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BANABA UNDER JAPANESE OCCUPATION WORLD WAR II
Lieutenant-Commander Suzuki Naoomi, Commander of Japanese forces on Ocean Island was executed as a War Criminal for atrocities on Banaba (Ocean Island)
Extracts: Chapter 27 - JAPANESE OCCUPATION "Te Rii Ni Banaba - The Backbone of Banaba"
by R. K. Sigrah & S. M. King
New Ebook Edition Available for download
First Published IPS, University of South Pacific, Fiji 2001, Second edition Banaban Vision Publications 2019.
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF BANABA
The following information comes from the detailed report of the committee appointed by the Kiribati government to investigate the death, injury, damage and other atrocities, which happened in Kiribati during World War II. Through first-hand accounts from survivors, the committee uncovered some information which has never been brought to public attention before. It was tabled in the Kiribati Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (House of Assembly) as recently as November 1996.
The report covers all aspects of the effects of war on Kiribati and its citizens. Details include the names and ages of people who were killed and injured, along with where and how it happened (Appendix 10). It describes injuries received, war damages, loss of property and personal possessions, and incidents of ill-treatment.
For the first time, these survivors tell their story of what happened to them during the invasion of Banaba by the Japanese. We give their accounts in English translations, which are as close to the original transcripts as possible to accurately convey their first-hand experiences of these events.
SAMUELU KAIPATI'S STORY
The following information comes from Samuelu Kaipati, a Banaban interviewed by committee chair Titan Itetau, MP for Marakei. At the time of the interview, Samuelu was '69 plus' years of age.
When Samuelu was asked how many Banabans were left behind at the outbreak of war, he answered, 'more than 600 plus'. Government records state 'over 500'. Australian army intelligence, 27 August 1945, referring to the Pacific Island Year Book 1942, used a figure of 700 Banabans. We feel this latter figure is more accurate, taking into account the number of Banabans who died during the Japanese occupation and the number of survivors who arrived on Rabi in December 1945.
The Japanese invasion
• What happened when the Japanese landed?
When the Japanese landed they destroyed the store, and they were looking for the wireless house. They destroyed it, they captured the Europeans with the Father. So Mr Cartwright who was here and one of the wireless men by the name of Mr Sei [Ron Third], and one of the BPC men by the name of Mr Goal [Cole] and the Father [Father Pujabet]. So they gathered all these people to one of the BPC buildings. When they were in that house they were guarded by a Japanese and put on rations... They were not given cigarettes. They would have a chance to smoke when people went past and dropped cigarettes next to their cells, hiding them from the soldiers... While they were staying in the prison for about three months the Father became sick. He was taken in a sidecar on a Japanese motorbike to the hospital for the purpose of treatment, but later on, the truth came out that the Japanese had been cutting up his stomach, so he died. Once the Father was taken away he was never to be seen again. Three weeks later the Europeans were taken by the Japanese and none of them ever returned. Nobody knows where they were killed.
Lost of possessions and hunger
• Did people get injured when the Japanese took away their possessions?
Yes, one victim didn't give any of his stuff to these people. He was taken to the northern side of Banaba to the place name of Bareimwin, he was killed. Another person who didn't want to give his stuff was slapped by the butt of a rifle, his name was Tebuke, he was an old man. He was a Banaban ... that's why they treated him this way. This old man wanted to fight but they stopped him. But he didn't want to stop, and when they got what they wanted they left him ... A few months later other people came along as workers and these people came from a company known as Nangok, te Nangko Company [Nanyo Kohatu Kabushiki Kaisa] ... The workers came to help in retaining the power plant which the BPC left and other things ... The Japanese couldn't work the church generator, but they kept on trying until they got the power on ... people who came with the Japanese were the Okinawans and Koreans. They stayed amongst the Banabans until the food ran short ... there were some other problems that happened because the Banabans had already run out of food. They had nothing left over from the BPC cargoes ... so the soldiers began to ration the people on a very low portion.
... the Japanese began to make other plans on how to survive. They sent 60 young people from Banaba who were Gilbertese and the tall ones to Kusaie ... So these people could send back bwabwai and coconuts. So when the food arrived they split it up amongst the people as a ration ... It is not good, and when you eat the coconut it bites back on your tongue ... It's gone mouldy. There is nothing we can do about it, we will have to take it in order to survive.
... And besides that, we look for our own food. We eat all sorts of leaves, even the leaves of the creeping plants, the leaves of the trees that grow beside the sea waters, the leaves of the grass known as the 'boy'. The inner soft part of the coconut tree, the inner stem of the pawpaw tree; which we peeled the skin off and start to mash up the inner part and mix it with fresh toddy and start to boil it. ... we eat it the best way we can so we don't go hungry because there was no more food left. We have some other source of food from the sea, such as fish, but the problem when we go out fishing and when we come back the Japanese will force us and take away our fish. If you don't want to give, you were beaten up and they took away your fish. So a father will go back home after fishing the whole day under the sun, to his crying wife and children because they were hungry. Even though the father will be as tired as can be there is one thing he can share with his family on his return, is his tears. And that is what they used to do to us every day... we will have to share our fish with the soldiers in the hope that we will have some to take home.
Beatings and ill-treatment
• What was the difference living under the Japanese?
All the good things were put aside for the Japanese. And what is enough for them cannot be shared with the people. So, the solution came that people will have to be dispersed to other islands. But before we were split up, the Japanese were organising things and setting the rules and giving orders on the island. They set the punishment for the offences committed by the people. Some people were beaten with the local timber known as te ngea, one of the hardwood on Banaba. The people will be given the amount of strokes according to their offences. Starting from five strokes, 10 strokes, 20 strokes up to how big the offence is. Some people will have broken backbones ... some have back muscle infections … most of these people were being beaten by their own people who have been selected by the Japanese to look after law and order.
They were Gilbertese, Tuvaluans and Banabans ... if they didn't perform well they too would receive beatings from the Japanese. Some of our Banabans pretended to execute their duties well, but they take pity on us, and when the Japanese found out these men were forced to beat up their people so badly that in the end, their victims suffer even more. This was the punishment for light offences. For heavy offences there were only two things that would be done, either shot or beheaded. So the first beheading was done to two Gilbertese who were found stealing green coconuts. To the Japanese, stealing is the worst offence, so the price of death.
• Do you have memories of people who were executed?
One of them from Tabiteuea and one from Nonouti. One called Toanikarawa and the other Kamoaa. They stole green coconuts and that is why they were beheaded ... One of the Banabans called Robert Corrie was beheaded also for stealing rice. I was watching those beheadings ... Kamooa was taken first. Before he [Japanese solider] chopped Kamooa he tested the sharpness of his sword first. He was trying it on one of the tall trees called te kiebu. After wiping the blade he came back and pressed Kamooa's neck forward. At this time he was ready to cut his neck. He lifted the sword up and moved the sword to one side, and moved it back to the other side, and then he lifted it up and said, 'Uu tie!' and there it goes. The neck was chopped with only one blow, and the sword didn't stop there and went as far down as hitting his knees. The head fell inside the grave with all the blood shooting in every direction; and then his body was kicked into the grave.
Then they called Toanikarawa, and another Japanese came to behead him. The same happened, except his head did not fall. They heard him moaning. When the people heard him moaning they imitated the sound. We called out, 'his head did not drop!' That's why he [Japanese soldier] started to cut him up - in order to kill him fast. So the head was dropped, and the blood was just shooting out in every direction and he was asleep in his grave. So we left. The job was completed and they were starting to bury them. And so we returned. And that Robert ... [Corrie] he is a brave man. He was so calm, he started to smile, he said his goodbyes to his friends and his wife. They tied up his eyes and they positioned him in the same way as those before him. With one stroke his head came off. So they pulled him to his grave and there he was buried.
Two Banabans, one called Kauaba and the other Tabuia were prisoners. They were taken to test the power of the electricity and were electrified on the other side of the island ... When the first one went to test the electricity, Kauaba, the electricity wasn't turned on and he got through alive, so the Japanese shot him dead. The other man, Tabuia met the power of the electricity and was electrocuted and burnt instantly. Until they saw that the whole of his body had been burnt they turned off the power. No one knows where these people were buried.
• Can you tell us about other people who were casualties of the Japanese?
One of the ladies who was from the Gilberts was ill-treated by the Japanese. This woman was caught committing adultery with another man and this woman was called by the Japanese to face charges. She was tied to a mango tree at Tabiang Village near the Government office that was occupied by Japanese. She was tied naked to the tree. It was made a law that everybody who goes past this woman had to put a finger in her private parts. He will poke her and after poking her he will be sent on his way; ... if you didn't want to you were beaten. Until the people found out there was something going on there, they stopped going on that road, and the women protested by starting to do what the other woman had done until this woman was released. This was about two weeks.
They guarded her day and night and gave her some little drink. Fed her a little bit. I don't know if she was released or killed. I didn't know the true story about what happened to her, but I proved the fact because I walked that road and saw what happened to her. We ran away and tried to get as far away from her. Her body was never found, and she was never seen again.
