text:
Scoliosis Research Society members attitudes towards physical therapy and physiotherapeutic scoliosis specific exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Cindy L. Marti1,
Steven D. Glassman2,3,
Patrick T. Knott4,
Leah Y. Carreon3 &
Michael T. Hresko5
Scoliosis volume 10, Article number: 16 (2015) Cite this article
Attitudes regarding non-operative treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) may be changing with the publication of BRAiST. Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis Specific Exercises (PSSE) are used to treat AIS, but high-quality evidence is limited. The purpose of this study is to assess the attitudes of members of the Scoliosis Research Society towards PSSE.
A survey was sent to all SRS members with questions on use of Physical Therapy (PT) and PSSE for AIS.
The majority of the 263 respondents were from North America (175, 67 %), followed by Asia (37, 14 %) and Europe (36, 14 %). The majority of respondents (166, 63 %) prescribed neither PT nor PSSE, 28 (11 %) prescribed both PT and PSSE, 39 (15 %) prescribe PT only and 30 (11 %) prescribe PSSE only. PT was prescribed by 67 respondents, as an adjunct to bracing (39) and in small curves (32); with goals to improve aesthetics (27) and post-operative outcomes (25). Of the 196 who do not prescribe PT, the main reasons were lack of evidence (149) and the perception that PT had no value (112).
PSSE was prescribed by 58 respondents. The most common indication was as an adjunct to bracing (49) or small curves (41); with goals to improve aesthetics (36), prevent curve progression (35) and improve quality of life (31). Of the respondents who do not prescribe PSSE, the main reasons were lack of supporting research (149), a perception that PSSE had no value (108), and lack of access (63). Most respondents state that evidence of efficacy may increase the role of PSSE, with 85 % (223 of 263) favoring funding PSSE studies by the SRS.
The results show that 22 % of the respondents use PSSE for AIS, skepticism remains regarding the benefit of PSSE for AIS. Support for SRS funded research suggests belief that there is potential benefit from PSSE and the best way to assess that potential is through evidence development.
Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis Specific Exercise (PSSE) has been advocated as a potentially valuable tool in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) [1–11]. Postulated treatment effects include preventing curve progression, minimizing respiratory dysfunction, preventing spinal pain syndromes, and improving aesthetics via postural correction [1–11]. These treatment effects may lead to avoidance of brace treatment or surgery [12, 13]. PSSE is also commonly used in conjunction with brace treatment, and is suggested to increase the efficacy of bracing [14–16]. In general, the role of PSSE is more widely accepted in Europe versus North America.
The evidence-base supporting PSSE treatment regimen is very limited, as most of the published literature consists of case studies and small cohort studies. A systematic review in 2012 identified only 12 relevant studies and described the evidence as poor quality because all were at level IV or lower in terms of their Level of Evidence [6, 9]. This deficiency is due in part to inconsistent indications for PSSE treatment, the diversity of therapy programs, ranging from outpatient postural training to intensive and prolonged in-patient regimens, and the difficulty in assuring compliance when patients are receiving therapy over an extended period. The best available literature, is a recent published randomized clinical trial of 110 patients that demonstrates PSSE to be superior to standard physical therapy (PT) in patients older than 10 years with small AIS curves (10° to 25°) and Risser sign <2 [5].
Despite limited high quality evidence, the possibility of effective nonsurgical treatment for AIS is obviously attractive. Although U.S. surgeons have historically been skeptical regarding the role of these conservative exercise treatment options, attitudes may be changing. Publication of the BRAiST study, which demonstrated efficacy of bracing for AIS based upon clearly defined clinical parameters [17], has encouraged both patients and surgeons to the potential for brace treatment. At least in the public sector, this interest seems to extend beyond bracing to encompass a wider array of nonsurgical options.
The purpose of this study is to explore the attitudes of scoliosis surgeons regarding Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis Specific Exercise (PSSE). Beyond questions of awareness and acceptance, we sought to determine whether surgeons believe that evidence development regarding PSSE was an important research priority.
After receiving Institutional Board Approval, a web-based survey was sent to all 1200 Active and Candidate members of the Scoliosis Research Society. The survey (Table 1) included questions regarding membership status, training and years in practice. For the respondents who prescribe standard PT or PSSE, their indications and goals for standard PT and PSSE were queried. For those who do not prescribe standard PT or PSSE, they were further queried on why they do not prescribe standard PT or PSSE. In addition, respondents were asked if they have observed an increased interest in PSSE, what evidence of this they have observed, and if they anticipate an increased role for PSSE in the future. All analysis was performed using PASW Statistics GradPack 17.0 (Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.). Fisher's exact test was used to determine difference in responses between regions of practice, years in training and type of training.
Table 1 Survey questions and responses
There were a total of 266 respondents (22 %). Three were excluded from the analysis as they indicated that that they did not treat AIS patients, leaving 263 respondent surveys available for analysis. The majority of respondents (175, 67 %) were from North America, with an almost equal number from Asia (37, 14 %) and Europe (36, 14 %), a small number of surgeons from South America and the Middle East.
Almost all the respondents were Orthopedic Surgeons; 159 (60 %) categorized their spinal deformity training primarily as Orthopedic Spine and 95 (36 %) as Pediatric Orthopedics. Clinical experience, measured by years in practice, was almost equally represented, with most (110, 42 %) in practice for more than 20 years, 81 (31 %) have been in practice between 11 and 20 years and 69 (26 %) have been in practice for ten years or less.
The majority of respondents (166, 63 %) prescribed neither PT nor PSSE, 28 (11 %) prescribed both PT and PSSE, 39 (15 %) prescribe PT only and 30 (11 %) prescribe PSSE only. Sixty-seven (25 %) surgeons prescribe standard PT for their patients with AIS. Although the reported use of standard PT was more common in Europe, there was no statistically significant difference in prescribing pattern based on region, with an almost equal proportion of surgeons in Asia, South America and North America. There was no statistically significant difference in prescribing pattern based on years in practice, or training (Table 2).
Table 2 Respondent characteristics in prescribing standard physical therapy
Among the 67 surgeons who prescribe standard PT, the most common indication was the use of standard PT in conjunction with brace treatment (58 %), small curves (48 %) or post-operatively (Table 3). Only 25 % of surgeons prescribed PT for treatment of pain. However, alleviation of pain was chosen as the most common goal of therapy (72 %). Improving aesthetics (40 %) and improving post-operative outcomes (37 %) were the next most common goals of standard PT. Of the 196 (75 %) surgeons who do not refer AIS patients for standard PT, the majority (149, 76 %) stated the lack of supporting research as the most common reason, followed by the perception that standard PT had no value in the treatment of AIS (112, 57 %).
Table 3 Stated indications and goals for standard physical therapy (N = 67)
Fifty-eight (22 %) surgeons reported referring their AIS patients for PSSE. There was no statistically significant difference in referral pattern based on region or surgical training. Surgeons in practice for ten years or less were less likely to refer for PSSE compared to surgeons who have been in practice for a longer period of time (Table 4).
Table 4 Respondent characteristics in prescribing Scoliosis specific exercises
Among the 58 surgeons who refer patients for PSSE, the most common indication was similar to standard PT: in conjunction with brace treatment (84 %) or for small curves (72 %) (Table 5). However, unlike standard PT, PSSE was less often prescribed for treatment of pain (3 %). Consistent with the respondents indication for referral, stated goals for PSSE were most commonly to improve aesthetics (62 %), to prevent curve progression (60 %) and to improve quality of life (53 %). The most common specific PSSE used was Schroth (33, 57 %), followed by Side Shift (13, 22 %), SEAS (12, 21 %) and FITS (11, 19 %) with almost similar distribution (Table 5). For the 204 (78 %) of surgeons who do not refer for PSSE, the main reasons were similar to standard PT, the lack of supporting research (149, 73 %), followed by the perception that PSSE had no value (108, 53 %). In addition, 63 (31 %) reported that they had no access to a facility providing PSSE.
Table 5 Stated type, indications and goals of Scoliosis specific exercise (N = 58)
Slightly more than half of the surgeons (140, 53 %) noted an increased interest in PSSE, based mostly from inquiries from patients and their families (Table 6). When asked what factors might increase the role of PSSE in the treatment of AIS, most surgeons stated increased evidence of efficacy. Perhaps, due to this identified need, a large majority of surgeons (223, 86 %) favored funding PSSE studies by the SRS.
Table 6 Responses to "Have you observed an increased interest in SSE?"
Treatment effectiveness of nonsurgical interventions for AIS remains under studied [18–20], with contradictory recommendations from research studies [2, 8, 20] and insufficient evidence to guide treatment. Specifically, Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis Specific Exercise (PSSE) treatment for AIS, although increasingly prevalent in Europe [1], have not been considered effective in North America. Spinal deformity surgeons, the Scoliosis Research Society and the Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation and Treatment (SOSORT) [20] have recognized the lack of evidence supporting exercise treatment. The SRS funded a pilot study of PSSE, which resulted in a current RCT ongoing in Canada comparing standard PT to PSSE in adolescent scoliosis patients at a single center [21]. Despite a steady increase in the discussion surrounding PSSE, the view of PSSE among spinal deformity surgeons remains largely unknown. This study reports on survey results from 263 spinal deformity surgeons, relating to their opinions and attitudes concerning exercise treatment for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS).
Reflective of the lack of strong evidence to support PT or PSSE to treat AIS, the majority (63 %) of respondents prescribed neither. Of those prescribing PT or PSSE, the number prescribing either or both was similar. In addition, despite the impression that PT and PSSE are more widely used in Europe [7–9, 15, 19, 20, 22] compared to North America, our study showed that there was no difference in prescribing patterns among the respondents based on region. Although, there was no difference in prescribing pattern for standard PT based on the surgeon's years in practice, older surgeons were more likely to prescribe PSSE. PSSEs were developed in an era where clinical traditions and methods were passed on [23], unlike today where knowledge is spread through rigorous study design and publication of findings. Thus, surgeons who have been in practice longer may have had more exposure to PSSEs.
Consistent with current clinical indications, the majority of the respondents prescribe PT and PSSE for small curves [7, 20, 22] and as an adjunct to brace treatment [14–16]. Current guidelines recommend PSSE in curves less than 25° to avoid bracing by stabilizing the spine, and obtaining 3D autocorrection of the spine, pelvis and rib cage [20]. Twenty-five degrees is the generally accepted threshold at which brace treatment is recommended [20, 24] Although 25 % of surgeons prescribed PT for treatment of pain; alleviation of pain was chosen as the most common goal of therapy, and only 3 % prescribed PSSE for pain. This may illustrate some confusion regarding the benefits of exercise in the AIS population.
Despite an increased patient awareness of nonsurgical treatments for AIS, the majority of surgeons do not prescribe PT or PSSE. Respondents stated that they did not refer AIS patients for standard PT or PSSE as they felt that these treatments were of no value in AIS and that there was no supporting research. Recognizing this need, there was an overwhelming response that there was a need for better evidence demonstrating efficacy and most favored funding PSSE research using SRS research dollars.
There are limitations to this study, foremost of which is the relatively small number of respondents at 22 %. This may raise the possibility of selection bias in that only surgeons with a specific interest in the non-operative treatment of AIS may have responded. Yet a substantial number of respondents indicated that they do not prescribe either PT or PSSE. Still, this is a starting point in initiating the discussion on the need for a more robust study on the effectiveness of either PT or PSSE in the treatment of AIS.
While effective nonsurgical treatment for AIS would represent an important benefit for many patients, demonstration of treatment efficacy has generally proven difficult. However, the success of the BRAiST study has created a renewed focus on the potential for other nonsurgical treatments, and an increased optimism that nonsurgical treatments may be effectively studied. The results of this survey demonstrate significant skepticism regarding the benefit of either standard PT or PSSE in the management of AIS, which is to be expected given the lack of evidence. On the other hand, the fact those spinal deformity surgeons indicated overwhelming support for SRS funded research suggests a belief that at least some patients might benefit from PSSE treatment. It certainly indicates a growing understanding among SRS surgeons that evidence development is the optimal way to answer these important questions.
The results of this survey show that 22 % of the respondents use PSSE for AIS, although skepticism remains regarding the benefit of PSSE for AIS. Support for SRS funded research suggests belief that there is potential benefit from PSSE and the best way to assess that potential is through evidence development.
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Spinal Dynamics of Wisconsin, 2300 North Mayfair Road, Suite 555, Wauwatosa, WI, 53226, USA
Cindy L. Marti
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 550 S. Jackson St., 1st Floor ACB, Louisville, 40202, Kentucky, USA
Steven D. Glassman
Norton Leatherman Spine Center, 210 East Gray Street, Suite 900, Louisville, 40202, Kentucky, USA
Steven D. Glassman & Leah Y. Carreon
Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
Patrick T. Knott
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
Michael T. Hresko
Leah Y. Carreon
Correspondence to Leah Y. Carreon.
CLM, PTK has nothing to disclose. SDG is an employee of and receives research grants from Norton Healthcare; and receives royalties from Medtronic. LYC is on the editorial advisory board of Spine and The Spine Journal, is a member of Institutional Review Board of the University of Louisville and is a Board Member of the Research Committee of the Socliosis Research Society and the Global Evidence Advisory Board of Medtronic; is an employee of and receives research grants from Norton Healthcare; receives research grants from AO Spine, Scoliosis Research Society and the Orthopedic Research and Educational Fund; received funds for travel from the Orthopedic Research and Educational Fund, Institutional Review Board of the University of Louisville, Association for Collaborative Spine Research and the Center for Spine Surgery and Research, Region of Southern Denmark, received honoraria from the National institutes of Health, Medtronic and the Children's Tumor Foundation. MTH received payments for lectures from DePuy Spine and manuscript preparation from the New England Journal of Medicine. SDG, LYC and MTH: Nuvasive provided funds directly to database company. No funds were paid directly to Individual or Individual's Institution 06/2012-04/2015.
CLM: conception and design, drafting the article, critically revising the article, reviewed submitted version of manuscript. SDG: acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting the article, critically revising the article, reviewed submitted version of manuscript, administrative/technical/material support. PTK: critically revising the article, reviewed submitted version of manuscript. LYC: critically revising the article, reviewed submitted version of manuscript, approved the final version of the manuscript on behalf of all authors, statistical analysis. MTH: critically revising the article, reviewed submitted version of manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
Marti, C.L., Glassman, S.D., Knott, P.T. et al. Scoliosis Research Society members attitudes towards physical therapy and physiotherapeutic scoliosis specific exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis 10, 16 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13013-015-0041-z
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13013-015-0041-z
Scoliosis specific exercise


