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Emily Shaw
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Black Lives and Power
Posted on February 21, 2016	by Emily Shaw
I have been thinking about the increased visibility of power as a concept for months, now. It's the product of the steadfast focus on power in Black Lives Matter movement. Through this focus BLM achieves an exceptionally consistent sublimation of this broad theoretical concept into specific, everyday reality. I'm sure in the past people have done the same thing with "freedom." Now we have the same regular concretization of the concept of "power."
It's addictive, thinking more and more about power, all the time. I know it's not everyone's thing, but as for me, I like it so much I traded years of my young, potentially-profitable life going to school for it.
Thinking about power is at the heart of political science. When we study politics, we study the social distribution of resources — that is, "who gets what, when and how." The research we do aims to explain "who gets what"; who gets the majority of votes, the favorable trade deal, the tax break, or the prison sentence. This focus on "who gets what" can also be expressed as "who has the power to achieve what outcome." Describing the nature of power, then, becomes very important to being able to understand the thing you're studying. For people in academics studying legislative votes, you wrestle with Robert Dahl's equations. For people in academics studying organizations, you think dig Max Weber's description that power depends on defeating social resistance. (And for people in academics who use Google to discover there's a whole encyclopedia devoted to different definitions of power, you suddenly realize the definition of power itself is the site of power-struggle and enjoy the moment of irony.)
Power is such a critical concept because it's a word that stands in for an explanation of outcomes from competition–interpersonal, intergroup, or against an inanimate object or force. When two people or two groups have different preferences and one gets their way, we use the word "power" to describe that outcome. Conflict over resources–like money, status, or security–which leads to a distribution of those resources is the very essence of politics. Power is the measure of difference across the resources people obtain.
As a political movement, Black Lives Matter's sustained focus on the concept of power has been an important aspect of their work. They've made it a regular part of public conversation across a range of incidents and events, creating new interpretive openings into things white America had previously not viewed as ambiguous. One example of this is in the activists' repeated observation: "Watch whiteness work." Activists apply this phrase in cases where we see a white person experiencing judicial or social lenience– a lenience, which we know from repeated examples, is unlikely to be extended to similarly-situated black people.
When an activist points to whiteness "working," she invokes a person's race silently pushing the bad judicial or social outcome away. The whiteness displaces the opposing force. Like gravity, or electricity, it is invisible power. It is the achievement of a non-action in a case where there would otherwise be an action. With its implicit reminder of the contrasting black experience, what "watch whiteness work" does is show us something that we can't ordinarily see: the arrest not made, the threat not perceived.
When we don't see this difference, we are not aware of the role of power in the interactions we have with each other, with law enforcement, with policymakers, with our current and potential employers, with our teachers, with our landlords, with our judges and juries.
Once it's dialed in as a focus, though, you can see it in everything.
(Next time! The rhetorical value of "privilege" over "power.")
Understanding the 2014 Maine gubernatorial vote (update: now including omitted bear-iables)
Posted on January 18, 2015	by Emily Shaw
Now that the election dust is settled — and while the policy dust is being kicked up — what can a closer analysis of the November results tell us about who wants what in Maine?
I'm going to use the election results, plus existing contextual data, to talk about the two big questions: 1) what drove voter turnout? and 2) who were Gov. LePage's new supporters? Both of these questions remain highly relevant for legislators considering the governor's policy plans.
A third question concerns the political impact of changes to municipal revenue sharing. The governor has been an avowed foe of municipal revenue sharing since arriving in office and, just as he did in 2012, he is currently advocating for the elimination of the program. As I've spent a fair amount of time thinking about municipal revenue sharing, I was curious to discover if the towns that faced the hardest consequences of that change – either in terms of reduction of direct revenue from the state or in terms of property tax increases – responded by voting against the governor.
By combining data from a variety of sources, we can see relationships between the political, economic, and demographic features of Maine municipalities.
The first thing to observe is the clear power of incumbency. Support for Gov. LePage improved across the board, with only 15 of the 457 municipalities I studied giving him a lower level of electoral support. Votes in 2010 strongly predicted votes in 2014.
Beyond this, however, there is some evidence that the prediction that municipalities with a larger proportion of older residents are not more supportive of Gov. LePage. In the 2014 elections, there was a weak negative relationship between votes for LePage and percentage of municipal residents over age 62.
This relationship is difficult to see because of the highly visible and significant political counterexamples of Portland and Orono, both with very low median ages (36 and 21!) relative to the rest of the state. However, characterizing older Mainers as being uniformly conservative looks to be fairly inaccurate; meanwhile, younger sections of western and southern Maine are far from uniformly liberal.
Wealth was another interesting variable to examine. Towns with a higher percentage of older residents also tend to have lower median household incomes, suggesting higher incomes and support for LePage might travel together. At the same time, Maine's higher income areas tend to be in areas with higher levels of support for Democratic candidates.
Comparing the 2010 vote with the 2014 vote provides insight here. While, on average, the higher a community's average median household income the lower its level of support for LePage in 2014, this was much less true than it was in 2010. Either because of the collapse of the Cutler candidacy–or because they had come to like him as a candidate–a number of residents of higher-income municipalities switched to supporting LePage in 2014. Wealthy towns moved further towards LePage in 2014.
At the same time that we see the emergence of a break between older and poorer and younger and wealthier Maine, the interesting and contradictory element suggested by the election results is that while older voters were not more likely to support LePage, they certainly were more likely to turn out for the election. For every additional year in median age of municipal residents, turnout increased .6%. This was literally visible in the numbers for our youngest and oldest municipalities: moving from the municipality with the youngest median age (Orono) to the oldest (Ogunquit), we see an increase in turnout from 38% to 68% of the towns' registered voters. The higher voting levels among older voters is consistent with the "traditional voter" hypothesis, which states that older voters vote as a matter of routine and therefore are most likely to turn out for the more local, non-presidential elections.
As for the third question, I was surprised to find that neither the loss of municipal revenue sharing nor increases in property tax appeared to have electoral consequences at the municipal level. Despite the strong effort by actors like the Maine Municipal Association to link the governor's reduction of municipal revenue sharing to harder times for municipalities, those efforts were not visible either in the relationship of lost municipal revenue to votes or increased local taxes to votes. It would be useful to know more about this dynamic, to find out how people in towns facing the greatest loss of state support felt about those changes– or if they are even aware of them. Certainly as advocates gear up for a fight over new tax proposals, they should be aware that current strategies appear to not have fully got traction with voters (at least as of last November.)
In case you were interested in looking at more potential relationships I am including the dataset I used to explore these relationships. If anything interesting stands out to you in the numbers below, please share it in the comments!
UPDATE: I cannot believe I forgot to look at the bears. With municipal level data it is much more possible to identify the effect of interest in Question 1, the bear-baiting measure, than it was with the county-level data. So what was the effect of the highly contentious ballot measure on turnout and support for LePage? Was it a game-changer?
It totally was. If 2010 vote for Gov. LePage predicts nearly two-thirds of the 2014 vote, and increased warmth towards LePage in wealthier towns added a bit more, adding in votes to support bear-baiting adds still ADDITIONAL predictive strength. Controlling for people in the town who voted for LePage in 2010 and the power of median municipal household income, every four votes against Question 1 predicted an increase of 1 vote in support of Gov. LePage.
Opposition to bear-baiting also drove turnout. While the age of municipal residents was the variable with the highest power for predicting 2014 turnout, and municipal median income was also important, percent opposing Question 1 (and supporting bear baiting) predicted an additional and substantial piece of turnout: 17% additional turnout, moving from the condition of highest support to the highest opposition to Q1. (An additional effect appeared to come from the lack of interest by independents. Municipalities with the highest proportion of "Unenrolled" voter registrants were much less likely to turn out to vote, controlling for the above-mentioned variables.)
Now, while it seems that attitudes about appropriate methods of killing bears may in fact have had a very substantial impact on the vote, it is not immediately easy to tell if it is actually responsible for the governor's margin of victory. In order to figure it out, one would need to calculate the increased turnout for each municipality by first estimating an effect size for each municipality and then converting that into actual number of votes relative to each municipality's population size. I think the spreadsheet contains all the information you would need to do that, so if anyone feels like taking it on that task, please feel very free to do so! (And let me know if you do, of course.)
Obama, Third Parties and Bears, Oh My!
Posted on November 9, 2014	by Emily Shaw
The dust from the victory parties has settled. The governor has made some predictably gubernatorial statements. The election results have been fully experienced, if it will yet be some number of weeks before they actually show up on the Maine.gov election results site.
Luckily, we have the Bangor Daily News and Portland Press Herald unofficial election results. Putting these together with an official data record of the state's voting, hunting, and demography, what can we learn about exactly why Tuesday's vote turned out the way it did?
I'm interested in two outcomes: the vote for LePage which was not well predicted by polls, and Maine's high voter turnout, relative to the rest of the country. (Because there's nothing like seeing a national paper validate your prejudices about exactly which state is the Best State in America, I hereby forgive Reid Wilson for not citing my earlier post.) While there are lots of potential causes for both of these outcomes, I wanted to see what the evidence for them looked like.
Let's take the governor first. I identified three most likely causes for the substantial increase in support he enjoyed this election: anti-presidential sentiment; the impact of Cutler/anti-Democratic Party "Third Party"-type preference; and, of course, bears. (Please indulge me in putting aside the argument from incumbency for the sake of this post – it's obviously important, but it does not explain the details of variation in the governor's support.)
The impact of Maine's referendum on bear baiting was the most interesting potential reason discussed for increased support for LePage, theoretically achieved through the mechanism of increasing turnout in more Republican areas. There's an endogeneity problem with exploring this, however, since how do we know that energized LePage voters aren't simply more interested in supporting bear baiting?
Luckily, some of the old, wonderful Maine.gov DataShare site is still up and running. One of the more popular datasets on the site happens to be IFW Kills, a record of all of the registered hunting successes of the 2010-2012 period. This dataset lists all of the wild animals legally killed by date and location, giving us a very good picture of the geography of Maine hunting frequencies. I looked at the number of animals killed by county, and then divided each by population to get each county's per-capita hunting frequency.
Even though not all of the successful hunting trips up in Piscataquis, Somerset and Aroostook counties are conducted by people living there, we can anticipate that this is a pretty good representation of locations where a larger proportion of people would identify as hunters. And, in fact, counties' per capita reported hunting kills correlate pretty well with Tuesday's vote on Ballot Question 1. If there's at least one registered kill for every ten people in your county, then your county soundly rejected the measure.
However, was this relationship determinative for the governor's victory? Let's look at where Tuesday's new votes came from.
Gov. LePage's vote total on Tuesday, according to the BDN's unofficial count, was about 32,000 higher than Rep. Michaud's. Even though the governor gained votes in all of the counties, there just aren't enough voters in the serious hunting counties to create that difference.
Adding up new votes for LePage in 2014 from the two southern counties of Cumberland and York alone, however, nearly gets you all the way there.
Although Maine's most visibly liberal city is in Cumberland County, there are an increasing number of people in southern Maine (and in the former Democratic stronghold of Lewiston/Auburn, and in the area around the University of Maine, Orono) voting for a Republican governor.
This brings us to our second possibility: that Maine's "Independent" voters category has some meaningfully different preferences from those of Maine Democrats, and some of Cutler's southern supporters ultimately preferred a Governor LePage to a Governor Michaud. Despite the strong public narrative around Eliot Cutler's appeal to Democrats, it's important to consider the possibility that Cutler was also appealing to people looking for a socially liberal, but economically conservative, alternative to the Democratic party. Then, when Cutler was no longer viable, they voted for the candidate who would enact their economic preferences.
