text:
Q: Componente de Input não está alterando o valor do state Tenho um componente de Input que é um Wrapper do TextInput (react-native).
Quando digito o valor no meu componente Input e depois tento mostrar o valor da variável a qual o texto deveria ter sido atribuído, a variável aparece com o valor que ela foi criada, não sofrendo alteração.
// MyInput
import React from 'react';
import { TextInput, Text } from 'react-native';

import styles from './styles';

interface InputProps {
  label: String,
  placeholder: String,
  onChangeText: Function,
  defaultValue?: String,
  value: String,
}

const Input: React.FC<InputProps> = ({ label }: InputProps, ...props) => {
  return (
    <>
      <Text style={styles.label}>{label}</Text>
      <TextInput { ...props } style={styles.input}/>
    </>
  );
}

export default Input;

E a tela onde faço a chamada do componente:
// login
import React, { useState } from 'react';
import Input from '../../components/Input';

import { View, ImageBackground, Text, Image, Alert, Button } from 'react-native';
import styles from './styles';
import BackgroundLogin from '../../assets/images/BackGroundBanner01.png';

interface UserProps {
  email: String,
  password: String,
}

function Login() {
  const [user, setUser] = useState<UserProps> ({email: 'default', password: ''});
  return (
    <ImageBackground source={BackgroundLogin} style={styles.container}>
      <Input value={user.email} onChangeText={(text: String) => setUser({...user, email: text})} label="Email"></Input>
      <Button
      onPress={() => Alert.alert(`${user.email}`)}
      title="Testar"
      />
    </ImageBackground>
  );
}

export default Login;

Quando informo texto "Hello" no Input, e pressiono o botão de testar, a aplicação me retorna "default" que é o valor inicial que a variável foi instanciada.
Se eu remover o Wrapper e deixar direto o TextInput, o código funciona sem problemas.

Citação

A: Olá, isso aconteceu por causa que no seu wrapper você declarou:
...
const Input: React.FC<InputProps> = ({ label }: InputProps, ...props) => {
...
}

A sintaxe correta seria:
...
const Input: React.FC<InputProps> = ({ label,  ...props }) => {
...
}

Todas as props recebidas em um componente são guardadas no primeiro argumento do component. Também como pode ver eu não declarei a interface de props novamente, mas se você não passará children para esse componente não há necessidade de usar o React.FC pois ele declara tipos que você não utilizará, nesse caso ficaria assim:
A sintaxe correta seria:
...
const Input = ({ label,  ...props }: InputProps) => {
...
}

Uma curiosidade: o segundo argumento pode ser o context, mas ele estará indefinido, ao não ser que você defina o contextTypes para o componente, dessa forma:
const Input = (props, context) => {
  // esse context geralmente é utilizado junto ao redux-i18n (i18n: seu site estar disponível em vários idiomas)
  return (
   <span>{context.t('alguma-string')}</span>
  )
}

Input.contextTypes = {
    t: PropTypes.func
}

Mas claro isso não é muito utilizado devido a hook useContext.
Espero ter ajudado!

A: Como você utilizou o template typescript para codificar e no componente TextInput utilizado no seu projeto tem os tipos definidos que é Readonly<TextInputProps> que no caso particular pode ser feito uma extensão para colocar tipos diferentes a mais em seu componente personalizado, o exemplo claro é dessa interface:
interface Props extends Readonly<TextInputProps> {
  label: string;
}

Na interface Props agora além das propriedades do componente TextInput referida no Readonly<TextInputProps> tem uma label do tipo string (o tipo é sempre com o s minúsculo, e isso tem diferença do S em maiúsculo) e a partir desse contrato pode ser criado um modelo mais enxuto desse componente:
import * as React from 'react';
import { TextInput, Text, TextInputProps } from 'react-native';

interface Props extends Readonly<TextInputProps> {
  label: string;
}

const Input: React.FC<Props> = ({label, ...shared}: Props) => {
  return (
    <>
      <Text>{label}</Text>
      <TextInput { ...shared } />
    </>
  )
}

export default Input;

observando que label é separado de shared separando as propriedades e isso é repassado integramente ao componente em especifico.
Na utilização do componente fica mais simples e legível utilizando somente as propriedades que são obrigatórias:
<Input label="Input"
    value={user.email}
    onChangeText={(text: string) => setUser({...user, email: text})}
/>

e nesse caso o seu componente vai funcionar como deveria, pois não quebra os tipos das propriedades do componente como estava acontecendo.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Deleatur je znak koji se koristi u korekturi za označavanje teksta koji treba ukloniti. Tekst koji se briše se prekriži crtom, a na margini se pored njega napiše znak deleatur. Riječ deleatur dolazi iz latinskog, u značenju "neka se uništi" ili "neka se izbaci". Znak potječe iz srednjeg vijeka; njegov oblik vuče porijeklo od gotičkog slova D.

Izvor
 https://www.hrleksikon.info/definicija/deleatur.html

Interpunkcija

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Qantas has challenged Boeing and Airbus to develop an aircraft that can fly nonstop from Sydney to New York, a flight that would be nearly an entire day up in the air.
While this is all impressive and shows the limitless potential we have as humans, one thing is staying constant: the speed at which we travel has remained relatively the same. One would think these advancements in technology would encourage faster flights but airlines and aircraft manufacturers have settled on a sweet spot in terms of aircraft speed, from Mach 0.75 to Mach 0.85. This speed carefully balances out the need for fuel efficiency and timeliness of travel.
Commercial supersonic travel was around for some time but ended on October 24, 2003 with the last flight of the British Airways Concorde, a plane that could travel at Mach Two, twice the speed of sound.
A cluster of things led to the demise of the Concorde. First, one Concorde crashed killing all passengers onboard. Then, the 9/11 terrorist attacks a year later led to decreased demand for air travel. Shortly afterward, fuel costs also increased. Finally, Airbus stated that they were discontinuing the parts production line due to the handful of Concorde airplanes actually in service.
Unfortunately supersonic travel never really took off. Sonic booms caused by aircraft created noise restrictions. This among other reasons resulted in a law making it illegal to break the sound barrier over U.S. soil.
Thankfully, Congress and the FAA are finally coming to their senses. Language that would re-evaluate the ban and create rules has enjoyed healthy support in Congress as part of the FAA reauthorization bill. Ideally, there should be new rules governing the application process for companies looking to develop supersonic aircraft by the end of 2019. Then, regulations governing flights that travel faster than the speed of sound should be fully hashed out by the end of next year.
This is helping to boost along the development of a new generation of supersonic aircraft. Some companies have actually made some progress towards technical development.
NASA is also planning on testing a supersonic aircraft in the coming years, this aircraft will be called the X-59 QueSST. The jet is under construction by Lockheed Martin. When the aircraft is finally rolled out for testing, it is expected to create minimal noise if anything at all.
Spike Aerospace is developing a 12 to 18 person supersonic jet that they claim will nearly cut the time in half for a New York to Dubai nonstop flight. This aircraft is also expected to first take flight in 2023.
Boeing, of course, also decided to throw some vaporware out into the world stating that they will develop hypersonic aircraft that travel at Mach 5, that's 3,836 miles per hour. This would mean that a flight taking off from the West Coast of the United States could reach Sydney in two hours or less.
While it's nice to see aircraft being pushed to the limits to fly farther, there seems to be a diminished effort to cover these vast distances faster. The next leap in commercial aviation will be regular global supersonic service. Many of the companies mentioned above are expecting to begin service in 2023 or shortly afterward, so we only have a few more years to wait and see if it will materialize.


