text:
Systematic Review Protocol
Do small protected habitat patches within boreal production forests provide value for biodiversity conservation? A systematic review protocol
Matti Häkkilä ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0583-332X1,
Sini Savilaakso2,3,
Anna Johansson2,
Terhi Sandgren4,
Anne Uusitalo5,
Mikko Mönkkönen1 &
Pasi Puttonen3
Forest harvesting is the main driver of habitat degradation and biodiversity loss in forests of the boreal zone. To mitigate harmful effects, small-scale habitats with high biodiversity values have been protected within production forests. These include woodland key habitats, and other small-scale habitat patches protected by voluntary conservation action. This article describes a protocol for a systematic review to synthesize the value of small habitat patches left within production landscapes for biodiversity. The topic for this systematic review arose from a discussion with the Finnish forestry sector and was further defined in a stakeholder workshop. Research question: Do small protected habitat patches within production forests provide value for biodiversity conservation in boreal forests? Animal, plant and fungal diversities are addressed as well as the amount of deadwood within the habitat patches as proxy indicators for biodiversity.
The literature, both peer-reviewed and grey, will be searched from bibliographical databases, organizational websites and internet search engines in English, Finnish, Swedish and Russian. Article screening will be done at two stages (title/abstract and full-text). The validity of the studies included will be evaluated against validity criteria and studies will be categorized based on their risk of bias. To describe the findings a narrative synthesis will be conducted. If there is enough quantitative data retrieved from the studies, a meta-analysis will be conducted.
Boreal forest is the world's largest terrestrial biome covering large parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Most of the boreal forests in Northern Europe are in commercial use and as demand for forest products has grown, logging has increased in the entire area of the boreal zone in the last decades. Intensive forestry has negative impacts on biodiversity of forest species [1].
Traditionally, main method for biodiversity conservation has been the establishment of protected areas. However, setting aside areas is expensive and only relatively small proportion of forest land is protected for biodiversity in Northern Europe ranging from 1.2% in Norway to 12.2% in Sweden [2]. Russian and North American forests differ from Northern Europe not only in the extent of the area, but also in the lower intensity of forest management. Large areas of pristine boreal forest still remain especially in Canada and Russian Siberia. Protected forests cover 2.0% of the forests in Russia, 19.8% in USA and 4.9% in Canada [2]. However, the network of protected areas is considered inadequate to maintain species assemblages [3,4,5,6]. Protected areas are often situated in less productive areas where biodiversity is not as high as in more productive areas [7], and establishing new protected areas is not possible in the magnitude maintaining biodiversity would need [6]. Therefore, more needs to be done to conserve biodiversity in habitats outside of protected areas [8] alongside restoration of degraded habitats [9].
Habitat quality and biodiversity outside protected forest areas gained interest already in 1970s [10] but it wasn't until after the Rio Declaration in 1992 when biodiversity issues were integrated in production forestry. New practices to maintain and increase biodiversity in production forests included green tree retention, prescribed burning, leaving dead wood in forests and creating habitat corridors and buffer strips [11, 12]. In addition, preservation of small patches of certain habitats (e.g. Woodland Key Habitats) was introduced as a new method in biodiversity conservation in early 1990s [13].
But is conserving small habitat patches within production forests effective way to maintain biodiversity? There have been previous systematic reviews on woodland key habitats [14], retention trees [15], and creation of deadwood in production forests [16]. Woodland key habitats were found to be high in species richness and the number of red-listed species but their ability to maintain diversity in managed landscape could not be addressed [14]. Retention trees were found to be beneficial for biodiversity as they moderated some negative impacts on harvesting, but for forest specialist species retention forestry could not substitute protected forests [15]. As the evidence base hasn't been reviewed recently with the exception of the creation of deadwood in production forests [16, 17], it is time for an update. Here we describe a protocol for a systematic review on the importance of small conserved habitat patches within production forests for maintaining biodiversity. The topic arose from the interest of Finnish forest industry on the effectiveness of conservation actions within production forests to produce beneficial biodiversity outcomes. A stakeholder workshop was held in November 2018 to further discuss the topic. Purposive selection based on known contacts, snowballing and internet search were used to compile a list of stakeholders. An open invitation to participate in the workshop was published on the website of the Evidence-based Forestry in Finland 11 October 2018 and sent by email to 38 stakeholder organizations (Additional file 1) with a notice that it can be further shared with interested individuals and organizations. A reminder email was sent 2 weeks later to those individuals and organizations that had not responded.
In the end, 10 stakeholders participated in the workshop 7 November 2018 to discuss the proposed systematic review (Additional file 1). There was a balanced representation of different stakeholder interest groups from government agencies and academia to non-governmental organizations and private sector. At the workshop, participants were first introduced to systematic reviews to provide them with an understanding of the review process. Then the broader topic of interest, 'biodiversity conservation in production forests' was introduced and key conservation methods described. Afterwards, participants discussed the topic and narrowed it down to the specific study questions included in this review protocol. Based on the research questions, PICO-based search terms were defined, and factors potentially creating heterogeneity discussed.
The proposed systematic review will focus on small scale habitat patches (defined in next sections) protected within production forests. In addition to their direct value as habitats for species, the small patches may contain more deadwood than the surrounding landscape. Both green retention trees and deadwood have been shown to be important for maintaining biodiversity in boreal forests [15, 18]. Thus, we will include the amount of deadwood as an outcome of interest in the review. The amount of green retention trees, however, can be considered as an effect modifier, as it most likely describes the size of the retention area. Below we describe the habitats and green tree retention more in detail.
Woodland key habitats
Woodland key habitats are a common concept in Northern Europe. It was first introduced in Sweden in the early 1990s [19, 20] and soon extended to other Nordic countries, the Baltic and Russia [21]. There are differences in the definitions and legal status of the woodland key habitats and their delineation varies between countries. In Russia the concept of woodland key habitats is applied most widely in the northern regions of the European part of the country and Siberia [21] but there is no unified approach to the definition of the term [22]. In Finland, woodland key habitats are usually relatively small and defined and protected by the Forest Act [23] whereas in Sweden, Russia and Baltic countries the size of woodland key habitats may vary from single trees to several hundreds of hectares. In Finland, woodland key habitats are also defined and protected by the Forest Act [23] while in other countries the definition of woodland key habitats is based on observations or probability of endangered species occurrence on given habitat patches or structural properties of the sites, and protection is more voluntary based [13, 19, 21, 24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. Norway has two systems to identify woodland key habitats, one for forestry planning [29], the other for municipal land-use planning, with substantially larger size of key habitats [13].
The mean size of woodland key habitats also varies between countries being 4.6 ha in Sweden [31], between 2 and 3 ha in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania [13], 0.83 ha in Norway [29] and 0.63 ha in Finland [32]. There has been critique of the small size and scattered distribution of woodland key habitats [1]. It has been suggested that isolated woodland key habitats suffer from extinction debt [33] and that small habitat patches may not be able to maintain species diversity over time [30].