I compared two competing possibilities for explaining the governor's improved vote share. If the governor were gaining more votes from people who share his social conservatism, we should expect to see even more votes from the socially conservative counties which opposed the 2012 citizens' initiative to legalize same-sex marriage. Meanwhile, if the governor were gaining more votes from people who share his economic conservatism, we should expect to see more votes from places that, say, opposed the 2012 higher education bond issue.
2012 county level results on both of these measures do a pretty good job predicting the county level 2014 LePage vote, but rejection of the 2012 higher ed bond is a closer match. When we look at the same-sex marriage vote against LePage vote there are outliers, like Aroostook County which strongly opposed same sex marriage but supported Michaud at 43%, or Cumberland County which had fewer than 35% opposing same sex marriage but over 40% supporting LePage. For the economic question, there are no real outliers.
Looking at the past twenty years of gubernatorial elections in Maine, it becomes pretty clear that Maine has a persistent interest in candidates who occupy the socially liberal, economically conservative space. Totaling all third-party or Independent candidate votes together in each election, we have each of the Republican, Democratic, and 3rd Party/Independent categories averaging out to about a third of Maine's gubernatorial electorate.
This brings me to my final theory. What was the impact of national sentiment towards the president?
(Don't worry, there's no chart for this one.)
Looking at county vote share for Obama in 2012, I did find a small negative relationship between county vote for Obama in 2012 and an increase in votes for LePage in 2014 – in other words, there might be some direct anti-Obama sentiment in the vote for LePage – but it seems more likely that if there was an effect it was indirect and not directly corresponding to the 2012 presidential vote.
I've now covered the question of the increase in votes for LePage. I'm moving to my second question. What about our levels of turnout in general? Were there specific and identifiable causes increasing county movement to the polls?
Not that I could figure out.
People, this is still a mystery to me. I looked at bears, I looked at 2012 Obama support, I looked at social and economic conservatism, I looked at demographic change in counties between 2000 and 2010. Pretty much all of the counties increased their turnout between 2010 and 2014, with the exception of Knox and Oxford which decreased very slightly. Counties in both north and south were way up in terms of turnout. Central Maine was maybe a little less excited, but still turned out far above their 2010 levels. It was a good year for voting all around Maine.
And what's interesting is that it has, since 1998, been a better year for voting every midterm election in Maine. Despite national midterm turnout being flat over the last decade or so (with a substantial dip lower in 2014), Maine has been regularly increasing its voting turnout every midterm election since 1998.
For most states this would mean that the electorate was growing along with the state's population, but Maine's population isn't growing! According to the US Census, the state might even be shrinking a little.
So I leave it to you. What is it that explains Maine's steady increase in midterm voting? And did I miss something obvious that connects it to the election results?
(Update: If you're interested in seeing the data I used for this post, I've collected it in a single spreadsheet here. My sources are linked in the second tab.)
When do people turn out? When their votes matter.
When you're from Maine, it's hard to watch people pooh-pooh this year's turn-out. Mainers turned out in extremely high numbers for a non-presidential year, topping this year's election turnout contest. Why did they come out in those numbers, despite having just been through a ridiculously unseasonal snowstorm with inch-accumulation in the double-digits?
Why WOULDN'T you come out, would be the Mainer's answer, given the closeness of most of the state's major races? Not only did the state have a gubernatorial election that multiple sources touted as the tightest election in the nation, but there was an extremely tight race for Maine's second Congressional district — a representative who constitutes half of Maine's delegation to the US House — and then there was this unfortunately timed, recurring, yet extremely hotly contested ballot measure about bear hunting. (Personally, I am now considering this to be the election where the bears finally figured out how to get back at us.)
Competitiveness is a classic reason why people get excited about turning out for elections. When people know that their vote could be decisive, they have a greater interest in participating. This is a big reason why political scientists think gerrymandering depresses voter turnout.
So I knew personally about Maine. But how well does competitiveness predict the scale of other states' turnout figures?
To find out, I used the last week of polls posted at Real Clear Politics. Since we're talking about state-level turnout, most individual US House seat races wouldn't be effective to count, but I did include all polls for state races covering at least half of the state. This added up to 66 races for governor, US senator, or US representative for states with two or fewer US House reps like Maine and New Hampshire. It did not include bear baiting or any other exciting state-level ballot initiative, because RCP didn't include those polls.
I sorted all polls taken in the last week of these 66 races and, where there was more than one poll, chose the poll with the narrowest projected victory. I then scored all of these polls on a 0-5 scale according to their competitiveness: I gave a score of "5" to projected ties, "4" to races where the front runner was a single point ahead, and so on down to "0" for a projected vote spread of 6 points or more. This is what that looked like (click to sort.)
Because several states (like Maine) had multiple competitive races, I totaled their competitiveness scores together into a composite competitiveness index. This helped reveal that while states could have a few big statewide contests, it was possible that none of them was competitive. This was the case in South Dakota, for example, where the closest of the three statewide races was projected to be won by 11 points. Other states, meanwhile, had multiple competitive statewide races.
Here's what the ranking of states according to the competitiveness index looks like:
Based on a highly scientific eyeball test, this set of scores bears a passing resemblance to the initial state turnout rates collected by Michael McDonald and visualized at FiveThirtyEight. States with competitive elections were more likely to turn out in higher rates.
The correlation is certainly not perfect but it looks to explain a good chunk of the variation.
The biggest outlier in terms of high competitiveness–but relatively low turnout–was Georgia. The state has come under attack for "losing" some 40,000 voter registrations, making it the focus of the major election day condemnation from the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Election Protection project.
Georgia's outlier status therefore doesn't disprove the voter interest theory behind increased turnout. Instead, it suggests that voting is a two-way street. Even if you're interested in turning out to vote, your state also has to be interested in permitting you to do so.
Posted in Elections	| 1 Comment
Brunswick vs. Cape Elizabeth – and why campaign contribution numbers matter
Posted on October 25, 2014	by Emily Shaw
Two lovely coastal towns in Maine. What could they possibly have to fight over?
I personally would not have picked them to represent poles in our current gubernatorial election campaign, but some evidence suggests otherwise.
What evidence? Evidence available in information available as of last night, when the gubernatorial candidates' 11-day pre-election filings were made available online at the Maine Ethics Commission Public Disclosure site. (When I first started looking at them this morning, they were just in PDF form. By afternoon, they were all integrated and available as downloadable structured data – including even the new filings from today. Let's have a round of applause for the efficient and hard-working folks at the Maine Ethics Commission!)
Last week, in an attempt to observe any signs of a 2010-style surge in Eliot Cutler's support, I observed trends using information about the past several months of donations to the gubernatorial campaigns. The trends that I observed — that Mike Michaud had deeper reservoirs of committed Maine supporters as revealed through numbers of campaign contributions, and that they existed across a broader swath of the state — continue to be true for donations to the candidates made between September 17 and October 21.
There was a massive increase in the number of donations coming in during this final major filing. Paul LePage nearly tripled his donations from Mainers, collecting 1088 individual donations. Mike Michaud more than doubled his previous monthly record of 901, collecting 1916 donations in the 9/17-10/21 period. Eliot Cutler did see a small pre-election increase in donations, but not enough to match July, the month in which he collected the largest number of Maine-based donations.
These data confirm my observations from last week. If Cutler is going to see any surge, it certainly isn't showing itself in people trying to donate to his campaign in October. Meanwhile, Michaud and LePage are both witnessing a significant increase in the number of Mainers willing to take out out their checkbooks in order to make sure their candidate's the one to occupy the Blaine House in 2015.
With the larger number of records, it's also easier to observe concentrations of support for the candidates.
In my last post, I observed that Michaud was doing better along the midcoast than Cutler. The numbers that lay behind those maps that I made looked like this: zip codes, and then the quantities of individual donations from each zip code.
If you click on that table, it will bring you to a Google Fusion Table that lets you sort the columns by clicking on them. (Not sure why I can't embed it in WordPress post but I can't – if anyone wants to let me know how to fix that, I'd be grateful.)
The September numbers revealed the most general fundraising success for Michaud lying in the Portland area, but the largest number of Michaud donors from a single zip code came from Brunswick — 44 Michaud donations in September from 04011. Despite beating Mitchell by 10 points there in 2010, Cutler received just 7 donations with a Brunswick zip code. LePage received 6.
Cutler's base of Maine donations in September, meanwhile, came most from Cape Elizabeth (33 from 04107), Yarmouth (29 from 04096), and Falmouth (25 from 04105). In all three of those towns, he outpaced donations to Michaud during early September. Although he also got many September donations from Portland's West End and Deering neighborhoods (30 from 04102), Michaud got 47 September donations from 04102.
How did these dynamics change over the past month?
(Again, click on the numbers to go to a live Fusion Table where you can sort it by clicking on the column headers.)
Looking at the new month's records, we can observe very serious competition for the affections of Cape Elizabeth. In this final large pre-election filing, LePage received the most attention from 04107 donors, with 40 donations. Michaud tripled his number of donations from 04107, receiving 38. Cutler received 34 donations from 04107, which, although it was his largest single number of donors from any one zip code, put him behind the other two candidates with regard to October's Cape Elizabeth donations.
As opposed to the split opinions in Cape Elizabeth, Brunswick residents provided over 100 donations to Michaud's campaign. This represented five times the 21 Brunswick residents giving to the surging LePage campaign, and twenty times the 5 Brunswick residents giving to Cutler. Michaud's lead in donations from Portland residents (04101, 04012, 04103) and and the northern Portland suburbs also dramatically increased. Michaud received more donations from Yarmouth than either of the other two candidates in October. Michaud and LePage tied for donations from Falmouth with 35 each, while Cutler received 28.
Also of interest: in October, many more donations came from the town of Scarborough. Although Cutler carried Scarborough handily in 2010, Michaud raised significantly more 04074 zip code October donations (52) than either LePage (27) or Cutler (12).
Now, a last question. Does any of this matter at all? The demographic profile of campaign donors, especially with an incumbent in the race, is certainly quite different from voters at large. For example, I expect LePage's election-day support to be many, many times larger than what we're seeing in campaign donations, though the massive jump in number of donations during this last filing helps fill in some of the places where we would expect him to do especially well. (For example, in addition to the large increase in wealthy parts of southern Maine, we see lots of donations to LePage from Skowhegan in this filing.)
We can't, unfortunately, seek to compare the relationship of campaign donations to votes in the last Maine gubernatorial election. In 2010, Libby Mitchell ran as a Maine Clean Elections candidate, which meant that she raised donations in only a very cursory initial way. Furthermore, thanks to the US Supreme Court rulings that took important limits off of campaign finance, the role of campaign donations has skyrocketed in terms of its frequency, amount, and importance in the last several years' political campaigns. Maine's 2010 gubernatorial election simply doesn't offer a good comparison for understanding how campaign donations relate to votes.
I did try to think of a recent case where I would have access to both detailed campaign finance information and detailed vote information. I knew that the New York City Campaign Finance Board provides very detailed records that allow you to sort donations by date and location. New York City also had a very recent important election: their 2013 mayoral race to replace Mayor Michael Bloomberg. Since the Democrats were strongly favored to win this election, the interesting test lay not in the general election but in the city's 2013 Democratic mayoral primary.
I looked at donations going from residents of the city's five boroughs to the four most popular candidates running in the Democratic mayoral primary: Christine Quinn, John Liu, Bill Thompson and Bill de Blasio. I looked specifically at July and August, the last two months before the September primary.
I totaled the number of donations each candidate received for those two months, and then determined what proportion they had received of the total donations to all four candidates. Finally, I looked at the number of votes each of these four candidates received in the September primary, and determined what proportion each had received of the total votes to the four candidates. (I couldn't use their proportion of votes received overall, because there were nine candidates running and a number of candidates were written in on submitted ballots.)
