Regardless of your business model, incorporating Facebook ads into your marketing funnel can be a dependable way to drive customers to your site and, ultimately, boost sales.
The concept is simple enough: You target prospective buyers on Facebook with an ad.
But when it comes to Facebook, the real key is how to create sustainable traffic—in other words, campaigns that will deliver traffic reliably month over month.
With that in mind, let's consider the various actions that you'd like site visitors to take upon visiting your site.
Naturally, you want to drive site visitors who will buy your product after being served an ad. However, these "hard conversions" are typically the toughest sell—literally—to achieve, at least initially.
You want your visitors to subscribe to a newsletter or fill out a lead form (which means they've opted in and given you their email, which will, in turn, give you more opportunities to reach them and get back them to your site). In this scenario, they're not purchasing but they're asking for more information about your company, your product, your services. Typically we use a number of different opt-in formats across the site.
A retargeting 'pool' is a group of visitors to your site who we can target with various offers & messages. Retargeting is often cheaper than generating first-time visitors from traffic sources like PPC on Google Adwords and Bing, so if we can drive a large number of affordable visits from Facebook ads and then retarget those users again with Facebook ads, we can reach a broader audience of potential buyers with our given campaign budget. The tradeoff, however, is that these users convert less often than visitors from paid search campaigns.
Our goal here is to drive relevant traffic from your target audience and get them to complete one of these soft conversions.
So – what kind of Facebook ads drive your audience to complete one of the goals above?
The next question you need to answer is which type of Facebook ad is most appropriate for your goals.
The answer could be both – and that's the trick to using Facebook ads to generate continual traffic, not just occasional bursts.
Our real goal is to drive lots of visitors to our site who fit into our target audience, turn them into an email subscriber or add them to our retargeting pool, and then attract those visitors back to the site with sales messaging in order to produce an actual lead or sale.
Let's look at some examples of each type of ad.
Remember when I mentioned the concept of showing off some of your recent press mentions? Here's a good example of a shoe company called Allbirds, showing off a quote they received from Time.com. And in this case – they're actually sending traffic directly to the article on Time's website!
If it's a long sales cycle, such as an enterprise software purchase, your best approach might be to keep showing them unique aspects of your product. This example from BigCommerce shows off one of their product features that are likely a selling point for eCommerce shop owners who want to sell on Amazon.
It's a pretty simple premise: Pick whatever is the next thing you'd like them to do—sign up for the newsletter, download a whitepaper, submit a contact form, buy something, etc.–and create an ad that gets them to the site and encourages them to complete that goal.
Once the user makes it to your site, it's important to give them options once they're there: a free download, a coupon, or something else that's valuable to them. And remember, target tightly: you want to identify audiences closer to 5,000 or 50,000 people, not a million people.
Remember: you don't have to exclude people who don't purchase from your ad campaign. Some studies say that it takes 7-10 visits to a site before making a sale. It really depends on your business category and its customer base, so it's important to know your customer's buying process—which means researching and testing, testing, testing.
What Do You Do After They've Been To The Site Without Purchasing?
Ok, let's assume you've driven some good soft conversions from a blog post you promoted. You've got your ideal buyer to your site and they've given you their email (most likely because you offered up useful information about a topic they're interested in).
Your job just got a lot easier, and you'll continue to send them info, discounts, a newsletter – whatever it is that they've opted in to receive – and prioritize actually getting them to buy. I highly suggest having a drip email campaign in place so that they're not waiting for you to send your next email.
Let's focus then a bit more on the second-best scenario if they don't join your email list, retargeting because it's a super important and cost-effective way to reach your audience.
Think about it: They've already self-selected to check out your website based on a Facebook ad you showed them. And since Facebook clicks are all over the place price-wise, you now also have the ability to retarget them in places they've chosen to be, or in other affordable ways, like via a Google Adwords retargeting campaign.
How do you get the brand in front of them a bunch of times after they've seen the Facebook ad and, consequently, visited your site?
Simple. You retarget based on what page or services a prospective customer looks at on your site, generally a specific URL or a set of URLs. Often, while retargeting, you may run multiple simultaneous campaigns directed at the same customer.
Suppose you sell outdoor gear and your intended customer visited the "Camping Tents" eCommerce category of your website.
What are your options to get your brand in front of them through retargeting?
You could serve up an ad to them on a general tents page on Amazon, on a tents sale page, or on a page displaying a particular model of tents.
Basically, the more they click, the more you learn about what they're specifically looking for via the pages they visit, and you can follow-up with ads that get more granular as they dive deeper into your site.
For example – if they spent a lot of time on a specific product page, you may want to show ads for that exact product, whereas if they only looked at the category page, you may want to show them a general ad for all products in that category. The trick here, of course, is to test out which approach works better for your customers.
The Bottom Line: Facebook advertising isn't a big mystery, but it does take an understanding of your customer base and a concrete goal with the appropriate messaging to achieve it. It may take some research into your category or some testing of different types of ads to figure it out, but that extra legwork should pay off and turn Facebook ads into a sustainable, profitable part of your business.
Kane Jamison is the founder of Content Harmony, a content marketing agency based in Seattle, WA. Content Harmony specializes in working with eCommerce and software companies to build comprehensive content marketing programs that acquire, engage, and convert potential customers.


