Free speech does not permit us to yell 'Fire!' in a crowded theatre; but what if we are only yelling 'Firetrap!'?
I have noted before that anger sells. I have no data, but I would guess that anger also sells any merchandise which accompanies the anger; that, while the carny is pushing viper venom he can sell a little snake oil, too. If that is true, it means that anger carries a strong economic incentive, in addition to the political expediency we noted earlier. Media that sells anger will be more profitable, attracting yet more anger mongers, creating an accelerating tailspin.
There are very few limitations on free speech. Dishonesty is not allowed if it targets an individual or groups of individuals; and so libel, slander, and in some countries hate speech, are not allowed. And of course, the legal trope is that no one may yell 'fire' in a crowded theater. I have wondered if this applies even when there really is a fire; it would probably not qualify as illegal under the criminal code, but civil claims might be made against a perpetrator for acting in ways that exacerbate the problem.
Particularly if the person yelling 'Firetrap!' just happens to own a competing theater?
Right now in the US Presidential elections, both parties are dealing with revolt from voters, and unorthodox candidates are marshaling strong challenges on both sides. At the moment this problem is worse on the right, but in the post I linked to in the opening sentence, I showed that such a strategy is effective independent of ideology. But the important point from that earlier post is that selling anger, including yelling 'Firetrap', is poisonous, and can come back to poison the anger monger.
Various media have found it very profitable, financially and politically, to whip people into a frenzy by yelling 'Firetrap', and drive them to a new theater; or if I might mix metaphors, to drive them from a big tent into a series of smaller camps. But as they move, voters carry their anger with them. So it's only a matter of time before one or more people stand up in the new camps and scream, "This place is also a firetrap!" So anger can feed off of itself and produce yet more anger, more impatience, more intolerance, more closed-mindedness. In the long run, this hampers our competitiveness.
The anger will not go away, and quite likely become worse. As I noted in the post on agitprop, victory can placate people and allow the group to navigate through social strife. But what happens if they are defeated?
The problem with yelling 'Firetrap' in a crowded theater is that it can become a self-sustaining reaction, a political China Syndrome, something that cannot be contained nor restrained. As long as our nation's social and economic fabric holds intact, I think we will be OK, and the situation will remain stable.
But if either our social order or economic stability begin to fray, we could quickly end up with the same mindless anger, intolerance and hatred which gripped Germany after WWI, and which led to the election of Hitler as Chancellor of the Third Reich.
Picture of Burning Books courtesy of Flickr.com.
Picture of Nazi Bookburning at Bebelplatz, courtesy of Wikimedia.org.
In earlier posts, you mentioned the widening gap between liberal and conservative politics in the nation. I've seen many studies that show the public is largely centrist.
I believe that the tide of anger in the political races is a manifestation of the public reacting to our government not addressing problems that the voters think are important. When we see our politicians fight over things that have no tactical or strategic impact on the nation, we get more angry. A good example of this is all of the current presidential campaigns. The candidates are arguing about what makes a natural born citizen, and who may have stated something in the past that is contrary to what they currently support, and who has the most money.
Hello?!? Voters are interested in employment opportunities, take home pay, good healthcare, good roads and bridges, fair taxation, good housing, good education for children, etc. etc. etc.
I hope you're right. I've seen some data (can't find it right now) that suggests that the middle is shrinking.
Voters are certainly interested in the things you mention, and I would add to them that I think many Americans worry about injustice and human suffering everywhere. Some of my arguments here have been building to the idea that compassion and justice can be good business; but there is simply a basic decency in many Americans. Hence my post on Bleeding Heart Moderate. We need to be compassionate, but we need to avoid being dogmatic; in my opinion, in fact, dogma typically undermines compassion.


Infection (balanoposthitis), balanitis xerotica obliterans, phimosis (inability to retract prepuce) with or without scarring.
This is usually performed as an elective day surgery procedure under general anaesthesia. Circumcision is performed routinely with carbon dioxide laser at our centre. Circumcision using the Plastibell technique under local anaesthesia may be chosen for selected newborn babies.


Long ago, way back in the days when a colour TV was considered to be something of a luxury, those tiny little stickers on the back of cheap Christmas gifts that said "Made in Taiwan" used to be embarrassingly peeled off and abruptly trashed, while anything with a "Made in China" badge wouldn't even make the bottom shelf of a Sunday market stall. Made in Japan, back then, was not far behind either; with their famous "rot-box' Datsun 5's and ultra-cheap electrical gadgets that required a slap or two to get them started.
Oh how things have changed; Made in Japan is now something of a quality guarantee, and made in Taiwan has fast become the industry standard when it comes to bikes – all be it that the sticker may be buried by three coats of paint - often under the "Designed in Italy, Assembled in the USA or German Engineered" branding.
We all know that some manufacturers produce bikes here; but often we still like to think that their high end lines are home ground and filed by aging Italian frame building maestros and aeronautical engineers in secret carbon fibre laboratories hidden deep in the Swiss Alps, and for sure some are, a very few. Even though their virgin prototypes may have been created in these environments, what often actually reaches the bike shops is more than likely made in one of these Taiwanese factories, which is why most mainstream manufacturers and niche brands have either an office, a factory, or a full time "envoy" based in Taiwan.
It's been a fair few years since bike companies did all of their own manufacturing work themselves. With increasingly high labour and production costs most sought alternative options during the early 70's, and some even a decade before that. Japan was the first port of call, initially through its fledgling component manufacturing industry, but not long after Taiwan entered the arena.
Smart and long term planning by Taiwanese manufacturers has seen many (such as Giant and Merida) successfully moving on to market their own brand products, and taking on the major western brands at their own game. Currently the majority of the Taiwanese bike industry is reworking its home-grown strategy and is focussing on quality (as well as quantity), which seems like a wise move, especially when you've walked through a factory and seen several niche European and North American brands all coming off the same production line (all be it made with different materials designs).
Here are a few images from a couple of recent visits to Taiwanese factories.


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Strolling through the lush vineyards of the Beaujolais wine region, past the pretty cottages and picturesque windmills, you'll most likely feel it's time for some cheese and a glass of local red wine.
So why not stop for a picnic lunch, gazing out at the swoon-worthy French countryside, while clouds float lazily across the sky? Paradise.


