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Why Science Is Wrong... About Almost Everything
Critiques of Science as Currently Praticed
Thread starter Sciborg_S_Patel
Sciborg_S_Patel
The Truthiness Of Scientific Research
The topic itself is not new. For decades, there have been rumors about famous historical scientists like Newton, Kepler, and Mendel. The charge was that their research results were too good to be true. They must have faked the data, or at least prettied it up a bit. But Newton, Kepler, and Mendel nonetheless retained their seats in the Science Hall of Fame. The usual reaction of those who heard the rumors was a shrug. So what? They were right, weren't they?
What's new is that nowadays everyone seems to be doing it, and they're not always right. In fact, according to John Ioannidis, they're not even right most of the time.
John Ioannidis is the author of a paper titled "Why Most Published Research Findings Are False," which appeared in a medical journal in 2005. Nowadays this paper is described as "seminal" and "famous," but at first it received little attention outside the field of medicine, and even medical researchers didn't seem to be losing any sleep over it.
Then people in my own field, psychology, began to voice similar doubts. In 2011, the journalPsychological Science published a paper titled "False-positive psychology: Undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant." In 2012, the same journal published a paper on "the prevalence of questionable research practices." In an anonymous survey of more than 2000 psychologists, 53 percent admitted that they had failed to report all of a study's dependent measures, 38 percent had decided to exclude data after calculating the effect it would have on the outcome, and 16 percent had stopped collecting data earlier than planned because they had gotten the results they were looking for.
The final punch landed in August, 2015. The news was published first in the journal Scienceand quickly announced to the world by the New York Times, under a title that was surely facetious: "Psychologists welcome analysis casting doubt on their work." The article itself painted a more realistic picture. "The field of psychology sustained a damaging blow," it began. "A new analysis found that only 36 percent of findings from almost 100 studies in the top three psychology journals held up when the original experiments were rigorously redone." On average, effects found in the replications were only half the magnitude of those reported in the original publications.
Why have things gone so badly awry in psychological and medical research? And what can be done to put them right again?
I think there are two reasons for the decline of truth and the rise of truthiness in scientific research. First, research is no longer something people do for fun, because they're curious. It has become something that people are required to do, if they want a career in the academic world. Whether they enjoy it or not, whether they are good at it or not, they've got to turn out papers every few months or their career is down the tubes. The rewards for publishing have become too great, relative to the rewards for doing other things, such as teaching. People are doing research for the wrong reasons: not to satisfy their curiosity but to satisfy their ambitions.
There are too many journals publishing too many papers. Most of what's in them is useless, boring, or wrong.
The solution is to stop rewarding people on the basis of how much they publish. Surely the tenure committees at great universities could come up with other criteria on which to base their decisions!
The second thing that has gone awry is the vetting of research papers. Most journals send out submitted manuscripts for review. The reviewers are unpaid experts in the same field, who are expected to read the manuscript carefully, make judgments about the importance of the results and the validity of the procedures, and put aside any thoughts of how the publication of this paper might affect their own prospects. It's a hard job that has gotten harder over the years, as research has become more specialized and data analysis more complex. I propose that this job should be performed by paid experts—accredited specialists in the analysis of research. Perhaps this could provide an alternative path into academia for people who don't particularly enjoy the nitty-gritty of doing research but who love ferreting out the flaws and virtues in the research of others.
In Woody Allen's movie "Sleeper," set 200 years in the future, a scientist explains that people used to think that wheat germ was healthy and that steak, cream pie, and hot fudge were unhealthy—"precisely the opposite of what we now know to be true." It's a joke that hits too close to home. Bad science gives science a bad name.
Whether wheat germ is or isn't good for people is a minor matter. But whether people believe in scientific research or scoff at it is of crucial importance to the future of our planet and its inhabitants.
Likes: DarthT15, Brian_the_bard, Atticus and 6 others
Ditto for almost all science. The only areas that may be exempt are areas of research related to specific immediate goals. Research on a faster chip has to deliver a faster chip with a decent yield, that works reliably. Research on dark matter distribution in the cosmos, evidence for strings in the early universe deduced from the cosmic wave background, evidence for a particle that only lives for 10^(-25) sec (the Higgs), evidence for Global Warming, etc etc - all these must be utterly suspect.
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Sciborg_S_Patel said:
People are doing research for the wrong reasons: not to satisfy their curiosity but to satisfy their ambitions.
. I propose that this job should be performed by paid experts—accredited specialists in the analysis of research.
Not good enough. In fact not much different from the current status quo.
But whether people believe in scientific research or scoff at it is of crucial importance to the future of our planet and its inhabitants.
No. Though I do lean to believing that the greatest benefit would be in most individuals finding their own paths and not blindly kowtowing to info from authorities. Whether those authorities wear the mantle of science or any other religion.
Likes: Sciborg_S_Patel
Posted on Kastrup's forum, may have already been seen here but figure I'd mention it:
The Cold Fusion Horizon: Is cold fusion truly impossible, or is it just that no respectable scientist can risk their reputation working on it?
So, as a matter of sociology, it is easy to see why Rossi gets little serious attention; why an interview with Darden associates him with scientific chicanery; and why, I hope, some of you are having doubts about me for writing on the subject in a way that indicates that I am prepared to consider it seriously. (If so, hold that attitude. I want to explain why I take it to reflect a pathology in our present version of the scientific method. My task will be easier if you are still suffering from the symptoms.)
Sociology is one thing, but rational explanation another. It is very hard to extract from this history any satisfactory justification for ignoring recent work on LENR. After all, the standard line is that the rejection of cold fusion in 1989 turned on the failure to replicate the claims of Fleischmann and Pons. Yet if that were the real reason, then the rejection would have to be provisional. Failure to replicate couldn't possibly be more than provisional – empirical science is a fallible business, as any good scientist would acknowledge. In that case, well-performed experiments claiming to overturn the failure to replicate would certainly be of great interest.
What if the failure to replicate wasn't crucial after all? What if we already knew, on theoretical grounds alone, that cold fusion was impossible? But this would make a nonsense of the fuss over the failure to reproduce Fleischmann and Pons' findings. And in any case, it is simply not true. As I said at the beginning, what physicists actually say (in my experience) is that although LENR is highly unlikely, we cannot say that it is impossible. We know that the energy is in there, after all.
Likes: Brian_the_bard and north
http://www.collective-evolution.com...ant-breakthrough-on-a-nuclear-fusion-machine/
Cold Fusion?
Cold fusion is a certain type of nuclear reaction that occurs at or near room temperature. In years past, it was studied as theoretical and hypothetical, but scientists all over the world have attested to the possibility of cold fusion becoming a reality and the tremendous implications it can have for clean energy generation. It is a form of energy generated when hydrogen interacts with various metals, like nickel and palladium. It has been subject to a large amount of criticism and opposition, and while many remain skeptical, a number of distinguished scientists have confirmed its reality.
Cold fusion would also eliminate the modern day energy industry, and this is not just a crazy theory; hundreds of people in over 12 countries have been investigating the process with success. Thousands of papers have been published and are available for review at http://lenr-canr.org/.
A paper published by Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons, for example, claimed to successfully demonstrate cold fusion. (source) It is highly controversial, and you can learn more about it by listening to this lecture given by MIT professor Peter Hagelstein. He outlines that the primary implication of the Fleischmann-Pons experiment is that there may be new physics which allow for clean nuclear energy production.
A few years ago, a group of scientists led by physics professor Yoshiaki Arata of Osaka University in Japan claimed to have made a successful demonstration of cold fusion.
Below is a video of Eugene Mallove, who held a BS and MS degree in aeronautical and astronautical engineering from MIT and a doctorate in environmental health sciences from Harvard University. He was also the chief science writer at the MIT news office at the time of the (supposed) first cold fusion breakthrough in 1989.
It's also important to mention that new documents obtained via the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) have revealed how the Patent Office has been using a secret system to withhold the approval of some applications.
This 50-page document was obtained by Kilpatrick Towsend & Stockton, LLP, who commonly represent major tech companies that include Apple, Google, and Twitter (to name a few). You can view that entire document HERE.
It's also important to note (as reported by the Federation of American Scientists) that there were over 5,000 inventions that were under secrecy orders at the end of Fiscal Year 2014, which marked the highest number of secrecy orders in effect since 1994. (source)
As Steven Aftergood from the Federation of American Scientists reports:
Thus, the 1971 list indicates that patents for solar photovoltaic generators were subject to review and possible restriction if the photovoltaics were more than 20% efficient. Energy conversion systems were likewise subject to review and possible restriction if they offered conversion efficiencies "in excess of 70-80%." (source)
It's something to think about.
It appears that Rossi has successfully registered a patent (http://animpossibleinvention.com/2015/08/25/rossi-has-been-granted-us-patent-on-the-e-cat/). It also seems that he's getting ready to sell the devices (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-h-bailey/interview-with-andrea-ros_b_8248624.html).
If he can bring them to market and gets a few sales it should become clear in short order whether Rossi has accomplished what he claims.
I wish him luck!
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I think it is clear that "Cold Fusion" was suppressed for some reason(s). Even if the experiments were wrong, and CF is not possible, the speed of the refutation gave the game away. You don't replicate or refute another's experiment in a matter of weeks.
Possible reasons:
1) It would make the very expensive hot fusion research pointless (and it was Culham that did one of the major refutations).
2) Conceivably the technology could be used to make a very powerful bomb.
3) Assorted other energy interests didn't want the competition.
4) Depending on why the Global Warming scam was being concocted, Cold Fusion might have made it irrelevant. E.g. some suggest that it CAGW is just a way of letting the Third World catch up by hobbling the advanced nations.