The killing of lepers
• Can you tell us what happened to the lepers and their families?
The lepers and their families were taken by the Japanese and they were all killed. The Japanese loaded them on trucks ... somewhere like Lilian Point, that was one of the places they were shot at and thrown into the sea, the women, the men and all who were within the family. Like the person, I knew from Buakonikai called Abitenoko with his children and grandchildren. Abitenoko had only one granddaughter who got this sickness, and it was detected on the tip of her finger. When the Japanese found out, they were all taken ... the other family was Ribaai, the same was done to these people ... So actually most of them were not lepers. The Japanese considered that they should be all killed because they just hate the family of lepers and believe none of them should live. Another man from Buakonikai, Nabeteko with his children and grandchildren, and Itinnaibo and all his children. There is one of Itinnaibo's daughters who married somewhere else who wasn't killed. All of her children are now at Canton. All her brothers, cousins, uncles, the whole family were killed. A family from Tabwewa from Nei Kaebaa and the name of her husband Nawine. Nawine was from Tuvalu. He was a school teacher in the government here, but he was the family of a leper. They were all taken. There was one who was a missionary in the LMS Church, and he was from the island of Tamana and his name is Notua. The Japanese instructed that these people were to be taken away on a boat, out into the ocean to be shot and thrown into the sea, where the current is strong so that their bodies may never ever be recovered.
Dispersion of the Banabans
• Can you tell us how long after Banaba was invaded the Japanese dispersed the people?
The Japanese came in late 1942. It was in 1943 when the people were dispersed because we were on Tarawa for more the two to three months when the Americans arrived at Tarawa sometime in November or December. That's it! Because we were staying at Tarawa and saw what happened there.
• Can you remember what people told you about ill-treatment on Kusaie (Kosrae) and Nauru?
Those on Kusaie were all ill-treated. The men were sent to work on plantations and after that, they were told to dig a big pit, with the intention they were supposed to be killed at that spot by a machine gun that was already in position above them. As they prepared to be executed, another instruction came from the Japanese they were not to be killed. This went on until the end of the war so the idea was to kill the men and leave the women to be the wives of the Japanese. I heard about three or four whole Banaban families were killed on Nauru by the bombing.
ABUSE OF WOMEN
Information about Japanese abuses against women, in particular, comes from these official transcripts of interviews by the 31/51 Australian Infantry Battalion (AIF), Nauru-Ocean Force, which was used in evidence in the war crime trials after the war. The name of people and places mentioned by witnesses have been reproduced in exactly the same way as in the original documents, in capital letters.
• Did you ever hear of two women being tied up?
Mote (I-Kiribati, 20 October 1945): I used to be a houseboy for a Jap officer named MIJASAK, who was CO of TABIANG Force. One day I was coming to work when I saw two married native women who used to work for the BPC tied to posts on the verandah of MIJASAKA's house. They were naked. One Jap soldier was guarding them, who called all passers-by to come and look at the women, presumably to cast shame upon the women. I do not know if the women were violated or not but I saw marks on their bodies. They were there, tied with their arms extended above their heads for twenty-four hours. The Jap officer MIJASAK remained in the house all that time. Lots of Japanese soldiers came and watched the two women during the day, laughing and talking. Some of them put their hands on the women's genital organs and breasts. When I left to go home that day about 6 pm the women were still there. Next morning I came and they had gone.
Rongo Rongo (Tuvaluan, 21 December 1945): Yes, I saw them. They were there for two days and two nights. Just after sunset, they had lit a small fire to cook some fish, and a guard caught them. Orders had been given that no fires were to be lit because of aircraft or ships and they disobeyed the order. Yes, they recovered, they went home, sick from lack of food, but they recovered.
• Do you know any girls who were raped by Japanese soldiers?
Kiatara (19 October 1945): Yes. An interpreter named Taninta who was a Japanese civilian brought over from the Carolines, used to go around the native villages and gather native girls and forcing them to go and be violated by Japanese officers. I know the name of one girl. Her name was Bakauer, daughter of a constable.
The people who remained
Between August 1942 and July 1943 on three separate occasions, ships took away our people, the first to Tarawa, the second to Nauru, and the last to Kosrae. One hundred and forty-three of the youngest and fittest of workers were left behind to supply fish for the Japanese forces. Kabunare Koura, an I-Kiribati man, is one of only two who survived the horrors of this period which concluded this tragic episode in our history. His evidence helped convict the Japanese Commander Suzuki for war crimes committed on Banaba. Kabunare continues the tale, with excerpts taken from his meeting with the Commission in the Kiribati Maneaba Ni Maungatabu on 23 September 1996.
• Can you tell me what happened after the Japanese arrived?
... we will have to work for the Japanese without rations, we were forced to work, and we were not fed, so we looked for our own food. So from there, the deaths started. There was no more Number One [the phosphate company BPC], most of the boys were thrown into the pits which were made by phosphate digging. It was the Gilbertese and Ellice who suffered most because they have to share the fruit and the rice among eight people each day, so how can you survive. Our elders began to die. From Nikunau to Tarawa, Taniera's father died, Iote also died, so there were only some of us left. Titanre and some others were still alive at that time. They stayed and faced the work. You were beaten if you were too slow; the leadership was so harsh.
We had to stand up and work with a stick behind us. If you stretched your back a while they hit your head with a stick. Anywhere. Our work was to raise the stone for gun placements after we do the job we come back to get about a pint of rainwater. I survived by diving for octopus, and then exchanged them for coconuts. That's how we lived until the people were dispersed to Tarawa, Kusaie, Nauru and Ponape. There were people who died of hunger. But we were left behind because we were the only ones who could do the work.
The mass executions
• How did they execute your people?
We stayed and worked and fished on and on and on. We heard that there was a big pit that had been dug to bury us in. So my cousin called us together to stand up and attack Uma, my duty was to kill a certain Japanese. This motion wasn't approved. But they went ahead with the plan and that is a trip they made without return. So nobody knows our plan but obviously, someone did ... That is why our court case by the Japanese was delayed for another five or six months, concerning our death sentence. So we were there until the day we were supposed to be killed. The commencement for our execution had started.
Yes, the way they kill us. We came back from fishing. We were so unsettled and that night had nightmares. We asked each other what was happening. We prayed. Who can face this problem but only God? Early the next morning I went out fishing and we caught almost 100 bonitos. When we came back we were told to wash ourselves and to drink from the Gilbertese who were working on the farm. When we finished we went down, but I didn't drink because of feeling disturbed the night before.
I was with one from Tabiteauea, Ueaititi, Taeka, Irome, Terara from Abaiang and some others. We were seated on the sand and asked, where do you come from, how old are you, but they lied. They actually were preparing the people they were going to kill. ... the Japanese started to tie our hands, one time, two times and I gave my hands. We were taken to the seashore and they put up a very high barb wire. We felt homesick, but what can we do, the time is up. I was trying to concentrate to get onto the other life if there is another life. They will have to shoot their own targets, so I slid down facing the sea and in the middle of the rock. There is nothing I can see and the other guy fell down, and I moved up, and I was poked by the bayonet. I stood up facing the sea and Tarawa with the rock underneath and one who is bigger and taller than me, and the shooting stopped. My ears exploded, and it was after 5 pm and I pulled away thinking that I was shot, and I thought that I was going to die later.
The wave started to break on me, and I was surprised because my eyes were tied. My companions never talked because they were dead, and the Japanese were talking. 'Leave them for the sea will kill them and we will come back for them tomorrow morning.' I was going to lay down for a while longer not knowing if there was a Japanese guard, and for a while, I twisted my body and tried to free my hand. Then I climbed up the cliff to see if anybody was there. I went back to check and see my friends, but they were all dead. About midnight I went to one of the caves and I was surprised to see some of their bodies inside the cave. And that is where sorrow came in. The next morning I heard the Japanese yell, 'Here!' I waited a while and then came a boat. It was filled up with the people from Tabwewa and the big canoes were put into the water. So, they took the dead bodies from off the shore and loaded them onto the Japanese boat. While they were doing this, I left and went away. I tried to get away but the barbed wire blocked my way, so I tried to break my way through. I injured my hands ... on reaching the third wire I was fortunate not to touch it, for if I had touched it I could have died.
After Kabunare's miraculous escape, he hid for almost two months in the pinnacles and caves until he finally realized that the island was safely under the control of the Australian occupation force. He was the only survivor of the 143 men left behind. One other man called Nabetari, a Tuvaluan was discovered alive. He was the sole survivor, after being adrift at sea for seven months. He was from a party of seven fishermen who risked a daring escape in their frail outriggers, choosing to take their chances at sea. All the bodies of the Europeans who had remained on the island were recovered, except for that of Arthur Mercer.
Banaban war dead
A total of 349 people died on Banaba during the Japanese occupation. This chapter is dedicated to their memories.
A list of Banaba's War Dead: Appendix 10 is published in Te Rii ni Banaba-the backbone of Banaba by Raobeia Sigrah & Stacey King including the stories of survival by Kabunare and Nabatare.
Australia War Memorial - Banaba (Ocean Island) War Records available at: OCEAN ISLAND INDEX


