text:
Read By Wolves
Original story (u2wanderer.org) by Christopher Jenkins / Aaron J. Sams (2015-07-18)
Bono Throws Alice in Wonderland (New York 6, July 27, 2015)
[Article Updated: August 9, 2015]
"I am a wolf that follows the sun / And I will catch him ere day be done."
"What call have I to dream of anything? / I am a wolf. Back to the world again, / And speech of fellow-brutes that once were men / Our throats can bark for slaughter: cannot sing."
Satan in Spirits in Bondage by C.S. Lewis
Ah the book mobile, or at least in motion if not one of those roving trucks of library books. For those who aren't hunched over their keyboards every few nights tuning in or who aren't at the shows, since the second show in Phoenix, after "young Bono" is seen reading during "Song for Someone," [ i] Bono shifts to tearing up and throwing books into the audience during Raised by Wolves and Until the End of the World.
Young Bono Reading
Sometimes he kneels down book open in hand, perhaps miming the depth of his need to find something in a book, perhaps miming a position of prayer.[ii]
Bono Kneeling
Sometimes he carries a book down the walkway to the main stage[iii], seemingly reading, but perhaps, given the shifting light, he is doing the Bongolese thing. Other times he shreds them and hauls off and flings them into the audience. Apparently he even winged a member of security in Boston [iv]. Since then he seems to have switched to kicking them (the books, not security).
e Stage: Paradise Lost, Clockwork Orange, Wolves of Willoughby
e Stage: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Ulysses
Positioning seems a little variable. Typically there's a few small piles at the tip of the e-stage,[v] and a couple piles in the middle of the walkway, though the latter seems to have switched to several lining the sides of the walkway individually now. [vi]
The Essential Ginsberg (Boston 3)
Howl (Boston 3)
Nicolae (Boston 3)
Tribulation Force (Boston 1)
Fans have been helping identify them by trying to get pictures of the books prior to the house lights dropping, as there is more limited success once they hit the audience, sometimes in pieces. Remember we are talking something like five to twenty books a night flying into the crowd that sometimes lets them get lost on a beer-soaked floor. Consider how few books there are versus the confetti pieces, and the numbers we have already given you for the confetti people have come forward with. Tim C (WTSHNN on Twitter) deserves special mention, solidly reporting the books he literally chased down as the tour progressed, as does Nate Roberts (@NateU2) for what may have been the first sighting of the books in Phoenix pre-show. [vii]
The books themselves seemed to be mostly secondhand copies initially, maybe because the books are out of print, and they were among the most interesting ones. Some books are repeated, sometimes in different editions, but, if you check amazon.com, some are also the most common and cheapest available, e.g., the edition of Alice in Wonderland. That brings up another point – both Alice in Wonderland, and The Divine Comedy by Dante have been torn to bits by the in-character Bono, but not a Book of Psalms. We wouldn't expect him to tear up the Psalms, but just note those are the three types of confetti that fall later at the end of Until the End of the World [viii]. Bono also made a point of sparing Shakespeare at one show.
Our list is notably low on information and this is the toughest info to get reliably, especially for shows that have already happened, so if you can help, please do. As with the confetti articles we'll point out a few things, but leave most of the interpreting to you, and others. One point of confusion at the moment is the Heidi and Cinderella from Los Angeles may have been confetti rather than pages torn from books, the Cinderella in particular, but we don't think so.
With so many gaps in the information, recognizing trends and spotting what you might expect that has been missed, or is out of place, is difficult. For example The Master and Margarita seems a bit out of place for me – too 90s for Bono's childhood, though it got a mention from Bono in Moscow and has associations with Mick Jagger, Salman Rushdie, and the sense of Russian Literature dancing there with the Beat Poets on Pop, but The Book of Judas by Brendan Kennelly is a bit pricey these days and a bit 90s and hard to find. And, this is a production by a team – Es Devlin and Willie Williams have already told us that they worked together previously on a play version of The Master and Margarita[ix], and it may have felt right to them to have it up there. Then, seeing the fuller list of books, you can see it fits a trend we'll talk about in a moment. It's not clear at this exact moment who controls the details like these, and the confetti and books have yet to come up in an interview with the band [x].
Also in the expectations category, Madeline L'Engle's work hasn't been seen, but perhaps an Angel would be out of place, again, as you'll see in a minute. Ray Bradbury's Farenheit 451 fits the destruction of books theme, and is rumored to have been on stage, but that hasn't been confirmed. The Winter of Our Discontent is noticeably absent. There was, however, the nicely, but briefly, met expectation of the appearance of Oscar Wilde after the historic "Yes" vote in Ireland for the thirty-fourth amendment to their Constitution in favor of same sex marriage. Certainly there are books, as you might expect, that have influenced the songs, but we'll just note Lord of the Flies by William Golding and its influence on Boy, and leave the rest to you to discuss and others to interpret.
The trends that do seem to be apparent include the children's books or books about children, fitting the innocence theme, such as Alice in Wonderland, The World We Live In, Heidi, Cinderella, Lord of the Flies, The Wolves of Willoughby (part of an eleven or twelve book series), and individual books from C.S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia series and Space Trilogy [xi].
C.S. Lewis's presence is a trend itself. The Screwtape Letters has been present repeatedly, and is a key piece in the trend of "devils" (Apollyon, Nicolae, The Divine Comedy's Inferno, Master and the Margarita, Paradise Lost), whether you consider this an "in the wilderness" moment of meeting Satan, or Dante and Virgil sneaking through Hell is up to you, but the devils abound. C.S. Lewis does seem to be on the side of light though, and could use Madeleine L'Engle's help. His "The Last Battle" appearing is also striking given Christy Dignam of Aslan's battle with cancer and that had U2 recently play Aslan's [xii] "This Is" at a benefit for him [xiii], as well as the echo of "the battle" in Sunday Bloody Sunday just prior in the set. Early on Bono read from C.S. Lewis's Essay Collection: Faith Christianity and the Church [xiv], which was published in the UK, and That Hideous Strength [xv] and The Lion The Witch and the Wardrobe have also been seen.
One of the more interesting trends has been books that might reflect a writer learning about other writers, technique, interpretation, and criticism. These take the form of Norton Critical editions, e.g., for Paradise Lost [xvi], and books of "Twentieth Century Interpretation," e.g., of Dylan Thomas. All though he's a Welsh poet, you might group Thomas in with the Irish writers having their work roughly handled – Oscar Wilde, C.S. Lewis, William Butler Yeats, and James Joyce. Or, you could group him with the poets – William Carlos Williams, William Butler Yeats, Allen Ginsberg, Rainer Maria Rilke, and maybe include those represented who wrote poetry, but whose poetic works haven't taken the stage, e.g., James Joyce. Allen Ginsberg also has a fascinating Songs of Innocence / This Is Where You Can Reach Me Now tie-in here that Pop fans may remember – besides reading Miami, or the Joshua Tree Deluxe edition's Bullet-mode "Drunk Chicken / America," he read on stage with Bob Dylan, and yes, with The Clash on stage besides appearing on Combat Rock.
Beyond the poetry trend the two or three Act play set up of the show itself is reflected in the presence of plays in one of the editions of Yeats work chosen, The Master and Margarita as previously noted has been a theatre piece, Shakespeare is both poet and playwright, and then there is A Clockwork Orange, which U2 did a stage score for that we only have "Alex Descends Into Hell for a Bottle of Milk" from. Hmm…, maybe that belongs in the devil trend too – they do use my favourite edition with the flaming head cover. Religion – well, there's a touch of it in nearly, if not all, of these books, but philosophy only gets a direct nod with Nietschze, and Bono has also quoted Nietschze onstage this tour.
On to the list though: grouped by date with the initial identifier we came across, and some additional information if we know it's potentially relevant. If you believe we missed you or you have a good picture you feel is useful, let us know.
Phoenix 2 (2015-05-23)
Bono quotes from MacBeth but spares Shakespeare
The World We Live In[xvii] (Tim C)
The Last Battle by C.S. Lewis (Tim C)
The Divine Comedy by Dante with William Blake cover illustration (Wordsworth Classics of World Literature) (babetteross)
LA 1 (2015-05-26)
Dylan Thomas – A Collection of Critical Essays edited by C.B. Cox (Davidvanderveen)
The Will to Power by Friedrich Nietschze edited by Walter Kaufmann (brotherhoodof90)
Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Grapes of Wrath (razzlejoy)
LA2 (2015-05-27)
Cinderella (by Henry Hewit ?) (popbonobuzzbaby)
Heidi (popbonobuzzbaby)
C.S. Lewis Essay Collection: Faith Christianity and the Church (bethandbono)
The Master and the Margarita by Mikail Bulgakov translated by Mira Ginsburg (u2hibby)
Ulysses by James Joyce (J Lopez)
The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde (Julia & U2)
The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis (Daisyboo)
Heidi by Johanna Spyri (Daisyboo)
Divine Comedy by Dante, Rev. Cary translation (Dave Sloan)
The Master and the Margarita by Mikail Bulgakov (mpserafin)
Denver 1 (2015-06-06)
Alice in Wonderland (foosball)
The Master and the Margarita by Mikail Bulgakov (thecravecase)
The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis (babetteross)
Lord of the Flies by William Golding (Tim C)
The Essential Ginsberg by Allen Ginsberg edited by Michael Schumacher (Tim C)
Paradise Lost by John Milton (Tim C)
Montreal 1 (2015-06-12)
The Essential Ginsberg by Allen Ginsberg edited by Michael Schumacher (@Annathaemah)
Lord of the Flies (housecrimystery)
Paradise Lost (MeagieFaz)
Montreal 3 (2015-06-16) (Bloomsday) [xviii]
Dante[xix] (Aaron Sams)
Horce (?)[xx] (Aaron Sams)
Tribulation Force by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins (Left Behind Series) (@brittanyelle2)
Paradise Lost by John Milton Norton Critical Edition edited by Gordon Teskey (Aaron Sams)
Chicago 1 (2015-06-24)
William Carlos Williams — A collection of critical essays edited by J. Hillis Miller (MiamiVice95)
The Essential Ginsberg by Allen Ginsberg edited by Michael Schumacher (@U2flgl)
Apollyon by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins (Left Behind series) (Tim C)
Paradise Lost by John Milton (ClaytonsKitten)
The Screwtape Letters by C.S. Lewis (anandadaydream)
A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess (babetteross)
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland & Through the Looking Glass Bantam Classics by Lewis Carroll intro by Morton N. Cohen (babetteross)
The Wolves of Willoughby by Joan Aiken (babetteross)
Ulysses by James Joyce (babetteross)
The Inferno by Dante (babetteross)
The Screwtape Letters by C.S. Lewis (@Judith86)
Nicolae by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins (Left Behind Series) (mdmomof7)
The Essential Ginsberg by Allen Ginsberg edited by Michael Schumacher (ozmodiar)
Lord of the Flies by William Golding (dealme)
The Wolves of Willoughby by Joan Aiken (u2fanlife)
Poems by William Butler Yeats (u2fanlife)
The Screwtape Letters by C.S. Lewis (Tim C)
Lord of the Flies by William Golding (?) (Tim C)
The Essential Ginsberg by Allen Ginsberg edited by Michael Schumacher (?) (Tim C)
Left Behind by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins (Left Behind Series) (@StanfordSteph)
Toronto 1 (2015-07-06)
Selected Poems and Four Plays by William Butler Yeats (righteousbabe01)
Unidentified book by Rainer Maria Rilke (bethandbono)
The Screwtape Letters by C.S. Lewis (David Alter)
The Master and the Margarita by Mikail Bulgakov (texassizedu2fan)
The Wolves of Willoughby by Joan Aiken (bethandbono)
Uncollected Poems by Rainer Maria Rilke (Tim C)
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland & Through the Looking Glass Bantam Classics by Lewis Carroll intro by Morton N. Cohen (thecravecase)
The Master and the Margarita by Mikail Bulgakov translated by Hugh Alpin (u2ginger)
Boston 1 (2015-07-10)
The Essential Ginsberg by Allen Ginsberg edited by Michael Schumacher (@Jewlsdeluxe)
Tribulation Force by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins (Left Behind Series) (Chris)
A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess (Sherry Lawrence)
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland & Through the Looking Glass Bantam Classics by Lewis Carroll intro by Morton N. Cohen (Chris)
Poems by William Butler Yeats (Sherry Lawrence)
Paradise Lost by John Milton (Barnes and Noble version) (Sherry Lawrence)
Ulysses by James Joyce (Chris)
The Wolves of Willoughby by Joan Aiken (Sherry Lawrence)
The Master and the Margarita by Mikail Bulgakov translated by Hugh Alpin (Tassoula)
A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess (Annathaemah)
Paradise Lost by John Milton (Barnes & Noble version) (Annathaemah)
Ulysses by James Joyce (Annathaemah)
The Wolves of Willoughby by Joan Aiken (Annathaemah)
Poems by William Butler Yeats (probable based on picture & other nights) (Annathaemah)
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland & Through the Looking Glass Bantam Classics by Lewis Carroll intro by Morton N. Cohen (Annathaemah)
The Essential Ginsberg by Allen Ginsberg edited by Michael Schumacher (Chris)
Howl by Allen Ginsberg (Harper Perrenial) (Annathaemah)
Nicolae by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins Left Behind series (Chris)
Lord of the Flies by William Golding (Chris)
The Screwtape Letters by C.S. Lewis (Chris)
The Master and the Margarita by Mikail Bulgakov translated by Hugh Alpin (Chris)
The Master and the Margarita by Mikail Bulgakov translated by Hugh Alpin (Olivier Hill)
Ulysses by James Joyce (Sherry Lawrence)
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland & Through the Looking Glass Bantam Classics by Lewis Carroll intro by Morton N. Cohen (Sherry Lawrence)
A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess (carriechic)
New York 1 (2015-07-18)
Lord of the Flies (U2enEspana)
Lord of the Flies (Jeff Reinhart periscope)
The Screwtape Letters by C.S. Lewis (Dan Levine)
Poems by William Butler Yeats (Emily Beck)
Apollyon by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins (Left Behind series) (Dperry905)
Lord of the Flies (Vmulveyfitness)
Lord of the Flies (u2gigs (Chris))
The Screwtape Letters by C.S. Lewis (u2gigs (Chris))
The Master and the Margarita by Mikail Bulgakov translated by Hugh Alpin (AyazAsif)
Inferno by Dante Penguin Classics with William Blake cover (Damoratis)
Soul Harvest by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins (Left Behind series) (Deena Dietrich)
A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess (Kevin Putnam)
The Wolves of Willoughby by Joan Aiken (Shawn Rocco)
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland & Through the Looking Glass Bantam Classics by Lewis Carroll intro by Morton N. Cohen (Shawn Rocco, Lisa Larsen)
The Master and the Margarita by Mikail Bulgakov translated by Hugh Alpin (2 copies on e-stage, perhaps one carried there as it isn't in pre-show pictures) (Shawn Rocco and Sherry Lawrence pre-show)
Ulysses (Sherry Lawrence)
Paradise Lost by John Milton (Barnes & Noble version) (Sherry Lawrence)
Howl and Other Poems by Allen Ginsberg (City Lights) (Sherry Lawrence)
Howl and Other Poems by Allen Ginsberg (City Lights)(Joe Ahorro)
The Wolves of Willoughby by Joan Aiken (scatterolight)
A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess (scatterolight)
The Divine Comedy by Dante translated by Clive James (scatterolight)
© Christopher Jenkins and Aaron Sams, 2015.
Bono Reads from Howl (New York 7, July 30, 2015)
[ i] Screencaps from youtube videos by terrorstitch and u2montreal2015 https://youtu.be/h1qztT6NLhs and https://youtu.be/OJZJklXCcqg
[ii] Picture Christopher Jenkins, copyright Christopher Jenkins 2015.
[iii] See the sjgomez video mentioned in the previous article on Alice in Wonderland confetti: https://youtu.be/YMaDvXliAnw
[iv] https://twitter.com/scatterolight/status/620039615156781056
[v] Pictures Annathaemah, copyright Annathaemah 2015.
[vi] Pictures 6 and 7 Annathaemah, pictures 8 and 9 Chris, pictures copyright Annathaemah and Christopher Jenkins, respectively, 2015.
[vii] https://twitter.com/NateU2/status/602305518644801537
[viii] That can make things confusing, for example when someone says they just caught a piece of Alice in Wonderland, is it a torn up book or confetti?
[ix] http://livedesignonline.com/u2-innocence-experience-tour-2015/es-devlin-u2-s-innocence-experience-part-1
[x] Willie Williams has mentioned the confetti though: http://livedesignonline.com/u2-innocence-experience-tour-2015/willie-williams-u2-s-innocence-experience-part-4
[xi] Book series also seem to have a role with these two by Lewis, the Wolves of Willoughby series, and the Left Behind Series by Time LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins (no relation) – Nicolae, Apollyon, Tribulation Force, and Left Behind having been seen.
[xii] Aslan is the Lion representing Christ in the Narnia series
[xiii] https://youtu.be/iXlsbEM9-CM
[xiv] Based on bethandbono's picture, comparing the length and cover
[xv] Apparently thrown prior to the Toronto shows, according to mdmomof7, but not listed by date here until the exact date can be confirmed.
[xvi] This is also a reason to have pictures – with varying editions of a work being present, a critical edition may only pop up once for a book used repeatedly if it is out of print. Notice Sherry Lawrence identified the Barnes & Noble version of Paradise Lost in Boston. The edition of Ulysses in Boston was one I don't recognize, and intriguing as it appears too short, unless it has a tiny typeface. The Screwtape Letters may lack "Screwtape Proposes a Toast." Consider also that at least two of the six or more different English translations (some from censored original text, some not) for The Master and Margarita have been seen: the Mira Ginsburg translation (picture copyright u2hibby 2015)
and the Hugh Alpin translation (see https://twitter.com/tassoula/status/620009202921132032 ). This brings up the additional trend of censored books, in addition to The Master and Margarita, Alice in Wonderland, Ulysses, and The Grapes of Wrath fit that category. So is Bono going through the same exercise of intolerance of ideas as book burners or banners? Or is this blind rage at an absence of answers – still not having found what he's looking for when his need is greatest.
[xvii] Tim C later said it was an older book, so potentially the book put out by Life magazine, though if it was The World I Live In, it would be by Helen Keller.
[xviii] Bloomsday for James Joyce fans among other things.
[xix] Uncertain which book
[xx] maybe Horace? – the Epodes would be fitting
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Carolyn is an Executive Agent-Personal Lines in Assure America's Kentucky office. She joined the company in 2015 after working with nonprofits for eight years. Carolyn graduated from the University of Dayton in 2005 with a degree in Communications and Marketing.


