text:
Q: Passing Data Between Fragments to Activity I need to pass data between from 5 fragments to one Activity,  those fragments send data one after another when i reach 5'th fragment then i need to store all 5 fragments data how can we do this. any idea is Great.

A: I tried all the above and it didnt work for me. This is how i made it work.I used interface as means to send data from fragment to activity.
FragmentToActivity.java
public interface FragmentToActivity {
void communicate(String comm);

}

FragmentOne
public class FragmentOne extends Fragment {

private FragmentToActivity mCallback;

@Override
public void onAttach(Context context) {
    super.onAttach(context);
    try {
        mCallback = (FragmentToActivity) context;
    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
        throw new ClassCastException(context.toString()
                + " must implement FragmentToActivity");
    }
}

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_login, container,
false);
sendData("Andrews");

return v;
}
@Override
public void onDetach() {
    mCallback = null;
    super.onDetach();
}

public void onRefresh() {
    Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Fragment : Refresh called.",
            Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }
private void sendData(String comm)
    {
    mCallback.communicate(comm);

    }

 }

}

Activity One
public class Account extends AppCompatActivity implements
  FragmentToActivity{

  @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.main);
 }

@Override
public void communicate(String s) {

    Log.d("received", s);
      }

}

A: You have to go back information to your fragment's activity. And your Activity dispatch information to its fragments :
// In fragment A
((ParentActivity)getActivity()).dispatchInformations("test");

// In ParentActivity
public void dispatchInformations(String mesg){
    fragmentB.sendMessage(mesg);
}

This is a basic example

A: Pass data from each fragment to activity, when activity gets all data then process it.
You can pass data using interfaces.
Fragment:
public class Fragment2 extends Fragment {

  public interface onSomeEventListener {
    public void someEvent(String s);
  }

  onSomeEventListener someEventListener;

  @Override
  public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
    super.onAttach(activity);
        try {
          someEventListener = (onSomeEventListener) activity;
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString() + " must implement onSomeEventListener");
        }
  }

  final String LOG_TAG = "myLogs";

  public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
      Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment2, null);

    Button button = (Button) v.findViewById(R.id.button);
    button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
      public void onClick(View v) {
        someEventListener.someEvent("Test text to Fragment1");
      }
    });

    return v;
  }
}

Activity:
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements onSomeEventListener{

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        Fragment frag2 = new Fragment2();
        FragmentTransaction ft = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        ft.add(R.id.fragment2, frag2);
        ft.commit();
    }

  @Override
  public void someEvent(String s) {
      Fragment frag1 = getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.fragment1);
      ((TextView)frag1.getView().findViewById(R.id.textView)).setText("Text from Fragment 2:" + s);
  }
}

A: You can use Communicator pattern explained in the above answers.
Also, You can use RxJava2.for better decoupling and efficiency.
1- Create the bus:
public final class RxBus {

    private static final BehaviorSubject<Object> behaviorSubject
        = BehaviorSubject.create();

    public static BehaviorSubject<Object> getSubject() {
        return behaviorSubject;
    }

}

2- the sender activity or fragment
//the data to be passed
MyData  data =getMyData();
RxBus.getSubject().onNext(data) ;

3-the receiver activity or fragment
private Subscription subscription;

public onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
    subscription = RxBus.getSubject()
                    .subscribe(new Subscriber<Object>() {

            @Override
            public void onNext(Object o) {
                if (o instanceof MyData) {
                    Log.d("tag", (MyData)o.getData();
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void onError(Throwable e) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onComplete() {

            }
        });
}

4-unSubscribe to avoid memory leacks:
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
 if(subscription!=null){
     subscription.unsubscribe();
   }

}

A: The following link explains the design for communication between fragments.
Communicating with Other Fragments
To allow a Fragment to communicate up to its Activity, you can define an interface in the Fragment class and implement it within the Activity. The Fragment captures the interface implementation during its onAttach() lifecycle method and can then call the Interface methods in order to communicate with the Activity.
Here is an example of Fragment to Activity communication:
public class HeadlinesFragment extends ListFragment {

OnHeadlineSelectedListener mCallback;

// Container Activity must implement this interface
public interface OnHeadlineSelectedListener {
    public void onArticleSelected(int position);
}

@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
    super.onAttach(activity);

    // This makes sure that the container activity has implemented
    // the callback interface. If not, it throws an exception
    try {
        mCallback = (OnHeadlineSelectedListener) activity;
    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
        throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString()
                + " must implement OnHeadlineSelectedListener");
    }
}

...
}

Now the fragment can deliver messages to the activity by calling the onArticleSelected() method (or other methods in the interface) using the mCallback instance of the OnHeadlineSelectedListener interface.
For example, the following method in the fragment is called when the user clicks on a list item. The fragment uses the callback interface to deliver the event to the parent activity.
@Override
public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
    // Send the event to the host activity
    mCallback.onArticleSelected(position);
}

Implement the Interface
In order to receive event callbacks from the fragment, the activity that hosts it must implement the interface defined in the fragment class.
For example, the following activity implements the interface from the above example.
public static class MainActivity extends Activity
    implements HeadlinesFragment.OnHeadlineSelectedListener{
...

public void onArticleSelected(int position) {
    // The user selected the headline of an article from the HeadlinesFragment
    // Do something here to display that article
}
}

Deliver a Message to a Fragment
The host activity can deliver messages to a fragment by capturing the Fragment instance with findFragmentById(), then directly call the fragment's public methods.
For instance, imagine that the activity shown above may contain another fragment that's used to display the item specified by the data returned in the above callback method. In this case, the activity can pass the information received in the callback method to the other fragment that will display the item:
public static class MainActivity extends Activity
    implements HeadlinesFragment.OnHeadlineSelectedListener{
...

public void onArticleSelected(int position) {
    // The user selected the headline of an article from the HeadlinesFragment
    // Do something here to display that article

    ArticleFragment articleFrag = (ArticleFragment)
            getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.article_fragment);

    if (articleFrag != null) {
        // If article frag is available, we're in two-pane layout...

        // Call a method in the ArticleFragment to update its content
        articleFrag.updateArticleView(position);
    } else {
        // Otherwise, we're in the one-pane layout and must swap frags...

        // Create fragment and give it an argument for the selected article
        ArticleFragment newFragment = new ArticleFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putInt(ArticleFragment.ARG_POSITION, position);
        newFragment.setArguments(args);

        FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();

        // Replace whatever is in the fragment_container view with this fragment,
        // and add the transaction to the back stack so the user can navigate back
        transaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container, newFragment);
        transaction.addToBackStack(null);

        // Commit the transaction
        transaction.commit();
    }
   }
 }

A: There's a really simple way to pass data from a Fragment to another Activity that is not its container one.
1) In the Fragment: When you initiate the activity, say onButtonClick, pass the data you want to pass as an extra in your intent, as such:
     Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), MapsActivity.class);
     intent.putExtra("data", dataString);
     startActivity(intent);

2) In the receiving Activity: in your onCreate method, create a Bundle to retrieve the information passed, as such:
Bundle extras = getIntent().getExtras();
    if (extras != null) {
        receivingString = extras.getString("data");
    } else {
        // handle case
    }

Hope it helped :)

A: I was looking for a solution to passed data from fragments to the activity. This is how I did it and I found it most appropriate for what I needed it.
I found it best to share and update data using a global shared ViewModel
In shared ViewModel, I store and update data using mutable live data and I scope it to the MainActivity. The ViewModel is a singleton and remains in memory until the activity lifecycle ends.
class SharedViewModel: ViewModel() {

    private val selectedItems: MutableLiveData<List<Product>> =
        MutableLiveData<List<Product>>(listOf())

    fun getItems(): LiveData<List<Product>> {
        return selectedItems
    }

    fun sendSelectedItems(items: MutableList<Product>) {
        selectedItems.postValue(items)
    }
}

MainActivity: AppCompactActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    // scope shared view model to MainActivity
    // I can access and update data from here
        val model = ViewModelProvider(this).get(SharedViewModel::class.java)
    }
}

class MyFragment1: Fragment() {
    // I'm able to get and update data in the SharedViewModel in fragment
    // to activity
    private val sharedModel: SharedViewModel by activityViewModels()
}

In addition, you can add callbacks to the main activity. You can use an interface.
interface IAddListener {
    fun sendItems(items: MutableList<Product>?)
}

class MyFragment: Fragment() {

   override fun onAttach(context: Context) {
        super.onAttach(context)

        if (context is IAddListener)
            mCallback = context
    }

    private var mCallback: IAddListener? = null
}

class MainActivity: AppCompactActivity(), IAddToPrintQueueListener {

    override fun sendItems(items: MutableList<Product>?) {
        // update something
    }
}

Here is the link to the documentation about sharing data documentation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
International tax laws administered by U.S. and foreign governments can dramatically affect business decision making, job creation and retention, plant location, competitiveness, and the long-term health of the U.S. economy. The basic tenets of sound tax policy are that income should be taxed once and only once—as close to the source as possible—and that a tax system should be neutral to business decision making.
How Japan Can Boost Growth Through Tax Reform, Not Stimulus
How the U.S. Corporate Tax Rate Compares to the Rest of the World
Corporate Income Tax Rates around the World, 2016
One Way OECD Countries Address Corporate Tax Avoidance
What You Should Know About India's Largest Modern Tax Reform
A Comparison of the Tax Burden on Labor in the OECD, 2016
Three Major Concerns of the Proposed Debt-Equity Regulation
How Are Multinational Corporations' Foreign Profits Treated Around the World?
Corporate Tax Inversion and Treasury's New Debt-Equity Regulation
Sources of Government Revenue in the OECD, 2016
The House GOP's Destination-Based Cash Flow Tax, Explained
Puerto Rico Needs a Growth Agenda Too
The Puzzling Policy of Foreign Tax Credits
Supply-Side Fix for Falling Productivity
The United Kingdom's Experience with Inversions
Treasury Proposes Third Set of Anti-Inversion Rules
It Was Not A Good Week For The Patent Box
What Does Research on Profit Shifting Tell Us?
David Bowie: Tax Planning Hero
The Simple Solution to the Pfizer Deal: Cut the Rate and Move to a Territorial Tax System

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Comprehensive list of commercial and residential air conditioning companies in Cranston, RI offering installation, repair and maintenance services.
Santoro Oil Company was first established in Providence, RI, and evolved over three generations to become a full service oil heat, air conditioning and equipment service provider for residential, marine, and commercial customers serving all of Rhode Island and Southeastern Massachusetts. We offer free estimates on all heating & air conditioning system installations!
Thank you for your interest in Williston-Allen Associates! Established in 1985 by Jerry Williston and Ed Allen, the firm specializes in maximizing market penetration for their manufacturer partners. Williston-Allen Associates. represents several of the most well respected names in the HVAC/R industry.


text:
    read test -debug 'optimization' | tail 10 | view result

### Output

    { type: "tail", limit: 10 }

## Can optimize tail with an implicit limit

### Juttle

    read test -debug 'optimization' | tail | view result

### Output

    { type: "tail", limit: 1 }

## Does not optimize tail if the adapter doesn't support it

### Juttle

    read test -debug 'optimization' -optimize false | tail 10 | view result

### Output

    { type: "disabled", reason: "unsupported_optimization" }

## Does not optimize tail if unsupported options are passed

### Juttle

    read test -debug 'optimization' | tail -xyz 123 10 | view result

### Output

    { type: "disabled", reason: "unsupported_tail_option" }

## Does not optimize tail by

### Juttle

    read test -debug 'optimization' | tail 10 by type | view result

### Output

    { type: "disabled", reason: "unsupported_tail_option" }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Directors met in the Conference Room of the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education in Oklahoma City on March 24, 2006.
The DaVinci Institute, "Minutes Board of Directors Meeting: March 24, 2006" (2006). Minutes and Agendas. 44.


