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Year : 2018 | Volume : 7 | Issue : 6 | Page : 1197--1202
Knowledge, readiness, and myths about menstruation among students at the Princess Noura University
Kholoud K Alharbi, Afnan A Alkharan, Doha A Abukhamseen, Maryam A Altassan, Wareef Alzahrani, Amel Fayed
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Dr. Kholoud K Alharbi
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh
Background: Menstruation is a natural part of the female reproductive cycle in which periodic discharge of blood from the uterus exits through the vagina, it is the spontaneous onset of puberty. Aim: The study is to assess the level of knowledge, readiness, and myths about menstruation among young Saudi girls in the Princess Noura University, Riyadh. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study of a convenient sample of 500 students from different colleges at the Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was conducted between January 2016 and March 2016. A validated questionnaire assessing knowledge, readiness, and attitude of participants was used. Questions assessing beliefs and myths about menstruation were included. Results: About 500 students participated in the study, their average age was 21.1 ± 7.8 years and 25.8% of them were from the health colleges. The main source of information about menstruation was the mother in about 60%, whereas only 4% considered doctors and nurses as a source of information. The study shows that the knowledge, attitude, and readiness of participants about menstruation were really poor. The majority (73.4%) of the participants were not able to correctly recognize why girls get their period. Similarly, the percentage of students having a negative attitude about menstruation is 78.4% (370), and <23% were defined to be ready before their first menses. Conclusion: The results of the study depict that the respondents lack proper knowledge of information relevant to menstruation. This included the importance of increasing awareness and giving accurate information using scientific sources, such as schools, colleges, or health team members.
Alharbi KK, Alkharan AA, Abukhamseen DA, Altassan MA, Alzahrani W, Fayed A. Knowledge, readiness, and myths about menstruation among students at the Princess Noura University.J Family Med Prim Care 2018;7:1197-1202
Alharbi KK, Alkharan AA, Abukhamseen DA, Altassan MA, Alzahrani W, Fayed A. Knowledge, readiness, and myths about menstruation among students at the Princess Noura University. J Family Med Prim Care [serial online] 2018 [cited 2019 Jul 17 ];7:1197-1202
Available from: http://www.jfmpc.com/text.asp?2018/7/6/1197/246494
Menstruation is a natural part of the female reproductive cycle in which periodic discharge of blood from the uterus exits through the vagina; it is the natural onset of puberty.[1] Puberty is a phase of growth and development in which significant cognitive, psychological, and physical changes take place. For females, the menarche is one of the most memorable and defining moments of adolescence. It embodies a transition from childhood to adulthood, and this transition can be full of anxiety for the early adolescent.[2]
Menstruation has been surrounded by taboos and myths that eliminate women from many aspects of socio-cultural life. Many cultures hold on different beliefs and myths that restrict women from daily activities[3] and hygienic health practices, which lead to adverse outcomes[4] such as infection.
Studies reported that many girls had lots of misconception about the physiological changes during menstrual periods. Most of this information acquired from their mothers, television, friends, and teachers.[5] Such taboos affect girls' and women's emotional state, mentality, lifestyle, and most importantly health.
Distinctive studies highlighted the importance of exploring the cultural context in menstrual experiences.[6] Demographic characteristics play an essential role in the female's knowledge levels and their understandings of menstruation issues. It also plays an important role in their beliefs and behaviors.
Doctors are the principal purpose of contact for determination of regular menstrual issues and other related regenerative morbidities among the population in their locale. A large number of works on amid menstruation have coordinated ramifications on regenerative well-being. For example, not showering within menstruation can prompt drop off in the hygiene of the young lady and this manner prompt the regenerative tract contaminations. Doctors required to be familiar with regular myths identified with menstruation pervasive in his/her locale and treat the individual comprehensively by tending to them moreover. Else, the issue might be dealt with for some time, yet it would keep on repeating with expanding seriousness.[1]
In India, a cross-sectional study was done on 160 participants and results in 32 women (20%) had an idea before menarche regarding menstruation. About 65% of women used only sanitary pad and 30% used only cloth pieces, whereas 5% used both pad and cloth piece. Prevalence of sanitary pad use was significantly higher among those aged.[7]
Another cross-sectional study showed that most of the girls gained information about menstruation from their mothers. Menstruation is still considered as something shameful and young girls face many restrictions. Knowledge regarding menstruation, reproduction, contraception, and diet is still lacking among school girls. Family life skill sessions address these issues very effectively. Most of the girls enjoyed the sessions and were ready for more.[8]
In a qualitative ethnographic study which was done on 612 students, they found that students from higher grades in the survey sought more information and had more questions about menstrual symptoms, abnormal menstruation, myths, health, and beauty. Also, adolescent girls posed more questions about self-medication and home remedies than about seeing a health professional for common menstrual abnormalities. Even girls in low- and middle-income countries may silently suffer some degree of pain, cramping, and discomfort associated with dysmenorrhea.[9]
A cross-sectional study was done in Tamale, Ghana on female university students, found that although the majority of respondents (73.4%) were aware of menstruation before menarche, most of them experienced fear and panic when it occurred. Mothers were the first to be informed when menstruation occurred, although teachers first provided them knowledge on menstruation.[10]
The challenge, of addressing the socio-cultural taboos and beliefs in menstruation, is to understand the environmental and cultural determents, which govern women reactions to menstruation.
A cross-sectional study which was conducted in the Princess Noura University between 2015 and 2016 on the female students from the Princess Noura University, after giving verbal consent.
A questionnaire was used to collect the data. It is covering four domains; readiness, knowledge, myths, and attitude:
Readiness: Six questions validated from previous literature measure the readiness of female's first menstruation. These questions measure the readiness on a 5-point Likert scale. Some examples from these questions are: "Do you feel that you were physically prepared for your first period? Did you have enough stuff (like a pad) when you got your first period?"Knowledge: Five questions assessing the knowledge about menstruation. These questions evaluated how much did females know about menstruation before they got their periods and the source of their informationMyths: These questions are intended to define the commonest myths related to the menstruation as avoiding some foods, some wrong beliefs related to menstruationAttitude: Twelve questions are asking about how do females deal with period and their hygiene levelDemographic data: As age, educational level, social class, and marital status will be included.
Data Management and Analysis
Descriptive statistics regarding means, standard deviations, median, and interquartile ranges will be used to describe criteria of the studied sample. Analysis of quantitative data by t-test and association of qualitative variables by the Chi-square test will be conducted. A P value <0.05 will be considered as statistically significant.
Multivariate analysis will be adopted according to results from the univariate analysis. All statistical analysis will be conducted by the SPSS software (Version 22.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc).
[Table 1], the mean age of the sample (n = 500) was found (21.1 ± 7.8). The two mean menarche age of the studied sample was (13.1 ± 1.7). About 25.8% of our sample was from the health college, while 74.2% was from the non-health college. Regarding the marital status, the majority of our sample was single, about 9% was married, and only 1.2% of our studied sample was divorced/widowed. The parents working in the medical field constituted only 7.6% of our studied sample. Our data collection were done through the manual distribution of questionnaire in about 70% of the sample, and we used an online submission of questionnaire in about 30% of the sample.{Table 1}
[Table 2], the study shows that the knowledge, attitude, and readiness of participants about menstruation are relatively weak. The majority (73.4%) of the participants were not able to correctly recognize why girls get their period. Similarly, the percentage of students having a negative attitude about menstruation is 78.4% (370). Not surprisingly, readiness percentage is identical with those of negative attitude since they are strongly related, the statistics show that 78.4% (385) of the participants were not ready.{Table 2}
[Table 2] also shows that the primary source of information for the participants about menstruation was the mothers 66.8% (334). Teachers came in second place with 37.2% (186), and surprisingly in the last place are the health professionals such as doctors and nurses by 4.2% (21).
[Table 3] shows girls that believe in common myths about the menstrual cycle. The commonest myth believed among participants were drinking cold beverages negatively affect the menstruation (89.6%), showering with cold water harmfully affect their mensuration (85.4%), and carrying heavy objects during the period will cause uterus prolapse. About 70% of participants believe that showering with hot water increases the amount of menstrual blood. Moreover, 252 girls (69.8%) agreed that cutting hair during menstruation stops hair from growing again. Eating pickles (64.6%) and dairy products (27.6%) were considered injurious during menstruation. About 79% of participants agreed that menstruation pain would decrease after marriage and even 66.6% believed that painkiller use during menses is hurtful.{Table 3}
[Table 4] shows factors affecting the knowledge, attitude, and readiness of the studied sample. Students of health colleges showed significantly better knowledge of the menstruation when compared to students of non-health colleges (39.5% versus 16.4%, P < 0.01) and they were more ready and prepared for their first menses (70.5% compared to 60.9%). Regarding the age, younger students were more prepared than older students (67.9% versus 59.2%), and this difference was statistically significant.{Table 4}
According to the source of information, students whose mothers were the main source of information were more ready, had a better attitude, and better level of knowledge when compared to other students. However, this difference was not statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Students who participated in the study via an online survey showed significantly better knowledge and attitude when compared to paper surveys. On the other hand, no significant difference was detected between both groups regarding their level of readiness.
