branches.
And if you come into class on Friday nights, and I don't really want to talk about it now. But if you come to class on Friday nights, and you study the book, The Tree of faith by the man of God, amen. Vanessa acidity, Rahim, Allah shakable, Mohammed is teaching you here on Friday nights, right after the mother, then you're going to go through the definition of a man and the branches of the man and so forth, which is phenomenal. The The point here is that, that certainty, that level of your team
is the foundation of all of the aspects of Amen.
Now, that being said, we know that a man is also or that you're keen, sorry, his levels, so not even all certainty is not the same. So I'll give you an example.
How many of you are certain that there's a place called Mecca
I saw some hands didn't go up. So
everybody certain that there is a place called Mecca. Now, when you actually are let's, let's take a step further, all our all of us certain that there's a Canada and Mexico, Okay, good, tight, so so everybody, sir. There's another level of certainty when you actually get to a messy little harangue, and you see the cabin, right? That's another level. And then when you get up to the cabin, you make to walk around the Kaaba, you touch the black stone, then that's another level. And so there's those three are called Emily Hakim. Right? Why in the UK, he will have an Yaki right. And so there is the, the
certainty of knowledge, there's the certainty of seeing and then there's the certainty of experiencing.
So all of us believe in gender. That's a lie. So generally, within an agenda, we ask Allah Subhana, Allah to put us places into gender.
So we all believe that there's gender, then when a servant in the hereafter sees gender is close to him, that's another level of certainty, and then entering it is a final level of certainty. So there's Emily Hakim, and I in eliakim, and happily again, so the certainty of knowledge, the certainty of seeing and the certainty of actually experiencing, right and I mean, it's sort of like
when kids play with fire, you say, Oh, you don't believe
they do they know it's hot, they've seen it burn something, but they just had to touch it for themselves right. So, those are different levels of of your key, all right, like we were talking about before we move on to the third point which is guiding people and calling them to Allah and His Messenger Allah is allowed to sit in
these these five belief in Allah, the angels, the books, the messenger, the last day in the sixth, which is belief in elkader. All of them have what we call obligatory minimums
right. So, what is the what is the base? What is the common denominator? What is the lowest level of faith that you have to have in each one of these in order to be considered a a believer?
Alright, because
there are certain things and before we get into the concept of Amen.
There are certain things that are obligations in your prayer, right?
But even those objects
Asians are of different levels. So some of them the scholars of Islam call what or can, they are a rookin in your, your pray their pillars of your prayer, essential matters, meaning that if you left them off, you have to do what? You have to bring it back, you have to pray it again or you have to go back to that please, you can't just skip it and make such a to excel.
Right? So if a person for example, a person, for example, forgot one of their such this, they may suddenly and then they stood up and they forgot one did they have to go back and complete that such then start the prayer over from there. Because you can't just leave but if a person for example, forgot the first childhood, right, then they can make that up with such as to sell at the end the per the to such this for forgetfulness. So that's the importance of knowing and that the scholars of the past didn't break down the slot like that they didn't say this is a rookin This is a whadjuk This is a no the way that you know that they considered it to be an essential matter of the prayers.
If they asked about they say no, he either you got to do that again, then you know that that's considered to be a what we would now call a rookin. So similarly, if you look through the books of aqidah,
you come and you start to see no, this is a this is a fundamental aspect of your belief. For example, in the last day, you have to believe that or else this person is not considered to be a believer, this person is considered to be outside of the fold of Islam. All right, so we're going to look at that very quickly. This is
reason why this is shake solid or semi, not suhaimi Shaykh saalih al Husseini from Riyadh, from his keyboard. Oh, there we go loads it is from the on a committee of major scholars in Saudi Arabia. And he's one of the prominent scholars that I've set with the deal with this concept of bare minimums right the obligatory minimums of he meant the other shake saw a shift
heavy the load to it, but I couldn't find anything that
that was succinct. So this is four minutes. We'll let it play and I'll translate it as it goes, inshallah I will I'm not accountable for your seat that will not do that. Okay. Holy sallallahu. And he was a limit and to Amina Villa he omega t Alhaji for a while to her a man oh bill
will call the roll word you will mode zero meaning a man he will
will eema no boo Jo de
la Ben. Marabou then law who is now on personnel see federal rouda holy man oh bill god he Robin Marabou then the whole estimate on personnel or seafair kulula. So, what he said was that the first that the first
tenet of faith is belief in Allah
and this is called an Arabic elkader l wedge Yp l mu z, Qatar l worship and mozzie which means that it is the obligatory minimum level of faith that you have to have obligatory minimum. Okay, which you can see here. Well, okay, which was there. Okay, obligatory minimums. So what what is that first obligatory minimum? It's, it's the belief in a law, belief in his existence.
As Lord. He said, what Ben?
What he led him. That is the he is both the Lord. And when we say rub, for those of you taking Shanghainese class, what does that cover?
The caretaker
Okay, Master, what is it? What is it covered up?
What major areas? creation Hmm.
And provision? Right, which I think that's probably what you meant when you said the caretaker right. So both creation, provisions and management. And that is that Allah Subhana Allah is the Creator of everything in existence, its provider, and the manager of the affairs, the heavens and earth. All right. So belief in Allah Subhana Allah as the creator as the one who deserves to be worshipped, and the one who has the most beautiful names and lofty attributes, alright, so that's as it relates to your belief in Allah Subhana Allah that is the bare minimum
with any hair and a man will be lamella aka,
we'll call the roll wajib and Mooji Amina a man a dilemma.
Who will he man will be en Nahum halcomb inhalten la Hey. So that's the first thing that the obligatory minimum is that you have to believe that the angels are a creation from the creation of Allah subhana wa Taala that he created them not that there is some type of mythical beings, right you have to believe that they exist This is bare minimum.
Well, no, when I mean who may zero bill ye LLM ba ba amarilla. holy man. Oh, Vienna, Holloman halka law, he will mean whom may zero below halal MBA, be Emory law. And then from amongst them, they are those who bring down the revelation to the prophets from Allah to you. So we that's the bit when we think about angels, what are their responsibilities, we know that there are angels that move the clouds that their angels they do
so many other things that they're angels, they write down your deeds to the end of it. But that part is not wag to believe in. Unless you know, all right. So what are these bare minimums talking about? bare minimums mean what these are things that every Muslim has to know? Learn it, unlearn it, whatever you have to know that then as the information comes to you,
as the information comes to you, you learn more and you learn more from the Quran from the Sunnah of the prophet is not to say that you have to believe in those things that come from Milan is messenger.
But these are the bare minimums, meaning that somebody who doesn't know these other things because they didn't study or whatever the situation may be, they can be excused for that. But this part right here, there's no excuse. Why is this also important? Because those who are dealing with new Muslims, or Muslims who are coming back to the deen and they just, you know, went somewhere else. This has to be your focus. They have to know what they have to believe. And what they do is going to be based off of what they believe.
What's added to her as a man who will kowtow?
We'll call the roll word you will move Zhu Mina Imani will Koto, who will
be an Allah and Allah Allah Masha Ameen MBA khudobin hiya kalama holy man, be an a la ha and Zara Masha Misha Ameen MBA e khudobin. Here.
So the third point is belief in or having faith in Allah Subhana Allah His books, and the bare minimum, the obligatory minimum is to believe that Allah subhana wa tada has sent down books to whom he chose from his prophets, and that those books are his speech, and that those books are his speech Mo.
The Kumu Bain and Nancy, Tina Stella houfy. Yeah, como, Bain and Nancy, female, Stella foofy. And that the purpose of these books is to rule between the people and those things which they have different. In other words, the revelation from a loss of Hannah, what's added, the purpose of it is guidance. And if we look, there was a time when the Muslims
when the Muslims, I'm not talking about here in America, I'm saying there was a time historically, when the Muslims controlled a large portion of the world. And when people look up to the Muslims, not the other way, or the other way around, where even the Muslims and many of our Muslim countries look up to the west, and specifically, the United States of America, that they want to emulate what's happening here, and Subhanallah when the Muslims
were in control,
and when the Muslims control the narrative, it was when they had a strong connection to Revelation.
And it makes a lot of sense, because this revelation was sent down for guidance. And if we follow that guidance, we will be able to create that narrative and if we don't, we're gonna be following everything else. In his people's philosophies along with that, even if they say it's backed up by this or science and empirical evidence and all that stuff, if it goes against the revelation of
Philosophy metallic it is it is not going to lead you to anything that is positive
and so on. And that all of those books have been abrogated by the Quran Jimmy and managed Suharto mill or on
or have you had an event okay. So, the fourth is cultural belief and the messengers are given a mode zero meaning a man
or a man will be an Allaha although Stella,
Ella and Nancy also I mean,
holy man ob and Allah Allah, Allah in a Nancy also that mean home, Dr. Morrow home be back in there. Yeah mo home.
So that that he sent these messengers to people from the people write that these were not because the angels are also messengers, but he sent to people, people other people, right to command them with the worship of Allah subhana wa, den at home. The last of them Allahu alayhi
salatu was sahami so have faith in a man or woman belief in the last word. And the obligatory minimum
of this belief in the last day he back up yo minalima ye Oh PM, it is to believe in the back. So this this part is important is to believe that there is a resurrection. You have to believe that and then you'll see what he says on a great day. It's called your metal piano.
On a man, it is baggy, he Elmi Alimi, for your movie. limo Jackie, the Philippine limo jackal, followed by a
femen axe, Anna Bella.
Tao Hua Jin. And the purpose is to do what we just said, and Hulk is that everybody is rewarded. And that term reward as we've talked about before, doesn't just mean something good.
Even in English, the term reward doesn't just mean something good. If somebody does something bad, they'll be rewarded with bad. So the point is to to hold people or to hold the creation to account. So whoever does good his reward is Jenna. Jenna, Jenna young La Jolla community, he sent me a lot fans out and make us and you from amongst its people, and even people of gender. I mean, I'm an accidental questionnaire or Donahue agenda, woman as the fella whom I mean, woman, and whoever does evil them, for him will be that which he has done, he will be rewarded accordingly.
By that, oh, man, I mean,
and his, his reward will be the firemen, lots of hands on to protect you and us from it.
And then this is the last now. And the man who made the call that he hired, he was headed he has to believe in a laws decree the good of it and the evil of it.
do you mean Amen? Amen.
Amen will be an a la carte de la escuela Shane as Allah and so the bare minimum is to believe that Allah subhana wa tada has decreed everything in existence from the beginning of time as Alan and eternally
or Lehman, we are no longer de la Kula Shane, as
he said back then,
well, n Mo, di akun che vi mushy Edie
and that nothing will come into existence without his will and without him creating no name for no shade on a levy machine. He will Hello, okay.
who he is.
Okay, so that's, that's where it stopped.
And so the bare minimum of belief from Qatar is one that Allah Subhana Allah decreed everything that has happened, okay. And that will happen to that nothing happens without his will. And his, his creating it. Okay.
So the point is to,
we have to have your pain in those things, we have to have certainty in those bare minimums. Then, as more information comes, your E man grows because you're a man grows through two things, beneficial knowledge and righteous actions. So the more you get of that beneficial knowledge, the more you get
Demand grows. And the and that is one thing about rd when it comes to these theological points, and those things that relate to our creed, we have details that no other Dean has. And we have we have preserved revelation. Like we don't have to do a lot of guesswork with a lot of other, you know, play, you know, books that have been tampered with. They have to do a lot of putting the pieces together by themselves. Without the revelation from Allah pants, Adam, when it comes to matters of the unseen putting those pieces together doesn't do a lot of help. Doesn't have bring a lot of benefit. Play. Well.
further guiding people guiding people that page 29
at the bottom,
guiding people and cloning into a messenger so this is the third The first was sub second is europeen.
The third is guiding people. And this is all under what are the qualities that you need for Mmm, and the religion
and from the doula of this of the battle ramen is that they say what, what? Lil mattina?
Make us any ma'am. For the tepee? Oh, yeah. What is that? What do you ask him for? When you say that? You're asking for Subbu? You're asking for your team. You're asking that a lot of hands out to make you feel amongst those who guide people and call them to a lot now. And hustling and bustling,
used to comment after resetting the iron woman.
What I mean, I saw he hung up on
me, and who is better in speech? The one who invites to a law and does righteousness and says Indeed, I am up to Muslims. This is the one I love. This is this is the statement about hassanal bacilli here. He says this is the one whom Allah loves, right. This is the one he
he submitted to Him, obey Him, then righteous deeds, and called people to him. Yeah, that's that part where it says did righteous deeds are done righteous deeds that's not in Arabic, so you can actually cross that out.
And so it actually matches up his statement matches perfectly with the eye and the eye last fantatic says What woman accidentally called him and died Allah. Well, I mean, I saw the home or call it in an email, I'm assuming who is better in speech? The one who invites to law does righteous deeds and said Indeed, I am of the Muslims. Right. So look at the eye on the left hand side. My national code amendment what the Iowa law calls to a law Well, I mean, a solid does righteous deeds, we'll call it in any minute I'm assuming it says I'm that of the Muslims. I'll hasn't said today.
He said Heather habibollah. Heather will he will lie. This is the Beloved of Allah and the will of Allah Subhana Allah. He said SLM Allah, Allah, he said, but that's at the bottom right submits to Allah.
Why me? Let me tie it he does work. So obedience, right? So he, he obey the law, and what
he lay here and cause to the creation to him, you see the statement, his statement goes in reverse order of the eye, but it's the it matches up perfectly. It matches up so he went when he would recite this ad, that's what he was saying that this is the one on Milan loves, not these type of people, these type of people, these type
of people are the best people whose ranks will be the highest on the Day of Judgment. What what Who are these types of people, those who do what, submit to Allah do works of obedience, and he they obey laws, fantastic. And then they call others to Allah. He said, these will be the people whose ranks will be the highest on the Day of Judgment, right? They are the ones who has exempted from being losers when he said well,
okay, so Allah Subhana Allah says, Well, last by Danny, he's swearing by a Lhasa.
Which, I mean, a lot of times they translate as like here, it says, by time, and if we want to be more specific, by alasa
ascertain because there's a specific meaning to that time of the day, which means that what
is the end of the day time is running out. Right? So you should feel that it's running out in the in Santa lovey has may cause a loss, and it's almost It's almost over. I mean, like, it's almost determined because the time is right.
At the end of the day, we'll acid in the in Santa Luffy hustle. So this is the job will custom and basically an answer to what he was trying to add is making his oath about. And so he's swearing that mankind is in loss and ruin.
But there's some that are exempted from that loss from that ruined, and they are 11, Edina
by time, indeed, mankind is in loss, except for those who have the lead, and then righteous de la Latina, Emma new woman who saw the hat, see how that lines up with
those who work in any mineral muslimeen they submitted to a lot, and why me lasallian and they did those righteous deeds. Right, so allies which are exempted them from being at last night, and advised each other to truth. And I advised each other to patience in this store.
In this store, a lot of swore, swore that mankind is in laws, except those who perfected themselves with belief and righteous deeds, and affected others, advising them about belief and good deeds. So notice that these are the qualities again,
submit to Allah
obey Allah. In order to submit to a law you have to have knowledge
and you have to have that will to follow your knowledge. In order to obey a law you have to have knowledge of what it is that constitutes obedience and then you have to follow that and then you call the creation to Allah. And that part is important because there is a in this eye and this eye, there is a a nod, if you will to a class because it says what
men die Illa they call to Allah.
Mohammed bin Abdullah hare Rahim Allah to Allah and que tiempo he when he brings this ayah
he said that there's a subtle call to a class and this is because many of the people they say the Anika theodon lo that he will hack for who enter o l NFC, even though it looks like he's calling to the truth, he's actually doing what calling to himself. So he may be saying the truth, but his call is actually to himself, as the scholars call him, even Eddie funi
the son of you should know me. And another way. In other words, he talks because he wants people to know that he's there. Even though what he's saying is correct. Even though what he's saying is right. But the his intention is because he wants to be he wants to be known. He wants to be heard. He wants people to know who he is.
And some people call to a lot, but it's really a call to themselves, or their shave, or their organization or whatever it might be, what a mess it in that actually calling to Allah has to be pure. And if it's not pure, then it's not accepted by last
fight. He goes on to say that in this surah Allah Subhana Allah swears that mankind is lost, except those who perfect themselves and those who perfect others. Okay, bow. So here we have, who are those who are saved from loss those who would perfect themselves and those who perfect others? How do you protect yourself through amen and righteous actions, knowledge and actions, beneficial knowledge and righteous deeds? Pamela? How do you protect others?
By advising them with what you know to be the truth.
So that knowledge that you have now you have to do what? You share it with other people, and then encouraging suburb, encouraging summer, both for yourself and for them. So they're going if they know what the truth is that now they have to implement it that needs summer. And when you tell people that they shouldn't do stuff, you know what they can do?
Sorry? No, you tell them Listen, don't do ABC and D. If you tell them too many times, you know that they're not gonna like you too much. And you're gonna need somewhere to keep on that path of telling people Hey, listen, that's not the right thing to do. This is the right thing to do. Right? How many people
Parents just get tired.
Right? Okay, how many of you have younger siblings?
younger brothers and sisters? Everybody knows that the younger brothers and sisters would they get away with? They get away with stuff that the older ones didn't Why? Why do you think that his parents got tired? They ran out of suburbs.
They ran out of Southern because you just get tired tell them same thing over and over again. Right? But that's the velocity to summer. I need to stay on that path of command and the good and forbidding evil encouraging people to worship a loss fantastic. It takes Southern otherwise just ran out of steam.
Right so that Tomasi was suffered is also important. And as part of the perfect you you taking that initiative to perfect others now, calling him sheffy. I'm going to I'm going to finish this section here and shout out to it. So and I know we only have a few minutes left.
So in the moment Chevy rahimullah Charlie said if people contemplated sorta to Lhasa, it will suffice them
if they contemplate a sort of philosophy, it would suffice them now explaining the statement. What does that mean it suffices them suffice them how, why?
But what why? What are we searching for? What do we want?
understanding of email,
sorry, you know, what? Is this mean?
Is it this one
is off, so it's my
let me head out.
Right. So
if you look at this surah,
what we want to avoid is what a lions will do, cause we want to avoid loss, one avoid being being the people who don't gain the people who are ruined. We want to avoid that.
How do you avoid that? You avoid that through doing the things that loss fans out, I mentioned in the sutra, protecting yourself and protecting others. And if you contemplate overnight, that's enough. So enough, we It doesn't mean that you don't need the rest of the Quran. That's not what he meant. Chevy's saying that, but he's saying in terms of a general prescription for what you need for success, which is the opposite of a loser. It's right in sort of the last
set to ponder over. Now,
a person cannot be a true follower of a loss messenger sallallahu wasallam unless he calls to Allah with vasila for the ayah coletti is really annoying a lie and I will see a Latina woman in 70 say this my way and vital law with basura and those who follow me, when a law uses the words, ADIRU Illa I invite so law to explain the way upon which allows messengers to live with sentiment is okay, hence, inviting to a law must be his way that is the profits way, in the way of his followers. So whoever does not invite to Allah will not be upon the way of laws messenger, some of the low on he was in the
year one, let that sink in.
Let it sink in. I want to stop there because I know we're out of time. But let that sink in. If you do not call to Allah.
Meaning what?
Even if you're just silent.
That's not the way of the Prophet it is. So not to say doesn't mean that you can never be silent and you should be silent a lot. But it means that if you never have any initiative to invite to the way of Islam,
it's a call to Allah, that you're not following the way of the Prophet it is slightly silly, because the prophet SAW his son and said this is my way I call to Allah upon elbasy Allah and we will talk about Basilan inshallah tada but just very quickly, usually it's translated as insight or knowledge I call to law with knowledge. And as we'll see and basura is his proofs and evidences right
so calling to Allah and with proofs and evidences the the Arabs use the word vasila to talk about the traces of they use the Sierra when he talks about the traces of blood that is left by an animal that has been that was pray what they call it when you when you hunt
that the wounded animal so like for example, if they they hit a rabbit with the with the bullet with the arrow and then but it didn't kill it, so it was going but it's still bleeding.
All you have to do is what just follow that that's called vasila Okay, so it gives you a lead is a clear path, you know that that shows you what you know what's leading to you.
To your target. So we talked about that a long time. Next week. Hopefully, you can answer at least some of these questions. So what are the four essential matters for attaining a man in the religion? Bismillah? Ha, you can work together
solid up
guiding, right, guiding others calling others and then the last, which we didn't cover today, but we will inshallah is that you do that in a way that complies to the way of the messenger and a selector snap tight. Does every Muslim have to believe that there is a bridge over Hellfire that must be crossed before entering gentlemen?
It's not a yes or no answer. It's actually not it says does but it's not a yes or no answer. So
right, if you if you are informed, and you know that this is a from Allah, Allah and His Messenger, then you have to believe in it, but it's not from the minimum requirements of belief in the hereafter. But once you hear that Hadith, the prophet say something you know, as a Muslim, sizable hearty, right, you know, it's a Hey, then you have to believe it. But that's not a requirement for those who haven't studied. But the bare minimums are requirements for everybody. So those are the things you have to teach your children you have to make sure that you know the people that are under your care that they the people you're responsible for that they know these things, while I was
faking the last pantallas decree, cutter Matt explicitly mentioned amongst the fundamentals of Amen, because belief in the laws decree is what is part of belief in Allah as part of belief in Allah, what qualities are possessed by those who are saved from ruin and this life in the next
before to us over somebody will tell us a little hack that's perfecting others they first what perfect themselves so if you wanted to say brought the USA those who perfect themselves in perfect others and then if you want to go into detail they perfect themselves with a man and I'm going to solid right faith and righteous deeds and a perfect others through through teaching them and encouraging them with sub what the demand is, shall we say about Soto to Lhasa he said,
if this if people would ponder over this sorta right, it would suffice them explain his statement we just did so well. All items allow some robotic and nbm hamster panicle over hamburger shadowline ancestor protocol to be like