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Deep Passion (Chinees: 濃情) is een album van de Cantopop zanger Sammi Cheng. Het is opgenomen in 1996 en uitgegeven in november van hetzelfde jaar.

Tracklist
 X派對
 濃情
 默契
 不想性感
 呼之欲出
 最後勝利
 請放心
 驚天動地
 加爾各答的天使-德蘭修女
 談情說愛
 猶豫
 心事

Muziekalbum van Sammi Cheng

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Pedestrians walk past a Capital One Financial Corp. bank branch in New York, U.S., on Friday, Oct. 14, 2016.
Capital One Financial has developed a "chatbot" named Eno, an automated program that can communicate with the bank's customers via text message to give them information on their accounts and help them make credit-card payments from their smartphone.
Capital One's (cof) gender-neutral virtual assistant, which is being rolled out as a pilot to a segment of its customers, uses artificial intelligence to respond to natural language text messages from users about their money, the bank said on Friday.
For example, customers might ask Eno to show them their recent account balances or pay off a credit-card bill.
Ken Dodelin, Capital One's vice president of digital product development, said the bank deliberately chose a gender-neutral name. The predominance of female names among popular digital assistants has provoked criticism recently.
Asked if it is a boy or a girl, Eno will reply that it is "binary." Being a banker, albeit a virtual one, its favorite color is green.
In a bid to make the experience more human, Eno—whose name spells One backwards—has also been programmed to recognize certain "emojis," the popular messaging icons. Users can prompt Eno to show them their account balance by sending the "bag of money" emoji or can confirm a payment through the "thumbs up" emoji.
Chatbots and virtual assistants have risen in popularity in banking and other industries because recent improvements in artificial intelligence have made them better at interacting and interpreting human language.
Banks and other financial firms are hopeful they can be used to provide better customer service at the fraction of the cost of large call centers populated by humans.
French bank Societe Generale, for example, recently revealed that it was working with startup Personetics Technologies to develop chatbots that could answer queries about equity funds in its Romanian banking unit.
Money transfer startup TransferWise in February released a chatbot that enables customers to send money to friends and family internationally via Facebook Inc's chat application.
While artificial intelligence has made recent advances, chatbots have not been immune to snafus. A year ago Microsoft had to make one of its chatbots private after it made inappropriate remarks on Twitter.
Dodelin said Eno was new and still has a lot to learn. "The more people chat with Eno, the more it will learn," Dodelin said.


The Ford government is opening up the Lake Erie fishery to destructive overfishing and poaching with its "foolish" decision to move a crew of fisheries conservation officers 50 kilometres inland.
"Doug Ford is sending Lake Erie conservation officers up the creek without a paddle," says OPSEU President Warren (Smokey) Thomas. "If they're not stationed by the lake, who's going to enforce the law and stop the kind of overfishing that could lead to a complete collapse?
From their dockside workplace, the officers have kept a close eye on both the commercial and sport fisheries from Wheatley to Kingsville and beyond. They lay hundreds of charges annually related to poaching, overfishing, fishing without licences, and fishing with illegal equipment.
But internal MNRF documents show the ministry is poised to move the Wheatley conservation officers nearly 50 kilometres inland and tuck them away at an office in Chatham.
"Wheatley is the busiest fresh-water fishing port in the country, " said Thomas. "Moving the conservation officers so far away is like closing the local police department and expecting the officers to enforce the laws from three towns down the highway.


