"Thanks to the grassroots support for @realDonaldTrump and our party's ground game, we were able to #DefyHistory and make gains in the Senate!" Republican National Committee Chairwoman Ronna McDaniel tweeted, citing Senate wins in Indiana, Missouri, North Dakota and Tennessee, among others.
Indeed, just once in the past three decades had a sitting president added Senate seats in his first midterm election. But lost in McDaniel's assessment was the difficult 2018 Senate landscape for Democrats, who were defending 10 seats in states Trump carried just two years ago.
Democratic National Committee Chairman Tom Perez said in an interview: "I believe in facts. And the fact of the matter is, the Democratic Party had a historic night at the ballot box — and we are not resting,"
He said, "Our goal was to compete everywhere, to expand and reshape the electorate everywhere — and that's exactly what we've done."


We are nearing the end of June and preparations for Summer Missions Training are wrapping up! We are excited about the coming summer, excited to meet the missionaries who will be working with us this year, excited to see how God will work in the lives of children all across Ontario!
On Tuesday you received a special mid-week newsletter highlighting an urgent need for more summer missionaries. Indeed, the numbers are small this summer, and we can't help but wonder how many children we will be able to reach with so few missionaries.
Please pray with us that the Lord of the harvest will send out workers into the neighbourhoods of Ontario this summer. Share this need with your churches and prayer groups. As we pray together we will see God do what we could not imagine. You will share in the victory, and the glory will be God's alone!


text:
Information on all ongoing investigations, dating back to June 2010.
Active Investigations
Final Results On The TSB's completed investigations back to 1994
Full Reports On Studies & Investigations Related To Significant Risks In Aviation.
A Complete Review Of Aviation Accidents Sorted By Activity & Aircraft Type
What Constitutes A Reportable Occurrence & Reporting Forms.
Report an Occurrence
Collisions with Land and Water
Fatalities continue to occur when planes collide with land and water while under crew control.
Collisions with land and water occur when an airworthy aircraft under the control of the pilot is inadvertently flown into the ground, water, or an obstacle. In these cases, pilots are unaware of the danger until it is too late. This type of accident often happens when visibility is low, at night, or during poor weather. Such conditions reduce a pilot's situational awareness of surroundings and make it difficult to tell whether the aircraft is too close to the ground. The risk is even greater for small aircraft, which venture further into remote wilderness or into mountainous terrain, but are not required to have the same ground proximity warning equipment as large airliners.
The Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) has investigated numerous collisions with land and water, and has identified deficiencies, made findings, and issued a recommendation on installing ground proximity warning systems in smaller aircraft. The Board has also recommended procedural changes during non-precision approaches, which would further reduce approach and landing accidents.
Collisions with land and water account for 5 % of accidents, but nearly 25 % of all fatalities. Between 2000 and 2009, there were 129 accidents of this type in Canada, resulting in 128 fatalities. Since the TSB first placed this issue on its Watchlist, the number of accidents of this type every year has not gone down.
In 2010, there were 13; in 2011, there were 14.
Transport Canada is now introducing regulatory amendments that will require terrain awareness warning systems for commercial aeroplanes with six or more passenger seats, and in turbine-powered private aeroplanes. However, until these regulations are in force, and this equipment is installed, the residual risk to Canadians will remain, and the Board believes that this issue should continue to receive attention.
Improved non-precision approach procedures, along with a wider use of technology, are required to reduce the number of this type of accident.
Smart Pilot Remarks
Even the most experienced sport and recreational pilots are sometimes focused so intently on the aircraft's lateral navigation that occasionally the aircraft's vertical navigation is sometimes literally but in the back seat. We can sometimes become complacent during a visual approach to a familiar airport and towards a familiar runway. We have all heard that complacency kills but in aviation, this possesses a literal meaning. Remember that complacency, does not equal, lazy, it does not equal careless or even unskilled. Complacency is a HUMAN condition which we must continually guard against.
During a night approach, a visual approach being flown in legal but reduced visibility or an approach at an unfamiliar aerodrome, always ask yourself "is this a safe vertical position for my current lateral location.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Judaism has Thirteen Principles of Faith, the 12th of which speaks about the Messiah (Moshiach).
1. I believe with complete faith that the Creator, Blessed is His Name, creates and guides all creatures, and that He alone made, makes, and will make everything.
2. I believe with complete faith that the Creator, Blessed is His Name,is unique, and there is no uniqueness like His in any way, and that He alone is our G-d, Who was, Who is, and Who always will be.
3. I believe with complete faith that the Creator, Blessed is His Name,is not physical and is not affected by physical phenomena, and that there is no comparison whatsoever to Him.
4. I believe with complete faith that the Creator, Blessed is His Name, is the very first and the very last.
5. I believe with complete faith that the Creator, Blessed is His Name - to Him alone is it proper to pray and it is not proper to pray to any other.
7. I believe with complete faith that the Creator, Blessed is His Name,I believe with complete faith that the prophecy of Moses our teacher, peace upon him, was true, and that he was the father of the prophets - both those who preceded him and those who followed him.
11. I believe with complete faith that the Creator, Blessed is His Name,rewards with good those who observe His comandments, and punishes those who violate His commandments.
12. I believe with complete faith in the coming of the Messiah, and even though he may delay, nevertheless I anticipate every day that he will come.
13. I believe with complete faith that there will be a resuscitation of the dead whenever the wish emanates from the Creator, Blessed is His Name and exalted is His mention, forever and for all eternity.
Our sages tell us that the times of Moshiach will be two special individuals, Moshiach ben Yosef and Moshiach ben Dovid, to cover the span of years of the era of Moshiach. We are also taught that Eliyahu HaNavi, Elijah the Prophet, will come to announce the arrival of the Moshiach.
The Jewish calendar is set for 6000 years, at which time the second Moshiach, Moshiach ben Dovid, will arrive and we will have Olam Haba (the world to come). According to our heritage, the era of Moshiach will conclude at the year 6000. We are currently in the year 5769, which means that there are 231 years for the era of the first Moshiach, Moshiach ben Yosef.
It is important to understand that in Judaism, the description of eternity includes the righteous of every religion. That is, it is the righteous people of the world who will receive recognition. For Jewish people, our path is the 613 commandments of the Torah, which is a path of Torah which sets forth the will of Hashem. Out of love and gratitude for all He gives us, Judaism is about following His Will. Non-Jewish people's path according to Torah is observance of the 7 Noahide Laws: Seven Noahide Laws on Aish.com There have been great leaders of our people who have spoken about Moshiach and his imminent arrival, even before World War II when our people were very hopeful for redemption. The Chofetz Chaim was one of those leaders.
For more on Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu, check this blogspot - referenced here without knowledge of its reliability: Rabbi Eliyahu interview as related on Dreaming of Moshiach Please keep in mind that blogspots and YouTube videos themselves are not necessarily reliable representations of what our Rabbis have said or predicted and need endorsements of their subject matter or claims before being believed as true representations of what was said by the Rabbis. I mention this because in viewing some of the links, I came across more videos and materials that I have not researched. What this means is that the links on this website to the articles referenced have been researched, but the links from there are not known to me nor have they been researched by me as accurate representations of Judaism.


text:
Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
Version of section 3 from 2002-12-31 to 2018-06-20:
3 (1) Every power or duty imposed under this Act that may be exercised or performed in respect of an offence under this Act may be exercised or performed in respect of a conspiracy, or an attempt to commit, being an accessory after the fact in relation to, or any counselling in relation to, an offence under this Act.
(2) For the purposes of sections 16 and 20, a reference to a person who is or was convicted of a designated substance offence includes a reference to an offender who is discharged under section 730 of the Criminal Code .


text:
Man Leads Police On Chase Over Big Mac
by: Darcie Loreno
Posted: Oct 9, 2013 / 08:22 AM EDT / Updated: Oct 9, 2013 / 01:24 PM EDT
Randall Miller (Photo Credit: Brunswick Police Department)
BRUNSWICK, Ohio — A Hinckley man faces several charges after leading police on a chase over a Big Mac.
Randall W. Miller, 31, faces charges including failure to comply, operating a vehicle while intoxicated, driving under suspension and no operator's license in the case.
According to Brunswick police, a pedestrian reported that an SUV was speeding and nearly hit him at an intersection at around 1 a.m. Sept. 28.
Police found the SUV exiting a McDonald's drive-thru near Center Road, swerving outside his lane. They attempted to stop Miller, but he continued driving, eventually stopping a short while later at Grafton Road.
Police said there was a strong odor of alcohol coming from the vehicle, and Miller's speech appeared to be slurred.
According to police, Miller said he was sorry — that he was too drunk and wanted to eat his Big Mac before he stopped. He continued to eat the sandwich during the stop until he was asked to complete field sobriety tests.
Police said Miller admitted to drinking 10 to 15 beers and "it wasn't worth the trouble."
According to breathalyzer test results, Miller had a blood alcohol content level of .255, which is more than three times the legal limit.
Officers said they also found an open beer and several beer cans in his vehicle.
Miller was cited and released to his wife. Police said he has had two previous OVI convictions in the past six years.


text:
Q: issue with getting shipping details in Google checkout (Magento) I ve been trying integrating Google checkout with my Magento website.
I have configured Google merchant id and api key in the Magento backend, i could able to see a
Google checkout in my shopping cart.
But after the redirection, i could only see the product order details.
My shipping rates are not showing up in Google checkout screen.
I am using both Flat rate and a custom "Shipping rate" calculated based on category of the product. (I wrote a custom shipping module for this)
Below screen shows the configuration i made in Mage backend and shipping methods in shopping cart

and

What am i doing wrong? or do i have to write any customization to get the shipping details to GC?
Note : Google Checkout Shipping Carrier calulated and Flat rate is disabled in Magento Backend.
thanks,
Balan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Adding a separation line to a Tikz graphic I have a graphics/tree which looks like the following:

