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Home > eRA system > eRA 2019 rollout updates
UCT is taking its research administrative processes online through the electronic Research Administration (eRA) programme which will standardise research processes at the university. This system will be rolled out in phased modules during the course of 2019.
See below for the latest updates from the eRA team.
eRA pre-awards to roll out in October (07 August 2019)
The electronic Research Administration (eRA) pre-awards module will be rolled out to all faculties – with the exception of Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) where it has already been rolled out – on the 1 October 2019.
This decision was made after consultation with faculties (including the Graduate School of Business), as the pre-awards application is a new process for researchers outside of FHS.
While many in our research community do see the need for and the benefits of this kind of tracking and risk mitigation tool for the pre-award stage of the research lifecycle, many have requested more time to prepare for this change in behaviour and to familiarise themselves with the system.
We have also had feedback from a pilot that took place at the Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and from the eRA pre-awards rollout in FHS on how the system can be improved and would like to implement this feedback before university-wide rollout to ensure optimum system functionality.
Between now and 1 October we will be working to identify and implement suitable pilots for the pre-awards module in each faculty to familiarise key role players with the system. At this stage we have identified the Global Challenges Research Fund Networking Grant as an appropriate pilot opportunity. All researchers applying for this grant will thus automatically be a part of the pre-awards pilot and receive the necessary dedicated support throughout the application process.
Preparing for change in your funding application process (18 July 2019)
The eRA pre-awards module will be rolled out across all faculties at UCT from the 1 October 2019. For researchers, the impact of this rollout will be felt when you apply for an international or external grant. With several large international funding calls opening in the coming months – including, but not limited to, the Global Challenges Research Fund (Networking Grants); Global Challenges Research Fund (Challenge Clusters) and the Wellcome Collaborative Awards – we need to make sure you, our researchers, are prepared.
eRA stands for the electronic Research Administration system and its pre-awards process is a straightforward one for the principal investigator (PI) applying for funding.
The PI uploads the requested project documents and captures key project information and details relating to resourcing, ethics and biosafety online.
The form is sent (also online) to departmental finance staff to complete project-related finance information that was discussed with the PI prior to submission of the form.
The PI confirms their agreement with this financial information.
Internal review and approval is completed by relevant faculty finance and deanery staff, with final submission to the funder actioned by either the Research Contracts & Innovation (RC&I) Office or the PI.
This process helps to manage risk (in terms of resource use, research ethics, health and safety and finances) to both the PI and the university, and serves as an internal review to ensure all information required by the funder is complete upon submission.
There are, however, key requirements researchers need to be aware of ahead of their submission to the funder:
Internal deadlines now apply: internal deadlines allow for a thorough review of the applications and enough time to make any necessary amendments. Internal deadlines may differ faculty by faculty but we recommend that PIs should submit the pre-awards approval form 10 working days before the funder deadline to obtain timeous approval from both faculty and RC&I (where relevant). PIs will need to liaise with their faculty approval signatories about turn-around times.
There are a number of different roles and responsibilities in the pre-awards approval process:
The budget reviewer is a staff member in your finance department (e.g. departmental finance officer) who will help you develop an appropriate budget and will complete the financial information in the approval form.
The finance approver is the research management accountant or faculty finance manager who will be responsible for the internal approval of the budget developed by the PI and finance department.
The final faculty approver is the dean or deputy dean of research or a delegate* who will conduct a final check to ensure key areas of risk have been thought through and planned for (like ensuring a project is appropriately costed, sufficient office space for additional staff members is accounted for and ethical approval has been considered).
*the delegate cannot be the same person as the finance approver
Not all applications require a pre-award approval form: as a general rule of thumb all external funding proposals need a pre-award approval form, but if in doubt ask yourself: will what I am submitting pose any potential risk to UCT, whether in terms of resource use, research ethics, health and safety, and finances? If the answer is yes, then complete an approval form. For further information see our frequently asked questions page.
In the coming weeks the eRA team will be intensively engaging with the various faculties regarding the rollout of the pre-awards module. If you want to know more about presentations to your faculty, or would like to schedule an information session for your department or research unit, please contact our internal communications officer, Natalie Simon.
A new eRA in research at UCT (11 June 2019)
The electronic Research Administration (eRA) programme is an ambitious project to create one streamlined software solution for the myriad research administration processes at UCT.
The next phase of the eRA rollout is the pre-awards process, in which researchers will get the necessary internal consistency check and application workflow for their grant applications before submission to the funder. This process, which was successfully piloted in the Faculty of Health Sciences and the IDM, will standardise research processes at UCT to ensure the university can effectively support international grant applications.
The pre-awards process will be rolled out to the rest of the university in August. Leading up to the rollout, the eRA team will be engaging with individual faculties to find out more about how this pre-awards module is likely to affect existing research processes in individual disciplines.
Contact Natalie Simon, internal communications officer in the Research Office if you wish to set up such a meeting in your department.
Why do we need a standardised pre-awards process?
Researchers at UCT are relying more than ever on external funding to fund their research. External funding agencies require increasingly detailed reporting to track how their funds are being used and to manage risk.
The eRA pre-awards process will standardise the internal review process for grant applications to ensure budgets are correctly costed, the necessary ethics and biosafety approvals are in place and other due diligence has been completed to help manage risk for the institution and researcher.
Once rolled out to your faculty, your application for an external grant (with some exceptions, like the NRF) will need to involve completion of a standard approval form online through the eRA system before submitting your proposal to the funder.
The principal investigator (PI) will need to capture key project information and details relating to resourcing, ethics and biosafety online and then send the form (also online) to departmental finance staff to complete project-related finance information. Internal review is then completed by relevant faculty finance and deanery staff for the proposal to be considered approved for submission to the funder by either the Research Contracts & Innovation Office or the PI.
The PI receives an automated notification every time they are required to action an item on the system. PIs can track the status and updates to the internal review and approval of your application through the online system and follow up if necessary.
The eRA team has created how-to guides and videos to help you through the various aspects of the system. You can watch the video to guide you through the pre-awards process here.
Additional guides for the various modules on the eRA system can be found on the research support hub.
You can also request on-site training through our online form: the eRA team are happy to provide a training session for a group of 10 or more researchers and their support staff.
Log in to the eRA system with your UCT single sign-on credentials.
Click here to access the eRA system and log in on the top right-hand section of the page.
If you run into any problems please visit our FAQ page here, email us or log a call.
Your eRA profile
The eRA research portal is already available. You can visit the portal here and begin updating your profile for easy integration with UCT Drupal (website content management system) and greater visibility.
We encourage you to spend a bit of time updating your profile and familiarising yourself with the system. For help and support with building your eRA profile, please visit our how-to section on the research support hub or log a call here.
Log in to update your eRA profile here.
Helping our researchers compete on the global research funding stage (05 June 2019)
This message is from the DVC Designate, Professor Sue Harrison
Research at UCT has grown significantly in the past two decades. In stark contrast, national funding for research has been shrinking and will likely continue to do so. Many of our researchers have already responded by seeking (and winning) international funding, and more and more of our researchers will need to follow suit.
The university needs to support this growth, both to enable continued and even increased success at winning international grants, and to ensure that it manages the financial, human-resource and legal risks involved. For instance, if a researcher does not fully consider factors like inflation, exchange-rate fluctuation and indirect costs in their budget, this puts additional financial pressure on both the project and the university. When researchers are not protected from such errors and find themselves unable to meet their funder requirements, this leads to reputational damage with funding agencies that will impact negatively on subsequent applications.
The electronic Research Administration (eRA) system, developed to bring a number of research administration processes online, will help the university support international grant applications more effectively. In August this year, the eRA pre-awards module – already piloted in the IDM and Health Sciences Faculty – will be rolled out across campus. This will provide a much-needed online consistency check and application work flow to help PIs plan effectively for external – and particularly international – grants.
In order to achieve this, the process involved of applying for external grants will need to be standardised across the university. This allows central research support offices to assist at the point where they are needed, and helps the institution to flag both with PIs and their faculty deans where there are areas of risk.
Thanks to the eRA system this process is now also streamlined and automated. The system takes much of the bureaucratic burden off the researcher, while ensuring that by the time they submit their application to the funder, all the fine print has been taken care of.
This system, and the change in processes required when it is rolled out, aims to ensure that UCT researchers continue to uphold their excellent reputation with international funders and increase their already outstanding success rate.
The eRA team will shortly begin engaging with researchers in each faculty to find out more about how this pre-awards module is likely to affect existing research processes in individual disciplines, and how this can be managed to the benefit of researchers. If you wish to set up such a meeting within your own research unit or department, please do contact our Research Office internal communications officer, Natalie Simon
Electronic Research Administration system rollout in 2019: addressing the challenges (13 February 2019)
UCT is taking its research administrative processes online through the electronic Research Administration (eRA) programme, which will standardise research processes at the university. Many of you will already have used the system, or will do so as we roll out the modules.
By the end of the year researchers will need to use eRA to:
Obtain internal approval for grant applications to external funders
Apply for internal funding
Apply for ad hominem promotion
Create a researcher profile (which can be displayed onto your group's website)
You will be informed in more detail about specific functionalities as they go live, so please be on the lookout for communications from the eRA team in your Research Announcements.
Please visit the eRA section on the Research Support Hub to learn more about what eRA is and why it is necessary.
What are the challenges?
The eRA system already includes internal (visible only to UCT members) as well as public researcher profiles. The public profile appears on the UCT Research Portal and offers researchers greater visibility, and can also be displayed directly onto other UCT websites. To create these profiles, eRA pulls data from other UCT source systems, such as personnel data from the HR system. Where there is fragmented and inconsistent data in these other systems it has led to problems in automated uploads to eRA.
For those who have already come across this problem firsthand, we apologise for the inconvenience.
These underlying data issues are an institutional problem beyond the specific remit of eRA and are being addressed by UCT via the University Data Quality Task Team. For eRA this data issue means that staff appointments prior to 2013 and publication data prior to 2016 are not currently automatically pulled into the system.
What is the eRA team doing to address this issue?
For the appointment data, we are working on importing staff appointments prior to 2013 into eRA. We will let you know when these are imported and you will then be able to populate your profile with up-to-date data for those years.
For the publication data the Research Office will offer training opportunities on how to populate your eRA profile with historical publication data.
Please keep an eye on the Research Announcements emailed to you for more about these training opportunities.
What can you do to make sure you are ready for eRA rollout?
If your UCT appointment was held from 2013 onwards, we encourage you to update your profile data and watch our how-to video to find out how to automatically pull in recent publications from databases like Web of Science, ORCID or Scopus onto your eRA profile.
You can keep hidden any information you choose by making it internally visible only.
If your UCT appointment was held from before 2013, then as soon as these data have been imported you will be able to populate your profile and publications.
See our how to update your research profile video and pdf for more on how to hide elements of your profile. If you still experience challenges, please log a call.
Research contracts can now be tracked in eRA (21 February 2019)
The electronic Research Administration (eRA) project is implementing new software to automate and streamline the research project lifecycle. The latest module in this project – the contracts module – has been live from 1 February 2019.
This means the university is no longer using IRMA for new contracts.
This switch will happen automatically. Researchers can (for now) continue to submit their grants as they would have in the past.
Researchers whose grants are at the contract stage will receive an email informing them that their contract has been logged on the eRA system, the name of the contracts manager assigned to their contract and the option to log in to track the progress of their contract.
You can use your UCT log-in credentials to sign in to the eRA system.
Download the one-page guide to the new research contracts process.
If you experience any difficulties with the system, you can log a call here.
eRA research contracts module going live (1 February 2019)
As from today (Friday, 1st February) the electronic Research Administration (eRA) system research contracts module will be phased in. This means that all new contracts will be captured on eRA and access will be limited to the RC&I staff members. The IRMA system will not be used for new updates on existing contracts from the 1st to the 8th February to allow for migration of the contracts still under negotiation to the eRA system. As from the 11th of February these contracts will be available on eRA.
What this means for researchers?
This process will happen automatically and does not require any change in behaviour from researchers whose grants are at the contracts stage.
The researcher, and faculty representatives can, as was the case with IRMA, log into the eRA system and track the status of their contracts.
What about the previous system?
From the 1st February 2019 all new contracts and those that are not finalised will be processed through eRA. The data, from contracts completed before 1 February, have not been uploaded onto eRA yet and, if researchers or administrators wish to look up on those contracts, they can continue to do so in IRMA.
Once the migration of data is complete we will inform the community accordingly and IRMA will be discontinued.
We thank you for your patience and support in this process. If you have any questions, please log a call here for assistance.
Linking the eRA portal profiles to departmental websites (22 November 2018)
You can now link your profile on the eRA portal to existing departmental websites. This means that researchers' public profiles on eRA can have their information automatically populate their departmental websites. Update your profile on the eRA system, then ask your page manager to link it to your departmental website so you can increase your research visibility on both platforms.
Our colleagues from Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research (CIDER) were the first to showcase their researcher profiles from the eRA portal on their website – ensuring it's automatically up to date.
Find out how to implement this.
eRA Post Awards (30 October 2019)
Phase I of the eRA post-awards module was rolled out on 1 November 2019, affecting only new projects where the contract is signed off through eRA from 1 November. This phase was developed to assist researchers and project administrators to manage the spending of contract funding and grants. This process will also enable researchers to capture project milestones and deliverables against contacted objectives.
Phase 2 was rolled out on the 13th December 2019, to facilitate the project award closure process after all the necessary checks have been done by relevant stakeholders.