The menstrual cycle is a widely acceptable indicator of changes occurring during the adolescent stage. The natural changes that happen in the uterus and ovaries as an essential part of reproduction are accompanied by a change in the physical, psychological, and social aspects of a woman's life. In this study, researchers determined the knowledge, readiness, and myths on this monthly cycle among students of the Princess Noura University.
A relevant literature search revealed that the body of knowledge surrounding women's menstrual cycle remains tainted by age-old myths and taboos and Saudi females are of no exception.
In this present study, the mean age menarche of the respondents is 13 + 1.7 which conforms with a study conducted by Ali and Rizvi (2010) who reported a menarche range of 12–17 years old.
The results of the study highlighted that only 26.6% of the participants had good scores regarding menstrual knowledge and beliefs which corroborates the findings of a study in Jeddah by Karout.[12] This result may mean that Saudi females like other adolescent girls lack knowledge regarding reproductive health, including menstrual hygiene, which can be due to socio-cultural barriers and restrictions in which they grow up.[11] The lack of proper knowledge about menstruation may lead to a negative attitude and misconceptions about this natural physiological process and may have adverse health effects. This is evident with the result of this study with 78.4% having a negative attitude on menstruation.
When respondents were asked to whom they got their information about menstruation, it is not surprising that 66.8% answered from their mothers which correlate with studies conducted in Jeddah 58.8%,[12] in Iran 55%,[13] and in India 54%.[14] Also, 37.2% received menstrual information from teachers, 27% from sisters, and 21% from the internet.
A similar study was conducted about menstrual knowledge and beliefs among Lebanese adolescents show that 35.5% changed their food habit and 22% omitted cold drinks.[15] A study in Saudi revealed that 50% of the participants had many restrictions regarding food, drink, and activities.[16] These results are relevant to this study as 64.4% of respondents believe that eating pickles has effects on menstruation, 89.6% agreed that drinking cold beverages affects menstruation badly, 35.4% says exercise has a negative effect on menstruation, 85.4% thought that carrying heavy objects during the period will cause the uterus to prolapse, and 70% considered that cutting hair during menstruation stops hair from growing again. These results indicate a lack of scientific knowledge on menstruation. As shown in many previous studies[11],[13],[15],[17] the information and myths toward menstruation are transferring from generation to generation by mothers, no matter what the educational level of participants was.
In the Lebanese study, 66.9% of the participants did not take a shower during the first 3 days of menstruation and 16.5% did not take showers at all during menstruation.[15] In Saudi study, 71.7% of Saudi girls did not take showers during the first 3 days of menstruation.[16] In our study, 48.6% believe that showering, in general, affects your menstruation.
In this study, students of health colleges showed significantly better knowledge on menstruation when compared to students of non-health colleges (39.5% versus 16.4%, P < 0.01) and were more ready and prepared for their first menses (70.5% compared to 60.9%). Younger students are more prepared than that of the older students on menstruation, and the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.01). This observation may be explained by the fact that menstruation along with other physiologic processes of the body are discussed in some early courses of the allied health curriculum.
When the source of information was compared, students whose mothers were the main source of information were more ready, had a better attitude, and better level of knowledge than those from other sources. However, this difference was not statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Students who participated in the study via an online survey showed significantly better knowledge and attitude when compared to paper surveys. On the other hand, no significant difference was detected between both groups regarding their level of readiness. However, there is no sufficient basis to claim that it is the use of the internet that made these respondents more knowledgeable.
The low level of knowledge, as well as the myths believed by the respondents about menstruation, could be alarming especially on the aspect of reproductive health. Hence, the result of this study can serve as a starting point to intensify health education campaign and programs about menstruation especially among those who are in non-health colleges. This may help empower adolescents to delineate between physiologic and abnormal uterine bleeding.[18]
A study in Bangladesh revealed that after health education, participants reported a significant improvement in "knowledge and beliefs" scores as well as in the overall good menstrual practices. They also said significant improvements in the regularity of their menstrual cycle and fewer complications during menstruation. These results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a health education program for the adolescents.[19]
The results of the study depict that the respondents lack proper knowledge of information relevant to menstruation. This included the importance of increasing awareness and giving accurate information using scientific sources, such as schools, colleges, or health team members. It is recommended that menstruation be discussed in courses such as sciences to increase the level of knowledge of female students and consequently to improve their attitude toward this physiologic process. Other sources such as media outlets may be used to increase awareness among mothers in the community. This may aid in preventing any future physical problems, increasing self-confidence, and improving quality of life.
1 Garage S, Anand T. Menstruation related myths in India: Strategies for combating it. J Family Med Prim Care 2015;4:184-6.
2 White LR. Newly Postmenarcheal Adolescents' Understanding of Menarche and Menstruation Across Race and Income Level as Defined by Qualification Status for Free or Reduced Lunches. Available from: http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/9671/. [Last accessed on 2015 Nov 25].
3 Umeora OU, Egwuatu VE. Menstruation in Rural Igbo Women of South East Nigeria: Attitudes, Beliefs and Practices. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20695163. [Last accessed on 2015 Nov 25].
4 Dasgupta A, Sarkar M. Menstrual hygiene: How hygienic is the adolescent girl?. Indian J Community Med 2008;33:77-80.
5 Haque SE, Rahman M, Itsuko K, Mutahara M, Sakisaka K. The effect of a school-based educational intervention on menstrual health: An intervention study among adolescent girls in Bangladesh. BMJ Open 2013;4:e004607.
6 Firat MZ, Kulakaç O, Oncel S, Akcan A. Menstrual attitude questionnaire: Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis with Turkish samples. J Adv Nurs 2008;65:652-62.
7 Santra S. Assessment of knowledge regarding menstruation and practices related to maintenance of menstrual hygiene among the women of reproductive age group in a slum of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Int J Community Med Public Health 2017;4:708-12.
8 Srivastava S, Chandra M. Study on the knowledge of school girls regarding menstrual and reproductive health and their perceptions about family life education program. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2017;6:688-93.
9 Chothe V, Khubchandani J, Seabert D, Asalkar M, Rakshe S, Firke A, et al. Students' perceptions and doubts about menstruation in developing countries: A case study from India. Health Promot Pract 2014;15:319-26.
10 Ameade EP, Garti HA. Relationship between female university students' knowledge on menstruation and their menstrual hygiene practices: A study in Tamale, Ghana. Adv Prev Med 2016;2016:1056235.
11 Ali TS, Rizvi SN. Menstrual knowledge and practices of female adolescents in urban Karachi. Pakistan J Adolesc 2010;33:531-41.
12 Karout N. Knowledge and beliefs regarding menstruation among Saudi nursing students. J Nurs Educ Prac 2016;6:23.
13 Pourislami M, Osati-Ashtiani F. Assessing knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of adolescent girls in Suburban districts of Tehran about Dysmen-Orrhea and menstrual hygiene. J Int Womens Stud 2002;3:51-61.
14 Omidvar S, Begum K. Factors influencing hygienic practices during menses among girls from south India- A cross sectional study. Int J Collaborative Res Internal Med Public Health 2010;2:411-23.
15 Jarrah SS, Kamel AA. Attitudes and practices of school-aged girls towards menstruation. Int J Nurs Prac 2012;18:308-15.
16 Santina T, Wehbe N, Ziade FM, Nehme, M. Assessment of beliefs and practices relating to menstrual hygiene of adolescent girls in Lebanon. Int J Health Sci Res 2013;3:75-88.
17 El-Hameed NA, Mohamed MS, Ahmed NH, Ahmed ER. Assessment of dysmenorrhea and menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent girls in some nursing schools at EL-Minia governorate. Egypt J Am Sci 2011;7:223.
18 Akpenpuun JR, Azende PM. Menstrual knowledge and practices among adolescents females in Makurdi Metropolis. GJISS 2014;3:113-21.
19 Haque SE, Rahman M, Itsuko K, Mutahara M, Sakisaka K. The effect of a school-based educational intervention on menstrual health: An intervention study among adolescent girls in Bangladesh. BMJ Open 2014;4:e004607.
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Holly Hunter Lands Roles in Both 'Still I Rise' and 'Romeo and Juliet'
Though the past few years she's been caught up in the television show "Saving Grace" (which got her a couple Emmy nominations) actress Holly Hunter has turned in some fine work in films like The Incredibles, O Brother Where Art Thou and especially Broadcast News. Now Deadline reports Hunter has just landed two films roles which will mark her first turn on the big screen since 2005's The Big White. The first will have Hunter joining Viola Davis and Maggie Gyllenaal in Still I Rise, a project we heard about in a recent Casting Tidbits. The second will see Hunter starring in a new version of Romeo and Juliet alongside Hailee Steinfeld.
The first project comes from Daniel Barnz (Beastly) and tells the story of two mothers who channel frustration into action and join forces to transform a Pittsburgh inner-city public school. Hunter will play the head of the teacher's union. With the new Shakespeare adaptation, Italian director Carlo Carlei will direct another take on the classic tragic romance with Steinfeld playing Juliet. Though it's not clear what role Hunter will take, I'm willing to bet she'll play the matriarch of either the Capulet or the Montague family. Interestingly enough both actresses have worked with the Coen Brothers, so they should have something to talk about on set. Hunter has a unique presence and genuine talent onscreen, so I'm looking forward to seeing her in movies again. How about you?
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Good for her! It's about time these 'real' actresses made a splash again in the movies!!!!
Blue Silver on May 20, 2011

