text:
6. Advisory boards and commissions, quasi-governmental entities
1. The Public Records Law is silent on this point, but court decisions have applied the Law to the following advisory boards, commissions, and quasi-governmental entities, among others:
a. Birmingham Racing Commission: Financial records. Birmingham News Co. v. Birmingham Racing Comm'n, CV 87-501-622 MC (Cir. Ct. Jefferson Cnty., Ala., Equity Div., June 16, 1987):
[T]his court is not willing to so readily accept the proposition that The Commission is not some form of governmental body. Whether it is a state, county, or municipal agency, or some hybrid thereof, the Commission was created by the state and helps serve in a process designed to generate excess revenues for the benefit of the state . . . . As a public corporation of the state, charged with both legislative and judicial functions, The Commission falls within the purview of § 36-12-40.
Id. Some racing commission records were made confidential by statute after this decision; see Ala. Code §§ 11-65-10(10), -15, -18 (1994).
b. Health Care Authorities: Sales contracts. Care Auth. of Lauderdale Cnty., 61 So. 3d 1027 (Ala. 2010).
c. J.S.U. Reserve Public Relations Corporation: Financial records. Stone v. Consol. Publ'g Co., 404 So. 2d 678, 680 (Ala. 1981) (trial court found corporation to be alter ego for public university; see Consol. Publ'g Co. v. Stone, 6 Media L. Rep. (BNA) 2273, 2273-74 (Cir. Ct. Calhoun Cnty., Ala., Dec. 1, 1980)).
d. Water Works Board of the Town of Parrish: Books and records. Water Works Bd. of Town of Parrish v. White, 281 Ala. 357, 202 So. 2d 721 (1967).
e. Water Works & Sewer Board of the City of Talladega: Records. Water Works & Sewer Bd. of the City of Talladega v. Consol. Publ'g Inc., 892 So. 2d 859 (Ala. 2004).
f. State Universities: Books and records. Kendrick v. Advertiser Co., 213 So. 3d 573, 577 (Ala. 2016) (but holding particular request for student information was pre-empted/protected by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, 20 U.S.C. § 1232g).
2. Alabama attorney general opinions have applied the Public Records Law to the following advisory boards, commissions, and quasi-governmental entities:
a. Alabama Peace Officers' Annuity and Benefit Fund: Records, including the names and mailing addresses of its members. Op. Att'y Gen. Ala. No. 2002-186, 2002 Ala. AG LEXIS 80 (Mar. 27, 2002); see also Ala. Acts No. 2021-268 (exempting Peace Officer Training Commission database records from disclosure under Section 36-12-40 of the Open Records Act).
b. Cahaba Heights Fire District: Computer database, minutes, contracts and other records. 227 Op. Att'y Gen. Ala. 42 (June 3, 1992).
c. City Water Boards: Water board records. 197 Op. Att'y Gen. Ala. 24 (Nov. 27, 1984). Board member salaries. Op. Att'y Gen. Ala. No. 2006-076, 2006 Ala. AG LEXIS 39 (Mar. 27, 2006).
d. East Alabama Water, Sewer, and Fire Protection District: District records. Att'y Gen. Ala. No. 2007-016, 2007 Ala. AG LEXIS 143 (Dec. 4, 2006).
e. Emergency Management Communications Districts: Records. Op. Att'y Gen. Ala. No. 2001-086 (Jan. 26, 2001).
f. Health Care Authorities: Executive salaries. Op. Att'y Gen. Ala. No. 2008-004, 2007 Ala. AG LEXIS 118 (Oct. 2, 2007).
g. Randolph County Hospital Board: Board minutes. 217 Op. Att'y Gen. Ala. 26 (Nov. 16, 1989).
h. Shoals Industrial Development Authority: Names and resumes of applicants for executive director of Authority, 222 Op. Att'y Gen. Ala. 48 (Mar. 20, 1991); biographical information from consulting firm regarding applicants for executive director of Authority, 223 Op. Att'y Gen. Ala. 19 (May 17, 1991).
i. State Universities: Athletic coach contracts. Op. Att'y Gen. Ala. No. 2007-067, 2007 Ala. AG LEXIS 40 (Apr. 3, 2007).
j. Wiregrass Mental Health Board Inc.: Employee lists and salary schedules. 171 Op. Att'y Gen. Ala. 14 (Apr. 12, 1978).
k. Cleburne County Volunteer Fire Department: Business records. Op. Att'y Gen. Ala. 16 (Dec. 12, 2012).
l. State Ethics Commission: Statements of economic interest. Op. Att'y Gen. Ala. 13 (Dec. 6, 2012).
m. Alabama Credit Union Administration: Enforcement orders. Op. Att'y Gen. Ala. 42 (Apr. 22, 2015).
Alaska's public records law covers every "public agency," which is defined broadly to include boards, commissions, authorities, public corporations, and other instrumentalities of the state or a municipality. AS 40.25.220(2). A number of statutes governing public authorities contain specific reference to this. For example, the Alaska Municipal Bond Bank Authority is subject by law to the general provisions requiring public access to records contained in AS 40.25.110 to -.120, see AS 44.85.400. The Alaska Supreme Court has held that even a critical performance evaluation from an advisory board concerning an agency head is a matter of public record. Municipality of Anchorage v. Anchorage Daily News, 794 P.2d 584, 591 (Alaska 1990). It also held that the report of an ad hoc "Blue Ribbon Fiscal Panel" created by the mayor to advise him about fiscal policy was public, because the committee served a governmental function, dealt with matters of public concern, and was a public agency or instrumentality. The report was the product of a public process and was intended for public dissemination. Id., 794 P.2d at 592. A superior court held that an Exchange Carrier's Association, created by the telephone industry at the direction of the state public utilities commission, was a public entity. See, General Communications Inc., v. APUC and Alaska Exchange Carrier's Ass'n, Case No. 3AN -90-1105 Civ. (Superior Ct., 3rd Jud. Dist. at Anchorage).
(This section is blank. See the point above.)
Advisory boards and committees are subject to the FOIA if they are directly supported by public funds. Ark. Op. Att'y Gen. Nos. 99-407, 95-128, 84-091.
Section 6252(a)of the Government Code provides that any boards, commissions or agencies that are a part of a political entity listed therein, e.g., city, county, school district, municipal corporation, political subdivision, etc., are subject to the CPRA. Cal. Gov't Code § 6252(a). But see Cal. State Univ. (Fresno) v. Superior Court, 90 Cal. App. 4th 810, 828, 108 Cal. Rptr. 2d 870 (2001) (nonprofit auxiliary corporation affiliated with a state university and which operated multi-purpose arena being built on university campus was not a "state agency" under the CPRA).
See Denver Post v. Stapleton Dev. Corp., 19 P.3d 36 (Colo. App. 2000).
Advisory boards and commissions and other quasi-governmental entities are subject to FOIA if they meet the four-part test set forth in Bd. of Trustees v. FOIC, 181 Conn. 544, 436 A.2d 266 (1980) or the definition of public agency.
Advisory boards and commissions and quasi-governmental entities are covered if they (i) are supported in whole or in part by any public funds; (ii) expend or disburse any public funds, including grants, gifts or other similar disbursals and distributions; or (iii) are impliedly or specifically charged by any other public official, body or agency to advise or to make reports, investigations or recommendations. 29 Del. C. § 10002(k); see Delaware Solid Waste Auth. v. News-Journal Co., 480 A.2d 628 (Del. 1984) (waste authority that was established "to develop and implement a statewide solid waste management plan" and partially publicly funded was a public body subject to FOIA).
If the documents at issue are under the control of an agency by virtue of its relationship with an advisory board, a claimant could argue the documents are covered by the D.C. Act. See Kane v. District of Columbia, 180 A.3d 1073, 1077-79 (D.C. 2018); Belth, 115 Daily Washington Legal Rptr. at 2281.
In response to State ex rel. Tindel v. Sharp, 300 So. 2d 750 (Fla. 1st DCA 1974), which held that a screening committee, hired to screen school superintendent applications, was an "independent contractor" and therefore not within the scope of Chapter 119, the Legislature amended the definition of "agency" to include "any other public or private agency, person, partnership, corporation or business entity acting on behalf of any public agency." F.S. § 119.011(2) (emphasis added). Under the revised definition of "agency," records of advisory bodies, agents, or independent contractors, public or private, may be subject to Chapter 119 depending on the totality of the factors analysis noted above. Op. Att'y Gen. Fla. 91-99 (1991) (private nonprofit corporation, leasing hospital facilities of public hospital, requires management records of hospital to be public records); Op. Att'y Gen. Fla. 89-52 (1985) (public records status dependent upon the powers and duties imposed upon non-for-profit corporation under lease agreement); Op. Att'y Gen. Fla. 92-037 (1992) (Tampa Bay Performing Arts Center found subject to Chapter 119 because trustees were government officials, it utilized city property and performed a government function); Op. Att'y Gen. Fla. 92-53 (1992) (Ringling Brothers Museum of Art Foundation was a private entity acting on behalf of public agency; thus records relating to foundation's activities were public records); Times Publ'g Co. v. City of St. Petersburg, 558 So. 2d 487 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990) (White Sox baseball organization subject to Chapter 119 for lease documents and other records relating to negotiations for use of municipal stadium); Shevin v. Byron, Harless, Schaffer, Reid & Ass'ns Inc., 379 So. 2d 633 (Fla. 1980) (applying Chapter 119 to a consultant hired by electric authority); Town of Palm Beach v. Gradison, 296 So. 2d 473 (Fla. 1974) (groups, public or private, which act in any advisory capacity to a public board or commission are subject to the Sunshine Law); Schwartzman v. Merritt Island Volunteer Fire Dep't, 352 So. 2d 1230 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977) (because it acts on behalf of a public agency, a volunteer fire department is an agency and its records are public records).
Records of advisory boards and commissions and quasi-governmental entities that are prepared, maintained or received in the performance of a service or function by or for or on behalf of a Georgia agency are subject to the Act. O.C.G.A. § 50-18-70(b)(2). Smith v. Northside Hosp., 302 Ga. 517, 807 S.E.2d 909 (2017) (records of privately-restructured public hospital authority health systems are subject to the Act); Cent. Atlanta Progress v. Baker, 278 Ga. App. 733, 737-40, 629 S.E.2d 840, 843-45 (2006) (publicly-supported and publicly-received private bids for NFL Super Bowl and NASCAR Hall of Fame are public records); Nw. Ga. Health Sys. v. Times-Journal, 218 Ga. App. 336, 340, 461 S.E.2d 297 (1995) (nonprofit hospitals operating as vehicles for public hospital authorities are subject to the Act regardless of the amount of funding they receive from the public); Hackworth v. Bd. of Educ., 214 Ga. App. 17, 447 S.E.2d 78 (1994) (requiring private company that transported students under a contract with the city school system to reveal personnel records of school bus drivers); Clayton Cty. Hosp. Auth. v. Webb, 208 Ga. App. 91, 430 S.E.2d 89 (1993) (records of private corporations associated with hospital authority are public records); Red & Black Publ'g Co. v. Bd. of Regents, 262 Ga. 848, 427 S.E.2d 257 (1993) (records of the University of Georgia Student Organization Court subject to the Act); Cremins v. Atlanta Journal and Constitution, 261 Ga. 496, 405 S.E.2d 675 (1991) (records reflecting the athletically related "outside" income of public university athletic coaches are public records even if the records are not on file with and have never been reviewed by university officials); Dooley v. Davidson, 260 Ga. 577, 397 S.E.2d 922 (1990) (same); Macon Tele. Publ'g Co. v. Bd. of Regents, 256 Ga. 443 (1986) (records showing the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of the private University of Georgia Athletic Association are public records). See also 1985 Op. Att'y Gen. No. U85-42 (Advisory Committee on Area Planning and Development subject to Act).
Subunits of the legislature, even if limited in duration, are included within the term "agency" for the purposes of the UIPA provided that they are performing a government function. See Commission on Sexual Orientation and the Law, OIP Op. Ltr. No. 95-1 (Jan. 1, 1995) (finding Commission on Sexual Orientation and the Law to be an "agency" subject to the UIPA); Review Commission of State Water Code, OIP Op. Ltr. No. 94-2 (Mar. 21, 1994) (finding Water Code Commission to be an "agency" subject to the UIPA).
There have been no reported decisions on the applicability of the Idaho Public Records Act to such bodies. To the extent that such bodies meet the broad definition of either a "state agency" or "local agency," their records would be considered "public records" under the act.