And rendered visually,
In other words, there was a great deal of correlation between New Yorkers' donations and July and August and who they ended up voting for.
This is hardly rigorous proof of the validity of using local campaign donations to predict elections. This technique is highly speculative and still exploratory, and I think it might anyways be best suited to open races where nobody starts with the advantage of incumbency.
However, the New York correlation does show, I think, that local campaign donations in the post-Citizens United age can play a new role in understanding the flux and scope of local preference. In the Maine case, for example, I think you'd have to show that Cutler's supporters are less likely than Michaud or LePage supporters are to donate to their candidate in order to say that there's no predictive value here.
We'll certainly soon have an opportunity to know much more, in very specific detail, about the relationship between local campaign donations and voting behavior in Maine.
That, of course, is not by a long shot the most important outcome of this election. However, as a present resident of the District of Columbia, it's the only outcome that's left for me to reap directly. I know it's not for many of you. Nonetheless, at least by providing this information, I feel like I have done some civic due diligence and offered what insights I can.
Watching the electoral winds in Maine
In 2010, at just about this time I was conducting a poll of Maine's gubernatorial race at Thomas College with the help of about 40 political science students. We all learned a lot. What many of the students learned was that they never wanted to have a career that involved cold-calling people at home. What I learned, meanwhile, was a little bit more exciting and immediately consequential.
I learned that Eliot Cutler had pulled even with Paul LePage.
We were among the last of the polls in the field that year and maybe it was my students' persuasiveness, or maybe it was just luck of the draw, but our results ended up spotting the Cutler surge more effectively than any other poll.
Though my media skills were yet insufficiently developed to get this out into the local news, I immediately called my Democratic friends and family and told them to vote for Cutler. If they wanted to support an alternative to Paul LePage, I told them that the mass of non-LePage supporting voters had turned away from Mitchell and that they should switch their vote as well.
I was serving as an informal coordinating mechanism. And in this case, I was right. Cutler achieved an unprecedented 10 point increase between late October and November 2.
Why did I do that?
I felt the need to help like-minded voters coordinate. We desperately need coordinating mechanisms in a state like Maine, where races frequently see more than two strong candidates. Without an election method like ranked choice voting which lets voters choose their true preference without a negative consequence, our current system punishes sincere voters who vote for the third-ranked candidate by effectively removing their votes from the top-two candidate they would otherwise support. In other words, voting your top choice may help get your last choice elected.
Because of this unpleasant reality, voters mostly understand that they need to vote strategically. But how do you vote strategically if you don't know which two candidates have the most support? Without that information, voters are unable to tell whether their true preference is in the top two, or if they should instead vote for the least-bad alternative.
After Cutler's unprecedented surge at the end of the 2010 race, we have an especially strong need for this information since we know that the answer isn't always obvious.
The question Maine's Democrats and left-leaning voters need answered this week is: are we seeing a surge for Cutler similar to what we saw in 2010?
Without ranked choice voting, we must come up with imperfect ways to compare the candidates' likely support before election day. This is why polling Maine's gubernatorial race is so vitally important. Since I am not in Waterville this week to conduct this personal civic duty, I tried to come up with an alternative mechanism.
We can take a look at how people are voting with their wallets.
The huge increase in the amount and significance of campaign donations in Maine's elections since 2010 is generally very depressing, but in this case it might come in handy as an indication of how much committed support the candidates have across the state. While the profile of Maine campaign donors is not a great match for Maine voters more generally, it's a reasonable way to think about the range and depth of commitment across at least a meaningful and politically active segment of Maine's electorate.
In particular, it is useful as a gauge when we look not at how much money the candidates are raising, but how many Mainers are contributing. For this kind of use of campaign data it doesn't really matter how much an individual can give, because it's just a proxy for committed candidate preference. People might be able to give more or fewer dollars, but they can only vote once.
Finally, while we can use the Maine Ethics Commission data to look just at Maine donors, we can only know about those who gave more than $50, since the totals for those giving less than $50 don't come with address information. These small donors probably include a large number of Mainers, but without address information we can't be sure. (The totals of donations under $50 made to the candidates in 2014 were: LePage $12,060; Cutler $20,369, and Michaud $76,971.)
So how many Mainers gave more than $50 in the last few months to the gubernatorial candidates?
The numbers vary substantially, but for the last four months Michaud has generally received twice the number of donations made by the other two candidates.
This is not immediately obvious from looking at campaign donation totals. The average Michaud donation is substantially smaller than the average Cutler donation or average LePage donation.
This may lead to campaign contribution amount totals being a misleading measure of local support, since it suggests a lower number of contributors.
I also looked just at where donors were coming from in September and mapped the number of September donors in each zip code using Google Fusion Tables. This gives a sense of where support for each candidate is strongest, here close to the end of the race. (You can click on the maps to enlarge them.)
Number of Cutler donors, September 2014
Number of Michaud donors, September 2014
Number of LePage donors, September 2014
New donations will be filed with the Ethics Commission on 10/24, and I'm looking forward to taking one last look later this week at how support changed during October.
So what do campaign contributions tell us about how the wind's blowing in Maine this year?
They tell us that Michaud has witnessed the highest number of Maine donors in the last four months. They tell us that both Michaud and LePage have a stronger base of support across the state than Cutler, and that Michaud has the highest density of southern Maine support across the three candidates. This is a telling difference from 2010, when Cumberland and Sagadahoc Counties provided Cutler with a critical base of support. All up the coast, in fact, where Mitchell did more poorly than average in 2010, Michaud appears to have support.
So what's causing this difference?
2010 and 2014 began in very different ways. The 2010 gubernatorial primaries on both sides were fiercely contested, with astonishing levels of rancor and spending. The fact that three independent candidates joined the partisan candidates in vigorous campaigns throughout the race revealed the breadth of disagreement over the state's political future.
This time, meanwhile, the field settled quickly, with two partisan candidates who already enjoyed strong statewide support. The Republican party quickly confirmed Governor Paul LePage as the 2014 nominee, despite some early chatter about primaries. (Even with the governor's challenges, as national odds are strongly in his favor: since 1980, almost 80% of incumbent governors win re-election.) Maine Democrats, meanwhile, made up for their party's divisive 2010 primary by selecting Congressman Mike Michaud, a nominee whose six successive elections to represent Maine's second Congressional district demonstrated his electoral strength in the part of the state traditionally less friendly to Democrats.
Because of the strength and broad name-recognition of this slate of candidates, recent polls are showing that only between 3 and 5% of voters are currently undecided, and that suggests — contrary to 2010 — that if a large shift happens at the end of the race it will require a large number of people to vote away from their current preference.
It's not a poll, but I don't see a large shift in the direction of candidate support happening this year.
Shopping for Diversity
Posted on September 1, 2014	by Emily Shaw
Come with me as I daydream about real estate.
Real estate is excellent fodder for daydreaming. Entire professional fields are built on developing the glamour of homeownership, working off of the aspirational escapism of all of us poor hamsters stuck on the human wire wheel of status attainment. For recreational hausfrauen like yours truly, real estate websites offer the same seratonin hit that flipping through a J.Crew catalogue used to produce twenty years ago.
Me being me, my very favorite way to engage in this pastime is by exploring all of the websites and web gadgets that real estate companies have built up in the past few years using local data. Zillow and Trulia are the most developed examples of this I've seen, and what makes them so addictive is the illusion offer that you can specify exactly what kind of life you'd like to be able to lead in your new house.
My slice of demographic loooooves schools. Zillow's property finding tool excels at allowing you to specify schools that you'd prefer — on one very specific dimension. Through an integration with the Great Schools rating website, Zillow surfaces the ranking of local schools on standardized tests. Although I know only too well that these rankings are essentially simply reports on the local economic environment of these schools, my lizard brain nonetheless enjoys looking for 9s and 10s and exploring the local housing stock.
But perhaps you are not interested solely in schools. Would you like to specify the number of reported crimes you'd be willing to tolerate in your neighborhood? How about your commute distance, by car, public transport or bike? Trulia lets you filter for properties meeting a standard you choose for both of those variables. It definitely tries to maximize the number of qualities you could choose for, offering to find you zones of lower earthquake and fire risk, proximity to (or distance from) restaurants and nightclubs, and median neighborhood property price. (It also has a school filter, but it doesn't work as well as Zillow's for some reason.)
But for all of these choices, none of the real estate tools I've seen let me search for a feature that I really want in a neighborhood: racial diversity.
This is a huge potential selling point for housing in the DC area, and yet the real estate websites have yet to make this search option available.
Taken all together, the DC metro area is incredibly racially diverse – substantially more racially diverse than the US as a whole, in fact. Unfortunately, like many metropolitan areas, that aggregate diversity hides an on-the-ground reality of neighborhoods which are largely segregated by race. As events in Ferguson, Mo. tragically underscore, the interplay of race, mutual social isolation, and power is still a core American issue, and continued de facto racial housing segregation helps to contribute this dynamic. While no longer an explicit policy, decades of racially discriminatory housing law are effectively continued through the racialization of class and the dramatic difference in income for different kinds of city-based work.
You can see this de facto segregation in visualizations of DC's racial demographics, such as CUNY's Center for Urban Research maps using 2000 and 2010 data from the U.S. Census. A line runs roughly through the center of Washington DC, with most whites living on one side and most blacks living on the other.
From CUNY's Center for Urban Research, http://www.urbanresearchmaps.org/comparinator/pluralitymap.htm
That said, the DC metro area is getting better, at least as concerns black-white residential segregation. While the average white or black DC metro resident in 1980 lived in a neighborhood that was 70% made up of members identifying with their race, in 2010 that figure was down below 60%. (Meanwhile, though the DC area's Hispanic/Latino population increased over the last 10 years, people identifying in this category became more likely to live in more racially isolated neighborhoods.)
So what does this mean for casual real estate window-shoppers like myself? Well, some of us would like to be able to choose to filter not just for good schools and low crime, but also for diversity: for the neighborhoods and suburbs where our neighbors would reflect the true full range of people — and cultures, historical backgrounds, and experiences — that make up this place.
Trulia looks like it might have been exploring this option a bit a couple of years ago. In 2012, the company partnered with Forbes to look at "America's Most Diverse Neighborhoods and Metros," where the list of top-ranking neighborhoods linked to Trulia real estate listings. The next step will be linking that data with the rest of their data, so that potential customers can find the combination of factors that allows them to best maximize across preferences, including distance to work, transport options and school availability.
Once a "shopping for diversity" option exists, it will also need to include a consideration of whether a neighborhood's diversity is supported through policy or local tradition and therefore seems likely to persist, or whether its just a temporary artifact of a neighborhood moving quickly from ownership dominated by one race to another (like through gentrification created by rapid new property development.) This isn't to say that there's only one way to arrive at a diverse neighborhood, but if you're looking to support the existence of racially diverse communities then the duration of diversity in a place over a period of time might signal that it's a pretty stable quality of the location.
Anyway, even WITHOUT a dedicated tool (ahem!) I am able to use the excellent mapping tools that do exist elsewhere in order to casually explore the area. Using UrbanResearchMaps.org, I can look around and notice Germantown:
From CUNY Center for Urban Research: http://www.urbanresearchmaps.org/comparinator/pluralitymap.htm
Or the environs of Silver Spring:
Lots of possibilities!
Anyway, I am using this opportunity to speak directly to the real estate brokerage community out there. I know you're keeping an eye on me, since several of you out there seem to have purchased my email address. (And seriously, Asif Qadir, do I look like someone who's a good target for million dollar listings? Your automailer needs a few tweaks.) We should have a way to build a preference for diversity into our everyday choices, including housing.
Even if we're just window-shopping.
Sunlight Foundation Posts
Governor LePage
Maine Legislature
Two Maines
Voting Behavior