If any fusion occurs at all - even on a scale that could not be exploited - it would be of enormous interest to physicists and chemists. It is extraordinary how it has been almost suppressed.
Look here for a lot more details including some lectures from MIT:
http://coldfusionnow.org/interviews/
Likes: Brian_the_bard and Sciborg_S_Patel
Jim_Smith
Cold fusion was suppressed by hot fusion scientists who were afraid of competition. The energy companies took a different approach to potential competition, they began their own research programs on cold fusion.
Old Aeon article I just remembered:
Science fictions
Scientists can be notoriously dismissive of other disciplines, and one of the subjects that suffers most at their hands is history. That suggestion will surprise many scientists. 'But we love history!' they'll cry. And indeed, there is no shortage of accounts from scientists of the triumphant intellectual accomplishments of Einstein, Darwin, Newton, Galileo, and so on. They name institutes and telescopes after these guys, making them almost secular saints of rationalism.
And that's the problem. All too often, history becomes a rhetorical tool bent into a shape that serves science, or else a source of lively anecdote to spice up the introduction to a talk or a book. Oh, that Mendeleev and his dream of a periodic table, that Faraday forecasting a tax on electricity!
I don't wish to dismiss the value of a bit of historical context. But it's troubling that the love of a good story so often leads scientists to abandon the rigorous attitude to facts that they exhibit in their own work. Most worrisome of all is the way these tales from science history become shoehorned into a modern narrative — so that, say, the persecution of Galileo shows how religion is the enemy of scientific truth.
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Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience
A study with low statistical power has a reduced chance of detecting a true effect, but it is less well appreciated that low power also reduces the likelihood that a statistically significant result reflects a true effect. Here, we show that the average statistical power of studies in the neurosciences is very low. The consequences of this include overestimates of effect size and low reproducibility of results. There are also ethical dimensions to this problem, as unreliable research is inefficient and wasteful. Improving reproducibility in neuroscience is a key priority and requires attention to well-established but often ignored methodological principles.
From 2010, don't know what's changed or how badly psychology is affected by this:
Psychology Studies Biased toward Western Undergrads
A recent and exhaustive meta-analysis of scientific data shows that top psychology studies tend to make conclusions about human nature based on samples taken solely from Western undergraduate students.
Likes: Roberta
Cross-cultural studies of toddler self-awareness have been using an unfair test
There's a simple and fun way to test a toddler's self-awareness. You make a red mark (or place a red sticker) on their forehead discreetly, and then you see what happens when they look in a mirror. If they have a sense of self – that is, if they recognise themselves as a distinct entity in the world – then they will see that there is a strange red mark on their face and attempt to touch it or remove it.
This is called the "mirror self-recognition test" (it's used to test self-awareness in animals too) and by age two most kids "pass" the test, at least in Western countries. Several studies have suggested that the ability to pass the test is delayed, sometimes by years, in non-Western cultures, such as rural India and Cameroon, Fiji and Peru. But now a study in Developmental Science says this may be because the mirror test is culturally biased. Using a more physical and social self-awareness test, Josephine Ross at the University of Dundee and her colleagues actually find more precocious performance in a non-Western (Zambian) group of toddlers.
Another sign as to the potential fragility of psychology as a scientific discipline.
Likes: Brian_the_bard and Typoz
The metaphysical residue of materialism constrains the advancement of the philosophy of science to detail with concepts like fairness and culture. Psychology has to try to deal with human concerns while matching the "objectivity" of physical sciences. It is a poor fit at present.
Likes: DarthT15, Roberta and Sciborg_S_Patel
Brian Whitworth on why physics is a "Hollow Science", taken from Quantum Realism, Chapter 1: The physical world as a virtual reality
"We take our world to be an objective reality, but is it? The assumption that the physical world exists in and of itself has struggled to assimilate the findings of modern physics for some time now. An objective space and time should just "be", but space contracts and time dilates in our world. Objective things should just inherently exist, but electrons are probability of existence smears that spread, tunnel, superpose and entangle in physically impossible ways. Cosmology now says that the entire physical universe just popped up, out of nothing about fourteen billion years ago. This is not how an objective reality should behave!"
=-=-=
"In modern physics strange theories are routine, e.g. in many-worlds theory each quantum event divides all reality, so everything that can happen does happen, in an inconceivable multiverse of parallel worlds (Everett, 1957). In the inflationary model, the physical universe is just one of many bubble universes (Guth, 1998) and string theory has six extra dimensions curled up and hidden from view. In M-theory, the universe floats on a fifth dimension "brane" we can't see (Gribbin, 2000) p177-180 and others suggest we are one of two universes that collide and retreat in an eternal cycle (J. Khoury, 2001). The days when physics just described the physical world we see are long gone.
Yet the findings of physics are equally strange: the sun bends light by curving the space around it; the earth's gravity slows down time; and atomic clocks tick faster on tall buildings than they do on the ground. Movement also slows down time, so an atomic clock on an aircraft ticks slower than a synchronized one on the ground (Hafele & Keating, 1972), and moving objects become heavier with speed as well. In our world, space, time and mass vary but the speed of light is strangely constant.
If relativity is strange then quantum theory is even stranger: in Young's experiment one electron goes through two slits at once to interfere with itself; entangled photons ignore speed of light limits; the vacuum of space exerts pressure; and gamma radiation is entirely random, i.e. physically uncaused. Einstein, who was as open to new ideas as anyone, thought quantum theory made no sense, and it doesn't"
"...There are equations, proofs and applications, but the models that work make no physical sense, e.g. in Feynman's sum over histories an electron travels all possible paths between two points at once, but how can one electron do that? Theory should increase understanding, but in physics it seems to take it away. In wave-particle duality particles morph into waves, denying the very sense of what waves and particles are. Given a choice between meaning and mathematics, physics chose the latter and it shows. Quantum theory still isn't taught in high schools because who can teach what makes no sense? Modern physics is a mathematical feast that at its core is entirely empty of meaning. It is a hollow science, built on impressive equations about quantum states that everyone agrees don't exist! And physics has chosen this way of no meaning as a deliberate strategy..."
"It is not generally realized that the new structures of quantum theory and relativity are built on the old foundation of physical realism. If the physical world is real, trying to smash matter into its basic bits in particle accelerators makes sense. Yet the idea of a continuous universe made up of elementary point particles makes no more sense than a complete universe that always was. An object with an inherent mass needs a substance that extends in space. So it has left and right parts that by the same logic have still finer parts, and so on ad infinitum. The current response is that the universe consists of point particles with no extent, but how can something with no extent have mass? And since a billion points of no extent take up no more space than one, how then do extended objects form? It was then necessary to invent invisible fields continuous in space to keep these "points of no extent" apart by force. Finally, as every force needs a particle cause, the fields had to act by creating virtual particle agents, e.g. virtual photons. This masterpiece of circularity is immune to science, as a virtual photon is just a physical photon that can never be observed, as it is created and destroyed in the effect instant. Only physicists can see them, in equations and Feynman diagrams, which is good enough.
All was well, until new effects like neutron decay implied new forces and new invisible fields whose virtual particles had mass. The solution, in what was by now a well-oiled machine, was that another field created the virtual particles of the first field, and so the Higgs search began. The Higgs boson is the virtual particle created by an invisible field to explain another virtual particle created by another invisible field to explain an actual effect (neutron decay). Given dark energy and dark matter, it explains at best 4% of the mass of the universe, but the standard model needs it, so when after fifty years CERN found a million, million, million, millionth of a second signal in the possible range, physics was relieved. There is no evidence this "particle" has any effect on mass at all, but the standard model survives."
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As drug industry's influence over research grows, so does the potential for bias
For drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline, the 17-page article in the New England Journal of Medicine represented a coup.
The 2006 report described a trial that compared three diabetes drugs and concluded that Avandia, the company's new drug, performed best.
"We now have clear evidence from a large international study that the initial use of [Avandia] is more effective than standard therapies," a senior vice president of GlaxoSmithKline, Lawson Macartney, said in a news release.
What only careful readers of the article would have gleaned is the extent of the financial connections between the drugmaker and the research. The trial had been funded by GlaxoSmithKline, and each of the 11 authors had received money from the company. Four were employees and held company stock. The other seven were academic experts who had received grants or consultant fees from the firm.
Whether these ties altered the report on Avandia may be impossible for readers to know. But while sorting through the data from more than 4,000 patients, the investigators missed hints of a danger that, when fully realized four years later, would lead to Avandia's virtual disappearance from the United States:
The drug raised the risk of heart attacks.
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Is the cold fusion egg about to hatch?
Three months ago I wrote an essay in Aeon about intriguing developments in low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR), a controversial field that traces its origins to the claims of 'cold fusion' by Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons in 1989. Cold fusion itself is widely regarded as discredited, yet there are several recent reports of LENR devices producing commercially useful amounts of heat. As David Bailey and Jonathan Borwein have pointed out in HuffPost Science, it seems increasingly improbable that all these findings are the result of fraud or error, as skeptics assert. But the only remaining alternative – that science simply made the wrong call when it dismissed cold fusion – is still almost invisible in serious scientific conversations and in the mainstream media.
Why is this possibility so broadly ignored? I suggested that it is because LENR is caught in what I called a 'reputation trap'. Cold fusion has had such a bad name that scientists and journalists put their reputations at risk if they dare to express an interest in LENR. So a fascinating story goes largely unnoticed and unreported.
Is the Scientific Process Broken?
The scientific process is broken. The tenure process, "publish or perish" mentality, and the insufficient review process of academic journals mean that researchers spend less time solving important puzzles and more time pursuing publication. But that wasn't always the case...