Advisory boards and commissions are subject to the Act, because the FOIA defines "public body" broadly. See 5 ILCS 140/2. Quasi-governmental entities may be public bodies depending on the test enunciated in Rockford Newspapers Inc. See "Nongovernmental bodies," supra.
The definition of public agency includes "any advisory commission, committee, or body created by statute, ordinance, or executive order to advise the governing body of a public agency, except medical staffs or the committees of any such staff." Ind. Code § 5-14-3-2(q)(5). Additionally, the following are "public agenc[ies]" under the Access to Public Records Act: school corporations; certain law enforcement agencies; license branches; and the state lottery, gaming, and horse racing commission. Id. Ind. Code § 5-14-3-2(q).
The records of advisory boards, commissions and quasi-governmental entities are public if the records are held by governmental officials in their official capacity. Dubuque v. Dubuque Racing Ass'n, Ltd., 420 N.W.2d 450, 453 (Iowa 1988) (emphasis added).
These are subject to the act if publicly funded. Kan. Att'y Gen. Op. 1986-48.
Any board, commission, committee, subcommittee, ad hoc committee, advisory committee, council or agency established, created, and controlled are defined as public agencies and therefore subject to the Act. See Ky. Rev. Stat. 61.870(1)(j). Also, entities with governing bodies a majority of which are appointed by a public agency are public agencies. Ky. Rev. Stat. 61.870(i). However, committees of hospital medical staffs are not defined as public agencies and are not covered by the Act. Id.
Advisory boards, commissions and task forces, and "quasi-public nonprofit corporations designated . . . to perform a governmental or proprietary function" are covered by the statute. La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 44:1. See, e.g., Op. Att'y Gen. 86-515-A (not-for-profit hospital is designated to perform a governmental or proprietary function and hence is covered); Op. Att'y Gen. 84-66 (parish [county] council on aging, a quasi-public nonprofit corporation created pursuant to state statute, is covered); But see La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 17:3390, supra (university foundations); Op. Att'y Gen. 92-404 (parish voluntary councils on aging that receive and expend governmental funds are subject to act "to the extent that they [perform] governmental functions . . ., [receive and disburse] public funds, and/or [use] public facilities and resources," but not covered as to expenditures of private funds not commingled). See also Op. Att'y Gen. 92-476 (Lake Pontchartrain Basin Foundation is covered); Op. Att'y Gen. 92-434 (nonprofit corporation affiliated with state-owned medical facility); Op. Att'y Gen. 84-120 (Convention and Visitors Bureau created by parish [county] governing authority is covered); Op. Att'y Gen. 93-220, and Op. Att'y Gen. 81-1153 (Board of Commissioners of the City Park Improvement Association possesses policy-making, advisory, or administrative functions and hence is covered); Op. Att'y Gen. 93-780 (Records of TMSEL, a private company which operates RTA (itself a public body created by the legislature to operate New Orleans public transit system), are public records to the extent that they concern dealings with the RTA; Op. Att'y Gen. 93-583 (Louisiana Insurance Guaranty Association, a "nonprofit unincorporated legal entity" created to address public insurance concerns, is subject to Public Records Act); Op. Att'y Gen. 94-442 (FloodComm Corp., a "nonprofit public benefit" corporation, created by Orleans Levee district to own, lease, and develop properties, is covered by act); Op. Att'y Gen. 94-259 (members of board of directors of Louisiana Development Partnerships Inc., a nonprofit, government created corporation are subject to act).
The records of advisory boards, commissions, and other bodies created by government action are generally public, unless created by executive order and designated confidential by the terms of the order establishing the body. 1 M.R.S.A. § 402(3)(J).
The full membership meetings of any association, the membership of which is composed of counties, municipalities, school administrative units or other political or administrative subdivisions, are open to the public – along with boards, commissions, agencies or authorities of any such subdivisions, or any combination of any of these entities. 1 M.R.S.A. § 402(2)(D).
The PIA generally applies. See, e.g., Andy's Ice Cream, Inc. v. City of Salisbury, 125 Md. App. 125, 724 A.2d 717 (1999) (finding Salisbury Zoo Commission subject to the PIA).
There are some 42 quasi-governmental entities in Massachusetts, ranging in size from six to 6,000 employees, according to the Massachusetts Public Interest Research Group. MassPIRG Education Fund, Out of the Shadows: Massachusetts Quasi-Public Agencies and the Need for Government Transparency (Spring 2010). Yet these bodies' status under the Public Records Law remains murky at best. MassPIRG reports that although most responded to its formal inquiries for information, others, such as the Commonwealth Zoo Corporation, claimed they were not subject to the Public Records Law – and still others, such as the Steamship Authority, ignored the requests altogether. Id. at 18-19.
See Lambert v. Exec. Dir. of the Judicial Nominating Council, 425 Mass. 406, 409, 681 N.E.2d 285 (1997) (records of judicial nominating council not "public records" subject to disclosure, because council is a creature of the Governor, who is not explicitly an "agency, executive office, department, board, commission, bureau, division or authority of Commonwealth pursuant to Public Records Law); Globe Newspaper Co. v. Mass. Bay Transp. Auth. Retirement Bd., 416 Mass. 1007, 622 N.E.2d 265 (1993) (public agency retirement board created through collective bargaining agreement not a "board" of the Commonwealth and not subject to Public Records Law); Wallerstein v. Bd. of Bar Exam'rs, 414 Mass. 1008, 610 N.E.2d 891 (1993) (Board of Bar Examiners not required to disclose applicant's score on bar exam); see also Kettenbach v. Bd. of Bar Overseers, 448 Mass. 1019, 863 N.E.2d 36 (2007) (holding that Board of Bar Overseers and Bar Counsel, as members of the judicial branch of government, are not subject to the public records law and not obligated to produce documents relating to a former judge's status as a member of the bar).
The definition of a "public body" includes "[a] state officer, employee, agency, department, division, bureau, board, commission, council, authority, or other body in the executive branch of the state government, but does not include the governor or lieutenant governor, the executive office of the governor or lieutenant governor, or employees thereof." Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 15.232(h)(i). The definition also includes "[a] county, city, township, village, intercounty, intercity, or regional governing body, council, school district, special district, or municipal corporation, or a board, department, commission, council, or agency thereof." Id. § 15.232(h)(iii).
If a board or commission is created by a law, local ordinance or charter provision, it is governed by the Act. Minn. Stat. §§ 13.01, subd. 1; 13.02, subds. 7a and 11.
These are covered if "created by the Constitution or by law, executive order, ordinance or resolution." § 25-61-3(a).
Advisory boards are subject to the Sunshine Law. Mo.Rev.Stat. § 610.010(4)(e); MacLachlan v. McNary, 684 S.W.2d 534 (Mo.Ct.App. 1984) (holding that Annexation Study Commission, which considered and recommended changes in delivery of governmental changes to County Executive, is subject to Sunshine Law).
Quasi-public governmental bodies are subject to the Sunshine Law. Mo.Rev.Stat. § 610.010(4)(f) (definition of "public governmental body" includes "quasi-public governmental bodies"); Remington v. City of Boonville, 701 S.W.2d 804, 806-807 (Mo.Ct.App. 1985).
Quasi-public governmental bodies include religious and charitable associations, urban development corporations and general not-for-profit corporations organized or authorized to do business in Missouri under the provisions of Chapters 352, 353 and 355, Mo.Rev.Stat., respectively, and unincorporated associations which have as their primary purpose either (1) to enter into contracts with public governmental bodies or (2) to engage primarily in activities carried out pursuant to an agreement or agreements with public governmental bodies. Mo.Rev.Stat. § 610.010(4)(f). See North Kansas City Hospital Board of Trustees v. St. Luke's Northland Hospital, 984 S.W.2d 113, 117-188 (Mo.Ct.App. 1998) (holding that non-profit health corporation that managed physician practices and operated medical facilities for municipal hospital under direction of hospital's Board of Trustee was "engaged primarily in activities carried out pursuant to an agreement" with the Board and was therefore a quasi-public governmental body subject to the Sunshine Act.)
Quasi-public governmental bodies do not include urban redevelopment corporations which are privately owned, operated for profit, and do not expend public funds. Such urban redevelopment corporations are not subject to the Sunshine Law. Mo.Rev.Stat. § 610.010(4). However, redevelopment corporations that have the power to exercise eminent domain, allocate or issue tax-free debt, tax credits, or tax abatements are subject to the Sunshine Law, but such coverage may only extend to such records and meetings that address the expenditure of public funds. Mo.Rev.Stat § 610.010(4)(f)(b).
Quasi-judicial bodies are subject to the Sunshine Law. Remington v. City of Boonville, 701 S.W.2d 804, 806 (Mo.Ct.App. 1985) (holding that city's board of zoning adjustment was subject to the Sunshine Law); But see Nasrallah v. Missouri Board of Chiropractic Examiners, 1996 WL 678640 at *5-6 (Mo.Ct.App. 1996) (when an administrative agency acts in a quasi-judicial capacity, adjudication is closed). However, subsequently, a Missouri Court of Appeals followed the reasoning of Remington, and in so doing held "Nashrallah has absolutely no precedential value, as the case was transferred to the Missouri Supreme Court and later dismissed." Wilkendon Partnership v. St. Louis County Board of Equalization, 497 S.W.3d 873 (Mo.Ct.App. 2016) (rejecting the argument that a public governmental body becomes a judicial entity not subject to the Sunshine Law when performing adjudicative functions).
The Public Records Act is silent as to whether these groups' records are open. See Mont. Code Ann. § 2-6-1002(10). However, the state constitution guarantees public access to the records of "public bodies" defined under the open meetings law as bodies "or organizations or agencies supported in whole or in part by public funds," Mont. Code Ann. § 2-3-203(1), and the Montana Supreme Court used definitions found in the Montana Procurement Act to conclude that an advisory committee of the Department of Corrections was subject to the constitutional right to know in Great Falls Tribune Co. Inc. v. Day, 289 Mont 155, 959 P.2d 508 (1998). Thus, a requesting party should argue that these entities are covered by the Public Records Act, particularly if they receive public funds.
Records of advisory boards and commissions are public records to the extent they fit the definition in Neb. Rev. Stat. §84-712.01(1) which provides that the term "public records" "shall include all records and documents, regardless of physical form, of or belonging to . . . any agency, branch, department, board, bureau, commission, council, subunit, or committee of any of the foregoing," unless any other statute expressly provides that particular records shall not be made public.
The NPRA applies to an "institution board, commission, bureau, council, department, division, authority or other unit of government of this State, including, without limitation, an agency of the Executive Department, or of a political subdivision of this State." NRS 239.005(5).
As discussed, the definition of "public body" covers advisory boards and commissions and the two Professional Firefighters cases hold that the Statute can apply to quasi-governmental entities. See RSA 91-A:1-a,VI.
The records of any officer, commission, agency or authority of the State or of any political subdivision thereof, including subordinate boards, are subject to OPRA. (See N.J.S.A. 47:1A-1.1.)
Advisory boards, commissions, committees, agencies or entities created by the constitution or any branch of government that receives any public funding, are "public bodies" within the meaning of the Act. Accordingly, their records are subject to review under the Act. NMSA 1978 § 14-2-6(F).
