text:
"Twelve Tribes" redirects here. For other uses, see The Twelve Tribes (disambiguation). "B'nai Israel" redirects here. For synagogues of that name, see Congregation B'nai Israel (disambiguation). For other uses, see Israelites (disambiguation)
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A reconstructed Israelite house, Monarchy period, 10th–7th BCE. Eretz Israel Museum, Tel Aviv, Israel
Mosaic of the 12 Tribes of Israel. From a synagogue wall in Jerusalem.
According to the Bible the Israelites were a Hebrew-speaking people of the Ancient Near East who inhabited the Land of Canaan (the modern day Israel, western Jordan, southern Lebanon and Palestinian Territories) during the monarchic period (11th to 7th centuries BCE).
The word "Israelite" derives from the Biblical Hebrew ישראל (Standard: Yisraʾel; Tiberian: Yiśrāʾēl; ISO 259-3: Yiśraˀel). The ethnonym is attested as early as the 13th century BCE in an Egyptian inscription. The Hebrew Bible etymologizes the name as from yisra "to prevail over" or "to struggle/wrestle with", and el, "God, the divine".[1][2] The eponymous biblical patriarch of the Israelites is Jacob, who wrestled with a "man" who was not expressly called an angel of God, but who gave him a blessing from God, and renamed him "Israel" because he had "power with God". (Genesis 32:24-32)
The biblical term "Israelites" (or the Twelve Tribes or Children of Israel) means both a people (the descendants of the patriarch Jacob/Israel, and the historical population of the kingdom of Israel), and followers of the God of Israel and Mosaic law.[3] In Modern Hebrew usage, an Israelite is, broadly speaking, a lay member of the Jewish faith, as opposed to the priestly orders of Kohanim and Levites.
The name Hebrews is sometimes used synonymously with "Israelites". For the post-exilic period, beginning in the 5th century BCE, the remnants of the Israelites came to be referred to as Jews, named for the kingdom of Judah. This change is explicit in the Book of Esther (4th century BCE).[4] It replaced the title children of Israel.[5]
Although most literary references to them are located in the Hebrew Bible, there is also abundant non-biblical archaeological and historical evidence of ancient Israel and Judah.
1 Terminology
2 Biblical Israelites
3 Tribes and peoples
4 Hasmonean conversions
5 "Israelites" in modern Judaism
6 Modern groups descendant from the Israelites
6.1 Jews
6.1.1 Ashkenazi Jews
6.1.2 Sephardic Jews
6.1.3 Mizrachi Jews
6.1.4 Yemenite Jews
6.1.5 Karaite Jews
6.2 Anusim
6.3 Samaritans
6.4 Palestinians
7 Historical Israelites
9 References and notes
See also: Hebrews and Who is a Jew?
Israel was the name given to the biblical patriarch Jacob after wrestling with an angel on the shores of the Jabbok, prior to a meeting with his brother Esau. Jacob had an intense rivalry with Esau, and this confrontation with the angel bears special significance in the story of the Israelites.[1][2] Throughout the rest of the Torah, Jacob is referred to at times as both Jacob and Israel, depending on which aspect of his character the text means to convey.
In modern Hebrew, B'nei Yisrael ("Children of Israel") can denote the Jewish people at any time in history; it is typically used to emphasize Jewish religious identity. From the period of the Mishna (but probably used before that period) the term Yisrael ("an Israel") acquired an additional narrower meaning of Jews of legitimate birth other than Levites and Aaronite priests (kohanim). In modern Hebrew this contrasts with the term Yisraeli, a citizen of the modern State of Israel, regardless of religion or ethnicity (English "Israeli").
The term Jew historically refers to a member of the tribe of Judah, which formed the nucleus of the kingdom of Judah. The term Hebrew, perhaps related to the name of the Habiru nomads, has Eber as an eponymous biblical patriarch. It is used synonymously with "Israelites", or as an ethnolinguistic term of the historical speakers of the Hebrew language in general.
Biblical Israelites
Tribes of Israel
Tribal allotments
Ten Lost Tribes
Map of the twelve tribes of Israel
The following is a summary of pages 18-20 of Stephen L. Wylen's "The Jews in the Time of Jesus: An Introduction"[6]
Pentateuch
The Torah traces the Israelites to the patriarch Jacob, grandson of Abraham, who was renamed Israel after a mysterious incident in which he wrestles all night with an angel. Jacob's twelve sons (in order), Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph and Benjamin, become the ancestors of twelve tribes, with the exception of Joseph, whose two sons Mannasseh and Ephraim become tribal eponyms.
Jacob and his sons are forced by famine to go down into Egypt. When they arrive they and their families are 70 in number, but within four generations they have increased to 600,000 men of fighting age, and the Pharaoh of Egypt, alarmed, first enslaves them and then orders the death of all male Hebrew children. The God of Israel reveals his name to Moses, a Hebrew of the line of Levi; Moses leads the Israelites out of bondage and into the desert, where God gives them their laws and the Israelites agree to become his people. Nevertheless, the Israelites lack complete faith in God, and the generation which left Egypt is not permitted to enter the Promised Land.
Former Prophets
Following the death of the generation of Moses a new generation, led by Joshua, enters Canaan and takes possession of the land in accordance with the curse placed upon Canaan by Noah. Yet even now the Israelites lack strength in God in the face of the peoples of the land, and periods of weakness and backsliding alternate with periods of resilience under a succession of Judges. Eventually the Israelites ask for a king, and God gives them Saul. David, the youngest (divinely favoured) son of Jesse of Bethlehem would succeed Saul. Under David the Israelites establish the kingdom of God, and under David's son Solomon they build the Temple where God takes his earthly dwelling among them. Yet Solomon sins by allowing his foreign wives to worship their own gods, and so on his death the kingdom is divided in two.
The kings of the northern kingdom of Israel are uniformly bad, permitting the worship of other gods and failing to enforce the worship of God alone, and so God eventually allows them to be conquered and dispersed among the peoples of the earth; in their place strangers settle the northern land. In Judah some kings are good and enforce the worship of God alone, but many are bad and permit other gods, even in the Temple itself, and at length God allows the Judah to fall to her enemies, the people taken into captivity in Babylon, the land left empty and desolate, and the Temple itself destroyed.
Ezra-Nehemiah-Chronicles
Yet despite these events God does not forget his people, but sends Cyrus, king of Persia as his messiah to deliver them from bondage. The Israelites are allowed to return to Judah and Benjamin, the Temple is rebuilt, the priestly orders restored, and the service of sacrifice resumed. Through the offices of the sage Ezra Israel is constituted as a holy community, holding itself apart from all other peoples, bound by the Law.
Tribes and peoples
Although most traditional interpretations of Jewish history view the Israelites as the ancestors of both the Kingdom of Israel and that of Judah, which arose only after David's rule, and Hebrews as an alternative name for them, the text makes a distinction between groups labeled Hebrews, Judahites, and Israelites. Israelites consistently refers to Saul's forces. It also is used to refer to the supporters of the rebellions against David's reign, in contrast to his supporters. Judahites consistently refers to David's supporters during the rebellions against his rule, in contrast to the rebels. Hebrews is consistently used to designate a group distinct from both Israelites and Judahites, and who sometimes take the side of the Philistines against Israel and Judah. It is weakly associated with Jonathan initially, and then more strongly with David's band of outlaws. However, this labeling appears to be only for convenient grouping, since there are several textual examples that clarify that the Hebrews are of the same people as the Israelites: I Samuel 13:3-4, I Samuel 13:19-20, and I Samuel 14:11-12.
Hasmonean conversions
After the Persian conquest of Babylon in 539 Judah (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה Yehuda) remained a province of the Persian empire. This continued into the following Hellenistic period, when Yehud was a province sometimes of Ptolemaic Egypt and sometimes of Seleucid Syria, but in the early part of the 2nd century BCE a revolt against the Seleucids led to the establishment of an independent Jewish kingdom under the Hasmonean dynasty. The Hasmoneans adopted a deliberate policy of imitating and reconstituting the Davidic kingdom, and as part of this forcibly converted to Judaism their neighbours in the Land of Israel. The new Israelites included Nabatean groups such as the Zabadeans and Itureans, the peoples of the former Philistine cities, the people of Galilee, and the Moabites, Ammonites and Edomites.
"Israelites" in modern Judaism
In the Hellenistic and early Roman periods (i.e., around the time of Christ), and despite the exclusivism championed by the Book of Ezra, Judaism became a proselytising religion. As proselytised (and conquered) groups were assimilated into the Israelite lineage the old tribal divisions fell into disuse, and the major divisions within Judaism thus became:
Kohanim (descended from the lineage of Aaron, the first High Priest in the time of Moses)
Levites (other descendants of Levi)
This threefold division of the Jewish people persists to this day. To avoid confusion with the broader use of the term Israelite or the modern term Israeli, a member of the Israelite, as opposed to Levite or Aaronite, lineage is usually referred to as a Yisrael (an Israel) and not a Yisraeli (which could mean Israelite in the broader sense or in modern Hebrew, an Israeli).
Modern groups descendant from the Israelites
Jews (Hebrew: יְהוּדִים, Yehudim), also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. Converts to Judaism have been absorbed into the Jewish people throughout the millennia. There are distinct ethnic divisions among Jews, most of which are primarily the result of geographic branching from an originating Israelite population, and subsequent independent evolutions. According to the Books of Chronicles chapter 9 line 2, the Jews who took part in The Return to Zion (whom modern Jews are originated from) are stated to be from the Tribe of Judah (alongside the Tribe of Simeon that were absorbed into it), the Tribe of Benjamin, the Tribe of Levi (Levites and Priests) and also from the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh (which some biblical scholars consider to be a referring name describing the remaining population of the Northern Kingdom of Israel from all ten tribes who were not exiled during the ten tribes exile; they had stayed to live in their homes and later joined the Israelites of the Kingdom of Judah at the time of King Hezekiah, and formed the Jews of the Babylonian Exile era).
Ashkenazi Jews
Ashkenaz is the Hebrew word for "Germany". There are several populations which have lived in Germany at some point in the past 1,000 years and fall under the umbrella term for the group. There is evidence that Jews had settled in Germany since the Roman Era; they were probably merchants who followed the Roman Legions during their conquests. Some Ashkenazi Jews are the descendants of Jews who migrated into northern France and Germany around 800–1000 CE, and were later sent into Eastern Europe. Many Ashkenazic Jews are also Sephardic in origin as a result of diaspora from the Spanish Inquisition. In this sense "Ashkenazi" refers to religious practice, appropriated over time, rather than to a strict ethno-geographic division.
Arthur Koestler claimed in his book "The Thirteenth Tribe" (1976) that Ashkenazi Jews are descendants of central European Khazars who converted into Judaism during the 8th century. Koestler argued that by proving Ashkenazi Jews to have no connection with the biblical Jews, European anti-Semitism would lose all basis. In 2006, a study by Doron Behar and Karl Skorecki of the Technion and Ramban Medical Center in Haifa, Israel demonstrated that: 1) the vast majority of Ashkenazi Jews have some Middle Eastern ancestry;[7] 2) Ashkenazi Jews share a common ancestry with other Jewish groups of European origin;[8] and 3) only 5%-8% of the European Ashkenazi Jews (according to recent studies) were found to have originated in non-Jewish European populations.[9] Dr. David Goldstein, a Duke University geneticist and and director of the Duke Center for Human Genome Variation, has noted that the Technion and Ramban team confirmed that genetic drift played a major role in shaping Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA, therefore mtDNA studies fail to draw a statistically significant linkage between modern Jews and Middle Eastern populations, however, this differs from the patrilineal case, where Dr. Goldstein said there is no question of a Middle Eastern origin.[7]