text:
Mike Joslin
The person who elected a Mayor and a Labour Leader
Mike Joslin, WriteYou on 21 February 2017
Like us on Facebook to get all the latest.
When I worked for Ed Miliband in 2010 after he had just been elected, I decided I wanted to get stuck into on the ground campaigning. I worked at the Oldham East & Saddleworth By-Election as Ed's representative and again in Barnsley.
After that it was suggested to me that I join the London Mayoral Election campaign team. The week before I started I got a text from someone I had heard of but never met. Simon Fletcher, Ken Livingstone's Chief of Staff and Campaign Manager.
He suggested meeting at the Bree Louise in Euston in the days before I had developed an obsession with craft beer. This was April 2011.
I turned up there and we sat outside. Immediately I knew that this man was one of the most talented operators I had ever met. As time went on I realized he was the most talented operator I had ever met. I was struck instantly by his dogged determination, strength of belief and impressive ability to motivate people.
In politics there are a lot of people who want to shout about how great they are. Sometimes I've been guilty of letting some positions I've been in go to my head. Not Simon.
Simon hates it whenever people write about him and avoids publicity as assiduously as Donald Trump uses Twitter to insult people. He avoids publicity so much the media reuse the same photo every time they write about him.
When I tell people Simon's stories like about helping to hold London together in 2005 after the London bombings or working with Ken to introduce the Oyster card, he blushes and changes the subject.
But this operator is ruthless. The man possesses incredible skill and determination to get what he wants. Many make the fatal mistake underestimating him.
I could tell hundreds of stories about Simon, many of which would have me excommunicated. But I remember him telling me in the summer of 2015 that he was going to run Jeremy's campaign. I knew that he could make Jeremy winnable. After a week I knew he would make Jeremy win.
In fact Simon Fletcher engineered an independent becoming Mayor of London, managed Ken's return to Labour and helped oversee the incredible achievements of those 8 years. He then engineered Ken's return as candidate and did far better than anyone expected in 2012. He then worked for Ed Miliband and engineered Jeremy Corbyn's win as Labour leader. A true giant of our movement.
Simon's departure from Jeremy's office is a grievous blow to the Labour movement.
I wanted to write this piece not to talk about the politics or the internal workings of the party. I simply to pay tribute to a loyal friend, tireless campaigner and a true servant of our Labour Party.
Simon has dedicated his entire life to the pursuit of justice and the man remains as brilliant now as he did when I first met him on that cold night 6 years ago.
The Party's loss, is the gain of whatever he does next.
Argue the issues with like minded people by leaving a comment below or joining the discussion here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Welcome! If you or someone you know is interested in joining Iowa Delta, we would love to hear from you. Submit the forms on the following pages. The Phi Delta Theta colony at Drake University is currently on hiatus. Phi Delta Theta will expand recruitment efforts during this transition period with the goal of recolonizing the fraternity in 2018. If you would like to be a part of bringing back Phi Delta Theta to Drake University, please let us know.
Recommend a man for recruitment.
Submit your information for recruitment.


Hawaiian Spirulina provides more nutrients than any other Spirulina on the market, due to its superior growing conditions. The algae can be added to foods, to smoothies, shakes, and drinks as a way of increasing your overall health and nutrition.
Nutrex Hawaii was founded in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii in 1990 by Dr. Gerald Cysewski, the algae are grown in ponds on a 90-acre site on the Kona coast. The water is kept pure of chemicals and contaminants. This area of coastline receives more sunlight than any other area in the USA, so the Spirulina will grow all year round.
Nutrex pride themselves on their respect for the land and sustainability. The algae are grown using pure water, drawn from the island's deep aquifer and filtered through natural lava rock. 5% of deep ocean water is added, to improve micronutrients and all the water used is recycled for the next crops.
For advice and additional information about this supplement or helpful tips, you can contact the manufacturing company directly at the following phone number: 1-808-326-1353.
Ingredients: Vitamin A (as Beta carotene), Vitamin K (K1, K2), Vitamin B12, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Sodium, Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), Phycocyanin (c, allo), Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA), Chlorophyll, Carotenoids, and Zeaxanthin.
Other ingredients: Pure Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis).
Spirulina is an extremely nutritious, concentrated superfood. A three-gram serving of the algae provides 60% of protein, a source of Vitamins A, K1, K2, B12, and iron. Vitamin A supports the immune system, the vision, skin, and bones. It's an antioxidant that helps destroy damaged cells. The K vitamins help with blood clotting and moving calcium into the bones and teeth. Vitamin B12 helps to release stored glycogen and turn it into usable energy.
The protein in spirulina is classed as 'complete.' This means it contains all the protein amino acids, both the essential and non-essential. Few plant-based foods contain all amino acids, which makes the supplement ideal for those who eat a plant-based diet, as it can be difficult to find foods containing complete proteins and vitamin B12. Spirulina is a good source of both, and Hawaiian Spirulina is certified Vegan, kosher, halal and non-GMO.
Hawaiian spirulina also contains an excellent source of phytonutrients, plant chemicals, and antioxidants that support the immunity, repair cell damage and fight aging, such as carotenoids, gamma-linolenic acid and superoxide dismutase. Oxidative stress is believed to be at the root of most degenerative change within the body.
Spirulina also contains phycocyanin, one of the most researched phytonutrients, due to its health properties. This phytonutrient is a blue pigment that improves the function of chlorophyll in plants. In the body it's an antioxidant, helping repair cells and fight against aging, but it also has a specific response to inhibiting the chemicals that cause inflammation and pain.
There are many reviews available online from customers who have tried this product.
How Much Does Hawaiian Spirulina Cost?
Hawaiian Spirulina is a lot more expensive than other similar nutritional supplements.
We can see that the benefits are many, but what are the side effects of Spirulina? The most common are sensitive skin that reacts to sunlight. This can be moderated by using a good sunscreen. Some people report digestive upsets, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. It is always possible to be allergic to the product itself, but in general, the benefits outweigh the mild side effects.
Where To Buy Hawaiian Spirulina?
Hawaiian Spirulina can be ordered online from different places but our recommendation is to either buy it directly from the manufacturer or purchase it from trusted online retailers which may offer you discounts.
We did a research on other products from Nutrex Hawaii. Here is a complete list.


text:
Odoribacteraceae  is a Gram-negative, anaerobic and non-spore-forming family in the order of Bacteroidales.

References

Further reading

Bacteroidia


text:
Washington residents voted on 15 ballot measures on November 5; here's what happened
By Jackie Mitchell
Fifteen statewide ballot measures were on the ballot in Washington on November 5, including three binding statewide ballot measures and 12 non-binding tax advisory votes.
Citizen initiated measures:
Referendum 88, which was rejected, was a statewide vote on I-1000 (an initiative to allow affirmative action that was approved by the legislature). A yes vote on R-88 was a vote to approve I-1000 and allow affirmative action policies in Washington, and a no vote on R-88 was a vote to reject I-1000 and continue to ban preferential treatment, restricting certain affirmative action policies in Washington. As of November 12, the vote on R-88 was 49.49% in favor to 50.41% against. An estimated 48,000 ballots were left to be counted, but most of them were in counties that had opposed to I-1000 according to already counted ballots.
Initiative 976 was approved. It was designed to (1) limit annual license fees for vehicles weighing under 10,000 pounds at $30 except voter-approved charges; (2) base vehicle taxes on the Kelley Blue Book value rather than 85% of the manufacturer's base suggested retail price; and (3) repeal authorization for certain regional transit authorities, such as Sound Transit, to impose motor vehicle excise taxes. As of November 12, the vote on I-976 was 53.01% in favor to 46.99% against. King County, Seattle, and Sound Transit had announced their intentions to file lawsuits over Initiative 976.
Legislative amendment:
The state legislature referred one constitutional amendment to the 2019 ballot. The amendment was approved. It authorized the Washington State Legislature to pass bills that address the succession of powers and duties of public offices when the offices' incumbents and legal successors are unavailable for carrying out the office during periods of catastrophic incidents that are considered emergencies. As of November 12, the vote on the amendment was 65.26% in favor to 34.74% against.
Tax advisory votes:
The 12 tax advisory votes were nonbinding questions that advised the legislature to repeal or maintain bills passed in the 2019 legislative session that increased taxes. A majority of voters were in favor of maintaining three bills and repealing the other nine. The 12 advisory questions on the ballot this year was the largest number of advisory questions on tax increases in Washington required by the state's automatic process. There were between three and five in 2017, 2015, and 2013.
Jackie Mitchell is a state ballot measures staff writer at Ballotpedia and can be reached at jackie.mitchell@ballotpedia.org


Battery failure is one of the most common causes of vehicle breakdown. There is usually little or no warning, before a car battery fails. This is why, as it ages, making sure that your battery is checked regularly is essential. Getting your battery checked by a QCD Automotive technician will provide you with the necessary information that can prevent premature failure and inconvenience.
The average life expectancy of a car battery is five to seven years although good driving habits can help prolong the life of your car battery and prevent vehicle breakdown. If replacement battery is needed, we can source matching quality replacement parts immediately.


text:
Delamere är en ort i Australien. Den ligger i kommunen Yankalilla och delstaten South Australia, omkring 82 kilometer sydväst om delstatshuvudstaden Adelaide. Antalet invånare är .

Trakten är glest befolkad. Närmaste större samhälle är Normanville, omkring 19 kilometer nordost om Delamere.

I omgivningarna runt Delamere växer i huvudsak städsegrön lövskog. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är juni, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är januari, med  mm nederbörd.

