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This surrealistic style painting was inspired by a scene looking towards Sooke with the unusal and seldom seen lenticular clouds floating over the Sooke Hills. This work was dedicated to the memory of my dear artist friend and mentor Bill Skuce who passed away in Feb 2015.
For this painting, I was honored to receive the People's Choice Award for the Sooke Fine Art Show of 2016.


Noun / Extreme fear of or aversion to the use of plastic.
This was the title of the project, the theme of the exhibition. Sponsored by High Commission of Canada and City Developments Limited, Canadian photographer Benjamin Von Wong teamed up with Laura Francois and Imaginator Studio to create this art installation in conjunction of Singapore's Year Toward Zero Waste.
I got to know about Benjamin's work few years back, I remembered the first image that caught my attention was "Salvation", the picture with a tattooed man breathing fire out of his mouth. Since then, I started to follow his work. The storm chasing series was refreshing to me, and then followed by a series of environment related project, such as Shark Shepherd, Mad Max meets Trump's America, Mermaids Hate Plastic, Rethink Recycle Revive, Truckload of Plastics, and most recently, Strawpocalypse.
Globally, less than 10% of plastics are recycled.
Next, Plastikophobia. When I found out that Benjamin will be in Singapore to carry out his next project and requires volunteers to help out, I signed myself up to be one of the volunteers in bringing this project to life. After a few communications and simple briefing sessions through Facebook group, the storyboard was ready and it's time to kickstart. The whole project was divided into a few phases: plastic cups collection, plastic cups cleaning, structure and wooden frame fabrication, installation of plastic cups on the structure and installation of lightings. I was involved in the plastic cups cleaning and installation phase for most. It has been an intense work and race against the time to ensure everything will be ready for the launch on 7 March 2019.
Cup collections started earlier by other volunteers, searching through food courts and eateries. We managed to get some help from local authorities and food courts management. There were of course push-backs from people to assist in providing or allowing us to collect the cups. Nevertheless, we managed to get all the cups we needed to build the installation. Altogether we have collected 18,000 cups from 26 different food courts.
Next, we brought the dirty cups back to workshop at Bukit Batok and had them cleaned and rinsed. Meanwhile, Benjamin and Joshua Goh from Imaginator Studio worked on the final design of the installation. Cups were all cleaned in two days after the massive effort by all volunteers.
I wasn't involved in the next phase where the design was finalised and wooden frames were constructed to house the cups. The general concept was to create a cavern that will lead you in and give you a sense of impact that you are being crushed by the plastic cups. Hence, structures were made in various size and width in order to provide the sense of compression.
Once the structures were done, cups started to be glued on top of it. When the base layer was done, the structures were transported to Sustainable Singapore Gallery at Marina Barrage for final installation and completion.
During this phase, I was managed to join back the team and continued on to complete the whole art installation. This includes sticking additional layers of cups on top of the base layer to create volume, routing the LED lights and some final adjustment to the whole art installation. After much sweat, blood and tears, finally the installation was completed on 3 March 2019 and the promo shoot was able to be scheduled and done on the next day. The official opening was held on 7 March 2019, hence there were a few days to run some final checks on the lightings and structures.
There were a lot of ups and downs throughout the whole span of project. There were times when we were off schedule and felt panic, there were times when we had so much fun chatting and discussing on the project concept, and there were times when things just went wrong and everyone started to pull whatever resources they have in order to get things moving again. It's not an easy task to be commissioned for a photography and art assignment like this, and Benjamin has managed to keep his coolness and delivered the final result.
Over 1,500 cups were used in a day at a food court. More than half of them were not even take-aways.
That's the statistic. Personally I tried not to order drinks outside, as I know most of the time they will serve you with single-use plastic cups. Most of the time I will just order hot drinks instead. Hence, this project really resonates with me and I really hope that the message we are trying to bring across is clear. One of the struggle we talked about during the project was that "educational" exhibition will be too boring, that's the reason why Benjamin is fusing art into his message. However, we do know that it might dilute the true message behind.
It was a really fascinating experience for me to be part of this project, and I do learned a lot throughout the process. I feel honoured to be able to be part of the volunteers and made this happened. Hopefully this project will be able to raise awareness on the issues of over reliance on single-use plastic in our current world. If you want to know more about this project and take a look at the art installation itself, feel free to make your way to Sustainable Singapore Gallery, Marina Barrage, Singapore. I hope you will enjoy the Plastikophobia installation together with exhibition of other works from Benjamin within the gallery. The exhibition will run from 7 March 2019 until 18 April 2019, admission is free.
"I feel happy for you for being able to be with someone you love, get married, and live happily ever after." Said by someone who is single.
"You know what? I envied you for being single and live the life freely as you want!" Replied by someone who is married.
More often than not, we will come across conversation like this, or similar to this. As the old saying goes, "Grass is greener on the other side", we will always admire what others have and forgot to appreciate what we owned. Same goes to life, same goes to everything else. Friends, family, job, wealth, health, job, gadgets… you name it.
I wonder why? Is it because we always compare ourselves with others in order to benchmark and see if we are living our life well? Is it because we feel insecure, we feel lost, hence we need to see what others do in order to guide ourselves through? Is it because we are not happy with what we have at the moment, hence we want to search for an answer from people around us? Or is it we simply don't know how to appreciate what we have?
I'm not a saint. I do always ponder about why others are "better" than me in this and that, I do always admire how others live their life, I am guilty as well on this regards. But… what's next? I think the attitude towards how you are going to react to this is more important. Are you going to just sit there and "admire" forever? Are you going to just complaint about why your life is not as good? Or are you going to do something about it?
It's something that I'm trying to learn as well at the moment, and hopefully master it in the future. Perhaps first off I need to learn to appreciate more on what I have, this is certainly something that I'm lacking on. Next, if what I have is really not enough, then I'll need to take some action to make things better. I'm not too worry on this, as I have always been quite adaptive and work hard for things I wanted.
Learn to appreciate, do more and complaint less… perhaps this may not be the answer to all, but this is probably what I'm going to practice and learn for the days to come. Grass may not always be greener on the other side.
Netflix has released a new series titled "Tidying up with Marie Kondo". Marie Kondo is well known for her methodology in tidying up spaces, and she has been quite famous in the East with social media presence and her book titled "The life-changing magic of tidying up". This series has brought her fame to the Western world, and of course, one can expect a whole lot of buzz about her recently.
There were those who thank her as they regained their life by tidying up their home using the KonMari method. And there were those who cast doubt on her and gave their opinion about her method. Well, I'm not exactly a fan of her, though I do get to know about her technique quite awhile ago. Some of them were applied in my life and I found them to be useful, and my quality of life has improved because of that. Less clutter, less junk at home, leading to a better living environment. What's not great about it?
Well, there are those who are skeptical about her method, and I feel that it's okay to disagree on her method. For me, when I was learning her method, I try to take in everything taught by her, and then I'll start to think and make sense of them, and I'll interpret them and apply them in a way that works for me. I won't follow everything blindly. The same goes to other knowledge and learnings, such as photography skills.
The common responds I saw online are those who dismissed the method all together without even trying to understand further, or even giving it a try. And there are those who said her method is toxically encouraging people to throw away stuffs, hence creating more problems than solving. This is where I started to have doubt on whether people do think about something while they are learning them?
Take my case for example, when I tidied stuff from my home and plan to get rid of them, the first thing that came to my mind was whether these items are of any use for others? Some items can actually be sold through channels like ebay or any other local forums, while some items I will post on my social platform and ask if any of my friends actually need it, if yes I will just gave it to them. Lastly, I'll look for channels where I can actually donate the items to, especially for items such as clothings that can still be used. A lot of time, only few items will end up in the dustbin.
If you only watched the first episode of the series and start commenting… well I guess it just shows how shallow your thinking could be. I'm not defending the KonMari method or whatsoever, I just find these comments… a little stupid. Yes it seems to shown that people are just throwing away stuff in the video, but if you can't make sense out of information you received, you probably can't make sense in your comment either. The same goes to many other incidents or topics that has been discussed over the internet lately.
I'm not the smartest people in the world, so above is just my opinion and thoughts. Well, I could be wrong, but it's always good to have thoughtful exchange of opinions which will spark thinking and learning, rather than just slamming on social media for the likes and shares. Till then.


