text:
Q: Issue in understanding the working of Method Referencing I am trying to understand the working of Method Reference:
Note: I did go through the link :: (double colon) operator in Java 8 and fw other related articles.
I am trying to call addMoney() method using method referencing. Add money is an instance method and it does not take any argument but returns a Money object. For this scenario we can use Supplier which has
<R> get()

It takes in no arguments and returns  type.
    Money money = new Money(2);
    Supplier<Money> supplier = money::addMoney;

And this works as expected.
But when I give in the similar way it also works, not sure why and how:
    Function<Money, Money> addingMoney = Money::addMoney;
    Consumer<Money> returnMoney = Money::addMoney;

This does not make sense at all for me as addMoney method is instance method and we are accessing it using Class Name and moreover for method referencing to work the arguments must match even that is not happening here.  Could you someone please guide.
For the below class I am able to write a
class Money{
    private int moneyValue =0;

    public Money(int i) {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

    public Money addMoney(){
        this.moneyValue+=10;
        System.out.println("We are adding money");
        return this;
    }

    public Money spendMoney(){
        System.out.println("We are deducting money");
        this.moneyValue-=10;
        return this;
    }

    public int getMoneyValue() {
        return this.moneyValue;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return this.moneyValue+"";
    }

}

A: When the method reference is called from the class but it is an instance method : it needs an instance to work.
That's why Function<Money, Money> addingMoney = Money::addMoney; works

*

*like the Supplier, it returns a Money instance (2nd generic type)

*as it is an instance method, it needs a Money instance as input (1st generic type)

That's why Consumer<Money> returnMoney = Money::addMoney; works

*

*it is like half of the Function, it takes the instance as input

*but you tell that you don't care of the result

Then lambda equivalent may help you
// no input but care about output
Supplier<Money> supplier = money::addMoney;
Supplier<Money> supplier = () -> money.addMoney();

// care about output and needs input
Function<Money, Money> addingMoney = Money::addMoney;
Function<Money, Money> addingMoney = money1 -> money1.addMoney();

// don't care about output but needs input
Consumer<Money> returnMoney = Money::addMoney;
Consumer<Money> returnMoney = money1 -> money1.addMoney();


The new and improved Galaxy Tab S was introduced as an entire redesign to the Tab series. A new design, more powerful processors and a major overhaul in display technology make the Galaxy Tab S one of the most powerful and versatile android tablets available today.
If you've cracked the Tab's 10.5inch display and need it replaced as soon as possible, the team at Perth Phone Fix are here to help. We have the skill and all the parts to have your Galaxy Tab S back on its feet in no time.
Get your Galaxy Tab S back to being productive and contact Perth Phone Fix today.


Wickipedia defines a "straw man" as a common type of argument and is an informal fallacy based on the misrepresentation of an opponent's argument. To be successful, a straw man argument requires that the audience be ignorant or uninformed of the original argument.
The on-line dictionary goes on to state that attacking a straw man implies an adversarial or combative debate, and creates the illusion of having completely refuted or defeated an opponent's proposition by covertly replacing it with a different proposition. Politicians hide behind straw man arguments every day.
Because it is so widely used in political discourse and has largely replace honest debate I should not be surprised to find that the use of straw man arguments has found its way into other areas. I recently attended a discussion involving a group of executives and owner managers who run small businesses. These were not mom and pop operations but small businesses with employees and a steady base of customers. In the course of discussing the subject that brought these individuals together, I found one these individuals use just such a device.
It became evident to me that this individual resorted to this tactic because he was unsure how to explain his point of view My first reaction on hearing this individual default to this tactic was that he was letting his ego get in the way due to his inability to define the scope of the problem or put forth objective criteria. As the facilitator of the discussion, and to avoid having the group detour even further into the weeds, I suggested a halt at this point to take a break and relax for a few minutes.
Once the group got back together again, I opened the discussion on the subject of leadership and change asking the group to set aside any conclusions they may have and discuss the ethical question in front of them from the perspective of their leadership and how they deal with change. I went further and suggested that they debate different aspects of the question for the purpose of examining the merit that might exist in each person's argument.
As successful business people they have a strong sense of who they are and what they want for the continued success of their companies. The discussion ended well that day with this group of executives have a better understanding of themselves and I learned something about myself that day as well that will help me be a better facilitator.
I find it very interesting contrast between these small businesses when compared to how larger companies operate. In larger companies run by professional managers accountability is, more often than not, given lip service, and when things go wrong, these same managers try to handle/manage the crisis, and if there is public outrage fanned erroneous reporting or deliberate media distortion these managers try to placate the outrage by firing a few people. This is almost always followed now by a Kibuki theatrical performance and lawyerly written apologies, and, when all else fails, money is offered.
I contrast what goes on in the larger business world with smaller companies like the ones represented by the group I work with, and it gives me a greater appreciation for the courage and willingness of these individuals to take on the risks necessary for their businesses to succeed.
Do you have questions about how to grow your business? Contact: www.servicesca.org.


I was at a new spa recently whose kitchen garden was a thing of beauty, with rhubarb and fennel encased in a topiary of rosemary and bay. On various dishes in the spa café were little blackboards with 'From the Garden' written in chalk.
A spa garden is a beautiful thing, but the latest trend is to literally bring the garden produce into the spa. At the aptly named Secret Garden Spa at Congham Hall in Norfolk you can have a facial or massage using some of the 400 varieties of herb plucked from their quintessentially English herb garden, which has decorated many a garden calendar.
Any spa café worth its (sustainable) Himalayan salt will already have a fork to fork garden to plate menu.
Bamford, one of the first, is part of the Daylesford Organic Farm cookery school and shops, created by the original Green Goddess herself, Lady Caroline Bamford. It's part of the wellness ethos – sustainable organic ingredients on the plate, in your skin and hair is a thorough holistic approach. You can book in a B Balanced: Cooking and HaybarnSpa Day here for a mere £210 for yoga, cookery school and a massage.
Things have come a long way since my Uncle Ernie's wonky potatoes and carrots saw him and Aunty Doris through various winters of discontent. So, how did the humble allotment move from a thing of ridicule to the pinnacle of good taste?
For a start, it is now called a kitchen garden. Rather than a patch of dirt near a train track, it is usually found within a romantic walled garden with greenhouses in a stately home. Produce won't be limited to runner beans, but include lemongrass and trendy celeriac. The greenhouse or garden will also dictate the menu since it cannot be freeze dried and shipped from Spain.
At Herb House, you can eat and drink the gardens in their ultimate clean eaterie Raw & Cured, after a spot of yoga on the rooftop herb garden – as you do. It's a shame they too don't use their own herbs in the treatments, but they do use organic brands Bamford and Voya, who have the same ethos.
The freshness of garden ingredients, as any self-respecting vegetable or herb gardener will already know, is particularly powerful. It's hard to go back once you have sampled the menu at somewhere like Chewton Glen or Rudding Park, especially if you had a tour of the garden beforehand and inhaled the aromas you are about to eat (and slightly nicer and less traumatic than picking your live lobster before it is plunged into boiling water…).
At Mallory Court, you can enjoy a Mindful Garden Walk which takes you around their stunning kitchen gardens before enjoying a garden risotto in the café, with flowers plucked from the rose garden.
There is a sense of living in the past, of course, and an element of romantic escapism – well, this is a spa, not a kitchen sink drama (that trend has yet to take off). But it is also about thinking of the future: in this unstable world, connecting with our surroundings, limiting our carbon footprint is more than a fad, it's an urgent necessity.
Rudding Park Spa putting Harrogate back on the map.