Sephardic Jews
Sephardim are Jews whose ancestors lived in Spain or Portugal, where they lived for possibly as much as two millennia before being expelled in 1492 by the Catholic Monarchs (see Alhambra decree); they subsequently migrated to North Africa Maghreb and Ottoman Empire (both at the time considered safe havens for Jews). In the Ottoman Empire the Sephardim mostly settled in the European portion of the Empire, and mainly in the major cities such as: Istanbul, Selânik and Bursa. Selânik, which is today known as Thessaloniki and found in modern-day Greece, had a large and flourishing Sephardic community as was the community of Maltese Jews in Malta. Others settled in Italy, the Netherlands and Latin America. A large population of Sephardic refugees who fled via the Netherlands as Marranos eventually settled in Hamburg and Altona Germany in the early 16th century, eventually appropriating Ashkenazic Jewish rituals into their religious practice (see above). One famous figure from the Sephardic Ashkenazic population is Glückel of Hameln. Others among those who settled in the Netherlands, were some who would again relocate to the United States, establishing the country's first organized community of Jews and erecting the United States' first synagogue. Other Sephardim remained in Spain and Portugal as anusim (forced converts to Catholicism), which would also be the fate for those who had migrated to Spanish and Portuguese ruled Latin America.
Mizrachi Jews
Mizrahim are Jews descended from the Jewish communities of the Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia and the Caucasus. The term Mizrahi is used in Israel in the language of politics, media and some social scientists for Jews from the Arab world and adjacent, primarily Muslim-majority countries. This includes Iraqi Jews, Syrian Jews, Lebanese Jews, Maghreb Jews , Yemenite Jews, Persian Jews, Afghan Jews, Bukharian Jews, Kurdish Jews, Mountain Jews, Georgian Jews and Ethiopian Jews.
Temanim are Jews living in Yemen whose geographic and social isolation from the rest of the Jewish community allowed them to develop a liturgy and set of practices that are significantly distinct from those of other Oriental Jewish groups; they themselves comprise three distinctly different groups, though the distinction is one of religious law and liturgy rather than of ethnicity.
Karaite Jews
Karaim are Jews living mostly in Egypt, Iraq, Crimea and Israel. They are distinguished by the form of Judaism they observe. Rabbinic Jews of varying ethnicities have affiliated with the Karaite community throughout the millennia. As such, Karaite Jews are less a Jewish ethnic division, than they are members of a particular branch of Judaism. Karaite Judaism recognizes the Tanakh as the single religious authority of the Jewish people. Linguistic principles and contextual exegesis are used in arriving at the correct meaning of the Torah. Karaite Jews strive to adhere to the plain or most obvious understanding of the text when interpreting the Tanakh. By contrast, Rabbinical Judaism regards an Oral Law (codified and recorded in the Mishnah and Talmuds) as being equally binding on Jews, and mandated by God. In Rabbinical Judaism, the Oral Law forms the basis of religion, morality, and Jewish life. Karaite Jews rely on the use of sound reasoning and the application of linguistic tools to determine the correct meaning of the Tanakh; while Rabbinical Judaism looks toward the Oral law codified in the Talmud, to provide the Jewish community with an accurate understanding of the Hebrew Scriptures.
There are approximately 50,000 adherents of Karaite Judaism, most of whom live in Israel, but exact numbers are not known, as most Karaites have not participated in any religious censuses. The differences between Karaite and Rabbinic Judaism go back more than a thousand years. Rabbinical Judaism originates from the Pharisees of the Second Temple period. Karaite Judaism may have its origins in the Sadducees of the same era. Unlike the Sadducees who recognized only the Torah as binding, Karaite Jews hold the entire Hebrew Bible to be a religious authority. As such, the vast majority of Karaites believe in the resurrection of the dead.[10] Karaite Jews are widely regarded as being halachically Jewish by the Orthodox Rabbinate. Similarly, members of the rabbinic community are considered to be Jews by the Moetzet Hakhamim, if they are patrilineally Jewish.[citation needed]
Anusim
During the Jewish diaspora, Jews who lived in Christian Europe were usually attacked by the local population and were portrayed by many Anti-semites motives, many of them were forced to convert to Christianity by the local population or by the religious leadership, and were called by Jews: "Anusim" ('forced-ones'), they continued practicing Judaism in secret, while living outside as ordinary Christians. The most known case of "Anusim" was the one of the Jews of Spain and Jews of Portugal (although "Anusim" were also in other European countries). On the Muslim countries, many Jews were forced to convert to Islam by force over the years since the rise of the Islamic religion, and the most known case of those conversion was the case of Mashhad Jews, that lived as ordinary Muslims in Persia but kept practicing Judaism, and eventually made an Aliyah and returned being Jewish in Israel. Many Anusim's descendants left Judaism over the years. On December 2008, genetic test showed that 19.8% of the Iberian Peninsula are originated from the Anusim.[11]
The Samaritans, who were once a comparatively large group but are now a very small ethnic and religious group of not more than about 700 people[12] who live in Israel and the West Bank, regard themselves as descendants of the tribes of Ephraim (named by them as Aphrime) and Manasseh (named by them as Manatch). Samaritans adhere to a version of the Torah, known as the Samaritan Pentateuch, which differs in some respects from the Masoretic text, sometimes in important ways, and less so from the Septuagint.
Samaritans do not regard the Tanakh as an accurate or truthful history, and regard only Moses as a prophet. They have their own version of Hebrew and their own script for writing Hebrew, which, is descended directly from the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, unlike the Jewish script for writing Hebrew which is a stylized form of the Aramaic alphabet the Jews adopted during their captivity in Babylonia.
The Samaritans consider themselves Bnei Yisrael ("Children of Israel" or "Israelites"), but do not regard themselves to be Yehudim (Jews). They view this term "Jews" as a designation for followers of Judaism, which they assert is a related but altered and amended religion brought back by the exiled Israelite returnees which is not the true religion of the ancient Israelites, which according to them, Samaritanism is.
Judaism regards the Samaritans as descendants of the northern tribesmen whom the Assyrians settled in the territory they conquered from the kingdom of Israel. Since one of those tribes was the Cutheans, this is the name used for the Samaritans in the Talmud. Both the Bible and external sources such as Josephus record intermarriage between Jews and Samaritans in the Hellenistic period.
Modern DNA evidence has proven both most of the world's Jews and the Samaritans have a common ancestral lineage to the Israelites, largely on the paternal lines in both cases. Maternally, both Jews and Samaritans have very low rates of intermarriage with local host (for Jews, local populations in their host diaspora regions)[13] or alien (for Samaritans, foreigners resettled in their midst in attempts by ruling foreign elites to obliterate national identities) populations.[14] Both populations' DNA results indicate the groups having had a high percentage of marriage within their respective communities; in contrast to a low percentage of interfaith marriages.
Many genetic surveys have proven that, at least paternally, most of the various Jewish ethnic divisions and the Palestinians – and in some cases other Levantines – are genetically closer to each other than the Palestinians or European Jews to non-Jewish Europeans.[15]
One DNA study by Nebel found genetic evidence in support of historical records that "part, or perhaps the majority" of Muslim Palestinians descend from "local inhabitants, mainly Christians and Jews, who had converted after the Islamic conquest in the seventh century AD".[16] They also found substantial genetic overlap between Muslim Palestinians and Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews, though with some significant differences that might be explainable by the geographical isolation of the Jews or by immigration of Arab tribes in the first millennium.[16]
Historical Israelites
The Merneptah stele (JE 31408), bearing the first record of the name Israel (Cairo Museum)
The name Israel first appears c. 1209 BCE, at the end of the Late Bronze Age and the very beginning of the period archaeologists and historians call Iron Age I, in an inscription of the Egyptian pharaoh Merneptah. The inscription is very brief and says simply: "Israel is laid waste and his seed is not". The hieroglyph accompanying the name "Israel" indicates that it refers to a people, most probably located in the highlands of Samaria.[17]
Over the next two hundred years (the period of Iron Age I) the number of highland villages increased from 25 to over 300[18] and the settled population doubled to 40,000.[19] There is general agreement that the majority of the population living in these villages was of Canaanite origin.[18] By the 10th century BCE a rudimentary state had emerged in the north-central highlands,[20] and in the 9th century this became a kingdom. The kingdom was sometimes called Israel by its neighbours, but more frequently it was known as the "House (or Land) of Omri."[21] Settlement in the southern highlands was minimal from the 12th through the 10th centuries, but a state began to emerge there in the 9th century,[22] and from 850 onwards a series of inscriptions are evidence of a kingdom which its neighbours refer to as the "House of David."[23]
Half Jewish
House of Israel (Ghana)
Israeli Jews
Israelis
Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
Noahides
Shavei Israel
Tribal allotments of Israel
Kaifeng Jews
^ a b Scherman, Rabbi Nosson (editor), The Chumash, The Artscroll Series, Mesorah Publications, LTD, 2006, pages 176–77
^ a b Kaplan, Aryeh, "Jewish Meditation", Schocken Books, New York, 1985, page 125
^ Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard (eds), Israelite, in "Mercer dictionary of the Bible", p.420
^ The people and the faith of the Bible by André Chouraqui, Univ of Massachusetts Press, 1975, p. 43 [1]
^ Settings of silver: an introduction to Judaism Stephen M. Wylen, Paulist Press, 2000, ISBN 0-8091-3960-X, p. 59
^ The Jews in the time of Jesus: an introduction page 18 Stephen M. Wylen, Paulist Press, 1996, 215 pages
^ a b Wade, Nicholas (January 14, 2006). "New Light on Origins of Ashkenazi in Europe". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/14/science/14gene.html.
^ Wade, Nicholas (June 9, 2010). "Studies Show Jews' Genetic Similarity". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/science/10jews.html?adxnnl=1&ref=homepage&src=me&adxnnlx=1276466486-+ZqzWCnAH+wZr3wU9gONXw.
^ http://www.jogg.info/11/coffman.htm
^ http://www.karaite-korner.org/karaite_faq.shtml
^ http://www.cell.com/AJHG/fulltext/S0002-9297(08)00592-2
^ as of 2006
^ "Y Chromosome Bears Witness to Story of the Jewish Diaspora". New York Times. May 9 2000. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D02E0D71338F93AA35756C0A9669C8B63.
^ Reconstruction of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and Other Israeli Populations From Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence VariationPDF (855 KB), Hum Mutat 24:248–260, 2004.
^ Nebel et al. 2000, Almut Nebel, Ariella Oppenheim, "High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews." Human Genetics 107(6) (December 2000): 630-641
^ a b Nebel et al., "High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews." Human Genetics Vol. 107, No. 6, (December 2000), pp. 630–641
^ Grabbe 2008, p.75
^ a b McNutt 1999, p. 47.
^ McNutt 1999, p. 70.
^ Joffe pp.440 ff.
^ Davies, 1992, pp.63-64.
^ Joffe p.448-9.
^ Joffe p.450.