The concept of woodland key habitat is not used in the USA and Canada. Every state in the USA and province and territory in Canada has their own legislation considering forestry and biodiversity conservation. In Canada, national and provincial parks hold most of the protected forests, as majority of the forested land is owned publicly [34]. In the USA public protected areas are defined by the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature whereas protection of private forests is based on voluntary actions and economic incentives [35].
Conservation of other small habitat patches
The above-mentioned conservation actions of woodland key habitats are part of the aim to slow down and eventually stop the degradation of biodiversity. However, forest species are still in decline, especially in countries with intensive forest management, e.g. Finland [36]. To counter the decline, new kind of conservation policies have been developed. In Finland, Forest Biodiversity Program for Southern Finland (METSO) [37], is based on forest owners own initiative to protect their forests. Forest owners offer their forest to be protected by the program, and if the forest has enough ecological values, e.g. high volume of dead wood or quantity of large deciduous trees, the owners will get a compensation payment. Thus, conservation does not cause economic losses to them. Same principles and practices are also used in voluntary forest conservation in Norwegian Frivillig vern and Swedish Komet programmet [38, 39]. In the USA the concept of conservation easements is the main way of voluntary forest conservation. Basically conservation easements mean that landowners give up their right to develop the forest and they get monetary or taxation-based compensation from the government or a conservation group (land trust) [35]. In Canada and Russia almost all forests are publicly owned, and therefore comparable voluntary conservation systems do not exist. In the Baltic countries the private forest ownership has been re-established after regaining their independence in 1991 [40]. Environmental values of forests are emphasized both by national forest programs and private forest owners, but most conservation programs are still determined by state authorities [40, 41].
In addition to voluntary conservation programs, forest management certification systems may include provisions for conserving certain habitats beyond legal requirements. Both Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) systems are widely used in the boreal zone [42, 43]. To get certified forest owners must commit themselves to responsible forest management. The national standards vary between countries, but they often include preservation of small habitat patches of high conservation value [44,45,46].
Objective of the review
The objective of this proposed review is to systematically review and synthesize the biodiversity impacts of conservation of small habitat patches within production forests. Legally designated woodland key habitats as well as any small-scale voluntary conservation areas are included. The review will focus on terrestrial biodiversity of boreal forests. We follow the definition of Boreal zone by Keenan et al. [47], but will include also the Baltic countries. The geographical scope was determined at the stakeholder meeting.
Do small protected habitat patches within production forests provide value for biodiversity conservation in boreal forests?
We will review if the biodiversity of small protected habitat patches differs from that of unprotected forests. Because Woodland Key Habitats are protected because of their biological values, we will also review if their biodiversity differs from that of larger protected forests that should be closer to natural state than smaller patches. We will further review to what extent will protected small-scale habitats retain their original biodiversity if their immediate surroundings are heavily managed.
The study question components are outlined in Table 1.
Table 1 Components of the review question
This systematic review protocol and the forthcoming review follow the guidelines of Collaboration for Environmental Evidence and complies with the ROSES reporting standards. The ROSES form is included as an Additional file 2.
Searching for articles
Articles will be searched from 1990 onwards because small scale habitat protection within production forests was integrated in production forestry in the 1990s.
Various search terms relating to the PICO components were proposed at the stakeholder meeting and discussed by the participants (Table 2).
Table 2 The eligibility criteria for article screening for the study question
Based on the discussions at the stakeholder meeting, a search string was formulated using Boolean operators 'OR' and 'AND'. The performance of the search string was tested in the Web of Science and Scopus using a test list of 20 articles collected from previous reviews and from experts (Additional files 3 and 4). The proposed search string (Web of Science format) is:
#1 TS=((Boreal NEAR/5 (forest* OR zone OR tree*)) OR taiga OR spruce* or picea or pine* or pinus or birch* or aspen* or populus)
#2 TS=(Finland or Finnish or Swed* or Norw* or Russia* or Estonia* or Latvia* or Lithuania*, Fennoscan* or Scandin* or Baltic OR "North* Europ*" or Canad* or "North* Ameri*" or Siber* or Alaska or "United States" or USA) and TS=(forest* or tree*)
#3=#1 OR #2
#4 TS=("key habitat*") OR TS=("forest act habitat*") OR TS=(reserve* NEAR/5 (forest* OR OR privat* OR area* OR patch* OR habitat*)) OR TS=("private* protected area*") OR TS=(voluntar* NEAR/5 (conservation* or set-aside*)) OR TS=(METSO NEAR/5 program*) OR TS=(Komet NEAR/5 program*) OR TS=(conservation NEAR/5 easement*) OR TS=(deadwood*) OR TS=("dead wood*") OR TS=(connectiv*)
#5=#3 AND #4
A simplified version of the search string containing only key terms will be used when the search interface does not have the capacity to handle the whole search string. Boolean operators will be used where possible. The used search strings will be published as additional information in the review report. The search will be conducted also in Finnish, Swedish and Russian.
To screen articles that are published before the data synthesis is started, a search alert will be set in bibliographic databases. The number of articles attained through the search alerts will be reported in the review report.
This systematic review will include studies published in English, Finnish, Swedish and Russian. The language selection is based on the geographical scope of the systematic review and is limited by the language skills of the review team. Organizational websites will be searched in English, except of Finnish, Swedish and Russian websites that will be searched in the primary language the website is published. In addition, if the publications section includes studies published in other of the review languages (e.g. main website language is Swedish but there are also unique publications in English), the search will be conducted in those languages as well.
Bibliographic searches
CATQuest—University of Vermont Catalogue (http://primo.uvm.edu/primo-explore/search?vid=UVM&sortby=rank&lang=en_US).
Directory of Open Access Repositories (https://doaj.org/); 'Search all' field will be used with not further limitations.
Doria (https://www.doria.fi/).
EMU DSpace—The digital archive of Estonian University of Life Sciences Library (https://dspace.emu.ee/).
Helda—University of Helsinki Catalogue (https://helda.helsinki.fi/); All fields will be searched with no further limitations.
Jultika—University of Oulu repository; All fields will be searched with no further limitations. (http://jultika.oulu.fi/).
JYX—Publication archive of the University of Jyväskylä (https://jyx.jyu.fi/).
Lakehead University Library Catalogue (https://inukshuk.lakeheadu.ca/vwebv/searchBasic?sk=en_CA).
NEOS Catalogue for the University of Alberta Library (https://catalogue.neoslibraries.ca/?lib=universityofalberta).
Oria—Library Catalogue of Norwegian University of Life Sciences (https://bibsys-almaprimo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/search?vid=NMBU&sortby=rank&lang=no_NO).
Primo—Catalogue of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies (https://primolatvija.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/search?sortby=rank&vid=371KISCLLU_VU1&lang=en_US).
Russian Science Citation Index on the Web of Science (https://clarivate.com/); Topic search, access from 2005 onwards.
Scopus (https://www.scopus.com/home.uri); Title, abstract, and keyword search.
Swedish University Dissertations (http://www.avhandlingar.se/).
Swepub—Academic publications at Swedish universities (http://swepub.kb.se/).
University of British Columbia Library Catalogue (http://search.library.ubc.ca/).
University of Manitoba Library Catalogue (http://umanitoba.ca/libraries/).
University of New Brunswick Library Catalogue (https://lib.unb.ca/).
University of Toronto Library Catalogue (articles) (https://query.library.utoronto.ca/).
URSUS—University of Maine Catalogue (https://ursus.maine.edu/).
Vancouver Island University Library Catalogue (https://marlin.viu.ca/malabin/door.pl/0/0/0/60/792/X).
Vytautas Magnus University Library Catalogue https://biblioteka.vdu.lt/en/.
Web of Science Core collection (https://clarivate.com/); Topic search covering all years within Science Citation Index Expanded (1945-present), Social Sciences Citation Index (1956-present), Arts & Humanities Citation Index (1975-present), Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Science (1990-present), Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Social Science & Humanities (1990-present), Emerging Sources Citation Index (2015-present).