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Neil Turner 04/01/2020 04/01/2020 Anthropology, anthropology articles online, anthropology course, anthropology documentaries online, anthropology lectures online, Social Cultural Anthropology
It was the early 1990s, while working at the American College of Physicians in Philadelphia, I became interested in epidemiology. With all the doctors around (there were twelve different medical sub-specialties at ACP), it was not hard to be impressed with their serious demeanor about medicine but more important – their extraordinary knowledge. Some years later, I found myself studying medical anthropology and epidemiology in California. One area that fascinated me was infectious diseases and particularly the bubonic plague and the devastating impact it had on just about everything during the 14th century. Also, I was concerned with how it took centuries for the world to return to normal. Even more important, I was amazed at how the plague changed the balance of power in the world socioeconomically and the role the disease played in effecting that change.
Generations of scholars have attempted to understand more clearly the cultural, social and economic impacts of pandemics. When confronting the complexities of these events, many found that not only do they inflict demographic carnage but also cause long-lasting and sometimes permanent changes to socioeconomic institutions and critical infrastructures in countries around the world. The possibility of another worldwide influenza pandemic is a grave concern. There are a number of research studies, reports, and lectures concerning the impact of another worldwide influenza pandemic and the catastrophic effects it could cause to human life and economic stability. In 2005, for example, the World Bank estimated that a global influenza pandemic would cost the world economy an estimated $800 billion and kill tens of millions of people. Research conducted by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated deaths could reach 207,000 and cost to the U.S. economy in the range of $166 billion. While the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services estimated up to 1.9 million deaths and nearly $200 billion in economic costs could be the result of another outbreak. In almost all case studies concerning pandemics, many of the scenarios are based on the global influenza pandemic of 1918 (the Spanish flu pandemic) and the historic Black Death (magna pestilencia) of 1347-1351 that killed about 60 million people. The almost unlimited number of comparisons and analyses tend to focus on two major areas – the demographic and economic consequences. However, it is important to understand that in the case of the Spanish flu pandemic, there is more data available on pandemic mortalities than economic data, and in the case of the Black Death, systematic evidence is limited to governmental documents, ecclesiastical records, and commercial archives. It is likely that the absence of data is one reason for some of the scarcity of research on the subject but for the most part, the demographic and economic similarities of these two pandemics can provide some insight into the effects of pandemics as agents of global change. The point here is that for at least two decades, scientists, researchers, medical professionals, journalists, and some very astute business professionals knew another pandemic was heading our way.
Given the importance of modeling to infectious disease research, the Spanish flu pandemic is critically important when making comparisons between the bubonic pandemic historically and as a model for future infectious disease outbreaks. Although there is limited data available, these two events can be useful in making reasonable inferences concerning the consequences of a modern-day pandemic.
In describing the structure and rate of mortality, the Spanish pandemic of 1918 had three distinct waves beginning in March 1918 and continuing throughout the spring of 1919. The most devastating waves were the second (fall of 1918) and the third (Spring of 1919). The pandemic's impact was most devastating to the states of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Colorado with the highest mortality rates. As the disease moved westward, some cities were able to minimize the impact by taking precautions such as closing schools, churches, and limiting commercial activities essentially self-quarantining and practicing social distancing. Under normal circumstances, mortality rates from a typical influenza season are highest among the very young and the very old. But the Spanish pandemic showed mortality rates highest among the population aged 18 through 40 and more for males than females. Also, individuals with the strongest immune systems were more likely to die than individuals with weaker immune systems. Even more striking, the fact that males in the 18 – 40 age category that were hardest hit by the disease caused serious economic consequences for families. This was due to the loss of the primary wage earner in families. More indirectly, these consequences impacted many businesses.
With the Black Death, the most significant factor impacting demographic and economic consequences was several recurrences of the disease over a longer period of time. For example, England over the period of 1351 to 1485, considering both local and national recurrences, endured thirty years of the plague. Also, Hamburg, Cologne, Nuremberg, and Perugia were hit nineteen times each in the fifteenth century. During the second plague (pestis secunda) of 1361 – 1362, recurrences were ten to twenty percent less, and ten to fifteen percent less during the third plague (pestis tertia) of 1369. The Black Death's persistence is viewed as a reason for a slower demographic recovery and deeper socioeconomic consequences. It is worth stressing that the plague seemed to have a preference for urban over rural, men over women, poor over affluent and young over-mature in its demographic selection. In fact, during the second plague, eyewitnesses reported that the disease's preference for young over older adults caused it to become known as the Children's Plague (pestis puerorum mortalité des enfants). Further, the catastrophic demographic shift caused by the plague rippled through the agrarian economy devastating productivity, cultivation, and exacerbating an already existing imbalance between population and food supply. In the aftermath, landed gentry and peasants attempted to readjust to the economic consequences of a smaller agricultural labor pool. Before the plague, the economic advantage belonged to the landed gentry in terms of a rising population. This made it possible for lords to keep wages low, and rents and prices high. However, the plague swung the advantage in favor of the peasant. In fact, the rural worker was able to demand and receive higher wages. For example, wages in England rose from twenty to twenty-eight percent during the decade of the 1340s to 1350s and twenty to forty percent from the 1340s to the 1360s. Another economic change resulting from all this was the increases in the supply of gold and silver on a per capita basis which unleashed substantial inflation in prices. More importantly, this inflation reduced the purchasing power of the peasant to the extent that even with higher wages, his earnings bought him no more and often significantly less than before the plague. Similarly, cities and states having greater mortality rates during the Spanish flu pandemic experienced an increase in manufacturing wage growth over the period 1914 through 1919. Studies show that mortality rates had a direct impact on wages in the manufacturing sector in U.S. cities and states during and immediately following the outbreak. Also, the reduction in manufacturing labor supply, in addition to increasing the marginal product of labor and capital per worker led to increases in real wages for workers. Apparently, states with higher mortality rates had a greater increase in capital per worker and higher incomes after the pandemic.
For the most part, then, lessons in terms of a modern-day pandemic based on research conducted on these two pandemics show an extremely severe impact in billions of dollars lost and hundreds of thousands or even millions of lost lives. Research shows that cities are likely to have more deaths than rural areas; low-income groups will have a greater chance of death because the majority of low-income groups live in urban areas; depending on the duration and severity of the outbreak, health care system facilities may be overwhelmed; local quarantines would likely hurt businesses – employees would be laid off, and small businesses could suffer huge revenue losses. Perhaps one of the most important impacts is a severe interruption to critical infrastructure operations such as gas and electricity, food and water supply chains, transportation and communications. These services depend upon a workforce and if a workforce succumbs to illness – there are huge vulnerabilities. The larger point is that a modern-day pandemic could possibly be more severe and virulent than the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.
Brahmbhatt, Milan. (Sept. 23, 2005) "Avian Influenza: Economic and Social Impacts." Speech. World Bank, Washington, D.C.; Meltzer, M.; Cox, N.; and Fukunda, K. (1999). "The Economic Impact of Pandemic Influenza in the United States: Priorities for Intervention." Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(5): 659-671.; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2005). "HHS Pandemic Influenza Plan." Washington, D.C.; Barry, John M. (2004). The Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Deadliest Plague in History. Penguin Group, New York; Crosby.; Alfred W. (2003). America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK.; U.S. Census Bureau. Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2005, Table (www.census.gov/prod/2006pubs/p60-231.pdf).; Crosby, Alfred W. (2003). America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, page 82.; Grant, T. A. (2007). Economic Effects of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Implications for a Modern-day Pandemic. St. Louis: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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Крвна освета је обичај карактеристичан за недовољно развијена друштва, да конфликт између две фамилије или кланова, започет убиством члана једне фамилије се наставља међусобним убијањем, једног по једног мушкарца. Термин који се користи је да једна фамилија другој "дугује крв" и дуг се враћа само убиством мушкарца из друге фамилије. Крвна освета је један од традиционалних обичаја од којих је најпознатији Канон Леке Дукађинија. Овај канон недвосмислено каже да "уколико један човек убије другога, мушки члан породице мора узвратити истом мером".