Paul could ball position be a factor in hooking and slicing to some degree. Thanks for the tip nice to be able to fix your swing fast.
That is going to affect the direction. Your wrists affect the spin. Too far back = push. Too far forward = pull.
As a lefty, I'm pretty sure my grip remains fairly neutral but do,too often for my liking,hook or even pull hook shots to the right.
Sometimes I have the feeling of taking it back too quickly on the inside on the backswing and also everything a bit too fast and rushed.
Would this combination also promote my hooks?
These recent series of tips are absolutely spot on in understanding what causes all the common bad shots and how to rectify them.
If you are hooking without trying to hook it your grip is too strong. If you think it's neutral and you still get these hooks you are changing your grip as you take it back.
Check you hand position so they are not too far ahead of the ball. Then video your swing or do a close up of your grip. If you are moving it you will see yourself do it as you take it back. I used to do this so I know it very well.
Once you see yourself doing it, place the neutral grip on the club and don't twitch or wiggle in any way before you take it back. This take immense concentration. Take a look.
Hi Paul, this is a problem I struggled with. I'd set a neutral grip at address but, unconsciously, just before I started my backswing my right hand would regroup to a strong position. The pro at my local club suggested putting double-sided sticky tape on the club's grip and this certainly helped me to stop the re-gripping. I'm not sure I'll ever completely eliminate it, so it's something I keep a close eye on.
Been there many years ago. To fix it I placed my grip on the club and with immense concentration, I focused on not twitching, wiggling of moving it in any way before I took it back. No matter where you hit it, you need to do at least 30 in a row to get used to the new grip. This is the problem. You are not doing enough in a row to master it. I just fixed a student the other day doing this.
If you have been a lifelong drawer of the ball, you will blow it right if you fix the grip. This shot is the second flaw (sway) showing up. You then have to focus on turning to hit it dead straight. Most people see a few shots go right and quit. If you are determined you can fix it but it takes immense concentration.
This way you will not be pressing the club in any way. Press it too far forward and you will grip on the side of the club.
Thanks Paul, I'll certainly try bouncing the club at address. I suspect I'm also guilty of having my hands too far forward at address (as per your video). As you say, until this is fixed it makes diagnosis quite difficult.


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Jaltocan kan syfta på:

Geografi

Mexiko

 Jaltocan, Hidalgo, ort, Jaltocán,
 Jaltocan, Puebla, ort,
 Jaltocán (kommun i Mexiko), Hidalgo,

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


CHI: The southside Chi homie's name G-Ball tells you everything you need to know about his music. G B.A.L.L means Growing Beyond Life's Limitations. Upon 1st listen you'll notice the ridiculously dope production that sounds like someone beating drums in the jungle by Flawless Tracks. Then you'll appreciate G's high energy flow complementing the beat. Very motivational music!
He says "This song is my theme song, it encompasses how I feel about doing music and how I feel about where the game is in terms of most of the major label artist that are being pushed. This song is me I RAP, I HUSTLE, and I'm doing my best to TAKE CARE of mine and the game"
My flow so sick it's a illness.