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/).
Google (https://www.google.com/).
The searches with internet search engines will be conducted in 'private' mode to prevent the influence of previous browsing history and location on search results. A simplified search string using key terms with Boolean operators will be used. The results will be organized by relevance. After the first 50 hits, results will be checked until relevant articles are no longer retrieved as advised in Livoreil et al. [48]. To safeguard against finishing the search too early, a hundred irrelevant hits will be allowed. If no relevant hits appear after a hundred irrelevant hits, the search will be terminated. The date and number of hits received and searched will be recorded and included in the review report.
Organizational websites
Besides known sources of potential literature, internet was searched extensively to find additional sources. We chose the organizational websites dealing with related issues and conducted scoping during the search of those websites for possibly relevant material. The final list of organizational websites to be included in the review:
Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute (http://www.abmi.ca/home.html).
Community Research and Development Information Service (https://cordis.europa.eu/home_en.html).
Department of Natural Resources Canada: Canadian Forest service (http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications).
Estonian Environment Agency (https://www.keskkonnaagentuur.ee/et).
European Forest Insititute (https://www.efi.int/).
Finnish Environment Insititute (http://www.syke.fi/).
Finnish Society of Forest Science (http://www.metsatieteellinenseura.fi/): Publication Dissertationes Forestales (https://dissertationesforestales.fi).
Forestry Research Institute of Sweden (https://www.skogforsk.se/).
International Boreal Forest Research Association (http://ibfra.org/).
International Union for Conservation of Nature (https://www.iucn.org/).
Latvian State Forestry Research Institute (http://www.silava.lv/mainen/aboutus.aspx).
Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (https://www.lammc.lt/lt).
Natural Resources Institute Finland (https://www.luke.fi/).
Northern Research Institute of Forestry (http://www.sevniilh-arh.ru).
Norwegian Forest Research Institute (http://www.skogforsk.no/).
Russian Academy of Sciences: Centre for Forest Ecology and Productivity (http://cepl.rssi.ru/).
Russian Academy of Sciences: Forest Research Institute of Karelian Research Centre (http://forestry.krc.karelia.ru/).
Russian Academy of Sciences: Siberian Branch, Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology (http://inrec.sbras.ru/).
Russian Academy of Sciences: Siberian Branch, V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest (http://forest.akadem.ru/).
Saint-Petersburg Forestry Research Institute (http://spb-niilh.ru/).
SNS Nordic Forest Research (http://nordicforestresearch.org/).
Sustainable Forest Management Network (Canada) (https://sfmn.ualberta.ca/).
Swedish Forest Society (https://www.skogssallskapet.se/).
Swedish Research Council Formas (http://www.formas.se/).
United States Department of Agriculture: Forest Service, Library's Digital collection (https://www.fs.fed.us/library/forestryReports.shtml).
United States Department of Agriculture: Forest Service, Research Publications Online (https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/).
Supplementary searches
To supplement the search, citation chasing in review articles will be undertaken. A call for unpublished data will also be published on the website of the Evidence-Based Forestry in Finland project (http://npmetsa.fi/en/frontpage/) and in ResearchGate and sent directly to stakeholder organizations that may have unpublished data on the topic.
Search record database
All search records will be exported into the reference management software EndNote. When all the searches are conducted, the files will be merged and duplicates will be removed. If the exportation into reference management software is not possible, a record will be created into a separate file manually. After that the articles will be screened.
Article screening and study eligibility criteria
We will use Colandr software to conduct the screening process. Articles will be screened in two stages by three people: first based on title and abstract and then at full text level. At the first stage a random set of 100 articles will be screened by all three persons. If their inclusion decisions do not vary more than 5%, the rest of the articles will be divided among the screeners. All discrepancies in screening decisions will be discussed to facilitate the consistency in the screening process. If the screening decisions differ more than 5%, a second set of 100 articles will be screened jointly. Although Kappa-test is used to quantify screener agreement and support subsequent screening by a single person, CEE guidelines [49] state that "the use of the kappa statistic to demonstrate high reviewer agreement in support of employing only one screener to assess the majority of articles is not advised". Thus, we have opted to pursue 95% agreement between the reviewers to justify the subsequent division of articles between the reviewers without it influencing the inclusion/exclusion of articles. Articles in Russian will be screened by only one person. To check that inclusion criteria is used consistently, the Russian speaker will talk the other screeners through the decision process on a random set of 20 articles.
The review may include articles published by the authors of the review. Their inclusion in the review at the screening and critical appraisal stage will be jointly determined by the other authors in accordance with the eligibility and appraisal criteria.
The eligibility criteria (Table 3) are based on PICO components, study design, language and geographic location of the studies. Only studies conducted in the boreal vegetation zone as described in [47] and the Baltic countries will be included.
Table 3 Critical appraisal criteria to assess studies in the full text stage
At each stage of the screening a separate file will be created of the excluded articles. At the full text stage, a reason for exclusion will be recorded, and a list of the excluded articles with the reason for rejection will be included as additional information in the review report.
If there are multiple articles from one study site (i.e. linked articles), they will be appraised as a group to avoid inclusion of duplicate data following Frampton et al. [50]. True duplicate studies will be removed, and the rest will be screened as a single unit to consider all available data pertinent to the study when making eligibility decisions.
Study validity assessment
All studies included in the full text stage will be critically appraised and categorized as having 'low', 'medium', or 'high' risk of bias. The assessment is based on following factors (more detailed in Table 3):
Sampling (method, location, time and length of data collection).
Accounting for potential effect modifiers and sources of heterogeneity.
Data analysis methods.
Study will be categorised as 'low risk' when it fulfils all the criteria in the category low. If any of the criteria is in the medium or high risk category then the study will be categorised accordingly (but see data synthesis and presentation section for testing robustness of results with sensitivity analysis). In addition, studies with insufficient methodological description will be excluded unless sufficient clarifying details are received by contacting the authors of the study. All studies will be assessed by two persons and any inconsistencies or uncertainties discussed with other research group members.
If enough quantitative data will be available to conduct meta-analysis during data synthesis, the studies will be weighted in the analysis according to their category.
Data coding and extraction strategy
Data from included studies will be extracted and saved in an Excel spreadsheet and will be made available as supplementary information of the systematic review. In the data, study characteristics (meta-data), outcomes such as sample size, mean, standard deviation (SD) and standard error (SE) will be included. In the case SD or SE are not available, the data on test statistics that can be converted into effect sizes will be collected. Furthermore, data on effect modifiers and potential sources of heterogeneity will be extracted to enable statistical analysis of the relationships between outcomes and sources of heterogeneity. If there are independent results from several studies in one article, these will be treated as separate studies in the extraction of the data. To retrieve missing information or data, authors of the studies will be contacted.
Data will be extracted by more than one person. Thus, to ensure consistency, a set of five studies will be first coded together. If later any uncertainties with the extraction occur, they will be discussed among group members. The data from Russian studies will be extracted by one person only, but any uncertain decisions will be discussed with the research team.
Potential effects modifiers and sources of heterogeneity