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Client Alert: Draft Revised EU Standard/Model Clauses Issued
The European Commission recently issued its much-anticipated draft revised Standard/Model Contract Clauses, which are subject to a short public consultation. This article looks at this new development in brief.
What's this all about?
Under the previous EU data protection regime and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) international data transfers can only be made in certain ways and subject to various conditions. These include country Adequacy Decisions, Binding Corporate Rules, and, probably the most relied on mechanism, Standard/Model Contract Clauses (SCCs). SCCs consist of a contract entered into between a data exporter and a data importer that impose certain data protection obligations on both parties. SCCs have long been overdue an upgrade which was given even more of an impetus following the European Court's summer 2020 Schrems ruling that invalidated the EU-US Privacy Shield, which we've written about here https://www.corderycompliance.com/ecj-rules-scc-valid-not-ps/. Some GDPR special terms are used in this note which are defined in our glossary at www.bit.ly/gdprwords.
What are the highlights?
Some of the key points (of what is a detailed and complex area) are as follows:
The format consists of a main text along with the actual EU decision and recitals, and the actual clauses in a separate annex. The annex adopts a modular approach to address various transfer scenarios;
The revised new clauses can be used for data transfers in the following situations: (a) from controllers in the EU to controllers in a third country; (b) from controllers in the EU to processors in a third country; (c) from processors in the EU to a sub-processor in a third country; (d) from controllers in a third country subject to GDPR to processors outside the territorial scope of application of GDPR; and, (e) from processors in a third country subject to GDPR to sub-processors outside the territorial scope GDPR;
Obligations include the following: (a) data subjects must be provided with a copy of the revised new clauses upon request and must be informed (amongst other things) of any change of purpose and the identity of any third party to whom data will be disclosed; (b) for any onward data transfers by a data importer to a recipient in a third country, either the recipient signs up to the new clauses or a data subject has to provide explicit and informed consent; (c) liability between the parties and towards data subjects and indemnifications between the parties will need to be described in greater detail; (d) obligations similar to GDPR Article 28 technical and organizational measures are imposed on processors and sub-processors; and, (e) sub-processors must ensure compliance with instructions from both a processor and a controller;
Non-EEA data importers who are controllers will have to notify both the data exporter and an EU data protection regulator of a personal data breach likely to result in "significant adverse effects";
Supplementary measures provisions that relate to the Schrems case include: (a) a warranty declaring that there is no reason to believe that the laws in the importer country prevent the importer from fulfilling its obligations under the new revised new clauses; (ii) an obligation to assess the relevant legislation of the importer's country and a requirement to document the assessment made, which must be made available to a data protection regulator on request; and, (iv) obligations on a data importer to challenge requests for data access made by an authority and to provide only the minimum amount of personal data once any such challenges have been exhausted; and,
There will be a one-year grace period from the date of entry into force of the new revised rules. Data exporters and data importers will be able to continue to rely on the existing SCCs for the performance of a contract concluded between them before that date as long as the contract remains unchanged except for necessary supplementary measures in order to ensure that the transfer of personal data is subject to appropriate safeguards as required under GDPR.
What are the next steps?
The consultation is open until 10 December 2020 (midnight Brussels time). The European Commission says that "feedback will be taken into account for finalising this initiative" which will then be published. The finalised version of the new SCCs is expected in early 2021.
What are the takeaways?
First, do have your say and respond to the consultation if you have concerns about the revised new rules.
Second, plenty of work will need to be done to ensure compliance. Assuming that the current version of the draft revised SCCs stay basically the same and are adopted, the following will need to be considered:
Consider doing an audit of all of your existing SCCs to be able to replace them and prepare a methodology to do this –the new modular approach will require time and resources to adapt to;
Whilst the one-year transition period might seem a long time many organisations will either have many existing SCCs to eventually replace or plenty of new ones to introduce so make time to make the change and prioritise the order of the ones to change. Bear in mind also that if an underlying agreement between parties is renegotiated or otherwise changed during that transition period the new revised SCCs are the ones that will have to be (immediately) applied, i.e. not the existing SCCs and the work required to then change to the new revised SCCs may have to be turned around quickly; and,
Consider developing or revising procedures to handle personal data requests made by public authorities.
Cordery's GDPR Navigator includes resources to help deal with data protection compliance. GDPR Navigator includes:
Detailed guidance on the security aspects of GDPR in paper and on film;
A monthly call on key developments.
For information about our GDPR Navigator please see here: www.bit.ly/gdprnav
We report about data protection issues here: http://www.corderycompliance.com/category/data-protection-privacy/. For more about GDPR please also see our GDPR FAQs which can be found here: http://www.corderycompliance.com/eu-data-protection-regulation-faqs-3/ and our Data Protection Glossary which can be found here: http://www.corderycompliance.com/?s=glossary.
The draft revised EU standard/model clauses (and place to provide feedback) can be found here: https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12741-Commission-Implementing-Decision-on-standard-contractual-clauses-for-the-transfer-of-personal-data-to-third-countries
For more information please contact André Bywater or Jonathan Armstrong who are lawyers with Cordery in London where their focus is on compliance issues.
Jonathan Armstrong, Cordery, Lexis House, 30 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A 4HH André Bywater, Cordery, Lexis House, 30 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A 4HH
Office: +44 (0)207 075 1784 Office: +44 (0)207 075 1785
Jonathan.armstrong@corderycompliance.com Andre.bywater@corderycompliance.com
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Shaykh Yasir Qadhi discusses at length the very important topic in the Seerah - the Farewell Hajj of the Prophet ﷺ. This was the first and final Hajj of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Hajj Qiran - Umrah and Hajj with one Ihram.
Hajj Ifrad - only doing Hajj, no Umrah.
Hajj Tamattu - separating Umrah from Hajj with separate Iihram for each.
Meanwhile, the Prophet ﷺ sent told Ali RA to bring 100 camels from Yemen to Mecca for the Hajj.hence,Ali arrived with 100 camels and he immediately entered into the tent of Fatimah RA. What happened next? Listen intently.
On the morning of the 8th of Dhul Hijjah, the Prophet SAW prayed Fajr in the Ka'bah and started his journey to Mina. The Hadith of Jabir ibn Abd Allah RA is as detailed as it gets explaining the entire procedure of Hajj as done by the Prophet ﷺ. It is truly a revelation with many Fiqhi doubts being put to rest and also our unintentional assumptions and mistakes can be rectified once in for all.
The Prophet ﷺ after three nights in Mina, left on the 13th Dhul Hijjah.
The prime benefits of the Sermons of the Prophet ﷺ are the abolishment of the old customs of jahiliya, demonstration of preaching by commencing from his own family, annihilation of racism and jahiliyyah tribes, strengthening of ties and relations amongst the Ummah, emphasis on the rights of women and many more.