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"Facts of Life" Sweetie Costars with Gay Porn Studs
by Michael Musto
The Cohn Brothers J. Cherrae Photography
In a Fort Greene apartment awash in naked genitals and Boy Butter the other day, I could have sworn I saw Mindy Cohn, the twinkly, mildly neurotic Natalie from the girl-on-girl '80s sitcom The Facts of Life. Had I sat on my figurative remote and landed on some channel not normally in the cable box? Had we entered a very special episode of The Fags of Life?
No, it was the set of Bye Bye, Fruit Fly, a Casper Andreas–directed movie about the title character's quest to find a straight man, and Mindy was playing the part, barely wincing as a porn star sauntered by with a shiny hard-on.
As my spinning head slowed down into its normal rotation, I chatted with the unlikely star and felt like I'd entered a TV Land holiday special as produced by Michael Lucas. In a perfectly sensible tone, Cohn told me her character realizes she needs a "fag stag"—i.e., a straight man who is OK with her gay friends—and she ends up nabbing one in a hetero gogo boy with HIV. Is the role a stretch for her? "In Fire Island, I was getting drinks for Calvin Klein's butt-boy," she told me, with an "Oh, please" grin. "It's my life!"
Cohn is so yay-gay that, in any new town, she immediately gravitates to the LGBT street so she can find her bearings. ("I don't even need to see a rainbow flag," she boasted—not to mention a Spartacus International guidebook.) She even found her way to the gays working on The Facts of Life, though she wouldn't tell me who they were. (Tootie? Miss Mahoney? George Clooney?) Not surprisingly, Cohn's real-life best friend is a gay man named Glenn with whom she shares a house in Laguna Beach. "Some of my boyfriends have had issues with that," she admitted, so some of them ended up looking for the exit, though she usually showed them the gay door first.
Career-wise, Cohn has made some similarly decisive choices. She's been doing voiceovers and smallish films like this, "so the perception is I'm not working." But she's actually building a career and realizes, "I have to age!" (When is the last time you heard an actress utter those words? Especially in a room full of Boy Butter?)
In the meantime, the 43-year-old has been turning down reality shows faster than Mrs. Garrett swatted away the girls' pleas to stay up late. She said nyuh-uh to The Surreal Life, Celebrity Fit Club, and But I'm a Celebrity, knowing such ventures build bank accounts more than credibility. "There was talk of a Celebrity Amazing Race," Cohn told me, "and that's the only one I wanted to do. Duty-free shopping around the world!"
Meanwhile, the surreal life of a fruit fly seemed to be suiting her apple cheeks just fine. As screenwriter/co-star Jesse Archer told me, "Mindy's a brave girl. We put her through hell. Her character talks about her fat upper-pussy area and her anal health. Everybody ditches her." Not me—I'm her new gay best friend and ready to move right in with lots of luggage. But Glenn's gotta go!
It Don't Worry Me
Let's keep Daryl Glenn, though. The Kentucky-born performer and singer/pianist Jo Lynn Burks did their sincere musical tribute to Robert Altman's Nashville at the Metropolitan Room, and it was quite enjoyable, especially when Glenn turned "Tapedeck in His Tractor" into a multi-sexual duet Mindy Cohn would surely cotton to. Next up, Glenn wants to do a tribute to Lost Horizon, a musical so endearingly inept that you cheered the plane crash. This is going to be interesting.
The Nashville event had audience members winning GooGoo Clusters if they answered trivia questions correctly, but over at Here Arts Center, The EelWax Jesus Show cast handed out moon pies and even raffled off a toaster, the kind of game-show-like inducements that are now required of any successful recession-era entertainment. In keeping with the nostalgia theme of this column, the multimedia rock show is described as "part Blue Man Group, part They Might Be Giants," but I'd also throw in William Burroughs, Sesame Street, and a very funny Bavarian weatherman.
Nostalgic for roaches? There was a giant one on the wall at the Pink Teacup the other day, and it was competing for our cafeteria-level eats, but I'm still fond of this soul-food joint, especially when they remember to bring the salad.
I hear that at the F Word, the mostly gay bash at Santos' Party House, a drag queen was handed a cup by an audience member, so she impulsively peed into it, then gamely drank its contents on command! Pardon us survivors of Michael Alig's club-kid era if we pause here to well up and say, "Ah, just like the good old days!"
By the way, Steve Lewis, the longtime club entrepreneur who does the Good Night Mr. Lewis nightlife blog, says Alig's manslaughter sentence has been extended because he tested positive for Percocet (if not for pee). "I think it means he will be there for, like, four or five years," says Lewis, who stopped communicating with Alig after the incident. As the blogger puts it, "This silly infraction and the series of lies around it meant that he wasn't learning any lessons and would return to society as the nightmare who left us. I'll visit him in a year or so." Hopefully by then, Alig won't have liver damage from all that Percocet!
Another transforming old-timer, Sharon Stone, popped up in a public-service announcement I saw before The Hurt Locker—and girlfriend looks about 17. I don't know what she's had done, but Sharon hasn't looked this young and radiant since she had that aneurysm.
Senior citizens now have their own Off-Broadway revue called Don't Leave It All to Your Children!, the kind of geriatric-aimed outing that gets a sitting ovation. (The funny pre-show announcement asks the audience to unplug their pacemakers, oxygen tents, and glucose monitors.) But one of the stars—longtime theater fave Marcia Rodd—is a totally live wire and graciously sat with me after the Saturday matinee to remember her Broadway highs and lows. There was the bomb musical Chu Chem—a/k/a The King and Oy—which closed out of town in '66. ("We didn't even have a run-through!" exclaimed Rodd). She scored in Neil Simon's The Last of the Red Hot Lovers, but was horrified when the movie version went with a whole other cast. ("Jimmy Coco called me and said, 'I just came from the movie. It was awful!' ") And though hot Rodd was set to star in the '74 cult gem Mack & Mabel, Gower Champion fired her in favor of Kelly Garrett, then axed Garrett for Bernadette Peters. ("I changed my life to do that show," Rodd told me. "I'd been through five rounds of rehearsals. I joked to Gower, 'You gonna fire me?' and he replied, 'As a matter of fact . . .' ") But why hold a grudge? Rodd saw the '05 John Doyle production and thought it was superb!
And finally, I have something actually newish to share. The very best place to sit and ogle cute young guys is the lobby of the Pod Hotel on East 51st Street, a place where "stylish and spendthrifty travelers"—you know, foreign-student types—like to crash-land in between responsibilities. Apparently they don't go by the same homing instinct as Mindy Cohn—most of them seem straight—but they're worth eyeballing nonetheless. So grab some waffles at the Pod Café through the lobby, then come back to a couch and feel a tingle in your upper-pussy area. It's duty-free shopping from all around the world!
musto@villagevoice.com
More:Daryl GlennMarcia RoddMichael AligMindy CohnNightlifePorn