The FOIL definition of agency expressly includes a board, commission, committee, public authority, council, office or other governmental entity performing a governmental function. N.Y. Pub. Off. Law § 86(3) (McKinney 1988). On the question of access to records of bodies serving in an advisory capacity, see Justice v. King, 60 A.D.3d 1452, 876 N.Y.S.2d 301 (4th Dep't 2009) (holding that a corporation serving parolees that has contracted with the state on a fee-for-service basis is not an agency for purposes of FOIL) (citing Farms First v. Saratoga Econ. Dev. Corp., 222 A.D.2d 861, 861, 635 N.Y.S.2d 720, 720 (3d Dep't1995)); Reese v. Daines, 62 A.D.3d 1254, 877 N.Y.S.2d 801 (4th Dep't 2009) (holding that the Western New York Health System, Inc. is a public body subject to FOIL requirements while it oversees the merger of a public benefit corporation and a private entity); Buffalo News Inc. v. Buffalo Enterprise Development Corporation, 173 A.D.2d 43, 578 N.Y.S.2d 945 (4th Dep't 1991), aff'd 84 N.Y.2d 488, 644 N.E.2d 277, 619 N.Y.S.2d 695 (1994) (non-profit city economic development corporation acting as city's agent was government agency subject to FOIL); Syracuse United Neighbors v. City of Syracuse, 80 A.D.2d 984, 437 N.Y.S.2d 446 (4th Dep't 1981), appeal dismissed, 55 N.Y.2d 995, 434 N.E.2d 270, 449 N.Y.S.2d 201 (1982) (granting access to the documents of two advisory committees where the records were kept and held by the municipality). But see Baumgarten v. Koch, 97 Misc.2d 449, 411 N.Y.S.2d 487 (Sup. Ct. 1978) (denying access to records of the Mayor's Committee on the Judiciary on the grounds that the Committee performed a purely advisory function of merely making recommendations to the Mayor on judicial appointments).
The records of advisory boards and commissions are covered in addition to every public office, public officer or official (State or local, elected or appointed), institution, board, commission, bureau, council, department, authority or other unit of government of the State or any county, unit, special district or other political subdivision. G.S. § 132-1(a).
The open records law expressly applies to task forces and working groups created by the individual in charge of a state agency or institution. N.D.C.C. § 44-04-17.1(13). Additionally, because almost all advisory boards, commissions, and quasi-governmental entities expend public funds or are supported in whole or in part by public funds, they would be within the open records law. It is worth noting all records of the Board of Medical Examiners investigative panels (other than their financial records) are confidential. N.D.C.C. § 43-17.1-08.
The statute does not address advisory boards, commissions, and quasi-governmental entities, but if such a board or commission possesses records generated in the course of performing a duty delegated by a public office and such records may be subject to some degree of control by the office, it is likely that the records would be available to the public under the public records statute. See State ex rel. Mazzaro v. Ferguson, 49 Ohio St. 3d 37, 550 N.E.2d 464 (1990); but see State ex rel. Am. Civ. Liberties Union of Ohio, Inc. v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. Of Comm's, 128 Ohio St.3d 256, 2011-Ohio-625.
If they have a connection with the transaction of public business, the expenditure of public funds or the administering of public property, they are covered under the Act. 51 O.S. § 24A.3(2). The Grand River Dam Authority Lakes Advisory Commission, created to advise the GRDA and to provide a list of names from which the governor must appoint as a GRDA Board member, is subject to the Act. 2002 OK AG 44. The Silver Hair Legislature, composed of citizens who meet annually at the state capitol to discuss issues pertaining to senior citizens, is covered by the Act. 2002 OK AG 42.
Whether such entities are subject to the Public Records Law is to be tested by the six factors established in Marks v. McKenzie High School Fact Finding Team, 319 Or 451, 878 P.2d 417 (1994).
No advisory boards, commissions or quasi-governmental bodies are explicitly identified in the Law. Under the old act, in effect before 2008, purely advisory entities were not considered agencies subject to the disclosure requirements of that law. See Safety, Agric., Villages and Env't (S.A.V.E.) v. Delaware Valley Reg'l Planning Comm'n, 819 A.2d 1235 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2003) (explaining that the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission is not an agency subject to the old law because it acts only in an advisory capacity and "cannot be considered an organization performing 'essential' services").
Subject to the APRA. R.I. Gen. Laws § 38-2-2(1) (2012); see also R.I. Gen. Laws § 42-35-1(2).
All departments of the state or political subdivision of the state including boards and commissions and quasi-governmental bodies are subject to the act. S.C. Code Ann. §30-4-20(a) (1991). The Supreme Court of South Carolina applied this section to hold that a committee appointed by a city manager to review proposals for a city contract was a "public body" and subject to the FOIA. Quality Towing Inc. v. City of Myrtle Beach, 547 S.E.2d 862 (S.C. 2001).
These entities are probably covered, but subject to "decisional or deliberative" process exception. SDCL §1-27-1.9.
Presumably open. A sports authority created pursuant to the Sports Authorities Act, T.C.A. § 7-67-109, is a governmental agency within the meaning of the Act. Op. Att'y Gen. No. 96-011 (Feb. 6, 1996). City Press Communications, LLC v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association, 447 S.W. 3d. 230 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2014) (association that governs interscholastic athletic competition is the functional equivalent of a governmental agency and its records concerning whether a school violated the associations bylaws were public).
The following were found to be governmental bodies under the Act:
1. a search advisory committee established by the Board of Regents of the Texas A & M System to recommend candidates for the position of President of Texas A & M University, and whose members were reimbursed for the expense of travel, meals and lodging. Tex. Att'y Gen. ORD-273 (1981).
2. the North Texas Commission constituted a "governmental body" because its contract with the City of Fort Worth failed to impose on the commission a specific and definite obligation to provide a measurable amount of service in exchange for a certain amount of money, as one would expect to find in a typical arms-length contract for services between a vendor and a purchaser. Tex. Att'y Gen. ORD-228 (1979).
The following did not qualify as governmental bodies under the Act:
1. the advisory board of the Children's Advocacy Center of Texas ("CACCT"). Tex. Att'y Gen. ORD-5293 (2004). Although the CACCT was a governmental body subject to the Act, its advisory board was not because it served voluntarily, on an as-needed basis, in a nonvoting capacity, and received no public funds.
2. the Fiesta San Antonio Commission, which was designated by city ordinance as fiesta planning agency but received no public funds. Tex. Att'y Gen. ORD-569 (1990).
3. a mayor's task force that examined city governmental structure but did not spend and was not supported by public funds. Tex. Att'y Gen. ORD-317 (1982).
GRAMA applies to "every office, agency, board, bureau, committee, department, advisory board, or commission" of any executive, legislative, or judicial branch entity described above that is "funded or established by the government to carry out the public's business." Utah Code § 63G-2-103(11)(b).
In addition, the budget documents and financial statements of "public associations," such as the Utah Association of Counties, are public records if fifty percent or more of the public association's members are elected or appointed public officials from Utah and membership dues or other financial support come from public funds. Id. § 63G-2-901.
Although the Public Records Act makes no such distinction, the open meeting statute expressly exempts "councils or similar groups established by the Governor for the sole purpose of advising the Governor with respect to policy." 1 V.S.A. § 310(4); see also Browning v. State, No. 272-5-14, 2014 Vt. Super. LEXIS 106, *14-15 (Vt. Super. Wash. County Dec. 10, 2014) (recognizing that the Governor's Business Advisory Council on Health Care Financing and the Governor's Consumer Advisory Council on Health Care Reform, whose purpose is to "provide the Governor with advice and information on health care reform," were exempt from the state's open meeting law).
Although the University of Vermont operates as a separate corporate entity from the State of Vermont, the Vermont legislature made explicit that UVM "shall be recognized and utilized as an instrumentality of the State for providing public higher education" and provided that the state "shall, from time to time, appropriate such sums as it deems necessary for the support and maintenance of [UVM]." See 16A V.S.A. § 1-1. Thus, the Public Records Act assumes that the University of Vermont or the Vermont State Colleges fall under the definition of public agencies. See 1 V.S.A. § 317(c)(23) (exempting "data, records, or information produced or acquired by or on behalf of faculty, staff, employees, or students of the University of Vermont or the Vermont State Colleges in the conduct of study, research, or creative efforts on medical, scientific, technical, scholarly, or artistic matters . . . until such data, records, or information are published, disclosed in an issued patent, or publicly released by the institution or its authorized agents."). Similarly, the Vermont Supreme Court has held that the legislature has sufficient authority over the University of Vermont to render it a public body subject to Vermont's Public Records Act. See State v. Curley-Egan, 2006 VT 95, ¶ 15, 180 Vt. 305, 311-12 (Vt. 2006); Sprague v. Univ. of Vermont, 661 F. Supp. 1132, 1138 (D. Vt. 1987); Animal Legal Defense Fund Inc. v Univ. of Vermont, 159 Vt. 133, 137-38, 616 A.2d 224 (Vt. 1992); see also Caledonian-Record Publ'g Co. v. Vt. State Colleges, 2003 VT 78 ¶, 3, 833 A.2d 1273, 1275 (Vt. 2003) (Vermont State College and Lyndon State College stipulated that they are instrumentalities of the State, and thus subject to the Public Records Act).
The Act's definition of "public body" applies to any committee or subcommittee, or any other entity however designated, of the public body created to perform delegated functions of the public body or to advise the public body. The presence of private sector or citizen members on such a body does not excuse the body from application of the Act. Va. Code Ann. § 2.2-3701.
Such entities fall within the broad definition of "agency" under the Act. RCW 42.56.010(1).
Advisory boards and commissions, quasi-governmental entities are also likely to be held to constitute a "board, department, commission, council or agency" of a governmental unit, or to be created or primarily funded by such a body. In any of these circumstances, the Freedom of Information Act will cover the organization's records. But see, Mayo v. W. Va. Secondary Schs. Activities Comm'n, 223 W. Va. 88, 672 S.E.2d. 224 (2008) (applying five-part test and holding Commission not a state agency because only one of five-part test satisfied).
Quasi-governmental entities' records are included, as are officially designated advisory commissions, cf. Outagamie Cty. v. Smith, 38 Wis. 2d 24, 155 N.W.2d 639 (1968) (meetings of same) but unofficial boards and commissions are not, subject to (5). A private corporation that performs government functions may be subject to the Open Records law as a quasi-governmental corporation, based on the factors set forth in State v. Beaver Dam Area Dev. Corp., 2008 WI 90, 312 Wis. 2d 84, 752 N.W.2d 295.
The Wyoming Supreme Court has said that the Public Records Act will receive a liberal construction in favor of disclosure and against withholding, so it is likely that the language in Wyo. Stat. § 16-4-201 (a)(v) will be interpreted to include advisory boards. Sheridan Newspapers Inc. v. City of Sheridan, 660 P.2d 785, (Wyo. 1983); but cf. Wyo. Attorney General Op. 73-17 (1973).
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text:
Q: Insert multiple data into database in Yii 2 I have problem with my code when i'm trying to save multiple data into database at the same time, this is my code to save into database:
foreach ($data as $value) {
   $model->route = $value[0][1];
   $model->begin_point = $value[0][2];
   $model->begin_point = $value[0][3];
   $model->save();
}
return $this->redirect('index');

