text:
2021 Ford F 150 Roush Engine, Changes, Redesign, Release Date
Ford Admirer November 28, 2019
2021 Ford F 150 Roush – Every single media about North America's finest-promoting vehicle takes in a great deal of consideration, specially when we are speaking about a total upgrade. Based on the most up-to-date records, the new model is on its way and ought to strike the market previously in the after that year. Without the question, the 2021 Ford F-150 redesign brings a whole lot of novelties, but we do not count on from their website being as extreme as types that was included with the recent age group.
The extroverted model has taken some groundbreaking technology and design options, although the 2021 Ford F-150 changes may well be more evolutionary. The evaluating model has existed for a while and in spite of still it would wear a hide, we could see some of the stuff that are going to take place. The new model is certain to get not merely a new design, but additionally plenty of technologies and new V8 engines. Lastly, we trust hybrid and all of-electric models in the not too distant future.
Without the question, advancement can be the greatest phrase to explain this redesign. As you know, the present era has taken lots of cutting edge changes, specifically in conditions of the huge use of light in weight supplies like aluminum and HSS. On the other part, the impending redesign is going to be quite about evolutionary changes. This relates the two to chassis and also to the exterior design. Judging on the 2021 Ford F-150 spy photos, even the general form is planning to stay really very similar.
The evaluating model is available in a crew cab design it does not appear like we are intending to see larger changes in phrases of measurements and general form. By natural means, the most significant changes may come at the entrance, in which we depend on a fully new deal with. One of the most extreme changes may be a new revocation design, as studies propose an impartial rear suspensions. Of course, base models will continue with a sound axle, although this feature must be restricted to increased trims, possibly even simply for hybrid models.
Some of the greatest changes we anticipate seeing are about the 2021 Ford F-150 interior. The present model appearance reasonable in this particular element, particularly for a pickup truck. Nonetheless, these are diverse periods and pickup trucks are not just functioning equipment any more. The new Ram 1500 is a excellent illustration. It arrives with a fairly high-class interior, whole of good quality supplies, smooth-effect types of surface along with a weight of sophisticated technology. Furthermore, increased trims can also assess with luxury Sports utility vehicles. As a result, we have now certainly that the new F-150 goes in the exact same course.
With regards to the base cabin structure, we depend on the exact same cab patterns in the provide, with small changes in terminology of measurements. The exact same thing applies to the cargo your bed. Apart from a beautiful dash board, we anticipate from the new model in the future with loads of technical capabilities. Judging on the most up-to-date 2021 Ford F-150 spy photos, the new model include a massive touchscreen on the heart bunch. It seems like the new display will calculate 12 in . diagonally, or even more. Of course, we anticipate seeing that elegant spit display operate, just like in the Ram 1500. Digitalization is anticipated in other places as properly, especially in conditions of the device bunch.
With regards to 2021 Ford F-150 engine possibilities, one of the most exciting novelties ought to be a new V8 engine. It seems like the popular 5.0-liter Coyote is going to be substituted for a new, 4.8-liter engine. Despite the fact that the precise specs are nonetheless not available, some places propose a max result of about 420 horsepower and 420 lb-toes of torque, which is a small potential increase around the Coyote, which produces 395 hp and 400 lb-feet of torque. Nonetheless, we believe that the focus is going to be on supplying better mpg reviews.
The relaxation of the engine collection ought to consist of acquainted V6 models, when we can depend upon the exact same reviews. Also, the 2021 Ford F-150 Hybrid must be one more huge novelty as properly. An all-electric F-150 is anticipated as nicely, although it certainly will not be prepared for the first start. One more huge novelty might be a hi there-performance model. Based on the most recent records, the new edition of the competent Raptor clip is certain to get a new engine, a 5.2-liter V8. This supercharged engine was made for the new Shelby GT500 and it also could locate the spot in this truck as properly. Though the precise specs are nonetheless not available, some reviews are indicating a max productivity of more than 700 horsepower.
With regards to the 2021 Ford F-150 release date, the following-era model will probably be launched in the after that year. The specific particulars are continue to not available, but additional information ought to be acknowledged in the forseeable future. The recent model begins at about 28.500 money.
2021 Ford F-150 Colors
Abyss Gray Metallic
Blue Jeans Metallic
Lead Foot
Magma Red Metallic
Velocity Blue Metallic
Vermillion Red
Dark Earth Gray
Medium Earth Gray
Tags:2021 ford f 150 roush
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Galesburg Boys Basketball: Overconfident Streaks fall to Panthers 53-45
By Marc NesselerFor the Register-Mail
Dec 13, 2019 at 10:54 PM Dec 13, 2019 at 10:54 PM
EAST MOLINE – The worst thing that could have happened to the Galesburg High School boys basketball team going into Friday night's Western Big 6 game against United Township happened three days earlier, when the Panthers suffered an embarrassing 43-point loss to Rock Island, scoring only 18 points.
The Silver Streaks came to the Panther Den overconfident. The Panthers, set out to prove something, came away with a 53-45 victory.
"The two reasons," Galesburg coach Ryan Hart said of that realization. "One, it gave us a false sense of security. That was not who they are.
"I told all of the kids to realize that was not who they are.
"We had film of them from that Rock Island game and from the Geneseo game (which UT lost in double overtime). We made them watch the Geneseo game, because that is the team they are."
And then there's reason number two.
"It gave them a sense of urgency," Hart said of the 4-3 Panthers who picked up their first WB6 win in three tries.
From the outset, the Panthers' defense took away one of the top weapons of the 5-2, 1-2 Streaks, not letting center Jaylin McCants have many uncontested inside shots.
In fact, Galesburg's first six shots came beyond the arc, all misfires, until McCants had a jumper with 2:08 left in the first quarter. Eric Price had the only other shots inside in the frame, connecting on a rebound that left the score 10-5 at buzzer.
That offensive theme continued throughout, with the Streaks trying to take down UT from the outside, and coming up empty-handed. Galesburg finished 3-for-25 on 3-points, and took more shots past the arc than inside it, where they were 12-of-24.
"We struggled a lot shooting," said McCants, who was held to a season low of 19 points on 5-of-17 shooting. Many of his scoring opportunities came with free throws attached, hitting 9-of-10.
"We're starting to see a lot more" of that kind of defense, said the Streaks' standout, who came in with a 30-points-per-game scoring average and had a career-high 41 earlier in the week. "They know what I do best; teams are getting smarter and defending better."
Hart noted that not only was the offense subpar, the defense was just as much a culprit of the defeat.
"That was bad defense," the Streaks coach said. "We did not execute very well. Throughout the course of the game, we were just going through the motions out there."
The only other Galesburg player in double figures was Price with 11. He fouled out in the fourth quarter, as did guard Alex Egipciaco. No other Streak had more than four points and no one else scored more than one field goal.
The Panthers put three in double figures and nearly had four. Michael Merrick led UT with 14 points on 5-of-7 shooting. Point guard Daslah Geadeyan and reserve Malykai Trice (4-of-4 field goals, 2-of-2 free throws) each had 10 points. Guard Jaylin Rose finished with nine points.
"Coach (Ryan) Webber brought us together (after that loss to Rocky) and fired us up, ready to go, when we came back," said Rose.
Added Merrick, "We were embarrassed with how we played (against the Rocks); that's not who we are as a team. We came in here wanting to show everyone who we are as a team.
"The thing is, we can use this game and that (lopsided) loss to look back on – if we have a bad game, this will show what can happen and to not get down about it."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I can't tell you much about the Holden Efijy, other than it's loud and people cheer when they hear it. oh, and it doesn't seem to be able to be driven as it was loaded on the back of a truck after this session at the All Holden Day Swap Meet in Richmond. Hooray for the automotive industry!!
Can we get some decent public transport, please? Sydney roads stink.
The annual Good Vibrations music festival took place across the road from our house and still seems to be an excuse for 17 year olds to litter our neighbourhood. The damage would be much more acceptable if we had a president to protest.
After an hour and a half of squash that ended when he pulled a muscle in his back, Patrick couldn't get his motorbike started and had to wait until the rescue party arrived.


Angie acts as a liaison between the Consultant and internal teams to coordinate workflow, set expectations internally and externally and ensure more efficient outcomes in a timely manner. Her attention to detail and customer focus keep things running smoothly for our clients year-round.
Any of Sarah Addison Allen's books and political reads.
One of my favorite pastimes is painting and re-purposing furniture, so you can find me decorating my house on the weekends!


text:
Marina Anatolyevna Pankova née Nikulina (; 3 March 1963 – 4 November 2015) was a Russian volleyball player, who was a member of the Soviet team that won the gold medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

External links

1963 births
2015 deaths
People from Bratsk
Soviet women's volleyball players
Russian women's volleyball players
Volleyball players at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic volleyball players of the Soviet Union
Olympic volleyball players of the Unified Team
Olympic volleyball players of Russia
Olympic silver medalists for the Unified Team
Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic medalists in volleyball
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Competitors at the 1994 Goodwill Games
Goodwill Games medalists in volleyball
Galatasaray S.K. (women's volleyball) players
Russian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Russian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate volleyball players in Spain
Expatriate volleyball players in Turkey
Sportspeople from Irkutsk Oblast

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

The search for $R$-parity conserving supersymmetric particles at colliding beam
experiments is plagued by the necessity to {\it pair produce} sparticles,
and by the fact that the sparticle cascade decay terminates in the
lightest SUSY particle (LSP), usually assumed to comprise at least a portion of the
missing dark matter in the universe. The first of these thus requires enough
energy to produce two rather than just one sparticle, while the second of
these means that the sparticle invariant mass can't be directly
reconstructed as a resonance.
An alternative path to SUSY discovery at collider experiments is to search
for the $R$-parity even neutral heavy Higgs bosons, the heavy scalar $H$ and
the pseudoscalar $A$. These particles can be produced singly as $s$-channel
resonances and have the advantage in that their invariant mass can,
in principle, be directly reconstructed
(as was the case in discovery of the light scalar $h$).

In this paper, we examine production and decay of the heavy neutral
scalar Higgs bosons of the MSSM in the most lucrative discovery channel
$pp\rightarrow H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$. In previous phenomenological work\cite{Carena:2013qia,Djouadi:2013uqa,Djouadi:2015jea,Bagnaschi:2018ofa,Bahl:2020kwe},
new scenarios were proposed for the $m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$ discovery plane
which ensured that $m_h\simeq 125$ GeV while also respecting that LHC
sparticle search limits were enforced, usually by assuming supersymmetry
breaking in the multi-TeV regime. These constraints can in principle
affect the regions of the heavy Higgs search planes which can be probed by
current and forthcoming hadron colliders.