I created this figure using the following code:
\begin{tikzpicture}[sibling distance=10em,
    every node/.style = {shape=circle, draw, align=center}]]
    \node [fill=black] {}
        child { node (ja1) [fill=black] {}
            child { [sibling distance=10em] node (ja2) [fill=black] {}
                child { [sibling distance=5em] node [fill=black] {}
                    child { node (ja4l) [fill=black] {} edge from parent node [left, draw=none] {Ja} }
                    child { node (nein4l) [fill=black] {} edge from parent node [right, draw=none] {Nein} }
                    edge from parent node [left, draw=none] {Ja}} % Dritte Ebene
                child { [sibling distance=5em] node [fill=black] {}
                    child { node (ja4r) [fill=black] {}edge from parent node [left, draw=none] {Ja} }
                    child { node (nein4r) [fill=black] {} edge from parent node [right, draw=none] {Nein} }
                edge from parent node [right, draw=none] {Nein} } % Dritte Ebene
            edge from parent node [left, draw=none] {Ja} } % Zweite Ebene
            child { node (nein2) [fill=black] {} edge from parent node [right, draw=none] {Nein} }
        edge from parent node [left, draw=none] {Ja} } % Erste Ebene
        child { node (nein1) [fill=black] {} edge from parent node [right, draw=none] {Nein}}; % Erste Ebene

    \node (nop) [draw=none, below = of nein1, shape=rectangle, xshift=5em] {Keine Provenance};
    \node (pla) [draw=none, below = of nein2, shape = rectangle, xshift=5em] {Plausibilität};
    \node (nvz) [draw=none, below = of nein4r, shape = rectangle, xshift=2.5em] {Nachvollziehbarkeit};
    \node (rek) [draw=none, below = of ja4r, shape=rectangle, yshift=-2.5em] {Rekonstruierbarkeit};
    \node (snv) [draw=none, below = of nein4l, shape=rectangle, yshift=-p5em] {Starke Nachvollziehbarkeit};
    \node (srk) [draw=none, below = of ja4l, shape=rectangle, xshift=-2.5em] {Starke Rekonstruierbarkeit \\ Fehlernachvollziehbarkeit};

    \draw (nein1) -- (nop);
    \draw (nein2) -- (pla);
    \draw (nein4r) -- (nvz);
    \draw (ja4r) -- (rek);
    \draw (nein4l) -- (snv);
    \draw (ja4l) -- (srk);
\end{tikzpicture}

My problem is that I want to add a textual condition to this decision tree. Because the condition occures several times (e.g. in four leaves on the left side of the tree) I do not want to add the text of the conditions to the nodes but on the left side of my graphics. Something like this:

How am I able to archieve this?

A: Here is a suggestion using only TikZ:

\documentclass[margin=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    punkt/.style={shape=circle, fill=black},
    nurtext/.style={shape=rectangle, draw=none, fill=none, align=center}
    ]
    \node (root) [punkt] {}
        [every child node/.append style = {punkt},
        sibling distance=10em,
        edge from parent/.append style = {nodes={inner xsep=.75em}},
        level 4/.style={
          sibling distance=5em,
          edge from parent/.append style = {nodes={inner xsep=.5em}}}
        ]
        child { node {}
            child { node {}
                child {  node {}
                    child { node {}
                        child { node [nurtext] { Starke Rekonstruierbarkeit \\ Fehlernachvollziehbarkeit } }
                        child [missing]
                        edge from parent node [left] {Ja} }
                    child { node {}
                        child [level distance=2.5cm] { node [nurtext] { Starke Nachvollziehbarkeit } }
                        edge from parent node [right] {Nein} }
                    edge from parent node [left] {Ja}} % Dritte Ebene
                child {  node {}
                    child { node {}
                        child [level distance=2cm] { node [nurtext] { Rekonstruierbarkeit } }
                        edge from parent node [left] {Ja} }
                    child { node {}
                        child [missing]
                        child { node [nurtext] { Nachvollziehbarkeit } }
                        edge from parent node [right] {Nein} }
                edge from parent node [right] {Nein} } % Dritte Ebene
            edge from parent node [left] {Ja} } % Zweite Ebene
            child { node {}
                child [missing]
                child { node [nurtext] {Plausibiltiät} }
                edge from parent node [right] {Nein} }
        edge from parent node [left] {Ja} } % Erste Ebene
        child { node {}
            child [missing]
            child { node [nurtext] {Keine Provenance} }
            edge from parent node [right] {Nein} }; % Erste Ebene
    \draw
        (root-1-1-1-1-1.west) coordinate (links)
        (links|-root)--(root)--+(1,0)
        (links|-root-1)--(root-1)--(root-2)--+(1,0)
        (links|-root-1-1)--(root-1-2)--+(1,0)
        (links|-root-1-1-1)--(root-1-1-1)--(root-1-1-2)--+(1,0)
        (links|-root-1-1-1-1)--(root-1-1-1-1)--(root-1-1-1-2)--(root-1-1-2-1)--(root-1-1-2-2)--+(1,0)
    ;
    \path [ nodes={right} ]
        (links|-root)
        --node{Bedingung 1}
        (links|-root-1)
        --node{Bedingung 2}
        (links|-root-1-1)
        --node{Bedingung 3}
        (links|-root-1-1-1)
        --node{Bedingung 4}
        (links|-root-1-1-1-1)
    ;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

A: This uses an experimental package based on forest called justtrees (version 0.05). If you are interested, let me know.
EDITED to add in the separation lines and improve spacing and alignment.
Basically, it lets you specify the tree and the annotations in something like the following way.
  [, left just=, right just=, name=n1
    [, left just=Condition 1, right just=, name=n2
      [, left just=Condition 2, right just=, name=n3
        [, left just=Condition 3, right just=, name=n4
          [, left just=Condition 4, right just=, name=n5
            [Starke Rekonstruierbarkeit\\Fehlernachvollziehbarkeit]
          ]
          [
            [[[Starke Nachvollziehbarkeit]]]
          ]
        ]
        [
          [
            [[Rekonstruierbarkeit]]
          ]
          [
            [,phantom]
            [Nachvollziehbarkeit]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      [
        [,phantom]
        [Plausibilität]
      ]
    ]
    [
      [,phantom]
      [Keine Provenance]
    ]
  ]

Empty left just and right just are added where we want empty nodes created for the purpose of drawing the separation lines. If we actually want an annotation at this level, we say left just=<annotation>. phantom nodes are just to help with the placement of sibling nodes, where we don't want an only child directly below its parent.
The appearance of the tree is customised in the following way. For repeated use, this could obviously be wrapped in a style for convenience.
Adjust alignment of annotations:
      just format={yshift=.75\baselineskip},

configure the style of the nodes etc. conditionally, according to level etc.:
      for tree={
        align=center,
        if level=1{
          before typesetting nodes={circle, draw, fill, inner sep=2.5pt}
        }{},
        if n children=0{
          yshift=5pt,
        }{
          parent anchor=center,
          child anchor=center,
          if n children=2{
            for children={
              if n children=0{}{
                before typesetting nodes={circle, draw, fill, inner sep=2.5pt},
                if n=1{% create the 'Ja' and 'Nein' labels
                  edge label={node [midway, left, xshift=-5pt] {Ja}}
                }{
                  if n'=1{
                    edge label={node [midway, right, xshift=5pt] {Nein}}
                  }{}
                },
              }
            }
          }{},
        }{}
      },

Draw in the separation lines:
      end draw/.code={
        \foreach \i in {1,...,5}{
          \draw (left just 2.south west |- n\i) coordinate (this \i) -- (right just \i.south west |- this \i);
        }
      \end{tikzpicture}
    }

The result looks something like this:

Complete code:
\documentclass[tikz,border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{justtrees}% version 0.05
\begin{document}
\begin{justtree}
    {
      just format={yshift=.75\baselineskip},
      for tree={
        align=center,
        if level=1{
          before typesetting nodes={circle, draw, fill, inner sep=2.5pt}
        }{},
        if n children=0{
          yshift=5pt,
        }{
          parent anchor=center,
          child anchor=center,
          if n children=2{
            for children={
              if n children=0{}{
                before typesetting nodes={circle, draw, fill, inner sep=2.5pt},
                if n=1{
                  edge label={node [midway, left, xshift=-5pt] {Ja}}
                }{
                  if n'=1{
                    edge label={node [midway, right, xshift=5pt] {Nein}}
                  }{}
                },
              }
            }
          }{},
        }{}
      },
      end draw/.code={
        \foreach \i in {1,...,5}{
          \draw (left just 2.south west |- n\i) coordinate (this \i) -- (right just \i.south west |- this \i);
        }
      \end{tikzpicture}
    }
  }
  [, left just=, right just=, name=root, name=n1
    [, left just=Condition 1, right just=, name=n2
      [, left just=Condition 2, right just=, name=n3
        [, left just=Condition 3, right just=, name=n4
          [, left just=Condition 4, right just=, name=n5
            [Starke Rekonstruierbarkeit\\Fehlernachvollziehbarkeit]
          ]
          [
            [[[Starke Nachvollziehbarkeit]]]
          ]
        ]
        [
          [
            [[Rekonstruierbarkeit]]
          ]
          [
            [,phantom]
            [Nachvollziehbarkeit]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      [
        [,phantom]
        [Plausibilität]
      ]
    ]
    [
      [,phantom]
      [Keine Provenance]
    ]
  ]
\end{justtree}
\end{document}