There are such a large number of surrogacy focus in India, Where the entire treatment under which a fetus gets made with the assistance of an egg and sperm which are created by either the aiming folks or from benefactors and after that it get moved into the uterus of the surrogate mother. The positive purpose of the surrogacy treatment is that the woman why should going go about as a surrogate for the couple has no hereditary connection to the youngster as her eggs can not be utilized to consider the kid. The main advantage of surrogacy to the parents is that through this process first of all embryo is created from the woman's egg along with the help of a man's sperm so that this child may biologically belongs to them.


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Kyoto Animation, or KyoAni for short, is one of the most famous animation studios in Japan and is responsible for popular anime titles like The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya, Free!, K-On!, Tamako Market, Beyond the Boundary (Kyoukai no Kanata), and the Chuunibyou series.
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En Francia, pain de campagne (; 'pan de campo') o pain paysan ('pan paisano') es el nombre genérico moderno dado al pan de pueblo, es decir, aquellos que se elaboran de forma tradicional y artesana en los pueblos del país. Habitualmente son panes redondos, mezcla de centeno y trigo o bien solo de trigo. La masa se deja fermentar (pate fermenté). Se comenzó a referirse a ciertos panes 'de campagne' a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX con la industrialización de la panadería francesa. El que una vez fue el pan más consumido en Francia, cayó en el olvido siendo reemplazado por la baguette. El término abarca panes rústicos, de corteza amarga especialmente aquellos que cumplían con el sabor y las características del pan de antaño. Curiosamente, «es sobre todo un pan de ciudad».

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Angular 8 Deployment - Single-Page-Application Trouble After Updating Ubuntu Here's where I'm at after googling for a few days:
After updating ubuntu from 16.04 to 20.04, my application's routes no longer work properly. Going directly to url.com/web gets me to a "Cannot GET /web" screen.  Locally, going to url.com/web works fine.
This leads me to this:  Ubuntu no longer knows how to deal with the SPA after the update, and I need to set it up to reach index.html, using Path Location Strategy. And so, I've read, that I need to add this:
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html

I've done that, but it introduces another problem.  And I don't know if I'm adding it in the right way or  right spot.  I'm a boot camp grad and we didn't cover deployment much at all, but the following code was added to nginx.  Here's where I added the try_files code:
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            proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;

            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
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This might have fixed this one problem, but it causes my  not to load anything.  My basic index.html template loads, but doesn't populate the app-root. It's only a white screen.
I tried a number of variations, but I'm not experienced enough in this code to understand where my problem lies.  (Not to mention I don't really know what much of this deployment code actually does.)
Here's more information that I think is relevant:
server.js:
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const path = require("path");
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app.listen(8000, () => console.log("listening on port 8000"));
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app.all("*", (req,res,next) => {
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});

In app-routing.module.ts:
const routes: Routes = [
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];