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text:
Old Man Luedecke is the recording and performing name of multiple award-winning, Canadian roots singer-songwriter Christopher Luedecke.
Born in Toronto, but now based in Nova Scotia, from the start of his career his songs have brought joy and illumination to independent minded people fighting the good fight of their lives.
A much loved live performer, his storytelling art, song craft and comic timing, engage and thrill an audience with his weirdly wordy ways. Stints of woodshedding in the Yukon, bicycle touring, transnational hitchhiking trips, and his incessant reading and listening, has ensured Luedecke has amassed a degree of unusual and usual experience for his authentic body of work.
At his best solo on banjo and guitar, Old Man Luedecke has appeared at most major folk festivals in Canada the US, UK and Australia and keeps up a steady touring life. He is also a long-time collaborator with Grammy win-ning American roots music legend Tim O'Brien.
Luedecke is 4-time nominated and twice-winning JUNO award holder and East Coast Music Award winner for Album of the Year, has been long listed for the Polaris Prize is a multiple Music Nova Scotia award recipient. Cover versions of his songs have been per-formed by everyone from street punks in Nashville to Celtic bands in the Orkney Islands.
His new album Easy Money is out this summer.
2019 - Wit & Wisdom


The Beginning of the End for the US-Saudi Relationship?
For the first time in his presidency Obama saw his veto of a bill overridden. With a 97-1 majority in the House (House democratic minority leader Harry Reid being the only exception) and 348-77 majority in the Senate the bill had overwhelming bi-partisan support. With a Congress increasingly embittered and unwilling to cooperate across party lines this level of unanimity about an issue is an incredible feat.
This is incredibly contentious, however, because the Saudi government has adamantly repeated that it has had no involvement in the terrorist attacks.
Given that the US is currently in an election cycle, many politicians seats are in contention and being seen as anti-9/11 could be damming for any political campaign. So this is why despite the concerns with the implications of such a bill it was overwhelmingly popular.
So, now that it is a law what does the JASTA bill do and what are its implications? Officially JASTA, "amends the federal judicial code to narrow the scope of foreign sovereign immunity (i.e., a foreign state's immunity from the jurisdiction of U.S. courts)." Essentially it erodes some of the economic diplomatic immunity that government officials have in the United States. This could potentially be a dangerous precedent because it justifies other countries using the same legal framework to indict US employees overseas, as well as US government workers.
Obama echoed these concerns in a statement to CNN after hearing that his veto had been overturned, "So this is a dangerous precedent and it's an example of why sometimes you have to do what's hard. And, frankly, I wish Congress here had done what's hard. I didn't expect it, because if you're perceived as voting against 9/11 families right before an election, not surprisingly, that's a hard vote for people to take. But it would have been the right thing to do. " The broader implications of this infringement on sovereignty can only be hypothesized in terms of its effect on the US. The more pressing and current problem is what this bill will do to US-Saudi relations.
Essentially it erodes some of the economic diplomatic immunity that government officials have in the United States.
The economics of the US-Saudi relationship are incredibly intertwined. Saudi is currently the US's closest stable ally in the Middle East, and with the passing of JASTA they have threatened to reduce cooperation in the fight against terrorism as well as incentivizing other Gulf States to reduce support as well. In addition to that they have also recommended that Gulf States restrict their air bases to US fighter jets as well as withdraw their investment from the US. However, the larger problem may be the economic repercussion of Saudi's retaliation.
At a point in time when the economy is recovering at an increasingly slowed rate and the IMF has lowered growth rate expectations, given the political turmoil of the upcoming November elections, the economic strain of the loss of 1 trillion dollars could be potentially detrimental to the health of the US economy. In addition this it may also cause Saudi to rethink its oil trading partnership with the US. While the US uses mostly domestic oil Saudi can still have a large effect on the oil market and also less reliant on the US than the US is on them given the other partners to choose from in Europe and other countries.
But what will the bill do to Saudi? Right now it is unclear, both on the economic impacts and the implications of Saudi's involvement in the 9/11 attacks. Private US litigation teams, who are representing the families of the victims, are handling the research being conducted on the question of Saudi's culpability. This is important because the government will not be involved in the case beyond action if the Saudi government does not comply. Meaning that normal diplomatic governmental action will not be used, therefore changing the rules of engagement for both countries.
If the US government does take action against Saudi in terms of paying reparations it is unclear what they will do and how they intend to have Saudi pay. Economically, there has been no mention to how much and from whom the families intend to sue for. This case is unprecedented in the way that no country has ever been sued for something they have not been found explicitly guilty for, so there is no way to say whether the reparations will be more or less than reparation cases in the past.
So ultimately, I find that socially JASTA is absolutely beneficial to the families of victims in both a tangible (though payment) and intangible (though perceived justice) way. However, both in the political and economic realm I think JASTA has the potential to cause great harm both to the Saudi and American governments as well as a general degradation of the norms surrounding economic diplomatic immunity.


text:
Alesia 52 BC - Caesar's Gallic Wars
by Kings and Generals
Previously in our historical animated documentary series on the Gallic Wars of Gaius Julius Caesar, we have covered the battle of Gergovia http://bit.ly/2Sklcle between Vercingetorix and his Gallic alliance, and the legions of Caesar. Although the Romans were defeated in this battle and more Gauls joined the rebellion, Caesar didn't relent. The crucial battle of the rebellion took place at Alesia in 52 BC and that battle changed the course of history.
Battle of Alesia
The Battle of Alesia was a decisive Roman victory in Julius Caesar's...
Vercingetorix
Vercingetorix (82-46 BCE) was a Gallic chieftain who rallied the...
Gaius Julius Caesar was born 12 July 100 BCE (though some cite...
Caesarion
Ptolemy XV Caesar "Theos Philopator Philometor" ("the Father-loving...
Oppidum
Celtic hilltop forts, often called oppida (sing. oppidum), after...
The Battle of Pharsalus
Pharsalus, in eastern Greece, was the site of a decisive battle...
Original video by Kings and Generals. Embedded by Ibolya Horvath, published on 23 April 2021. Please check the original source(s) for copyright information. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms.
The video and its description text are provided by Youtube. This website claims no authorship of this content; we are republishing it for educational purposes.
Generals, K. a. (2021, April 23). Alesia 52 BC - Caesar's Gallic Wars. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/video/2490/alesia-52-bc---caesars-gallic-wars/
Generals, Kings and. "Alesia 52 BC - Caesar's Gallic Wars." World History Encyclopedia. Last modified April 23, 2021. https://www.worldhistory.org/video/2490/alesia-52-bc---caesars-gallic-wars/.
Generals, Kings and. "Alesia 52 BC - Caesar's Gallic Wars." World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia, 23 Apr 2021. Web. 21 Jan 2022.


text:
January 13, 2023 William Z
January 13, 2023 – Vancouver-based electronic/industrial artists, 40 Octaves Below have just unleashed their highly-anticipated full-length release, MetaVersUs; revealed in an unprecedented time of misinformation and global media manipulation.
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News40 Octaves Below, Darkwave, Electronic Music, Goth, Goth/Industrial, Gothic, new releases
THE ZACH WATERS BAND Releases Official Lyric Video for "Right Back At It"!


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Conrad "Yukon" Exner, age 91, of Friendship, formerly of Racine Wisconsin, passed away suddenly Friday, November 23, 2018, at Meriter Hospital in Madison, Wisconsin.
Conrad was born January 12, 1927, in Racine, to Conrad and Helen (Schmidt) Exner.
He enlisted in the United States Navy, at the age of 17, serving during WWII and was later honorably discharged.
Yukon married Margaret "Marge" Szepesi on June 25, 1948, in Racine. They were married for 64 years when Marge died in 2012.
Yukon worked for Western Electric for 35 years prior to retiring in 1986. Yukon and Margaret then moved to Friendship where they resided until their deaths.
In the beginning of his life in Friendship, Yukon wrote a column for the Adams-Friendship paper called "Outdoors with Yukon." Yukon was also well known for his singing and yodeling. He enjoyed entertaining at Villa Pines and other senior centers. As his "fame" spread he received many requests to play at local taverns and for parties. Yukon was also a talented artist. Many of his cartoons can be seen in local businesses around Adams-Friendship.
He was preceded in death by his wife, Margaret; parents, Conrad & Helen; brother, Gerald Exner; granddaughter, Shannon Gallagher, and Grandson, Justin Exner.
Yukon is survived by his children, Barbara (Tom) Borgiet, Deborah Krapcha, Gary (Connie) Exner Sr. Scott (Tammy) Exner, and brother Leroy (Millie) Exner. He is further survived by grandchildren & great-grandchildren.
Per Yukon's request, no services will be held.
You will be missed ty for being wonderful to my mom ! You always made my mom smile and made the dark, light for her ! I hope you rest in peace you sweet sweet man !
Our deepest sympathy to the family. Yukon was a familiar face to many at the Adams flea market.. He was always there early to make the rounds and find the best deals. We will miss his smiling face and music.
R.I.P. Yukon. I have all the drawings you did of "Alfie" framed an on my wall. What a talented man you were and a special friend to "Audrey". My sympathies to the family. You have been missed in the community but you have left many great memories.
Another wonderful volunteer who brought many smiles to many faces by his humor and music. Rest in peace yukon.
He will greatly be missed,loved talking to him and seeing his smiling face.prayers to all.
Yukon was such a kind man. He was a bright light anytime you saw him. He will definitely be missed.
Condolences to the family. Yukon was such a kind, gentle soul who was loved by many.
He was a man we truly lived to see and talk to at the bakery. He would sing for us all the time. Truly blessed and a joy. He will br sadly missed.


