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In the Southern counties, where the underling strata are chalk and limestone, there are numerous streams whose upper courses are dry in summer and have water in them only in winter. In Dorset there are two streams called Winterborne, in Wiltshire three, in Berkshire one, and in Sussex one. In these counties there are also many streams which have water flowing in them in winter and not in summer, but which have not the word winter connected with their name. Why a few should have this and many others not have it has not been explained. There are also villages called Winterborne on the streams of the same name. In view of the fact that there is a winter flow of water in many streams not called by the same winter, the popular explanation of the origin of the name Winterborne may not be the correct one. The names are old, the earliest references to a place or district so called in Dorset being A. D. 943 and 949.(1) The possibility that they have been derived from a tribal name must be considered.
The evidence already stated shows that the earliest settlers in Hampshire could not have been all of one race, and that there were in that county very considerable settlements of Goths and other Scandinavians. There are also traces to be found in parts of Dorset and Wiltshire of early colonies of people of more than one race, and of later settlements of Northmen. Such old place-names in Dorset as Godmaneston,(2) Goderiston,(3) and Goderthorn Hundred,(3) points to settlers who were Goths, as also does the custom of partible inheritance of the Kentish type among sons, and failing sons, among daughters, that survived at Wareham and Portland. The dialects spoken by the northern people, whether Goths, Danes, Norse, or Swedes, were some form of the old Norrena,(4) and we may consider it certain of any of these races in Dorset and Wilts they would not call them Wends, but by the name by which they were known in their own language-viz, Windr, Winthr, or Wintr.
There is ancient evidence that Scandinavians used the word Winthr or Windr for Wends. The words of an old writer on early Northern history on this subject are : `Wandali quos nos matrena lingua vocamus Windr.`(5) Another northern writer mentions the Western Slavs as `Slavi occidentals, or Vestr Vinthr,` and the Eastern Slavs as the `Slavi orientales, or Austr Vinthr.`(6)
For this explanation of the origin of the Winter place-names in these counties to be probable, or even possible, it is necessary to prove the settlement in them of people who spoke a Norrena dialect. The ancient topographical names, some of which are now lost, in both these counties supply this proof.
In Dorset we find Swanage, Purbeck, Shapwick, Ore, Witherston, Butterwike, Wichampton, East Holm, West Holm, Byrport (now Bridport), Candel, (which maybe compared with Candleshoe Wapentake in Lincolnshire), Ringstede, Farnham, Gillingham, Grimston, Swindun, and other names which can be most satisfactorily accounted for by the Northern dialects. The name Rollestone Barrow, on the border of Wilts and Dorset, near to the dyke known by the Scandinavian name Grimsditch, points to the same conclusion.
In Wiltshire we find Burdorp and Salthorpe near Swindon, East Thorp and West Thorp on either side of Highworth, Ramsbury (with the old Estthropp and Westhorpp(7) on either side of it), Rollestone, Buttermere, Normanton, Maniford, Burbage, Scandeburn, Grimstede, Hardicote, ulfcote, and others, clearly denoting settlement of Norrena-speaking people. In the north of the county also is a circle of stones round an old burial-place near Winterborne-Basset, and the Kennet long barrow, very similar to those of Scandinavia. The barrow at Kennet so closely resembles that in which one of the Danish Kings is by tradition said to have been buried at Lethra in Zealand that Fergussan tells us the age of the one must be the age of the other.(8) Similarly, in Berkshire we find places with old Scandinavian names around Winterbourne.
In Dorset we also find proof of a large Scandinavian settlement in the Danish money computation mentioned in the Domesday Book at Dorchester, Wareham, Bridport, and Shaftsbury, and at Ringwood, near its border.
When did this settlement take place ? History is silent in reference to it, but the proof is clear that some Scandinavians did settle in all the counties of Wessex. Some of these maybe accounted for by Goths and other Northern settlers among the early Gewissas. A large number probably settled in Wessex after the wars of Ethelred I, and his brother Alfred. It is certain that a considerable proportion of the fighting men of the old counties of Wessex had become exterminated before the peace between Alfred and Guthrum, and they were probably succeeded in many localities by colonists of Scandinavian descent. History is silent for the most part concerning the Anglian and Danish settlements in Lincolnshire and Norfolk, but these settlements cannot be doubted, nor can the settlements of Goths and Northmen in Wessex, either among the original Gewissas or after the Danish wars of the ninth and tenth centuries. In any district in which Scandinavian freemen were settled at a subsequent date to that of the original settlers some changes in land tenure and in the customs of inheritance would be likely to follow, as well as a change in some of the local names, which may account for the disappearance here and there of some very early customs.
In Dorset the Domesday names Windresorie and Windelha occur, and the old names Windleshor` Hundred and Windregledy also are known. These apparently refer to men who are Vandals, or Windr, as they would be called by Scandinavian Goths and others who spoke some dialect of the old Northern tongue.
This old name Windr for Wends used by the Northern nations is a link in the chain of evidence by which Wendish settlements maybe traced in our country. The name Winter in place-names occurs most frequently in Dorset, but also in Wiltshire and some other counties. It is chiefly attached to the word bourn, but by no means exclusively, the place-names Winterstoke, Winterhead (anciently Wintret), and Winterburge, being known in the southern counties ; also Wintrinton in Dorset, Wintringham in Huntingdonshire, Wintrington in Lincolnshire, and Winterset in Yorkshire.
The name Windresorie for the place now called Broad Windsor in Dorset had its origin apparently under similar circumstances to those which gave rise to the name Windlesore, now Windsor in Berkshire. Among other early Dorset names maybe connected with people known as Windr are Windrede-dic or Windryth-dic, a boundary ditch near Shaftsbury, and Windaerlaeh maed, near the river Avon, on the Hampshire border, which are mentioned in Anglo-Saxon charters.(9) These cannot refer to winter, the season.
The connection of the name of tribal people with the name of the stream flowing through their territory is an old custom of topographical nomenclature. In the northern parts of Germany we find many old examples of this. Among the instances(10) are the Stur River and Stormari, or Stormer people in the south of Holstein ; the Hasa River and the Hassi tribe near Osnaburg ; the Havel River and the Havelli, or men of Havel, in Brandenburg, mentioned by King Alfred ; the Suala River and the Swalfelda people ; the Ambra or Emmer River (now the Ems), and the Ambrones or Emisga tribe ; the Meisse and the people of Meissen in Wendish Saxony ; the Warinna River and the Werini or Waring tribe ; the Wandalus River or Waal, and the Vandals who settled in Holland ; the Hunse river and the Hunsing people of Friesland ; the Hunte River and the Huntanga tribe, also in ancient Frisia.
Similarly, in England in Anglo-#saxon time we find the Wiley and the Wilsaete, the Meon and the Meonwara, the Arrow and the Areosatna in Warwickshire ; the Collingbourn(11) and the Collinga people in the east of Wiltshire. Further instances of the same kind maybe traced in the Old English river-names Swanburne,(12) Honeyburn,(13) Broxbourn, Ingelbourn,(14) Coquet, and others.
With this evidence before us, both from ancient Germany and England during the Anglo-Saxon period, the probability that the streams called Winterborne may have been named after people called Wintr living on the banks is strong.
In Dorset the traces of Scandinavian and Wendish settlements abound, especially in the valley of the ancient Stur. This is a Northern name, a well-known example of it being that of Snorri Sturluson, the earliest Icelandic author. If we consider the names of the streams which are feeders of the Stour, and the names of places along the course of that river and its tributaries, we may recognise the Scandinavian origin of nearly all of them. The Cale, the two Loddons or Liddons, and the Winterborne, are tributaries, while there are two places named Stourton, three places named Stour, and two named Sturminster. The name Stur is also siginificant in another way. There was a river Stor which was one of the boundaries of Stormaria, north-east of Hamburg, and that was a Wendish tribal district. This leaves little room for doubt concerning the Scandian or Wendish origin of some of the place-names in the valley of the Dorset river. Gilling is a name connected with Norse Mythology, and occurs in the Dorset name Gillingham.
With this evidence before us, it is not surprising to find a Norse name used for the Wendish people settled on the western side of the Stour valley. It would have been strange, supposing such people had been settled there, if they had been called by another name than the Scandinavian name of their tribe,viz., Winthr or Windr.
The use of the patronymic termination –ing in such names as Wintringa-tun(15) or Wintrington in Lincolnshire, and Wintrington in Dorset,(16)are clearly cases in which Wintr must have been used in a personal sense, as the name for the head of a family or clan. Similarly, -inga in Wintringa-tun denotes the descendants of a Wintr. In such instances the name can have no reference to winter, the season. There were other Wintr place-names in Dorset and Wilts in the Saxon period which have no reference to bourns : Winterburge geat,(17) Wilts ; Windresorie, Windelha, Windestorte, Winfrode, and Winlande-all Domesday names. The name Windelha(18) clearly refers to a place that was named after a man called Windel at the time of its settlement. If, therefore, there were some places in Dorset called Wintr, Windr, or Windel after Wends, it is very probable that other Wintr place-names in this and other counties had a similar origin. In the West Riding of Yorkshire the old name Winterset(19) survived at a later period, and this may originally have denoted the settlement of Wends.
The name Winthr for Vandals, which was used by the Northern Goths and other Scandinavians in the sixth century, may have partly lost its significance as the dialects become blended into one speech. There is linguistic evidence of a great commingling of nations in the body of the English settlers.(20) The Anglo-Saxon, in its obscure etymology, its confused and imperfect inflections, and its anomalous and irregular syntax, furnishes an abundant proof of diversity of origin. It has the characteristics of a mixed and ill-assimilated speech, and its relations to the various ingredients of which it is composed are just those of the present English and its own heterogeneous system. It borrowed roots and dropped endings, and appropriated syntactical combinations without the inflections which made them logical.(21) There is no proof that Old English was ever spoken anywhere but on the soil of Great Britain.(22) The language grew as the tribal people who formed the settlers became fused. Anyone who will compare the oldest remnant of Anglo-Saxon poetry now extant, a few lines of Caedmon, and the same lines as they were modernised by King Alfred in his Old English version of Bede about 200 years after Caedmon`s time, will have no doubt about the changes which time brought in the dialects and language of the Old English people. In this development, the Northern name Windr or Winthr for atribe may have lost its original meaning, and have been confused with that of winter, the season ; and there are other instances of names having a tribal origin, which subsequently had meanings attached to them which were foreign from there original ones.
The name Winterborne appears to have been used at first for considerable districts in Dorset and Wilts that were subsequently divided into manors. It is worth noting also that one of the manors called Wintreburne in Wiltshire was held at the time of the Domesday Survey by Godescal,(23) a man of the same name and perhaps a descendant of Godescale the Wendish Prince, who was a notable person in England in the name of King Cnut, and who had married that king`s daughter. To the Norrena-speaking people this Wendish Godescale was a Vintr.
Another fact which supports the evidence of Norrena-speaking settlers at an early date in Dorset is the name Thornsaeta for the people of that district, corresponding to the Wilsaeta and Sumersaeta. This name Thornsaeta is mentioned by Asser in his life of Alfred, is repeated in some charters, and passed into Dornsaeta or Dorsaeta. As the word thorn is the name of one of the old Northern runes, it must have been familiar to the people whose name was connected with it. The inventers of the runes were certainly the Northern Goths, and the circumstance of the use of such a name supports the evidence of a settlement of Goths in parts of Dorset.
It is certain that during the later Saxon period Wends were connected with Dorset, for there is documentary evidence to that effect. In a charter dated 1033 King Cnut gave land at Horton in Dorset to one of his Huscarls,(24) and, as is well known, these were originally a force of Wends. This was presumably a case in which Cnut, who was also King of Wendland, rewarded one of his Wendish subjects. Domesday Book tells us of payments from the boroughs of Dorchester, Bridport, Wareham, and Shaftsbury, which were annually made to the Huscarls as late as King Edward`s time. The Domesday record also tells us of a place in Dorset named Hafeltone.(25) This is of some weight, for it is difficult to see how such a name arose except from the settlement of a man so named because he was a man of the Wilte tribe, or men of Havel, mentioned by King Alfred.
The old name Ruanbergh, which occurs in a charter of king Alfred,(26) also refers to an early settlement of Rugians, or people of a Wendish or Slavic descent, in Dorset. The similar name Ruwanbeorg survived in Wiltshire in the later Saxon period, and gave its name to the hundred of Rughe`berg in later centuries.
Among ancient names in Dorset that are probably of Wendish origin are Cranborne, Trent and Tarent, Luseberg and Launston. Crane, the name of a stream, and Cranborne, a boundary place-name, maybe compared with the Slavic name Ukraine, form crain, a limit. Trent, a place-name in Rugen Isle, occurs also in the old Slavic
Part of Tyrol. Luseberg, an ancient hundred name, reminds us of the Wendish tribe Lusitzes, and Launston maybe compared with the Wendish Lauenberg. It is remarkable that in Germany the Trent name is only found where Slavic influence prevailed, and in England where Wendish settlers maybe traced. Among names of old places in Wiltshire of similar origin are Semeleah, on the river Sem ; Wilgi, a Domesday place ; Launton, now Lavington ; and the Ruan or Rughen names. There is a river Sem in the Ukraine. Launton was on the border of the hundred called in the Saxon charters Ruwanbeorg, and in later records Rughe`berg, which names correspond closely with those used in the old Germanic records to denote the Wendish people in Rugen.
As already pointed out, the name Wintr in Anglo-Saxon records is used in some instances fro persons.(27) Wintra was an abbot in Wessex in A. D. 704. Another Wintra was a monk at Abingdon in 699, and a third so named was abbot of Tisbury in Wiltshire in 750. Wintred also was the name of several monks who are recorded in the late Saxon period, and Wintre was apparently the name of the head of a family who gave his name to the place called Wintreshleaw, now Winterslow , in Wiltshire.
The personal name Wintre was not confined to England, one who was so called having been physician to Charles the Great. It can also be traced in the form Wynther among people of Norse descent in the Shetland Isles(28) as late as the sixteenth century, and in England it can be traced from the Saxon age into the later mediaeval period.
A considerable area in Dorset in the latter part of the Saxon period was held like the land in the Isle of Wight and the New Forest district, much of which, Domesday Book tells us, had been held collectively or in parage in the time of King Edward. At Wey, the Domesday Wai, there were three manors, which in the time of the last Saxon King were held collectively by nine, eight, and five thanes-a total of twenty-two landholders in parage in this place alone. At Hame the manor had been held by five thanes, at Ringstede by four, at Pourtone by eight, at Celvedune by nine, at Mapledre by seven, at Derwinston by five, at Horcerde by four, and at a place not named there were five hides held collectively by eleven thanes. At a place called Goda the land had been held by three thanes, and the other places in which it had been held by brothers or by parceners are somewhat numerous. This system of land tenure, identical with that in the Jutish part of the south of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, points to a connection in custom and probably in race between some of the original settlers in Dorset and the Goths and Jutes of the adjoining county.
