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Category: New York Law
Service of Divorce Summons Over Facebook
As the world is changing with emerging technologies, the courts are starting to accept new technologies and social media. In a recent decision, Baidoo v. Blood-Dzraku, 2015 NY Slip Op 25096 (Sup. Ct. New York Co. 2015), the court permitted service of divorce summons over Facebook.
In New York State, summons must be served in all divorce cases. In a typical New York divorce case, the defendant must be served with the summons personally and an affidavit of service describing the circumstances of the service must be filed.
However, there are frequently circumstances where the party seeking divorce does not know where the other party resides. If that spouse cannot be located, he/she cannot be personally served. Under those circumstances, a party could seek permission from the court to use an alternative method of service under New York's procedural rules. Usually, the last resort is service by publication which is available only when a party could not be located after a diligent search. The problem with service by publication is that it is not effective and can be expensive.
In Baidoo, the wife was permitted to serve her husband by direct message through Facebook after she was able to establish that:
1. She was unable to personally serve the summons personally on the defendant;
2. It would be "impracticable" to serve him by "substitute service" (service on a person of suitable age and discretion or "nail and mail");
3. sending the summons through Facebook would reasonably be expected to give the defendant actual notice that he is being sued for divorce.
In Baidoo, the defendant has never resided in New York, had no last-known address or place of employment, refused to disclose to plaintiff where he lived, and was unregistered with the Department of Motor Vehicles. The only means of contact with him that plaintiff had was through Facebook.
Additionally, the plaintiff had to present the court with evidence that:
1. The Facebook account actually belonged to the defendant.
2. The defendant logged into the account with some regularity so that he would actually get notice of the divorce.
If plaintiff is able to establish the above, service through Facebook should be a viable method of alternative service.
I suspect that with time, we are likely to see that service through electronic communications and social media will become more and more common. For now, service through social media is uncommon and likely to see a considerable degree of scrutiny from the court.
Posted on May 10, 2015 Categories divorce, Domestic Relations Law, Family Law, New York Law, procedure, Supreme CourtTags alternate service, county, court, CPLR, divorce, Domestic Relations Law, Livingston, locate defendant, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, procedure, rochester ny divorce lawyer, service of process, Supreme Court, WayneLeave a comment on Service of Divorce Summons Over Facebook
Enforceability of Prenuptial Agreements
Prenuptial agreements can be used to resolve issues related to spousal maintenance, equitable distribution, and other issues that may come up in the event the parties decide to divorce. While I have previously written about different issues involving validity and enforceability of prenuptial agreements, and how the courts would analyze them, a recent case raised an issue of what happens to the prenuptial agreement if a claim is made that the parties verbally agreed to revoke it.
In Braha v. Braha, 45 Misc 3d 1211(A) (Sup Ct. Kings Co. 2014), the wife claimed that the parties agreed to revoke their prenuptial agreement which was then torn in pieces and thrown off the honeymoon cruise ship. The agreement, which was entered by the parties shortly before the marriage after an engagement of less than three week, was signed by the bride after the groom told her that his father "threatened to cut him off" if he did not sign a prenuptial agreement. According to the wife, the parties never intended agreement to be enforceable and did not even attempt to negotiate it.
After twelve years of marriage, when the husband filed for divorce, he asked the court to enforce the agreement. The wife argued that she was fraudulently induced to sign the agreement after the husband told her that the agreement would never be enforced and that once on their honeymoon, the parties had torn up the agreement and threw it into the ocean. The husband pointed out to the court that both parties were represented by counsel and was able to produce an original agreement.
In rejecting the wife's claims that parties orally agreed that they would not be bound by the agreement, the judge noted that the prenuptial agreement contained the boilerplate provision that:
This Agreement contains the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the matters set forth herein, including, without limitation, the rights of the party with respect to the property of the other party. There are no representations, warranties, promises, covenants or understandings, oral or otherwise, other than those expressly set forth herein.
The court further held that ripping up the agreement and throwing it into the ocean did not revoke the agreement since it provided that:
Neither this Agreement [nor] any provisions hereof, including without limitation, this article, may be altered, modified, terminated, or revoked, except by an instrument executed and acknowledged by both parties with the same formalities as this Agreement.
According to the terms of the agreement, the only way this agreement could have been revoked is in writing, signed and properly acknowledged by the parties.
The takeaway from Braha is that when it comes to prenuptial agreements, anything and everything has to be done in writing, signed and properly acknowledged. The parties should negotiate their agreements and not rely on oral statements. If there is a divorce action in the future, unless the agreement was properly revoked, it will be offered in court.
Posted on March 1, 2015 Categories divorce, Domestic Relations Law, drafting, Family Law, New York Law, pre-nuptial agreement, procedure, Supreme CourtTags county, divorce, Domestic Relations Law, enforcement, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, prenuptial agreement, procedure, rochester ny divorce lawyer, Supreme Court, validity, WayneLeave a comment on Enforceability of Prenuptial Agreements
Constructive Emancipation and the Child's Conduct
I have previously written about constructive emancipation issue and also addresses some of the applicable law in another post. Generally, a child can become emancipated through his actions when the child either refuses to have contact with the parent or voluntarily abandon's parent's home. However, what happens when a child engages in abusive conduct directed toward the non-residential parent?
In a recent decision, Cornell v. Cornell, 2015 NY Slip Op 25030 (Sup. Ct. Monroe Co. 2015), the court held that where a child's conduct directed at the parent is abusive and inappropriate, the court can construe such conduct as abandonment. In Cornell, the evidence presented to the court established that the child engaged in communications that established "a substantial hatred and/or disrespect for the mother". In the court's view,
a child who utters such terms about their parent cannot realistically expect this court to ignore such conduct and order the maligned parent to pay any form of support for the child. A child over the age of 18, seeking reimbursement for college expenses, cannot use such language toward a parent and then, either directly or through his other parent, seek child support, and/or payment of college expenses. No one should be permitted to refer to their mother in such fashion, and then, without recanting or asking for forgiveness, seek the court's assistance to have that person support their future life. This court will not condone such actions by an unworthy son.
Thus, the court emancipated the child and the mother was no longer obligated to contribute toward support of the child or pay a portion of his college expenses.
This decision is particularly interesting because of the court's emphasis on the child's negative conduct directed at the mother. The court also mentioned that the child refused subsequent contact with the mother. While refusal to have contact is significant, according to the controlling cases, the court also has to analyze the parent's efforts to reestablish contact with the child. Unfortunately in Cornell, the court did not discuss what specific actions the mother undertook to reestablish contact with the child.
Ultimately, I think that the court has reached result. It will be interesting to see if this decision will be appealed and what the Appellate Division's decision will be.
Posted on February 8, 2015 Categories child support, Child Support Standards Act, college expenses, court orders, Domestic Relations Law, emancipation, Family Law, modification, New York Law, procedure, Supreme CourtTags attorney, child support, Child Support Standards Act, college expenses, constructive emancipation, county, Domestic Relations Law, emancipation, Family Law, Livingston, modification, Monroe, obligation to pay, Ontario, Orleans, parent, rochester, rochester ny divorce lawyer, Supreme Court, WayneLeave a comment on Constructive Emancipation and the Child's Conduct
Duration of Residency in New York as Prerequisite to Divorce Action
In order to have a valid divorce action in New York, certain residential requirements have to be satisfied. Domestic Relations Law §230 requires that:
1. You and your spouse were married in New York, and either of you is a resident of New York when the divorce action is started and has been a resident of New York for a continuous period of one year immediately before the commencement of the divorce action;
2. You and your spouse have resided in New York as husband and wife, and either of you is a resident of New York when the divorce action is started and has been a resident of New York for a continuous period of one year immediately preceding the beginning of the divorce action;
3. The grounds for divorce occurred in New York, and either you or your spouse has been a resident of New York for a continuous period of at least one year immediately before the beginning of the divorce action;
4. The grounds for divorce occurred in New York, and both you and your spouse are residents of New York at the time of the commencement of the divorce action;
5. Either you or your spouse has been a resident of New York for a continuous period of at least two years immediately preceding the commencement of the divorce action.
The statute requires that the residency be continuous. What happens if the party spends significant periods of time outside of New York?
In Murjani v. Murjani, 2014 N.Y. Slip. Op. 08366 (1st Dep't. 2014), the Appellate Division held that durational residency requirements were satisfied by the defendant, despite the fact that defendant would spend significant periods of time in India and elsewhere. The court held that since defendant had maintained a permanent residence in New York and would return there with regularity, those facts satisfied continuous residency requirements. Thus, as long as permanent residence is being maintained in New York, and the party either returns or intends to return there, Domestic Relations Law §230 is satisfied and a divorce action can be maintained.
Posted on January 18, 2015 Categories divorce, Domestic Relations Law, Family Law, jurisdiction, New York Law, procedure, Supreme CourtTags county, divorce, Domestic Relations Law, duration, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, procedure, residency, rochester, Supreme Court, WayneLeave a comment on Duration of Residency in New York as Prerequisite to Divorce Action
Statement That Marriage Was Irretrievably Broken Is Sufficient to Establish Cause of Action For Divorce
I have previously written about the issues associated with the grounds for divorce under the no-fault statute (Domestic Relations Law §170(7)). Prior decisions associated with issue were trial level decisions and, therefore, there were subject to potentially different result after appellate review. Now, there is some finality to this issue. Two recent appellate decision held specifically that a statement under oath that the marriage was irretrievably broken for a period of six months or longer was sufficient to establish a cause of action under Domestic Relations Law §170(7).
In Trbovich v. Trbovich, 122 A.D.3d 1381 (4 Dep't. 2014) the Appellate Division, Fourth Department, affirmed an order which denied the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment seeking a divorce pursuant to Domestic Relations Law §170(7). It agreed with plaintiff that the relationship has broken down irretrievably for a period of at least six months opposing spouse in a no-fault divorce action pursuant to Domestic Relations Law §170(7) is not entitled to litigate the other spouse's sworn statement, and indicated that to the extent that its decision in Tuper v. Tuper, 98 A.D.3d 55, 59 (4th Dep't 2012) suggested otherwise, it declined to follow it. Nevertheless, the Appellate Division held that plaintiff was not entitled to summary judgment under Domestic Relations Law §170(7) at this juncture of the litigation because the ancillary issues had not been resolved by the parties or determined by the court.
In Hoffer-Adou v. Adou, 2014 Slip.Op. 07436 (1 Dep't. 2014) the Appellate Division held that contrary to the husband's contention, the wife was entitled to a judgment of divorce under the no-fault provision of DRL §170(7), since her statement under oath that the marriage was irretrievably broken for a period of six months was sufficient to establish her cause of action for divorce as a matter of law. Trial court's grant of the divorce did not contradict DRL §170(7)'s requirement that "[n]o judgment of divorce shall be granted under this subdivision unless and until the economic issues of equitable distribution of marital property, the payment or waiver of spousal support, the payment of child support, the payment of counsel and experts' fees and expenses as well as the custody and visitation with the infant children of the marriage have been resolved by the parties, or determined by the court and incorporated into the judgment of divorce." The parties' separation agreement resolved the issues of child custody and support. Their subsequent commencement in the Family Court of proceedings concerning these issues did not render the court without authority to grant the divorce, since non-compliance with/or enforcement of, the separation agreement is not an element of Domestic Relations Law §170(7).
Thus, as long as the party seeking divorce is able to make a sworn statement that the marriage was irretrievably broken for a period of six months, that party will receive a divorce once all other issues have been resolved. There is no way for the defendant to challenge that statement, and the court will not permit introduction of testimony challenging it. This follows the intent of the no-fault statute to prevent grounds trials.
Posted on January 4, 2015 Categories divorce, Domestic Relations Law, Family Law, grounds, marital fault, New York Law, procedure, Supreme CourtTags county, divorce, Domestic Relations Law, grounds, Livingston, Monroe, no-fault, Ontario, Orleans, procedure, rochester ny divorce lawyer, Supreme Court, WayneLeave a comment on Statement That Marriage Was Irretrievably Broken Is Sufficient to Establish Cause of Action For Divorce
Credit for Payments Made to Satisfy the Other Spouse's Legal Obligations