In the present work, we add to these constraints the condition that the
magnitude of the weak scale also be {\it natural}.
This is because natural SUSY models are in a sense more plausible than
unnatural models\cite{Baer:2022dfc}.
For our naturalness criterion, we adopt the notion of practical naturalness\cite{Baer:2015rja}:
\begin{quotation}
  An observable ${\cal O}=o_1 +\cdots +o_n$ is natural if all {\it independent} contributions to ${\cal O}$ are comparable to or less than ${\cal O}$.
  \end{quotation}
Here, we adopt the measured value of the $Z$-boson mass as representative of
the magnitude of weak scale, where in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
(MSSM)\cite{Baer:2006rs}, the $Z$ mass is related to Lagrangian parameters
via the electroweak minimization condition
\be
m_Z^2/2 =\frac{m_{H_d}^2+\Sigma_d^d-(m_{H_u}^2+\Sigma_u^u )\tan^2\beta}{\tan^2\beta -1}-\mu^2
\label{eq:mzs}
\ee
where $m_{H_u}^2$ and $m_{H_d}^2$ are the Higgs soft breaking masses,
$\mu$ is the (SUSY preserving) superpotential $\mu$ parameter and
the $\Sigma_d^d$ and $\Sigma_u^u$ terms contain a large assortment of
loop corrections (see Appendices of Ref's \cite{Baer:2012cf} and \cite{Baer:2021tta}
and also \cite{Dedes:2002dy} for leading two-loop corrections).
For natural SUSY models, the naturalness measure\cite{Baer:2012up}
\be
\Delta_{EW}\equiv |maximal\ term\ on\ RHS\ of\ Eq.~\ref{eq:mzs}|/(m_Z^2/2)
\ee
is adopted here where a value
\be
\Delta_{EW}\lesssim 30
\label{eq:dew30}
\ee
fulfills the {\it comparable} condition of practical naturalness.
For most SUSY benchmark models, the superpotential $\mu$ parameter is tuned
to cancel against large contributions to the weak scale from SUSY breaking.
Since the $\mu$ parameter typically arises from very different physics
than SUSY breaking, {\it e.g.} from whatever solution to the SUSY
$\mu$ problem that is assumed,\footnote{Twenty solutions to the SUSY
  $\mu$ problem are recently reviewed in Ref. \cite{Bae:2019dgg}.}
then such a ``just-so'' cancellation
seems highly implausible\cite{Baer:2022dfc}
(though not impossible) compared to the
case where all contributions to the weak scale are $\sim m_{weak}$,
so that $\mu$ (or any other parameter) need not be tuned.

There are several important implications of Eq. \ref{eq:dew30} for
heavy neutral SUSY Higgs searches.
\begin{itemize}
\item The superpotential $\mu$ parameter enters $\Delta_{EW}$ directly,
  leading to $|\mu |\lesssim 350$ GeV.
  This implies that for heavy Higgs searches with $m_{A,H}\gtrsim 2|\mu |$, then
  SUSY decay modes of $H,\ A$ should typically be open. If these additional
  decay widths to SUSY particles are large, then the branching fraction to the
  $\tau\bar{\tau}$ discovery mode can be substantially reduced.
\item For $m_{H_d}\gg m_{H_u}$, then $m_{H_d}$ sets the heavy Higgs mass scale
  ($m_{A,H}\sim m_{H_d}$) while $m_{H_u}$ sets the mass scale for $m_{W,Z,h}$.
  Then naturalness requires\cite{Bae:2014fsa}
    \end{itemize}
\be
m_{A,H}\lesssim m_Z\tan\beta\sqrt{\Delta_{EW}}.
\ee
For $\tan\beta\sim 10$ with $\Delta_{EW}\lesssim 30$, then $m_A$ can range up
to $\sim 5$ TeV. For $\tan\beta\sim 40$, then $m_A$ stays natural up to
$\sim 20$ TeV (although for large $\tan\beta\gtrsim 20$, then bottom squark
contributions to $\Sigma_u^u$ become large and provide typically much
stronger limits on natural SUSY spectra).
Since most $H,A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ searches and projected reach limits
take place assuming a decoupled SUSY spectra, then such results can
overestimate the collider heavy Higgs reach since in general the presence
of $H,A\rightarrow SUSY$ decay modes will diminish the $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$
branching fraction.

Using naturalness, in Sec. \ref{sec:natplane} we propose a new natural SUSY
benchmark scenario $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ which is also consistent with
expectations from the string landscape\cite{Baer:2020kwz}.
In Sec. \ref{sec:prodBF}, we discuss production and decay of heavy neutral
Higgs bosons in the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario.
In Sec. \ref{sec:mT} we discuss signal event generation and SM backgrounds
for the case of back-to-back (BtB) $\tau$s in the transverse plane
using the total transverse mass variable $m_T^{tot}$.
In Sec. \ref{sec:mtautau}, we discuss signal and background for
the acollinear tau pairs using the $m_{\tau\tau}$ variable.
Including this signal channel can lead to a substantial increase in
signal significance and so combined with the BtB  $\tau$s can give an
increased collider reach in the $m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$ search plane.
In Sec. \ref{sec:LHCreach}, we present our reach of present LHC
with 139 fb$^{-1}$ and also the projected reach of LHC Run3 and
HL-LHC.
Our conclusions reside in Sec. \ref{sec:conclude}.

\section{The natural SUSY Higgs search plane}
\label{sec:natplane}

The mass of the light SUSY Higgs boson is given approximately by\cite{Slavich:2020zjv}
\be
m_h^2\simeq m_Z^2\cos^22\beta +\frac{3g^2}{8\pi^2}\frac{m_t^4}{m_W^2}
\left[\ln\frac{m_{\tilde t}^2}{m_t^2}+\frac{x_t^2}{m_{\tilde t}^2}\left(1-\frac{x_t^2}{12m_{\tilde t}^2}\right)\right]
\ee
where $x_t=A_t-\mu\cot\beta$ and $m_{\tilde t}^2\simeq m_{Q_3}m_{U_3}$ is the mean top
squark mass. For a given value of $m_{\tilde t}^2$, then $m_h^2$ is maximal for
$x_t^{max}=\pm\sqrt{6}m_{\tilde t}$.

\subsection{Some previous SUSY Higgs benchmark studies}

In Ref. \cite{Carena:2013qia}, a variety of SUSY Higgs search benchmark
points were proposed, including 1. the $m_h^{max}$ scenario where a value of
$x_t^{max}$ was chosen along with $m_{\tilde g}=1500$ GeV and $m_{SUSY}\equiv m_{\tilde t}=1$ TeV with $\mu=M_2=0.2$ TeV as a conservative choice which maximized the
parameter space of the $m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$ plane available for new
SUSY Higgs boson searches. Similarly, $m_h^{mod+}$ and $m_h^{mod-}$ scenarios
were proposed with similar parameters except for more moderate
$x_t=1.6 m_{SUSY}$ and $x_t=-2.2 m_{SUSY}$ values. Light stop, light stau,
$\tau$-phobic and low $m_H$ scenarios were proposed as well. Over time,
all these benchmark models have become LHC-excluded since (at least)
they all proposed $m_{\tilde g}\sim 1500$ GeV while after LHC Run 2 the ATLAS/CMS
Collaborations require $m_{\tilde g}\gtrsim 2.2$ TeV\cite{ATLAS:2020syg,CMS:2019zmd}.

In Ref. \cite{Bagnaschi:2018ofa}, an $m_h^{125}$ benchmark model was proposed
with $m_{SUSY}\sim 1.5$ TeV, $\mu =1$ TeV and $m_{\tilde g}=2.5$ TeV in accord
with LHC Run 2 gluino mass constraints.
The $x_t=2.8$ TeV value was chosen to nearly maximize the value of $m_h$
given the other parameters of the model. This model has almost all
$H,\ A\rightarrow SUSY$ decay modes kinematically closed due to the heavy SUSY spectra
so it closely resembles the type-II two-Higgs doublet model (2HDM)  phenomenology\cite{Branco:2011iw}.
An $m_h^{125}(\tilde{\tau} )$ scenario
(exemplifying bino-stau coannihilation was selected with $\mu=1$ TeV
along with a $m_h^{125}(\tilde\chi )$ scenario with $\mu =180$ GeV, $M_1=160$ GeV
and $M_2=180$ GeV so that $H,\ A$ decay to many electroweakino states is allowed. Also, an $m_h^{125}(align)$ model with specific {\it alignment without decoupling}\cite{Gunion:2002zf,Carena:2013ooa} parameters with $\mu =7.5$ TeV was chosen along with a
$m_H^{125}$  scenario where the heavy Higgs scalar was actually the 125 GeV Higgs boson. These scenarios would be hard pressed to explain why
$m_{weak}\sim 100$ GeV due to the tuning needed for such large
$\mu$ parameters. The exception is the $m_h^{125}(\tilde\chi )$ scenario,
although here the peculiar gaugino/higgsino mass choices seem at odds with
most theory expectations\footnote{Gaugino mass unification is usually expected
  in models based on grand unification, but is also expected by the simple
  form of the supergravity (SUGRA) gauge kinetic function which depends typically on only a single hidden sector field in many string-inspired constructs.}.

A somewhat different approach is taken in the model labelled $hMSSM$\cite{Djouadi:2013uqa,Djouadi:2015jea,Arcadi:2022hve}.
In the hMSSM, by adopting a high $m_{SUSY}$ scale and by neglecting
some small radiative corrections to the
Higgs mass matrix, then one may use $m_h$ (along with $m_A$ and $\tan\beta$)
as an input parameter with Higgs mixing angle $\alpha$, $m_H$
and $m_{H^{\pm}}$ as outputs.
This ensures that $m_h=125$ GeV is enforced throughout the remaining
Higgs search parameter space. The adoption of a high value $m_{SUSY}\gtrsim 1$ TeV
then makes this model look like the 2HDM, and sparticle mass spectra are
effectively neglected. By combining $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ with
$H,\ A\rightarrow t\bar{t}$ at lower $\tan\beta$, then it is claimed almost the entire
$m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$ parameter space can be probed by HL-LHC for
$m_A\lesssim 1$ TeV\cite{Djouadi:2015jea}.