text:
Journal of Fisheries Research
Reach Us +44-20-3608-4181
Review Article - Journal of Fisheries Research (2018) Volume 2, Issue 2
Apprehensions and issues related to pacu Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818) farming in India
Atul K Singh*
Emeritus Scientist at ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow-226002 (Uttar Pradesh), India.
Atul K Singh
Emeritus Scientist at ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources
Lucknow-226002 Former Director ICAR-DCFR Uttar Pradesh India
Accepted date: June 7, 2018
Citation: Singh AK. Apprehensions and issues related to pacu Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818) farming in India J Fish Res 2018;2(2):19-23.
DOI: 10.35841/fisheries-research.2.2.1-5
Visit for more related articles at Journal of Fisheries Research
In India, recently introduced pacu fish farming is picking up fast without envisaging scientific track to promote or regulate it. The unofficially introduced pacu in India is projected to be Piaractus brachypomus relying on the identifying characteristics. However, the species available in aquaculture and that in aquarium trade is yet to be scientifically validated. The identification of juvenile fish available at hatcheries, farms and aquarium shops based on morphological features may not be correct particularly when possibility of existing different species of pacu and their interspecific hybrids may exist. Monitoring, risk assessment and identification of the individual species should be scientifically conducted. In India, the farm-raised pacu grows well but its production differs from farm to farm. The fish can utilize diets high in carbohydrates and plant proteins, tolerates poor water quality conditions, varied environments and culture conditions. Breeding of the fish is now well established for its farm raising and propagation yet ornamental value of the fish has also further fascinated aquarium shopkeepers and hobbyists to keep and propagate it in different states of the country. Farm raising, hatchery production and aquarium trading of pacu facilitated inadvertant releases of introduced pacu which has gravitated into several natural water bodies. It is proposed that the available pacu farms and hatcheries need to be urgently registered in view of proper management and scientific regulations on pacu farming. Based on the synthesized and field oriented information presented in this study, there are several apprehensions of adverse ecological concerns and consequences. The issues and concerns of rapid expansion of pacu in the country draws attention of the policy makers and the scientific community to address them keeping in view of the larger interest of the farmers community, society and the environment.
Pacu, Aquaculture, Spread, Environment, Invasion.
The so-called fish pacu Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818) was unofficially introduced possibly during 2004 via Bangladesh [1,2]. As per information available in Fishbase, there are 12 species of pacus [3]. The popular species of pacu are Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui), Piaractus brachypomus and Piaractus mesopotamicus. Red-bellied pacu and black pacu have been reported from India [4]. Nevertheless, Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818) commonly known as pacu, pirapitinga, roopchanda is understood to be available at many of the farms, markets and aquarium shops of Indian states and the fish has got both food and ornamental value. In addition, another pacu like species called piranha is also available which belongs to the family Characidae and subfamily Serrasalmidae belonging to the same group [5]. The morphological information, characteristics and biology of pacus found in India are yet to be scientifically validated. At the juvenile stage, pacu resembles piranha (Pygocentrus natteri), but differs greatly in behaviour and feeding habits even though they belong to the same family [2]. Since the boundaries of the country are porous, pacu piracy and unauthorized introductions have been carried out [2] and actually needed scientific information are lacking. The unofficial culture and breeding of pacu in India has been expanding during recent past causing concern of local fish biodiversity management and encouraging aquaculture for food security. As per reports available, a significant subset of alien species can become invasive and have serious adverse impact on biodiversity and related ecosystem services, as well as have other social and economic impact [2].
Internationally, culture and breeding technology of pacus Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui), Piaractus brachypomus and Piaractus mesopotamicus is now well established and available [6]. However, it is also important to mention that in recent years, hybrids of pacus have also been produced and reported to represent recent advances in aquaculture of pacu [6]. Since three species of pacus Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui), Piaractus brachypomus and Piaractus mesopotamicus are very common at farms and hatcheries in several countries, morphological distinction of such unintentional or deliberate hybrids production from the parents becomes highly unidentifiable, particularly between interspecific hybrids and pure species individuals. It is thus difficult to generate species specific information of the individuals available at the farms and markets. Hybrids pacu can be erroneously identified as pure species in breeding facilities, which might reduce production on farms and negatively affect native populations due to escapes or stocking practices [7]. These deliberate or unintentional activities of hybrid production if any is considered to be more resistant to varied environmental factors [8]. Further, mislabeling of the existing species may become a cheat to the market and farmers as the hybrids may not be as productive and remunerative for cultivation and aquaculture as that of pure species [6]. Nevertheless, genetic and environmental problems are also foreseen and since different species of pacus are reproductively compatible [6].
The propagule pressure on the pacu fish farming in India is equal for aquaculture as food and also for ornamental keeping [9,10]. It is quite likely that attempts are in operation or may be made towards creating fancy appearance of the fish through crossbreeding of different species of pacu for value addition especially in ornamental trade. It is therefore, imperative to ensure what species farmers are cultivating and demonstrate authenticity. Absence of monitoring by competent agencies/ authorities/scientific organizations, the warnings reported by Hashimoto et al. (2012) [6] based on experience elsewhere particularly in the USA and Asia will be needed towards the implementation of regulatory measures and management endeavours. Keeping in view of the above facts, present scenario on the culture and breeding of pacu in India has been synthesized and presented in this paper. Further, various environmental conditions required for the fish to spread has also been generated so as to make out possible invasions. The instances of inadvertant releases of the fish in different natural aquatic bodies are highlighted besides lessons to be learnt from the other countries to contemplate scientific measures to regulate culture and propagation of pacu in India.
Aquaculture of pacu
Both red-bellied pacu Piaractus brachypomus and the black pacu Colossoma macropomum have been found to grow well both in the natural environment [11] as well as in captivity. They exhibit excellent characteristics for use in aquaculture [12,13]. They can:
• reproduce under captive conditions
• thrive low on the food chain
• acccept prepared feed
• tolerate hardy conditions
• can easily be handled,
• grow rapidly
• be cultivated in high density
• be marketed and have consumers acceptability
• fetch good price and
• be preferred as food as well as ornamental fish.
They exhibit fast growth, and are able to utilize diets having high in carbohydrates and plant proteins. They are resistance to poor water quality conditions and diseases having good flesh quality. They have high ornamental value and attractive aquaculture characteristics. Red-bellied pacu, Piaractus brachypomus, is though native of Brazil is now introduced to Iran, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, India Bangladesh, Nepal, Malaysia and Philippines and many more countries. It is cultivated in India, under extensive or semi-intensive type of culture both as monoculture and polyculture [14].
Pacu in India is mostly cultivated in Inland coastal areas of West Godavari and Krishna Districts with low productive soils. In most of the areas, pacu is cultured in combination with mainly rohu (Labeo rohita) or even with catla (Catla catla) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) at a stocking density of 7000 and 5000 per hectare respectively with total production levels of 12-15 MT/ha [14,15]. Although Piaractus branchypomus is one of the introduced species being cultured in the state of Andhra Pradesh alone in an area of over 1000 hectares, its compatability with Indian major caprs in mixed/poly culture has not been fully understood. Its culture has now spread in other states such as Maharashtra, Tamil nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orrissa and north eastern states [1,2]. Nevertheless, there is no standard practice of its culture; the farmers are doing it at their own discretions and convenience. The production of the fish varies from farm to farm and overall production in the country is assessed to cross 0.2 million tonnes /ha/year.
Breeding Strategies
The culture and breeding of the fish was begun in the state of West Bengal and gained popularity in Andhra Pradesh [1, 2, 9,16]. Pacu has been found to attain maturity at 3 years or more with a stocking density of 2,000-2,500 fish/ha at different hatcheries. Today there are over 65 pacu hatcheries existing in different districts of the West Bengal (Table 1). The technology required for the reproduction of pacu through hormonal induction has been well established and widely used [1]. However, the major breeding activities are undertaken in West Bengal while farmers at other places such as Orrissa, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, northeaster states, Uttar Pradesh etc have also successfully attempted breeding producing pacu seed in a limited numbers. As per report of NBFGR, seed production from West Bengal during the last five years indicated about three fold increase in spawn, fry and fingerlings production in the surveyed hatcheries which were approximately 553 millions, 196 million and 8,4 million respectively [17]. In view of perpetuating farms and hatcheries in the country, there is urgent need to register them in view of proper control and scientific regulations.
Name of District
Names of Blocks
No. of Hatcheries
1. BANKURA BISHNUPUR,ONDA 2
2. BARDHAMAN MONTESWAR,KALNA-I 2
3. DAKSHIN DINAJPUR TAPAN 1
4. HOOGHLY BALAGARH 1
5. HOWRAH BAGNAN-II 1
6. JALPAIGURI MAYNAGURI 1
7. MURSHIDABAD BERHAMPORE, NABAGRAM, SAGARDIGHI 3
8. NADIA CHAKDAHA, HARINGHATA 3
9. NORTH 24 PARGANAS AMDANGA, BADURIA, BARRACKPORE-I, BONGAON, GAIGHATA, HABRA-II, SWARUPNAGAR, BASANTI-I, BHANGAR-II, BUDGE BUDGE-I, MOGRAHAT-II 51
Table 1: Information on Pacu hatcheries available in the West Bengal
Pacu fish species has been reported to be cultivated in a wide range of latitudes and temperatures [18,19]. The natural distribution of the fish occurs on a wide range of temperatures ranging from 12°C-15°C up to 27°C [19]. Young ones have been found to survive at temperatures between 20°C and 30°C and at pH 6-8 [20] while the optimal temperature for growth is 23°C-28°C [21]. The fish is also reported to survive in depths of up to 20 m [21] and they are a thermophilic species capable of tolerating low and high chronic temperatures of 16.5°C and 35°C, respectively.
Piaractus brachypomus is highly capable of thriving in various aquatic environments and it is a hardy species, which can rapidly shift its dietary habits. It can survive in degraded environment and at depleted oxygen levels [2]. Adult pacu is highly adaptable to environmental hypoxia however, oxygen concentrations below 4 mg/L severely impacted survival of embryos [22]. The abrupt transfer of the fish from freshwater to slightly saline water and the return to freshwater did not affect the survival rates and the survival was found to range between 89 to 97%. The larvae can also quickly adapt saline environments and abrupt changes in salt concentration [23].
Invasion risks of Pacu in natural water bodies
Introduction of fish species is a globally widespread practice that is now serious consideration as such practices cause losses to native species and homogenization of diversity within and across continents [2]. In Florida, pacu was first observed in the wild during the 1960's and initially the pacu population was thought to be non-breeding and existed only as the escapees of residential aquariums and hence non-invasive. However, they later on colonised and today they are everywhere, from South Florida canals, to Lake Okeechobee and through-out most of the continental United States .
Invasions of red-bellied Pacu populations have further been reported from many other countries such as Philippines, Iran, and Hungary etc. Pacu being South American native fish has been reported to occur near Yuma, Arizona in June 2006 and in New Jersy in June 2015 [24]. The occurrence of pacu has also been reported in Denmark, Michigan and other places. However, invasiveness of the species has yet to be determined. So far as the ecological issues are concerned, there is a report from Papua New Guinea in 2011, where incidence of two human deaths was reported due to Pacu attack by biting off the testicles of fishermen [25]. The species possesses a powerful dentition that can also cause serious bites to humans and other aquatic organisms and damage to fishing nets such as gill and cast nets as reported in the reservoir of Pune, India [2]. Some of the reports available from different countries where pacu were introduced and escaped into natural aquatic bodies are presented here so as to understand possible risks of its culture and propagation keeping in view of the international scenario:
The Brazilian red-bellied pacu, has been found to adapt very well in ornamental aquarium fishes in the Philippines and also food fish after its introduction during 1980s. The fish can now reproduce in captive conditions and be cultured in ponds for use as an ornamental fish [26]. It is an expensive ornamental fish in the Philippines. The red-bellied pacu can spawn naturally in riverine condition however technique of artificial spawning using hormone is also practiced there. The production of red-bellied pacu is although confined in aquaculture ponds yet incidences of its occurrences in natural water bodies have been reported [26].
Pacu is although a plant eater, it is also molluscivorous. It has been found to control the abundance of the golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata in simulated rice field in screen house condition. The molluscivorous feeding habit may be considered as a potential invasive character when the fish may impact on native mollusks such as the native snail Pila conica and freshwater clam Corbicula manilensis.
The red-bellied pacu, Piaractus brachypomus has also been reported to invade in Iran [27]. Two specimens of 177 mm (Standard Length) long pacu were captured from Zarivar Lake in October 2015 and January 2016 [27]. However, it could not be determined how this exotic fish species reached the lake nor the scientists could determine its actual abundance [27]. Nevertheless, the aquarium trade, which is though, a very small business is blamed for its inadvertant releases in the lake. The incidental releases by aquarium hobbyists and aquarium trade has been responsible for the introduction of P. brachypomus into the natural waters. Most exotic fish species introduced into the Zarivar Lake has been found as a result of unmanaged aquaculture by the Iranian Departments of Fisheries and Environment and Marivan's Fishing Cooperatives [27].
A piranha-like fish has been reported to be captured from a natural water body in north eastern Hungary in 2016. The captured specimen was examined based on the morphological appearance and the teething patterns of the fish. It was identified as a member of pacus (Serrasalmidae family). Since three pacu species, Piaractus brachypomus, P. mesopotamicus and Colossoma macropomum, are common species available in Hungary in the aquarium fish trade, characteristics of the studied invaded specimen were when compared with their relevant morphological data of the three species and also from the literature it was found to resemble most closely with Piaractus brachypomus. The captured specimen from natural aquatic body was confirmed as the pirapitinga Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) [28].
Occurrences of red-bellied pacu in India have been recorded from several natural aquatic bodies raising alarms and concerns of scientists. It is reported to occur in the Vellayani, the second largest freshwater lake in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala State in the southern part of Western Ghats region [29]. Presence of pacu has also been reported from Pamba River in Kerala, which is known for its inland fishery resources and great biodiversity [30]. Zeena and Beevi (2014) [31] reported captures of pacu from Muvattupuzha River, Kerala. The occurrence of Piaractus brachypomus has also been interestingly reported from the Vembanad Lake. The Vembanad Lake is the largest coastal lagoon on the southwest coast of India with a catchment area of 14500 km2 drained by seven rivers which are the Chalakudy, Periyar, Muvattupuzha, Meenachil, Manimala, Pamba and Achankovil, along with a large number of canals originating and flowing through Western Ghats. The region is known as one of the 34 global biodiversity hotspots of the world [32]. Presence of red-bellied pacu Piaractus brachypomus has also been reported from Krishna and Godavari rivers of Telangana [33,34].
Some of the recent reports on the incidents of inadvertant releases of pacu that gravitated into natural water bodies especially in the biodiversity rich areas in India are definitely considered as serious concern and are alarming in response to the heedless interventions of the aquaculturists and emanating environmental changes. The pacu introduction in India has not been scientifically evaluated and hence its invasiveness still remains a query. A plastic diet, large body size and longevity (up to 70 cm SL and 28 years [35] and the capacity to achieve large local abundances and wide distributions, are some of the characteristics that support the invasive characters of the species [2]. Whatsoever may be the scenario, established selfsustaining populations P. brachypomus have not been recorded so far due to the low frequency of individuals occurring in natural bodies. Nevertheless, there is a great possibility that a gradual release of these long-living fishes provides favourable conditions for growth, spawning, and establishment. The issues and concerns of possibilities of adversities on the biodiversity and ecosystem services attract serious attention of the policy makers and the scientific community to address them looking into larger interest of the farmers community, society and the environment.
Chatterjee NR, Mazumdar B. Induced breeding of pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) in captivity with pituitary extract. Aquaculture Asia. 2009;14: 23.
Singh AK, Lakra WS. Risk and benefit assessment of alien fish species of the aquaculture and aquarium trade into India. Reviews in Aquaculture. 2011;3;3-18.
Froese, Rainer, Pauly, et al. "Piaractus brachypomus" in FishBase. 2017.
Singh AK, Dinesh Kumar, Abubakar Ansari.Commercial farming of the Red belly Pacu. Aquaculture Asia-Pacific. 2012;8:48-9.
Jegu M. Serrasalminae (Pacus and piranhas). In: Checklist of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. 2003:182-96.
Hashimoto DT, Senhorini JA, Foresti F, et al. Interspecific fish hybrids in Brazil: management of genetic resources for sustainable use. Rev Aquaculture. 2012;4:108-18.
Hashimoto DT, Senhorini JA, Foresti F, et al. Genetic Identification of F1 and Post-F1 Serrasalmid Juvenile Hybrids in Brazilian Aquaculture. PLOS ONE. 2014;9.
Moraes G, Avilez IM, Hori TSF. Comparison between Biochemical responses of the teleost Pacu and its hybrid Tambacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus x Colossoma macropomum)to short term nitrite exposure. Braz J Biol. 2006;66:1103-08.
Datta MK, Nandeesha MC. Pacu (Piaractus brachypomus), an acid water loving exotic finfish, enters Indian aquaculture scene. Fishing Chimes. 2006;26:10-2.
Ghosh Subrath, Datta MK. Farming of Red bellied Pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) in India. Fishing Chimes. 2014;34:32-39.
Goulding M, Carvalho ML. Life history and management of the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum , Characidae): an imponant Amazon food fish. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 1982;1:107-33.
Saint-Paul U. Potential for aquaculture of South American fresh water ítshes: review. Aquaculture. 1986;54:205-40.
Van dcr Meer MB. Fccds and feeding strategies for Colossoma mucmpomum (Cuvier 1 818). Fish growth as related lo dietary protein. Doctoral dissertation. Wageningen Agricultura University. Printed by Ponsen & Louijen, Wagcningen, Netherlands. 1997.
Kumar Aditya PK, Pradhana PC, Das SM, et al. Growth performance and compatibility of pacu, Piaractus brachypomus with Indian major carps in polyculture system. Aquaculture. 2018;490:236-9.
Anon. Annual Report of ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow 2016-17, 2017;132.
Belton Ben, Arun Padiyar, Ravibabu G. Boom and bust in Andhra Pradesh: Development and transformation inIndia's domestic aquaculture value chain. Aquaculture. 2017;470:196-206.
Anon. ICAR-CIFA. Annual Report 2016-17. ICARCentral Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India. 2017;176.
Bechara JA, Roux JP, Dıaz JFR, et al. The effect of dietary protein level on pond water quality and feed utilization efficiency of Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887). Aquaculture Research. 2005;36:546-53.
Barbieri Edison, Ana Cristina Vigliar Bondioli. Acute toxicity of ammonia in Pacu fish (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887) at different temperatures levels. Aquaculture Research. 2015;46:565-71.
Abimorad EG, Favero GC, Castellani D, et al. Dietary supplementation of lysine and/or methionine on performance, nitrogen retention and excretion in Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus reared in cages. Aquaculture. 2009;295:266-70.
Konrad DA, Jacquers I, Joseph SO, et al. Effect of Oxygen Saturation in Water on Reproductive Performances of Pacu Piaractus brachypomus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 2003;34:441-9.
Ros angela K, Jomori Ronald Luz K, et al. Effect of Salinity on Larval Rearing of Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, a freshwater species. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society. 2012;43:423-32.
Howard, Brian Clark, Brian Clark Howard. "13 Scariest Freshwater Fish: Piranha", National Geographic. 2012.
Rick Spilman. "Beware the Red-Bellied Pacu? TesticleBiting Fish Invading Denmark?" (On-line). 2013.
Arsenia G. Cagauan. Red-bellied Pacu in the Philippines. Journal of Environmental Science and Management. 2007;10:42-7.
Zarei F, Rajabi-Maham H. First record of exotic Piaractus brachypomus Cuvier, 1818 (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) from the Zarivar Lake, Western Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 2017;33:1-3.
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Reenamole GR, George D'cruz (2015). New Record of Exotic Fish Red Bellied Pacu, Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) From Vellayani Fresh Waterlake, Southwest Coast Of India. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). 2013;4:2319-7064, 1106-10.
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Zeena KV, Beevi KSJ. On a report of red-bellied pacu Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818)(Characiformes: Characidae) from Muvattupuzha River, Kerala, India. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society. 2014;111:138-40.
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This fine oak staircase, with bronze handrail spindles, sits at the heart of a restored 16th century timber-framed house. The staircase is located where the stairs originally rose next to a chimney stack. These constraints meant that space was limited, but despite this, these stairs meet modern building regulations.