You can use the RMAN DUPLICATE command to create a duplicate database from backups of the target database (primary database) while retaining the original target database. The duplicate database can be identical to the target database or contain only a subset of the tablespaces in the target database. The target site and the duplicate site can be on separate hosts or on the same host.
A duplicate database is distinct from a standby database, although both types of databases are created with the DUPLICATE command. A standby database is a copy of the primary database that you can update continually or periodically with archived logs from the primary database. If the primary database is damaged or destroyed, then you can perform failover to the standby database and transform it into the new primary database. A duplicate database, on the other hand, cannot be used in this way: it is not intended for failover scenarios and does not support the various standby recovery and failover options.
To prepare for database duplication, first create an auxiliary instance as described in "Preparing the RMAN DUPLICATE Auxiliary Instance: Basic Steps". For the duplication to work, you must connect RMAN to both the target (primary) database and an auxiliary instance started in NOMOUNT mode.
Allocate at least one auxiliary channel on the auxiliary instance. The principal work of the duplication is performed by the auxiliary channel, which starts a server session on the duplicate host. This channel then restores the necessary backups of the primary database, uses them to create the duplicate database, and initiates recovery.
So long as RMAN is able to connect to the primary and auxiliary instances, the RMAN client can run on any host. All backups and archived redo logs used for creating and recovering the duplicate database, however, must be accessible by the server session on the duplicate host. If the duplicate host is not the same as the target host, then you must make backups on disk on the target host available to the duplicate host with the same full path name as in the primary database.
Manually transfer the backups from the primary host to the remote host to an identical path. For example, if the backups are in /dsk1/bkp on the target host, then transfer them to /dsk1/bkp on the duplicate host.
Manually transfer the backups from the primary host to the duplicate host at a new location. For example, if the backups are in /dsk1/bkp on the target host, then you might transfer them to /dsk2/dup on the duplicate host. The new path—in this example, /dsk2/dup—must be accessible from both the target and duplicate hosts. Run the CATALOG command to add these copies to the RMAN repository at the duplicate host.
Use NFS or shared disks and make sure that the same path is accessible in the remote host. For example, the NFS mount point for both hosts could be /home/file_server.
When using tape backups, you must make the tapes containing the backups accessible to the remote node. You can achieve this goal by physically moving the tape to a drive attached to the remote host or by means of a network-accessible tape server.
You can run the DUPLICATE command with or without a recovery catalog.
You can skip read-only tablespaces with the SKIP READONLY clause. Read-only tablespaces are included by default. If you omit them, then you can add them later.
You can exclude tablespaces from the duplicate database with the SKIP TABLESPACE clause. You can exclude any tablespace except the SYSTEM tablespace or tablespaces containing rollback or undo segments.
You can create the duplicate database in a new host. If the directory structure is the same on the new host, then you can specify the NOFILENAMECHECK option and reuse the target datafile filenames for the duplicate datafiles.
You can duplicate a target database stored on a traditional file system to an ASM or Oracle Managed Files location.
You can register the duplicate database in the same recovery catalog as the target database. This option is possible because RMAN gives the duplicate database a new, unique DBID during duplication.
If you copy the target database by means of operating system utilities, then the DBID of the copied database remains the same as the original database. To register the copy database in the same recovery catalog with the original, you must change the DBID with the DBNEWID utility (refer to Oracle Database Utilities).
In some cases, you can set the duplicate database DB_NAME differently from the target database DB_NAME. More specifically, if the duplicate database exists in the same Oracle home as the target, then the DB_NAME initialization parameter must be different. If the duplicate database is in a different Oracle home from the target database, then the DB_NAME setting for the duplicate database must be unique among databases in its Oracle home. This is true whether or not the duplicate database is on the same host as the target.
Duplicating a database with RMAN involves a number of prerequisites and restrictions. Review the restrictions section of the DUPLICATE command in the Oracle Database Backup and Recovery Reference for a complete list.
The rules of precedence for determining the names for the duplicate database control files are the same used by the SQL statement CREATE CONTROLFILE. When choosing names for the duplicate control files, make sure you set the parameters in the initialization parameter file of the auxiliary database correctly; otherwise, you could overwrite the control files of the target database.
RMAN needs new names for the online redo log files of the duplicate database. Either you can specify the names explicitly in the DUPLICATE command, or you can let RMAN generate them according to the rules listed in Table 13-1.
Creates online redo logs as specified.
For details on the use of LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT with Oracle Managed Files (OMF), see "Initialization Parameters for RMAN DUPLICATE to OMF Storage".
RMAN uses the REUSE parameter when creating the logs. If an online log file already exists at the named location and is of the correct size, it is reused for the duplicate.
Set one of the Oracle Managed Files initialization parameters DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST, DB_CREATE_ONLINE_DEST_n, or DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST.
Transforms target filenames based on the parameters set. The rules of precedence among these parameters are the same used by the SQL statement ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE.
Makes the duplicate filenames the same as the filenames from the target. You must specify the NOFILENAMECHECK option when using this method, and the duplicate database should be in a different host so that the online logs of the duplicate do not conflict with the originals.
Rules higher in the order of precedence override rules lower in the list. For example, if you specify both the LOGFILE clause and the LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT parameter, then RMAN uses the LOGFILE clause.
If the target and duplicate databases are in the same host, then do not use the name of an online redo log currently in use by the target database.
Do not use the name of an online log currently in use by the target database if the duplicate database is in a different host and NOFILENAMECHECK is not used.
Use the RMAN command SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE within a RUN block that encloses both the SET NEWNAME commands and the DUPLICATE command.
Use the RMAN command CONFIGURE AUXNAME to specify new names for existing datafiles. Run the CONFIGURE AUXNAME command before the DUPLICATE command.
Specify the DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT parameter on the DUPLICATE command to specify a rule for converting filenames for any datafiles not renamed with SET NEWNAME or CONFIGURE AUXNAME.
The DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT clause of the DUPLICATE command cannot be used to control generation of new names for files at the duplicate instance which are Oracle Managed Files (OMF) at the target instance. See Oracle Database Backup and Recovery Reference for details on this restriction.
Set the DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameter.
The DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameter cannot be used to control generation of new names for files at the duplicate instance which are Oracle Managed Files (OMF) at the target instance. It is subject to the same semantics and limitations as the DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT parameter to the DUPLICATE command. It See Oracle Database Backup and Recovery Reference for details.
Set the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter to create Oracle Managed Files datafiles at the specified location.
If you do not use any of the preceding options, then the duplicate database reuses the original datafile locations from the target database.
It is possible for CONFIGURE AUXNAME, SET NEWNAME, or DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT to generate a name that is already in use in the target database. In this case, specify NOFILENAMECHECK on the DUPLICATE command to avoid an error message.
Even though you issued SET NEWNAME commands for all the datafiles, the DUPLICATE command fails because the duplicate filenames are still in use in the target database. Although datafile 1 in the target is not using /oracle/data/file2.f, and datafile 2 in the target is not using /oracle/data/file1.f, the target filename is used by one of the duplicate datafiles. Thus, you must specify DUPLICATE ... NOFILENAMECHECK to avoid an error.
Use the SET NEWNAME FOR TEMPFILE command within a RUN block that encloses both the SET NEWNAME commands and the DUPLICATE command.
Specify the DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT clause to the DUPLICATE command to specify a rule for converting tempfiles not renamed with SET NEWNAME or CONFIGURE AUXNAME.
The DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT clause cannot be used to control generation of new names for files at the duplicate instance which are Oracle Managed Files (OMF) at the target instance. See Oracle Database Backup and Recovery Reference for details on this restriction.
The DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameter is subject to the same semantics and limitations as the DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT parameter to the DUPLICATE command.See Oracle Database Backup and Recovery Reference for details.
Set the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter to create Oracle Managed Files tempfiles.
When you specify SKIP READONLY, RMAN does not duplicate the datafiles of read-only tablespaces. After duplication is complete, you can query the views in the duplicate database described in Table 13-2 and Table 13-3 to determine which datafiles were skipped. The STATUS and ENABLED columns describe the current status of the duplicate datafile.
When tablespaces are taken offline with the OFFLINE NORMAL option before a DUPLICATE operation, RMAN does not duplicate the datafiles of these tablespaces. After duplication, you can manually add or drop these tablespaces. Query the views in the duplicate database described in Table 13-4 and Table 13-5 to determine which datafiles are offline, based on the STATUS and ENABLED columns.
RMAN duplicates tablespaces that are taken offline with the IMMEDIATE option, because such a tablespace requires recovery. As with online tablespaces, RMAN requires a valid backup for duplication.
Create a client-side initialization parameter file for the auxiliary instance. The parameters listed in Table 13-6 must be set to the values specified.
The same name used in the DUPLICATE command. You must set the DB_NAME parameter in the duplicate parameter file to the same database name specified in the DUPLICATE command. You cannot use the same database name for the target and duplicate when the duplicate is in the same Oracle home as the target. If the duplicate is in a different Oracle home from the target, then its DB_NAME just has to differ from other database names in the same Oracle home.
Refer to "Renaming Control Files in RMAN DUPLICATE DATABASE".
The block size for the auxiliary database must match that of the target database. If the target database parameter file contains a value for the DB_BLOCK_SIZE initialization parameter, then you must specify the same value in the auxiliary instance parameter file. If no DB_BLOCK_SIZE is specified in the target database parameter file, then do not specify DB_BLOCK_SIZE in the auxiliary instance parameter file.
You can also set the initialization parameters described in Table 13-7.
Refer to "Renaming Datafiles in RMAN DUPLICATE DATABASE". You can also specify DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT as a clause for the DUPLICATE command itself.
Refer to "Renaming Online Logs in RMAN DUPLICATE DATABASE".
If you do not set the conversion parameters shown in Table 13-7, then you can set the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST, DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n, or DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST initialization parameter. In this case, the DUPLICATE command creates the datafiles, online redo logs, and tempfiles as Oracle Managed Files. If the CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter is not set, then the DUPLICATE command also creates the control file as an Oracle Managed File.
Set other initialization parameters, including the parameters that allow you to connect as SYSDBA through Oracle Net, as needed.
When duplicating to the same host or to a new host with a different file system, pay attention to all initialization parameters specifying path names. Verify that all paths are accessible on the host where the database is being duplicated.
Example 13-1 shows sample initialization parameter settings for the duplicate database.
RMAN shuts down and restarts the auxiliary instance as part of the duplication. Hence, it is a good idea to create a server-side initialization parameter file for the auxiliary instance in the default location.
If you do not have a server-side initialization parameter file for the auxiliary instance in the default location, then you must specify the client-side initialization parameter file with the PFILE parameter on the DUPLICATE command. The client-side parameter file for the auxiliary instance must reside on the same host as the RMAN client used to perform the duplication.
Make sure backups all target datafiles are accessible on the duplicate host. If you do not have backups of everything, then the duplicate operation fails. The database backup does not have to be a whole database backup: you can use a mix of full and incremental backups of individual datafiles.
Archived redo logs required to recover the duplicate database to the desired point in time must be accessible at the same path by the node where the duplicate database is to be created. These can be available either as backups (for instance, on a media manager) or as image copies (or the actual archived redo logs). The backups or copies can be transferred to the local disk of the node that contains the duplicate database or possibly mounted across a network by some means such as NFS.
Start RMAN with a connection to the target database, the auxiliary instance, and, if applicable, the recovery catalog database. You can start the RMAN client on any host so long as it can connect to all the instances. If the auxiliary instance requires a client-side initialization parameter file, then this file must exist on the same host that runs the RMAN client.
