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Home Security DDoS
This was H1 2022: Part 3 – Beyond the War
Pascal Geenens
Being caught up in all the events and media attention stemming from the Russo-Ukrainian conflict, one could forget that there is still activity outside the realm of the war. True, the war shifted the focus and priorities of the nations and some crime groups alike, but others went on with their business as usual. The war, and its repercussions on the threat landscape, did not entirely eliminate pre-existing threats. I would argue that some threats are showing potential for growth in the shadow of the war. There is an upside or opportunity for rogue, organized and nation-linked agents to roam undetected and even accelerate their offensive operations.
This is the third and final blog in our three-part series, which was written to shine a light on cyber activities in the first half of 2022. This particular blog covers events, attacks and heists that took place outside the Russian and Ukraine cyber war.
Roaming APTs
The undeniable focus on threats and events relating to the invasion of Ukraine by Russia does not mean other threat actors suspended their activities. On the contrary, while the eyes of the world are upon Russia, other actors have been roaming across the internet almost unnoticed.
On January 13, 2022, Trend Micro linked cyberespionage campaigns against governments, which are typically seen in state-backed campaigns, as well as financially driven attacks against several gambling companies in China and various cryptocurrency platforms to a new Chinese actor, dubbed "Earth Lucsa." Earth Lucsa targeted government institutions in Taiwan, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, the United Arab Emirates, Mongolia and Nigeria; educational institutions in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan and France; media agencies in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Australia, Germany and France; pro-democracy and human rights political organizations and movements in Hong Kong; COVID-19 research organizations in the United States; telecom companies in Nepal; religious movements that were banned in mainland China; and various cryptocurrency trading platforms. The threat actors leveraged spear-phishing, watering hole attacks and known vulnerabilities, such as ProxyShell and Oracle GlassFish. The payloads used during the campaigns included backdoors (CobalStrike, Doraemon, FunnySwitch, ShadowPad and Winnti malware) and webshells (AntSword, Behinder).
On January 13, 2022, Chainalysis published a preview of their 2022 Crypto Crime Report, concluding that North Korean cybercriminals had a banner year in 2021, launching at least seven attacks on cryptocurrency platforms and extracting nearly $400 million. Attacks primarily targeted investment firms and centralized exchanges, mostly leveraging phishing lures, code exploits and advanced social engineering to siphon funds out of "hot" wallets. The attacks were mainly attributed to Lazarus Group (APT 38), which was led by the DPRK's Reconnaissance General Bureau.
On March 23, 2022, a cryptocurrency heist of $540 million impacted video game Axie Infinity's Ronin Network. It was the second-largest cyber-enabled theft to date. One month later, the FBI, in coordination with the U.S. Treasury Department, implicated the North Korean Lazarus Group. According to a report published, first by The Block on July 6, the hack was the consequence of one of Axie Infiniti's former employees being tricked by a fraudulent job offer on LinkedIn. Hackers duped a senior engineer at Axie Infinity into applying for a job at a fictitious company. After multiple rounds of interviews, the engineer was offered a job with an extremely generous compensation package. The offer document subsequently acted as a conduit to deploy malware designed to breach Ronin's network, ultimately facilitating one of the crypto sector's biggest hacks to date.
On June 7, 2022, the CISA, NSA, and FBI released a joint Cybersecurity Advisory (AA22-158A) explaining how the People's Republic of China (PRC) state-sponsored cyber actors continue to exploit publicly known vulnerabilities in order to establish a broad network of compromised infrastructure, across public and private sector organizations. The advisory details how PRC state-sponsored actors targeted and compromised major telecommunications companies and network service providers.
On February 27, 2022, as CNN Philippines was gearing up to live stream a debate between candidates running in the country's presidential elections, its website went down. It was the second time in a matter of months that the site had been hit, as Peter Guest, enterprise editor for Rest of World, reported. Since June 2021, opposition politicians, independent media, and fact-checking websites in the Philippines had been hit over and over with DDoS attacks. CNN, major news network ABS-CBN, Rappler (the outlet founded by the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize winner, Maria Ressa), and VERA Files, a fact-checking organization, were all targeted, along with the website of Vice President Leni Robredo, who was a staunch critic of the current president, Rodrigo Duterte. For the preceding 10 months, the attacks escalated in frequency and aggression as the country moved towards the 2022 general elections in May. Some of the organizations have been under a constant barrage of DDoS attempts. "It's like being under siege," Ellen Tordesillas, VERA Files' president, told Rest of World. "You're always on alert."
In April, 2022, Meta announced preparations for the upcoming Philippine election on Facebook by activating an Elections Operations Center to detect and respond quickly to potential abuse and developing stronger policies in collaboration with the Commission on Elections, election watchdogs, independent fact checkers and civil society organizations. Meta removed a network of Facebook pages, groups and accounts maintained by the New People's Army (NPA), a banned terrorist organization. As part of tackling other emerging harms, Meta also removed a network of over 400 accounts, pages, and groups in the Philippines that worked together to violate community standards and evade enforcement systematically. The people behind this activity claimed to be hacktivists. They relied primarily on authentic and duplicate accounts to post and amplify content about DDoS attacks, account recovery and defacing and compromising news entities' websites in the Philippines.
On March 14, 2022, the Iranian state television reported that the paramilitary Revolutionary Guard arrested members of a "network" working for Israel that planned to sabotage Iran's major underground nuclear facility at Fordo. The TV report said that those who were arrested approached employees at Fordo's IR-6 section, where it is believed that centrifuges for spinning uranium were developed, paying them in cash or cryptocurrency, and instructing them on how to connect with an Israeli agent, who was acting as a manager of a company based in Hong Kong. According to the report, the alleged sabotage was to take place ahead of the Persian New Year, or Nowruz, which started on March 21.
Also on March 14, later in the day, Israel experienced a large scale cyberattack targeting the government. The attackers were able to take down several websites, including those of the ministries of health, interior, justice and welfare. The Israeli government did not officially attribute the attacks but said that all sites with a gov.il domain were targeted by DDoS attacks. The attacks came just a day after Iran fired missiles at the Iraqi city of Erbil in an apparent warning to the U.S. and its allies. The Jerusalem Post reported that an Iranian-affiliated threat group had claimed responsibility for the apparent attack and that this may have been retaliation for an alleged Israeli operation against an Iranian nuclear facility. However, neither incident was confirmed.
In April 2022, Iran's underground Natanz nuclear facility experienced a mysterious blackout that damaged some of its centrifuges. In 2020, unexplained fires struck the advanced centrifuge assembly plant at Natanz, which authorities later described as sabotage. Iran is now rebuilding that facility deep inside a nearby mountain. Iran blamed Israel for carrying out the Natanz sabotage, although Israel never claimed it. Iran also blamed Israel for the November killing of a scientist who started the country's military nuclear program decades earlier.
On April 20, 2022, dozens of Israeli websites, including the Israelian Airport Authority website and the Channel 9 news site, were targeted by DDoS attacks. ALtahrea, a group of pro-Iranian hackers in Iraq, claimed credit for temporarily taking down the websites at 1:02 a.m. on Wednesday, April 20, coinciding with the two-year anniversary of Qassem Soleimani's assassination by the U.S. in Baghdad. Soleimani was head of the Quds Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, a U.S.-designated terrorist organization.
On April 28, 2022, two Israeli radio stations were taken over by the pro-Iranian hacker group Hackers of Savior, operating under the banner OpJerusalem. On Radio 91FM, also known as Radio Lev Hamedina, the hackers disrupted the live video broadcast, while the broadcast of Radius 100 FM was replaced by pro-Palestinian propaganda, which included recordings in Hebrew – with an Arabic accent – of "Palestine will be liberated" soon. The attacks came one day ahead of Quds Day, which fell on April 29 this year. Iran initiated Quds Day, or Jerusalem Day, in 1979, the year of the Islamic Revolution. It commemorates the day with anti-Israel speeches, events and threats to "liberate" Jerusalem from Israeli control. The radio stations said they were prepared for such an attack as the Israel National Cyber Directorate had issued, ahead of Jerusalem Day, the annual warning for potential breaches of Israeli websites expected on or around April 29. Hackers of Savior has a history of breaching Israeli institutions. In 2022, it already claimed to have hacked into a system to transfer funds between Israeli banks and people's personal accounts. However, the Cyber Directorate found no indication of this.
OpIsrael, DragonForce Malaysia targeting Israel
OpIsrael, a yearly operation targeting Israelian businesses and citizens, was nearly nonexistent this year due to Anonymous' focus on the Russo-Ukranian conflict. OpsBedil, a hacktivist operation targeting Middle Eastern organizations in 2021, did however make a return this year. OpsBedil can be considered the replacement for the now-defunct OpIsrael operations. The new OpsBedil operations were conducted by DragonForce Malaysia and its affiliates throughout Southeast Asia, specifically Malaysia and Indonesia. The current operation, OpsBedilReloaded, is considered a political response to events that occurred in Israel on April 11, 2022. During OpsBedilReloaded, hacktivists executed website defacements, sensitive data leaks and denial-of-service attacks. Hacktivist campaigns like OpsBedil, while nowhere near as notorious as OpIsrael once was, present a renewed level of risk for the region. Unlike Anonymous, DragonForce Malaysia and its affiliates had the time, the resources and the motivation to execute these attacks and present a moderate-level threat to Israel.
DragonForce Malaysia OpsBedil Reloaded Campaign Flyer
OpsPatuk, DragonForce Malaysia Targeting India
On June 10th, 2022, DragonForce Malaysia launched a series of cyberattacks against the government of India and numerous organizations across the country, Radware reported. OpsPatuk is a new campaign, and like previous operations run by DragonForce Malaysia, it is reactionary and in response to a controversial statement made by a Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) spokesperson who condemned the Prophet Muhammad, SAW. As a result, DragonForce Malaysia, with the assistance of several other threat groups, began to indiscriminately scan, deface and launch denial-of-service attacks against numerous websites in India. More advanced members of the group were observed leveraging current exploits, breaching networks and leaking data.
DragonForce Malaysia OpsPatuk Campaign Badge
Record-Level DDoS Attacks
In April 2022, Cloudflare detected one of the largest HTTPS DDoS attacks on record. Cloudflare announced it blocked a 15 million request per second HTTPS DDoS attack, originating from 6,000 unique bots that targeted a crypto launchpad. The attack lasted for 15 seconds, and no actor claimed credit for it.
In May, 2022, Radware announced it blocked a volumetric DDoS attack peaking at 1.1Tbps. While the peak attack throughput was not the highest ever recorded, this attack lasted for 36 hours and sustained over 700Gbps in a single attack vector for more than 8 hours. In contrast, most other record-breaking DDoS attacks reported in the last two years had durations of less than 60 seconds. According to Radware, the attack targeted one of the largest service providers in the U.S.
[You may also like: Radware Mitigates 1.1 Tbps DDoS Attack]
Ransom Denial-of-Service
The first half of the year was marked by a significant increase in DDoS activity across the globe. Attacks ranged from cases of hacktivism to terabit attacks in Asia and the United States. In the previous months, ransom denial-of-service (RDoS) groups claiming to be Phantom Squad and REvil resurged. In May 2022, Radware discovered several ransom demand letters from a group posing as Phantom Squad.
Phantom Squad Ransom Note
During one of the many waves of RDoS campaigns in 2021, a group claiming to be REvil targeted several VoIP providers worldwide. At the time, REvil, a notorious ransomware group, had just returned to action after disappearing following the Kaseya VSA ransomware attack. The RDoS campaign sparked concern as critical infrastructure was impacted. The campaign resulted in an industry-wide warning from Comms Council UK, stating that a "coordinated extortion-focused international campaign by professional cyber criminals" was targeting IP-based communication services providers during October 2021. And while RDoS attacks typically were considered lower tier threats that are easy to mitigate, Bandwidth.com went on record that the RDoS attacks caused a $700,000 dent in their Q3 revenues and would cost up to $12 million in actual and reputation damages.
[You may also like: Ransomware & Ransome DoS, Why They Are Similar But Different]
During the first half of 2022, a renewed campaign of RDoS attacks by a group claiming to be REvil emerged. This time the group was not only sending warning ransom notes before the attack started, but also embedded the ransom note and demands in the attack payload. The attacks were high-frequency HTTPS GET request floods that lasted several minutes and ranged up to several million requests per second. These attacks targeted online applications and hosts and embedded the ransom message as a readable string in the URL.
REvil RDoS Note Embedded in URL and Recorded in Server Log Files
DDoS Attacks on Gaming
In January, 2022, APEX Legends pros went to twitter to complain that "Ranked is unplayable due to DDoS attacks." Apex Legends was a competitive game at its heart and that meant players were desperate to win every match they queued up for, especially in Ranked. While the majority of the community abided by the rules and relied on their own skill to pick up wins, others preferred to use third-party software to gain a massive advantage. Although this could include aimbots and wallhacks, at the very top of Ranked, the preferred method tended to be DDoS attacks to disrupt the entire server, effectively disconnecting all the players in a match.