Овај обичај постоји и данас на неким подручјима Европе као што су подручја Космета, Албаније, Црне Горе, Херцеговине, Сардиније, Кампања, Апулија, Крита, Корзике и Сицилије. Обичај постоји и ван Европе међу: Паштунима у Авганистану, Курдима у Ираку и Турској, у Сомалији, међу Берберима у Алжиру, у Асаму - Индија, између Шита и Сунита, у јужној Етиопији, у неким деловима Дагестана, Азербејџана, на северном Кавказу и Чеченима. Међу противничким клановима на Филипинима и Кини.

У Албанији у септебру 2013. године више стотина деце није ишло у школу због крвне освете.

Повод

Повод је обично сукоб између два мушкарца око међе, око девојке, саобраћајне несреће или било чега другог, које се, с обзиром на општи примитивизам, низак ниво културе и толеранције завршава убиством. У породици убице убиство се оправдава "светлим образом", "чашћу" и сличним.

Рат између фамилија
Фамилија која "дугује крв" односно чији је члан убио члана друге фамилије, прелази на посебан начин живота. Мушкарци, осим деце мушког пола до 15 година старости, не излазе ван дворишта куће, која је и због ових разлога опасана високим зидом или живе у посебним утврђењима као на слици. Све послове набавке хране, рада у пољу, чувања стоке и слично преузимају жене и деца. То тако траје док се неко од чланова фамилије не "превари" и изађе напоље где га чека одабрани припадник друге фамилије да га убије. Убиством се спор не измирује већ почиње спирала смрти па сада "дуг крви" прелази на другу фамилију. Ако одабрани екгзекутор одбије да убије члана непријатељске фамилије сматра се кукавицом, фамилија га се одриче и то се сматра највећом срамотом.

Измирење
Измирење се тешко постиже и дешава се после обично 20-30 година међусобног убијања када се већ скоро нико не сећа како и када је сукоб почео. Тада "савет мудраца" села, или племе започиње дугачке преговоре са обе фамилије да фамилија која "дугује крв" дуг исплати у новцу. После обично дугих преговора долази до измирења јавно пред целим племеном и фамилија која је добила паре, тј. њен најстарији члан се рукује са најстаријим чланом друге фамилије и јавно изјавио да је дуг измирен.

Пример крвне освете је лепо приказао култни филм "Кум" по роману Марија Пуза са Марлон Брандом, Ал Пачином у главним улогама.

Крвна освета код Срба

Петар I Петровић Његош је у својим посланицама и писмима често спомињао ове сукобе Брђана, Црногораца, Херцеговаца... Примирје се звало "вјера", "ухватити вјеру" с неким на неки одређени период. Тако он у писмима Његушима и архимандриту Јосифу 1813. године пише  :

Срби имају изреку Ко се не освети, тај се не посвети.

Референце

Обичаји
Правна историја
Криминал

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Adani Group a prominent name in the real estate sector founded in the year 1988 is once again setting its new development in the heart of Gurgaon to conceptualize a new age residential hub for the modern families who are looking for a complete address brimming with new features, wide space, advanced security system and eco friendly ambience.
# What makes this new property worth for Investment?
Needless to say, the leading builder has added everything to this new project to get its own niche in the market and most importantly, its high development and matchless features pump up the level of this new project "Adani Samsara Vilasa" which is a part of 75 acres of township so that it gives freedom to its residents to explore more and more with the family.
In addition to this, the new GST rates have also added up the number of inventories in the and also the number of developments because the home buyers and investors are looking for a complete home space but in less Real Estate GST rates, so this opportunity welcomes the novice home buyers like you who really want to move a better address that has reasons to ameliorate the lifestyle fully.
# Will Adani Samsara Vilasa be able to make its presence?
Of course, it is going to make it because this project is a part of a big township dotted over 75 acres of area and already it has fetched immense attention, so those who did not able to buy a home in Adani Samsara apartments can now buy their own home in Adani Samsara Vilasa sector 63, Gurgaon.
# What makes it a Better Project?
It is obvious to mention, the project, the builder and the location collectivity spur the value of the project so that the investors and home buyers can get a property filled with all new features to start setting its mark and let you enjoy a home that is one of the Hot Properties in Gurgaon and worth its weight in gold.


text:
Q: Can't move my widget position which writed in .py file Hello and thanks for reading. I have trouble about move widget position on screen. Actually i checked widget's position, its changing as i want but at the screen i can't see any changing. I tried this too, in for loop self.remove_widget(i) and then self.add_widget(i). But there is nothing changed too.
.py file :
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import ScreenManager,Screen
from kivy.uix.widget import Widget
from kivy.graphics import Color,Rectangle
from random import randint

class Page(Screen):

    def on_enter(self, *args):
        self.list1 = []
        self.list2 = []
        self.currentball = 0

    def add(self):
        self.currentball += 1
        self.list1.append('Ball[{}]'.format(self.currentball))
        self.list2.append(self.list1[len(self.list1)-1])
        print('List1 => ',self.list1)
        print('List2 => ',self.list2)
        #Widget oluşturalım:
        self.list2[len(self.list1)-1] = Widget(size_hint=(.1,.1),pos=(randint(100,200),randint(250,500)))
        with self.list2[len(self.list1)-1].canvas:
            Color(1,1,1,1)
            Rectangle(source='worker.png',size=self.list2[len(self.list1)-1].size,pos=self.list2[len(self.list1)-1].pos)
        self.add_widget(self.list2[len(self.list1)-1])

    def move(self):
        for i in self.list2:
            i.pos[0] += randint(0,20)
            print(i.pos)

    def remove(self):
        self.update()

class ScMn(ScreenManager):
    pass

class test2(App):
    def build(self):
        return ScMn()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test2().run()

.kv file :
<ScMn>:
    Page:
        name: 'page'
        id: pageid

<Page>:
    RelativeLayout:
        Button:
            size_hint: .1,.1
            pos: 0,0
            text: 'Add'
            on_press: root.add()
        Button:
            size_hint: .1,.1
            pos_hint:{'x':.1,'y':0}
            text: 'Move'
            on_press: root.move()
        Button:
            size_hint: .1,.1
            pos_hint:{'x':.2,'y':0}
            text: 'RemoveLast'
            on_press: root.remove()

Thanks for answering already...

A: *

*Implement a custom widget class, e.g. MyWidget() with method to update pos and size

*Replace Widget(...) with MyWidget(...)

*Remove with self.list2[len(self.list1)-1].canvas: ... because it is done in the new class MyWidget()
Snippets
class MyWidget(Widget):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        super(MyWidget, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        with self.canvas:
            self.rect = Rectangle(pos=self.pos, size=self.size)
        self.bind(pos=self.update_rect, size=self.update_rect)

    def update_rect(self, *args):
        self.rect.pos = self.pos
        self.rect.size = self.size

class Page(Screen):

    ...
    def add(self):
        ...
        self.list2[len(self.list1) - 1] = MyWidget(size_hint=(.1, .1), pos=(randint(100, 200), randint(250, 500)))
        self.add_widget(self.list2[len(self.list1) - 1])

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home Science News
NASA's deceleration system for Martian landings looks like an UFO. [UPDATED: launch postponed]
Today, NASA is performing a new test round for its low-density supersonic decelerator (LDSD), which is basically a giant stop and break system for heavy duty crafts landing on Mars. Both the Curiosity Rover (2012) and the twin Viking probes (1976) used the same parachute to slow their supersonic descent and land safely on the Martian surface. These parachutes, however, can't handle more than a tone worth of payload, and if humans are ever to touch the planet's surface they'd need to land 15 to 20 tones of payload. The LDSD system deployed by NASA and slated for a test run above the Pacific might be the technology we've been waiting for.
by Tibi Puiu
in News, Space
Today, NASA is performing a new test round for its low-density supersonic decelerator (LDSD), which is basically a giant stop and brake system for heavy duty crafts landing on Mars. Both the Curiosity Rover (2012) and the twin Viking probes (1976) used the same parachute to slow their supersonic descent and land safely on the Martian surface. These parachutes, however, can't handle more than a tone worth of payload, and if humans are ever to touch the Red Planet's surface they'd need to land 15 to 20 tonnes of payload – in other words, we're gonna need a bigger parachute. The LDSD system deployed by NASA and slated for a test run above the Pacific might be the technology we've been waiting for.
**UPDATE: because of unfavorable ocean conditions, NASA's LDSD test vehicle launch was postponed. More details here.
The LDSD system. Image: NASA
Landing a probe, rover or craft of any kind on Mars is no trifle. The atmosphere of Mars has less than 1% the thickness of Earth's atmosphere but it's a lot thicker than that of the Moon. This means we can't use the same deceleration and touch down procedures we've become used to for the lunar landings, nor for Earth-bound atmospheric re-entries. Yes, a parachute is common for landings on Earth and Mars, but since the atmosphere is much thinner the drag is proportionally lower. To increase air resistance, the LDSD uses an inflatable doughnut-shaped airbag made from Kevlar. This comes in two versions: the 6-meter in diameter SIAD-R meant for landing robots like the next rover bound for Mars, and the 8-meter SIAD-E for human missions.
How it looks like alongside a human. Image: NASA
The SIAD-E is the most interesting to us. According to models made by NASA, the SIAD-E should slow down a manned craft, like the Orion capsule, from 2,600 mph (x3.5 speed of sound) to 1,400 mph in under three minutes. At this point, a parachute 30.5 meters in diameter deploys for a slow landing.
The LDSD is slated for its test run off the coast of the U.S. Navy's Pacific Missile Range Facility in Kauai, Hawaii on Tuesday, June 2 between 1:30pm and 3pm ET (June 3, 3.30am and 5am AEST). To simulate a Martian landing, NASA is deploying the giant saucer deceleration system in the stratosphere, where the atmosphere is a lot thinner than at ground level. First, a high-altitude helium balloon will carry the test vehicle to an altitude of 120,000 feet. At this point, the balloon releases the vehicle which should free fall for a couple thousand feet before it turns on its rocket boosters to climb to an altitude of 180,000 feet and speeds of 2,880 mph. This is the closest we can get to a Martian-like descent. Once here, the SIAD-E inflates and goes about the sequence described earlier.
The launch and deploy procedure for the test run slated today above the Pacific. Image: NASA
This is the system's second test. Last year, the SIAD-E was deployed for the first time. The craft splashed off the Hawaiian coast in the Pacific and was retrieved completely intact, which partially made it a successful run. I said partially, because immediately after the parachute was deployed it got ripped into smithereens. This time around, NASA used a parachute made out of another material. It was also reinforced and restructured so that if a part happens to shred, the rest won't follow and will remain intact.
Moments after it was first deployed last year, the LSDS parachute shattered into pieces due to immense friction force. GIF: NASA
"We saw things that we've never seen or imagined existed before," LDSD lead researcher Ian Clark, with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., told reporters during a conference call Monday.
"We saw a much more dynamic and much more turbulent parachute inflation than we had ever known … things like the suspension lines exploding like lightning, moving in a very chaotic manner all over the place," Clark said.
Tags: Marsnasa


When John Gold, an ex-Special Forces soldier turned mercenary, learns of the murder of his best friend, Dan — and Dan's parents — he heads to their hometown, seeking justice. Gold soon discovers Dan and his father were murdered while investigating a Special Forces unit led by an enigmatic, highly decorated soldier named Hatcher who went rogue in Afghanistan. Gold's vengeance is unleashed, as he sets out to take down the killers in this suspense-filled thrill-ride.
Title Copyright: I Am Vengeance © 2017 Plumcourt Films. All Rights Reserved. Artwork & Supplementary Materials © 2018 Saban Films LLC. All Rights Reserved.