Källor

Orter i South Australia


text:
Q: Maximization of a total variation distance subject to another total variation distance in Markov chain Suppose two dependent random variables $X$ and $V$ from finite alphabets $\mathcal{V}$ and $\mathcal{X}$ with known joint and marginal distributions are given. Let $P_{XV}$ and $P_X$ and $P_V$ are the joint and marginal distributions.
We want to generate another random variable $Z$ (on a finite alphabet $\mathcal{Z}$) from $X$ (hence $V-X-Z$ forms a Markov chain) such that for a fixed $\epsilon>0$ we have the following total variation distance constraint $$||P_{VZ}-P_VP_Z||_{TV}\leq \epsilon.$$
My question is what is the maximum possible value for $$||P_{XZ}-P_XP_Z||_{TV}.$$
The maximum here is taken over all conditional distribution $P_{Z|X}$ which satisfies the constraint $||P_{VZ}-P_VP_Z||_{TV}\leq \epsilon.$
Note that it can be easily shown that if both $V$ and $X$ are dependent binary random variables, then if $||P_{VZ}-P_VP_Z||_{TV}=0$ implies $||P_{XZ}-P_XP_Z||_{TV}=0$, in other words, independence of $V$ and $Z$ in Markov chain $V-X-Z$ implies independence of $X$ and $Z$ too.
I should mention that my original problem was bounding the relative entropy of $D(P_{XZ}||P_XP_Z)$ subject to $D(P_{VZ}||P_VP_Z)\leq \epsilon$, however I think the above problem can give some insight as to how attack relative entropy problem.
Any comment is appreciated.


text:
Gen-Z Congressman-Elect Maxwell Frost Received A Shoutout From Matty Healy Of The 1975
Alex GonzalezContributing WriterInstagramTwitter
It's been a hell of a week for congressman-elect Maxwell Frost. This past Tuesday (November 8), Frost was elected in Florida's 10th congressional district in the US midterm elections, making him the first Gen-Z person in history to be elected to congress. To celebrate, he attended the DC show of his favorite band, The 1975, on Thursday. During the show, the band's lead singer, Matty Healy, shouted out Frost onstage.
"Unfortunately I didn't have the pleasure of meeting this person today because I thought I had COVID," said Healy to the crowd. "but there's a genuinely young man here, a 25-year-old man, Maxwell Frost… I hope I didn't get his name wrong. Is he up there? Where is he? Is he gone? Is he in the toilet? He's gone for a piss."
When Healy finally spotted Frost in the crowd, he continued, saying, "That man right there is a 25-year-old who just made his way to Congress, and I think it's about damn time that we have some 1975 fandom representation in Congress!"
Congressman-elect (and 1975 fan) Maxwell Frost gets a shout out from Matty during the DC show before "Love It If We Made It" from the1975
It's clear this was a life-changing experience for Frost. Following the show, Frost took to Twitter to reel over the performance.
The band is definitely at their best right now. The show's arch, set list, design, and performance were all spectacular. 10/10 recommend.
— Maxwell Alejandro Frost (@MaxwellFrostFL) November 11, 2022
Check out a clip from the show above
Tags: Being Funny In A Foreign Language, Matty Healy, Maxwell Alejandro Frost, maxwell frost, The 1975
The Best New Hip-Hop This Week
January 27, 2023 by: Aaron Williams
All The Best New R&B From This Week That You Need To Hear
January 26, 2023 by: Wongo Okon
All The Best New Indie Music From This Week
January 24, 2023 by: Danielle Chelosky
All The Best New Pop Music From This Week
January 17, 2023 by: Lexi Lane


Engaged over 70 immigrant business owners and community organizations in workshops to design a website and application to connect immigrant entrepreneurs to programs and service organizations that best meet their needs.
Partnered with APPCityLife, a local tech firm, to build the mobile and data platforms for the app the city is developing. This platform will help entrepreneurs avoid relying on Google searches and word of mouth to find service providers, offerings and other resources from their mobile devices.
Refined plans to launch a new Office of Immigrant and Refugee Affairs (OIRA) to connect immigrants and refugees with services that will expand their economic opportunity and family well-being.Held six deep-dive sessions to engage over 75 immigrant, tribal and creative entrepreneurs to identify needs, challenges and opportunities. The deep-dive sessions were hosted by community-based organizations, and were translated for Spanish-speaking residents.
Build a platform for entrepreneurs, with entrepreneurs. Feedback from the deep-dive and design sessions convened by the city revealed several gaps in access to information. The city used this data to design TrepConnect, a simplified app that connects entrepreneurs with the services and supports they need. Building a product like TrepConnect is most valuable when the end user is placed at the center of the design process.
Streamline your small business licensing procedure. Small business owners, especially those who may be new to the country, can easily be stymied by complicated requirements to obtain a business license. Albuquerque responded to this challenge by moving its licensing functions to the planning department, which also houses related functions such as city zoning and permits, and has the infrastructure needed to support a new licensing platform. The city's new app, TrepConnect, is designed to simplify the process for applying for business licenses.
Develop feedback loops with residents to enhance "user experience." Albuquerque's population of immigrants and refugees largely speak English as a second language. The city is currently in the process of placing bilingual kiosks in the planning department to assist users with licensing-related tasks. The city is also piloting a Navigator program to support TrepConnect, where bilingual, small-business navigators work with prospective and existing small-business owners to provide feedback and coaching on starting and growing their businesses.
Create/incentivize physical spaces for underserved populations. Since launching City Accelerator, programs such as Fatpipe, CNM STEMulus Center and the EpiCenter have emerged in Albuquerque's downtown corridor to provide networking and co-working spaces for immigrants, along with maker spaces and accelerator services to local entrepreneurs. By creating space for innovation, the city is fostering an environment for continued engagement with historically underserved populations.
A recent report by the New American Economy indicates that over 11,000 immigrants in New Mexico are self-employed. These businesses employ nearly 25,000 people statewide and generate over $190 million for the state's economy. Promoting economic development in immigrant communities is a way of empowering and creating a two-way dialogue with new Americans while growing the local economy. By engaging with immigrants and refugees, cities make a powerful commitment to include all of their residents — regardless of origin, citizenship status or language ability — in strategies that can reduce poverty and increase self-sufficiency.
Through community engagement, Albuquerque is putting its people at the center of designing and using new and existing services for business owners. The city's approach to community engagement has also put immigrant entrepreneurs at the center of the technology platform, which will help connect them to the programs and services they need to start and grow their businesses. This in turn helps Albuquerque grow its local economy.
See Albuquerque's original pitch video here.


text:
Novartis profits dip as generic rival challenges cancer drug
Swiss pharmaceuticals maker Novartis says net income from continued operations fell 13 percent in the first quarter as generic competition cut into sales of Gleevec, one of the first very effective cancer medicines.
The Basel-based company said Thursday that net income from continuing operations declined to $2.01 billion from $2.31 billion a year earlier. Sales dipped 3 percent to $11.6 billion.
Novartis noted the start of sales of a U.S. generic version of Gleevec—which had cost around $10,000 per month—in February. The company said its core operating margin fell because of the generic competition as well as investments in new product launches and a growth plan for its Alcon eye-care business.
Shares of Novartis were down 0.7 percent at 74.55 Swiss francs in mid-morning trading on the Six Swiss stock exchange.
The company reported net income fell 85 percent from $13 billion last year, which included the impact of a shake-up in its business with an acquisition of oncology and consumer health-care assets from GSK and the divestment of its vaccines and animal health businesses.
The company predicted revenues and core operating income this year would be "broadly in line" with those of 2015, and expects a rise in generic drugs to weigh on its sales by up to $3.2 billion this year, $1 billion more than in the previous year.
Novartis SA, whose group companies employ some 118,000 people worldwide, chalked up net sales of nearly $50 billion and spent nearly $9 billion on research and development in 2015.
Novartis income drops 42 pct in Q3 after sale a year earlier
© 2016 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.
Citation: Novartis profits dip as generic rival challenges cancer drug (2016, April 21) retrieved 19 July 2019 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-04-novartis-profits-dip-rival-cancer.html
Asset sales pump up Novartis profits
Novartis Q4 net profit rises to $2.0 billion
Divestment gains boost net earnings at drug company Novartis
Novartis sees 20 percent income fall due to strong dollar
Swiss drug maker Novartis posts Q4 profit drop
Dosing regimen for an old cancer drug shows new promise as an immunotherapy
Common steroid could soften up tumors for chemo
Biocompound from Atlantic Rainforest combats leishmaniasis and Chagas disease
Turbo chip for drug development
Taking opioids for pain may make it harder to find primary care, study finds


The wards of the City of DeKalb as heretofore established and as may hereafter be established shall be reapportioned according to population. In the formation of the reapportioned wards the population of each shall be as nearly equal as possible, and the wards shall be of as compact and contiguous territory, as possible.
That whenever pursuant to Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution, there shall be taken an actual Enumeration within every ten years in such manner as the Congress of the United States shall by law direct, the City Council shall, by using the census tracts derived from said Enumeration, apportion the population among the wards accordingly. Said reapportionment of population shall be completed within two years following the Federal decennial year and no later than October 1 of the current year (1972) and by that day and month every subsequent ten years hereafter.
Yesterday John Acardo, DeKalb County Clerk, confirmed that the city must have its redistricting done by October 2012. The Clerk's office has a redistricting manual for municipalities available.
Let's make this an open thread. Feel free to comment on yesterday's elections, anything.


