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August 27, 2022 August 16, 2022 Syp
The MST3K Journal: Season 10
Encoded within one of his jam recipes, the prophet Nostradamas foretold that, as the millennium drew to a close, the stella amoris would fall from the sky and crash in the core of the West, ending a decade of joy and mirth. And thus was predicted the cancelation of Mystery Science Theater 3000.
Actually, I made that all up. It hardly required precognitive visions to determine that SciFi was about to mail a batch of pink slips to Eden Prairie. The writing was on the wall, and the penmanship was excellent. MST3K was about to go off the air, and this time there would be no last second rescue. But the Brains were determined to go out with a bang instead of a whimper, and it all started with the season premiere including a couple of recognizable faces.
Any pretense of adhering to the mandate of SF movies only was thrown out the window. This meant that crime dramas got one last opportunity. Personally, I could have done without them, but I can appreciate that others might feel differently.
Then there was Hamlet episode. I'll get into this more later. Sufficed to say it has got to be the most polarizing episode among the fanbase, eliciting extreme responses from both ends of the love/hate spectrum. About the only thing that exceeds it is the ill will from the Joel vs Mike Flame Wars of 1993.
Enough of that. Time for one more dive into the Made in Minnesota version of the show
1001: Soultaker [Grade: A]
It's rarely a good sign when the lead in a movie also wrote the script. And the narrative for this one has all the markings of a creative writing project from a seventh grade English class. The primary issue concerns the inconsistent tone for the antagonist. On one hand, he's presented as a slasher in the vein of Freddy Kreuger, with snappy one-liners that aren't very snappy. But then we get this past life horse-hoo of romantic involvement with the female lead shoved at us that is just silly. There's also the whole matter of how these Soultakers seem to operate like an inefficient bureaucracy, which may hint to their true origins. Contrary to what movies like It's a Wonderful Life and The Horn Blows at Midnight would have you believe, a bureaucracy is a more applicable framework for Hell. Add in the sinister demeanor of the Soultakers and I think it's obvious that they're collectors of damned souls.
Host segments are largely detached from the movie and are concerned with the guest appearances of Joel and Frank. While amusing in its own right, the true gutbusting material occurs during the movie's end credits, where Servo and Crow express some pessimistic speculations concerning what happens to the relationship between Zack and Natalie following the cliché happily ever after ending.
Regarding Joel's lame refusal to take Mike off the Satellite, there a fan theory regarding the former which has some merit. The idea is that Joel the character died shortly after returning to Earth. After all, he landed in the Australian Outback, a region notorious for its inhospitality to human habitation. Add in how Frank announces that Joel is on his soultaking to-do list, and it's surprisingly plausible.
Favorite riff: Hi. I'm a tree. Just want to put in a good word or two for nature since the camera is on me.
Stinger: Pseudo-lesbian incest hijinks.
Alternate Stinger: Agree.
Bechdel Test: Pass. Natalie and her actual mom exchange goodbyes at the end.
1002: Girl in Gold Boots [Grade: C]
The set-up in the feature is reminiscent of The Beatniks, where a talented amateur is spotted and offered a shot in the entertainment industry. The big difference here is that the source of the offer in this one is considerably sketchier. And rather than a legitimate media outlet, the source of employment is a night club run by a crime syndicate. As is typical with the crime dramas that got screened, there's plenty of greasy, loathsome people being greasy and loathsome. The atypical element here is the pompous drifter Critter, whose quandary is that he's been drafted and is not keen on signing up. The way he goes on when he reveals this to Michele, you'd think he had made himself the target of a nationwide manhunt. Sorry Critter, but I think Mr. Hoover has bigger fish to fry than some blowhard hippie with delusions of significance.
The host segments start off a brief arc where Pearl works on getting accredited as a mad scientist, which is worth a few chuckles. The standout is the parody of a song Critter sings in the movie, with how the occasional images of Michele appearing are handled being especially hilarious.
Favorite riff: If you're the town drunk of L.A., you've got a problem.
Stinger: "Oh, Gawd!!!!! I wish I had that pretty mind back!!!!!"
Alternate Stinger: Perfect!
Bechdel Test: Pass. Michele and Joan have multiple non-male conversations.
1003: Merlin's Shop of Mystical Wonders [Grade: B+]
When a movie engages in deception regarding its content, it usually occurs in the advertising. You'd think all the flimflamery would be cast aside once the film gets going, but not in this case. In this anthology production, the framing device involves a grandfather (portrayed by Ernest Borgnine) telling stories about Merlin setting up shop in the modern age to his grandson. Along with the tinkly music, it's easy to get the impression that this will feature lighthearted tales of whimsy and wonderment.
You would be so horribly wrong. What we get instead would be more appropriate for a horror anthology series. The first half would be a good fit as a Night Gallery segment, especially since it caters to Rod Serling's love of twist endings. The second half (which is a pared down edit of a film the director made in 1984 called The Devil's Gift) I would peg as something more appropriate for Hammer House of Horror. In fact, if you were to return the original downbeat ending, flip all the scenes with vehicles, dub everyone with British accents, and CG alter the kid's Return of the Jedi shirt (Hammer House of Horror aired back in 1980), you could pass off The Devil's Gift as a lost episode. For both, you may wish to give them a pass if household pets meeting unpleasant demises upsets you greatly. But if you can stomach all that, the riffing is top notch. Particularly memorable are the ones where they imagine how Grandpa Borgnine is narrating the events that occur onscreen (usually for scenes that are excessive in gruesomeness or mundanity).
Host segments are strong as well. Pearl begins her mad scientist accreditation in earnest with her own variant of Phillip Zimbardo's fraudulent prison experiment. Crow and Servo also generate plenty of chuckles with their imitations of the pompous columnist from the first half of the movie. But the real winner is where they read the collection of Ernest Borgnine children's books.
Favorite riff: See, here's his problem. He's going around dressed like that, asking women, "Have you seen my little monkey?"
Stinger: "Rock and roll Martian."
Alternate Stinger: Friendly neighborhood psychic flips her lid.
Bechdel Test: Pass. Madeline and Zurella talk about the wishing stone.
1004: Future War [Grade: C]
Another one of those meaningless titles with no connection to what happens on the screen. Not only is there no war (the violence presented barely qualifies as a skirmish), but it takes place in the present day. And really, a movie featuring cyborgs using velociraptors as tracking beasts should not be this tedious. I suspect the bulk of the movie's budget went into the dinosaur puppets, which are reasonably well made. Certainly, they're better than what was featured in the Doctor Who serial "Invasion of the Dinosaurs" (I should probably note that I like "Invasion of the Dinosaurs". But let's not kid ourselves, the creature effects in it were bad even by classic Doctor Who standards.) The dinosaurs of Future War have a different issue in that, to realize some of the larger specimens, poorly executed forced perspective was employed.
At least "Invasion of the Dinosaurs" had a moderately intriguing story to tell. Not so much for Future War. It focuses on a guy who escaped from a spaceship operated by the above-mentioned cyborgs (whose cyberware is realized using props even cheaper looking than the ones for the Captain in the Doctor Who serial "The Pirate Planet") and teams up with a nun who was once a hooker. Everything that occurs from then on happens because the script demands it rather than any logical progression of events. One of the more obnoxious instances is where our lead character is arrested by the police for no in-story reason. From a screenwriting perspective, it was so they could do a rip-off of the police station rampage from The Terminator. That's never a good reason to feature a scene.
Host segments are shockingly bland. In each case, some minor aspect from the movie is taken and pounded into something that falls flat, like the Thank You for Not Killing Us sketch. The one exception to this is not strictly speaking a host segment. Instead, it's a sketch that occurs during the end credits where Mike demonstrates forced perspective. That at least provoked a few chuckles.
Favorite riff: "I have a past that I'm not proud of." That's why I kept a scrapbook!
Stinger: The future warrior's shirt is head-butted right off.
Bechdel Test: Pass. Sister Ann discusses her crisis of faith with the Mother Superior.
1005: Blood Waters of Dr. Z [Grade: C+]
When you get down to it, most mad scientists aren't insane in the clinical sense. They're just overly enthusiastic about pursuing and expounding on unorthodox theories, with some occasional bitterness over the rejection from their colleagues. This is particularly the case for the wacky mad scientists common in the 1980s. Listening to his inner monologues, you get the sense that Kurt Leopold suffers from some genuine mental illnesses.
But even taking this into account, his scheme is a bit silly, as he spreads a mutagenic substance in the local waters to make the aquatic wildlife bigger and meaner which will somehow allow him to rule the universe. With this taking place in Florida, perhaps he expected his fishy minions to take over Cape Canaveral. He also uses the mutagenic on himself, though his new form doesn't look especially fish-like. His main opposition comes from a couple of agents from an outfit with the unfortunate acronym INPIT. There's also a redneck sheriff and a black marine biologist where the intent appears to be to mimic In the Heat of the Night, but it doesn't really work out.
The aspect that really sticks out (in a bad way) though is the cinematography. With these indy movies from the 1960s and 1970s that are in color, the cinematography tends to look a bit off. Mostly this comes from getting the lighting wrong or using substandard film stock. It's even worse in the case of this movie, as there's this brownish haze over everything. Perhaps it was a deliberate choice, or maybe the print used here was kept in less than ideal storage conditions. It could even be that this part of Florida just naturally exudes brownness. Whatever the case, it makes that part of the state look very unappealing. I certainly can't imagine wanting to swim in that water. As well as looking absolutely filthy, it is surely full of leeches, water moccasins, and maybe some alligators.
Of the host segments, the clear winner is the one where Crow does his own variant on Dr. Leopold's internal monologue rants. But the others pull their weight, with Crow trying out chewing tobacco generating some chuckles (though the scene in question is incredibly gross).
Favorite riff: No matter how much the movie insists that there's tension, I must respectfully disagree with it.
Stinger: "Sargassum! The weed of deceit!"
Bechdel Test: Pass. Ma Pringle informs her daughter Sue that she's leaving and is acknowledged.
1006: Boggy Creek II: and the Legend Continues… [Grade: C-]
For people with a genuine interest in cryptozoology, movies like this must be infuriating. It's true that the title critter (in this case an ape-like creature that resides in the Arkansas wilderness) is treated as being real. But the portrayal of the investigators is not what you would call flattering. First and foremost is the pompous bore anthropology professor who leads the expedition. Even more grating is Leslie, a vacuous tagalong with Eighties Hair for whom the concept of roughing it is completely alien. Then there's Tim, who is frequently shirtless even though his physique is not suited for the look.
But for a sight guaranteed to provoke an Oedipal reaction, there's Old Man Crenshaw, a bloated mountain man they encounter who wears overalls without a shirt and one strap undone. Looking back, it's surprising there were no Deliverance riffs. There are also several flashback scenes recounting encounters with the Boggy Creek Monster that often use a soft focus. The least pleasant of these is a "humorous" tale that involves an outhouse. And that's probably more than you'd care to know already. On the plus side, the creature suit is quite well made. Especially when you consider the limited resources typical for an indy production like this.
Host segments are a mixed bag. Servo's whittling factory is a predictable gag that falls flat. The parody of the movie's constant flashbacks is okay but kind of bland. The real winner is where Pearl tries to create her own variant on the Boggy Creek monster and make it into a tourist trap.
Favorite riff: So the once great Monster Studies Department went under. Tanya and Leslie brought me up on charges, of course. Tim just wandered off and we haven't seen him in years.
Stinger: "I saw the little creature." "Nooo!!"
Bechdel Test: Pass. Leslie and Tanya have multiple non-male conversations.
1007: Track of the Moon Beast [Grade: B]
Apparently, there's a line of thought which believes that an otherwise by-the-numbers werewolf movie in the vein of The Wolfman can be freshened with the protagonist being a were-something else. Taking it a step further, Track of the Moon Beast adds a science fiction angle by having the infection come, not from a bite, but from a tiny meteorite fragment that penetrates into the shmuck's brain. But just because this somehow transforms him into a werelizard doesn't mean it can distract from how it's still a by-the-numbers werewolf movie.
In fact, it can't help but draw comparisons to the Season 9 movie Werewolf. Both are set in the American Southwest and employ some badly garbled tribal folklore of the region as the basis for their werebeast. Both have a mopey chump and his aggressively supportive girlfriend as the leads. Both mopey chumps are even named Paul. The werelizard costume is not that impressive, and it's kind of hard to believe it was made by legendary creature costume designer and makeup effects wizard Rick Baker. But then he would have been about 22 at the time, and even the best have to start somewhere.
Of the host segments, the one where the lame practical joke involving a tribal mask is reenacted looks at first like one of those instances where the Brains do something too well. But it saves itself thanks to Mike non-reaction and Crow descending into self-loathing as he realizes how lame the prank was. The real winner though is their tribute to The Band That Played California Lady.
Favorite riff: She gets off the ground saying, "What happened?" a lot.
Stinger: "Moon rock? Oh wow!"
Bechdel Test: Fail. None of the female characters converse with each other, with Kathy being the sole speaking female for the bulk of the film.
1008: Final Justice [Grade: D]
At the end of their riffing of Mitchell, one of them (I think it was Crow) made a crack wondering how come Mitchell II never got off the ground. Well, this movie is that in spirit if not in name, as Joe Don Baker once again portrays a trigger-happy vigilante cop. What's particularly sad is how the lead character is being presented as another Dirty Harry. But Joe Don Baker is no Clint Eastwood and is further undermined by his pudgy physique.
The plot involves our Texan deputy lead T.J. having captured a Mafiosi, who he is escorting to Italy for extradition. The latter's mob ties arrange for their flight to be redirected to Malta, where the car trip to the local hoosegow gets hijacked, letting him go free. T.J. then makes it a personal mission to recapture the miscreant (often at odds with the local authorities), all the while indulging in just about every Ugly American Tourist stereotype you can think of. It's quite a slog. Helena Abdella, a former Miss Malta who portrays Maria Cassar in her only screen credit, likely does not look back at this production with much fondness. Seeing as how she's currently a prominent fixture in the Maltese government (though mostly in what appear to be fluff posts), the movie's often unflattering portrayal of that institution is probably something regarded as objectionable.