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Angular 8.3.20
Ubuntu 20.04
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text:
Venturi – Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Policy
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This policy applies to our dealings with all its people as well as others engaged by or who work with the Venturi including, for example, clients, job applicants and other third parties.
Venturi believes in treating everyone equally and with the same attention, courtesy and respect regardless of their age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage/civil partnership, pregnancy/maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation. These will be referred to in this policy as the "protected characteristics"
For the purpose of this policy "Venturi" relates to both Venturi and Venturi Limited.
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Forms of discrimination
Discrimination can take a variety of forms including direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment, victimisation and, for those with a disability, discrimination arising from disability and a failure to make reasonable adjustments. A brief summary of each of these is set out in Appendix 1.
As an employer, it is Venturi's policy to treat all employees and job applicants equally and fairly and not to discriminate unlawfully against them. This will, for example, include arrangements for recruitment and selection, terms and conditions of employment, access to training opportunities, access to promotion and transfers, grievance and disciplinary processes, selection for redundancies, work allocation and any other employment-related activities.
Recruitment and selection
Venturirecognises the benefits of having a diverse workforce and will take steps to ensure that:
it endeavours to recruit from the widest pool of suitably qualified candidates possible
employment opportunities are open and accessible to all on the basis of their ability, skills, experience, appropriate qualifications and aptitude for the job
all recruitment agencies acting for Venturi align with our equality and diversity requirements and their own requirement not to unlawfully discriminate.
Terms and conditions of work
It is Venturi's policy to treat its people equally, to create a working environment which is free from unlawful discrimination and which respects, where possible, the diverse backgrounds and beliefs of partners and employees.
Working arrangements such as working hours, maternity and other leave arrangements, performance review systems and any other conditions of employment will not unlawfully discriminate against any employee in a way that cannot be justified on the basis of the protected characteristics.
Where appropriate, Venturi will endeavour to provide appropriate facilities and working arrangements which take into account the specific needs of employees which arise from their having any of, or being associated with, the protected characteristics.
Promotion and career development
Promotion within Venturi are made without reference to any of the protected characteristics and will be based solely on merit.
The selection criteria and processes for recruitment and promotion will be kept under review to ensure that there is no unlawful discriminatory impact on any particular group which cannot be justified.
While positive action measures may be taken in accordance with the relevant anti-discrimination legislation to encourage under-represented groups to apply for promotion opportunities, recruitment or promotion to all jobs will be based solely on merit.
All employees will have equal access to training and other career development opportunities appropriate to their experience and abilities. Venturi may take appropriate positive action (as permitted by the anti-discrimination legislation) to provide special training and support for groups which are under-represented in the workforce and encourage them to take up training and career development opportunities.
Appropriate Behaviour
It is expected that everyone in Venturi will conduct themselves in an appropriate manner, which can be characterised by:
treating others with dignity, trust and respect
having an awareness of the effects our behaviour may have on others
working collaboratively to achieve objectives
communicating openly and honestly, clearly stating what we mean and what we expect of others
giving and receiving constructive feedback as part of normal day-to-day activities, that is evidence based and delivered appropriately
starting from the assumption that everyone is working to the best of their abilities, taking account of the current stage of their professional development.
Unacceptable behaviour (including bullying, harassment and victimisation) may involve actions, words or physical gestures that could reasonably be perceived to be the cause of another person's distress or discomfort. Unacceptable behaviour does not have to be face-to-face, any may take many forms such as written, telephone or email communications or through social media. Unacceptable behaviour will be dealt with under the processes set out in our Anti-harassment and bullying policy.
All partners and line managers are expected to set an appropriate standard of behaviour, lead by example and ensure that those they manage adhere to the policy and promote our aims and objectives in relation to equal opportunity, diversity and inclusion.
Promoting and communicating equality and diversity
This policy is published on the Venturi's intranet and is also available to job applicants on the Venturi website. In addition, diversity, inclusion and equality training is provided on a regular basis.
All those who act on the Venturi's behalf will be informed of this policy and will be expected to comply with it .
In all its dealings, with clients and other third parties, Venturi will seek to promote the principles of diversity, inclusion and equality.
Venturi will make every effort to reflect its commitment to diversity, inclusion and equality in its marketing and communication activities where appropriate.
Implementing the policy
Responsibility and implementation
The Managing Director supported by the Director Of Operations has overall responsibly for the effective implementation and operation of this policy. The directors are expected to support them in this. This policy is also supported by the Venturi's Diversity and Inclusion group and the Customer Success team.
All Directors and employees of Venturi are expected to pay due regard to the provisions of this policy and should ensure compliance with it when undertaking their jobs or representing the company.
Acts of unlawful discrimination by partners, employees or others may result in disciplinary action, which in serious cases could result in summary dismissal. Please see our Disciplinary Procedure for more information. Failure to comply with this policy will be treated in a similar fashion.
Acts of unlawful discrimination by those acting on behalf of the Venturi will lead to appropriate action, which may include termination of services where appropriate.
Complaints of discrimination
Venturi will investigate all complaints of unlawful discrimination made by partners, employees, clients or other third parties in relation to Venturi and take action where appropriate. All complaints will be investigated in accordance with the Venturi's grievance or complaints procedure and the complainant will be informed of the outcome.
There will be no victimisation or retaliation against employees who complain about discrimination. However, making a false allegation deliberately and in bad faith will be treated as misconduct and dealt with under the Venturi's disciplinary procedure.
Venturi's Diversity and Inclusion group report into the Board of Directors.
Venturi collects, reports and monitors diversity data. This allows us to see the effectiveness of equality and diversity initiatives that have been implemented, as well as helping us to take appropriate steps to avoid unlawful discrimination. Having up-to-date and comprehensive data enables us to target and support initiatives within Venturi and illustrates our commitment to diversity and inclusion.
In particular, Venturi will (in accordance with SRA requirements), as appropriate and where possible, monitor and record:
The protected characteristics, whether someone has caring responsibilities and their educational background (to measure social mobility), at different levels of Venturi. This data is collected on a voluntary basis through Venturi's annual diversity survey. The HR system securely holds age, gender, disability, ethnic and national origins, sexual origination, religion or belief and disability data for employees and partners.
On a voluntary and anonymous basis the gender, ethnic group, disability, sexual orientation and age on of all applicants as part of the recruitment process for all jobs and training contracts. This data is kept separate from the candidates actual job application.
The number and outcome of any complaints of unlawful discrimination made by partners, employees, clients and other third parties in relation to Venturi and its business.
To support Venturi's business strategy, the Diversity and Inclusion group sets diversity and inclusion objectives. With specific priorities in mind the Diversity and Inclusion group will:
set specific areas of focus every 18-24 months
collect, monitor and report diversity and inclusion data
plan initiatives around agreed actions
execute those initiatives
evaluate initiatives to establish if they were successful.
Last updated January 2019
Appendix: forms of discrimination
Protected characteristics under the Equality Act 2010 (the "Act") are:
gender reassignment
marriage and civil partnership
pregnancy and maternity
race (including colour, nationality and ethnic or national origins)
religion or belief
sexual orientation.
Direct discrimination – occurs where a person is treated less favourably than another person because:
they have a protected characteristic
they are thought to have a protected characteristic
they associate with someone who has a protected characteristic.
Indirect discrimination – occurs when a provision, criterion or practice that applies to everyone but adversely affects people with the protected characteristic more than others and is not justified.
Discrimination arising from disability – occurs where a person is treated unfavourably because of something arising in consequence of their disability and that treatment is not justified.
Failure to make reasonable adjustments – occurs where Venturi fails to take such steps (adjustments) as are reasonable to alleviate disadvantages caused by a disability.
Harassment occurs when unwanted conduct related to a relevant protected characteristic takes place with the purpose or effect of violating a person's dignity or creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment. Harassment may involve physical acts or verbal and non-verbal communications and gestures. Harassment is dealt with in our anti-harassment and bullying policy.
Victimisation occurs when an employer subjects a person to a detriment because the person has carried out (or the employer believes they have or may have carried out) what is referred to as a 'protected act'. A protected act includes:
bringing proceedings under the Act
giving evidence or information in proceedings brought under the Act
doing anything which is related to the provisions of the Act
making an allegation that another person has done something in breach of the Act.


*Call charges are not included in the price. Clients will lose their telephone number after 6 months of non-payment.
Upgrade available only for our existing customers.
We are the only local Costa Blanca broadband Internet provider that actually has several independent global Internet providers. At any given moment we always have at least 50% of our network resources spare to ensure permanent Internet connection for our valued customers. This means that we always have a connection to the Internet for our customers.
Our certified network engineers constantly monitor network efficiency and expand the network whenever bottleneck is detected requiring expansion in this part of the network. When additional infrastructure is required our engineers strive to carry out upgrades as quickly as possible, using cutting edge equipment and technology to ensure robustness and reliability of the network which is reflected in our service provision.
Only pay for Internet service when you are here in Spain. We have two methods of making payment for services.
Bank Mandate. This method we apply for in arrears. If service is used in any calendar month you are billed for the complete month. You can switch the service off by filling the START/STOP form or by sending an email to stop email and we will action your request and reply to that effect. All full months when service is not used we do not require any payment, except if you are a phone customer, where a standing monthly charge of 5€ is always charged to keep the line active.
Pay as you go. You can call us and make payment for service using a credit or debit card. Minimum billing in our systems is 1 month. Service is usually switched on within minutes of us taking payment for the period you require. An internet based payment service should be available very soon.
For our customers we offer high quality Wireless Routers. The Wireless N Type Router is a combined wired/wireless network device designed specifically for small business, office, and home networking requirements. It complies with the IEEE 802.11n standard for wireless transmission speeds giving up to 300Mbit. The router features 100/1000Mbps ports to achieve the most effective data transmission.
You can start or stop any of your services here.