text:
Closing addresses scheduled for ACC/SALCAB High Court case
The High Court presided over by Justice Miatta Samba has completed hearing evidence into an Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) matter involving former senior officials of the Sierra Leone Cable limited (SALCAB) and the former Permanent Secretary (PS) of the Ministry of Information and Communication. The ACC alleged that between 10 and 29 June 2016, the Paul Sandi, the Permanent Secretary at the time, Mohamed Sheriff (former Managing Director), and Idrissa Yillah (Chair) both of SALCAB conspired to and illegally withdrew, $300,000 USD (Three Hundred Thousand United States Dollars) from one of SALCAB's Account, in the guise of paying for a false contract awarded to Base Construction Services; a company owned by the Permanent Secretary, Paul Sandy. All three men were charged with Misappropriation of Public Funds contrary to Section 36(1); Failure to Comply with Applicable Rules and Guidelines Relating to the Management of Public Funds, contrary to Section 48(2)(b); and Conspiracy to Commit a Corruption Offence; contrary to 128(1) of the Anti-Corruption Act, No. 12 of 2008.
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text:
Q: What are the meanings of columns shown by readelf, while inspecting Section Headers? Can someone explain the meaning of these columns?
I use readelf to read a ELF file and can't find any rellevant info (like for objdump for example) about Section Headers columns.
For example what are 'ES', 'Lk' and 'Info' ?
What are all available flags in 'Flg' ?
'Al' means alignment ?
Section Headers:
  [Nr] Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al
  [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
  [ 1] .data             PROGBITS        3ffe8000 000120 0004fa 00  WA  0   0 16
  [ 2] .rodata           PROGBITS        3ffe8500 000620 000ea4 00   A  0   0 16
  [ 3] .bss              NOBITS          3ffe93a8 0014c8 0089d0 00  WA  0   0 16
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Thanks in advance,

A: Here is a link to the System V Application Binary Interface  where is a section header defined:
typedef struct {
    Elf64_Word  sh_name;
    Elf64_Word  sh_type;
    Elf64_Xword sh_flags;
    Elf64_Addr  sh_addr;
    Elf64_Off   sh_offset;
    Elf64_Xword sh_size;
    Elf64_Word  sh_link;
    Elf64_Word  sh_info;
    Elf64_Xword sh_addralign;
    Elf64_Xword sh_entsize;
} Elf64_Shdr;

es is actually sh_entsize, it specifies the size of an entry that the header contains (example: size of the symbol forSHT_SYMTAB and SHT_DYNSYN sections)
lk is sh_link, info is sh_info and their meaning depends on the section type
(example: sh_link contains section header index with associated string table for SHT_SYMTAB and SHT_DYNSYN sections, sh_info is usually also just header table index)
These are flags defined by the standard:
SHF_WRITE             0x1
SHF_ALLOC             0x2
SHF_EXECINSTR         0x4
SHF_MERGE             0x10
SHF_STRINGS           0x20
SHF_INFO_LINK         0x40
SHF_LINK_ORDER        0x80
SHF_OS_NONCONFORMING  0x100
SHF_GROUP             0x200
SHF_TLS               0x400
SHF_COMPRESSED        0x800

and as you wrote al is sh_align.
If you want precise description of the structure check the link.