For one of my M.Ed topics I had to create a video that tells the story of the role of ICT in contemporary education. Considering the time that went into this, I thought I'd share it here as well.
I've already had it pointed out that even in this, an assignment about ICT, I've managed to bring in my strong views around social justice. My answer to that is that the story of ICT in education isn't complete without it being mentioned. I could create a video on just that.
I can't say that it was my favourite assignment ever, but I did get to fool around on GoAnimate for the first time (and learnt LOTS) so I can't really complain. If you've never had a look at it, I highly recommend it. The biggest downside is that it's a paid service so it's not super accessible for use with students. On the upside, it's quite intuitive and easy to achieve a reasonable looking result. And again, whilst I didn't enjoy the assignment, I will admit that the thinking involved in synthesising a story was an effective way of pulling together the semester's learning. I'm not sure that primary school aged children have the metacognitive capacities to pull something like this off, but perhaps I'm wrong. Anyone have any experience?
I'm also curious to speak with someone who's used both GoAnimate and Powtoon, for a comparison. I've never found Powtoon particularly easy to use so haven't ever persisted with it. Perhaps now that I've achieved a degree of success with GoAnimate I might find Powtoon more intuitive?
Can I also share that two out of my four topics for this semester are now FINISHED? (As in, no more classes, no more books, no more teachers' dirty looks... Ooops, they come from me when I realise we've still got an hour to go and I'm already so tired I could spit!) Actually, what I mean is that we've finished our classes and I've handed in all of the assignments. What a relief!
This is a tough post to relate to the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers because it demonstrates a high level of 'meta-reflection' on standards 1 through 4 & 7, but it's really about MY learning which is standard 6. *sigh* I'm curious to know how all y'all would link it? For now I'm going to relate it to everything other than standard 5, because it's the weekend and time to live it up a lil'!