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A devilishly good time with Squirm Burpee
BLOOMSBURG — Bloomsburg University welcomes the Handsome Little Devils for a performance of their show, "Squirm Burpee," on Saturday, Sept. 15, at 7 p.m. in the Haas Center for the Arts, Mitrani Hall. The Devils' show will kick off the 27th season of BU's Celebrity Artist Series. Tickets cost $34.50 for adults, $19.50 for children and $17 for BU students.
Founded by Mike and Dan Huling in 2000, the Handsome Little Devils started performing on streets in the Fort Collins, Colo., area. In addition to a shared interest in acting, the pair used their art skills to make clever costumes and props for their productions, creating an atmosphere that has been described as "Tim Burton meets Wile E. Coyote."
In this show, Dashing Dave, Mike the Handsome and Lovely Little Lolo use quirky contraptions and crazy stunts to captivate audiences, including the Ladder of Love and the Human Cannonball. Amidst all of this, the villainous Baron Vegan von Hamburger is plotting to end the circus once and for all. The Baron and the trio of performers sort out their problems while showcasing a variety of classic Vaudeville entertainment, from swing dancing to slapstick.
Upcoming productions for BU's Celebrity Artist Series' 2012-13 season include:
Koresh Dance Company – Saturday, Oct. 20, at 8 p.m. in the Haas Center for the Arts, Mitrani Hall. Tickets: $34.50
Cirque Chinois – Friday, Nov. 16, at 8 p.m. in the Haas Center for the Arts, Mitrani Hall. Tickets: $34.50
The Midtown Men – Sunday, Dec. 9, at 7:30 p.m. in the Haas Center for the Arts, Mitrani Hall. Tickets: $34.50
Monty Python's "Spamalot" – Friday, Feb. 8, 2013, at 8 p.m. in the Haas Center for the Arts, Mitrani Hall. Tickets: $34.50
Luciana Souza – Sunday, Feb. 17, 2013, at 7:30 p.m. in Carver Hall, Kenneth S. Gross Auditorium. Tickets: $29.50
DALA – Friday, April 5, 2013, at 7:30 p.m. in Carver Hall, Kenneth S. Gross Auditorium. Tickets: $29.50
Kathy Mattea – Friday, April 26, 2013, at 8 p.m. in the Haas Center for the Arts, Mitrani Hall. Tickets: $34.50
Nai-Ni Chen with the Ahn Trio – Saturday, May 11, 2013, at 8 p.m. in the Haas Center for the Arts, Mitrani Hall. Tickets: $34.50
Bloomsburg University is one of 14 universities in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education. The university serves approximately 10,000 students, offering comprehensive programs of study in the colleges of Education, Business, Liberal Arts and Science and Technology.