There are a lot of people out there who are really seeing a lot of potential when it come to online work and the like and if you are someone who always wanted to have your very own website, you can actually get to have it. If you are starting from scratch, the best thing that you can do about this is that you should really go and start looking for services out there that can help you get started with a good web design. If you are someone who really wants a good website to use for certain things but you are unsure of how you can come up with a good one, the best thing that you can do is to go and hire a professional service to help you with these kinds of things. Let us find out about those wonderful services now so stay tuned.
Getting a good web design service can really help you come up with a website that you have always been wanting since forever. There are many kinds of websites that you can get out there and if you are unsure of what kind of websites you should have, you can just ask those web designers about what the best website to get or to have created is. Getting a web design is not easy and if you had to do these things on your own, you might not know what to do or you might not do a very good job. The best thing that you can do when it comes to these web design tasks is to hire those professionals out there because these are really good services indeed.
Another great thing that you can try out when you are planning to start something big online is the SEO strategy. SEO is a really wonderful marketing strategy that you can use for your website and when you are using this strategy, you can really gain more sales and a lot more traffic to your websites which is something that you should really like. SEO or search engine optimization is not hard to understand and if you are someone who really wants to try it out, you can get those services that can help you learn how the SEO way is done. You will really get to experience something that is very different when you start using SEO for your website because it can really be so good. Have a good day ahead of you.


text:
import System.Process (readProcessWithExitCode)
import System.Exit (ExitCode(ExitSuccess))
import System.IO.Unsafe (unsafeInterleaveIO)
import Data.List (intercalate)

import Utils (stringsFromStatus, Hash(MkHash))
import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe)
import Control.Applicative ((<$>))

{- Git commands -}

successOrNothing :: (ExitCode, a, b) -> Maybe a
successOrNothing (exitCode, output, _) =
	if exitCode == ExitSuccess then Just output else Nothing

safeRun :: String -> [String] -> IO (Maybe String)
safeRun command arguments = successOrNothing <$> readProcessWithExitCode command arguments ""

gitstatus :: IO (Maybe String)
gitstatus =   safeRun "git" ["status", "--porcelain", "--branch"]

gitrevparse :: IO (Maybe Hash)
gitrevparse = do
		result <- safeRun "git" ["rev-parse", "--short", "HEAD"]
		return $ MkHash . init <$> result

{- main -}

main :: IO ()
main = do
	mstatus <- gitstatus
	mhash <- unsafeInterleaveIO gitrevparse -- defer the execution until we know we need the hash
	let result = do
		status <- mstatus
		strings <- stringsFromStatus mhash status
		return $ intercalate " " strings
	putStr $ fromMaybe "" result