It is common for parties to make payments on their debts while their divorce action is pending. Generally, each party is responsible for their own debts incurred after commencement of the divorce action, and, most of the time, the parties are jointly liable on any marital debt that preceded commencement of the divorce action. However, there are situations where one party is forced to make payment for the debts owed by the other party. Thus, it is important to know if one spouse pays for the other spouse's legal obligations, does that spouse receive a credit for those payments?
In McKay v. Groesbeck, 117 AD3d 810 (N.Y.A.D. 2 Dept. 2014), the Appellate Division pointed out that a party's maintenance and child support obligations are retroactive to the earlier of the date of filing or the date of application for them. Further, any retroactive amount due has to be paid, as the court directs, taking into account any amount of temporary maintenance or child support which has been paid as provided by DRL §236[B][6][a] and DRL § 236[B][7][a].
Generally, voluntary payments made by a parent for the benefit of his or her children may not be credited against amounts due under the court order or a judgment of divorce. Only payments made pursuant to the judgment or order can be credited. Also, a party is not entitled to a credit for payments made to satisfy that party's own legal obligations that were not made pursuant to a pendente lite order of support.
In McKay, there was a pendente lite order for temporary child support of $1,000 per month issued in 2006, but no payments were made pursuant to that order. However, a party is entitled to a credit for payments made to satisfy the other spouse's legal obligations. The court held that the defendant should have received a credit towards arrears for any payments he made toward the plaintiff's car payments and insurance, and for one half of the payments he made toward the mortgage and carrying charges on the marital home, as those payments were made to satisfy the plaintiff's legal obligations.
Thus, the party paying legal obligations will receive a credit for those payments. This situation is likely to occur where the party receiving child support and/or spousal maintenance does not have sufficient financial resources to satisfy all of his or her debts. If the court grants this credit, both parties may benefit.
Posted on October 25, 2014 Categories court orders, divorce, Domestic Relations Law, equitable distribution, Family Law, New York Law, Supreme CourtTags county, credit, Domestic Relations Law, equitable distribution, legal obligations, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, payment after commencement, rochester ny divorce lawyer, Supreme Court, WayneLeave a comment on Credit for Payments Made to Satisfy the Other Spouse's Legal Obligations
Tracing Method of Dividing Defined Contribution Retirement Assets
I have previously written about division of marital retirement assets which is traditionally done by computing a time based coverture fraction pursuant to the New York Court of Appeals' decision in Majauskas v. Majauskas, 61 N.Y.2d 481 (1984). Majauskas was the seminal New York case that decided that the portion of the spouse's pension or a retirement plan such as 401k, earned during the marriage, is marital property subject to equitable distribution. To the extent that a pension was earned or 401k contributions were made during the marriage, they are, for purposes of New York law, are considered to be marital property. The Majauskas decision sets forth the formula that normally is to be followed in dividing retirement assets and consists of a fraction computed on the basis of duration of the marriage and duration of the party's employment.
While Majauskas has been the prevailing law for the last 30 years, a recent decision suggests that with regard to defined contribution retirement plans such as 401k or 403b plans, or their equivalents, the trial court has discretion to utilize a tracing method of equitable distribution. According to Jennings v. Brown, 43 Misc.3d 1229(A) (Sup. Ct. Seneca Co. 2014), "a small minority of cases have started to hold that use of a time-based fraction to determine the marital share of a defined contribution plan is permitted". Tracing would allow the court to treat appreciation on any separate property portion of such retirement assets as separate property, thereby reducing the non-titled party's interest in the asset. The court observed that utilization of time coverture fraction methodology utilized by the Court of Appeals in Majauskas may result in overvaluation of non-vested party's interest and tracing method would remedy that problem.
In Jennings, the plaintiff argued that the tracing method should be utilized to establish defendant's interest in plaintiff's 401k plan. However, while accepting tracing methodology as valid, the court held that it was constrained by the terms of the parties' judgment of divorce which referenced Majauskas method of dividing retirement assets.
While Jennings is a trial level decision, and I question at least one of the cases it relies on, it suggests that with regard to defined contribution retirement funds, tracing method could be accepted by the trial court. Under appropriate circumstances, tracing method may greatly benefit the titled spouse. It also suggests that when the case is tried, the party seeking to utilize tracing method will need to present expert testimony on this issue. In Jennings, an affidavit of a CPA was presented to the court. Since Jennings is a trial level decision, it remains to be seen whether the appellate courts will agree with its reasoning.
Posted on September 28, 2014 September 28, 2014 Categories court orders, divorce, Domestic Relations Law, drafting, equitable distribution, New York Law, procedure, QDRO, Settlement Agreements, Stipulations, Supreme CourtTags 401k, county, defined contribution plan, division, Domestic Relations Law, equitable distribution, Family Law, Livingston, Monroe, new york, Ontario, Orleans, procedure, QDRO, retirement assets, rochester, rochester ny divorce lawyer, tracing, WayneLeave a comment on Tracing Method of Dividing Defined Contribution Retirement Assets
Temporary Maintenance and Payment of Additional Expenses by Monied Spouse
One issue that comes up fairly often in divorce cases is the issue of whether the monied spouse who is paying temporary maintenance is also responsible for additional expenses incurred by the non-monied spouse. At least some of the prior decisions held that when the temporary maintenance is being paid, the recipient was responsible for his or her living expenses, including any mortgage payments or housing expenses.
However, it appears that at least some of the appellate decisions hold otherwise. In Vistocco v. Jardin,116 A.D.3rd 842 (N.Y.A.D. 2 Dept.), the parties were married in 1995 and had three unemancipated children. The wife made a request for temporary maintenance as well as for payment of carrying costs on the marital residence. The trial court awarded the defendant $3,000 per week for child support and $3,000 per week in temporary spousal maintenance, directed the plaintiff to pay the mortgage and taxes on the marital residence where the defendant resided with the parties' children, directed the plaintiff to pay the defendant's car insurance, and awarded the defendant interim counsel fees and expert fees in the sums of $12,500 and $3,500, respectively. The Appellate Division affirmed.
The plaintiff argued that the Supreme Court erred in directing him to pay, in addition to spousal maintenance, the mortgage and taxes on the marital residence and the defendant's car insurance. He contended that the pendente lite maintenance award is intended to cover the defendant's basic living expenses, which include the mortgage, property taxes, and her car insurance. The Appellate Division held that the formula to determine temporary spousal maintenance that is outlined in Domestic Relations Law § 236(B)(5-a)(c) is intended to cover all of a payee spouse's basic living expenses, including housing costs, the costs of food and clothing, and other usual expenses (see Khaira v. Khaira, 93 AD3d 194). It further held that it may be appropriate to direct payment by the monied spouse of the mortgage and taxes on the marital residence and other expenses of the nonmonied spouse under certain circumstances (see id.). In light of the evidence that the plaintiff's income exceeded $500,000 and the gross disparity between the plaintiff's income and the defendant's income, the trial court properly awarded additional support in the form of a directive to the plaintiff to pay the mortgage and taxes on the marital residence (Domestic Relations Law § 236[B][5-a][c][2][a][ii] ), as well as the defendant's car insurance.
Unfortunately, until the Court of Appeals hears a case involving these issues, it is likely that there will not be uniformity among the trial court decisions. If you are non-monied spouse, you have nothing to lose by making a request for carrying costs of the marital residence, provided that there is financial wherewithal on the part of the monied spouse. Ultimately, a decision of whether such additional should be requested should be made on case by case basis.
Posted on September 7, 2014 Categories divorce, Domestic Relations Law, Family Law, maintenance, New York Law, procedure, Supreme CourtTags county, divorce, Domestic Relations Law, Family Law, Livingston, maintenance, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, procedure, rochester ny divorce lawyer, Supreme Court, temporary maintenance, WayneLeave a comment on Temporary Maintenance and Payment of Additional Expenses by Monied Spouse
Standard of Living, Diminished Income, Spousal Maintenance and Child Support
The courts in New York have had some difficulty dealing with situations were a claim of recently diminished income has been presented to the court in response to a temporary spousal support application. In most situations, the courts would either impute income or deny downward modification. The courts have been concerned with the parties' standard of living for the non-monied spouse and the children despite the claims of the income-producing spouse of diminished resources and/or income. One trial decision, S.A. v. L.A., 2 Misc.3d 7441 (Sup. Ct. Westchester Co.), illustrates the situation where the present financial situation – the husband earning a lot less income than existed throughout the marriage, has led the court consider present circumstances and to caution the non-monied spouse that she would have to deal with a new economic reality.
In considering interim spousal support, the court had to determine if it would apply the husband's 2012 income of $819,049 or his far lesser annualized 2013 income imputed at $240,000. The husband was 56 years old and employed in the financial services industry. The wife was 64 years old stay-at-home wife and mother, who has not had any significant for 23 years of the marriage. The husband claimed that he was terminated from his old job through no fault of his own and he was forced to find new employment at a much lower rate of pay. The wife argued that he had voluntarily left his former employment.
The court had to address the principles of utilizing the current income as opposed to the income on the last tax return on a presumptive temporary maintenance calculation. The court determined that according to the language of the Domestic Relations Law §240 (1-b) (b) (5), the income rules applicable in child support proceedings may be used to determine an application for temporary spousal maintenance, as is available for interim child support.
The second part of the court's analysis, and of great significance, was the court's view of the parties' present diminished financial situation from their historic standard of living even as measured by the immediately preceding year. The reduction in the family's income from the husband's 2012 adjusted gross income of $819,049.00 to the annualized 2013 income of $240,000.00, was accepted by the court. As result, instead of presumptive temporary support of $17,000.00 per month as requested by the wife, the court awarded $5,737.00 per month. The court further found that with the requested amount of $17,000.00 exceeded the wife's legitimate monthly expenses, rendering the presumptive award unjust and inappropriate. The court ruled that the issue of whether the husband had been discharged or voluntarily separated from his old employment was reserved for trial.
In its decisions, the court stated that:
The court recognizes that the spousal support provisions in this decision and order will greatly affect the parties' respective post-separation standards of living. They need to consider the financial predicament they are in, and how to deal with the future. They are now suffering the consequences of their prior high standard of living. It is beyond dispute that two cannot live as cheaply as one, and that "hardship" at any economic level follows drastic losses of income. It is time for the parties to recognize the financial reality they may well face in the future, given their ages, work experience and future prospects for employment. The court urges that the parties' focus should be on financial planning with asset and debt liquidation. The continuance of this costly litigation will not heal their wounds, both economic and emotional, already suffered, but rather will exacerbate them.
The decision in S.A. v L.A. illustrates that during the difficult economic times, the parties may have to temper their expectations. If a monied spouse can not earn past levels of income through no fault of his or her own, the non-monied spouse is likely to have to share the hardship as well.
Posted on July 5, 2014 Categories court orders, divorce, Domestic Relations Law, imputed income, maintenance, New York Law, Supreme CourtTags calculations, divorce, Domestic Relations Law, income, interim spousal support, Livingston, maintenance, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, procedure, rochester ny divorce lawyer, standard of living, Supreme Court, temporary maintenance, WayneLeave a comment on Standard of Living, Diminished Income, Spousal Maintenance and Child Support
Updates to New York's Child Support Standards Chart
According to the Child Support Standards Chart, prepared by New York State Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance, Division of Child Support Enforcement, and released March 12, 2014, the 2014 poverty income guideline amount for a single person as reported by the United States Department of Health and Human Services is $11,670 and the 2014 self-support reserve is $15,755. These numbers are highly relevant for child support calculations and may have a role in determining child support arrears in situations where payor's income is less than the guideline amount for a single person. The Chart is found at this link. The Child Support Standards Chart is released each year on or before April 1.
Additionally, as required by the Child Support Standards Act, the combined parental income amount used to calculate basis economic support has been changed to $141,000. This figure is adjusted every two years (effective January 31st) based on the average annual percent changes to the federal Department of Labor's Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers. The basic economic support figure is highly relevant in the cases where combined parental income is substantially in excess of it since the court may utilize parental income in excess of the basic economic support figure under appropriate circumstances.
Posted on May 3, 2014 Categories Child Support Standards Act, divorce, Domestic Relations Law, Family Court, Family Law, New York Law, procedure, Supreme CourtTags basic economic support cap, child support, child support guidelines, Child Support Standards Act, county, Domestic Relations Law, Family Court, Family Law, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, procedure, rochester ny child support lawyer, rochester ny divorce lawyer, Supreme Court, WayneLeave a comment on Updates to New York's Child Support Standards Chart


