text:
Happy Birthday to March-Born Mystery Writers!
Posted on March 23, 2017 by Jeff
Because I was born in this month, I am naturally curious about other writers with March birthdays. If you look at the whole literary realm, from children's book great Theodor Geisel (Dr. Seuss) to the Roman poet Ovid, the list is overwhelming. So I narrowed it down to just March-born mystery/crime fiction writers. And they're a varied lot!
Start with the late Mickey Spillane (Frank Morrison Spillane, born March 9, 1918). I'm actually not a fan of his PI Mike Hammer, who debuted in 1947′s I, the Jury, but Spillane is a pioneer of "hard-boiled" crime fiction and won the 1995 Edgar Allan Poe Grand Master Award, so you may want to meet Hammer just to indulge in old-fashioned, tough-guy nostalgia.
More modern mayhem comes courtesy of James Patterson (born March 22, 1947). Patterson is probably best-known for the African-American psychologist and police detective protagonist of his Alex Cross series (including Along Came a Spider and Kiss the Girls), but he has penned standalone thrillers and other series, such as the Women's Murder Club.
Meanwhile, there's Nevada Barr (born March 1, 1952), author of the Anna Pigeon mystery series with a park ranger detective (so naturally set in national parks). Her debut novel, Track of the Cat, won the 1994 Anthony Award and Agatha Award for Best First Novel.
Staying with the wilderness theme, another March writer is Dana Stabenow (born March 27, 1952). Her Kate Shugak mystery series is set in Stabenow's native Alaska and has a unique protagonist: an Aleut living on a 160-acre homestead in a national park, with a half-wolf, half-husky roommate called Mutt. The first Kate Shugak mystery, 1992′s A Cold Day for Murder, won the Edgar Award for Best Paperback Original.
But probably my favorite of all the March-born mystery writers is Peter Robinson (born March 17, 1950) and his Inspector Alan Banks novels set in Yorkshire. The 1999 Anthony Award and Barry Award for Best Novel went to the tenth entry in the series, In a Dry Season. When a drought drains the local reservoir to reveal the ruins of a lost village and the unidentified bones of a murdered young woman, Banks must hunt down a sadistic killer who has escaped detection for half a century.
For all authors born in March, check out this list: https://www.bookish.com/articles/happy-birthday-authors-a-look-at-writers-born-in-march/
ABOUT KATHERINE SHARMA
Katherine Sharma's family roots are in Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas. But after her early childhood in Texas, she has moved around the country and lived in seven other states, from Virginia to Hawaii. She currently resides in California with her husband and three children. She has also traveled extensively in Europe, Africa and Asia, and makes regular visits to family in India. After receiving her bachelor's degree. in economics and her master's degree in journalism from the University of Michigan, Katherine worked as a newspaper and magazine writer and editor for more than 15 years. She then shifted into management and marketing roles for firms in industries ranging from outdoor recreation to insurance to direct marketing. Although Katherine still works as a marketing consultant, she is now focused on creative writing.
Visit Katerine's Website or Sign up For Her Blog
Posted in News | Tagged birthday, novel viewpoints | Leave a reply
The Royal Romance of Queen Elizabeth II
Posted on April 21, 2016 by Jeff
In honor of Queen Elizabeth's 90th birthday today, we would like to share a bit of her amazing life. Pulled from the vaults of a True Romance Magazine in June 1953, we proudly present the first of 2 parts detailing the life and love of this wonderful woman.
"The Royal Romance of Queen Elizabeth" "Once upon a time the beautiful princess and the handsome prince fell in love…" This is the TRUE fairy tale of Elizabeth and Philip
Her Majesty, Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Great Britain, Northern Ireland, and the British Dominions beyond the seas
On June 2, a slim, sweet-faced young woman of twenty-seven will stand in the misty nave of Westminster Abbey and how her brown head to receive the ancient crown of England.
Thanks to the modern magic of television and radio, the eyes and ears of the whole Western world will be upon Elizabeth the Second at that moment. To us in America, as we listen and watch, will come some of the same magic that touches the people of Great Britain in that solemn, hopeful hour.
When, the ceremony over, the cameras swing from Elizabeth, we will see another figure—tall, handsome Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, husband of the Queen. For an instant, perhaps, his eyes and hers will meet, just as the eyes of a husband and wife seek each other out the world over to flash a message of shared understanding. And suddenly these two people will not be the queen of a great nation, and her consort, but simply a man and woman building a life together, under conditions which are more difficult, in a special kind of way, than any other young couple in the world are asked to face.
For a queen must be more than a woman, more than a wife, more than a mother. And the husband of a queen must have in abundance qualities few men possess—tact, and generosity, and a willingness to stay in the background. He must always take second place to his wife.
Philip, as this is written, has not been formally named Prince Consort, though he may have been by Coronation Day. If so, he will be only the fourth Prince Consort in all of Britain's centuries of history. None of the other three was popular. Even Prince Albert, Victoria's husband, was disliked and distrusted by the British people during his lifetime. It was only after his death that they began calling him "Albert the Good."
Whether or not it is decided to give Philip the title of Prince Consort, he has the distinction of being the first husband of reigning Queen of England to be loved and admired by the public. And this fact is in itself a tribute not only to him, but to Elizabeth—and above all to the love they have for each other.
Many a royal marriage has been arranged for reasons of state. But Elizabeth and Philip's was a love match, a romance to catch the hearts of lovers everywhere. It will be six years next November since the wedding of Queen Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh. On November 20, 1947, she was Princess Elizabeth and he had until recently been plain Lt. Philip Mountbatten of the Royal Navy. But they both knew, even then, that this moment of Elizabeth's coronation must come eventually. That knowledge had been one of the most stubborn obstacles to their marriage.
From the moment of her birth on April 21, 1926, there was always the possibility that Elizabeth might someday be Queen of England. It was no more than a possibility at first, because her father, the Duke of York, was only the second son of King George V. The eldest son, the Prince of Wales, was a bachelor and likely to be married at any time and so produce an heir. Elizabeth was third in succession.
From her childhood on, the young Princess was trained to be queen
But when Elizabeth was ten, the whole situation changed. George V, her grandfather, died, and shortly afterward his eldest son, King Edward the VIII, renounced the throne in order to marry the American divorcee, Wallis Warfield Simpson. Elizabeth's father became King George VI—and Elizabeth stood next in the line of succession to the throne of England.
From then on, Elizabeth was trained to be Queen. She did her lessons standing up —because a queen must spend long hours on her feet at reviews and receptions. She learned the royal traditions of England, and how it is that a queen can never be quite a private person, but must belong first of all to the people of England.
King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon parents of Princess Elizabeth (left) and sister Princess Margaret (right)
At occasional children's parties, she met the boy who was known as Prince Philip of Greece, a tall, towheaded lad nearly five years her senior. She thought he was inclined to be superior and rowdy, and didn't like him much. But then, she was only six and he was eleven.
Philip and Elizabeth are actually distant cousins, descended from the same great-great-grandparents—Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert. But while Elizabeth is directly descended from Victoria's oldest son, Edward VII, King of England, Philip's line began with Princess Alice, a younger daughter of Victoria, who was never in line for the throne. Though he is of Royal blood, Philip has never been in the direct line of succession to any throne.
Through the complicated intermarriage of royalty in Europe, he can claim the titles of Prince of Greece and Denmark, but essentially Philip is English through and through. He was sent as a young boy to England and raised there under the care of his uncle, Lord Louis Mountbatten. By training and inclination he became completely British, but the mere fact that he inherited the title of a Greek prince created a good deal of confusion in the minds of the British people when it first became apparent that Elizabeth and he were in love.
Growing up, Philip and Elizabeth saw each other from time to time. Elizabeth and her sister Margaret Rose were friends with Pamela and Patricia Mountbatten, Philip's cousins, and often visited them. If Philip was there, on vacation from his boarding school, he joined their games. Once Elizabeth coaxed him into taking a part in one of the Christmas plays she loved to arrange, but he was so plainly uncomfortable and self-conscious in his role, that she relented during rehearsals and let someone else play the part.
Even then, as a boy, Philip loved the sea. His school had been specially selected to prepare him for the Royal Navy, and on practice sailing trips he was always chosen to work in the galley because he was the one boy who could be depended on not to be seasick. He was then, as he is now, a gay, easy-going fellow, with a keen sense of fun, and highly independent. He was annoyed by the tradition, of what he called "this royalty nonsense, and he always liked the society of ordinary, everyday people.