So amazing. Chad is such a fantastic performer. So much raw emotion and fun to watch.
Chad always puts on a great show.
Gets better every time I see him!
Awesome show. Chad never disappoints.
Great performances by Chad Brownlee, Jess Moskaluke and Bobby Wills. They are all great interacting with the audience. Genuine people!


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National Prep Showcase: Day One
A recap of the most intriguing college prospects seen at day one of the national prep showcase in Lowell, Massachusetts, including players such as Devin Ebanks, Terrence Jennings, Rosco Davis, Chris Braswell and others.
Devin Ebanks, 6-8, Small Forward, Senior, St. Thomas More, Committed to Indiana
27 Points, 10 rebounds, 4 assists, 5 blocks, 4 turnovers, 12/21 FG, 0-2 3p, 3-7 FT
It's been about a year since the last time this writer saw Devin Ebanks, and you can definitely tell that he's continuing to progress as a player and prospect. His appeal as both a top high school recruit and intriguing draft prospect is quite obvious on first sight—he's a 6-8 or 6-9 wing player with outstanding physical tools to play the game. We compared him in the past to Rudy Gay (probably not the first or last ones based off the physical resemblance), and he even wears the same number as Rudy and plays somewhat of a similar game, although he's a notch below Rudy athletically.
Ebanks has added a quite a bit of weight to his lanky frame since the last time we saw him, and this to have given him some newfound aggressiveness that he certainly once lacked. He's a very good, but not off-the-charts athlete, blessed with a terrific wingspan and good fluidity and coordination. He dropped quite a few glimpses of his excellent potential—for example facing the basket on one possession and getting to the hoop with a terrific first step to finish with an emphatic tomahawk jam.
He was also extremely active, particularly in the early going, showing terrific timing coming up with a number of on-ball blocks and getting in the passing lanes and taking the ball coast to coast himself. When he's on, he's a really impressive prospect as his lofty recruiting rankings would indicate. He's been criticized in the past for being too passive at times, and although you could certainly see where that's coming from, he seems to be making nice strides in this area.
Defensively he showed really nice lateral quickness on the perimeter besides the havoc he wreaked with his length coming up with steals and blocks. He's not the toughest kid in the world, but his physical tools give him great potential. His intensity does seem to waver a bit at times, though.
We didn't get to see much in regards to his perimeter jump-shot, as most of the game was played in transition where Ebanks obviously excels. In warm-ups his shot did look pretty smooth, though. In the half-court, Ebanks could definitely still stand to improve his ball-handling skills if he's to reach his potential as a shot-creating small forward at the college level, even if they aren't that bad at the moment. Being a little bit tougher using his size and length in the paint could also benefit him greatly. He doesn't always finish strong through contact—although adding weight will help to a certain extent.
All in all, there is a lot to like about Ebanks as a prospect moving forward, even if we're still not sold on him as being an elite one and done type guy. How much of his vast potential he'll actually realize will largely depend on him, particularly regarding the mental part of the game.
Melquan Bolding, 6-4, Senior, Shooting Guard, Notre Dame Prep, Committed to Louisville
13 Points, 7 rebounds, 0 assists, 4 turnovers, 2 steals, 1 block, 6-13 FG, 0-2 3p, 1-4 FT
Notre Dame Prep was strong enough to bring a high-major wing committed to Louisville in Melquan Bolding. He came into the game and gave them immediate energy with his superb athleticism and incredible motor, wreaking havoc in the paint despite being only 6-4. Bolding is a very physically gifted player, tough as nails, and super active. He took the ball strong to the basket time after time, finishing strong through contact and getting to the free throw line. He's a superb rebounder, particularly on the offensive end, making great use of his length, strength and explosiveness. He also plays good defense, not giving his man any space to operate and being an absolute menace getting in the passing lanes and even chasing blocks. He reminds to a certain extent of current Syracuse guard Paul Harris in those aspects.
Offensively, he can get to the rim thanks to his tenacity and terrific first step, but is pretty raw besides that. He doesn't see the floor well at all, driving into brick walls, missing open teammates, turning the ball over and taking ill advised shots. He only shot the ball twice from outside the paint, but it did not look pretty at all.
Bolding looks like a useful collegiate player to bring off the bench for an athletic team like Louisville. It's possible he could develop into more than that, but it will take him time.
Kim English, 6-6, Senior, Shooting Guard, Notre Dame Prep, Committed to Missouri
21 Points, 5 rebounds, 0 assists, 3 turnovers, 1 block, 8-14 FG, 3-6 3p, 2-4 FT
The leading scorer and likely go-to guy for Notre Dame Prep, 6-6 wing Kimmie English seems to have a lot of interesting aspects to his game that make him a solid college prospect. Fairly athletic with a chiseled frame, English looks the part of a high-major swingman and then some. He can put the ball on the floor a bit with mixed results, and has a really nice stroke with range out to the 3-point line. English created his own shot on a number of occasions, but clearly still has some work to do on his ball-handling skills. Defensively, English plays with intensity but isn't the most fundamental player in the world, gambling a bit for steals and blocks, and losing his focus at times. English's biggest problem at the moment seems to be his lack of experience and fairly average basketball IQ. His shot selection isn't the best and rarely would he pass the ball to an open teammate once he decided he was going to score on that possession. English clearly has a lot of talent, so if he can put it to good use over the next few years he might be a name to look out for.
James Southerland, 6-6, Senior, Small Forward, Notre Dame Prep, Committed to Syracuse
2 Points, 8 rebounds, 1 assist, 1 turnover, 1 block, 1-10 FG, 0-2 3p, 0-0 FT
There isn't much to say about James Southerland other than the fact that he was a big disappointment relative to his status as a committed player to an elite program like Syracuse. Southerland floated around aimlessly offensively for most of the game, not looking focused and all and seeming a bit confused as to what his true position is. He's listed as a SG/SF here, but spent most of his minutes at the 4, which probably is closer to the truth when you evaluate his skill set. He's a long, athletic, high-energy forward, who is extremely raw with his post moves and has almost no perimeter game to speak of. This really must have been one of his poorer games lately, as he had real trouble catching the ball at times, got outhustled on the offensive glass, and looking very much out of sync for most of the second half. His physical attributes do tell you that he has room to grow as a project for Syracuse, but there isn't much else out there that tells you that there is a lot separating him from many mid-major recruits in attendance here.
Terrence Jennings, 6'10, PF/C, Senior, Notre Dame Prep, Committed to Louisville
12 points, 15 rebounds, 6 blocks, 0 assists, 2 turnovers, 2-13 FG, 0-2 3P, 8-15 FT
Jennings was hands down the top big man prospect that the day had to offer, combining prototypical size with downright freakish athleticism. He displayed ridiculously quick moves when touching the ball around the basket, both in terms of footwork and how fast he got off of the ground. The Amare Stoudemire comparisons may be a stretch at the moment, but Jennings does own quickness, size, and athleticism somewhat comparable to that of the current Phoenix Suns star.
Jennings entire game is predicated off of his athleticism, both on the offensive and defensive ends of the floor. He simply outjumped any opposing player that he was matched up against Friday, corralling rebounds and rejecting any shot that came his way. The California native ran the floor incredibly well, jetting down the floor in transition for an outstanding dunk for one of his two field goals.
On the down side, Terrence is still remarkably raw for a player considered a top 20 recruit. His skill set needs quite a bit of work, as he did very little away from the rim and bricked quite a few easy scoring attempts. His post game is just as underdeveloped, as Jennings looked completely lost a few time when he touched the ball in the pivot.
Jennings' basketball IQ and feel for the game also seemed a bit lackluster. It was clear that he lacked the court awareness that most players of his stature possess, especially on the defensive end. Everything that Jennings does on the floor is at 100 miles per hour due to his jetting quicks, but his elementary feel for the game is evident to anyone watching, especially when he is forced to make quick basketball decisions.
Either way that you look at it, Jennings is a player that will be closely followed by NBA personnel throughout his tenure as a Cardinal. The package of size, quickness, and upside that he brings to the table is virtually unparalleled by most power forwards that this class has to offer. Only time will tell if Jennings develops into the budding star that he has the potential to become, or if he will just remain an athletic marvel with an underdeveloped skill set.
Chris Braswell, 6'8, Power Forward, Senior, Hargrave Military Academy, Committed to Georgetown
10 Points, 7 Rebounds, 1 assists, 0 turnovers, 1 Block, 1 steal, 3-8 FG, 4-5 FT
It was the tale of two halves for Braswell, as he started out the game on the lethargic side only to finish the contest strong. In the first half, he was easily frustrated by his lack of touches in the post and it effected all other aspects of his game. The future Hoya did not defend, run the floor, rebound, and displayed a terrible demeanor throughout the half. He finished the first stanza with a mere 2 points and 2 rebounds, looking more like a low major division one player then one who is expected to come in and contribute immediately in the Big East.
Different half, different story for Braswell. Hargrave came out and immediately got their star big man touches in the paint, which he converted on with a flurry of post moves. His soft touch was exhibited through a series of tip-ins and touch catches, a testament to the feathery paws he owns. Braswell was incredibly active, making his presence felt on both the offensive and defensive ends of the floor, finishing the game with X points and X rebounds.
Motivation is a key issue with Chris, evidenced by his inconsistent play over the years. When motivated, he is one of the better scoring big men on the prep level. When he is just going through the motions however, he appears to be quite an average prospect. John Thompson III and his staff have proven that they are able to get the most out of their big men, so don't be surprised to see Braswell step in and contribute right away once he reaches campus at Georgetown.
Roscoe Davis, 6-11, Center, Senior, Hargrave Military Academy, Committed to West Virginia
11 points, 3 rebounds (0 defensive), 1 assist, 2 turnovers, 2 blocks, 1 steal, 4-11 FG, 3-5 FT
One of highest risers of the past summer from the senior class, there were some high hopes going into this game to watch this mobile 6-11 center who just recently committed to Bob Huggins at West Virginia. Those expectations largely went unanswered, although it's not very difficult to see why many high major programs coveted him based off his upside.
Davis is a fairly athletic big man, blessed with a good frame and very nice hands. He runs the floor well, is quick off his feet, and has an especially impressive 2nd bounce he can utilize to chase blocked shots and offensive rebounds. He also has pretty good timing to boot, offering us some really intriguing glimpses of potential that make you wonder how good he might be if he only gave a consistent effort throughout the game.
Davis is a player who constantly needs to be involved in his team's offense, as otherwise you will quickly see his body language sour and he'll begin to loaf around the perimeter defensively and not run the floor very hard. Besides his shot-blocking ability it's hard to say that he had any real presence on the defensive end at all in this game. He put in a sub-par effort on the defensive glass (letting a severely undersized power forward basically eat his lunch all game), gambled excessively for steals, and was caught napping on pick and rolls several times hedging and not then recovering back inside.
Offensively, Davis may want a lot of touches, but his skill-set at the moment doesn't exactly warrant that. He has no real back to the basket game, and his jumper is not a real weapon at this point. He also has a tendency to settle for bad shots going out of his element.
Although this evaluation may seem harsh, we have to remember that Davis is a late-blooming big man who's weaknesses are all still very much correctable. The talent and natural gifts are all there for him to become a very productive college player and maybe even more than that, but he'll need to put the effort in first.
Devin Ebanks SF/PF
Terrence Jennings C
Rudy Gay SF
Amare Stoudemire PF/C
John Thompson F