ROCHESTER, NY (WXXI) – One day after New York voters gave Governor Cuomo his lowest favorability rating, voters polled by Siena College are giving Cuomo's plans to bring Amazon to New York a big thumbs up.
Siena College Research Institute Director Don Levy says a new poll indicates New Yorkers favor the deal by 56 to 36 percent.
"The deal that we framed in the question was granting up to three billion dollars in incentives to Amazon in return for them locating the office here in Queens, based on it projecting 25 thousand jobs. So we see a 20 percent bulge of approval," he said.
Levy says many of the questions in this new poll deal with controversial issues that were once non-starters politically, but are now on the table with Democrats in control of both chambers in the legislature and the governor's office.
New Yorkers also agree with Gov. Cuomo's call to count every New Yorker for the 2020 Census.
But they don't' want to spend more than the $10 million the state spent to promote participation in the 2010 Census.
"Over 80 percent of Upstaters say either less or the same. Very few, only one in ten Upstaters say they'd like to spend more money. So a little bit of a confused message coming from voters," he said.
Levy says at the same time, voters support adding a question to the 2020 Census that asks whether or not each person is a U.S. Citizen — a question could drive down the census count for New York in 2020.
They also support by a wide margin a bill that would allow doctors to prescribe lethal drugs to the terminally ill.
But they're split about 50/50 on broadening the current sports betting law to allow for online sports betting.