\subsection{Status of Run 2 LHC searches}

The ATLAS Collaboration has reported on a search for
$H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ at CERN LHC Run 2 using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of
integrated luminosity at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV\cite{ATLAS:2020zms}.
The study focusses on
back-to-back $\tau\bar{\tau}$ states where transverse opening angles
$\Delta\phi (\tau_{had}\tau_{had})>155^\circ$ and $\Delta\phi (\tau_{lep}\tau_{had})>135^\circ$ are required. Mixed leptonic-hadronic
($\tau_{lep}\tau_{had}$) and hadronic-hadronic ($\tau_{had}\tau_{had}$) final
states are combined.
The hadronic tau tagging efficiency in one or three charged prong
$\tau$-jets varies from 60-85\%.
The total transverse mass\cite{Barger:1984sm}
\be
m_T^{tot}=\sqrt{(p_T^{\tau_1}+p_T^{\tau_2}+E_T^{miss})^2-(\vec{p}_T^{\tau_1}+\vec{p}_T^{\tau_2}+\vec{E}_T^{miss})^2}
\ee
is measured and a fit to expected signal plus background is made to determine
the presence of a signal. For the signal, the $m_T^{tot}$ distribution is
bounded from above by $m_T^{tot}< m_{H,\ A}$ and near this upper bound is where
the signal-to-background significance is greatest. In this region,
the dominant background comes from Drell-Yan $\gamma^*,\ Z\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$
production.
The signal sample is further divided by either the presence or absence of
a tagged $b$-jet but the signal significance is dominated by the $b$-jet vetoed
events. No signal is found, so the 95\% CL
exclusion limits are plotted in the $m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$ plane in the
Bagnaschi {\it et al.} $m_h^{125}$ scenario\cite{Bagnaschi:2018ofa}.
They find that for $\tan\beta\sim 10$, then $m_A\lesssim 1.1$ TeV is already
excluded while for $\tan\beta\sim 50$, then $m_A\lesssim 2$ TeV is excluded.

The CMS collaboration has presented results of $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$
searches using 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity\cite{CMS:2018rmh}.
The 95\% CL exclusion limits are plotted in the $m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$
plane for the $m_h^{mod+}$ and hMSSM scenarios.
Further CMS analyses using the full Run 2 data set should be forthcoming.

\subsection{Some previous LHC upgrade SUSY Higgs reach studies}

In Ref. \cite{Cepeda:2019klc},
the ATLAS and CMS collaborations
presented expected reach plots for $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ for HL-LHC
with either 3 or 6 ab$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity and $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV.
The results were a direct extrapolation of their previous search results
from LHC Run 2. ATLAS with 3 ab$^{-1}$ expects to explore $m_A\lesssim 1500$ GeV
for $\tan\beta =10$ in the hMSSM scenario and up to $m_A\lesssim 1$ TeV in the
$m_h^{mod+}$ scenario. The plot upper limit of $m_A<2250$ GeV precludes
any limits for $\tan\beta \gtrsim 40$.
With 3 ab$^{-1}$, the CMS collaboration expects to explore at 95\% CL up to
$m_A<750$ GeV in the $m_h^{mod+}$ scenario and up to $m_A\lesssim 1400$ GeV in the
hMSSM scenario, both for $\tan\beta =10$.

The HL-LHC and ILC sensitivity for heavy SUSY Higgs bosons was also
estimated by Bahl {\it et al.}\cite{Bahl:2020kwe}. Their 95\% CL
exclusion using a combined ATLAS/CMS sensitivity (6 ab$^{-1}$) is
to explore up to $m_A\lesssim 1500$ GeV for $\tan\beta =10$ in the $m_h^{125}$
scenario (heavy SUSY) and to $m_A\lesssim 1$ TeV in the $m_h^{125} (\tilde\chi )$
scenario (light EWinos).
They also explore some $m_{h,EFT}^{125}$ scenarios\cite{Bahl:2019ago}
at low $\tan\beta\sim 1-10$ which we will not consider.

\subsection{The $m_h^{125}(nat)$ Higgs search benchmark}

In this Subsection, we introduce a more plausible SUSY Higgs search
benchmark model in that all its contributions to the weak scale
are comparable to or less than the weak scale by a conservative factor
of $\sim 4$. This would be the class of natural SUSY models characterized by
$\Delta_{EW}\lesssim 30$\cite{Baer:2012up}. These natural SUSY models can be found in several
different guises:
\begin{enumerate}
\item The 2,3,4-extra parameter non-universal Higgs models NUHM2,3,4
  which characterize what might be expected from dominant gravity-mediated
  SUSY breaking\cite{Baer:2012cf},
\item  natural anomaly-mediated SUSY breaking\cite{Baer:2018hwa} (nAMSB) wherein non-universal bulk soft terms
  allow for naturalness while maintaining $m_h\simeq 125$ GeV and
  \item natural generalized
mirage-mediation (nGMM) models\cite{Baer:2016hfa} wherein soft terms are characterized by comparable
anomaly- and gravity/moduli-mediated contributions.
The nGMM model is expected to emerge\cite{Choi:2005ge} from KKLT moduli stabilization\cite{Kachru:2003aw} and the string landscape\cite{Broeckel:2020fdz}.
\end{enumerate}
For our benchmark models, it is perhaps easiest to settle on the more familiar
gravity-mediated two-extra-parameter non-universal Higgs model
NUHM2\cite{Ellis:2002wv,Baer:2005bu} which is characterized by the parameter space
\be
m_0,\ m_{1/2},\ A_0,\ \tan\beta,\ m_{H_u},\ m_{H_d}
\ee
where $m_0$ denotes the GUT scale matter scalar soft terms,
$m_{1/2}$ are the unified gaugino masses, $A_0$ are common trilinear soft terms
and $\tan\beta\equiv v_u/v_d$ is the usual ratio of Higgs field vevs.
It is reasonable to have $m_{H_u}\ne m_{H_d}\ne m_0$ in gravity-mediation
since the scalar mass soft terms in supergravity do not respect universality.
However, a remnant $SO(10)$ local GUT symmetry may enforce the matter scalars of
each generation to have a common mass $m_0(i)$, where $i=1-3$ is a
generation index.\footnote{
  In the landscape context, the first two generations are pulled to common
  upper bounds which yields a mixed decoupling/quasi-degeneracy solution to the SUSY flavor and CP problems\cite{Baer:2019zfl}. The third generation is pulled up much less
  than the first two generations since it contributes more to the weak scale
  via the large Yukawa couplings.}
The Higgs soft terms $m_{H_u}$ and $m_{H_d}$ are frequently traded for the weak scale parameters $\mu$ and $m_A$ via the scalar potential minimization conditions.
Thus, the parameter space of NUHM2
\be
m_0,\ m_{1/2},\ A_0,\ \tan\beta,\ \mu,\ m_A
\ee
is well-suited to Higgs searches since it allows for variable
$m_A$ and $\tan\beta$
as independent input parameters while also allowing the input of $\mu\lesssim 350$
GeV which is required by naturalness in Eq. \ref{eq:mzs}.

Using NUHM2, we adopt the following natural SUSY benchmark Higgs search scenario:
\be
m_h^{125}({\rm nat}):\ m_0=5\ {\rm TeV},\ m_{1/2}=1.2\ {\rm TeV},\ A_0=-1.6m_0,\ \tan\beta ,\ \mu=250\ {\rm GeV}\ {\rm and}\ m_A .
\ee
The $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ benchmark model spectra is shown in Table \ref{tab:bm} for $\tan\beta =10$ and $m_A=2$ TeV.
We adopt the computer code Isajet\cite{Paige:2003mg} featuring Isasugra\cite{Baer:1994nc}
for spectra generation. The SUSY Higgs boson masses are computed
using renormalization-group (RG) improved third generation fermion/sfermion
loop corrections\cite{Bisset:1995dc}.
The RG improved Yukawa couplings include full
threshold corrections\cite{Pierce:1996zz} which account for leading
two-loop effects\cite{Carena:2002es}.
From the Table, we note that $m_h=124.7$ GeV and $\Delta_{EW}=22$.
Recent versions of FeynHiggs\cite{Bahl:2018qog} predict $m_h$ values closer to Isasugra
than past versions, and for the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ benchmark
point we find from FeynHiggs 2.18.1 that $m_h=125.3\pm 1.3$ GeV,
in close accord with Isasugra.
\begin{table}[h!]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lc}
\hline
parameter & $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ \\
\hline
$m_0$      & 5 TeV \\
$m_{1/2}$      & 1.2 TeV \\
$A_0$      & -8 TeV \\
$\tan\beta$    & 10  \\
\hline
$\mu$          & 250 GeV  \\
$m_A$          & 2 TeV \\
\hline
$m_{\tilde{g}}$   & 2830 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{u}_L}$ & 5440 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{u}_R}$ & 5561 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{e}_R}$ & 4822 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{t}_1}$& 1714 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{t}_2}$& 3915 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{b}_1}$ & 3949 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{b}_2}$ & 5287 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{\tau}_1}$ & 4746 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{\tau}_2}$ & 5110 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{\nu}_{\tau}}$ & 5107 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{\chi}_1^\pm}$ & 261.7 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{\chi}_2^\pm}$ & 1020.6 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{\chi}_1^0}$ & 248.1 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{\chi}_2^0}$ & 259.2 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{\chi}_3^0}$ & 541.0 GeV \\
$m_{\tilde{\chi}_4^0}$ & 1033.9 GeV \\
$m_h$       & 124.7 GeV \\
\hline
$\Omega_{\tilde{z}_1}^{std}h^2$ & 0.016 \\
$BF(b\rightarrow s\gamma)\times 10^4$ & $3.1$ \\
$BF(B_s\rightarrow \mu^+\mu^-)\times 10^9$ & $3.8$ \\
$\sigma^{SI}(\tilde{\chi}_1^0, p)$ (pb) & $2.2\times 10^{-9}$ \\
$\sigma^{SD}(\tilde{\chi}_1^0, p)$ (pb)  & $2.9\times 10^{-5}$ \\
$\langle\sigma v\rangle |_{v\rightarrow 0}$  (cm$^3$/sec)  & $1.3\times 10^{-25}$ \\
$\Delta_{\rm EW}$ & 22 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Input parameters (TeV) and masses (GeV)
for the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ SUSY benchmark point from the NUHM2 model
with $m_t=173.2$ GeV using Isajet 7.88~\cite{Paige:2003mg}.
}
\label{tab:bm}
\end{table}