On January 22, 2022, the high stakes Squidcraft Games were plagued by DDoS attacks, resulting in the elimination of Team Andorra. Twitch Rivals Squidcraft Games was a Minecraft tournament for streamers held in a custom mode, inspired by the popular TV series "The Squid Game." Twitch's most famous Spanish-speaking creators, totaling 150 participants, were competing in various mini-games with direct elimination over five days. On the second day of the tournament, many Andorran streamers were eliminated after disconnecting repeatedly. NetBlocks, a group that tracked network disruptions and shutdowns, claimed in a tweet that the DDoS attack were actually targeting the competition. Unfortunately, the rest of Andorra also went down with the eliminated streamers. The internet outage lasted for over half an hour after the start of the DDoS attacks as Andorra Telecom worked to restore service.
On March 25, 2022, a DDoS attack left 'Among Us' unplayable in North America and Europe.
Is DDoS a Crime?
The first half of the year had a vibe of "DDoS is not a crime." Vigilantes on both sides of the Russo-Ukrainian war leveraged whatever knowledge and resources they had to support their nation through hacking campaigns, convinced of the fact that their actions were morally acceptable and legal. These actions, however, could have serious consequences. Referring to an earlier paragraph in this blog, the FSB detained a 29-year-old Yalta, resident of Crimea, for launching DDoS attacks against Russian media outlets and financial institutions in service of Ukraine, from a program which he installed on his work computer. The detainee is facing five years in a Russian prison.
On March 10, 2022, Canadian pop star Grimes said during a Vanity Fair interview that she was behind a 2012 hack and "blackmail" of the popular culture blog Hipster Runoff after it ran a story and photo of her kissing an unnamed woman. Grimes admitted to her "coolest hacker moment" and explained how she, with the help of a friend, orchestrated a DDoS attack and held Hipster Runoff offline until the owner agreed to take down the story. Jackie Singh, author of the blog 'Hacking, But Legal' said that even "A decade later, unfazed by time and experience, Grimes remains convinced this was a triumphant moment for her, and not an ethical lapse for which she should feel ashamed." She added that "Grimes doesn't seem concerned about any actual risk associated with admitting crimes to a major magazine, despite the fact that Canada does not have a statute of limitations on cybercrime."
On February 22, 2022, Mitel disclosed a vulnerability (CVE-2022-26143) in their MiCollab and MiVoice devices, which would allow malicious actors to leverage the PBX VoIP gateways as powerful amplifying reflectors for DDoS attacks. About 2600 exposed systems on the public internet would facilitate high packet rate DDoS attacks with amplification rations up to 4 billion to 1. At the beginning of the year, spikes in DDoS attacks sourced from UDP port 100074 were observed and determined to originate from Mitel devices.
On March 13, 2022, iRZ, a Russian manufacturer working in the rocket and space industry, disclosed a vulnerability in its routers which allowed an attack to remotely execute commands by adding entry to crontab via simple API call to '/api/crontab'. The vulnerability was tracked as CVE-2022-27226 and quickly got exploited by Keksec's latest botnet, Enemybot, discovered mid-March.
On March 29, 2022, a remote code execution (RCE) in Spring Cloud Function was disclosed by Spring, a VMWare subsidiary. The vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2022-22963, was fixed at disclosure. This disclosure came closely after another remote code execution vulnerability in Spring Cloud Gateway (CVE-2022-22947) that was patched earlier in March. In addition, Spring reported a denial-of-service vulnerability in Spring Expressions. The DoS condition could be triggered by a specially crafted Spring Expression Language (SpEL) expression and tracked as CVE-2022-22950.
On March 31, 2022, an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability in Spring Core was disclosed (CVE-2022-22965) and fixed. The disclosure came after a Chinese account tweeted screenshots of a new proof of concept (PoC) zero-day exploit in Spring Core. The PoC code was removed soon after initial publication, but not before being captured and confirmed by Praetorian and Rapid7. The vulnerability was dubbed SpringShell or Spring4Shell in analogy to the Log4Shell vulnerability, which also took the security community by storm in December 2021.
On May 4, 2022, F5 disclosed a new vulnerability (CVE-2022-1388) in its BIG-IP iControl REST API. The vulnerability would allow undisclosed requests to bypass the iControl REST authentication and enable remote unauthenticated attackers to access to BIG-IP devices and execute arbitrary system commands, create or delete files, or disabled services. The vulnerability was quickly leveraged by threat actors and used to deploy IoT botnets and Remote Access Trojans (RAT). On May 11, CISA added the critical flaw to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog and later also warned that it expected to see widespread exploitation of unpatched F5 BIG-IP devices (mostly with publicly exposed management ports or self IPs) in both government and private sector networks.
On June 3, 2022, the CISA released an ICS advisory (ICSA-22-154-01) detailing vulnerabilities affecting the Dominion Voting Systems ImageCast X, an in-person voting system that allows voters to mark their ballot. The ImageCast X can be configured to allow a voter to produce a paper record or to record votes electronically. According to the advisory, the vulnerabilities include improper verification of cryptographic signatures, hidden functionality, path traversal vulnerabilities, execution with unnecessary privileges, authentication bypass spoofing vulnerabilities, incorrect privilege assignment and origin validations errors. The Dominion voting systems has been the target of conspiracy theorists, who falsely claim there was large-scale fraud in the 2020 election. The CISA, however, concluded that these vulnerabilities present risks that should be mitigated as soon as possible, but had no evidence that these vulnerabilities have been exploited in any elections. The CISA also assessed that these vulnerabilities would require access to individual ImageCast X devices, access to the Election Management System (EMS), or the ability to modify files before they are uploaded to ImageCast X devices. Mitre Corp., a federally funded nonprofit, conducted a review of the state's election systems; and while the Mitre report has not been made public, Gabriel Sterling, Georgia's deputy Secretary of State, said in a statement the report showed "existing procedural safeguards make it extremely unlikely for any bad actor to actually exploit any vulnerabilities."
On June 9, 2022, JFrog Security Research disclosed a denial-of-service vulnerability they discovered in Envoy Proxy and which was assigned CVE-2022-29225. Envoy is an open-source edge and service proxy, designed for cloud-native applications. The proxy can decompress GZip and Brotli data. But the Brotli code in charge of decompressing user supplied data did not implement a size limit for the output buffer, allowing an attacker to create a Brotli 'zip bomb' and cause acute performance issues on the Envoy Proxy server.
Zero-Days
On June 2, 2022, Atlassian disclosed an unauthenticated OGNL Injection Remote Code Execution vulnerability affecting its Confluence Server and Data Center products. Confluence is a web-based corporate wiki written in Java. It is used by organizations across the globe as a team workspace to share knowledge and collaborate on projects documentation. The vulnerability was discovered by Volexity while conducting an incident response investigation on internet facing web servers, belonging to a customer that was running Atlassian Confluence Server software during the Memorial Day weekend in the U.S. Volexity was able to recreate the exploit and identify a zero-day vulnerability that impacted fully up-to-date versions of Confluence Server. On May 31, Volexity reported the vulnerability to Atlassian who verified and confirmed the vulnerability and subsequently assigned the issue to CVE-2022-26134. The critical vulnerability with a CVSS score of 9.8 affected all supported versions and was fixed and disclosed by Atlassian on June 2. By June 3, PoC code was available on Github and wider exploitation was observed. The Confluence RCE is caused by OGNL Injection that can be exploited by sending a crafted HTTP GET request with OGNL payload in the URI. Object Graph Navigation Language or OGNL is used for service side templates in Java Server Pages, and has been the cause of several vulnerabilities that exploit the Expression Language interpreter by passing improperly validated user-supplied data. A user in the DragonForce Malaysia forums demonstrated and shared information on how to leverage the Confluence exploit to breach servers during the OpsPatuk hacktivist operation. The Dark.IoT and Kinsing botnet operators were among the first to leverage the freshly disclosed vulnerabilities in the hope to integrate some new and very capable server systems in their botnets.
On June 23, 2022, CrowdStrike published a blog after investigating a suspected ransomware intrusion attempt in one of its customer's environment. The malicious activity had originated from an internal Linux-based Mital VOIP application that was present on the network perimeter. After taking the device offline and conducting further analysis, CrowdStrike's team was able to recover forensic data from the device, after the threat actor deleted all files from the device's filesystem. They discovered a two-step exploit that enabled a remote threat actor to establish a reverse shell. Through close and immediate cooperation with the Mitel product security incident response team (PSIRT), the zero-day exploit was confirmed and patched. The vulnerability was assigned a CVSS 9.8 critical score, tracked as CVE-2022-29499, and disclosed in a security advisory from Mitel. The Remote Code Execution vulnerability, affecting a Mitel Service Appliance, was caused by incorrect data validation and impacted all Mitel Service Appliances SA 100, SA 400, and Virtual SA 19.2 SP3 and earlier.
Software Supply Chain Attacks
On March 15, 2022, in an act of protest against the invasion of Ukraine, the maintainer of a popular Node.js module called 'node-ipc', deliberately sabotaged his module. The module, providing local and remote inter-process communication (IPC), was leveraged by many neural network and machine-learning tools. The developer altered his code to deliberately corrupt files on systems that were running applications which depended on the node-ipc module, but only if the systems were geolocated in either Russia or Belarus, in what can only be described as a software supply chain attack impacting the npm ecosystem.
On May 10, 2022, the Rust Security Response Working Group published an official security advisory about a supply-chain attack against the Rust development community. The Rust Security Response WG and the crates.io team were notified on May 2 about the existence of a malicious crate, rustdecimal, which contained malware. The crate name was intentionally similar to the name of the popular rust_decimal crate, hoping that the potential victims would misspell its name, a favorite tactic leveraged by attackers in software supply chain attacks and known as "typosquatting." The malicious crate contained identical source code and functionality compared to the legit rust decimal crate, except for the Decimal::new function. When the function was called, it checked whether the GITLAB_CI environment variable was set; and if so, it downloaded a secondary binary payload and executed it. The secondary payload supported both Linux and macOS, but not Windows. An analysis of the secondary payload was not possible, as the download URL was offline at the time of analysis.
On May 10, 2022, the JFrog Security Research team published a blog about disclosing new malicious packages in the Node package manager (npm) registry aimed to compromise the leading industrial organizations in Germany. Compared with most malware found in the npm repository, the new payload was a highly sophisticated, obfuscated malware that acted as a backdoor and allowed the attackers to take control over the infected system. The malware was a complete in-house development and was not based on publicly available tools. The malware contained a dropper that would send information about the infected machine to a remote telemetry server, before decrypting and executing a second stage payload which contained a JavaScript backdoor. The attackers targeted a number of prominent media, logistics and industrial organizations based in Germany, including Bertelsmann, Bosch, Stihl and DB Schenker. A day after the publication of their findings, JFrog published an update stating that a German penetration testing company named "Code White" took responsibility for the attack, adding that it was an attempt to "mimic realistic threat actors for dedicated clients."
On May 17, 2022, threat actors uploaded a malicious package named PyMafka onto PyPI. The module's name was similar to PyKafka, a widely used Apache Kafka client that counted over four million downloads. On Linux systems, the Python script is connected to a remote URL and piped the output to the bash shell, acting as a reverse shell. On Windows and macOS, the payload consisted of a Cobalt Strike beacon. The typo-squatted package only reached a download count of 325 before it was detected and removed.
Read the other two blogs in our three-part series, which also highlight first half 2022 cyber activities. Our first post takes a look at the increased efforts and successes of law enforcement and the global security community in their fight against cybercrime. Our second blog reviews the cyber events leading up to and occurring as a consequence of Russian's invasion of Ukraine — a story of modern-day cyber warfare.
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As the Director, Threat Intelligence for Radware, Pascal helps execute the company's thought leadership on today's security threat landscape. Pascal brings over two decades of experience in many aspects of Information Technology and holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the Free University of Brussels. As part of the Radware Security Research team Pascal develops and maintains the IoT honeypots and actively researches IoT malware. Pascal discovered and reported on BrickerBot, did extensive research on Hajime and follows closely new developments of threats in the IoT space and the applications of AI in cyber security and hacking. Prior to Radware, Pascal was a consulting engineer for Juniper working with the largest EMEA cloud and service providers on their SDN/NFV and data center automation strategies. As an independent consultant, Pascal got skilled in several programming languages and designed industrial sensor networks, automated and developed PLC systems, and lead security infrastructure and software auditing projects. At the start of his career, he was a support engineer for IBM's Parallel System Support Program on AIX and a regular teacher and presenter at global IBM conferences on the topics of AIX kernel development and Perl scripting.
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DDoS Protection in the Age of 5G Networks, Edge Computing and Explosive Bandwidth Growth
poppy playtime September 26, 2022 at 10:58 pm
Truly, this article is really one of the very best in the history of articles. I am a antique and I sometimes read some new articles if I find them interesting. And I found this one pretty fascinating and it should go into my collection.
Moses III November 2, 2022 at 6:40 am
Hi baby!