Donald Trump was elected 45th President of the United States on November 6th 2016. This November 6th, Phillip Greenlief and musicians will perform THE STATES UNITED, a map score originally composed for any ensemble or group of performers from diverse disciplines. The composition, like many of Greenlief's MAP SCORES are open works intended to inspire artists to create works based on images and an assortment of compositional elements. In this case, the map sources are the states of the union, and the cues are text based – words intended to inspire musicians to improvise.
The words presented in THE STATES UNITED have a connection to our history, our current state of affairs and our future – while some are clearly politically charged, others are ambiguous, some are meant to provoke, some are open ended and can be interpreted in a variety of ways.
We hope you will join us for the premiere of this timely work.


text:
\section{Introduction}

The production of a Higgs boson in association with a top quark pair ($t\bar tH$) at the LHC has been recently observed by the ATLAS~\cite{Aaboud:2018urx} and CMS~\cite{Sirunyan:2018hoz} collaborations, providing direct proof of the top quark-Higgs interaction. In models beyond the Standard Model (BSM), the top quark Yukawa coupling governing this interaction may have a CP-odd component~\cite{Fontes:2017zfn} and the corresponding Lagrangian can be parametrised as
\begin{equation}
 \mathcal{L}=\kappa y_t \bar t (\cos\alpha+i\gamma_5\sin\alpha)th.
\end{equation}
The Standard Model (SM) is recovered for $\alpha=0$ and $\kappa=1$ and a pure CP-odd scenario corresponds to $\alpha=\pm\pi/2$.

Measurements of the electron dipole moment give strong constraints on the CP-odd component of the top quark-Higgs interaction if one assumes a SM Yukawa coupling for the electron. However, if the electron Yukawa coupling also acquires a CP-odd component, this incompatibility can be mitigated~\cite{Fontes:2017zfn}. In future $e^+e^-$ colliders, a CP-violating top quark Yukawa coupling would lead to large tree level effects in $t\bar tH$ production, which may be measured with precision~\cite{BarShalom:1995jb}. An indirect constraint on the CP-odd component of the top quark Yukawa coupling can be obtained from the Higgs boson production at the LHC via gluon fusion. This process is loop-induced and, in the SM, dominated by the top quark loop. However, the translation between the production rate and the coupling requires assumptions about every other contribution to the loop, including those from heavy BSM particles. Assuming only SM contributions besides the top quark loop, the LHC Run I data still allows values of $\kappa\sin\alpha$ above 0.5~\cite{rohini2}.

Unlike Higgs production via gluon fusion, $t\bar tH$ production at the LHC depends directly on the top quark-Higgs interaction, which allows measuring the top quark Yukawa coupling without the need for the previously mentioned assumptions. For fixed $\kappa$, increasing the CP-odd component decreases the inclusive $t\bar t H$ production cross-section~\cite{rohini2}, but this is not sufficient to obtain $\kappa$ and $\alpha$ simultaneously. Several observables in $t\bar t H$ are sensitive to the CP nature of the top quark Yukawa coupling and could in principle be used to extract both parameters. One important feature in the kinematics of $t\bar t H$ with a CP-odd coupling is the higher fraction of boosted ($p_T\gtrsim200$~GeV) Higgs bosons with respect to the CP-even scenario~\cite{rohini2}. Regarding the top quark pair, a CP-odd coupling yields much larger separation in pseudorapidity and smaller separation in azimuth between the top quarks with respect to the CP-even scenario~\cite{demartin}. In the $t\bar t H$ rest frame, CP-even signal events often have one of the top quarks traveling in a direction very close to that of the Higgs boson, recoiling against the other top quark, while for CP-odd signal events the three directions are more evenly distributed~\cite{cpangvars}. Ratios of projections of top quark momenta were proposed as discriminants in \cite{gunion}, for example $b_4\equiv p^z_tp^z_{\bar t}/(|\vec{p_t}||\vec{p_{\bar t}}|)$. Spin correlation observables of the $t\bar t$ system in $t\bar tH$ also depend on the CP-odd component of the Yukawa coupling, with enhanced sensitivity in the boosted Higgs regime~\cite{Buckley:2015vsa}. Angular observables built from boosted reference frames were also shown to be sensitive to the $CP$ nature of the coupling~\cite{cpangvars}.

\section{CP-odd exclusion in the $H\rightarrow b\bar b$ channel}

Two analyses were carried out on the $H\rightarrow b\bar b$ final state of $t\bar tH$. The single-lepton analysis is presented in detail in \cite{duarte} and the dilepton analysis is presented in \cite{cpangvars}.

Events from $pp$ collisions were generated using {\sc MadGraph5\_aMC@NLO}~\cite{madgraph} at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. Signal $t\bar t H$ events and the irreducible background $t\bar t b \bar b$ were generated at NLO in QCD.
Signal samples with a non-zero $CP$-odd component were generated with the \texttt{HC\_NLO\_X0} UFO model~\cite{demartin}.
Decays were handled by {\sc MadSpin}~\cite{madspin}. The SM backgrounds $t\bar t+$jets, $t\bar t+V$ ($V=Z,W$), single top, $V+$jets, $V+b\bar b$ and $VV$ were also generated.
Parton shower and hadronisation were performed with {\sc Pythia6}~\cite{pythia} and followed by fast detector simulation with the {\sc Delphes}~\cite{delphes} package.