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Tag: Tricolored Heron
Seven-Years Ago (10-January-2013) — Florida
Gone to See America. January 2013 Florida Road Trip. Day 8: Merritt Island National Wildlife Reserve.
I made a final drive through Black Point Wildlife Drive before heading north. A lot of birds were out in the early morning. Birds observed with images include Tricolored Heron, Great Egret, Little Blue Heron, Lesser Scaup, American Avocet, Blue-winged Teal, Lesser Yellowlegs, Killdeer, and Sandpiper (unknown species). Just showing one image for each bird species. More can be seen in the slideshow at the end of the post.
Tricolored Heron looking up through my sunroof. Morning at Black Point Wildlife Drive in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/9, 1/320 sec). (David J Mathre)
Great Egret. Morning at Black Point Wildlife Drive in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/5.6, 1/320 sec). (David J Mathre)
Little Blue Heron. Morning at Black Point Wildlife Drive in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/9, 1/320 sec). (David J Mathre)
Group of Lesser Scaup feeding. Morning at Black Point Wildlife Drive in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/9, 1/320 sec). (David J Mathre)
American Avocet. Morning at Black Point Wildlife Drive in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/10, 1/400 sec). (David J Mathre)
Blue Winged Teal. Morning at Black Point Wildlife Drive in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/9, 1/320 sec). (David J Mathre)
Lesser Yellowlegs. Morning at Black Point Wildlife Drive in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/9, 1/320 sec). (David J Mathre)
Killdeer. Morning at Black Point Wildlife Drive in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/9, 1/320 sec).. (David J Mathre)
Sandpiper (unknown). Morning at Black Point Wildlife Drive in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/11, 1/500 sec). (David J Mathre)
You can access any of the images from the slideshow in my PhotoShelter Gallery.
Author David MathrePosted on 10-January-2020 07-April-2020 Categories Landscape, Nature, Photo Techniques, Skyscape, TravelTags American Avocet, Black Point Wildlife Drive, Blue-winged Teal, Florida, Great Egret, Killdeer, Lesser Yellowlegs, Lessor Scaup, Little Blue Heron, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Sandpiper, Tricolored Heron, Wildlife, WinterLeave a comment on Seven-Years Ago (10-January-2013) — Florida
After sunrise at Playalinda beach, I went went for a drive on Biolab road. A lot of birds were out in the early morning sun. Birds observed with images include Great Blue Heron, Roseate Spoonbill, Peregrine Falcon, Pied-beak Grebe, Ring-billed Gull, Great Egret, Northern Cardinal, American White Pelican, Snowy Egret, Tricolored Heron, Turkey Vulture, and Red Shouldered Hawk.
Three Roseate Spoonbills and a Great Blue Heron. Early morning at Biolab Road in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/6.3, 1/320 sec). (David J Mathre)
Great Blue Heron. Early morning at Biolab Road in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/9, 1/320 sec). (David J Mathre)
Peregrine Falcon. Early morning at Biolab Road in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/8, 1/320 sec). (David J Mathre)
Pied-beak Grebe. Early morning at Biolab Road in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 1100, 300 mm, f/5.6, 1/320 sec). (David J Mathre)
Ring-billed Gull. Early morning at Biolab Road in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/10, 1/400 sec). (David J Mathre)
Great Egret. Early morning at Biolab Road in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/10, 1/400 sec). (David J Mathre)
Northern Cardinal. Early morning at Biolab Road in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/11, 1/500 sec). (David J Mathre)
Five American White Pelicans and two Roseate Spoonbills flying in formation. Early morning at Biolab Road in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/11, 1/500 sec). (David J Mathre)
Line of American White Pelicans flying in a line. Early morning at Biolab Road in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/10, 1/400 sec). (David J Mathre)
Four Snowy Egrets flying in formation. Early morning at Biolab Road in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/11, 1/500 sec). (David J Mathre)
Tricolored Heron. Early morning at Biolab Road in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/10, 1/400 sec). (David J Mathre)
Turkey Vulture on a dead palm tree. Early morning at Biolab Road in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/11, 1/500 sec). (David J Mathre)
Red-shouldered Hawk perched on a dead tree. Early morning at Biolab Road in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D700 camera and 18-300mm VR lens (ISO 200, 300 mm, f/6.3, 1/320 sec). (David J Mathre)
Author David MathrePosted on 10-January-2020 07-April-2020 Categories UncategorizedTags American White Pelican, Florida, Great Blue Heron, Great Egret, Merritt Island, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Northern Cardinal, peregrine falcon, Pied-beak Grebe, Red-Shouldered Hawk, ring-billed gull, Roseate Spoonbill, Snowy Egret, Tricolored Heron, Turkey Vulture, Wildlife, WinterLeave a comment on Seven-Years Ago (10-January-2013) — Florida
Gone to See America. January 2013 Florida Road Trip. Day 7: Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge.
Afternoon drive on Black Point Wildlife Drive in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Birds observed (with images) include: Northern Pintail, Pied-billed Grebe, Great Egret, Little Blue Heron, Tricolored Heron, White Ibis, and Turkey Vulture. Just showing one image for each bird species. More can be seen in the slideshow at the end of the post.
Pair of Northern Pintails. Black Point Wildlife Drive, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200mm f/2.8 lens with a 2.0 TC-E III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/250 sec). (David J Mathre)
Pied-billed Grebe. Black Point Wildlife Drive, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200mm f/2.8 lens with a 2.0 TC-E III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/1000 sec). (David J Mathre)
Great Egret. Black Point Wildlife Drive, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200mm f/2.8 lens with a 2.0 TC-E III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/1600 sec). (David J Mathre)
Little Blue Heron. Black Point Wildlife Drive, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200mm f/2.8 lens with a 2.0 TC-E III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/640 sec). (David J Mathre)
Tricolored Heron. Black Point Wildlife Drive in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon N1V2 camera, FT2 adapter, and 180 mm f/2.8 lens (ISO 160, 180 mm, f/5.6, 1/1000 sec). (David J Mathre)
White Ibis. Black Point Wildlife Drive, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200mm f/2.8 lens with a 2.0 TC-E III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/800 sec). (David J Mathre)