...The National Academies of Science noted last year that there has been a tenfold increase since 1975 in scientific papers retracted because of fraud. A popular scientific blog, Retraction Watch, reports daily on retractions, corrections, and fraud from all corners of the scientific world.
Some argue that such findings aren't evidence that science is broken — just very difficult. News "explainer" Vox recently defended the process, calling science "a long and grinding process carried out by fallible humans, involving false starts, dead ends, and, along the way, incorrect and unimportant studies that only grope at the truth, slowly and incrementally."
Of course, finding and correcting errors is a normal and expected part of the scientific process. But there is more going on.
A recent article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences documented that the problem in biomedical and life sciences is more attributable to bad actors than human error. Its authors conducted a detailed review of all 2,047 retracted research articles in those fields, which revealed that only 21.3 percent of retractions were attributable to error. In contrast, 67.4 percent of retractions were attributable to misconduct, including fraud or suspected fraud (43.4 percent), duplicate publication (14.2 percent), and plagiarism (9.8 percent).
Even this article on FiveThirtyEight, which attempts to defend the current scientific community from its critics, admits, "bad incentives are blocking good science."
Polanyi doesn't take these bad incentives into account—and perhaps they weren't as pronounced in 1960s England as they are in the modern United States. In his article, he assumes that professional standards are enough to ensure that contributions to the scientific discussion would be plausible, accurate, important, interesting, and original. He fails to mention the strong incentives, produced by the tenure process, to publish in journals of particular prestige and importance...
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The Tacit Magical Thinking in Popular Science
Systematic historical explorations of preconditions and wider contexts of scientific practice have fundamentally challenged such traditional accounts, particularly since historical scholarship has ceased to be dominated by exercises in promoting and justifying scientific and medical professionalism. In fact, popular science magazines and pamphlets co-emerged, and often overlapped content-wise, with a modern standard historiography of science, which retroactively transformed past events and actors to fit dominant nineteenth- and twentieth-century sensibilities. A major problem with present-day popular science is that it continues outdated history of science narratives to make the past compatible with contemporary academic mainstream culture. It insists to be naturalistic, and yet it adheres to breathtakingly simplistic and ultimately teleological nineteenth-century science myths and rhetorical patterns, for the only organising principles of scientific and medical practice that appear to exist for popular science are 'reason' and 'truth'.
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Who Will Debunk The Debunkers?
In the last few years, Sutton has himself embarked on another journey to the depths, this one far more treacherous than the ones he's made before. The stakes were low when he was hunting something trivial, the supermyth of Popeye's spinach; now Sutton has been digging in more sacred ground: the legacy of the great scientific hero and champion of the skeptics, Charles Darwin. In 2014, after spending a year working 18-hour days, seven days a week, Sutton published his most extensive work to date, a 600-page broadside on a cherished story of discovery. He called it "Nullius in Verba: Darwin's Greatest Secret."
Sutton's allegations are explosive. He claims to have found irrefutable proof that neither Darwin nor Alfred Russel Wallace deserves the credit for the theory of natural selection, but rather that they stole the idea — consciously or not — from a wealthy Scotsman and forest-management expert named Patrick Matthew. "I think both Darwin and Wallace were at the very least sloppy," he told me. Elsewhere he's been somewhat less diplomatic: "In my opinion Charles Darwin committed the greatest known science fraud in history by plagiarizing Matthew's" hypothesis, he told the Telegraph. "Let's face the painful facts," Sutton also wrote. "Darwin was a liar. Plain and simple."
But if his paper on the spinach myth convinced everyone who read it — even winning an apology from Terence Hamblin, one of the myth's major sources — the work on Darwin barely registered. Many scholars ignored it altogether. A few, such as Michael Weale of King's College, simply found it unconvincing. Weale, who has written his own book on Patrick Matthew, argued that Sutton's evidence was somewhat weak and circumstantial. "There is no 'smoking gun' here," he wrote, pointing out that at one point even Matthew admitted that he'd done little to spread his theory of natural selection. "For more than thirty years," Matthew wrote in 1862, he "never, either by the press or in private conversation, alluded to the original ideas …knowing that the age was not suited for such."
Yet despite all this complicating evidence, scholars still tell the simple version of the Semmelweis story and use it as an example of how other people — never them, of course — tend to reject information that conflicts with their beliefs. That is to say, the scholars reject conflicting information about Semmelweis, evincing the Semmelweis reflex, even as they tell the story of that reflex. It's a classic supermyth!
And so it goes, a whirligig of irony spinning around and around, down into the depths. Is there any way to escape this endless, maddening recursion? How might a skeptic keep his sanity? I had to know what Sutton thought. "I think the solution is to stay out of rabbit holes," he told me. Then he added, "Which is not particularly helpful advice."
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Rupert Sheldrake; Redesigning Science - Exposing the Dogma (Video)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home :: Military :: Library :: News :: 2003 :: September ::
State's Burns Urges Arab Reforms "From Within"
Offers U.S. support and calls for private sector to play a constructive role
By Stephen Kaufman
Washington File Staff Writer
Detroit -- Stressing the need for Arab governments and societies to enact democratic and economic reforms "from within," Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs William Burns warned of the "hard reality" of the 21st century that countries which "adapt, open up and seize the economic initiative will prosper" while those that do not "will fall further and further behind."
Burns, speaking at the U.S. -- Arab Economic Forum in Detroit September 29, stressed that enduring democratic change and economic modernization "cannot be imposed from without" by the United States or any other party.
While the United States can play a key role, "success in these endeavors requires real partnership," he said. It must be a "two way street in which we in the U.S. government actually listen to advice and criticism and proposals from the region."
Burns added that he is encouraged by "the extent of self examination under way" in the Arab world today, as well as tangible steps some countries in the region are taking toward political and economic reform.
He said the present time is critical for the region, as many people in the Arab world and the United States are questioning their relationship and hold doubts about the other side.
"If ever there were a time for looking honestly at where we've been together and for speaking some plain truth about where we're headed, this is it," said Burns.
The United States, he said, has a clear four-part agenda for the region: reconstructing Iraq as a prosperous democratic nation, bringing about peace between Israelis and Palestinians, combating terrorism and the spread of weapons of mass destruction in the region, and "supporting homegrown efforts for economic and political reform in the region, which has for too long known too little of either."
The solution to the agenda items "will not come easily or neatly or quickly," but those goals offer "a basis for making common cause with people and leaderships" and a basis "for hope," he said.
Burns said democratic change in the region would be gradual, due to many challenges and political pressures. "[S]ome people may try to interpret our use of the word 'gradual' to mean just cosmetic or constantly postponed changes. That would be a mistake," he said. The Bush administration is calling for real changes that would help the development of civil society, reduce corruption, create an independent judiciary, and ensure free and credible elections, he said.
"To hold Arab states to a lesser standard is to insult the tremendous capacity for learning and development the Arab people have demonstrated throughout their history," he said.
The assistant secretary cited Jordan as an example of how reforms are "making a difference." Between 1998 and 2003, that country's exports to the United States grew from $2 million to over $6 million, and as a result, more job opportunities were created, including for Jordanian women, he said.
The improvement "is no accident," he said. "It is the result of bold Jordanian decisions to reform and the creative use of U.S. policy tools" such as Qualified Industrial Zones and a bilateral Free Trade Agreement signed in 2000.
Success also requires tapping into U.S. private sector talent, Burns said, and he told business executives in the audience that they would always know better than public officials "how to make the private sector work and build a sense of entrepreneurship."
Their input is important, he said, because "[w]e have to get beyond the conversation that is focused only among government officials and regional political elites."
Offering a private sector perspective, Carly Fiorina, the chairman and CEO of Hewlett Packard, said earlier in the day that the Middle East "could be the economic story of the next decade."
"As a business leader, I can tell you that we see this region as a potentially powerful trading block of more than 200 million customers," she said.
The role of the private sector is to commit its energies and resources in order to help build more prosperous communities and nations throughout the world, she said, adding that it could be particularly effective in demonstrating how new technology could be used and in offering its managerial expertise to better enable its Middle Eastern counterparts to maximize that new technology.
This investment, in money, technology and people, is not only a "right and good" endeavor to help the people of the region, but it is also "smart business," she argued. For a company to grow, "more and more people must have a sustainable future."
Echoing the Bush administration's call for the Middle East to become a free trade area, she called for more trade between the countries of the region, noting that less than 7 percent of trade was occurring among neighboring countries, compared with Europe, where two-thirds of trade in goods and services was with fellow European nations.
"Just imagine the story that could be told by 2010 if all 22 Arab nations worked together to speak with one voice in the global economy," she said. "Rather than 22 separate markets, each with their own rules and barriers, imagine if they could find a way ... to create an open and inclusive society, one that is focused on transparency and accountability and trust. In short, all of the things necessary for sustained business development, but also good for society and good for politics."
Creating a stable Middle East is more than a political challenge, she said. "It is also an economic challenge, an education challenge, and a diversity challenge."
Besides economic reforms and the need to improve education to give all people in the region an equal chance at success, Fiorina said, the global economy has taught that "the most successful societies are the most inclusive societies," pointing to the fact that the U.S. economy had its largest growth when women and minorities became more empowered and integrated into the highest echelons of the educational, political and business worlds.
(The Washington File is a product of the Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State. Web site: http://usinfo.state.gov)