Single-lepton events were selected with a number of jets between 6 and 8 and a number of $b$-tagged jets between 3 and 4. Dilepton events were selected with at least 4 jets, of which at least 3 must be $b$-tagged. Leptons and jets were required to have $p_T\geq20$ GeV and \mbox{$|\eta|\leq2.5$} in both analyses. In the single-lepton selection, missing transverse energy ($E_T^{\rm miss}$) was required to be above 20 GeV. In the dilepton channel, the dilepton mass $m_{\ell\ell}$ must pass the $Z$ mass veto, i.e., \mbox{$|m_{\ell\ell}-91\textrm{ GeV}|>10\textrm{ GeV}$}.

Kinematic reconstruction of events was performed in the single-lepton channel with the {\sc KLFitter} package~\cite{Erdmann:2013rxa}. In the dilepton channel, a boosted decision tree (BDT) was used to assign jets to the $b$-quarks from $t$, $\bar t$ and $H$.
A solution for the neutrino momenta was obtained by combining information from $E_T^{\rm miss}$ with a constraint on $W$ and $t$ masses.
Figure \ref{dists} shows normalised distributions of the $b_4$ observable after cuts and kinematic reconstruction for the SM signal ($t\bar t H$), pure $CP$-odd signal ($t\bar t A$) and irreducible background $t\bar t b\bar b$ events, separately for the single-lepton (left) and dilepton (right) channels.

\begin{figure}[bh]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{figures/Expb4_Gunion_ljets.png} & \quad &
\includegraphics[width=0.52\textwidth]{figures/Expb4_Gunion.pdf}\\[-4mm]
\end{tabular}
\caption{Normalised distributions of $b_4$ for signal events in the CP-even ($t\bar t H$) and pure $CP$-odd ($t\bar t A$) scenarios and for the $t\bar t b \bar b$ background, after cuts and reconstruction. Left: single-lepton selection~\cite{duarte}; right: dilepton selection~\cite{cpangvars}.}
\label{dists}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\pagebreak

Expected confidence levels (CL), assuming the SM holds, for exclusion of the pure CP-odd coupling were computed from likelihood ratios obtained from binned distributions of various discriminant observables. Only statistical uncertainties were considered. Figures \ref{semilep}-\ref{cosaScan} show these CL as a function of integrated luminosity, up to the maximum expected at the HL-LHC (3~ab$^{-1}$). Figure \ref{semilep} (\ref{dilep}) shows the CL obtained using the single-lepton (dilepton) analysis only, comparing different observables used to extract the CL. Figure \ref{combination} shows confidence levels obtained from the combination of different observables in each channel ($b_4$ and $\sin(\theta^{t\bar tH}_{\bar t})\sin(\theta^{H}_{b_H})$ in single-lepton and $\Delta\eta(\ell^+,\ell^-)$, $\Delta\phi(t,\bar t)$ and $\sin(\theta^{t\bar tH}_{t})\sin(\theta^{H}_{W^+})$ in dilepton) and from the combination of the two channels. The observables were treated as uncorrelated. Figure \ref{cosaScan} compares the CL obtained, in the dilepton analysis alone, for the exclusion of various $\cos\alpha$ values, using $\Delta\eta(\ell^+,\ell^-)$ as the discriminant.

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,clip]{figures/semilep.pdf}
 \caption{}
 \label{semilep}
\end{subfigure}
\hfill
\begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,clip]{figures/dilep.pdf}
 \caption{}
 \label{dilep}
\end{subfigure}\\[-2mm]
\begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,clip]{figures/combination.pdf}
 \caption{}
 \label{combination}
\end{subfigure}
\hfill
\begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,clip]{figures/cosaScan.pdf}
 \caption{}
 \label{cosaScan}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{Expected CL, assuming the SM, as a function of the integrated luminosity. \ref{semilep} (\ref{dilep}): exclusion of pure CP-odd scenario using the single-lepton (dilepton) selected events, comparing different observables used to extract the CL; \ref{combination}: exclusion of pure CP-odd scenario combining observables in each individual channel and combining both channels (the observables were treated as uncorrelated); \ref{cosaScan}: exclusion of various $\cos\alpha$ values between 0 and 1 with dilepton analysis, using $\Delta\eta(\ell^+,\ell^-)$ as the discriminant observable.}
\end{figure}

The single-lepton channel is much more sensitive than the dilepton, but the combination provides sizeable improvement. The exclusion of a pure CP-odd top quark Yukawa coupling at 95\% CL may be within reach with $\sim 250$ fb$^{-1}$ of LHC data, using only resolved $t\bar t (H\rightarrow b\bar b)$ analyses with leptons. Combination with boosted topologies and other Higgs decay channels could make this achievable with the LHC Run II dataset. The results in figure \ref{cosaScan} suggest that excluding the maximal mixing scenario ($\cos\alpha=\sqrt{2}/2$) requires roughly 3.5 times more luminosity than excluding the pure CP-odd scenario.

\vspace{-7mm}

\bigskip  \bigskip \begin{center} \begin{large
I acknowlegde funding from Funda\c{c}\~{a}o para a Ci\^{e}ncia e Tecnologia, through grant PD/BD/128231/2016, and from the COST Network CA16201 PARTICLEFACE ``Unraveling new physics at the LHC through the precision frontier''.

\vspace{-6mm}

\bibliographystyle{unsrt}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


From original watercolor, "Remains at Water's Edge." Giclée printing on 300g acid-free, cotton rag based paper, with a bright white, textured water-color surface along with an extremely high color gamut and black density. Due to high quality of process and materials, these cards are also suitable for framing.
Price is for individual card and envelope.
From original watercolor, "Padanaram Salt Marsh." Giclée printed card on 300g acid-free, cotton rag based paper, with a bright white, textured water-color surface along with an extremely high color gamut and black density. Due to this high quality, these cards are also suitable for framing.
From original watercolor "Coastal Boulders." Giclée card printed on 300g acid-free, cotton rag based paper, with a bright white, textured water-color surface along with an extremely high color gamut and black density. Due to this high quality, these cards are also suitable for framing.
From original watercolor. Giclée card printed on 300g acid-free, cotton rag based paper, with a bright white, textured water-color surface along with an extremely high color gamut and black density. Due to this high quality, these cards are also suitable for framing.
From original watercolor, "Daylight Through Empty Vessels." Giclée card is printed on 300g acid-free, cotton rag based paper, with a bright white, textured water-color surface along with an extremely high color gamut and black density. Due to this high quality, these cards are also suitable for framing.
SET of FOUR: 5" x 7" greeting cards printed with original water color design on high-quality coated stock, with matching envelopes. FREE SHIPPING.
One of each design of four designs from the Roadside series of watercolors. 5" x 7" greeting cards printed with original water color design on high-quality coated stock, with matching envelopes. Free shipping.


text:
Chatham ( ) is a town located within the Medway unitary authority in the ceremonial county of Kent, England. The town forms a conurbation with neighbouring towns Gillingham, Rochester, Strood and Rainham.

