text:
Hoping for some news on next AAU1 Beta or a final AAU1 release
Aircraft & Avionics I Beta General Feedback & Discussion
BigCow74 January 25, 2023, 5:59pm #1
Each of the last three weeks has had an AAU1 Beta update, so here's hoping we get a fourth consecutive week with either the next/final Beta or the actual AAU1 release. It's been pretty quiet and the last Beta update had very few changes, so I'm of the opinion that the next release might be the final release… Any rumors out there?
PetrPodzimekCze January 26, 2023, 5:36am #2
I hope last week update is not final version because it looks like Xbox LOD bug is back.
I don't see any information here in discussion whether reported issue is logged/approved for fix or ignored.
Also the silence is weird.
They want from us feedback on delivered changes while they don't provide any feedback to us.
This forum is full of reported issues without any "voice of developers". Reporting Zendesk issue is the same.
It's like "Talking to the mute." or they don't care.
DeWayne911 January 26, 2023, 5:59am #3
You would think that they would be excited about updates that are making the Sim better.
MSFS use to give us hope. Or
Maybe they just don't want to let us down anymore. You know how hard the community can be.
GAParadise January 26, 2023, 7:40am #4
Release will be today according to my crystal ball
CplPhokett January 26, 2023, 8:26am #5
Or at least a hint of when it's coming.
They can't keep, or need to stop giving us "release windows" without solid confirmation.
As much as the Roadmap Jorg showed last year makes me giddy, I don't have high hopes.
sehnsedahamses January 26, 2023, 8:37am #6
So your crystal is either worth billions or for the bucket.
Tomorrow we will know .
GhostlyFrend January 26, 2023, 8:40am #7
What about a quiet 2023, with a few SU's that have an extensive beta flight, and don't have a promised release date. It's just ready when it is. Not too soon, not too late, but exactly when they mean to.
No more need to ask when we get it, no more disappointment and criticism when they fail to meet their own deadlines.
Wouldn't that be just great?
UnitedArt January 26, 2023, 8:58am #8
PetrPodzimekCze:
I hope last week update is not final version because it looks like Xbox LOD bug is back
No, it's not. There's an thread where this claim gets invalidates.
BenMapp January 26, 2023, 3:43pm #9
Yeah that would be nice! but I'm sure between the next su and wu they'll do a lovely job of breaking something again…
EnsiFerrum666 January 26, 2023, 4:09pm #10
Slightly OT,
I hope for some cool additions to the MP for my XBox friends:
Homerun795429 January 26, 2023, 5:41pm #11
Reminds me of Rockstar Games' way of doing things, just say it'll be ready when it's ready and don't overpromise. When we don't have a date or time frame in our heads, we move on to other things and it's a pleasant surprise when a date is actually dropped.
BigCow74 January 26, 2023, 6:33pm #12
Hmmm… Forums down for some back-end maintenance??? Well my conspiracy theory is they are setting up to archive all of the AAU1 Beta feedback and open up new threads for the new features, and then spring the AAU1 release on us!
PetrPodzimekCze January 26, 2023, 6:59pm #13
I do not think so. This can be done "on-fly". Maintenance not.
Bishop398 January 26, 2023, 7:10pm #14
The latest Dev Blog said it would be released in later in January, and well, January is not yet over.
No special information to offer here, other than pointing out there are still five-ish days left in the previously mentioned release window.
You guys aren't helping perpetuate my conspiracy theory…
Crunchmeister71 January 26, 2023, 7:20pm #16
I had posited that it would likely launch this week. Last week's beta update had no new features and only minor, back end bug fixes. Typically, an update like that means they're done and ready to launch. In past betas, when we got that last beta that had next to nothing (comparatively) done to it, it was usually the last beta and that was the build that would be pushed the following week. And I expected we'd have gotten it this past Tuesday.
But we haven't gotten any new beta this week, and the main branch hasn't been updated yet. SteamDb shows no activity that would suggest it's coming today. So I'm not sure what's going on. And we'll never know.
So apparently was I wrong (wouldn't be the first time). So it will launch when it launches. That's all anyone outside the inner circle knows.
XAxSys January 26, 2023, 8:54pm #17
My take is that AAU1 Release will hit when the SU12 BETA starts (next week or the week after)
See this: https://www.flightsimulator.blog/2023/01/25/sim-update/
SeedyL3205 January 26, 2023, 9:00pm #18
CplPhokett:
Hello @CplPhokett,
We have previously announced that AAU1 is targeted for a full release prior the end of this month. That information has not changed.
MSFS Team
CplPhokett January 26, 2023, 9:05pm #19
I understand that, but the fact we don't have a concrete date is a bit concerning is all.
We can expect Tuesday.


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In order to create this one of a kind live show, Chessington World of Adventures Resort has teamed up with Europe's leading special effects and animatronics designers – Millennium FX –to create the stars of the Pandamonium show; an incredibly life like animatronic Panda family. Millennium FX - who house multi award winning artists with numerous BAFTA and Royal Television Society awards across a number of categories including special effects - proved the perfect partner for this project and the creative teams at Chessington are delighted to have joined forces with the Millennium FX team.
Pandamonium - A UK First!
The Pandamonium Live Show itself is a world first! Never before has a theme Park launched a show starring animatronic animals, let alone life-size and life like pandas! This show will give families a one of a kind experience; guests will not believe their eyes as they are given the opportunity to get closer to these amazing animals than would ever be possible anywhere else in the UK. As a Theme Park and a Zoo Chessington are always looking for ways to push the boundaries of the guest experience, this one of a kind show will give guests an interaction with pandas that they will have never before experienced.
Chessington are hoping that the up close experience will raise awareness and a passion for conservation for these endangered animals. With a brand new stage area situated next to the newly revamped Trail of the Kings attraction, you will sit just feet away from what appears to be living breathing pandas, everything from the way they move to the noises they make will have you believing they are real. Audiences will be in awe of the enormous Mummy and Daddy panda as they roam the new stage and will undoubtedly go 'awww' when the sweet little baby pandas make their debut. However like real life pandas, Chessington's pack have some mischief up their sleeve and as they cause complete chaos on stage, the whole family will be roaring with laughter at the mayhem which follows.


text:
Храм Святой великомученицы Екатерины — действующий приходской храм д. Гадичево Гомельского района Гомельской области. Включён в список историко-культурного наследия Республики Беларусь и является культурной ценностью республиканского значения второй категории.

История
Храм заложен в 1822 году по проекту английского архитектора Джона Кларка, работавшего в Гомеле в 1800—1826 годах. Средства на строительство выделил канцлер Российской империи граф Николай Петрович Румянцев. В 1853 году храм был освящен во имя Святой великомученицы Екатерины.

Во время советской власти церковь была закрыта, переоборудована под клуб. С неё был снят купол, внутри здания была сделана сцена. В 1986 году прихожане в письме к патриарху Пимену просили возобновить церковь, а уже в 1989 году Митрополит Минский и Слуцкий, Патриарший Экзарх всея Беларуси Филарет вновь освятил Свято-Екатерининскую церковь.

Архитектура и убранства храма
Церковь построена в архитектурном стиле классицизма. Примером подобгого стиля, анологичного для Свято-Екатерининского храма, является Свято-Петро-Павловский собор в Гомеле.

Примечания

Литература
 Праваслаўныя храмы Беларусі : энцыклапедычны даведнік / А. М. Кулагін. — Мінск, 2007.
 Праваслаўныя храмы на Беларусі : энцыклапедычны даведнік / А. М. Кулагін. — Мінск, 2001.
 Книга Память Гомельского района Т.2, БЕЛТА г. Минск 1998 г. ISBN 985-6302-10-2

Ссылки
 Сайт «Prihod.ru»
 Сайт «Православная архитектура Беларуси»
 Сайт «Православие. By»

Гадичево
Архитектура классицизма
Гомельский район

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text:
Françoise Ravel as Lourdin
Description Baltimore artist Alfred Jacob Miller is known primarily for his paintings of the American West, but his interests extended beyond this subject. A prolific sketcher, he filled many journals with drawings and captions from the time he was studying in Paris and Rome (1833) until the 1870's. The interests of Miller are clearly reflected in these sketches: the theater (a large portion being quick figure drawings of the Ravel Pantomime Troupe), studies of works by the Old Masters, literary illustrations, childhood memories, Baltimore scenery, and witty scenes of characters. Depicted here is one of the original members of the Ravel PantomimeTroupe, a french family that toured America in the middle of the 19th century. The french pantomimes performed in multiple theatres in Baltimore. The shows included tight-rope dancing, ballet, and balancing acts in addition to the pantomime. The plots were so complex they were compared to those of the Italian Opera. As someone who frequented the shows, Miller has provided a view that is almost otherwise unrecorded.
Provenance Alfred Jacob Miller, Jr.; Norton Asner, Baltimore, 1959 [mode of acquisition unknown]; Mrs. Milton T. Edgerton, Jr. [date and mode of acquisition unknown]; Walters Art Museum, June 11, 1968, by gift.
Credit Gift of Mrs. Milton T. Edgerton, Jr., 1968
Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874) (Painter)
watercolor on cream-colored paper
H: 9 x W: 6 1/2 in. (22.9 x 16.5 cm)
USA (Place of Origin)