One of the most remarkable peculiarities which any English county shows in Domesday Book is exhibited by Wiltshire in reference to those of its inhabitants who were called `coscets.` these were evidently inferior tenants of the cottar class, but they were differentiated from the cottars. On some manors in Wiltshire there were at the time of the Survey both coscets and cottars, so that there can be no doubt that these coscets were different in some respects from the cottars. With the exception of five coscets who are mentioned in the Shropshire Survey, all the others enumerated are found in Wiltshire, Dorset, Somerset, and Devon. The numbers mentioned in these counties are, according to Sharon Turner`s calculation : Wiltshire, 1,385 ; Dorset, 146 ; Somerset, 43 ; and Devon, 32 ; in addition to the 5 found in Shropshire.(29) Jones, in his book on the Domesday of Wiltshire, makes the total number rather larger than Turner, but substantially the two enumerations agree. Jones says : `There are in the whole of Domesday but 1,750 registered, and of these more than 1,400 are found in Wiltshire portion of the record.`(30) It is to noted that, with exception of the five mentioned in Shropshire, all these coscets are recorded in the survey of counties which were occupied by Gewissas at the time of the settlement, and even in Shropshire after the conquest by Ceawlin some may have migrated to that county. It is clear that Wiltshire was the home of the English coscets, and those found in neighbouring counties can easily be accounted for by their proximity to Wiltshire, and the migration of some of their descendants.
The existence in Wiltshire of two classes of inferior tenants of the cottar kind as late as the time of the Domesday Survey is a remarkable fact. The existence of both cottars and coscets in large numbers in Wiltshire-coscets alone being on some manors, cottars alone on some, and both classes on some other manors-points unmistakably to a peculiarity in the customs of Saxon Wiltshire distinct from those which prevailed in other counties. This sharp distinction must have arisen from some ancient cause, and it is very difficult to see what it could have been except the attachment of people of different tribes to the immemorial customs of their race. If this is the explanation, the question arises whether we can identify any of these ancient Wiltshire people by their peculiar customary designations of coscets and cottars. The name coscet is spelt in Domesday Book in four ways-viz., coscets coscez, cozets, and cozez.(31) The spelling is of little importance, the sound of the word is the same in each case. In Lower Saxony, near the old Wendish country, there exist, or have existed until modern time, tenants of a cottar kind who are, or were, known by the names kater, kotter, kotsass, and kossat, and these have been identified as the representatives of the cottars and coscets of our Domesday Survey.(32)
Those Wends who were known by the tribal name Wilte, or men of Havel, and were located partly on the right bank of the Elbe below Magdeburg, could easily have sailed to England direct from their own territory. The evidence of the settlement of people of a non-Teutonic race with others in early Wessex is of a cumulative kind ; anyone part of it maybe inconclusive, but the whole evidence proves the case. There is a statement of Bede that Rugians were one of the tribes from which the English of his time were known to have been descended. There are the old Rugian place-names in Hants, Wilts, and Dorset of the Saxon period. There is also the fact that as far back as historical references to Rugen and its people extend, or to the tribes on the coasts of Mecklenburg and Pomerania, they are found to be Wends and of Slavonic descent. Again, there is the historical name Gewissae or Gewissas for the tribal settlers of Wessex, and the manifest interpretation of this name as confederates. There is, next, the settlement of Jutes in the Isle of Wight and South Hampshire, and the identification of these as Goths by the statement of Asser, and the discovery of a runic inscription on a relic found in the Isle of Wight. The alliance of Goths with Vandals, so potent elsewhere in Europe, could scarcely have been altogether absent in England, and particularly in Dorset and Wilts, where Vandal place-names survive. As the Northern Goths spoke a dialect of the Northern tongue, and had a custom of partible inheritance, we might expect to find traces of their Northern speech and of their custom of inheritance we find unmistakable traces.
The settlement of some parts of Wiltshire by people of the Wilte tribe from the south of the Baltic or the right bank of the Elbe does not appear to be unlikely. Schafarik, a great authority on Slavonic antiquities, connects our English Wiltshire with this Slavonic tribe,(33) but some of our own philologists derive the name from Wilton, the town on the river Wiley.(34) The Wiltshire settlers are ,however, mentioned by the name Wilsaete in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the year 801, nearly 200 years before the name Wiltonscire occurs. The name Wilsaete long survived, and is mentioned in Ethelweard`s Chronicle about A. D. 973. The name `Wiltene weie` for the road from Damerham to Wilton is also used in a charter dated 946, and Wiltene, a variant of Wiltene, is the genitive plural of Wilte. Such being the facts, the derivation of the name Wiltshire from Wilton is clearly wrong. In a district that affords other traces of Wendish settlers the Wilts name may have been the irigin of the Wilsaete name, and that of the Anglo-Saxon tribal people, the East Willa and West Willa, whose districts are mentioned in the tribal hidage.(35) The name Wilte Scira occurs in Exon Domesday, and the name Wilsaete was probably at first only that of the settlers in the south of the county.
The traces that survive of a mythological or legendary kind in the counties that formed the early Kingdom of Wessex find their parallels in similar survivals in Rugen and Pomerania. The most remarkable is that of Herhta, or Mother Earth, a goddess with somewhat similar attributes to the Norse Frige and the Saxon Frea.The name Frige survives in that of Freefolk in Hampshire, the Frigefolc of Domesday Book. In Wiltshire the mythological name which can be most clearly traced during the Anglo-Saxon period is that of Hertha.
Latham has pointed out that there is no word beginning with `H` in any German equivalent denoting terra or earth.(36) The name Hertha, although mentioned by Tacitus, appears to have come from another source. Herkja and Herche are among its variants.(37) Hertha is still remembered in the folk-lore of North-Eastern Germany, the old borderland between the Teutonic and Slavonic tribes, where she goes by the name of Frau Harke,(38) the same as our Mother Earth, but in England she has lost her personality. In the old mythology the personified Mother Earth embodied also the attributes of Ceres,(39) and in that capacity Hertha was much honoured in the Wendish parts of Germany. Kine were yoked to her car, and her image was conducted through fields on her annual festival with much solemnity. We find that Hertha as the name for this goddess was used by the people of Rugen and the Baltic countries near it from time immemorial. The survival of the name and the folk-lore connected with it in Rugen and in Pomerania at the present time is important, in reference to the survival of the name in Wiltshire at the present time, and its wider existence in that county in the Anglo-Saxon period. Such a survival strongly supports the other evidence relating to Wiltshire settlers of Wendish descent. The original Wiltseate or Wilte settlers, being at least partly made up of Wends, would naturally bring with them to Wiltshire some of the mythology of Rugen. Adam of Bremen tells us that this island was opposite to part of the country of Wilte. The names Hertha` and Heortha` are found in Domesday Book in three places in Wiltshire, and in one of these Hertham near Chippenham, it still survives.
The Anglo-Saxon name Jerchesfont in Wiltshire is also found in Domesday Book, and leads us to the folk-lore of Hertha still surviving in the island of Rugen and in Pomerania. It brings us to one of the most ancient of legends, the Lady of the Lake. The lady was the goddess Hertha, who is still believed, had her dwelling in the hill in Rugen still known as Herthaberg, which often yet, as people of that island believe, a fair lady comes out of the hill surrounded by her maidens to bathe in the lake at its foot.(40) Similarly, in a wood in Pomerania stands a round hill called castle hill, and at its foot is a small lake. Here, too, the mysterious lady is said to bathe. The home of the Hertha legends, consequently, must be allowed to be Rugen and Pomerania, where her worship has been described by historians and her legends survive more than elsewhere. The old Saxon name Jerchesfont connects her with a legendary bathing-place in one of our Wessex counties. Its modern name is Urchfont, and it is situated in the middle of Wiltshire, near the border of the old hundred of Rugheberg, the Anglo-Saxon Ruwanbeorg. At this old settlement, named after Hertha, there are copious springs, where much water rises, and hence the termination –font in the name. Domesday Book tells us of three Saxon mills driven by this stream, not far from the springs. As copious chalk or green-sand springs never freeze, the water being uniform in temperature, and in winter much above freezing-point, such a pool may well have been associated in the minds of the Wilte settlers with the goddess Hertha.
These old Hertha-names leave little room for doubt that some of the early settlers in Wiltshire were of Wendish extraction, and this conclusion is supported by other mythological names. Piriun and Pyrgean(41) are ancient place-names of the Anglo-Saxon period in this county, but now lost. Perun was the Wendish for the god of thunder, the Scandinvian Thor, and the Frisian or Saxon Thunor, and the place-names derived from both of these exist. The mythological names attached to the prehistoric dykes of Wiltshire, Wansdyke, Grimsdyke, and Bokerly dyke, tell the same story. Wansdyke, the Wodnesdic of the Saxon age, reminds us of Woden, Grimsditch of the Norse Grim, a Northern name for Woden, and Bokerly dyke, abciently Boggele orBoccoli, reminds us of the circumstance that Boge is the name of a deity in every old Slavonic language or dialect. Another old Wendish name for a god was Kirt, or Krodo, which corresponded to Saturn,(42) and the name Croedan hylle, or hill of Creod, near Ruwanbeorg, Wiltshire, is met with in a charter of Egbert, A. D. 825.(43) One of the most remarkable legends of Rugen is that of the black dog which guards the treasure of an old heathen king in that island,(44) and a legend somewhat similar to this survives in that of the black dog at Winchester.
One of the most remarkable of the Celtic survivals during the early part of the Anglo-Saxon period, which can be traced anywhere in England, is that on the east of Somerset and the north-west of Wiltshire, and comprised the country which forms the valley of the Frome and that of the upper part of the Bristol Avon. The name Devizes may indicate the frontier of this British province, which extended from near Wells to Bredon Forest, north-east of Malmesbury. Guest recognises Devises as having been situated on its eastern border, and traces the name to this circumstances.(45) It was a projecting strip of British territory extending northward, that was left under its native rulers for a considerable after the west Saxon King Caewlin had defeated the Britons at Deorham in south Gloucestershire. There must have been a commingling of a race in and near to this district, and ,as Beddoe`s researches show, the result of this racial fusion maybe traced at the present day in the darker complexion of the people in the north-west of Wiltshire.
In Dorset the darker hues of the people that have been observed in the Gillingham district maybe due to descent from settlers of a darker race near the fairer people in the valley of the Stour. They were, no doubt, for the most part of Teutonic origin, but among them were others of the Wendish race who came into Wilts and Dorset among the Gewissas. The evidence of the black-haired Vikings of the ninth century is from contemporary records certain, and as the English place-names denoting settlers of a dark or black complexion are names which were in use in the Saxon period, there appears to be no reason to doubt that there were among the Anglo-Saxon settlers people of a darker race than the fair-haired Angles and Scandians, or the fair-complexioned Saxons and Germans. The anthropological researches of Beddoe and others have, however, shown the survival on a large scale of blondes in Dorset and Wilts. The valley of the Stour as far north as Somerset is marked at the present day by blondes. Some of the Baltic races, such as the Lithuanians, are as fair as Scandinavians. The recorded facts and existing ethnological characters evidently support the conclusion that Wessex was originally occupied by a mixed population.
The difference in the village shapes is of some interest. In the north of Wiltshire the isolated homesteads are more common than in the valleys of the Wiley, Avon, and Nadder, and the isolated homesteads was the Celtic arrangements. The collected homesteads of south Wiltshire maybe compared with those between the Elbe and the Weser-i.e., in the old Saxon country ; and, allowing for variations , also with the collected homesteads east of the Elbe-i.e., in the former Wendish country. The villages of collected homesteads in England had large areas of open common land, including the cultivated fields, and it is of interest to note that, as late as two centuries ago, half the area of Berkshire was open land, and more than half of Wiltshire.(46)
The evidence which the features of the skulls from burial-places supply concerning the introduction of more than one race in Wessex has already been given, and there is further evidence of the same kind supporting the settlement in Dorset of people of Slavonic origin.
Among the skulls in West Saxon graves a small minority are of the broad-headed type, having an average cephalic index of 81, whilst the majority are long-headed, with an index of about 76. The reasons for including that this was due to the introduction of people of a broad-headed race with the Anglo-Saxon settlers, rather than to a fusion of the descendants of the remote Round Barrow men with Saxon immigrants, have already been stated.(47) the further point that skulls from Saxon graves in Wessex shows a tendency to prognathism has been fully dealt with in the chapter on settlers from the Baltic coasts.(48) Fifteen skulls from the Saxon burial-ground at Winklebury, on the border of Wilts and Dorset, which was explored by General Pitt Rivers, were found to present differences in shape, showing that the interments could not have been those of people of homogeneous ethnological characters. Beddoe examined these skulls,(49) and found six to be elliptic, four ovo-elliptic, four ovoid, and one oblong-ovate. Some were thus much broader than the others, and he points out in his report that the skull which he finds to be oblong-ovate is the same as that called Sarmatic by the Continental anthropologist Van Holder. The word Sarmatic was an older name for the Slavic race ; and the Wends who have been shown by other evidence to have settled among other tribal people in Wilts and Dorset, were Slavs.
1Cart. Sax., ii.508, and iii.43.
2Tax. Eccl. P. Nicholai, 179.
3Hutchins, /j., `Hist. Of Dorset,` ii. 205.
4Cleasby and vigfussion, `Icelandic Dict.,` Preface.
5Monumenta Germaniae, Script. Xxix., 250.`Ex Theodrici Hist. De Antiq. Reg. Norwagiensium.`
6Ibid., 319, `Ex. Hist. Reg. Danorum Dicta Knytlinga Saga.`
7Hundred Rolls, ii. 264.
8Fergussn, J., `Rude Stone Monuments,` 284.
9Codex Dipl., Nos. 470, 489, 658.
10Monumenta Germaniae, River-names.
11Codex Dipl., Nos 336 and 358.
12Dom. Bk., 143 b.
13Codex Dipl., Index.
14Cart. Sax., iii. 92-94.
15Codex Dipl., No. 953.
16Ibid., no.361.
17Ibid., No. 436.
18Domesday Book, i .82 b.
19Nomina Villarum, A. D. 1315.
20Marsh, G. P., `Lectures on the English Language,` First series, pp. 42. 43.
22Ibid., 43, and Latham, R. G., `English Language,` 105.
23Domesday Book, 73 b.
24Codex Dipl., No. 1318.
25Dom. Bk., 83
26Codex Dipl., No.319.
27Searle, W. G, `Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum.`
28Proceedings soc. Antiq., xxv. 189.
29Sharon Turner, `Hist. Of the Anglo-Saxons,` ed. 1852. iii. 219-224.
30Jones, W. H., `Domesday of Wiltshire,` Introd., xix. And p. 201.
31Domesday Book, General Introd., xxxi.
32Woodward and Wilks, `History of Hampshire,` 335, quoting Garnet.
33Morfill, W. R., `Slavonic literature,`p. 3.
35Cart. Sax., i. 416.
36Latham, R. G., `the Germania of Tacitus,` notes, p. 145.
37Grimm, J., `Teutonic Mythology,` translated by Stallybrass,
39Ibid., ii. 45.
40Hartland, E. S., `The Science of Fairy Tales,` p. 71.
41Codex Dipl., Nos. 1263, 460, 479.
42Grimm, `Teutonic Mythology,` i. 249.
44Hartland, E. S., `The Science of Fairy Tales,` p. 236.
45Journal Archaeol. Inst., xvi. 116.
46Maine, Sir H., `Village Communities in the East and West,` pp. 88, 89.
47Chap. VII., p. 117.
48Chap. VIII., p. 129.
49Journal Anthrop. Inst., xix.5.
Taken from the book = `Origin of the Anglo-Saxon race.`
Author T. W. Shore.
Calendar 2011 Collectable