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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HomeMarch 2012A ministry of pastoral loitering
It's nearly a year since Good Samaritan Sister Lal Smith began her new ministry among the Aboriginal people of Palm Island. As Lal looks back over the last 10 months, a memory that stands out is her first ferry trip to the Island from Townsville.
BY Stephanie Thomas
It's nearly a year since Good Samaritan Sister Lal Smith began her new ministry among the Aboriginal people of Palm Island just off Queensland's north coast. As Lal looks back over the last 10 months, a memory that stands out is her first ferry trip to the Island from Townsville.
"They were all Indigenous people on the ferry. They were so quiet and gentle. Nobody made an effort to talk to me, but I didn't feel that I was out of place," she recalls.
"But I think from that time, I felt I'm among these people."
About a month after Lal's arrival, she was joined by Good Samaritan Sister Robyn Brady. At the invitation of Townsville Bishop, Michael Putney, and in response to a call from their congregation, both Lal and Robyn, age 73 and 69 respectively, volunteered to re-establish a Good Samaritan community on the Island following the departure of the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary.
For the Good Samaritan Sisters, Palm Island is not a new ministry experience. During the 1990s a number of sisters worked at St Michael's Catholic School and in the community.
Lal and Robyn are parish pastoral associates. "[Our] ministry can best be described as a ministry of presence, supporting and working with the Aboriginal community in the parish and the wider community," explains Robyn.
"A visiting priest… described it as a ministry of 'pastoral loitering'!"
Palm Island, also known as Great Palm Island, or by the Aboriginal name Bwgcolman, is about 65 kilometres north-west of Townsville and has a resident population of about 2,000 people, almost entirely Indigenous.
"It's the most beautiful place," says Lal, "but then once you've been here a few weeks you begin to realise the suffering of the people."
"Death is a big part of the place. So there's that undercurrent of the physical beauty of the place and then there's the sadness… of the people."
According to Robyn, one only needs to read about the history of Palm Island to understand life on the Island now.
"It is a rather tragic history; a Government-run island where Indigenous people were relocated because of a minor infringement on the mainland. In other words, it was a penal settlement," she explains.
"There were some very harsh superintendents who ruled with an iron fist. Women and men were separated; they were conscripted to do the menial tasks for the Government officials."
As a result, around 49 different Aboriginal groups are present on the Island who collectively call themselves the Bwgcolman People. "So there's no common Indigenous language," explains Lal.
Robyn and Lal recently attended a community ceremony where a monument outlining the history of the Island was unveiled.
"It tells of the 1957 strike, which… they celebrate every year," says Robyn.
"It is a sign that [the people] can stand up for their rights. The monument also talks about 'The Magnificent Seven' who fought for equal wages for Indigenous workers."
Despite some hard-fought freedoms, Robyn and Lal say the local people continue to face many challenges.
Housing conditions are poor; there are limited employment opportunities and recreational activities for the overwhelmingly young population. While the Island is a 'dry community', alcohol and drug use continue to take a heavy toll.
Both women admit that working on Palm Island is far from easy. But they remain hopeful, compassionate and realistic. A sense of humour, they tell me, is also a must.
"It takes a daily inspiration to meet the challenges, and I think I get this from thinking that Jesus would be very happy in this place with the disadvantaged and marginalised people," says Robyn.
"I have learnt that you throw away your watch and do some patient waiting. Life moves slowly. The joys are in being with people… grieving with them and delighting when small steps are taken".
For Lal, being with the people is "a privilege". "You say to yourself, well, we need to stand with them. The Church has been here a long time and we can't just walk away."
Each week Lal visits the Island's drug and alcohol rehab centre. She finds it a "really positive experience".
"It truly gives me energy because the people there are honest and true. They can say, 'I'm an alcoholic and this is what my life's about'," she explains.
"They're trying to deal with their alcoholism. You hope that that ripples out to the community somehow, and I'm sure it does."
To try to connect with the community on a more regular basis, Robyn and Lal have submitted an application with the Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council to rent a small shop and have a Church presence in the main shopping area of the Island.
"It will not be a money-making venture, but an opportunity for the people to drop in and have a chat over a cup of tea," explains Robyn.
"We haven't any more plans as yet, as it could all fall through. But we could have some second-hand clothes for sale just to cover the cost of the tea, sugar, biscuits etc. It is more about being down where the people are, because they don't just come up to the church."
Lal and Robyn are very aware that their ministry on the Island will take time to develop. "We've got to let the people get to know us and take our time to get to know them," says Lal.
"I think it's just sinking in to us, it'll be a long slow road… [But] it'll be an interesting journey, I think."
Stephanie Thomas
Stephanie Thomas is a freelance writer, editor and researcher, and former editor of "The Good Oil", the monthly e-magazine of the Good Samaritan Sisters (2011-2018).


