Mentoring and coaching are tried and tested ways of transferring knowledge between an older experienced person, and a younger less experienced person. However this relationship often breaks down. In a recent study for a client we found that knowledge transfer through mentoring was running at about 20% of the efficiency that was needed.
When the relationship broke down, the two sides blamed each other ("he won't tell me anything". "he never asks me anything" (remember this?)), but in reality there were very few incentives to build the trusting relationship required for effective coaching.
Part of the problem with the traditional view of mentoring is that accountability for knowledge transfer lies with the coach or mentor. It is written into their job description, they are coached in the process of mentoring, and they take a leading role. The status of "having knowledge" is compounded with the status of "driving the process". The mentee plays a passive role, and we end up with "Knowledge Push" if we aren't careful. We end up with Teaching; not necessarily with Learning. At the same time, the mentor is still busy doing what he or she sees as "real work", and when push comes to shove, real work takes precedence over mentoring. As far as the coach or mentor is concerned, there isn't much of an incentive to do the coaching. This is especially true of the experienced person is due to retire. Ineffective transfer of knowledge is "not my problem" as far as the retiree is concerned.
More recently we have been looking at changing this realtionship. If the mentee is given an active status, that of a "dedicated learner", and is trained in the skills and processes of knowledge elicitation and interviewing, there is a change in the dynamic. The mentee takes a more active, more leading role - almost like an investigative reporter, or an industrial spy. After all, ineffective transfer of knowledge IS "my problem" as far as the mentee is concerned. It becomes a Learning-driven process, not a teaching-driven process. That learning can be planned, through a learning plan, and monitored and measured. And as he or she learns, then instead of just taking notes in their personal note book, they start to build knowledge assets in the company knowledge base. So as well as transferring the tacit skills, a documented knowledge base can be created as well. Now we have knowledge driven by Pull, not Push, which as we know is far more effective.


text:
package org.osgi.test.cases.coordinator.secure;

/**
 * Used to prevent the TCK from becoming blocked due to unexpected behavior from
 * an implementation.
 */
public class Interrupter extends Thread {
	private final Thread thread;
	private final long timeout;

	/**
	 * Create a new Interrupter.
	 * @param t The thread to interrupt should the timer expire.
	 * @param timeout How many milliseconds to wait before interrupting the target thread.
	 */
	public Interrupter(Thread t, long timeout) {
		thread = t;
		this.timeout = timeout;
		setDaemon(true);
	}

	public synchronized void run() {
		try {
			wait(timeout);
			thread.interrupt();
		}
		catch (InterruptedException e) {
			Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Dajana Pefestorff is in charge of the European service in the international business department of WFBB.
As part of the Enterprise Europe Network (EEN), she informs, advises and accompanies on innovation-related projects, initiatives as well on the participation in EU funding programs, primarily in the health sector.
EEN ist he world's largest support network for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME's). In close collaboration with 600 other partner organisations in 60 countries worldwide she finds suitable cooperation partner for business, technology or project ideas that service for small and medium sized enterprises (SME) have in mind. With EEN she helps businesses innovate and grow on an international scale.
The EU provides a wide range of funding programmes, that offer a direct access to grants from the European Commission from Brussels. In cooperation with the National Contact Point for Health, the Enterprise Europe Network Berlin-Brandenburg will introduce the participant in funding opportunities. These programmes cover major European topics, such as research, innovation, market entry and education. This session will offer a valuable overview as well build up the skills on how to participate, build and manage a European project.


Do you fear that you will fail to pay dividends within the short time frame prescribed by the law?
Is it important to you that the history of dividend payments should be recorded and kept reliably?
Do you need to prepare and file tax returns on paid dividends?
Would you like to avoid frequent communication with minority shareholders after a decision to pay dividends has been made?
accrual of dividends, calculation of taxes and amounts to be paid.
preparation of replies to requests from shareholders, their heirs, notaries.
information about accrued income and withheld taxes on income of legal entities that are tax residents and non-residents.
The most extensive experience in payment of dividends: we service over 25 issuers and maintain simultaneously over 80 histories of payments.
Large capacities: we can generate and send over 7,000 payment orders a day.
Reduced fees charged by Russian Post for postal money orders.
We use a special software package to make payments, record and keep a history of payments, prepare tax returns.
Unique experience in payment of dividends in companies with over 300,000 shareholders.


Huka Lodge is located on the north island of New Zealand on Lake Taupo. There are scheduled domestic flights daily from Taupo to Auckland, Christchurch and Wellington. Alternatively, helicopter transfers are also available from Auckland, Wellington and Rotorua.
Huka Lodge is a luxury residence located in New Zealand on the north island on Lake Taupo. It is considered one of the world's top retreats and offers world class hospitality and elegance surrounded by magnificent natural beauty.
The main lodge is where you will first arrive into Huka Lodge. This is also where guests can have breakfast, a drink before dinner or to relax by the log fire to read a book! The main lodge offers a magnificent view over WaikatoRiver and Huka Falls and is a very peaceful and homely setting.
In the main lodge is an elegant dining room which is extremely spacious and guests can come together here for good food and fine wine. There is also a Trophy room which is designed for small conferences and business meetings (for up to 20 people) or for private receptions (up to 40 people). The main feature of the Trophy Room is the fine collection of African hunting trophies hanging on the walls.
The guest accommodation consists of 20 Lodge rooms located only 20 metres from the River amongst mature trees. The rooms are very private and secluded and they are very spacious and light, with slatted, wooden outdoor terraces. The bathrooms all have under floor heating.
The signature guest accommodation is the Owner's cottage. It sits on an elevated and sunny promontory on the Waikato River. Almost completely hidden from view, this luxury hideaway offers magnificent views right down the river to the beautiful Huka Halls. The cottage was originally built in 1937. There are 4 spacious guest suites, and one central living room, dining room, kitchen and a den. The suites all have super king size beds, crisp cotton bed linen, and soft feather and down pillows. They also all have their own fire place and ensuite. Please refer to side menu "Owners Cottage" for more details and photos.
Breakfast, pre-dinner drinks and a five-course dinner are included in the daily tariff.
Huka Lodge is situated in beautiful park-like gardens. Explore the gardens and flowers, or perhaps soak in the hot pools. There is an all weather tennis court and also a petanque court for guests use. From the grounds of Huka Lodge, you can reach the beautiful Huka Falls just by a short walk.


Racial profiling is described as the use of an individual's ethnic appearance or physical characteristics to decide whether to engage in law enforcement exercises.
This lesson looks at four texts, all related to racial profiling. The texts are all very different in nature because they target different audiences. Comparing and contrasting the different texts will help us understand how audience and purpose affect the structure and content of texts, which is the first learning outcome for Part 1.
Below are four texts, all of which relate to the topic of racial profiling. Have a discussion on the different nature of the texts as you fill in the table below. Here are definitions of four concepts to apply to these four texts.
Text type is a term used to describe the nature of the text, where its found and what kind of structural conventions it uses. See also the glossary definition of 'textuality' and the section of this Subject Site on text types.
Audience refers to the people targeted by the text. What can be said about the demographic group that reads texts like the ones you are studying?
Message refers to the main idea that the author is trying to convey. What is the basic understanding that the audience is meant to come away with?
Purpose is often closely related to message. Why is the writer writing this message? In your answer to this question, go beyond superficial responses that only mention the purpose to entertain, persuade or inform.
The title says it all: Police officers must not discriminate.
To define the law and clarify the government's position on racial profiling.
Any person, African American or Hispanic, who feels like a victim of racial profiling.
The main idea is that racial profiling is common but not legal.
To help victims understand their rights, advise minorities on how to handle situations.
The message is that racial profiling happens, and you should know how to deal with it in a smart and effective way.
To spread awareness about a problem in America, to inform and advise minorities on their rights, to raise support for the ACLU.
A public service announcement, that takes the shape of a 'wanted' poster.
Americans in general, both African American and white. Readers of the New Yorker (where this appeared), a magazine that targets a higher-educated audience.
You cannot judge a persone by his or her color of skin. Unfortunately it happens regularly and action can be taken to prevent it.
To raise awareness about a common problem, to support the ACLU.
Use the four texts below to fill in the chart above.
Federal law enforcement agencies and officers sometimes engage in law enforcement activities, such as traffic and foot patrols, that generally do not involve either the ongoing investigation of specific criminal activities or the prevention of catastrophic events or harm to the national security. Rather, their activities are typified by spontaneous action in response to the activities of individuals whom they happen to encounter in the course of their patrols and about whom they have no information other than their observations. These general enforcement responsibilities should be carried out without any consideration of race or ethnicity.
Example: While parked by the side of the highway, a federal officer notices that nearly all vehicles on the road are exceeding the posted speed limit. Although each such vehicle is committing an infraction that would legally justify a stop, the officer may not use race or ethnicity as a factor in deciding which motorists to pull over. Likewise, the officer may not use race or ethnicity in deciding which detained motorists to ask to consent to a search of their vehicles.
The most common example of police racial profiling is "DWB", otherwise known as "driving while black". This refers to the practice of police targeting African Americans for traffic stops because they believe that African Americans are more likely to be engaged in criminal activity.
While racial profiling is illegal, a 1996 Supreme Court decision allows police to stop motorists and search their vehicles if they believe trafficking illegal drugs or weapons. More traffic stops leads to more arrests, which further skews the racial profiling statistics against African Americans. Studies have shown that African Americans are far more likely to be stopped and searched. Are African Americans really committing more crimes or are they just caught more often because the police target them? This is a vicious cycle that even the strictest law enforcement advocates would admit is patently unfair.
What can you do if you are stopped?
Know your rights: you are not required to give permission to police officer to search your car. You can deny the request - but do so politely.
Don't argue: the police may try to intimidate you. Do not be confrontational and provoke an argument.
Get the names of the officers: be sure to get their badge numbers, squad car number, license plate number, and make a note of the location and time of day.
File a complaint if you feel you have been mis-treated: contact the ACLU or other civil rights organizations for legal advice.
To further your understanding of the texts, you can base a discussion on the following questions.
Which two texts are the most similar? Why do you think this?
Which texts were the most difficult to understand? How did your understanding of the text depend on the context of the text?
In Text 4 you see two faces. The face on the left is Martin Luther King, civil rights activist. The man on the right is Charles Manson, serial killer. Knowing this, how does your understanding of the text change?
Written task 1 - After reading one of the texts, you can write a letter to its author. You can write a letter to the US Department of Justice, commending them for their efforts to prevent racial profiling. You can write a letter to Elon White, commenting on his use of humor to inform his audience. You could write a letter to the American Civil Liberties Union, responding to their ad campaign on racial profiling.
"How does the text conform to, or deviate from, the conventions of a particular genre, and for what purpose?"
"How has the text borrowed from other texts, and with what effects?"
Answers to these questions could include comments on the use of the 'wanted poster' text type, the choice of image and the language of the copy. A sample response to one of these questions has been provided in the written task 2 samples section of the Subject Site.