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Different shapes of diamonds will compliment your hand in unique ways . For instance, a diamond that is mounted will make your finger appear slimmer. On the other hand, three stone rings are often better suited for shorter fingers. Not all styles will suit your hand. Therefore in Cape Canaveral , determine what works best for you and your partner.
Getting the right diamond rings in Cape Canaveral is certainly a breathtaking experience. With the right pick, both you and your partner can enjoy its brilliance and shine many years to come. When seeking diamonds, have an idea of your budget to determine the quality of diamond in your range and try on as many rings as you to ensure you know what you like. Shop wisely.
Not all sellers provide diamond grading laboratory records (aka diamond quality reports) to their consumers. So my general advice to you is to maintain your loan in your pocket when handling such jewelry experts.
A lab record is an independent examination of the 4Cs of a loose diamond and also consists of a plotted diagram of the stone's clearness characteristics and also a graphic depiction of the stone's proportions. Having such a report allows you to compare rubies of different qualities and also eventually aids you make an even more informed acquiring decision.
A merchant may cut corners and not supply a laboratory record or an underhanded vendor could give a phony one as a result of the moment, difficulty and also expenditure he'll birth to obtaining a rock rated.
Yeah - there is a rate for rating a ruby (though that cost is at some point paid by the consumer), plus the delivery as well as insurance costs for sending the ruby to the lab. And also let us not neglect the chance expense of a jewelry expert not having the ruby in his shop to buy for a couple of weeks while the grading occurs.
Yes, all ruby high quality reports are not developed equivalent. Within the market, it is an agreement that the two leading laboratories are GIA-GTL (Gemological Institute of The U.S.A.'s Gem Trade Laboratory) and the AGS (American Treasure Culture Laboratories).
The GCAL (Gem Qualification and Guarantee Lab) also uses extremely related to records or "ruby certificates" as they are described by GCAL. The GIA has the greatest worldwide track record for self-reliance and uniformity. As a result of their constant shade as well as clearness strictness guidelines, the world's largest and also most costly rubies have been sent there for grading years. In 2006, GIA-GTL added a two-dimensional cut grading system for round fantastic diamonds.
AGS utilizes the most strict cut criteria in the market. It uses a three-dimensional light performance metric that can grade numerous ruby shapes. Actually, it is the only cut grading system that is acknowledged by the clinical area.
Just what is more, its Diamond High quality Record makes use of a special as well as proprietary 0 to 10 grading system to evaluate the 4 Cs - a system which is less complicated to comprehend than GIA's grading system. In fact, AGS even goes the extra action by corresponding their 0-10 rating scale to various other types of score. As an example, the traditional VS1 diamond clearness rating is a 3 on the AGS Ruby High Quality File.
1. Diamond grading is not standardized or regulated and therefore you may encounter rate 2 laboratories that employ looser standards to the rate 1 grading laboratories stated above. If you purchase a ruby that has actually been rated by a tier 2 lab, you could wind up paying much more for a lower top quality ruby. So for instance, a diamond ranked a "F" in shade at a tier 2 lab could get a G, H, or lower color ranking at an extra reputable laboratory. The sector likewise discounts diamonds rated by minimal known labs by regarding 15-30% or even more. So either you just acquire a ruby rated by a tier 1 laboratory or you approve that you might be purchasing a lower top quality ruby than what is specified on the record if that diamond is graded by a lesser well-known laboratory.
2. Numerous large store have big contracts with minimal known labs with "softer" ruby grading guidelines. Several of these softer laboratories placed "recommended substitute worths" on the laboratory records - worths which are above exactly what shops plans offer the diamonds for. So a salesman in a store could claim to you, "Take a look at the fantastic deal you are obtaining right here. We are marketing you this ruby interaction ring for $2500 but the report claims that the recommended substitute value is $4000." Wow - exactly what a deal - NOT! This is why it is better that you rely on just independent tier 1 laboratories.
Additionally remember that trustworthy diamond rating reports are not assessments and also do not offer appraisal numbers. Ruby appraisals are commonly blatantly filled with air and also are not something you'll wish to count on.
"It is wrong to state that students, graduates, their organisations, or certain gems are "certified" by GIA. The Gemological Institute of America does not license anyone or anything. Neither a pupil neither a grad that has been granted a certificate or diploma, nor a gem which has actually been rated or recognized by GIA has actually been certified by GIA".
So it is possible that you the customer is left holding the bag ought to an error in a record is later on found. Courts have actually frequently ruled that sellers, not laboratories, are accountable for such errors. Why? Because the labs suggested in advance that their records couldn't be held responsible.
A. You could fly to India where jewelry experts supply a life time buyback plan to their consumers. As well costly to fly?
B. You could locate among the 20% of US jewelers who offer fully bound diamonds. These are diamonds that are sold with lifetime damage, life time trade-in as well as life time buyback policies.
C. Not as excellent a treatment as buying a completely bound ruby but you can purchase a ruby that comes with a real "certification" and not a report. "Qualified rubies do come with guaranties" albeit for shorter periods.
Qualification Some vendors refer to a "diamond report" as a "certified diamond" but technically this is not correct. From a lawful viewpoint, a diamond report is a merely a skilled opinion though in reality, facets of a diamond rating record are not just point of views.
For instance, a ruby's carat (weight) could be accurately established along with its cut grade by determining its optical efficiency or by referring to a computer system version. A certification on the other hand is a declaration of fact - a file for which the company approves lawful responsibility and also will certainly make restitution to the customer for blunders.
Some leading diamond grading laboratories provide both reports and also certificates. AGS supplies Ruby Top quality Files (non-certified reports) as well as Ruby Quality Certificates. Ruby High quality Certifications are prepared specifically for AGS retail jewelry experts and also uses guaranties from getting involved American Gem Culture member stores.
GCAL accredits it's diamond grading additionally. Its 100% money-back guarantee plan is valid for a duration of 2 years from the day on the suitable certificate. This plan makes sure the accuracy of the cut, color and also quality grades as well as the carat weight.
A record or certificate must will have a number on it that could or may not be engraved on a diamond. You will certainly have the ability to go into that number on the website of the licensing lab to examine a report's credibility.
The Record #. This number is given as well as taped in a laboratory's document and might or may not be engraved on a diamond's girdle. You can enter the report number on a grading lab's site to check the credibility of the ruby top quality report or to get even more details regarding the diamond. Forming & Element Design: This is the summary and also the reducing style used for the facet plan. There are 3 fundamental aspect designs - "fantastic cut, action cut and blended reducing style" as well as 12 fundamental forms which consist of notables such as rounded fantastic and princess cut" rubies.
Dimensions: This describes dimension (not weight) of a diamond. Size includes dimensions such as size, width, weight and also diameter. A dimension is generally noted to the hundredth of a millimeter. Dimensions play a big duty in how a diamond shines.
Carat Weight: The weight of a diamond is determined to the hundredth of a carat weight as well as some also provide such action to the thousandth of a carat weight (1.123 ct.). Carat is the most unbiased as well as the easiest to comprehend of the 4Cs because all one needs to do is weight the rock. Shade Grade: This tells you the level of shade lack in the diamond. The much less color the higher the quality.
Rubies are normally graded from D-Z; the closer to "D" the whiter the diamond. You ought to never see ruby shade range such as (G-H, I-J-K, and also so on) on a diamond report. You need to only see shade arrays on evaluations for rocks that are placed.
Clarity Quality: Practically every ruby has internal blemishes called inclusions and outside flaws called blemishes. A ruby is graded according to the size, kind, location as well as quantity of these problems.
Clarity qualities range from Flawless (FL) - Included. Labs use a couple experts to grade the clarity of a diamond in order to develop an extra accurate analysis.
Cut Quality: Extra recent diamond records include a cut quality for basic round brilliant rubies. Cut considers the sparkle, fire and scintillation of the diamond. Cut grade varies from Outstanding - Poor.
Various other elements you may come across on a diamond record include the gloss, symmetry, fluorescence as well as proportion. Armed with this info, you are better able to make an evaluation of the top quality of diamond that is mounted in an engagement ring.
To start our attribute on various sorts of gems, we will certainly start with the most effective as well as most well recognized gems of them all the ruby. The ruby is the ultimate gems. It has few weaknesses as well as several strengths. It sparkles with its amazing worth as well as sentimental worth. It is used in wedding celebration rings to represent limitless love or utilized as gifts/jewelry to be offered to enjoyed ones. But the diamond is a lot even more than its timeless charm.
The ruby obtains its name from the Greek work adamas suggesting unbeatable. In firmness, there is no comparison. The diamond prices in the Mohs range a 10 which is the hardest material in the world. Its reducing resistance is 140 times that of the ruby as well as sapphire, the gems(Diamond) that are following in the Mohs scale in solidity. The diamond's optical homes such as radiance as well as rigidity make it unique and also conveniently distinguished from various other replicas. Enjoy!
The first taped diamond dates back around 800 B.C. in India. Some think it also went back 6,000 years earlier. The rubies were used as attractive purposes as well as also as amulets to prevent evil and give defense in battle. During the Dark Ages, diamonds were even stated to be utilized as a medical aid. Spiritual doctors even informed patients that if they hold a ruby in a hand as well as make the indication of the cross would certainly, it would treat and also disease and recover wounds.
Rubies ended up being a lot more popular during the 19th century due to discovery of ruby down payments in South Africa. This discovery brings about increased supply, improved cutting as well as brightening strategies, and development in economic climate. In 1979, geologists discovered the Argyle pipe in Australia which to this date is the wealthiest ruby down payment worldwide. Argyle, ever since, alone is accountable for providing over one third of the world's diamonds annually.
Rubies includes an allotrope of carbons that are formed in high-pressure, high-temperature problems. Diamonds are generated 90 miles under the Planet's surface area at temperatures of concerning 2200 levels Fahrenheit. Rubies are developed deep within the planet as well as ultimately, over incredibly extended periods of time, press their method to the planet's surface area, usually through volcanic eruptions.
The age of these diamonds from underneath the surface of the earth are from 1 to 3.3 billion years old! When diamonds are formed and begin their ascent to the planet's surface area, they undergo channels where the magma from the volcano rises to the surface, getting rubies along the road and also ultimately transferring them on the surface, where they are eventually found and also extracted.
There are four unique qualities that determine the value and also high quality of a diamond. These are the color, cut, quality and also carat. Or else called the 4 C's of a diamond. In the adhering to, we will certainly talk regarding these attributes thoroughly.
The cut a ruby is identified by the ruby's percentage such as its form, width and deepness. The cut determines exactly what is called the ruby's "luster". Even if the ruby itself has ideal shade and clearness, with a bad cut the diamond will have a plain radiance. This is because the cut figures out exactly how light travels within the diamond. The Gemological Institute of The U.S.A. has likewise designed a quality grading system to rank diamond clearness. This grading system includes Flawless (Fl), Internally Perfect (IF), Really Really Slightly Consisted Of (VV1 or VV2), Really Somewhat Included(VS1 or VS2), A Little Included(SI1 or SI2), and also Consisted Of(I1, I2, and I3). Although this system had been contributed to the diamond sector, it is not commonly utilized. This results from that it took a great deal of practice and training to integrate it.
The cut a ruby is established by the ruby's proportion such as its form, size and also deepness. The cut identifies what is called the diamond's "sparkle". Even if the ruby itself has best shade and clarity, with a poor cut the ruby will certainly have a boring luster. This is because the cut establishes just how light trips within the diamond.
There are 3 types of cuts that can identify the diamond's luster. These are a shallow cut, a cut that is too deep and also optimal cut. A shallow cut is a cut of a diamond that is also reduced, that light traveling with it is lost on the base of the rock as well as does not return right into sight. This cut makes a diamond appear drab as well as dull. A cut that is unfathomable is a cut that is too expensive, that light taking a trip with it runs away with the sides and also darkens the stone. A suitable cut is a perfect cut on a diamond that shows light to the top of the stone, giving it ideal luster.
As mentioned on the last e-newsletter, a solitary carat(ct) evaluates concerning 200 milligrams or.2 grams. For smaller sized carat rubies that evaluate much less compared to a carat, it is revealed as points (pt). Factors are 1/100 of a carat weight. Carat weight of a diamond is crucial as a result of the truth that larger rubies are rarer than smaller ones, so primarily the bigger the ruby the a lot more expensive it is. There is no typical grading system or representation that could reveal different carat weight. This is because there are a lot of variants of rubies fit and also cut, that makes stones of comparable weight, look different.
Given that diamonds are the most beneficial and rarest of all the gemstones, efforts have actually been made to duplicate or perhaps boost rubies utilizing much less expensive options. A great deal of times, sincere blunders have been made as well as these alternatives or various other gemstones such as spinel were occasionally puzzled with real diamonds. In many cases, some dishonest individuals aim to sell these choices to misfortunate purchasers in order to earnings. Below we will go over concerning these alternatives and ways to recognize them.
Synthetic diamonds are rubies that are grown manufactured in a lab. The initial recognized situations of diamond synthesis were declared to be recorded between 1879 - 1928, yet this was never ever verified. It had not been until the 1940's where research started in the United States, Sweden, Soviet Union began investigating. Artificial rubies are or else recognized as High Pressure Heat (HPHT) diamonds or Chemical Vapor Down Payment (CVD) diamonds. The name of both these artificial diamonds obtains from the procedures used to produce them. Some of these artificial rubies might either have higher, minimal or similar qualities than that of a ruby. For that reason, these artificial diamonds are made use of for abrasives, cutting and also polishing devices, as well as changes in power plant.
Simulants are non-diamond compounds that are made use of to replicate the look or even the shape of a diamond. One of the most fundamental and also well understood simulant is cubic zirconia (CZ). CZ at plain view could sparkle even more than a ruby as well as it is less dense, implying that a 1 carat CZ will be much larger compared to a 1 carat ruby. Nowadays, a more preferred simulant is moissanite, which has all the same characteristics of a diamond. These qualities include hardness (Moissanite-9.25 as well as diamond-10 in Mohs range), refractive index(Moissanite -2.65 as well as diamond -2.42) and dispersion (Moissanite -.104 as well as diamond -.044). This makes it tough to set apart the two at simple view and also would certainly commonly need testers to inform the distinction. In the next section we will certainly review the best ways to recognize moissanites as well as various other imitations.
An old approach of recognizing rubies is to do a scratch test. This requires scratching a ruby with an additional ruby which is damaging and also is rarely used nowadays. The most effective and also most dependable method to evaluate for diamonds is to utilize testers that use thermal conductivity. These testers consist of battery powered thermistors placed with a retractable copper pointer. This tester functions by injecting the warmth into the tested stone then the device determines the amount of heat that it carries out. However thermal conductivity testers functions best to distinguish rubies as well as its various other simulants, it will certainly not help differentiate lab developed or synthetic rocks. To be able to recognize these, particular optical strategies are needed. Laboratories utilize techniques such as spectroscopy, microscopy and also luminescence in order to figure out a particular stones origin. The average individual could make use of loupes and microscopes to identify synthetic rocks. Natural diamonds generally have minor imperfections as well as problems such as additions or some kind of foreign material, which will certainly not be found in synthetics.
This is where things begin to get made complex. The methods utilized to quantitatively examine the top quality of a cut vary. The way the GIA establishes just what a ruby's cut grade need to be, for example, differs in very certain methods from the way other certifiers like the AGS do it. In most situations, these organizations don't divulge the exact details of the procedures they use.
The shape of a diamond additionally makes a difference with regard to just how its cut quality is established. Although there are some standard criteria that remain the very same for any kind of type of diamond, the specific methods used to quality a round ruby's cut are various from those made use of to quality a heart-shaped diamond's cut.
The rest of this description will concentrate on rounded rubies, as this is without a doubt the most common ruby form. One of the factors impacting the cut grade of a rounded diamond is the number of facets it has. Facets are the level, defined locations on the surface area of a diamond. The aspects on round rubies are generally triangular. Presently, it's assumed that the perfect round diamond should have 33 facets on the crown (the area of the diamond that rests above the band, which itself is the best factor of the ruby) and 25 on the structure (the lower, much longer area of the ruby). When there are imperfections externally of the diamond, cutters could include extra facets in order to cover them. This leads to a destruction in the total top quality of the cut.
While the facet matter is usually concurred upon as a great way of judging the quality of a ruby cut, there are various other points on which gemologists frequently differ. Several of the various other elements utilized by some authorities to assist determine cut qualities include the height of the diamond's crown, the deepness of the pavilion, the size of the table (the top of the crown), and also the angles of the crown as well as pavilion.
The American Criterion standard for rounded rubies calls for a crown elevation of 16.2%, pavilion deepness of 43.1%, as well as table size of 53% of the total girdle diameter. The Ideal Fantastic criteria, nonetheless, asks for 19.2% crown height, 40% pavilion deepness, and also 56.5% table size. While these distinctions may be tough for amateurs to discern, they are a great picture of the problems related to creating a simple evaluation of a diamond's cut.
Although there are some disputes as to the specific proportions that constitute the ideal diamond cut, for possible ruby buyers, one of the most essential point to recognize is that diamond accreditations offered by organizations like the AGS as well as GIA are reliable as well as purposeful. Reputable diamond vendors base the costs at which they get and also sell rubies on the cut in addition to the remainder of the "four Cs." When you acquire a ruby, you do not have to bother with the understanding of exactly what makes an excellent diamond cut transforming so a lot that the worth of your ruby will certainly be significantly affected.
Which kind of diamond is best for you largely depends on your budget. For purchasers who want to acquire them, suppliers normally suggest diamonds with the highest feasible cut grades. Nonetheless, this could result from some self-involvement on their part.
The other three Cs have an effect on ruby costs too, so it can be tough to assess the precise distinction in rate between a Suitable or Outstanding cut diamond as well as a Really Excellent cut. For informal purchasers and also budget-conscious investors alike, rubies with an Excellent or Excellent cut grade could stand for an outstanding worth. This is because, while they can be extra economical compared to otherwise comparable Suitable or Excellent cut rubies, the visible difference in top quality is marginal.
At the very same time, do not hesitate to utilize your discretion. If, as an example, you find a ruby with a Perfect reduced ranking which has excellent ratings in the various other classifications and also is still within your budget plan, then you should absolutely consider it, as long as you're dealing with a trustworthy vendor.
For centuries in Cape Canaveral , diamond has been used as an epitome of true love. It reflects love, affection, security, trust and a life long commitment. When you gift a diamond to a woman, let it be in the form of diamond engagement ring, you need not say the rest. It will make others understand that how much serious you are for her. It will portray your love in the best possible manner.
You can find a variety of diamond engagement rings at online jewelry stores in Cape Canaveral . These diamond engagement rings come in many shapes and styles. It is apt to choose diamond as the stone for these engagement rings because diamond is considered beautiful and it is also the hardest of all substances present on the earth. This is primarily the reason why people consider it ominous and feel that wearing diamond can bring same kind of good luck in their lives. This has made diamond engagement ring, diamond solitaire ring, designer engagement ring, diamond engagement ring platinum, discount diamond engagement ring a pre determined gift for those involved in love.
Then there are antique diamond rings in Cape Canaveral . These are also called Victorian rings. The designs of these rings are just like what was prevalent in the past. These diamond rings also look well if they go with some other stones. And if you want to give something priceless and sentimental to your lover, then you can gift her ancestral ring. Ancestral ring is the ring of your family, coming down since past. This ring must have been worn by your mother and grandmother. These rings are high in sentimental value and thus are considered priceless. Bit if you do not have such a family ring, then there is nothing to be upset over. You can buy for your fiancé or your wife unique engagement rings; who knows, one day; this ring can becomes an ancestral ring for your family.
To begin our attribute on different types of gemstones, we will begin with the most effective as well as most well recognized gemstone of them all the diamond. The ruby is the supreme gemstone. It has few weaknesses as well as numerous strengths. It glows with its phenomenal value and also nostalgic value. It is used in wedding rings to stand for limitless love or utilized as gifts/jewelry to be offered to liked ones. But the diamond is so much greater than its everlasting charm.
The diamond acquires its name from the Greek job adamas indicating unequalled. In firmness, there is no comparison. The ruby prices in the Mohs range a 10 which is the hardest substance in the world. Its cutting resistance is 140 times that of the ruby as well as sapphire, the gemstones(Corundum) that are next in the Mohs scale in firmness. The ruby's optical properties such as appeal and also inflexibility make it unique and also easily identified from various other replicas. Appreciate!