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Blog Subsidiary Alliance System
Subsidiary Alliance System
Tags: subsidiary alliance and doctrine of lapse, Subsidiary Alliance System, subsidiary alliance upsc, What was the main objective of the subsidiary alliance system?, What was the system of subsidiary Alliance?, What were the three conditions of the subsidiary Alliance?
Subsidiary Alliance System: Wellesley's strategy of auxiliary coalition was an expansion of ring wall which looked to decrease states to a place of reliance on British Government in India. As per this framework, each ruler in India needed to acknowledge to pay an endowment to the British for the upkeep of British armed force. Consequently, British would safeguard them from their foes which gave British huge extension.
French used to give their soldiers to the lease motivation to the local Indian state. Dupleix was the primary who loan European soldiers to the Indian state. Later it was taken on at a huge scope by Lord Wellesley who began it to ensure that no state in India.
Key highlights of Subsidiary Alliance
The partners of Indian state's ruler were constrained to acknowledge the super durable post of British Army inside their domains and to pay an endowment for its upkeep.
An Indian ruler going into Subsidiary Alliance with the British needed to break down his own military.
He additionally needed to pay for the British armed force's support.
Consequently, the British would safeguard the Indian state against any unfamiliar assault or inner revolt.
The British guaranteed non obstruction in inner undertakings of the Indian state yet this was seldom kept.
The Indian state couldn't go into any union with some other unfamiliar power.
He could likewise not utilize some other outside nationals other than Englishmen in his administration. Furthermore, assuming he were utilizing any, on the marking of the union, he needed to end them from his administration. The thought was to check the impact of the French.
The Indian state could likewise not go into any political association with one more Indian state without British endorsement.
The Indian ruler, hence, lost all powers in regard of international concerns and the military.
He essentially lost all his freedom and turned into a British 'protectorate'.
A British Resident was likewise positioned in the Indian Court.
Effect of strategy and British Expansion
On the off chance that a ruler neglected to make the instalment, a piece of his domain would be removed and surrendered to the British for the sake of keeping up with the soldiers.
This was the result by and large, as rulers fell into overdue debts and a piece of their region was taken.
The auxiliary framework was the Trojan pony strategies in realm building. It incapacitated the Indian states and tossed British protectorate over them.
The Governor General had intermediary in each Indian express that acknowledged the auxiliary collusion.
In this way, it denied the Indian rulers of shaping any alliance against British.
It empowered the organization to keep an enormous standing armed force to the detriment of Indian sovereigns.
As indicated by the Wellesley himself, "by the foundation of our auxiliary powers at Hyderabad and Poona, a proficient multitude of 22000 men are positioned inside the regions or on the outskirts of unfamiliar states, and is paid by unfamiliar endowments. That military is continually kept up with in a condition of wonderful hardware, and is ready for dynamic help toward any path at the most limited notice" with next to no significant increment to the extremely durable military costs of the Government of India."
The positioning of the organization's soldiers in the capitals of the Indian rulers gave the English the control of the vital and key situations in India without stirring the envy of other European countries.
The auxiliary framework assisted the organization with successfully balancing any conceivable French moves in India. The organization expected the auxiliary partner to excuse all Frenchmen from his administration.
The British occupants used significant impact in the issues of the Indian states. This put extraordinary support under the control of organization's experts in India.
The Company gained domains in full sway from Indian state sand extended their territories in India.
Thus, we can express that on one hand Subsidiary collusion assisted organization with decreasing the danger of Napoleon/French and then again organization could keep an enormous armed force on the costs of Indian states.
The local states, they essentially stopped existing from the second they became auxiliary to or safeguarded by the Company. The circumstances under which they were permitted to hold their clear freedom were simultaneously, the states of long-lasting rot, and of a complete powerlessness of progress.
Different phases of Subsidiary Alliances
In the First Stage, the English swore to give a decent armed force to the local rulers in return for a proper amount of cash.
In its second stage, the English focused on keeping an extremely durable military power to help their partner in return for a set yearly amount of cash.
In its third stage, the English swore to keep up with not just a proper auxiliary power to help their accomplice in return for a specific yearly amount of cash, yet additionally to keep the power inside the partner's boundaries.
The English vowed to keep a long-lasting and fixed auxiliary power an inside the area of their partner in its fourth and last structure, which was established by Lord Wellesley. In any case, rather than getting cash, they were conceded extremely durable admittance to a part of the partner's domain.
Truly, the Policy of Subsidiary Alliance was a strategy of giving up power, suggesting that the state lost its freedoms to self-protection, political contacts, the work of unfamiliar specialists, and the goal of issues with its neighbour's.
This is the way the auxiliary collusion structure appeared for growing the Company's Indian district.
Effect of the Subsidiary Alliance Policy
The Nizam of Hyderabad
In 1798, it broke the Nizam's binds with the French and made it unlawful for the Nizam to shape partnerships with the Maratha without British consent. The Nizam of Hyderabad turned into the first to sign the Subsidiary Alliance.
The Nawab of Awadh
In the year 1799, Mysore turned into the subsequent state. Then, at that point, in AD 1801, Wellesley constrained the Nawab of Awadh to join the Policy of Subsidiary Alliance.
Peshwa Baji Rao II
In AD 1802, Peshwa Baji Rao II utilized this approach to quell his domain. In AD 1803, numerous Maratha states, like Bhosle and Scindia, consented to the arrangement's expectations.
The last Maratha Confederation, the Holkars, consented to the auxiliary partnership's prerequisites also.
Deal of Allahabad
The auxiliary framework was likewise embraced in Oudh by Lord Clive, and the Treaty of Allahabad was shaped, in which the British focused on shielding the Oudh region from enemies like the Marathas. Gorakhpur, Rohilkhand, and the Doab were effectively given for the support of troops by the Company.
The Indian States' Subsidiary Alliances were framed in the accompanying request:
Hyderabad (1798)
Mysore (1799)
Tanjore (1799)
Awadh (1801)
Peshwa (Marathas) (1802)
Scindia (Marathas) (1803), Gaekwad (Marathas) (1803)
Benefits to British
The British profited from the auxiliary collusion in every one of the ways and enjoyed benefits, for example,
1. Increments to the assets of Company
The auxiliary framework added to the English Company's assets, and it was part of the way with the assistance of these assets that the English Company had the option to lay down a good foundation for itself as the country's predominant power.
The Indian States that framed auxiliary unions gave cash or regions from which the English Company could keep up with troops.
Their soldiers were generally at the English Company's tact. Subsequently, while the soldiers were apparently financed by the Indian States for their guard, they really expanded the English Company's assets.
Upgraded Influence and military power to the detriment of the nearby specialists
The English Company had the option to propel their tactical boondocks in front of their political wilderness on account of the arrangement of auxiliary coalitions.
Albeit the English Company was not entrusted with the organization of the States that joined the auxiliary framework, its impact was expanded.
2. Lesser Risk for War-related harm
The English Company's domains didn't endure on the grounds that the fights were battled in most of cases in the regions of the States joining the auxiliary partnership.
3. Indian states lost their sway
The Indian states lost their sway. They were not allowed to lay out strategic binds with one another without the organization's information or endorsement.
Their possibilities prevailing in their joint endeavours to dismiss the organization were reduced. They never represented a danger to the Company's presence all alone.
Thus, the English steadily turned into his state's true masters. The nearby lords were decreased to a 'protectorate' by the British.
4. Taken out French Influence
The French impact was totally cleared out as they couldn't work in the local rulers' courts.
5. Proceeded with Expansion
Upkeep of the auxiliary power was exorbitant to the point that it put a critical monetary weight on the neighbourhood Indian ruler, which he generally neglected to maintain.
Because of the auxiliary collusion strategy, the British constrained him to give up a greater amount of his region and it helped with the Company's proceeded with extension in India.
Auxiliary Alliance System: Demerits
Powers on issues of state
The English progressively took over the greater part of the first Indian ruler's prolific and militarily huge grounds.
It drove the local state's subjects into destitution and impoverishment by putting the whole monetary obligation of keeping up with the military on them.
In principle, English residents were absolved from intruding with the local rulers inside organization under the approach. Practically speaking, nonetheless, the Britishers had total control over the rulers in all issues of state.
Joblessness
One more detriment of the development of auxiliary soldiers was the improvement of turmoil because of the great many warriors dispatched by the Indian rulers becoming jobless.
The freebooting exercises of disintegrated warriors were especially perceptible in focal India, where the Pindaric hazard represented a serious danger to the general population.
Debilitated Indian Patriotism
The local lords logically lost regard, positive energy, and, surprisingly, their essential job of administering and reinforcing their powers. Subsequently, their personality and capacity to lead their states decayed, making it more straightforward for the British to oversee the state.
The English, with far more prominent assets than a solitary ruler, safeguarded each partnered ruler against each unfamiliar attack and homegrown uprising, the state's subjects were presently not ready to depose their inadequate lord by rebelling against him.
Because of this strategy, the British gained whole control of the state's exercises, considering the local ruler and his subjects seriously feeble.
Central issues of the Subsidiary AllianceThe partners of the Indian state's rulers were constrained to acknowledge the long-lasting post of the British Army inside their regions and to pay a sponsorship for its support.The Indian ruler couldn't utilize any European in that frame of mind without earlier endorsement of the British.They couldn't haggle with some other Indian rulers without talking with the Governor-General.A British Resident was likewise positioned in the Indian Court.
Q1. Who spearheaded the arrangement of Subsidiary Alliance?
Ans. The arrangement of auxiliary unions was spearheaded by the French East India Company lead representative Joseph François Dupleix, who in the last part of the 1740s laid out settlements with the Nizam of Hyderabad and other Indian sovereigns in the Carnatic.
Q2. What was the primary element of the Subsidiary Alliance?
Ans. In a Subsidiary Alliance, royal rulers were prohibited from making any discussions and settlement with some other Indian ruler without first making asks to Company authorities. They were likewise taboo from keeping up with any standing armed forces. They were rather to be safeguarded by the soldiers of the European organizations, paying for their upkeep.
Q3. Explain how the Subsidiary partnership strategy assisted the Britishers with growing their standard in India?
Ans. The auxiliary framework was of extraordinary benefit to the British in making large progressions in India. Fundamentally, it added to the English Company's assets, and it was incompletely with the assistance of these assets that the English Company had the option to set up a good foundation for itself as the country's predominant power. Then again, upkeep of the auxiliary power was so expensive, subsequently, it put a critical monetary weight on the neighbourhood Indian ruler, which he generally neglected to support. Because of the auxiliary collusion strategy, the British constrained him to give up a greater amount of his domain. Subsequently, it supported the Company's proceeded with extension in India.
Q4. What were the primary standards of the auxiliary coalition?Ans. A auxiliary collusion's key components were as per the following: An Indian ruler who went into an auxiliary coalition with the British needed to acknowledge British powers in his locale and consent to pay for their upkeep and the ruler would acknowledge a British Resident. In return, the British vowed to shield the Indian state from any unfamiliar assault or inside uprising. At this stage no unfamiliar state partner with the Indian state.