Albertz, Rainer (1994) [Vanderhoek & Ruprecht 1992]. A History of Israelite Religion, Volume I: From the Beginnings to the End of the Monarchy. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664227197. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yvZUWbTftSgC&pg=RA1-PA145&lpg=RA1-PA145&dq=History+of+Israelite+Religion,+Volume+1++Albertz#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Albertz, Rainer (1994) [Vanderhoek & Ruprecht 1992]. A History of Israelite Religion, Volume II: From the Exile to the Maccabees. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664227203. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=exjyhvRy7YUC&dq=Albertz+a+history+of+israelite+religion&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Albertz, Rainer (2003a). Israel in Exile: The History and Literature of the Sixth Century B.C.E.. Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 9781589830554. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Xx9YzJq2B9wC&dq=Rainer+Albertz,+%22Israel+in+exile%22&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Albertz, Rainer; Becking, Bob, eds. (2003b). Yahwism After the Exile: Perspectives on Israelite Religion in the Persian Era. Koninklijke Van Gorcum. ISBN 9789023238805. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hwExATCqwvwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Yahwism+after+the+exile:+perspectives+on+Israelite+religion+in+the+Persian+era#v=onepage&q&f=false. Becking, Bob. "Law as Expression of Religion (Ezra 7–10)".
Amit, Yaira, et al., eds. (2006). Essays on Ancient Israel in its Near Eastern Context: A Tribute to Nadav Na'aman. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9781575061283. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Ku4OKVrEd4MC&pg=PA467&lpg=PA467&dq=Essays+on+Ancient+Israel+in+its+Near+Eastern+Context:+A+Tribute+to+Nadav+Na%27aman#v=onepage&q=Essays%20on%20Ancient%20Israel%20in%20its%20Near%20Eastern%20Context%3A%20A%20Tribute%20to%20Nadav%20Na%27aman&f=false. Davies, Philip R. "The Origin of Biblical Israel".
Avery-Peck, Alan, et al., eds. (2003). The Blackwell Companion to Judaism. Blackwell. ISBN 9781577180593. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=asYoIwz9z2UC&pg=PA230&lpg=PA230&dq=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+Judaism++By+Jacob+Neusner,+Alan+Avery-Peck#v=onepage&q=&f=false. Murphy, Frederick J. R. "Second Temple Judaism".
Barstad, Hans M. (2008). History and the Hebrew Bible. Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 9783161498091. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=zqJxkKy-cMMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Barstad+History+and+the+Hebrew+Bible:+studies+in+ancient+Israelite+and+ancient+Near#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Becking, Bob, ed. (2001). Only One God? Monotheism in Ancient Israel and the Veneration of the Goddess Asherah. Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 9781841271996. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=z72KmReV-bIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Only+One+God%3F+Monotheism+in+Ancient+Israel+and+the+Veneration+of+the+Goddess+Asherah#v=onepage&q&f=false. Dijkstra, Meindert. "El the God of Israel, Israel the People of YHWH: On the Origins of Ancient Israelite Yahwism". Dijkstra, Meindert. "I Have Blessed You by Yahweh of Samaria and His Asherah: Texts with Religious Elements from the Soil Archive of Ancient Israel".
Becking, Bob; Korpel, Marjo Christina Annette, eds. (1999). The Crisis of Israelite Religion: Transformation of Religious Tradition in Exilic and Post-Exilic Times. Brill. ISBN 9789004114968. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=lak_YWjCjDMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+crisis+of+Israelite+religion:+transformation+of+religious+tradition#v=onepage&q&f=false. Niehr, Herbert. Religio-Historical Aspects of the Early Post-Exilic Period.
Bedford, Peter Ross (2001). Temple Restoration in Early Achaemenid Judah. Brill. ISBN 9789004115095. http://books.google.com/?id=MOd320e710IC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Osarsiph#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Ben-Sasson, H.H. (1976). A History of the Jewish People. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674397312.
Blenkinsopp, Joseph (1988). Ezra-Nehemiah: A Commentary. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780664221867. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=3PvirfZkfvQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Ezra-Nehemiah:+A+Commentary++By+Joseph+Blenkinsopp#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Blenkinsopp, Joseph; Lipschits, Oded, eds. (2003). Judah and the Judeans in the Neo-Babylonian Period. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9781575060736. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=R65fhpcUFcgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Judah+and+the+Judeans+in+the+neo-Babylonian+period#v=onepage&q&f=false. Blenkinsopp, Joseph. "Bethel in the Neo-Babylonian Period". Lemaire, Andre. "Nabonidus in Arabia and Judea During the Neo-Babylonian Period".
Blenkinsopp, Joseph (2009). Judaism, the First Phase: The Place of Ezra and Nehemiah in the Origins of Judaism. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802864505. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=m1V1DeBS6P0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Judaism,+the+first+phase:+the+place+of+Ezra+and+Nehemiah#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Brett, Mark G. (2002). Ethnicity and the Bible. Brill. ISBN 9780391041264. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RfFRhC4FpZkC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=Finkelstein+haser-style+layout#v=onepage&q=Finkelstein%20haser-style%20layout&f=false. Edelman, Diana. "Ethnicity and Early Israel".
Bright, John (2000). A History of Israel. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664220686. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=0VG67yLs-LAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Bright+History+of+Israel#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Coogan, Michael D., ed. (1998). The Oxford History of the Biblical World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195139372. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=zFhvECwNQD0C&dq=The+Oxford+History+of+the+Biblical+World&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. Stager, Lawrence E. "Forging an Identity: The Emergence of Ancient Israel".
Coogan, Michael D. (2009). A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195332728. http://books.google.com/books?id=nlb1PQAACAAJ&dq=A+brief+introduction+to+the+old+testament+coogan.
Coote, Robert B.; Whitelam, Keith W. (1986). "The Emergence of Israel: Social Transformation and State Formation Following the Decline in Late Bronze Age Trade". Semeia (37): 107–47.
Davies, Philip R. (1992). In Search of Ancient Israel. Sheffield. ISBN 9781850757375. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pMcM8GGO_n8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Philip+Davies+In+search+of+Ancient+Israel#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
Davies, Philip R. (2009). "The Origin of Biblical Israel". Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 9 (47). http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/JHS/Articles/article_47.htm.
Day, John (2002). Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan. Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 9780826468307. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=y-gfwlltlRwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Yahweh+and+the+gods+and+goddesses+of+Canaan#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Dever, William (2001). What Did the Biblical Writers Know, and When Did They Know It?. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802821263. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6-VxwC5rQtwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=What+did+the+biblical+writers+know,+and+when+did+they+know+it#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Dever, William (2003). Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From?. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802809759. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=8WkbUkKeqcoC&dq=Who+were+the+early+Israelites,+and+where+did+they+come+from%3F&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
Dever, William (2005). Did God Have a Wife?: Archaeology and Folk Religion in Ancient Israel. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802828521. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6AOE9sxg3bMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Did+God+have+a+wife%3F:+archaeology+and+folk+religion+in+ancient+Israel#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Dunn, James D.G; Rogerson, John William, eds. (2003). Eerdmans commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837110. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA153&lpg=PA153&dq=John+W.+Rogerson+Deuteronomy#v=onepage&q=John%20W.%20Rogerson%20Deuteronomy&f=false. Rogerson, John William. "Deuteronomy".
Edelman, Diana, ed. (1995). The Triumph of Elohim: From Yahwisms to Judaisms. Kok Pharos. ISBN 9789039001240. http://books.google.com/?id=bua2dMa9fJ4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+crisis+of+Israelite+religion:+transformation+of+religious+tradition#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Finkelstein, Neil Asher; Silberman (2001). The Bible Unearthed. ISBN 9780743223386. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=lu6ywyJr0CMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Bible+Unearthed:+Archaeology%27s+New+Vision+of+Ancient+Israel#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Finkelstein, Israel; Mazar, Amihay; Schmidt, Brian B. (2007). The Quest for the Historical Israel. Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 9781589832770. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jpbngoKHg8gC&dq=The+quest+for+the+historical+Israel:&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false. Mazar, Amihay. "The Divided Monarchy: Comments on Some Archaeological Issues".
Gnuse, Robert Karl (1997). No Other Gods: Emergent Monotheism in Israel. Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 9781850756576. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=0Kf1ZwDifdAC&dq=Robert+Karl+Gnuse,+%22No+Other+Gods:+Emergent+Monotheism+in+Israel%22&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Golden, Jonathan Michael (2004a). Ancient Canaan and Israel: An Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195379853. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EResmS5wOnkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Ancient+Canaan+and+Israel:+An+Introduction++By+Jonathan+M+Golden#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Golden, Jonathan Michael (2004b). Ancient Canaan and Israel: New Perspectives. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781576078976. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yTMzJAKowyEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=Late+Bronze+collapse+in+Canaan#v=onepage&q=Late%20Bronze%20collapse%20in%20Canaan&f=false.
Goodison, Lucy; Morris, Christine (1998). Goddesses in Early Israelite Religion in Ancient Goddesses: The Myths and the Evidence. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 9789004104105. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=VSJWkrXfbLQC&dq=Family+religion+in+Babylonia,+Syria,+and+Israel&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Grabbe, Lester L. (2004). A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period. T&T Clark International. ISBN 9780567043528. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=VK2fEzruIn0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=A+history+of+the+Jews+and+Judaism+in+the+Second+Temple+Period#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Grabbe, Lester L., ed. (2008). Israel in Transition: From Late Bronze II to Iron IIa (c. 1250–850 B.C.E.). T&T Clark International. ISBN 9780567027269. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=tR0Qpz2zRogC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Israel+in+transition:+from+late+Bronze+II+to+Iron+IIa+%28c.+1250-850+B.C.E.%29#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Greifenhagen, F.V (2002). Egypt on the Pentateuch's ideological map. Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 9780826462114. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=DaVjGgPmmCsC&pg=PA269&dq=Formation+of+the+Pentateuch#v=onepage&q=Formation%20of%20the%20Pentateuch&f=false.