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Scooters dart by outside Ben Than Market.
Photograph by Robert Muckley, Moment/Getty Images
Discover the Best of Ho Chi Minh City
Ten tips for your best trip to Ho Chi Minh City.
ByNanna Arnadottir
Natural Wonder
More than 650 feet high, 500 feet wide and three miles long the Son Doong cave is so immense it has its own climate, a river and a jungle. Although discovered by a local in the 1990s it only became open to the public in 2013. With overnight camping trips now available, it's possible to witness the fat stalagmites straining up towards the cave roof and ancient fossils for yourself. Just be ready to trek.
Cultural Site
Crawling through a narrow underground Cu Chi tunnel gives you a visceral sense of how many Viet Cong soldiers lived and traveled during the Vietnam War (scraped knees are common, so avoid shorts). Although located an hour's drive out of the city, the tour of the immense network of tunnels which were used as hiding spots, supply routes and hospitals, show a side of the war outsiders may not have seen.
Best Day Trip
The best way to see Vietnam is from the back of a motorbike. The Vespa Tours, headquartered in the backpacking district, offer relaxing day trips around the verdant Mekong Delta and thankfully the open air driving offsets the humidity. Scoot past rice paddies and visit families making their living by creating incense, rice wine, or selling shrimp at village markets.
Deep in the heart of District 5, hidden down an inconspicuous alley lays the expansive and lively Cho Lon fabric market (also called the Soai Kinh Lam Market). A veritable maze of colorful fabrics, lace, threads, buttons, bows, you name it - it's stacked to the rafters. And while it is a wholesale market that rarely sees tourists, stall owners offer good prices per meter.
Most Iconic Place
The Saigon Central Post Office is often called the Eiffel Post Office, even by local guides. But alas, it was Alfred Foulhoux who designed this gorgeous period classic. Completed in 1891, it's worth a visit for the tiled floor alone and the grand concourse painted with historic maps of Southern Vietnam.
Ho Chi Minh City has a vibrant beer drinking culture, and Pasteur Brewing Company—an artisanal craft brewer—offers refreshing beers made from local ingredients. The trendy set usually make their way to bars like Qui or Chill Sky Bar (for the view) but a history buff might enjoy the slightly campy Caravelle roof top bar, where Graham Greene and the other news correspondents pickled themselves during the war with an aptly name cocktail called, 'Journalist's Juice' (available on request).
Political tensions between China and Vietnam may be strained but actually a thriving Chinese-Vietnamese community has existed in Ho Chi Minh City's District 5 for centuries. The gorgeous Thien Hau Temple, dedicated to the Chinese sea goddess Mazu was first erected by the Cantonese community in 1760. It's had many repairs since but still attracts a mix of visitors and worshippers who admire the golden shrines and large red incense coils of the interior courtyard.
Neighborhood to Explore
District 3 is a neighborhood within walking distance of the city center that allows for a glimpse into real life. It's home to both early 20th century colonial villas previously owned by French rubber planters and the less fussy skinny apartment blocks, their balconies brimming with potted plants, home shrines and drying laundry. District 3 has both upscale and street food vendors, boutiques and gritty markets and sidewalks for strolling around (not always a given).
People-Watching Spot
Some of the best places to watch people in Saigon are on the first floor, not the ground floor. Places such as I.D. Café nestled behind the iconic Ben Thanh Market. Or the effortlessly cool, L'uisine on Dong Khoi, whose entrance isn't immediately clear (you have to walk down the Art Arcade then swing right down an alley filled with parked motorbikes). Once you find it though, the balcony offers undisturbed views of the Saigon Opera House.
When there isn't an actual opera or symphony performance planned for the Saigon Opera House—which frankly, is most nights—the A O show is on. The name, shortened from Lang Pho ("Village" and "City") to "A O", marries stunning contemporary dance and traditional music to bring to life the story of Vietnam's transformation from a rural society to a rapidly developing urban hub.
Go with Nat Geo to Ho Chi Minh City


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Jennifer Lawrence Will Never Join Twitter, Social Media "Because the Internet Has Scorned Me So Much"
By Rebecca Macatee
Published Nov 11, 2014 at 11:09 AM | Updated at 8:51 AM PST on Nov 13, 2014
Joel Ryan/Invision/AP
Jennifer Lawrence at the world premiere of "The Hunger Games Mockingjay Part 1" in London, Monday, Nov. 10, 2014.
Jennifer Lawrence is certainly all over the Internet (she's a gif-worthy lady, if ever there was one), but you'll never find her live-tweeting "Real Housewives" or Instagramming behind-the-scenes selfies from set.
That's because, on a personal level, she's not a fan of social media. On Tuesday, the 24-year-old actress (joined by her "Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1" co-stars Josh Hutcherson and Liam Hemsworth) talked about her no-tweeting stance at length on Nick Grimshaw's BBC 1 radio program.
"I will never get Twitter," she said. "I'm not very good on phone or technology. I cannot really keep up with emails so the idea of Twitter is so unthinkable to me."
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"I don't really understand what it is," she went on. "It's like this weird enigma that people talk about."
"It's fine, I respect that, but no, I'll never get a Twitter," she continued. "If you ever see a Facebook, Instagram or Twitter that says it's me, it most certainly is not." (Note on this: Lawrence does have an official, verified Facebook page — presumably, her people run this on her behalf, but it's legit.)
The morning show host noted how serious Lawrence got with her answer. "I had that one locked and loaded," she said with a laugh. "I really like laser focused [on that answer]...it's because the Internet has scorned me so much that I feel like it's that girl in high school that I'm like, 'Oh you want to talk about her? Yeah I'll do that!' Take my hoops off, I'm ready to go."
Minaj Sorry for Nazi Imagery in "Only" Music Video
Earlier this year, the Oscar winner spoke to Vanity Fair about her private photos being leaked online. "It is not a scandal. It is a sex crime," she said. "It is a sexual violation. It's disgusting."
"The law needs to be changed, and we need to change," she added. "That's why these websites are responsible. Just the fact that somebody can be sexually exploited and violated, and the first thought that crosses somebody's mind is to make a profit from it. It's so beyond me. I just can't imagine being that detached from humanity. I can't imagine being that thoughtless and careless and so empty inside."
Fortunately, "Time does heal, you know," she went on. "I'm not crying about it anymore. I can't be angry anymore. I can't have my happiness rest on these people being caught, because they might not be. I need to just find my own peace."
PHOTOS: Jennifer Lawrence's outrageous quotes


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Review IOP tasks to see if we split tasks between us.