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The Power of Questions close notice
Society 787 Videos
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Bryan Stevenson
Air Date 07/14/2020
Lawyer and activist Bryan Stevenson on race and violence in America. 01:20:00
A compilation of conversations with author Ta-Nehisi Coates. 01:06:32
Philanthropy Today
A look at trends in philanthropic giving with Joel Fleishman and Darren Walker. 22:30
Sean Baker
Director Sean Baker introduces "The Florida Project." 15:36
Sally Quinn
Sally Quinn talks about her new book, "Finding Magic, A Spiritual Memoir." 21:20
A conversation with Laura Ingraham, the host of an upcoming new show on Fox News called "The Ingraham Angle." 21:43
Ta-Nehisi Coates introduces his new book, "We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy." 31:23
Hari Sreenivasan
Hari Sreenivasan of PBS NewsHour introduces his 11-part series exploring the nation's opioid crisis. 08:16
Tina Brown
Tina Brown addresses the allegations of abuse against Harvey Weinstein. 11:24
Las Vegas Shooting
Broadcast journalists Katty Kay and Major Garrett report the latest news on Sunday's mass shooting in Las Vegas. 13:27
Las Vegas Updates
Jon Sopel of the BBC and Paul Viollis of CBS News report on Sunday's mass shooting at a concert in Las Vegas. 09:37
Frances Townsend
Frances Townsend, CBS News security analyst, on the government's response to a mass shooting in Las Vegas. 09:32
Guest host Jeff Glor introduces breaking CBS News coverage of a mass shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada. 12:38
Concert for Charlottesville
Musicians Pharrell Williams and Dave Matthews discuss Sunday's Concert for Charlottesville. 32:20
Major Garrett
Major Garrett reports on the violence at a white nationalist rally this weekend in Charlottesville. 10:40
A conversation about race and violence in Charlottesville with Reverend Al Sharpton and historian Jon Meacham. 22:20
Dan Balz
Dan Balz of the Washington Post provides an update on the shooting in Alexandria. 12:22
Senator Elizabeth Warren
Senator Elizabeth Warren discusses her book, "This Fight Is Our Fight." 35:02
Arkansas Death Penalty
Fmr. inmate Damien Echols, David Boies, and Lorri Davis discuss the Arkansas death penalty. 42:18
DVF Awards
Diane von Furstenberg and Dr. Jane Goodall with a look at the Annual DVF Awards. 15:39
Tina Brown on last week's "Women in the World" summit. 17:45
Remembering David Rockefeller
A look at the legacy of banker and philanthropist David Rockefeller. 14:10
Tyler Cowen
Tyler Cowen presents his new book, "The Complacent Class: The Self-Defeating Quest for the American Dream." 12:28
Jared Cohen
Jared Cohen of Jigsaw on the company's focus on countering online bullying and violent extremism. 14:57
Reynold Levy
Reynold Levy, the president of the Robin Hood Foundation, New York City's largest poverty alleviation organization. 26:03
Filmmaker Raoul Peck introduces "I Am Not your Negro," an examination of the legacy of writer James Baldwin. 19:00
Trump's Supreme Court Nomination
A panel discusses the Supreme Court nomination of conservative Judge Neil Gorsuch. 23:38
Author Ta-Nehisi Coates reflects on the life and presidency of Barack Obama. 27:52
Deborah Tannen
Linguistics professor Deborah Tannen introduces her book "You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation." 11:15
Senators Booker and Scott
Senators Tim Scott and Cory Booker introduce the new Museum of African American History and Culture. 28:12
Bryan Stevenson discusses the opening of the first memorial honoring victims of lynching in the U.S.. 27:32
Bill Bratton
Departing NYPD Commissioner Bill Bratton on his career and changes in the department. 32:35
Obama in Dallas
A discussion about President Obama's speech in Dallas with journalists Alan Blinder and Peter Baker. 12:05
Calvin Trillin
Author Calvin Trillin introduces his new book, "Jackson 1964: Five Decades Of Reporting On Race." 15:21
A discussion of policing with Bill Bratton, New York City Police Commissioner. 17:48
Charles Blow
A discussion of race and violence with columnist Charles Blow. 13:45
Manny Fernandez
Manny Fernandez, Houston bureau chief of the New York Times, reports from Dallas on the aftermath of shootings there. 09:15
Jelani Cobb
Jelani Cobb discusses gun control and racially-motivated violence in the wake of shootings in Dallas. 17:42
A report from Dallas on the shooting of several police officers after the deaths of Philando Castile and Alton Sterling. 04:04
The New York Times columnist on politics, Brexit, technology, and foreign policy. 38:31
Adam Liptak
Adam Liptak provides an update on the Supreme Court's ruling on abortion restrictions. 04:21
Nejra Cehic
An update on the Brexit with Nejra Cehic of Bloomberg News. 03:30
Norman Ornstein
Norman Ornstein introduces his book, "It's Even Worse Than It Was." 10:43
'O.J.: Made in America'
A look at the documentary "O.J.: Made in America." 24:31
Mariela Castro
Mariela Castro talks about campaigning for HIV prevention and gay rights in her home country. 34:55
Remembering Ali
Excerpts from conversations about Mohammad Ali in the show's archive. 06:42
The Legacy of Ali
A conversation about the legacy of boxing champion Muhammed Ali with David Remnick, Robert Lipsyte, Bob Costas, and Ellis Cose 38:40
Reverend Jesse Jackson
Civil rights activist and minister Jesse Jackson discusses the legacy of Muhammad Ali. 07:30
Lucy Kalanithi
Lucy Kalanithi, widow of Paul Kalanithi, who wrote "When Breath Becomes Air" after his diagnosis of cancer. 16:51
Josh Sapan
The president and C.E.O. of AMC talks about television and the network's new documentary series, "Take 5." 16:24
The historian introduces his new book, "The Black Presidency: Barack Obama and the Politics of Race in America." 19:19
Jim Steyer
The founder and C.E.O. of Common Sense Media on advocating for children, media, and legislation. 14:43
Radhika Jones
Radhika Jones, deputy editor of Time magazine, discusses its annual list of the world's 100 most influential people. 08:15
The CBS correspondent introduces her new book, "Becoming Grandma: The Joys and Science of the New Grandparenting." 12:18
Tina Brown, C.E.O. of Tina Brown Media, discusses the importance of the Women in the World summit. 09:30
Dan Doctoroff
Dan Doctoroff, the founder of Sidewalk Labs, discusses LinkNYC and the challenges common to big cities. 12:12
The Latino Vote
Sol Trujillo, Aida Alvarez, and Henry Cisneros discuss the power Latino voters could exert in upcoming elections. 20:00
A. O. Scott
A. O. Scott introduces his book, "Better Living Through Criticism: How to Think About Art, Pleasure, Beauty, and Truth." 16:40
Nancy Gibbs
Nancy Gibbs on her interview with Apple's president Tim Cook and his fight against the FBI to protect iPhone encryption. 15:40
Oscars Controversy
A panel discussion about the 88th Academy Awards and the controversy over the lack of minority nominees. 20:13
The Legacy of RBG
Conversations with Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
Classic interviews from the archive.
Actors on Shakespeare
Actors discuss their roles in stage and film adaptations.
Special Performances
A playlist of the musicians and singers who have performed in the Charlie Rose studio.
Winners of the Nobel Prize for literature, medicine, science, peace and economics.
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For the Australian rower, see John Campbell (Australian rower).
John Alan Campbell (13 April 1899 – 20 February 1939) was a British rower who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics.
Campbell was educated at Melbourne Grammar School and Jesus College, Cambridge. He rowed for Cambridge in the Boat Race in 1920. In 1920 he was a crew member of the British boat, which won the silver medal in the eights at the Summer Olympics. In 1921 he rowed in the Boat Race again and won Silver Goblets at Henley Royal Regatta partnering Humphrey Playford.
This biographical article relating to British rowing is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
This page was last edited on 15 August 2018, at 18:47 (UTC).


The Police have been operating the National Driver Offender Retraining Scheme (NDORS) as a pre Criminal Justice disposal option for minor moving Road Traffic Offences since 1991. This was developed from the recommendations in the Road Traffic Law Review of 1988 and evidence would support that these courses are popular with the public.
The driver/rider pays for the cost of the course in lieu of the fine that is in place for the offence and an incentive is that no penalty is recorded against them on successful completion of a course.
A driver can only access each course once in 3 years; further offences of a similar nature will be dealt with via the Criminal Justice system. To enforce this regime NDORS maintain a national register of drivers attending these courses.
Been offered a course? Want to know more? Want to take it in STAFFORDSHIRE?
For Drivers who have been offered a Speed Awareness Course.
For Drivers who have been offered a Safe & Considerate Driver Course.
For Drivers who have been offered a National Motorway Awareness Course.
The Health and Safety Policy is available to view at each venue. A copy of our complaints procedure is available upon request.