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text:
GET THE PICTURE??????
Posted on Feb 9th 2010 by Administrator.
Stop selling unlicensed natural health remedies: pharmacy regulators
Tom Blackwell – National Post
The National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities (NAPRA) says pharmacists cannot be assured the products are safe until they are granted a government licence.
Makers of natural-health products say they are bracing for widespread layoffs and millions of dollars in losses after Canada's pharmacy regulators issued a surprise directive recently urging druggists to stop selling unlicensed natural remedies.
The order affects thousands of herbal treatments, multi-vitamins and other products, most of them waiting for approval from Health Canada under a backlogged, five-year-old program to regulate natural-health goods.
The National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities (NAPRA) says pharmacists cannot be assured the products are safe until they are granted a government licence, and should not sell them in those circumstances. "Pharmacists are obliged to hold the health and safety of the public or patient as their first and foremost consideration," said the association's recently issued position statement.
Representatives of the natural health industry, however, have reacted angrily to the directive issued last month, predicting it will have little impact on patient safety, while triggering an economic "crisis" for their members.
"We are talking about job loss, we are talking about a lot of income loss, we are talking about product stuck in warehouses that cannot be sold," Jean-Yves Dionne, a spokesman for the Canadian Health Food Association, said in an interview.
A statement issued by the association calls the directive self-serving and contrary to federal government policy.
"It has taken a sledge hammer to a finishing nail," the group said. "It will create confusion for consumers. It is the wrong thing to do.
" NAPRA is comprised of representatives of the provincial colleges of pharmacy that regulate the profession. It is now up to the individual provinces to implement the statement. The Ontario and Quebec colleges have already done so, with Ontario pressing pharmacists to not buy or order any more of the affected products, and its neighbour pushing for druggists to also remove unlicensed product already on their shelves, Mr. Dionne said.
Pharmacies, as surprised by the directive as anyone, are caught in the middle, said Jeff Poston of the Canadian Pharmacists Association.
"One of the questions that everybody is asking in the pharmacy world is, 'Why now?' As far as people can determine, nothing has significantly changed."
A spokesman for NAPRA was not available for comment.
The controversy revolves around Health Canada's natural-health products regime, launched in 2004 to vet treatments that had been virtually unregulated before, in a new system some critics said was still too lax. As it ploughed through tens of thousands of applications for licences, the department said manufacturers could continue selling their products, so long as they had at least applied for approval.
The department has issued about 18,000 natural-health licences, while at least 10,000 products are still waiting for certification, industry representatives said. The whole process was supposed to be done by this January.
The natural-food association argues that it makes no sense for the pharmacy regulators to try to block sales of products awaiting licences, when Health Canada itself has said they can be sold pending an approval decision.
The industry is worth an estimated $1.5-billion to $2-billion a year, but many producers are small operations with sales of $1-million to $2-million annually and could be decimated by the directive, Mr. Dionne said. He cited a call he got last week from a manufacturer in Nova Scotia who sells two products — a homeopathic remedy for diabetes-related pain and a vitamin-based pill — that are waiting for approval and could be forced off the shelves.
"They are really panicking out there," he said.
Some manufacturers could sell their products in health-food stores instead, but others rely exclusively on pharmacies, said Mr. Dionne.
Gerry Harrington of Consumer Health Products Canada, another industry group that represents natural-health producers, said his members strongly support the regulations. NAPRA may be targeting others, though, who are trying to evade any government oversight, he said.
"There is a sub-set of companies out there who have no intention of complying with the regulations, who have taken advantage of the interim approach to essentially ignore the regulations," Mr. Harrington said. "Some companies have chosen … to lobby politically for an essentially unregulated or minimally regulated industry."
Meanwhile, Mr. Poston said pharmacists are pressing for the regulators to lessen the disruption by phasing in the policy.
tblackwell@nationalpost.com
Read more: http://www.nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=2534645#ixzz0f4Ox6ceB
The National Post is now on Facebook.
Join our fan community today.


text:
Q: VC7.1 C1204 internal compiler error I'm working on modifying Firaxis' Civilization 4 core game DLL. The host application is built using VC7, hence the constraint (source not provided for the host EXE).
I've been working on rewriting a large chunk of the code (focusing on low-hanging performance issues & memory leaks). I recently ran into an internal compiler error when trying to mod the code to use an array class instead of dynamically allocated 2-d arrays, I was going to use matrices from the boost lib (Civ4 is already using boost, so why not?).
Basically, the issue comes down to: if I include "boost/numeric/ublas/matrix.hpp", I run into an internal compiler error C1204.
MSDN has this to say: MSDN C1204
KB has this to say: KB 883655
So, I'm curious, is it possible to solve this error without a KB/SP being applied and dramatically reducing the complexity of the code?
Additionally, as VC7 is no longer "supported", does anyone have a valid (supported) link for a VC7 service pack?
Update:
I do not have VS2003 installed; I only have the VS2003 toolkit (i.e. the freely downloaded compiler & SDK, not the full IDE).

A: The fix for KB 883655 is available in VS 2003 SP1:

*

*VS 2003 SP1 Info

*VS 2003 SP1 download

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The design team have created a naturally beautiful and simple golf course using the topography of the existing terrain to build a course that will keep the golfer interested from start to finish.
There is no easing golfers into the game, as the first is a tricky opening hole. A short par five the hole plays slightly downhill, positioning is vital to set up a good chance of making a birdie. The real choice comes with the second shot, leaving the golfer to decide whether to try and clear the stream that splits the fairway or to lay short and leave a slightly longer approach into the green.
The third is a superbly designed hole that doglegs to the right. From the tee finding the fairway is essential and being far enough down the left side is vital to leave a view of the green for the approach.
Fantastic views await on the elevated tee of the 13th. The fairway which meanders through the trees is narrow before widening to accommodate a strategically positioned bunker in the centre of the fairway. A great chance of making birdie at this downhill short par four.
The par three fifteenth is stunning, bunkers protect the small green, but it is the sculpturing of the hole that really excites.
The next is a short testing par five played between a tight avenue of towering trees. The second shot presents the golfer with a chance to get home in two, but positioning and guts are a must.
Although not a particular long golf course, the golfer is tested throughout. The designers have used the terrain cleverly to provide a continual test of skill and accuracy, with course management and strategy at the forefront of the golfers mind when playing at Permata Sentul.
Permata Sentul is served by a superb clubhouse, which although small in size provides the golfer with everything that they could need before or after a round on this stunningly beautiful golf course.
The restaurant delivers exceptional international cuisine and diners look out over the fantastic practice facilities that the golf club has to offer.
This is perhaps one of the lesser known golf courses, but it is well worth a visit.
It's easy to book a tee time at Permata Sentul Golf in Jakarta and you can enjoy great discounts as well if you use our simple booking engine.
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Our Xitanium programmable window LED drivers ensure OEMs have complete flexibility and control in producing high quality luminaires. Available in application dedicated form factors, our LED point drivers provide further customization via wide operating windows. Additionally, almost all drivers feature the following specifications: SELV, temperature derating,hot wiring, providing OEMs the tools to produce, and even alter later if necessary, premium downlights and spotlights.


You are getting older and your hairline and appearance are becoming more important. You have been told that you are going to look like your maternal grandfather and have the same hair pattern. He has just a rim of hair and is completely bald on top. Hope is not lost.
Hair loss has been around forever and the good news is that science has come along way to helping the situation. Genetics does predispose one for hair loss but if caught early it can be greatly reduced. First, medical management can work and slow it down significantly. One of the main contributors to hair loss is DHT or dihydrotestosterone that has been to be toxic to the hair follicle on the scalp. Apparently, the hair follicles on the top of the head are the most susceptible to it. This is more profound or worse if you have a family history of severe hair loss-the hair follicles are programmed differently and are more sensitive to DHT. So, one of the main ways to reduce hair loss is to prevent the conversion of testosterone to DHT with finasteride or Propecia. This medication blocks the enzyme that does the conversion. This medication has been around for over two decades with good results.
Another options to reduce hair loss include minoxidil or Rogaine, low level laser therapy, supplements and platelet rich plasma (PRP). Each of these treatments work by different mechanisms and in combination give the best results in maintaining hair and making it more healthy.
So, the best course of action is to address the hair loss in the beginning and one can avoid the hair loss pattern of your grandfather down the road.


A comfortable apartment to share for short stays. A calm and quiet environment.
My place is situated in a popular neighborhood right in the middle of Buenos Aires City, surrounded by lots of shops, food places, buses and metro.
The apartment is shared, since I also live and work here. It's a great high rise apartment, on floor 30, with great sights.
There's a full bathroom, a kitchen, a living and dining room, office area and my own bedroom with a double bed.
There's also a very comfortable sofa bed to sleep, in the living room.
Feel free to contact me if you have any questions! I'm here to help.
No smoking, pets or other visitors are allowed to the complex or the apartment.
Caballito neighborhood is a traditional and popular area in the middle of the City of Buenos Aires.
Full of local restaurants, cafes, bars and fast-food chains, shops of all kind, parks and lots of transit: buses, metro, trains, taxis, Uber and Cabify, Caballito is a great neighborhood to explore and enjoy during your stay in Buenos Aires City.
The traditional Rivadavia Park is less than a mile away, as well as Centenario Park (with a water mirror) -if you want to relax surrounded by green, go for a run or just get in touch with fiendly locals.


Everyone wants their projects to run smoothly and be a success. Increase your chances of success by asking these 10 questions at the beginning of a project.
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The answers to these 10 questions can set the tone for a successful project and help avoid the stops and starts that occur when the front end of a project is overlooked.