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Carver County Historical Society in Waconia MN seeks an Education Coordinator. BA in history or education required, experience working in nonprofit desired. 30 hours a week with anticipated growth to full time in 2010, includes medical, dental, and PERA. Contact Wendy Biorn by email only for full job description or to apply.
Danish Immigrant Museum in Elkhorn IA seeks Curator of Exhibitions. Master's degree required. Supervisory position. Open until filled.
Madison Trust for Historic Preservation in Madison WI seeks Executive Director.
The 29th Annual Minnesota Statewide Preservation Conference will be held September 17-18, 2009 at the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum in Chanhassen MN. Register.
A "fieldwide ask" is being sent to members of Congress asking their support for $50 million for the IMLS Museum Services. Contact your representative today.
Association of Midwest Museums, which will meet in St. Paul in September, seeks nominees for awards recognizing four different kinds of contributions to the field. Nominations are due June 30, 2009.
Minnesota Council on Nonprofits released its June Nonprofit Conditions Report showing how nonprofits in Minnesota are faring during the current economy.
"Happy Birthday America" at the Stans Museum on Saturday June 27, 2009. Story and craft time from 10:30 a.m. to 11:15 a.m. Free, but registration required. Call 952-445-0378.
Renville County Historical Society presents David Grabitske on his new biography, "Six Miles from St. Paul: the family and society of Sarah Jane Sibley" on Sunday June 28, 2009, 3 p.m. Free. Books available for purchase. Contact Jill at 507-697-6147.
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Der Gilbert River ist ein Fluss im Norden des australischen Bundesstaates Queensland. Zusammen mit seinem längsten Nebenfluss, dem Einasleigh River, bildet er das Flusssystem Gilbert-Einasleigh River.

Name
Entdeckt wurde der Fluss Ende 1844 von dem preußischen Entdeckungsreisenden Ludwig Leichhardt. Er benannte ihn im Verlauf seiner ersten Australienexpedition von 1844 bis 1845 nach einem britischen Expeditionsmitglied, dem Naturforscher John Gilbert. Gilbert kam am 28. Juni 1845 durch einen Angriff von Aborigines ums Leben.

Geografie

Flusslauf
Der Fluss entspringt in der Gilbert Range in den Atherton Tablelands, einem Teilgebirge der Great Dividing Range. Von dort fließt der Gilbert River zunächst nach Südwesten, um dann bei Perryvale eine nordöstliche Richtung einzuschlagen. Er unterquert den Savannah Way (auch Gulf Developmental Road) etwa 50 Kilometer westlich von Georgetown und die Burke Developmental Road rund 90 Kilometer nordöstlich von Normanton. Ungefähr 50 bis 100 Kilometer nordöstlich von Karumba münden der Gilbert River und sein Flussarm, der Smithburne River, in einem weitläufigen Delta in den Golf von Carpentaria.