By the time the war began, Philip and Elizabeth were good friends, in an easy, uncomplicated way. Philip, at eighteen, went straight into the Navy as a midshipman, serving in the Mediterranean Fleet. Elizabeth stayed in London, with her parents, waiting for the bombs to fall. As the war years passed, Elizabeth turned from a girl into a young woman. She was seventeen when, at a dance given by her aunt, the Duchess of Kent, she met Philip again.
The few years of separation had changed them both. Elizabeth was taller and slimmer. Her hair, originally a dark gold, had deepened into brown. Her skin was a lovely, unblemished satin, with the exquisite coloring which makes her so much more beautiful in real life than she appears in her pictures.
Philip, strikingly handsome as a boy, had become even more attractive as a man. His service at sea had hardened his tall, lean body, and with his blond hair, chiseled features, and quick, quizzical smile, he was someone any princess might lose her heart to.
After that party, at which Philip and Elizabeth danced together almost un-interruptedly, the rumors began. Every visit Philip made to Buckingham Palace, or to Windsor Castle—and he made several—was reported in the newspapers. Someone remembered a remark the young Princess had made: "The man I marry will have to be tall and good looking." Was she describing Philip, hinting that she had already made up her mind?
But the marriage of a future queen can't be decided in a month, or even a year. All the rumors were abruptly silenced when Philip returned to sea duty and Elizabeth began appearing In public with other young men. It was plain that the King and Queen had talked to Elizabeth, reminding her of what she already knew—that her life was not entirely her own. She belonged to the people of England and her first duty was to them.
A serious objection to Philip as a suitor for Elizabeth's hand was that his family—the Royal Family of Greece—was decidedly unpopular with many sections of the British public. So much so that any talk of a marriage between them could have had unfortunate political consequences. It hadn't been so very many years since England was rocked by the scandal of King Edward's abdication in favor of marriage to Mrs. Simpson, and the Royal Family was anxious to avoid anything which might look like a repetition of that affair.
In addition, the King and Queen of England were like two loving parents anywhere. They didn't want their daughter to rush into a marriage she might later regret. With particularly good reason in their case, too, because divorce for a member of the Royal Family of England is simply not possible. Whomever Elizabeth chose as her husband must remain her husband for her lifetime.
So "wait," was the advice given Elizabeth and Philip. "Wait until the war is over, wait until you are both older and more sure of your hearts."
With the sense of responsibility which had been drilled into her from childhood on, Elizabeth consented to follow this advice. But with the loyalty which is also one of her chief characteristics, she kept Philip's picture on her dressing table, and through the months which remained of the war, she and Philip wrote to each other regularly.
It was easy to see that Elizabeth and Philip's love was a match
"BUT when you're in love, letters are a AM poor substitute for the nearness your heart longs for, and during the summer of 1945 Elizabeth persuaded her parents to invite Philip to visit the family at Balmoral Castle in Scotland. There, in the midst of magnificent highland scenery, they danced and laughed and rode, finding relaxation from the war and the busy official life of London. For the first time, perhaps, the King and Queen began looking upon Philip seriously as a possible future husband for Elizabeth. In one way, though, that happy time at Balmoral Castle was a mistake.
The English newspapers got wind of it and added it to all the rumors that had been circulating about Philip and Elizabeth before. Only a few weeks after Philip had returned from Balmoral Castle to his Navy barracks. he opened a newspaper at breakfast and saw his own engagement to the future Queen of England announced in blazing headlines.
This premature, unauthorized announcement was a bitter blow to both young people. For under the circumstances, the only thing the Palace could do was to issue an immediate denial, flatly saying that no engagement existed or was planned. From then on the relationship between Philip and Elizabeth was constantly aired in the British press, and became a matter of public discussion.
Now people who had never seen either Elizabeth or the man she loved were having their say on the matter. "Why can't she pick an Englishman?" was a question you could hear in almost any corner pub. "Who is this Greek chap?"
About the same time, just when interest in him was at its peak, Philip had a stroke of bad luck. He was a fast but usually expert driver of his little British-made open roadster. One evening, rounding a corner at high speed, he skidded and went into the ditch beside the road. He wasn't hurt and the car wasn't too badly damaged, but the story got into the papers and gave gossips something else to wag their tongues about.
Prince Philip 1954
During the months after their engagement had been denied, both Philip and Elizabeth learned to practice the strictest self-discipline. They still saw each other, but only occasionally, and then only at large social affairs to which each came separately. Every news photographer in England was on the alert to catch a photograph of them together—but not one ever did.
Elizabeth would not discuss her feelings about Philip with anyone except members of her family. But her closest friends used to see a new expression in her face–a wistfulness that seemed to be saying, "Why can't I be with the man I love? Why can't he be with me? Why must we pretend like this? Why must we delay, and delay, and delay?"
But behind the scenes efforts were at last being made to make their marriage possible. The newspapers, for all their curiosity about Elizabeth's private plans, were willing to help in a quiet little campaign deliberately started by Palace circles. The campaign was designed to show Philip off as a regular Englishman, and not some "Greek chap" no one had ever heard of. His excellent war record was widely published, and so was a photograph showing him with his Navy buddies in a pub, joking with the barmaid. In it, Philip's real liking for ordinary people was somehow so apparent that those same ordinary people who had disapproved of him before began saying to each other, "Young Philip looks like a decent sort. Elizabeth might go farther and do worse."
One thing the King and Queen and their advisers did insist upon before they would consent to announce the engagement. Elizabeth must go with her parents on a tour of South Africa. Not only was it her duty to appear with them in that far off but important corner of the Dominions, but one last separation from Philip was considered advisable.
Only Philip and Elizabeth themselves know what passed through their minds during the months of separation while the Princess dutifully greeted South African dignitaries, and admired South African scenery, and Philip remained in England, waiting. Elizabeth must have remembered what she had read in her history books of Victoria and Albert. "I know," Victoria wrote in her diary after her engagement, "that I am asking him to make a very great sacrifice." And so it proved to be. Though he loved Victoria, Albert was a far from happy man. Did she, Elizabeth, have the right to expect Philip to make the same sacrifice? To sink his personality in hers, to stand forever in the background while she, the Princess –and later the Queen -was always in the spotlight. Could they, or any couple, be happy in such a situation?
Very similar thoughts must have come to Philip. He was a man of action, an athlete. He was impatient with the stuffiness of Royal tradition and protocol. Now he was in love, and it seemed to him he could cope with any situation. But what about later on? How would he feel with the passing years knowing that his position in the world, his work, his every action must be considered in the light of his wife's position as Queen? Would he measure up to it? Any man would have to ask himself that question fearfully.
And some men might have answered it. "No, I can't. I'm not the type. I can't take second place to any woman, not even to the woman I love."
Philip did not answer it that way.
Elizabeth missed Philip so terribly on that South African tour that when the ship docked on her return and she felt the soil of England under her feet, she did a little jig of happiness. One of the first visitors to Buckingham Palace after the Royal Family's return was Philip, driving all night in his roadster from the port where he was stationed. Whatever doubts either Elizabeth or Philip had had during their separation vanished now in the delight of meeting again. And from then on, although other denials of their engagement were issued, quiet preparations to make Philip eligible went on.
Elizabeth and Philip were never out of the public eye. But they never minded the adoration which limited their privacy
On the advice of his uncle, Lord Mount-batten, Philip applied for British naturalization papers, renouncing his Greek citizenship and his title. He took his uncle's surname and became Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten. And at last the long-awaited official announcement came from the Place. "It is with the greatest pleasure that the King and Queen announce the betrothal of their dearly beloved daughter the Princess Elizabeth to Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten, R.N., son of the late Prince Andrew of Greece and Princess Andrew (Princess Alice of Battenberg), to which union the King has gladly given his consent."
Very soon after the announcement of their engagement, the time came for Philip and Elizabeth to make their first public appearances together, first at a large garden party within the Palace grounds, and later on a balcony of the Palace where they could be seen by the public. Long before the time they were to appear on the balcony, crowds gathered outside. Standing inside the glass doors, Philip struggled with nervousness.
