Washington D.C. [United States], Mar 01 (ANI): United States President Donald Trump's former campaign chairman Paul Manafort on Wednesday pleaded not guilty to a new indictment brought against him in the Russia investigation and will face trial in September.
Washington D.C. [USA], Feb 27 (ANI): United States Senator Bernie Sanders has apparently struggled to address the recent allegations of Russia's collusion in the 2016 US presidential elections.
Washington D.C. [USA], Feb 18 (ANI): United States President Donald Trump on Saturday slammed the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) over the Florida school shooting, saying that the agency "missed all of the many signals" sent by the shooter, who killed 17 people and injured 14 others.
Washington DC [United States], Feb 18 (ANI): United States President Donald Trump has attacked the news media over the coverage of special counsel Robert Mueller's indictment of 13 Russians accused of meddling in the 2016 election.
Washington DC [United States], Feb 17 (ANI): United States President Donald Trump on Friday announced that a new round of indictments in special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation shows his campaign "did nothing wrong" and prove there was "no collusion" with Russia.
Washington DC [United States], Feb 17 (ANI): United States Special counsel Robert Mueller has indicted 13 Russian nationals for allegedly interfering in the 2016 United States elections.
Washington D.C. [U.S.A.] Feb 3 (ANI) The Democrats have told US President Donald Trump that using the Republican memo as a "pretext" to fire Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein or Special Counsel Robert Mueller would spark a "constitutional crisis".
Washington DC [United States] Feb 2 (ANI): The White House on Friday is likely to give Congress approval to release a Republican-drafted memo, despite of a warning from the top US law enforcement agency.
Washington D.C [USA], Jan 30 (ANI): The Trump Administration has released a list of Russian politicians and businessmen, who have "flourished" under Russian President Vladimir Putin's rule.
Washington D.C [USA], Jan 25 (ANI): United States President Donald Trump on Wednesday planned to meet and speak with special counsel Robert Mueller soon, in connection with the Russian collusion investigation.
Washington DC [United States], Jan 17 (ANI): Former White House chief strategist Steve Bannon was subpoenaed last week to testify before a grand jury in special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation into Russian efforts to influence the 2016 election, The New York Times reported.


It never hurts to visit dentists, especially Dr. Dinh who was very nice, he was really painless. I liked the TV's on the ceiling.
"Pleased with all aspects of my service"
I am having some major dental work done, and have been pleased with all aspects of my service from Dr. Dinh and his staff. They have done a great job of communicating my treatment plan and the costs of each step. When I've been in the chair, Dr. Dinh has had a terrific "chairside manner", and has answered all of my questions completely and thoroughly. In addition, I love that the office is so modern looking, and everything is extremely clean and well-maintained. I heartily recommend this dental office.


Bangalore is a city of contrasts -- modern buildings, high tech communications, side by side with traditional manual work.
Yahoo's India headquarters is seen here, just behind a satellite dish in downtown Bangalore.
Dawn over the cricket field at the Bangalore Club. This field is used for cricket practice and matches pretty much dawn to dusk, 6 days a week. Behind is another large high tech building.
Construction work is completely manual. This is a small view from a large excavation site, where a new modern building will soon be built. Not a single piece of machinery is visible. The workers are mostly barefoot women, carrying the piles of dirt on their heads.
These men are wearing lunghis, not miniskirts.
Here I am standing in front of the Karnataka State House. This is a massive building of government offices.


text:
Kaiaua Public Conveniences
We need to talk about public conveniences in Kaiaua
In 2019, we asked for your feedback on our plans for a parking area at the Kaiaua end of the Hauraki Rail Trail north of Kaiaua township.
At that time, our plans included day and overnight parking areas with natural landscaping, picnic areas and a toilet and shower facility.
Quite a bit of time has passed since these plans were finalised so we've given them a final once over before we start work on the project. After completing this review, we think having a public toilet and shower facility in the area near the pirate ship playground makes more sense than putting them in the overnight parking area.
This is because they would be accessible to more people there, including users of the playground, visitors to the Pink Store, boat ramp users and travellers stopping to stretch their legs. There is also more space to plant screening plants to help the facility blend into the natural landscape. We would still provide day and overnight parking areas, natural landscaping and picnic areas in the original location.
It would only be a short walk for people staying or picnicking in the overnight parking area to use the toilets and shower in the pirate ship playground area.
Thanks for sharing your thoughts | Ngā manaakitanga mō ōu Koutou whakaaro
We received feedback from more than 80 people through our online survey, social media, community drop-in session, letters and emails.
Overall, we heard that you think having public toilets in the area near the pirate ship playground makes more sense than putting them in the overnight parking area at the Kaiaua end of the Hauraki Rail Trail north of Kaiaua township.
We agree this is the best spot because it would be accessible to more people, including users of the playground, visitors to the Pink Store, and travellers stopping to stretch their legs. There is also more space to plant screening plants to help the facility blend into the natural landscape. It would only be a short walk for people staying or picnicking in the overnight parking area to use it.
Review of all public toilets in the Kaiaua township in 2022
We'll do a review of all public toilets in the Kaiaua township in 2022 to make sure they're fit for purpose.
We heard loud and clear that you don't want public conveniences in the overnight parking area north of Kaiaua. Other feedback considered as part of the decision making included some requests for other options, such as having public toilets at two sites to cater for visitors and locals. The possiblity of reopening the public toilets toilets in the area near the boat club was also raised. The toilets in the boat club area are permanently closed to the public because the site is wāhi tapu.
All going to plan
We'll start getting the site ready for the new public conveniences in June and all going to plan they'll be ready in time for summer
We considered your feedback at a meeting in May and decided that the new public convenience facility should be located near the Pirate Playground in Kaiaua.
This is so they would be accessible to more people there, including users of the playground, visitors to the Pink Store, boat ramp users and travellers stopping to stretch their legs. There is also more space to plant screening plants to help the facility blend into the natural landscape. We would still provide day and overnight parking areas, natural landscaping and picnic areas in the original location.
The opportunity to provide written feedback has now closed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
EDDC_CMYK_reduced size_with keyline
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Fresh application for Green Close retirement apartments in Sidmouth
News Fresh application for Green Close retirement apartments in Sidmouth
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Council's development management committee to consider further planning application by Churchill Retirement Living for 40 sheltered apartments at Green Close/Drakes Avenue, Sidmouth
A third planning application submitted by Churchill Retirement Living for the construction of retirement apartments on land at Green Close/Drakes Avenue in Sidmouth will be debated and determined by East Devon District Council's Development Management Committee at its next meeting on 4 December. The meeting starts at 10am in the Council Chamber at Knowle in Sidmouth.
The planning application proposes 40 sheltered apartments with 24 car parking spaces and follows two previous planning applications for 36 and 39 apartments respectively.
Both previous applications were refused on the basis that they failed to provide a sufficient contribution towards affordable housing. Initially, for the first application, a financial contribution of only £40,000 was offered towards affordable housing, on the basis that it was not viable for the scheme to pay more than that. The developer also refused to share any uplift in their profit from the site to address concerns that they may ultimately make more than was being estimated. That application was refused and that decision was upheld on appeal. A second application proposed a financial contribution of £654,870, but this was still less than was required and the developer again refused to share any uplift in profits and so this was also refused and is currently the subject of an appeal.
Following a change in Central Government Policy, through the publication of the new National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) in July 2018, Churchill Retirement Living has submitted a third application offering a financial contribution of £677,434.
Due to a change of planning policy within the NPPF, planning officers are advising members that they can no longer require an applicant to enter into a legal agreement to secure a further contribution on this site. This is because the new NPPF advises that in order to support the re-use of brownfield land, local authorities should reduce any affordable housing contribution by an amount proportionate to the floor space of the existing building.
Planning officers are advising that this change to the NPPF means that the proposal now complies with current planning policy and as such there is no longer a justification for any further contribution towards affordable housing and therefore no need for any further legal agreement. In effect Churchill Retirement Living is now proposing to pay the full affordable housing contribution.
As the latest application is considered to be acceptable in all other regards, the application is recommended for approval subject to a number of conditions and is subject to a legal agreement to secure payment of a financial contribution of £677,434 to the council towards the provision of affordable housing within the district.
For further information read the agenda on the East Devon web site:
Councillor Mike Howe, Chairman of East Devon's Development Management Committee, said:
This development has a long and protracted history with this now being the 3rd application from Churchill Retirement Living, with a 2nd appeal also running. In the meantime, the site is now vacant and not providing the care homes places that are needed. Although now supported by officers the application has raised a number of concerns for the town council and ten residents remain opposed to the scheme. I look forward to a healthy debate of the issues at the committee meeting.
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Elements: When deleting a copy, will deleting from the hard disk remove only the copy?
Yes. The catalog references the file on the hard disk. Deleting the file in the OS deletes the file from the organizer.
From a Windows standpoint (and for the Mac later) I would like to add that the copy goes to the Recycle Bin in Windows in case you want to restore it, and the copy is not completely lost from the disc. If you delete a file from the Recycle Bin, the copy is no longer in that bin but the first letter of the file is replaced by a dollar sign ($) as it goes to the lost files folder on the disc which a place you will never find, but it is seen from a recovery program which can find these files and restore them. To completely delete the files use the "disc cleanup" utility.
On a Mac, deleted files go to the Trash Bin where files can be dragged back out to the original folder to be restored, or deleted from the Trash Bin completely. Again, any final deleted files can be removed in the Finder window.
In the Finder, go to the menu bar, click on "Go to Folder" and type ~/Library/caches. That will delete the files or folder that are taking up disc space. Alternatively, you can eliminate the tilde (~) symbol in /Library/Caches to perform the same function.
When deleting files from both computers, at the disc files in Elements will be deleted but can be recovered like above.


Everyone should know, Big Bear played bigger role in beta. Also he was planned to help CJ during gang wars. We can find his appearance with Families colors in game files named (csbigbear2) But he just another clone of the csblue2. So i decided to make big bear half fat and with this appearance. It contains optional appearances with his original shoes/shirt and pants for big bear.
I mean no hate at all, but he's looking very creepy.
Fat/Thin Big bears in the game is already looking very creepy.


There's no telling of what people might be exposed to in the media nowadays, from graphic violence to sexually explicit contents. Having the ability to consciously be aware, and critical to the credibility of information provided or presented by the mainstream media has been an increasingly important subject in media education.
Media literacy is generally defined as the ability to access, analyze, evaluate and create one's own messages in print, audio, video, and multimedia (Aufderheide, 1993). Access here would imply the ability to locate media from various sources i.e. television, radio, newspaper, and Internet. Analyze and evaluate would be to instill a critical thinking attitude whilst consuming media materials, understanding that not everything seen or heard can be trusted as credible information. Lastly to create means the ability to construct messages in variety of media forms to express their views and concerns about the issues facing them.
The role of media literacy is to develop both critical understanding and active participations that enhances critical and creative abilities in young people. What this means is that consumers of the media should always maintain an active viewing mindset rather than being passively receptive towards everything that is being shown. It is important that young people must learn to spot a stereotype, distinguish facts from propaganda and important news from coverage. Noted researcher David Buckingham(2002) stresses that a more "hands on" approach with digital technology is a starting step in learning in an engaging and meaningful way. However, the attainment of this literariness requires a mindset that is capable of questioning and looking beyond the surface when evaluating information in terms of its sense of balance, bias and accuracy. In efforts to attain media literacy, a critical understanding of digital technologies; the ability to make and manipulate moving images will become more important than ever.
The hands on approach such as that adopted in TMC Academy Mass Communication courses, in learning simply the art of working a camera, and how different shots and angles can produce different meanings aid to the development of media literacy. Once a person is exposed to such knowledge, the power of discernment then shifts to the audience or consumers. In this context, students of Mass Communications are given an opportunity to apply skills of critical analysis, thinking, synthesizing, evaluating knowledge, and attitude when digital tools are utilized. Consequently, media literacy can be considered as an essential surviving skill in this mass-mediated environment.
*Part of this article is taken from a paper co-written by Aaron Rao & Dr. N.V. Prasad titled "Media Literacy in Post Graduate Video Productions".
Aufderheide, P (Ed.) (1993). Media Literacy: A Report of the National Leadership Conference on Media Literacy. Aspen Co: Aspen Institute.
Buckingham, D (2002). The Electronic Generation? Children and New Media. Manchester: Manchester University Press.


for the facebook Page from best Manufacturers.
One way to cheap facebook likes is to have got celebs bring in a write-up to suit your needs.
along with quick, Come on Fans to your report.
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youtube views in addition to quick for ones youtube Profile by ideal Vendors.
development different), so it is up to someone involved to find a way to deal with them.
Please make sure that your contractor is licensed and ask them to show you their license.
taken the issue to a new level.