Though the depiction of the Maltese government here might be closer to truth than might be comfortable. During the last discussion of this episode at Satellite News, one of the posters brought up an article from his newsfeed that concerned the state of Malta's government, which focused on the then recent assassination of native journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia. Apparently, the level of corruption there makes the Daly Machine and Tammany Hall look squeaky clean in comparison. Throw in law enforcement described as at best incompetent and maybe a psychotic vigilante cop would be a step up.
Host segments are kind of disappointing. Pearl's failed attempt at injecting humor in the workplace is another one of those instances where they do something too well. Mike and the Bots complaining to her about a scene in the movie where a shot is used twice in quick succession is a bit too labored. However, Mike's attempt to mimic Joel's original escape (which occurred after watching Mitchell) is worth a few chuckles. Also, Crow's report on Malta is hilarious, thanks primarily to his over-the-top rage.
Favorite riff: "Not getting anything done in this hotel room." Well not anything you need to know about.
Stinger: "Yew think yew kin take me? Go 'head on. It's yer move."
Bechdel Test: Fail. None of the female characters converse with each other.
1009: Hamlet [Grade: A+]
Infamous for being the most controversial episode, not many fans have a neutral opinion on this one. From my (admittedly unscientific) observations, the lovers have a comfortable majority, though there are some among the haters who like to pretend that it's universally despised. Seeing as how the poll conducted among backers of the Bring Back MST3K Kickstarter had Hamlet ranked at 74 out of 176 reveals that belief as the load of horse hoo it is.
Anyway, it can be said that this episode simulates a true Globe Theater experience. After all, theatergoers in Shakespeare's day weren't snooty poseurs who wanted to believe that the plays were being written by Edward de Vere. They were regular folks like you and me looking for some quality entertainment. And if they thought they weren't getting any, it's reasonable to believe that they would heckle the performers and maybe pelt them with rancid produce for good measure.
But it still begs the question as to why Hamlet. When you think about it, Hamlet is very reminiscent of other protagonists featured on MST3K. By that I mean he's an ineffectual chump who blunders through the narrative screwing up at every opportunity, with everything finishing in a colossal mess. Put that way, he's no different from Rod Tillman or Jimmy Wilson or Marvin Grant or Paul Niles.
Then there's the issue of why this specific Hamlet. The theory I've heard is that the Brains had been hoping that this made for German television production dubbed back into English would feature a Blind Idiot Translation. To give you an idea of what could have been, I ran the second line of the To Be or Not to Be soliloquy through Google Translate from English to German and back to English and got the following: "Whether it is nobler in the head to suffer the slings and arrows of unheard-of luck or to take up arms against a sea of troubles and fight them by fighting them." That would have been great. Tragically, the company that handled the dub was lazy and just had the voice actors read straight from the original play script. You can spot a couple of instances where the dialogue doesn't really match what's happening on the screen, suggesting that the adaptation took a few liberties.
In the missed opportunities department, Horatio was portrayed by Karl Michael Vogler, who was Rommel in Patton. Certainly, Hamlet's enthusiastic greeting of Horatio would have been a perfect moment to insert a Magnificent Bastard riff.
Host segments are a massive improvement over what we got in the previous episode. As to why any version of Hamlet would be screened, it turns out that it was part of a bet after Mike scammed Pearl into a game of three card monte. While things like the Bots pretending to be the ghost of Mike's dad and the Hamlet action figure with real soliloquy action provided several laughs, the real winner was Alas Poor Who?, the game show where you identify persons from bits of their skeletal structure. As a point of interest, all of the people mentioned in that sketch were still alive at the time it first aired.
Favorite riff: "To cut his throat in a church!" Now see, that's a little over the top.
Stinger: Claudius does a double take.
Bechdel Test: Fail. Gertrude and Ophelia are the only female characters with speaking roles (aside from the brief line from the lesbian clown), and they never converse with each other.
1010: It Lives by Night [Grade: C]
Of the three Ineffectual Chump Becomes a Werebeast While Receiving Aggressive Emotional Support from His Paramour movies, this one has to be the most confounding. The manbeast transformations of Werewolf and Track of the Moon Beast make sense on their own terms, one coming from a supernatural source while the other goes a science fiction route. But this movie offers no justification. As far as the creative staff is concerned, getting bitten by a bat results in the victim turning into a werebat. No indication that it was radioactive bat or other such tomfoolery.
The circumstances leading up to the infection are nearly as stupid, as it starts when the two leads fall back during a cave tour so that they can have sex. I suppose lust-addled newlyweds might be capable of such poor judgment, but that sort of idiocy is more commonly associated with teens. Another issue is that none of the major characters are particularly likable or sympathetic. Once John realizes what has happened to him, he takes on an attitude that borders on sociopathic. Cathy (referred to by the riffers as Mary Tyler Less on account of her resemblance to Mary Tyler Moore) is just kind of grating and useless. As for Sergeant Ward, his sleaziness and obvious stalking of Cathy is quite repulsive.
One possibly intriguing aspect of these three werebeast films is that they link into a circle of sorts. Werewolf and Moon Beast have their ineffectual chump named Paul. Moon Beast and IT Lives by Night have their aggressively supportive paramour named Cathy. Finally, IT Lives by Night and Werewolf have the paramour become a werebeast as well, with the strong implication that it was sexually transmitted.
Host segments are a bland lot, with the only memorable one being the Mary Tyler Moore sketch. Much of that is thanks to Mike's hilarious Ted Knight impression.
Favorite riff: "Doctor, one of the nurses told me what happened." You pinched her bippy
Stinger: John says "Well?" then convulses.
Bechdel Test: Fail. None of the female characters converse with each other, with Mary Tyler Less as the sole speaking female character for most of the film.
1011: Horrors of Spider Island [Grade: D]
It's been a while since we've had a true slog of a movie. But that's exactly what we get with this German/Yugoslavian co-produced mockery of all that's good and true. Though a significant part of the problem concerns the English dub, which can't reasonably be blamed on the original production team. As well as the usual stiff and awkward reads you get with these low-end foreign film dubs, it has truly distracting walla. As with any other background sound in a movie, walla should enhance a scene rather than draw attention to itself.
However, the European team should be held accountable for the hare-brained plot, involving a troupe of female dancers who are flying to Singapore when their plane inexplicably catches fire and crashes. As a result, we get an idea of what Gilligan's Island would have been like if all the characters were unflattering variants on Ginger or Mary Ann. Mostly this involves catfights and casual stripping. In fact, it's reputed that the original European cut had a fair bit of straight up nudity. All American audiences got were a few long shots of some skinny-dipping. There's also something with a giant homicidal spider, but it comes across as having been thrown in at the last second.
Host segments are largely underwhelming. The one with Mike trapped in a giant spider web is worth a few chuckles. But the parody of the dance audition scene is even more unpleasant and painful than what occurred in the movie.
Favorite riff: Man, this is too much even for me, Mike. Can't we see a couple of elderly scientists in lab coats talking nonstop instead?
Stinger: The girls scream from the void.
Alternate Stinger: "There's absolutely no reason yet to fear the worst. Until now, we only know that the plane caught fire and that we've lost radio contact."
Bechdel Test: Pass. There are multiple non-male conversations between the members of the Shrill Harpy Dance Troupe.
1012: Squirm (with A Case of Spring Fever) [Grade: D]
While educational shorts where a person is lectured to by an imaginary entity are a dime a dozen, usually the subject is a child. As well as featuring an adult in such a position, this short employed the trope of a person making a rash wish and a supernatural entity granting it to show the dire consequences six years before It's a Wonderful Life. In this case, a malicious sprite named Coily erases springs from existence. Once the shmuck recants his wish, he then goes about yammering about the wonders of springs to his golf buddies. It's a wonder he didn't get beaned with his own driver and dropped into a water hazard, weighed down with his own clubs. The fact that he kept talking while one of them was attempting a shot alone would have justified it.
The feature is one of those nature bites back movies that proliferated during the 1970s. In this case, a power line falling on a worm farm causes them to become aggressive flesh-eaters. As it was shot in Georgia, this means we get treated to some of the more obnoxious negative Southerner stereotypes. This is possibly meant to distract from how Yankee protagonist Mick (who bears a strong resemblance to Doctor Who companion Turlough) is a condescending jackass. Personally, I found the half-wit worm farmer more appealing, and he's an obvious knock-off of Jack Elam's character from The Girl in Lovers Lane.
Host segments again fall flat, with Mikey the Mike Sprite being especially labored. At least Mike's attempts to use electricity to create mutant worms provokes a few laughs.
Favorite riff: No springs? I don't care, there's still butter and meatloaf!
Stinger: "You gonna be da worm face!"
Bechdel Test: Pass. Geri and Alma discuss their concerns regarding their mother's mental state.
1013: Diabolik [Grade: A+++]
A while back, I found a Diabolik collection at a library sale and snapped it up. Since it's in Italian, I only have the roughest idea of what's going on in it. One of the more curious differences between the comic book (or graphic novel if you must, but a wuss slap will be coming if you insist on sequential art) and its film adaptation concerns Diabolik's good time gal Eva. Specifically, her day-to-day garb in the comic book is far less slutty than what she wears in the movie, consisting of sweater and slacks.
As I understand it, Diabolik started out as what at best could be considered an antivillain, but later was toned down into more of a Robin Hood type character. This movie was likely made before or during that transition, as he seems unconcerned with all the collateral damage he leaves in his wake (something which Mike and the Bots remark on). Among his capers are the theft of ten million dollars (carried in sacks with dollar signs, just like in old timey cartoons), an emerald necklace, and a twenty-ton gold ingot. This being the 1960s, all these heists are accomplished with James Bond style tomfoolery. And speaking of Bond, Thunderball villain Adolfo Celi makes an appearance as a crime boss working against Diabolik. The ending is kind of weird, as it appears Diabolik has been defeated, with the cops raiding his lair and him having been coated with molten gold. But there's an insinuation that he's not really down for the count. But how he would escape we'll never know, as the mediocre box office performance killed any chances for a sequel. Still, it's nice that MST3K could end its original run with something energetic and silly instead of one of the pain-inducing slogs seen in the previous two episodes.
As you might expect, the host segments are in top form as Pearl's rash actions cause the Satellite of Love to initiate reentry procedures. The song "To Earth" is one of the better songs of the season. One issue with it though is that Mike (who admittedly has always been a mediocre singer at best) gives a particularly poor performance. It might have been deliberate, but intentional badness rarely works for me. The conclusion where they're living in a cramped apartment and sit down to watch a Saturday afternoon screening of The Crawling Eye on a local TV station is a nice touch.
Favorite riff: "Wonder how those guys would feel if they knew they were guarding all this wastepaper instead of ten million dollars?" They'd feel hurt, sir.
Stinger: "Is that stud coming?"
Alternate Stinger: Trap door opens under a dissenting gangster.
Bechdel Test: Fail. None of the female characters ever converse with one another.
Bechdel Test totals as of Season 10: 92 Pass, 83 Fail, 1 Ambiguous
And thus ended the original series. Even so, the spirit of riffing would continue to manifest as the cast members later went on to projects like Cinematic Titanic, RiffTrax, and The Mads Are Back. As long as there are incompetently made films, the urge to make wisecracks will not be dead the way you know it. It is with us always. Not dead the way you know it. It is with us always. No matter where we go it is with us.
Sitting Duck
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This module introduces the concepts of nutrition as applied to stages of life, from infancy to old age and investigates diet-related health conditions. You will draw on your existing knowledge of dietary reference values and guidelines and explore the differing requirements and reasons for these, in different stages of life and states of health. You will also learn the theories of behaviour change so that you understand the ways in which health professionals can plan behaviour change interventions and support populations to make heathier choices.
Energy balance and energy expenditure calculations.
Nutritional significance and requirements for nutrients through the lifecycle.
This module will involve lectures and seminars and tutorials. Lectures will introduce the key concepts and seminars will be used to develop the detail. Seminars will allow students to engage with current primary literature as well as review and evaluate existing health interventions.
Delivery of this module will be supported by the e-learning portal (eLP). Lectures and supplementary learning materials will be available on the module site; the electronic Reading List will be linked to Library Services; key websites and online links in the field will be included.
You will be supported in this module by the module tutor who will provide a lecture series designed to develop your knowledge and raise questions regarding changing guidelines and dietary advice. Your will also be supported by the student-led discussions and debates in small group seminars. Directed independent study tasks will allow you to engage more widely with the subject matter.
1.	You will be able to explain the nutritional significance and requirements of the basic food components (carbohydrates etc) for a healthy diet.
2.	You will be able to explain the basis of diet-related diseases and disorders, causes, characteristics and the role nutrition can play e.g. in prevention and treatment.
4.	You will be able apply values, principles and ethical standpoints in relation to contentious issues related to behaviour change.
This module will be assessment by coursework which is worth 60% (MLO 1, 2, 4) and exam, worth 40% (MLO 2,3). The coursework will give you the opportunity to develop a health promotion intervention strategy. The exam will come at the end of the module and allow you to show your ability to evaluate data and apply their knowledge.
Formative assessment will take the form of directed seminar tasks related to the assessment whereby students will be given directed reading or case-studies.
Students will get feedback on summative assessment and formative tasks. There will be group tutorials and seminars where students will get peer and tutor feedback on their coursework ideas.
'Nutrition through the lifecycle' is a module which enables you to apply your knowledge of dietary guidelines to each stage of life. You will consider the changing physiological requirements and also the social influences on dietary choices and, as part of the assessment, develop a behaviour change intervention based on current research findings. You will also develop your understanding of the impact which diet has on increasingly common chronic conditions such as Type 2 diabetes, cancer or cardiovascular disease. In an area of research which is constantly evolving, you will review current findings and evaluate their impact on accepted advice.