In Fig. \ref{fig:mhdew}{\it a}), we show regions of light Higgs mass
$m_h$ in the $m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$ plane for the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$
benchmark scenario. From the plot, we can see that the value of $m_h$
is indeed very close to 125 GeV throughout the entire plane except for
very low $\tan\beta\lesssim 6$ where $m_h$ dips below $123$ GeV.
In Fig. \ref{fig:mhdew}{\it b}), we show regions of EW naturalness
measure $\Delta_{EW}$. We see that in the region of $\tan\beta:1-15$,
then $\Delta_{EW}\lesssim 30$ even for $m_A$ extending out as high as
$5$ TeV. For larger $\tan\beta\gtrsim 20$, then $\Delta_{EW}$ moves to
$\sim 45-90$ mainly because the $b$- and $\tau$-Yukawa couplings grow
and lead to large $\Sigma_u^u(\tilde b,\tilde \tau )$ terms.
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{mh.png}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{dew.png}
\caption{{\it a}) Contours of $m_h$ in the $m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$ plane using the
  $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario from the NUHM2 model with $m_0=5$ TeV, $m_{1/2}=1.2$ TeV,
  $A_0=-8$ TeV and $\mu=250$ GeV. {\it b}) Regions of electroweak naturalness
  measure $\Delta_{EW}$ in the same plane as {\it a}).
  \label{fig:mhdew}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Production and decay of $H,\ A$ in the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario}
\label{sec:prodBF}

\subsection{$H$ and $A$ production cross sections in the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario}

The $s$-channel resonance production of the $H$ and $A$ bosons takes place
mainly via $gg$ and $q\bar{q}$ (mainly $b\bar{b}$) fusion reactions at
hadron colliders. The total $H$ and $A$ production cross sections
are shown in the $m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$ plane in Fig. \ref{fig:sigHA14}
for $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV $pp$ collisions-- as are expected at CERN LHC Run 3
and at high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) where of order 300 fb$^{-1}$ (for Run 3)
and 3000 fb $^{-1}$ (for HL-LHC) of integrated luminosity is expected
to be obtained.
For the cross sections, we use the computer code
SusHi\cite{Harlander:2012pb} which contains contributions up to
NNLO in perturbative QCD. The cross sections range from over
$10^4$ fb at low $m_{H,A}\sim 400$ GeV down to $\sigma (pp\rightarrow H,A )<1$ fb for
$m_{H,A}\sim 2$ TeV, and they increase somewhat with increasing $\tan\beta$
where production via $b\bar{b}$ fusion is enhanced.
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{sigH.png}
\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{sigA.png}\\
\caption{The total cross section for {\it a}) $pp\rightarrow H$
  and {\it b}) $pp\rightarrow A$ at $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV using the SusHi
  code\cite{Harlander:2012pb}.
\label{fig:sigHA14}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{$H$ and $A$ branching fractions in the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario}

It is sometimes claimed in the literature that the tree-level
production and decay rates for the $H$ and $A$ bosons depend only
on $m_A$ and $\tan\beta$, and indeed search limits for the heavy Higgs
bosons are typically presented in the $m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$
plane, following the early pioneering work by Kunszt and
Zwirner\cite{Kunszt:1991qe}.
While this is true for the (non-supersymmetric) 2HDM, it is not true for the
MSSM, where the importance of tree level SUSY Higgs boson decays to SUSY
particles was first emphasized in \cite{Baer:1987eb,Gunion:1987ki,Gunion:1988yc}. In the 2HDM, decays of $H$ and $A$ to the heaviest available
fermion pairs will typically dominate, with decays to $b\bar{b}$
and $\tau\bar{\tau}$ enhanced at large $\tan\beta$. However, in SUSY models
there is a direct gauge coupling
\be
{\cal L}\ni-\sqrt{2}\sum_{i,A}{\cal S}_i^\dagger g t_A\bar{\lambda}_A\frac{}{}\psi_i +H.c.
\ee
where ${\cal S}_i$ labels various matter and Higgs scalar fields
(labelled by $i$), $\psi_i$ is the fermionic superpartner of ${\cal S}_i$
and $\lambda_A$ is the gaugino with gauge index $A$.
Also, $g$ is the corresponding gauge coupling for the gauge group in
question and the $t_A$ are the corresponding gauge group matrices.
Letting ${\cal S}_i$ be the Higgs scalar fields,
we see there is an unsuppressed coupling of the Higgs scalars to
gaugino plus higgsino.
This coupling can lead to dominant SUSY Higgs boson decays to SUSY
particles when the gaugino-plus-higgsino decay channel is
kinematically allowed.

In Fig. \ref{fig:BFHtt1}, we plot the $H \rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ branching
fractions as color-coded regions in the
$m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$ plane for {\it a}) the hMSSM and {\it b}) for
our $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ BM scenario.
For the hMSSM, we use the computer code 2HDMC\cite{Eriksson:2009ws}
with $m_h=125$ GeV throughout the $m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$ plane but with decoupled sparticles. We use the ``Physical mass input set''. With the potential parameters $\lambda_i$ as in the tree-level MSSM except $\lambda_2$, which includes a correction term to bring the light CP-even higgs mass to be 125 GeV, the only free physical inputs left are then just $m_A$ and $\tan\beta$.
From frame {\it a}), we see
as expected that for the hMSSM, the $BF(H\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau} )$ increases
with $\tan\beta$. It also increases slightly as $m_A$ increases
since the $\tau$ Yukawa coupling $f_\tau$ increases slightly with scale choice.
In frame {\it b}) for the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ case, we again see an increasing branching fraction as $\tan\beta$ increases, but now as $m_A$
(and hence $m_H$) increases, various SUSY decay modes to EWinos open
up, especially around $m_A\sim 1200$ GeV where decays to gaugino-plus-higgsino
become accessible. We see the $BF(H\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau})$ can drop from 12\%
on the left-side of the plot down to just a few percent on the right-hand-side.
This is due to the fact that the decay to EWinos ultimately dominates
the heavy Higgs branching fraction\cite{Bae:2015nva,Baer:2021qxa}.
There is also a glitch apparent at around $m_A\sim 2500$ GeV in the contours.
This occurs because we include SUSY threshold corrections to the
Yukawa couplings which are implemented at the scale
$m_{SUSY}^2=m_{\tilde t_1}m_{\tilde t_2}$ and so the Yukawa couplings have a
slight discontinuity (see {\it e.g.} Fig. 6 of Ref. \cite{Baer:2012jp}).
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{Htt_hmssm_1.png}
\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{Htt_rns_1.png}\\
\caption{Branching fraction of $H\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$
  in the {\it a}) hMSSM and {\it b}) in the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ benchmark case
  in the $m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$ plane.
\label{fig:BFHtt1}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

It is also helpful to show the explicit $BF(H\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau})$ vs. $m_A$
for two specific choices of $\tan\beta =10$ and 40 for the {\it a})
hMSSM and {\it b}) the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat} )$ model in Fig. \ref{fig:BFHtt2}.
For the hMSSM, we again see the slight increase with increasing $m_A$,
although the BFs stay in the vicinity of 10-15\%.
For the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ case, we see the sharp drop off in
$BF(H\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau})$ as various $H\rightarrow EWinos$ thresholds are passed:
then, ultimately the branching fraction drops below 2\% for
large $m_A$.
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{Htt_hmssm_2.png}
\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{Htt_rns_2.png}\\
\caption{Branching fraction of $H\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$
  in the {\it a}) hMSSM and {\it b}) in the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$  benchmark case
  vs. $m_A$ for $\tan\beta =10$ and 40.
\label{fig:BFHtt2}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Similar behavior is shown in Fig. \ref{fig:BFAtt1}{\it a}) and {\it b})
for the $A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ branching fraction: it has a slight increase with increasing $m_A$ for the hMSSM case but suffers sharp drops in the
$m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ case due to the turn on of $A$ decay to
gaugino-plus-higgsino. This will affect the reach plots in a substantial way.
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{Att_hmssm_1.png}
\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{Att_rns_1.png}\\
\caption{Branching fraction of $A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$
  in the {\it a}) hMSSM and {\it b}) in the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$  benchmark case
  in the $m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$ plane.
\label{fig:BFAtt1}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The corresponding plots of $BF(A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau})$ vs. $m_A$ for
$\tan\beta =10$ and 40 are shown in Fig. \ref{fig:BFAtt2}.
The behavior is rather similar to that already explained for the
$H$ decay.
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{Att_hmssm_2.png}
\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{Att_rns_2.png}\\
\caption{Branching fraction of $A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$
  in the {\it a}) hMSSM and {\it b}) in the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$  benchmark case
  vs. $m_A$ for $\tan\beta =10$ and 40.
\label{fig:BFAtt2}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Signal from back-to-back $\tau\bar{\tau}$ via $m_T$}
\label{sec:mT}

In this Section, we present details from our event generation calculations
for the $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ signal with nearly back-to-back
(BtB) $\tau$s.
For signal and background event generation, we adopt the Pythia 8.07 event
generator\cite{Sjostrand:2007gs} interfaced with the Delphes toy detector simulation\cite{deFavereau:2013fsa}.
For signal, we generate $pp\rightarrow H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$
events with the total cross section adjusted to the SusHi NNLO result.
For SM backgrounds, we generate $q\bar{q}\rightarrow \gamma^*,Z\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$
(Drell-Yan), $t\bar{t}$ and $VV$ production where $VV=W^+W^-,W^\pm Z$ and $ZZ$.

For jet finding, we use the Delphes FASTJET jet finder.
The FASTJET jet finder requires $p_T(jet)>25$ GeV and $\Delta R$ between jets
as $\Delta R_{jj}>0.4$. We also require $|\eta_{jet}|<2.5$.
Delphes includes a hadronic $\tau$-jet finding tool which we also use
which identifies one-and-three charged prong jets as tau jets provided
the tau is within $\Delta R=0.4$ of the jet in question. The Delphes
$\tau$-jet identification efficiency is found to be in the 50\% range
which is well below the ATLAS quoted $\tau$-jet efficiency ID
which is at the 75\% level. We also use the Delphes b-tag algorithm and the Delphes isolated lepton tag which requires
$\Delta R (l, l) > 0.3$ with $|\eta (e,\mu )|<2.5$.

The $\tau_{had}\tau_{had}$ channel are selected by single-$\tau$ trigger $p_T$ cut of 160 GeV. Events contain at least two $\tau_{had}$ identified by the Delphes tau-tag algorithm. The two tau $\tau_{had}$ candidates must have opposite electric charge.

The $\tau_{lep}\tau_{had}$ channel are selected using single-electron and single-muon triggers with $p_T$ threshold of 30 GeV. The events contain exactly one isolated lepton and at least one $\tau_{had}$ candidate. The isolated lepton and the $\tau_{had}$ candidate must have opposite electric charge. Also, we rejected the events that the isolated lepton and the $\tau_{had}$ candidate have an invariant mass between 80 GeV and 110 GeV to reduce the background contribution from $Z\rightarrow ee$.