text:
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text:
An integrated grey AHP-MOORA model for ameliorating public transport service quality
Sarbast Moslem ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4587-74821 &
Yakup Çelikbilek2
Public transport systems provide essential mobility service to citizens who do not have access to private cars. Public transport also plays a significant role in minimizing road congestions, air pollution, journey time and energy consumption. Public transport service quality need efficient strategic plans to be able to increase user's satisfaction and attract non-user's.
To achieve this target, a combined model of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Multi Objective Optimization Method by Ratio Analysis (MOORA) based on grey optimization has been adopted, as a case study, the public bus transport system in Budapest, Hungary has been opted.
The weight scores of the evaluation criteria are conducted based on transport experts' assessments. When the studies in the literature are reviewed, it is observed that the success of the MOORA technique about decision making is remarkable. Also, there is not an agreed and validated grey MOORA technique in the literature. Thus, an integrated grey AHP and grey MOORA technique is proposed in this study to evaluate the public transport service quality. Grey based multi-criteria decision making methods are very useful to decrease the subjectivity of the decision makers.
The importance of criteria has been computed by conducting grey AHP approach while the alternatives that have been preferred mostly within the certain criteria have been estimated by adopting grey MOORA method. Finally, the findings of the proposed model shed the light on "Provide new buses" as the most desired alternative for developing the service quality of public bus transport in Budapest.
The proposed model provides reliable and robust results for improving public transport service quality. The local government representatives in Budapest may use the obtained results in their future strategic plans for developing public bus transport system.
Public transport system amelioration is becoming the focal point for government local representatives, because of the sprawling urbanization phenomena which have critical impacts on many sides in everyday life. Public transport conveys many more users in much less space than personal cars, which is keeping traffic congestion lower, and also it decreases air pollution per passenger km than the standard personal cars which carrying single passenger according to American Public Transport Association (APTA), which interns bridle the greenhouse gases increase within acceptable limits. It impacts positively the economic, where users can save individuals a significant amount of money each year in avoided fuel, maintenance, parking, taxes and other expenses. Public transport is safer, not only in terms of the safety of the vehicles themselves, which are maintained much more regularly than individual automobiles, but also in terms of the time by spending transit time on reading, working, studying or many other activities or just take a nap. However, improving the efficiency of public transport system supply quality has consequently come to be considered of paramount essential issue not only because it increases users' satisfaction, but also it attracts new users which interns impact the community psychologically and economically.
To a certain degree the logicalness of any organizational strategy relays on the users, what is logical for one user may be illogical for others. In urban transport service case the objective is to design an efficient strategy for users by involving urban transport managers and planners, but the strategy should also be practical for scholars to obtain useful information to add it to the database. The categorization strategy should be easy to utilize; otherwise it will not be used and will not serve as a useful tool for promoting implementation of public transport efficiency improvement strategies.
Passengers' perception of public transport service has gained increasing attention [6]. It is currently admitted that passengers' point of view should supplement the usual indicators of quality in public transport service [44]. Passenger expression is a significant source of information in detecting the problems and developing effective strategic plans of action for quality improvement for public transport service. Assessing satisfaction has been mandatory for urban transport services [32, 60].
The perceived quality of a public transport service is the only target information for operating companies and this quality depends on several factors related to the service itself, such as, reliability [53], frequency [34], punctuality [15] and factors related to terminals and vehicles, such as, cleanliness [61], safety [14], comfort [9].
More recently, many scholars thoroughly proposed and focused the attention on the service quality of public transport and improving the system efficiency though using different methodologies, such as, Structural Equation Model (SEM), factor analysis, multiple logit approaches, Bayesian and Markov chain Monte Carlo approaches. Lai and Chen [39] argued the need for marketing strategies to rise transport system users. Lai and Chen [39] conducted multiple regression approach for ameliorating the service quality of Kaohsiung urban rail transit system. Mokonyama and Venter [43] also applied conjoint analysis to enhance service quality of public transport, however, three different evaluator groups participated in survey to reflect the real demand for each of them. De Oña et al. (2013) [17] conducted the SEM approach to evaluate the public transport service quality criteria in Granada, Spain. Friman et al. (2013) [28] adopted factor analysis method to rise public transport system's efficiency and created a public transport service satisfaction index measurement. Yaya et al. [64] respectively adopted structural equation modeling (SEM), Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis approaches to evaluate public bus transport service quality where 288 participants from different groups involved in the survey. Allen et al. [2] estimated the relationship between public transport users' satisfaction and loyalty by conducting SEM and SEM Multi-Group Analysis, which verifies as an efficient tool to detect for heterogeneity in satisfaction by time, age and travel frequency. Their study spotted the light on Loyalty affection on service quality criteria. For ameliorating the railway service quality offered in the hinterland of Milan, Allen et al. [3] used full Structural Equation Multiple Cause Multiple Indicator (SEM-MIMIC) model, which corrects for heterogeneity in the perceptions of users regarding satisfaction with the various service attributes, with the overall service, and with loyalty. The improvements will ultimately attract new users and lead to more sustainable system. Tsionas et al. (2017) [59] respectively utilized Bayesian and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to enhance the U.S. airline industry supply quality. Nesheli et al. [47] respectively used the conjoint model to shed the light on the importance of reliability as a significant service quality criteria of public transport in two mega cities, Lyon, France and Auckland, New Zealand. To recognized passengers real demand and reduce the gap between local government representatives' and citizens', Duleba and Moslem [23] pointed out the demand of improving public bus transport and highlighted the differences in preferences among different stakeholder groups. These views are shared by Hutchinson [33] when pointing out the difference between citizens and operators point of views toward developing transportation system. Kujala et al. [37] applied the concept of Pareto optimality journey alternatives to evaluate public transport system through analyzing travel time and measuring the expected transfers number. Sun et al. [54] emphasized the service quality impact on user satisfaction, especially with bus stops and waiting time, as a methodology, they used asymmetric importance-performance analysis.
Adopting Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodologies for improving the service quality of public transportation highlights significant recognition of subjective impact issues on the final ranking of alternatives. Another significant issue for implementing MCDM methodologies in the area of public transportation is that they can deal with such complex issues with limited requirements.
In real world complex problems, the vagueness enhances because of the inconvenient human decisions and imprecise information. Grey systems theory is a significant methodology that provide to integrate uncertainty and ambiguity into the evaluation process [62].
The aim of this study is to prioritize public bus transport service quality criteria and shed the light on the most significant alternative for improving service quality of public bus transport system. As a methodology, the Grey Analytic Hierarchy Process (Grey AHP) approach has been conducted in order to rank the most important service quality criteria for public bus transportation system, moreover, Multi-Objective Optimization Method by Ratio Analysis (MOORA) has been applied to contrive the appropriate alternative for supporting future decision strategic plan. The prioritization has been done separately by transport experts who are real users for public bus transport in Budapest city, Hungary.
Literature review on MCDM methodologies and public transport service quality
The supply quality criteria of public transport system have been thoroughly investigated in the recent years. A specific attention has been paid to on-board physical and mental comfort [1, 18, 31, 42], system reliability [20, 27, 53], system accessibility [45, 50], safety at stops [13, 26] and safety on-board [8, 48].
Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodologies effectively implemented to public transportation system developing problem in literature, such that several types of MCDM methods have been used in different transport sectors to evaluate service quality, planning problems and selecting alternatives. One of the most and widely adopted approach to derive criteria weight scores in multicriteria evaluation is Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. Saito [51] respectively utilized AHP to analyze bridge developing programs and different decision makers point of views were aggregated. Tracz and Wawrzynkiewicz [57] applied AHP to choose the most significant public transport system alternatives. Tabucanon and Lee [55], employed AHP to evaluate rural highway developing projects in Korea, highlighted the efficiency of AHP in providing much more balanced results than conventional economic evaluation approaches when many complex criteria are compared. Gercek et al. [29] used AHP to enumerate the alternatives of rail networks in Istanbul, Turkey. As a general form of AHP, Jharkharia and Shankar [35] used Analytic Network Process (ANP) for selection of a logistic service provider. Chang et al. [10] used ANP to select the best alternative revitalization strategies for the Alishan Forest Railway project. Ghorbanzadeh et al. [30], in their study of evaluation public bus transport supply quality improvement in Mersin, Turkey, conducted interval AHP approach, 24 criteria and sub-criteria were estimated. Nalmpantis et al. [46] have proposed AHP approach to evaluate a set of innovation ideas for enhancing public transportation system and make it more attractive, the suggestions were recommended by the users and non-users.
However, the previous studies do not concern the uncertainty of decision data of evaluator behavior. To overcome the subjectiveness of evaluator behavior, Chang and Yeh (2002) [11] respectively adopted TOPSIS based on the concept of fuzzy set theory to improve service quality of airlines in terms of users' point of views. The alternatives ranking support airlines operators in their future strategic plans. Tsaur et al. (2002) [58] proposed AHP and TOPSIS approaches based on fuzzy sets to enumerate service performance criteria weights and obtain alternatives ranking. They found that the fuzzy set theory can be employed very effectively to enumerate service performance. Lupo [41] used an integrated AHP approach with fuzzy set theory to ameliorate transportation service quality in Palermo, Italy. For enumerating risk factor of urban rail transport system in Tehran, Iran, Baradaran [4] proposed AHP based on the grey number scores, the model can help to complete the uncertainty of evaluators answers and incomplete information in the survey. Li et al. [40] focused on evaluating in-flight service quality which consider essential part in the air travel service process in China, they used fuzzy AHP based on 2-Tuple fuzzy linguistic method. Moslem et al. [44] used triangular fuzzy set with interval AHP to evaluate the supply quality criteria related to public bus transport system in Mersin, Turkey. The conducted results illustrated the efficiency of the proposed model to deal with vague concepts in the available data.
The proposed integrated grey AHP-MOORA model
The proposed integrated grey AHP-MOORA model is introduced in this section. In the first sub-section, grey AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method is explained in detail step by step. And then, in the second sub-section, grey MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis) method is explained in detail step by step.
The analyzed criteria of public bus transport service quality
The focal point of this study is proposing an empirical case to evaluate the service quality being one of the most important main supply quality criteria of public bus transport. For this aim, 5 main criteria of public bus transport service quality (Approachability, Directness, Reliability, Time availability and Speed) and 10 sub-criteria have been obtained from experts' perspective and from literature (Table 1). As a methodology, AHP approach based on the grey number scores used to determine weights of criteria, while MOORA method used to rank the alternatives, via expert surveys. The 10 experts are selected from the faculty of transportation engineering to boost the objectivity of the results as much as possible. The presented approach supports local government representatives in their future developing strategic plans for public bus transportation system to further improve service quality.
Table 1 The analyzed criteria of public bus transport service quality
The Grey analytic hierarchy process
Analytic Hierarchy Process was firstly introduced by Saaty in 1977 [49]. AHP method has an increasing usage since the day it was first introduced. It has used to form the basis of the other MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making) methods and also integrated with the other methods. In recent years, the grey and fuzzy methods has been being developed for the group decision making and to decrease the subjective judgements in the MCDM process. However, totally grey AHP and grey MOORA methods have not been developed and also used in public transportation applications. Wang and Liu [62] was proposed a grey AHP method to evaluate the urban public traffic line network. But, in the proposed grey AHP method, the authors whitened the grey evaluations right after obtaining the grey evaluations. So, the authors continued the calculations of the evaluations by using classic AHP method. We cannot say it was a totally grey AHP method from the pairwise comparisons to the final ranking results.
In this study, the public transport service quality has been evaluated by using the proposed grey AHP and grey MOORA methods, in which grey numbers are used, instead of the classic AHP and classic MOORA methods, in which classic numbers are used. The proposed grey AHP method used in this study is introduced step by step below (Fig. 1).
The framework of the proposed grey AHP-MOORA method
Step 1: defining the problem
Solutions of all problems start with the complete definition of the problems. In MCDM problems, the calculations are started by defining the aim of the problem, alternatives and criteria.
Step 2: constructing the hierarchical structure
The hierarchical structure of the problem is constructed by using the aim, alternatives and criteria of the problem.
Step 3: pairwise comparisons
If the problem has no decision matrix, pairwise comparisons among the criteria and the alternatives are done by using the linguistic scale given in Table 2. Importance values of the AHP method are between one and nine which are from equally important to absolutely important. The grey number representations of the linguistic scales used in the grey AHP calculations are given in Table 2 in detail.
Table 2 Linguistic scales and the grey numbers used for the pairwise comparisons of grey AHP
An example of a pairwise comparison matrix done by the decision maker d is given in the following Eq. (1). \( \bigotimes {a}_{ij}^d=\left[\underset{\_}{a_{ij}^d},\overline{a_{ij}^d}\right] \) represents the pairwise comparison of the ith criterion and jth criterion done by decision maker d. D represents the set of decision makers, which are D = {1, 2, …, d, …, D}. All of the pairwise comparisons are done for the upper part of the main diagonal. The lower parts of the main diagonal are filled by using the opposite forms to multiplication operation of the pairwise comparisons at the upper part of the main diagonal. Eq. (2) is used to fill the lower parts of the pairwise comparisons and the main diagonal of the pairwise comparison matrix is filled by using the equation given in Eq. (3).
$$ {A}_g^d=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}\bigotimes {a}_{11}^d& \bigotimes {a}_{12}^d& \cdots & \bigotimes {a}_{1j}^d& \cdots & \bigotimes {a}_{1n}^d\\ {}\bigotimes {a}_{21}^d& \bigotimes {a}_{22}^d& \cdots & \bigotimes {a}_{2j}^d& \cdots & \bigotimes {a}_{2n}^d\\ {}\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ {}\bigotimes {a}_{i1}^d& \bigotimes {a}_{i2}^d& \cdots & \bigotimes {a}_{ij}^d& \cdots & \bigotimes {a}_{in}^d\\ {}\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ {}\bigotimes {a}_{n1}^d& \bigotimes {a}_{n2}^d& \cdots & \bigotimes {a}_{nj}^d& \cdots & \bigotimes {a}_{nn}^d\end{array}\right] $$
$$ \bigotimes {a}_{ij}^d=\left[\frac{1}{{\overline{a}}_{ij}^d},\frac{1}{{\underset{\_}{a}}_{ij}^d}\right] $$
$$ \bigotimes {a}_{ii}^d=\left[1,1\right] $$
Step 4: combining the pairwise comparison matrices
The pairwise comparison matrices done by decision makers are combined by using the Eq. (4). Eq. (4) is the geometric mean formulation, which is not affected by very high and very low values of the pairwise comparison matrices. Barzilai [5] determined that the geometric mean is the only method for deriving weights from multiplicative pairwise comparisons which satisfies fundamental consistency requirements. And also, the geometric mean is the only solution preserving the strong algebraic structure of the problem and is naturally consistent with the arithmetic mean solution in the additive case [5]. The calculation is similar with classic AHP, which is also combined by using the geometric mean formulation. But, the calculations are done for the lower and the upper limits of the grey numbers separately. After combining all of the pairwise comparison matrices, the combined pairwise comparison matrices can be shown as Ag = [⨂aij]nxn without using the decision maker number.
$$ \bigotimes {a}_{ij}=\sqrt[D]{\prod_{d=1}^D\bigotimes {a}_{ij}^d} $$
Step 5: normalization
The normalization for the grey numbers, given in Eqs. (5)–(7), is adapted from the normalization of fuzzy numbers given by Wu and Lee [63].
$$ \otimes \underset{\_}{a_{ij}} = \frac{\left(\otimes \underset{\_}{a_{ij}} - {\mathit{\min}}_j\otimes \underset{\_}{a_{ij}\ }\right)}{\Delta _{min}^{max}} $$
$$ \otimes \overline{a_{ij}}=\frac{\left(\otimes \overline{a_{ij}}-{\mathit{\min}}_j\otimes \underset{\_}{a_{ij}\ }\right)}{\Delta _{min}^{max}} $$
$$ {\Delta }_{min}^{max}=\mathit{\max}\otimes \overline{a_{ij}}-\mathit{\min}\otimes \underset{\_}{a_{ij}\ } $$
Step 6: obtaining the grey weights