text:
I Know Dino Podcast Show Notes: Charonosaurus (Episode 249)
Episode 249 is all about Charonosaurus, a Chinese Parasaurolophus relative named after the ferryman from the river Styx.
We also interview Peter May, founder and Owner of Research Casting International. They mounted Sue, Stan, & the Nation's T. rex. As well as Zuul, Patagotitan, and countless other amazing dinosaurs around the world.
The new dinosaur Adratiklit boulahfa is the oldest known stegosaur and the first from Northern Africa source
Two new stegosaur specimens were fround in Montana from the Morrison Formation source
Researchers at the Museum für Naturkunde modeled their Giraffatitan and found new potential uses for sauropod tails source
In Tibet, Xing Lida and a research team started a two-week expedition to study some recently found dinosaur footprints source
A team of researchers in Utah are excavating seven Diplodocus vertebrae, destined for the new LANHM welcome center source
Jurassic Outpost posted about updates coming to the Jurassic World Live show source
The Disney Channel is getting the animated series Moon Girl and Devil Dinosaur source
Eurogamer has a fun list of games with dinosaurs source
Turns out Google's main office has a Stan the T. rex source
The dinosaur of the day: Charonosaurus
Lambeosaurine hadrosaur that lived in the Cretaceous in what is now China
Estimated to be about 33 ft (10 m) long
One of the largest known hadrosaurs from Asia
Found a partial skull, and parts of an adult and juvenile
Partial skull looks like a Parasaurolophus
Charonosaurus probably had a long, hollow crest like Parasaurolophus
Helps show that lambeosaurines lived later than their relatives in North America (lived later than Parasaurolophus)
Type species is Charonosaurus jiayinensis
Found in 2000 by Godefroit, Zan, and Jin on the south bank of the Amur River, which divides China and Russia
Genus name means "Charon's lizard"
Genus name refers to Charon, the ferryman who took souls through the River Styx to the land of the dead (named because of the dinosaur being found on the river that borders China and Russia)
The species name refers to Jiayin, the locality where it was found
Fun Fact: If you love stegosaurs, the Morrison formation in the US is the place to be.


text:
Charlotte Tilbury's New Highlighter Is Here
Charlotte Tilbury's Secrets to Creating Viral Makeup Hits
With a new highlighter that promises a Hollywood-like glow, the famed makeup artist cements herself as TikTok's beauty hitmaker.
By Jamie Wilson Published: Jan 6, 2023
Courtesy of Charlotte Tilbury
There's dewy, glazed skin—and then there's glowing skin. The difference is subtle, sure, but no one knows how to make skin look truly lit from within quite like Charlotte Tilbury. During her illustrious 29-year career, the makeup artist and brand founder has become the expert at using "little light tricks" to completely transform a look—just like they do in Hollywood.
Charlotte Tilbury Hollywood Glow Face Architect Highlighter
$48 at Charlotte Tilbury
"I always consider myself to be a bit of a light thief," Tilbury tells BAZAAR.com. It only makes sense that her latest launch, the Hollywood Glow Glide Face Architect Highlighter ($48), an addition to the best-selling Hollywood collection, expertly packages these sly "glow tricks" to help achieve maximum radiance without the fuss. Available in seven shades, the pressed powder highlighter is infused with Light Flex Technology and smoothing emollients to illuminate and blur the look of skin—like a real-life filter.
All of Tilbury's products, which have been selling out left and right thanks to TikTok influencers, offer the same promise of blurred, radiant, and filtered skin in just a swipe or two. Her products are foolproof and easy to use, but perhaps best of all, they're for people of all ages, skin textures, and tones.
Ahead, BAZAAR.com catches up with Tilbury to talk about her take on the resurgence of '90s makeup trends, her favorite celebrity clients, and why she's so meticulous about the formulas bottled in her "tubes of joy."
What is it about the era of Old Hollywood cinema that inspires you?
I was about eight years old. I had black-and-white posters on my wall. I would just sit there, like, studying and counting Marilyn Monroe's eyelashes and Marlene Dietrich eyelashes. Many of my products were inspired from those black-and-white pictures. That stayed with me. I ended up working on the red carpet and with some of the biggest Old Hollywood stars, some of them have died now, like Jackie Kennedy Onassis's sister Lee Radziwill. Elizabeth Taylor, I never got to work with her in the end, but so many of them were such an inspiration to me.
What is one product you see people using wrong all the time?
For me, it's not about what people are doing wrong, but more about the formulas they have available. I feel like some of the quality of formulas out there really don't make people look good, and make them feel like, "Well, I can't really wear makeup," or, "I'm not very good at doing it." It's like, "No, sorry. Back up. That product is not flattering you, because the particles are too big or because the color is a bit off and therefore making you feel like you don't look good anymore." And that really upsets me, because if you have great formula and great product, it is all about flattering and making people look like the most beautiful version of them.
I remember so many women telling me, "I can't wear a shimmery eye shadow," "I can't wear, like, highlighter." I'm like, "Yes, you can." I've converted so many women through my brand because of everything that I talked about, from Hollywood Flawless Filter to Wonder Glow to Beauty Light Wands and now even this powder highlighter.
What are your thoughts on the digital expansion of the beauty space going from YouTube tutorials to Instagram and now TikTok?
I'm a champion for the fact that you are able to speak to so many audiences and speak directly to your consumer. That's what is so great about having YouTube and having all these different platforms—you didn't have to rely only on one mode, whether it's TV or whatever it is—that you can have this direct dialogue with your consumer. It's so amazing because there's so much I want to tell them, and they can tune in so many different ways for different tutorials and different conversations.
You began your career in the '90s—how do you feel about makeup trends from the 1990s becoming relevant again?
There's that kind of supermodel era of the '90s, which I loved. I have to say, back then, the sculpting, the colors, the really flattering gorgeousness is just so supermodel. That was my era. I'm super inspired by that. I have to say, what I love now is the technology behind the formulas. Because sometimes those looks were great on the runway and they were great in a certain light, but if you saw them in daylight, it was a little bit baked and heavy. Then the grunge era happened, and definitely it became more about glowing skin and kind of like freshness. Now the technology and the science have caught up when creating formulas that actually look good in every kind of light.
You've worked with some of the biggest names in fashion and beauty. Who was your favorite person to work with?
The thing about me is I love people. There's so many it's like picking a favorite child. You know, obviously, Kate Moss. I'm super-good friends with her, but I've had so many fun memories with everyone. I love women. I love men. I love business. But I love what I do, so I'm blessed to really work with everyone.
Who have you learned the most from?
I think I've learned from everyone. The thing is you don't just learn from one person, but you learn a little bit from everyone. And everyone's got different faces. I'll work with Salma [Hayek]. She has a particular way of knowing what she wants with her face. Amal [Clooney], you know, Cindy Crawford, whoever. They understand their face and you understand their face as you're working on them. It's amazing. I think working with all of them is so inspiring.
Where do you see the Charlotte Tilbury brand in the next five years?
I just want to keep on innovating and keep on looking at women and what they need and making women feel and look great. And that really is honestly, like, I would just have lived a happy life if that's what I can do. Because for me, it's all about feeling. What I love about this is, it's tubes of happiness. It's tubes of joy. It's tubes of feelings of greatness and fun.
The Edit: Beauty
The Coolest Makeup Looks for Spring 2023
The Best At-Home Chemical Peels for Smoother Skin
10 Microcurrent Devices to Sculpt Your Face, Fast
The 10 Dreamiest Lavender Perfumes
Marc Jacobs Is a Fragrance Hitmaker
You'll Want to Try All of These 2023 Hair Trends
Here's How to Create J.Lo's Viral Lip Gloss Nails
The New Skin Barrier Repair Treatment You Need
The Truth About Beauty Supplements
Want a Brighter Smile? Try These 9 Toothpastes
The 17 Best Eyebrow Pencils For Faking Full Brows
Shop Jennifer Coolidge's Red Carpet Beauty Look