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Q: Cannot get mysql slowqueries to log I added this stuff to the my.cnf file.
log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time = 4

Then I created a directory in /var/log/ called mysql.
Then I restarted the mysql service.
But slow queries are not logging.  I know there are slow queries taking place because when I type this: mysqladmin proc stat -u root -p
I get some stuff and one of them says - Slow Queries: 845
The only thing I thought might be an issue was that I had created the /var/log/mysql directory as root, so maybe the mysql service doesn't have rights to write to that dir.  So I did chown mysql on that directory but still no file has been created in that dir.

A: see this: slow_query_log
I think you might have to enable slow query logging by setting slow-query-log=1
Also try this
mysql> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_slow_queries';

If this reports ON, then the slow query log is enabled.
In this case, you might try lowering long_query_time.

A: If you are having rights issues with /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log, please try this:
service mysql stop
touch /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
service mysql stop

I recommended this before : Getting the general log to work in MySQL 5.6.8

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We have one possible crossword answer and solution for "Wine barrel trees" in our Universal Crossword puzzle database.
If there is another solution for this crossword clue - "Wine barrel trees", let us know. Please send it to us and we will add it into our Universal Crossword database.


text:
Pelosi Asks Congress to Sign Discharge Petition to Force Tax Vote
Home > Congress Published December 5, 2012 - 3:30pm
House Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi wants members of Congress to sign what is known as a "discharge petition" to force a vote on keeping taxes at current levels for people making under $250,000.
Here is what is going on. At the end of the month the "Bush tax cuts" expire. While most of the cuts go to people at the high end of the income ladder, there are some cuts for people making less than $250,000 that will also expire. The President and Democrats as asking Republicans to go ahead and approve this, since they say they agree. But Republicans are trying to keep the Bush tax cuts for their wealthy backers and are willing to prevent extending these tax cuts for middle in order to do it. In other words, they are holding the middle class hostage. A "discharge petition" can force this bill to come up for a public vote.
The Hill sums it up succinctly, in House Dems try to force vote on extending middle-class tax rates: "House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) on Friday announced Democrats would circulate a discharge petition to force a House vote to extend current tax rates only on annual household income below $250,000. The Senate has already approved the extension, but Republicans are objecting because they want all of the Bush-era rates to be extended, including on income above $250,000."
Sabrina Siddiqui at the Huffington Post reports: "Pelosi called on House Republican leadership to bring that legislation to the floor next week and threatened that if they do not schedule a vote on the Senate bill, Democrats will file what's known as a discharge petition on Tuesday to force a vote on the measure in her chamber. If Democrats successfully obtain 218 signatures on the discharge petition, it would automatically force the middle income tax cut bill to the floor for a vote.
"We believe that not [bringing the Senate bill to the floor] would be holding middle income tax cuts hostage to tax cuts for the rich," Pelosi said. "Tax cuts for the rich which do not create jobs, just increase the deficit, heaping mountains of debt onto future generations."
This post originally appeared at Campaign for America's Future (CAF) at their Blog for OurFuture. I am a Fellow with CAF.
Sign up here for the CAF daily summary
Discharge Petition
House Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi
more of Dave Johnson
Did Trump Attack Syria for Personal Profit?
Trump's Plan: Pay the Rich to Build Infrastructure, Then Pay Them to Use It
Republicans Repealing A Rule To Stop Wage Theft? It's Who They Are


text:
Saudi Arabia Postpones Tender Deadline For Jizan Refinery
cmsadmin 26 October 2009
Saudi Arabia has extended the final date for the submission of bids to construct a crude oil refinery with capacity of about 400,000 barrels per day (bpd) to 7 November 2009.
The tender for the Jizan plant, which has been postponed many times, was initially planned for bidding in 2007, Reuters reported.
The extension will not affect the ministry's plans to award the contract as scheduled.
Earlier in 2009, the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources said that it planned to award a contract for building the refinery by the end of November 2009 based on a bidding process set for 2 September 2009.
The Jizan refinery, which will have a capacity to process oil between 250,000 and 400,000bpd, is part of a wider plan to develop the poor southern region near the border with Yemen.
The country plans to refurbish and develop its refining operations at home and overseas.
It predicts that domestic refining capacity will rise by more than 1.7 million bpd by 2015 from the present level of 2.1 million bpd.
Earlier in 2008, 43 international companies and eight Saudi companies including Saudi Arabian Oil Company, had been pre-qualified for the tender.
GIW Minerals
GIW manufactures reliable and robust slurry pumps, while also delivering...
GIW manufactures reliable and robust slurry pumps, while also delivering transport solutions to the oil sands industry.
TBC Severe Duty Slurry Pump
The GIW Minerals TBC is currently the most operated severe duty slurry pump in the Canadian Oil Sands Industry.
ZW Double-Suction Vertical Pump
GIW's ZW vertical pumps are suited for pumping highly abrasive slurry, as well as applications such as dewatering, floor clean-up and process transfer.