Thank you for all your hard work and dedication to Green Toyota and our customers!
Stop by Green Toyota to see us for all your new or pre-owned vehicle needs.
We are located at 3901 W. Wabash in Springfield.
At Green Toyota... "We're All in this Together!"


As a church, our scholars are an underutilized gift. We are fortunate to have organizations like the Wesleyan Theological Society that encourage Wesleyan/Methodist scholarship and provide a context for sustained theological formation in our tradition.
If you are passionate about the UMC's theological DNA and interested in connecting with some of our leading voices, you will not want to miss the upcoming "Holy People, Faithful Church" conference hosted by United Methodist Scholars for Christian Orthodoxy. This conference, just in time for a post-Easter break, features a diverse array of scholar-pastors and leaders such Joy Moore, Billy Abraham , Bishop Gregory Palmer, David Watson, and Bishop Mike Lowry. The conference will meet from March 31-April 2 at Armstrong Chapel UMC in Cincinatti, Ohio.
Engaging our Wesleyan roots is vital to the future of our church. We are excited for this opportunity to hear from leading United Methodist thinkers and practitioners.
Are these dates correct? Easter is April 1st. The description says it is a "post-Easter" event but the dates are March 31-April 2, i.e., Easter weekend.


Who doesn't love a chocolate cake? Although chocolate cakes are amazing, they can sometimes, if not often, be a little dry. And while for some, the chocolatey icing compensates for the possible dryness of the cake, I'm not that partial to eating a thick layer of icing in-between and on top of a cake (though it does look impressive!).
My ideal cake is one that is moist, simple, with no icing (maybe a sprinkle of icing sugar) that is complimented with some vanilla cream and perhaps some fresh fruit on the side. I found this gorgeous recipe in Nigella Lawson's cookbook, Nigellissima. I recently borrowed this book from my local library (the library has become my recent discovery, as it's the perfect way to try out cookbooks before buying them!), and I came across her recipe for Chocolate Olive Oil Cake.
This cake is deliciously moist, and although it's rich and chocolatey, its not a heavy cake to eat. The use of almond meal means that its perfect for anyone who is gluten-free as well! This cake is perfect served slightly warm, with a dollop of cream or ice-cream and some strawberries, or fresh raspberries on the side.
˚C. Grease a 22cm springform cake tin with oil and line the base with baking paper.
2. Sift the cocoa powder into a small bowl and whisk in the boiling water until you have a smooth, and slightly runny paste (you may need to add a little extra water). Stir in the vanilla extract, then set aside to cool slightly.
3. In another bowl, combine the almond meal (or flour) with the bicarb soda and salt.
4. Put the sugar, olive oil and eggs into the bowl and beat together on a high speed for about 3 minutes until you have a pale and thick consistency.
5. Turn the speed down and pour in the cocoa mixture, beating as you go. Once this is combined, slowly tip in the almond meal (or flour) mixture.
6. Scrape edges of bowl with a spatula and stir a little so it's all combined. Pour into the prepared tin and bake for 40-45 minutes or until the sides are set. The very centre of the cake should still look slightly damp. A skewer should come out mainly clean when inserted into the middle of the cake.
7. Let the cake cool for 10 minutes on a wire rack, still in its tin, then remove from tin and leave to cool completely, or serve warm with cream or ice-cream.