text:
Starbucks Staff Can Vote to Unionize at Three More New York Stores, U.S. Labor Official Rules
A Starbucks sign hangs above the entrance of one of the chain's coffee shops in the Loop on January 04, 2022 in Chicago, Illinois. Workers at the coffee shop have submitted signed cards seeking to join an affiliate of the Service Employees International Union (SEIU), making it the first Starbucks in the Midwest to request a union certification.
Scott Olson—Getty Images
By Josh Eidelson and Leslie Patton / Bloomberg
January 14, 2022 12:53 PM EST
Starbucks Corp. employees at three more restaurants in New York state will vote on unionization, a U.S. labor official ruled Friday, offering organizers a chance to expand a new labor foothold that's already inspiring copycat efforts around the country.
In her ruling, Nancy Wilson, an acting regional director of the National Labor Relations Board, rejected the company's arguments against holding store-by-store votes. She ordered that ballots be mailed to employees on January 31 and due back by February 22.
Employees at the three stores will vote on joining Workers United, the same Service Employees International Union affiliate that recently won elections at two other sites in the same Buffalo region. Those two restaurants represent the sole unionized locations at Starbucks's roughly 9,000 corporate-run U.S. locations.
People march during a protest in support of Amazon and Starbucks workers in New York City on November 26, 2021.
YUKI IWAMURA—AFP/Getty Images
Workers are also slated to vote on joining Workers United this month in Arizona, and others have petitioned for votes in cities including Boston, Chicago, Seattle, Knoxville, Tennessee, and the company's hometown of Seattle. The campaign has continued to spread this week, with new election petitions filed in Ohio, New Jersey, and Florida.
In a December letter to employees, the company's North America president Rossann Williams reiterated that "we do not want a union between us as partners," but that "we respect the legal process," and "will bargain in good faith" at the first New York store where the union prevailed.
Amazon Workers Will Vote on Unionization by Mail
What America's Richest Ski Town's Handling of COVID-19 Shows

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


An Indiana high school basketball player who's battled epilepsy his entire life says students from a rival high school mocked his condition by flopping around on the ground and urging him to "Have a seizure!" as he tried to shoot free throws.
James Franklin, a student at Cathedral High School in Indianapolis, said the taunts left him distracted and emotional as he played Friday night against Center Grove High School.
In the clip, a Center Grove student is seen thrashing around on the ground in front of the student section as Franklin stands at the free throw line.
Franklin's mother, Tamieka, said her son was also met with taunts of, "Have another seizure, have another seizure," later in the game as he took the ball out of bounds.
She also noted that it wasn't likely the incident was a coincidence, as Center Grove students had also printed out photos of the mother of one of James' teammates.
Tamieka did, however, note that the student who appeared to mock her son apologized to him after the game.
That student, a Center Grove senior, later told WTHR that he was unaware James had epilepsy, and was just trying to do the "worm" dance move.
James seemed reluctant to believe the student's explanation, though, noting on Twitter that it was clear the Center Grove students had done their research because of the photos of his teammate's mom and the "seizure" chants.
"We do not condone any behavior intended to mock, disparage or humiliate any player or student," the statement read.
Principal Jeffry Henderson did not immediately respond to a request for comment regarding possible consequences for the student involved.


text:
FOUNDATION_EXPORT double Pods_QMUI_DemoVersionNumber;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT const unsigned char Pods_QMUI_DemoVersionString[];


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text:
Need Advice
The Best of The Fraternity Advisor
The Fraternity Leader
link to Fraternity Rush – Lessons Learned from a Master Recruiter
Fraternity Rush – Lessons Learned from a Master Recruiter
I was good at fraternity rush as a member of my fraternity. I would find the most guys. I then had a knack to convince them to join. That said, I didn't do a good job when I was rushing...
link to How to Be a Great Fraternity President
How to Be a Great Fraternity President
What is a Fraternity President? A Fraternity President is responsible for leading the chapter. This includes organizing and motivating the membership. It also includes managing fraternity...
link to The Complete Guide to Fraternity Recruitment
The Complete Guide to Fraternity Recruitment
What is Fraternity Recruitment? Fraternity recruitment is the process where fraternities find new members. This typically occurs during the first few weeks of the semester, and is often called...
link to Fraternity Mixers – 11 Ways to Ensure Success
Fraternity Mixers – 11 Ways to Ensure Success
Fraternity mixers do not have to be complicated. Follow these 11 tips to make your fraternity mixer a success.
link to Fraternity Public Relations
Fraternity Public Relations
Fraternity's do a terrible job in regards to public relations. The negative stories about fraternities outnumber the positive stories by about 100 to 1. However, you can choose to be part of the...
link to How to Throw a Fraternity Party
How to Throw a Fraternity Party
College life is more than just books and exams. It is about enjoying the moment and living life to its fullest. Follow these seven rules to make your party a success.
The Fraternity Advisor was created in 2009. The site has helped hundreds of thousands of students improve their fraternities and develop as leaders in the process. Our two books - The Fraternity Leader and The Chapter President - are for student leaders looking to take their chapters to the next level.
© 2023 Copyright The Fraternity Advisor | Make Your Fraternity the Best on Campus


Major Lazer is an electronic dancehall project created by producers Diplo and Switch in 2009. The current members of the group are Diplo, Jillionaire and Walshy Fire. Former members include Switch and Skerrit Bwoy.
Major Lazer has released four full-length albums: Guns Don't Kill People… Lazers Do in 2009, Free the Universe in 2013, Peace is the Mission in 2015, and Music is the Weapon in 2018.