If you do not have automatic channels configured, then before issuing the DUPLICATE command, manually allocate at least one auxiliary channel within the same RUN command. The channel type (DISK or sbt) must match the media where the backups of the target database are located. If the backups reside on disk, then the more channels you allocate, the faster the duplication will be. For tape backups, limit the number of channels to the number of devices available.
Follow the steps in "Preparing the RMAN DUPLICATE Auxiliary Instance: Basic Steps".
Specify the PFILE parameter if starting the auxiliary instance with a client-side parameter file. The client-side parameter file must exist on the same host as the RMAN client used to perform the duplication.
If you create the duplicate database on a host with a different directory structure, then you must change several initialization parameters in order to generate new filenames for the duplicate database datafiles on the new directory structure. The different techniques available are described in "Renaming Datafiles in RMAN DUPLICATE DATABASE".
This procedure assumes that you use only initialization parameters to rename the duplicate datafiles and log files.
Follow the steps in "Preparing the RMAN DUPLICATE Auxiliary Instance: Basic Steps". You can either create a client-side parameter file, or copy the parameter file from its location in the target host directory structure to the same location in the duplicate host directory structure using operating system utilities.
Review all initialization parameters that end in _DEST and specify a path name. Some may need to be changed.
Set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT so that it captures all the target datafiles and converts them appropriately, for example, from /oracle/oradata/ to /dup/oracle/oradata/.
Set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT so that it captures all the online redo logs and converts them appropriately, for example, /oracle/oradata/redo to /dup/oracle/oradata/redo.
You can set multiple conversion pairs in DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT and LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT. For example, you can specify that DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT changes /disk1/dbs to /dup1/dbs and /disk2/dbs to /dub2/dbs.
You can also use the CONFIGURE AUXNAME or SET NEWNAME commands to rename individual datafiles if you cannot easily generate all of your desired filenames using DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT patterns. As described in "Using RMAN DUPLICATE with OMF and ASM", you can also duplicate your database to an Oracle Managed Files location and let the database generate names for your files.
# by CONFIGURE CHANNEL, CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE, or CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE.
This procedure assumes that you use the DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT parameter of the DUPLICATE command to rename the duplicate datafiles, and the LOGFILE clause to specify names and sizes for the online redo logs.
Specify new filenames for the duplicate database datafiles with the DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT parameter.
Follow the steps in "Preparing the RMAN DUPLICATE Auxiliary Instance: Basic Steps", making sure to use an operating system utility to copy the parameter file from its location in the target host directory structure to the same location in the duplicate host. Set all initialization parameters that end in _DEST and specify a path name.
If channels are not configured for the auxiliary database, then allocate at least one auxiliary channel.
Follow the steps in "Preparing the RMAN DUPLICATE Auxiliary Instance: Basic Steps", making sure to use an operating system utility to copy the parameter file from its location in the target host directory structure to the same location in the duplicate host directory structure. Set all initialization parameters that end in _DEST and specify a path name.
Prepare CONFIGURE AUXNAME commands for all datafiles, to be executed before database duplication.
If you start the auxiliary instance with a client-side parameter file, then specify the PFILE parameter. The client-side parameter file must reside on the same host as the RMAN client used to perform the duplication.
Example 13-2 uses CONFIGURE AUXNAME to set new datafile names, uses automatic channels and a client-side initialization parameter file for the database duplication, and uses the LOGFILE clause to specify names and sizes for the online redo logs.
You can duplicate the database to the same Oracle home as the target database, but you must use a different database name from the target database, and convert the filenames by means of the same methods used for conversion on a separate host.
Do not use the NOFILENAMECHECK option when duplicating to the same Oracle home as the primary database. If you do, then the DUPLICATE command may overwrite the datafiles of the target database.
Set the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter to the desired OMF storage location. Any database files for which no other location is specified are created in DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST during DUPLICATE.
For a duplicate database that is not a standby database, change the value of the DB_NAME initialization parameter. For a standby database, keep DB_NAME the same, but change the DB_UNIQUE_NAME initialization parameter.
If duplicating for standby, set the STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT initialization parameter to AUTO.
Do not set the CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter if you want to create the new control files as Oracle Managed Files. Oracle recommends that you use an SPFILE at the duplicate database when using OMF for the control file.
Do not set the DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameter. This will allow the database to generate valid OMF filenames for the duplicate datafiles.
The default location for OMF files is DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST. You can override the default for individual files using SET NEWNAME, as described in "Using SET NEWNAME with RMAN DUPLICATE to OMF".
Do not set the LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameter. This will allow the database to generate valid OMF redo log filenames.
To direct duplicate database online redo log files to OMF storage, you can use the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST, DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST or DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n initialization parameters to identify an OMF location for the online logs. Table 13-8, "Oracle Managed Files Initialization Parameter Settings" explains how to choose among these options.
These decisions determine whether you use the Oracle Managed Files initialization parameters DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST, DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST, or DB_CREATE_ONLINE_DEST_n.
Table 13-8 explains the required initialization parameter values, depending upon your requirements.
The procedure for creating a duplicate database to an Automatic Storage Management (ASM) location is similar to the procedure described in "Initialization Parameters for RMAN DUPLICATE to OMF Storage". The difference is that you must edit the initialization parameter file in the auxiliary instance to set all parameters that control the location where files are created at the duplicate, such as DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST, DB_CREATE_ONLINE_DEST_n, and CONTROL_FILES, to the ASM disk group.
The specified files are created with OMF names in the location specified by DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST.
This technique is similar to the scenario described in "Using RMAN DUPLICATE With SET NEWNAME: Example"
This section presents several representative examples for using RMAN DUPLICATE DATABASE.
The target database trgt is on host1 and contains eight datafiles, which are spread out over multiple directories.
host1 and host2 cannot mount each other's file systems by any means such as NFS.
You want to store the datafiles in host2 in the /oradata1, /oradata2 ... through /oradata7 subdirectories.
You have reset all initialization parameters that end in _DEST and specify a path name.
You want two online redo logs groups, each with two members of size 200 KB, which on the duplicate system will be stored in the directory "/duplogs".
Example 13-3 illustrates a script that creates the duplicate database.
# The DUPLICATE command uses an automatic sbt channel.
# and you are excluding tools from the duplicate database.
The target database trgt is on host1 and the database files are stored in a non-ASM file system.
You want to store the datafiles for dupdb to +DISK1.
You want to store two controlfiles in +DISK1.
The backups and archivelogs created by host1 are accessible by host2.
When the DUPLICATE command completes, the duplicate database is created, with datafiles, online logs and control files in ASM disk group +DISK1.
When the DUPLICATE command completes, the duplicate database is created, with datafiles, online logs and control files in ASM disk group +DISK2.
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT and LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT convert the disk group name portion of the datafile and online log filenames. The new filenames in +DISK2 are generated by ASM and do not match the original filenames in disk group +DISK1.
You are using automatic channels for disk and sbt, which are already configured.
You want to recover the duplicate database to one week ago in order to view the data in prod1 as it appeared at that time (and you have the required backups and logs to recover the duplicate to that point tin time).
The target host is host_src and the duplicate host is host_dup.
The client-side initialization parameter file on host_dup is named /tmp/initTEST.ora.
The hosts host_dup and host_src are linked by a network.
In this scenario, you can run the RMAN client (that is, run the DUPLICATE command in an RMAN session) either on host_src or host_dup.
Because the initialization parameter file used by the auxiliary instance resides on the same node as the RMAN client, you can reference the parameter file by its path name on the local system.
You can run the RMAN client on the same host as the target database rather than on the host with the duplicate database. In such a case, the client-side initialization parameter file needed by the DUPLICATE command is not located on the same node as the RMAN client.
One option is to copy the parameter file from host_dup to host_src. If the source host and duplicate host have access to the same file system by some means such as NFS, then you can also remotely mount the directory containing the parameter file by some means such as NFS, and access it directly from host_src.
The following example starts RMAN on host_src and duplicates the database. In this scenario, assume /net/host_src/tmp is an NFS mount point for /net/host_dup/tmp, so RMAN is able to access the auxiliary parameter file.
You may want to synchronize a duplicate database with the original database that was duplicated. The solution is to run the DUPLICATE DATABASE command again, essentially re-creating the duplicate database.This technique requires making complete copies of the datafiles of the duplicate database.
In this example, RMAN connects to the database on host_src as its target database and the duplicate database on host_dup as an auxiliary database. The example uses the DUPLICATE DATABASE command to transfer complete copies of all updated datafiles from the source database to the duplicate site.
This example makes the same assumptions about file names, locations, and the datafiles to be duplicated in "Duplicating When the Datafiles Use Inconsistent Paths: Example".
As an initial setup step, the CONFIGURE command is used to set persistent new names for the datafiles. These new names are recorded in the control file and used every time you perform the duplication in the future.
The script shown in Example 13-4 performs the one-time setup of the names for the datafiles.
# and in this example you are excluding tools from the duplicate database.
Run the script in Example 13-5 whenever you want to synchronize the duplicate with the source database. For example, you might run the script daily or weekly.
You can create an incremental backup of the target database containing changes to the database since the creation of the duplicate or the previous syncrhonization. You can apply the incremental backup to the standby database.
This technique cannot be used to update a duplicate database.
RMAN enables you to synchronize a standby database with a primary database by creating an incremental backup at the source database that contains all changed blocks since the duplicate was created or last refreshed. You then apply the incremental backup to the standby database, which updates it with all changes.
This capability facilitates the temporary conversion of a physical standby database into a reporting database, as described in Oracle Data Guard Concepts and Administration. In particular, this capability makes it possible to reverse the effects of converting the standby into a reporting database. After the standby database has been used for reporting or testing, Flashback Database can reverse any changes resulting from that work, returning the database to its contents when it was still a standby. An incremental backup created with BACKUP INCREMENTAL... FROM SCN can be used to refresh the standby with changes at the primary since the conversion and then managed recovery can resume. The effect is to return the reporting database to its role as standby.
For more details on this scenario, see Oracle Data Guard Concepts and Administration.
RMAN uses the selected SCN as the basis for this incremental backup. For all files being backed up, RMAN includes all data blocks that were changed at SCNs greater than or equal to the FROM SCN in the incremental backup.
RMAN does not consider the incremental backup as part of a backup strategy at the source database. The backup is not suitable for use in a normal RECOVER DATABASE operation at the source database.
The backup sets produced by this command are written to ?/dbs by default, even if the flash recovery area or some other backup destination is defined as the default for disk backups.
You must create this incremental backup on disk for it to be useful. When you move the incremental backup to the standby, you must catalog it at the standby as described in "Step 3: Catalog the Incremental Backup Files at the Standby Database". Backups on tape cannot be cataloged.
This example shows the steps required to update a standby database using incremental backups. The assumption is that you have already activated the standby, performed your tests or other operations at the standby, and then used Flashback Database to undo the effects of those changes. The task here is to refresh the standby with the latest changes to the primary, so that it can resume its role as a standby database.
Create the needed incremental backup at the source database, using BACKUP with the INCREMENTAL FROM SCN clause.
Assume that the incremental backup to be used in updating the duplicate database is to be created on disk, with the filenames for backup pieces determined by the format /tmp/incr_for_standby/bkup_%U.
Make the backup pieces containing the incremental backup available in some directory accessible on the system containing the standby database. For this example, assume that the destination directory is called /standbydisk1/incrback/ and ensure that it contains nothing besides the incremental backups from Step 1.
The backups are now available for use in recovery of the standby.
You can now resume managed recovery at the standby. Any redo logs required at the standby with changes since those contained in the incremental are automatically requested from the primary and applied.