This morning I really fancied making muffins.
So I pulled my favourite baking book off the bookshelf…Dorie Greenspan's Baking from my home to yours. Have I told you how much I adore this book? It's my baking bible. The best book I have ever bought! Flicking through the pages my eyes fell upon a recipe for Lemon Poppy Seed muffins. I had made these before and I knew they were good. Better than good, actually. I wondered what they would be like with the addition of blueberries. There's only one way to find out, I thought!
Preheat the oven to 200C/400F. In a large bowl, rub the sugar and lemon zest together with your fingertips until the sugar is moist and the fragrance of lemon strong.
Whisk in the flour, baking powder, bicarbonate of soda and salt.
In another large bowl or measuring jug, whisk the Greek yoghurt/sour cream, eggs, vanilla, lemon juice and melted butter together until well blended. Pour the liquid ingredients over the dry ingredients and gently and quickly stir to bring the ingredients together.
Don't worry if there are lumps – lumpy muffin batter = tender, soft muffins! Finally stir in the blueberries and poppy seeds.
Divide the muffin batter evenly into the muffin cups. Bake for 18-20 minutes, or until the tops are golden.
Cool on a wire rack completely before glazing them.
Sift the icing sugar into a bowl and add just under 1 tablespoon of the lime juice. Stir with a spoon, then add enough lime juice, just a dribble at a time, to get an icing thin enough to drizzle from the tip of a spoon. Drizzle over the muffins.
The Lime drizzle is perfect with these muffins. I'm really glad I thought of adding blueberries, they were very good indeed. Next time I'm going to try Dorie's suggestion of adding a spoonful of Lemon curd in the centre of the muffins. Love the sound of that!
Ooh, I love the look of all that sticky, gooey blueberry in the middle!
What a great combination! These look SO good!
I've made these same muffins, sans the blueberries and they are so freaking amazing. Blueberries could only make them even happier. And props to you for going the extra step with the glaze; I just scarf up the muffins hot out of the pan!
I'm so into blueberries right now I could scoff all of these!
So cute and stuffed with blueberries!!!


According to the OPP, an 85-year-old woman was sent to the hospital in critical condition after she allegedly drove up Highway 401 in the wrong direction.
An elderly woman was critically injured in a collision after police say she entered a Highway 401 exit ramp in the wrong direction near Kingston, Ont.
On Nov. 3 just before 3 p.m., OPP say a small sedan drove up the Gardiners Road exit ramp, driving westbound into the eastbound lanes. OPP say they arrived on scene just minutes after receiving a call notifying them of the incident, but when they arrived a collision had already happened.
According to police, the sedan collided with another vehicle, and the 85-year-old driver of the sedan was taken to hospital with critical injuries. The driver of the other vehicle and its passenger were uninjured.
The collision closed the highway for several hours.
Police say another collision occurred in the slowed traffic near County Road 4 in the eastbound lanes. The second collision involved three cars and a transport trailer.
This caused another two-hour closure of Highway 401 near County Road 4. Police reported minor injuries as a result of the second collision.
Police did not respond to a request for further comment.


Back at it! Boycott Cancer shirts!
We at johnstabb were pretty bummed out over the month of June. But it's July and our guy showed up in the world on July 12, 1961 so we're gonna rally.
← AUCTION ITEM 17 :SIGNED BEAT HAPPENING DREAMY TEST PRESSING!!


How thrilled were we to see Diipa Khosla, the biggest Indian Fashion Blogger globally and big time Fashion Influencer fully adorned in Nadia Minkoff jewellery and looking absolutely stunning!
So the deal is… Wolf & Badger short listed 15 brands to be part of their 'Crystals from Swarovski' event and Nadia Minkoff London is one of the lucky 15.
Posted on September 27, 2016 by nadiaminkofflondon	This entry was posted in #Swarovski,#Crystalsfrom Swarovski#Diipakhosla,#fashionblogger,#fashioninfluencer,#getthelook, Autumn Winter 2016, Bloggers, British Design, Jewellery, LONDON, Nadia Minkoff, photoshoot. Bookmark the permalink.
← Fashion Supplier of the Year, we're a Drapers Finalist!


text:
package org.jf.dexlib2.immutable.instruction;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import org.jf.dexlib2.iface.instruction.SwitchElement;
import org.jf.util.ImmutableConverter;

import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;
import java.util.List;

public class ImmutableSwitchElement implements SwitchElement {
    protected final int key;
    protected final int offset;

    public ImmutableSwitchElement(int key,
                                  int offset) {
        this.key = key;
        this.offset = offset;
    }

    @Nonnull
    public static ImmutableSwitchElement of(SwitchElement switchElement) {
        if (switchElement instanceof  ImmutableSwitchElement) {
            return (ImmutableSwitchElement)switchElement;
        }
        return new ImmutableSwitchElement(
                switchElement.getKey(),
                switchElement.getOffset());
    }

    @Override public int getKey() { return key; }
    @Override public int getOffset() { return offset; }

    @Nonnull
    public static ImmutableList<ImmutableSwitchElement> immutableListOf(@Nullable List<? extends SwitchElement> list) {
        return CONVERTER.toList(list);
    }

    private static final ImmutableConverter<ImmutableSwitchElement, SwitchElement> CONVERTER =
            new ImmutableConverter<ImmutableSwitchElement, SwitchElement>() {
                @Override
                protected boolean isImmutable(@Nonnull SwitchElement item) {
                    return item instanceof ImmutableSwitchElement;
                }

                @Nonnull
                @Override
                protected ImmutableSwitchElement makeImmutable(@Nonnull SwitchElement item) {
                    return ImmutableSwitchElement.of(item);
                }
            };
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Custom ListView ocupando 100% da tela Criei um Custom Listview com alguns itens mas como podem ver na imagem abaixo fica um "espaço vazio" na tela.
Gostaria de saber como faço para que os itens ocupem todo o espaço restante na tela.

Código do Menu.java:
public class Menu extends Activity{

private List<MenuItensAndIcons> menuitens = new ArrayList<MenuItensAndIcons>();

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.menulistview);

    CriandoItensMenu();
    CriandoListView();

    final UsuarioLogado usuariologado = (UsuarioLogado) getApplicationContext();

    getActionBar().setTitle(usuariologado.getUsuariologado());
    getActionBar().setIcon(new ColorDrawable(getResources().getColor(android.R.color.transparent)));

    }

private void CriandoItensMenu() {

    menuitens.add(new MenuItensAndIcons("Cadastrar", R.drawable.add));
    menuitens.add(new MenuItensAndIcons("Meus Cadastros", R.drawable.consulta));
    menuitens.add(new MenuItensAndIcons("Perfil", R.drawable.neutro));
    menuitens.add(new MenuItensAndIcons("Mapa", R.drawable.mapa));
    menuitens.add(new MenuItensAndIcons("Consulta Avançada", R.drawable.consulta));

}

private void CriandoListView() {

    ArrayAdapter<MenuItensAndIcons> arrayadapter = new MyListAdapter();
    ListView listamenu = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.menulist);
    listamenu.setAdapter(arrayadapter);
}

private class MyListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<MenuItensAndIcons>{
    public MyListAdapter(){

        super(Menu.this, R.layout.item_view, menuitens);

    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

        View itemview = convertView;

        if(itemview == null){
            itemview = getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.item_view, parent, false);

        }

        //achar o item especifico

        MenuItensAndIcons itematual = menuitens.get(position);

        //preenche os dados do listview

        ImageView imageview = (ImageView)itemview.findViewById(R.id.ItemIcon);
        imageview.setImageResource(itematual.getIconeMenu());

        TextView Textitem = (TextView)itemview.findViewById(R.id.item_TextItem);
        Textitem.setText(""+itematual.getNomeMenu());

        return itemview;
    }

}

Código do menulistview.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/menulist"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" >
    </ListView>

</LinearLayout>

Código do item_view.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/ItemIcon"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:src="@drawable/add" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/item_TextItem"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/ItemIcon"
        android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/ItemIcon"
        android:text="Text Aqui"
        android:textColor="@android:color/white" />

</RelativeLayout>

A: Olá!
A única solução que me vem em mente é aumentar o tamanho da cédula. Porém, com um pouco de pesquisa encontrei um caso semelhante e que talvez funcione para você!
Vá para seu arquivo AndroidManifest.xml e adicione o seguinte código:
 android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar.Fullscreen"

Espero que ajude!
(Referência)


It is not common when we get an artist on this show that can drop an entire mix of original productions; so you know how excited we are for this episode!! Grimblee drops an hour long mix that will definitely make you a fan of everything he is and has been doing. Also, listen in after the mix as we introduce the world to Squeaky Nate!!!!
Posted on July 9, 2015 by SL Steez and filed under Dubstep, Trap, Grimblee, Featured.


Many organic chemicals are ionizable by nature. After use and release into the environment, various fate processes determine their concentrations, and hence exposure to aquatic organisms. In the absence of suitable data, such fate processes can be estimated using Quantitative Structure–Property Relationships (QSPRs). In this review we compiled available QSPRs from the open literature and assessed their applicability towards ionizable organic chemicals. Using quantitative and qualitative criteria we selected the 'best' QSPRs for sorption, (a)biotic degradation, and bioconcentration. The results indicate that many suitable QSPRs exist, but some critical knowledge gaps remain. Specifically, future focus should be directed towards the development of QSPR models for biodegradation in wastewater and sediment systems, direct photolysis and reaction with singlet oxygen, as well as additional reactive intermediates. Adequate QSPRs for bioconcentration in fish exist, but more accurate assessments can be achieved using pharmacologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models. No adequate QSPRs exist for bioconcentration in non-fish species. Due to the high variability of chemical and biological species as well as environmental conditions in QSPR datasets, accurate predictions for specific systems and inter-dataset conversions are problematic, for which standardization is needed. For all QSPR endpoints, additional data requirements involve supplementing the current chemical space covered and accurately characterizing the test systems used.