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text:
Britons don't really care about the royal wedding
Britain's Prince William and his fiancee Kate Middleton (AP)
When she was a little girl, Elsa Hardcastle loved to dress up as a princess and read stories about young women swept off their feet by a prince charming.
Now, the 10-year-old would rather watch a blockbuster episode of reality TV talent show "X Factor" and meet one of its pop singer judges than see Kate Middleton become a real-life princess when she marries Britain's Prince William.
"I'd rather go to the 'X Factor' final because you get to see loads of famous people like Cheryl Cole," she said.
"I'd rather meet Cheryl Cole than Kate Middleton, because Cheryl is cool and kind."
Pop star and X-Factor judge Cole is the product of manufactured fame in Britain, who began her own career on a reality TV show when she was chosen as a member of girl band Girls Aloud and whose high public profile has been aided by her messy tabloid romance, marriage and break-up with England soccer player Ashley Cole.
By contrast, William is the Eton-educated third-in-line to one of the oldest thrones in Europe who - when he becomes king - will be the constitutional monarch of 16 countries.
His fiancee Kate Middleton is a privately educated woman with a degree from one of Europe's top universities whose parents are self-made millionaires.
With the media frenzy surrounding the royal wedding on April 29 gaining steam, you'd be forgiven for thinking that Hardcastle's views were out of kilter with that of most Britons.
However, a survey by pollsters ComRes last November found a majority of Britons were "not excited" about next month's occasion, with 31 percent saying they "couldn't care less".
The bombardment of reality TV shows, and the daily dollop of gossip in the media about the "celebrities" they create, has changed many people's regard for the royal family, said Chris Rojek, Professor of Sociology at Britain's Brunel University.
"In a sense, the public has got all too used to fame being easily produced and not necessarily hard won," he told Reuters.
No more awe
"So when we have a big occasion like the royal wedding, the kind of awe that was there when (William's father) Prince Charles married Lady Diana has dissipated somewhat."
This, perhaps worrying, obsession with manufactured celebrities and with fame itself was a growing trend, particularly among young people, he said.
"People want to be famous without having necessarily any skill or having achieved anything," said Rojek, who has penned a book titled "Celebrity" looking at the phenomenon.
"They want to be recognised, they want to have impact. But they want it to be for themselves rather than through occupying some position like marrying a future king."
A survey of teachers by Britain's Association of Teachers and Lecturers union in 2008 found most school children aspired to be celebrities, in particular sports or pop stars.
Prince William did not feature in the results at all, although a small number of teachers said their pupils modelled themselves on his younger brother Prince Harry, whose nightclub exploits have often seen him feature in tabloid gossip pages.
"I wouldn't want to marry a prince -- their life doesn't look like much fun," said 13-year-old Bella Bissett. "I would rather be a pop-princess -- then you get the best of both worlds."
Middleton 'no celebrity'
Bissett's friend Jess Wallace, 13, said the wedding itself even lacked the glitz of big film award ceremonies.
"I would rather go to the Oscars because Kate Middleton isn't a proper celebrity and I'd rather see the celebrities at the Oscars," she said. "I don't fancy a royal life -- all you have to do is go to formal events and stuff."
Rojek said their views reflected a growing sense that celebrity culture was becoming ubiquitous, and much more widespread than when Charles married Diana in 1981.
"It was more rarefied for people to meet celebrities or dream about being them. Now it's almost as if it's within the grasp of anyone," he said.
"I think it is going to be very hard for Prince William and Kate to present themselves as glamorous as William's mother did because it's a different world now."
Commentators agree that the royal family might have lost some of their mystique, but reject the notion that they no longer capture the public's imagination.
"The British royal family has in a sense stepped into the showbiz arena and they do compete for interest with the X Factor," said royal biographer Christopher Wilson.
"The only thing is that most of the people who are in X Factor disappear after a year or two, whereas the royal family has got continuity that goes back hundreds of years. They're always a topic of interest. Everybody has a view on the royals."
Lasting appeal
Claudia Joseph, who has written a biography of Middleton, said global interest in the wedding showed their lasting appeal.
"Times have changed since the wedding of Prince Charles and Princess Diana. Both Britain and America are obsessed with reality television stars, who are much more willing to talk about their feelings and take their clothes off," she said.
"But in some ways that makes the royal family more mysterious and inaccessible," she told Reuters.
That, at least, is a view shared by Hardcastle's older sister Bethany, 12. "I would rather marry a prince because if you won the X Factor you may not have the fame for all of your life but being a princess everyone would know who you are forever."
She said the wedding was "an amazing historical event" as opposed to the annual "X Factor" frenzy.
"I'd prefer to meet Kate Middleton because she's going to be the queen, but Simon Cowell is just, well, Simon Cowell."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: "npm install -g yo" hangs in postinstall on windows attempting to install yo on windows with the command "npm install -g yo" goes through the whole process , but hangs when running
> yo@1.2.1 postinstall c:\npm\node_modules\yo
> node ./scripts/doctor