The most successful writing sessions aren't necessarily the ones you spend writing. Starting the week off with a successful writing session usually outlines the greater ideas that are going to follow as the week progresses, at least in my experience. Today, I have not written an entire chapter, nor have I spent any time editing. However, I can feel the ideas well up inside me, ready to burst. I can feel my writer's block deteriorate, and that to me is just the beginning.
I've been working hand in hand cowriting a story with a dear friend of mine, and having someone else around, sharing ideas can really help when the ideas seem to have stopped flowing. That innate ability to create has seemingly been running dry as of late, so much so that even when I do spend time writing, I do not feel as satisfied. Currently. I have the will to sit here and write twenty pages, create something that rivals my very own ability, my very own writing style. That is how you know that your writing style has begun to evolve. She and I began writing this story a year ago, now, as we pick it back up and began the rewriting process, so much about the storyline has changed. So much about our writing styles have changed.
Do you have a novel hauled up in the back of your computer, written down in a journal somewhere collecting dust? I have an entire folder that I dedicated to ideas that fell through, and it is now that I realize how useful those ideas can be. Take a moment, print some things out, grab a pen, and have a read. You'd be surprised at what you can find lurking within your own words. This is your creation, these ideas were once the center of your thought process. Give it another go, there's so much more to the story, and that is up to you.
I would like to repost your work on my Writing blog, but your reblog button does not seem to be working. Could you check on that?
I do apologize for the inconvenience, it's not working on my end either. Though, there's always the "Press This" option. I will continue to look into it.