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Supernatural creatures play an important role in defining the hero in both the eighth century epic poem Beowulf, and the fourteenth century British Romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Though both tales involve the hero's journey to find and fight these creatures, their battles serve distinct purposes. Whereas Beowulf's ability to overcome Grendel and Grendel's mother in battle serves to reinforce his status as a powerful epic hero, Gawain's relationship with the Green Knight tests the hero's ability to balance his courtly duties and his natural impulses. By undergoing testing in this manner, the romantic hero may learn and change from his experiences; Beowulf, on the other hand, remains a powerful static figure in the manner of a true epic hero.
In understanding the role of the supernatural in these works it is pertinent to also examine the origin of the supernatural in these works. Both works' supernatural creatures find their roots in the pagan Anglo-Saxon tradition. Beowulf, an Anglo-Saxon poem, displays its Scandinavian roots throughout the text. The supernatural creatures featured in the text such as Grendel, his mother, and the dragon are clearly creatures based on Germanic tradition. In the same manner, the idea of a green man presented in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a product of the pagan tradition. In his introduction to the text, translator Brian Stone notes that the poet uses "pagan folk material drawn mostly from the early Celtic tradition" (11). Though the idea of a natural, wild man is a product of native influences, the Green Knight, simply by name, is a dualistic character. By giving the creature the title of knight the poet exemplifies the French influence present in the poem. According to William Goldhurst, the juxtaposition of the terms "green" and "knight" in the creature's title serves to explain this dualism. "His appellation reveals his paradoxical nature: Green represents untamed natural forces, and Knight, the effects of courtly civilization" (64). This idea of nature and civilization abiding in one body is evident in the first description the reader receives of the knight, which intertwines his awe-inspiring monster appearance with the elegant and knightly aspects of his clothes and manner. The poet describes the supernatural aspects of the knight by saying, "…an awesome fellow/Who in height outstripped all earthly men, from throat to thigh he was so thickset and square/…that he was half a giant on earth/…and all glittering green" (lines 136-150). This monstrous description is juxtaposed with a description of the knight's fine garments, alluding the fact that this creature is also refined: "And garments of green girt the fellow about-/…A comely cloak on top, accomplished with lining/ Of the finest fur to be found, mad of one piece,/ marvellous fur-trimmed material, with matching hood" (lines 151-155). Not only is this knight a civilized creature in the manner of a French court member, but he is also a civilized creature with exquisite tastes for luxurious garments. Whereas the Knight's elegant dress and manner show the influence of the French on this British Romance, the knight's wild "greenness" displays the pagan influence.
By understanding the origins of the supernatural creatures featured in the poems, it is easier to interpret what role these creatures play in each of the works. In both poems, the monsters, Grendel, his mother, and the Green Knight serve as physical hurdles that the hero must overcome. Though the supernatural creature in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight plays an additional role in relation to the hero, for Beowulf the creatures serve only as objects to be conquered to continually reestablish the hero's strength. Fighting supernatural creatures is part of the everyday life of an epic hero like Beowulf, who routinely proves his physical prowess in battle. Beowulf himself notes his great abilities upon meeting Hrothgar, "In my youth I achieved many daring exploits… I destroyed five, a family of giants, and by night slew monsters on the waves…." (Lines 407-419). In the same way that Beowulf uses his past accomplishments in battle to prove his status as a true and capable hero, the battles with Grendel and Grendel's mother only serve to further exalt Beowulf's physical ability and courage. After fatally wounding Grendel in Heorot, those in the mead hall praise Beowulf. "Then Beowulf's exploit was acclaimed; many a man asserted time and time again that there was no better shield-bearer in the whole world, to north or south between the two seas, under the sky's expanse, no many more worthy of his own kingdom" (lines 856-860). His greatness, which the poet establishes early in the text, is being reinforced with every battle he wins. The same is true regarding his victory over Grendel's mother. The victory does not change Beowulf; rather, it reemphasizes his greatness. "Then the fearless leader of the thanes, covered with glory, matchless in battle, once more entered Heorot…" (lines 1644-1646). The battle with Grendel's mother merely reiterates Beowulf's ability rather than emphasizing a personal journey or change. This idea of a static hero is a major theme of the epic genre.
In contrast, the Green Knight serves as a catalyst for internal change within Gawain. This idea of an inner journey or improvement of the hero is an idea found mainly in the French version romance, but is also evident in this text. The Green Knight, a creature the poet depicts as simultaneously wild and civilized, tests not only Gawain's physical strength but also his inner strength to abide by his courtly responsibilities. Many descriptions throughout the text exemplify the Green Knight's role as a representation of the balance between nature and civilization. In the description of the knight at the Green Chapel the poet describes the creature in one instance as a "courteous knight," and in the next describes his animal-like movements saying the creature "…with huge strides/ Advanced violently and fiercely along the field's width/ On the snow" (lines 2212-2235). By creating such a dualistic opponent for the hero, the poet alludes to the fact that there is more to this battle than what meets the eye. The physical fight, the journey through harsh landscape to exchange blows with the green knight, is not the main battle in the poem. The most trying battle proves to be the temptation Gawain experiences in Sir Bertilak's castle, a courtly battle rather than one involving physical strength on the battlefield. So though the Green Knight acts as Gawain's physical opponent in the natural landscape of the Green Chapel, he also acts as his opponent in the more civilized setting. Because the emphasis in the story is not on winning a physical battle over the supernatural creature, as it is in Beowulf, the hero's failure to defeat the Green Knight and to honor his promise to his host allows him to learn and to evolve as an individual. When Gawain pledges to wear the girdle as a reminder of his failure, he is using his failure as a means for improving himself and the other members of King Arthur's Court who also adopt the girdle as a reminder of the lesson learned by Gawain. " 'Look, my Lord,' said Gawain…/this belt confirms the blame I bear on my neck/…For being caught by cowardice and covetousness/ This is the figure of faithlessness found in me,/ Which I must needs wear while I live" (2504-2509). Rather than maintaining the status quo of an epic hero like Beowulf, Gawain's multi-faceted experiences with the Green Knight allow an opportunity not only for him, but also for Arthur's entire court to learn from his encounters with the supernatural.
Through Gawain's experiences with a double-sided supernatural creature he learns a lesson regarding the difficult balance of courtly duties and natural desires, whereas Beowulf's experiences with the supernatural serve only to reinforce his physical abilities. The aspect of the evolution of the hero, a major theme in romance, occurs only through Sir Gawain's struggle with the Green Knight. In the same way, Beowulf's defeat of Grendel and Grendel's mother emphasizes the idea of the epic hero as a powerful, able warrior and a static character. The emphasis on Gawain's struggle with the forces presented by the binary supernatural creature allows the hero to learn and evolve. This role of the supernatural creature as a mechanism for change is in stark contrast to Beowulf, which focuses on the hero's defeats over monsters, which only serve to reinforce what the reader and the other characters of the text already assert about the hero's capabilities.
Posted in BeowulfLiterature
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


'Detention' by Donna Brightwell - read the full script on-line.
A one act play for teenage actors, with a divided stage set. A fire may have been caused by someone, so the Principal wants to discover if it was one of the 'detention set'.
Cast: 5F, 4M. One character should be older than the rest of the cast. Estimated run time: 39 minutes.


HUAWEI Malaysia is holding a month-long Rewrite the Rules photography contest, where they offering prizes such as the new HUAWEI P30 Pro.
HUAWEI launches 2018 NEXT-IMAGE Awards — win $20 000, a HUAWEI P20 Pro and a MateBook X Pro!
HUAWEI hosts their second NEXT-IMAGE Awards to reward the best mobile photographers in the world.


Making Friends with Yourself — Now.Here.
Making Friends With Yourself (MFY) is an empirically-supported, 8-sessions mindful self-compassion course designed to help and support teens in cultivating the skill of self-compassion to cope more effectively with their ongoing challenges.
Teens and young adults face enormous stresses and challenges in their day-to-day-lives. From peer pressure, self-esteem, social-media, negative moods, academic and parental demands, relationships and dating to preparing for your future - All these and more whirl combine to make this period of life difficult to navigate and enjoy.
The goal of this course is to help teens turn toward the emotional ups and downs of this life stage with greater ease, to offer them specific tools for recognizing and managing their struggles, and to help them learn how to meet these struggles with kindness and compassion.
Attending in groups helps create a successful learning experience and practicing mindfulness with friends or colleagues can help to enrich your course experience. Therefore, we offer discounted course rates for groups of 5 or more.
We are committed to offering financial assistance to those who need it. Contact us.
"I wish I had learned that I could be kind to myself a long time ago… it has made my life easier, and I am happier."


Wriggle Mk2! | Yorkshire Pudding Gone Rogue Wriggle Mk2! | Buttons aren't toys!
As I have just put on my crafty page, I have decided to get rid of my rachygetscrafty site and combine it with my munki one. I think having two sites was ambitious to start with but because I'm very lazy it was never going to end well. So now instead of having the sites being stand alone they are one with a bit of slash action!
So I shall be using my normal flyinpinkmunki.co.uk for every day type things, including the goings on in the Troll house, gaming, Slimming world stuff, and all the other stuff that flows freely from my poor little mind.
flyinpinkmunki.co.uk/crafty for all things crafty. My promarkering, Zentagles, Button gubbins, anything that I can make or do that isn't food will be going here.