For a while, I stared at my overpriced blender in the kitchen contemplating whether I should take it back. "I already have blenders (I thought to myself). I'll probably never use this thing." Boy was I wrong. After getting a couple uses from my Blentec, I fell in love with the convenience and decided to make it part of my (nearly) daily routine.
Then, as time went on, I started adding more and more ingredients to my morning mix. Today, it has evolved into a mash up of various powders, oils, and such. I'm not sharing all of this to tell you to go out and buy all of these things. Instead, use this as inspiration as you build your own smoothie routine.
This seems like a lot of work to put together into one smoothie. But honestly, I've gotten into a rhythm and now it takes no time at all. The Blentec has settings that allow it to turn off automatically once your drink is mixed. This buys me time to put all the products away while my smoothie is being crafted.
I'd be lying to you if I said that my smoothie tastes delicious. It's not repulsive by any means but I don't add enough sweet fruits to counter act the mild taste of the greens. Honestly, I love the way it tastes because I know that with every sip, my body is being flooded with loads of nutrients.
My skin loves it, it's pretty filling and my energy levels stay high. Whenever I'm traveling, or if I'm "too busy" to make my smoothie, I feel like I missed out on something. Starting off one's morning doing something good for yourself can impact your entire day.
So there you have it, my amped up smoothie ingredients. Drink up!
I would love to have a morning smoothie that is packed with nutrients!! Could you describe how much of each that your smoothie consists of?


The German companies BASF, Evonik Industries, PolyIC, Siemens, and Elantas Beck, an Altana subsidiary, have launched an alliance to develop printable radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags. Called MaDriX, the project is sponsored by the German Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF). The project's goal is to employ new materials such as electrically conductive and semiconducting plastics in high-throughput printing processes. RFID tags made in this way, the partners predict, will be less expensive than current silicon-based RFID tags and cheap enough to replace printed bar codes. The three-year project will cost roughly $22 million; BMBF will contribute about half of this amount. PolyIC is involved in component characterization, process development, and demonstrator setup. Chemical makers BASF, Evonik, and Elantas Beck will supply new materials for semiconductors and circuit insulators. Siemens is developing real-time inspection processes for quality control. A number of universities and research institutes are also involved in the MaDriX project.


"Most tech women think they need more confidence and better skills" to land the roles and salaries that bust them out of the wage and leadership ghetto in tech fields.
That's according to Lauren Hasson, founder of DevelopHER, who has been flying around the country—quite literally—speaking,and on a mission to help women peel back the curtain on what it really takes to forge a path in the tech world, and to be the CEO of their own careers.
Lauren Hasson, founder of DevelopHER.
I sat down to talk with Hasson, who is also a software engineer in financial tech with 17 been-there-done-that years under her belt, to ask her specifically about salary research as the path to asking with confidence. We both roll our eyes about the never-ending stream of articles and posts advising women to speak up but don't be too strong, sell yourself but don't brag, do somersaults and pirouettes, but don't make others feel less-than, etc.
Gather Data on Salary Sites: While most people are familiar with sites like glassdoor.com and salary.com, the key is to not only research your title, but like titles. If you're a software engineer, you might also look at product engineer, or product developer. And, go up the ladder and look at senior and director level salaries—not only to get a sense of the trajectory, but to determine what role/title might actually fit your experience, education, strengths and skills.
Gather Public Information: You can gather a lot of intel by peeling through the company's website, focusing on "our people" to get a sense of leadership, depth of expertise, apparent hiring strategies, hierarchy, gender balance, etc. Googling for company news on leadership, funding cycles, growth, hiring, layoffs, company culture, etc. (Crunchbase might be helpful here.) This information will reveal pain points that you may be uniquely poised to solve.
Gather Information from Your Network: To increase your chances of stepping out of the wage gap box, ask your male colleagues inside and outside your company what they are making or expect to make, and reach out to hiring managers and recruiters about companies/roles you might have your sights set on.
Gather Information on Yourself: What quantifiable results do you routinely produce? What are your strengths and superpowers? And what are the repeating themes in your work as a result of deploying those strengths? Answering those questions will reveal not only your hard skills and quantifiable impact, but what Hasson calls "your secret weapons"—intangibles, soft skills, and unique capabilities that can solve your employer's pain and add value and give you leverage at the negotiation table.
NOW THAT YOU HAVE ALL THE DATA, WHAT DO YOU DO WITH IT?
Both Hasson and I recommend creating a spreadsheet that you bring to your negotiation. Share it with your negotiation partner. This data, along with a sequenced strategy and written scripts you've prepared in advance will help you respond to pushback objectively—not emotionally—and move the conversation toward agreement. Doing this also demonstrates your leadership in the hands of your potential employer.
Register for DevelopHer's "The Negotiat[HER] Course." She Negotiates' subscribers can get 10% off Hasson's online course designed specifically for tech women. Use code LGATES.
Watch my online course, "Asking for a Raise," at Lynda.com or LinkedIn Learning and walk through the entire strategic planning process.


A group of American hackers helped the United Arab Emirates spy on the chairman of Al Jazeera and other prominent Arab media figures.
How much do you know about elections in Qatar?
You might have seen some campaign billboards on different streets in Qatar, have you ever wondered what are they for? Click to discover!
This promising startup sells Qatar-inspired keepsakes in museums and even in the airport for 15 months now. Click here to know more about it!
Avoid going to sea and just stay home over the weekend to keep yourselves dry, according to the Qatar Weather Department.
What kind of initiatives has the MoPh announced for women and children's health and wellbeing? Read the article and find out.
Msheireb Downtown, Qatar's destination for leisure, living and business, will be home to the first Monoprix in Qatar with the smart retail solution.
Forget the HIA's yellow bear and Souq Waqif's thumb monument for a while. If you want to get an extra closer look at some of Qatar's lesser-known public art pieces, click here!
The fresh number represents an annual increase of 2.7 percent, according to the statistics authority.


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Friday, 12:46pm
Rick Poynor responds to 'New Views 2'
'It's the end of graphic design as we know it.' See Eye 69
Insular, egocentric, tongue-tied – and over. Yet if there is more visual communication than ever before, why do educationists insist on lamenting graphic design's imminent demise? Rick Poynor responds to some perplexing findings at the 'New Views 2' conference held at the London College of Communication. Read Rick's Monitor article 'It's the end of graphic design as we know it' in the latest issue of Eye, no. 69 vol. 18.
Eye is the world's most beautiful and collectable graphic design journal, published quarterly for professional designers, students and anyone interested in critical, informed writing about graphic design and visual culture. It is available from all good design bookshops and online at the Eye shop, where you can buy subscriptions and single issues.
Change the rules of the game
Books received #39
(Typographic) Noted #92
Spirit of the Paraná
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Scarcity and silence: Amc2
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Dark tools of desire