The town developed around Chatham Dockyard and several Army barracks, together with 19th-century forts which provided a defensive shield for the dockyard. The Corps of Royal Engineers is still based in Chatham at Brompton Barracks.

The Dockyard closed in 1984, but the remaining major naval buildings are an attraction for a flourishing tourist industry. Following closure, part of the site was developed as a commercial port, other parts were redeveloped for business and residential use, and part was used as the Chatham Historic Dockyard museum. Its attractions include the submarine .

The town has important road links and the railway and bus stations are the main interchanges for the area.  It is the administrative headquarters of Medway unitary authority, as well as its principal shopping centre.

History
The name Chatham was first recorded as Cetham in 880.  The Domesday Book records the place as Ceteham.

Most books explain this name as a British root ceto (like Welsh coed), plus Old English ham, meaning a forest settlement.
The river-valley site of Chatham is, however, more consistent with cet being an Old English survival of the element catu, that was common in Roman-era names and meant 'basin' or 'valley'.

The A2 road passes by Chatham along the line of the ancient Celtic route. It was paved by the Romans, and named Watling Street by the Anglo-Saxons. Among archaeological finds here have been the remains of a Roman-era cemetery.

Chatham was long a small village on the banks of the river. By the 16th century, warships were being moored at Jillingham water (Gillingham), because of its strategic sheltered location between London and the Continent. It was established as a Royal Dockyard by Queen Elizabeth I in 1568, and most of the dockyard lies within Gillingham. Initially a refitting base, it became a shipbuilding yard; from then until the late 19th century, further expansion of the yard took place. In its time, many thousands of men were employed at the dockyard, and many hundreds of vessels were launched there, including HMS Victory, which was built there in the 1760s. After World War I, many submarines were also built in Chatham Dockyard.

In addition to the dockyard, defensive fortifications were built to protect it from attack. Upnor Castle had been built in 1567, but had proved ineffectual; the Dutch raid on the Medway in 1667 showed that more defences were required. The fortifications, which became more elaborate as the threat of invasion grew, were begun in 1756 as a complex across the neck of the peninsula formed by the bend in the River Medway, and included Fort Amherst. The threat of a land-based attack from the south during the 19th century led to the construction of more forts.

The second phase of fort-building (1806–1819) included Fort Pitt (later used as a hospital and the site of the first Army Medical School). The 1859 Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom ordered, inter alia, a third outer ring of forts: these included Fort Luton, Fort Bridgewood, and Fort Borstal.

These fortifications all required military personnel to man them and Army barracks to house those men. These included Kitchener Barracks (c 1750–1780), the Royal Marine Barracks (c 1780), Brompton Artillery Barracks (1806) and Melville Barracks (opened 1820 as a Naval hospital, RM barracks from 1905). H.M.S. Collingwood and H.M.S. Pembroke were both naval barracks.

In response to the huge manpower needs, the village of Chatham and other nearby villages and towns grew commensurately. Trams, and later buses, linked those places to bring in the workforce. The area between the High Street and Luton village illustrates part of that growth, with its many streets of Victorian terraces.

The importance of Chatham Dockyard gradually declined as Britain's naval resources were reduced or moved to other locations, and eventually, on the 31st March 1984, it was closed completely. The dockyard buildings were preserved as the historic site Chatham Historic Dockyard (operated by Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust), which was under consideration as a World Heritage Site the site is being used for other purposes. Part of the St Mary's Island section is now used as a marina, and the remainder is being developed for housing, commercial and other uses, branded as "Chatham Maritime".

Governance

Chatham lost its independence as a borough under the Local Government Act 1972, by which, on 1 April 1974, it became part of the Borough of Medway, a non-metropolitan district of the county of Kent; under subsequent renaming the Borough became the Borough of Rochester-upon-Medway (1979); and, from 1982, the City of Rochester-upon-Medway. Under the most recent change, in 1998, and with the addition of the Borough of Gillingham, the Borough of Medway became a unitary authority area, administratively separate from Kent. It remains part of the county of Kent for ceremonial purposes.

Medway Council has recently relocated its main administration building to Gun Wharf, the site of the earliest part of the Dockyard, a former Lloyd's office building. It was built between 1976 and 1978 and is Grade II listed.

Chatham is currently part of the parliamentary constituency of Chatham and Aylesford. Prior to 1997, Chatham had been included in the constituencies of Mid Kent, Rochester and Chatham and Chatham.

Chatham has proven to be a marginal parliamentary seat. Since 1945, the members of parliament for Chatham have been as follows:

Geography

Chatham is situated where the lower part of the dip slope of the North Downs meets the River Medway which at this point is flowing in a south–north direction. This gives the right bank, where the town stands, considerable advantages from the point of view of river use. Compared with opposite bank, the river is fast-flowing and deep; the illustration (1), an early print of the settlement, is taken from the point where Fort Pitt now stands. The town lies below at river level, curving round to occupy a south-easterly trending valley (The Brook"), in which lies the High Street. Beyond the Chatham Dockyard was marshy land, now called St Mary's Island, and has several new developments of housing estates. The New Road crosses the scene below the vantage point of the illustration.

Illustration (2) is taken from the opposite side of the valley: the Pentagon Shopping Centre is to the right, with the building on the ridge left of centre, Fort Pitt and Rochester lies beyond that ridge; and Frindsbury is on the rising ground in the right distance.

The valley continues southeastwards as the Luton Valley, in which is the erstwhile village of that name; and Capstone Valley. The Darland Banks, the northern slopes of the Luton Valley above these valleys, are unimproved chalk grassland. The photograph (3), taken from the Banks and looking south, shows the village in the centre, with the rows of Victorian terraced housing, which unusually follow the contour lines. The opposite slopes are the ''Daisy Banks'' and ''Coney Banks'', along which some of the defensive forts were built (including Fort Luton, in the trees to the left)

Until the start of the 20th century, most of the south part of the borough was entirely rural, with a number of farms and large tracts of woodland. The beginning of what is now Walderslade was when a speculative builder began to build the core of the village in Walderslade Bottoms.