every i'm trying to save, i'm only get the last data array can save into database. could someone help me? or if someone could provide a tutorial, that would be a real help.

A: You have to create a New object of the model each time. Or Else youre Just overwriting.

A: *

*You can use Yii command builder to achieve this.

$command = Yii::app()->db->createCommand();

$command->insert('table_name',array('column_1'=>$value_1),
'column_2'=>$value_2));

and so on.

*Write this code in loop and it will insert all records one after another.

A: *

*Create an array by looping your multiple values.
$data- has multiple values
$bulkInsertArray = array();
foreach($data as $value){
   $bulkInsertArray[]=[
       'columnName1'=>$value[0][1],
       'columnName2'=>$value[0][2],
       'columnName3'=>$value[0][3]
   ];
}

*Check $bulkInsertArray in not empty
if(count($bulkInsertArray)>0){
    $columnNameArray=['columnName1','columnName2','columnName3'];
    // below line insert all your record and return number of rows inserted
    $insertCount = Yii::$app->db->createCommand()
                   ->batchInsert(
                         $tableName, $columnNameArray, $bulkInsertArray
                     )
                   ->execute();
}

Hope these code may be helpful.

A: You can use Yes It Is Batch Insert to insert multiple rows. It is faster than any of the ways stated here :
$connection->createCommand()->batchInsert('table_name', ['table_column_1', 'table_column_2'], [
    ['column_1_data_a', 'column_2_data_a'],
    ['column_1_data_b', 'column_2_data_b'],
    ['column_1_data_c', 'column_2_data_c'],
])->execute();

Check the link for this.

A: I think batch insert is the best solution for this problem.
but there is one problem with your pic of code that is this code will create only one data row(first row) in data table and update to that same model
solution for your code is
 foreach ($data as $value) {
    $model = new Model(); // creating new instance of model
    $model->route = $value[0][1];
    $model->begin_point = $value[0][2];
    $model->begin_point = $value[0][3];
    $model->save();
  }
  return $this->redirect('index');

A: foreach ($data as $key=>$value) {
   $model = new ModelNeme(); //optional
   $model->route = $_POST['name'][$key];
   $model->save();
}
return $this->redirect('index');

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Deadpool 2 writers Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick were recently asked about the tone of X-Force and about how it will compare to the standalone Deadpool movies. Reese stated that he doesn't think that the ensemble film will have any trouble getting an R-rating. He also hopes that it will push the boundaries past the Deadpool series. He had this to say.
The "flexibility" that Rhett Reese speaks of is clearly evident in Deadpool 2. Ryan Reynolds and company probably didn't even think of boundaries while they were writing and filming the movie, which will more than likely spill into Drew Godard's X-Force. There's an element of pushing the envelope while still telling an intriguing story with plot twists that keeps the Merc with a Mouth breaking box office records, so there's no reason why that won't be the same case with X-Force.
Drew Godard's Bad Times at the El Royale will probably start up the promotional campaign in mid-September, which means that work on the script for X-Force could start up before the end of the year. Ryan Reynolds recently said that he loves Godard and that he can't wait to see what they come up with for X-Force. Reynolds has also recently said that he can't see doing a Deadpool 3, and that X-Force will be that third installment instead.
Rhett Reese had stated in the past that he wants X-Force to delve further into Cable's backstory, which will certainly have to get pretty gritty, and could earn an R-rating alone, without any input from Deadpool. While we wait for more news on the X-Force movie, Deadpool 2 is now in theaters, breaking R-rated box office numbers and shattering its own previous record, so head into theaters to check it out if you haven't already. The foundation for X-Force has been laid out in Deadpool 2 and it's a pretty hilarious and intense ride. You can check out the original interview with Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick at CBR.