text:
Valiant Marks The Biggest Release Dates of 2017 with "X-O MANOWAR WEDNESDAYS" and the X-O MANOWAR 2017 CALENDAR!
News, Press Release, Valiant Central
Valiant Sets Release Date for Every Issue of X-O MANOWAR in 2017 Ahead of Launch with Retailer Promotional Calendar
Valiant is proud to announce that, beginning on March 22nd with the release of the all-new X-O MANOWAR #1, the fourth Wednesday of every month will officially be "X-O MANOWAR WEDNESDAY" – a consistent, monthly on-sale date that will include the latest issue of X-O MANOWAR alongside a brand-new launch title, jumping-on point, or key issue arriving from the best-reviewed publisher in comics! Across each and every fourth Wednesday in 2017, Valiant will now be giving fans at least two reasons to visit their local comic shop – beginning with the most important title of the year, X-O MANOWAR #1, arriving in stores on March 22nd right next to BLOODSHOT REBORN #0!
To support this unprecedented move and to reiterate Valiant's commitment to building X-O MANOWAR's brutal new beginning across 2017, Valiant is giving fans and retailers the tools they need to never miss an "X-O MANOWAR WEDNESDAY" with the X-O MANOWAR 2017 CALENDAR – coming free to all participating retailers in the United States, Canada, and Europe! Marking the release date to every issue of X-O MANOWAR in 2017, this one-of-a-kind calendar comes complete with reminders highlighting the Initial Order Deadline (IOD), Final Order Cut-Off (FOC), and "X-O MANOWAR WEDNESDAY" for the first year of X-O MANOWAR – the EPIC NEW ONGOING SERIES from New York Times best-selling-writer Matt Kindt (Divinity, Ninjak, Mind MGMT) and a rotating cast of powerhouse artists, including Tomas Giorello (4001 A.D.: War Mother, Bloodshot Reborn), Doug Braithwaite (Armor Hunters, Bloodshot U.S.A.), Clayton Crain (Rai, Carnage), Ryan Bodenheim (The Dying & The Dead), and Mico Suayan (Bloodshot Reborn), spanning the series' first year and beyond!
"We've told fans and retailers in no uncertain terms that the new X-O MANOWAR series may very well be the most vitally important series that we have ever published," said Valiant Publisher Fred Pierce. "Now, we're putting our money where our mouth is – and continuing Valiant's record-setting streak of on-time shipping – by giving retailers a major new tool for promoting the series in their store with 'X–O MANOWAR WEDNESDAY' dates marked on this calendar. At the end of every month, on every fourth Wednesday in 2017, Valiant will be putting a major new release into stores for fans to rally around. And it all starts with X-O MANOWAR #1 on March 22nd. We're extremely confident in the strength of this series with the first 13 issues already in production. Our new 'X-O MANOWAR WEDNESDAYS' are just the latest display of the momentum we're putting behind this series, and just how far our plans for X-O MANOWAR stretch in 2017 and beyond."
Packed with explosive artwork from some of the finest talents in the industry – including Lewis LaRosa (Bloodshot Reborn, Savage), Kenneth Rocafort (The Ultimates), Mico Suayan (Bloodshot Reborn), J.G. Jones (Final Crisis), Kaare Andrews (Astonishing X-Men) and more, the X-O MANOWAR 2017 CALENDAR is a dazzling display item that will attract customers near and far! Retailers hoping to take part in X-O MANOWAR's landmark takeover in 2017 and beyond will be eligible for the X-O MANOWAR 2017 CALENDAR based on their Diamond discount tier. For more information, retailers should contact their Diamond representative or the Valiant sales team (retailers@valiantentertainment.com). The X-O MANOWAR 2017 CALENDAR will also be available for free to all retailers attending this year's ComicsPRO meeting in February.
A stunning new beginning for Valiant's most enduring icon launches into comics everywhere on March 22nd with X-O MANOWAR #1 – part one of "SOLDIER," a punishing, three-issue introduction that will push Aric of Dacia beyond the farthest limits of our galaxy…and into the brutal opening salvo of the ultimate X-O Manowar tale ever told!
Born under the oppressive thumb of the Roman Empire, Aric of Dacia learned warfare at an early age. It was amid such violence that he was abducted by an alien race. Forced into slavery, he survived where others perished. His escape would come from bonding with a weapon of immeasurable power: the X-O Manowar armor. With it, he returned to Earth…only to find himself stranded in the modern day.
But that was a lifetime ago.
Now, far from home on a strange and primitive new world, Aric has begun a new life. Liberated from his past, he tends to his crops. Free from war. Free from violence. Free from the armor.
But the machinery of death marches his way once again. Conscripted into an alien army and thrown into an unforgiving conflict, the fury inside him finds voice as he is forced to embrace the armor once more. With it, he will decimate armies, topple empires and incite interplanetary warfare as he rises from SOLDIER to GENERAL to EMPEROR to VISIGOTH. They wanted a weapon. He will give them war!
In the wake of "SOLDIER"'s staggering assault in issues #1-3, X-O MANOWAR then continues in 2017 and beyond as a superstar cast of Valiant's most acclaimed artistic talents chart Aric's path from SOLDIER to GENERAL to EMPEROR to VISIGOTH for a vicious, year-long journey of bone and bloodshed born from the battlefields of a herculean alien empire:
X-O MANOWAR #1 | "SOLDIER" – PART ONE
MATT KINDT | TOMAS GIORELLO
X-O MANOWAR #4 | "GENERAL" – PART ONE
MATT KINDT | DOUG BRAITHWAITE
X-O MANOWAR #7 | "EMPEROR" – PART ONE
MATT KINDT | CLAYTON CRAIN
X-O MANOWAR #10 | INTERLUDE
MATT KINDT | RYAN BODENHEIM
X-O MANOWAR #11 | "VISIGOTH" – PART ONE
MATT KINDT | MICO SUAYAN
Plus: Valiant is also rewarding fans who reserve copies of X-O MANOWAR's complete opening story arc in advance with their local retailer with the X-O MANOWAR #1-3 PRE-ORDER EDITION BUNDLE!
Available only as a pre-order set, the X-O MANOWAR #1-3 PRE-ORDER EDITIONS must be ordered as a complete bundle at your local comic shop by the initial order date of January 26th, 2017! Released monthly from March through May, featuring exclusive covers by series interior artist Tomas Giorello and clocking in a colossal 48 pages each, every PRE-ORDER EDITION comes packed with trade paperback-style extras and bonus content, including creator commentary, behind-the-scenes looks at the creation of the comics, process character designs and artwork, and first looks at upcoming issues.
The only way to reserve these exclusive copies is by pre-ordering all three issues at your local comic shop by January 26th, 2017. Further copies will not be available beyond that date and subsequent issues will not be offered in later solicitations, so don't miss your chance! Simply copy one of the pre-order coupons included in this month's Previews catalog or in every issue of Valiant's January-shipping comics releases and present it to your local comic shop to reserve your X-O MANOWAR #1-3 PRE-ORDER BUNDLE.
For more information, visit Valiant on Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Instagram, and ValiantUniverse.com.
For Valiant merchandise and more, visit ValiantStore.com.
X-O MANOWAR (2017) #1
Written by MATT KINDT
Art by TOMÁS GIORELLO
Cover A by LEWIS LAROSA (JAN172113)
Cover B by KENNETH ROCAFORT (JAN172114)
Interlocking Variant Cover by MICO SUAYAN (JAN172116)
X-O Manowar Icon Variant by J.G. JONES (JAN172117)
Brushed Metal Variant Cover by MONIKA PALOSZ (JAN172117)
$3.99 | 40 pgs. | T+ | On Sale MARCH 22nd
X-O MANOWAR #1-3 PRE-ORDER EDITION BUNDLE
Art & Covers by TOMAS GIORELLO (JAN172115)
$11.97 [three issues] | 48 pgs. each | T+
X-O MANOWAR #1 PRE-ORDER EDITION | On Sale MARCH 22nd
X-O MANOWAR #2 PRE-ORDER EDITION | On Sale APRIL 26th
X-O MANOWAR #3 PRE-ORDER EDITION | On Sale MAY 24th
TagsClayton CrainDoug BraithwaiteKenneth RocafortLewis LarosaMatt KindtRyan BodenheimTomás GiorelloValiantValiant CentralValiant ComicsValiant EntertainmentX-O Manowar
Advance Review: Herman Melville's Moby Dick
Marvel's Deadliest Denizens Square Off in DEADPOOL ...
Tyler Goulet
Tyler Goulet, owner/founder and editor-in-chief of All-Comic.com, has an addiction to comics that seemingly cannot be sated. Reading everything from Hellboy (his favorite character, series and creator) to Batman to Pluto, and other Manga, and most everything in between, there's not much he can't talk about or won't read. He currently resides in Calgary, Canada with his wife Kayla, his son Finan, a black cat named Hailstorm (yes, like the Transformer) and their always-starving, three legged idiot cat Lemmy. (yes, from Motorhead)
ECCC 2017: Death Comes to Valiant for "MASSACRE" in HARBINGER RENEGADE #5 – Coming in July!
News, Op-ed
A Very Comics Christmas
Valiant Previews: 4001 A.D. #1 (of 4) – On Sale May 4th!
Reviews, Valiant Central, Valiant Comics
Britannia #3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What's with the Tooth Powder?
Have you ever heard of a dentist telling a patient to stop brushing so hard? I think on some level we know that something has to scrub teeth to get them clean, and since tooth paste is so smooth, people take it upon themselves to do the scrubbing. With tooth powder a certain amount of abrasiveness is present in the formula and you can give your tooth brush (and gums) and break.
While tooth powder has ancient roots, modern people are less accustomed to it. Clearly most ingredients used in ancient times were quite abrasive and it was the Persians in 1000 AD who first cautioned against using overly abrasive tooth powders due to concerns about damaging enamel.
Tooth powder, developed by doctors, dentists, and chemists, was introduced into the British market in the 1700's. In the early 1800's a dentist, Dr. Peabody, added soap to tooth powders for extra cleaning power. By the 1850's chalk was added and tooth powder became available as a cream for the first time. In 1873 Colgate was the first to offer commercially available tooth paste that had a pleasant smell and taste. By the end of that century it was available in a tube, similar to what we see today.
Toothpaste as we know it has only been in use in the United States since soldiers who fought in Europe during World War II came home. They had experienced tooth paste while in Europe and developed a liking for it. Now tooth paste is far more common than tooth powder in the US.
Apothecuryous offers two different tooth powders, Activated Charcoal Tooth Powder in several flavors or Pearl's Pride Tooth Powder for sensitive teeth and gums. These tooth powders are free of additives, chemicals, fillers, and by-products that are all too common in conventional oral care options. Apothecuryous is committed to complete transparency and lists all ingredients on labels including their common names.
Home / Blog / What's with the Tooth Powder?