The events from either channel are further divided into categories of the $b$-tag for events containing at least one $b$-jet and the $b$-veto for events containing no $b$-jets.

After selecting for candidate ditau events,
we plot in Fig. \ref{fig:Dphi} the transverse opening angle
$\Delta\phi (\tau\bar{\tau} )$ from our signal and BG events for
our $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ benchmark point with $m_A=1$ and 2 TeV and
$\tan\beta =10$ and 40. Both the DY background and the signal events
rise to a peak at $180^\circ$ indicating that these events are mostly
back-to-back in the transverse plane as expected. The ditau opening angle from
$t\bar{t}$ and $VV$ are rather less pronounced at $\Delta\phi\sim 180^\circ$.

\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{Dphitautau_had-had-bveto.png}
\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{Dphitautau_had-had-btag.png}\\
\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{Dphitautau_lep-had-bveto.png}
\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{Dphitautau_lep-had-btag.png}\\
\caption{Distribution in transverse ditau opening angle
  $\Delta\phi (\tau\tau )$ for our $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ benchmark
  scenario with $\tan\beta =10$ and $m_A=1$ and 2 TeV.
\label{fig:Dphi}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

We next divide our signal into BtB ditau events,
where $\Delta\phi (\tau\bar{\tau} )>155^\circ$ (this Section)
or non-BtB (acollinear) ditaus where $\Delta\phi (\tau\tau )<155^\circ$
(Sec. \ref{sec:mtautau}).

Then we plot the
total transverse mass variable $m_T^{tot}$ as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:mT}. From the plot, we see that the signal
distributions rise to a peak around $m_T\sim 0.8 m_A$ and then fall off
sharply for $m_T\gtrsim m_A$ due to kinematics
(the cutoff is not completely sharp due to considerable smearing
entering into the signal distributions).
The SM backgrounds are all peaked below $m_T\sim 500$ GeV and have falling
distributions for increasing values of $m_T^{tot}$.

\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.275\textheight]{mT_had-had-bveto.png}
\includegraphics[height=0.275\textheight]{mT_had-had-btag.png}\\
\includegraphics[height=0.275\textheight]{mT_lep-had-bveto.png}
\includegraphics[height=0.275\textheight]{mT_lep-had-btag.png}\\
\caption{Distribution in $m_T^{tot}$ for ditau events with
  $\Delta\phi (\tau\tau )>155^\circ$ for our $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ benchmark
  scenario with $\tan\beta =10$ and $m_A=1$ and 2 TeV after cuts listed
  in the text.
\label{fig:mT}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Signal from acollinear $\tau\bar{\tau}$ via $m_{\tau\tau}$}
\label{sec:mtautau}

For acollinear ditau events (non-BtB), we require
the transverse ditau opening angle $\Delta\phi(\tau\tau )<155^\circ$
so that this data set is orthogonal to the back-to-back ditau set.
For the acolliner ditau events, we also require the presence of an
additional jet in the event besides the $\tau_{had}$ jets (usually an initial-state-radiation (ISR)
jet in the case of signal events): $n_{jets}\ge 1$.
For this configuration,
then we are able to use the tau-tau invariant mass reconstruction trick
since once $\vec{E}_T^{miss}$ is known, and we assume the neutrinos from
each tau decay are collinear with the parent tau direction, then the
ditau invariant mass can be solved for.
Since the taus are ultra-relativistic, the daughter visible decay
products and the associated neutrinos are all boosted in the direction of
the parent $\tau$ momentum.
In the approximation that the visibles (vis) and the neutrinos from the
decay of each tau are all exactly collimated in the tau direction,
we can write the momentum carried off by the neutrinos from the decay
$\tau_1\rightarrow vis_1\nu$ of the first tau as $\xi_1\vec{p}_T(vis_1)$ and
likewise for the second tau.
Momentum conservation in the transverse plane requires
\be
-\vec{p}_T(j)=(1 + \xi_1)\vec{p}_T(vis_1) + (1 + \xi_2)\vec{p}_T(vis_2).
\ee
Since this is really two independent equations
(recall we require $p_T(j) > 25$ GeV), it is possible
to use the measured values of the jet and visible-tau-decay momenta to
solve these to obtain $\xi_1$ and $\xi_2$, event-by-event.
It is simple to check that in the approximation of collinear tau decay, the
squared mass of the di-tau system is given by
\be
m_{\tau\tau}^2 = (1 +\xi_1)(1 +\xi_2)m_{vis_1 vis_2}^2
\ee
For ditau plus jet events from $H,\ A$-decay to taus, we expect
$\xi_i > 0$ and $m_{\tau\tau}^2$ to peak at $m_{H,\ A}^2$.
Moreover, for these events, the missing energy vector will usually point in
between the two $\tau (vis)$ momentum vectors in the transverse plane.
In contrast, for backgrounds where $E_T^{miss}$ arises from neutrinos from
decays of heavy SM particles ($t$, $W$, $Z$), the visible and $E_T^{miss}$
directions are uncorrelated and the $E_T^{miss}$-vector may point well away,
or even backwards, from one of the leptons so that one (or both)
$\xi_i < 0$.

Then we can plot the $m_{\tau\tau}$
distribution, as is shown in Fig. \ref{fig:mtautau} for
$\tan\beta =10$ and 40 and for {\it a}) $m_A=1$ TeV and {\it b}) $m_A=2$ TeV.
From the plot, the DY distribution shows a remnant peak at $m_Z=91.2$ GeV
while $t\bar{t}$ and $VV$ are peaked below $500$ GeV. In contrast,
the $A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ signal distributions are peaked at
$m_{\tau\tau}\sim m_A$ with a width that arises from smearing effects and
non-exact-collinearity of the $\tau$ decay products.

\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=0.275\textheight]{mtautau_had-had-bveto.png}
  \includegraphics[height=0.275\textheight]{mtautau_had-had-btag.png}\\
  \includegraphics[height=0.275\textheight]{mtautau_lep-had-bveto.png}
  \includegraphics[height=0.275\textheight]{mtautau_lep-had-btag.png}\\
\caption{Distribution in $m_{\tau\tau}$ for ditau events with
  $\Delta\phi (\tau\tau )<155^\circ$ and $n_{jet}\ge 1$
  for our $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ benchmark
  scenario with $\tan\beta =10$ and {\it a}) $m_A=1$ and
  {\it b}) $m_A=2$ TeV after cuts listed in the text.
\label{fig:mtautau}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

To illustrate some numerics of our results, in Table \ref{tab:sigma}
we list the resultant signal and background cross sections (in fb)
after all cuts for the cases of
$pp\rightarrow H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ at $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV for
$\tan\beta =10$ and $m_A=1$ TeV, for both the hMSSM and the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$
scenario. From the Table, we see that, as expected, the surviving signal after
cuts from the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario is somewhat diminished
from the hMSSM case due to the diminished branching fractions
$BF(H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau})$. Also, the two signal channels
from $H$ and from $A$ production are nearly comparable.
The dominant background comes from $\gamma^*,Z\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ while
$t\bar{t}$ and $VV$ are smaller but still significant. The signal is
quite smaller in the acollinear channel than in the BtB channel. However, this
is compensated for somewhat by smaller backgrounds in the acollinear channel
than in the BtB channel, which makes the acollinear channel to have a much better $S/B$ ratio than the BtB channel.
\begin{table}[h!]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lcc}
\hline
process & back-to-back (BtB) & acollinear \\
\hline
$H\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}(hMSSM)$ & 0.197 & 0.024 \\
$A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}(hMSSM)$ & 0.222 & 0.027 \\
$H\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}(SUSY)$ & 0.140 & 0.017 \\
$A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}(SUSY)$ & 0.162 & 0.020 \\
\hline
$\gamma^*,Z\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ & 23.33 & 0.586 \\
$t\bar{t}$ & 19.95 & 2.112 \\
$VV$ & 0.663 & 0.069 \\
$total(BG)$ & 43.94 & 2.767 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Cross section (fb) after optimized cuts for the various
  signal and background processes from $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV
  and $\tan\beta =10$ and $m_A=1$ TeV.
}
\label{tab:sigma}
\end{table}

\section{Reach of LHC3 and HL-LHC for $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$}
\label{sec:LHCreach}

After settling on cuts for the BtB and acollinear ditau signals,
it is possible to plot reach plots in terms of exclusion limits or discovery sensitivity for $pp\rightarrow H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$
in the $m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$ plane.

For the exclusion plane, the upper limits for exclusion of a signal are set at the 95\% CL and assume the true distribution one observes in experiment corresponds to background only. They are then computed using a modified frequentist $CL_s$ method\cite{Read_2002} with the profile likelihood ratio as the test statistic.

For the discovery plane, we use $5\sigma$ to denote the discovery and assume the true distribution one observes in experiment corresponds to signal-plus-background. Then we test this against the background only distribution to see if the background only hypothesis could be rejected at a $5\sigma$ level.

In both the exclusion plane and the discovery plane, the asymptotic approximation for getting the median significance is used\cite{Cowan_2011}. The systematic uncertainty is assumed to take $1\sigma$ of the corresponding statistical uncertainty, which is a very conservative rule-of-thumb estimate.

\subsection{Exclusion plane}

As a first step, to compare
with the ATLAS reach of upper limits obtained in their Run 2 search with 139 fb$^{-1}$,
we plot our corresponding exclusion limit in Fig. \ref{fig:exl139_btb_hmssm}. For this plot, we use only the BtB signal in the hMSSM where
$m_h$ is set to 125 GeV, which should compare well with the
$m_h^{125}$ scenario used by ATLAS which contains sparticles at or around 2 TeV,
{\it i.e.} presumably SUSY decay modes are closed for most $m_A$ values
shown in the plot. From Fig. \ref{fig:exl139}, we see our expected
95\% CL exclusion extends to
$m_A\sim 0.9$ TeV for $\tan\beta =10$ which compares favorably with ATLAS. For $\tan\beta =40$, we obtain a 95\% CL exclusion of  $m_A\sim 1.9$ TeV,
which is somewhat better than the ATLAS expected result of $m_A\sim 1.8$ TeV.