Then the doors were thrown open. Elizabeth gave Philip a quick smile that seemed to say, "Darling, don't worry. You'll get used to this. I have." Then together they stepped across the threshold, and at sight of them the crowd gave a roar that seemed to halt the young lovers in their stride for an instant.
For a few minutes they stood there, the Princess as perfectly poised as ever, Philip obviously still struggling with his shyness. Both waved, and turned to greet the King and Queen and Princess Margaret Rose, who joined them on the balcony. The others stayed just long enough to acknowledge the cheers of the crowd, and then withdrew, leaving the young couple alone again.
Philip must have known then that Elizabeth and he would begin their life together supported by the love and good wishes of the British people. No one hearing the cheers that went up could doubt that. In the dismal aftermath of a terrible war, without enough food and clothing to satisfy their needs, Britons still found time to recognize love and romance when they saw them. Their hearts were with their Princess, and the man of her choice.
A few months later, in the same Westminster Abbey where Elizabeth will be crowned Queen of England in June, she and Philip were married. Even though 'austerity' was still the watchword in England, the wedding could not be either simple or quiet, much as both Elizabeth and Philip would have preferred that kind of an affair. As they must for the rest of their lives, the young couple did what was expected of them—and they were expected to have a Royal wedding that the whole of England could thrill to. Not even their honeymoon was private. Crowds followed them during their wedding trip through England and Scotland. They were seldom free from reporters, photographers, and even tourists who came hoping for a glimpse of them.
Now, with the end of the honeymoon, came the time when, like every young couple, Elizabeth and Philip began learning to translate their love into terms of day-to-day living. Though they could not know it, they were to have only a little more than four years before Elizabeth would be called on to shoulder the burdens of a reigning sovereign. Even before those four years were up, the demands on their time, energies, and patience were heavy.
Part 2 – the story continues in the July, 1953 issue of True Romance. "Can a woman be a wife, mother and Queen–and still be happy? What happens when Elizabeth inherits the throne?"
Posted in News | Tagged birthday, Prince Phillip, queen elizabeth, Queen Elizabeth II, royal family, trulove | Leave a reply


text:
Feedipedia
Animal feed resources information system
About Feedipedia
Forage plants
Cereal and grass forages
Legume forages
Forage trees
Other forage plants
Plant products/by-products
Cereal grains and by-products
Legume seeds and by-products
Oil plants and by-products
Fruits and by-products
Roots, tubers and by-products
Sugar processing by-products
Plant oils and fats
Other plant by-products
Feeds of animal origin
Animal by-products
Dairy products/by-products
Animal fats and oils
Other feeds
Plant and animal families
Plant and animal species
FAO Ration Tool for dairy cows
FAO Laboratory Audit Tool
Broadening horizons
Literature databases
Feeds and plants databases
Organisations & networks
Blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) forage
Click on the "Nutritional aspects" tab for recommendations for ruminants, pigs, poultry, rabbits, horses, fish and crustaceans
Blue lupin, blue lupine, European blue lupine, narrow leaf lupin, narrow leafed lupin, narrow leaved lupin, narrow-leaf lupin, narrowleaf lupin, narrowleaf lupine, narrow-leafed lupin, narrow-leaved blue lupin, narrow-leaved lupin, New Zealand blue lupin, sweet lupinseed [English]; lupin bleu, lupin à feuilles étroites, lupin petit bleu [French]; blaue Lupine, schmalblättrige Lupine [German]; lupino azzurro [Italian]; tremoçeiro-azul [Portuguese]; lupino azul, altramuz azul, lupino australiano [Spanish]; blålupin, fingerlupin [Swedish]
Lupinus angustifolius L. [Fabaceae]
Related feed(s)
Blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seeds
White lupin (Lupinus albus) forage
Blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a legume crop used for seed and fodder. This species is the main lupin species used for forage. It is grazed green or as stubble or cut and made into hay or silage. Like other lupin species, blue lupin seeds are a potential alternative to soybeans.
Lupinus angustifolius is a self-regenerating annual legume that reaches a height of (20-) 60-150 cm (Ecocrop, 2017). It is deeply taprooted, with roots reaching a depth of 2.5 m. The stems are robust and hairy, with profuse lateral branching, when sown at low density. The foliage is dark-green in colour. The leaves are digitate and the leaflets are narrower (hence the name "narrow-leaf lupin") than in white lupin Lupinus alba (Wolko et al., 2010; Wiley, 2009). The inflorescence is a terminal, 3-30 cm long, false raceme bearing many blue pea-like flowers. The pods are large and shatter readily once mature, making them difficult to direct harvest. Pods are susceptible to bud worm (Heliothis) damage when green. The seeds are hardcoated, and they can remain viable in the soil for up to 20 years. This means that it is almost impossible to eradicate blue lupins from a paddock. Seed weight is about 230 mg (Wiley, 2009). The flowers are usually blue in colour but some varieties have white flowers (Ecocrop, 2017).
In Australia, where lupins are the most important legume crop, blue lupins represent 91% of total lupin cultivation area (Pulse Australia, 2016). In that country, the bitter varieties that form blue flowers and have high alkaloid content are called "blue lupin". Those bitter cultivars are grown mainly for soil improvement and are used as green manure. Blue lupin stubbles are used for forage and silage, and for late winter and early spring grazing. The sweet varieties of Lupinus angustifolius with low alkaloid content are known as "narrow-leaf lupin". Their seeds are harvested and fed raw or ensiled to livestock. Their stubbles are used as forage or as pasture (during late winter or early spring). Blue lupin is a good source of honey (Ecocrop, 2017).
Note on common names
Common names of Lupinus angustifolius differ depending on the country. The plant is either named "blue lupin" (though some varieties have white flowers, including sweet varieties suitable for forage), or a variant of "narrow-leaf lupin" (also "narrowleaf", "narrow-leafed", "narrow-leaved", with or without hyphen). This datasheet will use "blue lupin" since that name is more recognized internationally but many contemporary references, particularly in Australia and in anglophone countries, use variants of "narrow-leaf lupin" to name the sweet varieties of Lupinus angustifolius.
Lupins are broadly distributed throughout the world. There are two geographically separated groups: New World species and Old Word species, among which 4 are cultivated, one from the New World and the 3 others from the Old World. All of them are smooth seeded. Lupins occupy almost all kinds of habitats from sea level to altitudes up to 4000 m (Wolko et al., 2010).
Lupinus angustifolius prefers light to medium textured, well-drained soils that are acid or neutral soils (Wolko et al., 2010). It does well on low to moderately fertile, well-drained, light or medium textured and mildly acidic to neutral sands and sandy loams (Wolko et al., 2010). Blue lupin does not withstand waterlogged soils but has tolerance of transient waterlogging (Wolko et al., 2010). Under conditions where P is limiting, lupins form specialized cluster root structures and/or release P-mobilizing carboxylates that free it from insoluble forms (Lambers et al., 2012). However, blue lupin is less effective than white and yellow lupins for P and Zn uptake (Wolko et al., 2010).
Statistics about lupin production are only about seed production and do not differentiate between species. The main producer of blue lupin forage is Australia but no information about forage production is available.
Forage management
In the UK, up to 20 t/ha DM were reported for blue lupin forage cultivated under irrigation during summer (Burtt et al., 1981). In Poland, fresh matter yield from 15.8 to 30.8 t/ha corresponding to 2.2 to 8.8 t DM/ha were reported (Faligowska et al., 2014). In Czech Republic, blue lupin yielded 3.8 t DM/ha in 2017 (Jancik et al., 2017).
Stubble yields were reported to be between 3.75 and 7.5 (-10) t/ha (Gladstones, 1970). Yields of 7 t DM/ha for stubbles, and 2 t DM/ha for seeds from the same crop have been reported (Graham Centre, 2011).
Fresh forage
Lupinus angustifolius has been used as a pasture species for a long time. In France, it was grazed by sheep in the early 19th century. Grazing occurred before flowering stage and could be done several times during the growing season. It was also used as green chop and could be cut during winter without losing its nutritive value (Koltz, 1864). In England, blue lupins were used as a sheep feed and for soil improvement in the late 1850s (Oldershaw, 1920). In Australia, sweet varieties of blue lupin have been recognized as a forage readily eaten by sheep at the end of the 19th century. It was used as a winter green feed or as fattening feedstuff during dry spells (Gardner et al., 1929). However, it was also considered as a weed in many parts of Australia and lupinosis outbreaks reduced its use as forage in the middle of the 20th century (Gladstones, 1969). Nowadays, in South Africa, grazing blue lupin is not recommended in the early growth stages, since there is little regrowth, and because of high concentrations of alkaloids in the young leaves and growth points. As the plant matures, more parts of the plant are eaten. For the best value as a grazing it is recommended that it be grazed at an advanced growth stage when most of the growth has taken place (Truter et al., 2015). In the USA, where blue lupin was first cultivated in the 1930s, it was grazed as a winter forage when feed was scarce (Glasscock et al., 1950).