Turkey Vulture soaring. Black Point Wildlife Drive, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200mm f/2.8 lens with a 2.0 TC-E III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/800 sec). (David J Mathre)
Author David MathrePosted on 09-January-2020 06-April-2020 Categories Landscape, Nature, Photo Techniques, TravelTags Florida, Great Egret, Little Blue Heron, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Northern Pintail, Pied-billed Grebe, Tricolored Heron, Turkey Vulture, White Ibis, WinterLeave a comment on Seven-Years Ago (09-January-2013) — Florida
Morning drive through Biolab road in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Just showing one image for each bird species. More can be seen in the slideshow at the end of the post. Back they you could drive both directions on Biolab road. Now it is one-way. The road is not as well maintained as Black Point Wildlife Drive, but there is less traffic other than the north end where several folks will be parked and fishing in the pond. Birds observed (with images) include Pied-billed Grebe, Greater Yellowlegs, Gulls (not identified), Double-crested Cormorant, American White Pelican, Great Blue Heron, Great Egret, Snowy Egret, Little Blue Heron, Tricolored Heron, Reddish Egret, White Ibis, Roseate Spoonbill, Osprey, and Belted Kingfisher. I found the best way to get an image of a Kingfisher is to observe the two or three places that it perches before going out to fish. The Kingfisher typically uses the same perch, so I then set up a camera focus on that spot, and wait for it to come back.
Pied-billed Grebe. Biolab Road, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200 mm f/2.8G VRII lens and TC-E 2.0 III teleconverter (ISO 200, 140 mm, f/5.6, 1/125 sec). (David J Mathre)
Greater Yellowlegs. Biolab Road, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200 mm f/2.8G VRII lens and TC-E 2.0 III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/640 sec). (David J Mathre)
Three Gulls. Biolab Road, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200 mm f/2.8G VRII lens and TC-E 2.0 III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/8, 1/250 sec). (David J Mathre)
Double-crested Cormorant. Biolab Road, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200 mm f/2.8G VRII lens and TC-E 2.0 III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/1000 sec). (David J Mathre)
Large Group of American White Pelicans in a feeding frenzy. Biolab Road, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200 mm f/2.8G VRII lens and TC-E 2.0 III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/500 sec). (David J Mathre)
Great Blue Heron in flight. Biolab Road, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200 mm f/2.8G VRII lens and TC-E 2.0 III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/800 sec). (David J Mathre)
Great Egret. Biolab Road, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200 mm f/2.8G VRII lens and TC-E 2.0 III teleconverter (ISO 450, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/400 sec). (David J Mathre)
Three Snowy Egrets, Four Little Blue Herons, and Redish Egret. Biolab Road, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200 mm f/2.8G VRII lens and TC-E 2.0 III teleconverter (ISO 450, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/400 sec). (David J Mathre)
Tricolored Heron. Biolab Road, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200 mm f/2.8G VRII lens and TC-E 2.0 III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/160 sec). (David J Mathre)
White Ibis. Biolab Road, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200 mm f/2.8G VRII lens and TC-E 2.0 III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/500 sec). (David J Mathre)
Osprey with a fish for breakfast and two Roseate Spoonbills on a dead tree. Biolab Road, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon N1 camera, FT1 adapter, and 180 mm f/2.8 lens (ISO 200, 180 mm, f/2.8, 1/4000 sec). (David J Mathre)
Belted Kingfisher. Biolab Road, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200 mm f/2.8G VRII lens and TC-E 2.0 III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/125 sec). (David J Mathre)
Author David MathrePosted on 09-January-2020 06-April-2020 Categories Landscape, Nature, Photo Techniques, Skyscape, Transportation, TravelTags American White Pelican, Belted Kingfisher., birds, Double-crested Cormorant, Florida, Great Blue Heron, Great Egret, Greater Yellowlegs, Gulls (not identified), Little Blue Heron, Merritt Island, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Osprey, Pied-billed Grebe, Reddish Egret, Roseate Spoonbill, Tricolored Heron, White Ibis, Wildlife, WinterLeave a comment on Seven-Years Ago (09-January-2013) — Florida
Midday drive through Black Point Wildlife Drive in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Just showing one image for each bird species. More can be seen in the slideshow at the end of the post. Birds observed (with images) include: American Coot, Anhinga, Great Egret, Snowy Egret, Little Blue Heron, Tricolored Heron, and Roseate Spoonbill.
American Coots. Black Point Wildlife Drive, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D4 camera and 300mm f/2.8 VR lens (ISO 100, 300 mm, f/4, 1/320 sec). (David J Mathre)
Anhinga spreading its wings to dry off. Black Point Wildlife Drive, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200mm f/2.8 lens with a 2.0 TC-E III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/500 sec). (David J Mathre)
Great Egret. Black Point Wildlife Drive, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D4 camera and 300mm f/2.8 VR lens (ISO 100, 300 mm, f/4, 1/1000 sec). (David J Mathre)
Snowy Egret in Flight. Black Point Wildlife Drive, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3s camera and 70-200mm f/2.8 lens with a 2.0 TC-E III teleconverter (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/5.6, 1/320 sec). (David J Mathre)
Little Blue Heron feeding. Black Point Wildlife Drive, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3 camera and 400 mm f/2.8 lens (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/2.8, 1/1000 sec). (David J Mathre)
Tricolored Heron. Black Point Wildlife Drive, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D4 camera and 300mm f/2.8 VR lens (ISO 100, 300 mm, f/4, 1/320 sec). (David J Mathre)
Roseate Spoonbill feeding. Black Point Wildlife Drive, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken with a Nikon D3 camera and 400 mm f/2.8 lens (ISO 200, 400 mm, f/2.8, 1/1000 sec). (David J Mathre)
Author David MathrePosted on 09-January-2020 06-April-2020 Categories Landscape, Nature, Photo Techniques, Seascape, Skyscape, Transportation, TravelTags American Coot, Anhinga, birds, Florida, Great Egret, Little Blue Heron, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Roseate Spoonbill, Snowy Egret, Tricolored Heron, Wildlife, WinterLeave a comment on Seven-Years Ago (09-January-2013) — Florida