An anniversary, an engagement, or a shoot "just because" can be anything you want it to be. Let's hang out at home or go hiking, let's do whatever it is that is going to bring FUTURE YOU back to this time in your relationship.
Should you decide to opt out of the in person gallery viewing, I choose the best images from your session and deliver them to you via digital download.
All sessions are subject to state sales tax. Prices are subject to change without notice.
I am here for Y O U.
As your photographer I will help you with posing but the moments are already there, I just capture them.
Dont forget the furbabies! They love you too!!


text:
/**
 * @author effine
 * @Date 2015年11月13日  上午12:00:09
 * @email iballader#gmail.com
 * @site http://www.effine.cn
 */

package cn.effine.dao.impl.mybatis;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.Reader;

/**
 * DAO包装类
 *
 * @author effine
 * @Date 2017-10-15 20:37
 * @email iballader#gmail.com
 * @site http://www.effine.cn
 */
public class DaoSupport {

    private static String configurePath = "mybatis-config.xml";
    private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
    private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory2;
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DaoSupport.class);

    static {
        try {
            // 方式1
            Reader reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader(configurePath);
            sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);

            // 方式2
            InputStream stream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(configurePath);
            sqlSessionFactory2 = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(stream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取数据库访问会话session
     */
    public static SqlSession getSqlSession() {
        return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    }

    /**
     * 返回操作记录消息
     *
     * @param type  类型
     * @param count 统计数量
     * @return
     * @Deprecated (查看代码处理逻辑后删除, 没有必要的代码 , 不再需要)
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static String showMessages(CrudEnum type, int count) {
        switch (type) {
            case ADD:
                logger.info("添加了" + count + "条记录。");
                break;
            case DELETE:
                logger.info("删除了" + count + "条记录。");
                break;
            case UPDATE:
                logger.info("更新了" + count + "条记录。");
                break;
            case QUERY:
                logger.info("匹配了" + count + "条记录。");
                break;
            case LIST:
                logger.info("共有" + count + "条记录。");
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        return null;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Elegantly styled to fit equally well in either contemporary or traditional settings alike, the Gazco Vogue Midi gas stoves feature a cast iron door and top plate with refined curves and bevelled edges. For increased presence, Midline models are mounted on a matching log store base that can be used to house chopped logs to add to the woodburning aesthetic.
Creating breathtaking flame visuals, Vogue Gas stoves feature a highly realistic log bed and a polished black glass lining that provides a stunning, multi-sided reflection of the flames. Designed with the very latest gas fire technology, these cutting edge stoves provide an ample 4.4kW of heat at 80% efficiency and available as either a conventional flue or balanced flue option.


text:
In 1981 the US Air Force established a requirement to replace the F-15 Eagle and the F-16 Fighting Falcon. This program was called the Advanced Tactical Fighter. In 1986 Lockheed/Boeing/General Dynamics and Northrop/McDonald Douglas were selected to complete the YF-22 and YF-23 prototypes for a series of flight test to see which aircraft would be selected as the next Advanced Tactical Fighter. The 411th Flight Test Squadron which is apart of the 412th Test Wing conducted the competition between YF-22 and YF-23 from 1989–1991. On 23 April 1991, Secretary of the Air Force Donald Rice announced that the YF-22 would be the next Advanced Tactical Fighter. The 411th Flight Test Squadron and the 412th Test Wing belong to the Air Force Material Command. These men and women were responsible for the success and the eventual selection of the Y-22. For this reason we chose to incorporate their patches on the bottom of the F-22 Raptor Diecast Challenge Coin.
1 review for F-22 Raptor Polished Air Force Challenge Coin
Both versions of this one are very nice.
F-22 Raptor Polished Air Force Challenge Coin quantity
A-10 Warthog Challenge Coin
F-16 Falcon Challenge Coin
F-15 Eagle Challenge Coin
CIA A-12 Oxcart Challenge Coin
F-117A Challenge Coin MQ-9 Reaper Challenge Coin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This hand carved wooden stool was created by skilled artisans who have a love for their craft and their exquisite detail shows in every piece that they create. Horse lovers will rejoice when they see this decorative wooden stool. It is wonderfully detailed with a horses head... complete with mane and bridle. Once he was carved he was then hand painted and hand stained. These stools have proven to be handy in the bathroom for children. This is a great piece for the animal lover adult or for a children's room. These stools have proven to be handy for dozens of uses by adults and children and they sturdy enough to endure years and years of use. Great for indoor or outdoor use. If used outdoors we suggest you add polyurethane to protect the finish. Size is 10 inches tall x 10-1/4 inches wide and 11-1/2 inches deep.


During the month of October, there are so many great Halloween events that you won't want to miss. We've compiled a HUGE list of the kid-friendly (non-scary) Halloween activities happening across Northeast Ohio. Nothing haunted or frightening, just fun. Enjoy!
Many Thanks to Goodwill our Fall Fun Sponsor. Visit your neighborhood Goodwill store and create Halloween costumes for the entire family! Only Goodwill can deliver on a creative and affordable Halloween costume shopping experience. Shop Goodwill for prices so low, it's scary!
If you enjoy non-scary Halloween events, this list is for you!
As usual, if you know of any family-friendly Halloween events not on the list, please submit the details here and we'll get it added. Let's all make sure everyone knows where to go to have some non-scary Halloween fun!
Cost: Buy the craft pumpkin, and the supplies to decorate it will be provided.
Cost: Supplies will be provided, including premade slime.
Cost: The event is FREE, and your child doesn't need to be a patient to attend.
Cost: Purchase your pumpkins at a discount, then decorate or carve them for FREE.
Cost: Admission is a donation of a non-perishable food or personal care item to benefit Green Good Neighbors.
Cost: All activities free once entrance paid to get into Jump n Shout!
Kids Fun Run – Trick OR Treat?
Cost: All activities are included with general admission.
FREE Jesse's Jukebox (not so) Spooky Halloween Show at Beviamo!
Cost: Included with general admission. Children in costume ages 12 and under admitted free!
Cost: FREE with the purchase of any t-shirt bought at Pat Catan's.
Cost: FREE to make slime, purchase a jar in-store to turn it into a silly monster to store your slime.
Cost: Entry is $1/child, or bring a box of crayons (1 box/child and 24 box min.) for our monthly charity Help Me Color A Rainbow!
Where: Historic Downtown Canal Fulton on Canal St.
Remember, if you know of any other family friendly Halloween events please submit the details here. Thanks!
Love you site! Thank you so much for providing this list. It's just what I was looking for, and no one else does it! Love the fun, not scary, side of Halloween!
Thanks, I'm glad you find it helpful!