\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{exl139_BtBonly_hmssm.png}

\caption{The 95\% CL upper limits with $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and 139 fb$^{-1}$
  for $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ using BtB signal only in
  the hMSSM.
\label{fig:exl139_btb_hmssm}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In Fig. \ref{fig:exl139}, we plot in frame {\it a}) our expected Run 2 exclusion assuming 139 fb$^{-1}$ using the combined BtB and acollinear signal channels
in the hMSSM. The exclusion limit extends to $m_A\sim 0.95$ TeV
for $\tan\beta =10$ and to $m_A\sim 1.95$ TeV for $\tan\beta =40$.
For frame {\it b}), for the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario, then the
corresponding 139 fb$^{-1}$ reach extends to $m_A\sim 0.8$ TeV for
$\tan\beta =10$ and to $m_A\sim 1.8$ TeV for $\tan\beta =40$.

\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{exl139_hmssm.png}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{exl139_susy.png}\\
\caption{The 95\% CL upper limits with $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and 139 fb$^{-1}$
  for $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ in the
  {\it a}) the hMSSM and {\it b}) the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario.
\label{fig:exl139}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In Fig. \ref{fig:exl300}, we present our projected future exclusion plots,
this time for LHC collisions at $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV with 300 fb$^{-1}$
of integrated luminosity, as would be expected from LHC Run 3.
Here, we use both the BtB and acollinear signals.
For Run 3, we see in frame {\it a}) for the hMSSM with
$\tan\beta =10$, the 95\% CL exclusion extends out to
$m_A\sim 1.1$ TeV while the $\tan\beta =40$ exclusion extends to
$m_A\sim 2.3$ TeV. For the frame {\it b}) case with the
$m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario, the 95\% CL reach for $\tan\beta =10$
extends to $m_A\sim 1$ TeV whilst for $\tan\beta =40$ the Run 3
exclusion extends to $m_A\sim 2$ TeV. Thus, comparing the Run 2 139 fb$^{-1}$
exclusion to that expected from LHC Run 3, we find an extra gain in exclusion  of
$m_A$ of $\sim 0.1-0.2$ TeV. The presence of (natural) SUSY decay modes
tends to reduce the LHC exclusion by $\sim 0.2$ TeV compared to the hMSSM.
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{exl300_hmssm.png}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{exl300_susy.png}\\
\caption{The 95\% CL upper limits with $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV and 300 fb$^{-1}$
  for $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ in
  {\it a}) the hMSSM and {\it b}) the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario.
  \label{fig:exl300}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In Fig. \ref{fig:exl3000}, we plot our projected exclusion limits of HL-LHC
for $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ at $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV with 3000 fb$^{-1}$.
From frame {\it a}) in the hMSSM case, we find a HL-LHC 95\% CL exclusion out to
$m_A\sim 1.5$ TeV for $\tan\beta =10$ and out to $m_A\sim 2.8$ TeV for
$\tan\beta =40$. If instead we invoke the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$
SUSY scenario, then the corresponding HL-LHC exclusion drops to
$m_A\sim 1.3$ TeV for $\tan\beta =10$ and to $m_A\sim 2.6$ TeV
for $\tan\beta =40$, {\it i.e.} a drop in reach of about $0.2$ TeV
in moving from the hMSSM to the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario.
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{exl3000_hmssm.png}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{exl3000_susy.png}\\
\caption{The 95\% CL upper limits with $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV and 3000 fb$^{-1}$
  for $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ in
  {\it a}) the hMSSM and {\it b}) the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario.
  \label{fig:exl3000}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Discovery plane}

To compare with the ATLAS reach in the discovery plane obtained in their Run 2 search with 139 fb$^{-1}$,
we show our corresponding results in Fig. \ref{fig:dis139_btb_hmssm}.
For this plot, we use only the BtB signal in the hMSSM where
$m_h$ is set to 125 GeV, which should compare well with the
$m_h^{125}$ scenario used by ATLAS which contains sparticles at or around 2 TeV,
{\it i.e.} presumably SUSY decay modes are closed for most $m_A$ values
shown in the plot. From Fig. \ref{fig:dis139}, we see our expected
$5\sigma$ reach extends to
$m_A\sim 0.75$ TeV for $\tan\beta =10$ which compares favorably wih ATLAS. For $\tan\beta =40$, we obtain a $5\sigma$ reach of  $m_A\sim 1.7$ TeV,
which is somewhat better than the ATLAS expected reach of $m_A\sim 1.6$ TeV.

\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{dis139_BtBonly_hmssm.png}
\caption{The discovery sensitivity at $5\sigma$ level with $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and 139 fb$^{-1}$
  for $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ using BtB signal only in
  the hMSSM.
\label{fig:dis139_btb_hmssm}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In Fig. \ref{fig:dis139}, we plot in frame {\it a}) our expected Run 2 discovery reach
assuming 139 fb$^{-1}$ using the combined BtB and acollinear signal channels in the hMSSM. The $5\sigma$ discovery reach for $\tan\beta =10$ extends to $m_A=0.7$ TeV and for $\tan\beta =40$ to $m_A=1.7$ TeV.
For frame {\it b}), for the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario, then the
corresponding 139 fb$^{-1}$ $5\sigma $ discovery reach extends to $m_A\sim 0.7$ TeV for
$\tan\beta =10$ and to $m_A\sim 1.6$ TeV for $\tan\beta =40$.

\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{dis139_hmssm.png}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{dis139_susy.png}\\
\caption{The discovery sensitivity with $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and 139 fb$^{-1}$
  for $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ in the
  {\it a}) the hMSSM and {\it b}) the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario.
\label{fig:dis139}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In Fig. \ref{fig:dis300}, we present our future $5\sigma$ discovery sensitivity reach,
this time for LHC collisions at $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV with 300 fb$^{-1}$
of integrated luminosity, as would be expected from LHC Run 3.
Here, we use both the BtB and acollinear signals.
For Run 3, we see in frame {\it a}) for the hMSSM the
$\tan\beta =10$ discovery reach extends out to
$m_A\sim 0.8$ TeV while the $\tan\beta =40$ reach extends to
$m_A\sim 1.8$ TeV. For the frame {\it b}) case with the
$m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario, the discovery sensitivity reach for $\tan\beta =10$
extends to $m_A\sim 0.75$ TeV whilst for $\tan\beta =40$ the Run 3
reach extends to $m_A\sim 1.75$ TeV. Thus, comparing the Run 2 139 fb$^{-1}$
reach to that expected from LHC Run 3, we find an extra gain in reach of
$m_A$ of $\sim 0.1-0.2$ TeV. The presence of (natural) SUSY decay modes
tends to reduce the LHC reach by $\sim 0.1$ TeV compared to the hMSSM.
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{dis300_hmssm.png}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{dis300_susy.png}\\
\caption{The discovery sensitivity with $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV and 300 fb$^{-1}$
  for $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ in
  {\it a}) the hMSSM and {\it b}) the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario.
  \label{fig:dis300}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In Fig. \ref{fig:dis3000}, we plot our discovery reach of HL-LHC
for $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ at $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV with 3000 fb$^{-1}$.
From frame {\it a}) in the hMSSM case, we find a HL-LHC discovery sensitivity reach out to
$m_A\sim 1.25$ TeV for $\tan\beta =10$ and out to $m_A\sim 2.45$ TeV for
$\tan\beta =40$. If instead we invoke the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$
SUSY scenario, then the corresponding HL-LHC reaches drop to
$m_A\sim 1.15$ TeV for $\tan\beta =10$ and to $m_A\sim 2.25$ TeV
for $\tan\beta =40$, {\it i.e.} a drop in reach of about $0.2$ TeV
in moving from the hMSSM to the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario.
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{dis3000_hmssm.png}
  \includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{dis3000_susy.png}\\
\caption{The discovery sensitivity with $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV and 3000 fb$^{-1}$
  for $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ in
  {\it a}) the hMSSM and {\it b}) the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario.
  \label{fig:dis3000}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Comparing reach results to expectations from the string landscape}

It is instructive to compare the various LHC upgrade reach in $m_A$ to recent
theoretical predictions for SUSY Higgs bosons from the string landscape
picture\cite{Baer:2020kwz}, which also offers a solution to the cosmological constant problem.
In a statistical scan of pocket universes within the greater multiverse as
expected from the string landscape, one expects a power-law draw to large soft
terms\cite{Douglas:2004qg}, including $m_{H_d}^2$ which tends to set the mass scale for $m_{A,H}$.
However, the draw to large soft terms is tempered by the requirement that
contributions to the weak scale should not lie outside the
Agrawal-Barr-Donoghue-Seckel (ABDS) anthropic window\cite{Agrawal:1998xa} lest the weak scale
become too big and complex nuclei and hence atoms as we know them do not form (atomic principle).
In such a setting, the expected statistical predictions in the
$m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta$ plane were plotted in Fig. 9 of Ref. \cite{Baer:2019xww}.
In that Figure, the string landscape with an $n=1$ power-law draw to
large soft terms typically has $m_A$ extending from $1-8$ TeV with
$\tan\beta \sim 10-20$. By comparing our LHC reach plots from either exclusion plane or discovery plane with the string
landscape expectation, we see that even HL-LHC will only probe a small portion
of the theory-expected region of parameter space.

\section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:conclude}

In this paper, we have re-examined the current LHC and LHC-upgrades reach for
SUSY Higgs bosons in a natural SUSY model with $m_h\simeq 125$ GeV.
This led us to propose the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario where a
100 GeV weak scale emerges because all contributions to the weak scale are
comparable to or less than the measured weak scale, in accord with
practical naturalness.
This scenario is a more plausible SUSY benchmark than many
others proposed in the literature in that it requires no implausible finetunings
of parameters in order to gain a value for the weak scale in accord with its measured value. The price of this natural SUSY scenario is that for
$m_A\gtrsim 1-2$ TeV, as is being presently explored at LHC, the
$H,\ A$ decay modes to gaugino+higgsino are frequently open and can even dominate the heavy Higgs branching ratios, thus diluting the
value of the $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ branching fraction as expected in the
hMSSM, or other unnatural SUSY models with a heavy spectrum of SUSY particles.

We also revisited the $H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ discovery channels.
Along with the channel used by ATLAS and CMS of BtB ditaus, we
advocated for inclusion of acollinear ditaus where the ditau invariant mass
can be reconstructed under the assumption that the daughter neutrinos
from $\tau$ lepton decay are collinear with the parent $\tau$ direction.
This additional signal channel can substantially increase the signal
compared to using only the BtB ditau channel.