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"Please Sis, I'm b-begging you . . . not the compost heap AGAIN! I never, ever stuck any creepy crawly in your shoe . . . I promise!"
Illustration Friday's word prompt: Cultivate.
This little guy is legging it to safety . . .
This little man is about to pay the price for upsetting Sis . . .
This little lady shows no remorse for what she's about to do . . .
Princess and the Pea is my illustration for this week's Illustration Friday topic 'stir'.
The queen knew only a true princess would be so sensitive to stir all night.
The next day, the handsome prince asked the princess to marry him. Unfortunately for him, she had her super cranky pants on from having no sleep the night before. So she shoved the pea up his nose and fled the castle, never to be seen again.
Sadly, the prince never found true love and had to live with his mother until she finally kicked the bucket at a ripe old age of 114. And the pea? It was never, ever put into a museum silly! Nobody wants to look at a shriveled pea slimed in lonely prince booger! Rumor has it, that the pea was slipped into Thursday night's pea and ham soup. Let's hope it wasn't yours.
That's how the story goes in our house.
Pen and ink drawing - coloured digitally.
Look what I found while I was hiding out under the bed this morning! It's a pen and ink drawing I did way back in my art college days.
A lucky discovery for me as it happens to fit this week's Illustration Friday topic 'warning' and I don't have time today to draw anything new. With two sick kids at home, who turned out to be NOT so sick, my productivity has been stalled.
Originally, I drew these happy koalas in hope The Australian would publish it as part of a young cartoonist competition. But sadly it didn't win and was shoved in a box and forgotten. I revived my happy koalas this morning with some digital colouring while Scooby Doo entertained my NOT so sick kids.
Anyway, time to take cover under the bed again. I hear someone crying out MUMMY and I don't want to be caught sneaking another chocolate Freddo frog.
Breewyna the Butterfly Fairy guides her fluttery friends to the land of humans. One of my oldies for this week's Illustration Friday topic swarm.
I haven't had the chance to even pick up a pencil in the last couple of weeks. So I thought I would bring back one of my old illustrations from the whimsical days of Twinkle Star Art.


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The Secret () is a comic opera in three acts by Bedřich Smetana. The libretto was written by Eliška Krásnohorská. The premiere took place on 18 September 1878 at the Nové České Divadlo (New Czech Theatre) in Prague.

Background
Krásnohorská proposed the idea for a new opera to Smetana two weeks after the opening of The Kiss, but kept details of the plot a secret from the composer until July 1877, when a draft outline, drawing on several sources, including Les femmes et le secret by La Fontaine, was sent to him.
The librettist had set the action in the small town of Bĕlá in the Bezdĕz mountains, visible from Smetana's home in the country. Fighting his increasing deafness and resultant depression, Smetana made a few small changes to Krásnohorská's original draft and delivered a full score to the New Czech Theatre on 4 August 1877, for the premiere in September. The through composition evident in The Brandenburgers in Bohemia and Libuše is absent; a pot-pourri overture prefaces a sequence of choruses, duets, arias and ensemble pieces, but the characters are portrayed with more feeling and drawn from life, rather than the more stock characters of The Bartered Bride and The Two Widows.

Performance history
The opera was not as successful as Smetana had hoped; after its opening run, it was seen only a dozen more times during his lifetime and was unperformed for twenty years after that. In 1922 it came back into the repertory of the Prague National Theatre. It has been in the repertoire in the Czech capital ever since, under conductors such as Jaroslav Vogel, Václav Talich, Jaroslav Krombholc and Zdeněk Košler and many eminent Czech singers among the principals.

The UK premiere was in Oxford in December 1956 under Jack Westrup, and it was performed at the Camden Festival in 1972 under Vilém Tauský.

Roles

Synopsis

Act I:

We are in the square in the town of Bela, the followers of two rival councillors, Kalina and Malina, are praising their respective champion. Bonifac, an ex-serviceman in Kalina's household, is wooing Madame Roza Malinova, and through their dialogue we learn that twenty years earlier, the then-poor Kalina had asked for the hand of Róza, sister of Malina, but her parents forbade the marriage because of Kalina's relative poverty. Kalina then married another relatively poor woman, while Róza never married.  Kalina is now a widower and has had a house built for himself across the town square from the Malina's. Kalina and Roza meet each other in the square and, in front of the townspeople, bicker. Malina and Kalina, egged on by their supporters, start to trade insults and curry favour by plying the old ballad singer Skrivánek with beer. Trying to keep both men happy with a song that ends up describing Roza's and Kalina's plight, Malina is moved by the song and proposes that he and Kalina bury their animosity and he offers Kalina a little financial help so that he and Roza may marry. But Kalina is stung by the implication that he is still poor (though he does indeed owe the builders of his new house a substantial sum) and Roza now reveals why she is so cold towards Kalina – it is because the now-deceased Father Barnabas had told her that Kalina had a secret that would have allowed him to become rich and thereby win Roza's hand, had he wanted. Clearly, Roza surmises, his protestations of love for her all those years ago were all lies. When a bagpiper strikes up a tune and the opportunist Bonifac plucks a flower and presents it to Roza as an invitation to dance with him, Kalina threatens the piper who drops his bagpipes and flees while the two rival bands of supporters start to brawl with each other. They are interrupted by Kalina's son Vitek and Malina's daughter Blazenka, who calm the councillors down. We realize that Vit and Blazenka have become lovers, despite the animosity between their two families. Bonifac returns carrying a wooden baton which he had pulled from a window frame to use as a makeshift weapon. In the melee the baton has snapped and Bonifac has found inside it a yellowed piece of paper. He gives it to Kalina to read. It is the secret that Friar Barnabas told to Roza – a map that will take Kalina to hidden treasure. Kalina makes Bonifac and Vit swear to keep the secret, but while Kalina and Vit discuss the content of the map inside Kalina's house, the bricklayer comes to ask for payment from Kalina. Don't worry, Bonifac assures him, Kalina will soon be very rich for – and they must solemnly swear to keep this a secret – Kalina has discovered Friar Barnabas's message. The bricklayer heads straight for the tavern and tells the innkeeper there not to whisper a word to anyone but… . They are overheard by the bellringer Jirka, who swears solemnly not to breathe a word about the secret, and he heads off to the church. It is now late and in the darkness on a bench in the square Vit and Blazenka are enjoying a secret assignation when they hear Jirka who is in the bell tower of the church, bellowing down a speaking trumpet to the ballad singer Skrivanek who is a little hard of hearing: "It is a secret. Now, solemnly swear…"