EZ to Stream is an IPTV service established in 2017 which provides affordable internet streaming of over 500 channels on your devices at home. This service started out under the name 'Element' and it is still referred under that name sometimes. Soon, Element changed their name to EZ Stream. They offer attractive monthly and yearly programs which provide access to a wide range of categories of channels and have generally received excellent reviews. IPTV subscription reviews name EZ Stream as one of the rising stars of the industry at the moment. In addition to their yearly subscription program, they also have a month-to-month 'Pay as you go!' program, without any long-term commitments, but also without activation or cancellation fees. EZ Stream also includes HD and provides thousands of On Demand entertainment options, and they use Plug & Play technology to get it done, which is the case for only the best IPTV providers in the world.
EZ Stream offers a three-day free trial to test out the service without a box, only on your devices. However, they also offer several subscriptions, both monthly and yearly. Their monthly recurring subscription costs a very affordable $24.99 and provides you with access to up to three devices within your household. This service doesn't come with a contract and can be stopped at any time, for any reason – but it also doesn't come with a box – it's a code that they e-mail to you and you can watch TV through your device. Also, the company website recommends that you buy an EZ Stream box which will provide you with the best picture quality and lag reduction. USA IPTV reviews show that the Element Ti8 box has great performance and will satisfy all your viewing needs so feel free to read them yourself!
For an additional $110 you can purchase the EZ Stream box as a one-time payment, but you could also save an extra $5 if you got the Set top box and monthly recurring charge subscription – this one costs $129.99 and will give you both the hardware and the software, and after a month they'll even cut down the price to a $20 monthly subscription. While it isn't the cheapest IPTV service, it's certainly one of the most reliable, and with the full HD provided, EZ Stream is one of the most pleasant services to watch as well!
The yearly subscriptions are similar – $259.88 yearly, and $359.88 if you want an EZ Stream box to go with it. The subscription with the box saves you $50, and the cheaper option without the box saves you $40. Either way, the service provides more than enough for the price, especially if you're living in a western country.
For these prices, EZ Stream offers over 500 channels, divided into three categories – English channels, sports channels, and adult channels. There are six adult channels, 70 sports channels and the rest are all various channels in English with a great degree of specialization and diversity. You can watch these channels live on any of your devices, but you can also get some stuff to watch On Demand, which is always a welcome sight. This makes EZ Stream possibly the best paid IPTV service of 2019. So, if you want to EZ Stream Game of Thrones, there is no better place to do it.
The EZ Stream app will work on any Android box 5.1 or higher, as well as an Amazon Firestick and Nvidia shield. They also have their own box (Ti8) with amazing performance, just google 'EZ Stream ti8 review'. Also, the company has launched a website portal where you can watch TV on any device, on any internet browser, but it's not available in the free trial. You can use Android or iOS or you can use their own set-top box. If you want to, you can even connect their box to a Mag 254 box! You can read EZstream TV box reviews online if you want to know more about its quality and performance. Also, you may want to try googling 'Element android TV box' or 'Element Ti8 Kodi' due to the company's name change to check if the device will be compatible with your TV.
You can contact EZ to Stream through the live chat on their website at https://www.eztostream.com, but you can also submit a form to them in their contact area. They reply within a few minutes and they generally have a very effective customer support service. If you are dissatisfied with your product, they even provide a 30-day money back guarantee, but to get it you have to return all the items in the original box. IPTV reviews point out the EZ Stream customer service as one of the most useful among similar providers.
EZ Stream has very competitive pricing, an excellent offer, and incredibly high-quality service. With a month costing $20 if you are buying any subscription except for the monthly recurring one, it is one of the most competitive on the market with regard to pricing, as very few companies come close to EZ Stream's price tags. Also, they offer a wide range of channels which can't all be accessed by regular cable, which clearly puts them ahead of traditional technologies. Their customer support seems brilliant – their customers are happy in all the reviews we found and they seem to have very fair terms and conditions for their services. EZ Stream is available worldwide and you only need an internet connection to access it, and you can pay with any major credit or debit card, as well as a regular bank account anywhere in the world, making it one of the top IPTV service providers of 2019.


Canadian Pacific Railway, Port Coquitlam, BC, July 4, 1961. Our 4th of July odyssey continues. Pacific Great Eastern movements will come later in the afternoon, so we head east of Vancouver to Port Coquitlam, on the confluence of the Pitt and Fraser Rivers, to the largest Canadian Pacific Railway yard in BC.
The name "Coquitlam" comes from the First Nation's Salish word "Kwayhquitlum," meaning "red fish in the river," referring to the river's annual salmon spawning run.
The Canadian Pacific Railway moved its freight operations from Vancouver to Port Coquitlam in 1911. The city was incorporated in 1913.
Railroad Stuff: CPR 8641, GMD GP-9, built London Ontario, 2/57, sn: A-1097, rebuilt by CPR to GP-9u in 1987, and renumbered CP1648, shown here with the "multimark" paint scheme.