While Indiana's senators are reserving final judgment on the still-evolving tax plan the Senate could take up as early as Wednesday, the directions they're leaning are clear.
WASHINGTON – Democratic Sen. Joe Donnelly doesn't see how Hoosiers would be better off under a proposed overhaul of the federal tax code.
Republican Sen. Todd Young says the bill the Senate could begin voting on Wednesday would lead to a simpler, fairer tax code.
While both senators are reserving final judgment on the still-evolving tax plan, the directions they're leaning are clear.
Donnelly, who has been alternately wooed and pressured for months by the Trump administration, said Tuesday the bill doesn't include the components he told the president were needed to win his support.
Young, despite past concerns about the size of the federal debt, is strongly leaning toward supporting the bill.
The bill dramatically cuts the top corporate rate and lowers rates for individuals and families while taking away deductions and credits. It would reduce the amount of taxes collected by $1.4 trillion over 10 years.
Indiana's nine House members split along party lines when the House passed its version of the bill.
Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., wants to pass the Senate bill this week.
If that happens, the House could face pressure to quickly pass the Senate bill rather than try to resolve differences and send the bills back to both chambers for another vote.
Among the differences is the Senate's proposed repeal of the Obamacare mandate, the requirement in the 2010 Affordable Care Act that most people have health insurance or pay a tax penalty.
The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimates that without the mandate, the government would spend less on Medicaid and subsidized private insurance because some people would not sign up for coverage unless they had to. The agency also predicted some people who want coverage would not be able to afford it because the smaller number of healthy people in the marketplace would cause premiums to rise for those who buy coverage on their own.
"Will you tell us how important it is to you that Joe reject the Republicans' attempt to dismantle the health care system through their tax bill?" the campaign email asked.
Donnelly, one of the most vulnerable Democrats up for re-election next year, called it "really discouraging" when the healthcare provision was added to the bill.
"That's not what tax policy is supposed to be about," he said.
In estimating the overall impact of the tax bill, the CBO said Sunday that everyone earning less than $30,000 comes out worse than they would be with no changes in 2019. And by 2027, everyone earning less than $75,000 comes out worse.
Conversely, people earning more than $75,000 would pay less in taxes or get larger benefits over the coming decade under the bill, CBO said.
Donnelly said the analysis shows the bill's focus is not on the middle class, which is contrary to what he said Trump told him. In a September meeting at the White House, Donnelly said Trump backed language that Donnelly wanted included to help keep jobs from moving overseas.
But while Donnelly also traveled with Trump to Indiana when the president laid out his priorities for a bill, Donnelly said Senate Republicans never asked what he needed to support the bill.
"The actual legislative effort did not include us," Donnelly said.
Pushing back on Democratic criticisms of the bill, Young said it's duplicitous to argue that repealing the Obamacare mandate "creates some sort of a burden." The fact someone doesn't receive government help by choosing not to buy health insurance shouldn't be factored into the CBO's analysis of how taxpayers fare under the bill, he said.
"For somebody to argue that somehow eliminating (the tax penalty for not having insurance) leads to an increase in the tax burden for these people of modest means seems perverse to me," he said.
Young also defended the bill's price tag, which outside analysts have said will increase deficits in the coming decade even when the effects of economic growth are included.
While Young has previously said he doesn't want to "blow a hole in the budget" with a tax package, he said Tuesday the bill's economic effects have to be looked at past the 10-year budget window used to put a price tag on the bill.
"That's a flaw of many of the economic models out there that are less optimistic about the impact of all this," he said.
Still, Young supports efforts to add a mechanism to the bill that would lessen the loss of revenue if the hoped-for level of growth doesn't happen.
Young backs adding the trigger because of the imperfect nature of growth and revenue forecasts, although he doesn't expect it would be needed.


1. To prepare the bacon, bring a pot of water to the boil, blanch and refresh the lardons, then pat dry. Fry the lardons in a little oil then set aside. Blanching the bacon results in crispier lardons.
2. Add the lardons and the chopped parsley to the stuffing, taste and season.
3. Split the underside of the chichen breast and fill the pocket with the stuffing. Close the split, covering the underside with the inner fillet.
4. Wrap the breast in a slice of the prosciutto ham.
5. To cook, seal the breast in a little oil, then finish in an oven at 180 degrees c for 10-12 minutes until cooked through.


text:
Heather Barron Named Assistant Principal at Smith Elementary
Rick Schaeffer
Heather Barron, who has spent 14 years as a teacher and instructional facilitator at Jones Elementary School, has been named assistant principal at Smith Elementary. She replaces Tonya Woods, who retired.
"My years in the Springdale School District have been flooded with outstanding mentors who have taught me more than I ever could have imagined," Barron said. "I am honored that Dr. (Superintendent Jim) Rollins, his leadership team and the Springdale School Board have given me the opportunity to serve the students and families at T.G. Smith Elementary.
"I want to thank Smith principal Kim Simco for her trust in me as her assistant principal. I am dedicated to continuous learning and serving our students at high levels."
A graduate of the University of Arkansas with a bachelor's degree in Elementary Education and a master's in teaching in Early Childhood Education, Barron earned her Ed.S. degree in Educational Leadership through Arkansas State University. She also holds an ESL endorsement from Henderson State University.
For the past 14 years Barron has served at Jones Elementary. She was a classroom teacher for six years before transitioning into an instructional facilitator role. In addition, she has led math professional development at the state, region and district level.
"Mrs. Barron is one of the most respected members of the Springdale educational team and she is well-suited at this time to move into the role of assistant principal at Smith Elementary," said Rollins. "I look forward to watching Mrs. Kim Simco, principal, and the outstanding Smith Elementary team as they embrace Mrs. Barron in her new role and to seeing them move forward together in pursuit of educational excellence."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
In the Spotlight News and Events
APG News
Cadets Job Shadow in the Community
APG Officer Leads Challenge Basketball
Challenge Class Graduation
From China to Maryland
To all the businesses and supporters of our program.
Class #53 Completion Ceremony
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yl9aQGHrF2M
Section Menu MENU
Director, Freestate ChalleNGe Academy
Charles F. (Charlie) Rose was appointed as the new Director of the Freestate ChalleNGe Academy in February 2013. He comes to the academy with over 40 years of experience with the military, both as active duty military and as a federal employee.
Charles was born and raised in North East of Cecil County, MD. He graduated North East High School in 1970 and then attended Cecil Community College. In 1971, Charlie entered the US Air Force and served on active duty for 20 years, retiring in 1991. During his military career, Charlie served as a Fireman, B-52 Gunner, and for 80% of his career, worked in the Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) Division at various Air Force bases around the world, reaching the position of Superintendent of MWR and the rank of MSgt.
Upon retirement from the Air Force, Charlie worked in Sports and Recreation management for the government in the Washington, D.C. area. He served as the Director of Youth Activities, and subsequently, as the Sports and Fitness Center Director at Andrews AFB, MD, for over 14 years. During his career, he has worked with the Air Force, Army and Marine Corps in various sports management positions.
Charlie is very active in baseball, having been a player and coach for over 30 years. He was an Associate Scout for 6 Major League Baseball teams for over 12 years and credited with drafting and signing 6 players to professional contracts with one player going on to play in the Major Leagues with the Chicago Cubs. He currently coaches a 15/16u team in the Baltimore region.
Charlie has been happily married to the former Sue Feltman of Rising Sun, MD. for over 40 years. They have 3 children, Geoffrey, Brian and Deanna, and 2 grandchildren, Garrett and McKenzie.


text:
package org.lwjgl.openal;

/**
 * Native bindings to the {@code AL_EXT_EXPONENT_DISTANCE} extension.
 *
 *
An OpenAL 1.1 implementation will always support the {@code AL_EXT_EXPONENT_DISTANCE} extension. This allows an application written to the OpenAL 1.0 specification to
 * access the exponent distance abilities.

 */
public final class EXTExponentDistance {

	/** {@code AL_EXT_EXPONENT_DISTANCE} tokens. */
	public static final int
		AL_EXPONENT_DISTANCE         = 0xD005,
		AL_EXPONENT_DISTANCE_CLAMPED = 0xD006;

	private EXTExponentDistance() {}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
<?php

class Sales_model extends CI_Model {

  function __construct() {
      parent::__construct();
      $this->table = 'sales';

  }
}


Although we often wish there was one identifiable formula for career success, there isn't. It looks different for everyone—particularly for women.
You probably know better than most the transition from being a doing-employee to an influential employee, no matter your position, isn't effortless. Regrettably, women spend the bulk of their time and attention putting all their eggs in the wrong basket—one that rarely gains them career momentum. Then, women end up wondering how they missed achieving their big future.
The discouraging aspect of this is that we women are working hard, investing long hours all the while ignoring subtle, yet essential switch-points of change which will make our career pathway more rewarding and satisfying.
I bet you can relate. Haven't you felt as though you work your proverbial fingers to the bone, and yet your destination seems just out of reach? Transformation starts with four change switch-points both of thought and action.
Be the Trailblazer: Companies talk a big game concerning the career development of their employees. However, it is measured by the Return on Investment (ROI) of the company—not on their employee's growth. And while profitable organizations generate an excellent, energizing work environment, it's missing you in the equation.
More Then Credentials: Many women believe their expertise, credentials, and degrees are the critical factors for a thriving career except the reality is they are merely the price of admission. Most assuredly, they alone are not enough to open the door to each one of your hopes and dreams that extend beyond the hiring process. An entirely new, more refined, set of competencies, attitudes, and approaches are essential. They're ones that lean more on the nuanced skills of emotional intelligence, "big future" thinking, relationship building, collaboration, inspiring others to greatness and a whole ton of additional activities that can't be taught rather you acquire them through awareness, observation, wisdom and a whole slew of commitment.
Bold Confidence: Stand tall in the blazing glory of your greatness. When you shrink, you shrink everything around you including your prospects. Contrary to what we women often believe, research reveals confidence, not talent or hard work or education is at the core of successful individuals. And such an attitude isn't fixed, it grows through utilization.
Patience Required: Switch-points of change don't take place overnight as they require one small, intentional step after another to form solid habits. Your progress may seem awkward—three-steps forward, two steps back—as you encounter a never-ending parade of opportunity to display your improved decision-making competencies. Repeating the two-steps permits you to delve deeper into the new behavior leading to career progression.
Once these switch-points of change become an automatic way of thinking and acting, they will transform the trajectory of your career as they aid in aligning more closely with your desires, not someone else's. There is no time like the present to begin cultivating them!