To understand possible variation in the effects of the studies better, possible effect modifiers will be extracted from the studies. As the studies in this systematic review may have been completed in a relatively large area, large part of the Holarctic region, there are several factors that may result in heterogeneity among studies, including geographical location and climatic conditions of the study site. In addition, temporal variation is expected even though this review concentrates on studies in relatively short period of time compared to the natural life cycle of boreal forests lasting more than 100 years. As forest management has changed over the years, the year a study was conducted may influence the results. Also, time passed since intervention was started may cause variation depending on the timing and nature of harvests as well as natural succession of vegetation after harvests. Below we present a non-comprehensive list of potential effect modifiers and sources of heterogeneity: The list was compiled on the basis of the authors' experience and consultation at the stakeholder meeting.
Geographic location.
Climatic conditions.
Forest type.
Soil type.
Differences in forest management.
Tree species composition.
Size of trees.
The size and disposition of retention trees.
The category and size of the woodland key habitat.
Differences in management (for example, the amount of retention trees).
Certification (certified or not, certification system).
The owner of the study site(s).
Data synthesis and presentation
A narrative synthesis of data from all the studies included will be produced. There will be a description of the evidence base with figures and tables in the synthesis as well as description of the intervention effects on biodiversity outcomes.
Quantitative data on the stated biodiversity outcomes will be extracted to conduct meta-analysis. If there is enough data to conduct further quantitative analysis, heterogeneity in the results will be explored using meta-regression. To avoid the risk of false-positive results, the treatment of several outcomes of the same experimental study will be considered prior to the statistical analysis. Only data from comparable study settings will be included in the same analysis. If there is not enough data to be extracted for meta-analysis, other analytical methods will be considered along with narrative synthesis.
When conducting the systematic review, steps are taken to minimise bias in the results. To test the effect of the validity assessment (i.e. exclusion of articles) and the robustness of the studied outcomes, a sensitivity analysis will be conducted. This will be done by conducting analyses including and excluding studies with high or medium risk of bias. In addition, the presence of publication bias will be evaluated visually by producing funnel plots. If publication bias is detected visually, and if there is enough data available, 'trim and fill' method will be used to adjust the results for publication bias.
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Meriluoto M, Silver T. Metsäluonnon Arvokkaat Elinympäristöt [Valuable habitats of forest nature]. Metsälehti Kustannus. Helsinki: Tapio; 1998.
Norén M, Nitare J, Larsson A, Hultgren B, Bergengren I. Handbok för inventering av nyckelbiotoper [Handbook for key habitat inventory]. Jönköping: Skogsstyrelsen; 2002.
Prieditis N. Evaluation frameworks and conservation system of Latvian forests. Biodivers Conserv. 2002;11(8):1361–75.
Andersson L, Kriukelis R, Skuja S. Woodland key habitat inventory in Lithuania. Vilnius: Lithuanian Forest Inventory and Management Institute Kaunas; Linköping: Regional Forestry Board of Östra Götaland; 2005.
Gjerde I, Sætersdal M, Blom HH. Complementary hotspot inventory—a method for identification of important areas for biodiversity at the forest stand level. Biol Conserv. 2007;137(4):549–57.
Ylisirniö A-L, Mönkkönen M, Hallikainen V, Ranta-Maunus T, Kouki J. Woodland key habitats in preserving polypore diversity in boreal forests: effects of patch size, stand structure and microclimate. For Ecol Manage. 2016;373:138–48.
Official statistics of Sweden. Statistical yearbook of forestry 2008. Jönköping: Swedish Forest Agency; 2008.
Kotiaho JS, Selonen VAO. Metsälain erityisen tärkeiden elinympäristöjen kartoituksen laadun ja luotettavuuden analyysi [Quality and reliability analysis of mapping of the habitats of special importance in the Forest Act]. 2006.
Berglund H, Jonsson BG. Verifying an extinction debt among lichens and fungi in northern swedish boreal forests. Conserv Biol. 2005;19(2):338–48.
NaturalResourcesCanada. Conservation and protection of Canada's forests. 2017. https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/canada/conservation-protection/17501.
USDA. National Report on Sustainable Forests. 2011. https://www.fs.fed.us/research/sustain/docs/national-reports/2010/2010-sustainability-report.pdf.
Tiainen J, Mikkola-Roos M, Below A, Jukarainen A, Lehikoinen A, Lehtiniemi T, et al. Suomen Lintujen Uhanalaisuus 2015—the red list of finnish bird species. Helsinki: Ministry of the Environment & Finnish Environment Institute; 2016. p. 49.
Mäntymaa E, Juutinen A, Mönkkönen M, Svento R. Participation and compensation claims in voluntary forest conservation: a case of privately owned forests in Finland. Policy Econ. 2009;11(7):498–507.
Widman U. Exploring the role of public-private partnerships in forest protection. Sustainability. 2016;8(5):496.
Storrank B. Nordiska Arbetspapper—Frivilligt skydd av skog i Finland, Sverige och Norge ("Nordic Working Paper—Voluntary Protection of Forests in Finland, Sweden and Norway"). 2018. http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1190782/FULLTEXT01.pdf.
Põllumäe P, Korjus H, Paluots T. Management motives of Estonian private forest owners. For Policy Econ. 2014;42:8–14.
Pivoriūnas A, Lazdinis M. Needs of private forest owners in the context of changing political systems: lithuania as a case study. Small Scale Econ Manag Policy. 2004;3(2):191–202.
FSC. Forest Stewardship Council. International generic indicators FSC-STD-01-004 V1-0 EN. Bonn: FSC; 2015.
PEFC. Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification. PEFC ST 1003:2018. PEFC: SUstainable Forest Management-requirements. Geneva; 2018.
FSC. Forest Stewardship Council. National Boreal Standard. Canada. 2004.
FSC. fsc standard for finland V1-1. 2011.
SFI. Sustainable Forestry Initiative. SFI 2015-2019 forest management standard. Washington, DC: Sustainable Forestry Initiative Inc.; 2015.
Keenan RJ, Reams GA, Achard F, de Freitas JV, Grainger A, Lindquist E. Dynamics of global forest area: results from the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. For Ecol Manage. 2015;352:9–20.
Livoreil B, Glanville J, Haddaway NR, Bayliss H, Bethel A, de Lachapelle FF, et al. Systematic searching for environmental evidence using multiple tools and sources. Environ Evid. 2017;6(1):23.
Pullin A, Frampton G, Livoreil B, Petrokofsky G. Guidelines and Standards for Evidence Synthesis in Environmental Management. Version 5.0. Collaboration of Environmental Evidence. 2018. http://www.environmentalevidence.org/information-for-auth.
Frampton GK, Livoreil B, Petrokofsky G. Eligibility screening in evidence synthesis of environmental management topics. Environ Evid. 2017;6(1):27.
The authors thank all the workshop participants for their work to define the final study questions and other valuable contributions to the protocol. We also want to thank anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.
This protocol and the forthcoming review are founded by the Finnish Forest Foundation, Grant Number 2018070301. The Foundation has not participated in the development of this protocol in any way.
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O.Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
Matti Häkkilä
& Mikko Mönkkönen
Metsäteho Oy, Vernissakatu 1, 01300, Vantaa, Finland
Sini Savilaakso
& Anna Johansson
Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
& Pasi Puttonen
Helsinki University Library, University of Helsinki, Fabianinkatu 30, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
Terhi Sandgren
Helsinki University Library, Viikki Campus, Viikinkaari 11 A, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
Anne Uusitalo
Search for Matti Häkkilä in:
Search for Sini Savilaakso in:
Search for Anna Johansson in:
Search for Terhi Sandgren in:
Search for Anne Uusitalo in:
Search for Mikko Mönkkönen in:
Search for Pasi Puttonen in:
MH, SS, AJ wrote the first draft. MH led the writing. AU and TS built and tested the search string. The first draft was discussed with MM and PP. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Matti Häkkilä.
Additional file 1. Stakeholder organizations. A list of stakeholder organizations invited to the stakeholder workshop. The ones with bold participated in the workshop.
13750_2019_176_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx
Additional file 2. ROSES form.
Additional file 3. Test list. A list of articles to test the performance of the search string.
Additional file 4. The performance of the search string. Document of testing search string in search engines.
Häkkilä, M., Savilaakso, S., Johansson, A. et al. Do small protected habitat patches within boreal production forests provide value for biodiversity conservation? A systematic review protocol. Environ Evid 8, 30 (2019) doi:10.1186/s13750-019-0176-0
Forest harvesting
Voluntary conservation