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1) Identify appropriate juvenile tarpon habitats for protection and restoration.
2) Work with NGOs, government agencies, and anglers to protect and restore juvenile tarpon habitats.
3) Conduct an education campaign to promote the value of juvenile tarpon habitat restoration.
BTT conducted habitat assessments in two locations on the west coast of Florida to establish a baseline for the upcoming restoration of those sites. The resulting information will guide future restoration efforts.
BTT launched a juvenile tarpon habitat project near Charleston, SC in Spring 2015. The goal of the project is to gain a better understanding of juvenile tarpon habitat use and what that means for the adult fishery in South Carolina and nearby coastal waters. At the end of this project, we will be able to determine the survivability of juveniles in South Carolina and determine what that entails for future projects and management efforts in that region.
BTT started a juvenile tarpon habitat mapping project in 2016 in Florida to map juvenile habitats to prioritize for protection and restoration. Click here for info and to participate.
Here's something that many don't know, or just don't think about when they are out chasing big tarpon: As juveniles, they depend upon backwater wetlands and swamps. Without these backwater habitats, we would have few juveniles surviving and becoming the big fish that make anglers weak in the knees. In other words, places where most anglers don't fish are essential to the fishery. Unfortunately, in many areas these backwater habitats have been lost or have become degraded. In fact, the loss and degradation of juvenile habitats is a major reason that a recent International Union for the Conservation of Nature scientific assessment classified the tarpon population as "vulnerable." This is why Bonefish & Tarpon Trust launched the Juvenile Tarpon Habitat Initiative a few years ago. We're pleased to report that the program is gaining steam.
Mangroves are essential habitats for coastal ecosystems. They provide critical habitat for many species of gamefish and their prey. This is especially true for tarpon, whose juvenile life stage depends upon healthy, shallow mangrove and marsh habitats. Since healthy fisheries depend upon healthy habitats, especially juvenile habitats, there is an urgent need to protect and restore juvenile tarpon mangrove nursery habitats.
Unfortunately, mangroves are under threat worldwide: globally, approximately 35% of mangroves have been lost, and continue to be lost at a rate of 2% per year; in Florida, approximately 50% of mangroves have already been lost, and degradation of these habitats continues. Since the amount of available habitat is one of the most important factors in determining population size, the loss of these critical habitats has direct and immediate effects on tarpon, snook, and the fisheries they support.
These juvenile tarpon nursery habitats are likely to be in close proximity to urbanized areas, have already declined in coverage and quality, and are under continuing threat. In the United States, coastal areas comprise approximately 17% of the total land area, and 25% of coastal areas are expected to be developed by 2025 – with more than 50% of the nation's population living in coastal areas. As coastal human populations continue to increase, coastal ecosystems and the fisheries they support are becoming increasingly stressed due to factors such as habitat loss and degradation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to protect and restore these critically important habitats.
Even when coastal mangroves and salt marshes are protected, which limits direct impacts from development, much of the uplands have been developed or their freshwater flow patterns altered, thus degrading habitat quality of the adjacent mangrove and marsh habitats. Thus, although many mangrove habitats don't appear to have suffered direct damage (i.e., from clearing or dredging), the effects of upland habitat degradation on mangroves are just as damaging.


The Cross-Referenced Patent Cooperation Treaty is intended as an aid to practicing patent attorneys and trainees, enabling them to quickly identify and locate items relating to a particular article or rule. It will also be useful for students preparing for the European Qualifying Examination.
Students preparing for the European Qualifying Examination (EQE) are referred to EQE methodology courses provided at Maastricht University.
An excellent reference book to prepare for the EQE is: The Annotated European Patent Convention written by Derk Visser. See htelpublisher.com for information.


How are employees trained, and do they have current background checks?
Commercial cleaners often clean offices during non-working hours. This requires a lot of trust on the part of business owners and their employees. It's important to know that the company you are hiring runs criminal background checks on their employees. This commitment to providing qualified employees should never be underestimated. Ask for a detailed explanation of the company's hiring policy, and don't be shy to ask for a copy of the employee policy.


Fall is my favorite season. I love the cooler weather, and breaking out those sweaters. I like watching the leaves change color, though sometimes raking up all of those leaves is overwhelming! Hey, at least it's good exercise.
But fall can be a difficult time for those of us who have lost loved ones. Whether you celebrate the holidays or not, it's difficult, if not impossible, to escape the holiday spirit that takes over the country this time of year. I read this week that a radio station has already switched over to an all-holiday song format!
With the change in season, I've been a bit nostalgic lately. This photo with my father was taken in the fall of 2002. I can't believe it has been 14 years. At the time, it had been awhile since I had seen my parents and my first reaction was that they looked "so old." Little did I know what was in store. Dad would lose his mind to dementia, my mother would battle colon cancer.
But in 2002, my parents were enjoying a modest but comfortable retirement. I was earning a modest, but independent living. What we consider to be a mundane moment can turn out to be a moment to treasure.
I'm glad I have this photo with my father. It is one of the few I have before the dementia took hold, a moment in our lives when things were blessedly status quo. Don't let those moments pass you by, document them if you can. You'll be grateful for the memories later.
I understand how this time of year can bring up melancholy. Hugs to you Joy.
P.S. Great photo of you two.


Remove Advertisements Sponsored Links. This is the computer I am writing this post from I thought that the best and most thorough way to document my problem was to just show a list of screenshots of the relevant interface windows for the router, wireless card configuration, wireless network connection properties and configuration utility. Try out mixed mode. More problems with USB wireless Lan adapter! Well, the external is probably the realistic choice.
Wireless Network Connection Properties http: Enter the e-mail address of the recipient Add your own personal message: Join our community today! Well, the external is probably the realistic choice. The biggest bit of info to find out carf this card is the chipset that it runs. Every is working great only I can't get the correct drivers for the card.
Wednesday, September catd, 8: Email Required, but never shown. Can someone help me find a driver for it and if all else fails, what alternatives can I do? Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 3: Yes I asked multiple questions in an attempt to solve this problem starting back in February Wireless problem with Suse9.
But could WPA2 mixed work? Once reported, our staff will be notified and the comment will be reviewed. Find More Posts by Hangdog All times are GMT If it works, then select that.
View LQ Wiki Contributions. Post as a guest Name. I must also mention that my other Vista laptop can connect just fine to my router's personal network. Sign up using Email and Password.
Since you've already submitted a review for this product, this submission will be added as an update to your original review. I'd rather stay with Windows 7 than go back to XP. Try running lspci in the console and see lqn that spits out anything useful about the card.
I know this myself as i've installed Windows 7 witeless a laptop with IP! The posting of advertisements, profanity, or personal attacks is prohibited. Else fall back to WPA.
If you need to reset your password, click here. Note that registered members see fewer ads, and ContentLink is completely disabled once you log in.
On Acers support website the driver doesn't. Computer powers off in sleep mode Thank You for Submitting Your Review,!


text:
package org.elasticsearch.transport;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableBiMap;
import org.elasticsearch.Version;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.health.ClusterHealthAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.node.hotthreads.NodesHotThreadsAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.node.info.NodesInfoAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.node.restart.NodesRestartAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.node.shutdown.NodesShutdownAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.node.shutdown.TransportNodesShutdownAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.node.stats.NodesStatsAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.repositories.delete.DeleteRepositoryAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.repositories.get.GetRepositoriesAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.repositories.put.PutRepositoryAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.reroute.ClusterRerouteAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.settings.ClusterUpdateSettingsAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.shards.ClusterSearchShardsAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.snapshots.create.CreateSnapshotAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.snapshots.delete.DeleteSnapshotAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.snapshots.get.GetSnapshotsAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.snapshots.restore.RestoreSnapshotAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.snapshots.status.SnapshotsStatusAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.snapshots.status.TransportNodesSnapshotsStatus;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.state.ClusterStateAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.stats.ClusterStatsAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.tasks.PendingClusterTasksAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.alias.IndicesAliasesAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.alias.exists.AliasesExistAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.alias.get.GetAliasesAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.analyze.AnalyzeAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.cache.clear.ClearIndicesCacheAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.close.CloseIndexAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.create.CreateIndexAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.delete.DeleteIndexAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.exists.indices.IndicesExistsAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.exists.types.TypesExistsAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.flush.FlushAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.mapping.delete.DeleteMappingAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.mapping.get.GetFieldMappingsAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.mapping.get.GetMappingsAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.mapping.put.PutMappingAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.open.OpenIndexAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.optimize.OptimizeAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.recovery.RecoveryAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.refresh.RefreshAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.segments.IndicesSegmentsAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.settings.get.GetSettingsAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.settings.put.UpdateSettingsAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.stats.IndicesStatsAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.status.IndicesStatusAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.template.delete.DeleteIndexTemplateAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.template.get.GetIndexTemplatesAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.template.put.PutIndexTemplateAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.validate.query.ValidateQueryAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.warmer.delete.DeleteWarmerAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.warmer.get.GetWarmersAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.warmer.put.PutWarmerAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.count.CountAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.delete.DeleteAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.deletebyquery.DeleteByQueryAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.explain.ExplainAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.get.GetAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.get.MultiGetAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.indexedscripts.delete.DeleteIndexedScriptAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.indexedscripts.get.GetIndexedScriptAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.indexedscripts.put.PutIndexedScriptAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.mlt.MoreLikeThisAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.percolate.MultiPercolateAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.percolate.PercolateAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.ClearScrollAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.MultiSearchAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchScrollAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.suggest.SuggestAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.termvector.MultiTermVectorsAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.termvector.TermVectorAction;
import org.elasticsearch.action.update.UpdateAction;
import org.elasticsearch.cluster.action.index.MappingUpdatedAction;
import org.elasticsearch.cluster.action.index.NodeIndexDeletedAction;
import org.elasticsearch.cluster.action.index.NodeMappingRefreshAction;
import org.elasticsearch.cluster.action.shard.ShardStateAction;
import org.elasticsearch.discovery.zen.ZenDiscovery;
import org.elasticsearch.discovery.zen.fd.MasterFaultDetection;
import org.elasticsearch.discovery.zen.fd.NodesFaultDetection;
import org.elasticsearch.discovery.zen.membership.MembershipAction;
import org.elasticsearch.discovery.zen.ping.multicast.MulticastZenPing;
import org.elasticsearch.discovery.zen.ping.unicast.UnicastZenPing;
import org.elasticsearch.discovery.zen.publish.PublishClusterStateAction;
import org.elasticsearch.gateway.local.state.meta.LocalAllocateDangledIndices;
import org.elasticsearch.gateway.local.state.meta.TransportNodesListGatewayMetaState;
import org.elasticsearch.gateway.local.state.shards.TransportNodesListGatewayStartedShards;
import org.elasticsearch.indices.recovery.RecoverySource;
import org.elasticsearch.indices.recovery.RecoveryTarget;
import org.elasticsearch.indices.store.IndicesStore;
import org.elasticsearch.indices.store.TransportNodesListShardStoreMetaData;
import org.elasticsearch.river.cluster.PublishRiverClusterStateAction;
import org.elasticsearch.search.action.SearchServiceTransportAction;
import org.elasticsearch.snapshots.RestoreService;
import org.elasticsearch.snapshots.SnapshotsService;