Averages of the rows are calculated by using the Eq. (8) to obtain the weights and the priority vectors of the criteria set C = {1, 2, …, C}. In this study, the following steps are not used for the calculation of the final weights, but given here for the unity of the grey AHP method. The final priority results are calculated by using the Grey MOORA, which is given in the following sub-section.
$$ \frac{\sum_{j=1}^C\bigotimes {a}_{ij}}{C} $$
Step 7: calculation of the final priority results
After creating the decision matrix, which is the combination of the weights and the priority vectors, the final priority results of the alternatives are calculated by using the Eq. (9).
$$ {\sum}_{j=1}^C{w}_j\bigotimes {a}_{ij} $$
Step 8: whitenization of the final results
This step includes the whitenization of the grey results to interpret and analyze them easier and better. First of all, the final results are normalized by using the Eqs. (5)–(7). After the normalization, whitenization is done by using Eqs. (10)–(11).
$$ {Y}_i=\frac{\otimes \underset{\_}{a_i\ }\left(1-\otimes \underset{\_}{a_i\ }\right)+\otimes \overline{a_i}\times \otimes \overline{a_i}}{1-\otimes \underset{\_}{a_i} + \otimes \overline{a_i}} $$
$$ {a}_i=\mathit{\min}\otimes \underset{\_}{a_i} + {Y}_i{\Delta }_{min}^{max} $$
The grey MOORA
The MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis) method was firstly introduced by Brauers and Zavadskas [7]. Although as the most recent MCDM method, MOORA has been being used in the applications frequently. However, there is not an agreed complete grey MOORA approach in the literature yet. Proposed grey MOORA approaches in the literature has not been validated or completely grey application of the MOORA method [25, 38].
The proposed grey MOORA method used in this study is introduced step by step below.
Step 2: creating the decision matrix
After defining of the problem, the solution can continue by using the existing decision matrix. If there is no decision matrix of the problem, the decision matrix can be created by using the grey AHP method given in the previous sub-section or the other methods given in the literature. In this study, the decision matrix is created by using the grey AHP method given in the previous sub-section. While D represents the decision matrix, it can be shown as in the Eq. (12). In the following decision matrix, m represents the number of the alternatives and n represents the number of the criteria.
$$ D=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}\bigotimes {x}_{11}& \bigotimes {x}_{12}& \cdots & \bigotimes {x}_{1j}& \cdots & \bigotimes {x}_{1n}\\ {}\bigotimes {x}_{21}& \bigotimes {x}_{22}& \cdots & \bigotimes {x}_{2j}& \cdots & \bigotimes {x}_{2n}\\ {}\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ {}\bigotimes {x}_{i1}& \bigotimes {x}_{i2}& \cdots & \bigotimes {x}_{ij}& \cdots & \bigotimes {x}_{in}\\ {}\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ {}\bigotimes {x}_{m1}& \bigotimes {x}_{m2}& \cdots & \bigotimes {x}_{mj}& \cdots & \bigotimes {x}_{mn}\end{array}\right] $$
Normalization according to the columns of the decision matrix is done as in classic MOORA method. The normalization of the grey decision matrix is done by using the Eq. (13) given below.
$$ \bigotimes {x}_{ij}=\frac{\bigotimes {x}_{ij}}{\sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^m\bigotimes {x}_{ij}^2}} $$
Step 4: calculation of the weighted decision matrix
All of the decision matrix is multiplied with the weights related with the columns. Let \( \bigotimes {x}_{ij}^w \) be the weighted value of the ⨂xij, wj be the weight of the jth column and ⨂xij be the value of the ith alternative according to the jth criterion, the weighted decision matric is calculated by using the Eq. (14).
$$ \bigotimes {x}_{ij}^w={w}_j\bullet \bigotimes {x}_{ij} $$
Step 5: calculation of the final weight results of the alternatives
Calculation of the final weight result of the alternatives are carried out by subtracting the sum of the negative criteria from the sum of the positive criteria. Let B be the benefit criteria set, C be the cost criteria set and ⨂yi be the final weight result of the ith alternative, the calculation of the ⨂yi is given in Eq. (15).
$$ \bigotimes {y}_i={\sum}_{j\in P}\bigotimes {x}_{ij}^w-{\sum}_{j\in N}\bigotimes {x}_{ij}^w $$
Step 6: whitenization of the final results of the alternatives
As it is also explained in grey AHP, the whitenization of the grey results are done to interpret and analyze them easier and better. The whitenization of the final grey results are calculated by using the equations (Eqs. (5)–(7) and Eqs. (10)–(11)) given in the previous grey AHP sub-section.
Step 7: ranking and evaluating of the alternatives
The subtraction of all alternatives are ranked from the highest to the lowest for the best alternatives. The best is the alternative with the highest subtraction value and the last preferable one is the alternative with the lowest subtraction value.
The application for the public transport service quality
The application of the proposed integrated method is to evaluate the public transport service quality. To this aim, grey based AHP and MOORA methods are introduced. The pairwise comparisons for the evaluations were done by the experts on public transport. Therefore, the effects of the subjective judgements of the experts have to be decreased during the analysis. Grey AHP method is proposed to decrease these effects while obtaining the weight scores and the decision matrix.
Then, after obtaining the weight scores and the decision matrix, grey MOORA method is applied to evaluate the public transport service quality. With grey MOORA application, the results will be obtained as ranges, which are grey numbers. This will also enable us to understand and read the ambiguities in the results.
This section is divided into two parts, which are obtaining the weight scores and the evaluation. The applications are done to evaluate public transport service quality and select suitable alternative for developing the public bus transport system in Budapest, Hungary. The pairwise comparisons are done by 10 experts from the faculty of transportation engineering, who are working on transport service quality. All application steps of the public transport service quality by using the proposed approach is given in detail in the following sub-sections. During the evaluation process, the experts took all bus lines in the network of Budapest in consideration.
The Municipality of Budapest runs the buses through The Budapest Transport Privately Held Corporation (BKV). In the last 10 years, citizens of Budapest have experienced an increase in public bus transport use, combined with a significant amount of investments by central government. The average age of the vehicles decreased slightly from 13.65 years to 13.57 years, in case of buses due to the purchases and new vehicles were purchased in 2017. Simultaneously with the renewal of the bus fleet, as a side effect, the number of buses equipped with air-conditioning devices increases from 735 to 793, the ratio from 73.6% to 79.5%.
The framework of the proposed grey AHP-MOORA method used in this study is introduced step by step below.
Obtaining the weight scores of the evaluation criteria and creating the decision matrix
The first part of obtaining the weight scores and creating the decision matrix is defining the problem and constructing the hierarchical structure. First node of the hierarchical structure is the aim, which is the service quality. Then, the first branches are the main criteria. In this problem, we have five main criteria; approachability (C1), directness (C2), reliability (C3), time availability (C4) and speed (C5). The second branches, which are the branches of the first branches, are the sub-criteria. The last hierarchy is the alternatives; provide new buses, provide new routes and change stop locations. Provide new buses means to enhance citizens' accessibility which provide more frequent and consistent service, provide new routes similarly means providing new routes to reduce the number of transfer during travel, and change the stop location means changing the stop location to a more suitable location, so make it more approachable. The constructed hierarchical structure of the public bus transport system service quality applied in this study is shown in the Fig. 2.
The hierarchical structure of the public bus transport system service quality
Then, the next step is pairwise comparisons for each nodes of the hierarchical structure, combining them and obtaining the weights by using the calculation procedures given in the section 3.1 for the grey AHP. The combined pairwise comparison matrix for the main criteria is given in the following Table 3. All of the pairwise comparisons done by the experts are combined by using the Eq. (4). After combining the pairwise comparisons of the experts, Table 3 is normalized by using the Eqs. (5)–(7) in Step 4 of the grey AHP. Then, final priority weights are obtained by calculating the average of the rows of Table 3. The grey weights of the main criteria are given in the last column of the Table 3.
Table 3 Pairwise comparison matrix and grey weights of the main criteria
While obtaining the priority weights and creating the decision matrix, Step 7 and Step 8 of the grey AHP is not applied. These steps are to evaluate the alternatives and for the decision. In this study, an integrated grey AHP-MOORA model will be applied to evaluate the public transport service quality in the section 4.2. Only main criteria weights given in Table 3 are whitened to weight the decision matrix in section 4.2. Whitened results of the main criteria are given in the Table 4.
Table 4 Whitened grey weights of the main criteria
Such as the other MCDM methods, whitened results are normalized before using for the weight of the decision matrix.
Similar to the main node, criteria nodes are also calculated for the weights of the sub-criteria branches. In this step, each criteria node is like a small MCDM problem. The main criterion is like the aim of the problem and sub-criteria are like the criteria. The results of each five main criteria are given in the following tables respectively (Tables 5 and 6).
Table 5 Calculating the final priority weights of the first criterion
Table 6 Calculating the final priority weights of the second criterion
Criteria 3 (reliability) does not have any sub-criteria. Therefore, it is directly connected to the alternatives. The grey weights of the alternatives for criteria 3 is [0.620,1.000], [0.031,0.082] and [0.000,0.021] respectively (Tables 7 and 8).
Table 7 Calculating the final priority weights of the fourth criterion
Table 8 Calculating the final priority weights of the fifth criterion
The obtained grey weights of five main criteria is combined in the next step to construct the decision matrix and evaluate the public transport service quality. All of the weights and their rankings are combined and listed in the following Table 9.
Table 9 Weight scores and ranking of main criteria and sub-criteria
The evaluation of the public transport service quality
In this section, evaluation of the public transport service quality will be done by using the results obtained in the section 4.1. The grey weight results or grey final priority vectors are merged and the grey decision matrix shown in Table 10 is obtained. The main criteria weights are shown in the first line of the table. The priority vectors of the alternatives for each criterion are also shown in the related column of the criteria.
Table 10 Decision matrix of the public transport service quality
All of the applications using this table is done according to the calculation procedures given in the section 3.2. The obtained results of the grey MOORA are given in the following table with their rankings. Also, the decision matrix of the public transport service quality is applied to grey AHP and classic MOORA [7] methods for the comparison and validation of the results. All of the obtained results of the three method is given in detail in the following table with their rankings. All of the he grey results are also normalized to make the comparison easier.
The obtained results show that the best alternative to ameliorate public transport service quality is providing new busses (A1) with 0.708. The second alternative is providing new routes (A2) with 0.074 and the least preferable alternative is changing stop locations (A3) with 0.045. When the results are observed in detail, we can say that providing new busses is by far the most important choice to ameliorate the service quality. The last two alternatives are not preferred options mostly by people. Therefore, there is much difference between the result of the first alternative and the other alternatives. Besides, all the results obtained by the proposed integrated grey AHP-MOORA method and the other methods are parallel to each other. Since there is no significant difference between the results of the methods, it can be said that the proposed grey AHP-MOORA method is useful, acceptable and applicable for the evaluation of the public transport service quality and also other MCDM problems (Fig. 3).
The final scores of public bus transport service quality developing alternatives
It is becoming a difficult challenge for the governments as well as for the operators to find the most efficient solution to improve the service quality of public transportation. Particularly in Budapest, where hence, the final ranking of the alternatives will change.
The experts in the related field have evaluated each criteria and assigned their weigh scores in terms of linguistic variables, and the linguistic variables converted to grey values for completing computation process.
The weight scores and rankings of criteria of public transport service quality are depicted in Tables 9 and 11. The main criteria and sub- criteria weight scores obtained by using AHP and the final weight scores and rank of sub- criteria are computed through multiplying the main criteria weight score with sub- criteria weight score. Among the 5 main criteria, Speed (0.5248) was the most significant issue and it took first rank. Speed criteria is represented in the second level by 3 sub-criteria (Travel time, awaiting time and time to reach stops). The final weight score of Travel time (0.3218) make in the most important sub-criteria in sub-criteria level, followed by Time to reach stops (0.1158) Awaiting time (0.0873). The demand of decreasing the journey's duration of time is not only important from experts perspective, but also, it is important for users as well [37]. Moreover, the spent time to arrive the bus stops is a significant issue for developing the service quality [34]. It is much more than important to satisfy users' needs, because, we do not want them to shift to other type of public transport or it can make them shift to their private cars. On the other hand, achieving users' expectations will attract non-users to start using public bus transport system. The second most significant main criteria were Reliability (0.255). In general, the passengers want to get a reliable service [20, 53]. In Budapest, using public bus system is a part the passengers' daily life to reach their destination.
Table 11 Final results of the evaluation of the public transport service quality
Duleba and Moslem [24] conducted the conventional AHP to evaluate the supply quality of public transportation neglecting human vagueness, also they did not proposed any alternatives for improving the system. In our study, we spotted the light on improving public transport service quality by taking the experts perspectives, however, involving the citizens in the decision process would highlight their demand toward ameliorating the system.
The conducted findings in this study cannot be generalized for the all public bus transport systems in other cities in the world, hence, the rating of the criteria and alternatives will be different. On the other hand, the proposed model can be applied to evaluate the quality of public transport after modifying the hierarchical structure of the public transport service quality based on the existed system in the target city, then performing the proposed model.
Conclusion and future research
Grey AHP and Grey MOORA are not adopted together in a study based on the literature, particularly in solving public transportation problems. In our study, we present a first initiative to convey the Grey AHP-MOORA model for solving a real-world problem in transport sector. Moreover, MOORA has been enunciated as a best MCDM approach based on the numerical experiments, along with esteem to computational time and problem set up time.
This paper investigates the best alternative to develop the service quality of public transportation. The main criteria, sub-criteria and the alternatives utilized in this study have been determined by experts in the related field and based on the literature. The Grey AHP approach has been adopted to evaluate the importance of the main criteria and sub-criteria. The conducted results illustrated the speed as the most significant main criteria for improving the service quality of the system, which is impact efficiently the system quality. Furthermore, The Grey MOORA approach has been implemented to public transport service alternatives. The results and the applications show the effectiveness and the applicability of the approach. The presented methodology can not be only used for public transport service quality but also can be used for other branches of it.
Finally, the findings demonstrate that the most suitable alternative for improving the quality from the experts' perspective is providing new buses, followed by providing new routes and changing bus stop locations. The outcomes also show the importance of waiting time; it is important for all public transport users. However, providing new routes and changing bus stop locations will not be efficient to improve the quality of this issue as supplying new buses.
The adopted model in this study is essentially suitable for supporting strategic decision plans of the urban transportation system amelioration with respect to sustainability issues. Consequently, the obtained overall weights of criteria could be used for estimating and ranking projects aiming to improve the public bus transport system.
Our research can have a large scope of evaluators through sharing the users and non-users in the decision process, on the other hand, involving the local government representatives and comparing their perspectives with citizens' point of view can efficiently improve the future strategic improvement plan. The difference in preferences between the local government representatives and citizens can be detected by using Kendell agreement approach. The application can also be generalized for other countries and cities to improve the public transport systems. At the same time, through the two-parts formation of the approach, it can be easily combined and improved with other MCDM and quantitative techniques according to the requirements of the applications. Furthermore, the presented grey MOORA methodology and the its application to the public transport service quality make a new and important contribution to both MCDM literature and public transport service quality literature.
In future researches, evaluating less number of pairwise comparisons in the survey save the effort and the time, a different MCDM approach or MCDM extensions can be adopted to minimize the pairwise comparisons number for computing criteria weight scores.
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Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Transport Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
Sarbast Moslem
Department of Management Information Systems, Istanbul Gelisim University, 34310, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
Yakup Çelikbilek
Sarbast Moslem and Yakup Çelikbilek conceptualized the research and created the suitable methodology. Sarbast Moslem conducted the survey and was responsible for the graphical representation of the results. Yakup Çelikbilek was responsible for numerical analysis and computing the results. In paper writing both authors participated. The author(s) read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Sarbast Moslem.
Moslem, S., Çelikbilek, Y. An integrated grey AHP-MOORA model for ameliorating public transport service quality. Eur. Transp. Res. Rev. 12, 68 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-020-00455-1
Grey systems
Grey analytic hierarchy process
Grey MOORA