When I was a child and I took the camera to make my first photos, a sense of composition was shown. Then, on my first computer I learnt how to work in Corel Draw program, version 9. Ever since I attended the elementary school I got into contact with the html programming language thanks to my schoolmate. We made the website of our school together on Informatics lessons. I attended the Private secondary art school of design in Bratislava where I studied the Graphic and Spatial design. I enjoyed this so much so after school leaving examination I attended post-graduation study at this school in the department of Photography design. Thanks to this school I had an opportunity to study under the guidance of Slovak artists and graphic artists such as Dusan Junek, Katarina Slaninkova, Petra Cepkova or Hana Paukeje and many others. Their work motivated me to mine. I love when I can creatively realize and even more if the result of it is according to my expectations. I am self-critical too, if I am not satisfied with my work, instead of lengthy thinking about what is wrong I start from the beginning to make it perfect. I am pleased to look forward to new, more effective ways and I also improving myself. If you want more info about me download my Portfolio or Curriculum Vitae .
This website uses Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager and Facebook Pixel to collect anonymous information such as the number of visitors to the site, and the most popular pages.


text:
World Cup top scorer breaks down in tears: I didn't expect this to be the end
Veteran Ecuador captain Enner Valencia broke down in tears as he apologized to soccer fans in his country after failing to reach the second round of the World Cup in Qatar. But Valencia, whose team was just around the corner from reaching the last 16 and matching Ecuador's previous best performance in 2006, found some
Veteran Ecuador captain Enner Valencia broke down in tears as he apologized to soccer fans in his country after failing to reach the second round of the World Cup in Qatar.
But Valencia, whose side were close to reaching the last 16 and matching Ecuador's previous best performance in 2006, found some solace in words of encouragement from the crowd after his personal brilliance at the tournament.
"I apologize to the people of Ecuador," Valencia said crying after the 2-1 defeat by African champions Senegal on Tuesday, which prevented Ecuador from advancing in the tournament.
"We did not expect this ending and we were very happy with what we did in the first two matches, but unfortunately we were not able to fulfill the aspirations of Ecuadorean football fans," he added.
But the 33-year-old veteran would remain a national hero in his country.
Ecuador's all-time top scorer scored three goals in the opening 2-0 win over Qatar and a 1-1 draw with the Netherlands, and Ecuador deserved to go through to the knockout stage.
They could have achieved this if they drew with Senegal, but Ecuador paid the price for the lack of focus on two occasions.
4 players top the list of top scorers in the 2022 World Cup, with 3 goals each, and they are the Netherlands player, French star Kylian Mbappe, Englishman Marcus Rashford, and Ecuadorian player Ener Valencia, whose country left the tournament from the group stage.
Follow our latest local and sports news and the latest political and economic developments via Google news
ener valencia,
Source: emara
All sports articles on 2022-11-30
Sports 2023-01-11T02:03:56.541Z
[Soup] Messi finally crowned 'GOAT'... What legend has he surpassed?
World Cup 2022: Lionel Messi, finally the lucky star
2022 World Cup: a legendary final and a third trophy for Argentina
Ligue 1: Mbappé and Paris SG hunt the ghosts of the World Cup
Lewandowski nominates Messi for the Golden Ball award
On Twitter too, the 2022 World Cup is the edition of all records
[Soup] The reason why Pele is called 'Football Emperor', immortal records
World Cup 2022: Kylian Mbappé did not imitate Pelé but the future belongs to him
The Exchange Union launches the "Mashreq Tour", with prizes of 350,000 dirhams
The boy who likes to read and listen to music became the world champion of Go
Al-Samahi: The UAE national team is technically ready for the Arab Taekwondo Championship
Lebanese Beirut inflicts the first defeat on the athlete in the Dubai basket
How do you make more than $600 million selling 10 players? Benfica has the answer
Alexander Isak's message after the blast: "Feeling well"
Salman bin Ibrahim, president of the Asian Football Confederation until 2027
The Supreme Council of the World Cup confirms the completion of preparations to host the event
Al-Bataeh reached the quarter-finals of the cup after an exciting victory over Kalba
10 exciting deals in the "winter transfers" .. and Moroccan players reap the "fruits"
Japan Curling Championship Loco Solare beats Chubu Electric Power to take the top spot
[Camp] Yota Kyoda, who joined DeNA this season, demonstrates his stable grab handling
64 ultras arrested for a fight between radicals from Burgos and Zaragoza
Calendar, dates, matches of the Blues… The complete program of the 6 Nations 2023
In-form Ymer ahead of the Davis Cup: "Like Chinese"
After the SM gold: Björn Sandström selected for the World Cup
"Visit Saudi", the sponsor chosen by Fifa which does not pass
[Camp] Lotte Aki Sasaki is the first bullpen WBC official ball 49 pitches
[Camp] Yakult Munetaka Murakami 23rd birthday "I want to win the best in the world"
Lapa, Champagne and Jardim are the best in "January Professionals"
Barça missed the recruitment of Mexican Araujo by… 18 seconds
Focus on the WC and team EC in Malmö behind Truls Möregårdh's decision to move home
Shell signed documents with Gazprom Neft on the sale of its stake in the Salym joint venture
The Real Madrid coach alludes to Ronaldo's mistake...and talks about the fate of Benzema and Modric
Philadelphia Eagles player charged with rape and forcible confinement
Will Russia return to international sports competitions? [Details]
Before a duel with FC Bayern: concerns at PSG about superstar Mbappé
Zaire-Emery, 16, becomes the youngest goalscorer in the history of PSG
Ebba Årsjö: "Maybe it's high"
Al-Mishal: Russia's move to the AFC is subject to careful study
The return of Berdyev, newcomers to Spartak and innovations in refereeing: what is interesting about the RPL Winter Cup


Shilla's Frill Tie Dress from the Superior collection is a lovely, feminine style that is so much fun to wear. With gorgeous ruffle details and a waist tie, it's as flattering as it is cute!
The Superior Frill Tie Dress by Shilla is a long sleeved style that is flirty and fun. Featuring a round neckline, keyhole button detail in the back, long sleeves with elastic cuffs, a waist tie, slightly elasticated waist and a panel detail at the hem for a gorgeous floaty skirt. The fabric is light but has a little more weight than a summer style and has a lovely texture to it. The body and skirt are lined.
Approx. 79cm in length, shoulder to hem.
Made from 60% viscose, 40% polyamide.


text:
Agency Issues Advice On Oysters
Food safety & handling Post-harvest
28 January 2011, at 12:00am
UK - The Food Standards Agency is reminding people about the possible risks from getting the 'winter vomiting bug' norovirus from eating raw oysters.
Eating raw oysters can carry a risk of food poisoning because shellfish can contain harmful bacteria and viruses because of the way they feed. Oysters filter large volumes of water to get their food and any bacteria and viruses that may be in the water can build up within the oyster.
Controls before and after commercial harvesting provide good protection against harmful bacteria, but it can be difficult to remove viruses from live shellfish. Thorough cooking will destroy these viruses but many shellfish are eaten raw or only lightly cooked so may still contain viruses when eaten. The FSA and the shellfish industry are continuing to work together to improve methods for removing viruses from live shellfish.
Infections linked to norovirus tend to be more common during the winter. This time last year there appeared to be an increase in the number of people, in the UK, with norovirus infections linked to eating raw oysters.
Dr Paul Cook from the FSA's Hygiene and Microbiology Division said: 'We sometimes see an increase in the number of people who get ill with norovirus from eating raw oysters at this time of year. Usually these outbreaks are not linked to any one particular source.
'Last winter, when the increase in cases was identified, the Agency wrote to food businesses supplying oysters and local authorities with oyster processing plants in their areas advising them to take additional measures to minimise the risk from norovirus where possible.
'We are reiterating this advice again and also reminding consumers of the possible risk from norovirus infections, which is associated with eating raw oysters.'
More articles on molluscs
BC shellfish growers adopt innovative traceability system
The British Columbia Shellfish Growers Association (BCSGA) has partnered with BlueTrace to improve the traceability of t…
Maine to receive $500,000 in USDA funding to support local aquaculture industry
The Gulf of Maine Research Institute (GMRI) has received a $500,000 grant from the USDA's National Institute of Food and…
Researchers find new method to convert shrimp processing waste to food
Scientists at the Philippines National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) have found a way to process shrimps' heads into food powder, potentially creating a new income stream for the shrimp industry.
The British Columbia Shellfish Growers Association (BCSGA) has partnered with BlueTrace to improve the traceability of the province's shellfish businesses.
Innovation in the live reef food fish trade
An innovative technology aims to allow consumers of coral trout – whether farmed or from the wild – to precisely trace the origin of their fish.


Does creativity have a taste? And, if it does, is it sweet or savory?
January Magazine's "Authors on Snacks" is a personal peek at what some of our most beloved authors nibble on while pushing forward on their latest work.
This time out we chat with author, R.M. Greenaway. Her first novel, Cold Girl, won the 2014 Arthur Ellis Unhanged award, was published in March 2016 and went on to be shortli sted as best first novel in 2016. Her second book in the series — Undertow — was released early in 2017.
When writing gets intense, I'll eat whatever is put in front of me. If nothing is put in front of me, I'll end up looking in the fridge and trying to get inspired. In other words, no ritual-writing foods I can name. I love popcorn, but not while writing. Too messy, and stray salt could get into the keyboard and cause a malfunction, and then what?
But at the end of the day, writing aside, a favorite show on the TV, popcorn sprinkled with Spike is a must. Minimize the melted margarine. Nutritional yeast, which is not at all as gross as it sounds, and is probably good for you, is also great on popcorn.
It's hard to say. If nothing is put in front of me, I'm pretty good. If somebody brings a bag of Miss Vickie's chips into the house … not good. My willpower isn't great. The resolve to keep a plate of vegetables and dip at hand is noble, but futile; it never lasts. It doesn't stop me from trying though.
Please tell us about Undertow.
Undertow is the second in my B.C. Blues crime series. My incompatible RCMP team first met up in the northern half of the province in Cold Girl (2016). In Undertow they're together again on British Columbia's Lower Mainland, where I mostly grew up. The stories themselves are about (naturally) murder and the solving of it, but the overarching theme of the series is teamwork, trust, corruption, buried crimes, coming to terms with the past, and the bonds of friendship that develop between my cast of characters over time.