The very first taped ruby days back around 800 B.C. in India. Some believe it also dated back 6,000 years back. The rubies were used as attractive functions as well as additionally as talismans to prevent evil and also supply protection in fight. During the Dark Ages, diamonds were even stated to be used as a medical help. Spiritual medical professionals also informed individuals that if they hold a ruby in a hand as well as make the indication of the cross would, it would certainly cure as well as disease and also heal wounds.
Rubies became much more prominent throughout the 19th century due to discovery of diamond deposits in South Africa. This exploration results in raised supply, improved reducing and also polishing strategies, and also development in economy. In 1979, geologists discovered the Argyle pipeline in Australia which to this date is the wealthiest ruby down payment in the world. Argyle, ever since, alone is accountable for providing over one third of the world's rubies each year.
Rubies includes an allotrope of carbons that are formed in high-pressure, high-temperature conditions. Rubies are generated 90 miles under the Earth's surface area at temperature levels of about 2200 degrees Fahrenheit. Diamonds are created deep within the planet and also eventually, over extremely long periods of time, press their means to the earth's surface, typically through volcanic eruptions.
The age of these diamonds from below the surface area of the earth are from 1 to 3.3 billion years old! When rubies are formed and also start their ascent to the earth's surface area, they undergo channels where the lava from the volcano rises to the surface, getting rubies along the road and ultimately depositing them on the surface area, where they are eventually located as well as mined.
There are 4 distinctive attributes that establish the value and also top quality of a ruby. These are the shade, cut, quality and carat weight. Or else recognized as the 4 C's of a diamond. In the complying with, we will chat regarding these functions thoroughly.
The cut a diamond is determined by the diamond's percentage such as its form, width and depth. The cut determines what is called the ruby's "radiance". Even if the diamond itself has perfect shade and clearness, with a bad cut the diamond will have a plain sparkle. This is since the cut establishes how light journeys within the ruby. The Gemological Institute of America has actually additionally devised a quality grading system to rate ruby clarity. This grading system consists of Flawless (Fl), Inside Flawless (IF), Really Really Somewhat Consisted Of (VV1 or VV2), Very Somewhat Included(VS1 or VS2), Somewhat Included(SI1 or SI2), and Consisted Of(I1, I2, and I3). Although this system had been added to the diamond sector, it is not commonly made use of. This is because of that it took a great deal of practice as well as training to integrate it.
The cut a ruby is figured out by the diamond's percentage such as its shape, width as well as depth. The cut identifies what is called the ruby's "luster". Also if the ruby itself has perfect shade and quality, with an inadequate cut the ruby will certainly have a boring brilliance. This is since the cut identifies just how light trips within the ruby.
There are 3 kinds of cuts that could determine the diamond's luster. These are a superficial cut, a cut that is unfathomable and suitable cut. A superficial cut is a cut of a diamond that is too low, that light traveling through it is shed on the base of the stone and also does not return into view. This cut makes a ruby appear lifeless and boring. A cut that is also deep is a cut that is too expensive, that light traveling via it escapes via the sides and darkens the rock. An ideal cut is an ideal cut on a ruby that mirrors light to the top of the stone, offering it excellent radiance.
As mentioned on the last e-newsletter, a solitary carat(ct) evaluates about 200 milligrams or.2 grams. For smaller sized carat weight diamonds that consider much less compared to a carat, it is expressed as points (pt). Points are 1/100 of a carat. Carat weight of a diamond is very important due to the truth that bigger rubies are rarer compared to smaller ones, so primarily the larger the ruby the much more costly it is. There is no conventional grading system or representation that can show various carat weight. This is because there are numerous variants of diamonds fit and also cut, which makes rocks of similar weight, look various.
Because rubies are the most beneficial and rarest of all the gemstones, efforts have been made to duplicate and even enhance diamonds making use of much less costly alternatives. A great deal of times, truthful mistakes have been made and also these alternatives or other gems such as spinel were in some cases confused with genuine diamonds. In some instances, some dishonest individuals attempt to sell these choices to misfortunate buyers in order to profit. Below we will go over regarding these alternatives as well as ways to recognize them.
Artificial rubies are rubies that are grown produced in a lab. The very first recognized instances of diamond synthesis were declared to be documented between 1879 - 1928, yet this was never validated. It had not been up until the 1940's where research began in the United States, Sweden, Soviet Union began investigating. Artificial diamonds are otherwise recognized as High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) rubies or Chemical Vapor Deposit (CVD) rubies. The name of both these artificial diamonds stems from the procedures utilized to develop them. A few of these synthetic diamonds can either have greater, minimal or similar attributes than that of a diamond. For that reason, these artificial rubies are used for abrasives, cutting and also brightening devices, and switches in power plant.
Simulants are non-diamond substances that are made use of to reproduce the appearance or even the form of a diamond. The most basic as well as well recognized simulant is cubic zirconia (CZ). CZ at simple view can shimmer greater than a diamond as well as also it is much less dense, meaning that a 1 carat CZ will certainly be a lot bigger compared to a 1 carat ruby. Nowadays, a much more popular simulant is moissanite, which has just the same features of a ruby. These characteristics consist of solidity (Moissanite-9.25 and diamond-10 in Mohs range), refractive index(Moissanite -2.65 and also ruby -2.42) and diffusion (Moissanite -.104 and diamond -.044). This makes it difficult to set apart both at plain view and would often need testers to discriminate. In the following section we will talk about how to identify moissanites as well as other imitations.
An old method of identifying diamonds is to do a scrape examination. This requires damaging a diamond with an additional ruby which is devastating as well as is rarely made use of nowadays. The most effective and also most trustworthy method to test for rubies is to utilize testers that make use of thermal conductivity. These testers contain battery powered thermistors installed with a retracting copper idea. This tester works by injecting the warmth onto the examined stone then the device determines the quantity of warm that it carries out. Nevertheless thermal conductivity testers functions best to differentiate rubies and also its other simulants, it will not help identify laboratory produced or synthetic stones. To be able to recognize these, specific optical techniques are needed. Laboratories utilize strategies such as spectroscopy, microscopy and luminescence in order to figure out a specific rocks beginning. The typical individual could use loupes and also microscopic lens to differentiate artificial rocks. All-natural rubies usually have minor blemishes and also defects such as inclusions or some type of international material, which will certainly not be found in synthetics.
Not all sellers give ruby grading lab records (aka diamond high quality reports) to their consumers. So my basic suggestions to you is to maintain your cash in your pocket when handling such jewelry experts.
A lab report is an independent analysis of the 4Cs of a loosened diamond as well as includes an outlined diagram of the rock's quality qualities and a visuals depiction of the rock's percentages. Having such a record enables you to contrast rubies of various top qualities and ultimately aids you make an even more educated buying decision.
A merchant could reduce edges and not give a lab report or an underhanded seller might offer a fake one as a result of the moment, problem and also expenditure he'll bear to getting a rock rated.
Yeah - there is a rate for grading a ruby (though that expense is at some point paid by the consumer), plus the delivery and also insurance policy charges for sending out the diamond to the lab. And also allow us not forget the chance expense of a jeweler not having the diamond in his shop available for a couple of weeks while the grading occurs.
Yes, all diamond quality reports are not produced equivalent. Within the sector, it is an agreement that both leading labs are GIA-GTL (Gemological Institute of America's Gem Trade Lab) and also the AGS (American Treasure Culture Laboratories).
The GCAL (Treasure Accreditation and Assurance Lab) likewise supplies very regarded reports or "ruby certificates" as they are referred to by GCAL. The GIA has the strongest worldwide credibility for self-reliance and also uniformity. As a result of their consistent shade and quality strictness standards, the globe's biggest and also most pricey rubies have been sent out there for grading years. In 2006, GIA-GTL included a two-dimensional cut grading system for round great rubies.
AGS utilizes the strictest cut requirements in the market. It makes use of a three-dimensional light performance metric that could quality several ruby forms. In fact, it is the only cut grading system that is recognized by the clinical neighborhood.
What is more, its Ruby High quality Paper makes use of an one-of-a-kind as well as exclusive 0 to 10 grading system to assess the 4 Cs - a system which is much easier to understand than GIA's grading system. As a matter of fact, AGS even goes the additional action by corresponding their 0-10 rating range to various other types of score. For example, the traditional VS1 diamond clarity score is a 3 on the AGS Ruby Top Quality File.
1. Ruby grading is not standard or regulated as well as hence you might encounter tier 2 laboratories that utilize looser guidelines to the tier 1 grading labs pointed out above. If you acquire a diamond that has been rated by a tier 2 laboratory, you could wind up paying much more for a minimal quality ruby. So as an example, a ruby rated a "F" in color at a rate 2 laboratory could get a G, H, or lower color rating at an extra trusted lab. The industry also discounts rubies rated by minimal well-known laboratories by concerning 15-30% or even more. So either you only buy a diamond rated by a tier 1 lab or you approve that you might be acquiring a lower top quality ruby compared to what is mentioned on the report if that ruby is graded by a lesser recognized lab.
2. Numerous large chain stores have massive agreements with lesser known labs with "softer" ruby grading standards. A few of these softer labs put "suggested replacement worths" on the lab records - worths which are more than just what shops intends sell the diamonds for. So a salesperson in a store may say to you, "Check out the good deal you are obtaining right here. We are offering you this diamond engagement ring for $2500 yet the report claims that the recommended substitute worth is $4000." Wow - what a deal - NOT! This is why it is much better that you rely on just independent rate 1 laboratories.
Also bear in mind that reputable ruby grading records are not appraisals as well as do not provide assessment figures. Ruby assessments are typically blatantly filled with air as well as are not something you'll intend to depend on.
"It is inaccurate to state that trainees, graduates, their businesses, or particular gemstones are "certified" by GIA. The Gemological Institute of The U.S.A. does not certify any individual or anything. Neither a pupil neither a graduate that has been awarded a certification or diploma, neither a gem which has been rated or recognized by GIA has actually been accredited by GIA".
So it is feasible that you the consumer is left holding the bag needs to an error in a record is later found. Courts have actually regularly ruled that vendors, not labs, are in charge of such mistakes. Why? Due to the fact that the labs indicated beforehand that their records couldn't be held accountable.
A. You can fly to India where jewelers use a life time buyback plan to their customers. As well expensive to fly?
B. You can locate one of the 20% of US jewelry experts who offer totally adhered rubies. These are diamonds that are marketed with lifetime breakage, lifetime trade-in as well as life time buyback policies.
C. Not as great a remedy as purchasing a fully bound diamond but you might buy a diamond that has a real "certification" and not a record. "Certified diamonds do come with warranties" albeit for shorter durations.
Qualification Some sellers describe a "diamond report" as a "certified diamond" however technically this is not correct. From a lawful viewpoint, a diamond record is a simply a skilled viewpoint though in actuality, elements of a ruby grading record are not simply point of views.
For example, a ruby's carat (weight) could be precisely identified as well as its cut grade by gauging its optical efficiency or by referring to a computer system model. A certification on the other hand is a statement of truth - a paper for which the provider approves lawful obligation as well as will certainly make restitution to the consumer for mistakes.
Some leading diamond grading laboratories offer both records and certificates. AGS offers Ruby Top quality Records (non-certified reports) as well as likewise Ruby Quality Certificates. Diamond Top quality Certificates are ready exclusively for AGS retail jewelers as well as provides guaranties from getting involved American Treasure Culture member shops.
GCAL licenses it's ruby grading likewise. Its 100% money-back warranty plan stands for a duration of 2 years from the date on the appropriate certification. This policy makes certain the accuracy of the cut, shade and also clearness grades and also the carat weight.
A report or certificate ought to will have a number on it that might or may not be engraved on a ruby. You will certainly have the ability to enter that number on the site of the accrediting lab to check a record's credibility.
The Record #. This number is offered and also recorded in a lab's document as well as could or could not be inscribed on a diamond's girdle. You could go into the report number on a grading lab's site to examine the credibility of the diamond top quality report or to obtain more info concerning the diamond. Forming & Aspect Design: This is the overview and the reducing design utilized for the aspect plan. There are 3 fundamental aspect designs - "dazzling cut, action cut and also mixed reducing style" as well as 12 basic shapes which include notables such as rounded brilliant and also princess cut" rubies.
Measurements: This refers to dimension (not weight) of a ruby. Dimension consists of dimensions such as length, size, weight and also size. A measurement is usually provided to the hundredth of a millimeter. Measurements play a massive function in just how a ruby glows.
Carat Weight: The weight of a diamond is determined to the hundredth of a carat and some even offer such step to the thousandth of a carat (1.123 ct.). Carat is the most unbiased and also the easiest to recognize of the 4Cs because all one has to do is weight the rock. Shade Quality: This tells you the level of color lack in the diamond. The much less shade the higher the grade.
Rubies are commonly rated from D-Z; the closer to "D" the whiter the ruby. You need to never ever see ruby shade variety such as (G-H, I-J-K, as well as so on) on a diamond report. You must just see shade ranges on evaluations for rocks that are mounted.
Clearness Grade: Basically every diamond has interior blemishes called additions and exterior flaws called blemishes. A ruby is graded according to the dimension, kind, location and quantity of these problems.
Clarity grades vary from Perfect (FL) - Included. Labs utilize a pair experts to grade the clarity of a ruby in order to develop an extra accurate analysis.
Cut Grade: Extra current diamond reports include a cut quality for basic round brilliant rubies. Cut thinks about the sparkle, fire and scintillation of the ruby. Cut quality varies from Outstanding - Poor.
Various other aspects you may stumble upon on a diamond report include the gloss, proportion, fluorescence and percentage. Equipped with this details, you are much better able to earn an analysis of the top quality of diamond that is placed in an engagement ring.
To start our attribute on different kinds of gems, we will certainly begin with the very best and most well recognized gems of them all the ruby. The ruby is the ultimate gems. It has really couple of weak points and also many toughness. It sparkles with its phenomenal value and also nostalgic worth. It is made use of in wedding rings to represent countless love or made use of as gifts/jewelry to be offered to liked ones. Yet the diamond is so much more than its timeless appeal.
The ruby acquires its name from the Greek work adamas implying irresistible. In hardness, there is no contrast. The diamond prices in the Mohs scale a 10 which is the hardest compound on Planet. Its reducing resistance is 140 times that of the ruby and sapphire, the gemstones(Diamond) that are next in the Mohs scale in firmness. The diamond's optical properties such as appeal and rigidness make it special as well as easily differentiated from various other imitations. Appreciate!
The first videotaped ruby go back around 800 B.C. in India. Some believe it even dated back 6,000 years back. The rubies were made use of as decorative objectives as well as also as amulets to ward off wicked and offer protection in battle. Throughout the Dark Ages, rubies were even stated to be made use of as a clinical help. Religious physicians also told individuals that if they hold a ruby in a hand and also make the indication of the cross would, it would treat and also illness and also heal wounds.
Rubies ended up being a lot more preferred during the 19th century because of discovery of diamond deposits in South Africa. This exploration leads to boosted supply, enhanced reducing and also brightening methods, and also development in economic climate. In 1979, rock hounds discovered the Argyle pipe in Australia which to this date is the richest diamond down payment in the globe. Argyle, ever since, alone is in charge of providing over one third of the globe's diamonds yearly.
Rubies contains an allotrope of carbons that are created in high-pressure, high-temperature problems. Diamonds are produced 90 miles under the Planet's surface area at temperature levels of concerning 2200 levels Fahrenheit. Diamonds are created deep within the planet and at some point, over extremely lengthy durations of time, push their way to the earth's surface area, generally through volcanic eruptions.
The age of these diamonds from underneath the surface of the planet are from 1 to 3.3 billion years of ages! When rubies are developed and begin their ascent to the planet's surface area, they go with channels where the magma from the volcano rises to the surface area, getting rubies in the process and also ultimately transferring them on the surface, where they are ultimately located as well as extracted.
There are four unique characteristics that establish the worth and top quality of a diamond. These are the shade, cut, clearness and also carat weight. Otherwise referred to as the 4 C's of a ruby. In the following, we will certainly chat regarding these attributes thoroughly.
The cut a diamond is identified by the diamond's percentage such as its shape, width and also depth. The cut establishes just what is called the ruby's "radiance". Also if the diamond itself has perfect shade and also clearness, with a poor cut the diamond will have a plain sparkle. This is due to the fact that the cut determines how light journeys within the ruby. The Gemological Institute of America has actually likewise developed a clarity grading system to rank ruby clarity. This grading system includes Remarkable (Fl), Internally Flawless (IF), Really Very Somewhat Included (VV1 or VV2), Really A Little Included(VS1 or VS2), A Little Consisted Of(SI1 or SI2), as well as Consisted Of(I1, I2, and I3). Although this system had actually been added to the ruby sector, it is not commonly made use of. This is because of that it took a great deal of technique and also training to incorporate it.
The cut a diamond is identified by the diamond's percentage such as its form, width and deepness. The cut identifies exactly what is called the ruby's "luster". Also if the diamond itself has perfect color as well as clarity, with a bad cut the ruby will have a plain sparkle. This is since the cut establishes exactly how light journeys within the ruby.
There are 3 sorts of cuts that can establish the ruby's brilliance. These are a shallow cut, a cut that is also deep and also ideal cut. A superficial cut is a cut of a ruby that is too low, that light taking a trip via it is lost on the bottom of the rock as well as does not return right into view. This cut makes a ruby show up drab and also boring. A cut that is also deep is a cut that is also high, that light traveling via it leaves with the sides as well as darkens the stone. A suitable cut is a best cut on a diamond that mirrors light to the top of the stone, offering it excellent luster.
As mentioned on the last e-newsletter, a single carat weight(ct) evaluates concerning 200 milligrams or.2 grams. For smaller sized carat diamonds that consider much less compared to a carat, it is revealed as points (pt). Points are 1/100 of a carat weight. Carat weight of a ruby is essential as a result of the reality that bigger rubies are rarer than smaller sized ones, so primarily the larger the ruby the more expensive it is. There is no basic grading system or layout that could reveal different carat weight. This is because there are many variations of rubies in form as well as cut, that makes stones of similar weight, look different.
Considering that diamonds are the most important and also rarest of all the gemstones, initiatives have actually been made to duplicate or also boost diamonds making use of cheaper options. A great deal of times, honest errors have been made and also these options or other gemstones such as spinel were often confused with genuine rubies. Sometimes, some dishonest individuals try to offer these options to misfortunate purchasers in order to earnings. Below we will review regarding these alternatives and also methods to identify them.
Artificial diamonds are diamonds that are grown made in a research laboratory. The initial known instances of diamond synthesis were declared to be documented between 1879 - 1928, yet this was never validated. It had not been till the 1940's where research study began in the USA, Sweden, Soviet Union began looking into. Artificial rubies are or else called High Stress Heat (HPHT) diamonds or Chemical Vapor Down Payment (CVD) rubies. The name of both these artificial diamonds obtains from the processes used to produce them. A few of these artificial diamonds can either have better, lesser or similar qualities compared to that of a ruby. For that reason, these synthetic diamonds are made use of for abrasives, reducing and polishing tools, as well as switches in power plant.
Simulants are non-diamond substances that are used to duplicate the look or even the shape of a diamond. The most basic as well as well understood simulant is cubic zirconia (CZ). CZ at simple sight can shimmer greater than a ruby and additionally it is less thick, implying that a 1 carat weight CZ will be much bigger compared to a 1 carat weight diamond. Nowadays, a much more preferred simulant is moissanite, which has all the very same features of a ruby. These characteristics include solidity (Moissanite-9.25 and also diamond-10 in Mohs range), refractive index(Moissanite -2.65 and diamond -2.42) and also diffusion (Moissanite -.104 and diamond -.044). This makes it difficult to differentiate both at simple sight as well as would certainly frequently need testers to discriminate. In the following area we will review the best ways to determine moissanites and also various other replicas.
An old method of recognizing rubies is to do a scrape test. This calls for scraping a ruby with one more ruby which is devastating as well as is rarely made use of nowadays. The most effective as well as most dependable way to test for rubies is to use testers that utilize thermal conductivity. These testers contain battery powered thermistors installed with a retractable copper tip. This tester works by injecting the warmth into the checked stone and afterwards the device determines the amount of warmth that it conducts. However thermal conductivity testers functions best to distinguish rubies and also its various other simulants, it will certainly not help differentiate laboratory developed or synthetic stones. To be able to determine these, specific optical methods are needed. Laboratories utilize methods such as spectroscopy, microscopy as well as luminescence in order to identify a certain stones origin. The ordinary person could make use of loupes and also microscopes to identify artificial stones. All-natural rubies typically have minor imperfections as well as flaws such as incorporations or some type of international material, which will certainly not be found in synthetics.