text:
AFT Awards: Best Writing for a Limited Series or TV Movie
This is the twenty-second category of the 14th Annual AFT Television Awards, my personal choices for the best in television during the 2019-2020 season. This year, I'm including a shorter list, with just nominees and a few finalists, if applicable. Nominees are pictured in the order I've ranked them.
Best Writing for a Limited Series or TV Movie
Last year's nominees: I'm excited to introduce this category for the first time this year after watching more limited series than ever in my life.
Emmy nominees: Shirley (Mrs. America), Episode 3 (Normal People), Episode 1 (Unbelievable), Part 1 (Unorthodox), This Extraordinary Being (Watchmen)
Finalists: Simone (Dispatches from Elsewhere), Part 1 (Unorthodox), Episode 8 (Normal People), Fredwynn (Dispatches from Elsewhere), Chapter 1: Out of the Depth, I Cry to You (Our Boys), 1995 (The Loudest Voice), Hooray for Hollywood: Part 1 (Hollywood), This Extraordinary Being (Watchmen), Little Fear of Lightning (Watchmen), Episode 12 (Normal People), Episode 11 (Normal People), Part 2 (Unorthodox), Part 3 (Unorthodox), Part 4 (Unorthodox), Episode 3 (Unbelievable)
The nominees:
Episode 2 (Normal People)
It's Summer and We're Running Out of Ice (Watchmen)
Peter (Dispatches from Elsewhere)
Jill (Mrs. America)
A God Walks into Abar (Watchmen) is headache-inducing to consider thanks to the complexity of its concepts, but the way in which its content unfolds is gripping and captivating.
Next up: Best Ensemble in a Limited Series
Posted by Movies with Abe at 9/28/2020
Labels: AFT Awards, AFT Awards 2020, Best Writing for a Miniseries or Made-for-TV Movie
What I'm Watching: Fargo (Season Premiere)
What I'm Watching: The Comey Rule (Series Premiere)
A "Walking Dead" for a New Generation and a New Mo...
AFT Awards: Best Ensemble in a Comedy Series
AFT Awards: Best Ensemble in a Drama Series
AFT Awards: Best Ensemble in a Limited Series
AFT Awards: Best Writing for a Limited Series or T...
AFT Awards: Best Directing for a Limited Series or...
AFT Awards: Best Writing for a Comedy Series
AFT Awards: Best Directing for a Comedy Series
AFT Awards: Best Writing for a Drama Series
AFT Awards: Best Directing for a Drama Series
AFT Awards: Best Guest Actress in a Comedy Series
AFT Awards: Best Guest Actor in a Comedy Series
AFT Awards: Best Guest Actress in a Drama Series
AFT Awards: Best Guest Actor in a Drama Series
Pilot Review: Utopia
Take Three: Tehran
Round Two: Tehran
Pilot Review: Tehran
What I'm Watching: Ted Lasso
What I'm Watching: Raised by Wolves
Pilot Review: The Murders at White House Farm
What I'm Watching: Dead Pixels (Season Finale)
What I'm Watching: Manhunt: Deadly Games (Season P...
Round Two: We Are Who We Are
Pilot Review: Filthy Rich
Round Two: The Third Day
AFT Awards: Best Supporting Actress in a Limited S...
AFT Awards: Best Supporting Actor in a Limited Ser...
AFT Awards: Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Se...
AFT Awards: Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series
AFT Awards: Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
AFT Awards: Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
AFT Awards: Best Lead Actress in a Limited Series ...
AFT Awards: Best Lead Actor in a Limited Series or...
AFT Awards: Best Lead Actress in a Comedy Series
AFT Awards: Best Lead Actor in a Comedy Series
AFT Awards: Best Lead Actress in a Drama Series
AFT Awards: Best Lead Actor in a Drama Series
Emmy Reactions
Final Emmy Winner Predictions
Creative Arts Emmy Winners
ICYMI: Emmy Panel
Pilot Review: Ratched
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Comedy Series
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Drama Series
What I'm Watching: Brave New World (Season Finale)
What I'm Watching: Orange is the New Black (Series...
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Supporting Actress i...
What I'm Watching: Dead Pixels
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Lead Actress in a Li...
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Supporting Actor in ...
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Lead Actress in a Co...
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Lead Actor in a Come...
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Lead Actress in a Dr...
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Lead Actor in a Dram...
Pilot Review: We Are Who We Are
Pilot Review: The Third Day
What I'm Watching: We Hunt Together (Season Finale)
Live Emmy Panel Tuesday Night!
What I'm Watching: Coastal Elites
Take Three: Pure
Pilot Review: The Duchess
What I'm Watching: Intelligence (Season Finale)
What I'm Watching: The Capture (Season Finale)
What I'm Watching: Hitmen (Season Finale)
What I'm Watching: Brave New World
Netflix with Abe: Orange is the New Black (Penulti...
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Limited Series
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best TV Movie
Pilot Review: Woke
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Writing for a Comedy...
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Directing for a Come...
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Writing for a Drama ...
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Directing for a Dram...
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Lead Actor in a Limi...
What I'm Watching: We Hunt Together
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Writing for a Limite...
Emmy Winner Predictions: Best Directing for a Limi...


GulfStar advisors have helped many business owners realize greater outcomes than they expected. Here on these pages are some of the stories behind the transactions. We believe they demonstrate the valuable experience we offer business owners in situations similar to yours.