final class ActionNames {

    static final ImmutableBiMap<String, String> ACTION_NAMES = createActionNamesMap();

    private ActionNames() {

    }

    static String incomingAction(String action, Version version) {
        if (version.before(Version.V_1_4_0_Beta1)) {
            String post_1_4_action = post_1_4_action(action);
            //custom action e.g. registered through plugin are not mapped, fallback to the original one
            if (post_1_4_action != null) {
                return post_1_4_action;
            }
        }
        return action;
    }

    static String outgoingAction(String action, Version version) {
        if (version.before(Version.V_1_4_0_Beta1)) {
            String pre_1_4_Action = pre_1_4_Action(action);
            //custom actions e.g. registered through plugins are not mapped, fallback to the original one
            if (pre_1_4_Action != null) {
                return pre_1_4_Action;
            }
        }
        return action;
    }

    static String post_1_4_action(String action) {
        return ACTION_NAMES.inverse().get(action);
    }

    static String pre_1_4_Action(String action) {
        return ACTION_NAMES.get(action);
    }

    private static ImmutableBiMap<String, String> createActionNamesMap() {
        ImmutableBiMap.Builder<String, String> builder = ImmutableBiMap.builder();

        addNodeAction(NodesRestartAction.NAME, "cluster/nodes/restart", builder);
        builder.put(NodesShutdownAction.NAME, "cluster/nodes/shutdown");
        builder.put(TransportNodesShutdownAction.SHUTDOWN_NODE_ACTION_NAME, "/cluster/nodes/shutdown/node");

        builder.put(DeleteRepositoryAction.NAME, "cluster/repository/delete");
        builder.put(GetRepositoriesAction.NAME, "cluster/repository/get");
        builder.put(PutRepositoryAction.NAME, "cluster/repository/put");

        builder.put(ClusterRerouteAction.NAME, "cluster/reroute");

        builder.put(ClusterUpdateSettingsAction.NAME, "cluster/settings/update");

        builder.put(CreateSnapshotAction.NAME, "cluster/snapshot/create");
        builder.put(DeleteSnapshotAction.NAME, "cluster/snapshot/delete");
        builder.put(GetSnapshotsAction.NAME, "cluster/snapshot/get");
        builder.put(RestoreSnapshotAction.NAME, "cluster/snapshot/restore");

        builder.put(ClusterHealthAction.NAME, "cluster/health");
        addNodeAction(NodesHotThreadsAction.NAME, "cluster/nodes/hot_threads", builder);
        addNodeAction(NodesInfoAction.NAME, "cluster/nodes/info", builder);
        addNodeAction(NodesStatsAction.NAME, "cluster/nodes/stats", builder);

        builder.put(SnapshotsStatusAction.NAME, "cluster/snapshot/status");
        addNodeAction(TransportNodesSnapshotsStatus.ACTION_NAME, "cluster/snapshot/status/nodes", builder);

        builder.put(ClusterStateAction.NAME, "cluster/state");
        addNodeAction(ClusterStatsAction.NAME, "cluster/stats", builder);

        builder.put(PendingClusterTasksAction.NAME, "cluster/task");

        builder.put(IndicesAliasesAction.NAME, "indices/aliases");
        builder.put(AliasesExistAction.NAME, "indices/exists/aliases");
        builder.put(GetAliasesAction.NAME, "indices/get/aliases");

        addShardAction(AnalyzeAction.NAME, "indices/analyze", builder);
        addShardAction(ClearIndicesCacheAction.NAME, "indices/cache/clear", builder);

        builder.put(CloseIndexAction.NAME, "indices/close");
        builder.put(CreateIndexAction.NAME, "indices/create");
        builder.put(DeleteIndexAction.NAME, "indices/delete");
        builder.put(IndicesExistsAction.NAME, "indices/exists");
        addShardAction(FlushAction.NAME, "indices/flush", builder);

        builder.put(DeleteMappingAction.NAME, "indices/mapping/delete");
        builder.put(PutMappingAction.NAME, "indices/mapping/put");
        builder.put(GetFieldMappingsAction.NAME, "mappings/fields/get");
        builder.put(GetFieldMappingsAction.NAME + "[index][s]", "mappings/fields/get/index/s");
        builder.put(GetMappingsAction.NAME, "mappings/get");

        builder.put(OpenIndexAction.NAME, "indices/open");

        addShardAction(OptimizeAction.NAME, "indices/optimize", builder);
        addShardAction(RefreshAction.NAME, "indices/refresh", builder);
        builder.put(UpdateSettingsAction.NAME, "indices/settings/update");
        builder.put(ClusterSearchShardsAction.NAME, "cluster/shards/search_shards");

        builder.put(DeleteIndexTemplateAction.NAME, "indices/template/delete");
        builder.put(GetIndexTemplatesAction.NAME, "indices/template/get");
        builder.put(PutIndexTemplateAction.NAME, "indices/template/put");

        builder.put(TypesExistsAction.NAME, "indices/types/exists");
        addShardAction(ValidateQueryAction.NAME, "indices/validate/query", builder);

        builder.put(DeleteWarmerAction.NAME, "indices/warmer/delete");
        builder.put(GetWarmersAction.NAME, "warmers/get");
        builder.put(PutWarmerAction.NAME, "indices/warmer/put");

        addShardAction(CountAction.NAME, "count", builder);
        addShardAction(ExplainAction.NAME, "explain", builder);
        addShardAction(GetAction.NAME, "get", builder);
        builder.put(MultiGetAction.NAME, "mget");
        builder.put(MultiGetAction.NAME + "[shard][s]", "mget/shard/s");

        builder.put(GetIndexedScriptAction.NAME, "getIndexedScript");
        builder.put(PutIndexedScriptAction.NAME, "putIndexedScript");
        builder.put(DeleteIndexedScriptAction.NAME, "deleteIndexedScript");

        builder.put(MoreLikeThisAction.NAME, "mlt");

        builder.put(MultiPercolateAction.NAME, "mpercolate");
        builder.put(MultiPercolateAction.NAME + "[shard][s]", "mpercolate/shard/s");

        builder.put(MultiSearchAction.NAME, "msearch");

        builder.put(MultiTermVectorsAction.NAME, "mtv");
        builder.put(MultiTermVectorsAction.NAME + "[shard][s]", "mtv/shard/s");

        addShardAction(PercolateAction.NAME, "percolate", builder);

        builder.put(SearchScrollAction.NAME, "search/scroll");
        builder.put(ClearScrollAction.NAME, "clear_sc");

        builder.put(SearchAction.NAME, "search");
        builder.put(SearchServiceTransportAction.FREE_CONTEXT_ACTION_NAME, "search/freeContext");
        builder.put(SearchServiceTransportAction.CLEAR_SCROLL_CONTEXTS_ACTION_NAME, "search/clearScrollContexts");
        builder.put(SearchServiceTransportAction.DFS_ACTION_NAME, "search/phase/dfs");
        builder.put(SearchServiceTransportAction.QUERY_ACTION_NAME, "search/phase/query");
        builder.put(SearchServiceTransportAction.QUERY_ID_ACTION_NAME, "search/phase/query/id");
        builder.put(SearchServiceTransportAction.QUERY_SCROLL_ACTION_NAME, "search/phase/query/scroll");
        builder.put(SearchServiceTransportAction.QUERY_FETCH_ACTION_NAME, "search/phase/query+fetch");
        builder.put(SearchServiceTransportAction.QUERY_QUERY_FETCH_ACTION_NAME, "search/phase/query/query+fetch");
        builder.put(SearchServiceTransportAction.QUERY_FETCH_SCROLL_ACTION_NAME, "search/phase/query+fetch/scroll");
        builder.put(SearchServiceTransportAction.FETCH_ID_ACTION_NAME, "search/phase/fetch/id");
        builder.put(SearchServiceTransportAction.SCAN_ACTION_NAME, "search/phase/scan");
        builder.put(SearchServiceTransportAction.SCAN_SCROLL_ACTION_NAME, "search/phase/scan/scroll");

        addShardAction(SuggestAction.NAME, "suggest", builder);
        addShardAction(TermVectorAction.NAME, "tv", builder);

        builder.put(BulkAction.NAME, "bulk");
        builder.put(BulkAction.NAME + "[s]", "bulk/shard");
        builder.put(BulkAction.NAME + "[s][r]", "bulk/shard/replica");

        builder.put(DeleteAction.NAME, "delete");
        builder.put(DeleteAction.NAME + "[r]", "delete/replica");
        builder.put(DeleteAction.NAME + "[s]", "indices/index/b_shard/delete");
        builder.put(DeleteAction.NAME + "[s][r]", "indices/index/b_shard/delete/replica");