Demography
Chatham became a market town in its own right in the 19th century, and a municipal borough in 1890. By 1831 its population had reached more than 16,000. By 1961 it had reached 48,800.

Economy
The closure of the Royal Navy Dockyard on the 31st March 1984 had the effect of changing the employment statistics of the town. About 7,000 people lost their jobs. The unemployment rate went up to 23.5%. From early April 1984 to December 1985, and onwards, the Medway Towns began to have an increase in alcohol and drug related, anti-social behaviour, which many residents then realized had largely been caused by the closure of the Royal Navy Dockyard in 1984, and the resulting mass redundancies which occurred. There has been a concerted effort to revitalise the Thames Gateway area and one of the largest employers in Chatham is now Vanquis Bank Ltd, a subsidiary of Vanquis Banking Group.

Landmarks
The Chatham Naval Memorial commemorates the 18,500 officers, ranks and ratings of the Royal Navy who were lost or buried at sea in World War One and World War Two. The Chatham Naval Memorial was originally constructed from March 1924 to October 1924. The addition of the obelisk and Portland Stone plaque walls and surroundings were constructed between June 1952 to October 1952. It stands on the Great Lines, the escarpment ridge between Chatham and Gillingham. The Grade II listed building Chatham Town Hall was built in January 1900; it stands in The Brook, and is of a unique architectural design. With Chatham being part of the Medway Towns, it took on a new role as the Medway Arts Centre in April 1987, with the promotional motto "Putting The Arts Back Into The Medway". There were many events held within the Medway Arts Centre, including many stage plays, themed nights and snooker tournaments. Likewise during May 1990, the Medway Arts Centre organized a large parade, composed of dancers, musicians, artists and sculptors, who stood upon theatrical lorry floats. The vehicles were initially parked up next to the entrance into the Theatre Royal Cafe, that was a popular restaurant in the Chatham Town Hall, on Whiffens Avenue, and then started to travel into Chatham, Rochester, Strood and Frindsbury, where sweets, chocolate, posters, badges, leaflets, stickers and t-shirts were handed out to the crowds, to promote the Medway Arts Centre. Then in April 1997, the Medway Arts Centre became the Brook Theatre. The Pentagon Shopping Centre stands in the town centre and serviced the old Pentagon Bus Station that was closed in September 2011. Chatham Waterfront bus station opened in October 2011, replacing the town's previous Pentagon Bus Station which was opened in 1970, before the Pentagon Shopping Centre was opened in 1975, and was considered an unwelcoming environment for passengers. This was because of the diesel fumes from the buses, coaches and minibuses, and because the waiting areas would sometimes become very crowded, whenever large groups of customers from the Pentagon Shopping Centre used the stairs and escalators, to get on board the green buses, coaches and minibuses that were managed by Maidstone & District Motor Services.

Transport

The Medway, apart from Chatham Dockyard, has always had an important role in communication: historically it provided a means for the transport of goods to and from the interior of Kent. Stone, timber and iron from the Weald for shipbuilding and agricultural produce were among the cargoes. Sun Pier in Chatham was one of many such along the river. By 1740, barges of forty tons could navigate as far upstream as Tonbridge. Today its use is confined to tourist traffic; apart from the marina, there are many yacht moorings on the river itself.

The position of the road network in Chatham began with the building of the Roman road (Watling Street, which passed through the town. Turnpike trusts were established locally, so that the length from Chatham to Canterbury was turnpiked in 1730; and the Chatham to Maidstone road (now the A230) was also turnpiked before 1750. The High Street was bypassed in 1769, by the New Road (see illustration (1)) leading from the top of Star Hill Rochester, to the bottom of Chatham Hill at Luton Arches. This also became inadequate for the London cross-channel traffic and the Medway Towns Bypass, the M2 motorway, was constructed to divert through traffic south of the Medway Towns.

Chatham is the hub of the Medway Towns. This fact means that the existing road system has always proved inadequate for the amount of traffic it has to handle, and various schemes have been tried by Rochester-Upon-Medway City Council, to alleviate the congestion. The High Street itself is traffic free, so all traffic on Best Street and Railway Street has to skirt around it. The basic west–east routes are The Brook to the north and New Road to the south, but the additional problems caused by the situation of the Pentagon Bus Station meant that conflicting traffic flows were the result, from 1975 and onward. From April 1986 and onward until October 1987, the town centre remodelling of Chatham began, and Railway Street was realigned into becoming part of an inner ring road, that became a one-way system. This redevelopment included the demolition of the House of Holland department store in January 1987, and the construction of the Sir John Hawkins Flyover in Chatham, that was opened in February 1989, so the traffic could be carried from south to north over the High Street.

In September 2006, the one-way system was abandoned and two-way traffic reintroduced on most of the ring-road system. Further work on the road system commenced early in 2009, and as of early 2010, the demolition of the Sir John Hawkins Flyover has been completed. It was replaced by a street-level, buses only, road coupled with repositioning of the bus station. The new Waterfront bus station opened in October 2011.

Chatham railway station, opened in 1858, serves both the North Kent and the Chatham Main Lines, and is the interchange between the two lines. It lies in the valley between the Fort Pitt and the Chatham Tunnels. There are three trains an hour to London Victoria, two trains an hour to London Charing Cross, two trains an hour to Luton (via London Bridge, St Pancras and Luton Airport Parkway) and two services an hour to St Pancras via High Speed 1. The former services run to Dover and Ramsgate; the Charing Cross services terminate at Gillingham and the High Speed services terminate at Faversham.

Part of the industrial railway in what is now Chatham Historic Dockyard is still in operation, run by the North Kent Industrial Locomotive Society.

Buses are operated by Arriva Southern Counties and Nu-Venture to various destinations. They serve other towns in Medway including Gillingham, Grain, Strood and Rochester and also to other towns in Kent including Maidstone, Gravesend, Blue Bell Hill and Sittingbourne. There is also an express bus via Strood and Rochester and A2 to Bluewater in Greenhithe.