text:
Knowledge Management and Economic Growth: The Assessment of Links and Determinants of Regulation
Olena Oliinyk; Yuriy Bilan; Halyna Mishchuk
DOI: 10.7206/cemj.2658-0845.52
https:/doi.org/10.7206/cemj.2658-0845.52
Purpose: In order to make an informed choice of the most effective tools for ensuring the development of a competitive economy, it is important to take into account the links between macroeconomic indicators of progress and the most important components of knowledge management. In this regard, the aim of our study is to assess the relationship between knowledge management factors and economic growth in order to select the factors that most determine the positive changes in Gross national income per capita.
Methodology/results: As a result of the systematization of the main international indices, which use knowledge management factors and the authors' correlation analysis of their relationships with GNI per capita, conclusions are made about the greatest effectiveness at the present stage of action, which results in skills development (such as the ability to work with new technologies and with people, flexibility and cooperation), innovative capacity, access to information and means of communication.
Findings: The perception of these factors as determinants of economic development and the appropriate direction of the levers of economic policy will result in achieving the greatest economic efficiency on the basis of the development of the knowledge economy.
Should Advertisers Avoid Controversial TV Content? Female Viewer Loyalty and Purchase Intent in the Context of Targeted Sponsorship Vignettes
Grzegorz Banerski; Cezary Biele; Marcin Awdziej; Adam Kaczyński; Sylwester Molenda
Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether controversial TV content impacts the effects of non – standard advertising such as sponsorship vignette among female viewers.
Methodology: The present study used two field experiments (n = 222; n = 219) conducted as a Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) questionnaire, during which video material was presented. The study manipulated controversial and non-controversial and the variable of congruence and incongruence – through the argument of video material in the form of TV programs and advertising spots.
Results: The empirical investigation revealed that controversial and incongruent content does not necessarily alter the effect of a sponsorship vignette. Loyal viewers who consistently follow programs were found to have higher purchase intent than less loyal ones.
Implications: The results suggest that advertisers should consider placing their messages in the context of controversial TV programming, which does not have to be congruent with the ads displayed.
Limitations: The stimuli applied in the studies were arbitrary, to a certain extent. The study did not investigate program's about sex that fit the definition of controversiality.
Originality/value: The study contributes to the existing literature on ad–content congruence by investigating consumer responses to innovative ad format: the sponsorship vignette. We investigated how specific content watched in longer periods of time (i.e. a series) may impact the advertising effectiveness of embedded sponsorship vignettes. This approach allowed us to demonstrate the importance of viewers' loyalty towards a TV program, resulting in a change of the level of purchase intent of advertised product.
Business Models of "New Cooperativism" Organizations as an Instrument of Sustainable Development Stimulation
Paweł A. Zawiślak
Purpose: The article presents business models developed in organizations of the "new cooperativism" trend, whose application leads to a bottom-up solution of important social problems at the local level and, in a broader perspective, stimulation of sustainable development.
Methodology: The adopted methodology uses a qualitative approach. The research was conducted in the form of case studies of four organizations following "new cooperativism," based on in-depth interviews, observations, and analyses of organizational documents and various types of publicly available materials.
Findings: The study showed that "new cooperativism" organizations use in their business models the old practices developed by classical cooperatives, which work well in today's conditions and have the potential to provide a positive impact on important socioeconomic dysfunctions, which can be fully implemented through modern technologies.
Research Limitations: The limitations typical of the case study method entail the uncertainty of results replication, which disallows their broad generalization. However, the obtained results indicate the need to conduct a scientific diagnosis of emerging collaborative grassroots organizations and the importance of their participation in the three-sector economic concept of the state.
Originality: The article and its conclusions are based on empirical research of the practical effectiveness of business models used in organizations of the "new cooperativism" trend.
Comparing Two Instruments of Transformational Leadership
Antek Kasemaa; Reelika Suviste
Purpose: To compare two transformational leadership instruments, Bass's Full Range Leadership Model and its instrument Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire with the Transformational Leadership Scale proposed by Rafferty and Griffin (2004), using empirical evidence from a single sample.
Methodology: The sample includes participants from different levels of the Estonian Defence Forces' military hierarchy (N = 2570). The structures of the Transformational Leadership Scale and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire were examined with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, while other methods were used to compare the two instruments.
Findings: The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire is statistically significantly better at predicting outcome variables like satisfaction with leader, effectiveness, and extra effort; however, the Transformational Leadership Scale did predict outcome variables at a sufficient level.
Research & Practical Limitations/Implications: The current research contributes to the validation of the Transformational Leadership Scale proposed by Rafferty and Griffin (2004). The results indicated that the Transformational Leadership Scale is a valuable research tool to study transformational leadership; however, some subscales require further development. Moreover, we may conclude that there is a difference between subsamples – e.g. between commanders and conscripts – that describe outcome variables using the Transformational Leadership Scale as a transformational leadership instrument.
Originality/value: There is very limited research that compares different transformational leadership instruments.
Measures of Competitive Intensity – Analysis Based on Literature Review
Dariusz Kwieciński
Purpose: To systematize the existing approaches and tools used for measuring competitive intensity.
Methodology: Systematic literature review along with critical literature review.
Findings: Identifcation of two main approaches to measuring competition intensity: the frst pertains to research based on experts' opinions and involves the use of questionnaires (primary sources), while the second is based on structural variables used with a variety of indexes (secondary sources). In addition, variables applied for the purpose of measuring the intensity of competition are divided into structural and behavioural.
Practical implications: The issue of measuring competition intensity occupies a prominent place in the discussion on the effectiveness of inter-organizational relationships. The fndings outlined in this paper may help managers to develop/adopt the right approach supporting their strategic decisions.
Originality: The paper provides a complex review of the existing methods and measures of competitive intensity. It systematizes recent knowledge about competitive intensity measurements.
Students' Team Project Experiences and Their Attitudes Towards Teamwork
Aleksandra Rudawska
Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of team project experiences of students (presence and role of a leader; fairness in team projects; conditions supporting teamwork created by a university) on their attitudes towards teamwork, especially the perception of teamwork effectiveness and the preference of working in teams.
Methodology: In the study the quantitative research was done among master degree Polish students of Management (105 questionnaires). The measures used for the study were developed specifcally for the study referring to the previous research in the feld.
Findings: Results indicate that leaders in team projects and conditions supporting teamwork are connected with the students' perception of teamwork effectiveness, while the fairness in team projects is connected with students' preference of working collectively.
Research implications: We conclude that in order to develop a positive attitude towards teamwork, the teamwork projects should be better supported by the instructors (especially supporting the emergence of leader(s) and minimising the problem of free riders) and the university should create a climate that facilitates teamworking, otherwise team projects might negatively influence students' attitude towards collective work.
Value: On the labour market the teamwork skills are one of the most important skills of employees, as the team-based organizational designs are becoming the norm in work organization. The study is contributing to the understanding of the relations between student experiences and their attitudes as well as the role played by high education in the development of these attitudes. Some previous research in Anglo-Saxon culture countries indicate that team project assignments realised by students during studies might even hinder their attitudes to teamwork and their willingness to work in teams in the future.
How to Successfully Internationalize SMEs from the CEE Region: The Role of Strategies of Differentiation and Education
Melita Balas Rant; Simone Korenjak Černe
Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to better understand why some SMEs who pursue a niche strategy on the international scale are more effective with a differentiation via innovation while others with marketing differentiation.
Methodology: Therefore, the paper studies the effectiveness of different points of differentiation (innovation, marketing) of hidden champion type of companies: (1) from the perspective of the unknowns of the key success factors in the specifc market segment, and (2) from the perspective of the professional mindset/education of the strategist.
Findings: The results show that differentiation via innovation positively impacts frm performance when there are many market unknowns over key success factors, whereas marketing differentiation positively impacts frm performance when there are few market unknowns over key success factors. On the other hand, when top management earns a business education, the impact of marketing differentiation on frm performance is signifcant, positive, and strong. The effectiveness of differentiation via innovation does not depend on education.
Research limitations/implications: These results mostly consider the hidden champion type of companies, which prefer not to reveal themselves or their data to the public. The transferability of this research is thus limited.
Originality/value: This paper studies the hidden champion type of companies, which usually receive little attention from researchers, through the lens of differentiation via innovation and marketing differentiation as two distinct ways of competing as their effectiveness is contingent on the market unknowns.
Impressions of Competency: Tactics and a Conceptual Model
Julita Haber; Robyn Brouer
Purpose: The study introduces a research stream of impressions of competency (IC) within the impression management feld. The need for more understanding and research on IC within the feld stems from the rising levels of information processing and competency expectations at work. This shift towards knowledge-intensive processes within organizations creates an environment in which the need to be perceived as competent has become even more relevant. As a result, employees may rely on IC tactics, if the expectation is that they appear as knowledgeable, skilled, and intelligent (i.e., competent).
Methodology: The paper frst includes a new typology of IC tactics that comprises impression management strategies used by individuals specifcally to attain an enhanced image of competence in the workplace. Second, it provides a conceptual model and offers propositions with regards to the antecedents, effectiveness, and outcomes of IC tactics for consideration in future research. Conclusions: The research suggests that higher social norms of displaying competency in the workplace will contribute to higher IC tactic use especially by individuals keen on self-monitoring. Furthermore, politically skilled individuals are more effective with IC tactics, which results in more desirable evaluations of performance.
Research limitations: This is a theoretical and conceptual study. It formulates propositions for further empirical research studies.
Originality: This paper introduces IC within the impression management feld by identifying IC tactics and developing a conceptual model for the examination of their effectiveness in the workplace.
Entrepreneurship in Virtual Economy: the Case of Currency One SA
Ewa Badzińska; Magdalena Brzozowska-Woś
Purpose: The scientifc purpose of the study is an attempted synthesis of interpretation of "the virtual economy" and "the virtual environment" in the Polish and foreign literature on the subject. The cognitive purpose thereof is to offer an identifcation and a qualitative analysis of the factors that determine the development of e-entrepreneurship using an example of business practice. Methodology: The theoretical basis of the study is a scientifc research of leading scholars on the theory of entrepreneurship in the context of virtual economy. An exploratory, qualitative case study methodology has been applied for the purpose thereof. The research has been conducted using the example of Currency One SA, operating on the currency exchange market in virtual economy. The application of the empirical method of a case study has made it possible to characterize the essence of e-entrepreneurship and present the studied phenomenon in business practice. Findings: Research results reveal an existence of interdependencies between the intellectual potential of staff members and the market success of a company. Explanation of the critical success factors, showing the implementation of innovative ICT solutions and stages of company development, illustrates how the existing theory is experienced by practitioners in virtual economy. Furthermore, the paper confrms the positive impact of e-entrepreneurship on the effectiveness of the company subject to analysis, and presents virtual economy as a completely new sphere through which it is possible to offer new products and services. Research implications: The rationale for conducting research on case studies is the need to orient the practice towards a better understanding of modern economic reality. The study may provide a starting point for empirical quantitative research, as well as act as a contribution to the discussion on entrepreneurship in the rapidly changing virtual economy. Originality: This paper comprises not only a set of notions related to and the concept of e-business models, but also offers new arguments in the discussion on the framework for entrepreneurship in virtual economy. The conducted research is an original attempt to explain the essence of the studied phenomenon and to illustrate its progress in a changing business environment.
Social value added (SVA) as an adaptation of economic valueadded (EVA) to the specifcity of cultural institutions
Paweł Wnuczak
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present the concept of social value added (SVA) as a tool for measuring the effectiveness of the activity of not-for-proft cultural institutions. Findings: The modifcations presented in this article make it possible to adapt economic value added (EVA) to the needs and specifcity of not-for-proft public cultural institutions. Applying a modifed EVA parameter, that is SVA, in cultural institutions may facilitate the process of management and the measurement of effective utilization of resources of these entities.
Methodology: A direct application of the measure of economic value added (EVA) in the case of evaluation of non-proft activity of cultural institutions would be impossible because of the specifcity of such organizations, which – as distinct from standard enterprises – are not oriented on generating fnancial gains. The article covers several successive modifcations of EVA, which lead eventually to the measure of social value added (SVA). This parameter represents the difference between the social impact of an evaluated institution and the social cost of capital involved in the conducted activity. A positive SVA means that the activity carried out by the institution subject to evaluation is socially viable. The method of SVA calculation presented in the article has been supported by a numerical example.
Originality/value: Published sources seldom tend to cover the tools improving management process or making it possible to measure the effects achieved by public cultural institutions. The solution discussed in this paper is a contribution to the body of reference literature in the said scope.
Economic Identities: Four Paths Out of the "Iron Cage"
Witold Morawski
This paper discusses ways out of an approach adopted in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which I refer to as instrumental rationalism (pl. racjonalizm instrumentalny). It was to determine, inter alia, the place occupied by humans within an organization construed as a machine in the self-proclaimed modern era. It is one in which the substance of what we refer to as "here and now" is determined by rationality, functionality, utility, usability, effectiveness and effciency. This approach was best captured by Max Weber's metaphor of the "iron cage" (German "Stahlhartes Gehause", translated as "iron cage" by Talcott Parsons), although Weber himself refers to "like a light cloak, which can be thrown away any moment [...] shell as hard as steel" (Weber, 1994, p. 181).
The Psychic Distance Concept: A Review of 25 Years of Research (1990–2015)
Mariola Ciszewska-Mlinaric; Piotr Trąpczyński
Purpose: There have been numerous studies analyzing the role of psychic (and cultural) distance in the internationalization process focused on relationships between distance and market selection, entry mode, or subsidiary performance. Still, cumulative findings of this body of research are mixed and inconclusive. Thus, this review aims for a rigorous presentation of past research on psychic distance, with particular focus on the aspects of international business operations affected by psychic distance in the light of empirical studies.
Methodology: This review encompasses 55 papers, both empirical and conceptual, published between 1990–2015 in top IB, international marketing, and management journals. In general, the papers under review were published in 27 journals, with the vast majority of them being published in 2005 or later. The vast majority of reviewed papers are of empirical character (47 papers), while eight are conceptual.
Findings: Since 2005, the number of articles published in top academic journals that featured the term "psychic distance" in the title has quadrupled. Common research topics include not only the core domain of internationalization process and performance, but also focus on understanding the concept of psychic distance, analyzing its antecedents and coping modes. Other studies have addressed the performance implications of psychic distance in conjunction with variables like strategy adaptation to foreign markets.
Research limitations/implications: While the present review is limited in the number of papers taken into account, it does provide an initial overview of the structure of the field. However, the comparability of findings of different studies is limited by factors such as firm samples or presence of multicultural nations. In terms of directions for further research, promising topics include the relationship between perceived and 'real' distances or the effectiveness of different coping modes.
Originality/value: The present paper identifies key research streams related to psychic distance and its role for international business. Based on an analysis of their content, it outlines several avenues for further investigation.
Social Objectives in Polish Fiscal Policy – Spending vs Performance
Sławomir Franek
Purpose: The organization of this article was subordinated to the connections between the government program documentation related to the state social objectives and their implementation at the budgetary level. The article shows the necessity of perceiving fiscal policy as an instrument to implement government programming objectives. The aim of the article is to assess the degree of implementation of social objectives on the basis of information resulting from the experience gained in the area of performance budgeting in Poland.
Methodology: To assess the scale of financing of social objectives in Poland in comparison with other European countries, the author used Eurostat data from COFOG (Classification of the Functions of Government). To assess the effectiveness of state operations related to the achievement of social objectives, the author used information from the implementation of the performance-oriented state budget. It was assumed that the performance-oriented system linking the clear structure of public expenditure with the objectives and measures assigned to them to assess the effectiveness of fiscal policy in particular areas of government intervention.
Findings: The relations between individual strategic documents related to social objectives and performance-oriented budgetary structure are presented. The results indicate that the scale of financing of social tasks in Poland is at a lower level than the average for European countries. The author points out the functions related to the achievement of social objectives whose effectiveness could be improved.
Originality: Using information from the implementation of the performance-oriented budget to compare the individual budget functions of social character on the basis of the evaluation of the degree to which the measures for these functions' operations have been implemented.
Organization Effectiveness and Business Intelligence Systems. Literature Review
Remigiusz Tunowski
Purpose: To better understand the impact of Business Intelligence systems on organizations' effectiveness.
Methodology: Critical and descriptive literature review.
Findings: On the basis of numerous case studies described in literature and pertaining to various
types of enterprises, different industries and countries, the paper confirms the positive impact of
the implementation of Business Intelligence systems on organizations' effectiveness.
Research implications: The paper provides insights that can fuel future in-depth research aimed
at the development of objective methods for measuring the impact of the implementation of Business
Intelligence systems on organizational effectiveness, as well as further quantitative research.
Practical implications: Results of the majority of studies indicate that the implementation of Business
Intelligence systems brings tangible benefits to organizations. The implementation should,
however, be appropriate and adequate, adjusted to each organization's resources.
Originality: The paper organizes and systematizes knowledge about the impact of BI implementation
on organisation's efficiency.
Analysis of Ineffectiveness Arising in "Investor-government" Relations
Dmytro, B. Sokolovskyi; Olena , V. Sokolovska
behavior of investors and government in the process of decision-making related to financing designed
to reduce risks in investment activity.
Methodology: Considering the interdependent type (nature) of interactions between related parties,
game theory tools were used to model such interactions. Much attention was directed to search for
parameters of interaction leading to certain Nash equilibriums in pure strategies. The formal results
obtained with the model were verified by statistical analysis.
Findings: Analysis showed that the rational behavior of related parties can lead to unexpected
results. Powerful investors will aim to work in socially-oriented economies, whereas primarily
small investors will operate in most liberal economies with a minimum tax burden but with a higher
level of risk. As for governments' behaviors, the images are the same: small economies tend to
liberalize their tax systems and to secure investment faster than powerful ones. Empirical verification
based on statistical data of groups of countries generally confirmed the conclusions. These
formal and logical conclusions were from statistical analysis of 124 countries divided into 5 groups:
OECD countries, post-socialist countries, Latin American countries, APAC countries and ACP
countries. Provided that the more powerful ones are covered economies, there was stronger interdependence
between the size of economies and tax burden and also between total investment and
tax burden, where this dependence is positive.
Originality: The results obtained used Nash equilibriums in pure strategies as models of behavioral
norms to define behaviors of related parties and also to explain assumptions concerning the
behaviors of investors and government.
Factors Influencing Effectiveness of Internal Communication
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to answer the question: "What are the most common factors
influencing effectiveness of internal communications faced by Polish organizations?" This article
discusses the role of internal communications practices leading to enhancement of organizational
performance. In particular, it concentrates on factors impeding the flow of information inside the
organization. Later on, the article presents empirical findings.
Methodology: Contemporary public relations, internal communications and employee communications
texts have been reviewed to identify how internal communications is defined in literature
and how it influences organization success. Relevant existing research was reviewed and primary
research was conducted. The latter consisted of 29 in-depth interviews with employees from various
Polish organizations.
Results/findings: The article presents interesting results that can be especially useful for internal
communications specialists and managers. It is recommended that to gain a fuller picture of the
issues underlying the findings, quantitative research with relevant employees should be undertaken.
Towards Behaviorally Informed Public Interventions
Karol Olejniczak; Paweł Śliwowski
Purpose: This article informs readers about the theoretical and practical origins of the behaviorally
informed interventions (BIPI), analyzes examples of the BIPI from different policy sectors and
strategies they offer for policy and regulatory design, and discusses applications and implications
of BIPI for public interventions.
Methodology: This paper is based on a review of literature, as well as an inspection of administrative
practices in OECD countries. It encompasses a systematic analysis of scientific papers from
the SCOPUS database and a query carried out at the library of George Washington University.
Findings: The traditional approach to public policy research is based on rational choice theory. It
offers limited support, because by assuming perfect rationality of policy decisions, it overlooks
existence of systematic errors and biases of human decision-making. The authors argue that behaviorally
informed public interventions (BIPI) might contribute to improving the effectiveness of
a number of public measures – regulation, projects, programs, and even entire policies.
Practical implications: The behavioral approach allows decision-makers to better understand the
decisions and behaviors of citizens, as well as to design more effective interventions with minimum
effort by adapting the existing solutions to real decision mechanisms of citizens.
Originality: By combining the concepts of traditional approach with the growing behavioral
approach, the authors aim to propose a new theoretical framework (BIPI) to be used as a tool for
policy design, delivery and evaluation.
The Lithuanian Government's Policy of Regulatory Impact Assessment
Jaroslav Dvorak
Purpose: This paper critically evaluates the development of the impact assessment instrument in
Lithuania's public administration and suggests improvements to its impact assessment system.
Research question: What interesting conceptual imperatives have appeared in Lithuania's investigation
of the impact of regulatory policy?
Methodology: This research study uses positivist methodology to analyse the problems that researchers
have identified in Lithuania's impact assessment. This investigation explains why certain
problems have appeared, what has changed and what system changes can be identified traced. The
study proceeds as follows. First, the research on impact assessment carried out in Lithuania is
analysed. Second, regulations on impact assessment in Lithuania are investigated. A substitute for
non-existent integrated theory is emphased by the logical structure of the EU administrative system
imperatives, principles, and norms, whose modifications have become the basis of impact assessment
system design in Lithuania. The present research combines, integrates and consolidates the
theoretical and practical information on impact assessment into an explanatory scheme, which
could be developed into a model in the future. Information from two qualitative interviews conducted
in 2009 and 2010 was also used.
Conclusions: The present research reveals that Lithuania's regulatory impact assessment model is
still being constructed and reconstructed towards evidence-based management. A model which
revises the old impact stereotype has been designed, based on contemporary methodologies (cost-
-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses), consultations with the interested parties, a small but
exhaustive legal initiatives impact assessment, and a centralised and institutional coordination of
impact assessment.
Practical consequences: The present research presents the issues which could be useful for the
states that are starting to implement a regulatory impact assessment model. This study described
the pitfalls to avoid in order to implement a successful evidence-based management initiative.
Originality: In the present research, regulatory impact assessment is emphased as an assessment
model and normative of the EU administration effectiveness and optimality, which can be used as
a good-practice example for the modernisation of administrative activities in Central and Eastern
Europe to the level their European counterpart