The beagle is a compact little rabbit hunter, one of the smallest members of the hound group that relies on scent to find his quarry. Though the precise origin of the beagle is unknown, the breed seems to have been a favorite human companion and vigorous rabbit hunter for centuries. Since the 1950s, the beagle has consistently ranked as one of the top 10 most loved breeds.
Though extensively researched, the origins of the beagle can only be traced back to the mid-19th century, though a beagle-like hound was used to hunt rabbits in the 14th century. The origin of the name "beagle" is likewise obscured by history; some believe the word comes from the Old English word "begele," or the Celtic "beag," both of which mean small.
Despite a limited recorded history, it is generally believed that the beagle is one of the oldest breeds and is one of the breeds closest in appearance to the original hounds.
The breed was developed in the British Isles. Besides being favored as a rabbit hunter, the beagle was a favorite breed of Queen Elizabeth. It belongs to a group of hunting dogs known as scent hounds, which use scent to search and find their prey.
The beagle was officially recognized by the British Kennel Club in 1873 and brought to the United States. The National Beagle Club was formed in 1888. The American Kennel Club recognizes the beagle as a member of the hound group.
Unfortunately, because of their compact size and friendly temperament, the beagle has been one of the most popular dog breeds to be used in medical research.
Beagles are small shorthaired hounds with long ears that lie against the head. The coat colors are a combination of tan, black and white. As with most hounds, the eyes of the beagle are soft and pleading.
The adult beagle is a small breed and, in the United States, is divided into two size categories, 13 to 15 inches at the shoulder and under 13 inches at the shoulder. In England, there is only one class, with a maximum height of 16 inches. Beagles average between 18 to 30 pounds.
Friendly and lovable, the beagle's tail is perpetually wagging. The breed is not aggressive but, with his baying bark, will alert the homeowner of intruders. They are intelligent, good-natured and docile companions.
Beagles are excellent choices for families with children. The breed's easygoing nature makes them tolerant family members that love to participate in games. Beagles do not enjoy being left alone for extended periods of time. They can easily become frustrated and bored, leading to behavior problems, including destructive behavior.
In general, the breed does well in obedience training but some find the beagle somewhat stubborn. Some have trouble with housebreaking.
Due to their short hair coat, beagles do not require special grooming.
Beagles love to hunt. This results in a strong desire to dig, which can be problematic for some homeowners and gardeners. Some beagles tend to be quite vocal and, if not given appropriate home care, may excessively bark. On the plus side, they don't drool, shed little and they have minimal doggy odor.
Since beagles thoroughly enjoy hunting and digging, providing a safe and adequate confinement may be difficult. For some persistent dogs, special fencing may be required.
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ? a condition causing Hypothyroidism results when the thyroid gland does not function adequately. Without enough thyroid hormone, illness can occur.
Developmental kidney disease - can result in kidney failure early in life.
Congenital Hypotrichosis - is a congenital problem causing symmetrical hair loss.
The average life span of the beagle ranges between 12 to 15 years.


