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Winners Announcement: Auto Hacks and Beyond: Show Us How You Would Use the Arduino MKR WiFi 1010 Board and CAN Shield!
Created by tariq.ahmad on Sep 2, 2018 4:31 PM. Last modified by tariq.ahmad on Feb 6, 2019 12:18 PM.
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Congratulations to vimarsh_ for Automating Industries ! You are the winner of the Arduino Engineering Kit!
We sent out MKR 1010 WiFi Boards and MKR CAN Shields to karthickiot , skd , contactdy14 , station240 , vimarsh_ , and palliser in order to demonstrate how engineers would ! We wanted you to show us what you could do with the MKR CAN shield or the MKR 1010 WiFi Board (you need a board to go along with the shield).
The Grand Prize, an Arduino Engineering Kit, was open for anyone who submitted a project in Arduino Projects or on the element14 community using the tag MKR_Auto_Hacks!
Anyone that submits a completed Arduino MKR WAN 1300 project by the deadline can win the grand prize.
Finalists:
Automating Industries by vimarsh_:
Fires in Industries have the most devastating effects. Just due to a flammable gas and a spark, a fire can occur causing a huge damage.
Also now its necessary to monitor the status of the industry from anywhere. Be it home, for fire or police department or anywhere. I have an idea and that is to monitor the gases of these industries and also we can control exhaust or temperature to evacuate the gases or bring them to non-reactive state.
To get these readings from anywhere I plan to use MKR Wifi 1010 board which has WiFi as most of the industries nowadays do have a decent WiFi and so the data can be sent over to a server and also read. Also to control the exhaust fans and AC or any such atmosphere or something else I plan to use CAN shield. Although I don't know much about it I had found out that most of the instruments in refining or manufacturing industries use CAN Interface only! We can also detect motion going on at some places and of course Temp, Humidity and Air pressure...
I also want the connected machines/devices to be controlled via web and the Conditions changing based on the phase of operation making it great and easy for automated operation of the machines...
Vidor4000 CAN-Bus Project by alisterw :
Plug a CAN-Bus MKR Shield onto Arduino 4000 and read car's OBD-II data so it could be displayed on an HDMI screen in graphical form. What could be simpler, it should only take 10 minutes to bolt together one of the many CAN-bus examples to a graphical HDMI driver. The FPGA section could be used to scroll the graphical section of the screen horizontally, at high speed, in the same manner as done on an oscilloscope. So the graphs of engine speed, mass air flow, throttle position etc would be displayed in real time. Additionally an accelerometer could be added.
First problem to solve was to regenerate the FPGA file as required by TEXT-DEMO, so it could be modified. I used Quartus-II v18.1 on a Windows 10 PC. It would build the output file but that file would not run for some weird reason. After plenty of mucking about, I installed v18.0, and that generated a functional file, so I could run the TEXT-DEMO and get an HDMI text display on my HDMI monitor. Giacko also did some tests and had no problems using v18.0 and v18.1, but the subtle difference was his O.S. was Linux. Incidentally, some of the Vidor 4000 instructions state that a patch is required for v18.0, and that is supplied as shell scripts what Windows does not seem to like at all, so I didn't add these patches. I did try to run an old 32-bit laptop with Lubuntu to get round this problem, but many tools just don't play 32-bit mode any more, so I gave up on Linux.
As an experiment, it seemed a fun idea to use the FPGA's soft SPI ports, but I couldn't get any data from the MISO pin. Besides, the 'VidorPeripheral' FPGA code is not the same as the TEXT-DEMO FPGA code so I would have probably had to cut and paste some Verilog over. But the SAMD21's SPI port fired up immediately and I could get data in and out of the MKR CAN Shield. I tried the VidorPeripheral UART code as an experiment and that did work.
The next problem was that TEXT-DEMO now refused to display anything when the CAN Shield was plugged in. That was because both the MCP2515 CAN interface and FPGA text interface use the same SPI port and also some control lines e.g. INT and FPGA_CS (chip select) on the same pin. Because the Shield is hard-wired I had to move the FPGA_CS signal from Pin 7, to Pin 6, and that was very easy to do: in the Pin Assignment editor, change SPI_CS's pin from F16 to G16. The SPI port can talk to multiple devices provided chip selects are separated. To make debug easier, I soldered a 28-pin IC socket onto a piece of strip board and soldered in some pins on useful tracks viz. 0V, MISO, MOSI, SCLK and Pin 3 (CAN_CS). The switch was from a previous project! An HDMI converter is plugged in.
Experimenting with Arduino MKR WiFi 1010 and CAN shield. by station240 :
The software (and firmware) for the MKR Wifi 1010 and MKR CAN shield needs a lot more polishing and testing.
Several times the process of programming the device resulted in it vanishing or malfunctioning as a USB device.
Thus requiring unplugging the USB cable and sometimes the CAN shield to get it into a state which it would boot enough to be reprogrammed correctly.
The CAN libraries come with pitiful examples, which aren't complete enough to use in practical projects where errors and the process of getting data in and out of packets matter.
PCB on the MKR CAN shield needs some minor revision.
The top writing to label the CAN/power connections on the PCB is too small, and partially covered by the terminal block.
On the board I have, its clearly an earlier version where the text is even less clear, and also contradicts if you compare top and bottom.
MKR WiFi 1010 - Enable BLE Support by jomoenginer :
I was lucky enough to get a MKR WiFi 1010 to add to my Robot ARM project I am modifying for the Arduino MKR Giveaway contest and the first thing I wanted to do was to get it connected to the local network. With the MKR1000 I have been using, I have used WiFi101 from the Arduino IDE for WiFi network examples. However, I found with the MKR WiFI 1010, the WiFi101 library is not valid and the WiFiNINA libraries should be used when using this device. In order to use the WiFiNINA libraries with the MKR WiFi 1010, the firmware on the board for the U-BLOX (ESP32) device has to be upgrade to a minimum of v1.2.0. The main issue I found was that the current downloadable version of the Arduino IDE from the Arduino site does not have the proper tools to perform the firmware update on the MKR WiFi 1010. After some further searching, I found this post on the Arduino MKRWIFI1010 forum site that describes how to perform the firmware update on this board.
Released on Arduino Day 2018, Arduino MKR Wifi 1010 board provides low-power energy consumption and simplifies prototyping of WiFi based IoT applications. It features a Microchip AT SAMD21, 48 Mhz 32 bit MO+ ARM Cortex low power processor. Its the same SAMD21 as the MKR 1000, MKR Zero, and Arduino/Genuino Zero boards. A unique feature of the SAMD21 chip is SERCOM, a set of six configurable serial interfaces. These can be turned into either a UART, I2C master, I2C slave, SPI master, and SPI slave. The MKR WiFi 1010 adds an ESP32 module by u-blox which is a notable improvement from the MKR1000 Wifi. The NINA-W102 Module provides low power 2.4 Ghz 802.11 b/g/n WiFi, dual-mode bluetooth v. 4.2, and RF communication through an internal PIFA antenna. The ESP32-W10 module has applications for automotive, smart cities, autonomous vehicles, medical technology, home and building automation. Another key feature of the MKR WiFi 1010 is that it has an integrated Cryptochip, Microchip ECC508, for secure communication using SHA 256 encryption. Finally, its Li-Po charging battery circuit allows it to run on battery power or an external 5V source. When plugged into an external source, the LiPo battery will charge, and then switch from one source to the other automatically.
Arduino MKR WiFi 1010 Pinout, SAMD21 Pin Mapping, Tech Specs, EAGLE Files, Github, Schematics, Reference Links, FAQ, and More!
The Arduino MKR CAN shield uses a Microchip MCP2515 Chip to connect to a CAN bus through its SPI interface. The chip is an industry standard, add this shield to any MKR board so that it can easily connect to a Controller Area Network (CAN). Most people associate CAN with automotive, but it has a number of industries including aerospace, factory automation, networking solution companies, medical technology, and building automation. These industries rely on it due to the fact that its a reliable and robust vehicle standard in automotive where safety and reliability is critical. It can also be used for drones, automomous cars, and smart vehicles. The MKR CAN shield simplifies the connection between your MKR board and any number of industrial grade sensors, motors, and displays. This challenge allows you to combine multiple ways of connecting devices using a variety of technologies. The first combination of boards and shields is the Arduino MKR Wifi Board and the Arduino MKR CAN Shield.
Auto Hacks and Beyond with the MKR WiFi 1010 Board and CAN Shield
Arduino MKR WiFi 1010 Board
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The MKR WIFI 1010 is equipped with an ESP32 module from U-BLOX. It speeds up and simplifies prototyping of WiFi based IoT It aims to speed up and simplify the prototyping of WiFi based IoT applications using the ESP32 module and low power consumption. The board is composed of three main blocks:
SAMD21 Cortex-M0+ 32bit Low Power ARM MCU;
U-BLOX NINA-W10 Series Low Power 2.4GHz IEEE® 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi
ECC508 Crypto Authentication
The MKR WIFI 1010 includes 32-bit computational power, a rich set of I/O interfaces, and low power Wi-Fi with a Cryptochip for secure communication using SHA-256 encryption.
The Arduino Software (IDE) simplifies code development and programming. Ideal for IoT battery-powered projects in a compact form.
Its USB port can be used to supply power (5V) to the board. It has a Li-Po charging circuit that allows the Arduino MKR WIFI 1010 to run on battery power or an external 5 volt source, charging the Li-Po battery while running on external power. Switching from one source to the other is done automatically.
With this shield you can easily connect to a CAN (Controller Area Network) Bus. Discover new possibilities of interaction between your Arduino MKR Board and the CAN ecosystem.