Technological innovation is the major source of long-term growth in developed economies. In the UK we're now in the most persistent period of slow or no growth this century. So what is the role of technological innovation – or the lack of it – in the UK's growth crisis?There has been a dramatic relative decline in the research and development (R&D) intensity of the UK over the last thirty years, compared both to established competitor nations, such as Germany and the USA, and rapidly developing countries, such as South Korea and China. In 1980, the 2.35% of GDP that the UK spent on R&D made it one of the world's most research-intensive economies. By 2010, this share had dropped to 1.77%, and the UK is now one of the least research-intensive of the developed economies.
Technological innovation isn't the same as research and development, and there's no reason to expect a direct relationship between the R&D intensity of an economy and growth. But the story underlying this headline reflects wider changes in the structure of the UK's economy. These changes have made the UK economy less able to benefit from technological innovation. They're connected also with a more general failing to invest for the long term. Rectifying them will surely require much larger-scale interventions than currently envisaged.
Most R&D is applied research, carried out in businesses and government laboratories. It is in the area of applied research, rather than academic science, that the UK has atrophied; expenditure on R&D carried out in business as a proportion of GDP has fallen from 1.48% in 1980 to 1.11% in 2008. To put this into context, the corresponding 2008 figures for Germany, the USA, Japan and Korea are 1.86%, 2.02%, 2.7% and 2.53% respectively!
This decline in applied research – the sort that directly translates into new processes and products – has been driven by two features of the recent UK political economy. The first arises from the structure of financial markets, which has put a premium on achieving shareholder returns in the short term and thus rewarded finance-driven deal-making, rather than patient business-building. The neglect of long-term R&D should be seen as part of a general problem of misallocation of resources arising from the excessively 'financialised' variety of capitalism recently pursued in the UK.
The result can be seen in the fates of two companies that once supported a substantial proportion of the UK's corporate R&D – the chemicals giant ICI and the electrical and electronics combine GEC. They have now disappeared after a series of misadventures in corporate restructuring.
Neither ICI nor GEC, even in their heyday, were without their faults, but it's difficult to argue that the German economy is weaker today because their analogous companies – BASF and Siemens – still flourish. Conversely, few doubt that, in sectors where a large, R&D-intensive company still remains, the benefits to the wider economy are substantial. Think of aerospace and Rolls-Royce, and recall the latter's rescue from bankruptcy by nationalisation in the 1970s.
The second ingredient has been privatisation, particularly in the utilities sector. Arguably, before privatisation, the UK energy industry was characterised by a degree of over-investment, with extensive R&D part of that. But the reaction by the new owners of this national infrastructure was extreme. Between 1994 and 2005 the R&D spend of the entire privatised utility sector – comprising the electricity, gas and water supply – fell from £170 million to the astonishingly low figure of £15 million. The new owners found it more immediately profitable to use financial engineering to extract cash from these assets than to make long-term investments in R&D.
Successive governments have responded to this situation through a supply-side innovation policy. This has evolved with a considerable degree of bipartisan continuity, from the Major government's 'Realising Our Potential' White Paper in 1993, through the Blair government's 2004 'Science and Innovation Investment Framework', to the current position of the Coalition. The focus has been on developing a strong higher education research base, encouraging connections between research and industry, accelerating the commercial exploitation of intellectual property arising from research through spin-out companies, and taking measures to ensure a supply of trained people.
Nor has this policy framework been without positive results. Its successes include some substantial inward investment into the UK, which has led to a relatively high proportion of UK R&D being foreign-funded. The university science base is strong, well connected with industry, and there has been growing spin-out activity. But this has not been enough. Business-sponsored R&D continues its relative decline and university spin-outs seem unable to reach the scale required to make an impact on the wider economy.
It is time to admit that supply-side innovation policy is not enough, and that we need somehow to generate the demand for technological innovation that our current political economy doesn't provide.
In the 1950s and 60s, the UK saw sustained growth driven by technological innovation; it was the demands of defence that drove this wave of innovation. The effects were long-lasting; in the USA an electronics industry created by defence spending in Silicon Valley led to new opportunities in information technology whose consequences are ongoing. However, the drivers for digital innovation are now to be found largely in entertainment and advertising. The characteristics of this current wave of digital innovation – relatively low barriers to entry and a background of rapid but incremental improvement of the capabilities of the underlying hardware – means that rapid progress can be delivered through the market.
It's important to recognise, though, that not all forms of technological innovation are the same. It requires much greater investment of time and money in, say, the material and biological domains than in digital innovation. In other words, building a new nuclear reactor with a novel design is an entirely different scale of endeavour to writing a new iPhone app. The world-changing technological innovations of the 20th century required state interventions at a scale for which we have now lost our nerve and appetite.
The areas in which society needs innovation now are clear – for example, we need to make low-carbon energy scalable and cheap, whilst in the context of ageing populations healthcare needs to be made more effective and affordable. It is in these areas that our current, market-focused, political economy is not delivering. More dramatic interventions are required.


With one gallery in Newcastle and the other in London. Steve Lazarides has made the Lazarides Gallery one of the most recognised in the UK. Much of that is down to being Banky's agent at one point and something of an authority on emerging trends in the underground art scene. The gallery opened in 2006 and has remained at the forefront of exhibiting innovative and challenging art ever since.
From influential artists like Jonathan Yeo and Antony Micallef, through to pioneering street artsits such as Mode 2 and Todd James, the varied range of art on display at ensured the gallery has retained a thriving and somewhat unconventional approach.
Opening Times: Wednesday - Saturday: 11am -7pm.


text:
\section{Introduction and Conclusions}

Recently, Kachru et al. proposed an interesting
set--up to stabilize the moduli within the framework
of type IIB string theory orientifolds. The KKLT set--up \cite{Kachru:2003aw}
involves three steps to achieve a SUSY breaking Minkowski
vacuum, while stabilizing all moduli. The first step is to introduce
the NS and RR 3-form fluxes, $H_3$ and $F_3$, stabilizing the
dilaton $S$ and all complex structure moduli $U_{\alpha}$
\cite{Giddings:2001yu}.
In the second step, the overall Kahler modulus $T$ is fixed by non--perturbative
effects such as gaugino condensation \cite{Nilles:1982ik}.
The last step is to introduce an explicit SUSY breaking term
induced by anti $D3$-branes providing a positive uplifting potential
which would generate a dS vacuum. An obvious drawback of this procedure is the third step, the need of introducing
a sector with nonlinearly realized supersymmetry. It was later proposed \cite{Burgess:2003ic} to replace in the third step
the antibranes by a D-term spontaneous supersymmetry breaking sector induced by magnetic fluxes on the world-volume of
$D7$-branes. As shown later on \cite{Dudas:2005vv}, \cite{Villadoro:2005yq}, \cite{Achucarro:2006zf}, \cite{choi}
and reviewed in Section 2, however, gauge invariance imposes restrictions on the resulting
effective Lagrangian which makes this step difficult to reconcile with low-energy supersymmetry, namely D-terms uplifting
asks (in the absence of additional fine-tuning) for a very large gravitino mass, generically two orders of magnitude
below the Planck mass. We show explicitly in Section 3 by analytical methods, in the case where the gaugino condensation
scale is below the Fayet--Iliopoulos (FI) scale, that the generic value of the D-terms is of the order of
D $\sim m_{3/2}^2$,
whereas values needed for the uplifting are of order $D \sim m_{3/2} M_P$. It is possible to have much larger values
of the D-terms, of order $g^4 M_P^4$, where $g$ denotes some gauge coupling constant
\cite{Villadoro:2005yq, Achucarro:2006zf},
at the price of  having no separation between the FI terms and the gaugino condensation scale, the outcome being
a very large gravitino mass.
Whereas this result can be avoided in more involved constructions, we believe that generically an additional fine-tuning
will be needed in order to keep the gravitino light.
   In the second part of this letter, we show that the situation changes significantly by including corrections to the
Kahler potential of the relevant modulus field $T$. Such corrections arise inevitably through quantum corrections and/or
$\alpha'$ corrections in string theory. We show in general and exemplify with an example that in this case the uplifting
is more likely to be compatible with low energy supersymmetry. We leave for future work a complete phenomenological
analysis of the uplifting models we studied from the point of view of the computation of soft terms and their
low-energy consequences.

The plan of this letter is as follows. Section 2 discusses the issue of D-term uplifting versus gauge invariance.
In section 3 we work out analytically the example of a hidden sector coupled to an anomalous $U(1)$ gauge
symmetry, in the limit
where the FI scale is much higher than the gaugino condensation scale, in both cases of positive and negative
value of the FI term. In the first case, the requirements of zero vacuum energy and TeV scale gravitino mass asks
for unrealistically low values of the FI term in the TeV range, whereas natural values of the FI term lead to
gravitino masses larger than about $10^{-2} M_P$. In the second case, zero vacuum energy with TeV gravitino
mass asks for intermediate
values of the FI term, whereas natural values of the FI term lead to gravitino masses larger than about $10^{-6} M_P$.
  Section 4 presents the general features of Kahler uplifting and an explicit example
illustrates the compatibility between the Kahler uplifting and TeV values for the gravitino mass.

\section{D-terms, gauge invariance and anomalies}
\subsection{The heterotic case}
Gaugino condensation in heterotic theories in the presence of the (generic) anomalous $U(1)$ gauge symmetry
has to fulfill the consistency requirements dictated by the
coexistence of the two local symmetries : supersymmetry and the
gauge symmetry. Indeed, $U(1)$ gauge transformations act as\footnote{We use here the same convention as in
\cite{Binetruy:1996uv} to define charges of chiral superfields.}
\begin{eqnarray}
&& \delta V_X \ = \  \Lambda \ + \ {\bar \Lambda} \qquad , \quad
\delta \phi^i \ = \ - 2 \ q_i \ \phi^i \ \Lambda \ \equiv \ -2 X^i \Lambda \ , \nonumber \\
&& \delta S \ = \ \delta_{GS} \ \Lambda \ \equiv \ -2 \ X^S \Lambda \ ,   \label{gi1}
\end{eqnarray}
where $X^i,X^S$ define the holomorphic Killing vectors, which appear in the D-term
\begin{equation}
D_X \ = \ X^i \ \partial_i G \ = \  X^i \ \partial_i K \ = \    q_i \ \phi^i \ \partial_i K \ +
\ {\delta_{GS} \over 2 (S + {\bar S})} \ , \label{gi01}
\end{equation}
where in (\ref{gi01}) $G = K + \ln |W|^2$ and we used the gauge invariance of the superpotential $X^i \partial_i W = 0$.
The FI term is encoded in the modified Kahler potential for the universal dilaton-axion
\begin{equation}
K \ = \ - \ \ln \ (S \ + \ {\bar S} \ - \ \delta_{GS} V_X) \ . \label{gi02}
\end{equation}
 The pure Super--Yang--Mills gaugino condensation
superpotential $e^{-3 S/2b_0 }$, where $b_0$ is the beta function of the hidden sector, is therefore
not gauge invariant. Does this mean that gauge
invariance forbids gaugino condensation to take place ? The answer
to this question in the simpler situation of the heterotic string
was given some time ago in \cite{Binetruy:1996uv}. It was shown
there that the Green-Schwarz (GS) cancellation of gauge anomalies
restricts the nonperturbative dynamics such that the nonperturbative
superpotential is precisely gauge invariant. We summarize here the
argument in order to generalize it later on to orientifold models with open string
fluxes. In the perturbative heterotic constructions, there is only
one possible anomalous $U(1)_X$ and one field, the universal
axion-dilaton $S$, transforming non-linearly under gauge
transformations (\ref{gi1}). Anomaly cancellation
conditions relate mixed anomalies $C_i = U(1)_X G_i^2$, where $G_i$
are the various semi-simple factors of the gauge group $G =
\prod_{i=1}^N G_i$, such that