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dr Melbourne-Thomas, along with entrepreneur and management expert Fabian Dattner, came up with the initiative.
The expedition is privately funded, and each of the participants is paying for their own travel and accommodation on the boat.
More than 70 female scientists from all around the world have embarked upon a voyage to the South Pole with the common objectives of battling climate change and making a name for women in science. As part of the Homeward Bound initiative, an Australian program aimed at increasing the female representation in science, the group set upon what will be the largest ever all-women expedition to Antarctica.
On Friday, the women departed from Ushuaia, in Argentina, to spend about 20 days at sea. The 76 women were hand chosen from more than 1000 applicants and trained for the perilous journey in order to observe the effect of climate change on the Earth's poles.
A faculty of experts will be on board to administer the program. While at sea, there will be a series of leadership workshops conducted covering a variety of topics including the importance of emotional intelligence, managing difficult conversations and influencing decisions.
Dr Melbourne-Thomas, along with entrepreneur and management expert Fabian Dattner, came up with the initiative. The former stressed upon the need for women to enter leadership roles given the conflicting standards in the treatment of men and women even in developed countries.
The expedition is privately funded, and each of the participants is paying for their own travel and accommodation on the boat. Applications for the next expedition, planned for 2018, will be open from January next year.
With world leaders such as US president elect, Donald Trump calling global warming a 'hoax' "created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive", the future for climate change seems to be a grim one.
According to predictions by the US environmental protection Agency, EPA, the ocean levels are expected to rise between 2.5 and 6.5 feet by 2100, enough to swamp many of the cities along the U.S. East Coast, while more dire estimates indicate, a complete meltdown of the Greenland ice sheet, leading sea levels to rise by 23 feet – enough to submerge most islands and cities like London.
Categories: Health & Science, Antarctica.
Tags: Antartica, Dr Melbourne-Thomas, Fabian Dattner, Homeward Bound, South Pole, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ushuaia.
I look forward to reading about the solutions to climate change they will publish when they get back.
Will they be using vehicles, and what fuel will they use ?
1.8 million litres of bunker plus per-person allocations on 560,000 litres of jet fuel to enjoy a political holiday and observe the real work being done by 16 nations prior to their arrival.