Reports making rounds indicates that American rapper Young Thug may be slammed with jail term after he was issued an arrest warrant in Georgia.
The rapper who was arrested in September 2017 has been declared wanted in Dekalb County in connection with eight felony charges filed a few days ago, TMZ reports.
Concise News understands that the rapper was arrested and charged with possession of firearm and drugs with the intention to distribute them.


text:
Glen Gower
Glen Gower (born 1978) is a Canadian politician. He was elected to Ottawa City Council representing Stittsville Ward in the 2018 Ottawa municipal election.
Ottawa City Councillor
Assumed office
Shad Qadri
Stittsville Ward
Fairwinds, Stittsville
Gower grew up in the neighbourhood of Tanglewood in Nepean, Ontario, now part of Ottawa. He attended Merivale High School, where he helped start a school newspaper. He received a bachelor's degree in journalism from Carleton University. While at Carleton, he started a website to track gas prices in Ottawa, which would later be bough out by GasBuddy. Later, he would start the website OttawaStart.com. He moved to Stittsville in 2009. After moving there, he helped create a community association for the neighbourhood. Prior to being elected, he was the director of Marketing and Communications with Iceberg Networks. He has also worked in marketing and communications with the Ottawa 67's and Ottawa Senators hockey teams,[1] where he was also the organist. He served as the director of game presentation for the Senators until 2013.
Ideologically, Gower has been described as a "moderate", and has stated that he has "voted for every political party".[2] He is an admirer of former Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, whom he calls a "social trailblazer".[3] One of his websites he created in his youth was dedicated to Diefenbaker.
Gower won election to city council in 2018, campaigning on "healthier development". He defeated three-term incumbent Shad Qadri with 58% of the vote to Qadri's 42%.
https://www.glengower.ca/about/
https://ottawacitizen.com/news/politics/he-was-nameless-organ-player-that-brought-rink-to-its-feet-now-glen-gowers-at-centre-ice
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/stittsville-ward-ottawa-municipal-election-2018-1.4791954
Members of the Ottawa City Council
Brockington
Darouze
El-Chantiry
Hubley
Kavanagh
Leiper
Luloff
Meehan
Sudds
Tierney
Ottawa City Hall
Ottawa municipal election, 2018


text:
Dem Rep. Ron Kind Retiring, Opening Key 2022 Seat For Republicans To Flip
Martin WalshFebruary 11, 2022
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi suffered a major blow this week that could put Republicans one step closer to retiring the California Democrat.
Pelosi has a slim majority in the U.S. House of Representatives and if Republicans win back the lower chamber, it's already being reported that she will retire.
With redistricting about to take place across the country — which will result in Republicans picking up some seats — even many Democrats believe they will lose control of the House in the 2022 midterm elections.
Now, a longtime Wisconsin Democratic Rep. Ron Kind has announced that he will not run for re-election.
"The truth is I've run out of gas," Kind told reporters.
Kind, who has served in the U.S. Congress since 1997, is the last Democrat in Wisconsin outside of the Milwaukee and Madison areas.
His seat is seen by many as one that Republicans are primed to flip next November.
Wisconsin Republican Chairman Andrew Hitt on Tuesday said Kind's time in office was coming to an end, whether he chose to retire or not.
"Ron Kind's days in Congress have numbered thanks to the tireless efforts of Derrick Van Orden. Republicans are well-positioned to win this congressional seat for the first time in a quarter-century," Hitt said.
Van Orden, the Republican candidate in Kind's district, also released a statement.
"I would like to thank Rep. Kind for serving in Washington for the last 24 years, and I wish him the best in his retirement," Van Orden said. "Our campaign has shown that the people of the 3rd are ready for a proven, tested Leader in Washington who will stand up to Nancy Pelosi's radical agenda, and ensure that our children and grandchildren will live in a safe and prosperous nation."
A top House Democrat is warning that the Republican Party is in a prime position to take back the lower chamber in the 2022 midterm elections.
Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee Chairman Sean Patrick, who serves as a congressman from New York, says Democrats would lose their House majority if the midterms were held today.
Speaking with Politico, Tim Persico, executive director of the Maloney-led DCCC, shared data with incumbents showing that several House Democrats are at risk of losing their seats to Republican challengers.
"We are not afraid of this data … We're not trying to hide this," Persico told Politico. "If [Democrats] use it, we're going to hold the House. That's what this data tells us, but we gotta get in action."
"The point is, to make sure that we're all on the same page, that we understand the stakes. Here's the good news: Everything we are doing and everything we've talked about doing is incredibly popular," he added.
Democrats are facing serious headwinds going into next year.
Three-quarters of senior Capitol Hill aides think Republicans are going to win back control of the House of Representatives in the 2021 midterm elections.
Punchbowl News surveyed several senior Capitol Hill aides and reported that a whopping 73 percent think Republicans will take the speaker's gavel from Democrat Rep. Nancy Pelosi next November.
Republicans need a net gain of 5 seats to regain the House majority in the midterms next November.
Seventy-five percent of Hill staffers believe Democrats will retain the Senate majority.
This is up five percent from the last survey. Democrats currently have a 50-50 split with Republicans in Congress's upper chamber.
The GOP has another big advantage now: they are raking in historical amounts of money.
Republicans set a fundraising record for the third month in a row and now have $42.1 million in cash on hand with zero dollars in debt.
House Republicans also have history on their side as they aim to regain the chamber.
The party that controls the White House, which is currently the Democrats, on average loses roughly 25 House seats in the midterm elections.
And the once-in-a-decade redistricting process – pegged to the 2020 census – is expected to generally favor Republicans over Democrats.


text:
Римська імперія об'єднана під правлінням Констанція II. У Китаї правління династії Цзінь. В Індії починається період імперії Гуптів. В Японії триває період Ямато. У Персії править династія Сассанідів.

На території лісостепової України Черняхівська культура. У Північному Причорномор'ї готи й сармати. Історики VI століття згадують плем'я антів, що мешкало на території сучасної України десь із IV сторіччя.

Події
 Перський шах Шапур II розпочав вторгнення в Південну Вірменію. Після 73 днів облоги йому вдалося взяти місто Аміда, але через великі втрати перський наступ призупинився.
 Констанцій II скликає в Ріміні церковну раду, на яку зібралося 400 єпископів Заходу, східні єпископи проводять паралельну раду в Селевкії. Однак, остаточного вирішення проблеми аріанства досягти не вдалося. Папа Ліберій відмовився підписувати новий символ віри.