Act II:

It is early evening on the slopes of Mount Bezdez. A rocky overhang is to one side of the stage, a broken down gate permits entry to a pathway which leads up to the ruined castle and monastery, with the spire of a church also visible. Kalina is lamenting his fate – to be forever working to compensate for his poverty. He pulls from a hidey-hole a lantern, cloak, hoe and spade, then conceals them again and falls asleep. In a dreamlike sequence earth spirits warn that he who seeks treasure will blacken their soul while the ghost of Friar Barnabas declares that the most precious treasure is a loving woman. Kalina wakes up in a holy terror. A group of bridesmaids head toward the church and Kalina, looking for spiritual help, follows them. Vitek and Blazenka enter the now-deserted spot and pour out their love for each other but they have been observed by Bonifac, who summons Roza, Kalina, Malina, everybody in the town, to witness the couple's shame. Yet even with threats of being disowned by their fathers, the couple, supported by the townspeople, is defiant and now Roza admonishes the two men for believing that true love cares for worldly goods. Roza blesses Vit and Blazenka for following their hearts,and as the crowd disperses Roza is left alone, lamenting that Kalina did not defy the world as Vitek just had… for despite it all, she does still love Kalina. She is disturbed by Bonifac who has come to woo her again and to reveal Kalina's secret yet Kalina himself returns, having decided he will risk his soul to find the treasure. Retrieving the hoe and spade he levers a rock aside to reveal a tunnel. Bonifaz refuses Roza's request to stop Kalina and she herself rushes forward to stop him but Kalina, to a clap of thunder, jumps down into the tunnel.

Act III:

We are in the communal kitchen of Malina's house and despite it being hop harvesting time and the promise of golden beer, there is turmoil for Malina is still furious with his daughter for daring to love Vitek. Urged by the labourers and Roza she sings a tearful ballad before running off. Malina declares he would be a fool to give his daughter to such a proud man who – the bricklayer can confirm – is in debt. Malina refuses to listen to Roza's pleadings and vows he will only permit the marriage if Kalina comes to his house and begs him humbly. And now the opportunist Bonifac seizes the moment to tell everyone that Kalina will never ever come to Malina's house… for he has been lured by the promise of treasure, has disappeared, and the devil most likely has now taken possession of his soul. The news horrifies the audience, more so because they hear an eery scaping and then a clanking originating from behind the black door of the oven. Blazenka returns to the room with Vit who is dressed for a journey. He has come to thank Roza for her blessing and despite being disowned by his father, he declares he will chance his luck in the world but rich or poor he will return in a year and again ask for Blazenka's hand. Bonifac takes the opportunity to ask Malina to allow Vit and Blazenka to wed, while also pressing his own suit to marry Roza. She coolly tells him she will think it over when they are again startled at sounds coming from inside the oven. Bonifac and Skrivanek are urged to sing to lighten the mood and they strike up a song about Friar Barnabas but it is interrupted by a furious rattling of the oven door and all except Roza rush out of the room, terrified. The door flies open and coated in dust, the caped Kalina stumbles into the room. Roza and Kalina together understand now what Barnabas meant when he marked the location of the treasure Kalina would find. The two fall into each other's arms, and as Malina, Blazenka, Vit and the townspeople pour back into the room, Kalina does indeed beg Malina on behalf of his son and for himself. Pride set aside, Malina cries "God bless you all, get married!" and the bystanders join in a chorus "You who belong to each other, get married,  that's the secret; nothing else matters – old love will triumph!"

Recordings
 1982, Zdeněk Košler conductor, Prague National Theatre Orchestra and Chorus; Jaroslav Horáček, Václav Zítek, Věra Soukupová, Daniela Šounová, Leo Marian Vodička, Karel Průša, Oldřich Spisar, Bohuslav Maršík, Eva Hlobilová, Alfréd Hampel, Pavel Horáček
 1958, Jaroslav Krombholc conductor. Prague National Theatre Orchestra and Chorus. Karel Kalaš, Přemysl Kočí, Štěpánka Štěpánová, Štefa Petrová, Ivo Žídek /Supraphon

References
Notes

Sources
Warrack, John and West, Ewan, The Oxford Dictionary of Opera New York: OUP: 1992

Operas by Bedřich Smetana
Czech-language operas
1878 operas
Operas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It was a year ago almost to the day that we reported about the unhappy demise of AM2R. The "seriously impressive" fan remake of Metroid 2 had only been out for a few days when it fell afoul of Nintendo's legal department, leading creator Milton 'DoctorM64' Guasti to pack it all in—with a promise that he would "continue improving and fixing AM2R privately. " That's apparently fallen to the wayside, as Guasti said in a recent blog post that "everyone involved in AM2R moved on," and so has he, to "a new, original Metroidvania game" done in Unity.