Laser absorption based sensors are extensively used in a variety of gas sensing areas such as combustion, atmospheric research, human breath analysis, and high resolution infrared spectroscopy. Quantum cascade lasers have recently emerged as high resolution, high power laser sources operating in mid infrared region and can have wide tunability range. These devices provide an opportunity to access stronger fundamental and combination vibrational bands located in mid infrared region than previously accessible weaker overtone vibrational bands located in near infrared region. Spectroscopic region near 8 µm contains strong vibrational bands of methane, acetylene, hydrogen peroxide, water vapor and nitrous oxide. These molecules have important applications in a wide range of applications. This thesis presents studies pertaining to spectroscopy and combustion applications. Advancements in combustion research are imperative to achieve lower emissions and higher efficiency in practical combustion devices such as gas turbines and engines. Accurate chemical kinetic models are critical to achieve predictive models which contain several thousand reactions and hundreds of species. These models need highly reliable experimental data for validation and improvements. Shock tubes are ideal devices to obtain such information. A shock tube is a homogenous, nearly constant volume, constant pressure, adiabatic and 0-D reactor. In combination with laser absorption sensors, shock tubes can be used to measure reaction rates and species time histories of several intermediates and products formed during pyrolysis and oxidation of fuels. This work describes measurement of the decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide which is an important intermediate species controlling reactivity of combustion system in the intermediate temperature range. Spectroscopic parameters (linestrengths, broadening coefficients and temperature dependent coefficients) are determined for various transitions of acetylene. Furthermore, methane and acetylene sensors are developed for shock tube applications. The application of these sensors (along with an ethylene sensor) has been demonstrated to measure these species during the pyrolysis of n-pentane and iso-pentane.