Lupin stubbles
Blue lupin is a valuable grazing option for sheep after harvest of the seeds since it had higher value than cereal stubbles (Gladstones, 1970). It was reported that lupin seed harvest let approximately 150-400 kg seeds/ha on the ground and on stubbles. Lupin has the greatest value during the dry season, when sheep pick up the fallen seeds and graze the stubble (Truter et al., 2015). Lupin stubbles, provided they are not infested by fungi responsible for lupinosis, have a higher protein value than cereal stubbles (DPIRD, 2019). In South Africa, sheep could graze on dry lupin lands from November until late summer (February) rains allow regrowth (Flight, 1956). Mature plants of blue lupins as well as stubbles after seed harvest could also be grazed (Gladstones, 1970).
In New Zealand, a mixed pasture of lupins and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) was sown and compared to alfalfa pasture. This mixed pasture had a production that was 70% of alfalfa but it could grow in areas unsuitable for alfalfa and could be grazed earlier than alfalfa (Hamill, 2015)
For a good stubble management the stocking rate should not be too high as overgrazing may expose the soil to rainfall and wind, and result in erosion (Graham Centre, 2011).
Lupin hay
Dry blue lupin forage could be pen-fed to livestock provided it was not moist. The bitterness of early varieties of blue lupin made it necessary to wait for livestock to get used to it (Koltz, 1864). Lupin plants cut after pod formation and left on swath to dry and make hay were adequately packed in rolls and bales to prevent lupinosis, providing good summer feed to sheep (Allen et al., 1978).
Lupin silage
It was possible to make silage from blue lupin. It was used by farmers in the 1950s in South Africa, where it was recommended to cut it at the young succulent stage, wilt it for 4 days, and add sugars in the form of molasses (3-4%). Because blue lupin could be limited in aminoacids it was also recommended to supplement it with grain or fish meal. Another option was to ensile blue lupin in association with maize or sorghum (Van Zyl, 1973; Van Zyl, 1967; Vosloo et al., 1963). In a more recent experiment in Poland, cutting narrow-leaf lupin at flat pod stage and wilting on the field during 24 hours was found to be effective in reducing fermentation losses and increasing DM content of silage from 20 to 35%. Flat pod stage was suitable because narrow-leaf lupin had higher sugar content and thus fermented better (Faligowska et al., 2014). The addition of lactic acid bacteria improved the quality of narrow-leaf lupin silage (Faligowska et al., 2014). In South Africa, lupin is also used for silage production: its high seed production combined with high green matter yield and high protein content provides a valuable carbohydrates for the silage making process (Truter et al., 2015).
N-fixing legume and sustainable P management
Lupins are N-fixing legumes that are reported to fix 300-400 kg N/ha, in Europe and Australia (Jansen, 2006). Lupins can provide benefit to the following crop (PGRO, 2014). Lupins are valuable legumes for sustainable P management. In soils depleted in available P, lupin plants form specialized cluster root structures and/or release P-mobilizing carboxylates that free it from insoluble forms (Lambers et al., 2012).
Soil improver and phytoremediation
Thanks to its deep taproot, the lupin plant improves soil texture and drainage. Lupins can be used for phytoremediation. Lupins may extend the phytoremediation period and increase the bioavailability of metals in polluted soils under recovery (Fumagalli et al., 2014). In mixed cultures of bioenergy crops, lupins (Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius) have the ability to mobilize trace elements during and make these elements available for co-cultured species. Lupins mobilize trace elements by carboxylates and enzymes exudation and by lowering the pH value in the rhizosphere. In a comparison between white and blue lupin for trace element mobilization, blue lupin was less effective than white lupin (Hentschel et al., 2016).
Nutritional attributes
Blue lupin, like most legumes, is relatively rich in protein (8.5-23.5% DM), though with a large variation depending on the stage of maturity. A trial in New Zealand found that a peak protein level of 28.8% DM was observed in the early stages of development (45 days) and this decreased as the plant matured to 12.8% at maturity (162 days). Protein content also depended on density: highest concentrations (> 23% DM) were found in the plants at the lower density (60 plants per m²) before grazing. Protein content at the later stages of grazing were under 11% DM on the last two days of the secondary flower and green pod grazed plants at the higher density (100 plants per m²), and on the last three days of these two grazing periods at the lower density (Burtt, 1981).
Potential constraints
Bitter varieties of lupins (Lupinus spp.) contain toxic alkaloids and are not recommended for animal feeding. More recent sweet (alkaloid-free) varieties are palatable to stock.
Lupinosis
Lupinosis outbreaks are susceptible to occur in sheep and cattle when lupin is fed as dried forage. Lupinosis is caused by to phomopsins, which are mycotoxins produced by fungal infestation of lupin plants by Diaporthe toxica (Jansen, 2006). These toxins cause severe damage to the liver, resulting in loss of appetite, lethargy, jaundice and often death. Sheep are more sensitive to lupinosis than cattle (Clark, 2014; Jansen, 2006). Lupinosis can be prevented by timely harvest and storage of forage or baling before rain falls (Allen et al., 1978).
Blue lupin can be used as forage for ruminants. It can be grazed either green or as stubble, and could also be used as silage or hay.
Digestibility
Digestibility values for blue lupin forage are scarce. In a trial in New Zealand, in vitro DM digestibility of lupin pasture grazed by sheep was about 60-65% between 40 and 125 days after sowing and dropped rapidly to less than 50% at day 162. Digestibility was highest at the pre-flower stage (> 75%) and decreased quickly over 3 days of grazing, down to 50%. In vivo DM digestibility of forage collected at green pod stage was about 75% (Burtt, 1981).
Green forage
Blue lupin can be grazed as green forage before flowering stage and at several times during the season of growth, but since there is little regrowth, it more recommended at advanced growth stage (Truter et al., 2015). Sheep graze mature blue lupin selectively: animals grazing a lupin pasture at green pod stage ate the pods in a single day as they preferred them to foliage. After 3 days most foliage had been eaten. The lambs seemed to find the stems unpalatable and a considerable amount of stems were left when the animals were removed (Burtt, 1981).
Lupin has good potential as a high quality summer forage crop for grazing of young lambs (Burtt, 1981). The green pod stage (where total available DM is the highest) is not the ideal stage to graze ; it may be prefered between the preflowering (where the nutrient density is the highest) and the primary flowering stages, were protein and energy values are sufficient to obtain a reasonable lamb growth rate. It would be particularly suitable in situations where grain crops are also grown, since the lupin can also be used in the rotation to restore soil fertility (Burtt et al., 1990b).
Compared with grazing annual pastures, a system where 26% of the area was planted with lupins and where animals grazed lupin stubble in summer and were fed lupin grain in late pregnancy and early lactation) had beneficial effects on reproduction results. Ewes lambing in March had heavier lambs that initially grew faster (same weights at weaning), and ewes lambing in June produced 16% more lambs due to a higher ovulation rate, fewer dry ewes and more twins (Arnold et al., 1976). Lupin feeding did not affect clean wool production (Arnold et al., 1978).
The great potential of sweet annual lupin as a source of green feed for grazing lambs has been oberved in regions with low summer temperatures (Iceland), with lamb growth rates reaching 450 g/d. Lupin can thus play a role in extending the period of rapid growth by grazing late into the autumn before slaughter (Guđmundsson et al., 1988). Lupin can been associated to cocksfoot in pasture. Cocksfoot-lupin produces forage of comparable quality to lucerne, and can also be grazed earlier in spring. Cocksfoot-lupin appears an alternative forage in areas unsuitable for lucerne (Hamill, 2015).