What do we do when our self-care practice doesn't work? I take a bath in Epsom salt once a week, it's my most habitual self-care practice. Bathing essentially allows me to wash away all the toxins from the previous 7 days and emerge with a fresh start. I use the bath as a time to recalibrate my mind and focus on being present and to ready myself for peaceful sleep.
For whatever reason, last night, it just did not work. I did not want to get out of that tub! I did my meditation, I took deep breaths, and I even drank two glasses of a Shiraz. Even still, it took me forever to get it together. I was restless, and it felt like the soaking was useless. I was in the tub blowing bubbles, y'all. I had to ask myself what was going on.
I realized that I had gotten into yet another routine and was maybe not honoring my bathing ritual in the best way possible. I was just going through the motion of taking the bath, maybe not even fully listening to my body/mind/spirit.
So, I checked myself and got present. Not fake present, but the hard kind of present where you have to keep wrestling with your mind to... "just shut up already!" I did what I could and got out of the tub. I still think I reemerged prematurely, but I was hot and ready to eat my wings. Better luck next time?


I may be repeating myself, but there are a few ideas in relation to the play that I may not have fleshed out, and I wanted to get them down now. The process of writing for Immaculate Misconceptions has been very rewarding. The writing and recording process has been very organic, and has allowed me to explore areas that I always knew I could work in, but had just never tried. I am pleasantly surprised by some of the subject matter I was able to touch on in these songs, and how they fit together as a "set". The pantheon for this play has not been nailed down completely yet, but the majority of the songs that I came up with during the writing period do go together.
I'm grateful to Steve for asking me to be involved in this project. I still consider my music to be only a small part of the overall play, and while I am pleased with how it turned out, the experience up to the play is what I will treasure the most.
The general approach was one of throwing stuff at the wall to see if it would stick. In some cases it didn't. But in many cases it did.
I could see my topical writing informed by my rhetorical studies and much more grounded than it used to be. I could also see more room for literary references where perhaps in the past they would seem forced.