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text:
HomeSportsQB Buurma, inadvertent whistle help ENMU hold off Tarleton
QB Buurma, inadvertent whistle help ENMU hold off Tarleton
October 17, 2015 Brad Keith Sports 0
Tarleton State head coach Cary Fowler was angry when officials determined announced an inadvertent whistle would wipe out a muffed punt by Eastern New Mexico that was recovered by his Texans Saturday night. || TheFlashToday.com photo by RUSSELL HUFFMAN
By BRAD KEITH
TheFlashToday.com
STEPHENVILLE (October 16, 2015) — An inadvertent whistle stopped Tarleton (1-5, 1-4) from recovering a muffed punt in Eastern New Mexico (5-2, 2-2) territory late in the third quarter Saturday night, and the Texans never recovered in a 49-44 homecoming loss at Memorial Stadium.
Trailing 35-28, Tarleton punted and Tim Foley muffed an attempted fair catch. Protecting the player, officials blew the play dead, not realizing he wouldn't catch the punt. Tarleton's Jamarquis Durst came away with a clear recovery at the ENMU 39, but by rule, the inadvertent whistle forces a re-play of the down.
Tarleton shanked the ensuing punt out of bounds, and Eastern New Mexico began the fourth quarter with an 8-yard TD run by Jeremy Buurma, part of a big night by the quarterback that included 118 yards and three touchdowns rushing and 141 yards and one score passing.
It's not like the Texans stopped fighting. And it's not like they weren't given a golden opportunity of their own.
Woerner lobbed a pass to Le'Nard Meyers in the back corner of the end zone and Meyers held on while being tackled for a touchdown on fourth-and-one, cutting it to 42-35 with 10:53 still to play.
Then came the golden opportunity – Dakota Hesskew forced a fumble recovered by Chase Varnado, but four plays later Tarleton had to settle fora 29-yard Blake Barnes field goal and still trailed 42-38.
Eastern new Mexico traveled 58 yards in six plays and 2 minutes, 50 seconds to score the game winner on a 13-yard burst by Kamal Cass, making it 49-38 with exactly two minutes remaining.
Tarleton answered in style, with Woerner hitting Le'Nard Meyers and Bubba Tandy twice each to set up a 5-yard TD lob from Woerner to Kason Fornes with 48 seconds let. Woerner had Jabari Anderson open for the two-point conversion but under threw the pass.
It wouldn't have mattered. After the ball was loose momentarily on the ensuing onside kick, Adrian Horton covered it up for ENMU. Jeremy Doucette then converted on the ground on third and short to put the Greyhound win on ice.
Meyers had 11 receptions for 154 yards and 2 touchdowns while Tandy hauled in 10 catches for 113 yards. It's the first time this season two Tarleton receivers have topped the century mark in a game. The same duo both topped 100 yards at Texas A&M-Commerce in an LSC championship semifinal last year. Dominique Martin had five catches for 97 yards Saturday.
Woerner was 30-50 for 382 yards and four touchdowns but also tossed three interceptions. In his first game back from a shoulder injury suffered two weeks ago, Woerner posted his fifth career 300-yard passing performance, his second of the season. The Texans produced a season-best 572 total yards.
Jabari Anderson topped 100 yards rushing for the first time in his career, finishing with 127 yards and two TDs on 16 carries. That included a 69-yard touchdown to tie the game at 28-28 early in the third quarter.
That score completed a stretch of back-and-forth 14-0 runs
Eastern New Mexico had its way over the opening eight minutes of the game, scoring on two long drives with an interception between for a 14-0 lead. Buurma kept it himself for a 24-yard TD run on the opening drive, then tossed a 35-yard TD Cameron Mikell on the second.
Tarleton answered with 14 points about as quickly. The Texans drove 90 yards on nine plays and got on the board with a 21-yard TD run by Anderson. The Tarleton defense then finally got a stop and Woerner went deep to Meyers for a 60-yard score and a 14-14 tie.
The Hounds regained their two-touchdown advantage with a one-yard TD by Cass and a four-yard burst by Buurma with just 1:02 remaining int he half.
Tarleton moved the ball quickly, covering 85 yards in nine plays and 56 seconds to pull within seven on an 11-yard pass from Woerner to Joseph Sadler. The Texans then evened the game with Anderson's longest rush of the season early in the third, beginning the scoring in an equally wild second half.
De'Aundre Sanders returned an interception 51 yards for a touchdown to begin another 14-point ENMU stretch. it concluded with Buurma's 8-yard run with 14:17 remaining in the game, capping a drive that never would have existed if not for the inadvertent whistle on the muffed punt.
Hesskew made 15 tackles for Tarleton and Cody Burtscher finished with 11. Besides his fumble recovery, Varnado also had a tackle for loss when ENMU tried to convert a fourth-and short deep in Tarleton territory early in the fourth.
Cass rushed for 138 yards and two scores for ENMU, which racked up 526 total yards, 385 of them on the ground. The Hounds were led defensively by Lawrence Hall with 12 tackles and an interception.
Five losses in the first six games matches the worst start to a season by Tarleton under head coach Cary Fowler. The Texans lost their first five games before recording a win during his first season as head coach in 2010.
Tarleton, who has not won back-to-back homecomings since 2008 and 2009, hosts Oklahoma Panhandle State, at 7 p.m. next Saturday.
Hinton: Every day is homecoming for me
Tarleton hosts regional collegiate soil judging contest
TexAnns drop super regional series opener
May 16, 2015 Brad Keith Sports, Tarleton State News 0
Special to the Flash Tarleton Athletic Communications SAN ANTONIO – It's known as a game [Click for more]
Texans win Watson Ford Invitational, TexAnns place second
October 6, 2018 debug Sports, zAS-Tarleton, zAS-Top 0
CLINTON, MS – Tarleton dominated from start to finish Saturday afternoon as the Texans took [Click for more]
SPORTS SCHEDULE: Friday, October 28 – Saturday, Oct. 29
October 28, 2016 Brad Keith Sports, zAS-Top 0
FLASH STAFF REPORT TheFlashToday.com STEPHENVILLE (October 28, 2016) — There are important high school football [Click for more]


text:
The 5 Best Machines for Strength Athletes
Barbells Can't Do Everything
"Just Barbell"
I was training with Olympic lifter Dmitry Klokov at this massive gym that featured virtually every machine known to man. He looked around and said in his thick Russian accent, "All of these stuffs... no need. Just barbell. Everything that can be done, can be done with barbell. Just barbell."
He had a point. You could indeed build all the muscle your genetics will allow with a squat rack, a bench, a barbell, and an assload of plates.
But there ARE machines that can supplement barbell training to make it more productive due to their ability to hit certain muscles in a more isolated fashion. Of course, I have to add that no muscle can truly be isolated.
Still, machines allow you to focus on the secondary and tertiary movers involved in compound movements that are often lagging, at least compared to the primary movers. Once you bring those weak areas up to snuff, you'll find that your "just barbell" movements improve as well.
Which machines can benefit the "just barbell" athlete? Let's take a gander.
1 – Seated Leg Curl Machine
Both the seated and lying leg curl are solid choices for working the hamstrings through lower leg flexion, but I've grown to prefer the seated version for several reasons.
The main problem with the lying leg curl is that once the loading gets heavy, most people have a natural tendency to allow the hips to rise off the bench. This reduces tension on the hamstrings by not allowing them to fully shorten against the load.
With the seated version, you're training the hamstrings in hip flexion while fully shortening them as well, putting all that glorious tension right where it's supposed to be.
The seated version also offers you a more stable environment due to the kneepad that locks you into position like you're going on a roller coaster ride. This means better bracing than the lying version.
Do these while driving your knees upwards into the pad to create extra tension. Hamstring cramp city. To make this bad boy even more productive, lean forwards just a bit to mimic a hinge at the hip.
I love using the 10-6-10 method where you start by doing an isometric hold for 10 seconds, follow it up with 6 slow eccentric reps (3-5 seconds), and finish with 10 partial reps. (See video above.)
It's become my go-to on lying leg curls too because the 10-second static hold keeps the ego at bay and ensures I'm using the proper load. If you can't hold the 10-second static position then you're going too heavy. I see a lot of lifters using way too much weight on these, which translates into slop reps that don't stress the targeted muscle effectively.
2 – Adductor and Abductor Machine
The good girl/bad girl machine. These two machines get a bad rap because for a long time women were told to get on them to "shape and tone" their thighs via the bullshit known as spot reduction. In fact, I often have to wait for some little old lady to be done with these before I can hop on. And yeah, I got a few stares along the way. Even from granny.
It's crazy how many people hate these machines because they're not regarded as "hardcore." They saved me from a recurring injury when I was competing in powerlifting. I suffered from a bout of adductor strains during those years that drove me nuts, but once I got really freaking strong on the adductor machine my squat climbed from 635 to 660 pounds.
I'm not saying there was "carryover" to my squat from doing the good-girl machine. But once I stopped having adductor strains, I was able to smash out some very productive squat cycles that allowed those gains to happen. I credit the adductor machine for that.
But I didn't approach it like Suzanne Summers ThighMaster time. I really pushed the progressive overload and worked to get brutally strong on them, eventually working up to using the whole stack for lengthy sets.
With the bad-girl machine, aka the abductor machine, I used it prior to squatting as a way to get my hips and glutes warmed up. I stayed lighter for this movement and worked in the 15-20 rep range. When I initiated a squat workout this way, my squats felt way better and were more "in the groove" right out of the gate.
If you find yourself struggling to hit depth early in your squat session because the loading isn't heavy enough to force you down into position, or that your hips and knees are ornery in the warm-up process, throw these in before squats to potentially alleviate that problem. Three to four sets of 15-20 reps will do the job.
3 – Chest-Supported Row Machine
There's one very common mistake I see in a lot of strength athletes' programs – extra low-back work. They have absolutely zero awareness of just how much work their erectors are already doing.
If you're squatting, deadlifting, and doing standing overhead presses, then your low back is getting a metric butt-ton of work; not even indirect work, but very direct work.
The erectors recover more slowly than any other muscle group, yet guys will do all of the above and then decide to throw in a bunch of barbell rows, T-bar rows, hypers, and a whole slew of other movements where the erectors have to contribute mightily.
I can't tell you how many strength athletes had their squat and deadlift climb up once I removed all of the extra spinal-loading movements. The fact is, fatigue will mask fitness.
The best thing you can do is choose exercises where you give the low back a break from loading while working the musculature around it so that it has a stronger support structure. That's where the chest-supported row comes in. There are countless variations of this machine, but virtually any of them can be a strength athlete's best friend.
It allows you to really smash the entire upper back while giving you a break from more axial loading. Many times this is exactly what you need to get past a plateau.
I like the seated machines rather than the ones where you're lying at a 45-degree angle because the natural tendency on those is to arch very hard once the loading gets heavy, which defeats the whole purpose of choosing the chest-supported version.
If you don't have access to the seated machine, rig up your own with an incline bench and a low cable. The best bar to use in this situation is one with a curve in it so you aren't banging it into the bench and can get your elbows behind you far enough to get a strong contraction in the upper back.
Loading on chest-supported rows is secondary to achieving a strong mind-muscle connection. If you want to really get a smoke show going, do them after your deadlifts. You should feel an immensely strong contraction in the upper back due to the maximal loading and increased neural output that came from the deadlift.
Don't rip the weight on the initiation phase. Pull with a "roll on" rep fashion where you initiate with the upper back in a very deliberate manner and then pull aggressively into the strong peak contraction. Hold that puppy for a second before lowering.
Two to three sets of 10-12 reps will do the job.
4 – Nautilus Pullover (or Rope Pullover)
It truly sucks that the majority of gyms don't carry this piece of equipment. If yours does, consider yourself very lucky because it's the single best overall lat developer there is, bar none. In fact, it might be the single best machine ever developed in terms of muscle building.
The Nautilus pullover eliminates the elbow flexors from the movement, which are the weak links. Instead, this machine works with the shoulder extensors, which allows you to really smash the living hell out of the lats.
There's also resistance at virtually every point within the range of motion. Barbells and dumbbells fall short because they have a descending resistance curve. So it's hard in the beginning, but not a lot going on by the end. (That's what she said.)
The end point of the range of motion is important here because that's where the lats are shortening. Contrast that with the free weight version where there's literally no tension on the lats in that position.
I've seen virtually every variation of pullovers used to recreate the Nautilus pullover, but the only one that gets close is the incline rope pullover. The key in doing these is really execution, but that's the case with most movements.
You don't want to turn incline rope pullovers into a triceps pushdown, so the elbows need to stay slightly bent during the concentric/lifting portion of the movement. And the focus should be in bringing the elbows down and into the waist to really shorten the lats against the load.
At the bottom, you want to try and squeeze the elbows together to maximize the peak contraction. Then really fight the eccentric/negative to increase force production. They're not Nautilus pullovers, but they might have to do.
5 – Assisted Dip Machine
This is another machine that gets poo-poo'd by the strength training community. The thinking is that everyone should be able to do regular dips with their bodyweight, bare minimum, for a set of 20.
I don't disagree with that. If your shoulders are in good health and you've got adequate anterior serratus strength, then dips are a staple in a "just barbell" program. Dips do an amazing job of developing the chest and triceps and, for the most part, have a low degree of injury potential. (I write that even though I suffered a tremendous pec tear doing dips, but I still consider them relatively safe.)
The benefit of the Gravitron or any assisted dip machine is that the shoulder joint isn't dealing with as much torque on it by having to offset the load of your bodyweight. With the Gravitron, you can still get the benefits of dips, but in a more joint-friendly fashion that also allows you to focus on making the muscles do the work, rather than focusing on moving your body through space.
Thanks to the offset loading, you get a chance to "feel around" with different body positions, and that can help you figure out a torso and elbow angle that feels natural for you.
Lastly, you can crank out some bad-ass metabolic stress work with assisted dips. Start by selecting an offset load that allows for 12 reps. Then increase the offset load so that you can do another set of 12 reps, but this time to failure. Increase the load one more time for another set of 12 reps to failure.
If you haven't done a set of these, then you're missing out on some sweet pecs/triceps pump action. These hurt in a really glorious way.
If you're truly maniacal, hop on over to the Smith machine and do a set of Smith machine push-ups with the bar set at the bottom position. If that doesn't smoke all of your pressing muscles to the max, then you're truly dead inside.
The Closing Argument for Machines
There's really no such thing as a crappy machine in the gym. It's really all about your goals, what you're using a machine for, and how you're using it. When you factor in all of that, virtually every machine has some legitimate purpose to it.
And for the strength training athlete whose goal is to put more weight on the bar, machines are good options to build some extra muscle, stay injury free, and work around some nagging areas that are keeping you from progressing further.
Related: The Final Word – Free Weights vs. Machines
Related: Machines for Functional Fitness?
Paul Carter specializes in hypertrophy and body recomposition. He coaches pro bodybuilders and elite strength athletes, and works with some of the most respected minds in the strength and physique world. Paul is also the author of the Super Soldier Protocol.
Follow Paul Carter on Instagram