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After a whirl wind year in 2005, which saw Liz beat 12 other contestants to win Channel 7's reality show "The Mole", the self confessed water baby has become a favourite on Seven Queensland.
These days she is seen as the host of the Live Lotto Draws and as a presenter on Creek to Coast and ratings winner The Great South East. She is also seen regularly reading the Weather for Channel Seven and appearing on breakfast show Sunrise.
Liz has hosted summer radio programs for Nova, Sea FM and Hot Tomato. In 2013 she covered the Melbourne Cup for B105, interviewing the likes of Gerri Halliwell, Brody Jenner and Cadel Evans at Flemmington.
In 2012 she became an ambassador for Suzuki and starred in their 'way of life' TVC's and campaigns. She is also a spokesperson and ambassador for the Michael J Fox foundation – 'Shake it Up', raising funds for a cure for Parkinson's disease.
In 2013 she had her first international break, hosting an episode of Niji Iro Jean, watched by over 8,000,000 viewers in Japan.
This year she hosted the Great Australian BBQ on 7Mate, with Mike Goldman.


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Ashwin, Jadeja have stood out so far, says Rahane
Published: Jan 07,202104:02 AM
The ever inquisitive Ravichandran Ashwin, who has a knack for learning new things, and much-improved batsman Ravindra Jadeja have stood out for India against Australia in the ongoing Test series, said skipper Ajinkya Rahane.
Ravichandran Ashwin (right) with bowling coach Bharat Arun
While Ashwin is leading the 'Wicket Takers' chart with 10 scalps, Jadeja's half-century and the hundred plus stand with Rahane in the second Test formed the cornerstone of India's eight-wicket win in Melbourne. Asked about the hallmark of Ashwin's greatness, Rahane said: "He has good skills but is always looking to learn new things, and that makes him great."
The captain couldn't be happier with the Tamil Nadu tweaker's success. "I hope that he continues for the next two Test matches and does the job for us," said Rahane. While the skipper is impressed with Ashwin's improvisation, he is mighty pleased with Jadeja's Test match application, which adds the necessary balance to the India team.
"As a batsman, Jadeja has improved a lot and that is a massive point from a team's perspective," said Rahane. "When you know that your No.7 batsman can contribute, it becomes really easy to get a decent total. On the field, all of us have seen him take some brilliant catches. His addition in the team has helped us so much," added Rahane in the presser.
Ashwin | Jadeja | Rahane
More News - Sports
Joe Root scores big ton, helps England gain sizeable lead over SL
Brisbane Test: Siraj again subjected to unruly crowd behaviour
Bowling a lot with red ball at nets prepared me for the Test: Sundar


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Over the years, we have grown from strength to strength, entering new areas of innovation and new markets. We maintain a close relationship with our suppliers to whom we work with regularly and secure great discounts on parts and new units which in turn get passed back to you, our valued customer.
We offer a wide range of services and continue to expand our service offerings regularly. Through dedication, hard work and great customer service, we are the best company to call for all your AC requirements.


Home / Deals / In Store Deals / FREE Tresseme Hair Care and More at Rite Aid!
Don't miss this week's Rite Aid Weekly Ad! Some great deals, but I wanted to make sure you saw some of my favorites!
Check out the great deal on Tresseme haircare – FREE after coupons, plus more this week at Rite Aid!


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Today, April 1, is Census Day. Have you been counted yet? Now's the time to #BECOUNTEDIN2020
Park Forest is encouraging all residents to be counted today. With most indoors as part of a stay-at-home order, the time is ideal to fill out your census. Millions of dollars that can make a significant difference for the betterment of the Park Forest community are at stake. Consider these numbers:
There are 9,600 households in Park Forest
7,200 of those 9,600 households were counted in the 2010 census for a response rate of 75%
With an average of 2 to 3 people per household, an estimated 6,300 Park Forest residents were unaccounted for in 2010
With each resident representing an estimated $1,400 in federal funding, the 6,300 Park Foresters not counted in 2010 resulted in a loss of nearly $90 million dollars for the community over the last 10 years.
Do your part to help Park Forest fully fund important efforts in the community, like education, roadway projects, and enhancing the community's water system. All being counted is critical to maximum funding.
Each week, residents will be updated on the community's current response rate with the new Park Forest Census Tracker. Help Park Forest reach 100% today! Log-on, dial in, or mail off your completed census form. It's one of the most important things you can do to help your community.
⇐Previous Coronavirus update for week of March 30: Village continues scaled back services with order extensionNext⇒ Services to be maintained despite Village Hall temporarily closed to public starting March 18