\begin{equation}
\delta_{GS} \ = \ {C_1 \over k_1} \ =  \ {C_2 \over k_2} = \cdots {C_N
\over k_N} \ = \ {1 \over 192 \pi^2} Tr q \ , \label{gi2}
\end{equation}
where $k_i$ are the Kac-Moody levels defining the tree-level gauge
kinetic functions
\begin{equation}
f_i \ = \ k_i \ S \ . \label{gi3}
\end{equation}
The last term in (\ref{gi2}) is the Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) term, proportional to the mixed $U(1)_X$ - gravitational
anomaly, where $Tr q$ is the sum of $U(1)$ charges over all the charged
fermions in the spectrum. Therefore, once the FI term is generated,
all mixed anomalies have to be different from zero and the hidden
sector {\it must} contain charged matter. Taking for simplicity a
SUSY--QCD with $N_c$ colors and $N_f$ flavors with $N_f < N_c$ and
denoting by $Q$ ($\tilde Q$) the hidden sector quarks (antiquarks)
of $U(1)$ charges $q$ (${\tilde q}$), the GS conditions fix
completely the sum of the charges to be
\begin{equation}
C_h \ = \ {1 \over 4 \pi^2} \ N_f (q + {\tilde q}) \ = \ \delta_{GS} k_h \ . \label{gi4}
\end{equation}
This turns out to be precisely the gauge invariance condition of the
nonperturbative superpotential
\begin{equation}
W_{np} \ = \ (N_c-N_f) \left[ {e^{- 8 \pi^2 k_h S} \over det (Q {\tilde Q})}
\right]^{1 \over N_c-N_f} \ . \label{gi5}
\end{equation}
Notice that anomaly cancellations (\ref{gi2}) and the structure of the D-term (\ref{gi01}) unambigously shows that the the charge
of the hidden sector mesons $Q {\tilde Q}$ has the same sign as the induced FI term. Since in all heterotic models there is at least
one scalar $\phi$ of the appropriate (negative, in our conventions in what follows) charge in order to be able to compensate the FI term at tree-level,
the simplest model adressing moduli stabilisation with D-terms contain the modulus $S$, the hidden sector meson fields and $\phi$.

\subsection{Orientifolds with internal magnetic fields}

In order to fix $T$, KKLT proposes to use background fluxes
for both NS and RR forms to fix the complex--structure moduli
to obtain a vacuum in which supersymmetry is broken by the $T$
field because $W=W_0 \neq 0$. Then they introduce a
non--perturbative superpotential of the form $W_{np}=ce^{-aT}$
induced by gaugino condensations on $D7$-branes or
$D3$-branes euclidian instantons. Combining the two sources of superpotentials after having
integrated out all complex--structure and dilaton fields, they considered\footnote{See e.g. \cite{gauginofluxes} for more detailed
analysis of nonperturbative superpotentials in orientifold models.}

\begin{equation}
W \ = \ W_0 \ + \ c \ e^{-aT} \ . \label{WKKLT}
\end{equation}

\noindent The resulting vacuum is supersymmetric Anti de Sitter. To
obtain a phenomenological desirable de Sitter or Minkowski vacuum,
the authors then proposed to uplift the energy with a positive
contribution to the potential from anti $D3$-branes. This has the
effect of adding an extra non-supersymmetric contribution to the
scalar potential of the form :

\begin{equation}
V \ = \ V_F \ + \ \frac{k}{T_R^2} \ ,
\label{VKKLT}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $k$ is a (fine--tuned) constant and $T_R =
\mathrm{Re} \ T$. For a suitable value of $k$, the original AdS vacuum
get lifted to a dS one with broken (nonlinearly realized)
supersymmetry.

Later on Burgess et al. \cite{Burgess:2003ic} proposed an alternative solution by replacing the anti $D3$-brane
contribution with a $D-$term contribution originated from
magnetic fluxes. These fluxes would in turn generate a
Fayet--Iliopoulos (FI) term in the 4D effective action of the form

\begin{equation}
V_D \ = \ {g^2 \over 2} \ D^2 \ = \ \frac{2 \pi}{T_R} \left( \sum_i
q_i K_i \phi^i + \xi \right)^2  \ , \label{VDquevedo}
\end{equation}

\noindent where the $\phi^i$ represent any matter scalar fields
which are charged (with charge $q_i$) under the $U(1)_X$ gauge
group. $K_i$ is the derivative of the Kahler potential $K$ with
respect to the field $\phi^i$, and the FI term $\xi$ arises from
non--trivial fluxes for the gauge fields living on the $D7$-branes
and is given by

\begin{equation}
\xi \ = \ - \ {\delta_{GS} \over 2} \ \partial_T K \ .
\end{equation}

However, as was stressed in \cite{Dudas:2005vv},
\cite{Villadoro:2005yq} and \cite{Achucarro:2006zf} such proposal
does not fulfill the consistency requirements dictated by the
coexistence of the two local symmetries : supersymmetry and the
gauge symmetry. Indeed, $U(1)$ gauge transformations act as

\begin{eqnarray}
&& \delta V \ = \  \Lambda + {\bar \Lambda} \qquad , \quad \delta \phi^i \ = \ -2 \ q_i \phi^i \Lambda \ , \nonumber \\
&& \delta T \ = \ \delta_{GS} \Lambda \  \label{gi6}
\end{eqnarray}
and, in analogy with the heterotic case discussed earlier, the pure Super--Yang--Mills gaugino condensation superpotential
$e^{-a T }$ is not gauge invariant.

In the case of orientifold models with magnetic fluxes in the compact space, the fields playing a role
in the anomaly cancellation are Kahler moduli $T_i$, whereas in the intersecting branes language they are
the complex structure moduli $U_i$. Several such fields can participate in canceling triangle anomalies
and therefore anomaly cancellation conditions are generically more complicated than the heterotic universal
relation (\ref{gi2}). In particular, whereas in the heterotic case the $U(1)_X$ charge of the hidden sector mesons
$Q {\tilde Q}$ is always of the same sign as the induced FI term due to (\ref{gi2}), this is not necessarily
always the case in orientifold examples. We will use this possible difference later on in searching for
different uplifting possibilities.

The appropriate context are orientifold models with open string magnetic fluxes \cite{magnetic}, T-dual (in the absence
of closed string fluxes)
to intersecting brane constructions \cite{intersecting}. For concreteness, we summarize the case of magnetized D9 branes,
but the results
are actually more general\footnote{See \cite{vz2} for a more general discussion in orientifold models with fluxes.}.
On the wordvolume of $D9^{(a)}$ branes we can introduce magnetic fields $H_1^{(a)},H_2^{(a)},H_3^{(a)}$ in the three torii
describing
the three complex internal spaces, of volumes $v_1,v_2,v_3$. The generic gauge group coming from D9 branes is $\prod_a U( N_a) $, where $N_a$ is the
number of the branes in a given stack.
The Dirac quantization condition in this case take the generalized form
\begin{equation}
H_i^{(a)} \ = \ {m_i^{(a)} \over n_i^{(a)} v_i} \ , \label{gi7}
\end{equation}
where $(m_i^{(a)},n_i^{(a)})$ are integers.
Their interpretation is transparent in the T-dual D6 intersecting brane language, where the
magnetic fields are mapped
into angles that the D6 branes have with one of each cordinates of the three torii
\begin{equation}
\tan \theta_i^{(a)} \ = \ H_i^{(a)} \ = \ {m_i^{(a)} R_{i2} \over n_i^{(a)} R_{i1}} \  \label{gi8}
\end{equation}
for rectangular torii of volumes $v_i = R_{i1} R_{i2}$.
In this language,  $(m_i^{(a)},n_i^{(a)})$ are the wrapping numbers of the brane $D6^{(a)}$ along the
two compact directions of the torus $T^2_i$.
The Born-Infeld and the Wess-Zumino couplings are
\begin{eqnarray}
&& {1 \over g_{(a)}^2} \ = \ | n_1^{(a)} n_2^{(a)} n_3^{(a)} | v_1 v_2 v_3 \prod_{i=1}^3 \sqrt{ 1 + H_i^{(a) 2} } \ , \nonumber \\
&& S_{WZ} \ = \   n_1^{(a)} n_2^{(a)} n_3^{(a)} \ \int C \ tr ( \ e^{ s_1 H_1 + s_2 H_2 + s_3 H_3} \ e^F ) \ , \label{gi9}
\end{eqnarray}
where in the second line we used the form language, $s_i = \pm 1/2$ are internal fermionic helicities and where $F$ is the D9 brane gauge
field strength. After compactification to
4d we can then write down the gauge couplings and the axionic couplings. From the axionic couplings and by keeping the three
Kahler moduli $T_i$ present
in several 4d compactifications (for example, the $Z_2 \times Z_2'$ orbifold), we can guess the gauge kinetic function
\begin{equation}
f_a \ = \  n_1^{(a)} n_2^{(a)} n_3^{(a)} S \ - \  n_1^{(a)} m_2^{(a)} m_3^{(a)} T_1 \ - \
m_1^{(a)} n_2^{(a)} m_3^{(a)} T_2
\ - \  m_1^{(a)} m_2^{(a)} n_3^{(a)} T_3 \ . \label{gi10}
\end{equation}
The first remark is that the gauge functions in orientifolds with intersecting branes are highly dependent on how branes wrap
the compact space, to be compared to the universal form in the heterotic case (\ref{gi3}).
Whereas $Im f$ in (\ref{gi10}) comes precisely from the Wess-Zumino coupling in (\ref{gi9}), $Re f$ in (\ref{gi10})
only matches the compactified gauge coupling in (\ref{gi9}) in the case
\begin{equation}
\theta_1^{(a)} \ + \  \theta_2^{(a)} \ + \  \theta_3^{(a)} \ = \ 0   \quad \leftrightarrow \quad
H_1^{(a)} \ + \  H_2^{(a)} \ + \  H_3^{(a)} \ = \ H_1^{(a)} H_2^{(a)} H_3^{(a)}
\ , \label{gi11}
\end{equation}
which also define the condition for preserving supersymmetry in internal magnetic fields / intersecting
branes constructions.
In case where (\ref{gi11}) is violated, the gauge couplings and axionic couplings from the Born-Infeld
action/ Wess-Zumino couplings do not
fit into the holomorphic $f_a$ gauge kinetic function. In addition,  the $U(1)^{(a)}$ part of the
$U(N_a)$ gauge group becomes ``anomalous'', in the sense of acquiring Fayet-Iliopoulos terms
\begin{eqnarray}
&& \xi_a \ = \ {m_1^{(a)} n_2^{(a)} n_3^{(a)} \over Re \ T_1 } + {n_1^{(a)} m_2^{(a)} n_3^{(a)} \over Re \ T_2 } +
{n_1^{(a)} n_2^{(a)} m_3^{(a)} \over Re \ T_3 } - {m_1^{(a)} m_2^{(a)} m_3^{(a)} \over Re \ S } \ \nonumber \\
&& \ \sim \ H_1^{(1)} \ + \ H_2^{(a)} \ + \ H_3^{(a)} \ - \ H_1^{(a)} \ H_2^{(a)} \ H_3^{(a)} \ . \label{gi12}
\end{eqnarray}
Effective supergravity description  seems to be valid only in the limiting case $\xi_a \ll 1$, which has to be dynamically obtained
in models with moduli stabilisation. In this case, the FI terms can be incorporated into the effective action
via the modification of the Kahler potential
\begin{eqnarray}
&& K \ = \ - \ln \ (S + {\bar S} + m_1^{(a)} m_2^{(a)} m_3^{(a)} V_a ) \ - \
\ln \ (T_1 + {\bar T}_1 - m_1^{(a)} n_2^{(a)} n_3^{(a)} V_a ) \nonumber \\
&& - \ln \ (T_2 + {\bar T}_2 - n_1^{(a)} m_2^{(a)} n_3^{(a)} V_a ) \ - \
\ln \ (T_3 + {\bar T}_3 - n_1^{(a)} n_2^{(a)} m_3^{(a)} V_a ) \ , \label{gi13}
\end{eqnarray}
which also fixes the $U(1)_a$ gauge transformations of the moduli fields
\begin{eqnarray}
&& \delta V_a \ = \ \Lambda_a \ + \ {\bar \Lambda}_a \quad , \quad \delta S \ = \ -  m_1^{(a)} m_2^{(a)} m_3^{(a)}
\ \Lambda_a
\ , \nonumber \\
&& \delta T_1 \ = \   m_1^{(a)} n_2^{(a)} n_3^{(a)} \ \Lambda_a \quad , \quad
\delta T_2 \ = \   n_1^{(a)} m_2^{(a)} n_3^{(a)} \ \Lambda_a \ , \nonumber \\
&& \delta T_3 \ = \   n_1^{(a)} n_2^{(a)} m_3^{(a)} \ \Lambda_a \ . \label{gi14}
\end{eqnarray}