        builder.put(DeleteByQueryAction.NAME, "deleteByQuery");
        builder.put(DeleteByQueryAction.NAME + "[s]", "deleteByQuery/shard");
        builder.put(DeleteByQueryAction.NAME + "[s][r]", "deleteByQuery/shard/replica");

        builder.put(IndexAction.NAME, "index");
        builder.put(IndexAction.NAME + "[r]", "index/replica");

        builder.put(UpdateAction.NAME, "update");

        addShardAction(RecoveryAction.NAME, "indices/recovery", builder);
        addShardAction(IndicesSegmentsAction.NAME, "indices/segments", builder);
        addShardAction(IndicesStatsAction.NAME, "indices/stats", builder);
        addShardAction(IndicesStatusAction.NAME, "indices/status", builder);

        builder.put(GetSettingsAction.NAME, "indices/settings/get");

        builder.put(MappingUpdatedAction.ACTION_NAME, "cluster/mappingUpdated");
        builder.put(NodeIndexDeletedAction.INDEX_DELETED_ACTION_NAME, "cluster/nodeIndexDeleted");
        builder.put(NodeIndexDeletedAction.INDEX_STORE_DELETED_ACTION_NAME, "cluster/nodeIndexStoreDeleted");
        builder.put(NodeMappingRefreshAction.ACTION_NAME, "cluster/nodeMappingRefresh");
        addNodeAction(TransportNodesListShardStoreMetaData.ACTION_NAME, "/cluster/nodes/indices/shard/store", builder);
        builder.put(ShardStateAction.SHARD_STARTED_ACTION_NAME, "cluster/shardStarted");
        builder.put(ShardStateAction.SHARD_FAILED_ACTION_NAME, "cluster/shardFailure");
        builder.put(RestoreService.UPDATE_RESTORE_ACTION_NAME, "cluster/snapshot/update_restore");
        builder.put(SnapshotsService.UPDATE_SNAPSHOT_ACTION_NAME, "cluster/snapshot/update_snapshot");
        builder.put(MasterFaultDetection.MASTER_PING_ACTION_NAME, "discovery/zen/fd/masterPing");
        builder.put(NodesFaultDetection.PING_ACTION_NAME, "discovery/zen/fd/ping");
        builder.put(MembershipAction.DISCOVERY_JOIN_ACTION_NAME, "discovery/zen/join");
        builder.put(ZenDiscovery.DISCOVERY_REJOIN_ACTION_NAME, "discovery/zen/rejoin");
        builder.put(MembershipAction.DISCOVERY_JOIN_VALIDATE_ACTION_NAME, "discovery/zen/join/validate");
        builder.put(MembershipAction.DISCOVERY_LEAVE_ACTION_NAME, "discovery/zen/leave");
        builder.put(MulticastZenPing.ACTION_NAME, "discovery/zen/multicast");
        builder.put(PublishClusterStateAction.ACTION_NAME, "discovery/zen/publish");
        builder.put(UnicastZenPing.ACTION_NAME, "discovery/zen/unicast");
        builder.put(LocalAllocateDangledIndices.ACTION_NAME, "/gateway/local/allocate_dangled");
        addNodeAction(TransportNodesListGatewayMetaState.ACTION_NAME, "/gateway/local/meta-state", builder);
        addNodeAction(TransportNodesListGatewayStartedShards.ACTION_NAME, "/gateway/local/started-shards", builder);

        builder.put(RecoveryTarget.Actions.CLEAN_FILES, "index/shard/recovery/cleanFiles");
        builder.put(RecoveryTarget.Actions.FILE_CHUNK, "index/shard/recovery/fileChunk");
        builder.put(RecoveryTarget.Actions.FILES_INFO, "index/shard/recovery/filesInfo");
        builder.put(RecoveryTarget.Actions.FINALIZE, "index/shard/recovery/finalize");
        builder.put(RecoveryTarget.Actions.PREPARE_TRANSLOG, "index/shard/recovery/prepareTranslog");
        builder.put(RecoveryTarget.Actions.TRANSLOG_OPS, "index/shard/recovery/translogOps");
        builder.put(RecoverySource.Actions.START_RECOVERY, "index/shard/recovery/startRecovery");

        builder.put(IndicesStore.ACTION_SHARD_EXISTS, "index/shard/exists");

        builder.put(PublishRiverClusterStateAction.ACTION_NAME, "river/state/publish");

        return builder.build();
    }

    private static void addNodeAction(String name, String pre_14_name, ImmutableBiMap.Builder<String, String> builder) {
        builder.put(name, pre_14_name);
        builder.put(name + "[n]", pre_14_name + "/n");
    }

    private static void addShardAction(String name, String pre_14_name, ImmutableBiMap.Builder<String, String> builder) {
        builder.put(name, pre_14_name);
        builder.put(name + "[s]", pre_14_name + "/s");
    }
}


text:
Matthew 20Matthew 22
Matthew 21:33-46 Wycliffe Bible (WYC)
33 Hear ye another parable. There was an husbandman, that planted a vineyard, and hedged it about, and delved a presser therein, and builded a tower [and built a tower], and hired it to earth-tillers, and went far in pilgrimage.
34 And when the time of fruits approached, he sent his servants to the earth-tillers, to take fruits of it.[a]
35 And the earth-tillers took his servants, and they beat one, they slew another, and stoned another. [And, his servants taken, the earth-tillers beat one, they killed another, forsooth they stoned another.]
36 Again he sent other servants, more than the first, and in like manner they did to them [and they did to them in like manner].
37 And at the last he sent his son to them, and said [saying], They shall dread my son.
38 But the earth-tillers, seeing the son, said within themselves, This is the heir; come ye, slay we him, and we shall have his heritage.
39 And they took him, and casted [cast] him out of the vineyard, and slew him.
40 Therefore when the lord of the vineyard shall come, what shall he do to those earth-tillers?
41 They say to him, He shall destroy evil the evil men, and he shall set to hire his vineyard to other earth-tillers, which shall yield to him fruit in their times.[b]
42 Jesus saith to them, Read ye never in scriptures, The stone which the builders reproved, this is made into the head of the corner? Of the Lord this thing is done, and it is marvelous in our eyes.
43 Therefore I say to you, that the kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and shall be given to a folk doing [the] fruits of it.[c]
44 And he that shall fall on this stone, shall be broken; but on whom it shall fall, it shall bruise him all to pieces [it shall pound him all to pieces].
45 And when the princes of priests and [the] Pharisees had heard his parables, they knew that he [had] said of them.
46 And they sought to hold him, but they dreaded the people [And they, seeking to hold him, dreaded the companies], for they had him as a prophet.
Matthew 21:34 Forsooth when the time of fruits nighed, he sent his servants to the earth-tillers, that they should take the fruits of it.
Matthew 21:41 They said to him, He shall lose evil the evil men, and set to hire his vineyard to other earth-tillers, the which shall yield to him fruits in their times.
Matthew 21:43 Therefore I say to you, for the kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and it shall be given to a folk doing the fruits thereof.
Wycliffe Bible (WYC)
2001 by Terence P. Noble
Matthew 21:33-46 New Matthew Bible (NMB)
33 Hear another similitude: There was a certain householder, who planted a vineyard. He hedged it round about, and made a winepress in it, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country. 34 And when the time of the fruit drew near, he sent his servants to the husbandmen, to receive the fruits of it. 35 And the husbandmen caught his servants, and beat one, killed another, and stoned another. 36 Again he sent other servants, more than at the first, and they treated them likewise. 37 Then last of all he sent to them his own son, saying, They will respect my son. 38 But when the husbandmen saw the son, they said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and let us take his inheritance for ourselves. 39 And they caught him and thrust him out of the vineyard, and slew him. 40 Now when the lord of the vineyard comes, what will he do with those husbandmen?
41 They said to him, He will miserably destroy those evil persons, and will let out his vineyard to other husbandmen, who will render to him the fruit in their seasons.
42 Jesus said to them, Did you never read in the scriptures: The stone which the builders refused, the same is set in the principal part of the corner; this was the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes? 43 Therefore I say to you, the kingdom of God will be taken from you and will be given to the Gentiles, who will bring forth the fruits of it. 44 And whosoever falls on this stone, he shall be broken; but whomever it falls upon, it will grind him to powder.
45 When the chief priests and Pharisees heard these similitudes, they perceived that he was speaking of them. 46 And went about to lay hands on him, but they feared the people, because they took him as a prophet.
New Matthew Bible (NMB)
Copyright © 2016 by Ruth Magnusson (Davis). All rights reserved.
Matthew 21:33-46 1599 Geneva Bible (GNV)
33 ¶ [a]Hear another parable, There was a certain householder, which planted a vineyard, and hedged it round about, and made a winepress therein, and [b]built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a strange country.
34 And when the time of the fruit drew near, he sent his servants to the husbandmen to receive the fruits thereof.
35 And the husbandmen took his servants and beat one, and killed another, and stoned another.
36 Again he sent other servants, more than the first: and they did the like unto them.
37 But last of all he sent unto them his own son, saying, They will reverence my son.
38 But when the husbandmen saw the son, they said among themselves, This is the heir: come, let us kill him, and let us [c]take his inheritance.
39 So they took him, and cast him out of the vineyard, and slew him.
40 When therefore the Lord of the vineyard shall come, what will he do to those husbandmen?
41 They said unto him, He will [d]cruelly destroy those wicked men, and will let out his vineyard unto other husbandmen, which shall deliver him the fruits in their seasons.
42 Jesus said unto them, Read ye never in the Scriptures, The stone which the [e]builders refused, the same is [f]made the [g]head of the corner? [h]This was the Lord's doing, and it is marvelous in our eyes.
43 Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and shall be given to a nation, which shall bring forth the [i]fruits thereof.
44 And whosoever shall fall on this stone, he shall be broken: but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will [j]dash him in pieces.
45 And when the chief Priests and Pharisees had heard his parables, they perceived that he spake of them.
46 [k]And they seeking to lay hands on him, feared the people, because they took him as a Prophet.
Matthew 21:33 Those men oftentimes are the cruelest enemies of the Church, to whose fidelity it is committed: But the vocation of God, is neither tied to time, place, nor person.
Matthew 21:33 Made the place strong: For a tower is the strongest place of a wall.
Matthew 21:38 Word for word, let us hold it fast.
Matthew 21:41 A kind of proverb, showing what end the wicked are worthy of.
Matthew 21:42 Master builders, which are chief builders of the house, that is, of the Church.
Matthew 21:42 Began to be.
Matthew 21:42 The chiefest stone in the corner is called the head of the corner, which beareth up the couplings or joints of the whole building.
Matthew 21:42 That matter (in that the stone which was cast away, is made the head) is the Lord's doing, which we behold and greatly marvel at.
Matthew 21:43 They bring forth the fruits of the kingdom of God, which bring forth the fruits of the Spirit, and not of the flesh, Gal. 5.
Matthew 21:44 As chaff used to be scattered with the wind, for he useth a word which signifieth properly, to separate the chaff from the corn with winnowing, to scatter it abroad.
Matthew 21:46 The wicked can do nothing, but what God will.
Matthew 21:33 : Isa. 5:1; Jer. 2:21; Mark 12:1; Luke 20:9
Matthew 21:38 : Matt. 26:3-4; Matt. 27:1; John 11:53
Matthew 21:42 : Ps. 118:22; Acts 4:11; Rom. 9:33
Matthew 21:44 : Isa. 8:14
1599 Geneva Bible (GNV)
Geneva Bible, 1599 Edition. Published by Tolle Lege Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations in articles, reviews, and broadcasts.
Matthew 21:33-46 Authorized (King James) Version (AKJV)
33 Hear another parable: There was a certain householder, which planted a vineyard, and hedged it round about, and digged a winepress in it, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country: 34 and when the time of the fruit drew near, he sent his servants to the husbandmen, that they might receive the fruits of it. 35 And the husbandmen took his servants, and beat one, and killed another, and stoned another. 36 Again, he sent other servants more than the first: and they did unto them likewise. 37 But last of all he sent unto them his son, saying, They will reverence my son. 38 But when the husbandmen saw the son, they said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and let us seize on his inheritance. 39 And they caught him, and cast him out of the vineyard, and slew him. 40 When the lord therefore of the vineyard cometh, what will he do unto those husbandmen? 41 They say unto him, He will miserably destroy those wicked men, and will let out his vineyard unto other husbandmen, which shall render him the fruits in their seasons. 42 Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes? 43 Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof. 44 And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken: but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder. 45 And when the chief priests and Pharisees had heard his parables, they perceived that he spake of them. 46 But when they sought to lay hands on him, they feared the multitude, because they took him for a prophet.
Authorized (King James) Version (AKJV)
KJV reproduced by permission of Cambridge University Press, the Crown's patentee in the UK.