Joffe, Alexander H. (2006). The Rise of Secondary States in the Iron Age Levant. University of Arizona Press. http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:yEjgq10p2R8J:faculty.ksu.edu.sa/archaeology/Publications/The%2520Near%2520East/THE%2520RISE%2520OF%2520SECONDARY%2520STATES%2520IN%2520THE%2520IRON%2520AGE%2520LEVANT.pdf+The+rise+of+secondary+states+in+the+iron+age+levant&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShOFDyR0nZTkKYMxNV_Bx_-ZnxPxtcxPIqYaszJb9MLwTo87ghGRAIm3BVfoyLdnPoGusSIdYcU-Vb4bC0if-u6UVbcXqaH8lLnkpb1YxAlGuGUAbZns30JANGo2a4l8LwU1rGv&sig=AHIEtbSIm7oZkrq-cmEGQ9VcnnvfejrQSQ&pli=1.
Killebrew, Ann E. (2005). Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity: An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, and Early Israel, 1300–1100 B.C.E.. Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 9781589830974. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=VtAmmwapfVAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Biblical+peoples+and+ethnicity:+an+archaeological#v=onepage&q&f=false.
King, Philip J.; Stager, Lawrence E. (2001). Life in Biblical Israel. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 0664221483. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=OtOhypZz_pEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Life+in+biblical+Israel++By+Philip+J.+King,+Lawrence+E.+Stager#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Kuhrt, Amélie (1995). The Ancient Near East c. 3000–330 BC. Routledge. ISBN 9780415167635. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=V_sfMzRPTgoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Am%C3%A9lie+Kuhrt+The+ancient+Near+East#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Lemche, Niels Peter (1998). The Israelites in History and Tradition. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664227272. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=JIoY7PagAOAC&dq=lemche+the+israelites+in+history+and+tradition&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
Levy, Thomas E. (1998). The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Continuum International Publishing. ISBN 9780826469960. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=-etsKv-4V2oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+archaeology+of+society+in+the+Holy+Land++Thomas+E.+Levy#v=onepage&q&f=false. LaBianca, Øystein S.; Younker, Randall W. "The Kingdoms of Ammon, Moab and Edom: The Archaeology of Society in Late Bronze/Iron Age Transjordan (c. 1400–500 CE)".
Lipschits, Oded (2005). The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9781575060958. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=78nRWgb-rp8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Lipschitz,+Oded+fall+and+rise#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Lipschits, Oded, et al., eds. (2006). Judah and the Judeans in the Fourth Century B.C.E.. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9781575061306. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6NsxZRnxE70C&pg=PA75&lpg=PA75&dq=Lipschits+Yehud#v=onepage&q=Lipschits%20Yehud&f=false. Kottsieper, Ingo. "And They Did Not Care to Speak Yehudit". Lipschits, Oded; Vanderhooft, David. "Yehud Stamp Impressions in the Fourth Century B.C.E.".
Markoe, Glenn (2000). Phoenicians. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520226142. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=smPZ-ou74EwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Phoenicians++Glenn+Markoe#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Mays, James Luther, et al., eds. (1995). Old Testament Interpretation. T&T Clarke. ISBN 9780567292896. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Old+Testament+Interpretation+James+Luther+Mays,+David+L.+Petersen,+Kent+Harold+Richards#v=onepage&q&f=false. Miller, J. Maxwell. "The Middle East and Archaeology".
McNutt, Paula (1999). Reconstructing the Society of Ancient Israel. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664222659. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hd28MdGNyTYC&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&dq=Reconstructing+the+Society+of+Ancient+Israel++By+Paula+M.+McNutt#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
Merrill, Eugene H. (1995). "The Late Bronze/Early Iron Age Transition and the Emergence of Israel". Bibliotheca Sacra 152 (606): 145–62.
Middlemas, Jill Anne (2005). The Troubles of Templeless Judah. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199283866. http://books.google.com/?id=Jrpx-op_-XkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lester+grabbe+1995#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Miller, James Maxwell; Hayes, John Haralson (1986). A History of Ancient Israel and Judah. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 066421262X. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=uDijjc_D5P0C&dq=A+history+of+ancient+Israel+and+Judah++By+James+Maxwell+Miller,+John+Haralson+Hayes&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
Miller, Robert D. (2005). Chieftains of the Highland Clans: A History of Israel in the 12th and 11th Centuries B.C.. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802809889. http://books.google.com.kh/books?id=Gtm7NtK87poC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Chieftains+of+the+highland+clans#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
Nodet, Étienne (1999) [Editions du Cerf 1997]. A Search for the Origins of Judaism: From Joshua to the Mishnah. Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 9781850754459. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=rE49wYHz5YUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=A+search+for+the+origins+of+Judaism:+from+Joshua+to+the+Mishnah#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Pitkänen, Pekka (2004). "Ethnicity, Assimilation and the Israelite Settlement". Tyndale Bulletin 55 (2): 161–82. http://www.tyndalehouse.com/tynbul/library/TynBull_2004_55_2_01_Pitkanen_EthnicityIsraelSettlement.pdf.
Silberman, Neil Asher; Small, David B., eds. (1997). The Archaeology of Israel: Constructing the Past, Interpreting the Present. Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 9781850756507. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qX7r2lAQdFkC&pg=PA238&lpg=PA238&dq=hesse+wapnish#v=onepage&q=hesse%20wapnish&f=false. Hesse, Brian; Wapnish, Paula. "Can Pig Remains Be Used for Ethnic Diagnosis in the Ancient Near East?".
Smith, Mark S. (2001). Untold Stories: The Bible and Ugaritic Studies in the Twentieth Century. Hendrickson Publishers.
Smith, Mark S.; Miller, Patrick D. (2002) [Harper & Row 1990]. The Early History of God. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802839725. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=1yM3AuBh4AsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Smith+Early+History+of+God#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Soggin, Michael J. (1998). An Introduction to the History of Israel and Judah. Paideia. ISBN 9780334027881. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Dzw_H5GhkfYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=An+introduction+to+the+history+of+Israel+and+Judah++By+J.+Alberto+Soggin#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
Thompson, Thomas L. (1992). Early History of the Israelite People. Brill. ISBN 9789004094833. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=XqoMRPJca-wC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Early+history+of+the+Israelite+people:+from+the+written+and+archaeological+...++By+Thomas+L.+Thompson#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
Van der Toorn, Karel (1996). Family Religion in Babylonia, Syria, and Israel. Brill. ISBN 9789004104105. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=VSJWkrXfbLQC&dq=Family+religion+in+Babylonia,+Syria,+and+Israel&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; Van der Horst, Pieter Willem (1999). Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (2d ed.). Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 9789004111196. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Dictionary+of+Deities#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Vaughn, Andrew G.; Killebrew, Ann E., eds. (1992). Jerusalem in Bible and Archaeology: The First Temple Period. Sheffield. ISBN 9781589830660. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yYS4VEu08h4C&dq=Jerusalem+in+Bible+and+archaeology:+the+First+Temple+period++By+Andrew+G.+Vaughn,+Ann+E.+Killebrew&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false. Cahill, Jane M. "Jerusalem at the Time of the United Monarchy". Lehman, Gunnar. "The United Monarchy in the Countryside".
Wylen, Stephen M. (1996). The Jews in the Time of Jesus: An Introduction. Paulist Press. ISBN 9780809136100. http://books.google.com/?id=SHgiy-k_wsUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=An+introduction+to+early+Judaism++By+James+C.+VanderKam#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Zevit, Ziony (2001). The Religions of Ancient Israel: A Synthesis of Parallactic Approaches. Continuum. ISBN 9780826463395. http://books.google.com/?id=db4hr55j0yYC&pg=PA1&dq=The+religion+of+ancient+Israel++By+Patrick+D.+Miller#v=onepage&q&f=false.
v · d · eThe Biblical and Historical Israelites
Children of Israel / Twelve Tribes of Israel · Ten Lost Tribes
History of ancient Israel and Judah · Land of Israel ·
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Tanakh · Bible · Hebrew Bible · Old Testament · The Bible and history
v · d · eMajor articles in Jewish history
Timeline · Early history · The 12 Tribes of Israel · Schisms · Israel · Judah · Ten Lost Tribes · Babylonian exile · Hasmoneans and Greece · Sanhedrin · Jewish–Roman wars · Pharisees · Diaspora · Middle Ages · Under Muslim rule · Enlightenment/Haskalah · Israel
See also: WP:Jewish history
v · d · ePeople in the Quran
Aaron · Abel · Abraham · Abu Bakr · Abū Lahab · Adam · Amram · Anne · Asiya · Azar · Azrael · Believer of Ya-Sin · Benjamin · Cain · Caleb · David · Devil · Dhul-Kifl · Dhul-Qarnayn (Cyrus the Great, Alexander the Great) · Elijah · Elisha · Elizabeth · Eve · Ezra · Gabriel · Gog · Goliath · Haman · Harut · Hud · Idris · Isaac · Ishmael · Jacob · Jesus · Jethro · Joachim · Job · Jochebed · John the Baptist · Jonah · Joseph · Joshua · Khidr · King of Abraham's time · Korah · Lot · Luqman · Luqman's son · Maalik · Magog · Mary · Marut · Michael · Miriam · Moses · Muhammad · Noah · Pharaoh of Joseph's time · Pharaoh of the Exodus · Potiphar · Queen of Sheba · Saleh · Samiri · Samuel · Sarah · Saul · Shoaib · Solomon · Umm Jamil · Wicked man, Parable · Wondering man, Parable · Zachariah · Zaid · Zipporah · Zulaikha
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Lifeforms
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Note: Italics denote that the name of the figure is not mentioned in the Quran, but is taken from other sources of Islamic literature.
Semitic peoples
Ancient peoples
Ethnonyms
Israelites — • The word designates the descendants of the Patriarch Jacob, or Israel Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Israelites Israelites … Catholic encyclopedia
Israelites — «Israelites» de Desmond Dekker The Aces Lado B My Precious World (The Man) (Beverley s All Stars) Grabación Octubre de 1968 Género(s) Reggae, ska Duración … Wikipedia Español
Israëlites — Juifs Pour les articles homonymes, voir Juif (homonymie) … Wikipédia en Français
Israélites — Hébreux Les Hébreux (du latin Hebraei, du grec ancien Ἑϐραῖοι / Hebraioi, lui même issu de l hébreu עברי (Ivri)) sont un ancien peuple sémitique du Proche Orient dont les descendants sont aujourd hui appelés Juifs. Sommaire … Wikipédia en Français
Israelites — The Israelites war der erste weltweite Reggae Hit. 1968, in der Frühphase des Genres (Early Reggae), wird er vom Jamaikaner Desmond Dekker aufgenommen, der ihn gemeinsam mit dem Produzenten Leslie Kong auch geschrieben hat. Er erreicht 1969 Chart … Deutsch Wikipedia
Israelites — Is·ra·el·ite || ɪz'rɪəlaɪt n. member of the people of Israel, Hebrew, Jew adj. of Israel, of the people of Israel, Jewish … English contemporary dictionary
Israelites — noun the ethnic group claiming descent from Abraham and Isaac (especially from Isaac s son Jacob); the nation whom God chose to receive his revelation and with whom God chose to make a covenant (Exodus 19) • Syn: ↑Hebrews • Topics: ↑Old Testament … Useful english dictionary
Israelites (song) — Israelites is a song written by Desmond Dekker and Leslie Kong that became a hit for Dekker s group, Desmond Dekker The Aces. The song likens the plight of the poor working man to that of the ancient Hebrew slaves the Israelites. It was one of… … Wikipedia
Israelites (disambiguation) — Israelites may refer to:* Israelites, ancient hebrew people * Israelites (song), Desmond Dekker s song * The Israelites (band), christian ska band from Los Angeles … Wikipedia
African Hebrew Israelites — of Jerusalem Un petit groupe de African Hebrew Israelites, à Dimona (Israël), dans le Nord Neguev … Wikipédia en Français