Using the combined BtB and acollinear ditau signals along with the
$m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$ scenario (and the hMSSM for comparison), we
evaluated the present LHC and future LHC upgrades
exclusion limits and $5\sigma$ discovery reach for
$H,\ A\rightarrow\tau\bar{\tau}$ in the $m_A$ vs. $\tan\beta $ plane.
For $\tan\beta =10$, the reach for $m_A$ in the $m_h^{125}({\rm nat})$
senario for Run 2 (Run 3) ((HL-LHC))
extends to $m_A\sim 1$ TeV (1.1 TeV) ((1.4 TeV)).
This will probe some additional chunk of parameter space, although
string landscape  predictions allow $m_A$ values up to $\sim 8$ TeV,
so much higher energy hadron colliders will be needed for a complete
coverage of heavy Higgs boson parameter space.

{\it Acknowledgements:}

This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Award Number DE-SC-0009956 and DE-SC-001764.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Lymphomas arising in the dura mater represent a rare subset of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). The majority of primary dural lymphoma (PDL) are low-grade marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) characterized by an indolent course and favorable long-term outcomes. Primary aggressive dural lymphomas are exceedingly rare with a paucity of cases reported in the literature. Herein, we describe a case of primary lymphoblastic dural lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the second report of an isolated dural B-lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-LBL) in an immunocompetent patient.


text:
USA Midwest
Highway and Road Construction Updates
By GRDadof3,
July 19, 2006 in Grand Rapids
GRDadof3
Location: Metro Grand Rapids
No lie, I'm really looking forward to them restarting the I-196/96 rebuild again, since I travel that route multiple times daily. The slowdowns will be a pain but that section of I-196 they haven't done yet is so shitty now. I feel like I'm driving into Flint.
GRDadof3 276 posts
MJLO 44 posts
Floyd_Z 49 posts
Raildude's dad 87 posts
mgreven
There's even one in the Smithsonian... Sorry the photo is the wrong way... It's in the Museum of American History exhibit on presidents, FYI.
organsnyder
My guess is Whitmer has no intention of getting what she's asking for. Make an absurdly high (to some people, at least) starting proposal, and give the Republicans the ability to claim victory by "neg
Raildude's dad
I checked with my source LOL. No lighting Fuller to EBL, MDOT deems it a "rural" area. She laid out EB 96 to WB 196 when she was working on the "Flip" to make sure it will work when MDOT pulls the t
Location: Grand Rapids MI
4 hours ago, GRDadof3 said:
No lie, I'm really looking forward to them restarting the I-196/96 rebuild again, since I travel that route multiple times daily. The slowdowns will be a pain but that section of I-196 they haven't done yet is so crapty now. I feel like I'm driving into Flint.
What are you replying to? I'll remind you of this when you and many are complaining about the backups every rush hour LOL
54equalsunity
Location: Creston
Ooh you haven't been to Flint in a while, I'm guessing? They redid the section of 69 from 75 to the Saginaw St ramp. I totally get the comparison, though.
Sent from my Pixel 2 using Tapatalk
19 hours ago, Raildude's dad said:
I wasn't, I was just pontificating.
I will complain but I'm hoping that this portion won't take as long since a lot of the heavy lifting is done already. Wishful thinking. My main complaint is when they make a major closure and then the city closes a bunch of the side streets so you basically can't get anywhere.
Got the real scoop yesterday. They will finish up the interchange this summer. The interchange to Fuller will be 3 laned in 2012 so 2 more summers of work on I-196 from the Beltline to Fuller.
Oh yuck, they can't do the 3 lane expansion this year? Even with Whitmer's bonding idea? I'd rather they just get it all over with.
Floyd_Z
Location: Grand Rapids
Speaking of the bond money.... I looked at the list of projects and it seems like everything is mainly resurfacing with some reconstruction. I didn't really see any widening projects (except for I-196) Are W. MI roads really not going to see any lanes added?
1 hour ago, Floyd_Z said:
I haven't heard of any widenings, other than the I-196 section from the Beltline to Fuller.
cutlervillegr
13 hours ago, Floyd_Z said:
https://www.mlive.com/news/2020/01/see-which-roads-in-your-area-gov-whitmers-borrowing-plan-would-fix.html
Mlive did an article about this a couple of weeks ago. Only widening project I saw was M-37 (Broadmoor/Beltline Ave) from 76th to 92nd Streets in Caledonia. Very much needed widening project. Of course, that's not until 2024.
1 hour ago, cutlervillegr said:
I know a higher up at Gaines Township, I think it will be sooner than that. They're starting community input sessions this month I think.
Other than that I can't really think of any highways or state-owned roads that need to be widened. Maybe Wilson? I-196 West of downtown needs to be rebuilt, which I know is in the works, especially the offramps and the Lane Avenue on-ramp. I hope that is part of that project.
Maybe also I-196 Westbound from Cascade Road to the Beltline interchange.
4 minutes ago, GRDadof3 said:
Other than that I can't really think of any highways or state-owned roads that need to be widened. Maybe Wilson? I-196 West of downtown needs to be rebuilt, which I know is in the works, especially the offramps and the Lane Avenue on-ramp.
Funny you should mention Wilson. I was reading through some of Walker's master plans and it mentioned that Wilson was intended to be a "West Beltline" Anyone think we'll see it turned into a divided highway similar to the East Beltline? Traffic over there is pretty crazy. With those new apartments and the new Farm and Fleet and Aldi it's only going to increase. A lot of the land to the south is owned by developers and I would think it's getting close to being developed.
1 hour ago, GRDadof3 said:
Technically, M-37 doesn't pass through Gaines Township (NE boundary is 60th and Patterson). So, is this an expansion of the infrastructure around M-37 & M-6 for the new industrial/warehouse growth occurring around that area? Some additional lanes for 60th, 68th, Patterson, could be useful. M-6 clogs every afternoon at the M-37 interchange, so there is some opportunity there, too.
If money or time or forward thinking weren't issues, I would suggest quite a few highway expansions: Re-build and expand I-196 from the Beltline to Hudsonville (I know I-196 is getting rebuilt from Grandville to Hudsonville right now, but why not add an additional lane for future growth in Ottawa County)? Expand I-96 from 28th Street to I-196 exit? Expand US-131 from I-96 to 10 Mile Rd? Shoot, why let Wilson become the "West Beltline"? The East Beltline is a mess during rush hours. Why not make it a limited access freeway connecting 28th Street @ I-196 to I-96?
And lest we get too crazy with adding only highway lane miles, why not keep moving forward with the commuter rail option from Holland to downtown GR?
A couple comments:
1 The widening of I-196 from the Beltline to Fuller wasn't even on the docket until the infusion of the increased funding a couple years ago. The project was added with the new money. The design is being completed and should be bid later this year.
2 - The design of the M-37 widening was just assigned by MDOT to the Grand Rapids office of AECOM. I happen to know the lead design engineer pretty good:). The first meeting with MDOT was last week
Also keep in mind, additional lanes don't necessarily solve the problem. Capacity is also a function of intersection capacity. Heavy left turning movements take away from thru capacity. Heavy turning movements on both roads really hurt thru capacity.
Edited February 8, 2020 by Raildude's dad
3 hours ago, cutlervillegr said:
No, a lot of Gaines Twp residents use M-37 every day. That's why it's important to Gaines Twp. I believe the work they're talking about is from 68th or 76th South through Caledonia. Maybe to 100th?
wingbert
On 2/8/2020 at 8:57 AM, GRDadof3 said:
^^^^ This!
WMrapids
Looks like Zeeland is planning for the eventual extension of M-231 for a connection to I-196. They were approached by MDOT about acquiring parcels in the area.
https://www.fox17online.com/news/local-news/lakeshore/ottawa/homeowners-concerned-about-state-highway-expansions-possible-home-demolition
16 minutes ago, WMrapids said:
Chisox
Location: Chicago - NW 'Burbs
Having driven in the Grand Rapids area exploring for about a year or so I thought this maybe a defining moment for the area in terms of suburban development.
The i231 project may be another catalyst for the center of the area to fill in. It's going to start in Allendale or western part of the township. Obviously there's more to development than that, but I bet in 25-50 years people will look to this project.
The way the Grand Rapids area is laid out reminds me of the Chicago area before 1950 when it was a triplex. Then i290-i294 allowed the area to basically fill in considerably during the late 50s to 60s and beyond.
Pattmost20
Location: Grand Rapids, MI
GVSU will be transforming Mt Vernon into a pedestrian walkway.
6 hours ago, Chisox said:
I think this is very much needed and will be crucial in the future. As of right now it's a two lane highway. Did MDOT purchase enough ROW to expand this into a proper freeway in the future? Right now it seems like it's not set up to act as a proper bypass to 31, connecting it to I-196 makes a lot of sense. I wonder if the connection would be between Holland and Zeeland or east of Zeeland. Maybe someone who knows someone who works for MDOT can enlighten us?
8 minutes ago, Floyd_Z said:
I don't doubt it's needed, but I bet it's going to accelerate growth in the western areas then maybe expand to a true interstate style roadway.
I don't know officially, but I saw quite a bit of room on both sides to expand. It looked well cleared. It's grade separated almost 100%.
With all the development in the SW metro around Georgetown, Jamestown, Hundsonville, Allendale, etc, I'm still kind of surprised there isn't an "M6 Extenstion" going north through Alledale to Coopserville/96
Khorasaurus1
It's planned to connect to 196 east of Byron Road, then loop around the east and north sides of Zeeland, and then north to M-45.
But I don't think it's on MDOT's plan for 10+ years...
Edited February 13, 2020 by Khorasaurus1
MJLO
Location: Louisville Kentucky
They definitely purchased enough land along M-231 to build a full limited access freeway. I used to drive that multiple times a week when I worked in Grand Haven. Half of the bridge over the Grand River is used as a bike/walking area, which I just assumed is slated for conversion to traffic if/when future freeway plans were implemented.
It is definitely sorely needed. Ottawa County is about to pass Ingham County in population and be the 7th most populous county in Michigan. It has ONE direct north/south thoroughfare, and that's US-31 on the Western edge of the county. If you want to travel north/south in any of the surging townships in the interior of the county, you have to zig zag through a series of country roads. There isn't another north/south option until you get to Wilson Ave in Kent County, and even that is grossly under built for current traffic patterns.
I know I'm in the minority here, but I'd gladly pay the governors proposed gas tax if it brought the roads in the area to standard through much needed expansion. The Grand Rapids metro has one of the most under-developed road networks for its size. It's not just a nuisance, it can be economically limiting. My assumption has always been that they invested so heavily in the SE Michigan infrastructure 60 years ago, that they have never had the resources to upgrade infrastructure here(I'm sure @Raildude's dad can correct me on that). The population in the Grand Rapids metro has doubled in that time, while SE MI has only grown about 25%. There is still no direct freeway connection from the state border. Though it sounds like they are finally finishing that last segment of US-31 in Berrien County which will complete it.