the node.exe process goes to 12-13% cpu (there are 8 cores, so it looks like the process is 100% cpu on the core it's attached to), and will stay at this point for 12 hours+
there are no error messages.
I've tried clearing the cache, uninstalling and reinstalling etc, all to no avail.
npm@1.4.14
node@v0.10.29

I've tried the cmd prompt with and without admin privileges. I've also tried to use the --loglevel warn, and got no errors
Is there anyone else who's had this problem and can suggest a solution ?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Happy Fall Equinox friends – as we head into this gorgeous time of year, the activities are glorious! Women gathering for great food and a fabulous meet and greet with author Sarah Bamford Seidelmaan, Swimming with Elephants – put it on the calendar! Amy Schumer – fav funny gal, returns to the bay next month in Oakland – laughs abound. Fall fashion collections have arrived, see where many originated at the new exhibit at the Contemporary Jewish Museum, "veiled meanings: Fashioning Jewish Dress." Mother/Daughter Flamenco duo entertains in North Beach – fiery and fabulous!
Tomato author Sarah Bamford Seidelmann is coming to Los Gatos October 7th at 11:30 a.m. for a lunch and workshop focusing on her life belief that we should follow our feel good. She is the author of Swimming with Elephants, her memoir detailing her unexpected pilgrimage from physician to healer. Sarah was living a nature-starved, hectic lifestyle until a walrus entered her life and changed everything! Guess we have to read the book to find out how.
After 13 years as a practicing physician, and Mom of 4, she took a three-month sabbatical to search for a way to feel good again. She witnessed so much suffering and longed for a way to address more than just the physical needs of her patients. Enter life coaching to help her with her path. Shortly thereafter she became a certified Martha Beck life coach herself. She sounds like an extraordinary tomato who wants to help the rest of us have an absurdly fantastic life. Mary Welty-Dapkus, herself a Martha Beck coach, hosts the yearly book luncheon where Sarah will be speaking.
At the conclusion of the always healthy, incredibly delicious catered lunch, Sarah will be leading a 2-hour workshop titled "Finding your FEEL GOOD on the Hero's Journey". So many of us are constantly searching for what moves us forward – this should help. I'll see you there. Get the details.
Maybe all of your pals are heading to Spain this fall and you are staycationing. Don't fret, you you can pretend you are visiting when you head to North Beach for Ballet Flamenco. You will experience a sultry Spanish night when the floor burns with pulsating sounds of footwork, song, castanets, syncopated hand clapping and guitar for a riveting display of this true Spanish art form.
She may be a bit controversial, but there is no doubt that she is one funny gal. Irreverent – yes, raunchy – yes, hilarious – of course. She brings all new material to the Paramount in Oakland next month on October 21st. She is truly one of the entertainment industry's leading forces as a stand-up comedian, actress, writer, producer and director.
Fall fashion season has arrived, and as we know, being tomatoes, everything old is new again. Trends come and go but most are rooted in history. The new exhibit at the Contemporary Jewish Museum, Veiled Garments: Fashioning Jewish Dress, from the collection of the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, gives us a glimpse into fashion "trends" from the 19th and 20th centuries but includes information on so much more. Veiled Meanings focuses on how clothes balance the personal with the social and how dress traditions distinguish different Jewish communities. Over 100-curated garments are thematically divided.