This Condo in Salem, MA recently sold for $299,000. This Detached,Garden style home was sold by The Mavroules Team - Atlantic Coast Homes.
Second chances don't come around often! Nothing to do but move right in and spread out in this 2000+sq/ft, 3 story,5 bedroom, 2.5 Bath renovated detached Colonial! This charming home features large rooms with high ceilings, walk in closets, and hardwood and original wide pine floors throughout first and second floors. Spacious and sun-splashed, the eat in kitchen hosts stainless Samsung appliances, granite counters, cherry cabinets, designer glass tile backsplash, and 5 burner gas stove. Formal dining room opens to a bright living room with built-ins and bay window. Second floor hosts master bedroom with en-suite half bath, two generously sized bedrooms, and designer tiled bath. Plus, this home is pet friendly, has parking for 2 cars, a private yard, and full exclusive use walkout basement, perfect for a workshop or future expansion. Convenient location close to shopping and dining, train, Salem State, and all Salem has to offer!
Nothing to do but move right in and spread out in this 2000+sq/ft, 3 story,5 bedroom, 2.5 Bath renovated detached Colonial! This charming home features large rooms with high ceilings, walk in closets, and hardwood and original wide pine floors throughout first and second floors. Spacious and sun-splashed, the eat in kitchen hosts stainless Samsung appliances, granite counters, cherry cabinets, designer glass tile backsplash, and 5 burner gas stove. Formal dining room opens to a bright living room with built-ins and bay window. Second floor hosts master bedroom with en-suite half bath, two generously sized bedrooms, and designer tiled bath. Plus, this home is pet friendly, has parking for 2 cars, a private yard, and full exclusive use walkout basement, perfect for a workshop or future expansion. Convenient location close to shopping and dining, train, Salem State, and all Salem has to offer!


Description: The Superior School for Sea Technology held its third edition of the International Meeting on Marine Resources this year. The School, where Flying Sharks's General Manager João Correia teaches part-time at, has been extremely kind to Flying Sharks over the years. As such, we simply couldn't help ourselves but to wire them 250 euros, with apologies for the amount being so small but money is tight these days!


We were very skeptical about this too, but we place our utmost trust in the pig as he has lead live-evil forward out of many dark days and tough crises. Our pig has consulted with both the astrologer and the feng-shui master and ordered that Death Note be dropped. While most of us are at a loss to comprehend his reasoning, the pig has a proven track record on this sort of thing. So there you have it, Death Note is dropped, and if you have any questions, talk with the pig on Skype. He really wants to try out his new phone (hardware). You can download Skype www.skype.com.


text:
package driver

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"time"

	"github.com/cilium/cilium/api/v1/client/endpoint"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/api/v1/models"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/common/addressing"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/client"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/datapath/link"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/datapath/route"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/endpoint/connector"
	endpointIDPkg "github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/endpoint/id"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/lock"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/logging"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/logging/logfields"

	"github.com/docker/libnetwork/drivers/remote/api"
	lnTypes "github.com/docker/libnetwork/types"
	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
)

var log = logging.DefaultLogger.WithField(logfields.LogSubsys, "cilium-docker-driver")

const (
	// ContainerInterfacePrefix is the container's internal interface name prefix.
	ContainerInterfacePrefix = "cilium"
)

// Driver interface that listens for docker requests.
type Driver interface {
	Listen(string) error
}

type driver struct {
	mutex       lock.RWMutex
	client      *client.Client
	conf        models.DaemonConfigurationStatus
	routes      []api.StaticRoute
	gatewayIPv6 string
	gatewayIPv4 string
}

func endpointID(id string) string {
	return endpointIDPkg.NewID(endpointIDPkg.DockerEndpointPrefix, id)
}

func newLibnetworkRoute(route route.Route) api.StaticRoute {
	rt := api.StaticRoute{
		Destination: route.Prefix.String(),
		RouteType:   lnTypes.CONNECTED,
	}

	if route.Nexthop != nil {
		rt.NextHop = route.Nexthop.String()
		rt.RouteType = lnTypes.NEXTHOP
	}

	return rt
}

// NewDriver creates and returns a new Driver for the given API URL.
// If url is nil then use SockPath provided by CILIUM_SOCK
// or the cilium default SockPath
func NewDriver(url string) (Driver, error) {

	if url == "" {
		url = client.DefaultSockPath()
	}

	scopedLog := log.WithField("url", url)
	c, err := client.NewClient(url)
	if err != nil {
		scopedLog.WithError(err).Fatal("Error while starting cilium-client")
	}

	d := &driver{client: c}

	for tries := 0; tries < 24; tries++ {
		if res, err := c.ConfigGet(); err != nil {
			if tries == 23 {
				scopedLog.WithError(err).Fatal("Unable to connect to cilium daemon")
			} else {
				scopedLog.Info("Waiting for cilium daemon to start up...")
			}
			time.Sleep(time.Duration(tries) * time.Second)
		} else {
			if res.Status.Addressing == nil || res.Status.Addressing.IPV6 == nil {
				scopedLog.Fatal("Invalid addressing information from daemon")
			}

			d.conf = *res.Status
			break
		}
	}

	if err := connector.SufficientAddressing(d.conf.Addressing); err != nil {
		scopedLog.WithError(err).Fatal("Insufficient addressing")
	}

	d.updateRoutes(nil)

	log.Infof("Cilium Docker plugin ready")

	return d, nil
}

func (driver *driver) updateRoutes(addressing *models.NodeAddressing) {
	driver.mutex.Lock()
	defer driver.mutex.Unlock()

	if addressing != nil {
		driver.conf.Addressing = addressing
	}

	driver.routes = []api.StaticRoute{}

	if driver.conf.Addressing.IPV6 != nil {
		if routes, err := connector.IPv6Routes(driver.conf.Addressing, int(driver.conf.RouteMTU)); err != nil {
			log.Fatalf("Unable to generate IPv6 routes: %s", err)
		} else {
			for _, r := range routes {
				driver.routes = append(driver.routes, newLibnetworkRoute(r))
			}
		}

		driver.gatewayIPv6 = connector.IPv6Gateway(driver.conf.Addressing)
	}

	if driver.conf.Addressing.IPV4 != nil {
		if routes, err := connector.IPv4Routes(driver.conf.Addressing, int(driver.conf.RouteMTU)); err != nil {
			log.Fatalf("Unable to generate IPv4 routes: %s", err)
		} else {
			for _, r := range routes {
				driver.routes = append(driver.routes, newLibnetworkRoute(r))
			}
		}

		driver.gatewayIPv4 = connector.IPv4Gateway(driver.conf.Addressing)
	}
}

// Listen listens for docker requests on a particular set of endpoints on the given
// socket path.
func (driver *driver) Listen(socket string) error {
	router := mux.NewRouter()
	router.NotFoundHandler = http.HandlerFunc(notFound)

	handleMethod := func(method string, h http.HandlerFunc) {
		router.Methods("POST").Path(fmt.Sprintf("/%s", method)).HandlerFunc(h)
	}

	handleMethod("Plugin.Activate", driver.handshake)
	handleMethod("NetworkDriver.GetCapabilities", driver.capabilities)
	handleMethod("NetworkDriver.CreateNetwork", driver.createNetwork)
	handleMethod("NetworkDriver.DeleteNetwork", driver.deleteNetwork)
	handleMethod("NetworkDriver.CreateEndpoint", driver.createEndpoint)
	handleMethod("NetworkDriver.DeleteEndpoint", driver.deleteEndpoint)
	handleMethod("NetworkDriver.EndpointOperInfo", driver.infoEndpoint)
	handleMethod("NetworkDriver.Join", driver.joinEndpoint)
	handleMethod("NetworkDriver.Leave", driver.leaveEndpoint)
	handleMethod("IpamDriver.GetCapabilities", driver.ipamCapabilities)
	handleMethod("IpamDriver.GetDefaultAddressSpaces", driver.getDefaultAddressSpaces)
	handleMethod("IpamDriver.RequestPool", driver.requestPool)
	handleMethod("IpamDriver.ReleasePool", driver.releasePool)
	handleMethod("IpamDriver.RequestAddress", driver.requestAddress)
	handleMethod("IpamDriver.ReleaseAddress", driver.releaseAddress)

	listener, err := net.Listen("unix", socket)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return http.Serve(listener, router)
}

func notFound(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	log.WithField(logfields.Object, logfields.Repr(r)).Warn("plugin Not found")
	http.NotFound(w, r)
}

func sendError(w http.ResponseWriter, msg string, code int) {
	log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
		"code": code,
		"msg":  msg,
	}).Error("Sending error")
	http.Error(w, msg, code)
}

func objectResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, obj interface{}) {
	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(obj); err != nil {
		sendError(w, "Could not JSON encode response", http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return
	}
}

func emptyResponse(w http.ResponseWriter) {
	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{})
}

type handshakeResp struct {
	Implements []string
}

func (driver *driver) handshake(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(&handshakeResp{
		[]string{"NetworkDriver", "IpamDriver"},
	})
	if err != nil {
		log.WithError(err).Fatal("handshake encode")
		sendError(w, "encode error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return
	}
	log.Debug("Handshake completed")
}

func (driver *driver) capabilities(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(&api.GetCapabilityResponse{
		Scope: "local",
	})
	if err != nil {
		log.WithError(err).Fatal("capabilities encode")
		sendError(w, "encode error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return
	}
	log.Debug("NetworkDriver capabilities exchange complete")
}

func (driver *driver) createNetwork(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var create api.CreateNetworkRequest
	err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&create)
	if err != nil {
		sendError(w, "Unable to decode JSON payload: "+err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}
	log.WithField(logfields.Request, logfields.Repr(&create)).Debug("Network Create Called")
	emptyResponse(w)
}

func (driver *driver) deleteNetwork(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var delete api.DeleteNetworkRequest
	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&delete); err != nil {
		sendError(w, "Unable to decode JSON payload: "+err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}
	log.WithField(logfields.Request, logfields.Repr(&delete)).Debug("Delete network request")
	emptyResponse(w)
}