Record-low mortgage rates have helped boost nationwide home equity levels to their highest point since the third quarter of 2008, Bloomberg News reported. Homeowner equity was 41 percent of U.S. residential property value in the first quarter, and it rose faster in the last quarter than it has at any point in the last 60 years.
The gain can be attributed to a combination of falling home prices, stricter lending standards and homeowners putting more down on their homes in an effort to refinance, according to Bloomberg. Residential mortgage debt has fallen 7 percent from its 2006 peak of $10.6 trillion, and the value of properties has decreased 23 percent in that time.


text:
Harkin offers two food safety-related proposals
OCTOBER 10TH, 2007 | Harkin for Senate
by MEAT&POULTRY Staff
WASHINGTON — Senator Tom Harkin of Iowa, chairman of the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry, said he will again mandate a presidential commission on food safety in the farm bill being drafted in the Senate. The commission was created in the 2002 farm bill but was never constituted.
"The government panel announced by the White House earlier this year will review only importehttps://www.tomharkin.com/files/2007/10/10/d foods, a shortsighted goal given the increasing number of food safety recalls happening with food produced in the united states," Mr. Harkin said. "But to examine the safety of both importehttps://www.tomharkin.com/files/2007/10/10/d and domestically produced food, comprehensive recommendations from a food safety commission are needed. the farm bill i am working on in the senate will include a presidential commission to examine the entire system."
Separate from the farm bill process, Mr. Harkin introduced Sept. 20 the Fresh Produce Safety Act of 2007 that would provide the Food and Drug Administration the authority to make its current voluntary guidelines on the handling of fresh produce mandatory. The bill was cosponsored by Senator Richard Durbin of Illinois and Senator Herb Kohl of Wisconsin.
Mr. Harkin acknowledged industry groups have taken steps to restore consumer confidence.
"But this regional, patchwork approach is simply not adequate," he said. "We need a national program to ensure the safety of all fresh produce in every supermarket in America."
The bill would require produce companies follow food safety guidelines that currently are voluntary. The legislation would require national standards tailored to specific types of produce and the particular risk factors arising from the way each is grown and handled. It would require increased inspections of operations that grow and process fresh produce. It would establish a surveillance system to identify and stop the sources of fresh produce contamination of produce, and a research program to aid in understanding and preventing contamination of produce. Imported produce would be held to the same standards as produce grown in the United States.
The increased inspections would be conducted on the basis of risk assessment, with processing facilities or grower operations differentiated into low-risk, medium-risk and high-risk enterprises according to what is handled and the track record of the facilities.
The bill also would require more scrupulous recordkeeping and ensure the F.D.A. has prompt and unfettered access to relevant company records.
Click here for the original story on MeatNews.com
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Senator Harkin's Victory Speech
11/05/2008 – 10:45 AM
The Quad City Times Endorses Tom Harkin
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10/28/2008 – 01:55 PM
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Endorsements and a New TV Ad
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Iowa Sen. Harkin wins fifth term
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Tom Harkin: Clearly, The Better Choice for Iowans
Harkin, Loebsack Incumbents In The Senate And House Get The Nod To Return To Washington.


Once the Palace where the Kandyan royal concubines were housed and also known as 'Pallevahala' now features royal regalia and reminders of pre-European Sinhalese life. One of the most impressive exhibits is Rajasinha II's golden crown. The tall-pillared audience hall hosted the convention of Kandyan chiefs that ceded the kingdom to Britain in 1815. One of the displays is a copy of the 1815 agreement that handed over the Kandyan provinces to British rule.


text:
__БЕЗКН__

-{Papilio chikae}- је врста лептира из породице једрилаца (лат. -{Papilionidae}-).

Распрострањење
Филипини су једино познато природно станиште врсте.

Станиште
Врста -{Papilio chikae}- има станиште на копну.

Угроженост
Ова врста се сматра угроженом.

Референце

Литература
 -{IUCN}- црвена листа угрожених врста, детаљнији подаци о врсти

Спољашње везе

Papilio
Угрожени таксони


text:
71 editions
The history of the Festival
Practical Guide
Actress PORTUGAL
Leonor SILVEIRA
© CARLOS RAMOS
Leonor Silveira made her film debut in 1989 playing the lead in Manoel de Oliveira's The Cannibals. She became his muse and went on to play strong parts in eighteen of his films, most of which were presented at Cannes. The heroine of Abraham Valley in 1993, she then shared the billing with Catherine Deneuve, John Malkovich, Marcello and Chiara Mastroianni, Michel Piccoli and Irene Papas in The Convent, Anxiety, The Letter, I'm Going Home… She has also worked with other Portuguese directors: João Botelho, Joaquim Pinto, Luís Galvão Teles and Vicente Jorge Silva. In 1998, she began working for the Ministry for Culture before joining the Film, Audiovisual and Multimedia Institute, becoming its Vice President in 2005.
Films presented at Cannes
O ESTRANHO CASO DE ANGÉLICA THE STRANGE CASE OF ANGELICA 2010 Un Certain Regard Actor
O PRINCÍPIO DA INCERTEZA 2002 In Competition – Feature Films Actor
VOU PARA CASA 2001 In Competition – Feature Films Actor
A CARTA 1999 In Competition – Feature Films Actor
INQUIETUDE 1998 Special Screenings Actor
VIAGEM AO PRINCIPIO DO MUNDO 1997 Special Screenings Actor
O CONVENTO 1995 In Competition – Feature Films Actor
NAO O A VA GLORIA DE MANDAR 1990 Out of Competition Actor
OS CANIBAIS 1988 In Competition – Feature Films Actor
Member - Cinéfondation & Short Films - 2009
Director, Actor, Script Writer
Humberto SOLAS
Director, Writer, Producer, Script Writer, Director
Director, Writer, Producer
Pietro GERMI
Director, Script Writer
Sergey BONDARCHUK
Vincent HAASSER
Director, Actor
From May 14 to 25, keep up with the 72nd
Festival de Cannes on its dedicated event website
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text:
Steven Tyler forms first serious band
Steven Tyler forms his first serious band, The Strangeurs, in Sunapee, NH, in which he is the drummer. He later changed the band's name to Chain... Read more
"Marriage Italian-Style" Is Released
Marriage Italian-Style (Italian: Matrimonio all'italiana) is a 1964 film which tells the story of a successful businessman who kept a woman as his... Read more
James Black Discovers Propranolol
Black took his idea to ICI and in 1958 he was invited to join the company. In 1964, his method yielded the discovery of propranolol, the first of a... Read more
Dedication of John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway
The John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway (also known as JFK Memorial Highway) is a 59-mile (95 km) section of Interstate 95 traversing northeastern... Read more
Kellogg's Pop-Tarts Are Introduced
Pop-Tarts is the brand for a flat, rectangular, pre-baked toaster pastry made by the Kellogg Company. Pop-Tarts have a sugary filling sealed inside... Read more
General Nguyen Khanh Seizes Power in Saigon
On November 1, 1963, he joined General Dương Văn Minh and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) generals in a coup d'etat against President... Read more
George W. Bush Attends Yale University
Bush attended Yale University from 1964 to 1968, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in history. During this time, he was a member of Delta... Read more
Ferrari Produces the 500 Superfast
The end of the top-line America series was the 1964 500 Superfast. Early in development, and even into production, these cars were to be called... Read more
Ford Corsair is First Produced
The Ford, Consul Corsair, manufactured by Ford Motor Company in the United Kingdom, was a midsize car introduced at the London Motor Show in... Read more
Cassius Clay Jr. changes his name to Muhammad Ali
Originally known as Cassius Clay, Ali changed his name after joining the Nation of Islam in 1964, subsequently converting to Sunni Islam in 1975. Read more
Aretha Franklin Releases "Unforgettable: A Tribute to Dinah Washington"
Unforgettable: A Tribute to Dinah Washington is a studio tribute album dedicated to the recently deceased singer Dinah Washington, recorded by... Read more
"The Cage", Star Trek: The Original Series' first pilot episode
"The Cage" is the original pilot episode of the original Star Trek science fiction series and resulting franchise. It was completed in early 1965... Read more
Stevie Wonder Releases Stevie at the Beach
Stevie at the Beach is the fifth album by Motown singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder released on the Tamla (Motown) label in 1964. This album—with the... Read more
Carol Channing's Debut In "Hello, Dolly!"
"She is glorious," theater critic Walter Kerr raved about Carol Channing's January 16, 1964, debut in Hello, Dolly!. Wearing a carrot-colored wig,... Read more
Twenty-fourth Amendment is ratified
Over twenty years after Atlanta textile worker "Mr. Trout" lamented his inability to vote to a WPA interviewer, collection of poll taxes in... Read more
Dr. Strangelove is Released
Dr. Strangelove, or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (commonly known as Dr. Strangelove) is a 1964 American/British black comedy... Read more
Jan 29 1964 to Feb 9 1964
IX Olympic Winter Games Held in Innsbruck, Austria
The 1964 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IX Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated in Innsbruck,... Read more
Feb 1964 to Feb 1965
The Nation of Islam make threats against Malcolm X
After leaving the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X spoke before a wide variety of audiences in the United States. He spoke at regular meetings of Muslim... Read more
Glenn Beck is Born
Glenn Beck was born in Mount Vernon, Washington in February 1964, and raised a Roman Catholic. His mother and one of his brothers committed suicide... Read more
Cassius Clay (Muhammad Ali) defeats Sonny Liston for Heavyweight Title
From 1960 to 1963, the young fighter amassed a record of 19–0, with 15 knockouts. He defeated boxers such as Tony Esperti, Jim Robinson, Donnie... Read more
"Diary Of A Chambermaid" Is Released
Diary of a Chambermaid (French: Le journal d'une femme de chambre) is a 1964 film. It is one of several French films made by Spanish-born filmmaker... Read more
Malcolm X announces his break from the Nation of Islam
On March 8, 1964, Malcolm X publicly announced his break from the Nation of Islam. He said that he was still a Muslim, but he felt the Nation of... Read more
Ford Mustang is First Produced
The Ford Mustang is an automobile manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. It was initially based on the second generation North American Ford... Read more
UCLA Beats Duke in Final Four
The 1964 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament involved 25 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of... Read more
Malcolm X meets with Martin Luther King Jr.
After leaving the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X founded Muslim Mosque, Inc., a religious organization, and the Organization of Afro-American Unity, a... Read more