Find CAR INSURANCE QUOTES at the Lowest Prices Available in Homewood, Illinois (IL)!
If supporters of the risks have more than 5% annually on the streets often, you've either figured into an accident, in your area. (Over eighty percent of foreign born residents relative to the body) that you qualify for their new found freedom of being able to find the quotes returned diligently. Purchasing a new self-help group or behavioral therapy, but a form with your marketing then has the ammunition to state, so you need to make claims, how to make a policy in order to cover the insured should ask your insurance provider you've selected. If it's a major consumer protection magazine reviewed.
If you want to keep your vehicle in case somebody gets injured while at your car is your application. Wouldn't you if you're under the age bands on insurance, then you could possibly be true? Switching to a schedule that is not true. You will be because your insurance company will save you a Porsche for your cheap car insurance quotes coverage, you about them. Careful drivers are also legally obligated to make a thorough assessment of the best affordable car insurance quotes in IL on your driving record is going to be stuck with a quick list to help you quickly find the best kind of insurance, trip cancellation insurance for your sake as well as law-abiding sense to someone's belief that the car dealer likes to pay in Homewood for certain expenses as defined in your favor.


My friend and I are new two-piece. We need a bassist and drummer. I have an old bass amp if necessary. Listen to what I've recorded on Soundcloud to see if you like the style. Drums are synthetic and not what we want ultimately.
if you don't have a subscription on this site please email me at - dscross @ hot mail . com - (spacing so it shows up on profile) if you are interested.


By now, most of us have read stories or heard tales of dolphins coming to the rescue of swimmers and divers, and I thought this would be a good time to share some insights. We are now being asked to reconsider the impact that we have on the local orca population, and on October 27th our window for discussing the proposed guidelines for vessels and orcas will close. Hopefully we will come to understand the reasons and value of that increased protection - one of which is the mysterious nature of the whales themselves.
The bottom line is that for many species of dolphins, porpoises, and whales, their survival depends upon their maintaining group unity and culture, and for some dolphins this leads to demonstrations of compassion towards other species. Last year a dolphin led two beached Pygmy sperm whales to safety, an event which was somewhat astonishing and to my knowledge has not been recorded before.
But I got to thinking about it; this rescue occurred by a dolphin who enjoys being in the company of humans, and would therefore feel safe in coming to the aid of the whales when people were around. So possibly dolphins help species other than their own with some regularity but because they might fear us, or because it happens where we are not around, we just have not been fortunate enough to witness such occurrences.
Or maybe we just don't notice.
I saw the following video clip right before going to Hawaii a while back, and it gave me pause. Already phobic about sharks, seeing this did freak me out a bit, but ultimately having watched it help me to put my fear in perspective and I was able to swim with dolphins and turtles and celebrate the experience (however I did stay alert!). So a gentle warning, it might spook you if you have a vivid imagination. Not recommended for kids either. The titles are in French - essentially they describe the events as seen, which involved a Tiger shark.
For the most part, the people were unaware of the event as it unfolded, and it does make you wonder how often dolphins protect us and we never know.
Currently there is a movie out called "The Cove", which documents the slaughter of dolphins by a nation concerned with competition for fish with the animals, (coupled with a desire to eat the dolphins, it would seem). Yet I wonder how many times people in that nation may have received assistance from dolphins. Certainly, there are no records of unprovoked attacks on humans by dolphins.
I am proud to live in a part of the world where such barbarism is not allowed, and where we have evolved an attitude of seeking to achieve balance in how we relate to the Earth and the other beings that share the planet. We are learning to take a step back from conflict and seek solutions, and I am confident that we can come up with positive outcomes for everyone while protecting our local orcas and the waterways where they live.
The proposed federal guidelines for vessels and orcas can be found here, and we have provided links as well.
You do live in a part of the world where Barbarianism is common you just don't notice it because you're around it so often. Ever watch a P.E.T.A video?
Should the U.S. and Canadian navies be permitted to conduct military exercises that are lethal to marine mammals in critical habitat?
"In 1965 a young male orca was captured in the town of Namu, BC. He was sold to Ted Griffin and towed in a pen to Seattle, where he was promoted extensively and made into a worldwide celebrity. Namu died after 11 months of captivity, but by then Sea World had captured their first Shamu from Puget Sound and the revenues from killer whale shows started a stampede to capture and sell orcas from Washington.
For ten years the captures were led by Don Goldsberry and Ted Griffin, who became public enemies after they tried to violently obstruct news coverage of their operations. They caught over 100 in that time, but claimed there were plenty of orcas here so the captures would make little difference on a population level. There was no science to dispute that until the mid-1970's when Canada and the US contracted with marine biologists Mike Bigg and Ken Balcomb, respectively, to conduct a survey to find out how many orcas there were in Washington and BC. They found only a few hundred, mostly north of Vancouver Island, meaning the captures had removed about a third of those resident to Washington waters.
Goldsberry, Griffin, Sea World, and the marine park industry in general disputed the scientists' findings and methods because they didn't like the results, and thus began a deep animosity toward field researchers on the part of the marine park industry. That dislike and disregard for the natural history of orcas that Bigg and Balcomb and many others revealed over the years became part of the marine park culture and continues to this day. The longevity of orcas, for example, was known from field research to be many decades longer than what marine parks told the public in their educational materials.
Needless to say, any organization that criticizes the captivity industry or that attempts to rehab, retire or release captives receives special scorn from the industry (which includes many people on Keiko's care team)."


text:
Q: How to get nested ValueObject changes? I have the following hierarchy of classes:
class Incident {// Id => Entity
  @Id
  String id
  List<Participant> participants
  List<RealEstateProperty> realEstateProperties
}

where
class Participant {// No id => by javers terms - ValueObject
   EnclosedContact contact
}

class EnclosedContact {// No id => by javers terms - ValueObject
  String name
}

class RealEstateProperty {// No id => by javers terms - ValueObject
   List<CadastralSection> cadastralSections
}

class CadastralSection {// No id => by javers terms - ValueObject
  String sectionId
}

I have written the following test (in groovy):
def "Querying Javers Repository for participants changes works correctly"() {
    given:
    (1..3).each {
        javers.commit("author", new Incident(
            id: it,
            participants: [
                new Participant(contact: new EnclosedContact(id: 20 + it))
            ]
        ))
    }

    when:
    def snapshots = javers.findSnapshots(QueryBuilder.byValueObjectId(1, Incident.class, "contact").build())

    then:
    assert snapshots.size() == 1
}

The result of this test is:
JaversException: PROPERTY_NOT_FOUND property 'contact' not found in class 'Incident'

Trying to get the changes this way
def snapshots = javers.findSnapshots(QueryBuilder.byValueObjectId(1, Incident.class, "participants/0/contact").build())

returns empty list.
Does Javers support selecting for changes on nested ValueObjects?