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


At Data Recycling New England, we make it our business to help schools and other organizations recycle and dispose of their used electronic equipment. To do that efficiently and effectively, we need to make sure that we can gain authorized access to each device to make sure that all identifying or sensitive information on it is completely wiped before recycling. Specifically, this means to unenroll devices.
In some cases, especially those involving school-distributed electronics such as laptops and tablets, this has becoming increasingly difficult as security protocols have advanced. In most cases, each device distributed by the school is enrolled on the school's network and on their servers so that not only can information be shared, but usage can be limited and tracked. Before we can recycle the product, it must be "unenrolled" from the system before we arrive to pick them up. If your school owns and restricts its users' computer devices, we ask that you contact that "owner," such as your IT Department "Admin" or designated tech person to "unenroll" or "deprovision" these items prior to our pick-up at your school.
Also, please provide the contact person's name and information to us, in case additional questions arise.
You may also want to consider fund raising opportunities for your school organizations, clubs, etc. in the form of a Data Recycling Waste Collection Day. Information on how to host a fundraising event is available on our website or by emailing us at info@DataRecyclingNE.com.
Data Recycling continues to provide all schools with FREE Electronic Information Destruction, complete with destruction certification, and, as always, free pick-up. We look forward to doing business with you.


text:
Almaz Ayana and Diamond Race Leader Genzebe Dibaba slated to face off in Zurich, by Sabrina Yohannes
By Larry Eder on September 2, 2015 12:08 PM | 0 Comments
Sabrina Yohannes wrote this piece on the Almaz Ayana and Genzebe Dibaba and their upcoming battle on September 3 in Zurich Diamond League.
The battle for the World Champs 5,000 meters was one of the highlights of the recently ended World Champs!
Almaz Ayana and Diamond Race Leader Genzebe Dibaba Slated To Face Off in Zurich
By Sabrina Yohannes
In the world championships 5000m, Ethiopia's Almaz Ayana delivered emphatically on the indications in her season that she could mount a viable challenge to her highly favored teammate Genzebe Dibaba particularly given the latter's Beijing schedule.
The only thing that had appeared to give Dibaba pause when she discussed the 1500m-5000m double ahead of Beijing was the question of how she would feel about running heats and finals in two events, to which she'd replied, "I don't know, it's tough because of the number of rounds."
Dibaba took gold in the Beijing 1500m and said after settling for bronze in the 5000m that her prolific schedule had resulted in a problem in her foot.
"In ten days, this is my fifth race," she said, after finishing in 14:44.14 and narrowly losing silver to her teammate Senbere Teferi. "A month and two weeks ago, I ran 5000m much faster than this. I think this performance is the result of the injury."
Dibaba ran a personal best 14:15.41 in the July 4 Paris Diamond League race which she won ahead of Ayana, after a world record attempt and plans to share the pacemaking fell apart mid-race. The 14:14.32 world leader Ayana served as a de facto pacemaker in Paris, which suggested that in a championship race with no such complications, she could do better.
And better Ayana did do in Beijing, taking control halfway and running away with over three laps to go to take gold in a championship record 14:26.83, a feat that earned her the fan-voted adidas and IAAF Performance of the Day nod.
The teammates displayed good sportsmanship towards one another after their race, Dibaba slapping palms with and hugging Ayana as soon as she crossed the line (at 2:20 of the race highlights video), and the women speaking well of one another.
"Both of the winners are my compatriots ... and I'm very happy," said Dibaba of the gold and silver medalists.
Ayana, who stated that she had felt leg pain during the race in Paris and it had played a role in her finish there, said of Dibaba, "I respect her greatly."
Ethiopia took a clean sweep of the women's 5000m at the 2005 worlds, led by Dibaba's sister Tirunesh, and the new 2015 medalists who duplicated that feat on Sunday are all on the 3000m entry list of the September 3 Zurich Diamond League meet.
It is set to be Dibaba's sixth race in 13 days, and Ayana and Teferi's third in eight days, so none will have had much time to recover. By race end, Dibaba will have competed over a total distance of 17,500m against championship caliber fields.
Ayana and Teferi's race load will be comparable to many of their Zurich competitors', as 7 of the top 11 finishers in the Beijing final are scheduled to race in Switzerland, including Kenyans Viola Jelagat Kibiwot and Mercy Cherono, who placed fourth and fifth in Beijing.
Their compatriot, the former world 5000m and 10,000m champion Vivian Cheruiyot, who reclaimed her title in the longer event in Beijing, is also in the Weltklasse Zurich field.
DIBABA POISED TO TAKE DIAMOND TROPHY
The Zurich race is the last women's 3000m/5000m event in the 2015 Diamond League, and Dibaba leads the series standings with 12 points. Unless she fails to start the race or finishes off the podium in Zurich, she will win the Diamond trophy.
The final DL race in each event carries double the points of earlier races: 8 points for the win, 4 for second place and 2 for third place.
Ayana currently has 6 points and Cherono has 5. If either of them wins in Zurich -- ending up with 14 or 13 points -- that will secure the trophy only if Dibaba earns no points.
In the event that Ayana wins the race and Dibaba takes third, leaving both women with 14 points, Dibaba still wins the trophy, as the tie-breaker is the number of 2015 DL wins. To date, Dibaba has three -- Eugene, Oslo and Paris -- to Ayana's one - Shanghai.
All other women in the field have 3 or fewer points so far and can't reach Dibaba's current 12, even in the event of an unexpected win in Zurich.
Cherono won the 5000m trophy last year, and Cheruiyot the first three years of the DL, 2010 through 2012. The only Ethiopian winner in the event to date is Meseret Defar, who took the trophy in 2013; and as long as she makes top three in Zurich on Thursday, Dibaba will be the next.
Track & Field,