// CreateEndpointRequest is the as api.CreateEndpointRequest but with
// json.RawMessage type for Options map
type CreateEndpointRequest struct {
	NetworkID  string
	EndpointID string
	Interface  api.EndpointInterface
	Options    map[string]json.RawMessage
}

func (driver *driver) createEndpoint(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var create CreateEndpointRequest
	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&create); err != nil {
		sendError(w, "Unable to decode JSON payload: "+err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}
	log.WithField(logfields.Request, logfields.Repr(&create)).Debug("Create endpoint request")

	if create.Interface.Address == "" {
		log.Warn("No IPv4 address provided in CreateEndpoint request")
	}

	if create.Interface.AddressIPv6 == "" {
		sendError(w, "No IPv6 address provided (required)", http.StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}

	_, err := driver.client.EndpointGet(endpointID(create.EndpointID))
	if err != nil {
		switch err.(type) {
		case *endpoint.GetEndpointIDNotFound:
			// Expected result
		default:
			sendError(w, fmt.Sprintf("Error retrieving endpoint %s", err), http.StatusBadRequest)
			return
		}
	} else {
		sendError(w, "Endpoint already exists", http.StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}

	ip6, err := addressing.NewCiliumIPv6(create.Interface.AddressIPv6)
	if err != nil {
		sendError(w, fmt.Sprintf("Unable to parse IPv6 address: %s", err),
			http.StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}

	endpoint := &models.EndpointChangeRequest{
		ID:               int64(ip6.EndpointID()),
		State:            models.EndpointStateWaitingForIdentity,
		DockerEndpointID: create.EndpointID,
		DockerNetworkID:  create.NetworkID,
		Addressing: &models.AddressPair{
			IPV6: ip6.String(),
			IPV4: create.Interface.Address,
		},
	}

	veth, _, _, err := connector.SetupVeth(create.EndpointID, int(driver.conf.DeviceMTU), endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		sendError(w, "Error while setting up veth pair: "+err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}
	defer func() {
		if err != nil {
			if err = netlink.LinkDel(veth); err != nil {
				log.WithError(err).WithField(logfields.Veth, veth.Name).Warn("failed to clean up veth")
			}
		}
	}()

	// FIXME: Translate port mappings to RuleL4 policy elements

	if err = driver.client.EndpointCreate(endpoint); err != nil {
		sendError(w, fmt.Sprintf("Error creating endpoint %s", err), http.StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}

	log.WithField(logfields.EndpointID, create.EndpointID).Debug("Created new endpoint")

	respIface := &api.EndpointInterface{
		// Fixme: the lxcmac is an empty string at this point and we only know the
		// mac address at the end of joinEndpoint
		// There's no problem in the setup but docker inspect will show an empty mac address
		MacAddress: "",
	}
	resp := &api.CreateEndpointResponse{
		Interface: respIface,
	}
	log.WithField(logfields.Response, logfields.Repr(resp)).Debug("Create endpoint response")
	objectResponse(w, resp)
}

func (driver *driver) deleteEndpoint(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var del api.DeleteEndpointRequest
	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&del); err != nil {
		sendError(w, "Could not decode JSON encode payload", http.StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}
	log.WithField(logfields.Request, logfields.Repr(&del)).Debug("Delete endpoint request")

	if err := link.DeleteByName(connector.Endpoint2IfName(del.EndpointID)); err != nil {
		log.WithError(err).Warn("Error while deleting link")
	}

	emptyResponse(w)
}

func (driver *driver) infoEndpoint(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var info api.EndpointInfoRequest
	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&info); err != nil {
		sendError(w, "Could not decode JSON encode payload", http.StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}
	log.WithField(logfields.Request, logfields.Repr(&info)).Debug("Endpoint info request")
	objectResponse(w, &api.EndpointInfoResponse{Value: map[string]interface{}{}})
	log.WithField(logfields.Response, info.EndpointID).Debug("Endpoint info")
}

func (driver *driver) joinEndpoint(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var (
		j   api.JoinRequest
		err error
	)

	driver.mutex.RLock()
	defer driver.mutex.RUnlock()

	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&j); err != nil {
		sendError(w, "Could not decode JSON encode payload", http.StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}
	log.WithField(logfields.Request, logfields.Repr(&j)).Debug("Join request")

	old, err := driver.client.EndpointGet(endpointID(j.EndpointID))
	if err != nil {
		sendError(w, fmt.Sprintf("Error retrieving endpoint %s", err), http.StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}

	log.WithField(logfields.Object, old).Debug("Existing endpoint")

	res := &api.JoinResponse{
		InterfaceName: &api.InterfaceName{
			SrcName:   connector.Endpoint2TempIfName(j.EndpointID),
			DstPrefix: ContainerInterfacePrefix,
		},
		StaticRoutes:          driver.routes,
		DisableGatewayService: true,
		GatewayIPv6:           driver.gatewayIPv6,
		//GatewayIPv4:           driver.gatewayIPv4,
	}

	// FIXME? Having the following code results on a runtime error: docker: Error
	// response from daemon: oci runtime error: process_linux.go:334: running prestart
	// hook 0 caused "exit status 1: time=\"2016-10-26T06:33:17-07:00\" level=fatal
	// msg=\"failed to set gateway while updating gateway: file exists\" \n"
	//
	// If empty, it works as expected without docker runtime errors
	// res.Gateway = connector.IPv4Gateway(addr)

	log.WithField(logfields.Response, logfields.Repr(res)).Debug("Join response")
	objectResponse(w, res)
}

func (driver *driver) leaveEndpoint(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var l api.LeaveRequest
	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&l); err != nil {
		sendError(w, "Could not decode JSON encode payload", http.StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}
	log.WithField(logfields.Request, logfields.Repr(&l)).Debug("Leave request")

	if err := driver.client.EndpointDelete(endpointID(l.EndpointID)); err != nil {
		log.WithError(err).Warn("Leaving the endpoint failed")
	}

	emptyResponse(w)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Oscar the Grouch's Fat, Orange, Racist Cousin Calls His Trash Can a 'Real White House'
SESAME STREET, NEW YORK — On Sesame Street this week, a favorite and beloved character met a new member of his family, who promptly insulted the garbage can he lives in. It was a moment for the two to have a difficult but necessary conversation about respect and dignity. When it was all over, Oscar the Grouch and his fat, orange, racist cousin Donny may not have been able to settle all their differences, but the venerable children's show's producers hope the interaction still taught valuable lessons.
"This place is a real White House," Donny told Oscar as he threw the green grouch's possessions around, "Ugh, just look at this place, Oscar. Nowhere near enough of garbage. It's way too clean and orderly. Sure, you've got piles of trash and smelly old food, but I can tell you put thought and planning into the piles. What are you, some kind of Muslim praying to your Sharia god?"
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Oscar was taken aback and highly insulted.
"Hey there, cousin," Oscar shot back, "I don't think that's very fair of you to say. I think my house is perfectly disgusting enough for any grouch. I have tons of trash! Look at that rotting, moldy cheese pile over there. Oh, and also, that's totally uncool what you just said about Muslims."
Donny shrugged.
"If the sharia hood fits," Donny said, using his word for a hijab or burqa, which he doesn't know the difference between, nor does he care to know.
Oscar tried again to get his cousin to see reason.
"Can't you see how insulting it is to me," Oscar said, "and any other grouch who has lived here to call it something like a White House?"
Donny shrugged yet again. Oscar could see he wasn't getting anywhere. He tried a change of tactics.
RELATED: ISIS, Taliban Issue Joint Statement in Support of Trump's Transgender Military Ban
"Look, Donny, can't we just agree to disagree here," Oscar asked, "Because we'll never see eye to eye. Let's talk about something else."
Donny agreed to change the subject.
"Did you hear that some people want to build a wall around Sesame Street," Donny asked, "Because I think that's great."
Oscar put his hands to his face.
"You know what kind of rifraff they send us from the Electric Company," Donny asked, "We're talking drug dealers, killers, and some, I suppose, are good people. But still, we need a wall to protect our Sesame culture. Our Sesame way of life."
Oscar the Grouch just looked at the camera and raised his eyebrows while a slide whistle and tuba played a glissando downward.
Oscar the Grouch