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Home Sports Durant Athlete Pro-Baseball Bound
Durant Athlete Pro-Baseball Bound
A four letter letterman at Durant High School and coached by Cougars' Ron Fussell, Durant graduate Taed Moses was recently selected to play in the Hillsborough County All Star Game in Tropicana Stadium and earned Honorable Mention in the prestigious Wade Boggs Athletic Achievement Award. He is a proud member of Chet Lemon's Juice who last summer captured the Wood Bat World Series Champions in East Cobb, Atlanta and 2 AAU National Titles.
Moses will return to the Juice this summer to defend its titles before going to play for Coach Mike Nicholson at Seminole Community College, a decision he felt was a necessity in order to stay on the road to playing professional ball.
"I got into UF, academically. But after speaking with my parents, we decided I can go to college anytime, but I cannot always pursue my passion of playing baseball at the next level. Seminole has a very strong baseball program and will help me get stronger, bigger, and faster and be a better all around player, so I can reach my goal of playing D-1 Ball,"
Before baseball, Moses was good at playing soccer and played for a team that won a state title. But by the time he got to high school, made varsity as a freshman and became a member of the Bullets AAU travel baseball team, a decision had to be made.
Demonstrating his passion for baseball, Moses, who plans a pre-med major, recalls the outcome of a game he recently played at St. Petersburg's Tropicana Field Stadium. "Playing in that stadium was amazing. I went two for two, scored two runs and started two rallies that led to three runs in one and six runs in the other. We won 11-6. But the best part was playing in Tropicana Field with some of the best players in the area."
Moses will be missed by his coaches, fans and friends at Durant as he continues on his journey toward his goal of becoming a pro-baseball player.
For more information about high school sports, please visit www.fhsaa.org.
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Poll Shows Russians Skeptical of Govt.
· A new poll conducted by the Russian Public Opinion Foundation found that Russian citizens are very skeptical about promises made by the government, although they approve of most initiatives, reported Interfax. The Foundation questioned 1,500 Russians at the beginning of August.
Some 55 percent of respondents do not think the government will be able to collect taxes from debtor enterprises. The same number don't believe that the government will have paid back wages to servicemen by September 1, as promised, and 54 percent said wages arrears for state workers will not be repaid by the January 1 deadline.
Many of those polled were skeptical of the optimistic media reports about the Cabinet's performance. More than half (58 percent) doubt that the government has a clear program, and 67 percent do not think that the government will overcome the economic crisis. Two-thirds of respondents do not perceive the government as a unified team.
However, some 40 percent are ready to accept press reports that the government has become more open and is trying to establish a dialogue with the population. Another 51 percent of respondents were skeptical that the media was painting an accurate picture.
Wednesday. Before the appointment, Komissar headed the private Russian news agency Interfax.
· Russia's State Tax Service (STS) has started checking into major enterprises in the diamond and oil sectors, reported Prime-Tass today. Head of STS department for large enterprises Aleksandr Potyomkin told a briefing that special attention would be paid to those enterprises which extensively use tolling arrangements and have a wide range of mediator firms and offshore companies.
Potyomkin said that simultaneously information would be gathered on individuals owning those enterprises, whose overall taxes exceeded 100 million rubles. The State Tax Service is particularly concerned about offshore firms, a common loophole for tax evasion. Procedures are being developed to restrict their operations in Russia, he said.
Potyomkin's department was established in April 1996 at the initiative of the government and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and its task is to work with all major taxpayers whose overall tax deductions exceeded 100 billion rubles. Today, there are about 250 such enterprises.
Inspections of enterprises in the aluminum industry and firms that work in conjunction with the Russian arms export agency Rosvooruzheniye have already raised an additional 200 billion rubles for the budget, said Potyomkin.
· A US-Russia joint venture project, Murmansk Initiatives, will put into operation a liquid nuclear waste processing plant, being built in northern Russia, in March 1998, reported Interfax, citing Vyacheslav RUKSHI, the director of Russia's Atomflot repairs and transportation enterprise. All necessary documents for the $3.3 million project have been prepared and some of the equipment has been assembled, he said.
About $1 million will be spend on processing 5,000 cubic meters of radioactive waste at the new plant. The new plant will be unique in that it will be capable of processing salt solutions. The first stage of the dismantling of old nuclear submarines is the unloading of salt waste.
· US Amoco Corp. has named Charles J. PITMAN as chairman and president of its Amoco Eurasia Petroleum Co. unit, reported today's Wall Street Journal. The unit manages Amoco's operations in Russia, Azerbaijan, and Kazakhstan. PITMAN succeeds T. Don Stacy, who retired last month.
· Media-Most holding company president Vladimir Gusinsky said today that his company will purchase a stake in the Obshchaya Gazeta newspaper. "We have been invited to take part in the consortium of Obshchaya Gazeta and we decided to join it. I hope the project will be successful and profitable," Gusinsky told Ekho Moskvy radio, which is owned by Media-Most.
Gusinsky also wants Media-Most to take part in the tender for the sale of a stake in Russia's biggest film company Mosfilm, which is expected to take place next year, according to Prime-Tass. In addition, the company also plans to develop a network of movie theaters in Russia.
· The Bank of Moscow, which is majority-owned by the Moscow city government, has purchased a 20 percent stake in Russia's Troika-Dialog investment bank, reported the St. Petersburg Times this week. The move, which company officials described as a "key strategic alliance," will give Moscow a valuable position in one of Russia's first and most respected investment houses. Dialog bank will gain a big client and a powerful ally as a result of the deal.
Under the deal, Bank of Moscow president Andrei BORODIN will head Troika's board of directors. Officials did not reveal the price that Bank of Moscow paid for the shares, nor which of Troika's owners had sold the stake.
Last year, Euromoney magazine ranked Troika Dialog, founded in 1991, as the foremost Russian investment bank. Its client list includes oil conglomerate Lukoil, regional phone companies Tyumen Telecom and Nizhnosvyazinform, cigarette maker Philip Morris, and packaging giant Tetra Laval. Troika-Dialog's trade turnover in the first half of 1997 stood at $1.4 billion.
· Canada's YBM Magnex International, Inc. on Wednesday announced that it has recently negotiated a five-year supply contract with Russia's Volgodonekonomservis company to supply various magnetic applications, including magnetic filters, magnetic plugs, and other magnetic filtration devices, said Canada NewsWire. The contract is expected to generate sales of about $3 million in the first year and increase substantially each year thereafter after five years.
Volgodonekonomservis is a supplier to the Volzhsky Automobile Works (VAZ) in the Volga region, one of Russia's largest car manufacturers.
YBM's primary business is serving the growing global market for high-energy permanent magnets.
· Santa Fe, NM-based trading company Wildflower International seeks to provide American parts and supplies of all kinds to businesses in Russia and the CIS, said a company press release on Wednesday.
The company supplies electronics, mechanical products, building materials, and many more items to manufacturers, construction firms, utilities, road builders, railroads, and others. Wildflower is authorized distributor for over 2,000 US manufacturers, and offers financing to its customers.
Viktor SUSLOV told reporters on Wednesday that Ukraine would need to make painful decisions to overcome the current economic crisis. "The government has a lot of prepatory work to do to bring to life a package of measures, including unpopular ones, to get the economy in order and pull it out of crisis," Reuters quoted him as saying.
SUSLOV, formerly chairman of the parliamentary banking and finance committee, was appointed on July 25 in a major government shake-up.
"I would like to hope that there will be a very clear shift from economic romanticism to the politics of tough economic pragmatism in the work of this government," he said. SUSLOV said he favored "sensible protectionism," including vigilance on dumping goods in Ukraine and imposing duties where appropriate on imports to the country.
SUSLOV confirmed that the government plans to cancel subsidies on communal services, such as rents and utilities.
He also said that the government would begin bankruptcy proceedings against 30 large enterprises, which were deemed inefficient and obsolete, and owe large debts to the federal budget. "The aim is very simple—to launch bankruptcy cases in the arbitrage court, stop these businesses and sell them off. There is no way out. These are steps which should have been taken a long time ago."
· Abkhazian leader Vladislav ARDZHINBA and Russian Foreign Minister Yevgeny PRIMAKOV today arrived in Tblisi together to meet with Georgian President Eduard SHEVARDNADZE. PRIMAKOV was expected, as he was to prepare for a Moscow meeting between SHEVARDNADZE, ARDZHINBA, and Russian President Boris YELTSIN.
ARDZHINBA was apparently not expected. This is the first official visit of the Abkhaz leader to Georgia.
· A Belarus court in Grodno on Tuesday declined the appeal from Garri Pogonyailo, the lawyer of detained Russian television journalist Pavel Sheremet, to release him from custody, reported Itar-Tass. Sheremet, who is chief of the Belarussian bureau of Russian Public Television (ORT), and cameraman Dmitry Zavadsky were detained in Belarus three weeks ago on charges of illegally crossing the Belarus-Lithuania border. No date for the trial of the two men has been set.
On Wednesday, Sheremet began a hunger strike to protest his detention, Pogonyailo told a press conference in Minsk. He said that police have inventoried the property in the apartments of Sheremet and Zavadsky, which can be confiscated if they are found guilty of illegally crossing the border.
· Ukrainian Prime Minister Valery Pustovoitenko said Tuesday that the government's health policy priorities are stemming the population decline and improving the pharmaceuticals industry, reported Xinhua. In recent years, the average number of deaths each year in Ukraine, a country with a population of 51.3 million, has reached about 800,000, while the birth rate stands at 470,000 annually.
Pustovoitenko attributed the growing death and decreasing birth rates to low family income level caused by the poor financial situation in the country.
Noting that tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major killers threatening Ukrainians, Pustovoitenko also urged pharmaceutical plants to support the government's plan to prevent and control TB by making more effective drugs. The latest statistics show that one million Ukrainians are suffering from TB, a disease that killed 8,200 in 1996 alone.
rejected by SHEVARDNADZE as unacceptable, but the proposal presented by Georgia was deemed by Abkhazia to be an acceptable basis for negotiations. However, the two sides made little headway toward a settlement, and ARDZHINBA departs tomorrow.
Intercon sources in Georgia indicate that Tblisi does not see ARDZHINBA's visit as a serious attempt by either Abkhazia or Russia to seek peace. It is merely seen as an attempt by Moscow and Sukhumi to be actively working toward a resolution after their poor showing at the last peace negotiations in Geneva. Russia, in particular, is clearly feeling pressure from the US to do something.
This pressure stems from SHEVARDNADZE's recent trip to Washington, the visits of several US congressional delegations to Georgia this week, and from US Secretary of State Madeleine ALBRIGHT's talks with PRIMAKOV during the recent ASEAN meeting in Kuala Lumpur. ALBRIGHT reportedly told the Russian minister that Abkhazia will now become a permanent feature of the US-Russia agenda.
proposed that the US assume the role of guarantor of the independence of the former Soviet republics.
· Turkmenistan will announce the first international tender for the development of hydrocarbon resources in the Turkmen part of the Caspian Sea on September 1, reported Itar-Tass. President Saparmurat Niyazov said he would sign a decree today on procedures for the tender. The results of the tender will be available by January 1, and then talks on signing contracts with the winning bidders will begin.
The Turkmen government is expected to hold presentations for the tender in Vienna, London, Houston, and Ashgabat during September-November.