text:
Videos now available!
We are happy to announce the videos from Declare His Mighty Acts are now available!
You can find all your favorite speakers:
James Goll, Jennifer Martin, Joy Riley, Jayme Hull,
Dayna Lovelady, Joan Masterson, Gwendolyn Brown, Mary Trapnell,
Christina Meadows, Denise Hughes and Courtney Cordes.
We are offering the videos at no charge, but donations are welcome.
To donate, click on DONATIONS ONLY below.
Fill in your name and what you want to give with your credit card info.
If you would like to send a check, make it to HIM TN and mail to
Marion Farrar, 80 Abingdon Court, Brentwood, TN 37027
DONATIONS ONLY
As we stand on the brink of revival, are you ready for what the Lord is calling you to do? God is stirring hearts to do great things!
Join us to hear ordinary women tell of extraordinary things they have seen God do. Psalm 145:4 tells us "One generation shall praise Your works to another, and shall declare Your mighty acts." Come sit at the feet of those who are seeing God move in amazing ways and let the contagion of God's Spirit light you afire and encourage you! Do not miss our 2nd annual conference in Nashville, Tennessee!
Special guest speaker for Friday night is Dr. James Goll of God Encounters Ministries who has a heart to encourage women in their giftings and callings and is an internationally known author and prophetic voice. On Saturday morning Dr. D. Joy Riley of Tennessee Center of Bioethics and Culture will bring us up to date on issues in medicine and science that affect our faith. And Jennifer Martin of Contagious Love International will stir our hearts for revival when she brings in the glory to close us out on Saturday night.
Other Saturday afternoon speakers are: Jayme Hull, Spiritual Direction Coach; Dayna Lovelady, Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN); Joan Masterson, One in Messiah Ministries; Diane Janbakhsh,Hispanic Family Foundation; Gwendolyn Brown, Prophetic Voice, Psalmist, and Classical Musician; Mary Trapnell with Christina Meadows, Nashville Anti-Human Trafficking Coalition; Denise Hughes, Transformation Ministries and Courtney Cordes, Harvest Sound.
1419 Clinton Street
7:00 - 10:00 PM
9:30 AM - !0:00 PM
Worship by Harvest Sound
Harvest Sound is a community of worshippers who have served Nashville's
inner-city since 1993. They have served all over North and South America,
Europe, Asia and Africa through music, creative evangelism and compassion
ministry. They are sometimes known as "The Foundry Worship Team."
Dr. James Goll
JAMES GOLL is founder of God Encounters, best-selling author, certified Life Language Coach, adviser to ministry leaders, and a recording artist. He has ministered the love of Jesus in more than 50 nations.
Dr. D. Joy Riley
D. JOY RILEY, M.D., M.A., is the Executive Director Of The Tennessee Center For Bioethics & Culture. Her interests include the realm of vulnerable populations, from embryo research to end-of-life issues.
Jennifer Martin
JENNIFER MARTIN is the founder of Contagious Love International with her husband, Munday. Author of Awaken the Dark Horse Prophet, she carries revival and awakening and ministers in the glory.
Marion Farrar
MARION FARAR is the Founder of Nashville Women's Conference and is the General for Tennessee Reformation Prayer Network under Mike and Cindy Jacobs. She has dedicated her life to prayer and revival.
Jayme Hull
JAYME HULL is a speaker and author of 2 books. She has spent her life mentoring and training hundreds of Christian women to connect with God and others through a mentoring relationship.
Dayna Lovelady
DAYNA LOVELADY is a minister, writer, and prophetic voice that overcame addictions and countless hardships in the past. Dayna has worked for Christian Broadcasting Network for 15 years.
Joan Masterson
JOAN MASTERSON is an author and teacher, revealing the prophetic significance of the Hebrew foundations of our faith and the plan closest to God's heart - the One New Man. Joan is the Founder of One In Messiah Ministries.
Diane Janbakhsh
PDIANE JANBAKHSH and her husband founded the Hispanic Family Foundation in 2013 to enhance the lives of Hispanic families and children in Nashville. They are also the creative forces behind Plaza Mariachi.
Gwendolyn Brown
GWENDOLYN BROWN is a prophetic voice, psalmist, and classical musician. She conducts masterclasses in classical voice to assist young singers to take their place in the classical music marketplace at Fisk University where she is a music professor.
Mary Trapnell &
Christina Meadows
MARY TRAPNELL is the Founder and Executive Director of Nashville Anti-Human Trafficking Coalition where women such as CHRISTINA MEADOWS have been rescued.
Denise Hughes
DENISE HUGHES' heart is that every person would know their identity in Christ and experience the healing that brings them into an intimate and connected relationship with God. She founded Transformation Ministries in 2004.
Courtney Cordes
COURTNEY CORDES has been serving as a "musicianary" with Harvest Sound since 2008. Her testimony is one of receiving freedom from drug addiction, promiscuity and abortion.
We will merge our worship with The Foundry's regular Friday night worship time.
JAMES GOLL will encourage us in our destinies and release the word of the Lord on how God is empowering women in the times we are in.
WORSHIP AND TESTIMONY TIME! Come ready to declare God's mighty acts!
Dr. D. JOY RILEY will inform us on cutting edge issues in bioethics in medicine and science so we can give God glory in these arenas.
Enjoy lunch in one of Nashville's great local restaurants. There is a list of suggestions in your packet.
AMAZING STORIES : 8 AMAZING WOMEN!
Jayme Hull, Spiritual Direction Coach
Dayna Lovelady, Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN)
Joan Masterson, One in Messiah Ministries
Diane Janbakhsh, Hispanic Family Foundation
Gwendolyn Brown, Prophetic voice, Psalmist, and Classical Musician
Mary Trapnell with Christina Meadows, Nashville Anti-Human Trafficking Coalition
Denise Hughes, Transformation Ministries
Courtney Cordes, Harvest Sound
Dinner on your own.
MORE WORSHIP FROM HARVEST SOUND!
JENNIFER MARTIN will carry us into God's glory realm! You do not want to miss!
After every session our "Praying Mommas" are available for prayer.
We are making every effort to provide you with a safe environment for this conference. We will have social distancing seating for those who want it. You are also welcome to wear masks. Please let us know
if you have any special needs.
Hotels and Accommodations
Here are some recommended hotels nearby. Let us know if you need help finding a place to stay.
Residence Inn by Marriott
1801 Hayes St,
The Hayes Street Hotel Nashville
Holiday Inn Nashville-Vanderbilt (Dwtn), an IHG Hotel
2613 West End Ave.
Fairlane Hotel
401 Union St.
Limited free parking is available behind The Foundry building and also on surrounding streets. Please allow extra time to find a parking place. This area can be very busy at night.
JAMES W. GOLL is the founder of God Encounters Ministries, formerly known as Encounters Network. He is an international bestselling author, a certified Life Language Coach, an adviser to leaders and ministries, and a recording artist.
With great joy James has traveled around the world ministering in more than 50 nations sharing the love of Jesus, imparting the power of intercession, prophetic ministry, and life in the Spirit. His passion is to "win for the Lamb the rewards of His suffering." In the spirit of revival and reformation, James desires to facilitate unity in body of Christ by relationally networking with leaders of various denominational streams. Praying for Israel is a burden of his heart, as Israel fulfills her role in the consummation of the ages.
He has recorded numerous classes with corresponding curriculum kits and is the author of more than fifty books, including The Seer, The Prophet, The Discerner, The Lost Art of Intercession and Praying with God's Heart. James is also the founder of GOLL Ideation LLC, where creativity, consulting, and leadership training come together.
James was married to Michal Ann for thirty-two years before her graduation to heaven in the fall of 2008. He has four adult married children and a growing number of grandchildren. James continues to make his home in Franklin, Tennessee.
D. JOY RILEY, M.D., M.A., has been the executive director of The Tennessee Center for Bioethics & Culture, a 501(c)3 educational corporation for 16 years. She is a member of a national medical ethics committee, the ethics consultant for an area hospital, and adjunct professor of bioethics at Trinity International University. She writes about bioethics, particularly in the realm of vulnerable populations, from embryo research to end-of-life issues. Dually trained in medicine and bioethics, she is especially interested in attempts to reshape humanity both now and in the future, including through global policy.
Dr. Joy Riley, M.D., M.A., executive director of The Tennessee Center for Bioethics & Culture for 15 years, is all about bioethics, particularly in the realm of vulnerable populations, from embryo research to end-of-life issues.
JENNIFER MARTIN and her husband, Munday Martin, are committed to preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ to America and to all the nations, equipping a supernatural Jesus generation who will manifest miraculous lives to impact communities and culture. Munday and Jennifer both minister and preach in the Glory, blazing a trail of reformation, miracles, healings, signs and wonders, and intense outbreaks of the glory of God in churches, conferences, crusades, and the streets in the US and the nations, leading many into the fullness of God.
They emphasize on loving the lost in the nations and inspiring others to do so through acts of compassionate love. They started their ministry living in Israel for nearly a year in a total of 20 trips to the Holy Land serving the people of Israel and working with and encouraging the body of Christ in Israel while ministering to the lost on the streets. They are hoping to pioneer a grass roots movement in the church marked by believers living a life in the fullness of God by knowing their seat of authority in Christ, who they are in the word of God, and one basked in the wonder and amazement of loving God and society around them. They are teaching a generation to believe for the impossible by fully embracing the gospel of Jesus Christ, and rising in their God given authority in his word to disciple nations as sons and daughters of the King.