Lupin stubble
After harvest of the seeds, blue lupin stubble can have a higher value than cereal stubble. Fallen lupin seeds that remains on the ground can reach 300-400kg per hectare. It makes lupin stubble an excellent feed for weaner sheep. Good body weight gain are obtained with stocking rates of 10 weaners/ha for up to two months if there are good levels of grain available. Higher stocking rates (20 weaners/ha) can be applied on a shorter period to allow stubble utilization early in summer before risks of storms. In contrast, when there is less than 50 kg/ha of lupin seeds in the stubble, sheep tend to lose weight and develop early signs of lupinosis. Water source should be available at proximity, to allow large paddocks to be grazed more evenly (DPIRD, 2019).
It is possible to make silage from blue lupin. Cutting at flat pod stage - where sugar and protein contents are high and favours fermentation process - and wilting on the field during 1-4 days makes it possible to ensile between 20 to 35% DM and preserve nutritive value (Truter et al., 2015; Faligowska et al., 2014). The fermentation process is improved by the addition of lactic acid bacteria (Faligowska et al., 2014).
Lupin can be conserved as hay in fodder rolls and bales, which reduces the risk of lupinosis compared to lupin stubble. No additional advantage was gained by spraying cut lupins with formalin before rolling or bailing (Allen et al., 1978). In vivo references on animal responses with blue lupin used as preserved forages are lacking.
Literature on the use of blue lupin forage for pigs is scarce. In Uganda, the association of blue lupin forage with other forage legumes (Triflorum decorum, Lablab purpureum, Desmodium uncinatum, Desmanthus virgatus, Trifolium tembense, Desmodium intortum, Vicia villosa and Stylosanthes hermata) has been suggested to provide forage to pigs on smallholders farms (Lukuyu et al., 2017).
Literature on the use of Lupinus angustifolius forage in rabbit feeding is scarce. In a study conducted in Portugal on 7 lupin cultivars - including 4 blue lupins - it was necessary to use a fence to protect the experiment against rabbits, which seems to indicate that fresh lupin foliage, including blue lupin foliage, is palatable for rabbits (Campos Andrada et al., 2008).
Dried blue lupin forage used as the main source of fibre in rabbit diets induced growth rate and feed efficiency close to those obtained with white lupin forage or alfalfa meal used as control (Harries et al., 1999). Thus, blue lupin forage can be a potential source of proteins and fibre but some additional experiments would be welcome before it can be recommendation without restrictions for rabbits feeding.
Nutritional tables
Tables of chemical composition and nutritional value
Blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), aerial part, fresh
Avg: average or predicted value; SD: standard deviation; Min: minimum value; Max: maximum value; Nb: number of values (samples) used
Main analysis Unit Avg SD Min Max Nb
Dry matter % as fed 17.8 6 9.9 30.7 9
Crude protein % DM 15.5 4.1 7.5 23.8 84
Crude fibre % DM 32.5 17.3 34.8 3 *
Ether extract % DM 1.5 0.4 0.9 1.8 8
Ash % DM 9.8 2.5 6.4 13.9 8
Neutral detergent fibre % DM 43.1 13.2 26.4 64.8 21
Acid detergent fibre % DM 33.3 7.3 27.9 48.8 15 *
Lignin % DM 7.8 *
Gross energy MJ/kg DM 18.2 *
Minerals Unit Avg SD Min Max Nb
Calcium g/kg DM 8.5 4.9 2.6 14.3 11
Phosphorus g/kg DM 13.8 5.9 8.2 22.5 5
Magnesium g/kg DM 3.3 1.8 1.6 6.4 11
Potassium g/kg DM 19.7 2.9 16 26 11
Sodium g/kg DM 2.62 0.75 1.9 3.8 5
Manganese mg/kg DM 52 5 47 60 6
Zinc mg/kg DM 38 4 33 43 6
Iron mg/kg DM 75 4 69 80 6
Ruminant nutritive values Unit Avg SD Min Max Nb
DE ruminants MJ/kg DM 11.1 *
ME ruminants MJ/kg DM 8.8 *
Energy digestibility, ruminants % 61 *
OM digestibility, ruminants % 63.8 *
Rabbit nutritive values Unit Avg SD Min Max Nb
DE rabbit MJ/kg DM 7.9 *
MEn rabbit MJ/kg DM 7.4 *
Energy digestibility, rabbit % 43.4 *
Nitrogen digestibility, rabbit % 66.6 *
The asterisk * indicates that the average value was obtained by an equation.
Burtt, 1981; Faligowska et al., 2014; Fraser et al., 2005; Guđmundsson et al., 1988; Jancik et al., 2017; Zamora Natera et al., 2017
Last updated on 18/07/2019 16:07:32
Allen, J. G.; Wood, P. McR.; O'Donnell, F. M., 1978. Control of ovine lupinosis: experiments on the making of lupin hay. Aust. Vet. J., 54 (1): 19-22
Allen, J. G.; Cowling, W. A. ; James, L. F.; Keeler, R. F.; Bailey, E. M.; Cheeke, P. R.; Hegarty, M. P. , 1992. A preliminary report on the use of new phomopsis-resistant cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius to prevent lupinosis. Poisonous plants. Proc. 3rd Int. Symp., Iowa State University Press, Ames, USA
Arnold, G. W.; Charlick, A. J., 1976. The use of sweet lupins in pastoral systems with breeding ewes. CSIRO, Div. Land Res. Manage., Wembley, W.A. Australia
Arnold, G. W.; Wood, P. M.; Nairn, M.; Allen, J.; Wallace, S. R.; Weeldenberg, J., 1978. Comparison of lupin varieties for grain yield, nutritive value of stubbles, incidence of infection with Phomopsis leptostromiformis and occurrence of lupinosis. Austr. J. Exp. Agric., 18 (92): 442-452
Arvalis, 2014. Lupin : les points clés de la conduite. Arvalis - Institut du végétal
Boisnard, M., 2013. Le lupin - Culture et valorisation. Chambre d'agriculture de l'Orne
Bruno-Soares, A. M. ; Vaz, M. M. M., 1999. Nutritive value of white and blue lupin forages at different stages of plant growth and the relationship to alkaloid and saponin contents. In: Lupin, an ancient crop for the new millennium: Proceedings of the 9th International Lupin Conference, Klink/Muritz, Germany, 20-24 June, 1999. 2000, 411-413
Burtt, E. S.; Hill, G. D., 1990. Yield and nutritive value of spring-sown sweet lupins (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniharvest) for lambs grazed at four different stages of growth 1. Dry matter production and utilisation. New Zeal. J. Agric. Res., 33 (3): 353-357
Burtt, E. S.; Hill, G. D., 1990. Yield and nutritive value of spring-sown sweet lupins (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniharvest) for lambs grazed at four different stages of growth. 2. Nutritive value. New Zeal. J. Agric. Res., 33 (3): 359-365
Burtt, E. S., 1981. The potential of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniharvest, in Canterbury, as a summer greenfeed for lambs. Master's Thesis, Lincoln College, University of Canterbury
Campos Andrada, M. de P. ; Bettencourt, E. ; Louro Martins, L. ; Mourato, M. ; Tavares-Soursa, M. M., 2008. The agronomic potential of a new sweet, narrow-leafed lupin cultivar for cultivation in Portugal. 2008 International Lupins Conference, 14-18 September, 2008, Fremantle, Western Australia
Cheveau, A., 2010. Cultiver des légumineuses en culture seule ou en association. InPACT37, Fiche technique
Clark, S., 2014. Plant guide for white lupine (Lupinus albus L.). USDA-NRCS, Big Flats Plant Materials Center, Corning, New York
DPIRD, 2019. Grazing stubble and dry pasture. Gov. West. Aust., Dep. Prim. Ind. Reg. Dev.