>    to do inside your implementation of the Problem class.
>    processors, though, so this might not help your application.
>    at washing out the effects of noise as multiple testing.
> take to implement the feature itself.
>> AIs in highly complex wargames.
>> on a one core 3.5 ghz processor.
>> approximately 80 seconds up to 1000 seconds.
>> algorithms as a seemingly good fit for the problem domain.
>> just have to ask a machine to test the individual 5 times."
>> than they were created for evaluation.
>> even be willing to do the hacking.


text:
fork in state diagram
All rights reserved. The first bar is often called a fork where a single transition splits into concurrent multiple transitions. fork() vs exec() The fork system call creates a new process. If you want to represent a flow in response to external events instead, use a state machine diagram. In the Search box, type UML activity. A state diagram shows the behavior of classes in response to external stimuli. Default location (in pixel) Position of Initial State create by … A filled circle followed by an arrow represents the object's initial state. The segments going out of a fork vertex must not have guards or triggers. Note that the OCUP 2 Foundation level examination covers concurrency only in the activity diagram; concurrency in sequence and state machine diagrams is covered at the Intermediate and Advanced levels. These denote join/ fork, respectively." The segments outgoing from a fork vertex must not have guards or triggers. The obvious advantage of extended state machines is flexibility. In multitasking operating systems, processes (running programs) need a way to create new processes, e.g. Another interesting diagram which can be generated from PlantUML is a state diagram. A join node is a control node that synchronizes multiple flows.This will have multiple incoming edges and one outgoing edge. The new process created by fork() is a copy of the current process except for the returned value. In the Dictionary pane, Fork States are listed in the UML\States folder. The state diagram from Figure 2 is an example of an extended state machine, in which the complete condition of the system (called the extended state) is the combination of a qualitative aspect—the state variable—and the quantitative aspects—the extended state variables. Deferrable Trigger – A list of events that are not handled in that state but, rather, are postponed and queued for handling by the object in another state A… Certain transitions will not be applicable when an object is in a particular state, for example a product can be in a purchased state or a saved in cart state if its previous state is sold out. Fork is the primary method of process creation on Unix-like operating systems. And arrow departing from [*] would identify the initial state while and arrow pointing to [*] would identify the final state. A state diagram shows the actual changes in state, not the processes or commands that created those changes. Learn how to make one and see state diagram examples. The initial state is denoted by a filled black circle and may be labeled with a name. Statechart diagrams are useful to model the reactive systems. Concurrent State Machine Diagram Example - Auction Process In this example, the state machine first entering the Auction requires a fork at the start into two separate start threads. A solid arrow represents the path between different states of an object. In the dialog box, select either Metric Units or US Units. Each state diagram typically begins with a dark circle that indicates the initial state and ends with a bordered circle that denotes the final state. Drag on the diagram as the size of Fork. Normally, the process ID is an integer. Software Development > Rapid UML . Activity diagrams, along with use case and state machine diagrams, are considered behavior diagrams because they describe what must happen in the system being modeled. PlantUML knows that the diagram is a state diagram if it finds an initial state. A state is a condition during the life of an object which it may either satisfy some condition for performing some activities, or waiting for some events to be received. This case maps to a model containing a join node with all the incoming edges shown in the diagram and one outgoing edge to a fork node that has all the outgoing edges shown in the diagram. Next, think of the states the object might undergo. Specifically a state diagram describes the behavior of a single object in response to a series of events in a system. Simple State You can use [*] for the starting point and ending point of the state diagram.. Use --> for arrows. The diagram is a little confusing because of the way the processes (circles) correspond to the fork () calls in the loop. The segments outgoing from a fork vertex must not have guards or triggers. This behavior is represented as a series of events that can occur in one or more possible states. … You can easily illustrate a state in SmartDraw by using a rectangle with rounded corners. Select Create. Exit State – Action performed on leaving state 5. [*] is the initial/final state. diagram, and state machine diagram. Transition A state has five parts: 1. On a State Diagram, you can populate Fork States: right-click the State Machine (frame) or Sequential State that owns the Fork States, and select Populate > All States. Initial State presents a series of actions or flow of control in a system similar to a flowchart or a data flow diagram Stakeholders have many issues to manage, so it's important to communicate with clarity and brevity. [State diagram (UML). In a statechart or activity diagram, a simple transition is a relationship between two states or action states or between a state and itself. States represent situations during the life of an object. Do Activity – Action performed on entry to state 4. The best way to understand state diagrams is to look at some examples of state diagrams. This will have one incoming edge and multiple outgoing edges. The notation for a fork is a short heavy bar. And also parent and child run simultaneously so two outputs are possible. Select the UML Activity diagram. If there are two or more outgoing edges from an action … fork vertices serve to split an incoming transition into two or more transitions terminating on orthogonal target vertices (i.e., vertices in different regions of a composite state). State Diagram. This UML diagram models the dynamic flow of control from state to state of a particular object within a system. to run other programs. The following view options are available: • Show Name —specifies that the Name of the Fork State is shown. For example, in e-commerce a product will have a release or available date, a sold out state, a restocked state, placed in cart state, a saved on wish list state, a purchased state, and so on. Copyright © 2008-2020 Cinergix Pty Ltd (Australia). Fork and its variants are typically the only way of doing so in Unix-like systems. Name a Transition (Fork) shape and add other property values However, despite having clear start and end points, state diagrams are not necessarily the best tool for capturing an overall progression of events. UML state machine diagram symbols. A flowchart illustrates processes that are executed in the system that change the state of objects. With respect to StateMachine diagrams, a Fork pseudostate signifies that its incoming transition comes from a single state, and it has multiple outgoing transitions. Fork – We use a rounded solid rectangular bar to represent a Fork notation with incoming arrow from the parent state and outgoing arrows towards the newly created states. Overview. A join node is a control node that synchronizes multiple flows.This will have multiple incoming edges and one outgoing edge.. Read More. Label the transition with the event that triggered it and the action that results from it. In statechart diagrams, as shown in Figure 4.47, we work with the following elements: Initial State. Concurrent State Machine Diagram Example — Auction Process In this example, the state machine first entering the Auction requires a fork at the start into two separate start threads. Each substate has an exit state to mark the end of the thread.
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2020 fork in state diagram


text:
Specialty Drug Users May Feel Co-pay Pain
The Affordable Care Act might not make care much more affordable for some Californians who need expensive prescription drugs to treat chronic illnesses or just to stay alive.
The health plans to be marketed in the California insurance exchange, established under President Barack Obama's health reform law, will follow the lead of Medicare and a growing number of commercial insurers by charging co-insurance payments ranging from 10 to 30 percent on a number of high-cost "specialty" drugs. These include medications for treating rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, breast cancer, leukemia and other conditions.
Advocates for the sick are unhappy that Covered California has decided to adopt this model, which imposes much higher costs on many patients than more traditional policies that offer the drugs for a flat co-payment.
"It's disappointing that the state is in a way institutionalizing what we believe is a practice that harms those who are in the greatest medical need," says Lisa Nelson, director of state government affairs for the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society.
Whether sick patients would be financially worse off in the exchange depends on their current insurance coverage -- and on which of the four basic exchange plans they choose, since each has different premiums, co-insurance levels and annual caps on patient out-of-pocket spending.
Covered California's spokesman, Dana Howard, said the exchange officials had to balance several important factors, and in the end they believed the decisions they made were "the most feasible way to provide health plans that are affordable both in terms of premiums and cost sharing." He noted that lower-income people, who would be most affected by the high drug costs, are also the ones who will benefit the most from subsidies intended to reduce their premiums and out-of-pocket costs.
Sonja Radovic, a 45-year-old working mother of two who was diagnosed with breast cancer five years ago, would not qualify for any of those subsidies. She said her expense for Feraston, a hormonal drug, could skyrocket by as much as 10 times should she ever need to buy coverage through the exchange -- from the current $860 a year to $8,600 under the plan with the lowest premium.
She is confident that her employer, a small business with 11 employees, will keep its current coverage, though that could conceivably change should the economy sour again. "What part of 'Affordable' are they not understanding?" Radovic asks. "And that's just on one drug. What about other even more expensive specialty drugs?"
Feraston is far from the most expensive medication. The average cost of treating a variety of cancers with one of five specialty drugs is $3,682 per month, or $44,184 a year, according to Express Scripts, the giant St. Louis-based pharmacy benefit-management company. For multiple sclerosis, the average cost is $3,584 per month, and for hepatitis C the monthly price tag is $3,284.
Kalydeco, the only effective therapy for cystic fibrosis, can carry a price tag of up to $180,000 per year, says Suzanne J. Tschida, a vice president at Optum RX, a Minnesota-based pharmacy benefit-management company whose main operations are in Irvine.
In 2012, specialty drugs accounted for 24.5 percent of all U.S. prescription drug spending, even though less than 2 percent of the population is affected by the related illnesses, according to Express Scripts.
Still, if you are one of the unlucky 2 percent and you're paying 20 or 30 percent of even the somewhat-less-stratospherically-priced drugs, it could quickly overwhelm your household budget. For plans in Covered California, the amount patients must pay out of their own pockets each year before their insurers will cover 100 percent of their medical expenses is as high as $6,350 for individual plans and $12,700 for family plans.
"I think it shows that these benefits designs essentially discriminate against people who have these serious illnesses," says Dan Mendelson, CEO of Avalere Health Inc., a Washington, D.C.-based medical data company.
An Avalere study showed that when monthly out-of-pocket payments hit $100, 10 percent of patients stopped filling their prescriptions. At $500 a month, 25 percent stopped. That can lead to sicker patients and an even greater financial burden on the health care system down the line, many observers argue.
Not everybody buying coverage in the exchange will be affected equally. In Covered California's second least-expensive plan, individuals with incomes between $15,856 and $22,980 will face much lower co-insurance payments, reduced or no deductibles and an out-of-pocket maximum of just $2,250. Howard acknowledges that it might still be "a strain" for those people to cope with their medical expenses, but "we think this $2,250 annual limit on their payments will help many avoid bankruptcy."
Mendelson notes that Covered California did not invent this type of health-plan design. It is merely following a trend that started with Medicare's Part D drug benefit and has been adopted in recent years by many commercial insurers. The proportion of private commercial plans that make enrollees pay a percentage of specialty drug costs rather than a flat dollar co-payment rose from 14 percent in 2008 to 34 percent last year, according to Avalere.
"In some ways, the implementation (of such plans) by the exchange makes the affordability of specialty drugs a more visible problem, but it's not introducing a new problem for the people who need these drugs," says Ha Tu, a senior researcher at the Center for Studying Health System Change, a Washington, D.C.-based think tank.
Joan W. Clements, a 70-year-old Costa Mesa resident who was diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia nearly 12 years ago, knows that as well as anybody. She has been kept alive for more than a decade by Gleevec, a revolutionary drug that has turned her disease from fatal to manageable. Over the past decade, Clements has seen the total cost of her Gleevec nearly double, from $6,000 to $11,000 a month.
With a 30 percent co-insurance payment under her Medicare drug plan, and a gap in coverage known as the "donut hole," Clements' out-of-pocket payments for the drug would be unaffordable on the modest Social Security income that she and her husband, Jerry, receive each month. Luckily for her, Novartis, which manufactures Gleevec, provides a subsidy to cover the amount that Medicare doesn't. Otherwise, says Clements, "I would be dead."
Nelson, of the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, says California could have chosen differently. She notes that the insurance exchange in New York limits patient liability on specialty drugs to a flat dollar co-payment that tops out at $70 per prescription.
Tu argues that such a generous benefit will lead to a spike in premiums that will deter the young and the healthy from buying insurance and create an ever-sicker pool of insured people whose medical needs will only reinforce the escalating cost of insurance. In California, that is unlikely to happen, she says, though the high co-insurance payments are "a horrible thing for people who are sick."
Why some drugs cost so much...
By 2019 or 2020, specialty medications are expected to account for half of all drug spending. Managing their fast-rising costs is key to keeping health insurance premiums affordable for all.
Sources: Express Scripts; Ha Tu, Center for Studying Health System Change; Avalere Health Inc.
Contact the writer: 714-796-2440 or bwolfson@ocregister.com
Posted by Tyrone Squires, MBA, CPBS at 12:17:00 PM
States Scramble to Drive Down Medicaid Drug Costs
Without action, a one-way ticket to rising drug co...
Video: Specialty Drugs are a Critical Focus for P...
MCOs' Shifting Control Over Office-Administered Pr...