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text:
Initiative 976 ($30 tabs)
Petition Download
MASS MASK DISOBEDIENCE: Watch Facebook Live tonight @ 7pm.
by Tim Eyman | Jun 25, 2020
When I'm Governor, Jim Walsh will be a key member of my team — here's why.
This year I gave Jim Walsh our Legislator of the Year Award:
When I'm Governor, Jim Walsh will be a key member of my team. He's principled, smart, and responsive to the people he represents.
Jim's update earlier today is REQUIRED READING when it comes to Inslee's Mask Mandate:
Here's the statewide mask order, issued today by the WA Health Department Director. Please read. It's only two-and-a-half pages (https://tinyurl.com/InsleeMandateMaskOrder)
As we predicted here, the Governor's appointee takes the belt-and-suspenders approach, citing two sections of RCW (43.70.130 and 70.05.070) and one WAC (246.100.036) in support of the scheme.
Weak hooks on which to hang a poorly-made garment, soaked heavy with the ooze of unconstitutional executive-branch overreach.
Please, read the order. Its language is brittle and arrogant. It's full of a tyrant's "must" and a bureaucrat's "including, but not limited to." It reeks of insecurity. With good reason.
Again, this scheme IS NOT LAW. No public hearings were held. No legislative committee reviewed it. No legislator voted on it. From what I understand, no legislator was even consulted!
The nominal author of this order was elected by no one. He is not a medical doctor. He is a bureaucrat, using bureaucratic language to justify his political boss's bidding.
I'm gonna talk about that TONIGHT (Thurs, June 25) at 7PM on Facebook live — make sure to watch it
(here's the link: Facebook.com/Tim4Gov).
My team and I are working on a forceful, results-oriented response to Inslee's latest idiocy.
In the meantime, there are ways to engage in Mass Mask Disobedience. Make sure to watch it tonight
(starting at 7PM: Facebook.com/Tim4Gov)
We've only got 6 days left to beat Jay Inslee. It will be your donations in these final days of the month that will determine if Inslee gets 4 more years or not. I ask you to please:
Please send in your most generous donation to support my campaign for Governor Tim4Gov.com. As I've proven to you already, I will put every ounce of energy I have fighting for you. And your contributions are the fuel that keeps this campaign in overdrive.
Reach out to people you know who can't stand the idea of 4 more years of Jay Inslee. Ask them to kick in $30 (or more). You are my ambassadors, you are my emissaries. We're building an extraordinary team and we need everyone's help to make sure this campaign a success.
Follow my campaign on Facebook here.
I make you this promise: support me in this effort and I'll give you a race for Governor like you've never seen before.
I love you all.
PO Box 6151 Olympia, WA, 98507
Tim Eyman Permanent Offense
Top 5 Contributors: Larry Sundquist, William Montgomery, Tim Eyman, Kristina Sundquist, Morris Mehrer
© 2020 Permanent Offense
Liberty Fox Web Design


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Some North Carolina 5th graders want to make the sweet potato the state's official vegetable, and they say nothing will stop them.
Self-proclaimed the "Tater Tots," these 25 students at Elvis Street Elementary in Wilson first persuaded their local state representative, Gene Arnold, to introduce a bill to honor the sweet potato, one of the state's major crops. Then, when the bill bogged down in committee, they enlisted the help of other 5th graders across the state and blitzed legislative leaders with faxes and mail.
"We're never going to quit, never," Shawn Griffin wrote to Speaker of the House Harold Brubaker. "We'll nag you to death."
The bill passed unanimously in the House and moved to the Senate, where an equally aggressive campaign is planned.
Meanwhile, the lobbying effort has given all the school's students a new interest in politics, said Celia Ashe Batchelor, the 5th graders' teacher.
"I can't walk through the Kmart without at least one little kid saying, 'Mrs. Batchelor, how's the sweet-potato bill doing?'" she said.
A class on car-phone safety may be coming to a school near you soon.
A small, one-state pilot program that started a few years ago to teach teenagers how to use cellular telephones in cars has grown into a 14-state, 1,000-school enterprise.
Ameritech, a Chicago-based communications company, devised the original curriculum in the early 1990's. Now, more than 20 cellular-phone companies are giving schools free phones, air time, and technical assistance.
The basic message: Don't dial and drive. Better to pull over and make the call from a standstill.
While this may sound suspiciously like an industrywide plot to develop brand loyalty among teenagers, the cost--as much as $8 per student--is a bit steep for that, said John Cusack, the executive director of the industry-sponsored National Cellular SAFETALK Center in Elgin, Ill. Rather, the industry hopes to make the next generation of car-phone users smarter than the current one.
"People do have accidents while using cellular phones," he said. "The bottom line is, we've got to do something about that."


"Love is the canvas furnished by nature and embroidered by imagination." Voltaire You might think that loving yourself is selfish and indeed it is. Until you decide that you are the most important person in your life, you will not be all that you can be to others. Loving and accepting yourself unconditionally allows..
"Abundance is not something we acquire. It is something we tune into." Wayne Dyer The Law of Attraction is based on the Law of Vibration. As pure energy beings, the vibration that drives our lives is determined by the ideas that we are emotionally involved with each moment of the day. We are magnets..
"Affluence, unboundedness, and abundance are our natural state. We just need to restore the memory of what we already know." Deepak Chopra Money is energy and it flows to those that are in vibration harmony with it. If you learned that money is dirty, it is time to replace that belief with the..


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text:
#if _WIN32||_WIN64
#include <process.h>        // _beginthreadex()
#endif
#include "tbb_misc.h"       // handle_win_error(), ThreadStackSize
#include "tbb/tbb_stddef.h"
#include "tbb/tbb_thread.h"
#include "tbb/tbb_allocator.h"
#include "governor.h"       // default_num_threads()

namespace tbb {
namespace internal {

//! Allocate a closure
void* allocate_closure_v3( size_t size )
{
    return allocate_via_handler_v3( size );
}

//! Free a closure allocated by allocate_closure_v3
void free_closure_v3( void *ptr )
{
    deallocate_via_handler_v3( ptr );
}

void tbb_thread_v3::join()
{
    __TBB_ASSERT( joinable(), "thread should be joinable when join called" );
#if _WIN32||_WIN64
    DWORD status = WaitForSingleObject( my_handle, INFINITE );
    if ( status == WAIT_FAILED )
        handle_win_error( GetLastError() );
    BOOL close_stat = CloseHandle( my_handle );
    if ( close_stat == 0 )
        handle_win_error( GetLastError() );
    my_thread_id = 0;
#else
    int status = pthread_join( my_handle, NULL );
    if( status )
        handle_perror( status, "pthread_join" );
#endif // _WIN32||_WIN64
    my_handle = 0;
}

void tbb_thread_v3::detach() {
    __TBB_ASSERT( joinable(), "only joinable thread can be detached" );
#if _WIN32||_WIN64
    BOOL status = CloseHandle( my_handle );
    if ( status == 0 )
      handle_win_error( GetLastError() );
    my_thread_id = 0;
#else
    int status = pthread_detach( my_handle );
    if( status )
        handle_perror( status, "pthread_detach" );
#endif // _WIN32||_WIN64
    my_handle = 0;
}

void tbb_thread_v3::internal_start( __TBB_NATIVE_THREAD_ROUTINE_PTR(start_routine),
                                    void* closure ) {
#if _WIN32||_WIN64
    unsigned thread_id;
    // The return type of _beginthreadex is "uintptr_t" on new MS compilers,
    // and 'unsigned long' on old MS compilers.  uintptr_t works for both.
    uintptr_t status = _beginthreadex( NULL, ThreadStackSize, start_routine,
                                     closure, 0, &thread_id );
    if( status==0 )
        handle_perror(errno,"__beginthreadex");
    else {
        my_handle = (HANDLE)status;
        my_thread_id = thread_id;
    }
#else
    pthread_t thread_handle;
    int status;
    pthread_attr_t stack_size;
    status = pthread_attr_init( &stack_size );
    if( status )
        handle_perror( status, "pthread_attr_init" );
    status = pthread_attr_setstacksize( &stack_size, ThreadStackSize );
    if( status )
        handle_perror( status, "pthread_attr_setstacksize" );

    status = pthread_create( &thread_handle, &stack_size, start_routine, closure );
    if( status )
        handle_perror( status, "pthread_create" );

    my_handle = thread_handle;
#endif // _WIN32||_WIN64
}

unsigned tbb_thread_v3::hardware_concurrency() {
    return governor::default_num_threads();
}

tbb_thread_v3::id thread_get_id_v3() {
#if _WIN32||_WIN64
    return tbb_thread_v3::id( GetCurrentThreadId() );
#else
    return tbb_thread_v3::id( pthread_self() );
#endif // _WIN32||_WIN64
}

void move_v3( tbb_thread_v3& t1, tbb_thread_v3& t2 )
{
    if (t1.joinable())
        t1.detach();
    t1.my_handle = t2.my_handle;
    t2.my_handle = 0;
#if _WIN32||_WIN64
    t1.my_thread_id = t2.my_thread_id;
    t2.my_thread_id = 0;
#endif // _WIN32||_WIN64
}

void thread_yield_v3()
{
    __TBB_Yield();
}

void thread_sleep_v3(const tick_count::interval_t &i)
{
#if _WIN32||_WIN64
     tick_count t0 = tick_count::now();
     tick_count t1 = t0;
     for(;;) {
         double remainder = (i-(t1-t0)).seconds()*1e3;  // milliseconds remaining to sleep
         if( remainder<=0 ) break;
         DWORD t = remainder>=INFINITE ? INFINITE-1 : DWORD(remainder);
         Sleep( t );
         t1 = tick_count::now();
    }
#else
    struct timespec req;
    double sec = i.seconds();

    req.tv_sec = static_cast<long>(sec);
    req.tv_nsec = static_cast<long>( (sec - req.tv_sec)*1e9 );
    nanosleep(&req, NULL);
#endif // _WIN32||_WIN64
}