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text:
Advocacy of Illegal Action
Imminent Lawless Action Requirement
This is a category of speech that is not protected by the First Amendment. In Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969), the Supreme Court held, "the constitutional guarantees of free speech and free press do not permit a State to forbid or proscribe advocacy of the use of force or of law violation except where such advocacy is directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action."
Brandenburg's language about "imminent lawless action" produced the "Brandenburg Test," which requires that in order to punish the speaker, the speech is:
directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action, and
likely to incite or produce such action.
This "imminent lawless action" test was later reaffirmed by the Supreme Court in Hess v. Indiana, 414 U.S. 105 (1973), as the Court refused to punish speech that advocated illegal action which may take place in the indefinite future.
For more on the illegal advocacy of action, see this University of Berkeley Law Review article, this University of Indiana Law Journal article, and this University of New Hampshire Law review article.
wex articles
PROTECTED SPEECH
unprotected speech


At Shiv Nadar University, 24 Departments are housed in five Schools engaged in innovative teaching, practice and cutting-edge research.
The disciplinary departments aim to provide students with a broad foundation in fundamental principles, at the same time train them to apply this knowledge to real-life complex systems.
The unique undergraduate curriculum at the University gives students the flexibility to choose multiple electives across departments. It provides them the opportunity to not only discover their academic passion but also enhance their engagement in the learning process through the individualization of their programs of study.