Munday and Jennifer's belief is simple- God's grace and love is for all mankind through His Son Jesus! The go of the gospel means go! They hope to ignite and inspire the church's need to arise into a lifestyle of evangelism for harvesting nations. Not only do they preach it, but they model it in their everyday lives.
Munday and Jennifer have traveled the globe extensively in 24 nations seeing literally thousands come to Christ through international crusade work, missions, creative & power street evangelism, and churches since 1999. Munday and Jennifer have a passion to make disciples, a desire to see a supernatural Jesus generation rise up who will promote transformation & counter cultural reformation through intimacy with the Holy Spirit. Most importantly, they long to make Christ relevant to this post modern society. Munday Martin was ordained in 2008 as a "new breed" Apostolic and Prophetic Revivalist for this generation by Dr. and Prophet James Goll of Encounters Network, author of "The Seer." Munday and Jennifer were both ordained in 2009 by Jeff Jansen of Global Fire Ministries, author of "Glory Rising." Munday and Jennifer also are now active members of Jeff Jansen's Global Connect under the leadership of Jeff Jansen and Chuck Pierce, and Munday and Jennifer are also members of Che Ahn's apostolic network called H.I.M., a coalition of church leaders and ministries around the world.
MARION FARRAR is the founder of Nashville Women's Conference and has a passion to see women fulfill their destinies. As an intercessor, She has a multi-faceted call to prayer and intercession. In addition to governmental prayer, she has taught prayer to inner city children, carries an anointing for soul-winning intercession as well as prays for the release of destiny to members of the body of Christ. Marion loves to give spiritual historical tours of Nashville, Tennessee and is passionate about revival. She has written articles on places of historic spiritual interest and recently she has put together the Tennessee Gatekeepers as a legislative body of twelve apostolic leaders over the state of Tennessee.
Marion currently serves as the Tennessee General for Reformation Prayer Network under Mike and Cindy Jacobs. She is ordained under the ministry of James Goll as well as the ministry of Mike and Cindy Jacobs. As founder of Heart of Intercession Ministries, Marion's chief desire is to seek the heart of God and to know Him and His ways. Marion has been married for 43 years and has 2 grown daughters. She was born in Nashville, Tennessee and has lived here most of her life.
JAYME HULL is a speaker and author of Face To Face: Discover How Mentoring Can Change Your Life with Moody Publishers and Side By Side: 8 Conversations To Build Your confidence In Christ An 8-Week Bible Study to encourage women to stop avoiding the tough conversations and begin talking with the God of hope. She is the host of Face to Face Mentoring Podcast. Jayme is a graduate of New York University and Certified Spiritual Direction Coach with the Blackaby Ministries International. She has spent a lifetime mentoring and training hundreds of Christian women to connect with God and others through a mentoring relationship. Her passion is to encourage others to invest in the next generation and make a positive difference in today's culture. Jayme and her husband call the Nashville area their home and have three married children and 6 happy grandkids.
DAYNA LOVELADY is a Detroit, Michigan native currently residing in Nashville, Tennessee. She has ministered on the streets, in jails, schools, churches, shelters, businesses, conferences, and other places throughout the U.S. and globally.
Having lived experience of addictions, violence, adult entertainment industry, and countless hardships in the past, Dayna was radically saved by God and delivered to do His work on this earth. Despite also experiencing many successes, she has learned that neither hardship nor success saves you, only a relationship with Jesus Christ saves. Her aim is to share the gospel message with others regardless of their hardship or success in life.
With a deep passion for prayer and a calling as a prophetic intercessor, Dayna frequently prays for others via various media outlets. She currently works full-time at the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN) as a Digital Communications Specialist and she began working at CBN 15 years ago as a Prayer Counselor, praying for thousands of people and leading thousands to salvation.
Dayna has been involved in outreach to the homeless and served as a Commissioner on the Metropolitan Nashville Homelessness Commission as appointed by former Nashville mayor, Karl Dean. She now serves on a committee that allocates federal HUD funds to local Nashville homeless outreach organizations.
Dayna writes for publications such as Nashville Christian Family Magazine, CBN.com, and Passages Israel. She previously wrote for The Christian Post and other publications, which have led her to earn several New York Times Achievement Awards and HBCU writing awards. Dayna is a member of the Christian Women in Media Association where she also serves as Social Media Director. Additionally, she is a member of the National Religious Broadcasters.
Dayna graduated from Cass Technical High School in Detroit, MI, where she was an Advocational Music major playing several musical instruments. She was awarded a music scholarship to Tennessee State University in Nashville, Tennessee and also an academic scholarship to help her to go on to graduate with honors obtaining a Bachelor of Business Administration and a Master of Business Administration. In 2020, she earned a Master of Divinity from Regent University and studied abroad in Israel in the summer of 2019.
JOAN MASTERSON is an author and teacher, revealing the prophetic significance of the Hebrew foundations of our faith and the plan closest to God's heart - the One New Man. She is the author, most recently, of DWELLING PLACE. Under the pen name of Melody Hope, she has authored a series of children's books, "The Jeremy Series", inspiring character, creativity, and confidence.
As the founder of One in Messiah Ministries, she regularly writes for the OIMM website (www.oimm.org), nationally facilitates home Shabbat and Rosh Chodesh fellowships, as well as regional gatherings to celebrate the Feasts of the Lord. As a teacher, she has been on many public platforms and taught for five years at Caleb Global. One of her greatest joys as a teacher is her interactive national call-in class operating now for over 25 years on Biblical Hebraic topics.
Joan is ordained by Dr. Howard Morgan - Kingdom Ministries International. One in Messiah Ministries is commissioned by Chuck Pierce and Glory of Zion International.
GWENDOLYN BROWN is a prophetic voice, psalmist, and classical musician. Gwendolyn's more than 25-year international career in classical voice (contralto) includes performances in opera, symphonic music, classical art song and spirituals, as well as the contemporary and the avant-garde. She is received critical acclaim in these works and has performed in many opera houses (Lyric Opera of Chicago, Washington National Opera, Seattle Opera, New Orleans Opera, to name a few), and symphony homes in the United States including Boston Symphony, LA Philharmonic at the Hollywood Bowl and Tanglewood. Her international career includes performances in Italy, Germany, Spain, the Czech Republic, Amsterdam, and Australia. She has created roles for contemporary opera companies and new music festivals in the UK and the US. Gwendolyn has also premiered and commissioned art songs and spirituals of up and rising young composers.
Gwendolyn obtained her Bachelor of Arts in Music at Fisk University (Nashville, TN), and pursued the master's degree in Vocal Performance at the University of Memphis (Memphis, TN). She completed her master's degree at the American Music Conservatory (Hammond, IN). Her young artist development included The Patrick G. and Shirley W. Ryan Opera Center for the Lyric Opera of Chicago and The Des Moines Metro Opera Young Artist Program.
Gwendolyn was ordained in ministry in 2000 by her spiritual mother and father Apostles Curt and Linda Stennis of Salvation and Deliverance Ministries International and In Covenant Ministries Fellowship (Chicago, Illinois). She was appointed as Prophet under the Apostolic ministry of Anthony and Tonya Jones of Jubilee Nation Church.
Originally from Memphis, Tennessee, Ms. Brown currently lives in Nashville, Tennessee where she is the Assistant Professor of Music in Voice and Opera Workshop at her alma mater, Fisk University. She conducts masterclasses in classical voice to assist young singers to take their place in the classical music marketplace. And, yes, she still performs. In ministry, Gwendolyn currently serves in prophetic counsel, prayer, and deliverance ministry at One Stone Nashville where her Pastor is Apostle Mark Landcaster.
DENISE HUGHES is the mother of 2 amazing adults, who are married to 2 amazing adults. She is also the grandparent of 2 precious grandbabies... her greatest joy. She is also president of Transformation Ministries in Tennessee. She worked as a pastoral counselor and teacher for 9 years at Grace Ministries Tennessee, before founding Transformation Ministries in 2004. Denise's heart is that every person would know their identity in Christ, and experience the healing that brings them into an intimate and connected relationship with God.
COURTNEY CORDES has been serving as a "musicianary" (missionary + musician) with Harvest Sound since 2008. Coming from a background of drug addiction, promiscuity and abortion, she is passionate about using creativity and compassion to bring Jesus to the darkest places. For thirteen years she has been serving Nashville's inner city communities and leading creative outreaches in many nations around the world including Brazil, Switzerland, Germany, Cyprus, Lebanon, Mongolia, Cambodia and South Africa, to name a few... In 2017, she served on the leadership team that pioneered "LoveReach", a multi-denominational and multi-generational outreach to Bonnaroo using creative evangelism to bring young people to Jesus. Over 1,500 salvations have taken place over the three years of this ministry.Courtney believes strongly that God is using generational unity and evangelism partnered with creativity to usher in the Greatest Harvest the world has ever seen.
Courtney and her husband, Austin, reside in Nashville Tennessee and serve under Pastors Scott and Sarah MacLeod as the Campus Pastors of Harvest Sound.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