We love sweet romances around here.
So it's no surprise that we adored Love & Gelato by Jenna Evans Welch, and can't wait to share Love & Luck with you. So we're giving you the opportunity to enter for a chance to win a paperback copy of Love & Gelato and an advanced copy of Love & Luck!


Rmax polyiso products can be found at both Home Depot and Lowe's locations. Product and thickness availability vary with each store. For assistance with a special order, please contact your store's Professional and Contractors Service Department. A Pro-Account representative will be happy to assist.


A vibrant viscose fabric of a floral pattern on a royal blue bakground. Great for summer dresses, skirts, maxi dress, loose trousers etc. Such a lovely drape on this fabric and will make any outfit floaty and pretty.


text:
package org.fcrepo.kernel.modeshape.rdf.impl;

import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.api.RdfLexicon.CONTAINER;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.api.RdfLexicon.CREATED_BY;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.api.RdfLexicon.CREATED_DATE;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.api.RdfLexicon.FEDORA_BINARY;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.api.RdfLexicon.FEDORA_CONTAINER;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.api.RdfLexicon.FEDORA_RESOURCE;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.api.RdfLexicon.LAST_MODIFIED_BY;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.api.RdfLexicon.LAST_MODIFIED_DATE;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.api.RdfLexicon.NON_RDF_SOURCE;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.api.RdfLexicon.RDF_SOURCE;

import java.util.Collection;
import org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Model;
import org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property;
import org.apache.jena.rdf.model.RDFNode;
import org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource;
import org.apache.jena.vocabulary.RDF;
import org.fcrepo.kernel.api.exception.ConstraintViolationException;

/**
 * Helper methods for determining if resources contain all required server managed triples.
 *
 * @author bbpennel
 */
public class RequiredPropertiesUtil {

    private RequiredPropertiesUtil() {
    }

    private final static Collection<Property> REQUIRED_PROPERTIES = asList(
            CREATED_BY, CREATED_DATE, LAST_MODIFIED_DATE, LAST_MODIFIED_BY);

    private final static Collection<Resource> CONTAINER_TYPES = asList(
            RDF_SOURCE, CONTAINER, FEDORA_CONTAINER, FEDORA_RESOURCE);

    private final static Collection<Resource> BINARY_TYPES = asList(
            NON_RDF_SOURCE, FEDORA_BINARY, FEDORA_RESOURCE);

    /**
     * Throws a ConstraintViolationException if the model does not contain all required server-managed triples for a
     * container.
     *
     * @param model rdf to validate
     * @throws ConstraintViolationException if model does not contain all required server-managed triples for container
     */
    public static void assertRequiredContainerTriples(final Model model)
            throws ConstraintViolationException {
        assertContainsRequiredProperties(model, REQUIRED_PROPERTIES);
        assertContainsRequiredTypes(model, CONTAINER_TYPES);
    }

    /**
     * Throws a ConstraintViolationException if the model does not contain all required server-managed triples for a
     * binary description.
     *
     * @param model rdf to validate
     * @throws ConstraintViolationException if model does not contain all required server-managed triples for binary
     * description
     */
    public static void assertRequiredDescriptionTriples(final Model model)
            throws ConstraintViolationException {
        assertContainsRequiredProperties(model, REQUIRED_PROPERTIES);
        assertContainsRequiredTypes(model, BINARY_TYPES);
    }

    private static void assertContainsRequiredProperties(final Model model, final Collection<Property> properties) {
        for (final Property property : properties) {
            if (!model.contains(null, property, (RDFNode) null)) {
                throw new ConstraintViolationException("Missing required property " +
                        property.getURI());
            }
        }
    }

    private static void assertContainsRequiredTypes(final Model model, final Collection<Resource> types) {
        for (final Resource type : types) {
            if (!model.contains(null, RDF.type, type)) {
                throw new ConstraintViolationException("Missing required type " +
                        type.getURI());
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Inception's mission is to support companies that are revolutionizing industries with advances in artificial Intelligence (AI) and data science. Designed as a virtual accelerator program, it assists members during critical stages of product development, prototyping, and deployment. We're proud to be a part of it!


When substance abuse or a damaging behaviour occupies a central place in a person's life, that person is addicted. Addicts spend most of their time, energy, and money on their addiction. Alcohol, tobacco, medications, or drug use is regular, predictable, and usually frequent.
Addicts no longer have control over their substance abuse or damaging behaviour. They engage in it even if it causes family, financial, legal, or other problems.
Spend money my family and I are counting on to gamble or buy drugs and/or alcohol.
Break promises to spend time with loved ones or hurt them in other ways, so I can feed my addiction.
Engage in excessive substance abuse when my gambling losses increase.
Be unhappy because I can't stop my addiction.
Be unable to reach my goals.
I've tried many times, but I can't change my ways.
I've changed my behaviour, but I'm still unhappy and feel something is missing.
I'm wondering if I need help. Now may be a good time to get it.


This project will look at developing connectivity between AURIN, NECTAR and RDSI e-infrastructure with a focus on health data. Health data is of great interest to the urban research, policy and decision-making community and this project will look at bringing in medical research data as well as health data available from the National Health Services Directory into the AURIN online workbench. The project will draw upon the already funded Australian National Medical Research Data Storage Facility and will look at making a subset of this data available via the AURIN workbench through connecting it to the AURIN geo-classification hierarchy.
This will be operationalised through the AURIN Sydney Data Hub managed by UNSW City Futures Research Centre and will utilise NECTAR and RDSI infrastructure developed and maintained by Intersect. An additional piece of connectivity work is required to also develop a client to the National Health Service Directory and make this data available to urban researchers, policy and decision-makers via the AURIN online workbench.


text:
Егейският университет () е гръцки държавен университет. Университетът е официално основан през 1984 година и централата му е в град Митилини на остров Лесбос. Сградите на факултетите му се намират на островите Лесбос, Родос, както и Самос, Хиос, Сирос и Лемнос. Това е единственото висше учебно заведение в Гърция, разположено в северната част на Егейско море.

Исторически университетът датира от началото на 20-те години на XX век като част от Йонийския университет в Смирна.

Бележки

Университети в Гърция
Родос
Лесбос
Самос
Хиос
Сирос
Лемнос

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Following on from my recent blog 'Keep Calm and Carry On' Personal Emotional Resilience and Work Part One, hopefully you've had the opportunity to consider how emotionally resilient you are in work.
This concept was first proposed in the 1920's, with adapted EI models proposed by Salovey and Mayer and more latterly Daniel Goleman. It is now widely accepted in Leadership, Management and Learning as a useful framework in defining the skills required to be an effective leader, manager or employee. You will need to explore your competencies in 5 key areas namely Self-Awareness, Self-Regulation, Social Skills, Empathy and Motivation. A huge subject, and fortunately a wealth of collateral exists in terms of information, self-help publications and learning opportunities. As the cornerstone of resilience, understanding your levels of competency in all key areas is worthy of your total attention. Ignore it at your peril!
Staying optimistic during difficult periods can be challenging, but maintaining a hopeful outlook is an important part of resiliency. Positive thinking does not mean ignoring the problem in order to focus on positive outcomes. It means understanding that setbacks are transient and that you have the skills and abilities to combat the challenges you face. What you are dealing with may be difficult, but it is important to remain hopeful and positive about a brighter future.
Working within an organisational culture with values aligned to your own is paramount. If you are working in an unsupportive, uncaring culture or have values non-aligned to your own, the cracks will soon start to appear. After all, it's a relationship and if this is incongruent then it may be necessary for you to rethink your work aspirations and the type of work that you do.
Whether it be new personal interests, groups or clubs, hobbies, volunteering or fundraising. Make a list of things that you want to achieve and experience in the short, medium and long-term…a 'bucket list' for life if you like!
The old adage 'healthy in body and mind' is more vital today than ever. Maintaining healthy diet, exercise and sleeping regimes appear obvious but require dedication, perseverance and discipline. 'Presenteeism' is another common feature of working life today and can protract a medical condition causing further harm, so do try and avoid this.
Seek out role models who you regard as resilient people. Everybody has resilient people in their networks that have experienced huge change, adversity or trauma and understanding their experiences and their means of dealing with them are a source of valuable learning for you.
Surround yourself with good support networks as they can make life more fulfilling and can be a great source of advice, guidance and feedback. Maintaining networks require investment of your time and energy and neglecting these can leave you isolated and unsupported. Make sure you invest in connecting with the important people in your life (and by this I don't mean using Facebook!).
Learn new skills, gain new understanding and apply them during times of change. Seek formal and informal opportunities to learn and develop, rather than holding on to old behaviour and bad habits, especially when it's obvious that they do not work anymore. Start thinking about what drives your preference towards this old behaviour and whether it is helpful for the context you operate in today.
These all require personal effort and ongoing work and are not quick-fix solutions. They are longer term strategies for coping with stress, obstacles and trauma and they will help you on your quest for work-life balance and happiness generally…the other option is to simply……'Keep Calm and Carry On'…if you can?
Contact us to discuss how to make you and your people more resilient in the workplace.
Most companies are starting to recognise the importance of resilience in the workplace, and many organisations are beginning to invest in their people's wellbeing through vital training and development programmes.
Following on from my recent blog 'Keep Calm and Carry On' Personal Emotional Resilience and Work Part One, I am going to share with you my nine top tips on how to become more Resilient…and the good news is that, without exception, all of these skills or actions can be learnt or implemented.