Ecocrop, 2017. Ecocrop database. FAO, Rome, Italy
Faligowska, A.; Selwet, M.; Panasiewicz, K.; Szymañska, G.; Smiatacz, K., 2014. The effect of forage harvest date and inoculation on the yield and fermentation characteristics of narrow-leaved lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) when ensiled as a whole crop. Legume Res., 37 (6): 621-627
FAO, 2017. Grassland Index. A searchable catalogue of grass and forage legumes. FAO, Rome, Italy
Flight, C. H., 1956. Lupinosis in sheep. Farming in South Africa, 32 (5): 37-39
Fraser, M. D.; Fychan, R.; Jones, R., 2005. Comparative yield and chemical composition of two varieties of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) when harvested as whole-crop, moist grain and dry grain. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 120 (1-2): 43–50
Fumagalli, P.; Comolli, R.; Ferrè, C.; Ghiani, A.; Gentili, R.; Citterio, S., 2014. The rotation of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) with metal-accumulating plant crops: A strategy to increase the benefits of soil phytoremediation. J. Environ. Manage., 145: 35–42
Gardner, C. A.; Elliot, H. G., 1929. The common blue lupin (Lupinus pilosus). West. Aust. Dep. Agric. J., Series 2, 6: 414-423
Gladstones, J. S., 1969. Lupins in Western Australia. 1. Species and varieties. J. Agric. West. Aust., 10: 318-324
Gladstones, J. S., 1970. Lupins as crop plants. Field Crop Abstr., 23 (2): 123-148
Glasscock, R. S. ; Cunha, T. J. ; Pearson, A. M., 1950. Observations on the value of sweet blue lupine seed meal as a feed for beef cattle. Univ. Florida, Agric. Exp. Station, Circular S-8, 6 p.
Graham Centre, 2011. Stubble Management - an integrated approach. EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, www.grahamcentre.net
Guđmundsson, Ó.; Runólfsson, S., 1988. Autumn grazing of finishing lambs on annual lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) under subarctic conditions. Búvísindi, 1: 45-57
Hamill, B. M., 2015. Sheep live-weight gain on cocksfoot-lupin compared with lucerne pastures in the first year (2014-2015) after establishment. Dissertation, Dpt of Agric. Sci., Lincoln University, New Zealand
Harries, A.; Choct, M.; Pittolo, P. , 1999. Rabbit performance is affected by fibre source in the diet. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia, 12, 18A
Hawthorne, W.; Bedggood, W., 2007. Lupins in South Australia & Victoria. Pulse Australia, DPI Victoria, PIRSA, SARDI, GRDC, Australia
Hentschel, W.; Wiche, O, 2016. Exudation of organic acids by Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius as affected by phosphorus supply. Geophys. Res. Abstr., 18: 16986
Hill, G. D.; Burtt, E. S., 1986. The effect of growth stage on yield and nutritional quality of Lupinus angustifolius when grazed by lambs. Proc. 4th Int. Lupin Conf., Western Austr. Dpt Agric., August 15-22, 1986, Geraldton, Western Australia
Horsted, K.; Hermansen, J. E., 2007. Whole wheat versus mixed layer diet as supplementary feed to layers foraging a sequence of different forage crops. Animal, 1 (4): 575-585
Jancik, F.; Kubelkova, P.; Koukolova, M.; Homolka, P., 2017. White and narrow-leafed lupine as an alternative source of quality forage. Forage Conservation. Nitra: National Agricultural and Food Centre. Vuvz, Czech Republic
Jansen, P. C. M., 2006. Lupinus albus L. Record from PROTA4U, Brink, M. & Belay, G. (Editors), PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa/Ressources végétales de l'Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands
Kemira, 2010. Crimping guide. Kemira Oyj ChemSolutions, Feed
Koltz, J. P. J., 1864. Le lupin, sa culture et ses usages. Librairie agricole d'Emile Tarlier, Bruxelles, Belgique
Lambers, H.; Bishop, J. G.; Hopper, S. D.; Etienne Laliberté E.; Zúñiga-Feest, A., 2012. Phosphorus-mobilization ecosystem engineering: the roles of cluster roots and carboxylate exudation in young P-limited ecosystems. Ann. Bot., 110 (2): 329-348
Lebas, F., 2016. Estimation of digestible energy content and protein digestibility of raw materials by the rabbit with a system of equations. Proc. 11th World Rabbit Congress, Qindao (China), 15-18 June 2016: 293-298
Lucas, M. M.; Stoddard, F. L.; Annicchiarico, P.; Frías, J.; Martínez-Villaluenga, C.; Sussmann, D.; Duranti, M.; Seger, A.; Zander, P. M.; Pueyo, J. J., 2015. The future of lupin as a protein crop in Europe. Front Plant Sci., 6: 705
Lukuyu, B.; Lule, P.; Kawuma, B.; Ouma, E., 2017. Feeds and forage interventions in the smallholder pig value chain of Uganda. ILRI Res. Brief No.78., ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya
Oldershaw, A. W., 1920. The value of lupins in the cultivation of poor, light land. J. Ministry Agric. (Great Britain), 26: 982-991
Pulse Australia, 2016. Australian Sweet Lupin Sown Area, 2010 to 2015. Pulse Australia Limited
Truter, W.; Dannhauser, C.; Smith, H.; Trytsman, G., 2015. Conservation agriculture: Part 17. Grain SA, www.grainsa.co.za
Van Zyl, L. G., 1967. Possibilities of lupins in the Eastern Transvaal. Farming in South Africa, 42 (11): 9
Van Zyl, L. G., 1973. Lupins in the south-eastern Transvaal Highveld. Farming in South Africa, 48 (12): 4-7, 10
Vosloo, L. P.; Coetzee, H. J. F.; van der Merwe, F. J., 1963. Bitter lupin silage should be supplemented. Farming in South Africa, 38 (12)
Wiley, T., 2009. Blue lupin. Pastures Australia
Wilkinson, I., 2017. Western Australian lupin industry. Gov. West. Aust., Dep. Prim. Ind. Reg. Dev.
Wolko, B.; Clements, J. C.; Naganowska, B.; Nelson, M. N.; Yang, H., 2010. Lupinus. In: Kole C. (eds), Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Zamora Natera, J. F. ; Obregón, C. del R.; Zapata Hernández, I.; Rodríguez Macías, R. ; García López, P. M., 2017. Preliminary estimation of forage yield and feeding value of Lupinus angustifolius varieties cultivated in Jalisco, México, during the cool season. Legume Res., 40 (6): 1060-1065
50 references found
Datasheet citation
Heuzé V., Thiollet H., Tran G., Nozière P., Lebas F., 2019. Blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) forage. Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/24503 Last updated on July 18, 2019, 18:08
Luis Fernández García
Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz
Javier Martin
Feedipedia - Animal Feed Resources Information System - INRA CIRAD AFZ and FAO © 2012-2019 | Copyright | Disclaimer | Editor login

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
About Page F30
Hermann Hesse's Demian, an interlinear translation
Hermann Hesse's Kinderseele, an interlinear translation
Interlinear Books
Interlinear books are bilingual translations where the original has a translation right below each word or expression. Try them out on Interlinear Books.
CoolJugator - Verb conjugation
For multilingual verb conjugation, try CoolJugator - a tool that can currently conjugate in dozens of different languages. It also recognizes forms and provides examples for each verb.
Readlang
A great way to read novels and webpages in foreign languages. Click to translate words and phrases and memorize them in-context with spaced repetition flashcards.
Why Norwegian is the easiest language for English speakers to learn
View from Ekeberg toward Grefsen , in Oslo. A week or so ago I wrote a fairly detailed post on why Persian / Farsi is actually much easier...
Iran in the 1970s before the Islamic Revolution
Mention the word Iran to most people and this image is probably close to what first comes to mind: Older people will remember a vastly di...
Detailed explanation of why Persian / Farsi is actually easier than the major European languages most people study
I've written about why Persian / Farsi is not only not a difficult language as a lot of people seem to think, and why it's actuall...
The fourteen cheapest places to live in Norway
Norway's one of the most expensive countries in the world, and house prices have remained at a record high this September , which is why...
Differences between the two Norwegian standards Bokmål and Nynorsk
Map of the official language forms of Norwegian municipalities as of 2007 There is almost no information on Norwegian in Korean at present ...
What Chinese looks, feels and sounds like when you're from Korea or Japan
Chinese characters throughout the world. The darkest green areas (Taiwan and South Korea) use unsimplified characters, China and Japan use ...
데이빛 / Mithridates
Owner of PageF30.com. Translator of Demian by Hermann Hesse into English - an interlinear translation for German students and those who want to see the original text. http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/mithradates Fluent in Japanese, Korean. Proficient in Mandarin, Turkish, German, French, Portuguese, others.