12/5/2001 PRODUCTION MASTER - 4:00 P.M.
Chicago: "World, The," 12/05/2001, WGBH Media Library & Archives, accessed April 23, 2019, http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/A_D443073C0A4A47BD8B14132289A43A66.
MLA: "World, The." 12/05/2001. WGBH Media Library & Archives. Web. April 23, 2019. <http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/A_D443073C0A4A47BD8B14132289A43A66>.


Recent news accounts indicated that SunTrust Bank would charge Basic Everyday Checking Account customers a $5 per month fee in any month when they make a purchase with a debit card linked to the Basic Everyday Checking Account. This fee would be charged even when consumers use the card only once in that month. Consumers Union suggested the decision to charge consumers a new monthly fee to use their own money for debit card transactions was both ill-timed and unfair. Accordingly, on behalf of America's financial services consumers, we urged SunTrust Banks to withdraw thex plans immediately.


text:
«Хенера́ль Диас» () — Парагвайский футбольный клуб из города Луке.

История
Клуб был основан 22 сентября 1917 года. Футбольная команда названа в честь парагвайского генерала Хосе Эдувихиса Диаса. В прежние времена клуб был связан с военной авиацией.

В 2004 году команда заняла второе место в третьем дивизионе, но в том году не получила право на повышение. Спустя два года «Хенераль Диас» вновь стал вице-чемпионом и получил путёвку во Второй дивизион.

В 2012 году клуб провел хороший сезон во Втором дивизионе, в котором весь турнир продержался на первой строчке.

В 2013 году «Хенераль Диас» дебютировал в Примере. В том же году 2 декабря, заняв пятую позицию в турнире, команда получила право выступить в Южноамериканском кубке — втором по значимости клубном турнире Южной Америки после Кубка Либертадорес. В 2018 году команда во второй раз в своей истории участвовала в Южноамериканском кубке.

По итогам 2020 года «Хенераль Диас» занял последнее место в Примере и вылетел обратно во Второй дивизион.

Достижения
  Победитель Второго дивизиона Парагвая (1): 2012

Примечания

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт клуба
 Профиль на soccerway.com

Футбольные клубы Парагвая

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Mayor Kasim Reed stands at the podium and expresses his concerns about the City Hall bribery case before releasing 1.4 million documents pertaining to that case in Atlanta on Thursday, February 9, 2017. (HENRY TAYLOR / HENRY.TAYLOR@AJC.COM)
Photo: Henry P. Taylor
Bill Torpy at Large: Hizzoner reams the public in response to probe
Bill Torpy, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
In the realm of political theater, Mayor Kasim Reed's press conference Thursday was a doozy. And by doozy, I mean a stick in the eye to anyone who wants to see what's going on at City Hall.
There's a federal investigation looking into bribery in exchange for city contracts and that probe is widening.
Bill Torpy is a columnist for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Photo: AJC
There's at least $1 million in admitted bribes. So far. Two contractors have had that hang-dog look while appearing before a judge. Again, so far. Dead rats were dropped on a snitch's doorstep. And the mayor's campaign guru, a key person who helped him win a tight election — and then was rewarded with a city job — is being investigated as being a key player in this mess.
So, with all of that going down, reporters have clamored to get their hands on records to shine a bit of light on what is happening.
For a while, the city stonewalled and would not release the records.
Then it decided to go with another approach — back up a dump truck and just unload those documents on the truth-seekers. Actually, the records would fill up more than one dump truck.
The city released some 1,476,000 crisp sheets of paper tightly packed into 400-plus boxes, perhaps 3,600 pages in each box.
Have at it, folks!
You could say the public got reamed — 2,950 times if you use the standard 500-sheets per ream measure.
Hizzoner explained that this serial reaming was "all about transparency."
"I wasn't going to have you question my commitment to sunshine," he said, standing in front of a wall of boxes as part of his photo op.
By "sunshine" he meant the Georgia Open Records Act.
By "commitment to" he meant the 1.476 million pages squeezed into boxes in no particular order.
"We don't want you to feel we were doing a data document dump," he said, referring to what anyone with a tenuous grasp of reality saw as exactly that. "We'll have someone here who can help you find what you need to find."
In essence, there were a few document concierges on hand, some who even had law degrees. They were pleasant enough when shrugging in response to questions.
AJC business reporter Scott Trubey walks us through the room where the 1.4 million pages released in the Atlanta city hall bribery case are being held. What is he finding? A lot of blank pages.
Video: www.accessatlanta.com
After a while, people digging through the boxes were blurting out that some were filled with empty paper. Lots of boxes, in fact. No, this wasn't an attempt to deceive or obfuscate, explained a concierge. The 3,600 empty pages in a full box were simply the end of a spreadsheet and they had to print it all out.
Office Depot was the big winner on this day.
The Mayor explained that the city had to release the documents on dead tree product because sensitive information had to be redacted — stuff like Social Security numbers and other personal info that could be used for fraud.
I tried to press The Mayor on the fact that his teams could have simultaneously created electronic files while printing them. That could have made finding information infinity more searchable.
Multiple layers of multiple rows of boxes of documents pertaining to the City Hall bribery case were released to the press and public in Atlanta on Thursday, February 9, 2017. (HENRY TAYLOR / HENRY.TAYLOR@AJC.COM)
Photo: The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Actually, many documents originally were electronic files before they were printed and boxed.
The mayor said the process of releasing documents would have taken much longer if they'd converted to electronic. (Which sounds like hooey because I, a technological dunce, have made e-files while printing paper copies.)
The Mayor added that there's an election coming up and I could run the city however I wanted if I wanted to take a whack at that.
As reporters sifted through records, I ran into Esther Panitch, a lawyer who represents the wife of one of the crooked contractors. And Panitch was peeved.
"There is no reason this could not be put into a searchable form like we do (in court) every day," she said. "I can't even remember the last time I got paper from federal prosecutors, even when they did redactions.
"This appears to me to be an attempt to slow everyone down," she said.
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution and Channel 2 Action News investigative teams look over some of the more than 1.4 million documents released that relate to the City Hall bribery case in Atlanta on Thursday, February 9, 2017. (HENRY TAYLOR / HENRY.TAYLOR@AJC.COM)
Photo: Henry P. Taylor/Henry Taylor / AJC
I should back up a bit. Attorney Panitch was there representing the wife of E.R. Mitchell in a divorce. E.R. is the once-respected contractor who admitted to paying someone $1 million between 2010 and 2015 to get contracts.
According to records, E.R. Mitchell got $7.3 million for emergency work during the time he was spreading cash around City Hall, including work for the 2014 Snowmagedon. We know that because a couple of years ago the AJC got electronic — and more easily searchable — data from the city.
Mitchell was the guy who had a brick thrown through his window with a written warning to "Shut Up." Dead rats were also scattered on his porch. He was business partners with Mitzi Bickers, a player on the Atlanta political scene who is a former Atlanta school board member, businesswoman, campaign consultant, pastor and get-out-the-vote maven.
In 2009, Bickers was brought into Candidate Reed's election team to help him overcome a huge deficit in the general election and win a squeaker in the runoff.
The Channel 2 Action News team jots down notes following a question posed to Mayor Kasim Reed at City Hall in Atlanta during a press conference before the release of 1.4 million documents pertaining to the City Hall bribery case on Thursday, February 9, 2017. (HENRY TAYLOR / HENRY.TAYLOR@AJC.COM)
Reed's victory meant Bickers soon added city employee to her impressive résumé, but she left a few years later when Channel 2 Action News reported that she hadn't been transparent herself in city ethics filings.
On Thursday, the city let it be known that 300 boxes of the non-data-dump belonged to Bickers.
The Mayor noted that he has never taken a bribe.
"I have poured myself into this job; I have wanted to be mayor of Atlanta since I was 13," he said in response to a reporter's question. "Do you think I'd throw my life away for some short-term gratification?"
I believe Hizzoner on that. An unindicted lawyer/mayor is worth at least $750,000 a year on the open market, so he would have to be an absolute idiot (which he isn't) to even think of it — especially having seen the sad fate of indicted lawyer/mayor Bill Campbell.
Still, there is a defensiveness to him that is puzzling. I get it that he doesn't want to be remembered as a guy in charge when underlings put a For Sale sign outside City Hall.
But he doesn't need to be known as the guy standing in front of walls of boxes and telling us it's sunshine.