text:
2021 Institute Curriculum
For Participants Overview
Short Testimonials from the 2018 Institute
New Bedford Whaling Museum
Getting to New Bedford
Teaching Melville
An Institute for School Teachers on Herman Melville's "Moby-Dick" and the World of Whaling in the Digital Age
Brief Biographies of Lead Faculty
Jennifer Baker
Jennifer J. Baker is Associate Professor of English at New York University, where she specializes in 18th- and 19th-century American literature, culture, and intellectual history. She is the author of Securing the Commonwealth: Debt, Speculation, and Writing in the Making of Early America (2005) and is currently writing a book on mid-19th-century American literature and the life sciences (a chapter of which will be devoted to Moby-Dick and natural history).
Baker teaches undergraduate and graduate seminars on Melville and regularly teaches Moby-Dick in her American literature surveys. In 2006, she joined the Melville Society Cultural Project through which she has been involved in Melville-related programming at the New Bedford Whaling Museum. She wrote and recorded the Museum's Melville audio tour for its "Pursuit to Preservation exhibition in its sperm whale gallery and last summer, participated as a lecturer and tour-guide in the Museum's training for high-school teachers of Moby-Dick. In 2007, Baker designed and taught a five-part continuing education series on Moby-Dick at the 92nd Street Y in New York City. She is co-organized the 2019 International Melville Conference in New York City to commemorate the bicentennial of Melville's birth.
Mary K. Bercaw Edwards
Mary K. Bercaw Edwards is Associate Professor of English and Maritime Studies Faculty at the University of Connecticut. Former President of the international Melville Society, she now serves as an Editor for Leviathan: A Journal of Melville Studies. She is the author of Melville's Sources (1987) and Cannibal Old Me: Spoken Sources in Melville's Early Works (2009) and the co-editor of Wilson Heflin, Herman Melville's Whaling Years (2004). As a member of the Melville Society Cultural Project, Dr. Bercaw Edwards has collaborated since 2001 with the New Bedford Whaling Museum, participating in three previous NEH-funded Summer Institutes (2001, 2005, and 2006). Dr. Bercaw Edwards also works at Mystic Seaport Museum, where, in addition to interpreting Maritime History to visitors, she works with K-12 teachers and students, doing both teacher training and leading workshops and Moby-Dick tours for K-12 students, especially high-school students. A Coast Guard-licensed captain, she has 58,000 miles at sea, all under sail. In the Summer of 2014, she sailed aboard the 1841 whaleship Charles W. Morgan on its historic 38th Voyage; the Morgan was built just seven miles away from and seven months after Melville's own whaleship Acushnet.
Wyn Kelley
Wyn Kelley, Senior Lecturer in Literature at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is author of Melville's City: Literary and Urban Form in Nineteenth-Century New York (1996) and Herman Melville: An Introduction (2008); and co-author, with Henry Jenkins et.al., of Reading in a Participatory Culture: Re-Mixing Moby-Dick in the English Classroom (2013).
Former Associate Editor of the Melville Society journal Leviathan, and currently Associate Director of MEL (Melville Electronic Library), she also works with the HyperStudio, MIT's digital humanities lab, to develop digital pedagogy based on Annotation Studio. As a member of the Melville Society Cultural Project, she has collaborated since 2001 with the New Bedford Whaling Museum, participating in three previous NEH-funded Summer Institutes (2001, 2005, and 2006). Other teaching workshops include the Teachers As Scholars project at the Harvard School of Education (2000, 2001, 2003) and Primary Source (2007). She is a co-director of the 2020 Summer Institute.
Jeff Markman
Jeff Markham is an English teacher at New Trier High School where he has taught since 1994. There he helped to create the Integrated Global Studies School (IGSS), a school-within-a-school that integrates English, social studies, and art. He has taught Moby-Dick in Advanced Placement classes, Great Books, IGSS, and to various book groups for faculty and for parents. Former students have nominated him for teaching awards given by several schools including Williams College and Stanford University. Jeff was a participant in the 2018 NEH Summer Teaching Institute. He has contributed to the editorial work of the Melville Electronic Library, has done research at the Newberry Library for Melville's Marginalia, and has participated in seven Moby-Dick Marathons at the New Bedford Whaling Museum. He presented his paper "Of Whales in Paint: Visual Journals and the Reading Experience" at the 12th International Melville Studies Conference at New York University in June of 2019, and also presented a paper at Robert Wallace's "Moby Comes to Covington" symposium at Northern Kentucky University in 2015. He will be contributing a chapter to the forthcoming A Companion to Herman Melville: Second Edition (Wiley-Blackwell). Jeff's experience, expertise, and enthusiasm will allow him to engage deeply as a fellow K-12 teacher with the 25 participants and serve as a key resource for guiding their projects and engaging the challenges of translating Moby-Dick to teenagers. He is deeply excited to join the crew of this Summer Institute as it sets sail into the "howling infinite."
Timothy Marr
Timothy Marr taught high school social studies and English in California, Connecticut, Australia, and Pakistan—where he became interested in the history of how Americans viewed the difference of Islam while teaching Moby-Dick during the Russian phase of the war in Afghanistan. His book The Cultural Roots of American Islamicism (2006) was born as a Melville project during a 1989 NEH Summer Seminar for Teachers on Moby-Dick in Santa Barbara. He is a co-editor (with another Institute Faculty member) of Ungraspable Phantom: Essays on Moby-Dick (2006) and has published on Melville in The Historical Guide to Herman Melville, Melville and Women, Melville "Among the Nations," The New Cambridge Companion to Herman Melville, the third Norton Critical edition of Moby-Dick, and in the journal Leviathan. He co-organized the Seventh International Melville conference in East Jerusalem in 2009. Besides serving as an executive member of the Melville Society Cultural Project he is also a co-editor of the History Research Group for the Melville Electronic Library. He is an Associate Professor of American Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he has taught since 2000, and will be serving as co-director of the Institute.
Christopher Sten
Christopher Sten's interest in Melville goes back five decades to an American literature course in college, followed by a dissertation on Melville's modernism in graduate school. The editor of Savage Eye: Melville and the Visual Arts (1992) and author of many articles and two book- length studies of Melville's fiction, including The Weaver God, He Weaves: Melville and the Poetics of the Novel (1996) and Sounding the Whale: Moby-Dick as Epic Novel (1996), he has recently completed a book manuscript, The Body in Pain, on issues of embodiment in Melville's Piazza Tales, and an edited collection of essays (with Tyler Hoffman), titled 'This Mighty Convulsion': Melville and Whitman Write the Civil War. Like his colleagues in the Melville Society Cultural Project, he has broad interests in Melville's transnationalism, multiculturalism, and treatment of gender issues, age, and class in Moby-Dick and has done work as well on more specialized topics such as Melville's use of the occult sciences in relation to Ahab and Ishmael and the question of animal intelligence in relation to the Whale. In teaching Moby-Dick to hundreds of students over the years at George Washington University, he has developed a method of close reading, daily writing, and regular feedback to help students gain confidence in their critical powers and demonstrate their growing command of this formidable book.
Robert K. Wallace
Robert K. Wallace is Regents Professor of English at Northern Kentucky University. His books on Melville include Melville and Turner (1992), Frank Stella's Moby-Dick (2007), Douglass and Melville (2005), Heggie and Scheer's Moby-Dick: A Grand Opera for the Twenty-First Century (2013), and Fast Fish and Loose Fish: NKU Students Make Moby-Dick Art (2015). Wallace is a founding member of the Melville Society Cultural Project at the New Bedford Whaling Museum (2001) and has supervised its art acquisition program. He has taught courses in Melville and the Arts at NKU since 1994 and artwork created by his undergraduate students has been widely exhibited. Wallace is the leading authority on the 400 prints and engravings he has discovered from Melville's personal collection. He is also a leading authority on contemporary responses to Moby-Dick in the visual and performing arts. He has curated exhibitions on Melville and Turner, The Art of Seeing Whales, and Moby-Dick-art by contemporary artists from Frank Stella to Matt Kish. Wallace was a faculty leader of the NEH Seminar for School Teachers in New Bedford in 2001 and has published several essays on teaching Moby-Dick. His blogs on Dickinson and Moby-Dick in 2015 and Moby-Dick in Cincinnati in 2016 (see "Using MEL" in the Melville Electronic Library) include Moby-Dick-art created and exhibited by his students. Wallace's essay on "Moby-Dick and the Arts in the Early Twenty-First Century" is featured in the third edition of the Norton Critical Edition of Moby-Dick (2017).
Institute Administrator and Program Manager
Christina Turner
Christina Turner is the Director of Education at the New Bedford Whaling Museum where she provides leadership, strategy, and direction for a dynamic museum education team and is responsible for the overall design, staffing, program evaluation, and financial sustainability of museum learning experiences and resources. She oversees various project budgets and the administration of grants and/or restricted support, including accountability to funding organizations and donors. Christina has more than a decade of experience in education, youth development, curriculum design, and program development and evaluation. She also has extensive experience managing complex projects that require effective and timely communication with various audiences including community partners and institutional funders. She will be the Program Manager guiding the on-site administration of the Institute at the New Bedford Whaling Museum.
18 Johnny Cake Hill
About | Apply | Curriculum | Resources | For Participants | Contact
Any views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this program do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ribblehead Navvy Camps
Earthwork survey and historical documentary research
The Settle to Carlisle Line, constructed between the North Yorkshire Dales and Cumbria by the Midland Railway Company, was the last main railway line in Britain to be built mainly using manual labour. In October 1870, work commenced on the construction of the viaduct at Batty Moss in Cumbria, now commonly known as the Ribblehead Viaduct, together with a tunnel at Blea Moor just to the north. In order to accommodate a workforce in such an isolated and often bleak location, the company constructed a series of temporary camps for the workmen (or 'navvies') and their dependents. The names of nine of these camps are known: Batty Wife Hole or Batty Green, Sebastopol, Inkerman, Belgravia, Jericho, Jerusalem, Jordan, Salt Lake City, and Bleamoor or Tunnel Huts. By the time of the 1871 Census, over 900 people were employed on this part of the line, and the population of the navvy camps in this area was probably around 2000. At that time, the main settlement at Batty Wife Hole had 74 houses, a hospital, post office, public library, mission house, day and Sunday schools, shops and public houses, together with Company offices, stores, stables and a brick-works. However, when construction was completed, the navvies and all those dependent upon their wages moved on, and the buildings were either salvaged or left to decay. Today, the viaduct is surrounded by open moorland grazing and the only traces of the former thriving community are slight earthworks amongst the grass and heather.
In 1995, the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority commissioned NAA to carry out archaeological work in response to the erosion of this fragile heritage resource by increasing visitor pressure on the area. This comprised an earthwork survey and historical documentary research of two areas that covered the three most affected navvy camps, namely Batty Wife Hole, Sebastopol and Belgravia.
"The results of the project provided considerable insight into the organisation, function and society of these temporary navvy settlements that extends well beyond that provided by contemporary sources."
The earthwork surveys recorded the outlines of a considerable number of buildings and other features. At Batty Wife Hole, structures appear to have been zoned, with terraced houses, probable commercial buildings and what were interpreted as 'civic' structures grouped in distinct parts of the settlement, and the hospital located in isolation to the east. The non-domestic structures appear to have had stone foundations, presumably with wooden superstructures, and were better preserved than the domestic buildings, which were presumably entirely made of wood. At Sebastopol, most of the identified remains related to the brickworks, while the terraced housing at nearby Belgravia faced the quarry and limekiln that had supplied the mortar for the construction work. These works were connected to the various construction sites by an elaborate network of tramways, and a locomotive shed was sited at Sebastopol. Apart from the organised terraced housing at these settlements, presumably provided by the railway company, isolated structures in peripheral locations suggested an element of 'urban sprawl' as the population outgrew the accommodation.
Beyond providing a record of the extent, nature and condition of these remains, the results of the project provided considerable insight into the organisation, function and society of these temporary navvy settlements that extends well beyond that provided by contemporary sources. The survey also provided a firm basis for future management and protection by the National Park Authority of this important but fragile heritage resource.
A fuller account of the results of the project can be found in:
Cardwell, P., Ronan, D. and Simpson, R. (2004) 'An archaeological survey of the Ribblehead navvy camps', in White, R. F. and Wilson, P. R. (eds) Archaeology and Historical Landscape of the Yorkshire Dales. Yorkshire Archaeological Society Occasional Paper 2. Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 195–202.