The MKR CAN shield can simplify the connection of the MKR boards with industrial systems and especially with automotive applications.
This shield opens a new set of possible applications like smart vehicles, autonomous cars and drones. A CAN connection also provides the possibility to connect a MKR board directly with several types of industrial grade sensors, motors and displays.
The MKR CAN shield allows a MKR board to connect to the CAN bus using the MCP2515 SPI to CAN chip.
The Arduino MKR CAN Shield uses the MCP2515 chip by Microchip. This chip is an industry standard.
The switch close to the CAN bus connector allows to enable or disable the termination resistor.
Arduino Library for Sending or Receiving data using CAN bus: https://github.com/sandeepmistry/arduino-CAN
MCP2525 Library on Github: https://github.com/coryjfowler/MCP_CAN_lib
Compatible with any shield or CAN interface that uses a MCP2525 protocol.
The Americas lead the world in connected car IoT projects with 54% of them worldwide.
The Grand Prize
After all the the MKR boards and shields have been sent out we'll be awarding an Arduino Engineering Kit to the best project that shows how an engineer would use the MKR line to repurpose an existing project or a new project.
Arduino Engineering Kit - MATLAB/SIMULINK
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Each Arduino Engineering Kit includes:
1 Arduino MKR1000 Board
1 Arduino MKR Motor Shield
1 Arduino MKR IMU Shield
1 DC Motor
2 Geared DC Motors with Encoder
1 Standard Micro Servo (180 degrees)
1 Hall Sensor Module
1 Ultrasonic Sensor Module
1 Webcam
1 LiPo Battery
1 LiPo Battery Charger
1 Micro USB Cable
1 3-pin to 4-pin Tinkerkit Module Cable
1 3-pin Tinkerkit Module Cable MECHANICAL
3 Sets of Assembly Pieces
1 Caster Wheel
1 Timing Belt
2 Timing Pulley
2 DC Motor Mounting Brackets
1 Metal Shaft (90mm)
2 Metal D Shafts (50mm)
2 Sets of Distance Spacers (6mm, 17mm)
2 Sets of M2 Bolts (10mm, 25mm)
3 Sets of M3 Bolts (10mm, 15mm, 25mm)
1 Set of M2 Nuts
1 Set of M3 Lock Nuts with Nylon Insert
3 Shaft Collars
1 Propeller Adapter Screw
2 Magnets Ø8 mm
1 Thread 5m
2 Whiteboard Pens
1 Sticker for Vision Recognition
The Arduino Engineering Kit is the ideal solution for university students, providing a state-of-the-art, hands-on incorporation of Arduino technology in an educational setting.
The kit is primarily for three types of users:
Students learning about engineering at a university or at a vocational school (e.g., Introductory Engineering, Controls, Mechatronics courses);
Professors teaching engineering who also want practical resources to demonstrate engineering concepts;
Makers with an interest or background in engineering, either professionally or as a hobby.
The Arduino Engineering Kit covers fundamental engineering concepts, key aspects of mechatronics, and MATLAB and Simulink programming.Included projects challenges students intellectually and helps develop physical engineering skills — and they're just fun to do.
Self-Balancing Motorcycle This motorcycle will maneuver on its own on various terrains and remain upright using a flywheel for balance. It's very exciting to build and to see in action.
Mobile Rover This vehicle can navigate between given reference points, move objects with a forklift and much more. It's very fun to make and use.
Whiteboard Drawing Robot This amazing robot can take a drawing it's given and duplicate it on a whiteboard. It's most impressive.
The kit is sold in a hard plastic, stackable tool box for storage and years of reuse. Inside the box is an easy-to-use Arduino MKR1000 board, several customized parts, and a complete set of electrical and mechanical components needed to assemble all three projects
Ask Questions to Arduino, during a Series of Livestreams on the Commercial uses of Arduino:
Massimo Banzi, co-founder of Arduino, and Dominic Pajak, a project person and retro computing geek from Arduino, will be giving a 5 part series of livestreams on the commercial uses of Arduino. The next livestreams will be on October 26th and will cover Arduino MKR Vidor 4000 – Democratizing FPGA . Be sure to tune in to ask Massimo any questions you have about commercial uses of Arduino!
Click on the "Enroll Now" buttons below to ask your questions and learn more:
Livestream Discussion
Commercial IoT Applications with Arduino MKR 14th November 2018
13:00 (CDT)/19:00 (GMT) Enroll Now
Industrial IoT Applications with Arduino MKR 28th November 2018
Previous Livestreams:
Recorded Live Stream: Massimo Banzi and Dominic Pajak: Arduino MKR: IoT Prototype to Production!
Recorded Live Stream: Massimo Banzi and Dominic Pajak: Arduino MKR and Wireless IoT Connectivity!
Recorded Live Stream: Arduino MKR VIDOR 4000 - Democratizing FPGA!
You're all familiar with WiFi and what it does. Its omnipresent in our modern lives and used to stream data such as videos and music, interact with others anywhere in the world, instantly consume news and information with connect smart devices such as laptops, smart phones that we carry in our pockets, tablets, televisions, and game consoles. It's a technology that allows you to connect to the Internet. But what exactly is it? It's a protocol for transmitting data to a network.
While WiFi makes many of our devices "smarter", the Controller Area Network (CAN) in your car allows the all the electronic modules to listen for and send signals to one another in real time without a host controller. These electronics modules are known as electronic control units (ECU) and they are used for electronic control unit, transmission, airbags, power steering, power windows, cruise controls, and more. There are as many as 70-80 electronic control units (ECU) in a modern vehicle and they can talk or listen to each other at anytime thanks to the Controller Area Network. Using this shield you can connect your MKR WiFi board to a number of sensors, It's applications however extend far beyond automotive. It is used in building automation, medical technology, aerospace, factory automation, and more. It can also be used for drones, automomous cars, and smart vehicles. The MKR CAN shield simplifies the connection between your MKR board and any number of industrial grade sensors, motors, and displays. This makes CAN ideal for more than just auto hacks.
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What is CAN?
What is CAN (Control Area Network)?
CAN (Control Area Network), also referred to as CAN bus, is a communication protocol initially developed as a vehicle bus standard to allow MCUs to communicate with each other without the need for a host.
Although originally intended for automotive, CAN bus is used in a diverse number of industries due to its extreme reliability and robustness:
Aerospace (satellites)
Railways (trams, undergrounds, light railways, and long distance trains)
Medical (lights, tables, cameras, x-ray machines)
Lifts and escalators
Gambling Machines
CAN is a message-based protocol that defines how data is transferred from one device to another in a network. It was designed specifically for the automotive industry, where an increasing number of electronic devices used communication signals with more complex interrelations between them, making life difficult for the automobile engineers tasked with designing systems using point to point wiring.
Some of the benefits of CAN include:
Extreme Reliability and Robustness
No Message Collision
Very Low Resource Requirements
Low-Cost Implementation
Designed for Real-Time Applications
Short Error Recovery Time
CAN facilitates multi-domain communication. A domain is a set of technologies that have similar requirements. Climate control, wipers, etc would form one domain while stereo, GPS, display, etc. would form another domain. Every node, or electronic device, which needs to communicate through CAN protocol connects with one another through a common serial bus in order to transmit and receive messages.
For the data exchange to occur, each node must have the necessary hardware and software embedded in them. In automobiles, these embedded systems are known as electronic control units (ECU).
Where Did CAN Come From?
When most people think of Controller Area Network (CAN), they think of what it was originally designed for, allowing embedded systems, located throughout an automobile, to communicate over a network and work together for specific applications such as controlling emissions or deploying airbags. An embedded system is a programmed controlling and operating system designed for one or a few specific functions. The system is embedded as part of a complete device including hardware and mechanical parts and they are used to control one or more electrical systems or subsystems within a vehicle. Examples of ECUs include the Engine Control Module (ECM), Powertrain Control Module (PCM), Transmission Control Module (TCM), Anti-Lock Braking Systems (ABS), Central Control Module (CCM), Central Timing Module (CTM), General Electronic Module (GEM), Body Control Module (BCM), Suspension Control Module (SCM), Speed Control Unit (SCU), and Electric Power Steering Control Unit (PSCU).
Before ECUs began appearing in automobiles in the 1970s, every component from the engine to the windows, steering, brakes, was a mechanical component, working on the principles of mechanics. Mechanical systems have their inherent limitations and limited accuracy, not only causing undetected failures, but posing life threats to the consumer.
In 1968, Volkswagen became the first to use an embedded system in an automobile when it used an electronic fuel injection (EFI) system that was manufactured by Bosch. ECUs have become standard in most vehicles since the late 70s due to increasingly stringent emission standards. Before that time, it was possible to build your engine without microprocessors. With the enactment of increasingly stricter emissions laws, sophisticated control schemes were needed to regulate the air/fuel mixture so that the catalytic converter could remove a lot of the pollution from the exhaust. Because controlling the engine is the most processor-intensive job on your car, and the engine control module (ECM) will be the most powerful computer on most cars. ECM uses a closed-loop control, a control scheme that monitors outputs of a system to control the inputs to a system, managing the emissions and fuel economy of the engine (as well as a host of other parameters). Gathering data from dozens of different sensors, the ECM knows everything from the coolant temperature to the amount of oxygen in the exhaust. With this data, it performs millions of calculations per second, performing complex calculations to find the best spark timing and determine how long to keep the fuel injector open. It does all of this to ensure the lowest emissions and best mileage.