Zu Beginn seines Laufes versickert er auf einer Länge von 200 Kilometer immer wieder, um erst mehrere Kilometer später wieder zu Tage zu treten. Die Abflussmenge des Gilbert River schwankt sowohl saisonal als auch jahresweise sehr stark.

Nebenflüsse mit Mündungshöhen
 Styx River – 624 m
 Anning Creek – 570 m
 Gorge Creek – 556 m
 Granite Creek – 484 m
 Six Mile Creek – 459 m
 Twelve Mile Creek – 436 m
 Conglomerate Creek – 424 m
 Percy River – 397 m
 Dead Horse Creek – 387 m
 Fish Hole Creek – 367 m
 The Dutchman Creek – 348 m
 Dinner Camp Creek – 348 m
 Blackfellow Creek – 338 m
 Rocky Creek – 338 m
 Bottom Dutchmans Creek – 333 m
 Old Paddock Creek – 331 m
 Elizabeth Creek – 326 m
 Wall Creek – 307 m
 Reedy Creek – 304 m
 Stake Yard Creek – 297 m
 Heliman Creek – 284 m
 Robertson River – 268 m
 Mosquito Creek – 264 m
 Stockyard Creek – 259 m
 Glenrowan Creek – 255 m
 Spring Creek – 252 m
 Scrubby Creek – 243 m
 Nuggety Creek – 243 m
 Western Creek – 237 m
 McDonald Creek – 225 m
 Log Creek – 219 m
 Lynch Creek – 217 m
 Somerset Creek – 215 m
 Crooked Creek – 212 m
 Pinnacle Creek – 200 m
 Langdon River – 191 m
 Little River – 140 m
 Einasleigh River – 81 m
 Smithburne River – 55 m
 Maxwell Creek – 41 m
 Snake Creek – 10 m
 Hull Creek – 0 m
(Quelle:)

Klima
Das Klima im Becken des Flusses in tropisch. Die jährlichen Regenmengen liegen im Allgemeinen bei 800 mm, wobei fast der gesamte Regen zwischen Dezember und März fällt. In mehr als 60 % der Jahre fällt zwischen Mai und September gar kein Regen, im August ist dies in über 80 % der Jahre der Fall. Die Regenfälle variieren wegen der großen Unterschiede in den jährlichen Monsunregen und den gelegentlichen Zyklonen allgemein sehr stark: In nassen Jahren, wie 1973/1974 oder 1999/2000, kann die jährliche Regenmenge 1.800 mm erreichen; in trockenen Jahren, in denen fast gar keine Regenzeit stattfindet, wie 1951/1952, waren es im größten Teil des Beckens nur 300 mm.

Wirtschaft
Weil der Fluss einen viel zu stark wechselnden Wasserstand für die Nutzung der Wasserkraft besitzt und die Böden – meist Eisenerzschüttung oder Kaolinlehme – viel zu unfruchtbar sind, ist das Gilbert-Einasleigh-Flusssystem eines der wenigen völlig unregulierten Flusssysteme dieser Größe in der Welt. Der größte Teil des Beckens besteht aus Grasland, das extensiv für die Viehhaltung genutzt wird, da der Nährwert des Grases sehr gering ist. Die durchschnittliche Bevölkerungsdichte beträgt nur 25 Einwohner/1000 km². Die Böden am Oberlauf sind fruchtbarere, rote Lehmböden, werden aber durch die gelegentlichen Regenfälle zu stark abgetragen, um Getreideanbau zu ermöglichen, obwohl Grundwasser für die Bewässerung zur Verfügung stünde.

Naturschutz
Die Flussmündung gehört zur Gulf Plains Important Bird Area.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Flüsse in Queensland
 Liste der Flüsse in Australien