I can blame (or rather thank) the clever Mel of onecraftymumma for this latest little project of mine.
I spotted them in my Insta feed and let out a rather audible sigh....I just had to give them a go.
I began with the table mat you can see under the basket...it was a simple start... it allowed me to learn the machine tension and the best way to add the fabric scraps. In fact I made two of these table mats before progressing to the basket.
Wouldn't you know... half way into my basket I ran out of rope....and so did the shop I bought it from. Six weeks before they had more .. they said! I sobbed all the way home.
It arrived about six weeks later (they didn't lie) and I reacquainted myself with my project and finished it off.
Let me assure you.. my rope stash is replenished... no short supplies foreseen in the future and a few more basket ideas await.
Oh and check out these links..
Zillpa - a homewares designer.
Hello Lea....how lovely to have you pop over (or 'over pop'... that made me chuckle) Thanks for the lovely comment...and I'm glad the closeup shot was ok...I did intend adding one to instagram yesterday for you but typically my phone storage was full and it wouldn't allow me to take the photo. (I got that problem sorted last night.) Good luck with the braces too... Mitch and Briony both had them...they are very uncomfortable at first but settle and the end results are wonderful. I hope Bella isn't too sore this morning..
Seems I've forgotten how to comment on blogs, I removed one that I published twice. Gah!
Mmmm dyed rope would look amazing! I would love to see some pics! I can imagine the mess I would make with dye ...but I can envisage a gorgeous ombre type effect.


Heath officials say they will dismiss 265 tickets issued too early by the Licking County community's new traffic-camera system.
Motorists were supposed to receive warnings for speed and red-light violations caught on tape by the cameras along Rt. 79 and S. 30th Street until July 1, city officials said in a news release. But the 265 citations were issued June 30.
Mayor Richard Waugh did not return a call seeking comment, and Police Chief Anthony Shepherd was out of the office and couldn't be reached.
But residents raising a ruckus over the new cameras had plenty to say. Duane Goodwin, a local business owner leading an effort to get the camera issue before voters in November, said the 265 errors are likely just the start of trouble.
WBNS-10TV reported that the city has issued 8,000 citations since July 1, netting more than $800,000 in fines.
The cameras set the city up as a speed trap, and that image will hurt local businesses and keeps people from traveling through, said Goodwin, who owns Dr. Signs in town.
"We have older people get tickets in the mail that are time-stamped that the violation was at 1:30 in the morning, and they're not out at 1:30 in the morning," he said. "Every single ticket needs to be reviewed."
Goodwin presented the City Council with a petition last week bearing signatures, if enough prove valid, to get the issue of the cameras before voters on the ballot in November.
The Licking County Board of Elections has not yet ruled on the validity of the petition.


Self care supports to reduce purging behaviors.
Eating disorders reflect complex psychobiological stressors. They also occur with complex nutritional imbalances and may be understood as efforts to regulate affect through food and food-related behaviors. There is a high rate of eating disorders among women and men who were victimized in childhood (Korn, 2013). Eating disorders often have a dissociative and obsessive-compulsive component. The eating disorders in general are linked to dissociation and alternate states of consciousness achieved through food types and binging/fasting/purging activities. For example, purging activates vagal response. If you have ever thrown up, you know that afterward you are often exhausted and fall asleep. Historically, across cultures, humans (and other animals) are known to engage in ritualized behaviors of purging and regurgitation as methods of altering states of consciousness. At a larger social level are the influences of pressure and advertisements on children and adults of what constitutes a perfect body and the ways that food, or lack thereof, may achieve that.
Bulimia, and binge eating disorder (BED) affect all ethnicities in the United States. Bariatric surgery patients have a 27 percent lifetime prevalence of BED (Herrin & Larkin, 2013). There are elevated levels of anxiety and depression among bariatric surgery candidates and higher rates of mental disorders among the obese and then even higher rates of mental disorders in obese people who seek bariatric surgery (Mitchell & Zwaan,2011). Bisexual and gay men have a higher risk for eating disorders with as many as 15 percent (Herrin & Larkin, 2013). Eating disorders are highly comorbid with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the functional nutritional treatment for both is very similar.
People generally use carbohydrates as their food of choice in bulimia, though they may choose fatty foods as well. These are mood altering by way of the serotonergic system, and they also lead to a sense of fullness by filling the stomach and putting pressure on the diapgragm. Balancing serotonin levels with nutrition is central to managing the range of symptoms that occur along the eating disorders continuum. The use of specific animo acids, like tryptophan or 5HTP support serotonin and can contribute to satiety and relaxation. Endocannabinoid deficit may be involved in Bulimia and eating disorders (Gérard, Pieters, Goffin, Bormans &Van Laere, 2011) and may be why some people with bulimia and night eating syndrome appear to lose their appetite when using CBD-rich strains of cannabis.
Foods have psychoactive components, which are enhanced when there are allergies or sensitivities, for example, to the opiate-like chemistry of gluten and casein that affects many people with eating disorders. This is why overeaters anonymous encourages sobriety from wheat and gluten. People who engage purging (and fasting) frequently engage in intensive aerobic exercise. All of these behaviors alter consciousness by inducing endorphin and endocannabinoid response, which reduces anxiety, but intensive aerobic exercise can also exacerbate dissociative symptoms.
Bulimia nervosa behaviors may include purging and extreme use of laxatives, which upset the digestive process and also the health balance of intestinal flora. The anxiolytic NT GABA is made in the gut in interaction with gut flora suggesting the importance of fermented foods to decrease anxiety. Chronic purging can be dangerous and lead to nutritional deficits, GERD, and even death. In my clinical practice I provide intensive nutritional support to address the neurobiological substrates of bulimia behaviors while we address the psychological aspects. I provide detailed evidence for these protocols in my book Nutrition Essentials for Mental Health.
Bandhas regulate the flow of prana. This bandha is designed to move the energy up toward the head. Stand with the feet a foot apart and bend over slightly, knee slightly bent, placing hands on the thighs. Lower the head between the collarbone and the breastbone, and let it rest there in that notch. Inhale deeply and exhale quickly, forcing all the air to exit the lungs. Immediately after the exhale, hold the breath, pull the abdominal region back toward the spine, contract and lift the diaphragm toward the breastbone, putting your weight on the hands on the thighs. Hold and then release. When you have mastered this motion, then repeat and instead of holding, exert a pumping action, pushing out and pulling in, all the while maintaining this pose and holding your breath.
This exercise (which can be demonstrated in person or seen on video) can be taught to clients for home use when the urge to purge arises, to desensitize somatic sensations in the "solar plexus" and to quiet affective fires by reducing tension. Yogic practice prescribes this exercise to improve digestive function and cleanse the spirit. Because chronic dissociation among individuals interferes with experiencing bodily-based perceptions, this exercise can foster new sensory awareness and provides people who are working on decreasing purging and bulimia behaviors with therapeutic alternatives to achieve relaxation and balance. It also helps the client to understand that their urge derives from a complex psychobiological response that can be addressed through movement and nutrition.
Korn, L. (2013). Rhythms of recovery: Trauma, nature, and the body. New York: Routledge.
Mitchell, J. E., & de Zwaan, M. (Eds.). (2011). Psychosocial assessment and treatment of bariatric surgery patients. New York: Routledge.
Preparing foods with friends can help one de-stress.
These quick tips work to reduce PMS.
A forgotten method can help others deeply relax.