text:
Author Archives: Michael Etienne
Recruiting for the Third Contingent (11 January 1915)
By Michael Etienne • On January 11, 1915 • In 1915, Home Front
Predictions of the War's Near End (March-April 1915)
By Michael Etienne • On March 1, 1915 • In 1915, War
German Canadians in Toronto and Waterloo (1 March 1915)
By Michael Etienne • On March 1, 1915 • In 1915, German-Canadian Identity
The Battle of Neuve Chapelle (10 March 1915)
By Michael Etienne • On March 10, 1915 • In 1915, Timeline, War
Send Offs for the Third Contingent (12-13 March 1915)
By Michael Etienne • On March 13, 1915 • In 1915, Home Front
Elimination of German Language in Public Schools (18 March 1915)
By Michael Etienne • On March 18, 1915 • In 1915, German-Canadian Identity
Send-Offs for Local Nurses (24 March 1915)
By Michael Etienne • On March 24, 1915 • In 1915, War
Professor F.V. Riethdorf and Reverend C.R. Tappert (30 March 1915)
By Michael Etienne • On March 30, 1915 • In 1915, German-Canadian Identity, Timeline
The Canadian Patriotic Fund (31 March 1915)
"Berlin Is Now Called Kitchener?" (20 April 1915)
By Michael Etienne • On April 20, 1915 • In 1915, German-Canadian Identity