Anomaly cancellation in orientifold models with fluxes is therefore considerably more involved than in the
heterotic case (not to mention the fact that twisted closed fields can and typically do also play a nontrivial
role in gauge and gravitational anomaly cancellation).
A notable difference, which we will invoke later on, is that there is no clear cut correlation between the
sign of FI terms and charges of hidden (or observable) sector fields.
Indeed, the induced FI terms (\ref{gi12}) can have either sign depending on the v.e.v.'s of moduli fields, whereas
charges in a given sector depend on details of the model. Notice that it is also possible (but not automatic) by partial
cancellations between different contributions that $\xi_a \ll 1$, such that an effective supergravity analysis to be
valid.

\section{D--terms uplifting}
\subsection{Stabilization with negative vacuum energy }

Recently, the authors of \cite{Villadoro:2005yq} and
\cite{Achucarro:2006zf} tried to implement gauge invariance
in the search for consistent de Sitter vacua. This was indeed
realized, at the expense of having a high scale of gaugino
condensation, close to the Planck scale. Consequently, these models
have a large gravitino mass, more appropriate for the split
supersymmetry scenario. It was concluded that it seems very hard to
obtain a gravitino mass in the TeV scale region. In the rest of this
section, we analyze, for a model with just one (overall) volume modulus $T$,  the difficulties arising from a consistent
D-term uplifting of the vacuum energy with TeV scale gravitino mass
and possible ways out. \footnote{During the completion of this work,
reference \cite{choi} appeared, which overlaps with our results in
Sections 3.1 and 3.2.}
The minimal model we consider here is that of a hidden sector coming from
$D7$-branes, which is a SQCD with less number of
flavors $N_f $ than colors $N_c$. For simplicity of analysis we take $N_f=1$, $N_c=2$. The example assumes
(this assumption, as we already explained, is always true in the heterotic case) that the FI term has the
same sign (chosen positive,
by convention) as the hidden sector meson charge. An important difference compared to the examples  in
\cite{Villadoro:2005yq} and \cite{Achucarro:2006zf} is that we use the existing  string ``data'' in that, {\it in all
existing constructions, there is always at least one field of appropriate charge which, in the absence of nontrivial
superpotential dynamics, is able to compensate the FI term}. We call this field $\phi$ in what follows and assign it
the charge $-1$, after an appropriate rescaling of the charge generator. If the meson charge $q$ is integer, this will
have the consequence of inducing higher dimensional operators of the type $ \phi^q M $ which, once $\phi$ gets a vev,
effectively give the hidden sector mesons a mass. Since the gaugino condensation scale and consequently the
meson vev's $M_0$ arise through dimensional transmutation, they are expected to be well below the scale of the FI terms
$\xi$. This will allows us, following \cite{Binetruy:1996uv}, to solve analytically for the vev's of the various fields
and the scale of supersymmetry breaking, in an expansion in the small parameter $\epsilon = M_0 / \xi$.

Following \cite{Binetruy:1996uv}, we write down the consistent effective
potential of a strongly coupled $SU(2)$ theory with $N_f=1$ flavor
of "quarks" $Q_1$ of $U(1)_X$ charge $q_1$ in the fundamental
of $SU(2)$ and "antiquarks" $\tilde{Q_1}$ of charge
$\tilde{q_1}$ in the anti-fundamental of $SU(2)$.
For simplicity in the calculation and analysis, from
the meson field $M$, we will define
the field $\chi$ as $\chi^2 = 2 M = 2 Q_1 \tilde{Q_1}$,
$q = q_1 + \tilde{q}_1$. Introducing a single field $\phi$ of $U(1)_X$ charge
normalized to -1, it is straightforward to construct
a supersymmetric and gauge invariant Lagrangian. It will
be completely determined by the gauge kinetic functions

\begin{equation}
f_a \ = \ \frac{T}{2 \pi},
\label{fa}
\end{equation}

\noindent
the Kahler potential

\begin{equation}
K \ = \ - \ 3 \ \ln [ T + \overline{T} - |\phi|^2 - |\chi|^2 ] \ ,
\label{K}
\end{equation}

\noindent
and the gauge invariant superpotential

\begin{equation}
W \ = \ W_0  \ + \ \frac{c}{\chi^2} \ e^{-aT} \ + \ \tilde{m} \phi^q\chi^2 \ .
\label{W}
\end{equation}

\noindent
Gauge invariance of the nonperturbative term fixes the mesons charges to be
\begin{equation}
q \ = \ {a \over 4} \ \delta_{GS} \ . \label{gaugeinv}
\end{equation}
We can then compute the F-term  and D-term contributions $V_F$ and $V_D$ to the scalar potential

\begin{eqnarray}
&& V_F \ = \ e^K \ \left( K^{I {\bar J}} D W_I {\bar D} {\bar W}_{\bar J} \ - \ 3 |W|^2  \right)  \nonumber \\
&& = \ \frac{1}{r^3} \{
\frac{r^2}{3}|\partial_T W - \frac{3}{r} W|^2
+\frac{r}{3} \sum_{i=1}^{2}
|\partial_i W + \overline{\phi_i} \partial_T W|^2
-3 |W|^2
\} \ , \label{VF}
\end{eqnarray}

\begin{equation}
V_D \ = \ \frac{4 \pi}{T + \overline{T}}
\left(
q_i \phi^i  \partial_i K  \ - \ {\delta_{GS} \over 2} \ \partial_T K \right)^2 \ = \
\frac{36 \pi}{(T + \overline{T}) r^2 } \left[ -|\phi|^2 +\frac{q}{2}|\chi|^2+ {\tilde \xi}^2 \right]^2 \ ,
\label{VD}
\end{equation}
\noindent where ${\tilde \xi}^2 = {3 \delta_{GS} / 2} > 0$, $\phi_i= \phi, \chi$ and we have introduced
$r=(T + \overline{T} - \sum_i|\phi_i|^2)$. Substituting the
Kahler potential and superpotential given by Eqs.(\ref{K}) and
(\ref{W}), we can write the total potential as

\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{c}
V_{tot} \ = \ V_F \ + \ V_D \ = \
{1 \over 3 r} |\frac{ace^{-aT}}{\chi^2}+\frac{3}{r}W|^2
+\frac{1}{3r^2}|q\tilde m \phi^{q-1}\chi^2-
\overline{\phi}\frac{ace^{-aT}}{\chi^2}|^2
\\
+\frac{1}{3r^2}|\frac{-2ce^{-aT}}{\chi^3}+2 \tilde m \phi^q\chi
-\overline{\chi}\frac{ace^{-aT}}{\chi^2}|^2
-\frac{3}{r^3}|W|^2+\frac{36 \pi}{r^2(T+\overline{T})}
\left[ -|\phi|^2 +\frac{q}{2}|\chi|^2+ {\tilde \xi}^2 \right]^2 \ .
\end{array}
\label{Vtot}
\end{equation}

\subsection{The solution of the equation of motions}

\noindent
The minimum of the potential (\ref{Vtot}) is obtained by making
an expansion around the fields configuration
($T_0$, $\phi_0$, $\chi_0$)

\begin{eqnarray}
&&\phi_{min} \ = \ \phi_0 \ (1 + \epsilon \phi_1 + \epsilon^2 \phi_2) \ , \nonumber \\
&& \chi_{min} \ = \ \chi_0 \ (1 + \epsilon \chi_1) \ , \nonumber \\
&& T_{min} \ = \ T_0 \ , \label{sol1}
\end{eqnarray}

\noindent
where $\epsilon$ is the parameter of the expansion, proportional
to the ratio of the dynamic scale to the fundamental scale
($M_0/ {\tilde \xi}^2$ in the notation of this section). In (\ref{sol1}), $\phi_0$ and $\chi_0$ are
the solutions of the Eqs. of motion by considering the two relevant scales, $M_0$ and ${\tilde \xi}^2$, decoupled or,
equivalently, infinitely far apart and also neglecting the supergravity corrections to the scalar potential.
Consequently, they are defined by the equations of the global supersymmetry D and F flatness
\begin{eqnarray}
&& D^{(0)} \ = \ - |\phi_0|^2 + {\tilde \xi}^2 \ = \ 0 \ , \nonumber \\
&& F_{\chi}^{(0)} \ = \  - {2 c \over \chi_0^3} e^{-a T_0} \ + 2 {\tilde m} \phi_0^q \chi_0 \ = \ 0 \ . \label{sol2}
\end{eqnarray}
The explicit value of $T_0$ is not needed in finding $\phi_{min}$ and $\chi_{min}$ and will be specified later on,
but for consistency
of the supergravity analysis it has to satisfy $T_0  \gg 1$ in supergravity units.
At first sight, it can seem strange to develop $\phi$ at second order
into $\epsilon$ and $\chi$ only at first order. In fact, as we will
see later, we need to calculate $\phi$ up to second order in order to get the leading D-term
contribution. $T$ can be evaluated at  lowest order in the $\epsilon$ expansion, as any higher order
corrections does no contribute significantly to the vacuum energy.
In the limit of interest $M_0 \ll {\tilde \xi}^2 \ll M_P^2$, the leading terms in the field equations for $\phi$ and $\chi$
are the ones coming from the global supersymmetry limit
\begin{equation}
{\partial V \over \partial \phi} \simeq {\partial V_{\rm global} \over \partial \phi} \ = \ 0 \quad , \quad
{\partial V \over \partial \chi} \simeq {\partial V_{\rm global} \over \partial \chi} \ = \ 0 \  \label{sol3}
\end{equation}
and they are solved precisely as in \cite{Binetruy:1996uv} in a power expansion in $\epsilon$. The minimization with respect to
$T$,
\begin{equation}
{\partial V \over \partial T}  \ = \ 0 \label{sol4}
\end{equation}
has clearly to be done with the full SUGRA potential (\ref{Vtot}). The intuitively natural zeroth order ansatz
$F_T^{(0)}  = 0$, which would imply
$W_0 \sim {\tilde m} \phi_0^q \chi_0^2$ turns out to be wrong, i.e. not to lead to a solution of (\ref{sol4}).
The self-consistent solution, in our approximations, turns out to be obtained by
\begin{equation}
W_0 \ \simeq \ - { {\tilde m} q^2 \over 3 a} \ \phi_0^{q-2} \ \chi_0^2 \ . \label{sol5}
\end{equation}
Finally, the complete set of solutions, including the two subleading terms in $\phi$ and one subleading term in $\chi$, needed
for a consistent treatment, are given by
\begin{equation}
\phi_{min} \ = \ {\tilde \xi}
\left(1-\frac{3}{4}\frac{a W_0}{\tilde m q {\tilde \xi}^q}
-\frac{9}{32}\frac{a^2 W_0^2}{q^2 {\tilde m}^2 {\tilde \xi}^{2q}}
-\frac{9}{16}\frac{a^2 W_0^2}{{\tilde m}^2 q {\tilde \xi}^{2q}}
+\frac{(q-2) a W_0^2}{24 \pi q^2 {\tilde \xi}^2}
\ln \left[
\frac{9 a^2 W_0^2}{c \tilde m q^4 {\tilde \xi}^{q-4}}
\right] \right) \label{phimin}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\chi_{min} \ = \ \sqrt{\frac{-3 a W_0}{\tilde m q^2 {\tilde \xi}^{q-2}}}
\left( 1 \ + \ \frac{3}{8}\frac{a W_0}{\tilde m {\tilde \xi}^q}
\right) \ , \label{chimin}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
T_{min} \ = \ - \ \frac{1}{a} \ \ln \left[
\frac{9 a^2 W_0^2}{c \tilde m q^4 {\tilde \xi}^{q-4}}
\right] \ . \label{tmin}
\end{equation}