text:
Xeyes är ett datorprogram som ingår i de flesta implementationer av X Window System (ett fönstersystem för Unix och andra operativsystem). Xeyes öppnar ett fönster med två ögon som följer muspekarens rörelser över skärmen. Programmet skrevs ursprungligen för fönstersystemet NeWS omkring 1988, och överfördes senare till X. Liknande program finns för Macintosh, Windows och Java. Xeyes iakttar vad du håller på med och berättar för chefen, åtminstone enligt manualen.

Se även
Lista över datorspel för Linux

Datorprogram

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: R script to generate all combinatorics of two identical lists including incomplete lists I think this problem can be solved in many different ways, but I basically want to find a function that will give me a dataframe with every combination of values from a list into its columns, including the incomplete sets and excluding some, but not all, redundant combinations (order isn't important for now).
So I might start out with a list like this:
 List = c("A","B","C")

and I want to get a dataframe that looks like
C1 = c("A","B","C","A","A","B","A")
C2 = c("","","","B","C","C","B")
C3 = c("","","","","","","C")
df <- cbind(C1, C2, C3)
row.names(df) <-  c("A", "B", "C", "AB", "AC", "BC", "ABC")
colnames(df) <- c("First_Item", "Second_Item","Third_Item")

And then it fills in each cell with the corresponding letter.
e.g. position A1 in the df would be "A", positions A2 and A3 would be empty.
any idea how to do this?
I tried with dplyr:
library(tidyr)
list_1 = c("A", "B", "C", "NA")
list_2 = c("A", "B", "C", "NA")
list_3 = c("A", "B", "C", "NA")
list_4 = c("A", "B", "C", "NA")
test <- crossing(list_1, list_2,list_3,list_4)
test <- test[apply(test, MARGIN =  1, FUN = function(x) !(duplicated(x) | !any = "NA")),]

But I want to keep all the values with multiple NAs in them, so this doesn't quite work.
expand.grid has the same problem
expand.grid(list_1 = c("A", "B", "C", "NA"),list_2 = c("A", "B", "C", "NA"),list_3 = c("A", "B", "C", "NA"),list_4 = c("A", "B", "C", "NA"))

A: That's basically Roland's answer:
library(magrittr) # just for the pipe-operator

List %>%
  seq_along() %>%
  lapply(combn, x = List, simplify = FALSE) %>%
  unlist(recursive = FALSE) %>%
  sapply(`length<-`, length(List)) %>%
  t() %>%
  data.frame()

returns
  X1   X2   X3
1  A <NA> <NA>
2  B <NA> <NA>
3  C <NA> <NA>
4  A    B <NA>
5  A    C <NA>
6  B    C <NA>
7  A    B    C

Further more you could use the dplyr and tidyr packages to replace NAs. Just add one more function into the pipe:
mutate(across(everything(), replace_na, ""))

A: Here is my approach:
library(purrr)

List <- c("xA","xB","xC") # arbitrary as per request in comments

seq_along(List) %>% # h/t @MartinGal
  map(~ combn(List, m = .x) %>%
          apply(2, paste, collapse = "<!>")) %>%
  unlist() %>%
  tibble::tibble() %>%
  tidyr::separate(1, into = c("First_Item", "Second_Item", "Third_Item"),
                  sep = "<!>")

Returns:
# A tibble: 7 x 3
  First_Item Second_Item Third_Item
  <chr>      <chr>       <chr>
1 xA         NA          NA
2 xB         NA          NA
3 xC         NA          NA
4 xA         xB          NA
5 xA         xC          NA
6 xB         xC          NA
7 xA         xB          xC

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Registration is free and space is still available.
One of the most appealing aspects of this conference is that it is a remote access conference which means that as long as an individual registers and has an internet connection, they will be able to take part, even from the comfort of their own homes.
The conference format provides a platform for a diverse group of students, postdocs and established scientists to come together and discuss current issues affecting science such as advances in HIV cure research, healthcare reforms and bridging the gap between academia and industry. Another advantage of the conference is that registration is free and there are a number of awards designated for top presentations in the various categories.
The Beyond Sciences Initiative is a not-for-profit network that aims to provide the opportunity for scholars from all over the world to interact with each other. They provide mentorship programs and host the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Scholarship for international research travel which is available to citizens of Commonwealth countries.
The organisation also engages in local and international outreach programs. The conference is another way the organisation hopes to bridge the gap between scientists from across the globe and aid in the formation of international collaborations and exposure of research from all over the world.
The conference begins at 7am EST on the 28th January, 2017 and will be broadcast live from the BSI website. All registrants will have access to the conference through the website from wherever they are in the world. Currently, there are registrants from 36 countries and 60 different institutes.
The keynote speakers include Dr Josef Penninger from Austria who will be talking on the subject of breast cancer. Dr Katie Flanagan from Australia will be sharing on the challenges facing vaccination. Dr Thumbi Ndung'u from South Africa will be speaking on HIV functional cures and the Jennifer Towne who works in industry in the United States of America will be discussing the latest findings on therapeutics for autoimmune diseases.


text:
Der Marché de Katako ist ein Markt in Niamey in Niger.