I met this one on tinder and called himself Michael Anderson, Anderson Gray and Odallo Momano.
He is claiming on LinkedIn that he is a bit coin harvester. Deals and trade's in bit coin.
Under the name of Anderson Gray he came clean saying he is from Lagos, Nigeria. Sent photos he says are of him however they are photos of a actor from Africa.


text:
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Home » Learning Centre » Articles » Lifelong Learning Articles » Ethics in Action: The Role of Waqf in Early Muslim Society
Lifelong Learning Articles
Ethics in Action: The Role of Waqf in Early Muslim Society
Mr. Hasan Al-Khoee
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The Qur'anic ethics of care and generosity are woven deep into the fabric of Muslim civilisations. Embodied in the daily life of Prophet Muhammad, this ethical spirit emanated from the belief that Allah had entrusted responsibility and obligations to mankind as a whole and to the community of believers in particular.
"I will create a vicegerent (khalifa) on earth," Allah says to the angels in the second chapter of the Holy Qur'an (2:29), declaring man to be God's representative. Implicit within the grace of this trusteeship is a commitment to improve the lives of the less fortunate. Muslims are united in their belief of the inheritance of this covenant, and are ever committed to upholding those obligations of care and generosity. From the earliest period of Muslim history, many of the ethical values that emerged from the verses of the Holy Qur'an and Prophet Muhammad's teachings led to the development of institutions, funded by the faithful and dedicated to the betterment of life in society.
The Holy Qur'an makes the provision of social care a personal obligation. Numerous verses encourage people to attend to the needs of the poor and destitute. Strong reprimands are addressed to those who amassed wealth, ignoring their responsibilities to the poor. "Have you seen the one who calls Religion a lie?" Allah says to the people of Mecca, "that is the one who treats the orphan harshly, and does not urge others to feed the poor" (Q107:1-3). Instead, those who act and spend in a generous manner are accorded the highest praise.
Prophet Muhammad's ethical practice comprised of sympathy, empathy, compassion, mercy and respect. He taught that a believer should inquire about his neighbour before himself and God regularly exhorted the faithful through the Holy Qur'an to help the lonely traveller on the road. The giving of charity and acts of purity went hand in hand, so much so that the Qur'anic term, sadaqa (charity), also carries the meaning of "sincerity" or "truthfulness".
As the living examples of the ethical spirit of the Holy Qur'an, Prophet Muhammad and the Shi'i Imams fervently upheld the virtues of care, generosity and compassion. Many of the earliest Muslims who responded to Prophet Muhammad's call were on the margins of their communities to whom, in the midst of a society gripped by greed, he stood as an example of love and mercy. "We have only sent you to be a mercy to mankind" (Q21:07), Allah said to Prophet Muhammad, whose actions were driven by consideration for others. This emphasis on obligation of care went beyond the individual and became an obligation for the community as a whole. The community of believers is depicted in the Holy Qur'an as an umma, a single organism united through the bond of faith. Frequently, Allah reprimands not only individuals but communities as a whole for failing in their duties toward the less fortunate. The Meccans of the era before Islam were told:
"You do not honour the orphan, and you do not encourage one another to feed the poor, and you devour inheritances with greed, and you love wealth with exceeding love!"(Q89:17-20).
By shaping the Muslim umma as one organism, Allah and Prophet Muhammad obligated the community to do good works and to be responsible, crafting the umma's sense of purpose:
"You are the best community that has been raised up for mankind, enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong, and believing in God" (Q2:143).
Various Muslim communities which emerged over the subsequent centuries developed institutions through which the ethics of care, compassion and general social responsibility were realised. The Shi'i Imams similarly continued to teach their followers the ethical values intrinsic to the faith. For individuals, the obligation of giving charity was upheld by paying the zakat . Additionally, the Shi'i communities maintained the payment of khums (one-fifth of various types of income) to their Imam , buttressed by these very ideas of responsibility and obligation. However, it was one manifestation of the ethic of charitable giving, the waqf, which gained prominence as the method through which the community at large institutionalised the responsibility to better society.
A waqf is a legal document that sets aside certain property or resources for the purpose of a perpetual endowment. Literally meaning 'still' or 'unmoving' it is a declaration by an individual, always written, that a certain possession (be it money, land or property) would be held in perpetuity, as a trust, to be used for the betterment of the community. Thus, throughout the Muslim world, individuals donated their property and their possessions to be used to build places of worship and centres of education, to provide health-care, to facilitate trade, to fund and maintain sabils (structures that provided free water to the public), to create inns which housed pilgrims and to provide a range of institutions for the protection of the weak and needy. The institutionalisation of waqf provided a means for the community to upkeep collectively its obligation to uphold the ethics of compassion and care.
For many of these Muslim communities the bulk of their efforts to provide social care were centred around places of worship, the Prophet Muhammad's mosque providing an archetypal model. There, as the guide of the believers, he educated his followers in the teachings of the faith. At the same time, various other functions were performed in that sanctified space of worship, each focused toward the betterment of the members of the umma.
Food was prepared and given to the needy within its walls, money was distributed to those seeking aid, and shelter was accorded by Prophet Muhammad's mosque to those seeking sanctuary. Over time, the masjid s, Sufi lodges, shrines and other places of worship dotted from Morocco to China became centres through which Muslim communities could provide facilities to deal with the needs of society. The innumerable number of places of worship that were built and maintained in dedication to the spiritual devotion of the umma was made possible through various declarations of waqf. From within their walls there arose institutions that were devoted to the material, spiritual and intellectual welfare of the believers and those amongst whom they lived.
In keeping with the Qur'anic ethos, Prophet Muhammad and the Imams valued learning and gave knowledge a prominent and central role in Muslim civilisations. The medieval period saw a remarkable proliferation of institutions dedicated to learning, the schools themselves often started as auxiliary rooms of mosques. Knowledge was valued and resources were dedicated to its advancement. A considerable number of waqfs across the Muslim region provided salaries, food, accommodation, books and manuscripts to fund schools, universities, libraries, to train teachers and help in the provision of learning for society.
The Dar al-Hikma , (House of Wisdom) built by the Fatimid Imam-caliph al-Hakim in the 11th century was an example of this endeavour, where "the commander of the faithful al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah ordered to bring there, that is, the manuscripts in all the domains of science and culture... He allowed access to all this to people of all walks of life, whether they wanted to read books or dip into them. One of the already mentioned blessings, the likes of which had been unheard of, was also that he granted substantial salaries to all those who were appointed by him there to do service: jurists and others. People from all walks of life visited the House; some came to read books, others to copy them, and yet others to study. He also donated what people needed: ink, writing, reeds, paper and inkstands."[1]
Whilst the provision of education provided an avenue to nurture both the spirit and the mind, the Muslim ethic of social care maintained that healthcare was also a communal responsibility. The biographies of the various Prophets and Imams highlight numerous stories of their compassion toward the ailing. The obligation to care for the sick encouraged the development of the sciences associated with medicine throughout the early medieval Muslim world, institutionalised in the building of bimaristans/Dar al-Shifa'a (Places of the Sick/Houses of Healing) across the Muslim world. As with the spaces of worship and the centres of education, the hospitals were similarly funded and maintained by waqfs. As early as the 9th century CE in Baghdad, hospitals were built to provide medicine and care for the sick. By the 10th century CE, these centres of care began to send trained doctors out into rural areas, accompanied by 'mobile pharmacies' that dispensed medicines to those unable to travel to the urban centres. Large hospitals were built in the major cities of the Muslim world, such as the famed Nur al-Din Bimaristan (Damascus), and those diagnosed with serious illnesses were given clothing and care. Many of the waqf documents that helped in their establishment stipulated that their doors should be open to both the rich and the poor, regardless of race, religion or ethnicity.
The provision of education and healthcare were just two areas through which Muslim communities institutionalised the ethics of care, compassion, respect and generosity first set out by the Holy Qur'an and Prophet Muhammad. However, the institution of the waqf allowed for an extensive proliferation of services, funded by the community, for society at large. Orphanages and shelters provided the basic needs for a considerable number of those less fortunate; many an urban populace relied on aqueducts and sabils for their clean water; ponds and water-wheels were dedicated waqf to encourage farming; and way-stations and inns were built to facilitate trade routes and to allow pilgrims to converge. The ethic of communal responsibility extended beyond the provision of only essential services into facilitating the development of all the various facets of life.
In the Holy Qur'an, Allah regularly exhorts the believers to recognise that their fortune and prosperity arose only as a result of His blessings, teaching that the prosperous and the fortunate needed to convey both gratitude and recognition for their good fortune. This sense of gratitude was an integral part of the covenant established between God and the umma, yet it required the believer not only to vocalise that gratitude, but to act upon that feeling by distributing those very blessings to others, particularly the needy. A clear message in the Qur'anic ethos is that faith must go hand-in-hand with good works:
"And give glad tidings (O Muhammad) unto those who believe and do good works" (Q2:25).
The association of belief and good deeds ('amal salih) is found throughout the Holy Qur'an where Allah encourages mankind to "compete to do good works" (Q2:148). The waqf system provided the template upon which Muslim communities were able to maintain their obligation to do such works and uphold their duties of care and generosity to the whole of society. These commitments were true to the Qur'anic ethos that sought to enrich both the din and the dunya of the believers.
[1] Heinz Halm, The Fatimids and their Traditions of Learning, (London: I.B. Tauris; The Institute of Ismaili Studies, 1997), pp. 73-74
This is an edited version of an article that originally appeared in issues of The Ismaili magazine in December 2010 and March 2011.
In this article the author references certain key hadiths of Prophet Muhammad, Qur'anic verses and examples from the Prophet's...
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Relocation is a complex process, especially in coordination. Every week we receive calls and listings on our website from local home sellers in Houston who need assistance in selling their Houston homes. Fortunately, we can assist most of those homeowners to sell their property quickly because we buy homes in Houston Texas.
No matter the reason for relocating- whether a new job or a sick family member- the process is tedious and comes with many changes.
So, how do you reap the benefits of such a difficult circumstance?
You do not wish to be in a situation where you continue to possess and keep a vacant home for a long time. That becomes costly, and you can change that situation.
Currently, Houston's real estate market is stable, but it can change spontaneously. Over the past years, we have seen some solemn horror stories of significant losses. You cannot afford to wait for that to happen unless you are very wealthy.
Therefore, how do you make well- thought out decisions when shifting and require selling your Houston house fast? Follow the tips below.
First, identify the value of your house. You need to contact a highly regarded real estate agent or talk to us to receive a free, no-obligation property valuation service. After knowing the current market value of your house, you now have the foundation to decide whether to sell it fast or wait for some time.
Secondly, decide how promptly you must sell your home after you move. This step is a big one. I have seen experts who left Houston Texas for another job who had their home on the listings for more than a year and later sold it at a lower value than they hoped. Know how quick you must sell your house and for how long you want to continue paying mortgages, insurance, and other payments.
Thirdly, find a reputable real estate agent before packing your boxes. Begin early so that you can save time. You incur more every month you wait or take to sell the house. However, if you do not want to hire the services of a real estate agent, we are a stable local home buyer, and we would like to give you a quick fair all cash offer.
Fourthly, estimate the worth of selling your home fast against waiting for your hopeful price. Everyone would wish to sell their house for the best price ever. On the other hand, we forget the costs we incur for holding that property. Some of the expenses incurred include mortgage, taxes, insurance, maintenance, etc. However, you can avoid all these expenses and sell your home NOW at an offer through a company like us instead of waiting long for the full price which based on calculations does not make sense.
Last but not least, take action now if you do not want to wait and incur high holding expenses and real estate agent fees. We are ready to buy your Houston house at a fair price and close the deal quickly with cash. We are professionals in Houston real estate whom you can contact for the toughest questions and when you need to sell fast!