text:
Artist, From GABON
LORD EKOMY
Lord Ekomy Ndong, is a Gabonese artist passionate about African culture and history. Pan-African artist, a clearly claimed Mvett influence most of his compositions and his writing. He is now involved in the humanitarian project Sing For Africa. In 1999, his album "Mission a Mbeng" will be a first sales record in the Gabon (Source Discotype Mbolo). In May 2006, Ekomy was honored to be chosen to produce a title on behalf of a leading figure in African music. He writes, composes and arranges the title "Comme ces enfants" as part of a humanitarian project. He has to his credit numerous collaborations with most of the Gabonese urban scene or more broadly in Africa and is nominated for his title "We" at the MTV Music Awards in Abuja.


text:
Mark Fiore cartoon 46
By Gordon Donovan
May 4, 2006 / 6:25 AM / CBS
codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="300" id="rewrite" ALIGN="">
This feature may not be reproduced or distributed electronically, in print or otherwise without the written permission of Mark Fiore.
Mark Fiore creates animated political cartoons from an undisclosed location somewhere in San Francisco. His work appears regularly on select news web sites and is seen by millions, perhaps even scrillions, of people. After a short stint at the San Jose Mercury News as their staff cartoonist creating traditional political cartoons, Fiore happily fled the print world in 2001 to devote all of his energies to creating animated work. Mark Fiore was recently awarded a Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award and has also received an Online Journalism Award from the Online News Association and the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism. With two awards from the National Cartoonists Society for his work in new media under his belt, Fiore also seems to excel at writing in the third person.
• Email Mark Fiore
First published on May 4, 2006 / 6:25 AM
© 2006 CBS. All rights reserved.
Obama, Biden And The Bridge To Nowhere
Please, stop with the "app for that"
Ford's Clumsiness


Lamboo Mobile Medical manufactures modular relocatable Cath-Lab solutions. Lamboo works according to the latest OEM medical planning guides.
Lamboo Mobile Medical is a leading company in manufacturing modular relocatable Cath-Lab / Catheterization laboratory units.
These units are manufactured & delivered as 'turnkey' solutions. Once delivered it can be operational in a matter of hours.
Lamboo Mobile Medical manufactures its modular relocatable Cath-Lab / Catheterization laboratory units with a patented sandwich panel technology.
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A particular type of WordPress theme that demonstrates just how incredibly flexible WordPress has become are "App Themes".. App Themes (short for Application Themes) allow you to create unique websites with advanced functionality that's specific to a certain — usually niche — idea, such as directory websites, job boards, project management services, booking systems, and so on.
For many types of site, you could, of course, use a more general theme coupled with a number of highly specialized plugins to get much the same effect. However, it's not always easy to get unrelated themes and plugins to gel together and create the desired effect. Far better, then, for some sites (such as those wanting to get up and running with minimal fuss) to go for a ready-made all-in-one solution.
AppThemes are one of the most recognized developers of WordPress application themes in the business — and have recently celebrated their sixth year of selling WordPress themes. Impressive!
AppThemes sell six specialist app themes of their own, and an additional 233 themes and plugins via an increasingly popular AppThemes Marketplace. Themes include a Fiverr clone, a freelancer marketplace, a coupon management service, a jobs board, and more.
My personal favorite is Quality Control — a theme that allows you to convert WordPress into a tracking system. Quality Control lets users create tickets, assign statuses, define categories, and much, much more.
Prices at AppThemes start from $99 for a single theme with 12 months' support and updates.
Access to all of AppThemes' designs, as well as all 20+ AppThemes-built marketplace items, costs $199.
Templatic offers 87 WordPress themes — a whopping 53 of which are classified as app themes.
They have app themes for directories, real estate websites, restaurants, daily deal websites, hotel reservation systems and other booking websites, but one design I find particularly interesting is Publisher — a theme that's been created to help you set up an online store to sell digital products, such as eBooks.
Publisher is powered by Templatic's Digital Downloads and Tevolution plugins — both of which are included with the theme — and you can integrate your store with eJunkie, or link directly to a sales page on Amazon. There's also a coupon system to help you promote your products, and, in the back end, you can manage orders and generate reports on sales.
A single license for a Templatic design retails at $65, and offers one year of support and updates, while stepping up to $99 will grant you access to the original Photoshop files. The final option is to join the Templatic theme club for a one-off fee of $299, which will give you access to all 73 Templatic templates, and will remove the need to pay yearly renewal fees.
EngineThemes have been making strides into the WordPress theme market since they first launched almost three-and-a-half years ago. They currently offer a collection of 13 application themes, all of which look absolutely stunning.
They have app themes that can transform your website into a job board, a discussion forum, a hotel reservations system, and more. To me, though, the theme that stands out the most is FreelanceEngine — a professionally designed marketplace theme that'll help you easily create your own freelancing marketplace.
FreelanceEngine lets you charge users to upload listings — either on a single-fee basis or by creating package plans. Additional fees can also be charged for making listings 'featured' (i.e. made to stand out).
All EngineThemes' themes and extensions can be bought separately. Alternatively, they also offer three club packages — ranging from from $199 to $689, depending on which themes and extensions you wish to gain access to.
Update: For more on EngineThemes, check out our new in-depth EngineThemes Review!
Another long-standing app themes provider, SiteMile have been in the business for as long as AppThemes, and have 12 app themes on offer — including a classifieds theme, marketplace themes, a directory theme, and a jobs board.
One of their most popular themes is DealPress — inspired by group selling service Groupon, it allows you to create a daily deal or group buying website.
Customer payments can be accepted using PayPal, and you can also integrate Google Maps into your deal listings, while users can upload their own deals and get email notifications when someone has purchased something from them.
A single license for a SiteMile theme starts at $69, and goes all the way up to $199 if you need additional developer options and priority support. Access to all themes starts at $199, with a yearly renewal fee of $39.
Another hugely popular app theme provider (currently boasting more than 30,000 customers), PremiumPress offer 13 specialist themes — including a directory theme, a microjob theme and a classifieds theme.
An individual theme from PremiumPress will set you back $79, or, if you prefer, they offer a VIP Club giving instant access to all of their themes and products for $599 (currently reduced to $249).
Elegant Themes are one of the most respected design companies within the WordPress community. Their store has 87 WordPress themes — ten of which are app themes.
There's plenty of variety in their app themes category, ranging from a simplistic business card theme to more advanced themes — such as their review theme, InReview, and their real estate theme, ElegantEstate.
My favorite app theme of the bunch is Explorable — a design created for travel blogs, directories, and guides that allows you to assign a location to all of your blog posts, and then display them on a location-based map.
Their app themes are all included in ElegantThemes' membership plans; a personal plan for ElegantThemes retails at $69 per year, and grants you access to all 87 themes.
The developer plan costs only $89 per year, and, in addition to giving you access to all 87 themes, it'll also provide you with all the original layered Photoshop files and access to all Elegant Themes plugins — such as their superb email optin plugin, Bloom; an extremely popular social media sharing plugin named Monarch; and their relatively new WordPress page builder plugin, Divi Builder.
Lifetime access to all themes and plugins can be purchased for a one-off fee of $249.
It's no surprise that, in addition to an absolutely huge range of regular WordPress themes, ThemeForest (the largest online theme marketplace) also offer a specific collection of WordPress app themes. They currently boast a collection of more than 20 specialist themes in their app themes category (although, truth be told, they also have hundreds of other themes assigned to other categories that could arguably be loosely classified as application themes).
One of the benefits of design marketplaces is that the themes come from a wide variety of designers, ensuring a vast range of designs and functionality is available within each category. In the app themes category, there are FAQ themes, jobs boards, reservation systems, dating themes, and more.
One of the most unique app themes available here is Rescue — a theme designed from the ground up for animal shelters.
With a simple yet highly functional design, Rescue offers great support for photographs and the ability to integrate it with pet adoption service Petfinder. It also supports all the same animals as Petfinder: Dogs, cats, birds, barnyard animals, horses, pigs, small and furry, and reptiles.
The prices of the various app themes vary — Rescue, for example, costs $53.
If you're looking for a niche theme with a heap of specialist functionality built in, an app theme may well provide exactly what you're after in one fell swoop!
The alternative to using an app theme is to piece things together yourself using a range of different plugins and/or custom code — and, if you have needs that can't be met any other way, then this may well be your only choice.
It's probably also worth mentioning that, even if you can't find exactly what you're looking for off the shelf, if you can find something close to what you need, it may well be possible to use that as a starting point upon which to build.
Ultimately, however, the decision of whether or not to use an app theme comes down to your individual needs. Good luck!
Know of any other great places to buy WordPress app themes?
I think using a theme closest to what you might need as far as functionality is the quickest and best start. Depending on your coding skills, you can then customize the look and structure of your content which at the end you end up with something that functionaly is still the same but the look and feel is completely different.