Einzelnachweise

Ludwig Leichhardt

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Keeping the seaweed industry afloat
AFTER sailing past troubled waters during the Asian financial crunch, Shemberg Marketing Corp. sees bright prospects in the years ahead with the improving prices of seaweed and carrageenan in the world market.
Benson U. Dakay, Shemberg's chief executive officer, is hopeful that the company's first year under an eight-year rehabilitation process in 2003, would start the resurgence of the local seaweed industry, to the benefit of thousands of farmers in southern Philippines.
"Things are looking bright for the local seaweed industry," Dakay said.
The challenge is tough though. While Shemberg realized a net income of P106 million in 2002, it had to pay P308 million in interest and bank charges, owing to a huge dollar-denominated debt that depleted the income of the company after the plunge of the peso in 1998.
Most of this was attributed to the dollar loans of Shemberg equivalent to around P3.5 billion before the Asian crisis, when the company sought to modernize its operations by establishing Shemberg Biotech Corp.
Creditor banks agreed to rehabilitate Shemberg in 2000 and a local court in Cebu approved the plan in May 2002. As of December 2002, the Mandaue City-based company had incurred a P1.189-billion deficit, with its long-term debt standing at P273 million. Despite the tough challenge, Dakay believes that his company, along with the local seaweed industry as a whole, is on its way to a strong recovery.
"There is no other way but to go up," Dakay insisted.
Pete Borja, public relations director of Shemberg, said the improved prices of seaweed would propel the company through the corporate restructuring process and enable it to buy more raw materials from seaweed farmers.
Data from the Seaweed Industry Association of the Philippines show that the average buying price of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed, which Shemberg procures from farmers, went up by more than three times from P10.44 a kilo in September 1997 to P37.50 a kilo in May 2004.
Seaweed production also surged from 84,000 metric tons in 1997 to 118,460 MT in 2001 to 127,693 MT in 2003. Moreover, local seaweed production is expected to post double-digit growth in 2004.
Total seaweed harvest area also expanded from only 43,306 hectares in 2001 to 58,420 hectares in 2003. Most of these areas are in the waters of Tawi-Tawi, Sulu, Basilan and the Zamboanga peninsula. Seaweed farming, however, also thrives in the Bicol region, Visayas and other parts of Mindanao.
Borja claimed that Shemberg, which prides itself as a world-class producer of carrageenan, has proven in the past that it could rise beyond the challenges.
"The complexity of the challenges of the 21st Century and the speed at which they morph and metamorphose notwithstanding, Shemberg is not daunted. We can draw strength, courage and determination from our vast, rich and long experience in the carrageenan business," Borja, quoting a company statement, said.
Shemberg introduced commercial seaweed farming in the Philippines in 1966 and became the first local supplier of carrageenan to the world. Shemberg actually is not a foreign company. Each letter of the word stands for the initials of the names of eight children of Ernesto Dacay Sr., the founder of the Dacay Group who established the Lion-Tiger mosquito coil brand, and his wife Mary. Benson, the second son, eventually became company chief executive.
Shemberg's main product lines now include raw seaweeds, traditionally refined and natural grade carrageenan. The company supplies raw materials for food, dairy, air freshener, oral, personal care, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other industrial and consumer product applications.
Carrageenan is a hydrocolloid extracted from red seaweeds. Refined carrageenan undergoes an elaborate process that involves drying, cleaning, bagging, dissolving, filtration, precipitation and grinding into powder. The natural grade carrageenan, however, is not dissolved.
Unknown to many, carrageenan is an effective agent used in the processing of sausages, ham, hamburger, chocolate milk, ice cream, frozen desserts, low-fat cheese, milk pudding, salad dressing, beverage mixes, toothpaste, gummy candies, pet foods, air freshner gels, dessert gel, cough syrup, hard capsules and even beer.
At present, Shemberg remains the largest producer of semi-refined carrageenan and refined carrageenan. In 2003, the company exported 5,917 MT of semi-refined carrageenan worth $25.949 million, up from $24.458 million in 2002.
The company's refined carrageenan exports reached 1,415 MT worth $11.665 million in 2003, although they were slightly lower than the previous year's $11.867 million. At present, Shemberg has eight carrageenan refineries located in various parts of the Philippines.
It was only in 1994 that the Department of Trade and Industry chose the company as top exporter. Before this, the company already caught the attention of the government and the local business circle after becoming a major supplier of raw materials for Colgate.
In 1988, Dakay was selected as one of the Ten Most Outstanding Young Men of the Philippines in the field of aquaculture. In the same year, his company received the Golden Shell Award for its exemplary export performance.
Dakay was only 33 years old when he received the TOYM award. He was born in Cebu on March 26, 1955, and graduated from the University of San Carlos with a degree in accounting in 1978. But he would quickly insist that he learned most of his business instincts from his father, Ernesto. Benson, himself, is now a father of four.
Borja pointed to Benson Dacay as the one responsible for three major feats that benefited the local seaweed and carrageenan industry. The first included the acceptance of the United States Food and Drug Administration of the Philippine natural grade carrageenan as a nontoxic food additive in 1990.
This put Shemberg in a collision course with American carrageenan producer FMC Biopolymer, a row that remains to be settled to this day.
The second was the country's successful campaign for the classification of PNG as a food additive in the Food Codex Alimentarius and the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants. This defined PNG as carrageenan.
The third is the country's successful campaign to include the PNG or the Processed Eucheuma Seaweed in the European Union food additives' list. Borja said these achievements, spearheaded by Dacay, provided the key break for the PNG's continued stay in the world market of carrageenan.
Borja said Dakay's ultimate mission is for Shemberg to become "the world's foremost supplier of all types of carrageenan." At present, the company carries the slogan, "The World's Most Versatile Carrageenan Producer," in most of its advertising materials.
Apart from being honcho of Shemberg, Dakay presently heads the SIAP, an organization of over 30 seaweed processors mostly based in Cebu.
The Benson-led SIAP, realizing that its revenues are propelled by seaweed production at the farmers' level, now seeks to implement a social program for seaweed farmers. The program would involve providing the farmers with social and medical insurance and connect them with government financing institutions for production loans.
"Seaweed is a key to turn poor people into entrepreneurs. It is a high-value aquaculture product that can change the livelihood of marginalized farmers," Borja said.
To help seaweed farmers recoup their losses in the past, Shemberg and SIAP are now joining hands to tap available public funds. For one, the Department of Budget and Management reportedly approved the allocation of P632 million for projects under the Agricultural Competitiveness Enhancement Fund, the safety net established by government to shield the farm and fishery sectors from the effects of trade liberalization.
The association also talks to the Land Bank of the Philippines and Quedan Rural Credit Guarantee Corp. to provide loans payable in 12 months to seaweed farmers and traders. The initial target was to provide a loan of almost P550 million to 23,880 families or P23,000 a farmer this year alone.
In its commodity road map, SIAP hopes to explore additional 205,194 hectares for seaweed farming on top of the existing 43,306 hectares. Borja said Shemberg and SIAP seek to bridge the farmers' lack of access to technology, financing and market for the seaweed farming.
Borja said the goal is not far-fetched considering the robust performance of the seaweed sector in 2003. The number of families who directly or indirectly benefited from the industry went up from 108,265 families in 2001 to 116,084 families in 2003. At the same time, the total value of seaweed exports climbed from $131.625 million to $141.135 million over the same period.
Dakay said Shemberg is committed to uplift the quality of life of both seaweed farmers and consumers. The company, he added, will ensure the quality of its products for the customers' ultimate satisfaction and honor its commitment to protect the marine environment which, according to him, is the source of the company's existence in the first place.
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Scythe was not the board game I expected it to be. With its striking 1920's era art and mech-minis I was going into this game thinking it was a highly strategic war game and not really my jam, but I was happily wrong. Scythe is an area influence game with engine-building elements and I adore it. Ever since they announced the digital version of the game, Stonemaier Games and Asmodee Digital have kept us in suspense and now the wait is over!
Yesterday the long-awaited Scythe Digital left Steam Early Access. You can now pick up the full version on Steam (PC/Mac) for $19.99. Developed by The Knights of Unity, Scythe Digital maintains the original look of the board game complete with the farm equipment turned mechs minis and the amazing artwork by Jakub Rozalski.
In Scythe's narrative, after a devastating war, several factions are eager to rise up and claim the power to rule over Eastern Europa. Players must gather resources, build up their territories, recruit citizens, and make choices within the narrative to earn the victory points they need to win the game. With Scythe Digital you can play against your friends or two different levels of AI. The game also allows you to choose a specialty to change up your strategy: Agriculturalist, Industrialist, Engineer, Patriot or Mechanic.
New languages supported: Japanese, Traditional and Simplified Chinese, Brazilian Portuguese, and Russian.
For more info head on over to Asmodee Digital's website of the Scythe Steam page!