Notice that the vev of $\phi$ generates effectively a mass for the mesons $m_{\chi} \sim {\tilde m}
{\tilde \xi}^q$.
It is interesting to point out here two kind of approximation we'll
use to find the coefficients $\epsilon \phi_1$, $\epsilon^2 \phi_2$
and $\epsilon \chi_1$ : $\chi_0 \ll \phi_0 \ll M_P$.
The first approximation is coming from the global SUSY ansatz
$F_{\chi} \sim \partial_{\chi} W = 0$. The second one is necessary for having an effective supergravity description.
The expansion parameter is then given by
\begin{equation}
\epsilon \ = \ {M_0 \over {\tilde \xi}^2} \ = \ {-3 a W_0 \over 2 q^2 {\tilde m} {\tilde \xi}^q} \ = \
- \ {-3 a W_0 \over q^2 m_{\chi} M_P^2} \ \ll 1 \ , \label{epsilon}
\end{equation}
where in the list equality we reinstalled the Planck mass. From the solutions (\ref{phimin})- (\ref{tmin}) ,
we can easily extract the values of the different
auxiliary fields $F^{\phi}$, $F^{\chi}$ and $F^{T}$ at the minimum
of the potential :

\begin{eqnarray}
&& F^{\phi} \ = \ \frac{W_0 {\tilde \xi}}{\sqrt{2 T_0}}
\left[ \frac{a}{q} + \frac{1}{r} -
\left(
\frac{a {\tilde \xi}}{q}
\right)^2 \right] \ , \nonumber \\
&& F^{\chi} \ = \ \frac{W_0}{\sqrt{2 T_0}}
\sqrt{\frac{-3 a W_0}{\tilde m q^2 {\tilde \xi}^{q-2}}}
\left[ -\frac{5}{8} \frac{a}{\tilde m {\tilde \xi}^q}
+\frac{1}{r}
-\left(
\frac{a {\tilde \xi}}{q}
\right)^2
\right] \ , \nonumber \\
&& F^T \ = \ \frac{W_0}{\sqrt{2 T_0}}
\left[ 2 T_0
\left( \frac{1}{r}
-\left( \frac{a {\tilde \xi}}{q}
\right)^2 \right)
+\frac{a {\tilde \xi}^2}{q^2}
\right] \ , \nonumber \\
&& D \ = \ \frac{3(q-2)a^2 W_0^2}{24 \pi q^2} \ , \label{Dterm}
\end{eqnarray}
where we defined $F^i = K^{i {\bar j}} \exp (K/2) D_{\bar j} {\bar W}$.
From the auxiliary fields, it becomes straightforward to calculate
the vacuum energy at the minimum :

\begin{equation}
V_0 \ \simeq \ - \ \frac{3 a^2 W_0^2 {\tilde \xi}^2}{4 q^2 T_0^2} \
 + \ \frac{(q-2)^2 a^4 W_0^4}{32 \pi T_0 q^4} \ , \label{V0}
\end{equation}

where the first, negative term is the F-term contribution, while the second, positive one is the D-term contribution.
It is interesting to calculate the value we need for $W_0$ in
order to have a zero cosmological constant. We get

\begin{equation}
W_0^{\mathrm{zero ~ cc}} \ \simeq \ \sqrt{\frac{24 \pi}{T_0}}
\frac{{\tilde \xi} q}{a(q-2)} \ .  \label{W0null}
\end{equation}

\noindent
It becomes clear from Eq.(\ref{W0null}) that the FI scale is
tightly linked with the gravitino mass (given roughly by
$W_0$ in Planck scale units). In another words
a very small FI scale is needed to achieve a TeV SUSY
spectrum. By using (\ref{gaugeinv}) it turns out that the gravitino mass and the FI term are related by $m_{3/2}
\sim W_0/M_P^2 \sim {\tilde \xi}^4 /M_P^3$,
so TeV scale gravitino would imply roughly ${\tilde \xi} \sim 10^{15} GeV$. Whereas this is maybe not imposible to imagine
in certain orientifold models,
(\ref{gaugeinv}) then implies unnaturally small meson charges $q \sim 10^{-8}$.
TeV scale gravitino mass is therefore very difficult to obtain. This
may be a phenomenological shortcoming if one attempts to get
conventional low--energy SUSY. A similar result were obtained by the authors of
\cite{Achucarro:2006zf}, which did use non--massive mesons fields.

Our results can be understood qualitatively by noticing that, by defining the gravitino mass
\begin{equation}
m_{3/2} \ = \ W e^{K/2} \ \simeq \ {W_0 \over 2{\sqrt 2} T_0^{3/2}} \ , \label{sol6}
\end{equation}
at the minimum the F-terms and the D-term are of the order (we neglect here numerical factors)
\begin{eqnarray}
&& {F^{\phi} \over \phi_0} \ \sim \ {F^{\chi} \over \chi_0} \ \sim \ F^T \ \sim \ T_0 \ m_{3/2} \ , \nonumber \\
&& D \ \sim \ T_0^3 m_{3/2}^2 \ .  \label{sol7}
\end{eqnarray}
Consequently, the F and D contributions to the vacuum energy in (\ref{V0}) are qualitatively of the form $\langle V \rangle = V_F + V_D \sim -
 m_{3/2}^2 {\tilde \xi}^2 +  m_{3/2}^4 $ and their cancellation can only occurs for a very large gravitino mass, modulo
the case of very small FI term discussed in the previous paragraph.

Finally, we would like to point out that the analysis in this section and the next one, although described
in terms of the Type IIB set--up used by KKLT, is valid with small changes also for models coming from heterotic
string construction.

\subsection{Stabilization with positive vacuum energy}

We have seen that positive FI term does not give a sufficient
contribution to the D-term scalar potential to obtain a zero
cosmological constant. However, it was recently stressed by
the authors of \cite{Dudas:2005vv}
that negative FI terms could lead to important D--terms in the case $q=1$, i.e. the meson masses come from a Yukawa type
term in the superpotential $\phi \chi^2$. Due to the non universal nature of the anomaly cancellation conditions
in orientifold models, this is a new possibility to explore.
It is natural to see if it is possible to stabilize the moduli fields
in this case. The microscopic model we have in mind for this section is the following. Consider an intersecting brane model
like in section 2.2, with fluxes on a stack of branes containing both the anomalous $U(1)$ and the hidden sector gauge group,
such that $m_2,m_3 > 0$, whereas $m_1  < 0$. In this case, the modulus $T_1$ appears with a negative coefficient in the gauge
kinetic function (\ref{gi10}) and also in the induced FI term (\ref{gi12}). If the other two Kahler moduli $T_2,T_3$ are
stabilized in a supersymmetric way, then the only unstabilized modulus $T_1$ realizes the case ii) in the
section 5 of \cite{Dudas:2005vv} where the sign of the FI term is such that the fields which have to condense
in order to compensate it are the composite, hidden sector mesons. As we already mentioned in section 2.1, this
is impossible to realize in the heterotic case, but possible in orientifold models with  magnetized D-branes.
Notice that generically the resulting $U(1)$ gauge symmetry becomes a gauged R-symmetry, however in the special case
where after stabilization the resulting FI term has no pure constant (i.e. $S_0,T_2,T_3$ dependent ) piece, it is still
a regular gauge symmetry. As will become clear from our discussion below, this is more interesting case to analyze.
If the charge $q=1$, according to \cite{Dudas:2005vv} we expect a large
D-term. The effective action in this situation is
\begin{eqnarray}
&& K \ = \ - \ \ln (T_1 + {\bar T}_1 - \sum_i |\phi|^2) \quad , \quad
f_h \ = \ (\prod_{i=1}^3 n_i^h) S_0 - \alpha_h T_1 \ , \nonumber \\
&& f_{U(1)} \ = \  (\prod_{i=1}^3 n_i^{U(1)}) S_0 - \alpha_1 T_1 \quad , \quad
W \ = \ W_0 \ + \ {c \over \chi^2} e^{\alpha_h T_1} + \lambda \phi \chi^2 \ , \label{neg01}
\end{eqnarray}
where $n_i^h$ ($n_i^{U(1)}$) are here the wrappping numbers for the hidden sector branes ($U(1)$ brane),
where $\phi_i = \phi, \chi$, $c$ is an effective (exponentially small ) constant $c \sim \exp (- |n_1^h  n_2^h  n_3^h|
S_0 )$ and $S_0$ is the stabilized value of the dilaton.
The F and D-term contributions to the scalar potential in this case are found to be
\begin{eqnarray}
&& V_F \ = \  \ \frac{1}{r} \{
r^2 |\partial_T W - \frac{1}{r} W|^2
\ + \ r \sum_i |\partial_i W + \overline{\phi_i} \partial_T W|^2
-3 |W|^2 \}  \ \nonumber \\
&& =  r \ |\frac{\alpha_h c e^{\alpha_h T_1}}{\chi^2} \ - \ \frac{1}{r}W|^2
\ +\ |  \lambda \chi^2 \ + \
\overline{\phi} \ \frac{\alpha_h c e^{\alpha_h T_1}}{\chi^2}|^2
\nonumber \\
&& + |\frac{-2 c \ e^{\alpha_h T_1}}{\chi^3} \ + \ 2 \lambda \phi \chi
 +  \overline{\chi} \ \frac{\alpha_h c e^{\alpha_h T_1}}{\chi^2}|^2
-\frac{3}{r} |W|^2 \ , \nonumber \\
&& V_D \ = \ \frac{4 \pi}{r^2 [S_0 + {\bar S}_0- \alpha_1 (T_1+\overline{T}_1)]}
\left[ -|\phi|^2 +\frac{1}{2}|\chi|^2 -  \xi'^2 \right]^2 \ ,
\label{VDchineg}
\end{eqnarray}
where $r \ = \ T_1 + {\bar T}_1 - \sum_i |\phi|^2 $.
\noindent
The D term contribution turns out to be large by minimization due to the superpotential term $W = \lambda \ \phi
\ \chi^2$ which forbids the field $\chi$ to efficiently cancel the large and negative FI term. Notice, as already emphasized, that in this case the
composite meson field $\chi$ has the correct charge to cancel the FI term.
For a fixed $T=T_{min}$, we find minima for the other two fields
\begin{eqnarray}
&& \phi_{min} \ \simeq \ \frac{c \ e^{\alpha_h T_{min}}}{4 \lambda \xi'^4}
\left[ 1 + {\lambda^2 [S_0 + {\bar S}_0- \alpha_1 (T+\overline{T})] r^2 \over  \pi}
\right]^2  \ , \nonumber \\
&& \chi_{min} \ \simeq \ \sqrt{2} \ \xi' \left[ 1 + {\lambda^2 [S_0 + {\bar S}_0- \alpha_1 (T+\overline{T})] r^2 \over \pi}
\right]^{-1/2}  \ . \label{neg1}
\end{eqnarray}
Stabilization with respect to $T$ then gives the minimization equation
\begin{equation}
W_0^2 \ \simeq \ {2 \lambda^4 r^3 \over \pi} [ 2( S_0 + {\bar S}_0) - 3 \alpha_1 (T +{\bar T})]  \left[ 1 +
{\lambda^2 [S_0 + {\bar S}_0- \alpha_1 (T+\overline{T})] r^2 \over  \pi}
\right]^{-2} \ \xi'^4 \ . \label{neg02}
\end{equation}
At the minimum, the auxiliary fields are of the order
\begin{equation}
F^{\phi} \ \sim \ \ \lambda \ \xi'^2 \quad , \quad F^{\chi} \ \sim \  c {e^{\alpha_h T_{min}} \over \xi'^4} \quad , \quad
D \ \sim \ \lambda \ \xi'^2 \ . \label{neg2}
\end{equation}
In order to be able to compensate the large positive vacuum energy from the D-term, we need in this case $W_0 >> (c e^{\alpha_h T_{min}} / \chi_0^2)$,
in which case the vacuum energy cancellation reads approximatively
\begin{equation}
{2 \over r} |W_0|^2 \ \simeq \ \lambda^2 |\chi_0|^4 \ + \ {{\tilde g}^2 \over 2} D^2 \ , \label{neg03}
\end{equation}
where ${\tilde g}^2 = (4 \pi)/[(S_0-\alpha_1 T_1) r^2]$. Combining (\ref{neg02}) and (\ref{neg03}), we find
\begin{equation}
T_{min}^2 ( S_0- 2 \alpha_1 T_{min} )  \ \simeq \ {\pi \over 8 \lambda^2} \ . \label{neg04}
\end{equation}
We therefore need a relatively small $\lambda$ in order to get a relatively large $T_1$.
From these solutions, we can easily understand why the
contribution from $V_D$ is large. Indeed, whereas
$V_D \propto \mathrm{(dynamical ~~ scale)^8}$ when the FI term is
positive (giving a negligible contribution to the
cosmological constant),
whereas $V_D \propto \mathrm{(FI ~~ scale)^4}$ for a negative FI term.