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'Objectified' Review: A Hurricane of Consumer Values
By Alissa Walker 3 minute Read
There's a moment, at the beginning of the documentary Objectified, where Jonathan Ive, Apple's head of design, takes his iPhone out of his pocket and wipes it along the hem of his shirt to remove the fingerprints. This made the 1000-odd SXSW attendees who watched the film's premiere at the Paramount Theater in Austin squeal with glee. Apple designers, they're just like us!
The second design-interested film by director Gary Hustwit has plenty of moments that will resonate with design wonks. (His first, Helvetica, swept graphic designers and type freaks off their feet in 2007; he hinted at the premiere that he has another design film in the works, but his lips are sealed.) Objectified covers both those lust-worthy objects and the origins of our desire, and throughout the film it's tough not to keep a running inventory of the featured products: Got it, want it, want it, want it, got it…ooooh, want it! But it also offers real insight into the design process as well as the cultural impact of our designed life. The film opens with the jarring manufacturing process of a Magis chair (with the title of the film being CNC-milled into what looks like the same plastic material). By the time it lands on the factory floor, we're exhausted. It took all that to make…that?
The stars from the design world come at us fast and often. Alice Rawsthorn, beautifully composed on a couch, her black hair swept precariously across her face, is our design historian. The folks at Smart Design, including Davin Stowell and Dan Formosa, serve as tour guides through ergonomics and prototyping stages. Dieter Rams, German design master, is the guru, reciting his Ten Commandments of Good Design over a montage of products he designed for Braun (later we see a Braun coffee maker left out on the curb and it's as sad as seeing an abandoned child). Marc Newson is the visionary: "I want to be able to have things that don't exist." Bill Moggridge, who coined the term "interaction design," walks us through the moment that he first noticed it wasn't about the cool GRiD Compass laptop he designed, but what was on the screen that mattered. And Paola Antonelli is the eternal, ebullient advocate, preaching for designers as policy-makers in government and social issues.
Hustwit's cinematic style is as crisp and modern as a Design Within Reach catalog. An exuberant trip through Ikea promotes feel-good consumerism like a Swedish indie rock video (we hear it was actually filmed by strapping a camera down to one of Ikea's carts and wheeling it through the showroom). Target and MUJI also get nods for their focus on design with shop-n-rock sections. The opening montage quirkily highlights how many things are "designed" with all the playfulness of a film by Charles and Ray Eames–and alludes to almost all the products covered later in the film.
Only one section is, predictably, painful to watch. At a electronics disposal facility, wires are snipped like tendons, beige towers of computers splinter under their own weight. IDEO handles the sustainability segment using the now-famous "toothbrush incident" recounted by Valerie Casey in her story about founding the Designers Accord, where a toothbrush designed by IDEO washed up on a beach on Fiji. IDEO sucks up a ton of screen time design-thinking their way towards a better toothbrush, but in the end we're left with David Kelley talking about his father's leather briefcase, which actually gets better with age so he plans to pass it down to his kids. Can designers design a toothbrush like that? Probably not. Has it been made even more horrifically obvious how difficult it will be to solve this problem? Definitely. But perhaps there's something in the words of Karim Rashid, his hot pink aura radiating around him, who wishes that everything was made from biodegradable cardboard or sugarcane since we're just going to toss it anyway.
The best lines in the film are not spoken by a designer but by a cultural critic, columnist and author (and FC contributor) Rob Walker. Although he explains plenty about the tyranny of obsolescence, over shots of quirky tsochkes (which Walker told us was not his stuff, even though it feels like the camera's just waltzing through his own home) he says he'd really like to see a campaign for "things you already own, why not enjoy them today?" This leaves us with an emotionally-resonant end to the film: "The hurricane is coming," says Walker. "What do you grab first?" Throughout the film, the designers each labor to explain to us how human-centered their designs are, yet it's the misshapen clay figurines and cheap handmade toys that truly define who we are. Although I'm pretty sure if the hurricane was coming, you'd still grab your iPhone.
Related: Gary Hustwit's "Objectified"
Alissa is a design writer for publications like Fast Company, GOOD and Dwell who can most often be found in Los Angeles. She likes to walk, ride the bus, and eat gelato


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Dr. Bret Smith is Chair of the Department of Neuroscience and Professor of Neuroscience and Physiology at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine, and serves as the director of the UK Epilepsy Research Center. He earned a bachelor's degree in Biology from Gustavus Adolphus College in Minnesota and a PhD in Anatomy and Neurobiology from the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. After postdoctoral training in synaptic physiology, he served on the faculty of the Cell and Molecular Biology Department at Tulane University in New Orleans prior to moving to Kentucky. He is an expert in the studies of neuronal interactions in the mammalian brain and how those interactions change in disease states. He conducts studies to determine how neural function in brain circuits that regulate visceral sensory-motor integration are affected by and influence feeding and metabolism. His interest in neurogastronomy involves the brain's control of eating, energy balance, and metabolism.
Brain Food: Does the Brain Control Metabolism or Vice Versa?


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SAQA 0008/16 NLRD Request for tender: Namibia Qualifications Framework System requirements for the Namibia Qualifications Framework Information Management System (NQFIMS)
SAQA 0007/16 DFA Request for tender: Rendering of Short Term Insurance Services for a period of three (3) years
Awarded To: Mmela Financial Services
2016/SAQA/0006/16-NLRD-01 Maintenance and Development of the National Learners` Records Database
Awarded To: Awarded to Praxis Computing (Pty) Ltd
2016/SAQA/0005/16-NLRD-02 Request for proposals: SAQA seeks to run a project to scan and digitally store records of learners....
Awarded To: Awarded to Cheque Processing (Pty) Ltd
2016/SAQA/0002/16-IT-02 Request for proposals: Maintenance and support of IBM Notes, all custom Domino applications and IBM Connections
Awarded To: My Solutions
2016/SAQA/0004/16-IT-04 Request for proposals: Purchasing, Commissioning, Maintenance and Support of a new Storage Area Network (SAN
Awarded To: Business Connexion
2016/SAQA/0001/16-IT-01 Request for proposals: Administration and maintenance of the SAQA Oracle, MS SQL- and MySQL databases (DBA Services)
2015/SAQA/0002/15-HR-01 Request for Proposals for the appointment of a service provider that will place advertisements in the printed media for SAQA over a period of three (3) years
Awarded To: Human Communications (Pty) Ltd
SAQA 0002/15 HR Request for Proposals for the appointment of a service provider that will place advertisements in the printed media for SAQA over a period of three (3) years
2013/SAQA-CLEANING-0008/13-DFA Rendering of Cleaning Services
Awarded To: Masana Hygiene Services


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Keith Pickard (born 1962) is a former Republican member of the Nevada Senate. He represented the 20th district, which covers parts of the southern Las Vegas Valley. Pickard formerly represented the 22nd district in the Nevada Assembly.

Biography
Keith Pickard was born in Long Beach, California, in 1962, moving to Portland, Oregon, at the age of five. He graduated from Brigham Young University in 1990 and received his Juris Doctor from the William S. Boyd School of Law in 2011.

Pickard ran for the Assembly in 2016, defeating Richard Bunce in the Republican primary and Luis Aguirre-Insua in the general election.

Pickard ran for the Nevada Senate in 2018, for the seat being vacated by state Senate Minority Leader Michael Roberson, defeating Byron Brooks in the Republican primary and Julie Pazina in the General Election.

Electoral history

References

External links

 Campaign website
 Legislative website

1962 births
Living people
Latter Day Saints from Nevada
Brigham Young University alumni
Republican Party members of the Nevada Assembly
Nevada lawyers
People from Henderson, Nevada
People from Long Beach, California
Politicians from Portland, Oregon
William S. Boyd School of Law alumni
21st-century American politicians