Lage und Charakteristik
Der Marché de Katako gilt als der wichtigste und zugleich als der am wenigsten kontrollierte Markt Nigers. Er liegt im Süden des Stadtteils Boukoki und gehört zum Arrondissement Niamey II. Er erstreckt sich über eine Fläche von mehr als 15 Hektar. Der Marché de Katako bietet den Händlern im Unterschied zu anderen Märkten in Niamey wie dem Grand Marché keine moderne Infrastruktur. Die umliegende Gegend zählt zu den ärmsten Wohngebieten der Stadt.

Der Handel wird von hausasprachigen Gruppen aus Ader in der Region Tahoua dominiert. Ferner gibt es unter den Händlern Zarma-Sprecher sowie dogon- und bambarasprachige Migranten aus Mali. Der Markt ist zudem ein wichtiger Sammelplatz für Bettler, zu denen Fulbe aus der Region Tahoua gehören, von denen einige seit Jahren regelmäßig mit Buschtaxis nach Niamey fahren.

Geschichte
Der Marché de Katako wurde 1960 gegründet. Das Gelände gehörte ursprünglich dem Unterrichtsministerium. Das Hausa-Wort katako bedeutet "Brett"; in Kombination mit dem französischen Wort marché für "Markt" heißt Marché de Katako folglich "Bretter-Markt". Dies verweist auf den Ursprung des Marktes als Umschlagplatz für aus Ghana importierte Bretter. Das Warenangebot wurde zunächst allgemein auf Baumaterialien sowie auf Alteisen erweitert und schließlich weiter diversifiziert.

Ein Feuer zerstörte am 13. April 2005 drei Viertel der Fläche des Marktes. Der entstandene Sachschaden war beträchtlich. Die rasche Ausbreitung des Feuers wurde durch die unreglementierte Anlage der Marktstände und deren Bauweise aus leicht brennbaren Materialien wie Holz und Bambus begünstigt. Erneut von Feuerausbrüchen heimgesucht wurde der Markt in den Jahren 2006, 2009 und 2015.

Warenangebot
Auf dem Marché de Katako wird aus Nigeria und Benin importiertes Getreide weiter ins Landesinnere verkauft. Er ist der Hauptumschlagsplatz für Zuckerrohr aus den westnigrischen Anbaugebieten wie Bengou, Dioundiou, Karakara und Zabori. Bekannt ist der Markt für seine Gemüsehändler, die ihre Waren entlang der Hauptwege zur Schau stellen. Weitere hier gehandelte Lebensmittel sind Mais, Hirse, Sorghum, Reis, Maniokmehl, Yamswurzeln und Geflügel.

Schmiede und Schreiner arbeiten auf dem Marktgelände. Bedeutende Anteile am Warenangebot haben Bretter und Baumaterialien, Kleidung, Reifen und Ersatzteile.

Literatur

Weblinks
 Benjamin Michelon, Laurence Wilhelm, Ibrahima Goumey: Diagnostic de l'armature commerciale de la ville de Niamey. Rapport final. Groupe Huit, März 2015 (PDF, französisch).

Einzelnachweise

Markt in Niger
Bauwerk in Niamey
Niamey II
Erbaut in den 1960er Jahren
Großbrand


We are now on the Legal Aid Criminal Law Panel which is exciting news for our firm.
We have recently commenced assisting clients with reviewing the legal charges they have been charged by legal firms.
What starts out as a good night out can sometimes degenerate into a series of events that were unexpected.


Mon., November 3, 2014 9:30 a.m. | Monday, November 3, 2014 9:30 a.m.
A downed overhead wire between the Dorchester and Bethel Village T stop caused delays in both red and blue line service Monday morning and continued delays through the afternoon rush hour on the blue line, according to the Port Authority of Allegheny County.
Light rail cars will ran on a single track during repairs, which created delays of 10 minutes or longer, according to the Port Authority website.
A Port Authority spokesman said no delays were expected for Tuesday morning.


Sagarmala, a project designed to modernise India's ports, threatens to wipe out the livelihoods of fisherfolk in Goa. A public hearing on the matter will be held on 5 October, 2018.
Fishing is the economic mainstay of several communities in the coastal state of Goa. But mechanisation of fishing, coupled with industrialisation and environmental degradation, is threatening the livelihoods of traditional fishing communities.
The fishing community in Khariwado, a kilometre-long stretch in Vasco da Gama, which has seen its fortunes dwindle over time, is now opposing a new project that threatens to wipe out their source of livelihood. The beach is contiguous with the Mormugao Port, one of the biggest ports in India, and has borne the onslaughts of controversial port expansion projects over the years.
"60 percent of the beach is already contaminated, and the remaining 40 percent has disappeared altogether. Further dredging will wipe out the entire beach," says Olencio Simoes, Vice Chairperson of the National Fishworkers' Forum.
The latest projects of the Mormugao Port Trust (MPT) include a fishing jetty, a passenger jetty, a POL (petroleum, oil and lubricant) jetty and general cargo berths. These projects are part of the Sagarmala Project, an initiative of the central government to modernise ports across India. The fishing jetty is proposed to be constructed in Khariwado, and the sea bed is already being dredged for the project. While the fishing community is not opposing the fishing jetty itself, they are opposing the MPT's proposal to build a 520 metre finger quay with a petroleum, oil and lubricants berth.
"The authorities are trying to trick us by saying that they are building a fishing jetty but it is actually a POL jetty", says Simoes. Residents fear that the fishing jetty could be a way to evade the NGT's order and continue to serve corporate interests.
A fishing jetty would not require the kind of dredging that the MPT is currently undertaking. In September 2016, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) had halted the dredging activity that the Trust was then carrying out for the construction of a new berth because it had begun the work before it got the Environmental Clearance to do so. Moreover, the MPT had bypassed the compulsory public hearing and the NGT also found discrepancies in the Environmental Impact Assessment Report, which the Bombay High Court upheld. A public hearing was finally held in February 2017, but 65 percent of the dredging had already been done by then.
A petroleum and oil jetty will mean greater industrial activity in the vicinity, more pollution and related health hazards, and displacement of the fishing community. Even the neighbouring Baina beach, another fishing hub, will be affected.
"If the beach ceases to exist, we will lose our way of life and our source of livelihood," says Custodia D'souza, a fisherman representing the Old Cross Canoe Owners Association. It will not only affect the local fishing community but also migrant communities who work in the Goan fishing industry, for lack of better opportunities back home. Overall, 2000 families in the area are engaged in fishing.
Residents also fear demolition and displacement. "Communities that have lived here for 200 years are being told by the MPT that their homes are going to be demolished," says Simoes. The Environmental Impact Assessment Report, however, maintains that there is no resettlement and rehabilitation plan since the project will be carried out on the existing port premises and no land will be acquired.
"The coast is nearly destroyed, Jindal is responsible for it," says Juze Roderigues, a 75-year-old from Khariwado.
Jindal Steel Works (JSW) accounts for the bulk of the operations being carried out at the Mormugao Port and the company was banned from transporting coal for flouting the permit prescribed by the Goa State Pollution Control Board. This not only affected the company's profits but also the profits of the MPT, which gets 18 percent of the revenue generated by the South West Port, the JSW berths in the Mormugao Port. However, the Board announced a fresh permit for the company in June 2018.
In the meantime, this trail of industrialisation is leaving an irreversible imprint on the lives of ordinary Goans. Fishing communities are losing their source of livelihood, people are suffering from respiratory and reproductive illnesses and conventional lifestyles– all in the name of development.
To ensure that development projects do not evade public scrutiny and transparency and that development is participatory in nature, the environment clearance process mandates that a public hearing be held, where stakeholders can have a direct interaction with government.
On 5 October 2018, an environment public hearing will be held in Vasco da Gama where residents can present their views, seek clarifications or information about the project; and hopefully, the government will listen.


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Categories: SLEDS, ENGINE OIL, 4-Cycle.