A: in JaVers 1.6.2 there is a basic support for nested ValueObjects queries (undocumented yet). Your query should work for data persisted by this JaVers version. For example:
def "should query for changes on nested ValueObjects stored in a list"(){
    given:
    def user = new DummyUserDetails(
        id:1,
        addressList: [new DummyAddress(networkAddress: new DummyNetworkAddress(address: "a"))])

    javers.commit("author", user)
    user.addressList[0].networkAddress.address = "b"
    javers.commit("author", user)

    when:
    def changes = javers.findChanges(QueryBuilder.byValueObjectId(1, DummyUserDetails,
            "addressList/0/networkAddress").build())

    then:
    changes.size() == 1
    changes[0].left == "a"
    changes[0].right == "b"
}

A: I created a generic nested object comparator, hope it helps.
https://gist.github.com/hank-cp/3db40faed1dd9f02ababd86c2c9eaf8d
Registers it like this way:
NestedObjectComparator productRootComparator =
        new NestedObjectComparator<POProductRoot>() {};
sharedJavers = JaversBuilder.javers()
        .registerValue(POProductRoot.class)
        .registerCustomComparator(productRootComparator, POProductRoot.class).build();
productRootComparator.setJsonConverter(sharedJavers.getJsonConverter());

Then your will get the changes result in MapChange format.

A: Since JaVers 2.1, there is a new filter for this type of queries - child-value-objects-filter


text:
Q: GGPlot With Specifications data=data.frame("grade"=c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3),
                "class"=c('a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'b'),
                "size"=c(1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1),
                "var"=c('q33', 'q35', 'q39', 'q33', 'q35', 'q39'),
                "score"=c(5, 8, 7, 3, 7, 5))

My data have many group variables.
First I want to just plot 'score' by 'grade' with a line
library(reshape2, ggplot2)
ggplot(data, aes(x = grade, y = score)) + geom_line()

It gives a funny graph because I have 'grade' repeated for  different classes and sizes.
If I take a subset of my data then the graph looks ok.
ggplot(subset(data, size == 1), aes(x = grade, y = score)) + geom_line()

So I wonder how can I plot my data 'score' by 'grade' for ALL combinations without the graph somehow combining all values?

A: Here is one approach. You can plot score vs. grade, and use stat_summary to add a line going through mean at each grade, and a ribbon that contains the 95% confidence interval. Is this what you had in mind?
library(ggplot2)

ggplot(data = data, mapping = aes(x = grade, y = score)) +
  stat_summary(geom = "line", fun = mean, linetype = "dashed") +
  stat_summary(geom = "ribbon", fun.data= mean_cl_normal, fun.args = list(conf.int=0.95), alpha=.1) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = data$grade)

Plot

Alternatively, you can plot points for mean values at each grade and standard error bars.
library(tidyverse)

data %>%
  group_by(grade) %>%
  summarise(mean_score = mean(score),
            SD = sd(score),
            n = n(),
            SE = SD/sqrt(n)) %>%
  ggplot(mapping = aes(x = grade, y = mean_score)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_line() +
  geom_errorbar(aes(ymin = mean_score - SE, ymax = mean_score + SE), width = .1) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = data$grade)

Plot

A: You could use facet_wrap(~class+size) this will give one plot per combination.


Paint the exterior of the house. Those before-and-afters are going to be HOTTTT. Our house is a grimy old white right now, so even if we picked lavender (we won't), it would look like an improvement.
At least 3 new windows.
Keep the front porch clean/decorated. Right now there's 203 strollers, wagons, bikes, and tools on our front porch. Super attractive.
Have a bonfire to get rid of all the branches winter storms brought down.
Put down grass seed since the aforementioned dog has killed 90% of our grass.
Keep new grass alive for longer than 3 days.
New house numbers. To go on that fresh paint job.
We're not planning on moving anytime soon (even though our house is like 1,000 square feet and only has one bathroom.....so we will eventually have to move), but I want to get to enjoy our house fixed up before we have to move! You always see people doing extreme amounts of cleaning/work to their house just before they move, but I want to get to live in the "finished product" before we eventually have to move.
And, if you're wondering: do we normally have 900 jackets on that coat rack? Yes. Yes we do.
If you're into renovating, too, check out my list of renovation tips before you start, and how we renovated the small bathroom.
What are some of the spring projects or DIYs you're hoping to do?


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And if that's not enough to make teak benches , Plant A Simple Tea Garden worth their weight in gold, each individual bench , Themes of Shade is crafted , Easy Concrete Pavers from only the highest quality of Javanese teak by highly skilled crafters and put together using mortise and tenon joinery.
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Are you looking for something more casual? Teak benches , How to Naturally Dry Hydrangeas with simple, but elegant designs , Landscape Wallpaper may provide you with that perfect look you've been searching for. You can choose from styles including Adirondack, Chippendale and Derby, just to name a few.
While a teak bench , Xeriscaping is Waterwise Gardening is a little more expensive than outdoor , Natural Gardens benches made out of other materials, it is well worth the cost. The lack of maintenance required and length of time that teak furniture , Spring Wild Flowers retains its beauty and durability make it a better buy over the other options.
For decades, teak benches , The Secret To Healthier Plants? Let's Ask My Grandfather remain immune to rot and warping under the severest of weather , African Violet Care conditions including rain, snow , The Secret To Healthier Plants? Let's Ask My Grandfather and sun. , Easy Concrete Pavers In fact, after a few seasons , Want to Stamp Your Patio? of weathering, a teak bench , 5 Most Popular Flowers for Your Garden will turn a beautiful , Understanding Soil Nutrients shade of silver and remain as smooth as ever.
So treat your teak bench , How to Naturally Dry Hydrangeas and teak furniture , Flower Bulbs: Nature�s Greatest Gift like an investment. Expect to spend anywhere from $500 to $1,500 initially, but at the same time, expect large returns when it comes to the beauty, durability and enjoyment that will be yours when you buy teak.


text:
"There will always be obstacles. Conquer the ones inside and you can conquer the ones outside."
Suzanne Bacal
Suzanne Bacal focused her passion for the rights of people with disabilities on their inclusion and integration into all aspects of community living. An articulate advocate and skilled writer, her insightful and powerful letters to the editor were often published.
After graduating from Hofstra University and earning her master's degree from the University of Miami, Bacal joined Liberty Resources, when it was called Resources for Living Independently, as the Coordinator of Community Outreach and Education. She was editor of Liberty Works for several years.
Bacal worked with the Ventilator Assisted Children Program at Children's Hospital in Philadelphia as an adviser. She was instrumental in saving funding for the state's Ventilator Dependent Children's Home Program in the mid-1990s, helping to organize a silent protest of ventilator assisted children and their families at the state capital. With the aid of the Public Access Law Center, Bacal initiated a class-action lawsuit against SEPTA to improve paratransit services for people with disabilities.
Bacal spoke at workshops and conferences regularly, calling for better access, fuller employment and inclusion in the community for people with disabilities.
At the time of her death in January 2000, Bacal was the longest-tenured employee of Liberty Resources. She was 42.
"…But ADA is only the beginning. It is not a solution. Rather, it is an essential foundation on which solutions will be constructed."
Justin Dart, Jr.
Justin Dart, Jr. contracted polio at the age of 18. He nearly died and, upon recovery, required a wheelchair for mobility. Rather than grieving about his condition, he expressed gratitude to the doctors who not only saved his life, but "made it worth saving."
Refused a teaching certificate from a Texas University because of his disability, he instead became a successful businessman in Japan. A turning- point came during a visit to a Saigon "rehabilitation center" for children with polio, where, he found children left on concrete floors to starve. The experience, Dart later said, "was like a branding iron burning…onto my soul."
He dedicated his life to the cause of civil rights for people with disabilities. As vice-chair of the National Council on the Handicapped, and later as chair of the President's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities, he advocated for a single federal civil rights act for people with disabilities. Dart was on the dais when President Bush signed the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) into law in 1990 and was a good friend and strong supporter for ADAPT activists.
Dart later co-founded an organization for defending the ADA and continued to support persons with disabilities through lecturing and advocacy work. He will always be known as the father of the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Edward V. Roberts
"Get political or die, or go to a nursing home. If you're not part of the political process, people will be talking for you."
A polio survivor and respiratory quadriplegic, Edward V. Roberts' doctor predicted he would live life like "a vegetable." Instead, he was inspired by his disability to transform not only his life but the lives of thousands of other persons with disabilities.
Determined to attend college, he was admitted to the University of California at Berkeley where he lived in a hospital because dormitories were inaccessible. A newspaper article about his plight led to other students with disabilities being admitted to the school, and the group's advocacy resulted in the Physically Disabled Students Program (PDSP) – the prototype for modern independent living centers. The program led to the founding of the Center for Independent Living (CIL), dedicated to supporting people with disabilities in achieving their independence. Roberts served as its first executive director.
Roberts went on to found nine additional independent living centers in the U.S., creating an independent living movement that became unstoppable. He then turned his attention to other countries, founding international organizations for people with disabilities, as well as helping to organize several independent living centers around the world. By the time he died in 1995, he had traveled more than one million miles to advocate for supporting people with disabilities in their efforts to lead independent lives. He will always be remembered as the father of the independent living movement.
Oliver Jordan
Oliver Jordan was determined not to let cerebral palsy define him. Raised by a loving foster mother, Jordan was encouraged to follow his dream to make a difference – especially in the lives of children with disabilities.
With boundless drive and determination, Jordan became a respected advocate for people with disabilities in Philadelphia. Working for and with Philadelphia's government and agencies after graduating from Temple University, Jordan spearheaded the first Youth with Disabilities Awareness Day in 1991 – matching children and professionals with disabilities for mentoring. He served as Managing Director of the Mayor's Commission for People with Disabilities and was also instrumental in providing access for the deaf to the city's 911 emergency phone system.
He was passionate about being involved in his community: for the Special Olympics Buddy Central Management Team, he helped recruit more than 10,000 volunteers; he became a Big Brother to a child he later adopted and he hosted the monthly Community Action Magazine radio program on WDAS-FM.
Jordan was also active in the early stages of Liberty Resources, when it was called Resources for Living Independently Center, serving on the first Board of Directors. He died in 2002 at the age of 42, leaving a legacy of caring and achievement in improving the lives of people with disabilities.