Religion
In the 19th century the ecclesiastical parish of Chatham included Luton and Brompton and also Chatham Intra (land on the river that was administered by the City of Rochester).
Chatham's parish church, St Marys, which stood on Dock Road, was rebuilt in 1788. St John's was a Waterloo church built in 1821 by Robert Smirke, and restructured in 1869 by Gordon Macdonald Hills; it ceased being an active church in 1964, and is currently used as an art project. St Paul's New Road was built in 1854; declared redundant in 1974, it has been demolished. St Peter's Troy Town was built in 1860. Christchurch Luton was built in 1843, replaced in 1884. The Royal Dockyard church (1806) was declared redundant in 1981.

St Michael's is a Roman Catholic church, that was built in 1863. There is a Unitarian Chapel built in 1861.

Chatham is reputed to be the home of the first Baptist chapel in north Kent, the Zion Baptist Chapel in Clover Street. The first known pastor was Edward Morecock who settled there in the 1660s. During Cromwell's time Morecock had been a sea-captain and had been injured in battle. His knowledge of the River Medway is reputed to have preserved him from persecution in the reign of King Charles II.
There was a second Baptist chapel founded about 1700. The Ebenezer Chapel dates back to 1662.

Chatham Memorial Synagogue was built by Simon Magnus in 1867 on the Chatham end of Rochester High Street in Rochester.

Education
For a full list of schools serving Chatham visit List of schools in Medway

Sports
The town's Association Football club, Chatham Town F.C., plays in the Southern Counties East Football League, as do Lordswood F.C. The defunct Chatham Excelsior F.C. were one of the early pioneers of football in Southern England.
Football league side Gillingham F.C. are seen to represent Medway as a whole.
Holcombe Hockey Club is one of the largest in the country, and are based in Chatham. The men's 1st XI are part of the England Hockey League.

Kite Flying is possible, especially power kiting on the Great Lines Heritage Park (between Gillingham and Chatham) and at Capstone Farm Country Park.

Skiing is also possible near Capstone Farm Country Park at Capstone Ski Slope and Snowboard Centre.

Popular culture

On a cultural level, Chatham gave birth to several movements in literature, art and music. In the period from 1977 until 1982 the Medway Delta Sound emerged. The term was coined as a joke by Chatham born writer painter and musician Billy Childish after Russ Wilkins' Medway based record label, Empire Records, used the phrase "From The Medway Delta". Several Medway Delta bands gained international recognition, including The Milkshakes, The Prisoners (see also James Taylor Quartet) and The Dentists.

Out of the Kent Institute of Art & Design (KIAD), now the University for the Creative Arts (UCA) came the band known as Wang Chung. The vocalist and guitarist with Wang Chung, Jeremy Ryder, who is better known as Jack Hues attended KIAD. Alongside such individuals was Alan Denman, who became a well established lecturer at KIAD, and who founded The Flying Circuits in 1984, which became an urban theatre movement in the Medway Towns. Many students from KIAD played various acting roles within The Flying Circuits, in Chatham, Gillingham and London. The scenes that were performed by The Flying Circuits, were entirely based upon excerpts from the screenplay by Alan Denman, called the Electronic Town, that he wrote between January 1984 to October 1984, and which concerned a futuristic science fiction dystopia. Alan Denman also helped to form The Medway Poets with Billy Childish, Robert Earl, Bill Lewis, Sexton Ming and Charles Thomson. The Medway Poets used to meet regularly at the York Tavern & Railway Inn, in Ordnance Street, within Chatham, from 1974 to 1985, near to the Kent Institute of Art & Design (KIAD) at Fort Pitt in Rochester, and Chatham railway station. Chatham has always had a strong musical and creative arts heritage that has remained centred on local groups, many of whom were also part of the KIAD. Charles Thomson and Billy Childish went on to create the artistic movement known as Stuckism in 1999.

There was a resurgence in the live music scene in early 2001, with an initial focus on the Tap 'n' Tin venue in Chatham. The essence of the original greatness of the Medway Delta Sound was revived by music and poetry evenings promoted by David Wise's Urban Fox Press, which also published several books by Medway poets and artists. In 2008. the independent arts organisation Medway Eyes was founded, specialising in music and photography. It had promoted several arts exhibitions and gigs at The Barge, that was located at 63 Layfield Road, in Gillingham (now closed) and The Nags Head at 292 High Street, in Rochester, but then in 2013 it disbanded.

The Medway Poets were formed in 1975 and disbanded in 1982 having performed at the Kent Literature Festival and many others in South East England and on TV and Radio. They became a major influence to writers in the Medway Towns. From the core of this group the anti conceptual/pro painting movement of Remodernism came into being.

Recent Medway artists of note include Kid Harpoon, Crybaby Special and The Monsters, Red Light, Underground Heroes, Tyrannosaurus Alan, Pete Molinari, Lupen Crook, Brigadier Ambrose, Stuart Turner and Theatre Royal.

The term 'Chav', research suggests, does not derive from Chatham's name ("Chatham Average"), but is derived from the Romany word for 'youngster'. Before the Chatham Dockyard was closed down on the 31st March 1984, the cultural idea of the Chav did not actually exist in the Medway Towns.

Local media

Newspapers
Local newspapers for Chatham include Medway News and Medway Standard, both published by Kent Regional News and Media; and the Medway Messenger, published by the KM Group. The town also has free newspapers in the Medway Extra (KM Group) and yourmedway (KOS Media).

Radio
The local commercial radio station for Chatham is KMFM Medway, owned by the KM Group. Medway is also served by community radio station Radio Sunlightbased in Richmond road between the high street and the River Medway. The area can also receive the county wide stations BBC Radio Kent, Heart and Gold, as well as many radio stations in Essex and Greater London.

Notable people

Charles Dickens lived in the town as a boy, both in 'The Brook, Chatham' and in Ordnance Terrace before Chatham railway station was built just opposite. He subsequently described it as the happiest period of his childhood, and eventually returned to the area in adulthood when he bought a house in nearby Gad's Hill. Medway features in his novels. He then moved to Rochester, a nearby town, also part of the Medway Towns.