CERQual includes four components for assessing how much confidence to place in findings from reviews of qualitative research (also referred to as qualitative evidence syntheses): (1) methodological limitations, (2) coherence, (3) adequacy of data and (4) relevance. This paper is part of a series providing guidance on how to apply CERQual and focuses on CERQual's relevance component.
We developed the relevance component by searching the literature for definitions, gathering feedback from relevant research communities and developing consensus through project group meetings. We tested the CERQual relevance component within several qualitative evidence syntheses before agreeing on the current definition and principles for application.
When applying CERQual, we define relevance as the extent to which the body of data from the primary studies supporting a review finding is applicable to the context (perspective or population, phenomenon of interest, setting) specified in the review question. In this paper, we describe the relevance component and its rationale and offer guidance on how to assess relevance in the context of a review finding. This guidance outlines the information required to assess relevance, the steps that need to be taken to assess relevance and examples of relevance assessments.
This paper provides guidance for review authors and others on undertaking an assessment of relevance in the context of the CERQual approach. Assessing the relevance component requires consideration of potentially important contextual factors at an early stage in the review process. We expect the CERQual approach, and its individual components, to develop further as our experiences with the practical implementation of the approach increase.
The GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach has been developed by the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) Working Group. The approach has been developed to support the use of findings from qualitative evidence syntheses in decision-making, including guideline development and policy formulation. GRADE-CERQual (hereafter referred to as CERQual) includes four components for assessing how much confidence to place in findings from reviews of qualitative research (also referred to as qualitative evidence syntheses): (1) methodological limitations, (2) coherence, (3) adequacy of data and (4) relevance. This paper focuses on one of these four components, relevance.
When carrying out a CERQual assessment, we define relevance as the extent to which the body of data from the primary studies supporting a review finding is applicable to the context (including for example the perspective or population, phenomenon of interest, setting) specified in the review question . The relevance component in CERQual is analogous to the indirectness domain used in the GRADE approach for assessing confidence in findings from systematic reviews of effectiveness .
The aim of this paper, part of a series (Fig. 1), is to describe what we mean by relevance of data in the context of a qualitative evidence synthesis and to give guidance on how to operationalise this component in the context of a review finding as part of the CERQual approach. This paper should be read in conjunction with the papers describing the other three CERQual components [3–5] and the paper describing how to make an overall CERQual assessment of confidence and create a Summary of Qualitative Findings table . Key definitions for the series are provided in Additional file 1.
The initial stages of the process for developing CERQual, which started in 2010, are outlined elsewhere . Since then, we have further refined the current definitions of each component and the principles for application of the overall approach using a number of methods. When developing CERQual's relevance component, we undertook informal searches of the literature, including Google and Google Scholar, for definitions and discussion papers related to the concept of relevance and to related concepts such as internal and external validity. We carried out similar searches for the other three components. We presented an early version of the CERQual approach in 2015 to a group of methodologists, researchers and end users with experience in qualitative research, GRADE or guideline development. We further refined the approach through training workshops, seminars and presentations during which we actively sought, collated and shared feedback; by facilitating discussions of individual CERQual components within relevant organisations; through applying the approach within diverse qualitative evidence syntheses [7–17]; and through supporting other teams in using CERQual [18, 19]. As far as possible, we used a consensus approach in these processes. We also gathered feedback from CERQual users through an online feedback form and through short individual discussions. The methods used to develop CERQual are described in more detail in the first paper in this series .
As described above, relevance in the context of CERQual is defined as the extent to which the body of data from the primary studies supporting a review finding is applicable to the context specified in the review question . Relevance is the CERQual component that is anchored to the context specified in the review question. How the review question and objectives are expressed, how a priori subgroup analyses are specified and how theoretical considerations inform the review design are therefore critical to making an assessment of relevance when applying CERQual.
Evidence-informed health policymaking requires "relevant research"  that relates to the review question, which may be defined from initiation of the review or may emerge iteratively during the review process, and to the type of question that is being asked. The methodological literature similarly refers to the degree of fit of included studies to the structured review question as one type of internal validity . Internal validity, a term commonly used by systematic review authors, therefore maps onto the 'internal relevance' of included studies to the review question in a qualitative evidence synthesis.
In most qualitative evidence syntheses, the inclusion criteria for studies closely mirror the review question. Included studies must, by definition, be directly relevant to the review question. In other cases, the body of data from the primary studies may not be completely relevant because of differences between these data and the context of the review question, for instance differences in the focus of the study question, perspective or population, the phenomenon of interest or intervention, the setting or the timeframe. In some cases, the body of data from the included primary studies only partially address the context specified by the review question. This occurs if the body of data from the included studies covers only a subgroup of the population or a subtype of the intervention. In other cases, relevant studies are missing entirely. Under these circumstances, review authors sometimes extend the scope of eligible studies to include studies linked to the review question conceptually or by analogy.
CERQual focuses on the assessment of the internal relevance of the body of evidence from included studies contributing to a review finding, as mapped against the context of the review question. This assessment of relevance is not intended to make externally referent claims regarding the transferability, generalisability or applicability (terms that we take to mean the same) of a review finding. Wider external relevance (a concept that maps onto external validity––a term also commonly used by review authors conducting quantitative systematic reviews of the effectiveness of interventions) of a review finding is addressed in part by the overall CERQual assessment. This overall assessment, based on judgements for all four CERQual components, seeks to establish the extent to which a synthesis finding is a reasonable representation of the phenomenon of interest [1, 6]. An overall CERQual assessment communicates the extent to which the synthesis finding is likely to be substantially different from the phenomenon of interest, as defined in the review question. For completeness, an explanation of external relevance can be found in Additional file 2.
When assessing relevance in the context of CERQual, our aim is not to judge whether some absolute standard of relevance has been achieved, but to judge whether there are grounds for concern regarding relevance. Having identified any such concerns, we must consider whether these are sufficiently serious to lower our confidence in the review finding. We are likely to have concerns about relevance when the context of the included studies does not adequately reflect the context determined by the review question.
When designing any review and developing the protocol, you should consider and decide which contextual factors are important for the review question . By 'context', we refer to a complex and interacting composite that includes, but is not restricted to, the perspective, the population, the phenomenon of interest and the setting (Table 1). Review questions can be articulated using frameworks such as SPICE (Setting Perspective, Phenomenon of Interest, Evaluation) or adapted versions of PICO (Population, Phenomenon of Interest, Comparison, Outcomes) .
Suggested frameworks for describing the intervention include the i_CAT_SR tool  and TIDIER .
A priori identification of factors considered to be relevant to an individual review may also be facilitated, before commencement of a review, by reference to an available context framework or theory. Alternatively, a decision on likely factors may be informed by an existing review in a similar topic area. Incorporating insights from external frameworks, theories or comparable reviews at the design stage may help with a later assessment of relevance. For example, a specific theoretical perspective (such as a behavioural theory ) or lens (such as an equity lens ) may be adopted to help define and refine the review question and important contextual factors. Identification, selection and application of an appropriate theory are critical to this process, and Cochrane Guidance is available for review authors to aid in selecting social theories in reviews .
Depending on the methodology selected, you may specify the review question(s) a priori in the protocol or may develop question(s) iteratively as part of the review process, with the final question(s) being documented later. Information about the context of the review question may appear in several sections of the review protocol, including the structured review question, inclusion/exclusion criteria and any parameters set for the search and retrieval of studies . The review's inclusion and exclusion criteria are thus an important additional source of information when assessing relevance . Typically, these criteria include the geographical and temporal setting and the characteristics of the population, such as gender, ethnicity, religion and other demographic and cultural factors––the micro-context for the review (Table 1).
If the review explores how an intervention is implemented, then the review's inclusion and exclusion criteria are also likely to include the characteristics of the intervention and of those administering the intervention, and possibly also the organisational characteristics within which the intervention is delivered (the meso-context). For other review questions, particularly those related to policy, the political and legislative background context (the macro-context) are equally, if not more, important.
You may also augment the core review question, for instance by pre-specifying specific subgroups of the population or setting (for instance, young men or rural health facilities) that you will consider separately in the analysis. Pre-specification of subgroup analyses offers review authors the opportunity to apply CERQual to subgroup level findings. However, we recognise that review authors may only uncover meaningful groupings as they conduct the review itself.
If you are applying CERQual to someone else's review and the original question and context remain unchanged, then step 1 would apply in the same way. At present, we have no empirical base for guidance on applying CERQual to someone else's review when aspects of the original context of the review question have been changed to reflect a new context. We have yet to undertake the methodological development and testing for this specific application of CERQual.
As a review author, you need to make an informed judgement on how and why you selected primary studies in relation to your review question. In a qualitative evidence synthesis, you can choose different strategies when identifying and selecting studies to synthesise . For some syntheses, you may include all eligible primary studies, for example, when the qualitative synthesis is coterminous with an effectiveness review. For exploratory or interpretive syntheses, only a sample of the eligible studies may be included. When subsequently assessing relevance, you should reflect on how the sample was located and on the underpinning principles that determined its selection. For example, was the sample selected to explain the attitudes or behaviours of a particular group or to demonstrate the applicability of a theory across groups? In making decisions on how to select the sample of included studies, you may trade-off such factors as the methodological strengths and limitations of available studies (see paper 3 in this series ), the relevance of the evidence to the review question and, for instance, the geographical coverage of studies in relation to the review question. For example, if the question is global, review authors may purposively select studies from diverse settings. Conducting an initial knowledge map of potential studies to identify important contextual factors , together with other important elements, may help to design a sampling frame to inform decisions about studies for potential inclusion .
Pragmatically, the sampling strategy seeks to optimise the trade-off between the number of available studies that meets the inclusion criteria versus the time available to synthesise studies. A key consideration relates to whether or not a review is required to inform an imminent decision. Where this is the case, the decision maker needs to draw upon the most relevant available evidence and studies may be sampled on that basis. A further consideration is where dissemination bias might limit the identification of relevant evidence to address the question for a specific context. Recent work outlines the conceptual basis for the effects of dissemination bias in qualitative research and its likely extent [30, 31], while the final paper in this series  addresses how dissemination bias in qualitative research might impact upon a CERQual assessment.
Next, you need to gather information from included primary studies to help you to identify similarities between the context of the studies supporting each review finding and the context specified in the review question. Information about context in the primary studies that maps against the context of interest as specified in the review protocol may be reported throughout the primary study. This step is therefore a 'search, find and subsequently extract' exercise. As far as possible, you should ensure that this information is gathered as part of the screening or subsequent data extraction process.