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Industrial Hemp in Carbon Farming
carbonfarm
Industrial hemp has been scientifically proven to absorb more CO2 per hectare than any forest or commercial crop and is therefore an ideal carbon sink (1). The CO2 is permanently bonded within the fibre that is used for anything from textiles to building materials. Hemp fibres are currently used by BMW in Germany to replace plastics in car construction.
Industrial Hemp can be constantly replanted and, as such, meets crop permanence criteria as defined by the Kyoto Protocol.
Industrial hemp is not marijuana. Industrial hemp is a variety of Cannabis Sativa with levels of the chemical Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis, below 0.2% by weight. Hemp has been developed to grow long fibres and can be planted in high density, maximising the biomass produced per unit area of cultivation. Jersey Hemp is a low-level biomass producer currently concentrating on the food and nutritional uses of the plant.
Jersey Hemp and The Carbon Farm believe that regeneratively farmed industrial hemp could contribute significantly to Jersey's ambition to be carbon neutral by 2030.
A brief history of hemp
Historically, cultivation of hemp has been in Jersey since the 15th century most notably to produce ropes for naval vessels. In the mid 1930's, the invention of nylon and the spread of plastics saw a general trend away from all things natural. At the same time, use of marijuana as a recreational drug increased and hemp was included in the ban on cultivation of any plant of the cannabis family. With political pressure from the US, the stigma attached to hemp cultivation became global.
Governments around the world have slowly realized that this valuable crop is not a threat and have encouraged the planting of hemp as a means of CO2 sequestration (2).
Major global hemp producers include Canada, France, and China. In several countries, farmers have been rewarded with carbon credits for growing the crop. (3)
Hemp can be grown on existing agricultural land (unlike most forestry projects) and can be included as part of a farm's crop rotation with positive effects on yields, pest and disease resistance for follow on crops.
The Channel Islands have been leading the UK hemp market by encouraging the growth of industrial hemp and issuing licenses to companies that meet stringent criteria. Jersey Hemp was awarded a license for the cultivation of hemp in 2017.
The science behind hemp as a carbon sink
One hectare of industrial hemp can absorb 22 tonnes of CO2 (4). If soil conditions have sufficient soil organic matter (SOM), between 5-10%, and the correct fungal: bacterial ratio for hemp is present, "Under appropriate conditions, 30-40% of the carbon fixed in green leaves can be transferred to soil and rapidly humified, resulting in rates of soil carbon sequestration in the order of 5-20 tonnes of CO2 per hectare per year". (5)
It is possible to grow 2 crops per year in the right soil conditions and hemp's ability to grow rapidly, up to 4 meters in 100 days, makes it a great candidate crop for CO2 sequestration and soil carbon retention – more efficient than agro-forestry.
Carbon Crop
Plant biomass is produced by the photosynthetic conversion of atmospheric carbon to form carbohydrates which are transported to plant regions requiring growth. The carbon uptake of hemp can be validated by calculations derived from dry weight yield (6). The total biomass fresh weight is recorded at the weighbridge for commercial and licensing reasons prior to processing and the dry weight is recorded after processing for compliance. Accurate figures for total biomass yield and carbon uptake can be obtained, giving a level of certainty not available through any other natural carbon absorption process such as carbon offsets for tree planting.
Carbon uptake estimates are calculated by examining the carbon content of the molecules that make up the fibres of the hemp stem. Industrial hemp stems consist primarily of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the following proportions:
Cellulose is 70% of stem dry weight. Cellulose is a homogeneous linear polymer constructed of repeating glucose units. The carbon content of cellulose accounts for 45% of its molecular mass (7).
Hemicellulose is 22% of stem dry weight. Hemicellulose provides a linkage between cellulose and lignin. It has a branched structure consisting of various pentose sugars with a carbon content of 48% (7).
Lignin is 6% of stem dry weight. Lignin is a strengthening material usually located between the cellulose microfibrils. The lignin molecule has a complex structure that is variable with carbon constituting 40% of the molecular mass (8).
It follows that every tonne (T) of industrial hemp biomass contains 0.445 tonnes of carbon absorbed from the atmosphere (44.46% of stem dry weight). (9)
According to the IPCC (10) 12 tonnes of carbon equates to 44 tonnes of CO2, equating to 1.63 tonnes of CO2 absorption per tonne of hemp biomass harvested. On a land use basis, using Jersey Hemp's and UK hemp yield averages of 5.5 to 8 T/ha, this represents 8.9 to 13.4 tonnes of CO2 absorbed per hectare (ha) of hemp cultivation.
For estimation purposes, we use an average figure of 10 T/ha of CO2 absorption in the above ground canopy, a figure we hold to be a reasonably conservative estimate. This is used to predict carbon yields, but CO2 offsets will be based on dry weight yields as measured after drying the biomass.
The roots and leaf mulch (not including the hard to measure fibrous root material) left in situ represents approximately 20% of the mass of the harvested material in initial field trials. The resulting carbon content absorbed and remaining in the soil, is estimated to be 0.084 tonnes per tonne of harvested material. (42% w/w) (11).
Yield estimates of 5.5 – 8 tonnes of biomass per hectare representing 0.46 to 0.67 tonnes of absorbed carbon per hectare or 1.67 to 2.46 t/ha of CO2 (1) which remains in situ after hemp cultivation. Allowing for 16% atmospheric moisture content by dry weight, final estimates of CO2 absorption are as follows:-
CO2 Absorbed per tonne of hemp stem 1.37t
CO2 Absorbed per hectare (stem) (Jersey) 7.47 to 11.25t
CO2 Absorbed per hectare (root and leaf) Jersey) 1.40 to 2.06t
Industrial hemp is a self-offsetting crop.
According to Aether, Jersey farming emitted a total CO2 equivalent of 14,814 tonnes in GHGs in 2017 (12). Jersey's agricultural land covers 6,000 hectares. This amounts to an average of around 2.5 tonnes of CO2 per hectare – total embodied emissions. The use of regenerative farming practices means there is no requirement to add synthetic fertilisers and the need to use herbicides and pesticides is minimal, making hemp a great CO2 drawdown crop and an attractive crop for carbon offset options.
Soil and Soil Carbon Sequestration
Hemp can be grown on sandy soils with minimal watering. It can be cultivated on existing agricultural land, unlike most forestry projects, and can be included as part of a farms crop rotation, with positive effects on yields as well as pest and disease resistance of follow on crops. It therefore aligns with the Jersey Governments' plan to diversify agriculture.
Agriculture in Jersey mainly consists of potato growing and dairy herds. Neither potato or dairy farming practices return significant crop biomass to the soil and the traditional practice of applying vrack (local seaweed) is rarely practiced today. As a result, Jerseys' agricultural soils are lacking soil organic matter (SOM) in the topsoil. Ideally, SOM should comprise around 5-10% of the topsoil mass, however, in highly depleted potato and dairy fields SOM averages between 2.5-3.25% according to government estimates. Conventional chemical and nutrient depleting farming methods remove SOM and contribute to GHG emissions. Conversely, soil regeneration practices increase soil carbon content and assist in the sequestration of CO2.
Jersey Hemp follow a rule of soil health management known as "the law of returns". The law states that whatever you remove from the land, you must return in some form or another. As hemp cultivation removes nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and organic matter, The Carbon Farm returns these and other nutrient cycling benefits, by producing and applying Biocomplete™ compost – a practice encouraged by the Soil Food Web (13). Soil is a bank account – you cannot withdraw more than you put in and that is why Jersey Hemp have invested in their own on farm composting facility.
Has Covid-19 presented an opportunity for farming?
"Covid-19 has shown that nature can recover in a very short time if we stop polluting it and farmers reduce harmful inputs by transitioning to regenerative farming practices" (14).
While Jerseys' communal composting site was shut down during the height of the covid crisis, garden waste, alongside other organic waste, including food waste, was incinerated. During this period, the parish of St. Saviour delivered 34.5 tonnes of green waste to Warwick Farm (Jersey Hemp) for composting. We estimate that this prevented 9,000 tonnes of CO2 in one month from entering the atmosphere as CO2.
The Biocomplete™ compost produced at Warwick Farm contains high levels of colloidal humates of which 60% is carbon. The compost is spread on organic fields cultivated using a no till approach with a minimum 8-way cover crop. The addition of high organic matter compost to soils increases the soil carbon content providing a source of nutrition for soil microorganisms, while at the same time fixing nitrogen, mobilising potassium, phosphorus, and other nutrients. Under appropriate conditions 30-40% of the carbon fixed in green leaves can be transferred to soil and rapidly humified, resulting in rates of soil carbon sequestration in the order of 5-20 tonnes of CO2 per hectare per year. (5)
According to Lehmann and Marcus Kleber of Oregon State University "Soil organic matter makes up and absorbs more carbon than the world's vegetation and the atmosphere combined. So small changes in the soil carbon content have huge impacts on the climate." (15). Similar findings have been endorsed at COP21 where the majority of countries supported the French 4 per 1000 initiative (16).
The above figures do not account for the additional carbon dioxide that is negated by substituting unsustainable raw materials to end products derived from harvested hemp, which further lock in CO2. The absence of equipment such as a decorticator in Jersey limits our options in this respect. According to American Lime Technology, Hemcrete locks up around 110kg of CO2 per m3 of wall compared to the 200kg of CO2 emitted by standard concrete. It also excludes the carbon savings from replacing tree-derived products and leaving trees to continue to absorb CO2.
In the past, Jersey Hemp's biomass has been utilized as a carbon rich ingredient for the biologically complete compost which is used to increase the humic acid of soil in the fields at Warwick farm.
As a crop, hemp is environmentally friendly and is naturally insect resistant requiring no herbicides, pesticide or fungicides. Hemp grows rapidly in comparison to trees and therefore starts absorbing CO2 from a very early stage.
Industrial hemp needs limited maintenance and increases soil carbon when farmed regeneratively because of its deep rooting characteristics.
Hemp grows in diverse soil types and conditions without the need for chemical support. It improves soil structure while also protecting and binding soil when farmers replace fertilisers with quality aerobic compost. The long roots of the hemp plant assist the binding process and combat erosion. Hemp is a natural weed suppressant due to the rapid growth of its canopy blocking light out so weeds cannot grow underneath. In addition, hemp adds nutrients to the soil by tapping into sub-soil nutrients other plants cannot access.
The cannabinoids present in hemp biomass are known to be anti-insecticidal and destroy root knot nematodes and other soil pests when returned to the soil, resulting in improved potato yields the following season (17)
Hemp cleans toxins from the ground by a process called phytoremediation. It was used in Russia to remove radioactive elements following the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. Work undertaken in Germany (18) suggested that hemp could be grown on soils contaminated with heavy metals, while the fibre remained virtually free of the metals. Hemp is currently being trialed as a ''mop up crop'' to rehabilitate soils that have been contaminated by agricultural chemicals and where soils have become acidic due to acid rain. Planting a hemp crop restores the PH balance.
Industrial hemp has the potential to replace unsustainable raw materials. The vast quantities of hemp derived products and raw materials created by large scale cultivation could replace many oil-based unsustainable products and materials, particularly in construction, locking in captured CO2 and creating secondary benefits to the global environment. In particular, hemp has the potential to replace significant quantities of tree derived products, reducing the demand on existing tree populations, thus maintaining their CO2 uptake.
Hemp produces stronger and more versatile fibre than cotton, flax or jute, which often have high chemical input and water requirements. The extra processing required by hemp is partially offset by its recycling potential. Industrial hemp has thousands of uses with virtually no waste.
The cultivation of industrial hemp in Jersey plays an important role in reducing pollution, conserving precious water resources and improving soil quality.
Industrial hemp is unmatched as a means of sequestering carbon and binding it permanently in the materials it is manufactured into. The accreditation of industrial hemp as a generator of carbon credits along with regenerative farming practices will make its cultivation more attractive in the future.
Each additional percentile of carbon in the soil is considered equivalent to £240.00 – £480.00 of fertilizer stored beneath ground (19). Regenerative farms are seeing soil carbon levels rise from a baseline of 1-2% up to 5-8% over ten years. The Carbon Farm aims to increase SOM by 3% per annum through the implementation of biological soil analysis and embracing soil remediation programmes.
Adopting regenerative farming practices can help contribute to Jerseys' Net Zero ambition, improve Jerseys' water security and enhance biosecurity and ecosystems.
James Vosper, BSCHons, FRGS GoodEarth Resources Pty Ltd
http://www.agriplexgroup.com.au
https://ihempmichigan.com/wp-content/uploads/Industrial-Hemp-as-Carbon-Farming.pdf
Grießhammer, R. and C. Hochfeld. 2009
Christine Jones 2009 https://www.amazingcarbon.com/
Anne Belinda Thomsen, Soren Rasmussen, Vibeke Bohn, Kristina Vad Nielsen and Anders Thygese (2005) Hemp raw materials: The effect of cultivar, growth conditions and pretreatment on the chemical composition of the fibers. Riso National Laboratory Roskilde Denmark March 2005. ISBN 87-550-3419-5.
Puls,J., J. Schuseil (1993). Chemistry of hemicelluloses: Relationship between hemicellulose structure and enzymes required for hydrolysis. In: Coughlan M.P., Hazlewood G.P. editors. Hemicellulose and Hemicellulases. Portland Press Research Monograph, 1993.
Hon, D.N.S. (1996) A new dimensional creativity in lignocellulosic chemistry. Chemical modification of lignocellulosic materials. Marcel Dekker. Inc. New York
Roger M Gifford (2000) Carbon Content of Woody Roots, Technical Report N.7, Australian Greenhouse Office.
IPCC (2007) Fourth assessment report, climate change synthesis report. Cambridge University Press. UK.
Bjerre, A.B., A.S. Schmidt (1997). Development of chemical and biological processes for production of bioethanol: Optimization of the wet oxidation process and characterization of products, Riso-R-967(EN), Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark.
CI Inventory Guide_FinalDeliverable.docx available on Gov.je
https://www.soilfoodweb.com
Rattan Lal "Soil a living being, can boost farm output, mitigate climate change"
Lehmann and Markus Kleber, of Oregon State University, have published "The Contentious Nature Of Soil Organic Matter" in Nature, Nov 23
https://www.4p1000.org/
Jersey Hemp trials, 2018/2019 observed by Cranfield University
Karus and Leson 1994
Drawdown 2017 – P.Hawken
PrevPreviousCarbon Farming is the Solution
NextIsland ParadiseNext
The healing power of soil and its capacity to sequester carbon could be the key to reversing the effects of climate change. The Carbon Farm makes it possible for anyone in Jersey, from farmers and cultivators to businesses and individuals to get involved in soil regeneration and carbon capture.
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2021: Top 5 Moments at Geffen Playhouse
Georgia Arnold
We have a lot to be thankful for during our 25th Anniversary Season, and we want to share it with you all. With that being said, we present to you our top 5 Geffen Moments of 2021 (ranked in no particular order).
The Present Wins a Webby
Our first Stayhouse show, The Present with magician and illusionist Helder Guimaraes, won a Webby for the People's Voice Award for Best Narrative Experience in the Virtual and Remote category. When we opened The Present in May of 2020, we had no idea where it would lead us or our virtual Stayhouse series. Geffen Stayhouse expanded into a full seven-show season where audiences in all 50 states and over 40 countries participated in over 800 performances.
Returning to our beautiful Geffen Playhouse for Backstage at the Geffen
In August, we were able to host our first in-person Backstage at the Geffen in two years with stellar talent hitting the stage, like 11-year-old British-Zulu drummer Nandi Bushell, host Tone Bell, Sharon Lawrence, Jon M. Chu, Kathleen Turner, and more.
Our First In-Person Show Since March 2020
A big highlight of our year was kicking off Geffen Playhouse's 25th Anniversary Season in August where we welcomed in-person audiences with our long-awaited first show back on stage in the Audrey Skirball Kenis Theater, The Enigmatist with David Kwong.
Hosting our first public, virtual "Community and Conversations" event
In September, we held our first public (but still virtual) Community and Conversations event where we create space to have in-depth conversations centered around diversity, equity, and inclusion in all facets of theater-making. Our two guest speakers: Kristin Sakoda, the Director of the Los Angeles County Department of Arts & Culture, and Marc Bamuthi Joseph, a poet, playwright, a 2017 TED Global Fellow, and one of America's vital voices in performance, arts education, and artistic curation.
Launching our inaugural Art Lives Here project
We celebrate the diversity in our audiences and our productions, and it is our mission to create, foster, and nourish an environment that is open and welcoming for all. We are a home for the arts, and we believe our physical space should also reflect and be representative of our ongoing commitment to equality, diversity, and inclusion in everything we do and the communities we support. For Geffen Playhouse's Art Lives Here project, we invited Los Angeles artists to create original artworks to be displayed in our lobby to welcome back audiences during our 25th Anniversary Season. The first featured work, a multimedia video installation by Beck+Col was on display November to December, and the next work by Roberto Delgado will be installed later this month and run through Power of Sail and TRAYF will be installed in early spring of 2022.
We've had a heck of a 2021, to say the least. Now, in the words of Geffen Playhouse founder Gil Cates, onward and upward with the arts!