90 Years Ago Today (14) abkhazia (1) Acts (14) afghanistan (13) africa (17) Afrikaans (82) Akkadian (1) Albania (2) Albanian (2) Algeria (1) Ancient Greek (10) Angola (17) Announcements (29) anthropology (3) Antigua (1) apps (2) Arabic (20) Aragonese (2) Aramaic (3) Arapaho (1) Architecture (5) Argentina (2) armenia (22) Armenian (15) art (4) Australia (2) Austria (9) Avatar (13) Avestan (1) Azerbaijan (57) Azeri (12) Balkans (1) Bangladesh (1) Barack Obama (96) basqu (1) basque (9) Belarus (2) Belarusian (2) Belgium (4) Bengali (3) Berber (1) Bislama (11) Bob Barr (3) Bosnia and Herzegovina (1) Brazil (54) Breton (8) BTC Pipeline (10) Buginese (1) Bulgaria (17) Bulgarian (82) Calgary (4) california (1) Cameroon (1) canada (208) Cantonese (1) Cape Verde (4) Castlevania (1) catal (1) catalan (25) Catalonia (3) Cats (32) Cebuano (1) Chavacano (6) cherokee (1) Chile (3) china (91) Chinese (119) christianity (3) Cia-Cia (3) Colombia (2) comedy (4) Cornish (5) Corsican (2) Costa Rica (1) Cree (1) Crimean Tatar (1) Croatia (2) Croatian (3) cuba (8) Cyprus (4) Czech (5) Czech Republic (6) Dagestan (1) Danish (10) Deitsch (2) Demian (8) Democratic Republic of Congo (1) Denmark (9) Dingwa (2) Dutch (48) East Timor (16) Ecclesiastes (107) economy (101) Edmonton (1) education (15) Egypt (3) Egyptian Arabic (1) Elfdalian (1) elvish (1) England (11) English (116) entertainment (8) environment (117) Equatorial Guinea (14) Esperanto (64) Estonia (9) Estonian (18) etymology (1) europe (21) European Union (50) Fanagalo (1) Faroe Islands (1) Faroese (1) finland (8) finnish (10) Folkspraak (1) fra (1) France (62) fren (1) French (369) Frenkisch (4) Frisian (1) Fugo del Tenebro (12) Gabon (1) Gaelige (1) Gagauz (9) Gagauzia (2) Galician (4) games (6) geography (17) geopolitics (37) georgia (93) Georgian (2) German (290) germany (118) Germany in 1912 (46) Ghana (1) Gothic (2) Greece (8) Greek (7) Guinea-Bissau (3) Gullah (1) Haida (1) Haiti (3) Haitian Creole (5) health (24) hebrew (6) Hindi (1) History (115) Honduras (1) Hong Kong (2) Hungarian (6) Hungary (3) IALs (74) Iceland (19) Icelandic (39) Idiom neutral (16) Ido (155) India (14) Indo-European (12) Indonesia (7) indonesian (9) Interlingua (100) Internet (49) Interslavic (1) Inuktitut (4) Iran (281) Iranian election 2009 (175) iraq (16) Iraqi Kurdistan (1) Irish (7) Israel (16) italian (67) Italy (17) ithkuil (1) Jamaica (1) Jamaican Creole (2) Japan (35) Japanese (52) John McCain (26) Jordan (2) Judaeo-Spanish (1) Kaliningrad (3) Kalmyk (2) Kalmykia (5) Kazakh (15) Kazakhstan (44) Kenya (2) Klingon (1) konkani (1) Korea (154) Korean (157) Korean through music (20) Korean through signs (5) Kosovo (2) Kumzari (1) Kurdish (2) kyrgyz (4) kyrgyzstan (8) Ladino (3) language learning tips (87) languages (134) Latin (211) Latino sine Flexione (32) latvia (16) latvian (21) Lebanon (2) Liberia (1) Libya (1) lingala (1) Lingua Franca Nova (36) Lingwa de Planeta (6) literature (7) lithuania (10) Lithuanian (25) Livonian (1) Lord of the Rings (12) Low German (3) Low Saxon (1) Luxembourg (3) Luxembourgish (3) Macau (14) macedonia (3) Macedonian (5) Malaysia (1) Maldives (1) Mali (1) Malta (1) Maltese (7) Man from Earth (2) Manchu (1) Manx (1) Mauritius (2) Mayotte (1) Mexico (3) Middle East (1) Modern Indo-European (28) Moldova (10) Mondial (25) Mongolia (5) Mongolian (8) Montenegro (1) Morocco (3) Mozambique (13) Mundolingue (1) music (37) Na'vi (13) Namibia (3) Narnia (1) nature (1) Nauru (1) neolatino (1) Netherlands (13) Niger (1) Nigeria (5) Nonni e Manni (7) Norn (1) North Korea (6) norway (83) norwegian (157) Novial (3) occidental (148) Occitan (18) Ojibwe (1) Old English (12) Old Norse (1) Old Prussian (4) Oman (2) Open thread (8) Page F30 reader polls (45) Pakistan (4) Palestine (5) Panama (1) Papiamento (23) papiamentu (1) Papua New Guinea (1) paraguay (1) Persia (3) Persian (106) Peru (1) Philippines (14) Philosophy (1) physics (1) Plautdietsch (1) Polabian (1) Poland (9) Polish (8) politics (335) Portugal (49) portuguese (256) programming (3) Project Longshot (10) Qatar (2) Quebec (27) Quote of the day (12) Religion (72) Republic of Congo (2) Reunion (2) Romania (8) Romanian (58) romansch (1) Ron Paul (15) Russia (78) russian (48) Rwanda (4) Sakha (1) Salar (1) sambahsa (6) Sambahsa-mundialect (39) Sami (1) Samogitian (1) Sanskrit (4) Sao Tome and Principe (2) Sardinian (3) Saudi Arabia (1) science (64) Scotland (2) Scots (4) Scottish Gaelic (4) Senegal (7) Serbia (4) Serbian (9) Serbo-Croatian (3) Sherlock Holmes (5) Sierra Leone (1) sign language (4) Siletz (1) Slovak (2) Slovakia (4) Slovene (5) slovenia (2) Somalia (3) South Africa (25) south ossetia (1) Sovereign Military Order of Malta (1) space (1035) Spain (58) Spanish (371) Sports (8) Star Trek (5) star wars (1) Sudan (1) Swahili (1) Sweden (13) Swedish (13) Swiss German (1) Switzerland (12) Syria (5) Tagalog (1) Taiwan (6) Tajik (4) Tajikistan (12) Tanzania (2) Tatarstan (1) technology (307) Terminator (7) Tetum (2) Thailand (2) tibetan (1) Tok Pisin (4) Transnistria (3) travel (1) Trinidad and Tobago (1) Tuareg (1) tunisia (3) Türkçe Öğreniyorum (11) Turkey (97) Turkish (438) Turkmen (5) Turkmenistan (30) Turks and Caicos (2) Uganda (2) Ukraine (5) ukrainian (1) Ultima (1) United Arab Emirates (3) United Kingdom (27) United Nations (1) United States (321) Universalglot (2) Urdu (3) Uropi (2) Uyghur (2) Uzbek (10) Uzbekistan (35) Valencian (1) Vanuatu (5) Vatican (3) venetian (1) Venezuela (4) Vietnam (3) Vietnamese (2) Vikings (1) Volapük (5) Wales (2) Waray-Waray (1) Welsh (10) Wikipedia (112) Wolof (1) world news (46) Xhosa (3) Yemen (1) yiddi (1) Yiddish (5) Yugoslavia (1) Zazaki (1) Zimbabwe (2) Zulu (6)
Tweets de @mithridates
Gunnar Wetterberg believes the Nordic countries should form a union by 2030
From an article here in Norwegian, that already has 433 replies in the comments section below. If the subject piques your interest but you don't know Norwegian then going through the comments section with Google Translate should be well worth your time.
We will be one of the strongest economies in the world, says the Swedish historian.
Today is Nordens Dag, which commemorates the basic agreement of cooperation between the Scandinavian countries that was signed in Helsinki in 1962.
All representatives from the Nordic countries were invited to Trondheim to mark the day. The Swedish historian Gunnar Wetterberg held a lecture today where he presented an exciting proposal: to merge the five Nordic countries into a single federal state. "When these countries are so near to each other in language and culture, it is no wonder that we were together not so long ago...We will have a very strong base for economic growth in the area, much stronger than we have when our countries are working separately."