At the minimum, the FI term and the gravitino mass are related qualitatively as $\xi'^2 \sim m_{3/2} M_P / \lambda $. Natural
values for FI term $\xi \sim 10^{-2} M_P$ and $\lambda \sim 10^{-2}$ then lead to $m_{3/2} \sim 10^{-6} M_P$. This is an
improvement compared to the case of (more traditional) positive FI term of the last section, but is still far from
the TeV range.
Gravitino mass in the TeV range is in principle possible for intermediate (of the order $10^{12}$ GeV ) values of FI term.
This looks again like a fine-tuning, though internal magnetic fields could maybe dynamically produce
such anomalously low values.

As mentioned at the beginning of this section, stabilization of the other Kahler moduli and of the dilaton, which tranform
non-linearly under the $U(1)$ gauge transformations, generically lead to a $U(1)$ gauged R-symmetry. In this case,
the constant $W_0$ in (\ref{neg01}) is not allowed. If $W_0$ is absent, a similar analysis as before shows that the vacuum
energy will always be positive. Alternatively, $W_0$ could be replaced eventually with some dynamically generated
term of appropriate R-charge $W_0 \sim \phi^x$. We didn't investigate the outcome of this last possibility.

Our conclusion for this section is that with (negative) FI terms partially compensated by composite hidden sector
fields, it is generically easier to get zero or positive vacuum energy, even if the natural value of the gravitino
mass is of intermediate scale values instead of TeV scale. These class of models deserve therefore, in our opinion,
more detailed theoretical and phenomenological studies.

\section{Kahler uplifting}

Previous works in the context of heterotic effective supergravity \cite{Binetruy:1996xj,
Casas:1996zi} and more recent one \cite{Dudas:2005vn,bhk}  underlined the role played by
corrections to the Kahler metric for the moduli stabilization with a zero or positive vacuum energy.
It is natural to study then their implications on the scalar
potential uplifting, and to try to find conditions to obtain a
consistent model with a dS vacuum and a TeV-scale supersymmetric
spectrum. We will consider a KKLT--like scenario with a
superpotential

\begin{equation}
W \ = \ W_0 \ + \ c e^{-aT},
\end{equation}

\noindent
with $W_0$ determined by the flux compactification process \footnote{By simplicity, we will consider in our discussion
$W_0>0$ and $c>0$ whereas the authors of \cite{Kachru:2003aw} took $W_0<0$.
This is just a phase definition that can be absorbed by the axion
field as it will be clear later on.}.
However instead of adding the effect of a non--supersymmetric
$\overline{D3}$--brane or D-term contributions generated by magnetic fluxes, we consider perturbative
corrections to the Kahler metric of the general form
\footnote{In what follows we will use units where $M_P = 1$.} :

\begin{equation}
K \ = \ - \ 3 \ \ln \ [T+\overline{T}] \ - \ \frac{\Delta (T, {\bar T})}{T + \overline{T}} \ , \label{kahler1}
\end{equation}

\noindent
$\Delta$ being a real function of the $T$ field
$\Delta = f( T + \overline{T})$ which we consider for consistency reasons to be small $\Delta \ll 1$ in the large volume
limit $T \ll 1$. It is straightforward to compute
the scalar potential, keeping the dominant terms in $\Delta$ in the expansion :

\begin{equation}
V(T) \ \sim \ \frac{1}{(T + \overline{T})^2}
\left[
c a (e^{-aT} W_0 \ + \ e^{-a \overline{T}} \overline{W_0})
\ + \ |W_0|^2 \ \Delta''
\right] \ . \label{VknpT}
\end{equation}

\noindent
Notice that in order for Eq. (\ref{VknpT}) to be valid, we must have
$|c a e^{-aT}| \ll |W_0|$ (considering $\Delta$ as a perturbation to the
Kahler metric). Developing $T = t + i \theta$ and considering
$W_0$ as a real parameter, (\ref{VknpT}) can be re--expressed as

\begin{equation}
V(t,\theta) \ = \ \frac{1}{4 t^2}
\left[
2 c a W_0 e^{-at} \ \cos(\theta a)
\ + \ |W_0|^2 \ \Delta''(t)
\right] \ . \label{Vknptheta}
\end{equation}

The minimization of (\ref{Vknptheta}) is straightforward and leads to

\begin{equation}
\theta_0 = \pi / a ~~~~~~~~~~~ {\rm modulo} \ [2 \pi/ a] \ ,
\end{equation}

\noindent
giving for $V(t)$

\begin{equation}
V(t) \ = \ V(t,\theta_0) \ = \ \frac{1}{4 t^2}
\left[ -2 c a W_0 e^{-at} \ + \ |W_0|^2 \ \Delta''(t)
\right] \ .
\label{Vknpthetamin}
\end{equation}

We understand here why the relative sign between $W_0$ and $c$ is
just a convention as the phase can be reabsorbed by the axion field
$\theta$ at the minimum. Notice also that the non--perturbative effects
are fundamental for the stabilization of the axion. Indeed, the corrections
to the Kahler metric are blind to the axion field which can only
appear in the scalar potential through the superpotential. In
other words, a model with only "pure" Kahler contributions is not
able to stabilize $\theta$.

Form (\ref{Vknpthetamin}) we can deduce the two conditions we need
to have a Minkowski solution at the minimum ($T_0=t_0+i\theta_0$) :

\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial V}{\partial t}|_{t_0} \ = \ 0
~~~~~~\Rightarrow
~~~~~~\Delta'''|_{t_0} \ = \ - \ \frac{2 \ c \ a^2 \ e^{-a t_0}}{W_0}
\label{minim}
\end{equation}

\noindent
and

\begin{equation}
V(t_0) = 0
~~~~~~\Rightarrow
~~~~~~\Delta''|_{t_0} \ = \ \frac{2 \ c \ a \ e^{-a t_0}}{W_0}.
\label{Minkows}
\end{equation}

\noindent
Combining (\ref{minim}) and (\ref{Minkows}) we obtain

\begin{equation}
\frac{\Delta'''}{\Delta''}|_{t_0} \ = \ - a \ ,
\end{equation}

showing the connexion between non--perturbative
effects and the corrections to the Kahler potential.

From (\ref{Vknpthetamin}), we can deduce some general arguments
concerning the function $\Delta(t)$ in order to satisfy our basic constraints.
Indeed, the potential must vanish positively when $t \rightarrow \infty$.
It implies that the positive contribution, proportional to $\Delta''(t)$,
must decrease slower than the non--perturbative contribution
(proportional to $e^{-a t}$). It means that $\Delta(t)$ can be constructed
by the combination of polynomial forms ($\alpha/t^\gamma$) and
exponential functions
($\alpha' e^{-\beta t}/t^{\gamma'}$ with $\beta < a$).

It is interesting to calculate the mass scales of such a model.
The gravitino mass, $m_{3/2}=e^{K/2} W$, auxiliary field $F^t$,
moduli and axion masses $m_t$, $m_{\theta}$ are at the minimum
$t_0$ :

\begin{eqnarray}
&&
m_{3/2} \ \sim \ \frac{W_0}{(2t_0)^{3/2}} \quad , \quad  F^T \ \sim \ \frac{W_0}{(2t_0)^{1/2}}
 \ , \nonumber \\
&&
m_t^2 \ \sim \ \frac{1}{6}
\left[
-2 \ c \ a^3 \ e^{-a t_0} \ W_0 \ + \ W_0^2 \ \Delta^{(4)}(t_0)
\right] \ , \nonumber \\
&&
m_{\theta}^2 \ = \ \frac{1}{3} \ c \ a^3 \ W_0 \ e^{-a t_0} \ .
\end{eqnarray}

\noindent
Contrary to the pattern of mass of the KKLT scenario
studied in \cite{Choi:2004sx} where a "little hierarchy" appeared
between the SUSY spectrum ($\sim F^T/T$) and the gravitino mass,
we don't observe such difference in our model. Moreover,
we obtain lighter moduli fields than in KKLT scenario :
$m_t^2$ is suppressed by a factor $\Delta'' \times t_0^3$ with respect to
gravitino mass squared. It would be very interesting to study the stability of the vacua, along the lines of \cite{scrucca},
in the presence of generic corrections to the Kahler potential.

\subsection{An example}

To illustrate , we apply our discussion to the phenomenological model developed
in \cite{Dudas:2005vn}, where $\Delta$ was computed from the one-loop vacuum (Casimir) energy with massless and massive
fields in the higher-dimensional bulk space. In \cite{Dudas:2005vn} supersymmetry was broken by boundary conditions and
consequently a superpotential $W = \omega$ and a correction to the Kahler potential $\Delta (\omega, T, {\bar T})$ were generated.
The first step in our present investigation is the supersymmetric limit $\omega \rightarrow 0$, in which
$\Delta$ has a well-defined limit, whereas the superpotential vanishes. This is consistent with the fact that the superpotential
is non-renormalized under quantum corrections, whereas the Kahler potential is renormalized. The second step is to add
the KKLT type superpotential generated by fluxes and gaugino condensation on
 $D7$-branes, which is unchanged by the
the one-loop quantum corrections.