text:
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<title>OptionValues (MaltParser 1.8.1)</title>
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org.maltparser.core.options

Class OptionValues

java.lang.Object

org.maltparser.core.options.OptionValues

public class OptionValues
extends java.lang.Object

OptionValues contain a number of option containers, which contains the option values (the instance of
 options).

Since:

1.0

Author:

Johan Hall

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Constructor and Description

OptionValues()

Creates OptionValues.

Method Summary

Methods

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

protected boolean
addOptionValue(int containerType,
                            int containerIndex,
                            Option option,
                            java.lang.Object value)

Adds an option value to an option to one of the internal option container specified by the type.

int
getNumberOfOptionValues(int containerIndex)

Returns the number of option values for a particular option container.

java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>
getOptionContainerIndices()

Returns a sorted set of container names.

java.lang.Object
getOptionValue(int containerIndex,
                            Option option)

Returns the option value for an option that is in a specific option container.

java.lang.Object
getOptionValue(Option option)

Returns the option value for an option.

java.lang.String
getOptionValueString(int containerIndex,
                                        Option option)

Returns a string representation of the option value for an option that is in a specific option container.

java.lang.String
toString()

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail

OptionValues

public OptionValues()

Creates OptionValues.

Method Detail

getOptionValue

public java.lang.Object getOptionValue(int containerIndex,
                              Option option)
                                throws OptionException

Returns the option value for an option that is in a specific option container.

Parameters:

containerIndex - the index of the option container.

option - the option object

Returns:

an object that contains the value of the option, null if the option value could not be found.

Throws:

OptionException

getOptionValueString

public java.lang.String getOptionValueString(int containerIndex,
                                    Option option)
                                      throws OptionException

Returns a string representation of the option value for an option that is in a specific option container.

Parameters:

containerIndex - the index of the option container.

option - an option object

Returns:

a string representation of the option value for an option that is in a specific option container.

Throws:

OptionException

getOptionValue

public java.lang.Object getOptionValue(Option option)
                                throws OptionException

Returns the option value for an option.

Parameters:

option - an option object

Returns:

the option value for an option, null if the option value could not be found.

Throws:

OptionException

getNumberOfOptionValues

public int getNumberOfOptionValues(int containerIndex)

Returns the number of option values for a particular option container.

Parameters:

containerIndex - The index of the option container.

Returns:

the number of option values for a particular option container.

getOptionContainerIndices

public java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer> getOptionContainerIndices()

Returns a sorted set of container names.

Returns:

a sorted set of container names.

addOptionValue

protected boolean addOptionValue(int containerType,
                     int containerIndex,
                     Option option,
                     java.lang.Object value)
                          throws OptionException

Adds an option value to an option to one of the internal option container specified by the type.