There have been many Nordic unions over the centuries, but they have never quite worked. Wetterberg believes there are other causes behind that: "Perhaps there were others outside the region that didn't want it to go so well. For example the Dutch and English would not want both sides of Øresund (the strait between Denmark and Sweden) to belong to the same country...We also ended up in the middle of the USA and Soviet Union during the Cold War."
On the possibility of internal strife in such a union he says that "It has always been the case in Europe that one group fights with another. But now, after 600 years, the great powers are finally leaving us alone." On the possibility that Sweden would dominate such a union: "The Swedes are not so high on the pole any longer either, because you (Norwegians) are richer than us, Finns are better with technology, and the Danes did a better job getting through the financial crisis than we did. None of the lands would end up being Big Brother, and we will go together on equal terms."
Gunnar Wetterberg is optimistic about the timeframe, and believes it could be done around 2030. "The interesting thing is that the population has been in the forefront of this. 1 of 10 employees in Oslo are Swedish, and three percent of the population in Malmö (just across the bay from Denmark) commute across the bridge to Denmark to go to work. It's happening today, and now it is just up to politicians to put a frame on it."
Just to provide some economic background, the "core" Scandinavian countries of Sweden, Norway and Denmark together would have a GDP in between Australia and Mexico - right now the highest, Sweden, is 21th in terms of GDP but together they would be in 14th place. With Finland and Iceland added it would be around $1.4 trillion, in between Spain and India. Population of the core three together would be around 20 million, then add another 5 million to that with Finland and Iceland.
The inclusion of Finland would make such a union a political and not a linguistic one, since Finland only has Sweden as a nominal official language (with many Swedish speakers, but still a minority) while Finnish is from a completely different language family. Also, since Denmark is technically sovereign over the Faroese Islands (where the language is very similar to Icelandic) a union of even the first three countries would have a group of insular Scandinavian speakers anyway. And let's not forget Elfdalian (yes, that's a real language).
Posted by 데이빛 / Mithridates at 1:46 AM
Labels: Denmark, finland, Iceland, norway, norwegian, Sweden, world news
© Blogger templates Newspaper by Ourblogtemplates.com 2008


Obv/ S BLASIVS RAGVSII; St. Blasius standing, holding crozier and raising hand in benediction.
Rev/ IC - XC; Christ in mandorla, holding book of Gospels and raising hand in benediction.
Seller's Note/ St Blasius was the protector of the medieval city of Ragusa, modern day Dubrovnik, and his statues are found everywhere within the city walls. Our example is an excellent representative of the money that was struck and circulated in late 14th century. Ragusa city issues are highly desirable for any collector of medieval hammered silver coins, especially in this condition. Now offered at one half the price you'll find anywhere...if you can even find one!


8730 kills, 2132 wipes, 80.4 % success.
2416837 DPS, 725969 HPS, 285.2 seconds.
Data gathered from 8729 fights. Data gathered from 2124 fights.
8906 kills, 15313 wipes, 36.8 % success.
3090424 DPS, 1148855 HPS, 300.3 seconds.
Data gathered from 8906 fights. Data gathered from 15308 fights.
335 kills, 3584 wipes, 8.5 % success.
4252346 DPS, 1642140 HPS, 368.2 seconds.
Data gathered from 335 fights. Data gathered from 3583 fights.
575 kills, 10 wipes, 98.3 % success.
4151575 DPS, 521581 HPS, 201.2 seconds.
Data gathered from 575 fights. Data gathered from 10 fights.


text:
Scope of AI as a career in India
Artificial Intelligence, is like the new age wheel or fire, which can transform the entire landscape of industries.
Since last few decades, there is an exponential growth in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Artificial Intelligence is a sub-branch of Computer science, is the science that helps develop computer machines that impersonate human intelligence. Thus, these machines are able to visually perceive things, recognize and differentiate speech, make decisions, translate between languages and much more. It has the potential to change every sector as and when needed. From something as simple to Agriculture to Healthcare and defense, it has the potential to do it all.
With more people being attracted to the idea of Artificial Intelligence, people are now seeing a potential career in the field of AI. However, before you can do so, it is always a good thing to evaluate the scope and future of AI. The scope of AI in India is very significant as the ultimate aim is to create computer programs that can manage different problems and provide goal-oriented solutions efficiently. Hence, there is a scope for computer vision, game development, speech recognition, robotics, and language detection.
Educational requirement before opting AI:
- Mathematics, extending to mathematical logic. Particularly, topics such as algorithms, algebra, probability, calculus, and statistics.
- Sciences, mainly physics also plays a crucial part and also neural nets, graphical modeling, cognitive science theory, and robotics.
- Some knowledge of biology, mainly related to physiology and psychology is necessary
- The theory of computer science and how it actually works.
- Programming languages and coding is an complete must. It is important to learn at least 2 to 3 universal coding languages which is used for machine language coding; like C++, Java, and Prolog to name a few.
If you have a sufficient background knowledge related to AI, then the next obvious step would be to figure out where to pursue a course/degree in AI. If you want to study abroad, then there are an umpteen number of universities in the US. However, if you want to do the same in India, then IIT Madras, IIT Kharagpur, and IISc Bangalore offer the same courses.
Some institutes in India which offer courses in Artificial Intelligence are:
ISI Kolkata
To know about more institutes logon to: https://www.shiksha.com/it-software/ai-robotics/colleges/colleges-india
The career domains that include AI are many and vast. Some common domains include:
- Private and Public organizations.
- Education, both primary and advanced.
- Advanced Healthcare facilities.
- Government agencies and committees related to research.
- Military.
Various roles available in these sectors include:
- Software, Electrical and Mechanical engineers, developers, and analysts.
- Research scientists
- Manufacturing and maintenance engineers.
- Computer engineers, Game programmers, developers and algorithm specialists.
- Surgical technicians
Artificial Intelligence is being utilized by more and more companies to create products and services at breakneck speed. Thus, in near future, Artificial Intelligence is going to outperform human performance by leaps and bounds. With a rich range of talent in the sector of computer science, data science and the related fields, India is making its mark in the AI world market. With a more success rate, more talent will eventually be pooled into this trendy field in the country and we are already on our march to raising our rank in the AI competition!
Starting a career in data science
How 12th marks will affect your future career
How to make a career in Astronomy and
How to Make a Career in the Mining industry?
Mining industry has tremendous potentiality and henceforth warrants fabulous career growth for new entrants and existing workforce
Richa DubeyTeentalkindia Content Writer
Mining industry is a dynamic and exciting industry to work for.This industry mostly gives you an opportunity to earn higher than the average for all other industries. It is a lucrative industry that continuously provides a platform for local economies in various regions. So,are you interested in extracting various resources like iron, gold, coal, limestone, uranium etc and finding new deposits? This industry has tremendous potentiality and henceforth warrants fabulous career growth for new entrants and existing workforce too. In this article we are trying to inform you about perspective of making a career in Mining industry.
Let us first discuss about the jobs which are available in this field. There is a vacancy for workers like welders, cutters to management, business, and financial professionals. Give a look to the list :
Assay Lab Technician, Diamond Driller, Environmental coordinator, Contract Miner, Development miner, Geologist, Electrician, Geologist, Millwright/Mechanic, Metallurgical engineer, Prospector, Welder, cutters, surveyor, sales/management etc
If you are specifically interested in Mine Engineering then you can opt to become Mining engineer, Project engineer, planning engineer. The primary concern of a Mine engineer is apply all engineering principles and theories to attain maximum profit and production.
After knowing what are the jobs, let us discuss about the Courses in India. So here is a list of what all degrees courses can you choose and become a mining engineer.
As training course one can pursue:
Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng. or B.E.) in Mining Engineering
Diploma in Mining Engineering
Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) in Mining Engineering
Later to be licensed as a mining engineer and depending on which country you want to work in you can get any Master's degree:
Master of Engineering (M.Eng.)
For a convenient selection of college to get a degree from here is a list of top government colleges in India.
Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur
College of Engineering, Guindy
National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal
MBM Engineering College, Jodhpur
Government Polytechnic, Nagpur
Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi
National Institute of Technology Rourkela
National Institute of Technology Raipur
BIT Sindri, Dhanbad
Indian Institute of Technology Indian School of Mines,Dhanbad
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune
The Institutions of Engineers India, Kolkata
6 highest paid Indian Government jobs for Millennial
Tips to crack Group discussion for competitive exams