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Rafael Ylönen (26 November 1906 – 31 March 1997) was a Finnish gymnast. He competed in seven events at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1906 births
1997 deaths
Finnish male artistic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts of Finland
Gymnasts at the 1928 Summer Olympics
People from Lappeenranta
Sportspeople from South Karelia
20th-century Finnish people


praise you lord for for your work! oh all your works are wondrous, great and amazing! unimaginable, has to be seen with the eyes of our hearts for us to understand and actually know what you are capable of! thank you for your spirit who does just that - makes us recognize what you do and it's grand extent! thank you lord that you don't just fight for us, you completely defeat our enemies and push them out of our way! thank you lord that every spiritual power, every principality stands no chance against you! they are rendered powerless, useless, a non-issue and just plain losers. thank you lord, our struggles make us grow beautifully, our good times let us rest in your favour. how you work, lord. how you work!


The Lake Champlain Research Institute honored Dr. Ken Adams G'77 with its Award of Excellence.
The award has only been given once prior.
At the April 9 ceremony, Mihuc quoted a number of Adams' former students, including Kevin Juneau, a 2003 graduate, who is currently working on his Ph.D. at Michigan Tech.
Juneau said that, before he met Adams, he had never taken a series of classes just because of the person teaching. That changed under Adams.
"He was the best mentor anyone could ask for," Gifford said.
"To this day I can't remember working so hard and having so much fun doing it," Gifford said.
Adams plans to retire at the end of this school year.


Given the events of this past Friday in Paris, however, it's difficult to wax philosophical. We saw the face of horror intended from one human being to another. Multiplying this intention from a few human beings to many others only makes this act that much more difficult to comprehend.
The darkness that took over the City of Lights on November 13 is temporary; as we repair the physical destruction one brick at a time, the lights will return. It will take longer for light to return to the hearts of those whose loved ones are gone or wounded, and longer still to heal the hearts of those who believe darkness is the way to light.
All this healing is possible if we remember that transformation takes place one relationship at a time, one conversation at a time…one heart at a time. The light multiplies exponentially over years, miles, cultures, lifetimes.
For now, we keep all those affected by the events of November 13 in a safe place in our hearts and prayers. For now we keep the lights on for Paris, and for always, we keep the sun shining on the ice.


To be on the safe side, if an unusual smell does not go away in a day or two, see Dr. Daniel Kaplon to get a proper diagnosis, followed by a course of treatment.
Call Dr. Daniel Kaplon if changes in urine do not go away in a day or so, and especially if accompanied by fever, vomiting, or back pain.
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Writing. Editing. Content Strategy.
On Writing.
On Editing.
On Strategy.
On Work.
Eat, Travel, Be.
Melinda Barlow
How SSI is at the heart of the identity revolution
None of us needs convincing that we are who we say we are. When it comes to proving this fact to others, however, our word is rarely enough.
From the moment we are born we are issued verifications of who we are, from birth certificates to student ID cards, health care cards to passports, work IDs, utility bills, fingerprint IDs and retina scans. Without one or more of these, we can perform very few of the tasks essential to being a functioning member of the society in which we currently live.
We can't get a bank account, a place to live, a car, a job, get married, access health care, travel the world, or even order a glass of wine without proof of who we are.
This becomes even more complex when we take this conversation from the offline world to the online world. Even a simple task like checking email on our phone requires us to prove ourselves — via a pin code or a fingerprint and then a password. Then, to further complicate things, in addition to our non-virtual selves we create numerous online identities. Accounts across multiple platforms — Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Spotify, iTunes, Uber, Airbnb — the list goes on. Everything that requires you to give data about yourself to get access contributes to your online identity.
The added layer to this is the "breadcrumbs" we leave, much like Hansel and Gretel, as we wander around the world wide web.
Everything you search for, read, sign up for, interact with, login to, download and buy, leaves a trail of virtual breadcrumbs. Collectively, these contribute to a comprehensive picture of who you are, on a deeply personal level, in a centralized repository.
Developers have been trying to find ways to decentralize our data for decades and the newest iteration of this is Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI). The idea is that we can regain control of our own identity and actually be in charge of it, rather than having to request different versions of it from third parties. Through the use of a SSI, we could store our information where we choose, such as on our own devices, and have the freedom to select only the necessary data for the task at hand. The goal is to make the process of identifying ourselves in any given situation more streamlined, more secure and more efficient, by utilizing the decentralized power and security that blockchain offers.
By storing information in a way that is easily authenticated and can be tracked through each stage of its use, blockchain technology has the potential to transform many aspects of our lives. By offering unmatched security it also prevents information from being changed as every block in the chain is easily identified, giving it its own unique imprint. Any changes to individual blocks will invalidate the subsequent blocks and therefore the chain and, as a result, users can be assured their data is protected in the chain. They will also be able to easily identify and control the most updated version of their data.
Blockchain offers a user-focused approach, by crowd sourcing each element of the chain, so that without verification from each link in the chain, the process cannot be authenticated. Where this becomes useful with regard to SSI is that it takes control of our identity out of the hands of third parties and puts it firmly in our own. Although Self-Sovereign Identity is yet to be formally available, its development is in progress. Through the use of blockchain technology, this evolution of existing centralized data management will likely bring positive change as it provides the foundation for the essential decentralized framework of the future.
This post was previously published as The Evolution of Owning One's Identity — SSI for beginners for æternity.com
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Site design and content by Melinda Barlow | Purpose to Impact


Here are TEN fast, simple, but EFFECTIVE home or hotel workouts to get you through the summer without losing all those gainz (i.e., results) you got this year.
Grab a friend or travel buddy to do it with you, and have FUN!!!