Parameters:

containerType - the type of the option container.

containerIndex - the index of the option container.

option - an option to add

value - an option value to add

Returns:

true if the value is added, false if the value already is in use.

Throws:

OptionException

toString

public java.lang.String toString()

Overrides:

toString in class java.lang.Object

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Copyright 2007-2014 Johan Hall, Jens Nilsson and Joakim Nivre.

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Our latest fully illustrated catalogue offers over fifty original oil paintings, watercolours, drawings and etchings ranging from the 17th to 20th century. There are a wide range of subjects including landscapes, marines and portraits.
Prices range from £200 to £20,000.
Please contact us if you would like to receive a complimentary copy of the Spring Catalogue 2019.


text:
GovTech – Adventures and Observations in IAM: Contextual Access Control Demo at DHS
Demonstrating 'Contextual Access Control' at the 2017 DHS S&T Urban Operational Experimentation Event by Daemon Price
It's an interesting time to be in Government Technology. Join me here every few weeks where I'll share my observations on the latest technology happenings within the Beltway and across Government. We'll discuss the latest trends in Identity and Access Management, as well as some of the conferences and meetings I attend in my role as VP of Business Development and Sales at Resilient Network Systems.
Recently, I attended a fascinating demonstration of contextual access control technology for first responders in Brooklyn, New York. On January 24-26, 2017, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) held the Urban Operations Experimentation (OpEx) technology demonstration event at the New York City Emergency Management Center (NYCEM). The DHS S&T's National Urban Security Technology Laboratory (NUSTL) ran the event. NUSTL is a federal laboratory organized within the DHS S&T's First Responders Group that provides products and services to help first responders prepare, protect and respond to homeland security threats. The NUSTL OpEx event brought together a series of commercial technology vendors who had submitted proposals the previous year to have their technologies reviewed by first responders in New York. The winning vendors represented various capabilities that met specific first responder challenge areas identified by DHS.
Resilient Network Systems (RNS) teamed with Haystax and Honeycomb Networks to demonstrate a real-time threat intelligence evaluation, prioritization and automated routing capability that included policy-driven contextual access control of the system users and data, and which could deliver new EDXL data feeds for use. After Honeycomb reviewed EDXL protocol information, Haystax's Constellation™ analytics platform walked through a mock scenario where the NYCEM had to manage a visiting dignitary in New York whose carefully scheduled agenda is interrupted by unplanned demonstrations, traffic problems, police/fire activities, and foul weather that culminates in a tornado event.
As the scenario progressed, additional resources were needed onsite in various areas to report and respond to the shifting situation. Some of these resources were purpose-dispatched from the NYCEM and various first responder offices, while others were already in the field on other duties, and still others who were not on duty at all. RNS'sResilient Access™ system demonstrated how all of these users could be quickly provisioned into Constellation™ via their mobile devices, with each going through a unique policy-directed authentication workflow that delivered specific individualized access rights to each user. This enabled each user to receive the specific data, and access the specific systems they needed to perform the role assigned by the NYCEM, while still allowing the NYCEM to maintain the security and control critical for the success of their emergency management mission.
After presenting to the first responders at the OpEx event for the two planned hours, a Q&A session between the first responders and Resilient, Haystax and Honeycomb continued for another hour and a half. To DHS's satisfaction, the first responders walked away with a greater understanding of EDXL (Emergency Data Exchange Language) as a viable protocol for their use, of Constellation as a real-time threat intelligence core capability, and if the number/types of questions were any indication, with a new understanding and appreciation of just how powerful policy-driven contextual access control can be in support of their core missions.
Daemon Price is the VP of Business Development and Sales at Resilient Networks Systems. A Virginia Tech graduate, where he participated in the Corps of Cadets, Daemon held multiple postings within the Dept. of Agriculture and the Dept. of Commerce before taking his information security experience to the private sector where he worked for both small businesses like SoftMed Systems (creator of the original electronic health record) and Blackboard (education IT innovator) to prime contractors like CSC, SAIC and 3M. With government awards and billion dollar solicitation wins to his credit, Daemon continues as a passionate technology evangelist and can be seen often at events held by AFCEA, INSA, NDIA, AUSA, FCW and many others.
"By identity, we mean a specific set of attributes that, when paired with the right context, and policy evaluation engine, allows the user to connect and access only the company data and apps that they are supposed to have access to."
Context is indeed everything.
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A European Financial Services client of ours is looking for a Financial Analyst to assist them for a period of 6 to 9 months.
You will be tasked with financial reporting and analysis functions. You are required to do monthly forecast, liaise with internal stakeholders closely, support the business process by reviewing valuation and actuarial assumptions, looking at profitability and analyzing performance, as well as providing presentation to management.
You should have a degree in accounting and/or finance with a minimum of 5 years' experience in a similar capacity. You should have an analytical mindset, good presentation skills and project management skills and are a good team player. Knowledge of US GAAP will be advantageous. Strong interpersonal and communication skills will be required to be able to work with different stakeholders.
Please send your resume, in WORD format only and quote reference number Ref No SK10894523, by clicking the apply button. Please note that only short-listed candidates will be contacted.


If you love spaghetti squash, but don't love how long it takes to bake in the oven, you'll love how much faster it cooks in the Instant Pot! It doesn't get much easier than this.
You can cook spaghetti squash in the Instant Pot in just 7 minutes, plus the time it takes to come to pressure (which is usually an extra 10 minutes or so).
I feel like the Instant Pot isn't always a time-saver, but in this case, it totally is. It normally takes me 45-60 minutes to bake a spaghetti squash in the oven!
Now, I'm sure you could probably bake the spaghetti squash whole if you wanted to, but I much prefer to slice it in half first, so that it cooks faster and so I can scrape the seeds out easily. When you try to scoop the seeds out AFTER the squash is cooked, I feel like you lose too much of the good, cooked squash in the process.
I like to use a sharp knife to slice this hard squash in half lengthwise. Typically my knife gets "stuck" in the hard shell, so when that happens I'll lift the squash by the knife handle and then hit it on the cutting board, so that the knife will continue the cut through the shell. Once you get most of the shell cut, the rest of the shell can be split in half by pulling the halves apart with your hands.
Tip: For longer "spaghetti" strands, cut the shell the other way, crosswise.
What Does Spaghetti Squash Taste Like?
Spaghetti squash is a relatively bland vegetable, so it's mild flavor can go well with a number of seasonings and sauces. It's more hydrating and not as starchy as other winter squashes, like butternut or acorn, and it's also not as sweet in flavor. I prefer to pair it with savory seasonings, like in my Cheesy Spaghetti Squash Casserole or Spaghetti Squash Enchilada Boats.
When is Spaghetti Squash in Season?
Spaghetti squash is harvested in the Fall but it can last for months when stored in a cool place, so it's usually available from Fall through Winter, and sometimes into early Spring.
How Long Can You Store Spaghetti Squash?
You can store the uncooked squash for months in a cool location. After you cook the squash, I've kept it stored in the fridge for up to a week with good results! I find it's slightly more moist after storing it pre-cooked, but it can be a time-saver when making a casserole like the Spinach & Artichoke Casserole in No Excuses Detox, or the Cheesy Jalapeno Casserole in Everyday Detox.
Spaghetti squash can be a great side dish, or act as a pasta or shredded potato substitute. I hope you'll enjoy it more often now with this fast cooking method!
Can you cook a whole spaghetti squash in the Instant Pot?
Yes! Simply pierce the spaghetti squash with a knife to vent, and then place it on the trivet with a cup of water in the pot. Cook on high pressure for 15 minutes for a 3-pound squash. (If your squash is larger, I'd add 3 more minutes to the cook time.) Allow the pressure to naturally release for 10 minutes before manually turning the pressure release valve to venting, then use heat-proof oven mitts to remove the squash. You may want to let the squash cool slightly before slicing it in half and removing the seeds with a spoon.
INSTANT POT SPAGHETTI SQUASH is faster than cooking this low-carb squash in the oven. This 7-minute method turns out perfectly every time!
Slice the spaghetti squash in half and then scoop out the seeds in the center.
Place a trivet or steamer basket in the bottom of the Instant Pot and add a cup of water into the bottom. Arrange the cut squash halves on top of the trivet and secure the lid. Make sure the steam release valve in the lid is turned to the Sealing position.
Use the pressure cook or manual button to set the pressure cooker to cook at high pressure for 7 minutes. It will take roughly 8-10 minutes for the pot to build pressure before the cooking cycle begins, so make sure to consider that extra time when planning your meal.
When the floating valve in the lid drops, it's safe to remove the lid. Use a fork to check the squash to make sure it's cooked to your liking. I like my squash to be tender, but not mushy. If there is water collected in the center of your squash, drain it before serving.
To serve the squash, use the tines of a fork to separate the cooked strands into spaghetti-like pieces and remove them from the hard shell. Use the cooked squash in your favorite recipe and store leftovers in an airtight container in the fridge for up to a week.
If you'd prefer to cook a WHOLE spaghetti squash, without cutting it in half first, follow the directions above but cook at high pressure for 15 minutes. Let the pressure naturally release for 10 minutes, then move the steam release valve to venting and remove the lid when the floating valve drops.
If you don't have an Instant Pot, here's how to bake spaghetti squash in the oven.
As always, if you have additional cooking tips to share, please leave them in the comments below so we can all benefit from your experience.
Reader Feedback: What's your favorite way to serve spaghetti squash?
Love this recipe. Worked like a charm.
The "recipe card" section says cook for 7 minutes but your written article says cook for 15 minutes. Which is correct for a 3 pound squash?
When the squash is cut in half it cooks for 7 minutes. If you want to cook it whole, it cooks for 15 minutes. Hope that clarifies it for you!
Your recipes are always spot on! This Instant Pot recipe for spaghetti squash is is definitely the only way I'll be cooking this wonderful vegetable from now on. I ended up cutting the squash in quarters to fit better in my 6 qt IP. It cooked perfectly in 7 minutes. Thank you for showing us healthier ways to cook!
I tried. this for the first time in the instapot. One half was done, the other side…not so much. Did I do something wrong?
Hmm… that's unusual! Were the halves similar in size? I'd just put the under-done one back in the Instant Pot to cook for a few extra minutes until it matches the other side!
Tried this with a GIGANTIC squash (4.5 pounds) that we got in our CSA, whole, 18 minutes and it was so soft and squishy, I couldn't believe it! It did take a long time to get up to pressure but other than that, everything worked just as described in the recipe. All in all, I'm not sure I saved that much time than baking it (probably because this baby was so huge) but being able to throw it in whole definitely made it easier! And now I have oodles and oodles of spaghetti squash to last me through the week! THANK YOU!
I live and work in a standard size OTR semi truck. My instant pot is my best friend. THIS SQUASH was perfect! Thank you!
The cooking times in the lead in are different than the times in the recipe. I am confused. Help?
In the paragraph above the recipe I give you timing if you want to cook the spaghetti squash whole, which takes longer. I prefer to cut it in half so that it cooks faster, so that's the directions in the recipe card, but you have both options this way!
So glad you posted this, I wasn't sure if doing a spagetti squash in an Instant Pot was a good idea. It cooked up beautifully and what a great time saver for sure.
You dont do 10 min natural pressure release after the cooking time? Thought I read that somewhere in your article.
I just stumbled across your website and I'm in love! Can't wait to make all of your vegan recipes!!!
What size Insta pot do you have?
If you have to wait 10 minutes to open the pot, that's part of the cooking time. This takes 17 mi utes to cook.
The 10 minutes is waiting for the water to come to a boil– not after the cooking process, but yes, it is roughly 17 total minutes, which is why I mentioned the extra 10 minutes for people who might need to plan the timing. MUCH faster than baking it for an hour!
Oh dear lord woman get a life!