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>> Find A Local Lawyer <<
Latest Legal News | Analysis By Attorneys
Offshore Injuries
Common Maritime Injuries
Oil Rig Workers
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How Maritime Law Applies To Offshore & Longshoremen Worker Injuries
How Maritime Law Applies To Offshore & Longshoremen Worker InjuriesPaul Amess2020-03-27T14:17:18-04:00
Are you unsure of your rights after suffering a maritime work injury? You may be looking for answers to questions like:
How can sailors recover compensation after a work injury?
What benefits are injured longshoremen and harbor workers entitled to?
What if I was injured on a poorly maintained or defective ship?
Will I be paid for lost wages?
Will I need a lawyer to help me get my benefits?
Our experienced maritime lawyers can help you explore your options.
Free Offshore Injury Consult
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Maritime law (AKA admiralty law) is a complex set of legal statutes that governs and regulates legal matters at sea. These laws apply to concerns involving cargo, shipping, maritime worker injuries, passenger personal injuries, transportation of goods and passengers, and vessel accidents and disasters. Any injury that occurs on public navigable waters is covered under maritime law. In the United States, maritime legal matters are handled by federal courts.
When a maritime worker gets injured on the job, it's easy to get confused by the complexities of maritime law. Applicable laws and statutes vary depending on the circumstances of the workers' employment and their injuries. Unlike most state-level work injury claims, many maritime workers may also have the option to file a a lawsuit against their employer if negligence contributed to their injury. This adds another layer of complexity to maritime injury claims, and it's often necessary to retain a lawyer with a detailed understanding of maritime law in order to receive the full compensation you're entitled to.
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State where incident happened
What type of crime?
Select An OptionSexual AssaultShootingStabbingHit by Drunk DriverOffshore Injury Auto / Truck CatastrophicOther
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Who Is Covered Under Maritime Injury Law?
Any injury which occurs on public navigable waters will be governed by maritime law, including those involving:
Passengers on cruise ships and other private passenger vehicles
Cruise ship employees
Seamen and sailors
Longshore and harbor workers
Commercial fishermen
The Main Elements Of Maritime Law
Maritime workers who suffer injuries on the job may be eligible for one or more forms of financial compensation. Each case is unique, and applicable forms of compensation will vary based on job title, location of the injury, cause of the injury, and other circumstances. The main forms of financial compensation include:
When a maritime worker gets injured on the job, maintenance and cure benefits are available to provide financial compensation for medical expenses and daily living expenses until the worker can return to his or her job. These benefits will cover essential expenses like rent or mortgages, bills, and food. However, expenses like the internet and even automobile expenses are considered optional under maintenance and care.
These benefits are considered "no-fault", so any work-related injury is eligible, regardless of how the accident occurred. Injured maritime workers can continue to receive these benefits until their doctor clears them to return to work.
Unlike maintenance and cure benefits, the Jones Act deals with employer liability when a seaman suffers a preventable work injury. To qualify as a seaman under this act, you must spend at least 30% of your work hours aboard a ship.
If an employer fails to maintain a safe work environment and one of their employees gets injured due to a hazardous work condition, that employer may be held liable for damages related to the injury. Compensable damages are similar to what would be available in a personal injury claim, including:
Past and future lost wages
Loss of quality of life
The burden of proof for Jones Act claims is much lower than a traditional personal injury claim. You only need to prove that your employer contributed to your injury in some way, not necessarily that they were the main cause of it.
Examples of employer negligence which could result in a Jones Act claim include:
Uncleared oil spills on deck creating a slip and fall hazard
Defective or poorly maintained equipment
Inadequate guard rails
Inadequately trained staff members
Not enough crew members on board
Unseaworthiness
Ship owners have a duty to keep their vessels safe and free of hazards which could cause a maritime work injury. A vessel is considered seaworthy if all aspects of the ship meet the accepted safety standards of the industry, including:
All aspects of the ship are in reasonably fit condition
The ship contains all proper safety measures, such as guard rails and fire extinguishers
Tools and equipment are maintained and functioning
Employees have safe working conditions
Adequate safety equipment (e.g. life jackets, rafts)
Fully staffed with well-trained crew members
If a ship owner fails to keep their vessel safe for operation, he or she could be held liable for damages when a maritime worker becomes injured as a result of the unseaworthy condition.
The Longshore And Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (LHWCA)
Maritime workers who assist in the loading, unloading, repairing, and construction of ships are eligible for work injury benefits under the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act. This system offers similar benefits as state-level workers' compensation systems, but claims are handled on the federal level. Any injury, illness, disability, or death which occurs during the course of work duties is eligible for these benefits.
Employees who are covered under the LHWCA include:
Longshoremen
Harbor workers
Shipbreakers
Ship mechanics
Maritime construction workers
And anyone else who works in or around navigable US waters
Death On High Seas Act (DOSHA)
The Death on High Seas Act was passed by Congress in 1920 and applies to fatal maritime accidents that occur more than three miles off the coast of US territory. If a maritime worker is killed in an accident caused by a "wrongful act, neglect or default occurring on the high seas beyond a marine league (3 miles) from the shore of any state", their surviving spouse, children, dependent relatives, or other representative is entitled to file a claim for financial compensation.
A DOSHA claim may provide families with the financial compensation their deceased loved one would have received had they not died. These benefits also provide compensation for loss of care and guidance for the deceased worker's children. Spouses may also recover compensation for the value of household services that their deceased spouse would have provided.
In order to file a DOSHA claim, you must establish that negligence was the cause of your loved one's death. For example, if an unseaworthy vessel was the cause of the accident, you could likely hold the vessel owner liable for damages.
Taking Legal Action After A Maritime Work Injury
If you or a loved one has recently suffered an injury, illness, disability, or death while engaged in maritime work, you may be confused by the complexities of maritime law. This is a highly specialized field of law which usually requires the assistance of a lawyer who has experience in these matters and knowledge of the nuances of the field. Not just any work injury lawyer will do – it's important to find someone who specializes in this unique and complex field.
To find out more about your legal options, we highly recommend scheduling a consultation with a maritime injury lawyer as soon as possible. A resourceful lawyer can help guide you through the process and secure the financial compensation your family needs.
Applying For Compensation After An Offshore Injury
Jones Act Claims For Injured Seamen And Offshore Workers
Longshore And Harbor Workers' Compensation Claims For Dock And Harbor Workers
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We would like our readers to know that the information in this story may be sourced from secondary sources and may therefore contain inaccuracies. We will correct them if and when they are brought to our attention or we discover them through our editing process. If you have any concerns about this post, please contact us immediately and we will rectify issues. DISCLAIMER: The material contained in this post is for general informational purposes. It is not intended to constitute or express legal or medical advice. Any laws referenced herein are substantially based on general legal principles and may not be applicable to your particular situation. Laws can often be different from one jurisdiction to the next. The Legal Herald is not a law firm. Law firms and lawyers from around the country may apply to become a sponsor or contributor to The Legal Herald.


MASSEY FERGUSON 525 Super II Combine. When the Massey 500 combine first appeared it was a revolution in style and design with its low-slung twin grain tanks, hydraulic swing around unloading auger, easy mount side staircase and one of the first rotary air screens with its unique yellow spinning swirl, a concept still used today to keep radiator airways clear.
The 525 Super II carried forward all these features with the multi-flow unit at the back for increased grain separation, automatic table height, hydraulic fore-aft reel with integral hydraulic drive and re-styled operation console.
This unique example cut its last harvest in 1989 and has been barn stored ever since. Now running with all functions working and fit for combining when the crops are ripe. A very original example of nostalgic agricultural history.


Responsive theme built on bootstrap. Great for showcasing content with featured images.
Easily add disqus, google analytics, social links and a facebook like box.
Please see the sample config.toml.
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