In this case, $ \Delta $ is given by :

\begin{equation}
\Delta (T, {\bar T})  \ = \ \frac{1}{(T + \overline{T})^2}
\left[ \alpha_0 + \alpha_1 (T+ \overline{T}) e^{-\beta_1 (T+\overline{T})}
+\alpha_2 e^{-\beta_2 (T+\overline{T})}
\right] \ , \label{DeltaEmilian}
\end{equation}
where the exponential terms come from contributions to the vacuum energy \\
$\exp [-m (T+{\bar T})]$ from massive fields of mass $m$.
The coefficients $\alpha_i, \beta_i$ in (\ref{DeltaEmilian}) are the $\omega \rightarrow 0$ limit of the values displayed
in \cite{Dudas:2005vn}.
To stabilize T with a dS vacuum and an acceptable
behavior of the potential for $T \sim 0$ and large value of $T$,
it is easy to check that we need $\alpha_0 > 0$, $\alpha_1 > 0$ and
$\alpha_2 < 0$, whereas, as discussed above, $\beta_1$, $\beta_2 <a$.
We illustrated the scalar potential for specific values
of the parameters ($c,~a,~\alpha_i,~\beta_i$)
in Fig. (\ref{fig:Vknp}), which clearly illustrate that TeV values for the gravitino mass do not require extremely
small values of the fundamental parameters in the Kahler potential.
In \cite{bhk} explicit tree-level and one-loop string corections to the Kahler potential were included in the discussion
of moduli stabilization. In the large volume limit, these corrections are probably bigger than the corrections we kept
in our example (\ref{DeltaEmilian}). We believe that the Kahler corrections invoked in
\cite{bhk}, combined with exponential corrections $\exp (-\beta (T + {\bar T}))$ in $\Delta$ coming from massive bulk
fields produce a stabilization pattern similar to the example we displayed in this section.

\begin{figure}
    \begin{center}
\centerline{
       \epsfig{file=Vknpwithaxion.eps,width=0.5\textwidth}
       }
          \caption{{\footnotesize
Scalar potential with correction to the Kahler potential
of the form (\ref{DeltaEmilian}) for
for $W_0=10^{-13}$, $c=10$, $a=4$; $\alpha_0=3.824$,
$\alpha_1=10$, $\beta_1=0.09$;
$\alpha_2=-50$ and $\beta_2=0.04$.
}}
\label{fig:Vknp}
    \end{center}
\end{figure}

\section*{Acknowledgments}{ Work partially supported by the CNRS PICS \#~2530
and 3059, RTN contracts MRTN-CT-2004-005104 and MRTN-CT-2004-503369,  the European Union Excellence Grant, MEXT-CT-2003-509661.
The work of Y.M. is sponsored by the PAI programm PICASSO under
contract PAI--10825VF.
The authors want to thank P. Binetruy, Z. Lalak, S. Pokorski and S. Vempati for very useful discussions. E.D.
thanks the Galileo Institute of Theoretical Physics and INFN
for partial support, while Y.M. would like to acknowledge the hospitality of the CERN Theory
Division during the completion of this work.  }

\nocite{}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
"British Columbia" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure, which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
A province of Canada on the Pacific coast. Its capital is Victoria. The name given in 1858 derives from the Columbia River which was named by the American captain Robert Gray for his ship Columbia which in turn was named for Columbus. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p178 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p81-2)
Z01.107.567.176.160
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "British Columbia".
Geographic Locations [Z01]
Americas [Z01.107]
North America [Z01.107.567]
Canada [Z01.107.567.176]
British Columbia [Z01.107.567.176.160]
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is related to "British Columbia".
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "British Columbia".
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "British Columbia" by people in this website by year, and whether "British Columbia" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
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text:
Guidebook on the labour and environment provisions of the CPTPP
Donor : EDM
Date : Jan-Jul 2022
Viet Nam ratified the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) on 12 November 2018 and the agreement came into force for Viet Nam on 14 January 2019. The CPTPP is a global mega trade deal and comprises the following countries: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Viet Nam. The eleven countries recorded a combined Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of approximately USD 11.7 trillion in 2021 and accounted for approximately 15 per cent of global trade flows in the same year. Several other countries have applied to join the CPTPP including the United Kingdom, China, Taiwan, Ecuador and Costa Rica. The Republic of Korea and Thailand have also expressed interest in joining the Agreement.
International Economics Consulting Ltd. (IEC) assisted the Multilateral Trade Policy Department (MTPD) of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Vietnam in developing a simple guide aimed at explaining the obligations arising from the labour and environment chapters of the CPTPP. The guide explains how the provisions from these chapters impact Vietnamese businesses and outlines the various measures that both the public and private sectors need to undertake to comply with obligations that arise under the Agreement. The guide will be published in English and Vietnamese.
The CPTPP features among the new generation of free trade agreements (FTAs) and goes beyond improving market access conditions and preferences. Instead, the CPTPP equally focuses on promoting inclusive and environmentally friendly trade between the various countries party to the Agreement. It requires countries to reaffirm their commitments to trade and sustainable development.
Both the labour and environment chapters introduce higher standards than those currently applicable in Viet Nam. Provisions in the labour chapter can be categorised into four main areas namely:
the adoption and maintenance of laws and regulations aimed at protecting internationally recognised labour rights
the improvement of transparency
the facilitation and encouragement of public engagement and cooperation
The establishment of a dispute settlement mechanism
The provisions in the environment chapter largely mirror those in the labour chapter, especially when it comes to public participation and dispute resolution. The environmental provisions in the CPTPP can also be categorised into four main areas namely:
Environmental Protection in specific areas
Voluntary mechanisms and cooperation
The primary responsibility for implementing the provisions from the labour and environmental chapters of the CPTPP lies with the Government. It must devise a clear and effective strategy to ensure that all obligations are met and that all relevant institutions have the necessary resources and capabilities to operate effectively. The private sector can nonetheless play a key role in the implementation of the labour and environment chapters. The study provided multiple recommended actions for the private sector across the institutional, regulatory, cooperative, public participation and consultative frameworks. For instance, at the institutional level, we recommended the establishment of a Public-Private Partnership framework to promote the effective implementation and utilisation of the CPTPP.
Understanding the sustainability provisions in FTAs is important for businesses as they seek to import or export from certain markets. At IEC, we provide our clients with a detailed analysis of the key impacts of new trade agreements on their operations and competitiveness through an assessment of tariff, and non-tariff tariff barriers, provisions on rules of origin, customs efficiency, the effectiveness of transport networks, and sustainability provisions, among others. We can help assess the opportunities in different markets, determine the feasibility and viability of projects, and benchmark the wider ecosystem to support business growth.


text:
A total of 22 species belonging to four genera of the subfamily Coeliadinae (family Hesperiidae), or the awls, awlets and awlkings, as they are commonly called, are found in India. These are relatively large skippers which inhabit dense forests, mostly evergreen, and have dicotyledonous host plants. The vividly marked, smooth, cylindrical caterpillars construct cells from leaves within which they metamorphose into stout pupae. These skippers tend to synchronise egg-laying followed by migration, sometimes to sub-optimal habitats in search of fresh supplies of host plants.

The awls and related genera have long, narrow forewings, rounded hindwings with a characteristic deep fold at the inner margin and produced at the tornus. The adult sexes are alike excepting that males have specialised scales and scent brands on the forewings. They have large labial palpi which have a thin third segment protruding ahead of the eye. The eyes are large, an adaptation to the crepuscular habits of this species.

Checklist

Badamia – brown awl

 Brown awl, Badamia exclamationis (Fabricius, 1775)

Bibasis – diurnal awlets
Note: Bibasis contains just three diurnal species, of which only one occurs in India; the crepuscular remainder having been removed to Burara. The species now shifted to Burara are morphologically and behaviorally distinct from Bibasis, within which many authors have formerly included them.
 Orange-tail awl, Bibasis sena (Moore, 1865)

Burara – crepuscular awlets

 Pale green awlet, Burara gomata (Moore, 1865), formerly Bibasis gomata.
 Small green awlet, Burara amara (Moore, 1865), formerly Bibasis amara.
 Plain orange awlet, Burara anadi de Nicéville, 1883 formerly Bibasis anadi.
 Orange awlet, Burara harisa (Moore, 1865), formerly Bibasis harisa.
 Orange-striped awl, Burara jaina (Moore, 1865), formerly Bibasis jaina.
 Branded orange awlet, Burara oedipodea (Swainson, 1820), formerly Bibasis oedipodea.
 Green awlet, Burara vasutana Moore, 1865 formerly Bibasis vasutana.

Choaspes – awlkings

 Indian awlking, Choaspes benjaminii (Guérin-Méneville, 1843)
 Branded awlking, Choaspes plateni (Staudinger, 1888)
 Similar awlking, Choaspes xanthopogon (Kollar, 1844)
 Hooked awlking, Choaspes furcata Evans, 1932

Hasora – awls

 Slate awl, Hasora anura de Nicéville, 1889
 Common banded awl, Hasora chromus (Cramer, 1780)
 White banded awl, Hasora taminatus (Hübner, 1818)
 Yellow banded awl, Hasora schoenherr (Latreille, 1824)
 Common awl, Hasora badra (Moore, 1857)
 Plain banded awl, Hasora vitta (Butler, 1870)
 Large banded awl, Hasora khoda (Mabille, 1876)
 Violet awl, Hasora leucospila (Mabille, 1891)
 Green awl, Hasora salanga (Plötz, 1885)

This list forms part of the full List of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae) which itself is part of the complete List of butterflies of India.

See also
Coeliadinae
Hesperiidae
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae)

Cited references

References
Print

Watson, E. Y. (1891) Hesperiidae indicae. Vest and Co. Madras.

Online

Brower, Andrew V. Z. and Warren, Andrew, (2007). Coeliadinae Evans 1937. Version 21 February 2007 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Coeliadinae/12150/2007.02.21 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/.

Coeliadinae
Coeliadinae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Paula + Michael got married at St Oswalds Parish Church in Thornton-in-Lonsdale on a sunny July afternoon. The Bride travelled to church in her father's beautifully restored Austin Seven. After the ceremony they had a reception in a marquee in the village of Wray, complete with jazz band. I thoroughly enjoyed the day and there was no shortage of great picture opportunities. I wish Paula + Michael a long and happy future together.


>>>>>>> `--with-openssl` or `--without-openssl` arguments to configure.
>>>>> Can we do that?   Openssl is BSD code.
>>>>> think --as-needed saves us there.
>> Keep in mind that "including directly" more than likely is a drawback.
with the other MD5 routines, which was convenient.