Electronic control units (ECU) typically get their input from sensors (for speed, temperature, pressure, etc) which it then uses for computation. Various actuators are used to enforce applications determined by the ECU such as turning the cooling fan on or changing the gear. In order to perform these applications, ECU must exchange information amongst themselves during the normal operation of the vehicle. For example, the engine needs to tell the transmission what the engine speed is, and the transmission needs to tell other modules when a gear shift occurs. The development of the vehicle network arose from the need to exchange data between ECUs quickly and reliably. Point-to-point wiring was the only way to connect ECU to one another. It had not only became increasingly complex, it required alterations depending on which modules were included with a vehicle. A car without Anti-Lock Braking Systems (ABS) would require different wiring then a car that included this module.
The need for a vehicular central network for automobiles became increasingly transparent due to the complex wiring of ECU, which would require alteration depending on what ECU were added or removed. A central network would allow you to simply plug an ECU into central network and any ECU that is added could talk to any other ECU that is part of the network. Such a design would be easily manufacturable, easier to maintain, and would not require altering the vehicle's entire wiring architecture every time an ECU was added or removed. Each ECU would be a node on the vehicle's network, controlling specific components related to its functions and communicating with other ECUs for shared applications, through a standard protocol over the vehicular network.
A central vehicular network required the following needs:
Immunity from external noise
Ability to operate in harsh environments
Overall robustness and reliability
Before CAN bus, wire-to-wire harnessing could contain miles of harnessing, with bundles of 8 or more wires to carry various signals to interconnected systems.
In the early 80s, engineers at the Robert Bosch Gmbh, were evaluating using existing serial bus systems in vehicles. Because none of the available network protocols met the needs of a vehicular network, Uwe Kiencke started development of a new serial bus system in 1983. The new bus protocol was intended to add new functionalities, reduction of wiring harnesses was a byproduct of the development of CAN. Engineers from Mercedes-Benz were involved during the early specification phase of the new serial bus system, so too was Intel, as a potential main semiconductor vendor. A consultant, Professor Dr. Wolfhard Lawrenz from the University of Applied Science in Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, Germany, gave the network the name 'Controlled Area Network' In 1986, the protocol was officially released at the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) conference in Detroit, Michigan.
The multi-master network was introduced by Uwe Kiencke, Siegfried Dais, and Martin Litschel. With no central bus master, it is based on a non-destructive arbitration mechanism, granting bus access to the message with highest priority without any delays. It implemented several error detection mechanisms such as automatic disconnection of faulty bus nodes in order to keep up communication between remaining nodes. Transmitted messages were not identified by the node address of the transmitter or the receiver of the message, unlike almost any other bus system, but rather their content. The identifier used to represent the content of the message specified the priority of the message within the system. In mid 1987, the first implementation of the CAN protocol in hardware was delivered by Intel, the 82526 CAN Controller chip. Philips Semiconductors introduced the 82C200 shortly after. Both CAN controllers had different methods of acceptance filtering and message handling. The FullCAN method used by Intel required less CPU load from connected microcontrollers but was limited regarding the number of messages that could be received. Today's CAN controllers use a mixture of both concepts of acceptance filtering and message handling.
In 1991, the Mercedes-Benz W140 became the first production vehicle to feature a CAN-based multiplex wiring system. Also in 1991, Bosch published the latest CAN specification, CAN 2.0. It consisted of two parts; part A is for the standard format with an 11-bit identifier, and part B is for the extended format with a 29-bit identifier. A CAN device that uses 11-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0A and a CAN device that uses 29-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0B. These standards are freely available from Bosch along with other specifications and white papers.
In 1993, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) released the CAN standard ISO 11898 which was later restructured into two parts; ISO 11898-1 which covers the data link layer, and ISO 11898-2 which covers the CAN physical layer for high-speed CAN. ISO 11898-3 was released later and covers the CAN physical layer for low-speed, fault-tolerant CAN. The physical layer standards ISO 11898-2 and ISO 11898-3 are not part of the Bosch CAN 2.0 specification. These standards may be purchased from the ISO. Bosch is still active in extending the CAN standards. In 2012, Bosch released CAN FD 1.0 or CAN with Flexible Data-Rate. This specification uses a different frame format that allows a different data length as well as optionally switching to a faster bit rate after the arbitration is decided. CAN FD is compatible with existing CAN 2.0 networks so new CAN FD devices can coexist on the same network with existing CAN devices. CAN bus is one of five protocols used in the on-board diagnostics (OBD)-II vehicle diagnostics standard.
The OBD-II standard has been mandatory for all cars and light trucks sold in the United States since 1996. The EOBD standard has been mandatory for all petrol vehicles sold in the European Union since 2001 and all diesel vehicles since 2004.
Automotive Applications
A modern automobile has as many as 70-80 electronic control units (ECU) for various subsystems, with the engine control unit having the biggest processor. ECUs are used for transmission, airbags, antilock braking/ABS, cruise control, electric power steering, audio systems, power windows, doors, mirror adjustment, battery and recharging systems for hybrid/electric cars, etc. Some of these form independent subsystems, but communications among others are essential. The CAN standard allows these subsystems to control actuators or receive feedback from sensors. Examples include:
Auto/Start - Various sensor inputs from around the vehicle (speed sensors, steering angle, air conditioning on/off, engine temperature) are collated via the CAN bus to determine whether the engine can be shut down when stationary for improved fuel economy and emissions.
Electric park brakes: The "hill hold" functionality takes input from the vehicle's tilt sensor (also used by the burglar alarm) and the road speed sensors (also used by the ABS, engine control and traction control) via the CAN bus to determine if the vehicle is stopped on an incline. Similarly, inputs from seat belt sensors (part of the airbag controls) are fed from the CAN bus to determine if the seat belts are fastened, so that the parking brake will automatically release upon moving off.
Parking assist systems: when the driver engages reverse gear, the transmission control unit can send a signal via the CAN bus to activate both the parking sensor system and the door control module for the passenger side door mirror to tilt downward to show the position of the curb. The CAN bus also takes inputs from the rain sensor to trigger the rear windscreen wiper when reversing.
Auto lane assist/collision avoidance systems: The inputs from the parking sensors are also used by the CAN bus to feed outside proximity data to driver assist systems such as Lane Departure warning, and more recently, these signals travel through the CAN bus to actuate brake by wire in active collision avoidance systems.
Auto brake wiping: Input is taken from the rain sensor (used primarily for the automatic windscreen wipers) via the CAN bus to the ABS module to initiate an imperceptible application of the brakes whilst driving to clear moisture from the brake rotors. Some high performance Audi and BMW models incorporate this feature. Sensors can be placed at the most suitable place, and its data used by several ECU. For example outdoor temperature sensors (traditionally placed in the front) can be placed in the outside mirrors, avoiding heating by the engine, and data used by both the engine, the climate control and the driver display.
When an ECU in a car needs a signal, that is where the CAN comes in. The CAN bus network allows data from sensors and embedded systems to circulate around a car at all times. Each embedded system transmits all its system and programming information constantly, as many as 2000 signals are floating around the network at any time, whether they are being requested or not. With no central hub or routing system, every ECU in the network listens and plucks out what it needs to carry out its work, from a continuous flow of information.
CAN does not follow the master-slave architecture which means every nodes has the access to read and write data on the CAN bus. When the node is ready to send data, it checks availability of the bus and writes a CAN frame onto the network. A frame is defined structure, carrying meaningful sequence of bit or bytes of data within the network. CAN transmitted frame does have address neither of transmitting node or the receiving node. CAN does not follow the master-slave architecture which means every nodes has the access to read and write data on the CAN bus. When the node is ready to send data, it checks availability of the bus and writes a CAN frame onto the network. A frame is defined structure, carrying meaningful sequence of bit or bytes of data within the network. CAN transmitted frame does have address neither of transmitting node or the receiving node.
In recent years, the LIN bus standard has been introduced to complement CAN for non-critical subsystems such as air-conditioning and infotainment, where data transmission speed and reliability are less critical.
Industrial Applications and Beyond
While effective for small, embedded applications and automotive, using CAN in many other applications such as industrial or medical technology requires a higher layer. Higher-layer protocols exist that to software on top of the CAN physical layer. Notably, CANopen for industrial automation and SAE J1938 for off-road vehicle.
ideal for embedded, industrial applications
designed for motion control
developed and maintained by the CAN-in-Automation (CiA) User Group
defines communication networks for trucks, buses, agricultural equipment, eic.
CAN of choice for machines in construction, material handling, forestry applications
Derivatives of SAE J138
NMEA 2000 for marine applications
ISOBUS (ISO 11783) for agricultural applications
MilCAN for military applications
Manufacturing Automation
Can Bus in Manufacturing
CAN is one of the most reliable methods for transmitting real-time data. This is attractive in manufacturing where unreliable data communication can have a direct impact on production. Any breakdown in error communication can also mean errors go undetected. A minor maintenance issue such as a loose arm could turn into a much larger issue down the line such as damage to product or machinery. The reliability of CAN is further bolstered by the impossibility of message collision and short error recovery time which help mitigate the likelihood of large delays or damage to equipment.
However, a major drawback to using CAN for industrial use is the protocol's limited bit rate in relation to the network. CAN communication can reach up to 1 megabit per second at a cable length of 40 meters.
Some of the disadvantages include
Limited network length
Limited baud rate of 1 MBit/sec
Limited Bandwidth
By comparison, industrial ethernet offers speeds of up to 100 megabits per second at higher network lengths. However, Ethernet is far less reliable. CAN already has extensive use in legacy industrial automation, so it can also be very costly to retrofit existing systems with Ethernet.