I'm new to the art of brewing beer, and so far, all of the beer I've brewed has a cider taste to it. Wether I go from homebrew kits (i.e. Coopers, Geordie, etc) or from using kits that don't require any sugar additions (all grain kits), the end result is either a sweet tasting or plainly cider-like beer. I even started utilizing non-hopped malt extracts, that require the boiling of hops and grain malts additions, with liquid 'Brewer's Yeast' with a better result, but still with that cider taste.
Don't know what to do. Any advice on how I could create a blonde beer that does not taste like limonaid?
Try searching this website, it's specifically for homebrewers and there is alot of info there.
Off the cuff, I can suggest two things, sugar and water.
2) Blonde beer is very difficult, as the water properties can be more noticable. You'll need to consult some homebrew books on water and compare your own water.
It sounds to me like you could have an acetaldehyde problem.
Any one of these factors could be responsible.
In order to lose this flavor in your beer you will want to maintain a consistent primary fermentation temperature ( depending on the style of beer Ales vs Lagers).
Make sure your vessels are properly vented so that the co2 can escape.
Consider your aeration method and see if it can't be improved.
And be sure to practice extreme cleanliness.
Thanks for the response guys! For the record, I only use corn sugar (liquid or powder), changed detergents, went to open primary fermentation; the only thing I haven't check is the properties of the bottled water I buy (changed supplier twice also!).
Could it be linked with the fact that I use malt extracts? One of the all-grain kits I've tried is the Brewhouse, where you only need to add water. No better!!
Your biggest mistake is using corn sugar. That may have been appropriate back in the day but, now you have better options. Light Dry Malt Extract would be better - but will lead to a fuller flavoured beer.
Your yeast go in and blitz out on the corn sugar, fermenting away quickly, but not quite like they should. A brew with more fermentables derived from malt will provide a more round flavour with less off taste. Temperature control is key in the case of your beer.
The other thing is, if you're using malt tins that are more than a year from production - which is entirely possible given the shipping distances of Geordie & Coopers - your fermentables will suffer for it. The malt extract does not like being canned - a reaction occurs that causes more and more of the malt sugars to be unfermentable while the malt sits on the shelf.
Being formerly employed in a shop that sold Brewhouse kits, I can safely say that they're wonderful stuff. Take that with whatever grain of salt you want, but they're consistent & ferment very well due to being an All-Grain Wort. Check the Batch code on the beer style sticker before purchase. If you call the people at RJ Spagnol's, they'll arm you with the info you need to purchase those kits FRESH (as close to the packing date as possible).
That said, corn sugar is great for bottling - you get a quick complete re-ferment in the bottle. And at 3/4 - 1 cup - you'd be hard pressed to taste it in the brew.
I used proper dextrose and kept the brew temp at a constant 22-24C (in range for ale yeast).
When you say "I only use corn sugar " or "I used proper dextrose", do you mean in the wort itself during fermentation, or as a priming sugar for bottle conditioning? I've seen homebrew kits that specify adding non-malt sugars during fermentation, but you won't get a good result from that approach.
As a priming sugar, it shouldn't be a problem.
I agree with kdonohue10 and rudge75 that fresh ingredients, good aeration, sanitation and temperature control are things that'll make or break your beer.
Yep, this is Probrewer.com. However, I think most if not all of us made our first batches of beer at home. You were a homebrewer first, weren't you?
I'm glad to be able to help anyone who wants to brew good beer, whether it be in their kitchen or in some state-of-the-art commercial brewing facility.
It's not like this message board is using up a ton of bandwidth!
ok ok sorry. Just seems that there are a TON of hb related sites out there.
And if you want quick pro. grade advice you go to the best...Probrewer.com.
I could understand if "neophyte" was tying up bandwidth which is not the case.
Hey, Hoppy Beer to all!
Sorry guys if this is the wrong place.
I will be moving to a keg system soon.
I'll switch to a malt-sugar for my primary fermentation.
I've been using caster sugar for priming.


Westway Electronics Ltd., India's leading homegrownmanufacturing and trading company in the consumer durables category launches its newest range of Direct Cool series refrigerators specially in the North of India.
Westway Electronics, with an extensive range of LED Televisions, Air Coolers, Semi-Automatic Washing Machines, Air Purifiers and Bluetooth Smart Watches, will look at penetrating the Northern Market with the launch of the Direct Cool refrigerator series within the price range of INR 12000 to INR 15000.
The 190 litre refrigerator with a tropical compressor, an anti-rust body and icing technology facility will allow consumers to do a lot more and conserve energy as it has a 1 star energy rating.
Available in a premium wine red colour, the refrigerator has a high glossing finish.
Maintained by a pool of skillful experts, Westway has been able to have a strong hold in today's competitive market. The Direct Cool series will be one among the many that has been launched in this season proving remarkable quality products, making it a prime choice for customers.


The State Election Commission is ready for the presidential elections, its President, Oliver Derkoski, stated on Wednesday. Around five million euros will be spent. Most of the funds, around three million, will be used to compensate election boards, while the rest will be spent on transport and election material. 300,000 euros will be used for accommodation of the boards. Because of that, but also in order to remove suspicions over the voter list, the Commission is proposing an electronic vote and electronic data check-up. However, the proposal would not be for the presidential elections, but rather for some future ones.


Some of you old timers might remember Bashaw Productions - my brother and I have been making videos/films for years, learning and pushing towards a full fledged production company.
For school this past quarter we were both required to make music videos. If any of you are interested in checking some awesome bands (by some great christian friends I know), feel free to watch the videos! (There's plenty more where these come from).
BowAndArrow: Wow! Fantastic quality! I especially liked the "Beautiful Dream" video. You did a great job keeping all the subjects well lit while filming at nighttime. I enjoyed Eighteen by UnNailed as well (great color correction on that one). My only minor issue with it was some of the close-up shots of their faces were a little too close for my liking.
Well, here's my most recent film: a Calculus-themed CSI Parody that I directed, edited and produced for my calculus class at school. It was the biggest production I ever worked on, with more than a dozen people, but it was thrown together in literally 1 week so I didn't have time to do extra-fancy things. (The last two days were spent frantically editing! ) Still, I'm happy with how it came out given my constraints.
Wow, AWESOME job on the Calculas video! Great music, mood and fast editing - it kept my attention. Are you interested in videomaking or filmmaking as a career? You should be If you don't mind me asking, where did you get the animated symbol graphics and such? Also, what editing program do you use? Great job!
Thanks BowAndArrow! I am interested in filmmaking as a career, I plan to study mass communications in college. I got the animated graphics from www.youtube.com/SpaklesXD and I use Final Cut Express.
I checked out your YouTube channel and subscribed, you have some great stuff there. What program(s) do you use to edit?
Thanks! It's a learning process - some of our YouTube stuff is 5 or 6 years old now haha I usually use Sony Vegas but have been using Adobe Premiere at school, which I love.
BowAndArrow: Are Sony Vegas & Adobe Premiere really complicated programs? I'm looking for a free Video program that's a step up from Windows Movie Maker, but not to mind boggling. I've downloaded Lightworks 10.0.4.2, but it's too difficult, I had no idea what the tutorial's were talking about.
MinotaurforAslan: I really like you video, it's very very good! What's Final Cut Express like?
Here's a little fanvideo/music video I had made a few months ago. It's nothing really special, but I think it turned out okay, for me, anyway.
Any c or cc (the good, the bad, or the ugly! ) much appreciated.
Premiere and the pro version of Vegas can both be used for professional work.
If you're looking for a step up from Windows Movie Maker, I recommend the Home version of Sony Vegas (or Studio, as they call it now) I used it after outgrowing Movie Maker five years ago, and it's excellent. It's not dumbed down at all and really makes you comfortable with video editing. It's very cheap too! I found version 9 on Amazon for 20 bucks. That version was released in 2010, so it's still very recent. I used version 6 to start with, and it's still great, except it doesn't work with HD video. Or you can always get the newest version (version 11) for 50 bucks or so.
Thanks BowAndArrow. It sounds really nice, but I was looking for something more in the free price range. Do they have a demo or trail version?
darkhorseD: Sounds good, is this something you need to download or buy?
AslansChild they do have links where you can download a free version of Sony Vegas but it's a very hard process. I have Sony Vegas Studio version 11 and it is fantastic and worth every dollar and penny.
My recent video on youtube is a little mini story of a novel I've been working on for a while and I still don't want to give away any plots. Some scenes I got off youtube by using vdownloader so some scenes are a little chopped up.
darkhorseD I just got VideoPad recently, it's really nice. Very simple to understand, you don't need to be a brain surgeon to use it.
DamselJillPole Thanks for your input, I guess I'd just have to buy it sometime. Sounds like a good buy though!
I agree Honestly, when we're talking about excellent video editing software, 10-20 bucks is next to nothing.
Here's my most recent short film, guys! I'd love to know what you think! Its an action-packed 15 minute short set in a dystopian near future. I wrote, directed, shot, and edited it myself on a Panasonic GH2 and Sony Vegas for a budget of less than $800.
Its somewhat violent, but not gratuitously so. Maybe a mild PG13 level. It also has a very explicitly Christian message. I hope you guys enjoy it! Let me know what you think!
Hey guys! I made an entry for the Doritos "Crash the Superbowl" ad competition this year! Check below and if you like it, please vote on it by following the link at the bottom of this message!


We have five Painted Lady butterflies. And we missed every one of them coming out of the cocoons. And all but one did it while we were close, just not watching. Two made their appearance while the kids were napping and I was doing chores one afternoon. And two others showed up Friday morning while I was working at the kitchen table and the kids were watching "Curious George 2."
After another day or two of watching them and feeding them sugar water on paper towels and orange slices, we're going to let them go.