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Slovenes in the AH Navy – Civil and Millitary
Recently I've come across a book that is rather rare here – because of it's nature. It is called Slovenci v vojnah 593 – 1918, the author is Roger Gogala. It's describing the millitary history of the Slovenes from the year 593 (first mentioned battle of our ancestors) up until 1918 (end of World War 1). It is certainly an interesting work, a clear contra to the false opinion that Slovenes were no millitary nation. True, we had no own army for a long time, but our ancestors were known as loyal and courageous soldiers in many different fights across the world – from Mexico to China, performing in all millitary branches.
Anyhow, I was very surprised by the part of the book that is describing the quite important and numerous role of Slovenes in the old Imerial Austrian and later Austo-Hungarian Navy.
Acording to dr. Miroslav Pahor's researches first evidence of Slovene ship owners and sailors comes from the 14th and 15th century thought this period remains badly researched and we have to wait until the 19th century to find more information about Slovenes at sea. So we have the number of 122 Slovene ships in the Adriatic sea between the years 1841 and 1913, which is quite a lot considering the size of our nation in that time and the strong general continental orientation. The Slovenes to own the ships were mostly from the Littoral, Carniola and Carinthia. Between the owners of those 122 ships were also 14 women.
picture showing international troops of countries who helped fight the Boxer rebelion – Austro-Hungarians between the Germans and Italians
A merchant naval school was opened in Trst in 1754 and between the years 1804 to 1914 (earlier notes are rare because the archives are incomplete) 556 Slovene students and later merchant ship commanders are recorded. Of course that is not the total number as there were also schools in Mali Lošinj, Kotor, Dubrovnik and Split. Sadly the book gives us no info about those schools.
Also interesting is that in the years 1812 – 1918 there were 160 admirals of the Austrian Navy. About 40 were titled admirals only as members of the imerial court as children and had no role in the Navy. From the remaining 120, 44 were from the Slovene lands (oposed to that, there were only 2 Slovene marshals in the Austro-Hungarian Army). There is also data for 45.000 Slovene sailors total for the period, of which 10.000 were officers. That leaves us with 5 Slovene sailors on every Slovene officer – an average that was beaten only by the Czech, who were considered great engineers in that time. Other services that were also important and were taking an important part in the naval affairs aren't counted in, so the actual number, again is higher than mentioned. From the 27 ship commanders in the famous Battle at Vis 6 were Slovenes.
In 1848 the Danish admiral von Dahlerup was named commander of the Austrian Navy. He came incognito to Trst and watched Slovene fishermen how they handled their ships and performed their work. After that he decided to conscript sailors from the area of Trst, Benečija, Kras, Vipava valley, Istria and other Slovene and Croatian lands. He raised 16.000 men in 10 days. Those sailors became the force with which von Dahlerup then organised the successful blockade of Venice. During this blockade also the first bombardemend (from baloons) in history took place. Slovene sailors were the most decorated in this action. After the successful blockade action even more Slovenes joined the Navy.
Archduke Ferdinand Max (later shot Mexican emperor) continued with the raising of Slovenes and Croats for the Navy. He wanted to change the proportion of the Italians in the Navy as they have proven distrusful in the revolutionary year 1848.
Fighting the Italians at Vis
A "big player" in the Navy was also viceadmiral Willhelm von Tegetthoff, born in Maribor (his mother was Leopoldina Čermak, a Slovene). He is the winner of the battles at Helgoland and at Vis, where he defeated the Italian fleet. In the battle the Italians proved once again they were simply cowards, unable of proper military fighting. The Battle at Vis took place on a Friday and a short conversation in Slovene was recorded between Tegetthoff and an older Slovenian skipper, whom he asked about his opinion about the outcome of the battle. The skipper answered "it's friday, herr Admiral, friday" but Tegetthoff responded "true, but it's friday for the Italians aswell!" – Friday or not, the battle was won.
Tegetthoff at Vis
Perhaps the marburgian Rupert Pivec is worth mentioning since he was first class superintendant during ww1. That means he was responsible for the purchases of all arsenal stock of the Navy, under which was food, ammunition, spare parts etc. At the end of the war he was a representative of the State of SCS, responsible for the licvidation of the Austrian war ministry's naval section.
Rupert Pivec
From 1913 to 1917 fleet commander of the Austro-Hungarian Navy was Grand Admiral Anton Haus from Tolmin. He took part in the suppresion of the Boxer uprising and favoured unrestricted submarine fwarfare during ww1. He died in Pulj in 1917 but his remains were transfered to Vienna in 1925 due to the Italians taking Pulj after the war.
Anton Haus
At the end of ww1 Emperor Karl gave the Austrian ships and coastal forts to the new State of SCS as a gift. The Pulj harbor was opened for everyone which the Italians abused for a cowardly attack at night on the ship Viribus Unitis (renamed to Jugoslavija) though the hostilities were already over. Later the said they didn't knew about it, but that is clearly a lie as the Italian historic sources confirm that they had reccieved a message about the ending of hostilities from Pulj already one day before the attack. Between 250 and 350 men were killed on board of the sunken ship. During the whole war the Italians didn't dare any naval attacks on Austrian harbors. This actual says enough of their ways of fighting …
Here I end the article, although Slovne naval history continues into both Yugoslavias with notable heroes as Sergej Mašera and numerous admirals and other sailors. The spirit of our ancestors lives on, among others also in the battleship Triglav which is currently helping the Italian Navy around Lampedusa.
Sergej Mašera
shipsslovenia
Slovenian Rokovnjači – magic power in cut off children's hands
People and customs in Slovenian Alps
6# Perfect Slavic Cars 22€ 19.98€