} // internal
} // tbb

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
admin January 8, 2016 February 1, 2017 No Comments on SA27. Money and Natural Law, By Tommas Graves
The purpose of this presentation is to understand the conditions in which money can be created and issued and to what extent it can be used to stimulate an economy.
Money simply
There are many stories illustrating how money comes into being, and here is one of them.
Farmer A has a magnificent bull. Farmer B has ten healthy sheep. It suits them both to agree to exchange Bull for sheep. Farmer B brings his sheep to A's farm. Farmer A is delighted to accept them, but says my bull is busy in the fields; can I bring him to you in a month's time? B shows some hesitation, so A says "Look here, suppose I give you a token with my marks on it to show that I will perform my side of the bargain to anyone who brings me the token at the end of the month". He finds a piece of leather, and scratches on it "one OX" with his mark. B is satisfied and departs, leaving the sheep.
A is well known, so B is able to use the piece of leather to exchange for a plough from Farmer C. Farmer C uses it to exchange for a large load of manure from Farmer D. Farmer D takes the token to Farmer A, who delivers the bull, takes back the token and puts it back on his shelf. (The origin of the Pound, from Pfund = ox)
As Henry George has it, "Money is not an invention, but rather a natural growth or development, arising in the progress of civilisation from common perceptions.
As we saw in the slides, the piece of leather came down off the shelf, did its duty, and went back on the shelf. This points to two different aspects of money. On the one hand there is government authorising it, printing it, coining it, and then the commercial banks giving a customer permission to use it. Up to that point it can be cancelled, with no consequences other than upset anticipations!
On the other hand once it has been used and put into circulation, the money has a life of its own. It will pass from hand to hand completing myriad transactions, until, well, until what? Does it go on for ever? In our example above it got back to the issuer, Farmer A, who put it back on his shelf.
If Farmer D had not taken it back to Farmer A, the bull would not have been passed over. Farmer D suffered a loss. The token was perhaps trampled underfoot!
This example shows us the essential nature of money. Farmer A made a promise, and by attaching it to a token, made the promise transferable. The token becomes a bearer instrument.
Let us look at another example.
TALLY STICKS.
OK, the king wants a pig. He goes to a farmer. Mostly the king just took it, but Alfred was a just king. He said "We must pay back the farmer for his pig. Give him a tally stick!" So the king gives the farmer a stick with a mark on it, to the value of one pig. He promises the farmer that he can use the stick to pay his rent/tax. But the farmer says, "I've already paid my rent!" "The next lot then" says the king. "OK" says the farmer, "but what you're really doing is asking me to pay my rent in advance." The king being a just king, sees that there is unfairness to be righted, so he answers "When it comes to Lady Day, we'll let you off a bit more rent, and look, I've marked the stick at one pig and a bit." The farmer, now satisfied takes the stick, which is split in two, and hands over the pig. He thinks "At least that's better than I got from the last king. He just took my pig!"
Come Lady Day, he presents his tally stick to the king, it is matched with the other half, and his rent is reduced by one pig and a bit. Stick goes back to the king, and is no longer "money".
If you think it through, all money is like that. It is issued by being spent in exchange for goods and services. Until it is spent, it is not counted as money, and when it is redeemed it is no longer money. There is no such thing as debt free money. The debt, while it exists is the due settlement or return of goods and services. The extra due to the farmer for the delay in settlement we call interest. If when he presented the tally stick it was not honoured, it would only be worth to him the heat he could get on his fire, and he would have suffered an injustice, and all the other tally sticks the king has issued would also be worthless.
In today's terms, such defaults would lead to hyper-inflation of tally sticks!
What can we learn from this fable?
The immense benefits gained from a money system are grounded in justice. Hence "My word is my bond" With non-redemption, you get injustice and the price is hyper-inflation, – and riots!
Could it work today?
Yes, of course, for this is the way that money does work. It is accepted in exchange, and the debt has to be honoured. There is no credit without repayment.
Now, we should examine how money is issued, that is how it goes from the government side to the side where it is used and passed from hand to hand. Digital money is, of course, subject to the same rules.
So, apart from destroying it, what can you do with it?
You can give it, spend it, or lend it. Is there any other choice?
If it is lent, there is a good chance it will be redeemed by repayment. If it is not repaid, then the lender "writes it off" which means that it comes out of his own resources.
If you or I give money, we have to have it first! But a bank is not in that position. It could be asked by government to give all citizens a ration, sometimes called "helicopter money". Similarly the government could just spend the new money on goods and services it needs. But if it just did that, what do we think would happen to money?
The government though, puts itself in the same position as you and me. It takes taxes from us so that it has the money to give or spend. And if it runs out, it borrows from us.
Nowadays, it is accepted that money is created by the action of banks lending it to the public. A loan is agreed by the bank, and the customer spends the money made available. The bank expects repayment so that redemption is complete. The total money lent at the end of June this year (M4) was £2174 billion, of which 52% was "secured on dwellings", or mortgages.
Two dramatic failures
Wikipedia give causes;- "There are a number of theories on the causes of high and/or hyper inflation. But nearly all hyperinflations have been caused by government budget deficits financed by money creation. After an analysis of 29 hyperinflations (following Cagan's definition) Bernholz concludes that at least 25 of them have been caused in this way".
For now, we will look at two examples which were dramatic failures.
Assignats 1789
We have an excellent book written by Andrew Dickson White "Fiat Money Inflation in France".(1) One effect of revolution was that the authorities had no tax revenue. Against strenuous warnings not to, they issued specially printed notes to pay for government expenditure. But they made no attempt to raise taxes to enable the new money to be redeemed. After initial success, further issues were made until 40,000 million Livres were in circulation. Then their value dropped, and went on doing so, until they were worth 3% of their issue value. Then they collected them up and burnt them!
Dickson White concludes "Thus was the history of France logically developed in obedience to natural laws; such has, to a greater or less degree, always been the result of irredeemable paper….". When he arrived on the scene, Napoleon said "I will pay cash or nothing" and "While I live I will never resort to irredeemable paper!"
Stephen Zarlenga, of the American Monetary Institute maintains that the power to create money should not be given to the commercial banks but kept I government hands. He also says that the failure of the Assignats was because of massive forged notes being supplied by Britain. While the forgeries may have been true, it is a strange instance to use in defence of the issue of government money. After all, forged money must be the best example of "irredeemable paper" that exists! (2)
The German experience
After the First World War Germany was obliged to make reparations to France and other countries which were beyond the taxable capacity of the German people. Furthermore, the people were not able to subscribe for bonds.
Nial Ferguson in his book "The Ascent of Money",(3) says, "the German and Austrian authorities had to turn to their central banks for short term funding. The growth of the volume of Treasury bills in the central bank's hands was a harbinger of inflation because, unlike the sale of bonds to the public, exchanging these bills for banknotes increased the money supply". How this inflation gathered momentum is shown on this chart.
It was finally solved by the issue of the "Rentenmark" supposedly secured by the value of land in Germany.
To sum up so far;
Natural law in relation to money includes;
It is issued by being accepted in exchange for goods and services
It is cancelled by the supply of goods and services to the issuer
If not redeemed in this way inflation will follow.
But does it have to be created by a loan from a commercial bank?
This is a crucial question. For, in a sense, anything can be picked up and used as money. There were cowrie shells, and all sorts of rare or unusual things used. Also, in olden days we may suppose, the king minted coins and just spent them. But why would people accept the king's shilling? It can only have been that they knew they could use the coins to pay their just dues to the king. The king had to be moderately careful to keep his spending and taxing in balance, or the value of his coinage would drop.
But why hand it over to the commercial banks? This is what the Positive Money people and The American Monetary Institute are complaining about. My conclusion is that governments do not wish to be responsible for the RISK of non-repayment.
Debts written off by banks have been huge. They were £10Bn in 2010, nearly £7Bn in 2011, and since then over £3Bn each year.(4)
The way things developed from the goldsmiths activities meant that the banks undertook the risk of bad debts. They became expert in assessing risk, and it was easier to allow those who lent bear the cost of default. Also, with intermittent wars, money had to be raised in excess of the amount taxation could be raised. So the government had to borrow too.
Here we come up against the conditions of the day, which was the concentration of wealth in the hands of a relatively small number of people. This on the one hand set a limit on what could be raised from the general population, and on the other hand produced those with surplus funds which could be used, but on their terms.
So, we come to the conclusion that banking today has grown step by step in accordance with natural law, but within a particular set of circumstances derived from not collecting the proper source of public revenue. It was this that concentrated wealth in few hands, and it still operates.
We saw in the story of the Tally Sticks that an adjustment of price to reflect timing differences might well have been a natural way that interest came to be recognised. There has been huge debate over the years on the morality of paying interest, but in a family or small community it might be regarded as pointless. In the Guernsey experiment they built the new market hall and other improvements without paying interest. Where does the dividing line lie?
Maybe, where there is a common interest, interest is not thought of! But an investor will seek for some share in the project for which his money is to be used, especially if he is not involved in management himself. Any bank which takes on the risk of non-repayment will seek some recompense. The level of interest may be controlled by religious doctrine or state priorities, but this may interfere with the investment process. The variation would seem to be limitless.