text:
import hid
import dot_matrix_font

class usbVFD:
    def __init__(self,vid=0x19c2,pid=0x6a11):
        # just open an usb-hid-connection to the VFD:
        self.dev = hid.device()
        self.dev.open(vendor_id=vid, product_id=pid)

        self.font = dot_matrix_font.dot_matrix_font()

    def send_command(self,command):
        #just send the command with the length ahead
        l=bytes([len(command)])
        command=l+command
        self.dev.write(command)

    ########################################################################################
    # general commands:

    def dimming(self,luminance=100):
        command = b'\x1b\x40'
        if luminance>=75:
            command+=b'\x02'
        elif luminance>=25:
            command+=b'\x01'
        else:
            command+=b'\x00'
        self.send_command(command)

    def clear_display(self):
        self.send_command(command=b'\x1b\x50')

    def all_on(self):
        self.send_command(command=b'\x1b\x55')

    def reset(self):
        self.send_command(command=b'\1F')

    def set_addr_counter(self,add):
        self.send_command(command=b'\x1b\x60'+bytes([add]))

    def write_grafic(self,data):
        self.send_command(command=b'\x1b\x70'+bytes([len(data)])+bytes(data))

    ########################################################################################
    # clock:

    def calc_BCD(self,n):
        if n>0xFF:
            n=0xFF
        higher_nibble, lower_nibble = divmod(n,10)
        return higher_nibble<<4 | lower_nibble

    def set_clock_data(self,hour,minute):
        self.send_command(command=b'\x1B\x00'+bytes([self.calc_BCD(minute)])+bytes([self.calc_BCD(hour)]))

    def set_clock_format(self,clock_format='24h',row='1row'):
        command = b'\x1b'
        if row=='upper':
            command+=b'\x01'
        else:
            command+=b'\x02'
        if clock_format=='24h':
            command+=b'\x01'
        else:
            command+=b'\x00'
        self.send_command(command)

    ########################################################################################
    # symbols: symbol=address of symbol, grayscale from 0...100%
    def set_symbol(self,symbol,grayscale=100):
        command = b'\x1B\x30'+symbol
        if grayscale >= 75:
            command += b'\x02'
        elif grayscale >= 25:
            command += b'\x01'
        else:
            command += b'\x00'
        self.send_command(command)
    ######
    # named access to symbols for convenience
    #

    def set_play(self,grayscale=100):
        self.set_symbol(symbol=b'\x00',grayscale=grayscale)

    def set_pause(self,grayscale=100):
        self.set_symbol(symbol=b'\x01',grayscale=grayscale)

    def set_rec(self, grayscale=100):
        self.set_symbol(symbol=b'\x02', grayscale=grayscale)

    def set_envelope(self, grayscale=100):
        self.set_symbol(symbol=b'\x03',grayscale=grayscale)

    def set_envelope_at(self, grayscale=100):
        self.set_symbol(symbol=b'\x04',grayscale=grayscale)

    def set_mute(self, grayscale=100):
        self.set_symbol(symbol=b'\x05',grayscale=grayscale)

    def set_i(self, grayscale=100, segment=1):
        if segment <=1:
            segment=1
        elif segment>=4:
            segment=4
        self.set_symbol(symbol=bytes([0x05+segment]))

    def set_vol_logo(self,grayscale=100):
        self.set_symbol(symbol=b'\x0A',grayscale=grayscale)
    def set_vol_bar(self,grayscale=100,segment=1):
        if segment <=1:
            segment=1
        elif segment>=14:
            segment=14
        self.set_symbol(symbol=bytes([0x0A+segment]))

    ########################################################################################
    # write text: line is 0 for upper row, 1 for lower row
    def write_str(self,text,row=0):
        char_count = 0
        for char in text:
            addr_count = 0
            for i in range(0, 6):
                # send column after column:
                self.set_addr_counter(addr_count + char_count * 12 + row)
                col = [str(row[i]) for row in self.font.str_to_dot_matrix(char)]
                col = [int(''.join(col), 2)]
                self.write_grafic(col)
                addr_count += 2  # each column has two addresses: upper and lower on
            char_count+=1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Accessing localhost on Android devices in different network, company server is not public I am using cordova in visual studio for app development. I need to test app on other devices like Android. Also debug.
But i am not able to access my localhost on Android or any other device. Problems are:
1. Development servers are in different country and are not public.
2. VPN access is not allowed on Android device due to company policy
3. Can not connect Android device to same company wifi due to company policies
I searched and found VirtualBox and some other solutions. But haven't found any post which address this kind of issue.
Sorry if this question is duplicated and if it is then please redirect me to the solution.
It is a big impediment for my team, is there any way to solve this issue as ?