there is insufficient value contrast in the default buttons for older users. Basically the default button text is almost unreadable by many users over the age of 50. (black text on dark blue has very little value contrast).
I would suggest using one of the options classified as excellent in the http://www.uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2007/01/applying-color-theory-to-digital-displays.php to improve readability.


text:
The 25 Most Awesome Road Trips From Chicago: Day Trips, Weekend Getaways, and Longer Excursions!
By Scott ShetlerChicago, Illinois, Indiana, Isle Royale National Park, Kansas, Nashville, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, USA, Wisconsin
Our guide to the best road trips from Chicago, including several you haven't considered before.
The Most Fun Things To Do In Chicago At Night
By Scott ShetlerChicago, Illinois, USA
From museums to karaoke bars to restaurants, Chicago has a number of cool things to do at night.
Useful Travel Tips
Quirky Attraction: International Museum of Surgical Science (Chicago)
Chicago's International Surgical Science Museum is the place to find vintage wheelchairs, surgery-themed artwork, and medical artifacts.
Museums, Quirky Attractions
Cool Neighborhoods in Chicago for Visitors to Experience the City
Get to know the Windy City via these cool neighborhoods that have character and vibrant energy.
The White Squirrels Are (Almost) Everywhere in Olney, Illinois
By Scott ShetlerIllinois, Olney, USA
Olney is a quirky small town known for its large population of albino squirrels. I set out to find them.
Quirky Attractions, Wildlife
How to Live in On $1000 a Month in Nearly Any Major American City
By Scott ShetlerChicago, featured, Illinois
If money is tight, you can still make things work. Here's how to live on $1000 a month in a major American city.
A Short Midwest Road Trip in the Chevrolet Trax (And How to Open the Gas Tank!)
By Scott ShetlerIllinois, Indiana
The Trax was an ideal vehicle for getting around Chicago and taking a short road trip.
Quirky Attraction: The Leaning Tower of Niles in Niles, Illinois (Chicago)
By Scott ShetlerChicago, featured, Illinois, USA
The Leaning Tower of Niles just outside Chicago is half the size of the famous Pisa attraction.
Quirky Attractions


text:
Q: The proofs of limit laws and derivative rules appear to tacitly assume that the limit exists in the first place Say I was trying to find the derivative of $x^2$ using differentiation from first principles. The usual argument would go something like this:

If $f(x)=x^2$, then \begin{align} f'(x) &= \lim_{h \to
0}\frac{(x+h)^2-x^2}{h} \\ &= \lim_{h \to 0}\frac{2hx+h^2}{h} \\
&= \lim_{h \to 0} 2x+h \end{align} As $h$ approaches $0$, $2x+h$
approaches $2x$, so $f'(x)=2x$.

Throughout this argument, I assumed that
$$
\lim_{h \to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}
$$
was actually a meaningful object—that the limit actually existed. I don't really understand what justifies this assumption. To me, sometimes the assumption that an object is well-defined can lead you to draw incorrect conclusions. For example, assuming that $\log(0)$ makes any sense, we can conclude that
$$
\log(0)=\log(0)+\log(0) \implies \log(0)=0 \, .
$$
So the assumption that $\log(0)$ represented anything meaningful led us to incorrectly conclude that it was equal to $0$. Often, to prove that a limit exists, we manipulate it until we can write it in a familiar form. This can be seen in the proofs of the chain rule and product rule. But it often seems that that manipulation can only be justified if we know the limit exists in the first place! So what is really going on here?

For another example, the chain rule is often stated as:

Suppose that $g$ is differentiable at $x$, and $f$ is differentiable at $g(x)$. Then, $(f \circ g)$ is differentiable at $x$, and
$$
(f \circ g)'(x) = f'(g(x))g'(x)
$$

If the proof that $(f \circ g)$ is differentiable at $x$ simply amounts to computing the derivative using the limit definition, then again I feel unsatisfied. Doesn't this computation again make the assumption that $(f \circ g)'(x)$ makes sense in the first place?

A: The other answers are perfectly fine; just a perspective that can save your day in situations in which the existence of the limit is actually a critical point.
The crucial definition is the one of limsup and liminf: these are always well defined, and all you have to know at the moment are the following two properties:

*

*$\liminf_{x \to x_0} f(x) \le \limsup_{x\to x_0} f(x) $

*The limit of $f$ exist if and only if $\liminf_{x \to x_0} f(x) = \limsup_{x\to x_0} f(x) $, and in this case the limit agree with this value.

Now imagine you do your computation twice: firstly, you compute the liminf; then you compute the limsup. In both computations, as soon as you arrive to something that actually has limit (like $2x+h$), because of property (2) you can forget about the inf/sup story and just compute the limit.
Since with some manipulations you arrive to something that actually has limit, both calculations will give the same result and, because of property (2) again, the limit exist and coincide with the value you just computed.
Now this is not really the thing you should do if you are doing introductory analysis and you don't know liminf and limsup: formal properties of these two are slightly different from the formal properties of lim, and you could end up with an error. But as long as you don't "touch" the limit, and you just make some manipulation inside theimit, the same argument will carry on: if you end up with a well defined result, it is the limit :)

A: What we have here should really be interpreted as multiple statements:
(1.) If $ \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{2hx + h^2}{h} $ exists then
$ \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{(x+h)^2 - x^2}{h}$ exists and is equal to $\lim_{h \to 0} \frac{2hx + h^2}{h} $.
(2.) If $ \lim_{h \to 0} [2x + h] $ exists then
$ \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{2hx + h^2}{h}$ exists and is equal to  $\lim_{h \to 0} [2x + h]$.
(3.) If $ \lim_{h \to 0} 2x$ exists then $ \lim_{h \to 0} [2x + h]$ exists and is equal to $ \lim_{h \to 0} 2x$.
(4.) $ \lim_{h \to 0} 2x$ exists and is equal to $ 2x $.
Note that once we have (4.) the "if" (conditional) part of (3.) is satisfied and so on all the way up to (1.). You can see that assuming that the limit exists in statements 1 to 3 is not a problem because you haven't used used that assumption to prove that it actually does. That would be circular logic and no good.
Your log example is different to this in the way that you don't have a statement that takes the role of statement (4.) above, which would allow you to escape the conditional. You have only proven that $\log(0) = 0$ IF $\log(0)$ exists, not that $\log(0)$ exists! This in itself is not an incorrect conclusion.

A: If you want to be more precise you could write:
  $f'(x) = \lim_{h→0} \frac{(x+h)^2-x^2}{h}$ if the limit exists
    $= \lim_{h→0} (2x+h)$ if the limit exists
    $= 2x$.
Meaning that each line only holds "if the limit exists". But we do not have to actually bother to do so in most cases for two reasons:

*

*It is usually easy enough to mentally add such conditions and check that we did not at any point rely on the existence of the limit.

*If we allow expressions to attain an "undefined value", and define that every expression with an "undefined" subexpression is itself undefined, then we do not even have to write the condition "if the limit exists"! If the limit is not defined, then the "$\lim \cdots$" expression would simply have value "undefined", which will not lead to any incorrect conclusions.

A: You're correct that it doesn't really make sense to write $\lim\limits_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}$ unless we already know the limit exists, but it's really just a grammar issue. To be precise, you could first say that the difference quotient can be re-written $\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}=2x+h$, and then use the fact that $\lim\limits_{h\to 0}x=x$ and $\lim\limits_{h\to 0}h=0$ as well as the constant-multiple law and the sum law for limits.
Adding to the last sentence: most of the familiar properties of limits are written "backwards" like this. I.e., the "limit sum law" says
$$\lim\limits_{x\to c}(f(x)+g(x))=\lim\limits_{x\to c}f(x)+\lim\limits_{x\to c}g(x)$$
as long as $\lim\limits_{x\to c}f(x)$ and $\lim\limits_{x\to c}g(x)$ exist. Of course, if they don't exist, then the equation we just wrote is meaningless, so really we should begin with that assertion.
In practice, one can usually be a bit casual here, if for no other reason than to save word count. In an intro analysis class, though, you would probably want to be as careful as you reasonably can.