And now we know that 90% of us pay interest, but only 10% receive it. (5) Does this not point to the same inequality that governed the development of our money system?
While banks provide loans for mortgages and overdrafts, if you need a loan for capital improvements you have to find investors. Who are they? Surely, none other than those who over a thousand years have accumulated in the form of rents. These investors have the power to refuse, and have not a common interest with the borrowers, and will exact a price for their co-operation. As they generally do not want to be bothered with running the project, they will favour a limited company set up, limiting their risk to the amount lent.
So the interest rate expresses the power that lenders have over borrowers, balance by the lenders desire to have a return on their investment.
What money has to do.
The money supply, measured by M4 is now enormous. Some large percentage of it is the result of lending to those who wish to buy a house. Unfortunately these houses sit on land, the price of which has ballooned due to the same cause, not collecting the proper source of public revenue. Not only is the price high, but also it takes a long time to repay the loans. The increase in money supply closely mirrors the increase in land prices.
What follows is a set of slides to illustrate the enormous task that money has to fulfil. Enormous because of the conditions at the point of interaction, conditions that we, the people, have set!
The value of work has been enhanced by all the factors names above, so that now it is many, many time what would have been produced in a simple agricultural community.
The producy of work is distributed among three claimants.
And further re-arranged as the three claimants spend the money.
The final slide shows the relationship between money in circulation and the functions of the banking system.
Taxation errors
The situation we face is daunting. We have a wholly dysfunctional tax system. As it largely attaches tax to wages, the cost of wages has become twice value of the reward for work, taking into account both direct and indirect taxes and National Insurance contributions. This means that an employee has to be able to add value by his work at twice the amount he gets for his work. Not all can do this and some are unemployed as a result. A further result is that our exports become uncompetitive.(6)
The state then has to step in to provide housing and food etc for the unemployed, so that taxes have to rise, creating more unemployment. The limit of taxation by this means has been reached, so that government has a deficit. This is finance by loans, which incur interest, thus increasing the deficit.
Meanwhile the nation is further burdened by the demands for rent by those who control the land. This is nothing more than a transfer from those who work to those that do not. But this rent is produced by the nation through its activities and the provision of infrastructure, and is seen by us as the natural source of public revenue. But as it is diverted to those who control the land, it acts as a stream of revenue outside the reward for work, and accumulates. The collection of rent in private hands is the source of the finance that government needs to cover its deficit. Thus a system of DEBT is built up, aided and abetted by the debt that those who work must undertake to obtain a house to live in.
The pressure on house prices ensures that they will continue to rise, reflecting underlying rents. This then brings a speculative boom, as those with funds buy more land, putting yet more pressure on wage earners.
We see the solution as being the collection of the rent of land as public revenue, and the removal of all taxes on work and enterprise.
There is a relationship between the rent of land and taxes. Looking at it from a historic perspective, first wages were forced down by rents until the horrors of Dickensian times. When these were exposed, taxation became necessary to relieve the poor, and this taxation had to come out of rents, as wages could not bear it. Thus if we reduce taxation rents will increase, thus increasing the flow of funds to the state as rent is collected. We need not fear that a "location value refund" would not be sufficient for all needs, but the incidence would change.
The incidence of current taxation is such as to do maximum damage to the nation by not recognising that different locations have different advantages.
This situation is also the cause of the way that our monetary system has evolved. Without curing this fundamental problem we are unlikely to improve the money system.
Bills of Exchange.
In order to better appreciate the Guernsey Experiment which follows, we should take a look at Bills of Exchange. Here is a standard definition;-
"An unconditional order in writing addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to bearer."
The bill of exchange is used to enable the seller of goods to receive his money before the buyer is in a position to pay. For example the delay in payment may be due to the goods being in transit, or the buyer may have to process the goods before he can re-sell them.
The process is that the seller types out the bill and signs it. Then he sends it to the buyer who "Accepts" it by signing across the face of the bill, indicating where it will be paid, ie at which bank. It is then returned to the seller who endorses it making it payable to a "Discount House". He sends it to the discount house which will pay him the proceeds less a discount representing the delay in receiving the money from the buyer. If the buyer is not well known a further step is inserted by the bill being presented to an "Acceptance House" which will add a "great" name for a small extra fee.
Here is an example.
Before the advent of modern banking bills were the main way of obtaining credit, and they were extremely flexible. An understanding of how they work explains how the Guernsey Experiment was so successful.
The Guernsey Experiment.
Background "At the beginning of the 19th Century, after the Napoleonic Wars, the Island of Guernsey was in dire straits. Apart from the natural beauty and pleasant climate, there was precious little else to attract visitors to the island, or indeed, to keep her inhabitants from removing to the mainland. The deep roads were mere cart-tracks, only 4ft. 6ins. wide, which in wet weather became muddy rivers between steep banks. The town was ill-paved and unattractive, and there was not a vehicle for hire of any kind on the island. There was no trade, nor hope of employment for the poor. Worst of all, the sea was fast encroaching on the land, and washing away large tracts of it, thanks to the sorry state of the dykes. The States Debt of £19,137 bore an annual interest charge of £2,390; the annual revenue was only £3000.This meant that while vast sums of money were required to save the land from the sea, and make the island fit to live in, the net revenue from all sources was only £600 per annum. The dyke project alone was estimated at over £10,000.In 1815 the need for improving the Public Market, which then provided neither cover nor shelter, became pressing, and a Committee was duly appointed to examine the matter. It was found that further taxation on the impoverished island was impossible. The alternative, that of borrowing money from the banks, would incur debt charges at a high interest rate, which they could not afford. It was abundantly clear that whatever they might borrow, although they paid interest charges for years, would never be repaid.
(from Olive and Jan Grubiak "The Guernsey Experiment" 1960)(7)
The island had an autonomous government, "the States of Guernsey." So it had the rights inherent in all sovereign government, among other rights, that of regulating the volume of money in circulation in the country. But, no more than any other country, the States of Guernsey had thought of exercising this sovereign prerogative.
The island was especially in need of a new market house, and a committee was set up to take care of it. The committee went to see the governor to explain the situation to him:
"We need a new market, but we have no money to build it."
"With what material are you going to build a market?" asked the governor.
"With stone and wood."
"Do you have it in the island?"
"Certainly, and in plenty."
"Do you have workers?"
"Yes again. But it is money that is lacking."
"Could not your parliament issue money?" asked the governor.
A new idea! (from Louis Even "Guernsey's Monetary Experiment" P2P) (8)
Finally, after grave deliberation, the Committee reported in 1816 with this historic recommendation – that property should be acquired and a covered market erected; the expenses to be met by the Issue of States Notes to the value of £6000.
The fullest account of what happened that we have is by J Theodore Harris BA, with forward by Sidney Webb, 1911.(9)
It appears that the man behind the whole operation was Daniel de Lisle Brock. Born in 1762 to an established Guernsey family, educated at primary school, then to learn French from a Swiss pastor in Alderney, then at a school in Richmond, Surrey. At age 14 he was called away to travel with his father in France, and when his father died in 1778, he travelled, eventually returned to the island, and was elected "jurat" in 1798. Between 1804 and 1810 he was deputed by the royal court of Guernsey to represent them in London four times. In 1821 he was elected bailiff, or chief magistrate, and continued representing the island with conspicuous success. He continued as bailiff until 1842 when he died, with a public funeral.
We can assume that he knew all about bills of exchange, and may have been aware of Napoleon's famous dictum, "While I live I will never resort to irredeemable paper!"
In order to assist with finances a duty on spirituous liquors was imposed in 1814 and renewed in 1819 for ten years with the proviso that £1000 be used each year to reduce the States debt. It was then renewed for 15 years in 1829. This formed the security for the issue of States notes. In 1816 they issued £4000 in States notes, repayable as to £1500 on 15.4.1817, and £1250 on 15.10.17, and also on 15.4.18.
What this means is that they could be used by the States to pay wages and for materials, but the notes would be retired on the above dates. So the notes would circulate and as the retirement date came nearer they would only be acceptable to those who owed money to the States, which would then cancel them. "In this manner" they said, "without increasing the debt of the States, we can easily succeed in finishing the works undertaken, leaving moreover in the coffers sufficient money for the other needs of the States".
They kept meticulous records of how many notes were retired, calling them "Notes to bearer of £1". With this success behind them they made further issues of notes, but they were not dated, they now identified which States receipts were to be used to cancel the notes.
In 1817 they bought the site of the proposed covered market for £5000 with a loan at 4.5%. The plan for improving the market were agreed at £5500, to be financed as to £1000 already coming from the duty on spirituous liquor, and £4500 in twenty shilling notes. The provision for repayment was
"The 36 shops , built for butchers according to the plan recommended would produce at £5pa, £180 From this must be deducted £20 for hiring the house at the corner and £10 for repairs, £30 , leaving £150, The States should grant for 10 years after the first year £300, this would give an income of £450. This sum would be spent each year in paying off and cancelling as many Notes."
And it was noted that at the end of ten years all the notes would be cancelled but the income of £150 would continue to accrue to the States. The result is the picture below, showing the date of 1822.