Steffi Gascon Hafen is a Certified Specialist in Estate Planning, Trust and Probate Law, California Board of Legal Specialization. She is a partner of the firm's Private Client Services and General Federal Tax practice groups and works in the Orange County and Los Angeles offices. Steffi's practice is concentrated in tax, trust, and estate matters with emphasis in estate planning, trust and probate administration, and estate and gift taxation. She employs advanced estate planning techniques, including grantor retained annuity trusts, family partnerships, limited liability companies, charitable remainder trusts, defective grantor trusts, insurance planning, public charities, and private foundations. She also advises clients regarding succession planning for closely held businesses. In addition, Steffi has experience in state and local taxation, including income taxation, sales and use taxation, and property taxation, as well as issues regarding residency and domicile. Steffi also represents clients in front of the California state and local taxing authorities, and the Internal Revenue Service. She works with clients' certified public accountants, financial planners, and other service providers to provide holistic solutions to clients' needs.


Heat the oven to 370 F.
Beat eggs and yolks with sugar until fluffy foam. Pour in pine nut oil, add vanilla sugar and milk, mix well with a spatula or wooden spoon. Add flour, sifted with baking powder, stir until a homogeneous dough, add half of the nuts and stir again.
Put the dough in the prepared baking form and sprinkle with the remaining nuts. Bake 50 min. Leave on for 5-10 minutes in the form, and then finally cool.


Full kitchen replacement to better utilise the space included total dismantle & re-gibbing of the existing walls - resulting in a contemporary country style kitchen.
The old tiled flooring and kitchen were removed and replaced with a new modern minimalist style of kitchen.
A total renovation project for the entire kitchen / lounge area to give open plan living spaces.


text:
Anđa Perić (rođ. Punda; 13. listopada 1910. – Kotlenice kod Dugopolja, 7. veljače 2019.), hrvatska stogodišnjakinja, najstarija živuća osoba u Hrvatskoj u razdoblju između 29. listopada 2018. do 7. veljače 2019. godine.

Životopis
Anđa Punda rodila se 13. listopada 1910. godine. Udala se za Duju Perića i imala je sina i dvije kćeri. U školu nije išla, ali je čitav svoj život teško radila. Sadila je kukuruz i krumpire, te je uzgajala životinje. Anđin brat je preminuo u dobi od 96 godina, deset mjeseci uoči njenog 108. rođendana. U 100-oj godini operirala je kuk. Kako tvrdi njen sin Vlade, jednom je imala upalu pluća i tada je prvi put popila tabletu.

U listopadu 2018. godine, Blaženko Boban, župan Splitsko-dalmatinski, čestitao joj je 108. rođendan. Za to vrijeme, imala je četvero unuka i četvero praunuka. Tvrdila je kako je recept za dugovječnost "skladan obiteljski život i dobre neviste". Dana 29. listopada 2018. godine, nakon smrti 110-godišnje Nine Valjalo iz Dubrovnika, Anđa je postala najstarija živuća osoba u Hrvatskoj. Preminula je 7. veljače 2019. godine u dobi od 108 godina.

Izvori

Životopisi, Dalmacija

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Toyota's Scion small-car brand has been called a laboratory; and it seems like the perfect testbed for new plug-in hybrid or full electric-car products.
Yet you won't see any of those from the brand—not even hybrids—in the lineup anytime soon.
The reason why is that the brand is still maintaining its focus on under-35-year-old crowd—a crowd that, generally speaking, just isn't willing to pay extra money for such technology.
DON'T MISS: Scion iQ To Be Pulled Off Sale As Tiny Car Fails To Sell In U.S.
So says Scion chief Doug Murtha, who admitted that he's frequently asked why there isn't a hybrid in the lineup.
"People think that this would have a lot of appeal with our target audience; and it absolutely does, and the environmental benefits are nice," said Murtha.
The wide-scale market expectation among younger shoppers, as the brand has found in market research, Murtha explained, is that advanced powertrain technology should just come standard--and that it should be the same price.
In the meantime, the brand has some very cost-conscious products, like the 2016 Scion iA it revealed at the New York Auto Show this past week.
That subcompact sedan, which will go on sale this fall at around $16,000, will earn EPA ratings of 33 mpg city, 42 highway.
Those numbers underscore the rising efficiency of gasoline-only smaller cars, which are now getting EPA combined ratings in the mid-30s.
Murtha pointed to the 50-mpg Toyota Prius C subcompact hybrid as a model where cost has become an issue.
The median buyer for the Prius C, which starts at $21,230, is actually older than the median Prius Liftback purchaser.
The Prius C could have been cast differently as a Scion—perhaps with more features inside, which younger shoppers have shown more willing to pay for.
But Murtha thinks the real issue is that under-the-hood hurdle with Millennials.
And that simply keeps hybrids, electrics, and even fuel-cell models off the serious-consideration list for Scion for now.
If I thought I could appeal to a generally younger customer with such a product, I'd go there," Murtha said.