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


ASDSC sponsors a very successful festival in the 3rd weekend of Oct. each year called Harvest Hoedown.
or it can be low impact, low aerobic.
There is a speed and energy level for everyone. It is a great way for young people to meet in a healthy, drug and alcohol free, environment.
We provide one location to find area dances, events, festivals, and how to become a part of this fun filled activity!


text:
FROM tianon/docker-master:experimental

# https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/master/project/PACKAGERS.md#runtime-dependencies
RUN apk add --update \
		btrfs-progs \
		e2fsprogs \
		iptables \
		xz \
	&& rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*

# TODO aufs-tools

ENV DIND_COMMIT b8bed8832b77a478360ae946a69dab5e922b194e

RUN wget "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/docker/${DIND_COMMIT}/hack/dind" -O /usr/local/bin/dind \
	&& chmod +x /usr/local/bin/dind

COPY dockerd-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/

VOLUME /var/lib/docker
EXPOSE 2375

ENTRYPOINT ["dockerd-entrypoint.sh"]
CMD []

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Jeep Avenger has been selected as the 2023 Car of the Year
In 2023, the Jeep Avenger won Europe's highest automotive honor, the Car of the Year title. In the world of motorsports, a piece of paper is said to be worth just as much as experts give out awards and titles. The brand-new Jeep Avenger is the deserving recipient of the Car of the Year 2023 trophy, which was just presented to the company at the start of the new year.
The award has been given out since 1964, making it the oldest and one of the most prestigious in Europe and the world. The American automaker's electric model scored 328 points, besting the BMW X1, the Lotus Emira, the Range Rover, the Lexus RZ, and the Volkswagen ID Buzz, among others, in a jury of 59 automotive journalists representing 22 European countries.
Jeep is working to become the market leader in zero-emission SUVs. This groundbreaking model is a crucial part of the company's worldwide electrification strategy and the introduction of a portfolio of capable, right-sized all-electric cars for Europe.
After 58 years of awards presentations, the Jeep Avenger finally takes home the Car of the Year trophy. The SUV is a one-of-a-kind mix of capabilities, aesthetics, functionality, and technology, and it was designed and manufactured to retain Jeep DNA.
The new Jeep Avenger is manufactured in the Stellantis plant in Tychy, Poland. It has Selec-Terrain and standard Hill Descent Control, along with the vehicle's exceptional approach, departure angles, and high angles ground clearance, providing impressive capabilities.
When it comes to electrification, the newly crowned 2023 Car of the Year features a lithium-ion battery pack with a 54 kWh capacity and a brand-new electric motor.
It takes three minutes to charge a vehicle to 30 kilometers using a 100 kW DC Mode 4 cable linked to public fast charging. Moreover, a full charge from 0% to 80% capacity takes 24 minutes.
The Jeep Avenger electric SUV has broken new ground in the electric vehicle market, providing 404 kilometers of range on a single charge and producing 156 hp and 260 Nm of torque.
The Car of the Year 2023 has been pre-sale since last November for the low price of 35,100 euros.
By gerane on Sat, 01/21/2023 - 21:47
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So many people love the idea of hitching up and heading out to explore this amazing backyard of ours. Once you start your investigation and see that some camper-trailers cost more than your car, it starts to look like you need to go into massive overdraft just to get a weekend away and the initial excitement wears off.
basic camper-trailer for under $16,000. Yes, that's right, for $15,999 you can pick up a camper-trailer and hit the road.
We took a Nipper Teardrop Trailer out for a few days to see what all the hype was about and how easy it actually is to enjoy.
You know you have a good thing going for you when, within the first 12 hours of being on the road, you are flagged down and asked about the camper-trailer you are towing.
The Nipper Teardrop Campers are built on solid foundations of hot-dipped galvanised chassis with a 75 x 50 mm drawbar, LED lights, 15-inch wheels and tyres and a flip-up jockey wheel.
The inside timbers have two coats of polyurethane. All the underside timber is rubber bitumen coated prior to installation, with solid insulation between the roof and ceiling – keeping it cosy in the cooler times. With the cross-opening doors and windows, the teardrop is cool in summer too.
All the windows and doors have bug-proof netting so all the little flying critters are kept outside.
The optional extra FoxWing awning is fantastic as it unfolds and gives you at least half the trailer undercover – and it only takes a couple of minutes to open up.
The kitchen pulls out easily and you have a fair bit of space for your basic cooking essentials. The pull-out can be leant on without it drooping.
With a standard 30-litre fridge and lunchbox stove you have everything you need. While you might not qualify for an MKR episode, you will easily cook up a memorable meal.
If the weather is bad or you need a midnight snack you can easily access the fridge and kitchen from inside the cabin (by lifting the lids on the shelf at the foot of the bed) and you can help yourself.
The 120-watt roof-mounted solar panel charges the 80Ah AGM battery, with enough power to keep the fridge and the interior and exterior LED lights running for a couple of days without connecting to mains power – giving you the option to free-camp when you want to.
You have to remember this is an entry-level camper-trailer so it has the bare essentials; but the big plus is you can add on to it. A standard set-up has only 12V outlets, but for a little bit extra you can have 240V outlets put in.
The beauty about this little red devil is you can do a quick stopover and all you have to do is open a door and climb into bed. It's like a bedroom on wheels.
Now I am no princess, but I do feel that pea. I am used to a nice ultra-comfy mattress at home, yet to me the joy of touring is to rough it a bit so I can appreciate the luxuries of home. The mattress that comes with the Nipper is good but at 75mm it is really basic. Oh boy, I am soft. I needed to have a really good stretch in the morning to iron out the creaky muscles. But there is an easy fix: All you need is a mattress topper and it will be perfect for even the most precious prince or princess.
The limited internal storage may be a hindrance to those who like to bring a complete wardrobe for every occasion, but the front trailer tub and the option to add internal shelving gives you enough space to store everything you need for a weekend or a longer trip.
What we really enjoyed was that even though there's no space on either side of the bed, having a door on each side means there's no climbing over anyone to get to the other side of the bed – you can just open your door and climb in or out.
All in all, the simple design has merit. If storage is not a priority and you want the basics when camping, this Teardrop Nipper is the way to go. What I really like about this model is the fact that it is super-light at 450kg Tare; and I can have a basic model and then modify and upgrade it as I want it (not how a manufacturer thinks I want it) and it will be unique to me, plus a 12-month factory warranty..


text:
Gov. Reynolds orders flags at half-staff in honor of Pearl Harbor Day
Gov. Kim Reynolds ordered all flags in Iowa at half-staff from sunrise to sunset on Monday, Dec. 7, in honor of Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day.
"We must never forget the true cost of freedom," said Gov. Reynolds. "On December 7, we pause and honor the 2,403 service members and civilians who lost their lives in Pearl Harbor, and reverently give thanks to all those who continue to defend our way of life, at home and abroad. We must never forget that America remains the greatest country on Earth because of those who are willing to lay down their life to defend it."
Flags will be flown at half-staff on the State Capitol Building and on flag displays in the Capitol Complex. Flags will also be half-staff on all public buildings, grounds and facilities throughout the state.
Individuals, businesses, schools, municipalities, counties and other government subdivisions are encouraged to fly the flag at half-staff for the same length of time as a sign of respect.