A: use a computer which can access your localhost build hot spots


Dreams are made to become a reality, not stay a continuous saga of nothingness that replays in your head. Daydreaming, something I use to do as a child while in class. This year for Zen Garage (and always of course) is all about making dreams become a reality. This was also an excellent opportunity to finally meet the mad scientist behind Zen Garage, Justin Fox. As we live on the opposite sides of the world and only able to communicate through Facebook Messenger or email. Both of us were extremely pumped! Many celebrities, television show hosts, models et cetera were at SEMA. Celebs such as Magnus Walker (Porsche Builder/Restorer), Adam Carolla (Comedian, actor, director), Cristy Lee (All Girls Garage & Barrett-Jackson Live), Jeremy McGrath (AMA Supercross champion and off-road truck racer), Danny Thompson (Son of Mickey Thompson and Bonneville Speedweek record holder), Richard Petty (King of NASCAR), Mario Andretti (Racing legend of 111 wins and F1 World Championship) and many more. Tons of big name models, promo models, and car models were at SEMA Show. Our Zen Babe, Jessica Kim was at the Rohanna Wheels and F1R Wheels booth's, CJ Miles, Sarir Karami, Brooke Curtis, Brandi G, Kori West, Bear Dellinger, and more.
The SEMA Show is the biggest automotive event in the Automotive Industry. Displaying top quality car builds from automotive enthusiasts, aftermarket companies, and even from some television shows. The show is held in Las Vegas, Nevada at the infamous Las Vegas Convention center. I'm not going to lie ladies and gentlemen; this venue is massive! The venue was divided into sections. North Hall, South Hall, Central Hall, Racing Annex, Performance Pavilion, and West Coast Customs. I mean you really can't cover the entire show like you would have expected too. Inside South Hall, at the GoPro boK&N had the debut of Formula Drift Pro Chris Forsberg's Nissan 240z (S30) that is RB25DET swapped and is putting down 500hp! Super clean build that is meticulously done right. At the GoPro booth, Ryan Tuerck had his Scion FR-S GT4586 sitting nicely with the massive Ferrari Italia 458 engine poking out of the bay. Donut Media covered the build process over the summer leading up to SEMA, and Huddy Racing out of San Diego, California had their hands all over the build process.
Seibon Carbon had the new 10th generation Civic Type-R (4dr) at their booth. Intricate carbon fiber accents for the grille, front splitter, hood vents in the hood, and rear diffuser. I was happy to see the new Type-R after a year of talks about it across the internet. A little way down at the Turbo-By-Garrett booth, Bear Dellinger was in attendance signing photos, filming, and meeting and greeting with her fans. Rob Dahm had his AWD 26B Mazda RX-7 (FD) at the booth. This car is an absolute monster to witness! Though it was a rolling car it was still turning heads and have been major talk on the week of Sema. We can't wait for the awakening of this beast! After admiring Mr. Dahm's RX-7 I made way outside of South Hall lower level to see the smaller Toyo Tires booth. There lies Ken Block's infamous Hoonicorn RTR V2 Mustang. A twin-turbocharged 1,400hp machine that intimidates you just by looking at it. It's like a living breathing beast waiting to unleash its wrath, is the vibe I got from it when I was shooting this amazing car. I have been a huge follower of Ken's Hoonicorn since the first build process, and to see the car in person is a dream come true.
There is one booth out of many that really captured the hundreds and thousands of eyes at the show is the Toyo Tires Treadpass. Dionne Mascunana debuted his Rocket Bunny Pandem kitted Porsche Cayman on white Rotiform QLB's. Angie Mead King debuted her badass widebody C6 Corvette aka The Black Manta. This is one mental build! DPE Wheels, AirRex suspension, and a whole lot of carbon fiber. I was doing a Facebook live video on my personal account, and got the opportunity to talk to Angie and discuss her amazing build. Dylan Coleman had his RB26DETT swapped E36 BMW M3 at the booth sporting the mighty and infamous Midnight Purple as the car's color of choice. The color is from the Nissan Skyline GT-R R34 (Midnight Purple Edition). I must say that this car is absolutely one of my all-time favorites. Everything was built to perfection. AMF Forged and Kuhl Racing debuted the Kuhl Racing Nissan GT-R and Subaru WRX STI. Both vehicles are custom hand engraved. Having intricate designs engraved into the paint of the vehicles. A true masterpiece and perfectly executed innovation to create art on a car.
Another booth that definitely grasped the mass amounts of attention outside of South Hall is the DUB Magazine booth hosting the cars from Liberty Walk. Audi S5, Maserati Gran Turismo, Ferarri F430, and Kato-San's debut of his LB Works Nissan Z30. A car built Shakotan style and sounds like a church choir serenading the most gorgeous Gospel praising God up above. Yeah, its like that! Looking at the gorgeous array of Liberty Walk vehicles made me fall head over heels with the company even more. I mean of course I already loved them, but to see their work in person takes your love for Liberty Walk to a place it has never gone before. Before shooting some of the cars at the booth, I was eager to meet some of the guys from Liberty Walk. I spotted Kato-San just in time before he took a break from signing mobile phones, shirts, and posters. Kato-San and I took a selfie and I also met and got a selfie with Hyuma Kato, one of the staff members of Liberty Walk. Genuine men and awesome vibes all around from them.
I had an amazing time in Las Vegas, Nevada attending The SEMA Show. It was an experience that I will never forget. I was in heaven just looking at the gorgeous array of custom car builds, the scenic views of Vegas, and feeling the high intense energy radiate throughout the entire venue from other gearheads and automotive enthusiast. Going to this particular car show has been a dream of mine to cover for 3yrs, and to be able to make my dream become a reality is a major blessing. After all, the poorest man is not the one without a penny. The poorest man is the one without a dream.


text:
Moments in Texas History ~ 1.23.2012
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Domingo Terán de los Ríos appointed first governor of Texas
On this day in 1691, the Conde de Gálvez appointed Domingo Terán de los Ríos the first governor of the Spanish province of Coahuila and Texas. Most historians consider the appointment the beginning of Texas as a political entity. Terán's instructions, prepared by a Junta de Hacienda acting under suggestions by Damián Massanet, were to establish seven missions among the Tejas Indians; to investigate rumors of foreign settlements on the coast; and to keep records of geography, natives, and products. Terán's army crossed the Rio Grande in May and explored East Texas as far as Caddo settlements on the Red River until December. By March 1692 Terán had returned to Matagorda Bay, where Juan Enríquez Barroto gave him instructions from the viceroy to explore the lower reaches of the Mississippi River. Bad weather caused Terán to abandon the project and return to Veracruz in April. Terán's mission proved to be a complete failure. He succeeded in founding no new missions, and the expedition added little new information about the region. After his return, Terán compiled a lengthy report, defending his actions and detailing the dismal situation in East Texas.
Confederates hang former Texas senator as traitor
On this day in 1863, Confederate soldiers hanged Martin Hart in Fort Smith, Arkansas. This attorney from Hunt County had served in the Texas legislature, where he spoke out against secession. After secession, he resigned his government post and organized the Greenville Guards, pledging the company's services "in defense of Texas" against invasion. Under color of a Confederate commission, however, he spied against the Confederacy. In Arkansas he led a series of rear-guard actions against Confederate forces, and is alleged to have murdered at least two prominent secessionists. He was captured on January 18, 1863, by Confederate forces.
Ill-fated Spanish mission established
On this day in 1762, the mission of San Lorenzo de la Santa Cruz was established at El Cañón, about halfway between San Sabá and San Juan Bautista. After the destruction of Santa Cruz de San Sabá in 1758, the only Spanish settlement in the area was the military outpost of San Luis de las Amarillas. In 1760, Felipe de Rábago y Terán took over as commander there with instructions from Viceroy Marqués de Cruillas to explore lands between the San Saba River and New Mexico with the objective of establishing Spanish presence in a region that was threatened by the French. Rábago elected instead to found a settlement on the upper Nueces River at El Cañón, but the viceroy withheld financial support. Although the mission attracted 400 Indians within a week, the priests, including Diego Jiménez, soon realized that the Apaches had no real interest in conversion, but viewed the site as a haven from their enemies. In 1767, the Marqués de Rubí recommended that San Lorenzo de la Santa Cruz and the nearby mission Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Cañón be abandoned. Jacobo de Ugarte y Loyola, governor of Coahuila, concurred, and the El Cañón missions officially closed in 1771.
posted - 1.23.2012 - The Texas State Historical Association
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Mr. Henkel joined Ponder & Co.'s Mergers and Acquisitions Group in 2013. His daily responsibilities include developing financial models for engagement projects, assisting in preparation of presentations for client pitches and for engagement projects, maintaining the M&A comparable transaction database and assisting in due diligence related to transactions.
Prior to joining Ponder & Co., he worked in Supply Chain Operations at Under Armour.
Mr. Henkel holds a Bachelor's degree in Economics from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee.


text:
Q: Why is the formula for the area of a cardioid $ \int_a^b \frac{1}{2} r^2 d \theta$ I've seen this expression in many places :$\int_a^b \frac{1}{2} r^2 d \theta$ and was wondering if someone can explain where this came from? I've noticed that it's sometimes explained in conjunction with double integrals but I'm not very familiar with double integrals (as in what it means using a picture).