Redbox Gift Certificate Template redbox gift certificate template printable redbox gift card tag printable card movie night redbox free. redbox gift certificate template free printable redbox gift printables redbox gift card movie template. redbox gift certificate template movie gift certificates image collections free certificates for all ideas.


text:
Content from Emotions in Politics and International Relations (EPIR) working group
About Emotions in Politics and International Relations (EPIR)
The role of emotions is increasingly being recognised and addressed in both the academic study of politics and contemporary discussions of global crises and policies. Our focus reflects such increased levels of interest in and recognition of the importance of emotions as a central component of international studies. The aim of the working group is threefold: a) to provide a constructive and supportive space for the critical exploration of this field; b) to actively develop and expand this relatively young field; c) to strengthen the UK and international network of scholars working on emotions and, where relevant, to initiate dialogues with policy makers and practitioners. We support a pluralistic mandate, encompassing the role of emotions across a range of theoretical perspectives, methodological approaches, and empirical issues and actors. Six central lines of enquiry shape the working group's agenda:
Methodologies of affect and emotions
Theorising affect and emotions
Pedagogies and emotions
Interdisciplinary emotions research
Historical and contemporary political issues (for example: migration, refugees, peacekeeping, political violence, electoral politics, terrorism, nuclear weapons, diplomacy, trauma, memory, climate change, war and conflict)
Connections between gender in IR/Feminism, postcolonialism and emotions research.
Alister Wedderburn
Sara Tafakori
Audrey Reeves
Virginia Tech University
Chaeyoung Yong
epir.group@bisa.ac.uk


text:
City investigations office probes arrest shown in viral video
Video shows MPD officers using physical force during a misdemeanor arrest in a child custody dispute
City investigations office probes arrest shown in viral video Video shows MPD officers using physical force during a misdemeanor arrest in a child custody dispute Check out this story on montgomeryadvertiser.com: http://on.mgmadv.com/1X1rHYq
Josh Moon, Montgomery Advertiser Published 4:52 p.m. CT June 2, 2016 | Updated 8:42 a.m. CT June 3, 2016
Video of arrests by Montgomery Police Department. Posted by Joey NawfSide on Facebook
Montgomery's Office of City Investigations is looking into the procedures used by two Montgomery Police Department officers during an arrest Wednesday of two people for interfering with governmental procedures.
A video of the arrest was posted on social media late Wednesday evening and had been shared thousands of times by early Thursday morning. That video shows officers arresting a male, identified in court records as Frederick Madison, and an unidentified female.
At one point during the arrest, an officer attempts to tackle the female suspect before handcuffing her. Later in the video, a struggle occurs between the same officer and Madison, who is handcuffed and seated in the back of the patrol car with his feet on the pavement outside of the car door.
Several in the crowd of people watching the arrest can be heard shouting that the officer is choking Madison. However, the video is shot at an angle that obscures the altercation.
A Montgomery Department of Public Safety spokesperson said Chief Ernest Finley reviewed the video, along with body cam and dashboard camera footage from the officers' patrol car, after the incident was brought to the department's attention.
Late Thursday afternoon, Finley said he forwarded the video footage to City Investigations because he was "concerned" with some of the actions taken by the officers. While he said the officers had the right to make the arrests, he felt their communication and interaction with the people at the scene should have been better.
"We just have some arrest procedure issues there that, to be quite honest, I'm a little concerned with the communication -- it could have been a bit better and definitely kept things more calm," Finley said. "When you don't have that communication -- when you don't verbalize that someone is under arrest and why and talk through what you're doing when you're making that arrest -- it leaves things open for interpretation and the optics are sometimes way off. This video is a perfect example of that."
The officers involved in the arrest remain on regular duty, according to a department spokesperson, and Finley made it clear he felt both arrests, which stemmed from a child custody dispute, were "good arrests."
"It's simply a matter of communication and our interaction within the community," Finley said. "If you watch that video, because the communication was lacking, the guy at the end is screaming, 'Oh my God, he's choking him, he's choking him.' Because he's verbalizing what he thinks he saw, what he thinks was happening. We have to verbalize in that manner and make it clear what we're doing and why certain things are happening."
Evidence of that could be seen in the comments below the original Facebook post of the video. Many were decidedly anti-police, with some comments openly calling for violence against police as a means to end what they viewed as police brutality against black citizens.
Finley said he took such comments to be more about the emotional state of the person and less about real threats. Although, he noted that many of those threats are investigated by MPD to ensure there's no viable threat.
Even if the comments are mostly people blowing off steam, they do indicate a certain level of disconnect between the police and citizens -- a disconnect Finley said he's working to overcome.
"This is why the communication is so key," he said. "You want the people of the city to know that you're out there to protect them. We're going to do our jobs and make arrests and try to stop crime no matter what, but it's helpful to get the public on your side and working with you. When you have issues, no matter how minor they might be sometimes, it hurts that. I think we've made good progress in that regard, but there's work to do and we're going to keep after it. I know some people are angry, but I think if they'd come out and talk with us, we could figure out a way to come together on some issues and help each other."
Read or Share this story: http://on.mgmadv.com/1X1rHYq
Prattville approves Sunday retail alcohol sales
'Comical' burglars get away with no firearms after breaking into Autaugaville gun shop
Altercations bring changes to popular Prattville park
Donald Watkins gets 5 years for scamming Charles Barkley, others
Prattville police investigate report of road rage involving handgun
ALDI plans giveaways at Montgomery opening


Women's online magazine / Beauty of a woman / Fake perfume, how to avoid them?
About 60 percent of odorous products sold inRussia, have nothing to do with the trademark pictured on the packaging. In Belarus the situation is the same, all kinds of "outlets", markets, kiosks and tents offer famous "brands" at a price of 10-15 dollars.
The bulk of falsification is forgery fromFull copying of the trademark or with conscious errors, imperceptible to the first, unsophisticated look. For example, permuting or replacing letters and, please, Chenal instead of Chanel. And the buyer is "happy", and the rights holder's claims have a chance to fight off.
Usually, such flavors are similar to originals, but they will never be able to repeat the multilayeredness and stamina inherent in real expensive spirits.
Quality composition reveals its secretsGradually, changing in time the shades of smell. It's like a musical tune. First the top note, then the main one, or the heart of the fragrance. And after a while, the final appears.
It will be several hours before the fragrance finally dissolves and disappears. And sometimes the smell stays on clothes even after washing! It is unlikely that such a property can boast of any fake.
To reduce the cost of production in fakesUsually use cheap synthetic ingredients. Many of them were banned by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) in the 90's due to the high allergenicity and phototoxicity.
Some of the falsified products fall onMarkets quite legally. The change of name, referred to above, gives formal legal grounds to sell the product as an independent brand. This is not the worst case, since the manufacturer and supplier exist in real life and theoretically they can be claimed.
Worse, if the product is counterfeit, i.e. Imported into the country or produced without observing the necessary formalities. Such production flourishes in Syria, Egypt, Malaysia. Russia is no exception. Near Moscow, several mobile plants are turning, changing their location from time to time. Their products are "branded perfume" intended for wholesale and retail sales through the capital markets.
Del'tsov does not bother with any responsibility. By revenue, the counterfeit perfume market is comparable to drugs and arms trading. The cost price of a bottle of liquid, issued for the original, is no more than three dollars. When selling at a price of five to six times higher than costs, the profitability of production goes off scale. No such official indicators were created for any officially established and operating enterprise.
The official manufacturer must comply with allFormalities. Buy expensive concentrate, make quality packaging, check the quality of products and certify it and then release it for sale. I'm not talking about fiscal problems. The costs are high, and the product at the outlet can not fit into the 15-20 dollar range, which is asked for the counterfeit.
In conclusion, I will allow myself a few "people's signs" that will help to avoid forgery.
Original perfume is not sold in the markets and in stalls and there is no cheap.
The seams of polyethylene packaging (if any) are neat and narrow, with an overlap of no more than 5 millimeters.
The package should not have a sticker. Only prints directly on cardboard.
Cardboard packaging can only be white, without a greyish hue.
Inscriptions such as "Paris-London-New York" - a sign of a fake.
In the glass of the bottle there should be no bubbles and inclusions.
The inscriptions on the vial are always convex, indelible and error-free. The word parfum in France is written without the letter "e" at the end.
On the glass bottom of the bottle of original products, a license plate is placed. It's on the glass, not on the label.
The fragrance should not contain the smell of alcohol, can not be sharp, will never cause unpleasant sensations neither you nor others.
How not to buy perfume, fake?


text:
package com.youngheart.mockdata.wuliu;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.infrastructure.net.Response;
import com.youngheart.entity.wuliu.TransportInfo;
import com.youngheart.mockdata.MockService;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2016/4/25.
 */
public class MockTransportInfo extends MockService{
    @Override
    public String getJsonData() {
        TransportInfo transportInfo = new TransportInfo();
        transportInfo.setDriver("马东");
        transportInfo.setProducerName("南京卫岗乳业有限公司配送部");
        transportInfo.setSalerName("世界华联省教育连锁店");
        transportInfo.setProductName("浓香型高钙奶");
        transportInfo.setTemperature("4.0摄氏度");
        transportInfo.setTransportBatch("0001-2015-12-20-S001");
        transportInfo.setTransportCar("冷链运输车-苏A8888");
        transportInfo.setTransportTime("2015-12-20");