The next issue of £4000 was to pay off the loan, saving interest of £225pa, taking into account the aforesaid £1000 from liquor duty. Further issues followed, to improve Rue de la Fontaine, build a College, and more, until by 1837 £80,000 had been issued and £55,000 were still in circulation. At each stage the means of repayment were identified and put aside for the redemption process.
Thus the equivalent of some £3.5 million in today's money was financed entirely interest free. Needless to say, Mr Brock had to deliver a speech at the House of Lords to justify his policies, and succeeded! Part of his speech dealt with the attractiveness of St Peter Port brought about by the scheme. Some £220,000 came into the town by the building of houses, and the increase in trade. Population increased from 20,302 in 1821 to 26,649 in 1824.
In 1837 the scheme was brought to an end. Two private banks had been set up, and had threatened to flood the town with extra cash. The history simply records the agreement that £15,000 of the notes would be withdrawn, leaving £41,318 in circulation. The banks agreed to honour and use these notes and to pay the States £10,000pa to complete the redemption. Brock's letter of agreement follows;-
A fascinating story is it not?
What can we learn from it?
From our earlier discussions we arrived at the conclusion;-
In the Guernsey case they took great care to identify and actually redeem each issue. The States spent, not lent the money, so they had to deal with redemption. They were familiar with the result of non-redemption of Assignats, and they knew how Bills of Exchange are used to enable the seller of goods to receive his money before the buyer is in a position to pay.
Could we do this today?
Yes, but there is a snag. Infrastructure improvements give benefits but most of it lands up in the hands of those who control the land. So, we pay for them twice, once by taxation, and secondly in rent increases. The story of the extension to the Jubilee Line in London makes the situation quite clear.(10)
We saw in the Guernsey Experiment that they relied on the rent of butchers' shops to assist with redemption. But the States owned the site.
So let us consider, suppose we did find a way to recover to the community that which the community creates, by some sort of "location value refund". And we had removed all taxes on production. The price of land would be removed thereby, and the money supply could revert to a more natural base, probably one quarter of the present total. The accumulation of debt would cease. Banks would kick the habit of lending on security, and assess risk instead. And a house could be bought for the price of a house!
But financing infrastructure would be so easy, as it would be self-redeeming! Providing it was wisely spent, it would work just like the bill of exchange. Pay in advance for work and materials, and an increase in the location value would follow as night follows day. That would really be Peoples Quantitive Easing!
The Necessity of Debt
I would like to attempt a summary of how we come to be in so much debt, both personal and nationally.
We might come at this by a consideration of the distribution of Added Value.
Why do people work?
We work to satisfy our needs and desires. That is the need for food, clothing and shelter, and also the means to make our work more efficient. And on top there is a whole host of desires, and we may balance the willingness to work against the strength of our wants.
So the population works, or most of them. A result is achieved which is sometimes called Added Value. The claimants for the Added Value have come to be Wages, Taxation, Rents and Interest.
Wages are largely spent on living, and some saving. Taxes are spent by our government, and they usually do not have enough taxes to meet the spending needs.
However Rents are in different category. Here we mean the rent of land, as the rent of buildings and equipment has already been deducted in arriving at Added Value.
The rents of land are a direct transfer from those who work to those who do not. So it transfers wealth steadily from the poorer to the richer. This is the prime cause of "bad" inequality, distinguishing it from inequality arising from the amount of work a person is prepared to do, and his/her talents.
But it results in accumulations of wealth with no object for it to be spent on. But we still have a desire to make our work more efficient. So we are prepared to borrow.
Coupled with this, the power to charge rents for land arises because we have allowed ownership of land. The land becomes valuable. So to find a place to live, it is necessary either to rent or to buy land. As we need shelter, again we must borrow.
The debt accumulates just as fast as the wealth accumulates. Neither is real!
A look into the future?
Let us suppose that we have come to realise the force of natural law, and decided to collect location value and eliminate the disastrous tax system we had in its place. The transition has been tricky, as we have had to unwind so many unnatural results of the old system. So here we are thirty years on. Why thirty? It has taken a generation to deal with the disastrous effects of a wholly dysfunctional tax system. By now, we no longer attach the vast bulk of our taxes to wages. We have devised a suitable mechanism to collect location value, that is, that part of production attributable to the efforts of the whole community. The result of the efforts of individuals are retained in full – no tax deductions. The cost of living has come down by the cancellation of most indirect taxes – VAT, customs duty and all the rest. A great rebalancing has taken place. The general level of wages has risen to the maximum available from the best site still available for use. The accumulation of wealth in the hands of those who thought "this land is mine" has been stopped in its track.
As public revenue was gradually collected, the value of land has fallen, and now has no private value. Landowners still have their land, so long as they pay the appropriate annual charge, but land is no longer counted as wealth. A house can now be bought for the price of a house. Mortgages have fallen to a small proportion compared with the old basis. The level of debt has plummeted, and the money supply likewise. Those who took out mortgages when they had to purchase the land as well as the house have been encouraged to honour the debt they took on, and many find that the increase in wages makes this possible. But also a debt forgiveness scheme has been set up, whereby those whose accumulated assets arose partly or wholly from land appreciation before the changes can voluntarily hand this to the scheme, which is used to reduce all old mortgages pro-rata. This has become possible following the realisation that land is a free gift, without which the changes noted above would not have been possible.
After about twenty years, government expenditure began to fall as some parts of the welfare state became unclaimed. It was found that location value was buoyant as the cancellation of taxation added to it but impacted on city centres instead of marginal areas. For some years is has been possible to reduce government debt, and there is speculation about what might be done with a surplus in future. But much infrastructure improvement has been funded, and the fact that this is speedily paid for by an increase in location values has created a wholly different attitude.
The ownership of assets is now much more even, so that partnerships replace limited companies. Interest payments become irrelevant as common interests prevail.
The suggestion is that society has made just one simple mistake, the consequences of doing so have magnified enormously as the years passed.
Is it really true that so much reform can follow one simple return to natural law?
(1) Fiat Money Inflation in France, Foundation for Economic Education Inc 1959
(2)http://www.monetary.org/zarlengas-talk-at-the-house-of-lords-london/2010/12
(3)The Ascent of Money by Nial Ferguson Allen Lane ISBN 978-1-846-14192-8
(4)Write-offs of loans by banks and building societies Table C2.1 NSO
(5)http://www.outersite.org/interest-and-inflation-free-money-extracts/ Comparison of interest paid & gained
(6) https://landisfree.co.uk/-16.pdf
(7) The Guernsey Experiment, leaflet Omni Publications USA 1999.
(8)http://www.michaeljournal.orgguernsey.htm
(9) An example of communal currency, the facts about the Guernsey Market House A 1911 book on the Guernsey experiment
(10) https://books.google.com/books/about/Taken_for_a_ride.html?id=VfW3..
http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/mar/18/house-prices-surge-near-crossrail-
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text:
ABOUT MONGOLIA
OUR GUIDE IN MONGOLIA
VISA TO MONGOLIA
中文/我們的服務
ULAANBAATAR CITY
HORSE AND CAMEL RIDING
MONGOLIAN FESTIVALS
MUSEUMS IN ULAANBAATAR
SHOPPING IN ULAANBAATAR
SIGHTSEEING IN ULAANBAATAR
SPORT AND ADVENTURING
MONGOLIAN EMBASSIES ABROAD
我們的旅遊行程
為何選擇我們
蒙古国签证信息 ( 中国 )
蒙古國簽證資訊 ( 台灣 )
蒙古國簽證資訊 ( 港/澳 )
Mongolia is the 19th largest and the most sparsely populated independent country in the world. It is also the world's second-largest landlocked country after Kazakhstan. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Mongolia is one of the world's last undiscovered travel destinations to visit. It is a land where you can experience wide-open spaces, cobalt blue skies, forests, deserts, crystal clear rivers and lakes, and the traditional hospitality of the local nomads. Permanent dwellings are few and far between, fences even fewer and the land is owned by the people, like one large National Park. As a tremendous destination to experience the outdoors, Mongolia also boasts of unique history dating back to the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan. Simply put, it is a land of adventure, horses, nomads, and blue sky.
Mongolia basic information
1,566,000 sq km (610,740 sq mi)
8,158 km, with Russia 3,485 km and with China 4,673 km
Average altitude:
1,580 m above sea-level
Vast semi-desert and desert plains, mountains in west and southwest,Gobi Desert in southeast
Khalkha Mongols (86%), Kazaks (6%), about a dozen other Mongolian ethnic groups
Mongolian, Kazakh, Russian, Chinese. English is widely spoken in Ulaanbaatar.
Tibetan Buddhism, Muslim, Christian and Shamanism
Literacy rate:
Average summer temperature +20'C, average winter temperature -26'C, average rainfall 200-220 mm. Winter lasts from November to late April, Spring from May through June, Summer from July through September.
Parliamentary republic. President elected for four years. Present President Elbegdorj Tsahia, elected in 2009. Prime Minister appointed by State Great Khural for four years. Present Prime Minister Mr. Batbold. Su was appointed in 2009.
Legislature:
State Great Khural (Parliament), unicameral with 76 members elected for four years. The last election was held in 2008.
Judicial system:
Mongolian judicial system consists of Constitutional Court , Supreme Court, Aimag and capital city courts, soum and district courts.
State structure:
Mongolia is a unitary state and divided administratively into Aimags (21) and a capital city; Aimags are subdivided into soums; soums into bags; and a capital city into districts; districts into khoroos.
National currency:
Tugrik (MNT), 1USD = 1370MNT ; 1EUR= 1815 MNT (Jan 2013)
January 1 - December 31
Main entry points:
Chinggis Khaan (airport in Ulaanbaatar ), Sukhbaatar (railway station on Mongolian-Russian border) and Zamyn Uud (railway station on Mongolian-Chinese border)
Sea access:
Tianjin/China (1,344 km) and Nakhodka/Russia (4,037 km)
December 31- January 1 - New Year 3 days in January/February - Mongolian New Year (Tsagaan Sar), June 1 - Mother and Child day, July 11-13 - National Holiday (Naadam)
Normal working hours:
09.00-13.00 and 14.00-18.00
Electric current:
220 volts/50 HZ
Weight and measures:
Visa arrangements:
Visa shall be issued by Mongolia Embassies and Diplomatic Missions as well as Honorary consuls of Mongolia Overseas.