The art form of bonsai could be a marvelous and distinctive hobby. Viewing and taking good care of a bonsai group can be a relaxing and peaceful daily occupation. The trees can be placed anywhere to provide a great atmosphere and allure to get a room. Bonsai trees available are there to satisfy you desire whether you're an advanced or beginning student. You'll surely be driven once you might have attempted this wonderful hobby to enlarge your assortment of trees.
Bonsai trees have existed for so long that virtually all individuals have some belief about what bonsai is. This practice is the most popular in the Asian community, but people around the world also practice growing bonsai trees. Beginners often think of as a dwarf tree bonsai trees for sale. The fact is that they're merely ordinary trees which are kept routine trimming and small due to little containers. Guide wire is continually utilized in order to aid guide the tree in the direction of the growth that was desired. This practice may take skill and much knowledge to achieve great results.
There are some things you have to consider first, when starting the bonsai hobby. The expense of trees and supplies should be kept in mind. For thirty dollars approximately, a good beginning plant can be bought. Several hundred dollars may be spent on a specimen once you get into the more mature and larger trees. While in the beginning you may want to get going having a large old tree, a beginner should get a smaller tree to get valuable experience regarding the care of the trees.
A pot that is good will be needed once you are determined on a tree. Trees usually are sold with a pot, but if transplanting is desired, you might want to get a larger one. Bonsai tree pots are normally little and shallow to assist the tree remain modest.
It may also be rather important to utilize land and the best fertilizer possible when you get your trees. Inorganic and organic substances are often combined to generate the most effective lands for bonsai trees. An excellent earth must have the ability to drain water fast as well. Each species of tree might have the need for specific fertilizers and soils. Read about their demands because of this, when you are considering bonsai trees available. To be able to have the most healthy tree, the right combo of fertilizer and ground is necessary. This will definitely lead to a long and happy life for the tree.
Great bonsai tools are also needed. Some things you could want are a rake, butterfly shears, wire cutters, and branch cutters. Beginners can generally obtain a tool kit that includes everything needed at a fair cost. For advanced hobbyists, there are higher quality tools that are for sale. During the pruning of bonsai trees, you have to make really clean cuts. This enables a tree to immediately recover correctly. It is going to be interesting and exciting with so many choices for the beginner bonsai hobbyist.
Common species of trees which might be utilized for bonsai are maple, juniper, jade, pine, and elm. Bonsai trees for sale need pruning and constant care to accomplish the most effective looking tree. A large variety of books are found on the subject should you be just beginning. From taking time to read all concerning this area as well as the care of bonsai trees available, you can benefit significantly.
When a tree is young, it is the most critical stage for training the form of a new tree. They are able to get started about the top note by starting the training early. More established mature trees are a great deal harder to attempt to shape than the usual new young tree with flexible and little branches. It really is also somewhat less hard on a tree to trim small unwanted branches rather than bigger ones off on trees that are mature. This is the reason purchasing from a well versed seller who knows how to manage bonsai trees is a great idea when searching for bonsai trees for sale. Bonsai trees might be shaped right into various different styles. You might be the one who needs to decide the manner in which you would like to form your tree and exactly what you like best. The most popular varieties of design are cascading, and slanting, upright. Specific species of trees may look better in a type of style. You may also create your own look if you are feeling daring.
Other element can be put into enrich the appearance of your bonsai tree. This could contain things like adding moss or little stones throughout the foot of the tree. A less common but good approach could possibly be to have three or two trees in a single container. Bonsai trees for sale can look wonderful in homes. Pick out a tree you'll not be disappointed and that you're immediately brought too.
Shaping the tree is the most important aspect of growing a bonsai tree at home. As a way to do the task well, you need knowledge, ability, and training. Bonsai trees available can be purchased in several common design designs, or it is possible to shape them however you'll enjoy. The typical layout styles are literati, cascading, formal upright, informal upright, and slanting. So you may decide what's going to suit your preferences and home these various styles will undoubtedly be discussed throughout this informative article. In the event you like multiple designs, you can get greater than one tree.
The style of literati is the first one that I'll go over. Literati is a bonsai shape that is typical that you simply think of. It really is a tree that's a long bare trunk with few branches. The branches that it does have are near the top of the tree and the trunks have many turns and twists.
Bonsai trees on the market are also sold as formal vertical and informal vertical fashions. These varieties of trees have tapered trunks that are right upwards. When there are curves in the trunk that was vertical, this really is recognized as informal in style. Slanted is another tree fashion. The goal with this is similar to the name sounds, to have the trunk slant up in the bottom with an angle. Many bonsai styles are often recognized by their name.
Another bonsai gardening fashion is the forest fashion. For many trees, pot or one container is used in this style collectively. Varying heights of trees are often used to add fashion and depth to the group. In forest scenes, three or five trees are typically used. As this has bad meaning in the culture of Japan, you ought to never use a group of four trees.
Cascading is the last style of bonsai trees that I'll discuss. This is really a beautiful fashion that tries to create a flowing and harmonious tree. Branches are weaved from the other side of the pot back and forth to produce a flow. When purchasing bonsai trees available, this can be a common style. In case you possess a great happiness for bonsai trees and really are a large collector, it can be nice to grow trees in many styles to have a whole set of trees. The styles that I wrote about are not the only ones that you are restricted to. It truly is possible to compose your own personal style too. It's merely important that you've got fun with that which you are doing.
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3M Scotchkote 206N Fluid Bed Grade Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coating is a one component, heat curable, thermosetting epoxy coating designed for providing corrosion protection to metal substrates.
Please allow 4-8 weeks for delivery from the USA.
Scotchkote 206N Fluid Bed Grade Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coating uses innovative heat curing technology that forms a continuous, insulative barrier for pipes, fittings, valves, couplers, pumps and other equipment that is resistant to corrosive soils, hydrocarbons, harsh chemicals and sea water.
Scotchkote 206N Fluid Bed Grade Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coating works best when applied to steel surfaces that have been previously heated and melts to form a highly protective powdered coating. highly suitable for large fluidized bed application to awkwardly shaped materials.
Scotchkote 206N Fluid Bed Grade Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coating is particularly suited for application to metallic substrates and is ideal for providing pipes, fittings, valves, couplers and pumps with a high level of protection from corrosive substances, harsh chemicals as well as sea water. Scotchkote 206N has been tested and certified to ANSI/NSF Standard 61, Drinking Water System.
Product code CE100740386, boxed in 65lbs weight quantities, in powder form (just under 30kg per box).
Scotchkote 206N coating is resistant to corrosive soils, hydrocarbons, harsh chemicals and sea water.
Particularly suitable for large fluidized bed application on complex shapes.
Gel and flow characteristics balanced to give no-sag application on large parts.
Repair all defects using 3M Scotchkote 312 Liquid Epoxy Coating.


We started with a chef's selection of appetisers, which are the first three courses from the 10-course taster menu. First was a nori rice cracker with pickled mushrooms and smoked anchovy, followed by a sourdough cracker with pickled radish and kale puree. But the highlight for me was the dainty 'ice cream cone', filled with onion mousse and topped with truffle and dessert wine jelly then topped with crispy potato.
My starter was torched mackerel with fermented turnip and dashi – a Japanese cooking stock. It was deliciously fresh and each ingredient was bursting with flavour, without overpowering the mackerel.
Next, a special mention must be made for the bread. These fluffy rolls of sourdough were warm and totally scrumptious, served with salty butter and onion crumb. Yum!
My main course was roast pollock with fermented grains, parsley root and burnt onions. Again, every element of this was full of flavour in its own right, but worked perfectly together. And, because we're greedy, we added on some side orders of triple-cooked chips and broccoli.
The dessert was a combination of all of my favourite sweet flavours; pear with muscovado and chocolate and gingerbread ice cream. The shards of gingerbread and brandy snap added a festive touch to this scrumptious dessert.
Finally, we were treated to some petit fours with our coffees, the first being a cherry macaroon which I ate too fast to photograph. Then there was this gorgeous little teacake, filled with yuzu jelly and marshmallow then covered in bitter chocolate and dusted with matcha green tea.
And last but definitely not least were these beautiful little chocolate creations. The whole meal was absolutely gorgeous and it was such a treat to return here again.
If you'd like to see what we ate on one of our first visits, check out this birthday blog post from 2014, and take a look at this post from later that year when we met Aiden himself.


The Mustangs responded with two runs in the top of the fifth but failed to produce the additional two runs needed to extend the game.
It's not that they didn't have chances. The Mustangs left eight runners on base – five in scoring position – throughout but couldn't get the timely hits.
Sean Curtis got the Mustangs started in the top of the first inning with a two-out single; he moved to second on a passed ball, but the Mustangs ended with no runs in the inning. In the top of the second, Luke Nail drove a ball to the wall for a one-out single; Chance Haley reached first on a Billies' error that moved Nail to third, but the Mustangs again stalled and stranded the runners.
The Billies opened the scoring in the bottom of the third inning when pitcher Dillon Mayberry walked the leadoff batter. Mayberry struck out the next batter and forced an infield fly for the second out, but an RBI single moved the runner across the plate for an early 1-0 lead.
In the top of the sixth inning, Nail doubled again and was moved to third on a sacrifice bunt by Xander Whitted, but back-to-back strikeouts costs the Mustangs another potential run.
Curtis singled in the top of the seventh and the tying run came to the plate, but a flyout removed any necessity for a bottom half of the inning as the Billies came away with a win.
The Mustangs continue district play on Tuesday when they travel to Pflugerville for the first game of a two-game series with the Connally Cougars. The teams will meet in Marble Falls on Friday for the second game. Both teams are winless in district play with a series loss to Rouse.
First pitch is scheduled for 7 p.m. on Tuesday and Friday.