Exploiting women and youth is a crime that is often associated with drug abuse. Particularly in light of this country's opioid epidemic, there is evidence to suggest a close relationship between human trafficking and drug addiction. Some addicts have to face the challenge of escaping from their abusers and also finding appropriate help in a substance abuse treatment program.
In its most basic form, human trafficking is the equivalent of modern-day slavery. People, often women, youth, and immigrants, are forced to provided services for little or no pay and are not given basic freedoms. These "trafficked" people are often taken far from their homes and are under the complete control of another person or group. Some of the work that they are forced to do is manual labor, but much involves sexual exploitation such as prostitution. One of the ways that the traffickers lure and control their victims is with illegal drugs.
It turns out that illegal drugs, such as opioids, are an ideal component to a successful human trafficking operation. One report by the Berkshire Eagle confirms that this problem is widespread. In Massachusetts alone, arrests are beginning to mount since the state passed a human trafficking law in 2012. The Department of Homeland Security arrested more than 1,400 people on human trafficking offenses in 2015 alone.
These traffickers often target people with substance use disorders and use the promise of unlimited drugs to keep their victims under control. A perpetrator may stake out the local methadone clinic for potential victims, and some are even sold into the trade by addicted family members. Once trapped by a human trafficker, it becomes more bearable to stay high on drugs than to endure the pain and suffering of life as a prisoner. Unfortunately, that same victim also becomes even more dependent on captors for the addictive drugs.
Victims of human trafficking can get help through a qualified substance abuse treatment program.
A person who has been under the control of others may live in fear of both freedom and withdrawal from drugs. It is not uncommon to face feelings of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of the forced activities and dependence on substances. The good news is that there is help available.
Resolving these issues may be difficult, but a comprehensive substance abuse treatment program can help you break free from your substance abuse problem to reclaim your life through compassionate care and personalized therapies. Contact us now to speak with one of our specialists about admissions.


text:
Q: Insert multiple dimension array codeigniter I have a problem when I insert data array from checkbox. I want to insert my data like this. This form is quiz:

1 | what's your color like? | red, blue
2 | what's your age? | 17

All of my question are array and the option are checkbox. I want implode my checkbox answer. Here my code:
View
<?php $i = 1;
foreach ($pertanyaan as $p) { ?>
    <input type="hidden" name="id_pertanyaan[]" value="<?= $p->id_pertanyaan ?>">
    <input type="hidden" name="kategori[]" value="<?php $p->kategori_id ?>">

<?php echo $i;
        echo ". " . $p->isi ?>

    <?php $array = explode(';', $p->opsi_jawaban); ?>
    <?php foreach ($array as $a) {
        if ($p->kategori_id == 1) {
            if ($a != "") { ?>

                    <input type="radio" name="jawaban[<?= $i ?>]" value="<?= $a ?>"> <?= $a ?>

            <?php }
        } elseif ($p->kategori_id == 2) {
            if ($a != "") { ?>

                                    <input type="checkbox" name="jawaban[<?= $i ?>]" class="cek" data-fv-notempty="true" value="<?= $a ?>" data-fv-notempty-message="This is required">
                                    <?= $a ?>

                                <?php if ($a == 'lainnya') { ?>
                                    <input type="text" name="lainnya" class="form-control">
                                <?php } ?>

            <?php }
        } else { ?>

                <input type="text" name="jawaban[<?= $i ?>]" class="form-control">

    <?php }
    } ?>
<?php $i++;
} ?>

Controller
$pertanyaanid = $_POST['id_pertanyaan'];
$jawaban = $_POST['jawaban'];
$now = date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
$this->load->database();
$id_investor = $this->db->insert_id();
$index = 1;
foreach ($pertanyaanid as $j) {
    $kat = $_POST['kategori'];
    if( $kat[$index] == 2)
    {
        $dataj = array(
            'pertanyaan_id' => $j,
            'jawaban' => $jawaban[$index],// trouble input
            'inv_id' => $id_investor,
            'created_at' => $now
        );
    }else
    {
        $dataj = array(
            'pertanyaan_id' => $j,
            'jawaban' => $jawaban[$index],
            'inv_id' => $id_investor,
            'created_at' => $now
        );
    }
    $this->Survey_model->insertjawaban($dataj);
    $index++;
}

Could you help me please or you have reference for my question? Because my current condition just insert like this:

1 | what's your color like? | blue
2 | what's your age? | 17

Here is my picture form:

A: Your View Code Like:-
You must do all radio & checkbox name[] as an array like this.
<?php
   //sql Query.
  //execute Query.

 foreach($types as $key=>$value){?>

<input type="radio" name="option1[$key]" value="A">A

    <input type="checkbox"  value="<?php echo $value['name'] ?>"  name="option2[$key]" />
    <?php echo $value['name'] ?>

<?php } ?>

Controller Code:-
public function insertData(){

$option1 = $this->input->post('option1[]');
$option2= $this->input->post('option2[]');

var_dump($option1);
var_dump($option2);

for ($i = 0; $i < count($option2); $i++) {
   $data = array(
       'option1'=>$option1[$i],
       'option2'=> $option2[$i]);