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Texas authorities charge teacher with sex offenses
On behalf of Law Offices of Anthony B. Cantrell | Mar 24, 2015 | Uncategorized
Crimes in which minors are the victims are taken seriously by Texas authorities, and, in some instances, the news of a suspected incident may spread quickly throughout a community. While the extra care that police appear to give to crimes against minors is most likely a comfort for many who are following a story, it can sometimes create an unfair presumption of guilt against the accused. A local case that involves a teacher now charged with sex offenses is a reminder of the importance of the presumption of innocence.
The teacher has been accused of engaging in an inappropriate relationship with a 15-year-old student in April 2014. At the time, the teacher was 23 years old. These accusations came to light after a resource officer at the school somehow received information about the alleged relationship. In turn, the proper authorities were notified, and an arrest warrant was issued.
Police claim that the woman admitted that she had an inappropriate relationship with her student, including kissing. At one point, she apparently also said that she let the boy touch her. The police later interviewed the student who is said to have confirmed the story.
Following the interview, the teacher was arrested and was still being held on $10,000 bond at the time of the report. Other Texas residents who find themselves facing similar charges may find it beneficial to begin working on their defense strategies even when the investigations into their sex offenses are in the early stages. When considering how serious the possible consequences are for convictions on these types of charges, handling defense-related decisions in a timely manner can help defendants form the most solid legal foundations possible.
Source: wfaa.com, "Irving teacher arrested for improper relationship with student", March 19, 2015
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The book of Genesis tells us that God created man in His own image, forming man from the dust of the earth and breathing into his nostrils the breath of life (Genesis 1:26-27; 2:7).
The fact that God made man in his image and likeness delineates the most fundamental difference between humans and other creatures. All other distinguishing characteristics between man and the animal world fall within its broad spectrum.
The image of God imparts special meaning, harmony, intelligence and design to human life. To be human is to be created in the image of God. This is the certain testimony of the Bible!
Three scriptures in the book of Genesis refer to our being created in the image of God (Genesis 1:26-27 Genesis 1:26-27 26 And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth. 27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
American King James Version×; Genesis 9:6 Genesis 9:6Whoever sheds man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man.
American King James Version×). As we will see, they show that the "image of God" is of crucial importance to the grand purpose of humanity on planet earth. They are not just statements of historical fact; they point directly to mankind's awesome destiny.
We begin our formal study with an overview of this intriguing subject.
What does the first chapter of Genesis teach us about the image of God?
"Then God said, 'Let us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness ; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth…" (Genesis 1:26 Genesis 1:26And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.
Man stands apart from all other living creatures because of his relationship to God. The flora and fauna had already been created when God brought man onto the scene. Man was the crown of the physical creation and was designed to rule over it. Of all that God created, only man was made in God's image and likeness.
Man, of course, by no means possesses all the powers, characteristics and attributes of the great Creator God. Nevertheless, we have been created as much as is physically possible in God's own image and likeness.
Throughout the Bible the relationship of God to man is represented as that of a father to his children. And children usually have a strong resemblance to their parents. The author of Hebrews explains our relationship to God: "For both He who sanctifies [Christ] and those who are being sanctified [Christians] are all of one [Father], for which reason He [Christ] is not ashamed to call them brethren, saying: 'I will declare Your name to My brethren; in the midst of the assembly I will sing praise to You.' And again: 'I will put My trust in Him.' And again: 'Here am I and the children whom God has given Me' " (Hebrews 2:11-13 Hebrews 2:11-13 11 For both he that sanctifies and they who are sanctified are all of one: for which cause he is not ashamed to call them brothers, 12 Saying, I will declare your name to my brothers, in the middle of the church will I sing praise to you. 13 And again, I will put my trust in him. And again, Behold I and the children which God has given me.
The verses quoted above also express and envision God's remarkable purpose for humankind. The message of the Bible shows that God created man with a mind capable of communicating with God and thinking like He thinks. And God wants us to be even more like Him—both in character and, ultimately, in composition. Our destiny is to be like Jesus Christ now is as the glorified Son of God (1 John 3:2 1 John 3:2Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it does not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is.
Are both sexes included in God's grand purpose for humankind?
"So God created man in His own image; the image of God He created him; male and female He created them" (Genesis 1:27 Genesis 1:27So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
American King James Version×; compare Genesis 5:1-2 Genesis 5:1-2 1 This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day that God created man, in the likeness of God made he him; 2 Male and female created he them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the day when they were created.
In verse 27 the Hebrew word for "man," etadam (including the accusative particle et ), is a collective noun meaning humanity or the race as a whole—not just the proper name of Adam, who was the first man (1 Corinthians 15:45 1 Corinthians 15:45And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit.
American King James Version×). So the image of God applies both individually and collectively. Each person, male and female, is made in God's image, as is the human race as a whole.
Is this weighty account in Genesis 1 repeated at a key juncture in early human history?
"This is the book of the genealogy [generations, KJV] of Adam. In the day that God created man, He made him in the likeness of God. He created them male and female, and blessed them and called them Mankind in the day that they were created" (Genesis 5:1-2 Genesis 5:1-2 1 This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day that God created man, in the likeness of God made he him; 2 Male and female created he them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the day when they were created.
After the original description of the creation of mankind in the Garden of Eden, we are again reminded of our uniqueness at the beginning of a new epoch in human history.
Are human beings once again told of their creation in the Bible's first book?
"Whoever sheds man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed; for in the image of God He made man" (Genesis 9:6 Genesis 9:6Whoever sheds man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man.
A person created in God's image is so precious in our Creator's sight that anyone who would deliberately and maliciously take another's life could himself be facing the death penalty from his peers. This final reminder in Genesis is positioned just after the time of Noah's flood—another benchmark in history. All three accounts of this essential theme in the human story of God's creation of us in His own image appear in the immediate context of human reproduction. Two appear directly before a command "to be fruitful and multiply," and the third appears at the head of the first genealogical record. This reproductive relationship has some important spiritual implications in terms of God's ultimate plan and purpose for mankind.
Does the Bible also mention the two words image and likeness in connection with the normal reproduction of a human being?
The Bible interprets the Bible. The context (Genesis 5:1-2 Genesis 5:1-2 1 This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day that God created man, in the likeness of God made he him; 2 Male and female created he them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the day when they were created.
American King James Version×) mentions God making men and women in His own likeness. Does this passage give us an important indication as to what our Creator intends by the expression "the image of God"? Just as our Creator made humans in His image and likeness (Genesis 1:26-27 Genesis 1:26-27 26 And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth. 27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
American King James Version×), so did Adam have a son, Seth, who was in Adam's image and likeness (the same Hebrew words are used in both passages). As The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible observes: "Man's resemblance to God is analogous to Seth's resemblance to his father Adam. This makes it certain that physical resemblance must not be excluded" (p. 683).
In other words, just as children resemble their human parents, so do all humans resemble our Creator. Although God is spirit (John 4:24 John 4:24God is a Spirit: and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth.
American King James Version×) rather than a physical being, all humans bear a physical resemblance to Him. He actually showed Moses His back in His glorified form (Exodus 33:18-23 Exodus 33:18-23 18 And he said, I beseech you, show me your glory. 19 And he said, I will make all my goodness pass before you, and I will proclaim the name of the LORD before you; and will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy. 20 And he said, You can not see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live. 21 And the LORD said, Behold, there is a place by me, and you shall stand on a rock: 22 And it shall come to pass, while my glory passes by, that I will put you in a cleft of the rock, and will cover you with my hand while I pass by: 23 And I will take away my hand, and you shall see my back parts: but my face shall not be seen.
American King James Version×). In regard to such physical resemblance, it is noteworthy that Jesus Christ appeared in human form and shape to His disciples after the resurrection. In the Transfiguration account (Matthew 17:1-9 Matthew 17:1-9 1 And after six days Jesus takes Peter, James, and John his brother, and brings them up into an high mountain apart, 2 And was transfigured before them: and his face did shine as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light. 3 And, behold, there appeared to them Moses and Elias talking with him. 4 Then answered Peter, and said to Jesus, Lord, it is good for us to be here: if you will, let us make here three tabernacles; one for you, and one for Moses, and one for Elias. 5 While he yet spoke, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them: and behold a voice out of the cloud, which said, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; hear you him. 6 And when the disciples heard it, they fell on their face, and were sore afraid. 7 And Jesus came and touched them, and said, Arise, and be not afraid. 8 And when they had lifted up their eyes, they saw no man, save Jesus only. 9 And as they came down from the mountain, Jesus charged them, saying, Tell the vision to no man, until the Son of man be risen again from the dead.
American King James Version×), Jesus also appeared in the same glorified form to Peter, James and John.
When God appeared in vision to the biblical prophets they described Him in human form. Certainly man has been physically designed to be as much like God as it is possible for a physical being to be made in the image and likeness of the awesome spirit being that God is. In this lesson we will also discover that there are other ways we humans are intended to become like our Creator, and why.


The Blood Center Foundation of the Inland Northwest provides education, research and technology grants for blood banking, transfusion and transplantation medicine. Certified 501(c)(3) organizations are encouraged to apply. Applicants must operate within our eastern Washington and north Idaho service territory.
Please submit your inquiry of interest on the right. Once pre-qualified, an application will be made available. All applications are carefully screened and evaluated by the Blood Center Foundation Board of Directors.
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Call of Duty Black Ops 3 Dev: Shadow Of Evil Is 'The Biggest Zombies Map We've Ever Done'
The noir zombie mode has players shooting the undead in a wide variety of different settings.
Posted By Oliver VanDervoort | On 25th, Oct. 2015 Under News
One of the most exciting things for most fans of Call of Duty: Black Ops 3 is that there is going to be a rather impressive zombie mode included in the game. Zombies have been a staple of what the Black Ops series brings to the table. With Black Ops 3, however Treyarch believes it has managed to offer something even bigger and better and badder. The new zombie mode kicks off with the name Shadow Of Evil.
Treyarch sat down with GamesRadar+ and talked about this new mode and what they have planned moving forward. It's the biggest Zombies map we've ever done," enthused producer Jason Blundell. "It's large in terms of complexity, but also in verticality – there are so many ways to move around the city. Canals, scaffolding… there's even a tram transit system". The undead are said to be marching through the city, which means players will be taking them on in a number of different settings, such as strip clubs and a magician's workshop.
Not only is the map going to be that much bigger for this mode, but there are going to be features that haven't popped up in other Black Ops games. This title will include the ability to craft weapons using the detritus that is laying around the battlefield. The big zombie mode is just the latest piece of good news for a game that is also said to be offering plenty in its season pass and goodies for veterans of the series. Combined, this information is getting people pretty excited. Those same people won't have to wait long as Call of Duty: Black Ops 3 is due out on November 6, 2015.
Tagged With: activision, Call of Duty: Black Ops 3, pc, ps4, Treyarch, Xbox One
Publisher: Activision
Platforms: PS3, PS4, Xbox 360, Xbox One, PC
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