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In this work, the mixture flow rate of oil-water flows was studied using the turbine flow-meter. The research emphasis focuses on the effect of oil viscosity and input fluids flow rates on the precision of the meter. Experiments were conducted to measure the in-situ mixture flow rate in a horizontal pipe with 0.05m diameter using seven different viscosities of white oil and tap water as liquid phases. Results showed that both oil viscosity and input oil fraction exert a remarkable effect on measured results, especially when the viscosity of oil phase remained in the area of high value. In addition, for metering mixture flow rate using turbine flow-meter, the results are not sensitive to two-phase flow pattern according to the experimental data.


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<TITLE>Review for Mondo (1996)</TITLE>
<LINK REL="STYLESHEET" TYPE="text/css" HREF="/ramr.css">

Mondo (1996)

reviewed by
Ben Hoffman

                                    MONDO
                       A film review by Ben Hoffman
                        Copyright 1997 Ben Hoffman

No one knows where the 11-years-old Gypsy boy, Mondo,
came from (Ovidiu Balan, a real-life Rumanian gypsy  who
lived in a Gypsy camp in France with his mother and
grandmother and about to be deported when tapped by the
director, himself of Gypsy heritage, to play the part).

We first see him running through the streets of Nice
looking, seeking, contemplating his surroundings and all
the time on the run.  If he sees someone he likes, he
asks with an endearing smile if they will adopt him.

The film is about his life, what he sees, how he
survives, the friends he makes and, always avoiding the
police.  It is based on a short story by J.M.G. Le Clezio
(Mondo et autres Histoires)..

Many interesting characters cross the screen as Mondo
makes his rounds. There is the magician (Philippe Petit)
and his friend (Schaia Aalam) who, too, look after him a
bit.  She is a Turkish Kurd singer who has taken refuge
in Nice..  There is the woman, Thi Chin, a Vietnamese
(Pierrette Fesch)  who worries about this homeless boy.
And then there is the homeless man, Dadi (Jerry Smith),
a Scotsman who had been brought up with British Nobility
but abandoned it to live in the streets of Nice under a
bridge.  There is Giordan, the fisherman (Maurice
Maurin) who is a gardener in Menton but on Sundays can
be found fishing.  He wants to teach Mondo to fish and
to learn to read and write.    The mailman (Ange Gobbi)
(in real life a postman). who Mondo always asks if there
is any mail for him as if anyone knew his whereabouts. .
. . and the postman sadly says there is none today.
Despite the uncertainties of his life and where will
his next meal come from (a bakery lady gives him
bread), Mondo appears to be enjoying the freedom.

Blend these characters together with humor and pathos,
throw in the Gypsy Mondo, and we have a charming,
heartwarming film.

After the film's completion, Ovidiu Balan, his mother
and grandmother were deported to Rumania..

                Directed by Tony Gatlif.

3 bytes

4 Bytes = Superb
3 Bytes = Too good to miss
2 Bytes = Average
1 Byte  = Save your money

Ben Hoffman

The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).

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belongs to the author.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
As Ohio Institutes Curfew, Restaurant Owners Plead: 'Don't Shut Us Down'
By Kabir Bhatia • Nov 18, 2020
At Farinacci Pizza in Hudson, the dining room has been closed since March due to the coronavirus pandemic.
Kabir Bhatia / WKSU
Gov. Mike DeWine has stopped short of issuing a statewide shutdown, opting instead for a business curfew between 10 p.m.-5 a.m. The decision was driven in part by concerns over the possible impact of a shutdown on the state's struggling restaurant industry.
DeWine had said last week he was considering closing bars, restaurants, and gyms – as he did in the spring – to stop the spread of COVID-19. But he says the new, three-week curfew is an attempt to keep both people and industry healthy.
"We think that we can accomplish, frankly, a lot more by having this curfew than we could by closing one or two different business sectors," DeWine said at a press conference Tuesday. "So we're going to try this for 21 days."
DeWine decided against a closure right now after receiving emails from restauranteurs and workers throughout the state – many of whom argue a total shutdown could mean the end for them.
"We heard from a lot of people who work at bars and restaurants. I've always said, 'We do listen.' I've gotten some amazingly compelling emails in regards to this [and] some texts," DeWine said. "Every employee has a story. Every owner has a story as well. So what we've tried to do is balance things, but we have to take action."
One of those owners is Rebekah Gillespie. This past May, she and her husband bought Tree City Coffee in Kent, which opened nine years ago.
"I've always wanted to have my own little place where people could come and have a drink," Gillespie says. "My passion is baking, but I've spent 20 years in the medical field. So it was just it was time for me to move on and try to make my dream come true."
For the past several months, the cozy shop has been filled with socially distanced, masked students enjoying lattes and baked goods. But Gillespie worries that would change if restaurants have to close their dining rooms again, as they did from March until just before Memorial Day.
"I'm nervous, as I think any business owner would be right now, to have to go through that again," Gillespie said.
Tree City still has a drive-thru window, but she does not think that will make up for the loss of in-person guests.
"I'm hoping. I'm gonna try my best to, you know, through social media to try to have people use it," she says. "Is it sustainable long-term? I don't have the answer for that. I don't know. It would require making me making decisions that I don't want to face right now."
Many other restaurants face those same difficult choices, according to Homa Moheimani of the Ohio Restaurant Association.
"Nearly 60% believe that at current capacity – right now, without any further restrictions or anticipated restrictions or anything like that – 58% are thinking that if they continue to operate now at current capacity, they will be forced to close permanently in 1-12 months," Moheimani says.
She adds that all of this seems unfair since restaurants have been particularly committed to hygiene during the pandemic.
During Tuesday's press conference, Ohio Restaurant Association president John Barker outlined some of the reasons restaurant owners are nervous.
"Many of them are facing sales that are down between 20-70% versus the same time a year ago," Baker said. "At the same time, they have all these PPE costs that are very significant. I even saw, over the last couple weeks, the installation of new air filtration systems and units in restaurants all over the place."
In Northeast Ohio, one of the restaurant chains that's made those types of investments is Zeppe's.
"Shutting small business down is not the answer, in my opinion," according to Gianna Ciresi, whose family started Zeppe's in 1986.
The Bedford Heights-based chain has grown throughout Northeast Ohio to include three larger Italian sit-down restaurants and more than a dozen pizzerias. Ciresi says businesses that are doing a good job keeping things clean and socially distanced should not have to face closure.
"Come in, make sure that restaurants are doing it accurately," she says. "I saw a friend post on Facebook the other day how, 'Oh my gosh, we need shut down. I was at this bar and people were neck and neck, they weren't following wearing [of] masks, nobody was enforcing it.' Those people give us a bad name. Go ahead, go in, check them out. [If] they're not doing it right? Then shut them down.
"But for the little guys like us," Ciresi continues, "we're doing the right things. Don't shut us down because we're doing everything possible that we could do to keep our people safe."
Ciresi says carry out and delivery sales have helped, but closing dining rooms would eat into their already weakened bottom line.
"I'm not really sure how long we could ride it out," she says. "We're gonna do our best to, you know, maintain our carryout [and] delivery. Catering and parties are always a big thing this time of year; we usually have our Breakfast with Santa that we do this time of year, which is a wonderful thing we love to do for holiday time. We're not going to have any of that."
In Hudson, Farinacci Pizza currently offers only carryout. Dave Janotka and his wife bought the place in 2009. A few years later, he had a kidney transplant. So he does not want to put himself, or his staff, at risk for COVID-19.
The dining room has been closed since March, when they switched to curbside pickup only.
"Pizza comes in a box [and] it's been in a box for years and years and years, so a lot of customers feel comfortable getting food like that," Janotka says. "I feel badly for restaurants that have foods which are not in a box – that you are used to dining in – more like steak and lobster and things. It's not the same, and I feel badly for them because of that. Some of them are my friends. I pray for them and say I don't know how they're going to make it, but I pray that you give them grace."
During the spring shutdown, several bar and restaurant owners filed suit against DeWine and then-Health Department director Dr. Amy Acton, arguing that social distancing rules and the 10 p.m. "last call" were unconstitutional and unenforceable. Legal experts say another challenge could loom for the governor if he orders another shut down.
The new curfew goes into effect Thursday. Even the exceptions are intended to soften the blow to restaurants, allowing them to continue offering take out or drive-thru after 10 p.m.
Mike DeWine
Coronavirus In Ohio: Gov. Mike DeWine Issues Statewide 10 P.M. Curfew
By Gabe Rosenberg & Adora Namigadde • Nov 17, 2020
Tony Dejak / Associated Press
To combat the state's renewed surge of coronavirus cases, Ohio is issuing a curfew that requires most retail establishments to close from 10 p.m.-5 a.m.
Gov. Mike DeWine says the curfew will take effect Thursday, Nov. 19 and last for 21 days, after which point the order will be re-evaluated.
Some Ohio Restaurants Requiring Customer Masks at Drive-Thrus
Some Ohio restaurants are now requiring guests wear masks at the drive-thru window, following Gov. Mike DeWine's latest mask and social distancing orders announced during his statewide address last week.
Ohio Lawmakers Have Mixed Reactions To DeWine's New COVID Orders
By Karen Kasler • Nov 13, 2020
With Ohio in the third week of COVID hospitalizations setting a new record each day, Gov. Mike DeWine laid out two new health orders and previewed the possibility of a limited shutdown. The announcement got mixed reviews from state lawmakers.
Ohio Restaurants And Bars Push Back On DeWine's Shutdown Threat
More than a half a million people work in Ohio's bar and restaurant industry, which is pushing back on an announcement from Gov. Mike DeWine that he would consider shutting down those businesses next week if the state's COVID-19 numbers don't improve.