A: Answer based on my answer to the question Explain $\iint \mathrm dx\,\mathrm dy = \iint r \,\mathrm \,d\alpha\,\mathrm dr$.
1. Area in Cartesian and in polar coordinates. Let $T$ be a bounded closed region of the $xy$-plane. If we decompose $T$ into $n$ rectangular cells the area $A$ of $R$ is the limit
$$ A=\lim_{n\to\infty}\; \sum_{i=1}^{n }\Delta A_{i}$$
which by definition of a double integral is equal to
$$A=\iint_T \mathrm{d}x\;\mathrm{d}y,\tag{1}$$
where $\Delta A_{i}$ is the area of a generic rectangular cell. The limits of integration are to be found in terms of $x,y$.

Figure 1: Generic $i^{th}$-cell in polar coordinates with the shape of a circle sector
Let's compute the same area using polar coordinates $r,\theta$. If we decompose $T$ into cells with a shape of sectors of a circle defined by two radii whose difference is $\Delta r_{i}$ for the generic $i^{th}$ cell and two rays making an angle $\Delta \theta _{i}$ with each other, the area of the  cell (see figure 1 above), using the formula of a circle sector, is
$$\frac{1}{2}\left[ \left( r_{i}+\frac{1}{2}\Delta r_{i}\right) ^{2}-\left(
r_{i}-\frac{1}{2}\Delta r_{i}\right) ^{2}\right] \Delta \theta
_{i}=r_{i}\Delta r_{i}\Delta \theta _{i},$$
where $r_{i}$ is the radius of the middle point of the cell. The same area $A$ can be expressed as the limit
$$A=\lim_{n\to\infty}\;\sum_{i=1}^{n }r_{i}\Delta r_{i}\Delta \theta _{i},$$
which by definition of a double integral is equal to
$$A=\iint_T r\;\mathrm{d}r\;\mathrm{d}\theta. \tag{2}$$
The limits of integration of $T$ are expressed in terms of $r$ and $\theta$. The relation between Cartesian and polar coordinates is
$$x=r\cos\theta,\qquad y=r\sin\theta.$$
In 2. and 3. we evaluate $(2)$ when $T$ is a circle and a cardioid.
2. Example. Area of a circle with radius $R$.  Observing that $r\in [0,R]$ and $\theta\in[0,2\pi]$ the integral $(2)$ reduces to
$$\begin{eqnarray*}A_{\text{circle}}=\int_{0}^{2\pi }\left( \int_{0}^{R}r\ \mathrm{d}r\right) \mathrm{d}\theta
&=&\int_{0}^{2\pi }\frac{R^{2}}{2}\ \mathrm{d}\theta\tag{$\ast$}\\ &=&\pi R^{2}.\end{eqnarray*}$$
Equation $(\ast)$ corresponds to the formula in the question. In this case $R$ is a constant.
3. Area of a Cardioid. To compute the area of a cardioid with equation $r=4a\cos ^{2}\frac{\theta }{2}$ (see figure 2 below) we need to find the limits of integration. From the figure we see that $r\in [0,4a\cos ^{2}\frac{\theta }{2}]$ and $\theta\in[0,2\pi]$. The integral $(2)$ reduces to
$$\begin{eqnarray*}
A_{\text{cardioid}}=\int_{0}^{2\pi }\left( \int_{0}^{4a\cos ^{2}\frac{\theta }{2}}r\ \mathrm{d}
r\right)\ \mathrm{d}\theta  &=&\int_{0}^{2\pi }\left( \left. \frac{r^{2}}{2}\right\vert _{0}^{4a\cos ^{2}\frac{\theta }{2}}\right)\ \mathrm{d}\theta\tag{$\ast\ast$} \\
&=&\int_{0}^{2\pi }\left( 8a^{2}\cos ^{4}\frac{\theta}{2} \right)\ \mathrm{d}\theta  \\
&=&6\pi a^{2}.
\end{eqnarray*}$$
Equation $(\ast\ast)$ corresponds to the formula in the question. Now $r$ is not constant, rather a function of $\theta$.

$$\text{Figure 2: cardioid }r=4a\cos ^{2}\frac{\theta }{2}$$
--
Added: The factor $r$ in $(2)$ is the Jacobian of the transformation. Here is an  evaluation:
$$\begin{eqnarray*}
\frac{\partial \left( x,y\right) }{\partial \left( r,\theta \right) }
&=&\det
\begin{pmatrix}
\partial x/\partial r & \partial x/\partial \theta  \\
\partial y/\partial r & \partial y/\partial \theta
\end{pmatrix}
\\
&=&\det
\begin{pmatrix}
\cos \theta  & -r\sin \theta  \\
\sin \theta  & r\cos \theta
\end{pmatrix}
\\
&=&r\cos ^{2}\theta +r\sin ^{2}\theta  \\
&=&r.
\end{eqnarray*}$$

A: There are at least two way to look at this formula. The simplest, in my opinion, is approximating the area inside the arc into small circular arcs.
$\hspace{3.5cm}$
The area inside each arc of radius $r$ and angle $\Delta\theta$ is $\frac12r^2\Delta\theta$ (this is proportional to $\pi r^2$ for the entire circle). Summing these approximations as $\Delta\theta\to0$ yields
$$
\int\frac12r^2\mathrm{d}\theta
$$

Another approach is to look at the Jacobian of the conversion from rectangular to polar coordinates.
$$
\mbox{
$\begin{align}
x&=r\cos(\theta)\\
y&=r\sin(\theta)
\end{align}
$}
\quad\text{and}\quad
\mbox{$
\begin{align}
\mathrm{d}x&=\cos(\theta)\,\mathrm{d}r-r\sin(\theta)\,\mathrm{d}\theta\\
\mathrm{d}y&=\sin(\theta)\,\mathrm{d}r+r\cos(\theta)\,\mathrm{d}\theta
\end{align}
$}
$$
That is
$$
\begin{bmatrix}\mathrm{d}x\\\mathrm{d}y\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}\cos(\theta)&-r\sin(\theta)\\\sin(\theta)&r\cos(\theta)\end{bmatrix}
\begin{bmatrix}\mathrm{d}r\\\mathrm{d}\theta\end{bmatrix}
$$
The determinant of the Jacobian yields
$$
\begin{align}
\mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y
&=r(\cos^2(\theta)+\sin^2(\theta))\,\mathrm{d}r\,\mathrm{d}\theta\\
&=r\,\mathrm{d}r\,\mathrm{d}\theta
\end{align}
$$
if we integrate in $r$ from the origin first, this yields the area to be
$$
\int\frac12r^2\,\mathrm{d}\theta
$$

A: All area calculations are double integrals. However, when we are given a curve that bounds our area we can make simplify our integral and convert it into a single integral.
In rectangular coordinates we do this when we calculate an area under a curve. Technically, we start with $$\int_{a}^{b}\int_{0}^{f(x)}dydx$$  and then do the integral in the $y$ direction to get $$\int_{a}^{b}f(x)dx$$
We can do the same thing in polar coordinates. We start with $$\int_{a}^{b}\int_{0}^{r(\theta)}\rho d\rho d\theta$$ and then we integrate in the $\rho$ direction to get $$\int_{a}^{b}\frac{r^2(\theta)}{2}d\theta $$


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A 33-year-old man died in a motorcycle crash early Saturday morning near downtown San Antonio, and authorities discovered his body more than nine hours later and 1,000 feet from the scene, the San Antonio Express-News reports.
Richard Gutierrez was pronounced dead at 9:56 a.m. Saturday after being found in a parking lot south of Guadalupe Street beneath Interstate 35.
After investigating, authorities determined that Gutierrez had been the motorcyclist involved in an earlier crash on Interstate 35. Firefighters were called to the scene around 12:30 a.m. to put out a motorcycle on fire, but no one was found near the motorcycle.
Gutierrez was wearing a helmet, police said. He may have been speeding on the upper level of Interstate 35 when he crashed into a wall, witnesses told police.