The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) places a number of requirements on transactions to be considered a qualified Section 1031 tax-deferred exchange.
The time constraints required for the tax-deferred exchange, combined with the lack of planning, led him into a poor real estate purchase.
1031 like-kind tax-deferred exchange to the rental property and acquire a suitable new property, with the intention of renting it first for a short period and then converting it to a principal residence.
The proceeds from that sale, after expenses, were used to acquire the self-storage properties in a tax-deferred exchange.
The deal was part of a tax-deferred exchange after the Parke family sold a 120-acre residential tract in west Little Rock several months ago for $2 million.
Simply put, while a 1031 Exchange must always be a like-kind exchange, it is a mistake to think that it is a tax-free exchange; rather, it is a tax-deferred exchange.
Many tax professionals misunderstood the rules governing IRC section 1031 tax-deferred exchange transactions between related parties.
When they approached the family partnership that owned the property, they indicated a potential interest in selling--provided that they could effect a1031 tax-deferred exchange through the purchase of a secure investment in New York City.
If the taxpayer cannot locate an ideal replacement quickly, he or she may not be able to comply with the 45-day identification rule necessary to complete a tax-deferred exchange.
78 million tax-deferred exchange deal ("Whispers," Jan.
Reverse exchanges provide an opportunity for investors to "warehouse" acquired properties, reserving the right to match them with other properties they may sell within the time limits for a tax-deferred exchange.
An 18,000-SF warehouse in east Little Rock delivered a $722,000 transaction as part of a tax-deferred exchange.


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Larry L. Fanelli
Larry L. Fanelli, 78, passed away Jan. 16, 2018, in Boulder City, Nev.
He was the son of Lawrence "Al" Fanelli and Mildred Henslee Fanelli.
Fanelli graduated from Rock Springs High School in 1958 and attended the University of Wyoming, graduating in 1965 with a bachelor of science degree in business administration. He also attended the University of Portland and Western Wyoming Community College. He owned Fanelli Music and Sewing and later Fanelli Furniture in downtown Rock Springs, from 1963 to 2006.
He enjoyed playing the piano, boating, sailing and fishing in Pinedale, as well as on the...


Plymouth Pride will return with a Mayflower twist in August 2020, creating a spectacular festival celebrating LGBT+ culture. It will include a parade through the heart of the city, workshops on the themes of freedom, humanity, imagination and the future and explore previously 'hidden' LGBT+ history.
The spectacular festival will have a fun and inclusive carnival atmosphere and will link to Pride organisations in the Mayflower destinations including those in the USA.


Qatar University (QU) ranked 32nd among the top 100 universities in the rankings of Times Higher Education (THE) and the University Rankings.
The results of the 2019 World Ranking of THE were announced at the conclusion of the " The Times Higher Education (THE) Emerging Economies Summit " which kicked off last Tuesday at Qatar University under the theme "Building University Impact Through Resilience and Innovation.
Phil Baty, Chief Knowledge Officer at Times Higher Education, affirmed that QU continued to be ranked first in the International Outlook Indicator category, an honor it has held since 2015. The International Outlook Indicator used by THE is made up of three components: proportion of international students, proportion of international faculty and international collaboration.
He added that the high ranking among stiff competition with international universities proves as a testament to QU's quality in faculty, academic programs, the solid partnerships that have grown exponentially throughout the years, and a growing international reputation.


This month our long-time host and sponsor, Chuck Egerter, will step to the front of the room to talk about the transformation from Eagle Datagistics to Guardian Eagle. Chuck will give us some insights into where the company is going and how that still puts data and the database in the center of it all.
We have all seen a dramatic increase demand for cyber-security products and services. Interestingly, the most valued assets companies must protect are in the database. This positions Guardian Eagle perfectly to approach the issue 'from the inside out.' In fact, over the past several years, we have seen our legacy data-protection solutions save our customers from data security nightmares that have included external attacks that made it past traditional measures. Historically, most security solutions approach the problem from the 'outside-in,' deploying more and better firewalls, intrusion detection, active monitoring, AI, etc. Yet, daily, we see well-known companies have these security measures by-passed and shocking amounts of our personal data escaping. Often, we find out companies aren't focusing enough on their data and the breach or attack could have been thwarted. But at Eagle, we have been protecting our customers data for years through encryption, audit, redaction & masking, redundancies, advanced access controls, and additional solutions that extend out from the data layer. Our data-centric expertise and approach uniquely positions us in the market to improve security and 'save companies from data nightmares!' To better accomplish these newly highlighted goals, we are rebranding the company from Eagle Datagistics to Guardian Eagle.
Our company philosophy is to positively influence everyone we touch. This applies to clients, vendors, partners, and each other. These ideals are reflected in our five core values: Customer Experience, Excellence, Feed Passion, Teamwork, and Good Karma. We are so committed to our core values that each quarter we recognize each other for practicing them in our daily work. In 2016, Eagle Datagistics won the Tampa Bay Business Journal's award for Overall Best Place to work. A large part of winning that award is a reflection on our commitment to our Core Values.
As one of the Charter Members of SOUG, Chuck has been one of our biggest supporters for a long time. He is very engaged in the community and supports a number of charitable causes in the area. You can learn more about him here.


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Ходзьо Масако (; 1156 — 16 серпня 1225) — японська політична діячка періоду Камакура, дружина першого сьогуна з роду Мінамото — Мінамото но Йорітомо. за свій вплив на державні справи отримала прізвись ама-сьоґун, тобто черниця-сьоґун.

Біографія
Походила з роду Ходзьо. Донька впливового феодала Ходзьо Токімаси, родича клану Тайра. Дитинство припало на період смути Хоґен. Батько виховував її як вояка, Масако навчилася полюванню, верхової їзди, рибальству. Крім того, завжди снідала разом з чоловіками. Близько 1179 року вийшла заміж за Мінамото-но Йорітомо.

Захопилася політичними справами та інтригами під час боротьби її чоловіками з кланом Тайра. після того, як Мінамото затвердився на посаду сьогуна, Масако також допомагала останньому з порадами. Після смерті Йорітомо у 1199 році новим сьогуном став син Масако — Йоріїе. Вона прийняла постриг від священика Гьою, проте не відійшла від політики і допомагала своєму батькові зберігати владу Ходзьо при дворі сьогуна в Камакурі.

Першим її кроком було формування ради «старійшин» (сюкуро) з метою стримування влади свого власного сина Йоріїе. Останній був розлючений цими заходами своєї матері і звернувся за підтримкою до клану Хікі, який тоді був основним політичним супротивником Ходьое. Згідно з «Адзума Кагамі» Масако підслухала розмову Йоріїе, з якого зрозуміла, що він увійшов у змову з Хікі з метою вбити Ходзьо Токімасу. Масако відразу доповіла про все батькові. Чи була ця історія правдива або інформація дійшла до Токімаса іншим шляхом невідомо. Втім Токімаса відреагував першим: усунув керівництво клану Хікі восени 1203 року. Позбавлений своїх союзників, Йоріїе був відправлений на заслання в провінцію Ідзу і згодом його було вбито.

На його місце був поставлений одинадцятирічний Санетомо. В цей час відбувся розрив між Масако і Токімаса. Токімаса забрав до себе Санетомо, який раніше проживав у Масако. Після цього Токімаса став наймогутнішою людиною в уряді Камакура, заснувавши ставку мандокоро, звідки здійснював свою владу як регент при Санетомо.

Масако разом зі своїм братом Йосітокі у 1205 році повалила Токімасу, звинувативши останнього у змові проти Санетомо. Фактичними правителями Японії стали Йосітокі та Масако. У 1218 році відправилася до Кіото, де запропонувала імператору Ґо-Тоба віддати одного з його синів (принца Наґахіто) для всиновлення як спадкоємця бездітного Санетомо. Після вбивства у 1219 році Санетомо Масако з Йосітокі зробили наступним сьогуном Фуджівара-но Йоріцуне (далеко родича Мінамото-но Йорітомо), відомого також як Куджо Йоріцуне. Імператор відмовився визнати це призначення й намагався у 1221 році повернути собі владу, проте зазнав невдачі.

Після смерті у 1224 році Йосітокі клан Іга влаштував змову з метою повалення влади роду Ходзьо. Для цього залучили на свій бік впливового міру Йосімуру. Довідавшись про це, Масако особисто зустрілася з Йосімурою й переконала того зберегти вірність Ходзьо. Цим вона сприяла отриманню регенства небожем Ходзьо Ясутокі. Померла наступного року.

Джерела
 Jones, David E. (1997). Women Warriors: a History. Garden City, New York: Brassey's. ISBN 9781574881066.

Жінки Японії
Ходзьо