text:
Signs/Intuition
Tame the Chaos
Mind Body Healing
Monthly Book Picks
Tag: paul Scheele
Paul Scheele: Align Your Mind & Body
Posted on by Tammy
By Jennifer McCartney
With the breakthrough technology of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) and whole brain learning you can improve any aspect of your life – even while you are sleeping. Author, co-founder of Learning Strategies Corp., and founder of Scheele Learning Systems, Paul R. Scheele, Ph.D., joined Tammy Mastroberte, founder of Elevated Existence Magazine, for the "Living an Elevated Existence Mind, Body & Soul Summit Season 2," to teach us how we can reprogram our brains to reach our highest potential.
Scheele explained we've all been preprogrammed—often in a negative way—by society, which dictates how we feel about ourselves, our work and our relationships. Most of us don't question this programming, and we just accept it unquestioningly.
"We're often stopped from exploring and developing our true genius as we become adults," he said. "We get through school, and we are programmed into what's called 'the socialized mind.'"
Sheele compared the preprogrammed brain to a computer that's been infected with a virus. "We were raised to be obedient to the society that raised us, and we have accepted many of our programs unquestioningly," he said. Maybe we now believe we're bad at math, or that we can't lose weight, or that we'll never find a job. These become our default settings, and our brains don't even try to solve the problem.
"We try to use the stuff we were given and when it doesn't work we think, 'oh I'm broken,' or we look at society, and we think that society's broken," he noted. What we need is to identify the virus in our mind or the pre-programming we have accepted, and get rid of it. We can reprogram the brain using a variety of tools, including NLP so that our brain functions differently—more productively, and more in line with our highest self.
We all need to start by asking: "What are the voices in your head telling you?" said Scheele.
Rather than get stuck in what he called "the socialized mind," we can become the author of our own mind, which Scheele calls "the self-authoring mind," and ultimately, we can progress to what developmental psychologists call "the self-transforming mind."
"That's what we're really encouraging here … people not just authoring their minds, but learning to transform their lives," he explained. "We can make profound changes in our lives almost instantaneously."
Three Brain Tools
In order to reprogram out brain, we need to understand how it works. The brain runs on three things:
1.Concentration or focus. This is what we focus on during our daily lives. If we're meditating and focusing on breaking old thought patterns, our brain will respond accordingly. If we're spending all our time focusing on the same old thought patterns—that's our brain running on default. We can choose what we focus on.
2. Imagination. Our brain will create what it is that we focus our attention on. We need to step into this full representation of what we imagine. If we can "see" it in our mind's eye we can transform it into reality.
3. Suggestion. This is what we suggest to ourselves or the suggestions we receive from others. For example, if we are in an abusive marriage where we are told that we're worthless, not good enough, not worthy of love over and over, then we learn to accept that as the truth. Even if we escape we still have these programs running in your brain—these suggestions need to be deprogrammed. "Anytime anyone says 'I can't,' they're right. They're absolutely programming that," said Scheele.
The brain responds to these three powerful tools, but most of us don't actually access the full power and potential our brains possess. We cruise along, instead of using the built in "turbochargers" that can get us where we need to go. In order to rise to the next stage of consciousness, "we have to subject our ideas to inquiry," Scheele said. "You get more of what you reinforce."
Once we've begun to positively program your brain and use it at its full potential, and are able to move into the self-authoring and self-transforming mind, we'll find ourselves interacting differently in our family systems, work systems, and even in our church or community. We will find ourselves naturally assuming a leadership role. We will feel more self-confidence because we believe in ourselves, because that is how we are programmed.
"The change is coming from within you," he said. "It's not an act of willpower. It feels natural."
For more from Paul and the other 25 experts in mind, body and spirit topics, sign up FREE to Season 2 of the Living an Elevated Existence Summit.
change the brainelevated existenceelevated existence summitlearning systemsliving an elevated existence summitneuro linguistic programmingnlpparaliminalspaul Scheeleprogram the brainrewire the braintammy mastroberteLeave a comment
Paul Scheele: Optimizing the Brain for Successful Relationships
What if you could reprogram your mind to be happy no matter what, to improve your self-esteem and to become magnetic to people around you so all your relationships could improve?
Paul Scheele, co-founder of Learning Strategies Corp., combined his background in biology, human development, neuro-linguistic programming (NLP), accelerate learning and more, to help other achieve the results they want in relationships, work, money and health, easier and faster then through traditional methods. He is an expert on learning how to tap the other 90% of the mind (the subconscious) and his work has been used by several well-know, peak performance experts such as Jack Canfield, Tony Robbins, Ken Blanchard and Brian Tracy.
Speaking on the Living an Elevated Existence Mind, Body & Soul Summit, Scheele explained how we can reprogram our brain to improve relationships in both our business and personal life, rather than running on the old programs set years ago.
"What we can do is install more positive, more functional strategies within us that allow us to get the results we truly desire," Scheele said on the call, explaining most of us are operating on the dysfunctional programs given to us by our family, society, religion, etc. "If [the mind] is running on autopilot, the autopilot has been trained historically in an unquestioning way. We have accepted a lot of programming of our culture, which contains a lot of blind spots."
Scheele explained how the different parts of the brain operate, including the part known as the reptilian, which gets activated when we are afraid for our safety, and around that, the mammalian or limbic system, devoted to emotional safety. There is also the neocortex, devoted to judging and making sure our reality stays in tact, he explained.
"The exciting thing being discovered by researchers today – the next evolutionary step – is called the prefrontal cortex or frontal orbital cortex, and this is where we are actually living into the emerging future," he said on the call. "If we can learn to make values-based decisions, rather then decisions based on fear, worry and doubt, then we are transcending and moving into what our full potential is — what is really trying to emerge."
Using NLP, Holosync technology and his expertise in preconscious processing and accelerated learning, Scheele developed Paralminial technology – an idea that came to him in 1976 before the technology was available to carry out his ideas.
"In 1981, my business partner and I had a cassette recorder with stereo microphones, and one of us what speaking in one channel and the other in another channel. One would do a guided visualization, and in the other ear the person was guiding the listener in a step-by-step process of change," Scheele said.
A similar technique is used today, but with the sophisticated digital recording available, the Paraliminal technology is even better. "It uses neuro-linguistic programming and language, speaking to both sides of your brain simultaneously to access that vast non-conscious mind and put you in touch with the resources to accomplish what you want," Scheele explained. "These go right into contact with those resources already within you."
For the Living an Elevated Existence Summit, Scheele put together a package of four paraliminals – Instantaneous Personal Magnetism, Self-Esteem Super Charger, Positive Relationships and Happy for No Reason – along with two videos, including "Love and Long Life," with bestselling author and relationship expert Dr. John Gray. Summit listeners can purchase the package for 60 percent off the retail price.
Recipe for Successful Relationships
When looking at the word 'relationship,' the key part of is 'relating,' said Scheele, who shared his four core abilities for relating. These are:
1. Kindness, Compassion and Appreciation – "Very often we are raised with very shame-based ways of communicating. 'What is wrong with you? Can't you do anything right? I hear you, but you're wrong.' How do we tap in to see the awakened self in another," he said, explaining the Indian tradition of placing our hands on our chest and saying Namaste is about the divinity in us seeing the divinity in another. "So this idea of developing kindness, compassion and appreciation for another is so huge."
2. Accepting Personal Responsibility – We need to move from being dependent in relationships to interdependence, said Scheele. We are the creator of our own happiness and need to take responsibility for that rather than relying on another person.
"A real, healthy relationship is one which is an interdependent partnership. So we are eliminating helplessness, and we are really realizing our true power as individuals," he said. "We feel that it's better to be with each other. We are stronger. We have more fun, and it's companionship. But if you don't' fulfill your 50 percent of the relationship, I'm not 50 percent lost. We each come into the relationship at 100 percent."
3. Choose Honest Self-Reflection and Truthfulness – Choosing honest self reflection and truthfulness requires a certain amount of vulnerability, and in her studies, bestselling author Brene Brown found the one thing that correlates with overcoming shame is vulnerability, Scheele shared. What is requires is to reflect and go for the truth with ourselves and in our relationships.
When we have done something we feel bad about, often we choose not to tell our partner because we don't want to hurt them. However, we are then living a lie, which takes a lot of energy, he noted. Instead we can speak from a place of truth.
We can say, "I really want to share with you something that I don't' feel good about. I feel sorry that I did it, and I would like to make it right with you, and I understand that if you can't tolerate the thought that I've done this and you need to leave the relationship, then that is my responsibility, and I get it. You need to take care of yourself but here it is," said Scheele.
4. Honor the Space Between Us as Unique – "I have me and you have you, and when we come together, there is a space between us that is 'we' or 'us,' and there is a mutual benefit of being here intentionally," he explained. "It's not important what emerges between our ears, it's what is between our noses, and that is what is called presencing. It's being present and sensing what is emerging that is more valuable then me living my life alone and you living your life alone."
For more from Paul Scheele, and 25 other mind, body and spirit experts, register for the FREE Living an Elevated Existence Summit & get 4 Bonus Gifts!
changing the subconscious mindimproving relationshipslaw of attractionlearning strategiesparaliminal technologyparaliminalspaul Scheelerelationship rehabreprogramming the mindretraining the brainself-esteemthe subconscious mindLeave a comment
Money Mindfest Will Teach You How to Live in Abundance, Starting Oct. 21
What do you think about when money comes up? Do you immediately think about not having enough? Money is energy, and whether you realize it or not, it is available to you right now, and there is always enough.
Beginning October 21 Joe Vitale, Paul R. Scheele and Jack Canfield are coming together to offer you six days of breakthrough audio sessions featuring solid and practical advice, techniques, and processes to lessen financial stress and increase your personal wealth.
It's called the Money Mindfest – and it's FREE!
You will learn to combine the powerful forces of attraction and creation with the powerful resources of your subconscious mind to:
• Automatically align with the universe… instead of working to make it happen
• Systematically manifest your desires… instead of merely thinking about it
• Quickly get what you want… instead of waiting for it to show up
A Free Pass is available at: www.MoneyMindfest.com, so sign up today!
attracting abundanceattracting moneyJack Canfieldjoe vitalemoney mindfestpaul ScheeleLeave a comment
Subscribe FREE Now!
Receive 4 issues per year of the 5-time award-winning Elevated Existence Magazine FREE!
Tammy Mastroberte Unveils Her New Meditation Space
Elevated Existence Founder Tammy Mastroberte unveils her new meditation space, what she included in it, and how she used feng shui to balance it.
Copyright © 2023 Elevated Existence LLC


text:
Coronavirus: SoCal couple recounts wife's ordeal battling COVID-19, followed by 'miraculous' recovery
"I had got the bad news at one point -- they didn't think she was going to make it," her husband said. "But, you know, miracles happen."
A Southern California woman nearly lost her battle with COVID-19 but made a 'miraculous' recovery.
IRVINE, Calif. (KABC) -- A Southern California woman nearly lost her battle with COVID-19 but made a remarkable recovery. Her husband, a pastor, had lived through his own near-death experience nearly two decades ago, and now both are celebrating their health.
The staff at Kaiser Permanente Irvine Medical Center gave Chriselda Davis a joyful sendoff when she was discharged.
"I feel good," she later told ABC7 in an interview from the couple's home, where she celebrated her 46th birthday after being released from the hospital. "Every day I'm getting stronger."
Her husband Tony was by her side after a nearly monthlong battle with COVID-19.
Chriselda said the couple attended church on March 14 -- before any stay-at-home orders were issued. Soon after, flu-like symptoms set in.
Opening Up America Again: Breaking down new guidelines on how to reopen US economy amid coronavirus outbreak
"I was having fever, chills really bad cough," she said.
Tony said they would soon learn 10 other people at the church service tested positive for the coronavirus.
"We took the test .. and they said, 'Look, bring her in right away," he recalled.
She entered the emergency room on March 22. "My breathing had slowed down a whole lot," Chriselda said. Her condition quickly worsened.
"She said, 'Babe, I can't breathe,'" Tony said, his voice choked with emotion, 'and it broke my heart and I said, 'Chris, we're going to pray.'"
Chriselda was sedated on a ventilator for 11 days, with a medical team caring for her.
"When I was speaking with Mr. Davis, trying to relay that she's still critically ill but we have hope," said Kaiser's Dr. Susie Yim Yeh, who specialized in pulmonary diseases.
SoCal mom in desperate search of COVID-19 plasma donor for husband, 32, in critical condition
A Southern California woman is in a desperate fight to save her 32-year-old husband, who is in critical condition and is need of a plasma donation.
Tony, a pastor, prayed outside the hospital.
"I had got the bad news at one point -- they didn't think she was going to make it. But, you know, miracles happen," he said, then turned to his wife. "We have a house full of miracles, babe."
"Yes," she agreed.
Tony is a survivor himself. In 2003 he was shot five times by gang members.
"I died for 30 minutes and I had an out-of-body experience," he said. "I saw heaven. God said, 'This is not your time.' He sent me back with a message of forgiveness and triumph over tragedy."
The gospel singer got his voice back and made a full recovery.
"I'm a miracle man," he said. "They called me a miracle man."
Some would now use that word to describe his wife's recovery.
"I still can't walk too far without being out of breath," Chriselda said, "but God brought me this far, and he hasn't brought me this far to leave me now."
HEALTH & FITNESS IRVINE ORANGE COUNTY CORONAVIRUS CALIFORNIA CORONAVIRUS HOSPITAL KAISER PERMANENTE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC CORONAVIRUS ORANGE COUNTY COVID 19


text:
Q: Python Requests json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Extra data for valid json I have a pandas data frame that I am converting to a list of dicts, and then trying to send those to an API using the request module. A sample of the json:
[{
    "street": "43 street road",
    "secondary": "",
    "city": "city",
    "state": "st",
    "zipcode": "12345",
    "match": "invalid",
    "candidates": "1"
}, {
    "street": "65 road ave",
    "secondary": "",
    "city": "city",
    "state": "st",
    "zipcode": "12345",
    "match": "invalid",
    "candidates": "1"
}, {
    "street": "123 road street",
    "secondary": "815",
    "city": "city",
    "state": "st",
    "zipcode": "12345",
    "match": "invalid",
    "candidates": "1"
}]

and here is the code I am trying to use to send it to the API
import requests

auth_id = 'id'
auth_token = 'token'
url = f'https://us-street.api.smartystreets.com/street-address?auth-id={auth_id}&auth-token={auth_token}'

some_pd_addresses = pd.DataFrame(some_file_path)

dict_addresses = some_pd_addresses.to_dict(orient='records')

Headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Accept':'application/json'}
r = requests.post(url, json = json.dumps(dict_addresses[1:11]), headers=Headers)