An assessment of relevance is best facilitated by access to subject-specific knowledge either amongst the review authors or from an expert advisory group. To assess the relevance of the data, you need to identify similarities and differences between the context of the studies supporting each review finding and the context specified in the review question. You should assess relevance for each review finding individually and not for the review as a whole. Table 2 provides a non-exhaustive list of potentially important contextual factors when assessing relevance.
• Do particular characteristics related to the population specified in the review question (such as age, gender, socioeconomic status) raise concerns regarding the relevance of the review finding?
• Is the population reported in sufficient detail to make comparisons?
• Do particular characteristics related to the setting or place as specified in the review question warrant concerns regarding relevance of the review finding (such as urban versus rural, private versus public, low income versus high income)?
• Are the setting and place reported in sufficient detail to facilitate comparisons?
• Are the data likely to be very different from the context specified in the review question because of when these data were collected?
• Do particular characteristics related to the intervention, such as who implemented it and how it was implemented, raise concerns regarding the relevance of the review finding to the review question?
• Is the intervention reported in sufficient detail to make comparisons?
• Do particular socio-political characteristics in the study setting, such as type of government, legality of the intervention, or social and cultural values, raise concerns regarding the relevance of the review finding to the review question?
• Do particular characteristics, or lack of clarity, or lack of reporting concerning the phenomena of interest raise concerns regarding the relevance of the review finding to the question?
(Some of) the underlying data are of indirect relevance: this assessment is made where a review team is unable to identify studies that fully represent the context of the review, but is able to identify studies that correspond with some factors from the context of the review question but not with others. In other words, one or more aspects of context are substituted with another in these studies. For example, if a synthesis is looking at factors affecting the implementation of public health campaigns for bird flu but finds no, or very little, evidence of direct relevance to bird flu, they may choose to include indirect evidence from studies of swine flu campaigns to address the original synthesis question. This use of indirect evidence is based on the assumption that there are likely to be sufficient common factors between the implementation of the respective public health campaigns. In contrast, other contextual factors such as animal versus bird welfare and containment in a flu epidemic are likely to be very different. Review authors therefore need to be cautious when interpreting indirect evidence where some contextual factors are similar and others are not in order to ensure that the use of indirect evidence is not misleading.
(Some of) the underlying data are of partial relevance: this is assigned where a part of the context of the larger review question (e.g. a population subgroup) is addressed directly by a review finding but where evidence is lacking for the complete context specified in the review question. For example, a review question seeks to determine Muslim women's experiences of divorce and child custody. A finding that only includes evidence from Jordanian Muslem women may be assessed as "partially relevant" for Muslim women in general. In some circumstances, it may be more appropriate and meaningful to rephrase a finding to incorporate the aspects of context that indicate that the finding is for a particular 'subgroup' in relation to context. Using the same example, the evidence would be reassessed as "directly relevant" for a finding relating to Jordanian Muslim women specifically when this group was pre-specified as a subgroup of interest. Decisions on the level of granularity used when framing the findings depends upon the purpose and intended audience for your specific review.
It is unclear whether the underlying data is relevant (unclear relevance): this assessment should be reserved for situations where you have identified, typically a priori, important factors that influence the interpretation of review findings but where you are unable to identify those factors from included studies. For example, you have reason to believe that different age groups respond differently to health appointment reminders sent via mobile phone. However, the contributing qualitative studies do not describe the ages of the informants who contributed to specific findings, only supplying a general description of the demographics for all study participants.
Review authors should consider whether any characteristics related to each contextual factor previously identified as important, and reported in primary studies contributing to a finding, are directly, partially or indirectly relevant or of unknown relevance to the context specified in the review question. You may find it helpful to assign each study contributing to a review finding a relevance rating (directly relevant; indirectly relevant; partially relevant; of unclear relevance, with a short explanation). Tables 3, 4, 5 and 6 provide visual examples.
No or very minor concerns about relevance because in one study the setting was unclear. A small number of women whose views contributed to the synthesis were not African but they experienced the same issues giving birth in hospitals in African countries as African women.
Minor concerns about relevance because in three studies the health systems within which women were treated overlapped, but were not completely congruent, with the context of the synthesis question, or the health system was not reported. A small number of women whose views contributed to the synthesis were not African but they experienced the same issues giving birth in hospitals in African countries as African women.
Moderate concerns about relevance because three studies focussed on birth in general and attitudes to medically assisted birth whether women had as assisted birth or not. The health systems within which women were treated in five contributing studies overlapped with or varied from the context of the synthesis question. A small number of women whose views contributed to the synthesis were not African but they experienced the same issues giving birth in hospitals in African countries as African women. Two studies overlapped with the time period in question and included women whose experiences predated 2000.
Serious concerns about relevance because the health systems within which women were treated in the contributing studies varied from the context of the synthesis question. In four studies the timeframe overlapped or was different. Five studies reported other actors' interpretations of women's experiences. Only one small study included the perspectives of women and some of the women's views contributed to the synthesis were not African but they experienced the same issues giving birth in hospitals in African countries as African women.
You might have fewer concerns about relevance where the contexts of the studies contributing data to a finding match the context of the review question or a pre-identified subgroup. You are not, however, seeking a perfect fit between the included studies and the context of the review question. As with the other CERQual components, the emphasis is on characteristics that trigger significant concerns (see paper 2 in this series on making an overall CERQual assessment ). In many cases, you will assess the relevance of review findings that are supported by studies that are not derived from the exact setting for which the decision is intended. For example, even if one or more individual studies derive from the same country as the decision-making context, you cannot consider these studies to be fully representative of that country. Where multiple studies exist, derived directly from the decision-making context, these studies may represent different time periods within different political and economic settings. In general, we would have no concerns regarding relevance for a review finding where we judge there to be no important differences between the context of the data contributing to the review finding and the context specified in the review question.
Our confidence in a review finding may, however, be reduced where the relation between the contexts of the primary studies and that specified in the review question is not apparent. For example, there may be differences in the perspective or population, the phenomenon of interest or intervention, the context or the timeframe. In addition, in a review where studies with a direct relation are not found, you may include studies that imperfectly represent aspects of the context. For example, you may use studies conducted with immediately pre- or post-adolescents to inform a review question relating to adolescents if you have been unable to find any studies of the adolescents themselves.
The relevance of a review finding is not related to the number of primary studies contributing data to that finding. For instance, where a finding is based on data from a single study that matches the contextual factors identified in the review question, you would not have concerns about relevance. In contrast, you may have concerns about relevance for a review finding derived from multiple studies if the contexts of those studies do not match the context of the review question. How to assess adequacy of data as part of the CERQual approach is addressed elsewhere in this series .
You should begin with the assumption that there are no concerns regarding relevance for the body of data contributing to each review finding. In practice, very minor or minor concerns will usually not lower our confidence in the review finding, while serious concerns will lower our confidence. Moderate concerns may lead us to consider lowering our confidence, as part of our final assessment of all four CERQual components. Where you have concerns about relevance, you should describe these concerns in the CERQual Evidence Profile in sufficient detail to allow users of the review findings to understand the reasons for the assessments made (for more information, see ).
Concerns about relevance may not only impact on our confidence in a review finding but also may point to ways of improving future research. First of all, these concerns may indicate the need for more primary research that specifically addresses the evidence gap. The review team should also consider whether the review should be updated when this new research becomes available.
Secondly, where the evidence does not match the specificity of the review question, you should also consider contextual or conceptual justifications for including wider evidence to address the review question. For example, in the absence of relevant evidence on what works concerning public health risk communication in swine flu, you could consider using indirect evidence from risk communication in bird flu. You need to also consider whether the use of indirect evidence will impact on your assessment of the other CERQual components.
Assessing the relevance component requires that you consider potentially important contextual factors at an early stage in the review process. Concerns about relevance impact on assessments of confidence in review findings and are therefore integral to the CERQual approach. However, it is also important to remember that relevance is just one component of the CERQual approach. Having concerns about relevance may not necessarily lead to a downgrading of overall confidence in a review finding as it will be assessed alongside the other three CERQual components.
This paper describes the current thinking of CERQual developers in order to prompt review authors and others to consider issues relating to relevance of findings from qualitative evidence syntheses. However, the CERQual approach in general, and the relevance component in particular, continues to evolve and, in turn, to be informed by ongoing work on the application of research findings more generally.
Our thanks for their feedback to those who participated in the GRADE-CERQual Project Group meetings in January 2014 or June 2015 or gave comments to the paper: Elie Akl, Heather Ames, Zhenggang Bai, Rigmor Berg, Karen Daniels, Hans de Beer, Kenny Finlayson, Bela Ganatra, Susan Munabi-Babigumira, Andy Oxman, Vicky Pileggi, Kent Ranson, Rebecca Rees, Holger Schünemann, Elham Shakibazadeh, Birte Snilstveit, James Thomas, Hilary Thompson, Judith Thornton and Josh Vogel. Thanks also to Sarah Rosenbaum for developing the figures used in this series of papers and to the members of the GRADE Working Group for their input. The guidance in this paper has been developed in collaboration and agreement with the GRADE Working Group (http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org).
This work, including the publication charge for this article, was supported by funding from the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, WHO (www.who.int/alliance-hpsr/en/). Additional funding was provided by the Department of Reproductive Health and Research, WHO (http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/en/); Norad (Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation: www.norad.no), the Research Council of Norway (www.forskningsradet.no); and the Cochrane Methods Innovation Fund. SL is supported by funding from the South African Medical Research Council (www.mrc.ac.za). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, preparation of the manuscript or the decision to publish.
All authors participated in the conceptual design of the CERQual approach. JN and AB wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.
Colvin CJ, Garside R, Wainwright M, Lewin S, Bohren M, Glenton C, Munthe-Kaas HM, Carlsen B, Tuncalp Ö, Noyes J, et al. Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings––paper 4: how to assess coherence. Implement Sci. 2018;13(Suppl 1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0691-8.
Glenton C, Carlsen B, Lewin S, Munthe-Kaas HM, Colvin CJ, Tuncalp Ö, Bohren M, Noyes J, Booth A, Garside R, et al. Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings––paper 5: how to assess adequacy of data. Implement Sci. 2018;13(Suppl 1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0692-7.
Munthe-Kaas HM, Bohren M, Carlsen B, Glenton C, Lewin S, Colvin CJ, Tuncalp Ö, Noyes J, Booth A, Garside R, et al. Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings––paper 3: how to assess methodological limitations. Implement Sci. 2018;13(Suppl 1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0690-9.
Lewin S, Bohren M, Rashidian A, Glenton C, Munthe-Kaas HM, Carlsen B, Colvin CJ, Tuncalp Ö, Noyes J, Booth A, et al. Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings––paper 2: how to make an overall CERQual assessment of confidence and create a Summary of Qualitative Findings table. Implement Sci. 2018;13(Suppl 1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0689-2.
Lewin S, Booth A, Glenton C, Munthe-Kaas HM, Rashidian A, Wainwright M, Bohren MA, Tuncalp Ö, Colvin CJ, Garside R, et al. Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings: introduction to the series. Implement Sci. 2018;13(Suppl 1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0688-3.
Booth A, Lewin S, Glenton C, Munthe-Kaas HM, Meerpohl J, Rees R, Noyes J, Rashidian A, Berg R, Nyakango B, et al. Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings––paper 7: understanding the potential impacts of dissemination bias. Implement Sci. 2018;13(Suppl 1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0694-5.