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Grand Rapids woman still looking for answers 2 years after brother's shooting death
by: Gabrielle Phifer
GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. (WOOD) — This week marks two years since the shooting death of a Grand Rapids man, Manuel Salgado. The homicide remains unsolved.
It's hard to keep the tears from falling for his sister, Amanda. She remembers vividly the night her brother died as she was home preparing dinner for her family.
Their mother, Josefina, called with disturbing news that felt unreal at the time.
"All she said on the phone your brother has been shot and you need to get to his apartment," Amanda recalled. "I thought she was joking."
When Amanda arrived to the scene on Lincoln Avenue near Second Street, she realized her and her mother's worst nightmare had come true.
Police had surrounded the quadplex her brother lived in and minutes later discovered her mother's phone call was no prank.
Manuel Salgado, 22, shot and killed on December 5, 2019.
"When I got there the roads were blocked and he had died on the scene."
Amanda says her 22-year-old brother and a female were both confronted by two men following a run to the grocery store. As they arrived to the fourplex home, they were caught by surprise by two men who were inside the hallway located in the back of the home.
Manuel questioned the intruders who replied that they were waiting for a friend inside one of the apartments.
"He had never seen any of these people ever," Amanda said. "When he was doing that, they scuffled a little bit in the hallway and I guess when He pushed them against the wall. He shot him. Just one shot."
That female victim, a family friend, was also shot and was taken to the hospital and survived the incident. The gunshots were heard by neighbors but none saw the men who got away through the front door.
"They have a description of what the men look like but we haven't had any updates or anything that could solve his murder," she said.
"Today, I will make another phone call because every month on the 5th, I call and won't stop calling because I want to know who murdered him."
Police described the two suspects as black males. One suspect was approximately 20-30 years old with braided hair and a mustache. The second suspect is between the ages of 40-50 years old.
You are encouraged to contact Silent Observer with your tips at 616-774-2345 or at silentobserver.org
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Monkeypox cases in Ontario have increased by 47% over the last 5 days
Health professionals claim that during the past five days, there has been a 47 percent increase in the number of monkeypox cases that have been reported in Ontario.
According to the PHAC, the majority of the 539 instances, which there have been in total throughout Canada, are in Ontario and Quebec.
According to health experts, the number of reported cases of monkeypox in Ontario has increased by 47% over the last five days, with Toronto continuing to see the majority of cases.
Up from 156 instances on July 14, 133 cases on July 11, and 101 cases on July 6, there are currently 230 confirmed cases in Ontario.
172 of the cases confirmed so far include residents of Toronto, according to Public Health Ontario, and all but one of the cases are in men.
In the province, eight other possible cases are still being looked into.
In other parts of Ontario, Ottawa is currently reporting 16 confirmed cases, Halton 7, Middlesex-London 9, and Hamilton 5 confirmed cases.
Also read: Ontario's government and the educations' union have started contract talks
Nine patients who needed to be hospitalized due to infection all recovered fully.
So far, all of the instances discovered in Ontario involved individuals between the ages of 69 and 20.
The most common symptoms are rashes, oral/genital lesions, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever, chills, myalgia, and weariness.
Usually, prolonged close contact between persons breathing, talking, coughing, or sneezing allows the transmission of monkeypox.
Additionally, it can persist on items like clothing or bedsheets that have come into contact with an infected person, such as skin-to-skin contact with rashes or bodily fluids.
Five to 21 days after exposure, symptoms may start to appear.
Monkeypox cases in Ontario have surged by 47% in the last 5 days. Image from CBC News
Skin-to-skin touch with an infected person can spread the infection for up to four weeks.
Anyone who visits a doctor or emergency hospital with an "unexplained acute rash or lesion(s)" is now being tested in Ontario.
Federal recommendations state that the smallpox vaccination can be helpful up to 14 days following contact with a case, although it is most effective when given within four days of exposure.
People deemed at high risk of exposure are still given the Imvamune smallpox vaccine by the City of Toronto.
A medication called TPoxx has also proven beneficial in cases where patients experience serious infection-related problems.
59 countries currently have 13,436 confirmed cases of monkeypox, including three fatal cases, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
The majority of the 539 cases, which total 539 in Canada, are in Ontario and Quebec, per the PHAC.
Tags: Monkeypox, Ontario, PHAC, Trending
Ontario's government and the educations' union have started contract talks
For a second day, Toronto is under a heat warning
COVID-19 will have a "calm summer," as per Ontario's top doctor
Two monkeypox vaccine clinics will be available in Toronto, with extended eligibility
The 7th COVID-19 wave in Ontario has peaked; says top doctor
788 new COVID-19 cases have been reported in Ontario, with 3 further deaths
As health-care pressures increase, a Toronto hospital is facing 'limited' staffing


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Adventures: Norway
THE STORY OF NAMSOS
How a concert tour of Norway played a part in the birth of the British War Memorial for the casualties of the first 'Dunkirk' – the 1940 Norwegian Campaign.
By Anda Anastasescu Gritten
Remembrance roses floating in the Namsen Fjord.
In 1999, John Gritten - journalist and author and the London Schubert Players' Trustee and honorary secretary - was writing his war memoirs, a record of six wartime years. He had been an official Royal Navy reporter for the Admiralty's press division and had his baptism of fire aged 20 in the Namsen Fjord, on the destroyer Afridi during the Allies' evacuation from Namsos, Central Norway in April - May 1940.
Full Circle was going to hold a couple of claims to uniqueness and one of them was the presentation of the Norwegian civilian interpretation of the events. In John's own words: Almost exclusively, the numerous books published since 1950s about the short-lived Norwegian Campaign have concentrated on its military and naval aspects. But what impact did the invasion, the Allied intervention and five years' Nazi occupation have on Norwegian civilians?
To be able to research the civilian dimension and collect personal information from the people of Namsos 60 years after the events, John needed to find local contacts. Serendipitously, I was just about to take the London Schubert Players string orchestra on our first concert tour of Norway and, although we were not performing in Namsos, John gave us an inspiring mission: to try and find him a Norwegian person with connections in Namsos, who could put him in touch with an official of the town. I was not at all optimistic to find such a person…but I did. It was a teacher from Lillehammer, who had offered the orchestra hospitality in his house after our concert there and who, I discovered, had personal connections at the Namsos Town Hall!
What followed is history: John was introduced to Namsos-based historian Jens-Anton Andersen who just so happened to be the son of the town's Harbour Master of 1940, who had helped the Allied cause and for which he suffered arrest, torture and captivity in concentration camps.
The meeting of the two men in London led to a significant result: the establishing of the British War Memorial at Namsos - 60 years after the town was the scene of the Second World War's first Allied evacuation - and the setting up by the Norwegians of a Namsos British War Veterans' Committee which hosts the annual May remembrance visits.
On the Norwegian National Day of 17th May 2000 I witnessed at John's side the unveiling of the British War Memorial by the British Ambassador and the jubilation that surrounded it. Since then, the London Schubert Players engaged in various professional and charitable activities in the town that had been completely re-built after being left in ruin by Luftwaffe in April 1940.
We performed in the traditional Constitution Day concerts and on occasions led the string sections of the local orchestra; we gave master classes for local schools and performed chamber music in local venues and nursing homes; and we have plans for a joint venture in 2020 to commemorate 80 years from the Allies' evacuation and the bombing of Namsos.
Above all, we took part in the ceremonies commemorating those who perished there in the war - Norwegians, British, French and Russians - and we were very moved by the throwing of the red roses at sea, above the wrecks of the lost ships. We felt privileged to share these unique moments with the war veterans themselves and to learn about little known but compelling aspects of WWII history. Emotionally and symbolically, we became carriers for the preservation of the links between past, present and future in this part of the world.
The British War Memorial, John Gritten, the Mayor of Namsos, historian Jens-Anton Andersen and the bell rescued from anti-submarine HMT Aston Villa, one of the ships bombed in the fjord.
Ceremonial event at the British War Memorial.
LSP violist Susanna Hogan enjoying the celebrations in Namsos.
Anda and John at the Mayor's lunch.
At the traditional lunch offered by the Mayor of Namsos to the British guests: LSP violinist Barbara and cellist husband Peter Rayner feeding their baby son, who made the long journey from London to Namsos and required Norwegian babysitters while his parents rehearsed and performed.
LSP's first concert tour of Norway: Anda and Aida using spare time from concerts and rehearsals.
Anda, Aida and Barbara during the tour.
Barbara with Norwegian conductor Sigmund Thorp.
Copyright © 2017-2018 London Schubert Players


Happy and cheerful tracks perfectly suited for projects needing a fun and friendly upbeat mood. These music tracks feature uplifting, optimistic melodies with catchy grooves and bright, positive chord progressions. Time to get happy!


Liverpool manager Jurgen Klopp insisted his team were denied a 'clear penalty' which could have given them victory and a seven-point lead in the title race.
Jurgen Klopp refused to be down-hearted despite his annoyance at being denied a strong second-half penalty claim in Liverpool's 1-1 draw with Leicester City.
Leicester City's charismatic Thai boss was feared dead Sunday after a helicopter belonging to the billionaire crashed and burst into flames in the football stadium car park moments after taking off from the club's pitch.
Thai businessman Vichai often takes off from the pitch in his helicopter when he attends a Leicester home game but it is not known whether he was in the aircraft when it crashed.