        Response response = getSuccessResponse();
        response.setResult(JSON.toJSONString(transportInfo));
        return JSON.toJSONString(response);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Pavithra Srinivasan feels Tamil film Venghai is an overdose of rural action. Post YOUR reviews here!
The standard formula for director Hari's film goes something like this: Take a couple of hundred aruvaals or scythes, add liberal doses of a fiery hero who bashes men and speaks in a monotone about home, values, and family ties. Then mix well with four or five of Devisri Prasad's songs which sound the same, throw in a couple of tea-spoons of glamour in the form of a dazzlingly white heroine, bake in the oven of sentimental melodrama, and serve spicy hot -- with a dash of comedy sprinkled on top.
It works sometimes. In Venghai, though, a Vijaya Production (received with victorious yells by the audience), it doesn't. Hari pretty much goes with the same formula, with large doses of action, and all you can think of is how soon will it end. But first, the factors that actually make some parts of the film watchable.
Raj Kiran. As unlikely as it may seem, this middle-aged man who plays Veera Pandi, wealthy landowner and father figure to numerous villagers, manages to be righteous, just, and fair, without sounding like a caricature. With numerous men at his beck and call, he wields a power that's almost unheard of, with everyone willing to lay their lives at his feet in an instant. And yet, his love for his son Selvam (Dhanush) is a wonderful thing. His tension and anger when he sees his bloodied and battered son, and wants instant retribution, is a nice touch. Such human reactions warm your heart.
The plot-point that connects Radhika (Tamannaah), Selvam's love-interest who, at first simply ignores him and later falls for him, was a smart move, considering how under-utilised heroines usually are. Unfortunately, considering the build-up it is given, this dissipates soon enough.
When he is not mouthing his dialogues in a monotone, Dhanush's acting is quite good. When he opens up and lets his emotions show, whether it is love for a woman or affection for his father, he really does make you sit up. His screen-presence is one factor that keeps you in your seat.
the rural wilds of Tamil Nadu that abound in sharp weapons, death, and destruction. Scythes (the preferred weapon of destruction) are raised, blows are given, blood splatters and this sequence is repeated every five minutes. Even worse is the justification for all this mayhem that director Hari puts into the mouths of his leading men: "It's wrong if your raise an aruvaal to kill, but you can use it to defend yourself" – and then back they go hacking everyone in sight without remorse. Every plot twist is predictable. Hari doesn't seem to have been able to concentrate on any one angle and the story goes in every direction without purpose.
By now, Prakashraj must be tired of roles like the one he is called upon to play in Venghai, of the stuttering Rajalingam, a minister whose sole aim in life is to destroy Veera Pandi and Selvam, a la Ghilli. Nothing else seems to matter. He makes several staggeringly idiotic moves and is foiled every time despite the enormous power he wields.
None of Devisri Prasad's numbers ever stay in your mind (despite their previous collaboration, Singham, being a hit). And then there's Tamannaah, who usually appears neatly attired in classy dresses but suddenly takes to wearing skimpy clothes that display her midriff. She looks so dazzlingly white that you want to reach for your sun-glasses.
Ganja Karuppu is supposed to provide some comic relief but his idea of a joke is so lewd and crass it has you squirming in your seat. Equally wasted is Charlie, who makes a welcome return to the big screen, but is given little opportunity to display his talent.
There are fewer punchy dialogues but the ones that do exist make you laugh: "Paruppunna mundhiri, padhavinna mandhiri!" is a hilarious example. No wonder Dhanush sleepwalks through most of his part looking bored.
Vetri's camera-work and V T Vijayan's editing manage to scrape through largely because there is not really much for them to do. Secondary characters like Urvasi, Ponnambalam et al barely make an impact.
Hari does have a knack for conveying sentiment and emotion in his stories, but it is so overlaid with unnecessary bloodshed, repetitive action and predictable plot twists, that after a point you lose interest. Venghai is an overdose of rural action.


text:
Giselle je baletna tragedija u dva čina Adolphea Adama i jedna od najznačajnijih baletnih tragedija. Prototipom je francuske romantičarske škole, koja će iznjedriti europski klasični balet. Libreto su napisali francuski parnasovac Théophile Gautier i dramatičar Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges na temelju pripovijetki Fantomi Victora Hugoa i Njemačka - jedna zimska priča Heinricha Heinea.

Praizveo ju je Kraljevski baletni ansambl Pariške opere 1841. godine.

Baleti

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Named Entity Results, Garrett Davis
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Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and letters of Charles Sumner: volume 4	 33 1 Browse Search
The Daily Dispatch: may 21, 1861., [Electronic resource]	 12 0 Browse Search
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Col. J. Stoddard Johnston, Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History: Volume 9.1, Kentucky (ed. Clement Anselm Evans)	 11 1 Browse Search
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The Daily Dispatch: October 5, 1861., [Electronic resource], From Norfolk. (search)
all the honor due to his merits as a soldier — greatly overrated as they have been. In April, 1850, our city was visited by "the hero of Lundy's Lane," as Scott was called. He did not attract a large crowd. There seemed, indeed, but little curiosity to see the tall, fat, old General. A salute, however, was fired on his arrival, and he was escorted to his rooms by some of the volunteer companies. Major Wm. Lamb, of our city, having been appointed Brigadier-Quartermaster, by President Davis, has commenced arrangements for the discharge of his additional army duties. It is a coincidence worthy of note, that Richard Lamb, of Va., the great-grandfather of Major Lamb, was a Quarter-master in the Continental army, in the American Revolution. During the discharge of his duties in that capacity he generously expended the most of his private fortune in furnishing transportation for the supplies that were so necessary for the safety and efficiency of the patriotic army in the Sou
The Daily Dispatch: October 5, 1861., [Electronic resource], The tools of the Administration is Kentucky. (search)
y and treachery of the conductors of this paper may yet be made known; other facts may yet, and will soon, be published that will bring down on them that vengeance of their present master which they have so ferociously invoked on others. Garrett Davis. Garrett Davis is a little man, of no particular ability, and inordinate vanity. Aspiring even to the Presidency, when others knew that the most exalted position for which he was qualified was that of county attorney, or perchance, memberGarrett Davis is a little man, of no particular ability, and inordinate vanity. Aspiring even to the Presidency, when others knew that the most exalted position for which he was qualified was that of county attorney, or perchance, member of the Kentucky Legislature, his disappointments have soured his temper, and he hates a people who but too correctly appreciate him, and who ridicule his pretensions, even while they are annoyed by them; and, acting as the tool of others as bad and almost as weak he is, he has succeeded in rendering himself at once notorious and infamous by the part he has played in the introduction of Federal guns into the State, which he covered up, to some extent, behind pledges which have been violated and
The Daily Dispatch: October 5, 1861., [Electronic resource], article 5 (search)
Correction. --We are requested by Mr. Herbert V. Graves to say that Mrs. General Johnston, after the accident on Thursday evening, was brought to the city on a car kindly furnished by Mr. Saunders, and that he (Mr. G.) came on with her, leaving Mrs. Davis and the rest of the party awaiting the arrival of a carriage which had been tendered by Mr. Shine. In our first notice of the accident, it was stated that after the President's carriage was upset the ladies were brought back to the city by Mr. Graves in another conveyance.


Pastor Phil continues his study in the book of Matthew, starting with a review of chapters 1-3.
Elder Rob Evans shares a special teaching on true faith while Phil is gone.
Pastor Josh Black share a special message.
Pastor Phil continues his Holiday study The Christmas Journey. PT 3 "Why?"
Pastor Phil starts a new teaching series for christmas titled The Christmas Journey. PT 1 What child is this?


All of us prefer to commit profit something which can give all of us higher results. Frequently all of us wish compared to the cash is wonderful for all of us rather than all of us employed by cash. However this can be a uncommon event. Right now such instances when the actual economic climate appears to be monetarily broken, individuals right now wish to be satisfied with long-term opportunities, that are generally regarded as safe. However just how long are you able to await results? If you're somebody who desires quick results in your opportunities, after that on the internet reveal buying and selling is going to be your very best wager.
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Within the preliminary phases, you might make contact with the reveal agent as well as obtain a few encounter within traditional reveal buying and selling. An individual will be assured concerning the industry, after that it is possible to comprehend nicely the actual particulars as well as overall performance from the on the internet industry. Subsequent that you'll additionally have the ability to appreciate all of the profitable increases from the industry.
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Right now visiting the way the company happens, the internet buy as well as purchase associated with buy decides the actual lot of money from the investor. The actual buy as well as purchase happens every day. It will require a while to obtain familiar with the marketplace however as soon as you'll be able to research the actual actions, after that it is possible to consider your personal choices regarding that gives you want to placed on purchase as well as those to place upon maintain.
The actual press offers a lot more than frequently labeled on the internet reveal buying and selling because 'easy money' however whenever you request any kind of buyer, you will be aware exactly what this particular 'easy money' is about. Producing knowledgeable choices ought to be your own specialty. The actual risk-reward theory functions from each and every period with this industry and when you'll be able to effectively size all of them, then your benefits associated with 'Fortune-God' is definitely along with you.
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✱✱Book Review✱✱ Blog Tour for THE PERFECT GUESTS by Emma Rous
The Perfect Guests by Emma Rous
The USA Today bestselling author of The Au Pair returns with another delicious, twisty novel—about a grand estate with many secrets, an orphan caught in a web of lies, and a young woman playing a sinister game.
1988. Beth Soames is fourteen years old when her aunt takes her to stay at Raven Hall, a rambling manor in the isolated East Anglian fens. The Averells, the family who lives there, are warm and welcoming, and Beth becomes fast friends with their daughter, Nina. At times, Beth even feels like she's truly part of the family...until they ask her to help them with a harmless game—and nothing is ever the same.
2019. Sadie Langton is an actress struggling to make ends meet when she lands a well-paying gig to pretend to be a guest at a weekend party. She is sent a suitcase of clothing, a dossier outlining the role she is to play, and instructions. It's strange, but she needs the money, and when she sees the stunning manor she'll be staying at, she figures she's got nothing to lose.
In person, Raven Hall is even grander than she'd imagined—even with damage from a fire decades before—but the walls seem to have eyes. As day turns to night, Sadie starts to feel that there's something off about the glamorous guests who arrive, and as the party begins, it becomes chillingly apparent their unseen host is playing games with everyone...including her.
Momma Says: 4 stars⭐⭐⭐⭐
If you like tense thrillers set in an old manor house that is practically a character on its own, then this is the book for you. The story is told in dual timelines and is primarily from 2 points of view with a third thrown in to spice up the suspense. Most of the twists are pretty easy to anticipate, especially if you're an avid thriller reader, but they're still well done and they work perfectly with the story. The only drawback for me was the ending. That's not to say it's a bad ending, but the last part of the book just doesn't have the same feel as the rest. It's like that Gothic vibe was missing and it's a bit lighter, I suppose. Nevertheless, the story did hold my interest from start to finish, and I certainly enjoyed Emma Rous' writing style. I'd easily recommend this one, and I look forward to seeing what she does next.
🞿🞿🞿🞿🞿
Emma Rous is the USA Today bestselling author of The Au Pair. She grew up in England, Indonesia, Kuwait, Portugal and Fiji, and from a young age she had two ambitions: to write stories, and to look after animals. She studied veterinary medicine and zoology at the University of Cambridge, and worked as a small animal veterinarian for eighteen years before starting to write fiction. Emma lives near Cambridge in England with her husband and three sons, and she now writes full time.
Labels: Berkley, Blog Tour, NetGalley, Reviews


A delicious hazelnut creme filled confection. 2 pcs in a sachet. ...read more.
A delicious hazelnut creme filled confection, Kinder Bueno was first released in Germany in 1990 - Ingredients: Milk chocolate 31.5% (sugar, cocoa butter, cocoa mass, skimmed milk powder, concentrated butter, emulsifier: soy lecithin, vanillin), sugar, vegetable oil, wheat flour, hazelnuts (10.8%), skimmed milk powder, whole milk powder, chocolate (sugar, cocoa mass, cocoa butter, emulsifier: soy lecithin, vanillin), fat-reduced cocoa, emulsifier (soy lecithin), raising agents (sodium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate) salt, vanillin.