When I execute this code, I get the error: json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Extra data: line 1 column 5 (char 4) even though I can run this JSON through a Linter to confirm that it is a valid JSON. Where am I going wrong?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Localbanya Temporarily Suspends Operations, Has No Defined Timeline for Relaunch
Posted on October 9, 2015 by admin	in Network Providers
Mumbai-based online convenience store Localbanya has temporarily suspended operations to upgrade its technology and services.
"Your banya is upgrading his technology and services. We will be back shortly with more exciting features and a far better delivery experience. We can't wait for you to experience the new and improved Localbanya," a statement posted on their website says.
Localbanya's Facebook page hasn't been updated since the first of October. On its Twitter page, a social media representative said that the firm has no defined timeline for when the operations will resume.
Founded in 2012 by Karan Mehrotra, Rashi Choudhary, and Amit Naik, Localbanya raised $5 million (roughly Rs. 32 crores) in its Series A funding in January 2014.
Localbanya's operations cover Mumbai (including Thane & Navi Mumbai), Pune, Hyderabad, Delhi, Noida, Ghaziabad, and Gurgaon.
According to news reports, the company is likely to downsize, and employee salaries have not been paid for two months.
Emails sent by Gadgets360 to the founders to confirm or deny the allegations went unanswered. A spokesperson for Localbanya did not comment on the development, but offered the same boilerplate statement posted on the website.
According to startup data tracker Tracxn, Around 25 grocery delivery companies in India have cumulatively raised over $160 million (roughly Rs. 1037 crores) in the last 10 months.
The biggest funded players in the grocery space include Bengaluru-based BigBasket, which raised $50 million (roughly Rs. 325 crores) in a Series C funding round in August, Delhi-based Grofers, which raised $35 million (roughly Rs. 226 crores), and Peppertap, which closed a Series B funding round of $36 million (roughly Rs. 233 crores).
Prev: India Funding Roundup
Next: Just Cause 3 On A Mission Trailer Released
Neotel, Vodafone Renegotiating Acquisition Deal
Airtel Rs. 419 Recharge With 1.4GB Data Per Day for 75 Days Launched to Take on Jio
Idea Says Has Provisioned More Interconnection Points for Reliance Jio


text:
Forêts est une pièce de théâtre crée en mars 2006 par le dramaturge francophone Wajdi Mouawad. Après Littoral (1998) et Incendies (2003), mais avant Ciels (2009), Forêts se présente comme le troisième volet de la tétralogie intitulée Le Sang des Promesses. Ce drame contemporain, qui emprunte tout autant à la tragédie antique qu'à l'épopée, au mélodrame, au polar, au thriller d'espionnage et au récit d'initiation, est joué pour la première fois en 2006 à l'Espace Malraux – Scène Nationale de Chambéry et de la Savoie et est éditée pour la première fois chez Actes Sud à Arles et chez Leméac à Montréal la même année de sa représentation.

La logique d'ensemble du Sang des Promesses s'est révélée peu à peu à son auteur comme une évidence sourde et élémentaire : « je réalisais que si Littoral était l'histoire d'un fils devant son père, Incendies était celle d'une fille devant sa mère. La forme des deux spectacles me donnait l'impression d'une continuité dans l'idée d'un théâtre de récit, épique et tragique. Alors, comme Incendies était le feu et Littoral, l'eau, je me suis amusé à imaginer la terre et l'air, ce qui a donné naissance à cette impression de tétralogie qui, avec Forêts, s'est confirmée ».

La pièce

Intrigue
Forêts est le récit de sept femmes liées par le sang et séparées par le temps. L'histoire, de 1870 à aujourd'hui, est portée par la plus jeune d'entre elles :  le personnage de Loup, une jeune québécoise de seize ans qui, à la suite de la mort de sa mère Aimée, remonte le fil de ses origines afin d'élucider les mystères de sa famille et de retrouver les vérités du passé. Au cours de sa quête, elle découvre un enchaînement douloureux de promesses tenues et oubliées, d'amours impossibles, d'enfances cadenassées, de silences, d'abandons et de folies.

Les personnages et leurs caractéristiques

Alexandre Keller
Alexandre Keller est un riche industriel alsacien ayant choisi en 1873 la nationalité allemande, et dont les mines et les usines emploient des enfants et des animaux maltraités. Il est le père d'Albert Keller, mais également d'Hélène et d'Edgar (de par son amante Odette).

Odette Garine
Odette est la maîtresse d'Alexandre Keller. Elle tombe enceinte d'Alexandre et porte dans son ventre des jumeaux : Hélène et Edgar. Or, Alexandre refuse d'épouser Odette, alors qu'il l'aime, prenant le parti de ne pas vivre son amour pour préserver la famille Keller. Odette, poussée par la vengeance, épouse en secret Albert Keller, le fils d'Alexandre. Odette promet à Alexandre de ne jamais révéler à Albert qui est le véritable père de ses enfants. Elle fait ainsi croire à Albert que les enfants qu'elle porte sont le fruit d'un viol subit dans les mines. Odette et Albert iront s'installer dans une maison au creux d'une forêt. De l'union d'Odette et d'Albert naîtra Edmond.

Albert Keller
Albert Keller est le fils d'Alexandre Keller. Albert, se mariant secrètement avec Odette pour se libérer de son père et pour vivre heureux loin de lui, construit une maison dans la forêt des Ardennes loin de toute civilisation.  La maison dans la forêt est pour lui un lieu utopique hors d'atteinte du monde et de la guerre et permettant d'échapper à l'Histoire. Cette maison deviendra un zoo où les animaux et les humains seront égaux. Albert est ainsi le frère de sang et le père symbolique d'Hélène et d'Edgar, mais également l'amant d'Hélène.

Hélène
Hélène est la fille d'Alexandre Keller et d'Odette. Elle est la jumelle d'Edgar. Hélène, avec son frère, sera élevée par Odette et Albert dans la maison au milieu de la forêt. Convaincue qu'elle est le fruit d'un viol perpétré sur sa mère dans une mine, elle se laisse aimer Albert. Elle partagera son lit avec Albert, c'est-à-dire avec son frère de sang et son père symbolique.

Edgar
Edgar est le fils d'Alexandre Keller et d'Odette. Il est le jumeau d'Hélène. Edgar, ne pouvant trouver le bonheur et l'amour dans le rêve d'Albert et ne pouvant supporter l'union de sa sœur avec ce dernier, décide d'assassiner son père et de violer sa sœur Hélène. Edgar se suicide par la suite.

Edmond (Edmond le girafon)
Edmond est le fils d'Albert Keller et d'Odette. Avant de quitter le zoo, Edmond promet à sa sœur Hélène de ne pas l'abandonner et de revenir la chercher. Ce n'est que trop tard qu'Edmond cherche ce qu'il est advenu du zoo. La folie finit par s'emparer de lui.

Jeanne
Jeanne est la première fille issue de l'union d'Hélène et d'Albert. Elle habite la maison dans la forêt.

Marie
Marie est la seconde fille issue de l'union d'Hélène et d'Albert. Elle habite également la maison dans la forêt.

Léonie
Léonie est la fille d'Hélène et la sœur cadette de Jeanne et Marie. Léonie est aussi la sœur jumelle d'un être monstrueux qui n'est jamais nommé. Leur père pourrait être Albert, mais pourrait également être Edgard (à cause du viol d'Edgar sur sa sœur Hélène à la suite du meurtre d'Albert). Plus tard, Léonie tombera amoureuse de Lucien Blondel, avec qui elle aura un enfant : Ludivine. À la suite de la mort de Lucien, elle donnera Ludivine en adoption. Comme une promesse, elle lui tatouera « Je ne t'abandonnerai jamais » sur le dos. En 1951, Léonie meurt et est enterrée au milieu de la forêt par Edmond.

Lucien Blondel
Lors de la Première Guerre Mondiale, en 1917, le soldat Lucien Blondel déserte le champ de bataille pour se réfugier dans une forêt. Là, il tue son frère Louis et traverse une rivière étrange et obscure. Serpentant au milieu des arbres, il découvre un zoo où trois femmes vivent au milieu des animaux sauvages. Au cœur de ce paradis improbable, Lucien rencontre Léonie avec laquelle il vivra une histoire d'amour « sans se douter que leur union sera, à l'image de ce siècle, le théâtre de douloureuses déchirures». Lucien et Léonie auront un enfant : Ludivine. Lucien fait la promesse à Léonie de la sortir de la forêt et de l'emmener loin avec lui. Or, Lucien meurt dans la fosse en essayant de tuer le frère monstrueux de Léonie et de libérer Hélène, la mère de Léonie.

Ludivine
Ludivine est la fille de Léonie et de Lucien. Elle est peintre. Comme une promesse, la phrase « Je ne t'abandonnerai jamais » est tatouée sur son dos. Ludivine, bien avant Loup, part à la recherche de ses origines. Elle cherche d'abord à retrouver Edmond qui a été témoin d'une partie de son enfance passée dans la maison au milieu de la forêt, sans communication avec le monde extérieur. Ludivine cherche à savoir qui elle est et suppose qu'Edmond peut lui donner cette information. Lors de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, Ludivine appartient à un groupe de résistants : le réseau Cygogne. Non juive et stérile, elle donne son identité et sa vie à son amie Sarah, une juive enceinte.

Sarah
Sarah, comme Ludivine et Samuel, appartient à un réseau de résistance pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. Sarah, juive et enceinte de Luce, accepte d'échanger son identité avec Ludivine pour sauver sa vie.

Samuel
Samuel est l'amant de Sarah et le père de Luce. Il est lié à Damien par une promesse qu'il lui a faite et décide de sacrifier sa vie pour rendre hommage à la mort de son ami.

Luce
Luce est la fille de Sarah et Samuel. Elle pense toutefois être la fille de Ludivine. Luce est la mère biologique d'Aimée.

Achille
Achille est l'amant de Luce et le père biologique d'Aimée.

Aimée Lambert
Aimée est la mère de Loup. Les parents biologiques d'Aimée sont Achille et Luce, alors que ses parents adoptifs sont Marie et Jacques Lambert. Elle est née à Rimouski, mais vit à Montréal. La pièce s'ouvre sur un 16 novembre 1989 à une fête qu'elle lance pour célébrer l'anniversaire de Baptiste, mais aussi pour annoncer à ses amis qu'elle est enceinte d'une petite fille. La même soirée, Aimée fait une crise d'épilepsie où elle voit un soldat de la Première Guerre Mondiale : Lucien Blondel. C'est à la suite d'un examen neurologique qu'elle apprend qu'elle est atteinte d'un mal incurable, son cerveau étant rongé par une tumeur maligne, un cancer déjà très avancé, qui se serait formée autour d'un fragment d'os de crâne humain dont la présence est inexplicable scientifiquement. La chimiothérapie pouvant sauver la mère, mais étant nocive pour le fœtus, l'avortement est fortement conseillé par le médecin. L'évènement du 6 décembre 1989, la tuerie de l'École polytechnique de Montréal, décide de l'existence de Loup. Aimée refuse de tuer une quinzième femme et donne sa vie pour celle de sa fille.