text:
Over the Edge for NASCAR Hall of Fame Foundation Returns on October 6
The NASCAR Hall of Fame's signature fundraising event will give 100 participants a chance to rappel down the Embassy Suites Charlotte Uptown
CHARLOTTE, N.C. (May 20, 2021) – The NASCAR Hall of Fame Foundation is inviting racing fans, thrill chasers, education advocates, spotlight seekers and Charlotte lovers alike to go Over the Edge of the 10-story Embassy Suites Charlotte Uptown on October 6, 2021.
Over the Edge is a one-of-a-kind fundraising event that gives top participants the rare opportunity to rappel down a building in the heart of the Queen City, while simultaneously supporting the NASCAR Hall of Fame Foundation and the communities it serves. The first 100 individual fundraisers to raise $1,000 will earn a spot to go Over the Edge this October.
Proceeds from the initiative will help the Foundation fulfill its mission as it works to build a better future for youth across the region. The Foundation provides economically challenged students with access to learning opportunities that harness the sport's longstanding tradition of winning through innovation. Since launching in 2018, the NASCAR Hall of Fame's Over the Edge events have raised a combined total of approximately $350,000.
"Following a hiatus last year, we are thrilled to welcome Over the Edge back to Charlotte for a third time," said Winston Kelley, Executive Director of the NASCAR Hall of Fame. "Having participated twice, I can personally attest to how exhilarating this experience is. More notably and beyond the spectacle, Over the Edge is a truly dynamic event that provides folks the rare opportunity to support their community, promote a great cause, make a tangible impact and create a lifelong memory."
Interested parties can learn more and register at OvertheEdgeCharlotte.org.
About the NASCAR Hall of Fame Foundation
The NASCAR Hall of Fame Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization whose mission includes providing economically challenged students (pre-K through 12th grade) access to learning opportunities that harness our sport's longstanding tradition of winning through innovation. For more information, visit nascarhall.com/foundation.
About the NASCAR Hall of Fame
Conveniently located in Uptown Charlotte, North Carolina, the NASCAR Hall of Fame is an interactive, entertainment attraction honoring the history and heritage of NASCAR. The high-tech venue, designed to educate and entertain race fans and non-fans alike, opened May 11, 2010, and includes artifacts, hands-on exhibits, a 278-person state-of-the-art theater, Hall of Honor, Buffalo Wild Wings restaurant, NASCAR Hall of Fame Gear Shop and NASCAR Productions-operated broadcast studio. An attached parking garage is available on Brevard Street. The 5-acre site also includes a privately developed 19-story office tower and 102,000-square-foot expansion to the Charlotte Convention Center, highlighted by a 40,000-square-foot ballroom. The NASCAR Hall of Fame is owned by the City of Charlotte, licensed by NASCAR and operated by the Charlotte Regional Visitors Authority. For more information, visit nascarhall.com.


2018 is a big year for Bremont as its long term support for aviation, watchmaking and the armed forces come together in the centenary year of the Royal Air Force.
The British business has two key aviation-related updates in the form of 40mm models in the Airco range that first launched in 2017 and a stealthy looking U-2/51-JET added to the U-2 range.
Bremont has unveiled three additions to the Airco family including the introduction of a Mach 3 model.
The Airco, named after Aircraft Manufacturing Company Limited, one of the first British military aircraft manufacturers, is a classic pilot's watch, and the Airco Mach 3 has been designed in the signature blue of the RAF.
Bremont co-founder, Giles English, suggests that the 2018 Airco has the potential to be the most commercial launch of the year.
"Nick [English] and I have always loved our blue dialed watches, which have proved rather popular within other ranges over the years. This particular pantone not only looks handsome on the dial but we love the subtle nod to 100 years of British military aviation which is at the heart of what inspired the Airco line. These timepieces are designed to be understated classics that can really stand the test of time," he predicts.
Bremont has also updated Mach 1 and Mach 2 models in the Airco family with white dial versions in 40mm cases.
Bremont Airco Mach 2 with white dial.
The U-2/51-JET combines the brand's trademark vintage '51' lume, originally found on the Limited Edition P-51, together with heat treated steel blued hands.
As well as drawing inspiration from some of the past Bremont U-2 models, the U-2/51-JET adds a new dimension to the range taking fresh design cues from a military project commissioned by the RAF's 100 Squadron to celebrate their centenary and complement their Hawk T1 Jet aircraft.
The watch is designed to survive in the toughest aviation and military environments, and has been tested on missions flying at 80,000 feet for over 12 hour stints and at temperatures as low as -50 degrees.
It uses Bremont's renowned antishock rubberised movement mount, designed to withstand the MB ejection seat programme.


text:
package flash.tools.debugger.events;

/**
 * Signals that a divide by zero fault has occurred
 */
public class DivideByZeroFault extends FaultEvent
{
	public DivideByZeroFault(int isolateId) {
		super(isolateId);
	}

	public final static String name = "zero_divide";  //$NON-NLS-1$

	@Override
	public String name() { return name; }
}


Brown Carpet Decorating Ideas Cozy Bedroom House Design Ideas Interior Inspiration Decorating. Brown Carpet Decorating Ideas My Brown Carpet Living Room Ideas — Contemporary Living Room Ideas. Brown Carpet Decorating Ideas 50 Luxury Designer Bedrooms (Pictures) Designing Idea. Brown Carpet Decorating Ideas Brown Carpet Living Room Ideas – Modern House. Brown Carpet Decorating Ideas Bedroom Design Ideas With Brown Carpet House Decor Picture. Brown Carpet Decorating Ideas Dark Brown Carpet Living Room Luxury Home Design Ideas.
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Page 427 - Gallery Design of Decorating | Empire-sc Backsplash For Kitchen Walls. Backsplash Designs For Kitchen. Seating Ideas For Small Living Room.
collection of galleries from Decorating like Backsplash For Kitchen Walls. Backsplash Designs For Kitchen. Seating Ideas For Small Living Room. and other designs you might like Girls Playroom Ideas. Danish Modern Bar Stool. Centerpiece For Kitchen Table. Kitchen Cabinet Layouts. Fireplace Opening Cover. Pictures Of Girls Rooms. Metal Stair Railings Interior.