text:
world brain real reason man live humans parents eat people fact earth point sleep human trump kids car future year life love time technically sex money years christmas
Time Loves Comments Score
+53Here's what I think may actually be going on with Iran. amirite? More
82%Yeah You Are18%No Way
-32Twitter is not an accurate representation of public opinion. It kind of was in the beginning, but Twitter's admin has gone out of its way to get rid of the right side of the political spectrum and promote the left. It was intended to influence politics, but it has completely screwed up Hollywood, which had come to rely on Twitter to gauge public opinion. So instead of that "public input" allowing them to make popular movies, they started making unpopular movies. They thought the public's tastes had changed, but actually Twitter stopped being an accurate representation of public opinion, amirite?
+39I started a new Youtube account and went around adding my subscriptions to it. I searched for Tim Pool, and got the response "No results found", tried it again, same result. So I took a screenshot. Youtube is suppressing sources of accurate information, amirite?
+30YURI BEZMENOV: the ideological subversion of America, everyone should know about this, amirite? More
+39The word diversity is thrown around a lot these days, it has kind of an interesting history, amirite? diversity | Origin and meaning of diversity by Online Etymology DictionaryMeaning: "variety, diverseness;" late 14c., "quality of being diverse, fact of difference between two or more things or kinds;… See more definitions.https://www.etymonline.com/word/diversity
+40There is justice, and there is injustice. Social justice is a way of dressing up injustice so it looks more palatable.
You would never go out and beat, harass or otherwise victimize some innocent person would you?
That would be an injustice.
Ah, but you see, he's not innocent, he's an oppressor (even though he's not bothering you) he's an evil racist bigoted hater (even though you've never talked with him) and he needs to pay, amirite? Masked Antifa activists harass elderly couple in Canada - YouTubeSeveral Antifa members crowded around an elderly woman with a rolling walker, blocking her from crossing a street outside a college in Canada, where they hel...https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZ02eeYPKEU
+55Here's something weird: Soviet means "council," the European Council "is a collective body that defines the European Union's overall political direction and priorities" according to their website. So the European Union is essentially a union directed by a council, or soviet, a soviet union, amirite? More The European Council - ConsiliumThe European Council is made up of the leaders of the EU member states. It defines the EU's overall political direction and priorities but does not pass laws.https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/european-council/
+59You don't have to agree with your friends' opinions, amirite?
+66JFK: "For we are opposed around the world by a monolithic and ruthless conspiracy that relies primarily on covert means for expanding its sphere of influence--on infiltration instead of invasion, on subversion instead of elections, on intimidation instead of free choice, on guerrillas by night instead of armies by day." The cold war never ended, did it? amirite? More
91%Yeah You Are9%No Way
+61We've gained convenience when it comes to photos, but we've lost permanence. How many of the pictures you've taken in the last decade are made into prints? Probably none. The continued existence of most people's photos is dependent on technological infrastructure. I don't think that's smart, anything you want to keep should get printed, amirite?
+65If someone of another ethnicity makes themselves up to resemble someone of your ethnicity, does that offend you? Because as a white guy, I honestly do not give a single f**k if someone makes themselves up to look like a white person. I don't care what the circumstances are, I don't care what their intent is, I just don't care, and frankly I don't understand why anyone would. What do you think, amirite?
+75You don't have to be insane to be on Twitter but you'll fit right in if you are. Amirite? More


text:
A Ukrainian MLRS, or Multiple Launch Rocket System, takes a position on the frontline at an undisclosed location in the Donetsk region on Thursday, Nov. 24,…
A Ukrainian MLRS, or Multiple Launch Rocket System, takes a position on the frontline at an undisclosed location in the Donetsk region on Thursday, Nov. 24, 2022.
US, Germany to supply Ukraine with more fighting vehicles
The United States and Germany have agreed to send additional fighting vehicles to Ukraine, a decision that could pave the way for allies to eventually send Kyiv formidable Western tanks in its fight against Russia.
The deal, which was cemented after President Biden and German Chancellor Olaf Scholz spoke by phone Wednesday, means Washington with send the Bradley Fighting Vehicle, and Germany intends to provide Ukraine with Marder Infantry Fighting Vehicles, the White House announced in a Thursday release.
Biden and Scholz "expressed their common determination to continue to provide the necessary financial, humanitarian, military and diplomatic support to Ukraine for as long as needed," the statement said, adding that the two countries plan to train Kyiv's forces on the respective systems.
The Bradleys will be included as part of "another round of security assistance for Ukraine" anticipated on Friday, the Pentagon's top spokesperson Brig. Gen. Pat Ryder told reporters later on Thursday.
The Army's primary infantry fighting vehicle, the Bradley is a powerful armored and tracked vehicle that carries a turret-mounted machine gun. Made by BAE Systems, the vehicle has been called a "tank killer," capable of destroying any other vehicle on the battlefield with its heavy firepower.
The decision by the United States and Germany follows France's Wednesday announcement that it will send Ukraine its own light battle tanks, the AMX-10 RC armored fighting vehicle, becoming the first nation to arm the embattled country with the Western-style fighting vehicles.
The vehicles will likely boost Ukraine's battle abilities, as they are lighter and more agile than the Soviet-era tanks Ukraine has, which also includes those given by European countries after Russia first attacked on Feb. 24.
But President Volodymyr Zelensky, who on Wednesday thanked France for the contribution, still urged the West to send its tanks, such as the Abrams or Leopard, and other heavy weapons.
"There is no rational reason why Ukraine has not yet been supplied with Western tanks," Zelensky said.
The United States has already given Ukraine more than 2,000 combat vehicles, including Humvees and Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected vehicles. The addition of the Bradley, however, will boost Kyiv's battle abilities as it plans a renewed spring offensive in the east.
The United States and Germany also on Thursday "affirmed their intention to further support Ukraine's urgent requirement for air defense capabilities" in light of Russia's ongoing missile and drone attacks against Ukraine's critical infrastructure.
That follows the U.S. announcement last month to send a Patriot air defense missile battery to Ukraine. Germany will also supply an additional Patriot air defense battery to Kyiv.
— Updated at 8:18 p.m.
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Shortly after getting back from India, I had to turn around and hop on a flight back to Maryland. It was for a time sensitive emergency that couldn't be resolved here in Vienna. Although it was a short visit, it allowed me some time to catch up with family and girlfriends. I was reminded of how strong my friendships were with these girls and that it didn't seem like a year had pass since I last saw them. It was comforting and heartwarming. My family and friends also spoiled me with great meals whether it be home-cooked or out. This was a great little trip back to the familiar, but I'm glad to be home with Hubs.
No one makes a crabcake like the state of Maryland. NO ONE!
It was so lovely to see you!! Love reading about your adventures. You are so good at it! Can't wait to see you again.


Hong Kong's Financial Secretary, John C Tsang, has delivered a budget for the 2010-11 fiscal year that includes a relief package to build on the economic recovery, additional taxes to reduce volatility in the property market, and further measures to strengthen the competitiveness of the asset management industry.
While for 2009 as a whole Hong Kong's gross domestic product (GDP) only fell by 2.7%, and growth in GDP of up to 5% is expected this year, the government is still concerned about the sustainability of the current economic recovery. There will therefore, only be a slow withdrawal of the exceptional measures, totalling HKD87.6bn (USD11.3bn) previously taken by the government to protect the economy.
He was concerned that some people have yet to benefit from the economic recovery, and therefore announced an HKD20bn relief package that includes tax rebates, rates concessions and public housing rental waivers, to provide financial assistance to the community during the economic recovery.
The package includes reducing 75% of salaries tax and tax under personal assessment for 2009-10, subject to a ceiling of HKD6,000; waiving rates for 2010-11, subject to a ceiling of HKD1,500 per quarter for each rateable property; and waiving business registration fees for one year.
He disclosed that, due to the surge in global liquidity as a result of the eased monetary policies in a number of countries, Hong Kong has received an inflow of funds exceeding HKD640bn since the fourth quarter of 2008, increasing the potential risk of creating asset-price bubbles, particularly in the property market. The government is also concerned that if capital flows were to reverse or interest rates rebound, asset prices would become more volatile.
He said that government is closely monitoring the situation in the property market. The inflow of funds has fuelled an increase in the prices of luxury flats, which to some extent has affected the prices of small and medium-sized flats. Overall, property prices are 8% above their peaks before the global recession.
As part of the effort to develop offshore renminbi (RMB) business and make Hong Kong a global financial centre and asset management centre, the government, together with the Chinese authorities, will continue to study the ongoing refinements to the RMB trade settlement services, and to promote the expanded use of RMB outside the Mainland. It will also continue to develop the RMB clearing platform in Hong Kong, thereby facilitating Hong Kong's development as a regional RMB settlement centre.
The government will also continue to promote the development of RMB bond business in Hong Kong, such as expanding the issuance size of bonds and increasing the types of bond issuers and the classes of qualified investors. It is also hoped that RMB sovereign bonds will be issued on a regular basis in Hong Kong and that RMB-denominated investment products will be developed.
He proposed to introduce a number of measures to strengthen the competitiveness of the asset management industry. Firstly, the stamp duty concession in respect of the trading of exchange traded funds will be extended to cover funds that track indices comprising up to 40% of Hong Kong stocks. It is expected that this will reduce the trading cost and promote the diversification and healthy growth of the exchange traded funds market.
For the local bond market, currently a concessionary profits tax rate at 50% of the normal rate is applied to the interest income and profits derived from qualifying debt instruments with a maturity period of less than seven years but not less than three years. He has extended this concession to cover qualifying debt instruments with a maturity period of less than three years.
In addition, to attract more fund managers to manage overseas funds in Hong Kong the Commissioner of Inland Revenue will further clarify the definition of "central management and control" to address the industry's concern about the residency requirement for directors of the management committee of offshore funds in their applications for profits tax exemption.
The budget also includes a proposal to update the lists of recognized stock exchanges and futures exchanges under the ordinance to extend the application of tax exemption for offshore funds engaged in futures trading.
Finally, with regard to intellectual property, under the existing tax arrangements, capital expenditure by enterprises to purchase patent rights and industrial know-how is deductible under profits tax. To promote the wider application of intellectual property by enterprises and the development of creative industries, Tsang will extend the deduction to cover registered trademarks, copyrights and registered designs. The IRD will formulate detailed proposals.
Furthermore, the patent application grant under the Innovation and Technology Fund provides funding support to Hong Kong companies and inventors in their first patent applications so as to help them capitalize and protect their intellectual work. To further encourage creativity and innovation, the government will raise the grant ceiling for each case from HKD100,000 to HKD150,000.