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Sea Eye Resort
About Sea Eye
Sea Eye Resort ("Sea Eye Resort") operates seaeye-resort.com and may operate other websites. It is Sea Eye Resort's policy to respect your privacy regarding any information we may collect while operating our websites.
Like most website operators, Sea Eye Resort collects non-personally-identifying information of the sort that web browsers and servers typically make available, such as the browser type, language preference, referring site, and the date and time of each visitor request. Sea Eye Resort's purpose in collecting non-personally identifying information is to better understand how Sea Eye Resort's visitors use its website. From time to time, Sea Eye Resort may release non-personally-identifying information in the aggregate, e.g., by publishing a report on trends in the usage of its website.
Sea Eye Resort also collects potentially personally-identifying information like Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for logged in users and for users leaving comments on seaeye-resort.com blogs/sites. Sea Eye Resort only discloses logged in user and commenter IP addresses under the same circumstances that it uses and discloses personally-identifying information as described below, except that commenter IP addresses and email addresses are visible and disclosed to the administrators of the blog/site where the comment was left.
Certain visitors to Sea Eye Resort's websites choose to interact with Sea Eye Resort in ways that require Sea Eye Resort to gather personally-identifying information. The amount and type of information that Sea Eye Resort gathers depends on the nature of the interaction. For example, we ask visitors who sign up at seaeye-resort.com to provide a username and email address. Those who engage in transactions with Sea Eye Resort are asked to provide additional information, including as necessary the personal and financial information required to process those transactions. In each case, Sea Eye Resort collects such information only insofar as is necessary or appropriate to fulfill the purpose of the visitor's interaction with Sea Eye Resort. Sea Eye Resort does not disclose personally-identifying information other than as described below. And visitors can always refuse to supply personally-identifying information, with the caveat that it may prevent them from engaging in certain website-related activities.
Sea Eye Resort may collect statistics about the behavior of visitors to its websites. Sea Eye Resort may display this information publicly or provide it to others. However, Sea Eye Resort does not disclose personally-identifying information other than as described below.
Sea Eye Resort discloses potentially personally-identifying and personally-identifying information only to those of its employees, contractors and affiliated organizations that (i) need to know that information in order to process it on Sea Eye Resort's behalf or to provide services available at Sea Eye Resort's websites, and (ii) that have agreed not to disclose it to others. Some of those employees, contractors and affiliated organizations may be located outside of your home country; by using Sea Eye Resort's websites, you consent to the transfer of such information to them. Sea Eye Resort will not rent or sell potentially personally-identifying and personally-identifying information to anyone. Other than to its employees, contractors and affiliated organizations, as described above, Sea Eye Resort discloses potentially personally-identifying and personally-identifying information only in response to a subpoena, court order or other governmental request, or when Sea Eye Resort believes in good faith that disclosure is reasonably necessary to protect the property or rights of Sea Eye Resort, third parties or the public at large. If you are a registered user of an Sea Eye Resort website and have supplied your email address, Sea Eye Resort may occasionally send you an email to tell you about new features, solicit your feedback, or just keep you up to date with what's going on with Sea Eye Resort and our products. If you send us a request (for example via email or via one of our feedback mechanisms), we reserve the right to publish it in order to help us clarify or respond to your request or to help us support other users. Sea Eye Resort takes all measures reasonably necessary to protect against the unauthorized access, use, alteration or destruction of potentially personally-identifying and personally-identifying information.
A cookie is a string of information that a website stores on a visitor's computer, and that the visitor's browser provides to the website each time the visitor returns. Sea Eye Resort uses cookies to help Sea Eye Resort identify and track visitors, their usage of Sea Eye Resort website, and their website access preferences. Sea Eye Resort visitors who do not wish to have cookies placed on their computers should set their browsers to refuse cookies before using Sea Eye Resort's websites, with the drawback that certain features of Sea Eye Resort's websites may not function properly without the aid of cookies.
If Sea Eye Resort, or substantially all of its assets, were acquired, or in the unlikely event that Sea Eye Resort goes out of business or enters bankruptcy, user information would be one of the assets that is transferred or acquired by a third party. You acknowledge that such transfers may occur, and that any acquirer of Sea Eye Resort may continue to use your personal information as set forth in this policy.
Ads appearing on any of our websites may be delivered to users by advertising partners, who may set cookies. These cookies allow the ad server to recognize your computer each time they send you an online advertisement to compile information about you or others who use your computer. This information allows ad networks to, among other things, deliver targeted advertisements that they believe will be of most interest to you. This Privacy Policy covers the use of cookies by Sea Eye Resort and does not cover the use of cookies by any advertisers.
Although most changes are likely to be minor, Sea Eye Resort may change its Privacy Policy from time to time, and in Sea Eye Resort's sole discretion. Sea Eye Resort encourages visitors to frequently check this page for any changes to its Privacy Policy. If you have a seaeye-resort.com account, you might also receive an alert informing you of these changes. Your continued use of this site after any change in this Privacy Policy will constitute your acceptance of such change.
Sea Turtles of the Caribbean
Zipping through the Dominican Republic
JoJo the Dolphin
The Destination for Conch Lovers


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Could Supervisor's Statements Regarding Biracial Dating Create a Hostile Work Environment?
Posted in Hostile Work Environment
Caucasian employee has an African American spouse with whom she has several children. The employee's supervisor begins complaining to her about his concerns that his daughter is dating an African American man and talking to her about the potential problems that might arise out of this relationship, including consequences within his extended family and for his daughter professionally. The employee tells the supervisor that she feels uncomfortable with these conversations, but he continues to make similar complaints and comments. Could the employer be found to have violated Title VII?
the ruling
A federal court in the Western District of Virginia recently found that this could constitute a hostile work environment, dismissing an employer's motion for summary judgment in a case involving similar issues. Bryson v. DLP Twin County Regional Healthcare, LLC, Case No. 7:16-cv-00233 (August 14, 2017).
Cassandra Bryson worked for the hospital as a social worker assistant. After working for the hospital for a little less than three years, Bryson was fired based on her failure to submit timely and accurate documentation about patient visits and office hours. After she was fired, Bryson claimed that the hospital had violated Title VII, both by subjecting her to a hostile work environment and by terminating her. The hospital moved for summary judgment—and while the court found that Bryson did not have a claim for discrimination based on her termination (because Bryson did not contest the facts supporting the disciplinary actions taken against her, including her termination), it also found that there was sufficient evidence to go to a jury on her hostile work environment claim.
According to Bryson, two years into her employment with the hospital, she overheard a conversation between a coworker and one of her supervisors about the fact that the hospital chaplain was dating "a black boy" and in this conversation, Baker agreed with the coworker that her husband would not be okay with their children dating anyone who was African American. Additionally, claims Bryson, there were a number of statements made to her by another supervisor (Kippy Anderson) that constituted harassment. Anderson came to Bryson's cubicle approximately 6 or 7 times within a seven month period to complain about her daughter dating another student at her college who was African American. Anderson asked Bryson if her biracial kids had a hard time "fitting in" and commented that her husband and mother would not approve of her daughter's relationship. Anderson made further comments about how detrimental it might be to her daughter's career if she took her African American boyfriend to her work Christmas party and talked about how worried she was about her daughter visiting her boyfriend's family in the ghetto. Anderson also made a number of comments about the darkness of Bryson's husband's skin.
Bryson claims that she told Anderson that these conversations bothered her, but that it was only after five or six similar conversations when Bryson got "ugly" with Anderson that Anderson discontinued this conduct.
The hospital argued that the supervisors' comments were not based on Bryson's race or the race of her children. The hospital also argued that the comments were not severe or pervasive and that although Bryson may have felt uncomfortable, the comments were not hostile or abusive.
But the court disagreed. First, the court noted that it appeared that most of Anderson's comments were directed toward Bryson specifically because she has biracial children. As to how severe or pervasive the comments were, the court explained that whether or not Bryson used the words "hostile" or "abusive," there was sufficient evidence to show that Bryson believed that these comments made her uncomfortable enough to affect her ability to work.
Furthermore, Anderson was not merely making references to race or discussing her daughter's dating life, but making comments about the strife caused by this biracial relationship. Under these circumstances, there was enough evidence to present to a jury as to whether the alleged harassment was severe or pervasive enough to support a Title VII hostile work environment claim.
Here, the employer argued that the statements made by Bryson's supervisor, while maybe insensitive or ignorant, were not meant to be harassing. And the court found that this case was a "close call." But, the bottom line was that the court found that repeated inquiries or comments from a supervisor about the color of an employee's spouse's skin or about how their biracial children were fitting in could be harassment and could result in liability under Title VII.
Tagged with: Bryson v. DLP Twin County Regional Healthcare, hostile work environment


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EXCLUSIVE: Facebook Mod Says 'Tone Down the Sarcasm' After REMOVING an Anti-ISIS Post
Britain First/Facebook
Raheem Kassam
Social networking website Facebook has apologised to the nationalist Britain First group after removing a critical post about ISIS involving a roll of toilet paper made up of the black flag used by the terrorist group.
Earlier this week, Britain First – which has been criticised by Britain's mainstream media for its direct action tactics in opposing radical Islam – reported that one of its Facebook posts had been removed by Facebook due to a 'Community Standards' violation.
The group reported that its leader, Paul Golding, was "logged out of his Facebook account and given a slap on the wrist by Facebook moderators" for posting a picture of an ISIS flag-themed toilet roll with the accompanying comment, "Soon to be stocked in the Britain First shop!"
A screengrab Britain First shared highlighting the anti-Israel groups on Facebook
Britain First then contacted Facebook demanding an explanation. A Facebook chat support employee said: "obviously it was not complying with Facebook community standards" and followed up with "I understand where you're coming from but posts like this will be taken down without doubt".
The moderator goes on, "I understand that you want to express your opinion but please do understand that Facebook is trying to treat everyone the same… I know it doesn't make sense when it comes to ISIL but those are the Policy standards of the company".
Golding asked, "So no more anti-ISIL posts?" to which the moderator replied, "I believe you can share posts about ISIL, just try to tone down the sarcasm :)".
But Facebook has since climbed down, claiming that the removal of the post, and subsequent messages, were in error.
Breitbart London contacted Facebook for comment at 3pm yesterday, and by 4pm, the company had issued an apology to Britain First.
A Facebook spokesman told Breitbart London: "We made a mistake by incorrectly identifying this post as supporting ISIS. After review, we realised that the post was mocking the terrorist group, and it has therefore been restored. We apologies for any confusion or inconvenience caused."
The social networking site is said to employ hundreds of people across offices in Dublin, Hyderabad, Austin and Menlo Park, California to help deal with high numbers of reports of offensive content.
But Britain First highlighted the hypocrisy of the website's rules, as they allow multiple pages entitled "Death to Israel", some of which contain highly inflammatory, anti-Semitic content.
Breitbart London has reached out to Britain First for comment, but at the time of publication there has been no response.
London / EuropeMediaFacebookISIS