text:
Review: Tragedy is to confine the Alfa Romeo Giulia to crowded highways
Jeremy Freed
Published October 22, 2018 Updated October 22, 2018
This article was published more than 1 year ago. Some information in it may no longer be current.
The Giulia Quadrifoglio is equipped with the most powerful engine Alfa Romeo has ever made.
Jeremy Freed/The Globe and Mail
The tragedy of a vehicle like the Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio, along with its stablemate the Stelvio Quadrifoglio, is that it is doomed to spend most of its days on crowded expressways, humming along in a straight line, barely breaking the speed limit. Fortunately, today is not to be one of those days. Fresh off a flight to Los Angeles, I'm handed the keys to a Misano blue Giulia Quadrifoglio and directed toward one of the best pieces of tarmac in Southern California, if not the entire continental United States: the Angeles Crest Highway.
The Angeles Crest winds its way through the Angeles National Forest, rising to an elevation of well more than 2,000 metres as it switchbacks across the San Gabriel mountains. On one end are the suburbs of L.A., on the other the Joshua trees and desert of the Antelope Valley. Between them is 100 kilometres of twisty two-lane blacktop straight out of your wildest octane-soaked fantasies. This is the kind of place the Giulia Quadrifoglio was built for.
With its honeycomb mesh intake vents, carbon fibre spoiler and a set of dark grey five-spoke rims, the Giulia Quadrifoglio talks a good game from the curb. Alcantara-accented sport seats, carbon-fibre trim and red contrast stitching complete the look inside, as does the Ferrari-style start/stop button mounted on the steering wheel. Once you press that red button, however, you'll quickly realize this sedan can back up every inch of its exotic styling when the rubber hits the road.
The Giulia Quadrifoglio (along with the Stelvio Quadrifoglio, Alfa Romeo's high-performance SUV) is equipped with the most powerful engine Alfa Romeo has ever made. Despite its relatively small size, this 2.9-litre twin-turbocharged V-6 is good for 505 horsepower and 443 lb.-ft. of torque, giving it similar power to the V-8-powered Mercedes-Benz AMG C 63 S and considerably more than the BMW M3. Thanks to the work of those clever Alfa Romeo engineers, the rear-wheel drive Giulia manages a zero to 96 kilometre an hour sprint in a blistering 3.8 seconds, with a top speed of 307 km/h. The Stelvio, meanwhile, holds the prestigious title of fastest production SUV around Germany's Nuerburgring race circuit, which is not bad at all for something that can haul your family out of town for the weekend.
Owning a Giulia as a daily driver can enhance your commute, as well as provide thrills on those rare occasions when an empty stretch of blacktop presents itself.
The Giulia gleefully gobbles up tarmac as it winds its way up the mountainsides of the Angeles Crest, the blurps and grumbles of its exhaust ricocheting off the canyon walls. It clings to the road as if by suction, never losing poise as it tempts you to add a bit more throttle. All Alfa Romeo models are equipped with three driving modes: Normal, Dynamic and All-Weather, and the Quadrifoglios are equipped with an additional Race mode. With stability and anti-slip controls turned off, the suspension stiffens, the steering quickens, that symphonic exhaust note gets even louder and the Giulia is truly unleashed. The realities of oncoming traffic, coyotes and the occasional boulder in the road make it unsafe to push the Giulia to its limits here, but with a sweeping mountain vista out the windows and Bob Seger singing Night Moves on the radio, one can nonetheless experience more than a few moments of true driving bliss.
Sadly, most Quadrifoglios will never see the Angeles Crest, and few will ever set radial-clad foot on a race track. Even so, as with cars such as the BMW M3, Audi S4 and Cadillac ATS-V, owning a Giulia or Stelvio Quadrifoglio as a daily driver can enhance your commute, as well as provide thrills on those rare occasions when an empty stretch of blacktop presents itself. Of course it's on those daily drives when the Giulia's shortcomings present themselves. For all of its carbon fibre and contrast stitching, the interior still at times feels cheap and plastic, without the level of fit and finish to be found in some of its competitors. Likewise, despite all of Alfa Romeo's technological wizardry, gremlins seem to abound in these machines, leading to reports of frequent breakdowns and long stints in the shop.
Of course, on a day such as today, it's easy to forget such pedestrian realities. With hands gripping the flat-bottomed wheel of this beautiful Italian sports car, and the road twisting off into the trees, the world becomes a remarkably simple place. Such are the pleasures of the Quadrifoglio, made so much sweeter by their rarity.
This 2.9-litre twin-turbocharged V-6 is good for 505 horsepower and 443 lb.-ft. of torque.
FCA US LLC
Engine: 2.9-litre twin-turbocharged V-6
Transmission/drive: 8-speed automatic
Fuel economy (litres/100 km): 13.8 city/9.6 hwy
Alternatives: BMW M3, Mercedes-Benz C63 AMG, Audi S4, Cadillac ATS-V
From its distinctive triangular grille to its aggressive five-spoke rims, the Giulia Quadrifoglio's bold Italian styling is one of its biggest selling features.
The interior is complete with Alcantara-accented sport seats, carbon-fibre trim and red contrast stitching.
Carbon fibre accents, contrast stitching and Alcanatara seats are all standard, making for an interior that's as fetching as the sheet metal on the outside. The quality of some of the other interior elements, however, doesn't feel as high.
You'll have a hard time matching the level of performance on offer here for the price. All other complaints aside, this car is pure pleasure on the open road.
While the really impressive tech is under the hood, there's still plenty to enjoy inside, including a 14-speaker Harmon Kardon sound system, heated seating and steering wheel, Apple CarPlay and Android Auto and bi-xenon headlamps. Owing to its position wedged into the slanting dash, the optional 8.8-inch infotainment screen feels tiny, especially for a $3,000 surcharge.
With five seatbelts and a reasonably spacious trunk, there's definitely a case to be made for the Giulia Quadrifoglio as a practical daily driver.
The verdict: 8.0
It's more fun for the money than probably anything else on the road, but lingering reliability issues will give some buyers cause to consider more established (read: German) alternatives.
The writer was a guest of the automaker. Content was not subject to approval.
Shopping for a new car? Check out the new Globe Drive Build and Price Tool to see the latest discounts, rebates and rates on new cars, trucks and SUVs. Click here to get your price.
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Review: Kia delivers strong value with the renewed Forte
Review: The new Volvo S60 is safer than ever, but also stylish and sophisticated
Review: What it's like to drive the world's most luxurious SUV
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text:
Bad News What the Headlines Don't Tell Us
By Mark Pack
Bad News is a popular guide that helps you make sense of the news wherever it appears – print, broadcast or online. Peppered with examples from around the world, the book turns a serious subject into an enjoyable read. You will learn as you are entertained.
Readers will discover all the tricks and techniques required to work out whether to trust a story based on an anonymous source, when big numbers are really small and when small numbers are really big, why you should ignore what appears behind someone on the TV and much more. You'll even learn why you should always read stories in the Daily Mail backwards and when correlation is causation.
But readers will also learn how ill-suited the news is to understanding and interpreting the modern world, even when it comes from honest journalists working for reputable outlets. The news has a role, but readers will learn how to ensure they don't confuse that with understanding the world.
"Thoughtful and perceptive, Bad News is required reading for anyone who wants to get to grips with how the journalism we consume – both good and bad – shapes our reality. With his forensic insight and lively intelligence, Mark Pack proves that understanding the news and understanding the world are two very different things."
Polly Mackenzie, chief executive of Demos and former Director of Policy to Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg
"Sharp and insightful – you can trust Mark Pack to tell it as it is."
Craig Oliver, former Director of Politics and Communications to Prime Minister David Cameron
"A sharp and witty diagnosis of exactly what's going on in our newsrooms right now — and why."
Adam Payne, Business Insider
"Mark has thought deeply about the media for many years. This book distils his wisdom."
Tim Leunig, London School of Economics
Populism on Trial
The Noble Liar
The Press Freedom Myth


text:
package org.theospi.portfolio.matrix.control;

import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.theospi.portfolio.matrix.model.CriterionTransport;

/**
 * @author chmaurer
 */
public class AddCriterionController extends BaseListObjectController { //implements LoadObjectController {

   protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

   /* (non-Javadoc)
    * @see org.theospi.utils.mvc.intf.CustomCommandController#formBackingObject(java.util.Map, java.util.Map, java.util.Map)
    */
   public Object formBackingObject(Map request, Map session, Map application) {
      return new CriterionTransport();
   }
}


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Solutions to workplace issues; individual differences, employee engagement, high-performance teams, performance appraisal and careers, organisational design, culture, change, complexity, and organisational communication and conflict.
Custom design allows organisations to meet specific challenges and business needs. Whether developing executives, leadership, targeting an organisation behaviour or culture improvements, we can take you where you want to go.
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"I found Pharos' evidence-based coaching methods very powerful and effective in delivering results desired by my coachees and their organizations. The blended learning methods, coupled with one-on-one coaching by Wade, ensured I have a solid foundation in coaching from the start. Now, with on-going case supervision and continuous professional development, my coaching skills continue to scale new heights progressively."
"I spent over six months going through a rigorous coaching training program instituted by Pharos before I was accredited. The program provided an insight into the theoretical executive coaching underpinnings, in addition to my sizable management experience. It also helped me realise, with the hindsight, what I could have done better or what I could have avoided. Now through on-going weekly learning sessions the process continues. I learn something new every week."
"I found the training at Pharos extremely enlightening and insightful. There is a lot of knowledge accumulated through years of experience that I benefited from in a short time. I learn the power of empathy and smart use of questions to draw the coachee to better understand himself/herself and see clearly the situation he/she is confronted with, and the tools to navigate complex situations. Feel confident that I can be an effective coach after the training and able to grow myself through continuous professional development."
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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration created a lovely infographic here that you should definitely check out as a nice overview. King Tides are the result of several converging phenomenon, and they result in extremely high/low tides. As we know, the tides go in and out related to the pull of the moon. When the full moon is at its perigee (the point at which it is closest to the earth), the gravitational pull is the strongest, leading to higher tides. Add El Niño to the mix, which generally leads to higher sea levels, and the possibility of coastal storms, and you have a veritable cornucopia of higher tide factors.
This is also important because with climate change, scientists are predicting that it is possible our "normal" tides will eventually look more like King Tides.
So what does this mean for you, Bay Area Family? It means that this week, you and your kiddos have the opportunity to see some very high tides. You also have the opportunity to participate in a Citizen Science project. What is #citizenscience, you say? It is a growing number of projects that ask regular citizens (yes, you! or your kids!) to help out with various scientific data collecting tasks in order to increase the ability of scientists to understand what is happening in our world. Many citizen science projects can help track much more data than would be available, were we to only rely on scientists. For the upcoming King Tides, taking pictures of the tides at their highest and lowest points, and then uploading them to the King Tides Project documents the changing tides in the Bay Area.
For directions on how to participate in the King Tides #citizenscience project by taking pictures of high and/or low tides, read here. For suggestions of where to see King Tides around us, check here (notable sites include Stinson Beach in Marin, Ocean Beach in SF, or Pacifica, south of San Francisco). However, you may be able to see extremely high water in places like the Embarcadero in San Francisco. Here are some pictures from November's King Tides. Remember that these tides are going to be very huge, and make sure you take appropriate safety precautions. Low tide recommendations include the tidepools near Pigeon Point's Lighthouse, Fitzgerald Marine Reserve (with more than 10 people, you need to make a reservation) or Agate Beach, in Bolinas (West Marin).
And then, for the extremely important tide chart, look HERE. This will tell you what time the high/low tides are around the Bay Area. If you have kiddos off school and are not working yourself, Wednesday the 23rd looks like the Day Of King Tides 2015.
December 21, 2015 in Marin, Peninsula, San Francisco.


text:
U-bolt Selector
Distance between legs of U-bolt
24 29 36 44 52 64 78 94 116 143 173 222 248 276 328 360 411 460 512 562 614
T316 Stainless Steel (A4) T304 Stainless Steel (A2) ZP (Zinc Plated) Galvanised
M6 M10 M12 M16 M20 M24
Inside Height (mm)
From 60 to 80 mm From 80 to 100 mm From 100 to 120 mm From 120 to 140 mm From 140 to 160 mm From 160 to 180 mm From 180 to 200 mm From 200 to 220 mm From 220 to 240 mm From 240 to 260 mm From 280 to 300 mm From 300 to 340 mm From 340 to 380 mm From 380 to 420 mm From 420 to 460 mm From 460 to 500 mm From 500 to 550 mm More than 550 mm
Extended Leg
Pipe Nominal Bore (mm)
Leg Centers
30 35 42 54 62 74 90 106 128 155 186 189 195 238 268 296 348 380 431 484 536 586 638
The extended leg range are designed around British Standard pipe sizes. They are classed as a non-grip U-bolt
U-Bolt M6 x60mm Thread, 24mm Inside Diam, 77mm Inside Height BZP(Zinc...
UBOLT/BZP/M6*24*77*60
U-Bolt M6 x60mm Thread, 24mm Inside Diam, 77mm Inside Height BZP(Zinc Plated)
U-Bolt M10 x65mm Thread, 44mm Inside Diam, 96mm Inside Height BZP(Zinc...
UBOLT/BZP/M10*44*96*65
U-Bolt M10 x65mm Thread, 44mm Inside Diam, 96mm Inside Height BZP(Zinc Plated)
U-Bolt M10 x65mm Thread, 52mm Inside Diam, 104mm Inside Height BZP(Zinc...
UBOLT/BZP/M10*52*104*65
U-Bolt M10 x65mm Thread, 52mm Inside Diam, 104mm Inside Height BZP(Zinc Plated)
U-Bolt M6 x60mm Thread, 24mm Inside Diam, 77mm Inside Height T304...
UBOLT/T304/M6*24*77*60
U-Bolt M6 x60mm Thread, 24mm Inside Diam, 77mm Inside Height T304 Stainless Steel


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Using the example of New Jersey and the Morris Canal, it becomes very clear that the development corridor generates the towns and cities and their unique functions and identity.