Chinese streaming and anime fandom platform Bilibili, which had over 85 million average monthly active users as of Q2 2018, landed on the NASDAQ in March, and is now set to get even bigger. At the beginning of October, Tencent, one of the largest IT companies in China and the world, announced that it had invested 317.6 million USD into Bilibili, thereby becoming the second largest shareholder in the latter with a 12% stake.
On October 25, according to Pingwest, Tencent and Bilibili announced that they'd reached a strategic cooperation agreement that covers the upstream and downstream of the ACG (Animation, Comics and Games) value chain. This partnership means, among other things, that Tencent and Bilibili will share their library of original animations (if the copyright allows), and build a deep collaborative mechanism in terms of the purchase, investment, and production of animated programming. They will also share production costs, sync up on premieres and broadcasting, and offer investment priorities to one another. There is a possibility of partnering on games in the future as well, according to Pingwest.
Although Bilibili has been criticized by Chinese authorities three times this year, and was banned from app stores for a month over the summer due to supposedly spreading "vulgar" content, these setbacks haven't hurt its users' loyalty to the platform, of which 81.7% are from Generation Z (individuals born from 1990 to 2009). The popularity of Bilibili's games, streaming content, and offline events are reflected in the platform's high conversion rate, which is helping online stores on Bilibili to develop new consumption patterns based on content.
This could be why tech giant Tencent — creator of WeChat and QQ — has taken an interest. In April, at Tencent's UP2018 "Neo-Culture Creativity Eco-Conference," Tencent Vice President and Tencent Pictures CEO Edward Cheng emphasized a "systematic focus on building intellectual property's cultural values" and "upgrad[ing] the modes and the methods of creating intellectual property." In an interview with WeChat account Tosansheng, Cheng said their goal was to create "a fashionable experience," meaning an online experience that connects diverse subcultures and builds a comprehensive, digital cultural ecosystem. Both Bilibili and Tencent have invested in dozens of ACG companies in recent years.
To compete with Jinri Toutiao's short-video platform Douyin (aka TikTok), which has over 500 million monthly active users and is viewed as the most popular application among the generation born after 1990, Tencent needs Bilibili's Generation Z user base more than ever. In return, Tencent can offer new promotion channels to Bilibili's growing network.
On October 31, 36Kr reported that e-commerce company — and primary Tencent competitor — Alibaba has also increased their funding and stock shares in Bilibili, but Bilibili later responded to this story by saying, "All news that is not officially confirmed is false." Internet companies such as Bilibili that receive investment from both Tencent and Alibaba are rare in China, certainly at this level of maturity. Time will tell whether Tencent's bigger spend will gain them greater benefits from, and broader access to, Bilibili's crucial cohort of Gen Z fans.


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Our only focus is commercial real estate in Austin, TX, not a jack of all trades. We focus on one things and we do it right. We help companies like yours in the search, selection, negotiation, and occupancy of Austin commercial offices, warehouse space, and retail space in Austin, Tx.
We only represent tenants and buyers.....never landlords so you can rest assured that we have your best interests in mind. Call 512-861-0525 or email us your business space needs. After learning more about your commercial property needs we will research, identify and prepare a list of every available commercial property listing that meets your specific criteria. Pictures, floorplans, and lease rate info will be emailed to you within hours of contact.
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When leasing Retail Space one must research and consider many other factors than when leasing other types of commercial space. The cheapest space will not always be the most suited for your business so don't just sign a lease on the first bargain you see. Things such as demographics, traffic patterns, your competition, visibility needs, etc. must be considered to determine whether a location is right for you. In Austin there are about 9,220 retail buildings with over 106 million square feet of rentable retail space.
Finding the right professional medical workplace can be imperative to the success of your medical practice. Chances are, you need to be close to a hospital or medical facility that treats similar patients or that you can get referrals from. Whether you'd like to be downtown, closest to the largest medical hospitals in Austin, or in a thriving city such as Lakeway, TX, we can help you find the perfect medical facility. If you are a dentist or a chiropractor needing to lease space there are plenty of options for you in medical buildings or in retail locations throughout the Austin Metro area.
Industrial / Warehouse space in Austin can be used for many purposes. If your business requires flexible working space, has loading and unloading requirements, needs a combination of office/warehouse, or you're just looking for a headquarters with lower rates, leasing warehouse space might be the best fit for your business. Currently there are 4,003 industrial buildings with over 97 million square feet of industrial digs in Austin, and that number continues to grow.
Start looking for space sooner than you think you need to. 6-12 months before you're ideal move in date is a good start.
Get Local Help From Experts - The process of searching for commercial property can be difficult, especially if you are new to an area and/or don't have the time to do it on your own. However if you work with a local tenant representative who is familiar with the properties in your ideal area, they can make the process much easier as well as help you negotiate the best deal possible.
Know Your Current & Future Needs - Consider hiring an architect or space planner to determine your ideal needs before you start looking for properties. If you plan on growing make sure the building can accommodate your future growth.


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Home/Uncategorized/Is Disney Plus Worth It?
Is Disney Plus Worth It?
Germyah Batey November 21, 2019	Uncategorized Leave a comment 16 Views
FILE – In this Aug. 8, 2017, file photo, The Walt Disney Co. logo appears on a screen above the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. Disney's new streaming service, Disney Plus.
(AP Photo/Richard Drew, File)
Many are asking if Disney's new online streaming service Disney Plus is worth it.
The Walt Disney Company is taking online streaming to the next level with a new online service: Disney plus. This streaming service is unlike any other because it is already making major headway within its first week.
Disney Plus is available in the U.S., Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and Canada, and more than 10 million people have already started their 7-day trial.
Walt Disney is over 90 years old and has provided many generations with content that has maintained its historic position for decades. Over the years the company continues to expand its horizons by creating various projects that have placed it at the center of our society.
With Disney's unmatched marketing strategy, it is not far-fetched that the company creates a platform to keep up with its competitors. But millions are still asking is this streaming service worth it?
For just $7 a month you can access a variety of movies and shows like "That so Raven," "Frozen," and "Lizzie McGuire" with no interruptions. Disney Plus will allow all users the ability to watch archived content that we hold near and dear to our hearts and will have something for everyone.
https://youtu.be/RAnWBhP2uO4
As of now, the streaming service includes a variety of Marvel movies (including Doctor Strange, Guardians of the Galaxy, and Avengers endgame), National Geographic, and ESPN plus which are separate channels that you can watch on this site.
Disney Plus includes all Disney owned television shows and movies in a clean and accessible way making it easy for younger and older generations to watch. Viewers will be able to have access to an unlimited amount of shows for just $7 with the ability to cancel at any time.
JB Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/JaredBuckendahl
Parents are also raving about Disney Plus, one Reddit user shares their thoughts:
"There is something so entrancing about music and watching children their own age acting like kids. A friend of mine told me a story about how the teacher put it on for her entire elementary school class and every kid in the room was suddenly enthralled. It's magic."
Disney Plus has something for everyone one UTC student, Mark Drinkard shares his thoughts:
"I think Disney plus is totally worth it. I had the chance to revisit those old classics that were attached to some of the most memorable moments in my life. I think Disney plus is the best $7 I have ever spent."
Disney Plus will provide online streaming that is fun and affordable, making this site an easy purchase for not just parents looking for kid-friendly movies but college students as well.
"Disney plus is something you should buy, " says Ariah. "There is a lot of content that will constantly be added to this platform as Disney continues to create more and more content. For the price…I think it's worth it."
Disney plus will be available on all devices and on all streaming platforms.
About Germyah Batey
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Bringing back an icon from the golden age of Nike running, Men's Nike Pantheos Shoe is rooted in the early '90s style of its namesake with the modern comfort innovations of today.
You'll love the comfort and style of these super hip casual shoes from Nike. Keep it casual for your date by matching this beige pair with trim denims and a classic leather jacket.


text:
from django.db import migrations, models

class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('kirppu', '0041_add_box_as_single_brought_item'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.AddField(
            model_name='eventpermission',
            name='can_manage_event',
            field=models.BooleanField(default=False),
        ),
    ]