Some choose years, some choose chapters, I choose seasons to group my life experiences. If my first six months in Kenya were "Just The Beginning", then my second six months were "Drought" as I spent at least half without running water. This season of time has a different name. I call this season: Yelling at Monkeys.
Visitors come, and they remark about how "cute" and "cheeky" the monkeys are. They giggle when monkeys peer and even knock on the window. They want to feed the monkeys food.
This makes me want to punch visitors in the face.
Let me paint a picture. You come home from a long day at work. It's a running day, so all you're thinking about is dropping off the puppy and slipping on some sneakers. You unlock the door and see a snake of poop in the living room. You look down at your innocent puppy with confusion. Did she have an accident before we left in the morning?
You walk around the far side of the couch and begin to notice other things: two chairs overturned, more feces, urine stains, banana peels, the empty apple bowl, the homemade granola canister on the floor having thrown up most of its contents, flower sacks ripped apart. Delilah (the puppy) is loosing her mind trying to eat all the spilled goodies. You brace yourself for the bedroom, just imagining what has happened in your bed. Apart from another string of crap, granola sprinkled everywhere, and paw prints on the walls the room looks ok. You crate the puppy who is making noises you've never heard before and even gets her paw stuck in the bars so you have to enter her crate yourself to rescue her. You grab a broom and begin the clean-up.
As you clean, you notice your pecans from America, a whole container of raw cashews, and all of the peanut butter from the house is gone. Not spilled, or open, just gone, containers and all. The bleach spray is used on every surface in the house. You say a heartfelt prayer of thanksgiving the monkeys choose to defecate on floors and not upholstery.
You vow to never leave a window open again. Until you do and the self hatred becomes almost unbearable.
So, yes, every time I see a "adorable" monkey, I unleash all the fury raging within my soul towards these audacious and irreverent thieves. And don't even think about asking me if you can feed them. I'll leave all your worldly possessions outside my window as an offering.
Ouch!!! I will never look at monkeys in the same again.
I've always wanted to hold a monkey. But I've never wanted one to come in and trash my house! Monkey proof your house, girl!


text:
Jens Jensen, né le  près de Dybbøl au Danemark et mort le  dans le comté de Door dans le Wisconsin, est un architecte paysagiste dano-américain.

Biographie

Jens Jensen naît près de Dybbøl, au Danemark, le , dans une famille d'agriculteurs aisés. Pendant les dix-neuf premières années de sa vie, il vit dans la ferme familiale, ce qui cultive son amour pour l'environnement naturel. À l'âge de quatre ans, pendant la seconde guerre du Schleswig en 1864, il voit les prussiens envahir sa ville et brûler les bâtiments agricoles de sa famille. Cette invasion, qui annexe le pays à la Prusse, influence profondément la façon dont il perçoit le monde des hommes. Il fréquente l'école d'agriculture Tune, près de Copenhague, puis  effectue un service obligatoire dans l'armée prussienne. Pendant ces trois années, il dessine des parcs à caractère anglais et français à Berlin et dans d'autres villes allemandes. En 1884, son service militaire terminé, Jens Jensen est fiancé à Anne Marie Hansen. Couplé à son désir de s'échapper de la ferme familiale, cela conduit à sa décision de partir aux États-Unis cette année-là.

États-Unis
Dans un premier temps, Jens Jensen travaille en Floride, puis au Luther College à Decorah en Iowa, avant de déménager à Chicago et d'accepter un emploi d'ouvrier pour la West Park Commission. Il est rapidement promu contremaître. Pendant cette période, il est autorisé à concevoir et à planter un jardin de fleurs exotiques. Lorsque le jardin se flétrit et meurt, il se rend dans la prairie environnante et y transplante des fleurs sauvages indigènes. Jens Jensen transplante les fleurs sauvages dans un coin de l'Union Park, créant ainsi ce qui devient l'American Garden en 1888.

Après avoir fait son chemin dans le système des parcs, Jens Jensen est nommé directeur du parc Humboldt de 200 acres (800 000 m²) en 1895. À la fin des années 1890, la West Park Commission est en proie à la corruption. Après avoir refusé de participer à la corruption politique, Jens Jensen est évincé par une commission des parcs malhonnête en 1900. Il est finalement  réintégré et, en 1905, il est directeur général de l'ensemble du système de West Park à Chicago. Son travail de conception dans les parcs de Chicago peut être vu au Garfield Park, Humboldt Park, Douglass Park, Pulaski Park, Columbus Park, à la chute d'eau et à l'étang du North Park Village Nature Center.

Jens Jensen contribue à la création du Forest Preserve District du comté de Cook et sélectionne un grand nombre des sites qui sont acquis par la suite par le Forest Preserve District.

Il contribue également à la création du parc Jens Jensen près de sa maison et du site du festival de musique de Ravinia, ainsi qu'à celle des écoles primaires de Green Bay et de Ravinia situées à proximité.

Dans les années 1910, Jens Jensen joue un rôle dans l'obtention d'un soutien pour la préservation d'une partie de parc national des Indiana Dunes, également près de Chicago, contrecarrant les plans d'industrialisation de J. P. Morgan et d'Andrew Carnegie.

Pratique privée
En 1920, il prend sa retraite du système des parcs et ouvre son propre cabinet d'architecture paysagère. Il travaille sur des propriétés privées et des parcs municipaux dans tous les États-Unis. Eleanor et Edsel Ford lui  commande quatre résidences, trois dans le Michigan et une dans le Maine, entre 1922 et 1935. Parmi les autres projets, citons la Morse Dell Plain House and Garden (1926) à Hammond dans l'Indiana et le William Whitaker Landscape and House (1929) à Crown Point dans l'Indiana.

Un projet paysager majeur, avec Edsel Ford, est réalisé pour 'Gaukler Point', la maison Edsel et Eleanor Ford conçue par l'architecte Albert Kahn en 1929, sur les rives du lac Sainte-Claire à Grosse Pointe Shores dans le Michigan pour Edsel Ford et sa femme. Jens Jensen réalise le plan directeur et conçoit les jardins du domaine. Il utilise sa traditionnelle "longue vue", donnant aux visiteurs un aperçu de la résidence le long de la longue prairie après avoir passé les portes d'entrée, puis seulement de brèves vues partielles le long de la longue allée, et seulement à la fin révélant la maison entière et une autre vue sur la longue prairie. Les jardins et la résidence 'Gaukler Point' sont aujourd'hui un paysage historique public et une maison musée et figurent sur le Registre national des lieux historiques.

Il conçoit également les jardins de la résidence d'été « Skylands » d'Edsel et Eleanor à Bar Harbor sur Mount Desert Island dans le Maine (1922). Jens Jensen réalise des travaux de conception pour leurs deux autres résidences du Michigan, l'une d'elles étant « Haven Hill », entre 1922 et 1935. 'Haven Hill', qui fait désormais partie de la zone de loisirs de Highland, près de White Lake Township, dans le sud-est du Michigan, est classée monument historique et réserve naturelle de l'État du Michigan. Les éléments paysagers de Jens Jensen, avec la diversité de la vie arboricole, végétale et animale, allient esthétique, histoire et nature.