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15. Re: is it possible to query anonymous classes in oracle sem. tech.?
16. Re: is it possible to query anonymous classes in oracle sem. tech.?
but after I checked the table in my database, I got nothing loaded in. thanks.
17. Re: is it possible to query anonymous classes in oracle sem. tech.?
Just add a "model.close();" before the end of the main method. It will commit the transaction for you.
18. Re: is it possible to query anonymous classes in oracle sem. tech.?
excellent! it works. the triples are loaded and I can query the loaded triples. thanks a lot for your help.
19. Re: is it possible to query anonymous classes in oracle sem. tech.?
20. Re: is it possible to query anonymous classes in oracle sem. tech.?
I am not sure what you meant by "cannot query." That qexec.execSelect() API call returned results, right?
The following code in the example is to clean things up. You don't want this for your application.
21. Re: is it possible to query anonymous classes in oracle sem. tech.?
I mean the code for automatic loading ontology into the table provided in jena examples in the dev. guide. it can load the ontology into a table. but the query won't return results to me. in contrast, the new code you put in the previous posts can load ontology and the same query also can return the correct results to me. good work. thanks a lot for help.


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text:
Westminster Debate 'Turkish Democracy Today: Yet Another Test of 'Democracy without Democrats' Hypothesis'
EventsWestminster Debates
By Buket Bora	 Last updated May 14, 2018
This public forum was kindly hosted and co-chaired by Stephen Kinnock, Labour MP for Aberavon. Keynote speaker was Dr Yilmaz Esmer, Professor of Political Science at Bahcesehir University in Istanbul. The event was held on 24 May 2016, in the House of Commons and it focused on the idea that a strong correlation exists between citizens' mindsets and the nature of the political regimes. This line of thinking can be traced back to Plato, and emphasises the crucial role of the prevalence of democratic values for the long-term sustainability of a democratic system of government. In recent years there has been a steady decline in Turkey's rankings on all dimensions of democracy and rule of law. The public forum examined the relationship between the state of affairs as expressed in studies published by international organisations and the political culture of Turkish society.
Stephen Kinnock opened by illustrating the need to look at how Turkey has been for the last number of years and where it is going in the way of values, beliefs, and the political landscape. Dr Yilmaz Esmer said that Turkish democracy is no longer a joking matter. In fact, when one speaks of Turkish democracy, the word should be in quotation marks. It was become a process of selection, not election, in which one candidate has been elected unanimously. Dr Yilmaz then discussed Turkey's position in democratic ratings, which give an idea about Turkey and the international community in terms of civic liberties, freedoms, and political rights. In the Rule of Law Index, Turkey is ranked eighty. In the Economist Intelligence Unit Democracy Index (2015) Turkey has dropped significantly in recent years. It shows that the political culture and functioning of government are closely correlated. What is responsible for this?, Dr Yilmaz asked. Dr Yilmaz said that people's mentality is a more important factor than institutions, leaders, laws, and constitutions.
The mentality, mindset and political habits of society are related to the well-functioning of the government. Culture matters, and it matters a lot, Dr Yildiz claimed. Quoting Welzel & Ingleheart (2009), he said 'democracy is fragile when it is a democracy without democrats'. There are severe problems with how Turkish democracy has been practices, Dr Yildiz explained, and not just legal problems, leadership problems, or problems of mindsets. When asked if it was good to have a strong leader who does not have parliament or elections, 60% of people answered in the positive (good or very good). 60% of people would never sign a petition, compared to only 10% who have signed a petition in the past. Turkey also gave extremely low levels of tolerance and gender equality. In regards to interpersonal trust there was only a level of 12%. Inter-personal trust is extremely important, Dr Yildiz explained, to democratic system of government and trust in elections. Dr Yildiz expressed that his findings suggested that religion was a possible factor in this outcome.
The keynote speech was followed by a Q&A session which was chaired by Mr Gareth Winrow.
Summarised by Eilis O'Connell.
Prof Dr Yilmaz Esmer received his B.A. degree from Yale and his Ph.D. from Stanford Universities in the US. His research and publications focus on political culture, comparative values, religion (Islam in particular) and politics, voting behaviour, and Turkish society and politics. He has been the principal investigator for Turkey of the World Values Survey project since 1990 and has served on the Executive Committee of the World Values Survey Association. Currently, he is the vice-chair of the Scientific Advisory Board of WVSA. He has also conducted surveys in Turkey for international surveys programs such as the European Social Survey, European Values Study, Transformation Research Unit and the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems. He has served as Provost at Bogazici University and Rector (Vice Chancellor) at Bahcesehir University in Istanbul. Prof. Esmer is a member of the Science Academy in Turkey. Dr Esmer has authored numerous books and articles. Recent publications include The International System, Democracy and Values (2009) (co-edited with Thorleif Pettersson). Uppsala, Uppsala University Press; "Diversity and Tolerance: Rhetoric versus Reality" (2010) in Janssens, Maddy, et al., eds., The Sustainability of Cultural Diversity: Nations, Cities and Organizations. Cheltenhaum, U.K. and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. 131-155; "Elite and Mass Values: Religion as an Intervening Factor" (2010) in Van Beek, Ursula J., ed., Democracy under Scrutiny: Elites, Citizens, Cultures. Opladen and Farmington Hills, MI, USA: Barbara Budrich Publishers. 221-240; "Democracy, Civil Society and Islam" (2013) in Dekker, Paul, Loek Halman and Joep de Hart, eds. Religion and Civil Society in Europe. Springer; "Economic Crisis and Political Polarization: A Challenge to Civic Culture?" (2015) Taiwan Journal of Democracy, vol. 11, no 1, 129-46.
Bahcesehir UniversityCEFTUSDemocracyIslamProf Dr Yilmaz EsmerStephen Kinnock MPTurkey
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Alphonse Tram (Gerard Depardieu) discovers his casual subway acquaintance dead with his penknife sticking out of his belly. When he tries to report the crime to his neighbor, a police inspector (Bernard Blier), he refuses to listen. Later, Alphonse's wife is killed, and her hapless murderer (Jean Carmet) confesses to Alphonse, but neither Alphonse nor the police inspector seem shocked.
Winner of the Best Screenplay Award at the Cesar Awards.
Not since Chaplin's Modern Times has a film explored the consequences of industrialization so vividly. And Buffet Froid is just as funny.
French screwball comedy with pretentions. Good to see the old gang at work.


text:
DC's Legends of Tomorrow: The CW Releases New Poster and Trailer
by Jessica Pena, December 4, 2015
DC's Legends of Tomorrow isn't premiering until January, but The CW has released a new poster and trailer for the upcoming superhero series.
Legends of Tomorrow follows a group of DC comic book characters that have to team together to save the world from Vandal Savage, an immortal supervillain.
The series stars a large ensemble cast that includes Arthur Darvill as Rip Hunter, Victor Garber as Dr. Martin Stein, and Casper Crump as Vandal Savage.
Recently, it was reported that Matt Ryan's Constantine character may join the series in season two. But another report speculated that the series may not make it to another season.
The first season will begin airing on The CW on January 21st.
Take a look at the new poster and trailer below:
What do you think? Will you be tuning in for the premiere of DC's Legends of Tomorrow?
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DC's Legends of Tomorrow: CW Flash/Arrow Crossover Sets Up New Series


text:
Черне́нко (розм. Черне́нки́) — село Сартанської селищної громади Маріупольського району Донецької області України. Відстань до Новоазовська становить близько 36 км і проходить автошляхом місцевого значення.

Загальні відомості
Трохи більше за 1 км від села проходить автодорога з Павлополя до Маріуполя, до якого щогодини курсують рейсові автобуси.

Через річку землі села межують із територією Тельманівського району (Чермалицька сільська рада, село Орловське).

Населення
За даними перепису 2001 року населення села становило 16 осіб, із них 93,75 % зазначили рідною мову українську та 6,25 % — російську.

Примітки

Посилання
 Погода Черненко

Маріупольська агломерація
Села Маріупольського району

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Recent developments in Ethiopia have seen a centralisation of all coffee exports through the recently established Ethiopia Commodity Exchange (ECX). It is now virtually impossible to provide accurate information of the precise traceability of coffees as lots are anonymised upon arrival at the Exchange. This makes it harder, but also easier. It means the cupping for quality is what counts, not names or any baggage.
In the "ECX" you cannot buy 'Peaberry', so it has to be sorted from a number of lots bought there. This comes from a number of lots, mainly from Borena and Guji.
Very clean, chocolate, smooth, long aftertaste.