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Q: Uninstall software with a non constant installation directory path I'm trying to write a batch-file to uninstall GoToMeeting.
Currently I use the following to uninstall the current version:
echo UnInstalling GoToMeeting........
"C:\Program Files (x86)\GoToMeeting\13190\G2MUninstall.exe" /uninstall -silent

The problem is, with each install of a new version, the install directory changes. For example, the version is 13190 but the previous time it was 13022 and 12771 before that. So I practically have to add a line for each version and that is really annoying.
Is there a way using a batch-file to make the directory a wild card during the uninstall?

A: sorry, no wildcard allowed unless in the very last element of a path or filename.
Instead use a for /d loop to list all subdirectories of a certain directory:
for /d %%D in ("C:\Program Files (x86)\GoToMeeting\*") do (
   echo the file you look for is "%%D\G2MUninstall.exe"
)

Bonus: if several versions are installed, this finds all of them


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Just George
Home Just George
SKU: HG-006
George Calombaris, Australia's favourite celebrity chef, is back with the ultimate book for delicious home cooking and impressive entertaining, full...
Categories: Cookbooks,
Tags: LIFESTYLE,
George Calombaris, Australia's favourite celebrity chef, is back with the ultimate book for delicious home cooking and impressive entertaining, full of his very best recipes, stories and a whole lot of love. Just George takes readers through the recipes that have shaped George's life and career, from growing up in the Melbourne suburbs with his Cypriot mother and Sicilian-Greek-Egyptian father, to his decade working on MasterChef and more than two decades running successful restaurants across Australia. With the perfect edit of mid-week meals, dishes to impress, restaurant favourites and must-know meals for every home cook, Just George is full of the sort of food that George is known for: fun, inspirational and full of goodness.
Of course there are plenty of the delicious Greek dishes with a twist (tarama chicken sandwich or slow cooked lamb with chickpeas and tomato, anyone?) alongside favourites from his restaurants (including a new take on that ancient grain salad). And then there's the food he cooks at home with his family (like the osso buco he made for Nigella, or health-focused vegetable-forward meals that don't skimp on taste), and recipes passed on from some of George's fellow foodies. Just George is for every cook, and recipes are graded for difficulty and time. Says George: 'Some recipes are SUPER EASY, so go there if you're not feeling really energetic but just want to eat something delicious. I'm not kidding around with you: this stuff really is easy. Others require a little bit of EXTRA LOVE, meaning maybe there's a few more steps, ingredients or time involved, but nothing crazy. And trust me, it's always worth it. And then there are the recipes that I DARE YOU to try.
These might incorporate equipment or techniques that we use in the restaurants. Often there are alternative instructions in case you don't want to go the whole way, but I know - from our restaurant regulars and from everyone I've met through MasterChef - that there are so many of you out there who are looking for the challenge. And I think you're up to it'. It's about good food, yes, but more than that, Just George celebrates the unparalleled joys of being in the moment and cooking for people you love.
George Calombaris is one of Australia's top chefs, and undoubtedly its most recognised one. Since 2009 he has been a much-loved judge on MasterChef Australia, the country's highest rating television show and an international sensation. George's hospitality group, MAdE Establishment, comprises twenty restaurants offering his signature Greek cuisine across premium to casual dining, with The Press Club, Hellenic Republic, Gazi, Jimmy Grants and Yo-Chi. George's high regard in the media and hospitality industries is recognised in his lengthy history of accolades - reflective of his absolute passion for food.
Tivoli Road Baker
The Beauty Chef Gut Guide
Ruffage
Round To Ours