Pour Clara et Henry Ford, Jens Jensen utilise son approche de « vue différée » pour concevoir l'arrivée à la résidence de leur domaine, Fair Lane, à Dearborn dans le Michigan. Au lieu de se diriger directement vers la maison ou même de la voir, l'allée d'entrée conduit les visiteurs à travers les zones boisées denses du domaine. Les virages de l'allée, plantés de grands arbres sur l'arc intérieur des courbes, donnent l'impression d'une raison naturelle pour le virage et obscurcissent toute longue vue. Soudain, le visiteur est propulsé hors de la forêt et dans l'espace ouvert où la résidence se présente entièrement à la vue devant lui. Cette idée d'errance est celle que Jens met en avant dans presque tous ses projets. De vastes prairies et jardins composent le grand paysage, avec des massifs de fleurs naturalistes entourant la maison. La plus grande prairie axiale, le "Chemin du soleil couchant" est orientée de telle sorte que, lors du solstice d'été, le soleil couchant brille à travers une séparation précise des arbres à l'extrémité de la prairie. Le hangar à bateaux, avec ses falaises en pierre conçues par Jens Jensen, permet à Henry Ford de se déplacer sur la rivière Rouge dans son bateau électrique. Actuellement, 290 000 m² du domaine d'origine sont préservés en tant que paysage historique et, avec la maison, sont un musée et un site historique national.

Jens Jensen réalise d'autres projets pour Henry Ford, notamment : The Dearborn Inn, à Dearborn au Michigan, en 1931 (architecte Albert Kahn, premier hôtel aéroportuaire du pays et monument historique national); l'hôpital Henry-Ford; la reconstitution historique de Greenfield Village et son musée Henry-Ford à Dearborn; et le « pavillon Ford » à l'exposition du siècle du progrès de Chicago en 1933. En 1923, il conçoit la Lincoln High School à Manitowoc, dans le Wisconsin, sur un terrain de 19 acres (7,7 ha) au bord du lac Michigan. Un certain nombre de projets dont les paysages sont conçus par Jens Jensen sont inscrits au registre national des lieux historiques, notamment la maison d'été et le studio de Jens Jensen, le parc Rosewood, la maison May Theilgaard Watts (architecte : John S. Van Bergen), la propriété A.G. Becker (architecte : Howard Van Doren Shaw), la maison Samuel-Holmes (architecte : Robert Seyfarth) et le domaine Harold-Florshiem (architecte : Ernest Grunsfeld), tous situés à Highland Park, dans l'Illinois, où vit Jens Jensen.

En 1935, après la mort de sa femme, Jens Jensen quitte Highland Park, dans l'Illinois, pour s'installer à Ellison Bay, dans le Wisconsin, où il crée la Clearing Folk School, qu'il appelle une « école du sol » pour former les futurs architectes paysagistes. Le site est aujourd'hui préservé en tant qu'espace ouvert et centre éducatif dans la tradition de l'école populaire.

Dans sa maturité, Jens Jensen conçoit le Lincoln Memorial Garden à Springfield, dans l'Illinois. Ce projet est achevé en 1935 et planté de 1936 à 1939.

Jens Jensen meurt à son domicile, aujourd'hui The Clearing Folk School, le 1er octobre 1951, à l'âge de 91 ans.

Collaborations
Jens Jensen s'est associé à l'architecte Howard Van Doren Shaw. Au cours de sa longue carrière, il a travaillé avec de nombreux architectes de renom, dont Louis Sullivan, Frank Lloyd Wright, George Maher et Albert Kahn.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

 Russell, Virginia L., "You Dear Old Prima Donna: The Letters of Frank Lloyd Wright and Jens Jensen," Landscape Journal 20.2 (2001): 141-155.
 Egan, Dave, et William H. Tishler. "Jens Jensen, Native Plants, and the Concept of Nordic Superiority." Landscape Journal 18.1 (1999): 11-29.
 Grese, Robert E., Jens Jensen: Maker of Natural Parks and Gardens, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1998
 Groening, Gert et Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn. "Response: If the Shoe Fits, Wear it!" Landscape Journal 13.1 (1994): 62-3.
 Groening, Gert, et Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn. "Some Notes on the Mania for Native Plants in Germany." Landscape Journal 11.2 (1992): 116-26.
 Kling, Samuel. "Regional Plans and Regional Plants: Jens Jensen's Vernacular Landscape and Metropolitan Planning in Chicago, 1904-1920." Journal of Urban History 44.6 (novembre 2018): 1154-1175.
 Sorvig, Kim. "Natives and Nazis: An Imaginary Conspiracy in Ecological Design, Commentary on G. Groening and J. Wolschke-Bulmahn's "Some Notes on the Mania for Native Plants in Germany"." Landscape Journal 13.1 (1994): 58-61.
 Telfer, Sid, The Jens Jensen I Knew

Liens externes

 The Cultural Landscape Foundation, "It Takes One: Carey Lundin"
 Official website of the film Jens Jensen The Living Green.
 Jens Jensen Legacy Project
 Official 'The Clearing' website
 Official Edsel & Eleanor Ford 'Gaukler Point' website – gardens and museum.
 Official Edsel & Eleanor Ford 'Haven Hill' museum website.
 Official Henry Ford 'Fair Lane' website – gardens and museum.
 Virtual tour of the Henry and Clara Ford 'Fair Lane' estate.
  – Chicago Wilderness Magazine: "Jens Jensen" — Spring 2001 issue.
 Forest Preserve District: Jens Jensen
  – Highland park history: artists
 Sterling Morton Library – Landscape drawings in the Suzette Morton Davidson Special Collections.
 "Chicago's Columbus Park:The Prairie Idealized" – a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan.
 Designing in the Prairie Spirit An online film that features Jensen's influences on landscape design today.