A: Proposition: Let $c \in \mathbb{R}$. Suppose $f$ and $g$ are defined and equal to each other on some punctured open ball $(c - \delta) \cup (c + \delta)$ of $c$, where $\delta > 0$. Then $\lim_{x \to c} f(x)$ exists if and only if $\lim_{x \to c} g(x)$ exists. And if either limit exists, so does the other, and they are both equal.
Sketch of proof: Observe that the definition of limit at a point $c$ concerns itself only with points close to $c$ but not equal to $c$. So whatever the value of $f$ or $g$ at $c$, or for that matter whether or not they are defined there, does not matter. Since $f$ and $g$ are equal at points close to $c$ but not equal to $c$, our limit statement about either function at $c$ must therefore also hold for the other. $\square$
This justifies the various limit calculations that we often do, such as the one you showed. In fact, let us go through your example step by step.

If $f(x)=x^2$, then \begin{align} f'(x) &= \lim_{h \to
0}\frac{(x+h)^2-x^2}{h} \\ &= \lim_{h \to 0}\frac{2hx+h^2}{h} \\
&= \lim_{h \to 0} 2x+h \end{align} As $h$ approaches $0$, $2x+h$
approaches $2x$, so $f'(x)=2x$.

What do these sequences of calculations really mean or imply? Well, in the final step/equality, we computed
$\displaystyle \lim_{h \to 0} 2x + h$, which we agree exists and equals to $2x$. Since the function $\displaystyle \frac{2hx + h^2}{h}$ equals $2x + h$ in some punctured neighborhood of $0$, we can now use the proposition to conclude that $\displaystyle \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{2hx + h^2}{h}$ equals $\displaystyle \lim_{h \to 0} 2x + h$, which equals $2x$. So going from line (3) to line (2) is justified. Next, the function $\displaystyle \frac{(x+h)^2 - x^2}{h}$ equals $\displaystyle \frac{2hx + h^2}{h}$ in some punctured neighborhood of $0$, so again we can use the proposition to justify going from line (2) to line (1).
So we have sort of reasoned backwards, but practically speaking this is not necessary in ordinary limit calculations. Our reasoning also "works" even when the limit does not exist. If at the end we arrive at a limit that exists, then necessarily we can work backwards and guarantee that the initial first limit exists; and if at the end we arrive at a limit that does not exist, then necessarily the initial first limit cannot exist, otherwise we could go down the series of equivalences guaranteed by the proposition to guarantee that the final limit exists.
So in all cases things "work out fine". The important thing to note is simply that we have certain logical equivalences at each step: the limit exists at some step if and only if it exists at any earlier or later step.

A: The derivative does not exist unless the limit of the difference quotient exists.
The "limit law" that says the limit of a sum of two functions is equal to the sum of the two separate limits is not applicable unless the two separate limits exist. Notice that

*

*There are no cases where the two separate limits exist and the limit of the sum does not. If the two separate limits exist, then so does the limit of the sum.

*However, there are cases in which the two separate limits do not exist and the limit of the sum does. A similar situation applying to products rather than sums arose in something I posted here recently (I can't find it right now). For one of the two factors the limit did not exist, but the function was bounded and therefore the limit of the product could be found by squeezing.

A: No property of the limit was used in the first argument before the last step so actually what we have done inside the limit is just rewriting and when we reach the last step we can show the existence using the epsilon-delta definition which apparently deals with the existence issue , same thing applies to the chain rule thing since every thing in the proof before the last steps is just rewriting and the final steps which use the properties of limits which is justified since the epsilon delta definition deals with the existence issue, hope this helps

A: The issue largely vanishes if we just consider $\lim$ and $\log$ explicitly as partial functions. A partial function can be seen as a function whose codomain contains one extra (distinguishable!) element, basically the "error value".
$$\begin{align}
   \log :&& \mathbb{R} \not\to \mathbb{R}
\\ \lim_0 :&& ((\mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\})\to\mathbb{R}) \not\to \mathbb{R}
\end{align}$$
where we have for example
$$\begin{align}
   \log(1) =& \text{OK}(0)
\\ \log(0) =& \text{ERR}
\\ \lim_0( h\mapsto \tfrac{\sin h}{h}) =& \text{OK}(1)
\\ \lim_0( h\mapsto \tfrac1{h}) =& \text{ERR}
\end{align}$$
Now, the logarithm law
$$
  \log(a\cdot b) = \log a + \log b
$$
is to be understood with a "lifted" $+$ operator, that just passes failure on either side on. But that means that for this operator, we can't infer from $p+q=p$ that $q=0$, because $\text{ERR}+q$ is always $\text{ERR}$ regardless! Instead, only from $\text{OK}(p)+q = \text{OK}(p)$ we can infer $q = \text{OK}(0)$. Thus we don't get to the wrong conclusion about $\log(0)$, because that is not an $\text{OK}$ value.
Applied to the limits in the differentiation, we can immediately write
$$
  f'(x) = \lim_0\left(h\mapsto\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}\right)
$$
just noting that the result might be $\text{ERR}$. What we can also do without any problem is rewrite the expression inside the limit with anything that – as a function $h\mapsto\ldots$ – really is (extensionally) the same. This is in particular no problem for
$$\begin{align}
  f'(x) =& \lim_0\left(h\mapsto\frac{(x+h)^2-x^2}{h}\right)
\\ =& \lim_0\left(h\mapsto\frac{2\cdot h\cdot x+h^2}{h}\right)
\end{align}$$
because $h\mapsto\frac{(x+h)^2-x^2}{h}$ and $h\mapsto\frac{2\cdot h\cdot x+h^2}{h}$ really are the same for all $h\in\mathbb{R}$. Still, at this point we don't know if either of the limits actually exist – they might be both $\text{ERR}$, or both $\text{OK}$, but at any rate equal.
For the next step we need the fact that the limit considers its argument as only a function with nonzero numbers as the domain, because only considered as a function on that domain is $h\mapsto\frac{2\cdot h\cdot x+h^2}{h}$ the same function as $h\mapsto 2\cdot x+h$.
And that's it, at this point we can read off that the limit is indeed $\text{OK}(2\cdot x)$ and going back we see that the other limits must also have been $\text{OK}$ with that same value.

A: Note that $\dfrac{(x+h)^2-x^2}{h}$ is undefined at $h=0$ and that, when $h \ne 0$,
$$\dfrac{(x+h)^2-x^2}{h} = \frac{2hx+h^2}{h} = 2x+h$$
However, the function $:x \mapsto 2x+h$ is defined, continuous, and has a value of $2x$ at $h=0$.
We also need to use
$$\lim_{h \to 0}\frac{2hx+h^2}{h}
= \lim_{h \to 0}\frac hh \; \lim_{h \to 0}\frac{2x+h}{1}
= \lim_{h \to 0} (2x+h) = 2x$$
The rest follows.

A: If we want to be absolutely clear, then the argument for the derivative should be the following: $\lim\limits_{h\to0}\frac{(x+h)^2-x^2}{h}$ and $\lim\limits_{h\to0}2x+h$ both exist and are equal if and only if at least one of them exists. Since $\lim\limits_{h\to0}2x+h$ does in fact exist and is $2x$, so too must the other limit (that's $\lim_{h\to0}\frac{(x+h)^2-x^2}{h}$) exist and be $2x$.
This does not work for your logarithm example: You can argue that $\log0$ and $\log0+\log0$ exist and are the same if at least one of the two exists. But neither exists, so the point is moot.


It is hot, hot, hot in Boston right now! Don't worry, I am in no way complaining...I am actually basking in it. I told you all earlier this week that I would be sharing some looks from Tobi that are perfect for the warmer days ahead, and now here they are!
This next look that I am sharing from Tobi is based around this backless bodysuit. I love a good bodysuit! The tight fit that they provide make them the perfect base to any outfit. I especially love this one because it is entirely backless, so it is a bit more daring, and skin baring, than I usually do. However, even though I am showing a lot of skin with this look, it did not mean that I had to completely depart from my style, which I think usually veers more towards being classic vs. trendy.
In order to incorporate this bodysuit into a look that was ultimately me, I paired it with a pleated midi skirt. This way, I am still somewhat modest, even though my entire back is bare! If you don't have a midi skirt in your closet, pleated or not, you need to get one! You can dress them up and wear them to work, or you can throw one on with a t-shirt and sandals to wear it to the local farmers market. You can even do what I did, and dress it up for a sophisticated, going-out look! If I've sold you on midi skirts (which I hope I have) I have linked a few of my favorites below, along with the rest of this look!
2) Your closet is incomplete without a midi skirt!
3) You don't have to sacrifice your own sense of style to wear pieces that are currently "on trend", or that you think wouldn't normally work in your wardrobe!


text:
Q: How can I fix this logic sentence error without exceptions? Introduction
The code I am going to present now is part of a loop for a game. I am having problems with a error handling (not through exceptions).
Problem
This next function takes 4 int variables (row_1, col_1, row_2, col_2) which have to be checked if they are less than (size-1).
The reason behind is that we are working with a matrix and the range is from 0 to (size-1).
So if the user inputs less than 0 or more than (size-1) it should be asking again for an input
Code
 public static void gameLoop()
{
    //While you still play (true) or if (false) -> end game
    showMatrix(gameMatrix);//Cheat
    while(play == true)
        {
            showMatrix(displayMatrix);
            System.out.println("--------------------");
            System.out.println("Input first row and col press enter between inputs");
            System.out.print("First row: ");
                row_1 = scan.nextInt();
            System.out.print("First column: ");
                col_1 = scan.nextInt();
            System.out.println("Input second row and col press enter between inputs");
            System.out.print("Second row: ");
                row_2 = scan.nextInt();
            System.out.print("Second column: ");
                col_2 = scan.nextInt();

                if (row_1 == row_2 && col_1 == col_2)
                {
                    System.out.println("I tested this!");
                    showMatrix(displayMatrix);
                    System.out.println("--------------------");
                    System.out.println("[ERROR] Input not valid! Try again");
                    System.out.println("Input first row and col press enter between inputs");
                    System.out.print("First row: ");
                        row_1 = scan.nextInt();
                    System.out.print("First column: ");
                        col_1 = scan.nextInt();
                    System.out.println("Input second row and col press enter between inputs");
                    System.out.print("Second row: ");
                        row_2 = scan.nextInt();
                    System.out.print("Second column: ");
                        col_2 = scan.nextInt();
                }
                else if ((row_1 > size || row_1 < 0) && (row_2 > size || row_2 < 0) && (col_1 > size || col_2 < 0) && ((col_2 > size || col_2 < 0)))
                {
                    System.out.println("I tested that!");
                    showMatrix(displayMatrix);
                    System.out.println("--------------------");
                    System.out.println("[ERROR] Input not valid! Try again");
                    System.out.println("Input first row and col press enter between inputs");
                    System.out.print("First row: ");
                        row_1 = scan.nextInt();
                    System.out.print("First column: ");
                        col_1 = scan.nextInt();
                    System.out.println("Input second row and col press enter between inputs");
                    System.out.print("Second row: ");
                        row_2 = scan.nextInt();
                    System.out.print("Second column: ");
                        col_2 = scan.nextInt();
                }