Can Bus in Elevators
The low-cost and reliability of Can Bus is used in elevator technology, where safety is critical and cost-containment is an on-going concern. Can Bus, due to its serial technology, allows you to significantly reduce the wire count in the traveling cable, machine room, and throughout the building. Less wiring and fewer terminations ease fire loading and troubleshooting. Elevators that are used in commercial or multi-family occupancies must contend with large groups of people interacting with powerful machinery to lift them off the ground. Also, usage is spread around all times of the day, year round.
A case in point is elevator technology, which continues each decade to write the book on reliability and safety all the while with a view on initial and on-going cost containment. CAN Bus, because of its serial technology, makes possible significantly reduced wire count in the traveling cable, machine room and throughout the building. Fire loading and troubleshooting difficulties are eased with less wiring and fewer terminations. Phone-style connectors allow easy field expansion.
An essential element in elevators as used in commercial and multifamily occupancies is that humans in large numbers and often including children and disabled or infirm individuals are interacting with powerful machinery that lifts them off the ground. This happens day and night, year round, and in the fullness of time there is the potential for equipment failure and injury to the interacting individuals. This hazard is greatly mitigated by means of the reliability that is built into CAN Bus technology.
Think of all the things that could go wrong in elevators used in large high-rise buildings! You could have many elevator cabs going in motion at the same time, traveling in opposite directions, either reducing speed as they prepare to stop at a floor or accelerating after making a complete stop, all the while doors are opening and closing as needed.
The elevator cab responds in a pre-programmed, prioritized manner to call buttons that are pressed on many different floors, as well as, buttons pressed inside the cab. The simple, yet highly effective system of message management within the Can Bus is what makes this all possible. Every node is connected to one another through a two-wire bus. Each node requires a (local) central processing unit to determine which messages get transmitted. These messages are received by sensors, actuators, and control devices that are connected to the CAN bus. The CAN controller stores the received bits that are sent from the bus until the message is complete and it is made available to the host processor.
Using CAN, all nodes are available to receive messages but this can not happen simultaneously. Data transmission for Can bus attains content resolution through means of arbitration. Binary bits values are termed dominant and recessive bits with "0" being dominant and "1" being recessive. The dominant bit always overwrites the recessive bit. Each message, packet of data that is exchanged between the nodes, has a unique identification number. Because the identification number is unique to all nodes within the network, when a transmitting node places data on the network, it checks the unique id to pass the message through the filter and the rest are ignored. Messages in CAN are sent in a format called frames, a defined structure that carries a meaningful sequence of bits or bytes of data within a network. A Standard CAN frame is 11 bit identifier field while an extended CAN frame has a 29 bit identifier field.
Arbitration is the means by which conflict is resolved when two or more nodes receive a message at the same time. Whenever a bus is free, any unit can transmit a message. .During arbitration every transmitter compares the value of transmitted bit with the bit value on the bus. If the bit value is same, the node continues to send the bits. But at any time, if the transmitted bit value is different from bus value, the dominant bit overwrites the recessive bits. The arbitration field of the CAN message consists of an 11- or 29-bit identifier and a remote transmission (RTR) bit. The identifier having lowest numerical value has the highest priority. CAN bus therefore realizes real-time prioritization using a system of dominant (logic level 0) and recessive (logic level 1) messaging. Neither information nor time is lost using the process of arbitration.
When arbitration takes place, the lower priority message is not obliterated, as is the case in some other types of serial transmissions. The message survives and is retransmitted after an appropriate time interval. This is why CAN bus succeeds in real time prioritization for complex automotive, elevator and particle collider applications, and more.
Elevators and Lifts
Can Bus in Medical Technology
Because medical devices have become more sophisticated, manufacturers are sourcing parts from third parties in order to reduce development costs and meet their time-to-market requirements. Third parties use open standards to simplify third party integration and to substitute products with alternatives from another manufacturer. One such technology that has been used by several manufacturers is the use of the serial Controller Area Network (CAN) bus system as an embedded network for real-time control. For most medical devices, the CANopen device profiles define a device finite state automaton (FSA). An FSA specifies device states, corresponding internal and external device behaviour and the events that cause a certain state transition.
So far, a device profile for X-ray collimators (CiA 412-2) has been developed jointly by GE Healthcare, Philips Medical Systems and Siemens Medical Solutions, under the CiA umbrella. The main task of an X-ray collimator is to limit the X-ray beam to a defined format. The device profile supports several functions for focusing the X-ray beam, such as rectangular or circular collimation. Furthermore, the specification makes it possible to support the use of filters for influencing the spectral characteristics of the X-ray beam. The visual simulation of the X-ray beam is functionally incorporated into this device profile too.
Philips Medical Systems has used CAN and CANopen as the command data communication technology in user interfaces, image detection, X-ray generation, X-ray collimation and the control of the mechanical moving parts of the X-ray system. Dose measurement systems are another CANopen device profile. The dose measurement system is used to measure the X-ray dose, the dose area product, the entrance / skin dose and the corresponding dose rates in an X-ray machine. It also measures the irradiation time and factors that influence dose measurement, such as chamber temperature and air pressure. The CANopen device profile defines how the field values (actual measured values) are converted to the desired process values (desired measured value). Standards for a new class of device profiles for medical diagnostic add-on modules, such as contrast media injectors and Electro-Cardiograms (ECG), are being developed. The application profile for contrast media injectors covers devices used in angiography and those used with CT scanners. The profile also supports multi-piston injectors. The scanner or image-processing device always provides CANopen Manager functionality. The injector device functions as CANopen NMT slave device.
CANopen networks are now used in many medical and healthcare fields: in laboratory analysis equipment, for example. CANopen is also used in several automated Operating Rooms (OR) for endoscope surgery. Besides OR lighting, light projectors, cameras, insufflators (CO2) and HF scalpels have been equipped with CANopen interfaces. Device profiles for these have not yet been standardised, but CiA will do this when the market asks it to. Several manufacturers of patient beds for intensive care and OR tables are using CANopen as an embedded network to control various drives and human-machine interfaces. A standardized CANopen interface for beds that will facilitate communication with other intensive care devices as well as OR devices is under discussion.
Aerospace and UAS
Can Bus in Aerospace and Unmanned Air Systems (UAS)
Until recently, CAN was primarily implemented with proprietary protocols in the aerospace field. The acceptance of CAN technology by Airbus, an international pioneer in the aerospace industry, and Boeing has led to ARINC 825, a standard for Control Area Network bus protocol for airborne use to take off. ARINC 825, a higher-level protocol for addressing provides addressing mechanisms, communication mechanisms, profile descriptions, service structure, and more. It is also the basis o fa number of application specific protocols such as ARINC 810 and 812 which specify communication between modules in the galley with a focus on power management. ARINC 826, a protocol for avionic data loading over a Controller Area Network bus, specifies Software Data Loading over CAN.
Controllers that are connected to the CAN bus transmit data to the bus and receive data from the bus. Data collisions on the bus are avoided by using the CSMA/AMP (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Arbitration on Message Priority) technique. This is a means of prioritizing messages whereby a transmitter broadcasts a message to all CAN nodes whereupon a each node decides, based on the identifier received, whether to process the message or not. The identifier is also used to determine the priority the message is given to access the bus. While there is no theoretical limit to the number of terminals that can be connected to the bus, it is normally limited to 32 to avoid data delay.
CAN bus in order to reduce the number of interconnecting wires from the control panel in the flight deck to system computers in the avionics compartment. The typical overhead panel may have 14 to 15 switches and indicators, with each switch having six wires, for a total of at least 90 wires running from the flight deck to the avionics compartment just for one control panel. By connecting all switches and indicators on a panel to a CAN bus controller, data is only transmitted with two wires. Integrated Control Panels (ICP) connect to I/O modules using CAN data buses. I/O modules transmit data to the Avionics Data Communication Netowrk using the highly reliable Avionics Full Duplex Ethernet Bus (AFDX) and it goes to computer LRUs to perform the intended action. This approach reduces wiring, improves maintenance, and reduces unnecessary aircraft weight.
Implications for UAS
Thanks to the adoption of CAN by the aerospace industry for many years, the technology is finding its way into the UAS industry. You can now transfer information from the flight controller to the ESC (Electronic Speed Controller) and back from the the ESC to the flight contorller via a serial bus. The flight controller can not only manage the throttle of the ESC, the ESC can report back to the flight controller (reporting the temperature, voltage, amperage, warning signals, etc. via live telemetry. This provides safe monitoring of all proulsion equipment, allowing the pilot to monitor the full system for safe operation and can be customized through live-programming.
CAN significantly increases the reliability and information sent to the ground. Because the CAN bus protocol is PWM, its more immune to noise than the current method of throttle control used for the industry. The digital CAN multiplex serial-bus control is currently being implemented in upcoming UAS to allow for direct motor control and live-telemetry feedback to the flight controller.
Canbus in Building Automation
Building automation involves using a control system to monitor and command the mechanical, lighting, security control, and fire alarm systems of a commercial building. This smart network allows you to keep the building temperature within a specific range, control lighting, monitor system performance, and send out alarm signals to maintenance engineers and administrators should failure occur. Building automation systems include HVAC, lighting, electricity, hot water, fire, access, security/surveillance, vehicle parking , plumbing, lifts, and elevator.
Using CAN for lower layer networks has advantages over RS485 in the field of automation due to its multimaster architecture. Compared to common bus networks such as Ethernet or networks based on network passing, CAN provides real-time features and ease of implementation at a lower cost.
Here is how implementation of a CAN node connected to Ethernet might look like in successful building automation:
Motion/Occupancy Sensor - it easily identifies whether a particular room is occupied so that ambiance can be improved.