Please visit our Calendar for a list of all of our activities. You can find our athletic schedules on our Athletics page. Also remember you can access all Pima Unified Governing Board agendas, minutes, and meeting information by visiting our Governing Board page.
Please pay all high school sports fees at the district office.
A memorial scholarship fund is established within the high school auxiliary fund in Judy's name. The fund will provide support to students who want to participate in FBLA. Donations will qualify for the Arizona Tax Credit Program.
The district has a crisis response team in place at this time. If you feel your child has a personal concern in regards to the passing of Mrs. Tatum, please don't hesitate to contact Linda Peru at 387.8053.
Zero Hour - 6:35–7:33 a.m.
1st Period - 7:38–8:37 a.m.
2nd Period - 8:42–9:43 a.m.
3rd Period - 9:48–10:47 a.m.
4th Period - 10:52–11:51 a.m.
5th Period - 11:56–12:55 p.m.
6th Period - 1:37–2:36 p.m.
7th Period - 2:41–3:40 p.m.


Costa Express - Buckingham is a vendor forming a part of Costa Express brand. It is open on: Monday 0:00 - 0:00, Tuesday 0:00 - 0:00, Wednesday 0:00 - 0:00, Thursday 0:00 - 0:00, Friday 0:00 - 0:00. At weekends its opening hours are: on Saturday 0:00 - 0:00, on Sunday 0:00 - 0:00. This vending machine's address is: Esso On The Run Buckingham, Buckingham Ring Road, MK18 1EH, Buckingham, Buckinghamshire county. Costa Express - Buckingham is frequented by many people living in neighbouring towns like Addington, Adstock, Akeley, Barton Hartshorn, Botolph Claydon.


Danny Garcia vs Brandon Rios Quick Results – This Saturday night Showtime Boxing was in the Mandalay Bay, Las Vegas, the main event featured former WBC world welterweight champion Danny Garcia returning to face Brandon Rios. For Garcia this is his first fight in 11 months and he is coming off the first loss of his career. Rios is a major underdog, In November of 2015 Rios took a loss to Timothy Bradley Jr and since then he has logged just one fight.
The main event of the evening saw Danny Garcia and Brandon Rios fighting for a future title shot, Garcia had the perfect foe in front of him in Rios, someone who would stand in front of him and engage but Bam Bam wasn't here to be anybody's pushover, sadly his effort was not enough, on round nine Garcia landed a right hook on Rios' temple and sent him down in slow motion to the canvas, Brandon couldn't get up giving the victory to Garcia and sent him right back into the welterweight world title picture.
Danny Garcia vs Brandon Rios Quick Results / Check out more boxing news and features at The Sweet Science.


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A Guide to Waterloo County: A guide to Pleasant Places and Journeys of Historic Interest within the County of Waterloo
A guide to points of historical interest in 4 journeys around Waterloo County.
Canadian German Folklore Volume 2 1967
Canadian German Folklore Volume 2 1967 contains articles about the Pennsylvania Germans, solemnization of marriages, holding church property, schools, teachers and why the Bechtel, Biehn, Betzner and Gingrich families chose the Beasley Tract in 1800.
Canadian German Folklore Volume 2 1967 contains articles about the Pennsylvania Germans, solemnization of marriages, holding church property, schools, teachers and why the Bechtel, Biehn, Betzner and Gingrich families chose ...
Canadian German Folklore Volume 1 1961 contains a variety of articles about the origins, culture, food, industries, printing, and early settlers of the Pennsylvania Germans who settled in Ontario.
Family Research in Ontario's Waterloo County
A handbook for genealogists and local historians researching in Waterloo Region. Includes names and addresses of libraries & archives, organizations, & cemeteries as well as organizations, also other resources such as Tweedsmuir Histories, newspapers, church records, vital records, census, wills, atlases, maps & directories.
A handbook for genealogists and local historians researching in Waterloo Region. Includes names and addresses of libraries & archives, organizations, & cemeteries as well as organizations, also other resources such ...
St Agatha 1867-1967
A Canada's 100th Centennial project. Includes a brief history of the community, churches, schools & businesses with sketches of the buildings. Includes a list of the residents in 1967.
A Few Steps Back in Time (A Heritage Walking Tour of Ayr, Ontario)
The booklet contains a map, photos and description of buildings of a walking tour of Ayr Village.
Notices of Births, Marriages, Deaths 1853-1859 from the Dumfries Reformer
The Dumfries Reformer was established in 1847 as a weekly newspaper. The 1853-1859 birth, marriage and deaths were compiled from the notices and includes a history of the newspaper.
The Dumfries Reformer was establishes in 1847 as a weekly newspaper. The 1866-1870 births, marriages and deaths were compiled from the notices and includes a list of ministers.
Index to Death Registrations Waterloo County 1869 to 1880
An index to the death registrations in Waterloo County from 1869 to 1880 extracted from microfilm (Archives of Ontario)and includes the name, sex, place of event, county number, date, registration number and year.
An index to the death registrations in Waterloo County from 1869 to 1880 extracted from microfilm (Archives of Ontario)and includes the name, sex, place of event, county number, date, registration ...
Family Research in Waterloo and Wellington Counties
A guide for anyone conducting family history research in Waterloo and Wellington Counties; includes listings and locations of information from libraries & archives, organizations, census, wills, places and local histories, maps, land records, newspapers, churches and cemeteries. Includes a list of abbreviations.
A guide for anyone conducting family history research in Waterloo and Wellington Counties; includes listings and locations of information from libraries & archives, organizations, census, wills, places and local histories, ...
Kitchener Centennial 1854-1954
A booklet highlighting the first one hundred years after incorporation of the village of Kitchener in 1854, highlighting the growth of industry, services and the arts to 1954.
To Commemorate 100 Years of Education at the Ayr School 1890-1990
Book compiled to commemorate 100 Years of education at the Ayr School 1890-1990. From 1911 to 1949 it was possible to attend both elementary and secondary school in Ayr. Includes student's memories and class photographs.
Book compiled to commemorate 100 Years of education at the Ayr School 1890-1990. From 1911 to 1949 it was possible to attend both elementary and secondary school in Ayr. Includes ...
Mennonite Immigration to Waterloo County: The Moyer Journal
Transcribed from a ledger written in 1887 by Samuel S Moyer tracing the Schneider family from the immigrant ancestor that arrived in Pennsylvania and the part of the family that travelled into Waterloo area.
Transcribed from a ledger written in 1887 by Samuel S Moyer tracing the Schneider family from the immigrant ancestor that arrived in Pennsylvania and the part of the family that ...
More Than a Century in Wilmot Township
A history of Wilmot Township, Waterloo County, Ontario to 1967 includes a list of Reeves, the schools, business and people who settled in the communities in the township.
The Early History of Jakobstettel
The Early History of Jakobstettel is an account of the people and the land in and around St Jacobs Ontario to the beginning of the 20th century. Includes photos, maps, newspaper items.
The Early History of Jakobstettel is an account of the people and the land in and around St Jacobs Ontario to the beginning of the 20th century. Includes photos, maps, ...
Funeral Notice Cards of Waterloo County From 1851-1890 Volume 1
Volume 1 of a transcription of funeral cards from Waterloo and area, compiled from cards loaned by the Waterloo Historical Society, Cambridge Archives, Kitchener Public Library and private individuals. Cards are from 1851-1890. Includes an alphabetical index.
Volume 1 of a transcription of funeral cards from Waterloo and area, compiled from cards loaned by the Waterloo Historical Society, Cambridge Archives, Kitchener Public Library and private individuals. Cards ...
A Biographical History of Early Settlers and Their Descendants in Waterloo Township
Ezra E. Eby compiled a biographical history of the early settlers of Waterloo Township and their descendants in 1895-1896. In 1931 Joseph B> Snyder published a supplement. Volume contains an index of names, an ordinal index of geography related to the numbered items, notes about some of the families and ...
Ezra E. Eby compiled a biographical history of the early settlers of Waterloo Township and their descendants in 1895-1896. In 1931 Joseph B> Snyder published a supplement. Volume contains an ...
Early Settlers of Waterloo County: A Genealogy
A family history of the Snyder family in North America from 1739 and the descendants of John Jacob Schneider of Waterloo County, Ontario. The genealogy was probably written in 1887-1891 by Samuel S. Moyer (1849-1941).
A family history of the Snyder family in North America from 1739 and the descendants of John Jacob Schneider of Waterloo County, Ontario. The genealogy was probably written in 1887-1891 ...
Waterloo County Marriages, Births and Burials 1840-1849 As Recorded in Wellington District by Clerk of the Peace Thomas Saunders
Marriages, Births and Burials in Waterloo County from 1840 to 1849 as recorded by the Clerk of the Peace Thomas Saunders located in Guelph in Wellington District. Compiled from hand written volumes now located in the Wellington County Archives and Archives of Ontario.
Marriages, Births and Burials in Waterloo County from 1840 to 1849 as recorded by the Clerk of the Peace Thomas Saunders located in Guelph in Wellington District. Compiled from hand ...
The Ontario Genealogical Society (36)
Oxford County Branch Library Collection (35)
Genealogical Resource (36)
Waterloo County (Waterloo, Ont.) (36)
Waterloo Historical Society (4)
Births, marriages and deaths from newspapers (3)
Galt (Ont.) (3)
Waterloo Township (3)
Ayr (Ont.) (2)
Berlin (Ont.) (2)
Canadian German Folklore (2)
Dumfries Reformer, Galt Ontario (2)
Dumfries Township (2)
Hespler (Ont.)--History (2)
John Galt (2)
Kitchener (Ont.) (2)
New Hamburg (2)
Presbyterian Church (2)
St. Agatha Waterloo County Ontario (2)
Wellington County (2)
Absalom Shade (1)
Adam Sherk (1)
Ancaster Circuit (1)
Baden (Ont.)--History (1)
Baden Waterloo County Ontario (1)
Baker Family in Vaughan Township (1)
Baptist churches (1)
Benjamin Eby (1)
Berlin Telegraph (1)
Beverly Township Wellington County (1)
Brant County Ontario (1)
Breslau (Ont.) (1)
Breslau Mennonite Cemetery (1)
Cambridge Waterloo Region Ontario (1)
Census - Canada (1)
Church history--Canada (1)
Clerk of Peace Thomas Saunders (1)
County of Halton Gore District (1)
County of Waterloo Wellington District (1)
Culp Family in Clinton Township (1)
Death Registrations (1)
Death announcements (1)
Doon (1)
Doon and Hespler Presbyterian Churches (1)