Naissance en septembre 1860
Naissance au Danemark
Décès en octobre 1951
Décès dans le comté de Door
Décès à 91 ans
Architecte de Chicago
Architecte paysagiste


It was the third time that we ran Difinity conference in Auckland, New Zealand at Feb 2019.
Why Speaking? Traveling to Conferences so much?!
It is a question that everyone asking me; why you are traveling so much? Why are you going to all these conferences?
This is my first post in this new blog, I will be writing here anything but technical.
Copyrights © 2017 Reza Rad Notes. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Why Do We Get Snack Cravings Late At Night?
Nicoleta Ionescu/Shutterstock
By William Kennedy/Updated: March 9, 2022 11:51 am EST
Tend to hear the call of the fridge late at night, either before bed or even sometimes after you've been asleep for a while? You're not alone. Turns out, late-night snack cravings are perfectly natural, and science has discovered why that might be the case.
Curbing calorie consumption at night is important. According to Healthline, nighttime noshing can spike your blood sugar levels, contribute to weight gain, and even worsen your chances of heart disease, among other drawbacks.
Research indicates that eating better all throughout the day will reduce the urge to snack late at night, and minimize the attendant health problems for which nocturnal nibbling is known. There may even be social-emotional factors to your late-night snack cravings. To know why we all get snack cravings late at night is not to beat yourself up for the occasional PB&J before hitting the hay. Instead, it's to better understand what's happening to our bodies when that pint of ice cream proves too tempting to resist.
The social-emotional influence on late-night snacking
goffkein.pro/Shutterstock
Before we get to what science has discovered about the underlying biology that gives us the urge to eat late at night, there may also be a number of lifestyle factors that contribute to this common bad habit, such as poorly managed emotional health, how much we eat and drink during the day, and even how well we're sleeping. Per the University of Virginia (UVA), stress, boredom, depression, and other negative emotions can cause overeating after dark. Addressing what might cause these bad feelings in your daily life can go a long way toward quashing the practice.
There may also be a hormonal imbalance at play if you find yourself eating too much in your PJs, according to UVA. See your medical provider to find out if that's an issue for you. How much water you drink, as well as how often and exactly what you eat in the daytime, can also help suppress late-night cravings. Your body may crave protein, for example, or possibly carbohydrates. If you're also not getting enough sleep, or the quality of your slumber is sub par, you may also find your body craving carbs. Getting enough of both those things in your three square meals a day, plus adequate rest, puts down peckish feelings later on.
Too much screen time may also play a part
Motortion Films/Shutterstock
Another common aspect of our modern life that might be a contributing factor to your late-night snack urges is too much screen time. There are a few reasons why this might be the case, according to Eat Right, from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. First of all, we're often on a screen while we're eating, whether our phones or our TVs, and distracted eating such as this means we're not eating enough during the day, and therefore we'll have the urge to eat more at night. But that's not all.
Too much eating while playing a video game or surfing the internet, among other examples of screen time, may also cause us to simply forget that we've eaten, or how much we've consumed. It may even interfere with signals telling our brains that we are full, or that we've eaten at all. What's more, where there are screens, there's commonly advertising full of sugary drinks and junk food, per the World Cancer Research Fund. To help address the issue, put the phone away and try to — gasp — have an actual conversation at meal time.
Eating less at night: tips for success
Prostock-studio/Shutterstock
There are things to be done to curb the habit and the related health issues that can come about from too much night snacking, according to the University of Virginia. First, make sure you're getting enough protein in your diet during the day, such as meat, eggs, or tofu, as that can minimize hunger pangs hours later. Another suggestion is to drink a glass of water, as sometimes people confuse feelings of hunger and thirst. A big drink of water also helps us feel more full.
If you do snack late at night, stick to healthy options and avoid sugar, salt, and fat. It's also a good idea to pre-plan the snacks in small serving sizes to help keep you from eating too much. Takeaway being, there are a whole host of reasons we tend to snack late at night. Being well aware of what might be going on with your when you wander to the may just keep this natural urge in check.
Like to eat late at night? Blame your ancestors
Gorodenkoff/Shutterstock
But minimizing screen time and getting your mental health and daily lifestyle right will only go so far to truly address the root cause of after-dark eating. According to Science Daily, the first unavoidable underlying cause that science has discovered to be partially at fault for our late-night snacking is due to our circadian rhythm. Per Sleep Foundation, the circadian rhythm is the little timekeeper we all have in our brain and body that tracks how tired we are, when it's time to sleep, and when it's time to wake up, among other bodily functions.
The role our circadian rhythm plays in snacking late at night is craving cabs, proteins, and sugars before we sleep, as if we'll be fasting. Think of it as something like preparing for hibernation on a 24-hour cycle. In the Stone Age hundreds of thousands of years ago this all made sense, as food was more scarce. These days, though, succumbing too often to that internal time clock telling us it's both time to sleep and time to eat results in too many calories consumed.
Eating at night is obsolete
Pixel-Shot/Shutterstock
There are certainly worse habits to have than an occasional light healthy snack late at night. But generally speaking, the link between pre-sleep carb loading is obsolete, according to Science Daily. Per Steven Shea Ph.D., one of the scientists linking late-night eating and the circadian rhythm, that underlying time-keeping mechanism at one point helped manage food intake, but that role is no longer necessary. And we just don't burn as many calories asleep as we do while we're awake, which can lead to obesity.
Supporting this theory, Shea and his colleagues found through their study that people tend to be less hungry at 8 a.m. than they are at 8 p.m., for example. Shea said, "[B]ecause of the internal circadian regulation of appetite, we have a natural tendency to skip breakfast in favor of larger meals in the evening. While this may have been valuable throughout evolution, nowadays it is likely to contribute to the national epidemic of obesity" (per Science Daily).


Talk show host Wendy Williams has filed for a divorce. This marks the end of her 20-year marriage to her manager Kevin Hunter, reported PEOPLE.
Williams filed for divorce on Thursday. This comes at a very difficult time in her life, which has led to her living in a sober house.
Williams, 54, and Hunter, 46, wed on November 30, 1997. They share one child, an 18-year-old son named Kevin Jr.
At the beginning of 2019, Williams took an extended hiatus from The Wendy Williams Show from January until March. She said that she needed to recover from a fracture in her shoulder, and she needed to take care of herself while she dealt with Grave's disease, an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid.
When Williams was diagnosed with Grave's, she called her husband "a pillar of strength." She said that he was the person who stood beside her for the entire journey.
However, their relationship was plagued with his infidelity. He cheated on Williams shortly after she gave birth to their son.
She claimed in 2013 that his affair had made their relationship stronger.
From that time on, the couple continued to be dogged by rumors of Hunter's infidelity. At the time, Williams waved off the allegations.
Up until a month before the divorce was filed, she still said that she and her husband were strong.
This was Williams' second marriage. Please pray for everyone involved as they go through this difficult time.


Features 12 assorted Girly Outer Space themed seamless printable papers with astronauts, rocket ships, flying saucers, aliens and planets. Great for craft projects, card making, scrapbooking, etc.
✔ Embed fonts for use in apps, websites, and ebooks.