Others who were born or who lived or live in Chatham:
Sir Jacob Ackworth (1668-1748) shipbuilder
Asquith Xavier, ended a colour bar at British Railways in London by fighting to become the first non-white train guard at Euston railway station.
Percy Whitlock, organist and post-romantic composer
Kid Harpoon, singer, songwriter, musician and record producer. Born and lived in Chatham. Working with award-winning artists including Jessie Ware, Shawn Mendes, Harry Styles, Florence and The Machine, Haim and Year & Years.
Richard Dadd, Victorian-era painter and patricide
William Coles Finch, author and historian, lived at Luton, Chatham.
Elizabeth Benger, biographer, novelist and poet, was brought up here between 1782 and 1797.
Billy Childish, artist, poet, and musician
Tracey Emin, artist and member of the Young British Artists
Zandra Rhodes, CBE, RDI, designer
Bill Lewis, poet, painter, storyteller and mythographer
William Ridsdel, Salvation Army Commissioner, lived in the town from 1877 to 1878.
William Cuffay, Chartist leader and tailor, born in Chatham in 1788
 Gemma Lavender, astronomer, journalist and author, born in Chatham in 1986
Thomas Hodgskin, an early socialist, was born and raised in Chatham. His work would go on to influence Karl Marx.

Entertainers
Tommy Knight, actor
Stel Pavlou, author and screenwriter, attended the Chatham Grammar School for Boys
Lee Ryan, boy-band singer, also attended the Chatham Grammar School for Boys
Ben Mills, singer and X-Factor contestant
Anne Dudley, composer, pop musician and member of The Art of Noise
Kevin Eldon, stand-up comedian
Glenn Shorrock, entertainer, birthplace (Little River Band founder, lead singer)

Sportsmen
Dave Whitcombe, twice BDO World Darts Championship Finalist.
Kevin Hunt, former captain of the Bohemians, a League of Ireland club
Ashley Jackson, England international hockey player
Keith Donohue, Devon cricketer
Chris Smalling, England international footballer, attended Chatham Grammar School for Boys.
Andrew Crofts, professional footballer, currently playing for Newport County.
Neil Shipperley, professional footballer, formerly of Crystal Palace FC and Wimbledon FC.
George Boyd, professional footballer, currently playing for Peterborough United and was born in Chatham
Lee Minshull, professional footballer, AFC Wimbledon and was born in Chatham.
Johnny Armour, professional boxer, British Commonwealth, European and World Boxing Union bantamweight champion was born and resides in Chatham.
George Thorne, professional footballer, was born in Chatham.
Ryan Richards, professional basketball player, drafted by the San Antonio Spurs in the 2010 NBA draft

Twin towns
 Valenciennes, France

See also
Rainham
Chatham, Massachusetts, a city often twinned with Chatham

References

Bibliography
Hughes, David (2004), Chatham Naval Dockyard and Barracks, The History Press

External links

Archive Images
The Chatham News Index (1899–1965)

Towns in Kent
Ports and harbours of Kent
Unparished areas in Kent
Medway

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


From the New Zealand Garden Journal (Journal of the Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture), Volume 5, Number 1, June 2002, pp. 10-11.
Among those keen on growing native plants, particularly for regeneration and similar projects, the term "ecosource" has become quite a "buzz word". But what does it mean? Quite simply, it refers to plants that have been sourced and propagated from those that grow naturally in the local area, so that they can be used for replanting somewhere in that area. If, for some reason or another, there are few or no suitable species actually growing in that area then the usual practice is to obtain propagation material from the nearest available source.
What are the reasons for ecosourcing plants?
Firstly, it is generally supposed that because certain plants occur naturally in a particular area or region, that they must be the forms best suited for that area or region because they have evolved there. Therefore, it stands to reason, so the supposition goes, that plants propagated from local sources must automatically be the best ones to plant in that area or region.
Secondly, there is the "dreaded" problem of what is known as "genetic pollution". By bringing in plants from outside the local area they are going to cross with the local forms, thereby upsetting the whole gene structure of the local populations. Actually, "genetic pollution" has also become another "buzz word'' phrase.
Let us look at the common supposition that, because plants have had hundreds or maybe even thousands of years to adapt to the local climate and conditions that they must be the best ones for that particular area. In some instances that may be true, but in others it is not necessarily so. Have you ever noticed how, in some districts, particular species of native plants never look completely happy. They may have sparse growth and lack vigour, or may be prone to the attacks of a particular pest. Presumably they have had hundreds of years to adapt to local conditions and yet their growth is not what might be expected of a plant that is supposed to be so well adapted to local conditions. Plants brought-in from outside may sometimes outperform plants of local origin. For example, during last summer's (2000-2001) disastrous drought many trees of Pittosporum eugenioides all around the Nelson area were showing signs of stress. In my own garden P. eugenioides that I had brought up from Southland, apart from a few fallen leaves, which is quite normal in dry conditions, showed no signs of stress whatsoever. I hasten to add, that one specimen in particular is in the driest part of the garden where it has a great deal of root competition and yet it appeared to be quite happy. Even local plants do not always fare well in times of climatic diversity. In any case, my own observations have been that local plants of Pittosporum eugenioides do not appear to show any noticeable superiority over those from other sources.
"Genetic pollution" is another buzz term that has gained quite a lot of currency. It is a term that strikes fear into the hearts of some. Firstly, there is a widely held assumption that different clones of a species must be genetically distinct. For example, those who hold this to be true, automatically assume that Pittosporum eugenioides from Marlborough, for example, must be genetically distinct from the same species obtained from other localities. It is very easy to make such assumptions, but the truth of the matter may be very different.
Is Marlborough-sourced Pittosporum eugenioides genetically distinct from Nelson-sourced P. eugenioides, or are they just adaptations to their local areas? The only way to be certain would be to carry out DNA tests on the 7 various clones to find out if it was so and I am not certain that any such work has actually been done. Just because one clone has a different appearance from another, it is all too easy to assume that the two must be genetically distinct. Genetically, there may be no noticeable difference. It may well be that they are nothing more than just climatic or habitat variations. The case has yet to be proven.
In any case, have those who vigorously defend the theory of genetic purity never heard of hybrid vigour? It may well be that the out-crossing of a species of local origin with a clone from another locality may not be the bad thing that we are told that it could be. Such a cross may well produce a plant that is more vigorous and better adapted to the local conditions. Therefore, introducing different clones, even if they are genetically different, may not necessarily be a bad thing.
This so-called genetic pollution already exists on quite a wide scale over large areas of the country. Just to give an example, let us consider Riccarton Bush, in Christchurch. Riccarton Bush is an isolated pocket of the ancient swamp forest that once covered parts of the Canterbury Plains, particularly in the vicinity of Christchurch. With the passage of time it has become completely surrounded by suburbia. Especially in the older gardens that bordered the bush there was always a strong accent on the planting of native plants. Presumably, most of those planted were obtained from local nurseries and were of unknown provenance. Certainly, many probably originated from sources outside of the Christchurch area.
These older gardens actually back onto the boundary fence of the Riccarton Bush, and after a period of 70 years or more, the native plants in those gardens have had ample opportunity to cross with the same species that grow over the bush fenceline. Pittosporum tenuifolium, P. eugenioides, Myrsine australis, Podocarpus totara, Plagianthus regius, Coprosma robusta, Cordyline australis and Sophora microphylla are just some of those growing in adjoining gardens. In my association with Riccarton Bush I cannot say that I have ever noticed any obvious ill effects from the crossing of all of these "foreign" clones with the species naturally growing in the bush. I would venture to state that probably nobody else has either. And yet when any regenerative planting is carried out in the bush, those responsible take pains to ensure that such plants are sourced from mother stock growing within the bush.
Do the birds and insects that live in the bush voluntarily confine themselves to the bush and not venture into neighbouring gardens in search of food? I feel that any honest person would have to agree that they do not. Therefore, the chances of so-called "genetic pollution" occurring must happen quite frequently.
I think that it would be true to state that so-called "genetic pollution" has been going on since time immemorial. Regardless of what gardeners and scientists may feel, plants have been doing their best to seek pollen from sources other than their own. Think of all those species that have wind pollinated flowers. They do not set up barriers to prevent their flowers from being pollinated by pollen from the adjoining valley, the other side of the mountain range, or from an off-shore island.
I must add that where a revegetation project is to be undertaken in a natural area, such as a national park, scenic reserve or similar type of situation, I feel that it is preferable that all material planted be propagated from locally sourced material. It is only when people are undertaking planting on farms, in their own gardens, maybe even in towns and cities that I feel that insistence on using eco-sourced material really has to be queried. To conclude, it is yet to be proven that local variants of most species of plants are so genetically distinct that they should be kept segregated from each other.
What of wind pollinated plants?
The proponents of eco-sourcing also apparently overlook the effects of wind pollination on genetic purity. Pollen is known to travel great distances, as evidenced by the fact that podocarp pollen is found in Chatham Islands peat deposits and yet podocarps do not grow on the Chathams. The Chatham Islands lie some 800 kilometres to the east of mainland New Zealand, which gives an indication of just how far pollen can travel. Therefore, it is ludicrous to imagine that, for example, podocarps growing along the eastern side of the country are going to be pollinated only by those growing locally, thus preserving their genetic purity, and are going to reject the vast quantities of pollen that blows across from western districts, every time there is a westerly air system. The simple fact of the matter is that for thousands of years they have been pollinated from whatever pollen happens to blow their way.
Honeybees will travel up to about five kilometres to collect nectar and to gather pollen. It is not inconceivable that, as a result of their foraging activities, they could easily transfer pollen from a supposedly different clone of a particular species to another clone of the same species in an adjoining locality. Similarly, birds have the ability to travel great distances from one food source to another. Those native birds that so many people are actively trying to attract to their properties, by planting suitable food plants, do not have any qualms about travelling to whatever food source is available. They are not going to say that because nearby areas may contain genetically different clones that they will not go and feed off them. Tuis and bellbirds, in particular, can be quite migratory, ranging far and wide to visit particular food sources when they are in season.