            Turn(row_1, col_1, row_2, col_2, gameMatrix);
            check = checkEndgame(gameMatrix, displayMatrix);

                if(check == false)
                {
                    System.out.println("Would you like to play again? Y/N");
                        game_option = scan.next();

                        if ("Y".equals(game_option) || "y".equals(game_option))
                        {
                            createGame();
                            gameLoop();
                        }
                        else if ("N".equals(game_option) || "n".equals(game_option))
                        {
                            play = false;
                        }
                }

        }
}

Part of the code with the problem
if (row_1 == row_2 && col_1 == col_2){}

else if ((row_1 > size || row_1 < 0) && (row_2 > size || row_2 < 0) && (col_1 > size || col_2 < 0) && ((col_2 > size || col_2 < 0))){}

Question
I do not understand where I did go wrong with this logic after testing numbers which should trigger it.
Notes

*

*Feel free to judge the code and help me with design or error handling

*Those System.out.println("I tested that!"); && System.out.println("I tested this!"); are debug stdout.

A: You should use a do...while loop to make sure the inputs are valid. It takes a boolean argument:
do {
    // All the System.out.println and Scanner stuff...
} while(!checkAnswers(row_1, row_2, col_1, col_2));

Now we have to write the function checkAnswers that will return the boolean to state whether the user is allowed to quit the do...while loop:
public static boolean checkAnswers(int row_1, int row_2, int col_1, int col_2) {
    // I don't know why you needed that condition, but I let it there
    if(row_1 == row_2 || col_1 == col_2) return false;

    // check if the rows and colls are in the range 0...(size - 1)
    int[] rowsAndCols = {row_1, row_2, col_1, col_2};
    for(int i : rowsAndCols)
        if(i < 0 || i >= (size - 1)) return false;

    // If everything is good we can quit the do...while loop
    return true;
}

A:
Suggestions:

Console applications are unforgiving and unless handled carefully at the development stage can lead to an application no one wants to use because of its inability to handle input Errors or simple typing mistakes. How many times are you willing to restart an application.
People do make entry mistakes and the more informative your application is the less mistakes a User will make. For example, if you only want Users to input a value from 0 to let's say 10 then let them know what the requirements are, constantly:
Please enter the numerical values for FIRST Row and Column:
First Row (0 to 10): 7
First Column (0 to 10): |

You will always need to validate input so as to ensure that what is provided will actually process without any errors being generated. As you well know the keyboard is a pretty big input device with an awful lot of buttons on it and any one of then can be accidentally struck during input without the User even being aware of it. After all, everyone that owns a keyboard is automatically a typing master and can pump out 400 words per minute without looking at the screen. Well....so it seems and to be quite honest, I'm am by no means any exception to that.
Allow the User to carry out a re-entry should an error occur. Don't be afraid to utilize while loops for this, even nested ones. If handled correctly, there will be no issues with them.
Although this portion of your application is small, allow the User to quit at any time unless of course the current point needs to be completed in order to accomplish a clean exit. It's nasty when you can't get out of an application unless you finish it. especially when you just don't want to.
Where you can, use Methods or Classes to reduce or eliminate code duplication. Sometimes it is easier to read code when its long and drawn out with lots of duplication but in most cases it doesn't take long to get sick of looking at it. It can make you dizzy after a while. The old excuse "I just do it to get it working then I clean it up" really doesn't fly, well for the most part. If you can eliminate code duplication right away that way you don't have to code your application twice...or three times...or maybe more. Yes, we all do it in one form or another and again, I'm no exception to this.
By removing most code duplication and adding a small method or two your particular code segment might look something like this:
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);      // Declare Scanner (here for sake of this demo)
String LS = System.lineSeparator();         // System line Separator.
boolean play = true;                        // Play flag
int size = 8;                               // 8 is used for sake of this demo
String range = "(0 to " + (size - 1) + ")"; // Range so we don't have to keep typing it.
String[] rowCol;                            // Array to hold Row and Column string numerical values
String border1 = String.join("", Collections.nCopies(72, "-")); // Text Border 1 (-)
String border2 = String.join("", Collections.nCopies(42, "=")); // Text Border 2 (=)

while (play) {
    String input = "";  // Input from scanner goes in this variable
    rowCol = new String[4]; // Initialize Array
    // Declare & init int variables to hold input integer values (if desired)
    // Un-comment the below line if you want this...
    // int row_1 = -1, col_1 = -1, row_2 = -1, col_2 = -1;

    // Inform of what is required...
    System.out.println(border1);
    System.out.println("Please enter the numerical values for FIRST and "
            + "SECOND Rows and Columns." + LS + "Follow the provided prompts. "
            + "You can Enter 'q' or 'quit' at any time to" + LS + "end the game.");
    System.out.println(border1);

    // Get Input from User
    for (int i = 0; i < rowCol.length; i++) {
        // Set up current prompt...
        String prompt = LS;
        switch (i) {
            case 0:
                prompt += "Enter First Row Value " + range + ": ";
                break;
            case 1:
                prompt += "Enter First Column Value " + range + ": ";
                break;
            case 2:
                prompt += "Enter Secomd Row Value " + range + ": ";
                break;
            case 3:
                prompt += "Enter Second Column Value " + range + ": ";
                break;
        }

        input = "";     // Clear input variable
        // Get the actual input from User and validate.
        while (input.equals("")) {
            System.out.print(prompt);       // Display prompt
            input = scan.nextLine();        // Get keyboard input from User

            // Validate input...
            if (!validateUserRowColInput(0, (size - 1), input)) {
                input = ""; // Input was invalid so clear input variable
                continue;   // Re-prompt the User for proper input
            }
            rowCol[i] = input;  // All is good so add input to Array element at index i.
        }
    }

    // Display what was provided.
    System.out.println(border2);
    System.out.println("Row 1/Column 1  = " + rowCol[0] + "/" + rowCol[1] + LS
            + "Row 2/Column 2  = " + rowCol[2] + "/" + rowCol[3]);
    System.out.println(border2 + LS);
}

The rest of your game loop code you can add yourself. In the above code a simple String Array (named rowCol) is utilized to hold the values supplied by a User. This allows us to use a single for loop nested within the main play while loop to prompt for all 4 inputs from the User therefore eliminating some duplicate code and carrying out input validation all in one house so to speak.
If you want to convert the inputs to Integer (int's) then you could do something like this instead (directly after the for loop):
/* Array index 0 and 1 now contains the string numerical
   values for First Row and First Column. Array index 2 and
   3 now contains the string numerical values for Second Row
   and Second Column. If you just can't wrap your head around
   dealing with Arrays and indexes from this point then do
   something like the following:     */

// Convert String Array elements to integers
row_1 = Integer.parseInt(rowCol[0]);
col_1 = Integer.parseInt(rowCol[1]);
row_2 = Integer.parseInt(rowCol[2]);
col_2 = Integer.parseInt(rowCol[3]);

// Display what was provided.
System.out.println(border2);
System.out.println("Row 1/Column 1  = " + row_1 + "/" + col_1 + LS
        + "Row 2/Column 2  = " + row_2 + "/" + col_2);
System.out.println(border2 + LS);

The validateUserRowColInput() method which as it implies, validates the Users input to respect the desired rules for the code segment above. It is called directly after the User supplies input. The validation rules are basically what you had laid out within your post and the validation is done upon each input supplied rather than waiting for all four inputs to be provided:
Validation Rules:

*

*No Blank entries allowed;

*Only numerical characters can be supplied, no alpha characters other
than q or the word quit are accepted (not case sensitive);

*If q or the word quit is supplied the program ends;

*Row 1 and or Row 2 can not be Less Than 0;

*Column 1 and or Column 2 can not be less than 0;

*Row 1 and or Row 2 can not be Greater Than (size - 1);

*Column 1 and or Column 2 can not be Greater than (size - 1);

The User is of course informed if a rule is broken and given the opportunity to make a correct entry. Here is the validateUserRowColInput() method:
/**
 * Validates the User's Row and Column values input. This method checks to
 * ensure only numerical characters were entered. It also ensures the the
 * numerical value entered is between and or equal to the supplied minValue
 * and maxValue.
 *
 * @param minVal      (Integer) The minium Allowable integer value to be
 *                    entered.
 * @param maxVal      (Integer) The maximum allowable integer value to be
 *                    entered.
 * @param inputString (String) String representation of the integer value
 *                    supplied.
 *
 * @return (Boolean) True if the entry is valid and false if it is not.
 */
private static boolean validateUserRowColInput(int minVal, int maxVal, String inputString) {
    String LS = System.lineSeparator();
    if (inputString.equals("")) {
        System.out.println("Invalid Entry! You must supply a numerical "
                + "value from " + minVal + " to " + maxVal + ".");
        return false;
    }
    if (inputString.equalsIgnoreCase("q") || inputString.equalsIgnoreCase("quit")) {
        System.out.println("We hope you had fun. Bye Bye");
        System.exit(0);
    }
    if (!inputString.matches("\\d+")) {
        System.out.println("Invalid input supplied (" + inputString + ")! "
                + "You can not supply alpha characters, only" + LS
                + "numerical values are allowed!. Please try again...");
        return false;
    }
    int num = Integer.parseInt(inputString);
    if (num < minVal || num > maxVal) {
        System.out.println("Invalid input supplied (" + inputString + ")! "
                + "The numerical value you supply can not be" + LS + "less "
                + "than " + minVal + " and no greater than " + maxVal + ". "
                + "Please try again...");
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

Yes....this can all be reduced even more.