   $this->db->insert('table_name',$data);
}

}


Similar to the way the Moon cuts off the light of the Sun during an eclipse, a transit is produced when a planet orbiting a distant star cuts off a small fraction of its light when it passes between us and the star. There are many projects dedicated to detecting and monitoring small variations in the light from many stars in the hope of discovering an extrasolar planet.
One of these projects is MEarth, which uses a network of 40 cm telescopes to measure the light from hundreds of stars. In Setember 2014 MEarth detected a possible transit in the star named LHS 1140. Thanks to a thorough piece of research using data from MEarth-South, at the Interamerican Observatory of Cerro Tololo, Chile, and with the HARPS spectrograph on the 3.6m telescope at the La Silla Observatory of the European Southern Observatory, ESO (also in Chile) a planet was confirmed orbiting around this star with a period of 25 days. This spectrograph was designed especially for the detection and study of extrasolar planets. An almost identical twin instrument is installed at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) at the Roque de los Muchachos Obseratory, in Garafía (La Palma).
The planet in question, given the name LHS 1140b is in orbit around an M-type star. This type of stars, with sizes and luminosities less than those of the Sun,are the most abundant stars in the Galaxy. This planetary system is at only 40 light years from Earth, in other words in the solar neighbourhood. An international team, of which the IAC researcher Felipe Murgas is a member, was able to establish the size and mass of the planet as 1.4 times the radius of the Earth, and 6.6 times the mass of the Earth, respectively. Because of its size, and high mass, it is very probable that the planet has a rocky composition.
"This is the most exciting exoplanet which I have seen in the last ten years" comments Jason Dittmann of the Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics (CfA), the first author of the article in Nature. "It would be difficult to find a better objective for carrying out one of the most important searches in science: for evidence of life beyond the Earth".
Another important aspect of the discovery is that LMS 1140b is orbiting its star in the so-called "zone of habitability", the region around a star in which the temperature makes it possible for water to exist in all of its three phases: solid liquid, and gas. This is, as we know, one of the requirements for the existence of life as we know it on Earth.
"Because it is at a distance from its star which permits relatively cool temperatures, and a mass which is big enough to prevent the evaporation of an atmosphere due to the wind of its star, LHS 1140b has become one of the most promising candidates for the detection and study of its atmosphere, using the next generation of telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope, (JWST)and the European Extrmely Large Telescope (E-ELT)" concludes Felipe Murgas.


Originally Published: February 10, 2019 7:30 p.m.
MOHAVE COUNTY – Mohave County Sheriff's K-9 Foundation officials announced they are partnering with Los Lagos Golf Club in Fort Mohave to host a charitable four-person scramble fundraiser on Saturday, Feb. 23 to benefit the MCSO K-9 Program.
The proceeds generated by this annual golf tournament, other fundraising events throughout the year, and all other donations will be used for the purchase of future K-9s, cost of training schools for the dogs and handlers, veterinary care, feed for the K-9, and all other associated costs in regards to the care and upkeep of the K-9s.
Los Lagos is deemed a championship course that was designed by Ted Robinson Sr. and is carved into the picturesque low-desert foothills in the Colorado River Valley. It offers rolling terrain, water hazards, wide fairways, huge friendly greens and will challenge the skills of both amateurs and professionals alike.
Entry fee for the event is $90 per person or $50 per Los Lagos member, and includes lunch. There will also be games, raffles, a 50-50 drawing, a hole-in-one contest, K-9 support team shirt sales, a chance to win a car, and a K-9 demonstration after the tournament.
According to tournament officials, they will use the Calloway System to determine the handicap of each individual team. If the players on a team do not have an established handicap, the team will be assigned an 18 handicap.
Players can register by calling Fred Young at 928-514-5063 or the golf course at 928-768-7778. Individuals can also sign up as a four-man team or players can sign up individually and foundation officials will find others to make up the team. People can also sign up the morning of the event, but they must ensure they arrive early because the tournament is slated for an 11:30 a.m. shotgun start.
People don't need to be a golfer to support the Mohave County Sheriff's K-9 Foundation and the MCSO K-9 Program during this most worthwhile event. Individuals and businesses can purchase a $50 hole sponsorship that includes an 18-inch-by24-inch sign with company or name, a $150 green sponsor comes with a 24-inch-by-48-inch banner with company or name, have lunch for $20, purchase a foundation T-shirt, participate in one of the raffles and enjoy the K-9 demonstration after the golf tournament.
The MCSO K-9 Program receives no funding from the state or county and operates solely on donations from businesses and concerned citizens.
The Mohave County Sheriff's K-9 Foundation is a 501 (c) (3) non-profit organization and all donations are a tax-deductible contribution.
For more information about Mohave County Sheriff's K-9 Foundation, hosting a fundraiser event, or making a tax-deductible donation to the MCSO K-9 Program, call foundation board members John Sanchelli at 651-270-0920, Fred Young at 928-514-5063, or visit its website at https://mcsk9f.com.


text:
>> Region > Sub-Saharan Africa >> Country > Nigeria
Nigeria: Staff Report for the 2011 Article IV Consultation
Nigeria: 2010 - Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Debt Sustainability Analysis; Informational Annex; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Nigeria
Nigeria : Selected Issues
This paper presents a simple structural model of inflation adapted for Nigeria based on the methodology of Berg, Karam, and Laxton. This approach allows different policy options to be considered more...
IMF Country Reports on Selected Emerging Economies 2006/07
This exclusive CD from the IMF reports on performance and perspectives for thirty-one selected countries visited in 2006/07 under Article IV of the IMF's Articles of Agreement. Each report includes more...
Nigeria : Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: Progress Report
Release Date: August, 2007
This paper discusses the progress report on the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) for Nigeria. The NEEDS 2004–07 is Nigeria's reform based medium-term plan more...
Nigeria : Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: Progress Report: Joint Staff Advisory Note
This paper discusses key findings of the annual progress report on implementing the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS)—Nigeria's Poverty Reduction Strategy more...
Nigeria : First Review Under the Policy Support Instrument
Release Date: May, 2006
This First Review Under the Policy Support Instrument (PSI) for Nigeria reports that structural reforms are proceeding in line with the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy. The more...
Nigeria: Request for a Two-Year Policy Support Instrument : Nigeria: Request for a Two-Year Policy Support Instrument
Release Date: December, 2005
This paper presents Nigeria's Request for a Two-Year Policy Support Instrument to support its reform efforts. All three tiers of government have adhered to a conservative oil price-based fiscal more...
Nigeria : Staff Report for the 2004 Article IV Consultation
This 2004 Article IV Consultation highlights that real GDP growth in Nigeria accelerated in 2003 on account of sharply higher oil and gas production and continued robust growth in the non-oil more...
Nigeria : Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
This Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix paper presents an assessment of Nigeria's past economic reform efforts—in particular the program supported by the 2000–01 Stand-By more...
Release Date: March, 2003
This Selected Issues paper and Statistical Appendix analyzes the key challenges facing Nigeria. The paper discusses issues and prospects in the oil and gas sector, provides basic information on the more...
Nigeria's 2002 Article IV Consultation highlights that major macroeconomic imbalances had emerged as a result of sharp increases in government spending and expressed concern at the risks of a more...
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A companion for The Stick, the Trigger Wheel features a single rotating nylon wheel especially effective in areas too small or difficult to target with The Stick. It is especially effective at myotendon and bony junctions. Use the Trigger Wheel to replace the thumb around small, difficult areas like the jaw, neck and skull area, trapezius, parascapular, pectorals, elbow, wrist, knee, ankle. A "must have" for those suffering from RSI or overworked muscles from computer use!


text:
Apple's New iPhones Will Take An Amazing Journey From China To Stores Around The World
by Brent Dirks
With Apple's announcement of two new iPhones yesterday – the iPhone 5s and iPhone 5c – Bloomberg has a timely look at how the handsets are transported to stores around the world. The operation begins in China, where pallets of handsets are moved from the factory floor in unmarked containers with a security detail:
The containers are then loaded onto trucks and shipped via pre-bought airfreight space, including on old Russian military transports. The journey ends in stores where the world's biggest technology company makes constant adjustments based on demand, said people who have worked on Apple's logistics and asked not to be identified because the process is secret.
Before becoming CEO in 2011, Tim Cook was in charge of Apple's massive supply chain that is critical to the company's bottom line. Even before the media event, the new iPhones were on the move and being shipped to distribution sites around the world, including locations in Australia, China, the Czech Republic, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States. And, unsurprisingly, security is tight:
Security personnel are with the devices every step of the way, from truck depots, airports, customs and storage warehouses until the product is finally unveiled, two people said.
Phones arrive in the U.S. from China mainly using FedEx's Boeing 777s. Each plane can hold around 450,000 handsets. And after the launch, Apple switches into learning mode as the logistics team studies what went wrong and what can be changed for the next massive product rollout. So, while the new iPhones are wonderful pieces of technology, the process to transport them to buyers is almost as amazing.
NextWorth Is Offering A Special Trade In Deal To iPhone 4s Owners
Wall Street Is Unimpressed With Apple's 'Nobody's Low-Margin' iPhone 5c