Baptiste
Baptiste est l'amant d'Aimée et le père de Loup.

Loup
Loup, protagoniste du récit, est une jeune rebelle québécoise de seize ans (en 2006) et l'enfant d'Aimée et de Baptiste. Elle est une adolescente marquée par un chagrin et une colère auxquels elle ne comprend rien. Loup fait une promesse à sa mère : quand elle sera morte, elle veillera à ce que l'os soit sorti de sa tête, que l'os et elle-même soient brûlés l'un séparé de l'autre et qu'aucune étude scientifique ne soit effectuée. Loup ne tient pas promesse : des analyses sont faites et révèlent que l'os dans le cerveau d'Aimée est un fragment éclaté d'un crâne humain retrouvé dans le camp de concentration de Dachau en 1946 par le père de Douglas Dupontel. Loup ouvre ainsi une porte sur le passé ténébreux de sa famille et est forcée d'entamer une quête sur les traces et le futur de leur destinée. Elle n'a d'autres choix que de résoudre « l'énigme qui cadenasse son existence».

Douglas Dupontel
Douglas Dupontel est un paléontologue. Il fait une promesse à son père, paléontologue également : il promet de tenter de reconstituer, à son tour, le crâne brisé à coup de marteau d'une femme à Treblinka, auquel il ne manque que l'os de la mâchoire supérieure. Douglas tente ainsi d'achever le travail de son père et de sortir des ténèbres le visage de cette femme tuée violemment. Il sera l'adjuvant de Loup dans sa quête.

Structure

 I – LE CERVEAU D'AIMEE
 1. Oracle ; 2. Examen neurologique ; 3. Radiographies ; 4. Diagnostic ; 5. Des femmes ; 6. Césarienne

 II – LE SANG DE LEONIE
 7. Zoo ; 8. La fosse
 III – LA MACHOIRE DE LUCE
 9. Achille volant ; 10. Luce
 IV – LE VENTRE D'ODETTE
 11. Père et fils ; 12. Passion ; 13. Longue distance ; 14. Edmond le girafon ; 15. Le ventre d'Odette ; 16. Cimetière ; 17. Je ne t'abandonnerai jamais ; 18. Le bonheur des girafes
 V – LA PEAU D'HELENE
 19. Pluie (« Ma mémoire… »)
 VI – LE SEXE DE LUDIVINE
 20. Samuel Cohen ; 21. Sarah Cohen ; 22. Ludivine Davre
 VII – LE CŒUR DE LOUP
 23. Douglas Dupontel ; 24. Le cœur de Loup

Résumé
Lorsque la pièce commence, la catastrophe est déjà survenue, c'est-à-dire qu'elle appartient au passé et qu'elle s'est produite avant l'arrivée de Loup. C'est le devoir de Loup de résoudre l'énigme de son passé familial et d'y « faire le ménage». De fait, l'élément déclencheur de la pièce est lorsque Loup, convaincue par son compagnon de route Douglas Dupontel, accepte de joindre sa volonté à son devoir. Le moment de reconnaissance de Loup par rapport au passé de sa famille est ce qui dénoue le conflit et montre que le protagoniste a trouvé sa place au sein d'une filiation jusque-là inconnue et au sein du monde. L'enterrement d'Aimée, où Loup lit son poème, est la preuve qu'elle est en paix avec sa mère et avec le passé. Elle est ainsi libérée du devoir. La leçon de la fable est donc que, même dans les situations les plus désespérées, il est encore possible de faire des choix. Et c'est en raison de ces choix désormais connus que Loup peut comprendre qu'il n'y a pas eu abandon sur abandon, mais au contraire des enfants sauvés contre toutes les forces mortifères et dominantes. Elle sait, à la fin, qu'elle peut vivre et devenir sujet de son histoire, parce qu'elle est allée chercher un sens du côté des morts oubliés.

Toutefois, pour voir ces symétries éclairantes sous forme de schéma narratif, il faut avoir démêlé les histoires et reconstitué l'histoire. Or celle-ci ne peut s'appréhender que par les chemins de traverse qui mènent au cœur de la forêt, à l'origine de toutes ces forêts, c'est-à-dire au centre de la pièce, directement dans « LE VENTRE D'ODETTE ». Et au centre de ce centre, se trouve à nouveau « Le ventre d'Odette » (15).  Le titre, sur le mode de la mise en abyme, suggère que c'est bien là que les énigmes doivent être posées pour être résolues.

Cadre spatio-temporel
Forêts s'échelonne sur sept générations et met en scène trois guerres (la Guerre franco-allemande de 1870, la Première Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) et la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1939-1945)) ainsi que plusieurs évènements historiques marquants du  siècle comme La chute du Mur de Berlin ou la Tuerie de l'École polytechnique de Montréal.

L'enquête de Loup et de Douglas Dupontel est ainsi spatio-temporelle. De plus, les lieux, au contraire des pièces Littoral, Incendies et Ciels, sont explicitement donnés : la quête de Loup, accompagnée de Douglas, la conduira de Montréal au Bas-Saint-Laurent, de Reims à Metz et à la forêt des Ardennes.

L'histoire de Forêts est ainsi pluriséculaire : on y retrouve un enchâssement des temporalités et des imbrications complexes des époques et des lieux. Cette façon d'enchâsser les temporalités, où la trame narrative dévoile le passé et les actions au présent du protagoniste, est intrinsèquement liée à la représentation et montre l'interconnexion de l'Histoire et du présent.

Un des principes fondateurs de cette œuvre est que le temps de la représentation se divise sur scène entre le temps de la quête (soit le présent des protagonistes) et la représentation d'épisodes appartenant au passé que voit le spectateur, mais que ne voient pas les personnages qui mènent l'enquête. L'écriture et la mise en scène se recoupent de telle manière que certains personnages semblent se parler d'une génération à une autre. Les fantômes qui hantent les esprits de chacun prennent vie et évoluent sur le même plan, et, tout en renforçant l'écart qu'il y a entre eux, ces images scéniques les rendent plus proches. Tout se passe alors comme si ces épisodes relevaient d'une mémoire ignorée par les enfants, mais présente en eux à leur insu. Wajdi Mouawad réunit donc le passé et le présent dans le même espace afin de trouver les clés qui ouvriront les portes d'un avenir serein.

Cette manipulation des temporalités dans la dramaturgie mouawadienne est au service d'une expérience tragique où le poids du passé empêche le héros d'agir si ce n'est pour trouver la cause de son héritage malheureux. Il s'agit ainsi d'un théâtre qui se penche sur des évènements passés et s'inscrit dans une démarche du théâtre contemporain où l'action ne se déroule plus dans un présent absolu, mais consiste en un retour réflexif et interrogatif sur un drame passé et une catastrophe déjà advenue.

Thèmes importants

Retour au passé, aux origines et à la mémoire
Dans Forêts, on retrouve une grande importance donnée à la connaissance du passé, des origines et de la mémoire. Cette connaissance, qui permet de passer de l'oubli à la mémoire, des ténèbres à la lumière et des silences à la parole, n'est possible que grâce à l'acceptation de la quête du retour aux origines par la protagoniste. Or, pour Loup cette anabase (retour aux origines) s'apparente davantage à une catabase (descente aux enfers) puisque dans l'œuvre mouawadienne, les liens de parenté des protagonistes ne relèvent pas de la simplicité : ils sont plutôt tordus, les enfants éprouvant de l'amour et de la haine envers leurs parents à un degré tel que cela donne lieu à des relations incestueuses et à des parricides. Par exemple, dans Forêts, Albert Keller se marie avec Odette Garine pour échapper au pouvoir paternel, mais il ne sait pas que sa femme est enceinte de son propre père, Alexandre Keller. Le couple de nouveaux mariés s'installe dans la forêt des Ardennes où ils font construire un zoo pour y vivre. Albert et Hélène, son enfant illégitime, entretiennent des rapports sexuels alors qu'ils savent que tous les autres membres de la famille sont au fait de leur relation incestueuse. Inévitablement, la jeune femme tombe enceinte. Animé par une fureur meurtrière, Edgar, n'en pouvant plus de ce cirque malsain, poignarde son père pendant qu'il fait l'amour à sa sœur Hélène, pour finalement violer cette dernière : « plantant et replantant et replantant et replantant encore et encore et plus profondément encore et violemment et sans cesse son sexe dans celui de sa jumelle».

Il s'agit également d'une catabase puisque les chemins de la mémoire du sang mènent à une connaissance douloureuse de l'autre et de soi. La quête des origines est aussi une quête identitaire. En effet, les protagonistes mouawadiens sont toujours en quête d'une reconstruction de leur identité, car le passé ou la nomination est partie intégrante de l'identité. En accédant à la connaissance de ses origines, Loup (comme Wilfrid, Jeanne et Simon) trouve une manière d'apaiser le mal être qui la ronge à l'ouverture de la pièce, mais auquel elle n'a pas encore de réponse puisque son monde semble ne lui offrir, de prime abord, aucune échappatoire menant hors du cycle de la violence et de la colère.
Cette idée du retour aux origines et à la mémoire du sang est mise en scène grâce à des épisodes de résurgence du passé que l'on retrouve tout au long de la pièce : même s'ils sont dans un premier temps incompréhensibles, tant pour les spectateurs que pour les personnages, au fur et à mesure qu'avance la quête, les premières scènes de résurgence s'éclairent aux yeux des spectateurs alors qu'elles n'ont pas encore pris sens pour les personnages.

Fatalité, destin et déterminisme
Dans Forêts, le lien de sang est un déterminisme, c'est-à-dire que le présent et les actions de Loup sont liés et déterminés par la chaîne des évènements antérieurs qui ont marqué l'histoire de sa famille. La protagoniste est prisonnière d'une vie inéluctable où le passé dicte le présent comme imposition, dans un contexte où seule l'acceptation de sa quête peut mettre fin au cycle de la violence, de la colère et du chagrin.