No matter where you are in Lebanon you'll almost always find yourself on streets that are plastered with political banners. Some have bold statements written across a flat colored background, others are more visually expressive; depicting Lebanese landscapes, or the national flag majestically flying with a political slogan written beneath it.
With two months left for Lebanon's parliamentary elections, which are set to happen on May 6, the country's various political factions have been focusing on their media exposure. But, Megaphone, a politically engaged, yet not politically affiliated media platform, has been swaying those parties' audiences on social media.
Composed of activists, researchers and designers, Megaphone is an online platform making its presence on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. As one of the founders, who wished to remain anonymous, explains, Megaphone provides "an alternative way of commenting, and analyzing news through fact-checking and in-depth analysis", especially of topics avoided in the mainstream media, such as LGBTQ+ issues.
On a daily basis, the platform posts facts and quotes in relation to political events happening in the country. They also publish weekly summaries, reviewing what happened during the preceding seven days.
Most of their posts include flashy colored backgrounds, with bold fonts and a recognizable typography, giving the platform a signature look. Although first of its kind in Lebanon in terms of online news platforms, Megaphone is similar to international online channels of the type, such as Al Jazeera's AJ+, and the Huffington Post's social media pages. Similar to its international siblings, Megaphone targets "18 to 40 years old, who consume online media much more than traditional media," the interviewed founder said.
For the time being, the online platform is working on a website and a YouTube channel, with the hopes of becoming, within a year, "one of the leading alternative media in the country," as put by the interviewee.