Timer controlling ambiance - After getting output from the sensor a timer is started, the ambiance of the room is improved, and a timer tracks how much time elapses until the ambiance should change
Fire prevention - this functionality is implemented by setting the fire alarms to go off as soon as there is fire detected using a heat sensor.
Security - Video and audio monitoring system are used because an operator is not available. A user can be notified through a system to the system or mobile, pager etc. Security cameras can also be used.
Smoke detection - a smoke alarm when smoke is detected. The valves (plates) are turned off to stop air entering in case of smoke alarm and exhaust is started.
Temperature control and Air conditioning - a temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature at any point in time and turn ventilation on and off, as well as, air conditioning system.
Do you have an idea for a project that uses the Arduino MKR Board and MKR Arduino CAN Shield?
You're Free to Repurpose an Existing Project or Propose something new! We'll send out a board and shield for the best ideas so you can get started on your project!
The goal of this giveaway is to demonstrate the commercial uses of Arduino.
Step 1: Log in or register on element14, it's easy and free.
Step 2: Post in the comments section: Show Arduino How You would use the Arduino MKR Line.
Videos, pictures and text are all welcomed forms of submission.
Step 3: Post Your Project: After you receive your board and shield you'll have a month to post your project anywhere on the community using the MKR_giveaway_projects tag or post it in Arduino Projects !
You have until October 18th, 11:59AM (noon) CDT to enter.
AutoHacksBeyond_TermsandConditions.pdf 229.3 KB
Categories: Tags: none (add) wifi, gps, displays, robotics, afdx, bosch, pwm, canopen, arduino_projects, bcm, ecu, abs, ccm, automobiles, pcm, canbus, drones, mcp2515, uas, home automation, motion sensor, controller area network, building automation, occupancy sensor, can fd, fsa, pulse width modulation, past_contest, arduino mkr 1010, arduino can shield, electronic control unit, emu, auto hacks, multi-domain communication, arduino_mkr_giveaway, avionics full duplex ethernet bus, integrated control panels, pulse width, unmanned air systems, timer controller ambiance, multi-master system, cc508 crypto authentication, cia, control industrial automation, samd21 cortex-m0+ 32bit low power arm mcu, cyptoauthentication, iso 11898-2, flexible-data rate, finite state automaton, industrial grade sensors, control devices, powertrain control module, transmission control module, tcm, body control module, suspension control module, scm, anti-lock breaking system, central control module, message based protocol, mkr_auto_hacks
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22 Sep 2020 22 Sep 2020 nasarawaeye
Let Oshiomhole Be
BY VICTORIA N. IKEANO
Ever since the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) announced results of the much awaited Edo State governorship election, former chairman of APC and also immediate past governor of the State, Comrade Adams Aliu Oshomhole has been the butt of mockery and ridicule, ranging from the hilarious to the wicked. Social media, where anything goes, has gone gaga over it, being in forefront of spreading such filth. And it is not farfetched to guess that in coming days we may read many a speculative, pepper-soup, beer parlour reports in the new media, headlined, 'Sacked, defeated, Osho's beautiful wife, Lara deserts him leaving him powerless, homeless, penniless' with thousands if not millions of their kindred readers thumbing it up in the comments section. We live in a world of distorted value systems where nothing seems to prick our conscience any longer, not least eternal values of true love and purity. Anybody who has ever experienced emotional distress or anguish of soul cannot but feel sorry for him. I can imagine his distress given that he stacked literally all that he had into that election. You could say that he should take it like a man that he is; easier said than done. Emotional distress unlike physical pain is indescribable more or less, as it strikes at the core of the human being, the soul. We should not make it harder for him with our ludicrous taunting and recriminations on him. Let us allow him to grieve in quietude, for he is already so to speak, bruised and bloodied, suffering two huge 'misfortunes' or better said, disappointments in quick secession.
To be candid many are surprised at the margin of defeat, 307,000 votes for the winning candidate as against 223,000 for the loser. What is more, Oshiomhole's camp won only two local governments. This is shocking to many, how much more the erstwhile 'godfather' of Edo politics, former national chairman of his party? I expected a tighter result after all the hype. Oshiomhole could lament that Edo state has fallen into the hands of the conservatives, PDP after his bitter struggles to bring it into and keep it in the progressive fold. First he fought a long drawn battle in the law courts to retrieve his mandate from the PDP that had governed the state since return to civil rule in 1999; then he survived a second term scare to be reelected and then battled again to install his successor with whom he later fell out and against whom he battled yet again for his preferred candidate, Osagie Ize-Iyamu. Comrade Oshiomhole has fought many a battle from his years as a trade union leader. But against this latest battle he met a brick wall and the results surprised not a few people. Can we say that he is now battle weary?
Will Governor Godwin Obaseki come back to APC, the party on which he was originally elected before he decamped to the PDP, just weeks to the polls? I doubt if the powerful PDP governors who helped him coast to victory on Sunday will allow him do so. The South-south governors will now be elated that they have the entire region, the oil rich Niger delta, firmly under their wraps. Surely the PDP will not want to let go of this unique position anytime soon, not when permutations and calculations for 2023 are underway. Alas, the progressives (APC) have lost yet another foothold in the important Niger-delta zone.
Now that the elections are over all should sheath their swords and let bygones be bygones. Governor Obaseki should be magnanimous in victory and do away with the shenanigans and bitter rivalry that characterized the campaigns. He should forgive all misdeeds whether knowingly or unknowingly against him, for, to err is human. Now is the time for him to step up and provide responsible, exemplary leadership by preaching unity, spreading the doctrine of love and peaceful co-existence among all Edo people/citizens. He should accord Oshiomhole all due respects in private and public, without let or hindrance as an older person, a former governor, a statesman of Edo state, a fellow traveler on earth, a fellow creature of the Almighty all of whom he created equal. He should endeavour to dispense of vanity and conceit within him. I give kudos to Ize-Iyamu for congratulating his opponent on his victory and accepting his loss with philosophical equanimity. As for Oshiomhole himself, he should use this time to engage in self-communion, to reflect on life itself. He should reflect that he himself had in years past used his tongue in ways that are unedifying. My wish and prayer for him is that he comes out of the quiet reflection a better human being inwardly. In the meantime we should all let Adams Oshiomhole be please.
Still on fake businesses
I received this over the weekend in my inbox.
"My husband was a prominent sociologist and successful businessman. We have lived in Cambodia, a Southeast Asian nation for 18 years. On the 18th December 2019, my husband traveled to America to visit his business associate and he was infected with Covid-19 and died in the hospital. Since then, everything changed and life hasn't been the same because my husband was my back BORN, so I cannot continue the business without him because of my health challenges. I was diagnosed with kidney failure and I relocated back to America for medical care.
"We owned an oil mill factory and Estate in Cambodia before the death of my husband. My sickness became worse and I sold the company and the estate at the cost of ($3,500,000). I tried to deposit the money in a bank then but because of the pandemic all the banks were closed, I could not put the money in the bank. Our family lawyer advised me not to keep such an amount of money in the house for security reasons and he introduced a security company to me. I was able to package the money in a box and register it with the security company for safety purposes.
"I have a son who is 12years old now and having known my health condition and my doctor said I have a few months to DIE unless I transplant my kidney which is not even a guarantee. I don't want to die without handing over my little son to a trusted person who can help me train him up in a God fearing way. I want you to stand as my son's GUIDANCE to receive the box and invest the money in your country in profitable business and when my son grows, you can establish a business for him.
"You can search my husband's name (Dr. William Helmreich) from Google.
"YOURS Sister in the Lord,
"Mrs. William Helmreich.
Google search by me: William Helmreich was a professor of sociology at the City College of New York. He was also a published author. Born 1945 and died 28 March 2020.
Google search by me on Helmreich's wife: In addition to his son Jeffrey an assistant professor of philosophy and law at the University of California at Irvine, Helmreich is survived by his wife, Helaine Helmreich a speech therapist who wrote a well-received novel, 'The Chimney Tree", another son Joseph, a writer, a daughter Deborah Halpern, a speech……
The capital letters are mine to underline the grammatical errors in this letter.
I need not waste valuable space to show that this is a fake business proposal. Suffice it to say that a google search showed that she is not the wife of Helmreich as she claims. More importantly, how can someone want to entrust the guardian of her child and such humongous amount to a stranger like me whom she had never met. Her claims are bogus. Rubbish.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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by Sarah Dunant
Alessandra is not quite fifteen when her prosperous merchant father brings a young painter back with him from Holland to adorn the walls of the new family chapel. She is fascinated by his talents and envious of his abilities and opportunities to paint to the glory of God. Soon her love of art and her lively independence are luring her into closer involvement with all sorts of taboo areas of life. On excursions into the streets of night-time Florence she observes a terrible evil stalking the city and witnesses the rise of the fiery young priest, Savanarola, who has set out to rid the city of vice, richness, even art itself.
Alessandra must make crucial decisions about the shape of her adult life, as Florence itself must choose between the old ways of the luxury-loving Medicis and the asceticism of Savanorola. And through it all, there is the painter, whose love will change everything.
Genre: Fiction & Related Items / Modern & Contemporary Fiction (post C 1945)
On Sale: 2nd July 2009


Attractive public spaces provide room for optional and social activities. How is it possible to transform the vision of an attractive public realm into actual physical spaces? Analysis of existing well-functioning public spaces throughout the world shows that they share common characteristics. arki_lab has categorized and summarized these characteristics in the "25 criteria" in this page.
Public spaces must be inviting, attractive, and provide room for recreation, pleasure, exercise, play, etc. They must be able to attract a broad variety of people, so that children, teenagers, adults, the elderly, and people with special needs all feel welcome. If public spaces are attractive, one can, in good weather, expect both 'have to' and 'want to' activities to take place. Good public spaces reflect the majority, if not all, of the "25 quality criteria". As such, the list of criteria provides a good design checklist.


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Mark Ruffalo Suffers Two Times the Tragedy in HBO's I Know This Much Is True
A mini-series adaptation of the smash-hit Wally Lamb novel alternates between melodrama and true feeling.
If, during the current plague, you haven't had quite enough of medical horrors and the clenching feeling of being utterly stuck in place, you may want to seek out the new HBO mini-series I Know This Much Is True (May 10), based on the 1996 smash-hit, Oprah's Book Club novel by Wally Lamb. It ought to serve you the desired litany of tragedies and sorrows, a long ribbon of terrible things unspooled, with grim languor, by writer-director Derek Cianfrance. Though I found much of I Know This Much Is True to be a gloomy slog—turns out I was not one of the people looking for a story of illness and regret at this particular juncture—it does, in Cianfrance's careful hands, eventually arrive at a bleary poignancy.
I should probably disclose that, though it was a big thing for some kids in my high school back in the day, I have not read Lamb's 900-page book. The novel, and Lamb's other work, have had their legions of fans, but I wonder how many have stuck with their ardor for the 24 years it took for this adaptation to happen. It's tough to say what the expectations for this series are, at least in terms of its status as the latest premier-class HBO adaptation of a popular novel.
I'm sure some are curious to see what Lamb's work looks like on screen, but perhaps more will be intrigued by the presence of producer-star Mark Ruffalo—gone from bright Hulk green to a shaggy pallor to play twin brothers reeling in a spin cycle of tragedy. This project brings Ruffalo the closest he's been, of late, to the granular, wistful realism of his breakout role in 2000's You Can Count On Me, another weary but far more affecting sibling drama from Kenneth Lonergan. It's nice seeing Ruffalo back in this small-town, regular-guy vein, and he tucks into his double task with respectable intensity.
But good lord, what that intensity is in service of. I Know This Much Is True throws stone after stone at Dominick and Thomas Birdsey, twins born in 1950 who find themselves at conflicted early-middle-age as the first Gulf War ramps into action in 1990. Thomas is schizophrenic and has been a constant concern and, yes, burden for his brother and their mother and step-father. But the pain is inflicted in both directions, a bitter fact seen in fuller and fuller portrait as the series drifts back and forth in time, from the boys' childhood, to their adolescence (when they're played by Philip Ettinger, drooping his mouth just right), to their mournful, sorry adulthood.
You want to know what happens to this family? Here's a sampling (consider yourself spoiler warned, though the book has been out for a quarter-century): There's the aforementioned schizophrenia, there's cancer, there's a massive heart attack, there's a car accident, there's a suicide, there are several rapes, a baby dies, a hand gets cut off, and someone tumbles off a roof. This all befalls the twins' and their kin over the course of the show's six hours. It's a towering wall of hardship, the kind that, yes, I suppose gives a novel the kind of literary heft often gravitated toward by people looking for a Serious Book. (Think of the more recent doorstopper A Little Life—or, to be fair, the overly tragedy-laden young-adult book written by this critic.) But condensed to the shorter form of television, the Birdseys' various ordeals look like a careless heap of misfortune; all that's missing is a kitchen sink with a drinking problem.
It's a shame that so much of I Know This Much Is True plays as miserablist melodrama, because Cianfrance has shown in the past that he can have a deft hand as an American tragedian. Look to his most lauded film, Blue Valentine, a stinging delineation of a young couple's romantic rise and fall. Or, perhaps more pertinently to what we're talking about today, The Place Beyond the Pines, a masterful triptych epic about the legacy of a crime rippling through two generations of two families. Maybe it's in the literary adaptation that Cianfrance gets stuck, like in his film version of The Light Between Oceans—a lighthouse drama whose windswept woe seems as synthetic as its characters' gorgeous wool sweaters are decidedly not.
What Cianfrance has done consistently well throughout his work is establish a sense of place. He's a particular fan of the forgotten towns far enough outside of major cities to not be suburban, but not so bucolic that they're rural. I Know This Much Is True is a Connecticut story, unfolding in one of that state's many fading blue-collar towns caught between more exciting places. Cianfrance zeroes in on that locality with a compassionate grace, never making a showy exaggeration out of its gray plainness, while taking the time in every episode for some lovely, picturesque establishing shots. There's a gentle, quiet—so quiet you almost can't hear it—lyricism in Cianfrance's work on this series. I just wish it wasn't so routinely overcome by yet another of Lamb's gruesome trials, hurled at Dom and Thomas as if he were God and they were Job, cleaved in two.
Ruffalo and the rest of the ensemble do their noble best to humanize each individual misery. To the writing's credit, there is also at least a self-awareness that all this suffering seems disproportionate. But that reckoning comes in the awkward form of Dom's mounting conviction that his family is cursed, finding a bitter origin myth in a memoir manuscript written by his awful, domineering maternal grandfather, a Sicilian immigrant who horrifically mistreated his wife and her sister. This revelation verges the series toward classical drama, the sins of the past looming to inexorably inform the present.
But it's a grand sentiment arrived at too late in the series. It plays more as hasty deus ex machina—or, at least, deus ex manuscript—than as a consistent part of the series's thematic texture. Cianfrance has trouble connecting the show's two styles—the banal and the Greek. And the series perhaps makes a troubling comparison between Dom's superstitious beliefs and the wild ideation created by Thomas's schizophrenia. It's hard to tell what I Know This Much Is True really wants to be about until the very end, when it offers resolutions that don't quite satisfy, or directly answer, all that came before. Was this always a story about fatherlessness? Or was that just an easier way to explain, and settle, Dom's restless psyche?
Still, the series hits bone on more than a few occasions, especially in its consideration of the sacrifices and struggles of caring for an ailing loved one. The relationship between Dom and Thomas is drawn with aching clarity, one brother trying to be good to the other while resentments build up around them. Crucially, neither Ruffalo nor Ettinger overplay Thomas's condition. Though he is volatile, and frustrating, and wounded, there is nothing childlike about him, really—at least not in the style of so many misbegotten depictions of mental illness on screen.
In the other role, Ruffalo and Ettinger both keenly express Dom's agony over his assumed responsibilities and all they deny him in his own life. It's particularly heartbreaking to watch Ettinger's youthful appetite for escape dissipate as he realizes just how serious his brother's situation is, how much time and attention and patience it will require. I Know This Much Is True is wise enough to both regret and accept that onus, gradually allowing Dom to find the ragged purpose in a life he feels has been robbed of that very thing. Ruffalo communicates that hopeful resignation quite well, building on Ettinger's more wide-eyed performance to craft a man in full.
The rest of the cast does fine work as well, particularly the women—an irony, given how much of this story (which is to say, pretty much all of it) is centered on the bonding, hurting, and healing of men. Juliette Lewis is a gloriously messy whirlwind that blows through the first episode; her energy is sorely missed after she's gone. Kathryn Hahn is softly shattering, as she so often is, as Dom's grieving ex-wife. And Archie Panjabi and Rosie O'Donnell offer different kinds of valuable counsel as two mental health professionals working with Thomas on his case. O'Donnell is especially strong; she's a fine actor when deployed correctly, as she is here.
There are plenty of lives in the world that have been rocked by one grueling thing after another; I wouldn't want to dismiss their experiences as unrealistic melodrama. But something about this series's onslaught borders on the sensational. Cianfrance tries to counterbalance that turgidity with his careworn, natural aesthetics, and he almost gets there, especially in the show's last minutes. Too much of what's come before, though, has felt like punishment—so much yelling and crying and thrashing demanding that we feel something profound.
I hope some of you reading this will watch the series and find that profound thing, which I tried to but couldn't. And I hope that it was similarly cathartic for the people who made it. Perhaps the most moved I was throughout the whole series was when reading the title card that's shown just before the final credits, honoring Cianfrance's late sister and Ruffalo's late brother. Looking back on the series through that lens—as two grieving artists picking at the knot of their loss through the making of this show—lends the series an ardency it is otherwise lacking. Perhaps if I'd known that sad meta information beforehand, I would have felt something different while watching. But that is the language of hindsight, I suppose. As I Know This Much Is True shows in its finest stretches, that's a language we all learn to speak with a dreadful, powerless fluency as life carries us on into all that's unknown.
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Richard Lawson
Chief Critic
Richard Lawson is the chief critic at Vanity Fair, reviewing film, television, and theater. He is a member of the New York Film Critics Circle and the National Society of Film Critics. Richard's novel, All We Can Do Is Wait, was published by Penguin Random House in 2018. You can... Read more
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For years, a Grey's Anatomy writer told her personal traumas in online essays, and wove those details into the show's plot—until a surprising email to Shondaland accused her of making it all up.
By Evgenia Peretz
Inventing Anna Is a "Dangerous" Distortion, Says Rachel Williams
The former V.F. staffer, who was conned out of $62,000 by Anna Sorokin, questions Netflix's decision to pay the proven criminal more than $300,000 for her life rights.
The White Lotus Season 2: All the Easter Eggs You May Have Missed
A guide to the hidden references in this buzzy anthology's new episodes, from first-season callbacks to what exactly is happening with Daphne's trainer.
What Really Happened During the Making of Poltergeist
Forty years later, JoBeth Williams and Craig T. Nelson tell all about the horror classic's secrets, tragedies, and controversies.
Ezra Miller's "Messiah" Delusions: Inside The Flash Star's Dark Spiral
They're one of Hollywood's brightest stars—and most troubled actors. Amid safety concerns, and anxiety over the fate of a $200 million movie, VF unearths disturbing new details in a saga of grandiose sermons, guns, drugs, and alleged assaults and grooming.


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New Darna Jane de Leon is Guest Editor for ABS-CBN Lifestyle's Anniversary
Posted on December 2, 2019 by ABS-CBN // 0 Comments
ABS-CBN Lifestyle turns five and to celebrate this milestone, the celebrity lifestyle site hails a new guest editor in young actress soon to take on the revered Darna role—Jane De Leon.
Jane made headlines this year as the newbie who auditioned and won the role, previously portrayed by the likes of Vilma Santos, Marian Rivera, and Angel Locsin. Set to be the next big thing in local showbiz, Jane first writes and produces content for ABS-CBN Lifestyle as if to introduce herself and her interests right before 'taking flight.'
From skincare, fashion, and fitness to family and relationships, she tells all on the celeb lifestyle hub.
"When it comes to shoes, I'm into sneakers. I was into crop tops but now I'm trying to change it to other casual pieces like polos and loose blouses," she wrote, revealing she wasn't into fashion before in her article "Dicovering My Sense of Style." "Now, I'm trying to explore fashion. I'm looking for a style that fits me as an artist."
This month, ABS-CBN Lifestyle also puts the spotlight on celebrities previously bullied only to become modern beacons of beauty—Xian Lim, Lou Yanong, Kakai Bautista, Aly Borromeo, and Cai Cortez. The site puts these stars in heartwarming articles and videos, as they narrated about their hurtful past and how they eventually drew strength from it to move forward and dream bigger.
Check out the exciting reads and videos with Jane, the newest ABSCBNLifestyleInspo. Catch more Inspiring Stellar Stories on ABS-CBN Lifestyle by logging on to Lifestyle.ABS-CBN.com and following the site through its social media accounts on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and Twitter @abscbnlifestyle.
Jane de Leon
91st to 95th Most Beautiful Pinays for 2017: Kamille, Catriona, Katarina, Laura, & Jane
Jane de Leon Topbills 'Dignidad' Episode of 'Ipaglaban Mo'


WASHINGTON, Sept 15 ― Volvo Cars has asked the Trump administration to exempt the company's Chinese-made mid-size XC60 SUV from new 25 per cent tariffs, the latest automaker to seek relief from new levies on imports from China.
The automaker confirmed yesterday it has sought an exemption with the US Trade Representative's Office (USTR) for the popular vehicle that accounted for nearly a third of its US sales in August.
Earlier this week, Volvo Cars and its Chinese owner Geely postponed plans to float shares in the Swedish carmaker, blaming trade tensions and a downturn in automotive stocks.
The XC60 in August accounted for 31 per cent of Volvo's US sales.
Volvo said the XC60 was initially built only in Sweden and then it added production in China. From January to early March, Volvo was sourcing vehicles from both countries but since March US XC60s have only come from China, the company said.
A Volvo spokesman did not comment on whether new tariffs have affected vehicles now in US showrooms or if the levies will prompt price increases. The Trump administration imposed new 25 per cent tariffs on US$34 billion (RM140 billion) in Chinese goods in July, including on Chinese-made vehicles.
Volvo cited General Motors Co's July 30 request seeking an exemption for its Chinese-made Buick Envision SUV in its petition. GM's petition suggested a cap of 40,000 vehicles that could be exempted while Volvo suggested that the government not impose any cap.
USTR has not ruled on either petition but has said if it grants exclusions they will apply retroactively to the data the tariffs were imposed in July.


A timestamp is the number of seconds from January 1, 1970 at 00:00. Otherwise known as the Unix Timestamp, this measurement is a widely used standard that PHP has chosen to utilize.
The below example shows the number of seconds from January 1, 1970 at 00:00.
How to display current date and time using php?
Now that you know the basics of using PHP's datefunction, you can easily plug in any of the following letters to format your timestamp to meet your needs.
g: Hour without leading zeroes. Values are 1 through 12.
G: Hour in 24-hour format without leading zeroes. Values are 0 through 23.
h: Hour with leading zeroes. Values 01 through 12.
H: Hour in 24-hour format with leading zeroes. Values 00 through 23.
i: Minute with leading zeroes. Values 00 through 59.
s: Seconds with leading zeroes. Values 00 through 59.
d: Day of the month with leading zeroes. Values are 01 through 31.
w: Day of the week without leading zeroes. Values 0 through 6.
z: Day of the year without leading zeroes. Values 0 through 365.
F: Normal month representation. Values January through December.
t: The number of days in the month. Values 28 through 31.
L: 1 if it's a leap year and 0 if it isn't.
y: A two digit year format. Values 00 through 99.
How to display the current date and/or time?
Notice that the 0th element of the array returned by getdate() contains a UNIX timestamp representation of the date returned—the same one that mktime() would generate.
How to turn a UNIX timestamp into a human-readable string?
// result: "12:38:26 PM UTC"
PHP's date() function is great for massaging UNIX timestamps into different formats. It accepts two arguments—a format string and a timestamp—and uses the format string to turn the timestamp into a human-readable value. Each character in the format string has a special meaning, and you can review the complete list at http://www.php.net/date.
How to check a particular date is valid?
An alternative way of accomplishing the same thing can be found in the PEAR Calendar class, available from http://pear.php.net/package/Calendar.
This class offers an isValid() method to test the validity of a particular date value.
PHP's strtotime() function performs the very important function of converting a human-readable date value into a UNIX timestamp, with minimal calculation required on the part of the application. The date value can be any English-language date descriptor; strtotime() will attempt to identify it and return the corresponding timestamp. If strtotime() cannot convert the description to a timestamp, it will return –1.
In addition to date strings, the strtotime() function also accepts English-language time descriptors like "now," "next Wednesday," or "last Friday," and you can use it to perform rudimentary date arithmetic.
// assume now is "Monday, 30 October 2006 02:56:34 PM"
// result: "Friday, 03 November 2006 12:00:00 AM"
// result: "Monday, 16 October 2006 08:56:34 AM"
How to check if a particular year is a leap year?
// result: "Is a leap year"
// result: "Is not a leap year"
A year is a leap year if it is fully divisible by 400, or by 4 but not 100. The function testLeapYear() in the previous listing encapsulates this logic, using PHP's % operator to check for divisibility, and returns a Boolean value indicating the result.
An alternative way to do this is to use the checkdate() function to test for the presence of an extra day in February of that year.
How to find the number of days in a particular month?
How to find the number of days or weeks in a particular year?
// result: "There are 365 days and 52 weeks in 2001."
Given a UNIX timestamp, the date() function's "z" modifier returns the day number in the year, while the "W" modifier returns the week number. By passing a timestamp representation of the last day or last week of the year, it's possible to quickly find the total number of days or weeks in the year.
Note that the value returned by the "z" modifier is indexed from 0, so it is necessary to add 1 to the final result to obtain the actual number of days in the year.
You want to find which day of the week a particular date falls on.
Given a timestamp representing a particular date, the date() function's "l" modifier returns the weekday name corresponding to that date. If you need a numeric value (0 = Sunday, 1 = Monday …) .
You want to find which quarter of the year a particular date falls in.
Given a timestamp representing a particular date, the date() function's 'm' modifier returns the month number (range 1–12) corresponding to that date. To obtain the corresponding year quarter, divide the month number by 3 and round it up to the nearest integer with the ceil() function.
How to convert local time to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)?
The gmdate() function formats and displays a timestamp in GMT. Like the date() function, it accepts a format string that can be used to control the final appearance of the date and time value. Conversion to GMT is performed automatically based on the time zone information returned by the operating system.
How to obtain the local time in another time zone, given its GMT offset?
// result: "00:11:26 31-10-06 SST"
// result: "21:41:26 30-10-06 IST"
// result: "11:11:26 30-10-06 EST"
// result: "08:11:26 30-10-06 PST"
// result: "23:00:00 01-02-05 GMT "
Assume here that you're dealing with two time zones: Zone 1 and Zone 2. The user-defined function getLocalTime() accepts two arguments: a UNIX timestam for Zone 1 and the time zone offset, in hours from GMT, for Zone 2. Because it's simpler to perform time zone calculations from GMT, the Zone 1 UNIX timestamp is first converted to GMT (see the listing in "3.12: Converting Between Different Time Zones" for more on this step) and then the stated hour offset is added to it to obtain a new UNIX timestamp for Zone 2 time. This timestamp can then be formatted for display with the date() function.
Note that given UNIX timestamps are represented in seconds, the hour offset passed to getLocalTime() must be multiplied by 3600 (the number of seconds in 1 hour) before the offset calculation can be performed.
Note also that if the hour offset passed to getLocalTime() is 0, GMT time will be returned.
How to convert between mm and hh:mm formats.
Which is more easily understood: "105 minutes" or "1 hour, 45 minutes"? The previous listing takes care of performing this conversion between formats. Given the total number of minutes, the number of hours can be obtained by dividing by 60, with the remainder representing the number of minutes. The sprintf() function takes care of sticking the two pieces together. Given a string in hh:mm format, the explode() function splits it on the colon (:) separator, converts the first element from hours to minutes by multiplying it by 60, and then adds the second element to get the total number of minutes.
How to compare two dates to see which is more recent.
// result: "01-Feb-2007 00:00:00 comes before 01-Feb-2007 01:00:00"
How to add (subtract) time intervals to (from) a date?