Enjoy the health and nutritional benefits of ghee with this Homemade Instant Pot Ghee recipe, perfect every time.
It seems that the world has discovered ghee, something that Indians have used for thousands of years for everyday cooking, medicinal purposes, and religious ceremonies. I never imagined there would be a day when ghee would become a staple in western kitchens, and I think that's terrific!
I'm going to show you how to make homemade Instant Pot Ghee, so you never have to buy it in the store again. It can get quite expensive buying good quality ghee!
You may be asking "what is ghee?" Ghee is essentially clarified butter. This means that butter is heated, melted and removed of all milk solids and impurities.
Unlike regular clarified butter, ghee is cooked for a bit longer, to the point that the milk solids have a caramelized color. What's remaining has an intense flavor, aroma, and color.
Ghee has a high smoke point, much higher than butter, and that means it can be heated to high temperatures. It also tastes great unheated, used in place of butter.
Ghee doesn't spoil at room temperature like butter can. And it has many health benefits: it's lactose-free, is rich in vitamins, is good for digestion and has antioxidant properties.
I used to use a slow cooker ghee recipe to make ghee in my Crock Pot and it came out great. But using the Instant Pot to make ghee takes less time and I get more consistent results.
My Instant Pot Ghee recipe is simple and easy, but not "instant"! You'll need a couple of hours, of which hands-on time is about 10 minutes.
And no, it's not a typo – you set the Instant Pot on slow cook with the lid off so condensation doesn't drip back into the butter. It's fine to keep the lid on during the slow cook stage, but you'll have some splatter in the second stage of cooking ('Saute').
I recommend that you get a splatter screen to protect your countertop and floor in case the melted butter bubbles up. This can happen during the slow cook phase and the saute phase.
You'll also need a fine mesh strainer to strain the ghee from the milk solids.
You'll also need a large mason jar or a few smaller jars.
I use butter made from grass-fed cows. I like to use Kerry Gold or Trader Joe's butter for making ghee.
Although they are more expensive, since it's good quality grass-fed ghee, I justify the cost! I also find that there's less foaming with the grass-fed butters.
The color of Kerrygold butter gives the ghee a wonderful golden color, as you see in my photographs. The choice of butter is entirely up to you; use what you like.
If you're new to the Instant Pot and aren't familiar with how to use it, please read the Instant Pot DUO Beginner's Quick Start Guide or the Instant Pot ULTRA Beginner's Quick Start Guide first and then come back here to learn how to make this Instant Pot Ghee.
Place sticks of butter in Instant Pot.
The timer will count down to 0:00. After 2 hours, the timer will beep. Press 'Cancel'.
* If you wish to cover the Instant Pot during this stage, then during the next stage of cooking (saute mode), you may have some bubbling and splatter due to condensation, so be sure to cover the Instant Pot with a splatter screen till the bubbling slows down.
** It's possible that your butter may bubble up initially, while it's melting. A splatter screen is really handy to make sure you don't have butter splatter on your countertop.
The milk solids will have settled to the bottom and will still be pale yellow in color.
Press 'Saute' and press 'Adjust' to set temperature to 'Normal'.
Cover the pot with a splatter screen, because there may be some bubbling and splatter.
Saute for 9 to 10 minutes, stirring often till the milk solids turn to a golden color.
Be careful to keep your face away from the Instant Pot in case the ghee bubbles up.
Turn off Instant Pot and let the ghee cool down. The milk solids will darken to a caramel color in the residual heat.
If the milk solids start to darken too much, remove the inner pot from the Instant Pot.
If the milk solids are too light, the ghee will spoil quicker.
Make sure the milk solids are a golden yellow color.
When they cool down in the residual heat of the Instant Pot they will become a caramel color.
Allow ghee to cool completely.
Strain the ghee through a fine mesh strainer into mason jars.
Store in a cabinet away from sunlight. Ghee will last for months at room temperature because all the milk solids have been removed. Storing in the refrigerator will make it last even longer.
Use Instant Pot ghee in place of butter or oil in your everyday cooking, as in this Instant Pot Chicken Curry or try spreading it on a slice of toast or a baked treat. Mmmm-good!
Enjoy the health and nutritional benefits of homemade ghee with this Homemade Instant Pot Ghee recipe, perfect every time.
Cook in 'Slow Cook' mode for 2 hours at 'Normal' temperature. Use a splatter screen if necessary.
The milk solids will have settled to the bottom and will still be pale yellow in color. Turn off Instant Pot.
Turn off Instant Pot and let the ghee cool down. The milk solids will darken to a caramel color in the residual heat. If necessary, remove the inner pot from the Instant Pot and place on a heatproof surface.
Strain the ghee through a fine mesh strainer into mason jars or glass bottles that can be closed tightly.
* If the butter starts bubbling up during the melting phase while in 'slow cook' mode or during the 'saute' mode, use a splatter screen to keep your countertops from becoming messy.
See the blog post for more detailed recipe tips, and see the step-by-step instructions and photographs for details on what color the milk solids should be.
I grew up with ghee and make it on the stove. I never thought of making it in an Instant Pot. Thanks for the clear instructions. Never going back to the stove version!
You're so welcome. I love that you don't have to watch it every minute except for the last 10 minutes.
Instead of slow cooking for 2 hours and then saute for 10 minutes, is it possible to slow cook for 2.5 or 3 hours?
Hi there, I'm sure you can do it entirely on slow cook mode, but I'm not sure that time will be enough. You might try it out and just keep an eye on it for the solids to become caramel colored. If you find that it's taking too long, just short-cut and turn on saute mode. You might also try it on 'More' rather than 'Normal' slow cooker temperature setting. Do let us know how it goes if you try it out. I'm sure others, including me, would love to know!
Does it matter if the butter is salted or not?
Teresa, You should be fine. Usually the salt gets strained out with the solids. Make sure you use a fine mesh strainer.
Can you use the milk solids for anything?
Do you have to use Kerry Gold butter or can you use any butter in the food store. Not margarine right?
Donna – thanks for your question. You can use any butter, I do that sometimes. Find one that expires the latest. Land O Lakes works fine as do the Sam's club and Costco brands.
Hi! Can you tell me how much ghee this recipe makes?
Hi Cindy – it makes about 2 cups of ghee.
Cindy – you could use salted butter. A lot of the salt is left over in the milk solids but the ghee will have a light salt taste. Or you can add salt after straining and before it solidifies.
Hi Cindy – as long as they're not burnt or too brown, you can add them to curries, rice, mashed potatoes, pasta, risotto, veggies. We make Indian sweets with the milk solids too!
Sue – I use the middle setting (normal). Thanks for your question.
I followed all directions and my butter color is brown not golden. It taste good, like brown butter and not burnt. I think it went past the Ghee stage. I was wanting all the milk fat solids out of my butter, but brown butter has all the milk fat solids, correct?
I hate to waste this butter, but I donl't want all the fat.
Marie, did you use Kerrygold butter? I get that golden color with that brand. When I buy regular butter, it still works but the color isn't the same – more light brown. If it's not burned, and you actually had milk solids left over, I think you should be fine to use it.
I have used this over and over with success. I like to do a pot roast with the solids in the same pot!
at the sauté point because they get brown quickly.
I like to put coconut oil with mine at the end 1:1.
Thank you Jill, for sharing! I've never heard of mixing coconut oil and ghee before.
This recipe is AWESOME and so EASY!! My child was recently diagnosed with Chrons and I am lactose intolerant. Only since his diagnosis have I found ghee, but it's just so expensive! So this recipe is a game changer for us! I can purchase the grass-fed butter and make this recipe at home for about half the cost of buying ghee in the store. The first batch I made ended up brown butter, but I'll use that for some holiday baking. My subsequent batches have easily produce gorgeous, wonderful the!! Thank you so very much!!
Hi Penny – yes, it's a fine line between brown butter and ghee. I think the first time most people think it's not the right color, and keep cooking not realizing that it will darken. Thank you for your lovely comment, and good wishes to your child in their fight against Chrons.
Hi there! I was wondering how long the shelf life usually is for this? Thanks!
I usually finish what I make within a couple of months and it's fine. You can tell if it goes bad, because it'll smell rancid.
Can you freeze ghee? I live alone and I think I would have a hard time using 2 cups of ghee on my own. Thanks!
Yes, Robyn, you should be able to freeze it. If there's any sediment, it would probably settle to the bottom and you might need to filter it. If the ghee separates, just stir it up.
Used this recipe/method in my IP to make my first batch of ghee yesterday. Turned out great! I used Kerry Gold unsalted butter. I'm on the Whole30 diet right now, and ghee is a recommended fat to consume. Can't wait to cook with it. Thanks for posting this method of making ghee, certainly will save money and be fresher!
Me too! I just created a video for the recipe and in the process got myself a batch of ghee 🙂 This time I used salted butter. Both work great. But Kerrygold all the way!
Gina, yes you should be able to double the recipe just fine.