text:
Notice From the Securities Arbitration Law Firm of Klayman & Toskes to All HSBC Customers Who Sustained Investment Losses in Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
Sept. 22, 2010, 8:46 PM UTC / Source: GlobeNewswire
NEW YORK, Sept. 22, 2010 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The Securities Arbitration Law Firm of Klayman & Toskes ("K&T"), , announced today that it is investigating potential claims against HSBC Securities ("HSBC") (NYSE:HBC) on behalf of investors who purchased Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs). Last month, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA") fined HSBC $375,000 for recommending unsuitable sales of inverse floating rate CMOs to its customers. FINRA is a self-regulatory organization which provides regulatory oversight of all broker-dealers that do business with the public. FINRA found that HSBC failed to adequately supervise the suitability of the CMO sales and fully explain the risks associated with inverse floating rate or other CMO investments to its customers. Moreover, FINRA determined that HSBC failed to provide its brokers with sufficient guidance and training relating to the suitability and risks of CMOs. Particularly, HSBC failed to inform its brokers that inverse floaters were only suitable for sophisticated investors who had a high-risk profile. Further, HSBC did not provide its brokers with information regarding the risks associated with the specific inverse floaters that were available for sale to customers.
A CMO is a security that pools mortgages and issues tranches with various risks and features. CMOs make principal payments throughout the life of the security with the maturity date being the last date by which all of the principal must be returned. One of the more risky CMO tranches is the inverse floater, a type of tranche that pays an adjustable rate of interest that moves in the opposite direction from movements of an interest rate index, such as LIBOR. FINRA has advised firms that inverse floating rate CMOs "are only suitable for sophisticated investors with a high-risk profile."
Presently, K&T is prosecuting numerous arbitration claims on behalf of aggrieved investors to recover losses sustained in mortgage-backed securities and structured asset-backed securities. These claims have been filed with FINRA Dispute Resolution. According to Lawrence L. Klayman, senior partner at K&T, "We believe that the fraudulent sales of these complex, risky products were systemic throughout the industry. HSBC was not the first to be fined for the sale of these investments, nor do we anticipate they will be the last." In July of this year, Goldman Sachs agreed to pay a record $550 million to settle charges brought by the SEC relating to a subprime mortgage CDO. In connection with the settlement, Goldman acknowledged that the CDO's marketing materials were incomplete.
Retail and institutional investors who sustained losses in mortgage-backed securities and structured asset-backed securities, including CMOs, can contact K&T to explore their legal rights and options. The attorneys at K&T are dedicated to pursuing claims on behalf of investors who have suffered investment losses. K&T, an experienced, qualified and nationally recognized securities litigation law firm, practices exclusively in the field of securities arbitration and litigation. It continues its representation of investors throughout the world in securities arbitration and litigation matters against major Wall Street brokerage firms.
If you wish to discuss this announcement or have investment losses of $100,000 or more in mortgage-backed securities and/or structured asset-backed securities, please contact Steven D. Toskes, Esquire of Klayman & Toskes, P.A., at 888-997-9956 or visit us on the web at
CONTACT: Klayman & Toskes 888-997-9956

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl