On 15th April, 1920, Frederick Parmenter and Alessandro Berardelli, in South Braintree, were shot dead while carrying two boxes containing the payroll of a shoe factory. After the two robbers took the $15,000 they got into a car containing several other men and were driven away.
Several eyewitnesses claimed that the robbers looked Italian. A large number of Italian immigrants were questioned but eventually the authorities decided to charge Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Nicola Sacco with the murders. Although the two men did not have criminal records, it was argued that they had committed the robbery to acquire funds for their anarchist political campaign.
Fred H. Moore, a socialist lawyer, agreed to defend the two men. Eugene Lyons, a young journalist, carried out research for Moore. Lyons later recalled: "Fred Moore, by the time I left for Italy, was in full command of an obscure case in Boston involving a fishmonger named Bartolomeo Vanzetti and a shoemaker named Nicola Sacco. He had given me explicit instructions to arouse all of Italy to the significance of the Massachusetts murder case, and to hunt up certain witnesses and evidence. The Italian labor movement, however, had other things to worry about. An ex-socialist named Benito Mussolini and a locust plague of blackshirts, for instance. Somehow I did get pieces about Sacco and Vanzetti into Avanti!, which Mussolini had once edited, and into one or two other papers. I even managed to stir up a few socialist onorevoles, like Deputy Mucci from Sacco's native village in Puglia, and Deputy Misiano, a Sicilian firebrand at the extreme Left. Mucci brought the Sacco-Vanzetti affair to the floor of the Chamber of Deputies, the first jet of foreign protest in what was eventually to become a pounding international flood."
The trial started on 21st May, 1921. The main evidence against the men was that they were both carrying a gun when arrested. Some people who saw the crime taking place identified Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Nicola Sacco as the robbers. Others disagreed and both men had good alibis. Vanzetti was selling fish in Plymouth while Sacco was in Boston with his wife having his photograph taken. The prosecution made a great deal of the fact that all those called to provide evidence to support these alibis were also Italian immigrants.
Vanzetti and Sacco were disadvantaged by not having a full grasp of the English language. Webster Thayer, the judge was clearly prejudiced against anarchists. The previous year, he rebuked a jury for acquitting anarchist Sergie Zuboff of violating the criminal anarchy statute. It was clear from some of the answers Vanzetti and Sacco gave in court that they had misunderstood the question. During the trial the prosecution emphasized the men's radical political beliefs. Vanzetti and Sacco were also accused of unpatriotic behaviour by fleeing to Mexico during the First World War.
Eugene Lyons has argued in his autobiography, Assignment in Utopia (1937): "Fred Moore was at heart an artist. Instinctively he recognized the materials of a world issue in what appeared to others a routine matter... When the case grew into a historical tussle, these men were utterly bewildered. But Moore saw its magnitude from the first. His legal tactics have been the subject of dispute and recrimination. I think that there is some color of truth, indeed, to the charge that he sometimes subordinated the literal needs of legalistic procedure to the larger needs of the case as a symbol of class struggle. If he had not done so, Sacco and Vanzetti would have died six years earlier, without the solace of martyrdom. With the deliberation of a composer evolving the details of a symphony which he senses in its rounded entirety, Moore proceeded to clarify and deepen the elements implicit in the case. And first of all he aimed to delineate the class character of the automatic prejudices that were operating against Sacco and Vanzetti. Sometimes over the protests of the men themselves he cut through legalistic conventions to reveal underlying motives. Small wonder that the pinched, dyspeptic judge and the pettifogging lawyers came to hate Moore with a hatred that was admiration turned inside out."
In court Nicola Sacco claimed: "I know the sentence will be between two classes, the oppressed class and the rich class, and there will be always collision between one and the other. We fraternize the people with the books, with the literature. You persecute the people, tyrannize them and kill them. We try the education of people always. You try to put a path between us and some other nationality that hates each other. That is why I am here today on this bench, for having been of the oppressed class. Well, you are the oppressor." The trial lasted seven weeks and on 14th July, 1921, both men were found guilty of first degree murder and sentenced to death. The journalist. Heywood Broun, reported that when Judge Thayer passed sentence upon Sacco and Vanzetti, a woman in the courtroom said with terror: "It is death condemning life!"
Bartolomeo Vanzetti commented in court after the sentence was announced: "The jury were hating us because we were against the war, and the jury don't know that it makes any difference between a man that is against the war because he believes that the war is unjust, because he hate no country, because he is a cosmopolitan, and a man that is against the war because he is in favor of the other country that fights against the country in which he is, and therefore a spy, an enemy, and he commits any crime in the country in which he is in behalf of the other country in order to serve the other country. We are not men of that kind. Nobody can say that we are German spies or spies of any kind... I never committed a crime in my life - I have never stolen and I have never killed and I have never spilt blood, and I have fought against crime, and I have fought and I have sacrificed myself even to eliminate the crimes that the law and the church legitimate and sanctify."
In 1925 Celestino Madeiros, a Portuguese immigrant, confessed to being a member of the gang that killed Frederick Parmenter and Alessandro Berardelli. He also named the four other men, Joe, Fred, Pasquale and Mike Morelli, who had taken part in the robbery. The Morelli brothers were well-known criminals who had carried out similar robberies in area of Massachusetts. However, the authorities refused to investigate the confession made by Madeiros.
Important figures in the United States and Europe became involved in the campaign to overturn the conviction. John Dos Passos, Alice Hamilton, Paul Kellog, Jane Addams, Heywood Broun, William Patterson, Upton Sinclair, Dorothy Parker, Ruth Hale, Ben Shahn, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Felix Frankfurter, Susan Gaspell, Mary Heaton Vorse, Gardner Jackson, John Howard Lawson, Freda Kirchway, Floyd Dell, Katherine Anne Porter, Michael Gold, Bertrand Russell, John Galsworthy, Arnold Bennett, George Bernard Shaw and H. G. Wells became involved in a campaign to obtain a retrial. Although Webster Thayer, the original judge, was officially criticised for his conduct at the trial, the authorities refused to overrule the decision to execute the men. One of the campaigners, Anatole France, commented: "The death of Sacco and Vanzetti will make martyrs of them and cover you with shame. Save them for your honor, for the honor of your children, and for the generations yet unborn."
Eugene Debs, the leader of the Socialist Party of America, called for trade union action against the decision: "The supreme court of Massachusetts has spoken at last and Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Nicola Sacco, two of the bravest and best scouts that ever served the labor movement, must go to the electric chair.... Now is the time for all labor to be aroused and to rally as one vast host to vindicate its assailed honor, to assert its self-respect, and to issue its demand that in spite of the capitalist-controlled courts of Massachusetts honest and innocent working-men whose only crime is their innocence of crime and their loyalty to labor, shall not be murdered by the official hirelings of the corporate powers that rule and tyrannize over the state."
In 1927 Governor Alvan T. Fuller appointed a three-member panel of Harvard President Abbott Lawrence Lowell, the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Samuel W. Stratton, and the novelist, Robert Grant to conduct a complete review of the case and determine if the trials were fair. The committee reported that no new trial was called for and based on that assessment Governor Fuller refused to delay their executions or grant clemency. Walter Lippmann, who had been one of the main campaigners for Sacco and Vanzetti, argued that Governor Fuller had "sought with every conscious effort to learn the truth" and that it was time to let the matter drop.
Heywood Broun disagreed and on 5th August he wrote in New York World: "Alvan T. Fuller never had any intention in all his investigation but to put a new and higher polish upon the proceedings. The justice of the business was not his concern. He hoped to make it respectable. He called old men from high places to stand behind his chair so that he might seem to speak with all the authority of a high priest or a Pilate. What more can these immigrants from Italy expect? It is not every prisoner who has a President of Harvard University throw on the switch for him. And Robert Grant is not only a former Judge but one of the most popular dinner guests in Boston. If this is a lynching, at least the fish peddler and his friend the factory hand may take unction to their souls that they will die at the hands of men in dinner coats or academic gowns, according to the conventionalities required by the hour of execution."
It now became clear that Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti would be executed. Vanzetti commented to a journalist: "If it had not been for this thing, I might have lived out my life talking at street corners to scorning men. I might have died, unmarked, unknown, a failure. Now we are not a failure. This is our career and our triumph. Never in our full life can we hope to do such work for tolerance, justice, for man's understanding of man, as now we do by accident. Our words - our lives - our pains - nothing! The taking of our lives - lives of a good shoemaker and a poor fish peddler - all! That last moment belong to us - that agony is our triumph. On 23rd August 1927, the day of execution, over 250,000 people took part in a silent demonstration in Boston.
Soon after the executions Eugene Lyons published his book, The Life and Death of Sacco and Vanzetti (1927): "It was not a frame-up in the ordinary sense of the word. It was a far more terrible conspiracy: the almost automatic clicking of the machinery of government spelling out death for two men with the utmost serenity. No more laws were stretched or violated than in most other criminal cases. No more stool-pigeons were used. No more prosecution tricks were played. Only in this case every trick worked with a deadly precision. The rigid mechanism of legal procedure was at its most unbending. The human beings who operated the mechanism were guided by dim, vague, deep-seated motives of fear and self-interest. It was a frame-up implicit in the social structure. It was a perfect example of the functioning of class justice, in which every judge, juror, police officer, editor, governor and college president played his appointed role easily and without undue violence to his conscience. A few even played it with an exalted sense of their own patriotism and nobility."
The United States system of justice came under attack from important figures throughout the world. Bertrand Russell argued: "I am forced to conclude that they were condemned on account of their political opinions and that men who ought to have known better allowed themselves to express misleading views as to the evidence because they held that men with such opinions have no right to live. A view of this sort is one which is very dangerous, since it transfers from the theological to the political sphere a form of persecution which it was thought that civilized countries had outgrown."
The novelist, Upton Sinclair, decided to investigate the case. He interviewed Fred H. Moore, one of defence lawyers in the case. According to Sinclair's latest biographer, Anthony Arthur: "Fred Moore, Sinclair said later, who confirmed his own growing doubts about Sacco's and Vanzetti's innocence. Meeting in a hotel room in Denver on his way home from Boston, he and Moore talked about the case. Moore said neither man ever admitted it to him, but he was certain of Sacco's guilt and fairly sure of Vanzetti's knowledge of the crime if not his complicity in it." A letter written by Sinclair at the time acknowledged that he had doubts about Moore's testimony: "I realized certain facts about Fred Moore. I had heard that he was using drugs. I knew that he had parted from the defense committee after the bitterest of quarrels.... Moore admitted to me that the men themselves had never admitted their guilt to him, and I began to wonder whether his present attitude and conclusions might not be the result of his brooding on his wrongs."
Sinclair was now uncertain if a miscarriage of justice had taken place. He decided to end the novel on a note of ambiguity concerning the guilt or innocence of the Italian anarchists. When Robert Minor, a leading figure in the American Communist Party, discovered Sinclair's intentions he telephoned him and said: "You will ruin the movement! It will be treason!" Sinclair's novel, Boston, appeared in 1928. Unlike some of his earlier radical work, the novel received very good reviews. The New York Times called it a "literary achievement" and that it was "full of sharp observation and savage characterization," demonstrating a new "craftsmanship in the technique of the novel".
Fifty years later, on 23rd August, 1977, Michael Dukakis, the Governor of Massachusetts, issued a proclamation, effectively absolving the two men of the crime. "Today is the Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti Memorial Day. The atmosphere of their trial and appeals were permeated by prejudice against foreigners and hostility toward unorthodox political views. The conduct of many of the officials involved in the case shed serious doubt on their willingness and ability to conduct the prosecution and trial fairly and impartially. Simple decency and compassion, as well as respect for truth and an enduring commitment to our nation's highest ideals, require that the fate of Sacco and Vanzetti be pondered by all who cherish tolerance, justice and human understanding."
At the height of the Big Red Scare - in April, 1920 - there had taken place at South Braintree, Massachusetts, a crime so unimportant that it was not even mentioned in the New York Times of the following day - or, for that matter, of the whole following year. It was the sort of crime which was taking place constantly all over the country. A paymaster and his guard, carrying two boxes containing the pay-roll of a shoe factory, were killed by two men with pistols, who thereupon leaped into an automobile which drew up at the kerb, and drove away across the railroad tracks. Two weeks later a couple of Italian radicals were arrested as the murders, and a year later the Italians were tried before Judge Webster Thayer and a jury and found guilty.
(2) Eugene Debs, statement issued in October, 1926.
The supreme court of Massachusetts has spoken at last and Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Nicola Sacco, two of the bravest and best scouts that ever served the labor movement, must go to the electric chair. The decision of this capitalist judicial tribunal is not surprising. It accords perfectly with the tragical farce and the farcical tragedy of the entire trial of these two absolutely innocent and shamefully persecuted working men.
Now is the time for all labor to be aroused and to rally as one vast host to vindicate its assailed honor, to assert its self-respect, and to issue its demand that in spite of the capitalist-controlled courts of Massachusetts honest and innocent working-men whose only crime is their innocence of crime and their loyalty to labor, shall not be murdered by the official hirelings of the corporate powers that rule and tyrannize over the state.
Why were these men held as murderers and highwaymen and not as anarchists and advocates of the working people? Among a people that does not recognize or rather does not admit the force and danger of ideas it is impossible to prosecute the holder of unpopular ideas directly. Also there is a smoldering tradition of freedom that makes those who do it feel guilty. After all everyone learnt the Declaration of Independence and "Give me Liberty or Give me Death" in school, and however perfunctory the words have become they have left a faint infantile impression on the minds of most of us. Hence the characteristic American weapon of the frameup. If two Italians are spreading anarchist propaganda, you hold them for murder.
(4) Bertrand Russell led the campaign in Britain against the conviction of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti.
I am forced to conclude that they were condemned on account of their political opinions and that men who ought to have known better allowed themselves to express misleading views as to the evidence because they held that men with such opinions have no right to live. A view of this sort is one which is very dangerous, since it transfers from the theological to the political sphere a form of persecution which it was thought that civilized countries had outgrown.
Sacco and Vanzetti became friends during World War I. Rather than go to war to kill their fellow-workers, they had joined a group of anarchists who went to live in Mexico for the duration of the war. Their friendship continued when they returned to Massachusetts.
In the police files there was quite a dossier under the designation "agitators" concerning these two men. Vanzetti had led a strike at a cordage factory for which he was blacklisted. Sacco had raised money to fight frame-ups, he had walked picket lines, had been arrested for demonstrating. Both were very active in the defense of the foreign-born, who were at that time the targets of a sweeping witch hunt, under the guidance of U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer and J. Edgar Hoover. The two friends had organized protest meetings, raised defense money, distributed handbills. They were often followed by spies hired by the federal government.
A protest meeting that Sacco and Vanzetti were organizing for May 9, 1920 never came off. On May 5 they were arrested, charged with dangerous radical activities. But even the authorities must have felt this an insufficient charge, for they added another - they associated them with a payroll robbery at South Braintree, Mass., on April 15, 1920, in which two guards had been killed.
At their trial. Judge Webster Thayer, who presided, revealed at every turn his marked hatred for the two Italians. Every effort was made by the press and the authorities to whip up mass mob hysteria. The courtroom was surrounded with extra guards, and everyone entering it was searched. Suborned witnesses calmly lied on the stand, with the knowledge, undoubtedly, that even if they were charged with having given perjured testimony they would go free.
I have suffered for things that I am guilty of. I am suffering because I am a radical and indeed I am a radical; I have suffered because I was an Italian, and indeed I am an Italian; I have suffered more for my family and for my beloved than for myself; but I am so convinced to be right that if you could execute me two times, and if I could be reborn two other times, I would live again to do what I have done already.
We've hardly talked about it - but every time we got within range of a newspaper we've rushed to it hoping, without any real hope that some miracle of mercy would have descended on the Governor or someone else. It was hard to sleep through some of those nights. And everywhere we went - from Paris and Berlin to Heiligenblut in the Austrian Tyrol - people talked to us about it with horror and a complete inability to understand. This was true of people without any political feeling in the matter - casual companions in a railway compartment or in a hotel office. And now they're dead. In spite of riots and bitter resentment, I feel, in people and in myself a distinct relief that, if it had to be, it is done. Anything is better than that strain of waiting.
These aliens by a strange chance combined in their obscure persons all the things that most offended and frightened a smug New Englander. In a section where family pride and an ingrown sense of racial superiority flourished, Sacco and Vanzetti were from the lowest social layer of wops and hunkies and polaks. At a time when Bolshevism gave householders nightmares, Sacco and Vanzetti were by their own confession reddest of the Reds. With the textile industry drifting to the South and the shoe industry to the West, in a period of strikes and discontent, Sacco and Vanzetti were self-confessed labor agitators. Amidst a raging blood-fed patriotism, they were slackers. In Puritan New England they were atheists.
It required no special effort or apparatus to generate fear of and hatred for the two men. They attracted the fears and hatreds already in full play. The belief of some that agents of the Department of Justice and of the State of Massachusetts got together and decided to electrocute them, innocent or guilty, is naive.
It was not a frame-up in the ordinary sense of the word. It was a far more terrible conspiracy: the almost automatic clicking of the machinery of government spelling out death for two men with the utmost serenity. No more laws were stretched or violated than in most other criminal cases. No more stool-pigeons were used. No more prosecution tricks were played. Only in this case every trick worked with a deadly precision. The rigid mechanism of legal procedure was at its most unbending. The human beings who operated the mechanism were guided by dim, vague, deep-seated motives of fear and self-interest.
It was a frame-up implicit in the social structure. It was a perfect example of the functioning of class justice, in which every judge, juror, police officer, editor, governor and college president played his appointed role easily and without undue violence to his conscience. A few even played it with an exalted sense of their own patriotism and nobility.
(11) H. G. Wells became involved in the campaign in Britain against the conviction of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti in America. The New York Times refused to publish his article, The Proposed Murder of Two Radicals. It eventually appeared in his book of essays, The Way the World is Going, in 1929.
The elementary education of the American citizen is cheap and poor and does not fit him for his proper role in the world; next, that the methods of democracy used by the States are crude and ineffective and that they hamper the moral and intellectual development of what is still the greatest, most promising of human communities; and, thirdly and finally, that the American sense of justice is clumsy and confused.
Sacco was the Latin at his most impetuous, a man of emotion rather than logic, driven literally to madness on at least two occasions by the ordeal of imprisonment and waiting. The separation from his pretty red-headed wife and his two children, from friends and work, consumed his flesh and shook his reason. A week of incarceration for a man like Sacco was more terrible than a year for the more phlegmatic and contemplative Vanzetti. Sacco was a caged and raging animal; Vanzetti seemed a monk in calm seclusion. Under the ferocious Italian mustaches which gave him a look of fierceness in the eyes of the ordinary American, the fishmonger from Piemonte had ascetic features and eyes of a tenderness that haunted one.
With every year of imprisonment Vanzetti seemed to grow calmer, gentler, more philosophic. His was the consolation of genuine martyrdom in which there was no rancor but an ever-deepening understanding. Where, Saco had acquired his anarchist beliefs at second-hand, more attracted by its harsh code than its philosophy, Vanzetti had read and studied the poets and prophets of his faith. His mind was crystal clear and expanded immensely in the enforced leisure of his seven years' isolation. Some of his letters and speeches from the prisoners' cage have the ring of enduring literature-this despite his use of English, an alien, half-apprehended tongue. Certainly the scene while he was being strapped into the electric chair, when he proffered his forgiveness to those who were about to snuff out his life, belongs among the high moments in the history of the human spirit.
When at last Judge Thayer in a tiny voice passed sentence upon Sacco and Vanzetti, a woman in the courtroom said with terror: "It is death condemning life!"
The men in Charlestown Prison are shining spirits, and Vanzetti has spoken with an eloquence not known elsewhere within our time. They are too bright, we shield our eyes and kill them. We are the dead, and in us there is not feeling nor imagination nor the terrible torment of lust for justice. And in the city where we sleep smug gardeners walk to keep the grass above our little houses sleek and cut whatever blade thrusts up a head above its fellows.
"The decision is unbelievably brutal," said the Chairman of the Defense Committee, and he was wrong. The thing is worthy to be believed. It has happened. It will happen again, and the shame is wider than that which must rest upon Massachusetts. I have never believed that the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti was one set apart from many by reason of the passion and prejudice which encrusted all the benches. Scratch through the varnish of any judgment seat and what will you strike but hate thick-clotted from centuries of angry verdicts? Did any man ever find power within his hand except to use it as a whip?
Gov. Alvan T. Fuller never had any intention in all his investigation but to put a new and higher polish upon the proceedings. The justice of the business was not his concern. He hoped to make it respectable. He called old men from high places to stand behind his chair so that he might seem to speak with all the authority of a high priest or a Pilate.
Already too much has been made of the personality of Webster Thayer. To sympathizers of Sacco and Vanzetti he has seemed a man with a cloven hoof. But in no usual sense of the term is this man a villain. Although probably not a great jurist, he is without doubt as capable and conscientious as the average Massachusetts Judge, and if that's enough to warm him in wet weather by all means let him stick the compliment against his ribs.
Webster Thayer has a thousand friends. He has courage, sincerity and convictions. Judge Thayer is a good man, and when he says that he made every effort to give a fair trial to the Anarchists brought before him, undoubtedly he thinks it and he means it. Quite often I've heard the remark: "I wonder how that man sleeps at night?" On this point I have no first hand information, but I venture to guess that he is no more beset with uneasy dreams than most of us. He saw his duty and he thinks he did it.
And Gov. Fuller, also, is not in any accepted sense of the word a miscreant. Before becoming Governor he manufactured bicycles. Nobody was cheated by his company. He loves his family and pays his debts. Very much he desires to be Governor again, and there is an excellent chance that this ambition will be gratified. Other Governors of Massachusetts have gone far, and it is not fantastic to assume that some day he might be President. His is not a master mind, but he is a solid and substantial American, chiming in heartily with all our national ideals and aspirations.
To me the tragedy of the conviction of Sacco and Vanzetti lies in the fact that this was not a deed done by crooks and knaves. In that case we could have a campaign with the slogan "Turn the rascals out," and set up for a year or two a reform Administration. Nor have I had much patience with any who would like to punish Thayer by impeachment or any other process. Unfrock him and his judicial robes would fall upon a pair of shoulders not different by the thickness of a fingernail. Men like Holmes and Brandeis do not grow on bushes. Popular government, as far as the eye can see, is always going to be administered by the Thayers and Fullers.
It has been said that the question at issue was not the guilt or innocence of Sacco and Vanzetti, but whether or not they received a fair trial. I will admit that this commands my interest to some extent, but still I think it is a minor phase in the whole matter. From a Utopian point of view the trial was far from fair, but it was not more biased than a thousand which take place in this country every year. It has been pointed out that the Public Prosecutor neglected to call certain witnesses because their testimony would not have been favorable to his case. Are there five District Attorneys, is there one, in the whole country who would do otherwise?
Several points in the official decision of Gov. Fuller betray a state of mind unfortunate under the circumstances. It seems to me that the whole tone of Gov. Fuller's statement was apologetic, but this perhaps is debatable. There can be no question, however, that he fell into irrelevancies.
"The South Braintree crime was particularly brutal," he wrote, and went on to describe the manner in which the robbers pumped bullets into a guard who was already wounded and helpless. Surely this is beside the point. Had this been one of the most considerate murders ever committed in the State of Massachusetts, Sacco and Vanzetti would still have been deserving of punishment if guilty. The contention of the defense has always been that the accused men had no part in the affair. The savagery of the killing certainly is wholly extraneous to the issue.
But these references of the Governor are worse than mere wasted motion. Unconsciously he has made an appeal to that type of thinker who says: "Why all this sympathy for those two anarchists and none for the unfortunate widow of the paymaster's guard?" But those of us who are convinced that Sacco and Vanzetti are innocent certainly pay no disrespect to the woes of the widow.
Again Gov. Fuller writes: "It is popularly supposed that he (Madeiros) confessed to committing the crime." Surely this gives the impression that no such statement ever came from the condemned criminal. The Governor may be within his rights in deciding that Madeiros lied, and for some self-seeking reason, but it is not only popularly supposed but also true that he did make a confession.
"In his testimony to me," the Governor explains, "he could not recall the details or describe the neighborhood."
This, I must say, seems to me a rather frowsy sort of psychology. Assuming that Madeiros took part in the crime, fired some shots and sped quickly away in an automobile, how could he be expected to remember the happenings in any precise detail? I have known men who ran seventy yards across the goal line in some football game and after this was over they knew little or nothing of what happened while excitement gripped them. I would be much more inclined to believe Madeiros a liar if he had been able to give a detailed and graphic account of everything which happened during the flurry.
And again, the Massachusetts Executive is far too cavalier in dealing with Sacco's alibi.
"He then claimed," says the Governor, "to have been at the Italian Consulate in Boston on that date, but the only confirmation of this claim is the memory of a former employee of the Consulate who made a deposition in Italy that Sacco among forty others was in the office that day. This employee had no memorandum to assist his memory."
In this brief paragraph I think I detect much bias. By speaking of the witness as "a former employee," Gov. Fuller seems to endeavor to discredit him. And yet the man who testified may be wholly worthy to be believed, even though he eventually took another job. Nor does the fact that his deposition was made in Italy militate against it. Truth may travel even across an ocean.
Assuming that Sacco did go to the Consulate as he has said, why should it be expected that his arrival would create such a stir that everyone there from the Consul down would have marked his coming indelibly? And this witness for the defense, according to Fuller, "had no memorandum to assist his memory." Why in Heaven's name should it be assumed that he would? There were other witnesses to whom the Governor gave credence who did not come with blueprints or flashlight photographs of happenings. Memory was all that served them and yet Fuller believed because he chose to.
One important point the Governor neglected to mention in dealing with the testimony of the Consulate clerk. The employee happened to fix Sacco in his mind by reason of a striking circumstance. The laborer, ignorant of passport requirements, brought with him to the Consulate not the conventional miniature but a large-sized crayon enlargement. And to my mind this should have been a clinching factor in the validity of the alibi.
Gov. Fuller has vindicated Judge Thayer of prejudice wholly upon the testimony of the record. Apparently he has overlooked entirely the large amount of testimony from reliable witnesses that the Judge spoke bitterly of the prisoners while the trial was on. The record is not enough. Anybody who has ever been to the theater knows it is impossible to evaluate the effect of a line until you hear it read. It is just as important to consider Thayer's mood during the proceedings as to look over the words which he uttered.
Since the denial of the last appeal, Thayer has been most reticent, and has declared that it is his practice never to make public statements concerning any judicial matters which come before him. Possibly he never did make public statements, but certainly there is a mass of testimony from unimpeachable persons that he was not so careful in locker rooms and trains and club lounges.
Nor am I much moved at the outcries of admiration from editorial writers who have expressed delight at the courage of the Governor of Massachusetts. Readily I will admit that by his decision he has exposed himself to the danger of physical violence. This is courage, but it is one of the more usual varieties. To decide in favor of Sacco and Vanzetti would have required a very different sort of courage. Such action upon Fuller's part might very possibly have blasted his political future.
I am afraid there is no question that a vast majority of the voters in the Bay State want to see the condemned men die. I don't know why. Clearly it depends upon no careful examination of the evidence. Mostly the feeling rests upon the fact that Sacco and Vanzetti are radicals and that they are foreigners. Also the backbone of Massachusetts, such as it is, happens to be up because of criticism beyond the borders of the State. "This is only our business," say the citizens of the Commonwealth, and they are very wrong.
Five times as many telegrams of praise as those of censure have come to the Governor, according to the official statement of his secretary. In such circumstances it seems to me that his courage in the business is of no great importance.
From now on, I want to know, will the institution of learning in Cambridge which once we called Harvard be known as Hangman's House?
Today is the Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti Memorial Day. The atmosphere of their trial and appeals were permeated by prejudice against foreigners and hostility toward unorthodox political views. The conduct of many of the officials involved in the case shed serious doubt on their willingness and ability to conduct the prosecution and trial fairly and impartially. Simple decency and compassion, as well as respect for truth and an enduring commitment to our nation's highest ideals, require that the fate of Sacco and Vanzetti be pondered by all who cherish tolerance, justice and human understanding.
The trial, occurring in the wake of the Red Scare, took place in an atmosphere of intense hostility towards the defendants. The district attorney, Frederick G. Katzmann, conducted a highly unscrupulous prosecution, coaching and badgering witnesses, withholding exculpatory evidence from the defense, and perhaps even tampering with physical evidence. A skillful and ruthless cross-examiner, he played on the emotions of the jurors, arousing their deepest prejudices against the accused. Sacco and Vanzetti were armed; they were foreigners, atheists, anarchists. This overclouded all judgment. The judge in the case, Webster Thayer, likewise revealed his bias. Outside the courtroom, during the trial and the appeals that followed, he made remarks that bristled with animosity towards the defendants ("Did you see what I did with those anarchistic bastards the other day? I guess that will hold them for a while.")' When a verdict of guilty was returned, many believed that the men had been convicted because of their foreign birth and radical beliefs, not on solid evidence of criminal guilt.
In the aftermath of the trial, as legal appeals delayed sentencing, a mounting body of evidence indicated that the wrong men had been apprehended. Key prosecution testimony was retracted and new evidence was produced that was favorable to the defendants. Herbert Ehrmann, a junior defense attorney, built a strong case against the Morelli gang of Providence, which specialized in stealing shipments from shoe manufacturers.
But the attitude of the authorities had become so rigidly set against the defendants that they turned a deaf ear to contrary views. Because of this, a growing number of observers, most of whom abhorred anarchism and had no sympathy with radical propaganda of any kind, concluded that the accused had not received a fair trial. The judge's bias against the defendants, their conviction on inconclusive evidence, their dignified behavior while their lives hung in the balance - all this attracted supporters, who labored to secure a new trial. At the eleventh hour, Governor Alvan T. Fuller conducted a review of the case, appointing an advisory committee, headed by President A. Lawrence Lowell of Harvard, to assist him. The Lowell Committee, as it became known, though finding Judge Thayer guilty of a "grave breach of official decorum" in his derogatory references to the defendants, nevertheless concluded that justice had been done.
As events moved towards a climax, the case assumed international proportions, engaging the passions of men and women around the globe. Anatole France, in one of his last public utterances, pleaded with America to save Sacco and Vanzetti: "Save them for your honor, for the honor of your children and for the generations yet unborn." In vain. On August 23, 1927, the men were electrocuted, in defiance of worldwide protests and appeals. By then, millions were convinced of their innocence, and millions more were convinced that, guilty or innocent, they had not received impartial justice.
With the passage of sixty years, one might have thought that everything that was likely to be known about the Sacco-Vanzetti affair had already been disclosed, every speculation laid to rest, every clue pursued to its inevitable dead end. Yet such a belief would be unwarranted. For, in spite of the unceasing flow of books about the case, it remains, as A. William Salomone has noted, a "great dark forest," large areas still unknown and unexplored. A deeper knowledge of the anarchist dimension, for example, of the social, political, and intellectual world in which the defendants lived and acted, would go far to explain their behavior on the night of their arrest, as well as the determination Of the authorities to convict them.
It was Fred Moore, Sinclair said later, who confirmed his own growing doubts about Sacco's and Vanzetti's innocence. Meeting in a hotel room in Denver on his way home from Boston, he and Moore talked about the case. Moore said neither man ever admitted it to him, but he was certain of Sacco's guilt and fairly sure of Vanzetti's knowledge of the crime if not his complicity in it. This knowledge had not prevented Moore from doing whatever he could to save the two men, perhaps including illegal activities. The entire legal system was corrupt, Moore insisted, assuring Sinclair that "there is no criminal lawyer who has attained to fame in America except by inventing alibis and hiring witnesses. There is no other way to be a great criminal lawyer in America."
Sinclair's decision to end Boston on a note of ambiguity concerning the guilt or innocence of the Italian anarchists - as distinct from his treatment in Oil! of the Morgan bombing - subjected him to a torrent of abuse from the left. His old friend Robert Minor learned of Sinclair's intentions and called him in California, saying "You will ruin the movement! It will be treason!" Sinclair told Minor that he intended to tell the story "objectively," not omitting the existence of "direct actionists" - "direct action" being the left's euphemism for violence - in both the anarchist movement and the Communist Party. Minor then did charge Sinclair with treason to the socialist cause, with cowardice, and with outright lying. But Sinclair's refusal to bend the truth as he saw it won him unusual praise from less biased observers, even those who were sympathetic to Sacco and Vanzetti.


Biography Alec Baldwin, ex Kim Basinger, husband of Hilary Thomas, movies Relationship Status: married His father Alexander Ray Baldwin II was a teacher of history and sociology in high school, and also coached a youth football team.
A definitive timeline of Justin Bieber and Hailey Baldwin's relationship here's a definitive history of their relationship - which might give you a bit of an idea .. According to Hailey Baldwin's uncle and actor Alec Baldwin, his niece and Justin .
Alec Baldwin has a lot of good things going for him-- he's a great actor, the tabloids documenting his rocky relationship with his daughter, the.
Alec Baldwin has relationship advice for his niece, model and TV personality Hailey Baldwin, and her new fiance, pop star Justin Bieber.
Directed by Marc Klein. With Sarah Michelle Gellar, Alec Baldwin, Maggie Grace, James Naughton. A Manhattanite book editor finds her take on the game of romance changed after she lures the attention of an influential older man.
alec baldwin dating history. Chat show after all we had a peta event joanna rothkopf. 3, in nyc 28,.. Together in installment of starzs historical. , list of.
Kim Basinger says she and ex-husband Alec Baldwin are "cool" now, more to embarrass me and to disrupt my relationship with my daughter.
Kim Basinger was married to Alec Baldwin - - February Alec Baldwin married Kim Basinger in after they met on the set of 'The Marrying Man.
Alexander Rae "Alec" Baldwin III (ur. 3 kwietnia w Amityville) – amerykański aktor, reżyser, scenarzysta i producent filmowy, teatralny i telewizyjny.W znalazł się w magazynie People na liście najpiękniejszych ludzi świata, a w magazyn Empire umieścił go na miejscu listy najseksowniejszych gwiazd w historii kina.
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Kim Basinger Refers to Her Marriage to Ex Alec Baldwin as 'Sleeping about just how bad her relationship with the year-old actor became.
Alec Baldwin is engaged! The "30 Rock" star, who turns 54 on Tuesday, proposed to year-old girlfriend Hilaria Thomas over the weekend on.
Find below her dating history including flings she had and dating rumors connected to Paul Nicholls, Shaggy, Craig Bierko, Alec Baldwin and Stephen Doff.
Angel Haze didn't enjoy having a relationship with someone else in the industry because it was "invasive".
a total contrary to her professional career, Ireland had a jumbled dating history. Ireland was previously in a gay relationship with rapper Angel Haze. She is the daughter of famous actor Alec Baldwin and Kim Basinger.
Who Alec Baldwin dated; list of Alec Baldwin loves, ex girlfriends; breakup rumors. The loves, exes and relationships of Alec Baldwin, listed by most recent. This list contains information about Alec Baldwin's famous exes like Kim Basinger and Kristin Davis.
Entertainment Biography Child Dating History He Considered Suicide Over Rude Pig Baldwin still have married for Alec again Germain i would have it any .
She is NOT the daughter of Alec Baldwin, which is something you may have thought at first since her last name is Baldwin, and the first person you think of when you hear that name is Alec Baldwin.
Hailey Baldwin Dating Timeline, Ex-Boyfriends, Relationship History Back in October , Alec Baldwin's niece was reportedly hooking up.
Most people introduce their new girlfriend to their friends face to face, but not if you're Alec Baldwin. The year-old Hollywood actor decided.
The bad-boy life isn't entirely in the past, but Alec Baldwin is on a roll—with love, activism, Baldwin's father was a high-school history teacher, and the original Alec Baldwin. She also dated Baldwin and remains friendly with him today.
How come Alec Baldwin always gets away with it? In April, a month after Ireland split from boyfriend Slater Trout, the messages started flying.
Alec Baldwin treated himself to an early birthday present over the weekend: an engagement to his year-old girlfriend Hilaria Thomas. An NYU grad who studied dance and art history, she met Baldwin in early while.
Hailey Baldwin Height Weight Body Statistics. Hailey Baldwin Height m, Weight kg. See her all boyfriends' names, trivia, and entire biography.


Hisaronu might be small in size, but it's big on character and it certainly knows how to let the good times roll. You'll find it just inland from Turkey's Turquoise Coast perched on the side of a mountain. It's a stone's throw from the famous Blue Lagoon and 10 minutes away from the beautiful beach at Ölü Deniz. The resort is bright and vibrant, packed with shops, bars and restaurants and attracting holidaymakers from all over the world. However, once the sun dips below the horizon, the nightlife Hisaronu hides during the day bursts into life, flooding the main street with the sounds of music and laughter.
The great thing about the nightlife Hisaronu harbours in its main drag and backstreets is that unlike other resorts, it's not just full-on, club-centric pounding tunes and foam parties. Before you hit the dancefloors, there's plenty of opportunity to enjoy a quiet drink in spots like the London Garden Bar and the Black Pearl. While things do liven up as the evening wears on, you can kick your night off with a cool cocktail and gently get into the swing of things.
When it comes to nightlife, Hisaronu has earned itself a reputation for being among the best. You'll find the majority of the biggest clubs along the main street, with the three main players being Zombie, Time Out, and Grand Boozey. A cross between a cocktail bar and a club, Zombie is where you go to see a great dance show, shake your stuff to some top tunes; and enjoy a superb range of drinks. If inside gets too hot for you, it has an outside seating area, where you can cool off.
Boasting the best strawberry daquiri in Hisaronu, the Time Out bar is the perfect place to ramp things up a notch. On top of a buzzing, busy dancefloor, they hold karaoke sessions so you can give your vocal cords a workout before cutting loose.
The Grand Boozey appeals to the young, trendy crowd, pumping out the best in club tunes until the early hours. As its name suggests, they're well stocked and do a good line in hand-made cocktails.
Once the night's over, you'll find there are a good selection of late-night/early-morning eateries selling food that'll keep you going for a few more hours and help you recover the next day. You'll find everything from burgers and pizzas, to curries and Chinese food. However, a traditional Turkish kebab is possibly the best way to ensure you're ready to party again, the following night!


text:
Petitioning Beijing
Police Greet With Force Sea
Of People Airing Local Grievances
By Matt PottingerStaff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
BEIJING -- Chinese police are resorting to violent tactics to cope with the increasing number of protesters who show up in the capital each day, highlighting stress fractures in a national justice system ill-equipped for China's transformation into a capitalist society.
A continuing police campaign to sweep away thousands of petitioners ahead of a key meeting of Communist Party leaders next week has surprised human-rights activists for its scale, duration and tactics. The activists allege police are using electric batons and tranquilizers to shepherd people onto buses to be taken home.
Even before the campaign started a week ago, sporadic confrontations between police and petitioners resulted in violence. Witnesses say that in one incident last month, they saw an old man throttled to death by officers at the Supreme Court. The Wall Street Journal has submitted questions to the government about that assertion.
As petitioners are ferried out of the capital, others continue to arrive in search of redress for unresolved conflicts with provincial governments.
The pilgrimages to Beijing are a side effect of a judiciary that enjoys little independence from the ruling Communist Party -- a system that makes it hard for plaintiffs to receive fair hearings in local courts on matters such as corruption, land seizures, taxation and unpaid wages. One result is a stream of people who journey higher and higher up the bureaucracy in search of a righteous official who will hear their complaints and deliver justice.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Its biggest advantages are low operational costs and their attractive purchase prices. Therefore, the SMARTJET series is recommended when manufacturing at your own account, where the independence from suppliers, adjusting the manufacturing deadlines to your own requirements, cutting expenses and transport-related risks are the most significant.
Cutting glass and metal will become much easier!
If you care about low operational costs and an attractive purchase price.
If cutting speed is also required, apart from the attractive waterjet cutter purchase price and low operational costs, then check out the possibilities of the the POWERJET series.


text:
OMG! Jamaica's Toni-Ann Singh Wins Miss World 2019
Photo Credit: BBC.com
Mainstream and social media across the globe are a buzz with the news that Jamaica's Toni-Ann Singh copped the prestigious Ms World title earlier today in London, England.
Toni-Ann won ahead of France, second, and India third in the glitzy Ms World event.
111 countries contested the 69th edition of the pageant.
The 23 year old Toni-Ann is actually is the fourth (4th) Jamaican beauty queen to be awarded this coveted title.
The others prior, in chronological order, were Carole Joan Crawford (1963), Cindy Breakspeare (1976) and Lisa Hanna (now Member of Parliament) in 1993.
She was selected to be Jamaica's contestant when the won the national title at the coronation in Kingston earlier (September 21) this year.
Ms Singh, who is from Bath in the parish of St. Thomas, is a graduate of Florida State University where she studied psychology and womens studies.
Before winning the title, she was reportedly taking a break before pursing medicine.
She tweeted, "To that little girl in St. Thomas, Jamaica and all the girls around the world - please believe in yourself. Please know that you are worthy and capable of achieving your dreams. This crown is not mine but yours. You have a PURPOSE." (Twitter)
Social media is on fire right now, but you and I don't want to guess what's happening in St. Thomas at this time.
In the meantime, let's raise of voices and say, CONGRATULATIONS TONI-ANN!
I welcome your comments.
Comments for OMG! Jamaica's Toni-Ann Singh Wins Miss World 2019
we did it - again
by: proud jamaican
to the world!
Join in and write your own page! It's easy to do. How? Simply click here to return to Jamaican News And Events.


Diabetes and foot management: Knowing the signs of unhealthy feet.
Nearly 29.1 million people in the United States are patients with diabetes. Unfortunately, an average of 180 amputations are done a day in the United States on patients with diabetes. According to the Centers for Disease Control, diabetes is the seventh highest cause of death in the United States.
Why is an amputation sometimes necessary?
An amputation is necessary when a foot ulcer develops into a non-healing wound. A foot ulcer is an open sore on the foot that increases in damage the longer it goes untreated. Typically, non-healing wounds are the result of loss of feeling in the feet. This is called neuropathy, a disease that affects the nervous system that causes loss of feeling. Therefore, patients with diabetes are more prone to foot damage, which in extreme cases, can lead to an amputation.
What are the signs of damaged feet?
A foot ulcer looks like a red crater on the foot. Typically, they occur on the side or bottom of the feet and are very painful. Patients that suffer loss of feeling in their feet may not feel the crater, allowing them to get worse.
Often times, the crater is bordered by calloused skin, resembling a blister. If a crater is detected, get medical attention to the foot immediately. Craters can extend so deep they can eventually expose tendons and bones, often leading to an amputation.
How can I prevent foot damage?
Indiana University Health Ball Memorial Wound Healing Services is offering free foot screenings on May 7 from 8 a.m. to noon at its office at 2901 W. Jackson St. The screening is available for anyone; however, individuals who have suffered calf or leg pain or numbness while walking; diabetes mellitus; leg or foot ulcers; no previous peripheral artery disease and are more than 65 years old or are a smoker over the age of 60 are particularly advised to attend.
To make an appointment, please call the IU Health Ball Memorial Wound Healing Services at 765-751-5010. Space is limited, so you must have an appointment for a physician so see you for a screening.
Dr. John Eliades is the medical director at IU Health Ball Memorial Wound Healing Services.


Apple Inc (AAPL.O) said on Thursday it would invest $1 billion to build a second campus in North Austin, Texas and another $10 billion for new data centers over the next five years, as it aims to create 20,000 jobs in the United States.
The announcement follows a promise by Apple in January to invest $30 billion in the United States and comes as companies with major manufacturing operations outside America have been facing political pressure to ramp up investments at home.
"Apple plans new $1 billion campus for Austin, Texas." Aishwarya Venugopal, Reuters.com, 2018-12-13.


Australian coffee culture is so profound that well-equipped competition will always grind the amateurs. At Barista Supplies we are passionate about brewing the perfect espresso and understand that there is a community of coffee connoisseurs and home talent in dire need of the right barista tools.
Modern innovations in coffee brewing technology means that anyone using our hand-picked barista essentials should be able to whip up an amazing brew every time.
We're here to help optimise your day-to-day cleaning and brewing rituals with a series of neat gadgets and hand-tools—all for the sake of producing quality beverages that will entice the masses. With our help you can transform your establishment into a trendy locale for coffee drinkers and enthusiasts.
To improve café, restaurant, and shop operations our team has carefully selected the best products from the world's leading manufacturers to save you the hassle of trialling junk and sub-par merchandise. Choose from reliable, tested items rather than gamble on cheap alternatives. It's all about quality products at Barista Supplies.
Do you order coffee accessories, brewing gear, coffee tampers or cleaning and maintenance items in bulk? Have you considered becoming a wholesale account member? Members gain exclusive access to even cheaper and more competitive prices. We look after all of our customers. If you would like to become a reseller or are interested in retailing Barista Supplies products contact us.
We are proud to supply customers Australia wide with the best range of coffee accessories and barista essentials.
Looking for something in particular? We may be able to find exactly what you need. Let us know.


text:
As part of the R.A.A.F Development Plan, approval was given by the Air Board in May 1942 to develop 3 airfields in the Central Midlands of Tasmania. The airfields were developed at Valleyfield, Tunbridge, and Quorn Hall with an estimated total cost of £200,000.
Valleyfield was to be used as a long-range Fighter Squadron base, Tunbridge as a Dive Bomber Squadron Base, and Quorn Hall as a maintenance echelon for both squadrons.
The construction work for the airfield was largely finished by the following January. With the changing course of the war, the airfield was not used by any operational units. In November 1943 operational control and responsibility of the Tunbridge, the airfield was passed to the Number 7 Elementary Flying Training School which was based at Western Junction, now the Launceston Airport.
The airfield was comprised of three runways with taxiways and aircraft hideouts as shown in the plan below. The runways were aligned in the following directions – 135°, 52°, and 93°
Runways 135°and 52° are still visible on Google Earth satellite views but runway 93° is barely visible.
In the northern half of runway 135°, the main north/south runway is still quite visible and the northern end of this runway is used by the Soaring Club of Tasmania (Gliding Tasmania). Gliding Tasmania has also developed a 900-meter runway at 280°.
Google Earth image.


Kickstarter helps bring hundred of people together!
When people band together, pledging the various levels, allows for the accumulation of the funds from the many to be channeled to the creator of the project. Now, the creator has enough funds to initiate the manufacturing process.
While running the Planet 313 Kickstarter campaign I have ran across several folks that find it difficult to sign up onto the Kickstarter site and back the project.
I wanted to make sure that we had a step by step to help these folks get onto the site and back our project.
These steps will get you signed up to support our project on Kickstarter.com.
· If we do not reach the funding goal, your card will NOT be charged at all!
Who guarantees that the pledge level rewards will be fulfilled for Planet 313?


text:
Q: Binding class method to this in React I am sort of new to React and just started reading the Road to learn React free ebook. Anyway there is a part in the book where it says that in order to access this inside a class method, we need to bind class method to this. An example that is provided there clearly shows that:
class ExplainBindingsComponent extends Component {
    onClickMe() {
      console.log(this);
    }
    render() {
      return (
         <button
           onClick={this.onClickMe}
            type="button"
           >
          Click Me
        </button>
    );
  }
}

when the button is clicked, this is undefined, and if I add a constructor with this:
constructor() {
  super();
  this.onClickMe = this.onClickMe.bind(this);
}

I can access this inside a method. However, I am now confused because I'm looking at an example where there's no binding and this is accessible:
class App extends Component {

  constructor(props) {
    super(props);

    this.state = {
       list,
    };

  }

  onDismiss(id) {
    console.log(this);
    const updatedList = this.state.list.filter(item => item.objectID !== id);
    this.setState({list: updatedList});
  }

  render() {
    return (

        {this.state.list.map(item =>

                  {item.title}

                {item.author}
                {item.num_comments}
                {item.points}

                     <button
                         onClick={() => this.onDismiss(item.objectID)}
             type="button"
                     >
             Dismiss
                     </button>

        )}

    );
  }
}

Inside onDismiss I can print this without any problems, although I didn't bind it ? How is this different from the first example ?

A: Cause of these four characters:
 () =>

Thats an arrow function. Unlike regular functions, they don't have their own context (aka this) but rather take the one of their parent (render() in this case) and that has the right context.

A: When you declare as a function using () => it automatically binds itself to this.
Take a look here:
https://hackernoon.com/javascript-es6-arrow-functions-and-lexical-this-f2a3e2a5e8c4

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Store Manager for WooCommerce shopping cart keeps on obtaining new useful tools to constantly cheer up your business. Starting from version 1.11.0.811 it is possible to export orders from WooCommerce Store Manager into a CSV file using a special wizard. The procedure requires a few minutes and consists only of four stages.
How can I export order data from WooCommerce Store Manager into CSV file?
Choose 'Orders' in the upper grid of Store Manager and after that Press 'Export Data'. There will appear a wizard to assist you in carrying out WooCommerce order export.
Specify place to save file to. If you have a saved configuration, you are able to load it.
If you need to use FTP connection, find the corresponding box. If you tick it, the advanced FTP settings will appear. Fill them in and proceed to the next step.
Select .csv delimiter (comma or tab). It is also recommended to quote string values to secure correct file opening.
Add the order fields you want to export using special buttons or simply drag them to the export grid. If you added unnecessary fields, you can easily remove them from the export file. Besides, it is possible to add or remove all the fields in one strike.
In case you need to add fields with simple/extended expression, find the corresponding buttons in the upper grid of the wizard If you press them, there will appear Expression Editors for simple and extended fields relatively. Use the expression field to enter SQL statements in both editors.
if you are not familiar with creating expressions, use the hints below in the editor. In case they are not enough, select SQL Help button or simply press F1.
Run visual query builder etc.
If you need some assistance, use the integrated SQL help.
Check out order export options letting you specify which records you would like to export (all records or selected only). If you need to change date & time formats, open advanced options and fill in the values. In case something goes wrong, just return to these settings.
If you open advanced options, you will find date & time formats and their separators. You can either change them or leave the default settings. In case you changed the formats and after that something went wrong in the process of export, just return to these settings and change them again.
You can save the configuration to file, if you wish to.
Press 'Finish [Page Down]' to complete the procedure.
If you are running a latter version of WooCommerce Store Manager, update it to version 1.11.0.811 and let this helpful innovation contribute to managing your POS.
Update your Store Manager for WooCommerce to v.1.11.0.811. to manage your orders more effectively.


Below you'll find details around some of the important factors that went into calculating the ranking score for Great Escape Yacht Charters.
The Great Escape Yacht Charters experience has a total of 9 reviews. There are 8 valid reviews that are included when calculating the ranking score and 1 invalid review that are excluded from the calculation. Reviews can be excluded only when a reviewer is not verified or after an investigation by our team determines the reviewer is not genuine.
The raw data average (mean) for all the Great Escape Yacht Charters valid reviews is 91.25% and is based on 8 valid reviews. This value is not used to calculate the ranking score and it only provided here as a comparison to the weighted average.
Within the 8 valid reviews, the experience has 5 face-to-face reviews collected during interviews by our team.
The raw data average (mean) for all the Great Escape Yacht Charters face-to-face reviews is 88.00% and is based on 5 face-to-face reviews. This value is not used to calculate the ranking score and it only provided here for comparison purposes.
A reasonable number of reviews are necessary in order for the average to be credible and for an experience to take a prime position within the ranking tables. As such, experiences with only a few reviews have a moderated score. This does not mean that the experience or the reviews can't be trusted. The Great Escape Yacht Charters experience has plenty of reviews and does not meet the criteria for any adjustment.
There may be an adjustment if an experience hasn't received any reviews within the last 60 days. However the Great Escape Yacht Charters experience does not meet the criteria for any adjustment.
The Great Escape Yacht Charters experience has been adjusted for 91 days. Adjustments are according to the following table.


text:
Not to be outdone Fox released a trailer for Orville at the Comic-Con San Diago. The space adventure returns this winter. Catch an all-new season premiere on SUN, DEC 30th only on FOX!
Season 2 is the upcoming season of The Orville on Fox. It is expected to continue the adventures of the USS Orville as it explores space, discovers new worlds, and battles the Krill. The Orville was renewed for a second season in November of 2017. It is slated to premiere on December 30, 2018, shifting to a midseason (as opposed to fall season) schedule.
© FOX
The upcoming season will have at least 14 episodes though the exact number ordered is unknown. The first season had 13 episodes but the twelfth episode was moved to the second season, meaning that the second season will have at least 13 new episodes in addition to one already-produced episode.
Godzilla: King of the Monsters Trailer


text:
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          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">

    <activeProfiles>
        <activeProfile>heroku</activeProfile>
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</settings>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


ED officials said Nirav purchased Bailey Bank & Biddle through a shell company and his brother Nehal was made one of the directors in the jewellery retailer.
The Raigad collectorate on Friday afternoon began demolishing Nirav Modi's sprawling seaside mansion in Kihim in Alibaug. District collector Vijay Suryawanshi issued the demolition orders after the Enforcement Directorate (ED) handed over the property situated in neighbouring Raigad district.
Nirav Modi filed a response before the PMLA court opposing the ED's complaint to have him declared a "fugitive economic offender" under the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act.
Officials said ED investigators will soon get issued Letters Rogatories (judicial requests) for legal formalisation of the attachment of the foreign based asset.
Modi argued that as per the FEOA, a complaint under the said act may be filed by the director or any other officer not below the rank of deputy director "authorised" by the director.
.External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj had met Foreign Minister of Antigua and Barbuda E P Chet Greene last month on the sidelines of the 73rd session of the UN General Assembly and raised the issue of extradition of Choksi, who is currently in the Caribbean island.
Nirav was negotiating to get custody of the diamonds in Hong Kong and had sent Nehal Modi, his US-based stepbrother, to handle the crisis.


Lippi was buried on the right side of the transept. She and the Child, who is posed with infantile grace, constitute the principal object of veneration and of vision. Harris: Well, and gone are those byzantine elongations of the face and the hands. On the back of the panel there is an autograph charcoal sketch of a female figure. His skill in portrait-sketching helped to eventually release him. What is the significance of the transparency of the halo and veil? She and the baby are placed in the foreground of the painting, but the architecture is replaced by a drapery backdrop.
Her own hair is not shown at all. Both his parents died when he was still a child. Style of Agostino di Duccio Madonna and Child, 1460s or later Marble, 72 x 57. The close of Lippi's life was spent at Spoleto, where he had been commissioned to paint, for the apse of the cathedral, scenes from the life of the Virgin. Here we are, we're moving toward the high renaissance, where we'll have the complete disappearance of the halo with Leonardo da Vinci, but here with Fra Filippo Lippi, the halo is becoming just a simple circle that we can just barely make out, above Mary's face and also around Christ. Pictures were an aid, even a cue, for prayer; some paintings or frames were inscribed Ave Maria, gratia plena Hail Mary, full of grace , words recited in the rosary and other prayers. The clearly marked drawing has a great importance in the painting of Filippo Lippi.
When I look at that, I can see that. Jacopo Sansovino Madonna and Child, c. My favorite passage in the painting is actually the translucent fabric that she wears in her hair and the amazing lines and curves as that winds down around her neck and comes down in front of her. I mean, you would never have an artist, during the medieval period, do something like that. Lippi was buried on the right side of the transept, with a monument commissioned by Lorenzo de' Medici.
The Madonna and Child were common subjects of most of the great artists of the time including Lippi. Follower of Donatello Madonna and Child within an Arch, mid-15th century Gilt bronze, 20. In 1457 he was appointed Rettore commendatario of S. The warmth and protection of her caress to the Child's body can be felt, and Jesus accepts this security as He reclines in the safety of his Mother's arms. The connection is expressed so clearly, so thoughtfully, in the manner of modeling every aspect of their features.
Because of this, when he was doing something for Cosimo de' Medici, Cosimo had him locked in so he wouldn't wander off. Lives of the saints, which were widely read, also indicated by example how images should be used. My attention is always drawn to the different expressions on the faces of the two babies who are most prominent. He began by portraying the sublime devotion between Mother and Child. Filippo has replaced sharp lines with soft shadows that define the garment folds, and he creates depth with light to dark allusions.
Besides, it appears more likely that not the Madonna in the Louvre but a S. His lust was so violent that when it took hold of him he could never concentrate on his work. It is a clear life like painting because the artist has created the features of the subjects and the backgrounds in a realistic manner. He began work on a series of frescoes for the choir of Prato Cathedral and also met Lucrezia Buti, a lady placed under the guardianship of the local nuns. What is gifted to your reader is more than the enjoyment of good literature. Margherita in that city, where he met , a beautiful of the Order and the daughter of a Florentine named Francesco Buti. He, on the other hand, looks out to connect with the viewer directly and immediately.
Reliefs of the Virgin and Child The focus of this unit is on painted representations, but Renaissance citizens would have seen large numbers of sculpted images as well, both at home—if they were wealthy enough—and in public. This is now generally regarded as a fable, and indeed, a vendetta upon a man aged sixty-three for a seduction committed at the age of fifty-two seems hardly plausible. Behind them is a beautiful landscape inspired by Flemish paintings. The Virgin Mary stands in front of a wall with an indention and there is a shell like pattern that frames her heard to give the impression of a halo. A Gift for the Magus.
Eventually Fra Filippo quit the monastery, but it appears he was not released from his vows; in a letter dated 1439 he describes himself as the poorest friar of Florence, charged with the maintenance of six marriageable nieces. The picture of the Virgin and Infant with an Angel, in this same gallery, also ascribed to Lippi, is disputable. Mellon Collection Image courtesy of the Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art Andrea della Robbia took over the popular and profitable business of his uncle Luca , who developed the technique of glazing terra-cotta reliefs. Again, the soft caress of Mary's hands are illustrated in the way she holds the infant close to her body. Thank you for what you do. A life of Saint Catherine of Alexandria described an episode when a hermit told her to pray before the painting of the Virgin and Child he had given her in order that she receive a vision of the Christ Child. I feel that it is still a relevant subject today and I see this look in many faces in the present.
The colors of the background are red, green and a light grayish stone color which symbolizes the closeness of the mother and child to that of nature. It documents a precise phase of the artists career before the influence of Fra Angelico became prevalent and before the artist began to distance himself from his interest in perspectival space. Images activated the spiritual imagination. Domenico — the Infant on the ground adored by the Virgin and Joseph, between Saints George and Dominic, in a rocky landscape, with the shepherds playing and six angels in the sky. His life included many similar tales of lawsuits, complaints, broken promises, and scandal. The decoration of a window pane was popular during the fifteenth century when the painting was done.
It always has seemed to be as though Lippi, when he wanted a model for the angels, went out and found a couple of kids playing in the street and brought them into his studio and made them pose. Lippi uses shadows around the facial features of the Madonna to create her sad countenance. A group of bystanders depicted at the funeral includes a self-portrait of Lippi, together with his son Filippino and his helpers, and. The close of Lippi's life was spent at , where he had been commissioned to paint scenes from the for the apse of. A very beautiful woman, but a real woman nonetheless. Despite the attempts of her father to recover her, Lucrezia remained with Fra Lippi and bore him a son, Filippo c.


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Meghan Markle's trusted female bodyguard is set to quit her job.
She has been spotted beside Meghan and Prince Harry's sides regularly but now The Sunday Times newspaper is reporting that she is going to stop protecting them.
The news will come as a body blow to the former American actress who has already lost some key staff members.
Her personal assistant, Melissa Touabti, left Kensington Palace last year after just six months.
While her private secretary, Samantha Cohen, is also expected to leave later this year after 17 years of working for the British Royals.
A source revealed: "Unlike someone who has grown up in the royal family and has been used to having close protection from an early age, it can be quite constraining.
Meghan's protection officer, who is understood to be leaving the Metropolitan police, was described by colleagues as "brilliant" and highly regarded in the force.
Their female bodyguard had been directly protecting the high profile couple for the past six months.
Scotland Yard are actively looking for a replacement.


It was a very special time to spend two weeks in such an amazing place. It felt rich with possibilities.
The sea, the light, the dark, the constant noise of wind, motion and commotion lay down the foundation for my work. I walked. I stared. I painted. I tried, as ever, to avoid the patterns, ruts and familiar ways of working. I worked on many pieces primarily about the movement of the water against the fixed coastline – the agitation against the unmoving.
On the penultimate day storms arrived and by the evening there were Gale Force 11 winds which were exhilarating and terrifying. I packed up my art materials unable to work. The next day it was still strong but calming a little. I decided, rather than unpack all my paints I would just to do some monotypes and prints. I think these were the most successful works that I produced that fortnight. By the afternoon the storm had passed and a stillness had descended. I think it reminded me to absorb and observe, try not to overthink things and not to be so concerned about the final outcome.


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Health Insurance Companies in California Must Cover Abortions
Isha Aran
Filed to: AbortionFiled to: Abortion
California state insurance officials have made quite the leap in women's reproductive rights, dictating that insurance companies cannot sell group plans that exclude abortion and reversing a previous decision that allowed two Catholic universities to exclude elective abortions from their health care plans.
In a letter sent to seven insurance companies on Friday, Michelle Rouillard, director of California's Department of Managed Health Care declared, "Abortion is a basic health care service…All health plans must treat maternity services and legal abortion neutrally."
This news comes in light of Santa Clara University and Loyola Marymount University—both Jesuit institutions—deciding they were going to drop elective abortions from their coverage, and informing staff and faculty that they could individually pay for supplemental coverage from a third party provider. According to the schools, their insurance companies had cleared the decision with state authorities. But university employees objected (naturally). As reported by AP:
In her letter to the insurers, Roullaird said her department had "erroneously approved or did not object" to a small number of health insurance policies that excluded abortions. She asked the companies to review their plans, including any the department had already approved, to make sure they are in accordance with the new guidance.
The two insurance companies told the San Jose Mercury News (http://bit.ly/1t2Pjgu) that they would comply with the directive. Loyola and Santa Clara representatives said they would explore their options with Anthem Blue Cross and Kaiser Permanente.
Of course, pro-life groups Life Legal Defense Foundation and Alliance Defending Foundation are hopping mad and have threatened to file a civil rights complaint with the federal government unless of course the state decides to reverse their (already reversed) decision.
For now, good job California!
Recent from Isha Aran
What Is Time Even?
Sarah Sanders Goes on Fox News to Tell Some Lies About Civility
DHS Begs Us to Think of the ICE Agents Who DON'T Terrorize Immigrants


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Facebook F8 — A roundup of announcements and what it could mean for businesses.
On April 30th to May 1st, thousands of developers, journalists and other social media aficionados flocked to California for F8 — Facebook's annual developer conference.
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During the two-day event, we heard from Mark Zuckerberg as he delivered his keynote outlining the future of Facebook as a company and their family of products that billions use daily — the standout message from Zuck: the future of Facebook is private.
Given the turbulent landscape the company has been through since the Cambridge Analytica scandal, it's no surprise really that the company is shifting to focus on users privacy and whether you think it's a PR stunt or not — a huge amount of changes were announced to the platforms which will affect all of us.
In his keynote, Zuckerberg described the move as a shift from Facebook being the 'townhall' of society to more of a 'living room' where you interact with those who you care about in more of a private and curated space. For advertisers, this should not be seen as a move to close off brands, but a push to create branded content and ads that resonate with your audience, something we have always focussed on here at Fluid. This way, not only will your content avoid annoying users but they will actively welcome it into their more private spaces, earning trust and increased brand affinity.
With all of that in mind, let's take a dive into some of the biggest changes coming and what we think this means for social media marketing and advertising in the near future.
Stories and Groups are a focus.
With the pivot towards privacy, Facebook launched a completely fresh design of the Facebook interface and branding. With it came a clear message that Stories and Groups are now taking centre stage as News Feed takes more of a back seat. We predicted this earlier in the year and what's key now is that your community management incorporates these — particularly with Groups. We have seen high engagement and valuable insight for those we have created for clients, such as the National Forest Adventure Farm Exclusive Members Group.
Forget E-Commerce, it's time to welcome Social Commerce.
Following on from the recent announcement of Checkout on Instagram, where a user can purchase items without even leaving the app, it seems that Facebook is pushing for further social commerce opportunities with the introduction of Product Catalogues for Whatsapp. This new feature will allow users to see the products a business has available on Whatsapp and, in turn, purchase products within the app — further reducing the necessity for a website, something smaller businesses should thrive on, but could prove useful for larger businesses.
New AR Functionality
If we've not mentioned it before, we love all things AR here at Fluid and our in-house CGI artists are always pushing the boundaries of how it can be used in a real-world setting. Up until now we've been using Snapchat to create Lenses for clients that have seen fantastic results, but it finally looks like we will be able to offer Instagram & Facebook AR Effects soon as the Spark AR Studio has been completely redesigned for both Mac and PC as well as Facebook opening up the beta for Instagram Effects. We'll keep you posted as to when we are given access to showcase this new platform.
Alongside the above headlines, we also saw Facebook move into Tinder's territory with the announcement of 'Secret Crush' which allows you to create a list of all your Facebook friends that you secretly fancy yeah, we're not sure that one will take off. The company also continued its growth in the VR space with the launch of the Oculus Quest and Rift S, which we can't wait to get our hands on and continue to develop our VR innovations for the property and leisure industry, watch this space on that one.
As always, if you're looking to harness the power of social media for your brand, whether it's campaign work that makes you stand out in a crowded market or ongoing paid social advertising that drives a real return to your bottom line — get in touch with Ben today to discuss how we can help you.
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Rights Denied: Dependant Adults Act Issue
Home > Dependent Adult Abuse > Rights Denied: Dependant Adults Act Issue
You may also be interested in our news story on Flora L'Heureux.
The Honourable Mr. Ron Stevens, QC
Minister of Justice and Attorney General
Room #208, Legislature Building
10800 – 97 Avenue, Edmonton, AB. T5K 2B6
Dear Mr. Minister:
On August 15, 2006, Ms. L'Heureux was assessed by the eminent gerontologist, Dr. David Skelton, in regard to mental capacity and capacity to live independently. She received a positive assessment.
Dr. Skelton wrote:
"On formal cognitive function assessment she scored within the normal range on MMSE (27/30), she was considered normal on the Geriatric Depression Rating Scale and showed no visuo-spatial limitations at all. Her present health status, her knowledge of her general affairs and her normal mood cause me to be very seriously concerned that at this time she is still restricted from independent functioning by the imposition of a Guardian and Trustee under the Dependent Adult legislation of Alberta. I would personally be prepared to support her if she if she wishes to approach the Courts for a reassessment of her status at this time."
We concur with this report.
Flora L'Heureux is 75 years old, she gets up every morning at 5:30 AM, makes her own coffee, and tests her blood sugar with a glucometer. (She made her own toast, now the facility makes it). According to the CNIB, Flora L'Heureux is legally blind.
She heads off to Norquest College to strengthen writing and reading skills (which were damaged by her illness and she says it is better to be doing something positive than just sitting around thinking.)
One thing she is not allowed to do, is spend her hard earned money.
She is responsible for herself in that:
she showers herself
does her own laundry
often prepares her own meals / salads
She monitors her own health care as she is allowed.
She did in fact refuse to take medications which had been prescribed for her, which are strongly contraindicated & harmful for Diabetes and COPD, the medications, Zyprexa and Mogadon.
One must question why this independent person is occupying a precious, long term care bed. (Transcript Page 5, Lines 2 – 24; Page 21 Lines 1 – 5)
When the Skelton Report was released, the Office of the Public Guardian objected to the assessment and gathered, "carefully collated", old Reports and assessments and submitted them to Dr. Skelton, who consequently reversed his decision. (See Transcript Page 12, L. 14 – 16). No copy of the submitted material was sent to Ms. L'Heureux's counsel.
The revised Report of Dr. David Skelton, dated October 28th, 2006 based on historical evidence some of which is almost nine years old, indicates that in essence there is the belief that an older, injured person cannot recover.
Why did no one go to the nursing home to inquire of Flora's daily activities?
Why did no one go to Norquest College where she attends daily for the 2nd semester?
This strongly indicates that the Office which accepted the Guardianship of Flora L'Heureux, does not know the person Flora L'Heureux.
Flora L'Heureux is a walking miracle of determination, a shining example of the triumph of the human spirit.
We respectfully ask your Office to issue a Ministerial Directive to the Office of the Public Guardian to withdraw their objection and allow Flora, who at 75 years of age scored a normal MMSE, to live her remaining years in peace. Flora suffers from angina, congestive heart failure, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal failure, osteoporosis, hypertension, generalized osteoarthritis, hypothyroidism.
Flora should not have to endure another assessment in order to attain her rights and access to her hard earned money.
Thank you. We would be grateful to be in receipt of a response to this most urgent matter by the 29th November, 2006.
Elder Advocates Of Alberta
Posted staff instructions, presently posted.
Dr. Skelton Report dated August 15,2006
Letter to Philip L'Heureux April 13, 2005 – re history of Flora (noting Zyprexa & Mogadon)
Selected Copy of Transcript of November 6th, 2006 Court
There are troubling inconsistencies regarding the various assessments of Flora L'Heureux.
Gerontologist, Dr. Skelton, on August 15, 2006 assessed her and finds a normal MMSE. Then, because of material submitted by the Public Advocate Pat Henderson, which in all fairness should have been copied to Counsel of Ms. L'Heureux, on October 2006, Dr. Skelton says, "Oops, I made a mistake."
The Dr. Darryl Rolfson Report of the U of A Geriatric Assessment Center, November 2004, recommended that she be "moved to less restrictive living."
Strangely, three months later, February 10/04, without again assessing or even meeting with Flora, Dr. Rolfson submits a Form I to the Office of the Public Guardian, which declares her to be "repeatedly unable to care for herself [..] demonstrated decline in cognition & independent day to day functioning." Prognosis: "Deterioration."
At the Court Hearing, November 6, 2006, Pat Henderson stated that the Rolfson Report was "a very full [assessment] one." Transcript P. 17, Lines 6-8.
However, Mr. Head denies this, claming "it was based on a lot of information given by third parties." Transcript P. 19, Lines 19-21. In fact it was because of the inadequacy of the Report that it had not been relied upon and it was the Office of the Public Guardian who required another assessment.
Furthermore, Ms. Henderson refers to the full "neuro-psychological assessment that was done in 2003 – that was Dr. White." Transcript P. 18 Lines 22-27.
We are familiar with the work of Dr. White. In 1999, we received a call for HELP from a Mrs Inga Dorcea Sondrop. She had been attending at Glenrose for 2-3 day outings, she was a most fragile 88 year old. In February of 1999, Trustee Officer Earnest Kambeitz arrived at her doorstep and wished entrance which Inga denied. He was serving her an Affidavit signed by Trustee lawyer Bev McNalley, indicating that her assets were to be taken over (seized) by the Office of the Public Trustee Court File No. #10381. Affidavits stated that they were relying on the information of a Form I, dated February 10, 1999 prepared by Dr. Sandra Kae White, psychologist. According to available records, Dr. White had carried out a neuro-psychological assessment on Inga Dorcea Sondrup.
There are many more details in regard to this account. Because we became involved, the matter was discontinued or whatever happens in such bizarre situations.
This is the same Dr. Sandra Kae White that damned Flora L'Heureux. Flora Maintains that Dr. Kae White used information which was obtained of Flora immediately following a stroke and then placed that information together with her alleged findings/report/assessment.
It is noted in Dr. Skelton's second Report, that in March 1998, Dr. Rowland Ikuta, a geriatric specialist found that "the patient (Flora L'Heureux) was competent in both personal and financial decision making. Dr. Ikuta did state that although Mrs L'Heureux had performed extremely poorly in past assessments, she seemed to rally when her independence was threatened."
Who performed 'past assessments'?
In our long experience, we have documented a litany of untrustworthy, unprofessional assessments and or irregularities, processes where seniors have had their rights and monies unfairly or even illegally taken/seized from them.
We have found that the system which allegedly exists to act in the best interests of and protect seniors, far too often fails to do so as in the matter of Flora L'Heureux.
Click to Enlarge Pages
Second Letter
The Honourable Mr. Greg Melchin CA,
Minister Seniors and Community Support Services
Re: Flora L'Heureux
Lynwood Nursing Home
Edmonton, AB T5R 2R8
Further to your correspondence of January 5, 2007. You suggest that the court provided direction regarding Ms. L'Heureux's situation which was to have a another competency assessment.
Please be aware, on August 15, 2006, Ms. Flora L'Heureux passed a competency assessment (attached) with flying colors and was most hopeful to regain her rights, her right to her estate, her monies and her status as a person.
However, the Public Guardian apparently was not satisfied with the assessment and gathered up and "carefully collated" material which was allegedly from Ms. L'Heureux's past and presented this to the eminent Gerontologist who had made the assessment. As a result of this added information, the Gerontologist reversed his decision.
So now the Court has ordered Ms. L'Heureux to have another assessment authorizing all past history to be included again. What point is there for her to take another assessment, she passed one successfully but was dammed by her past?
What hope is there for Ms. L'Heureux to ever pass an assessment and regain her rights?
We would be grateful to be in receipt of your response by the 31s of March, 2007.
Cc: Mr. Christopher Head
Court Transcript
Medical Report
Application for Renewal of Guardianship of Flora L'Heureux
Seniors Minister fails to investigate complaint by Dependent Adult against Public Guardian
Personal Directives Act
Powers of Attorney Act/ Irfan Sabir
Misspent Monies
Tags: Flora l'Heureux, Greg Melchin, Ron Stevens