Throughout their entire life cycle, mRNAs are associated with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), forming ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes with highly dynamic compositions. Their interplay is one key to control gene regulatory mechanisms from mRNA synthesis to decay. To assay the global scope of RNA-protein interactions, we and others have published a method combining crosslinking with highly stringent oligo(dT) affinity purification to enrich proteins associated with polyadenylated RNA (poly(A)+ RNA). Identification of the poly(A)+ RNA-bound proteome (also: mRNA interactome capture) has by now been applied to a diversity of cell lines and model organisms, uncovering comprehensive repertoires of RBPs and hundreds of novel RBP candidates. In addition to determining the RBP catalog in a given biological system, mRNA interactome capture allows the examination of changes in protein-mRNA interactions in response to internal and external stimuli, altered cellular programs and disease.


A Minnesota woman has slept through the majority of the last five years of her life because of a rare condition sometimes called Sleeping Beauty Syndrome.
Delanie Weyer, 23, tells PEOPLE she suffers from Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS), a neurological disorder that affects one in a million people.
Her most recent episode – the longest yet – lasted five weeks. Weyer was 18 when the onset of symptoms began. On a high school field trip to a young business leaders competition, Weyer slept through her event, then began acting lethargic and delirious.Her chaperones thought she was on drugs.
Throughout the next five years, Weyer saw a variety of doctors and was misdiagnosed multiple times before a sleep specialist determined she had KLS in November 2016.
While there's no cure for KLS, Weyer takes lithium to decrease the number of episodes she suffers, as well as their severity.
In addition to sleeping, Weyer's bouts also bring memory loss. "When I finally come out of it, I don't remember much. Like, I have pictures of me doing certain things with family and friends during an episode and I don't remember," she details.
The overall impact on her life has been "drastic," Weyer says. She missed finals one semester during her four years at St. Cloud State University, and she's lost a job and even relationships.
Luckily, her employers are "super understanding" about her situation. The drug and alcohol counselor also praises her supportive family, especially her mom, who acts as her primary caregiver during her bouts with the disorder.


text:
Q: Closing JDialog by button? The item menu About of my JFrame is a JDialog that can be closed thanks to a but button as you can see below:
private void jButton1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
    aboutDialog.this.dispose();
}

sometimes when I click on the close button of the JDialog, it actually closes the entire program.
I tried:
aboutDialog.this.setvisible(true)
aboutDialog.this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
aboutDialog.this.setDefaultCloseOperation(HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
aboutDialog.this.setDefaultCloseOperation(DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);

But it didn't worked, any ideas?

A: Duplicate: Button for closing a JDialog
{
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import javax.swing.*;

    public class YourDialog extends JDialog implements ActionListener{

      JButton button;

      public YourDialog() {
         button = new JButton("Close");
         button.addActionListener(this);
         add(button);
         pack();
         setVisible(true);
      }

      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
          dispose();
      }
    }
}


There's 10 goals to choose from this month and your chance to win tickets to Dons v Swindon Town.
Voting will close at midday on Wednesday 6th February. The winner will be announced shortly afterwards and will be presented with a trophy ahead of the Sky Bet League Two clash with Swindon Town on Saturday 9th February.
Supporters that vote will go into a draw to win two hospitality tickets to the match with Swindon Town and the opportunity to present the winner with their trophy.
To be eligible to win, please provide a name and contact number/email on the voting form and select that you are available to attend the game on Saturday 9th January.


Ardgort is an Award Winning luxurious country house. We offer impeccable value in our bed and breakfast and offer first-class amenities such as a restaurant & two bars. All of the bedrooms boast en-suite's, balconies, tea & coffee facilities and free WiFi.
Ardgort Country House is an idyllic bed and breakfast (B&B) situated in a very central location of Irelands North West, Co Tyrone. 5 minutes away from the border of Donegal and also bordering Derry, Fermanagh, Antrim and Co Monaghan.
When you choose our B&B, you have instant access to a newly renovated restaurant, offering a fantastic choice of fresh foods, from locally sourced killybegs fish, to an Award winning local butcher. Also, when staying at our bed and breakfast accommodation, you can take advantage of our friendly and cosy bar, where the atmosphere can be heartfelt as our guests from all parts of the world, engage with light hearted conversation.
Our panoramic view is without a doubt our unique selling point, as you can relax on your private balcony from your luxurious B&B room, taking in a truly memorable sight as you view the mountains and riverside for miles in each direction.
Visiting Tyrone, Derry, Fermanagh or Antrim? Book your room or restaurant table at Ardgort today.
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This study assesses the various challenges facing the transition of LTE to LTE-Advanced, notably at the device baseband and RF levels. It extends the market segmentation of LTE mobile devices and related chips to reflect on the evolution of LTE across various paths, including FDD LTE, TDD LTE, multimode FDD-TDD LTE and network generations including LTE Classic and LTE-Advanced. The extended segmentation has been made to take into account the transformation in the mobile LTE market, notably the emergence of LTE Carrier Aggregation (LTE CA). The aim of this research is to evaluate the market potential for various multi-stream intra-band and inter-bands LTE CA combinations across all licensed LTE bands.