This program is specifically designed to give students first-hand experience in Argentinian food production from farms to manufacturers to markets and restaurants.
Students will earn 3 credit hours during this 10 day program in Argentina.
The program will incorporate several site visits to local businesses, cultural activities, and city tours.
Students will spend about 10 days exploring the cities of Buenos Aires and Rosario, Argentina.
Buenos Aires (6 nights): The capital and most populous city of Argentina known for its preserved Spanish and European-style architecture.
Rosario (3 nights): Located at the heart of the major industrial corridor in central Argentina and serves as the shipping center for the country's manufactured goods and exports.
Students will participate in a guided tour of Buenos Aires, multiple visits to food manufacturing companies, a day at an Argentine Estancia (Gaucho Ranch), multiple cultural activities, and visits to local food markets, restaurants, and farms.
Students will stay at a centrally-located hotel and share a room with another ISU student.
Rooms will be double occupancy, with each student having their own bed.
The hotel will have internet available and breakfast is included each day.
Daily breakfast is provided by the hotel.
Welcome and Farewell dinners are included on the first and last nights of the program.
Students are responsible for all other meals throughout the duration of the trip.


text:
Page 1 2 . . . 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 . . . 48 49
Browsing page 41 of words meaning emotions, conditions, and feelings (483 words total)
The location of this category within the thesaurus is shown on page 1 of this category.
The list of all slang words with this meaning is shown on page 1 of this category.
Full definitions of all the slang words listed above:
siked
alternative spelling of "psyched".
I'm getting so siked about our trip this weekend!
See more words with the same meaning: alternative spellings or pronunciations (list of).
See more words with the same meaning: excited, energetic.
Last edited on Oct 01 2013. Submitted by Walter Rader (Editor) from Sacramento, CA, USA on Oct 01 2013.
simmer down
to calm down.
He didn't bump into you on purpose. Simmer down.
The two brothers were at each other's throats until the father intervened and asked them to simmer down.
See more words with the same meaning: calm.
See more words with the same meaning: to hang out, relax.
Last edited on Jan 03 2014. Submitted by Walter Rader (Editor) from Sacramento, CA, USA on Oct 03 2009.
skeered
scared.
Don't be skeered!
I ain't skeered.
See more words with the same meaning: afraid, scared.
Last edited on May 13 2013. Submitted by Heather C. from Melfa, VA, USA on Jan 16 2003.
skerred
I ain't skerred of you.
Last edited on Aug 10 2006. Submitted by Ellen G. on Aug 10 2006.
shortened form of sketchy.
See more words with the same meaning: abbreviations (list of).
Last edited on Oct 01 2001. Submitted by Fitz from CA, USA on Oct 01 2001.
to act excessively nervous, especially while on marijuana.
The cops aren't coming, quit sketching.
See more words with the same meaning: to become angry, go crazy, freak out.
skurred
"scared".
I ain't skurred of you, boy!
Last edited on Apr 03 2015. Submitted by Ames on May 03 2002.
smoke crack
Someone who doesn't know what they're talking about. Out of touch with reality.
You must be smokin' crack.
See more words with the same meaning: crazy, insane, weird, strange.
See more words with the same meaning: to do drugs.
Last edited on Jun 29 1998. Submitted by Karen from Seattle, WA, USA on Jun 29 1998.
An insult, implying that someone's mental deficiencies or misconceptions are a result from being high on crack.
What, I didn't hear what you said... I was probably smoking crack.
Throw away my baseball cards? Are you smoking crack?
Last edited on Jul 12 2011. Submitted by Emily M. from UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA on Feb 29 2000.
see also smoke, smoking.
Last edited on Jan 08 2010. Submitted by Walter Rader (Editor) from Sacramento, CA, USA on Jan 08 2010.
extremely intoxicated, either by alcohol or marijuana.
I got smoked last night.
See more words with the same meaning: under the influence of alcohol, drunk.
Last edited on Dec 03 1997. Submitted by Ian P. from Hazleton, IA, USA on Dec 03 1997.
exhausted physically.
I'm smoked from that run.
See more words with the same meaning: tired.
Last edited on May 18 2011. Submitted by Will J. on Mar 10 1999.
killed or seriously injured.
Bill got smoked last night while racing his sport bike on the highway.
Last edited on Mar 07 2018. Submitted by Anonymous on Aug 29 2017.
an exclamation of surprise or disappointment; "damn"; "darn"; "shit".
Snap! I forgot my homework!
Citation from "The Inner Circle", The Office (TV), Season 7 Episode 23 (2011) censored in hope of resolving Google's penalty against this site.
Snap, that's tight.
Last edited on Apr 28 2013. Submitted by Matt McNier from Colorado Springs, CO, USA on Oct 23 1997.
an exclamation in response to someone getting insulted.
Citation from "The Kiss", Modern Family (TV, 2010), Season 2 Episode 2 censored in hope of resolving Google's penalty against this site.
Citation from "Trading Place", Family Guy (TV), Season 9 Episode 13 (2011) censored in hope of resolving Google's penalty against this site.
Last edited on Jul 26 2011. Submitted by katie B. on Mar 15 2000.
a general exclamation.
verb - intransitive
to masturbate.
See more words with the same meaning: to masturbate.
Last edited on Aug 02 2010. Submitted by Scott McNabney from Richmond Hill, ON, Canada on Nov 06 1997.
to become enraged; "freak out".
The man was ready to snap after the accident.
Last edited on Aug 09 2011. Submitted by joel from Naugatuck, CT, USA on May 24 2002.
to go insane.
Citation from "Stone Dead", Raines (TV), Season 1 Episode 4 (2007) censored in hope of resolving Google's penalty against this site.
snotty
verbally ill-tempered.
Why is your little brother being so snotty?
Citation from "Jeu Monegasque", Archer (TV), Season 2 Episode 11 (2011) censored in hope of resolving Google's penalty against this site.
See more words with the same meaning: angry, annoyed, offended.
Last edited on Jul 08 2011. Submitted by Walter Rader (Editor) from Sacramento, CA, USA on Aug 31 2009.
soiled with snot.
See more words with the same meaning: to blow one's nose, sneeze, mucus.
Last edited on Mar 24 2011. Submitted by Walter Rader (Editor) from Sacramento, CA, USA on Mar 24 2011.


Kepro introduces a new injectable, an oral liquid and 4 intramammary injectors. Recovite Inj., Tilmi 25% Oral and the intramammary injectors will be on display at VIV Europe 2010, from 20 – 22 April in the Jaarbeurs Utrecht, The Netherlands. "We are proud to present these new products. They contribute to our mission to help our customers solving animal health problems and at an even higher service level than before," says Mark Slotman, Managing Director at Kepro.
The new injectable Recovite Inj. contains organic alpha-phosphorus acid and vitamin B12. It is used in situations of metabolic and nutritional problems in animals. Slotman enumerates: "It is also an effective treatment in case of reproduction problems and it improves resistance and reduces stress." As a whole, Recovite Inj. is a strong metabolic stimulant. The injectable is used to safely treat pigs, piglets, poultry, cattle and calves.
Kepro introduces 4 new intramammary injectors.
Mastoline, a product to treat clinical mastitis contains lincomycin and neomycin; a combination that is very effective against Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli and is bacteriostaticly active against Streptococci.
Oxamas, also a product to treat clinical mastitis is a preparation based on Oxacillin sodium monohydrate, a synthetic penicillin. It is very effective in inactivating Gram-positive bacteria.
Cloxamas Dry Cow is an anti-Staphylococcal penicillin primarily used for penicillin-G resistant organisms. It is indicated for the treatment and prevention of subclinical mastitis during the dry period.
Dryclox-N combines cloxacillin and neomycin effective in cases of mastitis during the dry period.


text:
BREAKING: Nigeria Reports 87 New Cases Of COVID
Nigeria on Saturday recorded 87 new cases of the novel coronavirus, bringing the country's total infections to 1,182 , according to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC).
According to the NCDC in a tweet via its official handle, 33 of the new infections were recorded in Lagos, 18 in Borno, 12 in Osun, nine in Katsina, four each in Kano and Ekiti, three each in Edo and Bauchi and one in Imo.
The country's total deaths from the virus now stand at 35 while 222 have recovered.
The new coronavirus has claimed at least 200,736 lives since its outbreak in China in December, according to a tally from official sources compiled by AFP at 1900 GMT on Saturday.
More than 2,864,070 cases were registered in 193 countries and territories. Of these cases, at least 772,900 are now considered recovered.
The tallies, using data collected by AFP from national authorities and information from the World Health Organization (WHO), probably reflect only a fraction of the actual number of infections.
Since Friday evening, 6,813 new deaths and 93,320 infections were recorded worldwide. The United States, the worst-hit country, registered 2,710 of those deaths, Britain 813, and Italy 415.
The United States has the highest number of deaths with 53,070 from 924.865 cases.
Italy has the second-highest toll with 26,384 deaths out of 195,351 cases, followed by Spain (22,902 deaths and 223,759 cases), France (22,614 deaths and 161,488 cases) and the UK with 20,319 fatalities and 148,377 cases.
China — excluding Hong Kong and Macau — has to date declared 4,632 deaths and 82,816 cases, just 12 more since Friday.
Europe has a total of 122,171 deaths from 1,360,314 cases, the United States and Canada have 55,586 deaths and 969,896 cases, Asia has 7,854 deaths from 195,102 cases, Latin America and the Caribbean have 7,434 deaths from 150,162 cases, the Middle East has 6,225 deaths from 150.625 cases, Africa has 1,361 deaths from 29,981 cases and Oceania has 105 deaths from 7,991 cases.
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Ernest L. King: 10:30 a.m. Friday, Dec. 5, in First Baptist Church, Coldwater.
Josephine Ortiz: 10 a.m. Friday, Dec. 5, in Saint John's Catholic Church, Albion.
Estella Rodgers: 11 a.m. Friday, Dec. 5, in Maranatha Original Church of God.
Nancy J. Warner: 1 p.m. Friday, Dec. 5, at Royal Funeral Home.
Helen M. Banfield: 11 a.m. Saturday, Dec. 6, in Marshall United Methodist Church.
Bernice Calloway: Noon Saturday, Dec. 6, in Grace Temple Church of God In Christ, Albion.
Edgar A. Cross: 11 a.m. Saturday, Dec. 6, in Factoryville Bible Church, Athens.
Gar Dickerson: 1 p.m. Saturday, Dec. 6, at the Elks Lodge, Albion.
Elenora Garges: 1 p.m. Saturday, Dec. 6, at Royal Funeral Home.
Marcia K. Purdy: 11 a.m. Saturday, Dec. 6, in Portage United Church of Christ.
Barbara A. Tuitt: 1 p.m. Saturday, Dec. 6, at Farley-Estes and Dowdle Funeral Home, Richland.
Jean M. Whaley: 11 a.m. Saturday, Dec. 6, at Eagle Funeral Home - George White Chapel, Litchfield.
Timothy D. Austin: 11:30 a.m. Monday, Dec. 8, at Royal Funeral Home.
James F. Wilson: 11 a.m. Monday, Dec. 8, in Ascension Lutheran Church, East Lansing.
Patricia E. Peltier: 10:30 a.m. Tuesday, Dec. 9, in St. Mary of Assumption Church, Bronson.
Joyce M. Woods: 11 a.m. Tuesday, Dec. 9, in St. Mary Catholic Church, Marshall.
Violet M. Brady: 2 p.m. Thursday, Dec. 11, in Fort Custer National Cemetery, Augusta.
John M. Munger: 3 p.m. Saturday, Dec. 13, in Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses, Coldwater.


text:
Pipandor était une émission radiophonique AM de la Société Radio-Canada (CBF/690 et les autres stations affiliées) s'adressant à un jeune public.  L'émission était diffusée à 9:30 tous les samedis.  Année de diffusion à déterminer.  Toutefois, l'émission était en onde durant l'année 1967.

Guy Godin dans le rôle-titre animait l'émission avec André Montmorency dans le rôle de Colégram.

Textes: Lorraine Nebel et Paule Sainte-Marie.

Références

Émission de radio québécoise


text:
Q: filter rows which does not have class attribute this is my table and I need rows which don't have any class attribute

1

2

3

4

I am using this and tired
$(this).find('tbody').find('tr').filter(':not([attr_class])').each(function..

A: The name of the attribute is class, not attr_class. So it should be:
$(this).find('tbody').find('tr').filter(':not([class])').each(function..

which can be simplified to:
$(this).find('tbody tr:not([class])').each(function..

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: max number of actors per host in akka How many max actors can we have on one box in akka?
public void MyActor extends AkkaActor{

  receive(Objet obj){
    // so something
  }

}

1)Is there some limit on max number of actors instances?I am planning to created around 10K actors on one box. I will have 50 such boxes so that i can scale horizontally
2)IS there some performance problems with this?

A: It is just a matter of having enough memory: the overhead of one actor is roughly 400 bytes (plus whatever state you keep within it). This means that on typical systems you can have millions of actors. The performance does not depend on the number of actors you create, it depends on how many messages you send between them. You should not worry if that number is up to a few million per second, beyond that you will have to benchmark your program against your chosen hardware to see if it works out.


Discovery Painting would like to offer you a selection of 9 different Sandpaper & Abrasives to complete your home project.
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If you like flexible sanding blocks, then we have a selection for you. These handy blocks are great for delicate areas and achieve a neat finish on uneven surfaces Great on contoured or irregular shaped surfaces.