text:
Warrington bride-to-be who threatened to blow up her neighbour's home is spared jail
admin November 29, 2022 Uncategorized
A bride-to-be who threatened to blow up her neighbour's house during a vile 1am rant has been spared jail.
Mother-of-four Sian Hughes, 31, launched a torrent of foul-mouthed abuse on the doorstep of Lauren Jackson's home having believed her neighbour reported her to the police.
Using Miss Jackson's Ring doorbell camera, Hughes, of Warrington, Cheshire, screamed: 'Try to start s*** with me and watch, you'll be dealing with police when I f******g burn the house down.
'F*** your cameras. You're a s**g, I will blow your f*****g house up. Someone will blow up your f****g house'.
Hughes faced jail after pleading guilty to threating to damage or destroy property, but was handed a 12-month community order and hit with a restraining order against Ms Jackson.
Mother-of-four Sian Hughes, 31, (above) launched a torrent of foul-mouthed abuse on the doorstep of Lauren Jackson's home having believed her neighbour reported her to the police
Using Miss Jackson's Ring doorbell camera, Hughes, of Warrington, Cheshire, screamed: 'Try to start s*** with me and watch, you'll be dealing with police when I f******g burn the house down
The incident occurred at 12.45am on October 6 this year when Hughes turned up outside at Miss Jackson's home and began shouting abuse.
During her verbal onslaught, Hughes described Miss Jackson as a 'f*****g little grass rat' and warned her from contacting the police.
Officers were alerted to the incident after Miss Jackson was woken up by the racket outside her front door and reviewed the footage on her mobile phone.
Prosecutor Tom McLoughlin told Warrington Magistrates' Court: 'The threats took place outside the address but were directed at the complainant. Miss Jackson said that the actions made her feel uncomfortable in her own home.
'She said they were having an effect on her mental health, her sleeping patterns and a detrimental effect on her work.'
Miss Jackson told police: 'I am constantly on edge in fear of her doing something to me. It is not right. I do not want it to continue.'
It had earlier emerged that Hughes had been embroiled in a five year 'toxic relationship' with her fiance and appeared in court for criminal damage after pushing his motorbike over during a row.
In mitigation for Hughes, defence lawyer Ian Weights said: 'She is having quite a traumatic time at the moment. She is in a relationship at present time, which has gone on for five years in total and certainly, the last two years have been very difficult and turbulent.
'Her partner is on bail with conditions because of allegations of assault that involve my client which police are investigating. My client received a conditional discharge for damage to his motorbike.
Hughes faced jail after pleading guilty to threating to damage or destroy property, but was handed a 12-month community order and hit with a restraining order against Ms Jackson
It had earlier emerged that Hughes had been embroiled in a five year 'toxic relationship' with her fiance and appeared in court for criminal damage after pushing his motorbike over during a row
'While I don't wish to trivialise it, it is not the most significant of previous convictions.'
Regarding the Ring camera incident Mr Weights said: 'She is not someone who sets fire to things. It's a verbal response after she perceived the neighbour had phoned the police and brought them in person and created problems for her.
'We use words sometimes that we do not mean literally. She was saying all sorts of things to try and upset the neighbour, speaking to her through the doorbell camera. It was not a pleasant incident, but it never went beyond verbal.
'When shouting things at a door bell it's a little bit easy to say things, due to the remoteness of it and not shouting in someone's face. Looking in a doorbell just seems different.'
Hughes was told she would also have to complete 20 days of rehabilitation activity and pay £234 in costs and a victim surcharge
Sentencing Hughes, chairman of the bench Alan Davies said she would also have to complete 20 days of rehabilitation activity and pay £234 in costs and a victim surcharge.
He told her: 'You are not used to being before the courts. However, this matter is a serious matter, and your behaviour had a really serious effect on your victim.
'She speaks of it affecting her mental health, of being on edge, and impacting on her work. These are serious effects. We must at all times consider the victim in this case.
'We've also listened to what's going on in your life. We read some reports about some of the complexities going on there and have taken a note of this. But these things always have victims, and we are concerned about your victim.'
'We have given you an opportunity to walk away today, I doubt very much that you will be given that opportunity again.'
Nicaragua's humane response to COVID-19 crisis – Workers World
Governor Lamont Receives Omicron Bivalent COVID-19 Booster and Flu Shot, Encourages Connecticut Residents To Get the Added Protection as Winter Approaches – CT.gov
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text:
Q: Who owns a value without a let binding? Consider the following code:
struct MyStruct {
    not_copyable: NotCopyable
}

struct NotCopyable;

fn main() {
    let foo = MyStruct { not_copyable: NotCopyable };
    foo.not_copyable;
    foo.not_copyable;

    // just found out the simpler "foo; foo;" will create the same problem
}

This fails to compile with
src/main.rs:17:5: 17:21 error: use of moved value: `foo.not_copyable` [E0382]
src/main.rs:17     foo.not_copyable;
                   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
src/main.rs:16:5: 16:21 note: `foo.not_copyable` moved here because it has type `NotCopyable`, which is non-copyable
src/main.rs:16     foo.not_copyable;
                   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
error: aborting due to previous error

While I'm still not very versed in the ownership system, I think I get why you couldn't create two let bindings to foo.not_copyable. But in this case there is no binding. So who owns not_copyable here; where did it move?

A:
So who owns `not_copyable here; where did it move?

No one.  The expression foo.not_copyable has to pull the value out of the structure, because that value is the result of the expression.  That you don't do anything with the value is beside the point; you asked for the value, it gave you the value.
It's possible the compiler might be able to optimise this out under certain circumstances, but without that, it's going to move the value like you asked it to.
And yes, foo;foo; will do the same thing: just as NotCopyable is not copyable, neither is MyString.

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Addiction is a complicated and dangerous disease in itself, unfortunately, it almost always comes hand in hand with psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety. Dealing with these disorders, combined with trying to address and treat addiction, can be a very difficult struggle. There are, however, treatment methods designed specifically for these situations. Dual diagnosis treatment for addiction systematically addresses the substance abuse problem and the psychological disorders associated with it.
The use of dual diagnosis treatment for addiction is a specialized field because addiction and mental or psychological disorders have their own unique list of symptoms. One must be adept with both facets in order to provide the best possible treatment. Addiction, by itself, is a very inconsistent disease; combined with the unpredictability of psychological disorders, the challenges become two-fold and treatment methods will have to be modified to adapt to the situation. Regardless of which came first, whether it was the addiction or the psychological disorder, successful treatment relies on the treatment of both diseases.
Another factor that complicates the problem of dual diagnosis treatment for addiction is that one affects the other, and this requires the therapist to be flexible in his or her treatment approach so as not to exacerbate the problem. A relapse is what most treatment and rehabilitation centers try to avoid at all costs, but there is no need to lose hope if and when this occurs. In dual diagnosis treatment, relapses are common and, therefore, easily addressed. It is also helpful for addicts undergoing treatment to join peer support groups because this will help them see addiction from the outside, looking in. Sharing experiences with fellow addicts will also be a learning experience and will help an addict develop healthy relationships.
Co-occurring disorders take time to treat and there have been a significant number of individuals who have recovered through the help of dual diagnosis treatment for addiction. All addicts have a chance to recover. All that is required is the will and dedication to get better and remain sober for good.


oil pulling | What's Green with Betsy?!?
Have you discovered the wonders of coconut oil? For years, we've been told that coconut oil is bad for you, but the reality is coconut oil has just the right kinds of fats, the same medium-chain fatty acids found in mother's milk and essential to optimum health and disease prevention. Coconut oil is in fact a miracle oil and one of the earliest oils used as a food and as a pharmaceutical. People who live in tropical climates with a coconut-based diet have fewer incidences of heart disease, cancer, digestive complaints and prostate problems.
Coconut oil is known to reduce blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart disease. It stimulates metabolism so that you burn more calories (we all love that) and may promote lower cholesterol. Coconut oil is a concentrated source of medium-chain fatty acids. Research has shown that these fatty acids may help prevent and treat a wide variety of diseases too numerous to list here. Recent studies are showing its effectiveness in treating Alzheimer's disease.
Coconut oil applied to the skin and hair absorbs quickly and not only adds luster and shine, but helps with dandruff, blemishes and other skin ailments. It's the only moisturizer you need and a must try for winter's dry, chapped skin! It is also anti-microbial and a natural germ fighter. Coconut oil is also used for oil pulling, an age-old remedy started in India thousands of years ago that uses oil to clean, detoxify, and nourish teeth and gums; it also whitens teeth.
I keep one jar of coconut oil in the kitchen for cooking and one jar in my bathroom for use as a moisturizer. As with olive oil, make sure you buy extra virgin, expeller pressed. You can purchase coconut oil, coconut milk and coconut water from Whole Foods, Trader Joes or natural food stores.
As you can tell, coconut oil is an extremely diversified and amazing product. I highly recommend replacing some of the fats you eat now with coconut oil.
Information compiled from The Coconut Oil Miracle byBruce Fife, C.N., N.D. This easy-to-read and informative book explains very succinctly the benefits of coconut oil and is worth the read. It also includes lots of delicious sounding recipes using coconut oil.


Fully autonomous movement gives you the flexibility to move a robot anywhere in your facility as long as your facility has clear travel paths with no stairs or abrupt elevation changes. Depending on the speed of operation of the robot you may need to develop a way to stabilize the robot. Your robot will be out of service when the AGV needs to recharge.


text:
Marie Anne Françoise Barbe MARTIN
(Abt 1746-)
Jean Baptiste François YVES
Marie Anne MORAIN
Pierre Augustin PRAY
Marie Barbe YVES
Louise Sophie PRAY
1. Pierre Frédéric BIGNON
Pierre Frédéric BIGNON (d.y.)
Pierre Dominique BIGNON
Frédéric Jules BIGNON+
2. Louis Edouard HARRE
Rose Rosalie HARRE+
Born: 31 May 1823, Vatteville-La-Rue, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France
Married (1): 6 Oct 1842, Vatteville-La-Rue, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France
Married (2): 31 Dec 1846, Vatteville-La-Rue, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France
Died: 11 Feb 1890, Vatteville-La-Rue, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France
Louise married Pierre Frédéric BIGNON, son of Jean Baptiste BIGNON and Marie Rose DUCHEMIN, on 6 Oct 1842 in Vatteville-La-Rue, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France. (Pierre Frédéric BIGNON was born on 24 Mar 1816 in Guerbaville, La-Mailleraye-sur-Seine, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France and died on 26 Mar 1845 in Vatteville-La-Rue, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France.)
Marriage Notes:
(Source: Claudine Maillard, GeneaNet)
Louise also married Louis Edouard HARRE, son of Pierre Michel HARRE and Marguerite VIEL, on 31 Dec 1846 in Vatteville-La-Rue, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France. (Louis Edouard HARRE was born on 16 May 1822 in Sainte-Croix sur Aizier, Eure, Haute-Normandie, France.)