text:
A New Vertical Suburb to Hit Melbourne Streets
Designing an excellent residential high-rise requires a great deal of innovation, sustainability and a sense of community, much like what Cottee Parker Architects did with their $550-million 'vertical suburb' in Melbourne.
Comprised of four residential high-rise towers, a large podium, retail outlets and car parking, Upper West Side is one of Australia's greatest inner-city residential developments. Its contribution to sustainability has been recognised with a 4-star Green Star rating for each tower, while locations such as Tower 4's rooftop garden – the largest in the Southern Hemisphere – provide a gathering space for the community.
As the architect describes it, the sculptural presence of Upper West Side's towers is analogous to sentinels guarding the city's centre. They face and define Hoddle's grid of streets and step around the corner of Flinders and Lonsdale parading in full regalia. Like huge canvases, they stand rich with texture, imagery and visual movement that blur the line between built fabric and illusion – demarcating a new part of Melbourne town, a catalyst of urban regrowth.
What building methods were employed?
Traditional construction process incorporating in-situ concrete, precast concrete, steel and glazing. For planting and soil types, there were innovative methods used.
Who are the clients?
A development company that has been operating in Melbourne for decades – Far East Consortium (Australia). They are willing to challenge boundaries and be at the edge of innovation if they can prove a commercial opportunity.
What is unique about the project?
The project is unique for its size, its diversity, and its amenity; enabling it to be a catalyst for new urban residential growth and lifestyle opportunities.
What sustainable features does it have?
The precinct includes around 2,400 apartments in four high-rise towers and a large podium. There are 35 retail outlets at Ground Level and car parking for approximately 960 cars below ground and in the podium.
All four towers have achieved Green Star Design ratings from the GBCA. Towers 1 through 4 achieved a Green Star – Multi-Res V1 rating, with Tower 1 being awarded the first-ever 4-star Green Star.
Upper West Side was recognised for its innovative sustainable features such as:
Waste recycling chutes
The design of water-efficient indoor pools
Energy-efficient double glazing throughout
A podium green roof design, inclusive of a bouldering wall, barbeque, dining and garden areas
A grey water harvesting irrigation system to serve the large podium green roof
What were the solutions?
Excellent design, dynamic architectural resolution, lifestyle amenities, spatial properties that build community opportunities.
Whilst being marketed, Upper West Side was the fastest-selling residential precinct in Australia. People were drawn to the project for its size and the amenities & facilities it provides.
Key products used were as follows:
Curtain wall glazing of various tints and reflectivity
Coloured metal façade panels
Extensive landscaping
What was the project brief?
To maximise the yield on a complex site and to produce architecture that the marketplace would be excited about.
What were the key challenges encountered?
The site was complex in shape
The site included heritage buildings and components
The typical urban design challenges of street walls, fine grain scale of podiums, activation of street and podium faces, the placement and expression of prominent towers, the amenity created both privately and publicly – all critical components in a large development.
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The IsScrollableEntityList option on Entities allows for the quick creation of Entities which represent a scrollable list of other Entities. For example, this property could be used to create a list of high scores or a list of levels which the user can click on to select.
The IsScrollableEntityList property takes care of a lot of the hard work when creating a scrollable Entity list.
Select the .entz file and select OK. For more information on importing, see the Importing Entities tutorial here.
Glue will ask if you'd like to create a ButtonList instance. Click Yes.
In this case we're creating a simple List of integers to help keep the tutorial shorter. In an actual game you may use a list of scores, level information from a CSV, or any other list data that you'd like to display.
If you run the game you should see the list of buttons. This list is scrollable by clicking+dragging with the mouse or on the touch screen.
Scrollable Entity lists present a few properties which can control how the Entity list draws.
Entity Position Matters We mentioned above that the position of the first Entity in the list will be at ListTopBound (which is 256 in this case). However, the position is actually ListTopBound + Y. In other words, if you expose or tunnel in to the ButtonList's Y value, or if you modify the ButtonList's Y value in custom code, this will impact the position of the first Entity in the list – and as a result every Entity that follows. However, for simplicity this article assumes that the ButtonList is at Y = 0.
Try modifying the ListTopBound value. You will notice that the first item will appear lower on screen if you reduce the value.
The SpacingBetweenItems controls how Entities in the list are positioned relative to each other. In this case our SpacingBetweenItems value is 64. This means that each Entity is positioned 64 units from each Entity below and above. Increasing this value will increase how far apart they are (creating a gap between the Entities). Decreasing this value decreases how far apart the Entities are (which may cause them to overlap).
Why is Button "5" not removed? You may be looking at the list and wondering why button #5 is present. The reason for this is because the scrollable Entity list has no idea how large the Button is – the logic for creating and removing Entities does not work based off of size. Instead, it works based off of position. Therefore, an Entity is removed if its center is within the striped pink area.
Of course, you may be wondering why Button "5" isn't removed – it appears as if its position falls within the area. The reason is because its position is right on the border. Due to floating point inaccuracy, it's difficult to predict whether an Entity will be included or excluded when it falls right on the border. The important thing, however, is that you understand that once it moves into the area, it will be removed.
Although the scrollable Entity list functionality is very useful, the removal and addition of Entities may be a little jarring. Your game may instead want to use this with a display region – in other words, to have Entities disappear pixel by pixel as they move beyond a set area. The scrollable Entity list does not have functionality for this built in; however, scrollable Entity lists can be used in combination with Layers in Glue. Furthermore, the DestinationRectangle property on Layers can be set in Glue to implement masking without any code.


There is NOTHING more exciting than a new DCI Ryan book being released. LJ Ross has a 'Bypass the TBR pile' card up her sleeve as I, like many readers up and down the country, frantically finished the book I was reading to start this next instalment. I ignored the clock that would have told me it was way past my bedtime, if I could have torn my eyes away from the page to check the time. Instead I read on and greedily devoured every page as if I had suffered a reading famine.
The chilling prologue of Dark Skies takes us back to 1981 before Kielder Water, a large man-made lake existed, instead it was a small village surrounded by Kielder Forest. One of the teenage villagers, Duncan Gray, went camping with friends unaware that he would never return home. There was an investigation into his disappearance at the time but, when his mother receives a postcard apparently from Duncan, it is assumed that he is simply a runaway. His mother holds on to that thought as the alternative is too awful to imagine.
While Ryan has been on honeymoon, some things have changed in Northumbria CID with the arrival of DCS Jen Lucas. Jen is bitterly holding a massive grudge after Ryan ended their relationship several years ago; she is one nasty piece of work and she's playing the long game, but who will end up as collateral damage? When Jen starts manipulating certain people I was reminded of the rhyme: come into my parlour said the spider to the fly. This is a story we haven't heard the end of and it means we're guaranteed more DCI Ryan books - hurrah!
LJ Ross continues her love affair with the beautiful North East in this latest instalment of the DCI Ryan series. After each book, I find myself remarking that this latest book is my favourite...then another one comes along. So I think that this is absolute proof that each book is getting better and better, although every single one of them is brilliant but how do you improve on perfection? I don't know, but LJ Ross certainly seems to do it every single time!
I love the sprinkling of North East history in each book; some I knew, some I was shocked to find I didn't know and other things I had forgotten. I was reading Dark Skies and was amazed that there used to be a village beneath Kielder Water...then a few minutes later I thought, hang on...I knew that. LJ Ross is way better than a guide book and I don't think it will be long before visitors come to our region especially to see the places in the books. It really is as stunning and picturesque as LJ Ross paints it, and I used to take it for granted until I saw the area through her eyes.
They don't come any better than this - it's a well deserved 5 stars from me. I should have kept my review short as you could have been reading Dark Skies instead of reading about it. So here's my alternative review in 4 words: JUST GO BUY IT!