When you're dealing with temporal data, one of the more common (and complex) tasks involves performing addition and subtraction operations on date and time values. Consider, for example, the simple task of calculating a date 91 days hence.
Usually, in order to do this with any degree of precision, you need to factor in a number of different variables: the month you're in, the number of days in that month, the number of days in the months following, whether or not the current year is a leap year, and so on.PHP doesn't provide built-in functions for this type of arithmetic, but it's nevertheless fairly easy to do.
The previous listing illustrates one approach to the problem, wherein the time interval is converted to seconds and added to (or subtracted from) the base timestamp, also expressed in seconds.
How to print a calendar for a particular month.
Displaying a dynamic calendar on a Web page might seem trivial, but if you've ever tried coding it firsthand, you'll know the reality is somewhat different. Better than working your way through the numerous calculations and adjustments, then, is using the PEAR Calendar class, available from http://pear.php.net/package/Calendar. This class is designed specifically to generate a monthly or yearly calendar that you can massage into whatever format you desire.The Calendar package includes a number of different classes, each for a specific purpose.
to customize the appearance of particular dates in the month.
The Calendar package is fairly sophisticated, and enables a developer to create and customize a variety of different calendar types. There isn't enough space here to discuss it in detail, so you should take a look at the examples provided with the package to understand what you can do with it.
Really it is helpful for me, thanks Masud vai.
This is a awsome tutorial.But we want to handle as oop style.Hope author will do this for us.
This article was great & helpful.
This article is very good helpfull.
Great writing….Making Calendar part should also more informative.


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Emma's Provisions
We cannot guarantee delivery prior to the holiday on orders placed after December 17. Thank you
https://www.facebook.com/thehotelemma https://www.instagram.com/thehotelemma/
Copyright © 2023 Hotel Emma
Home / Flor Del Norte For Hotel Emma
Flor Del Norte For Hotel Emma
Our friends at Merit love coffee. We're lucky to partner with them and their partner Pedro Garcia Diaz who owns 2 hectares of land in the San Francisco village in the district of San Jose del Alto where he cultivates bourbon and pache varieties and produces around 30 exportable bags of coffee per year. Pedro lives in the village and his family manages his farm in the off season. During harvest and pruning / fertilizing he lives at the farm to oversee the production.
Coffee is picked selectively before being fermented for around 36 hours, washed, and then placed to dry on tarps where it dries for two weeks.
Tasting Notes of Toffee, Honey and Stone Fruit


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Varian Medical Systems
Location: MILPITAS, CA 95036
Varian Medical Systems, Inc., (NYSE:VAR) of Palo Alto, California is the world's leading manufacturer of integrated cancer therapy systems, which are used to treat thousands of patients per day. The company is also a premier supplier of X-ray tubes and flat-panel digital subsystems for imaging in medical, scientific, and industrial applications. Varian Medical Systems employs approximately 3,000 people who are located at manufacturing sites in North America and Europe, and in its 48 sales and support offices around the world. In its most recent fiscal year ended September 26, 2003, Varian Medical Systems reported sales of over $1 billion.
Varian Medical Systems is focused on providing true customer solutions in the areas of radiation oncology for treating cancer, X-ray imaging, non-destructive testing, and cargo screening. These are all advanced applications of X-ray technology--the use of targeted energy to solve human problems.
Varian's Oncology Systems and BrachyTherapy businesses are focused on providing doctors with the means of helping patients around the world to beat cancer. The company's Security and Inspection Products Group produces high-energy X-ray devices for non-destructive testing and cargo screening. The X-ray Products business is the leading independent supplier of X-ray tubes and flat-panel digital subsystems for imaging in medical, scientific, and industrial applications. Ginzton Technology Center, the company's R&D organization and new business incubator, has a mission to create, acquire, and manage bold new breakthrough technologies that will further advance medical diagnosis and treatment.
There are a number of exciting positions currently available at Varian Medical Systems. Additional information is available on the company's website at www.varian.com


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De Manitou is een riviertje in de Canadese deelstaat Ontario met een lengte van ongeveer vijftien kilometer.

Het begint in het Manitoumeer, doorsnijdt het Manitoulin-eiland en eindigt in het Huronmeer.

Rivier in Ontario
Stroomgebied van de Saint Lawrence

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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WHAT I'M LISTENING TO THIS YEAR — PART 3 SHORT BUT SWEET: ILL BREED — "BLACK PANE / BLISTERED"
SEEN AND HEARD: FISTULA, REVENGE, SHEVILS
Album Reviews, RANDOM FUCKING MUSIC Add comments
I thought I'd pass along a few more recently discovered items before calling it quits for the day. Obviously, I think everything in here is worth your time.
I'm about as peace-loving a soul as you could ever meet, yet much of the music I enjoy is violent. Maybe listening to violent music helps me keep cool most of the rest of the time. But I really don't listen to violent music for therapeutic purposes — I listen to it because I get off on the power and the energy.
Violence in metal takes many forms. Fistula's new album Vermin Prolificus (released by To Live A Lie Records) is the kind that just wants to beat you senseless with grotesque sludgy riffs and tear your throat out with raw, shrieking vocal extremity.
The music varies between slow, merciless lumbering and bust-up-the-furniture rampages. Part sludge, part grind, part hardcore, Fistula stitch together different strains of extreme music to produce a Frankenstein's monster that even fire won't kill.
The ugly, viscerally potent music is effectively layered with samples of various kinds — the one about drug rehab that comes at the end of ""Smoke Cat Hair and Toenails" and reappears elsewhere is especially disturbing. The samples are selected to suit Fistula's lyrical themes, which are politically charged; the massively crushing "Pig Funeral", for example, isn't a lament for deceased barnyard animals.
Check out the music below. For info about how to acquire it, visit these links:
https://www.facebook.com/fistula666
http://www.patacrecords.com/distro/Fistula-Vermin-Prolificus-Vinyl-LP?zenid=99repv15st3d4gna38s5a5sra4
http://www.tolivealie.com
I've got Dan A. to thank for the discovery of this band from Western Massachusetts. They recently released an album named The Heavens Are Empty that has just been tearing up my insides. Yes, it's violent, too.
The hardcore violence comes in waves of assaulting riffs and rib-cracking percussion, laced with vocal shrieking of the most bloody-minded sort and anchored by tremendously brutal grooves. When the breakdowns come, they're massively skull-splitting — but the music as a whole will fuck your shit up just as effectively.
The album is available for download on Bandcamp or physically from the Rat Trax label. If you want just one song to sample, go for "The Night Has Teeth" — it will give you a taste of low and slow bludgeoning before Revenge start smashing the furniture into splinters — or "Deterioration", which is an immediate headbang trigger and also includes a skin-scorching solo.
http://rattrax.bandcamp.com/album/rat-004-revenge-the-heavens-are-empty/
http://www.Rattrax.bigcartel.com
SHEVILS
Unlike the first two bands in this post, I've written about Oslo's Shevils before, most recently in a review of their 2013 album Lost In Tartarus. Late last month they released a new single named "Shivers" and have made it available for free download at Soundcloud (check the link below).
I've been meaning to say something about "Shivers" for a while now. It marries beefy riffs, a hook-filled guitar lead, punk rhythms, and blood-spurting vocals. It's not as violent as the first two offerings in this post, but there's still something about it that's dark, despite how catchy it is. Check it out below.
https://soundcloud.com/shevils/shivers
https://www.facebook.com/shevils/
Posted by Islander at 1:16 pm Tagged with: Fistula, Revenge, Shevils
4 Responses to "SEEN AND HEARD: FISTULA, REVENGE, SHEVILS"
BadWolf says:
good god, that Fistula record. YOu were right. Fucking terrifying. And Revenge is great too.
You're a better judge than I am of this kind of music, so I'm glad you think it's good too.
SurgicalBrute says:
..thought I was going to hear about new music from Revenge (Canada) 🙁
blend77 says:
Pretty surprised they chose that name considering the pedigree of the Ross Bay Revenge.
Not to mention they've recently been touring around a bit and well, I just wouldnt want to cross a dude like J. Read. He'd probably wear yr skull as a cod piece.


VUE is your union. As a union we negotiate our contract. The more you are a part of your union the more we can improve our work conditions and salaries. By definition a union is that which is united, or made one; something formed by a combination or coalition of parts or members. The United States of America are often called the Union. The Volusia Educational Support Association is a coalition of Office Specialists and Paraprofessionals working together in improving our work conditions.
Hiring of an attorney for a job-related concern can easily cost thousands of dollars. Your VUE membership provides professional representation for all these issues and more.
The Volusia United Educators is working to bring our extended day workers and technology services staff in to our union. This page is to help communicate with those workers.


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Nutritious whole foods are vital during these stages.
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The average person lives for 15 years with chronic disease.


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Tableau Software Inc.
Building your data community through empathy
U.S. Department of Energy Announces $15 Million in Funding[...]
DOE Announces Intent to Fund Projects to Develop Algae-Based CO2[...]
U.S. Department of Energy to Invest $28.35M in Advanced Processing of[...]
Readout of Acting Secretary of Defense Christopher C. Miller's Phone Call With New Zealand Minister for Defence Peeni Henare
On November 24, Acting Secretary of Defense Christopher Miller spoke with New Zealand Minister for Defence Peeni Henare. The leaders reaffirmed the strength of the U.S-New Zealand partnership and shared their perspectives on pressing regional security challenges. Acting Secretary Miller and Minister Henare agreed to continue coordination on COVID-19 response efforts and emphasized their commitment to maintaining a Free and Open Indo-Pacific.
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