The depth of designer Kazuko Akamatsu's Lumi-Line tabletop is only 3 millimeters, thanks to engineering ingenuity and a synergistic combination of materials. Akamatsu adhered bundled fiberglass threads to a nonstructural, translucent plastic sheet with a translucent liquid glue. The pattern of the reinforcing strings is not random, but rather the result of a structural study to determine how to construct the thinnest tabletop possible. The table surface, reinforcing, and legs all act together as one system in order to resist loads and allow the legs to be placed away from expected locations.
While Lumi-Line allows light to pass through its milky surface by day, it assumes an entirely different character at night. Akamatsu imbued the fiber strands with phosphorescence, thus rendering the strings as sharp glowing lines floating midair in the dark.


Meeting changing requirements and ensuring your products do not cause harm to the human lives they help save can be difficult in a complex compliance landscape. Some of the challenges you may face include managing your reputation and a high degree of stakeholder scrutiny, ensuring uninterrupted market access and business continuity, and avoiding financial penalties or class action lawsuits. Standardization and centralization are key factors to overcoming these challenges and supporting the success of your compliance programs, but they can be difficult to achieve as requirements for companies in your industry change.
Companies in the medical device industry may struggle with inconsistent data collection tools and templates, have internalized programs that lack normalized processes, and face specific challenges such as obtaining CE certification. We understand these challenges, and can work with your company to achieve success through efficient and automated supply chain data management and 24/7 support. Our regulatory experts help you understand and adapt to the changing landscape, and prepare your programs to scale.
Gain a better understanding of the compliance landscape for companies in the medical device industry, and get insights into achieving program success.
EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive.
Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation & Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulation.
EU Medical Device Regulation (EU MDR 2017/745) and EU In-Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation (IVDR 2017/746).
Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) Codes.
Country of origin (COO) requirements.
U.S. Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR).
Labour Standards Assurance System (LSAS).


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Q: Safari iOS7: Bottom bar can't be hidden when using -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; So I'm working on a web application that has a fixed bar on the bottom. In order for this to behave like a truly fixed bottom bar, in mobile Safari it is necessary to use position: fixed on the content above it (with bottom set to the height of the bottom bar) and also set -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch on this content in order for it to scroll as if it weren't fixed.
The problem is that if Safari's bottom bar is hidden and then you try to click on our app's bottom bar, this will make Safari's own bottom bar appear, but without triggering a resize event which will effectively hide our app's bottom bar even though it has position: fixed. Safari's bottom bar normally goes away once you scroll the content, except that our content has -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; set, so it apparently doesn't trigger UI hiding.
I'm looking for a way to either prevent Safari's bottom bar from popping up when clicking at the bottom of the page, or being able to hide the UI when scrolling, even if the content that is scrolled has -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; set. Thanks.

A: By using the minimal-ui meta content tag in IOS 7.1, this can be achieved.
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, minimal-ui">

Read more about it here.
When IOS 7 just came out, this was a huge problem for iphone apps, because the Safari interface stole so much screen real estate. Especially with iPhone 4 where the screen is so much smaller.

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Congress Funds OSHA, MSHA at 2015 Levels; NIOSH Receives Increase
On Dec. 18, Congress passed a federal budget for fiscal year 2016 that provides flat funding for OSHA and MSHA, and a modest increase for NIOSH. The total funding for OSHA of $552.8 million is $39 million less than President Obama had requested for the agency. Much of that difference comes from OSHA's enforcement programs, which received $208 million, about $17.6 million less than the President's request. Writing in his "Happenings on the Hill" newsletter (PDF; login required), AIHA Government Affairs Director Aaron Trippler observed that the funding for OSHA "isn't enough to even keep up with inflation and will not allow OSHA to add personnel to the whistleblower program as planned or pursue other new agenda items." MSHA's total of $375.9 million was $19 million less than President Obama's request. As with OSHA, the mine agency's enforcement programs fared worst, receiving nearly $8 million less than the President had requested. Unlike its sister agencies, NIOSH saw its total funding grow to $339.1 million—$4.2 million more than the agency received for FY 2015 and nearly $56 million more than the President had requested for FY 2016. The omnibus appropriations bill was the first budget enacted by Congress in six years. From 2010 through 2014, Congress funded the government through continuing resolutions, which authorized federal agencies to continue spending at their current levels. The bill also includes a policy rider that prohibits OSHA from implementing changes to its enforcement policy for the agency's Process Safety Management (PSM) standard. The changes, which OSHA announced in July 2015, exempt retail facilities from coverage under the PSM standard. The language in the appropriations bill characterizes OSHA's action as an "attempt to change prevailing agency policies without proposing regulatory changes under the requirements of the Administrative Procedures Act" and requires the agency to submit the policy through the rulemaking and public comment procedure before it can be enforced. The individual appropriations bills that comprise the omnibus bill are available as PDFs from the website of the House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations.
Video source: UK Health and Safety Executive. Total run time: 17:32.


Good morning and welcome to Tuesday Blog Share. Today, we're going to discuss the importance of getting historical settings right. Why is this important? It all comes down to details. Having a historical setting in the '70s means you can't have your characters using cell phones, as they weren't available to the general public yet. This means looking up phone booths and how they were used. Imagine a time when you needed dimes, nickels, and quarters in your purse or pocket to make a phone call. It happened and not including information like this in your book can bring out reviews that you haven't done your research!
The summer solstice has arrived. Being the sun worshipers they are, Wildcat Crew heads to the beach for a day of fun and a picnic. But first, Marnie gets a huge surprise. Her parents have replaced her Camaro, destroyed in their first case.
At the beach with thousands of other Southern Californians, the crew stumbles over a small, crying child. Instead of checking out the waves and working on their tans, they go on the hunt for the little boy's parents.
Loud voices startled Luke Timmons. He could hear the ocean outside his open bedroom window and wanted to go to the beach. His mommy and daddy had promised him that he could pick where he spent his fifth birthday and he wanted to run into the ocean, build a sandcastle, and have a lot of fun.
Luke's mommy's name was Liz. His daddy was Brian. The idea of having his mommy crying and his daddy "sick" today made his tummy hurt. They had promised him a really fun birthday of going to the beach, and to get pizza later. Daddy even promised to buy Luke an ice cream cone for dessert if he was good all day long.
He sat on the edge of his bed, swinging his legs back and forth. Luke hated when his daddy yelled. He was waiting for his mommy to cry. She always did when Daddy got mad.
A loud crack startled Luke. He put a fist into his mouth so he wouldn't make any noise. Noise was bad when Daddy was mad.
I just want to have my party, like Mommy and Daddy promised.


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John Van Dyke (* 3. April 1807 in Lamington, Somerset County, New Jersey; † 24. Dezember 1878 in Wabasha, Minnesota) war ein US-amerikanischer Jurist und Politiker. Zwischen 1847 und 1851 vertrat er den Bundesstaat New Jersey im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
John Van Dyke besuchte die öffentlichen Schulen seiner Heimat. Nach einem anschließenden Jurastudium und seiner 1836 erfolgten Zulassung als Rechtsanwalt begann er in New Brunswick in diesem Beruf zu arbeiten. Im Jahr 1841 war er Staatsanwalt im Middlesex County. In den Jahren 1846 und 1847 amtierte Van Dyke als Bürgermeister von New Brunswick. Er war außerdem Präsident der dortigen Niederlassung der Bank of New Jersey.

Politisch war Van Dyke Mitglied der Whig Party. Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 1846 wurde er im vierten Wahlbezirk von New Jersey in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington, D.C. gewählt, wo er am 4. März 1847 die Nachfolge von Joseph E. Edsall antrat. Nach einer Wiederwahl konnte er bis zum 3. März 1851 zwei Legislaturperioden im Kongress absolvieren. Diese waren zunächst noch von den Ereignissen des Mexikanisch-Amerikanischen Krieges geprägt. Im Jahr 1850 verzichtete er auf eine erneute Kongresskandidatur.

Nach dem Ende seiner Zeit im US-Repräsentantenhaus praktizierte Van Dyke wieder als Anwalt. Nach der Auflösung der Whigs schloss er sich der 1854 gegründeten Republikanischen Partei an. Im Jahr 1856 nahm er als Delegierter an der ersten Republican National Convention in Philadelphia teil, auf der John C. Frémont als Präsidentschaftskandidat nominiert wurde. Von 1859 bis 1866 war Van Dyke Richter am New Jersey Supreme Court. 1868 zog er nach Wabasha in Minnesota. In den Jahren 1872 und 1873 saß er im dortigen Staatssenat. Von 1873 bis zu seinem Tod war Van Dyke Richter im dritten Gerichtsbezirk von Minnesota. Er starb am 24. Dezember 1878 in Wabasha, wo er auch beigesetzt wurde.

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für New Jersey
Mitglied des Senats von Minnesota
Bürgermeister (New Brunswick, New Jersey)
Mitglied der United States Whig Party
Mitglied der Republikanischen Partei
Richter (New Jersey Supreme Court)
Richter (Minnesota)
Staatsanwalt (Vereinigte Staaten)
Rechtsanwalt (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1807
Gestorben 1878
Mann

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