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EquiMoves system
EquiMoves News
EquiMoves as a tool to detect lameness – RTV Utrecht
In an ample reportage at RTV Utrecht, the broadcaster of the province of Utrecht, the practice at the veterinary clinic of Utrecht University is presented in detail. Technology is used by both veterinarians and researchers to examine the movement of horses and detect lameness. With the EquiMoves system, seven sensors are attached to the different parts of the horse's body, in such a way as to determine possible deviations from a healthy movement.&
Read about EquiMoves in Horse Network online magazine
"Innovation at Utrecht University is Changing How We Manage Equine Athletes" is the title of the Horse Network article in the October 2021 online issue. The article presents the advantages of using the EquiMoves system in comparison to the cameras: "The new system, named EquiMoves©, has the advantage of being used anywhere since it does not rely on setting up a number of expensive cameras for each measurement. Instead, small
A horse walks into the vet's office – EquiMoves in Vetscience magazine
The June 2021 issue of the Vetscience magazine, published by University of Utrecht, presents the advantages of using the EquiMoves measurement system in daily veterinary practice. Since subjectivity is affecting both human and veterinary medicine, "the greatest benefit of technology lies in greater objectivity." While for humans it is much easier to express their health problems, horses do not talk. Gait analysis helps to objectively determine the source of the
Presentation of EquiMoves on the Dutch TV channel NPO Start
The EquiMoves system was presented on October 25th 2020 on the Dutch TV channel NPO Start during the talk show "Tussen Kop en Staart" (Between Head and Tail). You can enjoy EquiMoves in action starting from minute 17:50 in the video below: https://www.npostart.nl/tussen-kop-en-staart/25-10-2020/VPWON_1320587
Learn more about EquiMoves at the Science of Equine Locomotion Symposium
EquiMoves will be presented by Filipe Bragança on 21st of October at 19:00 during the Science of Equine Locomotion Symposium. The symposium is an online event taking place on 30th of September and 21st of October 2020.
January 2020: EquiMoves trials in Florida
In January 2020, EquiMoves was used in trials with high-level dressage horses. The experiments were done in Florida by Hillary Clayton, Sarah Jane Hobs, Filipe Serra Bragança, Marie Rhodin and Elin Hernlund. The goal of this research was to understand better the gaits and movements of these high-level dressage horses. Using EquiMoves lameness-analysis software, the authors expect to be able to design training exercises to improve straightness based on an
The International Conference on Equine Exercise Physiology (2018)
The following subjects were presented in Lorne, Australia at during The International Conference on Equine Exercise Physiology (12 -16th November 2018): The use of an artificial neural network to classify gait in Icelandic horses F.M. Serra Bragança, M. Tijssen, V. Gunnarsson, S. Björnsdóttir, E. Persson-Sjodin, P.R. Van Weeren, J. Voskamp, W. Back and M. Rhodin The Icelandic horse is a
EquiMoves was featured in "The Horse" magazine
On 8th of January 2019, the EquiMoves System appeared in the "The horse"" magazine in an article about horse gait analysis.
May 2018: Measuring Icelandic horses
At Holar University, Iceland, EquiMoves was used for measuring about 30 Icelandic horses. In this study lameness was induced and the horses were measured sound and lame in walk, trot and tolt. The goal of this research is to detect lamenesss in all symmetric gaits
EquiMoves was used by Agroscope and University of Zurich for breeding purposes
In Avenches, Switzerland, EquiMoves was used by Agroscope and University of Zurich for breeding purposes. About 68 breeding stallions were measured with EquiMoves. The EquiMoves output will be compared to the visual scores of the judges. A genome-wide association analysis using these Franch-Montagne stallions classified with the EquiMoves output parameters will be used to reveal associations between some EquiMoves parameters and nucleotide polymorphisms
©2023 EquiMoves


One of the exciting aspects of the Malzfabrik is its story. We are always looking for stories, pictures from the past and witnesses. Especially people who used to work in the former Schultheiss brewery are a gold mine for us. Only this way we can gather the particular stories of the Malzfabrik´s past.
One of them is Joachim Künsemüller who visited us last year for the Festival of Lights 2011 and brought us the image of the Malztransporter. The picture dates back to 1964/65 and shows the complete malting team. The van was used for loading malt at the silo underneath the arches (left). We think this is a cool transporter that would surely fit right back in on our premises.
Our contemporary witness Joachim Künsemüller worked as a brewer in the factory from 1963 to 1971, and has many more pictures and stories that he wants to share with us. To be continued.


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Die Lippischen Mitteilungen aus Geschichte und Landeskunde (kurz: Lippische Mitteilungen) ist eine interdisziplinäre wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift zur Regionalgeschichte, Landeskunde und Kulturgeschichte des ehemaligen Landes Lippe, beziehungsweise des heutigen Kreis Lippe und seiner historischen Entwicklung und Einbindung in der Region Ostwestfalen-Lippe und des Weserberglands. Des Weiteren ist die Zeitschrift das zentrale Vereinsorgan des Naturwissenschaftlichen und Historischen Vereins für das Land Lippe e.V. (NHV). Sie wurde bis 2008 im Selbstverlag des Vereins als Jahresband seit 1903 herausgegeben. Seit 2009 wird die Zeitschrift im Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, Gütersloh veröffentlicht. Aktuelle Herausgeber im Auftrag des Vereins sind Thomas Brakmann, Ulrich Meier, Jürgen Scheffler, Thomas Steinlein, Michael Zozmann. Die Redaktion und Anschrift befindet sich im Staatsarchiv Detmold.

Weblinks
 Publizierte Bände und Inhaltsverzeichnisse
 Mitteilungen aus der lippischen Geschichte und Landeskunde, Digitalisate der Lippischen Landesbibliothek
 Lippische Mitteilungen aus Geschichte und Landeskunde, Digitalisate der Lippischen Landesbibliothek

Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift (Deutschland)
Geschichtswissenschaftliche Zeitschrift
Naturwissenschaftliche Fachzeitschrift (Deutschland)
Geschichte (Lippe)
Kultur (Kreis Lippe)
Geographie (Kreis Lippe)
Ersterscheinung 1903


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Our Doctors of optometry offer full Laser Vision referral and consultation services. We work with some of the best local surgeons and can perform the tests required for a referral to them.
We are located within Cambie Plaza on the corner of No. 5 Rd and Cambie Rd. The clinic is located next to Kiyo Sushi and Richmond Public Library.


You visited the company web page Hampton Inn Paducah. The company is located in the state Kentucky, the city of Paducah. The legal address of our company is 5006 Hinkleville Road Paducah, KY 42001. For more information, please call (270) 442-4500.


Warm your baby's bottles and jars of baby food with modern ease, functionality, and style. The Orb bottle warmer from Boon steam-heats both bottles and jars of baby food in a jiffy. It also features a safety-conscious auto-off feature, so even when you're juggling lots of tasks and your mind is wandering, the Orb shuts itself off after use.