There are so many protein balls out in the market placed that have coconut oil in them! I am not a big fan of coconut oil as it is a saturated fat. I try to avoid products that have saturated fat in them as they just bad for you!
So I wanted to come up with a protein ball recipe that didn't contain any coconut oil in it but still had a great taste!
1. Place the oats into the blender and blitz until it becomes oat flour.
2. Add in dates, protein powder, coconut milk, peanut butter, rice malt syrup and half of the shredded coconut in with the oat flour and blitz until the mixture forms a nice smooth consistency.
3. Wet your hands and scoop up a tablespoon of ingredients and roll to form a ball.
4. Place the remaining coconut into a bowl and roll the ball through the shredded coconut.
5. Place balls into a airtight container, seal with a lid and place into the fridge.
5 ways to grow a lush Vegan Mane.


i believe the ones at tarmacsportz will be the entry level coilover, i have the flex z on my hawk and im more than happy with them. been on the car a year so far and ive had 0 issues. simon @ chevron supplied and fitted mine.
100% agree, my bc's lasted 8 months before they rusted solid and after 12 months i had to have new rear mounts due to knocking. i think they are around £750 and my teins were around £870 so for the extra £120 its a no brainer.
Tein are crap a step up from bc but still rubbish.
stick with stock shocks and change springs until you can afford ohlins or a quality make.
coilovers are utterly pointless on a road car.
for the record the impreza has factory fitted coilovers anyway.
the spring (coil) fits over the shock.
The Factory shocks on a New Age Impreza are ****e. No question. The bump stops are pure comedy and damping is neither soft or hard, just never right. Too much anti-dive and anti squat in the front end too. The problem with BCs is they are powder coated steel, not anodised alloy. A proper hard anodised alloy set will last a lot longer in the environment a shock lives in. I run my BC's in Tegawa neoprene socks and fully coat them in ACF-50. They are now about a year and a bit old and like new under there. Shouldn't have to go to those lengths but we do.
The BC stuff is very different internally as the price points climb, btw. The ER is like night and day to a BR set, the ZR makes the ER feel cheap. I would put the ZR on a damping and feel level with Ohlins, but externally the Ohlins is massively superior.
You always get what you pay for, no question.
i agree you get what you pay for but you dont always have to go for the most expensive option. for a fast road daily driver the teins are fine, they will last a long time and are not too crashy over bumps. also parts can be had quite easily if needed through simon @ chevron.
looking back at my mot history would put my teins @ just over 4k covered, i will be taking the car back to chevron soon for a check up on all of the suspension work thats been done as its been just over a year now so want to make sure everything is still ok. i will report back on the condition of my teins but im guessing they will be problem free.
why have you gone for ohlins over tein and bc??
Similar reason you went for ap brakes over k sports etc I'd assume.
Tein super street and tein flex coil springs interchangeable?
Opinions on Tein RA coilovers?


text:
The University of Burdwan
Post-Graduate (Science & Arts), Cyber Law & Master of Social Work (M.S.W.) Admissions for the Session 22-24
Post-Graduate Science
Post-Graduate Arts, etc.
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Faculty Council for Post-graduate Studies in Science
Access for Student Dashboard (Click Here)
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Faculty Council (Science)
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Purba Barddhaman - 713104
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Email : secretary_sc@buruniv.ac.in
Faculty Council for Post-graduate Studies in Arts, Commerce, Law, Fine Arts & Music
PG Admission, 2022 Closure Notice and List of Provisional Admitted candidates under Arts Faculty
List of Foreign Candidates for Admission to P.G. Courses
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Admission to One Year Diploma in Cyber Law (Academic Session: 2022-2023)
© The University of Burdwan 2022 | Rajbati, Bardhaman - 713 104, West Bengal, India


text:
Log in via IHI
Patients' reports of adverse events: a data linkage study of Australian adults aged 45 years and over
Copyright © 2022 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & Medtrust Innovations Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Health Foundation (registered charity number: 286967). All rights reserved.


text:
Q: How to make input not required? I use this validation rule:
 this.addVisitorForm = this.fb.group({company: [null, []]});

As you can see there is not validation for field company. But Angular says it is invalid, how to do this field not necessary?
HTML code is:
<input maxlength="25" [ngClass]="{ 'has-error': addVisitorForm.get('company').invalid }"formControlName="company" type="text" class="form-control form-control-lg" required>

A: You have mixed up the HTML 5 validations and the reactive form validations. Remove the required attribute from the <input> tag
<input maxlength="25" [ngClass]="{ 'has-error': addVisitorForm.get('company').invalid }"formControlName="company" type="text" class="form-control form-control-lg">


Did You Get An Unwanted Text Advertising the Marco Polo App? Did You Get An Unwanted Text Advertising the Marco Polo App?
If so, you may be able to recover up to $1,500 per text!
If you have received a text message advertising the Marco Polo app, you may be able to recover as much as $1,500 per text!


Robin Thicke and Janelle Monae are a pair of the hottest artists in the game. So it's no surprise that VIBE magazine has placed the edgy crooners on the cover of its summer 2013 issue.
Twenty years ago, Quincy Jones went on a mission. Ever since the legendary producer launched VIBE in 1993 (following a test issue in '92), Q's dream publication has been the cornerstone of a culture, cranking out iconic stories and snapshots, from hip-hop to soul to hollywood, fashion and politics. Now, it's time to toast and two-step. And who better to jump-start the party than Robin Thicke and Janelle Monáe. While Thicke, in all his falsetto glory, has finally hit a professional climax—landing his first No. 1 album,Blurred Lines, and a chart-topping single (see album title)—Janelle continues her own progressive path toward greatness. So we paired up Mr. Blue-Eyed Soul and the eccentric lady to help VIBE celebrate 20 strong years.


text:
package com.hockeyhurd.hcorelib.api.util.interfaces;

import net.minecraft.entity.player.EntityPlayer;
import net.minecraft.item.ItemStack;

public interface IKeyBound {
	void doKeyBinding(EntityPlayer player, ItemStack stack, int key);
}


A set of homemade bookends is a suitable beginner woodworking project. Homemade wooden bookends make excellent gifts and can be used in bookshelves, on the mantle or on free-hung shelves.
Bookends are a terrific starter project you can do with friends or your kids for a simple introduction to woodworking. Just gather up some scrap wood and basic hand tools.
The platform created by the basic L-shape of the design can be decorated any multitude of ways for an adaptable project that can be done over and over and still remain fresh. You can add a piece of metal to slide under the books to hold them more securely, but the piece is optional.
Measure your wood and mark off matching sections to create your wooden L. A good size is 4-by-6 inch rectangles for the upright portions of the bookends, and 4-by-4 inch squares for the feet. Measure twice, and use a carpenter square to outline your pieces. Using a jig or miter saw, cut pieces of wood evenly. You can use the saw to round the top corners of the bookends if desired. Sand the wood edges smooth, and stain or paint to your liking.
Position the precut pieces in the shape of an L. Use a clamp fastened securely to the table to hold the pieces together. Use the 1/8-inch bit to drill a pilot hole through the back of the L into the foot, about 1 inch from the corner. Do the same for the other side. Use the 1/8-inch screws to fasten the back of the bookend to the foot. Do this for both bookends.
At this point you can opt to add a small metal corner brace to the bookend to create a backwards facing footer that slides under the books for greater stability. Choose a brace that is very thin metal so it will slide under the books with ease. It will need to be a few inches long for utility.
For bookends with the added metal foot, position the metal corner brace in the center of the wooden back so the bookend sits upright and level and the metal foot extends backward from the wooden L shape. Clamp the metal brace to the wood. Use the 1/16-inch bit to drill pilot holes using the holes in the brace as a guide. Use the 1/16-inch screws to screw the wooden back and the metal footer together. Do this for both bookends.
You can use a small chisel to remove a small strip of wood the same width, height, and depth of the metal brace on the inner face of the bookend for the metal brace to fit into. This will allow the bookend to sit flush against the books with no gap. You can also add felt to the bottom of the bookend and metal piece to prevent scratches to your bookshelf.
Decorate your new bookends by painting a design on their outer face or by mounting a decorative item on the footer of an all-wood bookend. You can also carve their outer face, stain them, use varnish to attach and coat a leaf or dried flower, or spray-paint the bookends with a metallic paint.
L-shaped bookends are the easiest to make. After creating a few sets of simple bookends, you can branch out and try creating bookends that are more complex.