On retrouve ici des thèmes antiques faisant ressurgir une nouvelle Antigone ou un nouvel Œdipe, ainsi que l'idée de la faute première qui renvoie à une malédiction à l'image de celle des tragédies grecques sur les Atrides et les Labdacides. Dans cette pièce, le crime initial est celui d'Alexandre Keller sur Odette Garine, puisque ce dernier use de la force et fait d'elle un simple objet. Il a joui d'elle, il la laisse. Son rejet, alors qu'elle est enceinte de ses œuvres, équivaut à un viol symbolique qui recentre le propos sur la structure archaïque essentielle des relations de domination. En ce sens, Loup n'est pas responsable des fautes du passé. Toutefois, la question de la responsabilité, comme dans les tragédies grecques, n'est pas l'essentiel de la quête puisqu'elle ne permet pas d'agir dans le présent et de résoudre le conflit.

Loup, une fois consciente de l'importance de la quête pour le présent et de la nécessité de faire un lien entre le passé et le présent, voudra tordre le cou au destin et casser le fil du malheur. La quête de Loup fait ainsi écho à celle de Ludivine, amorcée des années plus tôt, en 1943, puisque le sacrifice de Ludivine pour Sarah était aussi une façon de se libérer du crime premier et mettre fin à ces générations de douleur. Comme Loup, Ludivine et Sarah désirent elles aussi tordre le cou au destin. Les deux quêtes se répondent sur scène, comme si le passé en appelait au présent.

De fait, Forêts renverse le modèle tragique traditionnel puisque le protagoniste déjoue la fatalité et l'hérédité de la haine pour offrir une rédemption à ses compagnons et à lui-même. Si, dans la tragédie grecque, le protagoniste doit mourir des conséquences de la faute, la pièce de Mouawad crée plutôt un retour à l'équilibre pour le héros, qui échappe à son destin tragique en reconstituant son arbre généalogique, comme le montre le long monologue poétique en fin de pièce.

Les silences et la parole

Les promesses

L'amitié

Analyse et commentaires

Catharsis

Sens de l'œuvre

Sens du titre

Particularités esthétiques

Citations

Première représentation
 Texte et mise en scène :  Wajdi Mouawad
 Distribution :
 Jean Alibert : Edmond
 Yannick Jaulin ou Jean-Sébastien Ouellette : Achille, Albert
 Linda Laplante : Aimée
 Anne-Marie Olivier ou Catherine Larochelle ou Véronique Côté : Ludivine
 Patrick Le Mauff ou Gérald Gagnon : Douglas Dupontel
 Marie-France Marcotte : Léonie, Luce
 Bernard Meney : Baptiste, Alexandre
 Véronique Côté ou Anne-Marie Olivier : Hélène
 Marie-Ève Perron : Loup
 Emmanuel Schwartz : Samuel Cohen
 Olivier Constant ou Guillaume Séverac-Schmitz : Lucien, Edgar

 Assistant à la mise en scène et régie : Alain Roy
 Dramaturgie : François Ismert
 Scénographie : Emmanuel Clolus
 Costumes : Isabelle Larivière
 Lumières : Eric Champoux
 Création son : Michel Maurer
 Musique originale : Michael Jon Fink
 Maquillages : Angelo Barsetti
 Tenue du texte : Valérie Puech
 Production :  Anne Lorraine Vigouroux ou Arnaud Antolinos & Maryse Beauchesne
 Direction technique : Laurent Copeaux

Durée : 4h / en trilogie 3h45

Réceptions et critiques

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Portrait de Wadji Mouawad sur Centre du Théâtre d'Aujourd'hui
 Portrait de Wadji Mouawad sur L'Encyclopédie Canadienne

Pièce de théâtre de Wajdi Mouawad
Pièce de théâtre québécoise
Pièce de théâtre de 2006
Drame (théâtre)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I have two degrees: a B.A. in English and a B.F.A. in Creative and Professional Writing. I will be going to graduate school for a degree in English with a specialization in 20-21st century literature. The bulk of my experience is with high school and college aged students. I have years of experience with tutoring writing through my undergraduate school, and have mentored for the English program for several years. I will be teaching freshmen English/Writing during graduate school.
Video games, reading, Harry Potter, hiking.


Ready for a breakfast oldie but goodie? This is one of those oldies that reminds me of my own childhood. This was always served alongside a soft boiled egg in a cup and a piece of toast. Quite the princess! I hadn't had grapefruit this way since I was a kid, I must have paid too much attention it it's much maligned reputation. In spite of it's reputation, this somehow managed it's way onto the table, sans egg in a cup. Guess what, it's just as tasty as it was when I was a kid. The sweetener on top, along with the cinnamon, works magic and turns this somewhat sour citrus into a pop of breakfast fun. Add a marachino cherry on top, and it's certainly kid friendly.
Directions: Cut grapefruit in half. Use a small, sharp knife to cut around each section, leaving it in the rind. Remove any visible seeds. Sprinkle each half with 1/2 tsp of the sweetener, then 1/4 tsp of the cinnamon. Broil under high heat for about 2 minutes, until the top of the grapefruit is hot, and the sugar or syrup melts into the grapefruit. Remove from the broiler, top with a marachino cherry, and serve.


Find out the professional secrets of Spanish cuisine during this small-group cooking class in Barcelona. Your local chef will teach you how to prepare an authentic 4-course Spanish banquet, which you will then enjoy with a glass of wine! Discover the secrets for cooking perfect Spanish omelets, tapas or 'paella.' Upgrade to include a guided walking tour of the lively Boquería Market before your cooking experience to discover the essential ingredients of Spanish cuisine and get an insight of local market culture. Enjoy personal attention from your chef on this small-group tour, limited to 14 people.
Discover the aroma and flavors of Spanish cuisine as you learn how to prepare traditional Spanish dishes from a local chef. Whether you're a cooking enthusiast or culinary novice, you'll enjoy the hands-on experience of this small-group Spanish cooking class in Barcelona. At the end, enjoy the meal you've just prepared with a glass of wine! Located in the heart of Barcelona, the cooking school is fully equipped to ensure you have a delicious experience. Begin by preparing two traditional starters, such as seasonal vegetables with traditional romesco sauce or red bell pepper soup flavored with saffron and cod. Continue uncovering the secrets of Spanish cooking as you make roasted veal with buttered potatoes or one of Spain's most famous dishes, paella – rice with seafood or a selection of meats. Finish your class by preparing mouthwatering desserts like crema catalana (Catalan cream) or arroz con leche (rice pudding). As you prepare your meal, learn interesting facts about Spanish gastronomy from your local chef. Then, it's time to sit down and taste your creations with a well-deserved glass of wine! At the end of your class, receive a booklet of recipes to wow your family and friends with homemade Spanish cuisine!Upgrade to include a Boqueria Market walking tourUpgrade your cooking class to include a 1.5-hour walking tour of the Boqueria Market in Barcelona. Before the class starts, visit the famous market with your chef and learn how to choose the best-quality products. This traditional and colorful market is home to an array of local products, such as fruits, vegetables, meats, seafood and cheeses – a wide variety of scents and flavors that make for delicious, rich cuisine.Please note: The dishes you cook will vary according to season.


text:
What Circumstances Warrant a Drug Conspiracy Charge?
By Jeffrey Manciagli
What Are Conspiracy Charges?
The legal term "conspiracy" refers to the criminal act of joining with another individual or individuals in a secret agreement to commit an unlawful deed. Additionally, at least one party must take an additional action that shows their intent to carry out the crime.
Conspiracy charges may occur in regard to:
Fraud cases
Embezzlement cases
Murder cases
Drug Conspiracy Charges
Drug conspiracy charges often involve the distribution of an illegal substance—for example, conspiracy to commit drug trafficking. For defendants to face conspiracy to commit drug trafficking charges, it must be proven that two or more individuals agreed to transport illicit substances and took action to do so. An individual could be charged with conspiracy even if the trafficking itself was never completed.
Evidence for drug conspiracy charges could involve:
Electronic message evidence
Undercover officer testimony after being involved in the conspiracy
Evidence collected after a search of the defendant's property
Defendant or co-defendant confession
Drug conspiracy cases are incredibly serious and often come with lengthy mandatory minimum prison sentences. The penalties can become even more serious if any aggravating factors were present for the offense, like if the conspiracy led to someone being injured or killed.
If you are accused of conspiracy to commit a drug crime, like manufacturing or trafficking, you need to take action right away. Do not attempt to handle your case alone, and do not make any incriminating statements.
Atlanta Drug Conspiracy Defense
There are many defense options for drug conspiracy cases, but you'll need the assistance of an experienced attorney to help you reach the best possible case outcome. Attorney Jeffrey Manciagli can help you determine which is the best fit for the specifics of your case. If you are facing state or federal drug conspiracy charges, contact Law Office of Jeff Manciagli as soon as possible by calling (770) 884-4708 or click here to reach out online.
Apr 13 What Is Considered "Drug Trafficking" In Georgia & What Are the Penalties?
According to Georgia Code §16-13-31 and §16-13-31.1 , the following is considered drug trafficking: However, the penalties vary ...


There doesn't seem to be a simple way to integrate Instapage with Pardot for lead capture and campaign management, so we created a quick workaround that should get this done in just about any CRM or lead capture/management platform. Instapage recommends using Webhooks, which is great – but it requires a "Premium" plan in order to access that feature.
In the "Completion Actions" page, you can select the "Redirect Location" to be your Instapage "Thank You Page" URL you created earlier.
Drag and resize your HTML section to fit within your pop-up window.
Click "Done" to save your edits.
When you have the form all set, click "Publish Changes" in the upper right of the interface to lock in changes.


text:
Q: Python urrlib3 error Unexpected EOF I keep getting the following error intermittently, i'm suspecting a proxy on the network is causing this, since i can run my python script when using a different connection.
I'm using python 2.7 and also using Fiddler to help with the proxy authentication.

SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.bogus.com', port=443): Max
  retries exceeded with url: /api/v1/oauth2/token (Caused by
  SSLError(SSLError("bad handshake: SysCallError(-1, 'Unexpected
  EOF')",),))

At the moment I am having some limited success with the following setup, it does fail quite often but it manages to work a few times. I am using a session with the following parameters:
def get_session():
    session = requests.Session()
    # limit connection pool and connection numbers
    session.mount('https://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=5, pool_connections=100, pool_maxsize=100))
    # make sure all connections are closed
    session.headers.update({"Connection": "close"})
    return session


text:
Hentai Global
Hentai List
Server 1fcom
Takamura is invited to a fitness club by the wife of the managing director at her husband's job. She goes and moves around her body. Just when she thinks she's done, the wife says that things are just getting started. Onda is told by his upperclassmen about this part-time job so he goes to check it out. He goes for an interview, and then is told about the "special menu" the shop offers, which he decides to try out.
Daisuki na Mama
Dorei Nikki
Super Naughty Maid! 2
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