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We at Migraine.com want to share a few words of thanks to our amazing community members for spreading awareness far and wide during Migraine and Headache Awareness Month! It's your involvement that makes this community so special, so unique, and makes the cause of raising awareness about migraine much more visible.
The very first day of Migraine and Headache Awareness Month (MHAM) this year was June 1, 2015, and our community rose to the occasion via our Facebook page. The post on raising awareness was shared by these enthusiastic advocates, reaching over 172,000 people within hours.
Whether you read, liked, commented, shared, tweeted, or simply had a conversation with a loved one or even a stranger to help educate others, or any of the countless ways you might interact with us and with the cause – your unique way of being involved matters, and this important month would not have been the same without you.
We truly believe that we have the most amazing community, and we can not thank you enough for being a part of it. Because of you, we are able to make a positive difference in people's lives, and we are so incredibly grateful.
As Migraine and Headache Awareness Month comes to a close, our hearts are full of appreciation for you – our community.


Ok. Well yesterday afternoon heading towards evening the weather turned bad, and it began to storm. But then, you did not tune in for a weather forecast did you. I was just going to explain what I am doing up early on the weekend. Let's see, I have a lot to do today that my friends and I did not get accomplished yesterday due to the bad weather. People in Charlotte, North Carolina are really cool, but when the weather changes – either snow or rain, driving becomes downright hazardous. We therefore concluded our excursion early, and headed home.
I got up early to do the scripting games event 3, and then head out with my friends. There is a pretty cool restaurant down by the lake that makes a nice breakfast, and we are all getting together for a sort of breakfast / lunch (brunch if you will) meal.
What can I say about event 3? Well first of all I hate the cmdlet I have to use for this event. It is a powerful cmdlet, but it is annoying to use. Luckily, the Scripting Guy wrote some recent articles about this cmdlet, so I am in good shape there. You can use the Get-Command cmdlet and look for cmdlets that have a noun that contains the word *event* in it and find the correct cmdlet to use. Next I needed to filter the results to find logs that are enabled and sort the logs and format the output. I talked about using the Format-Table cmdlet a while back so I am up to speed on that.
Well, I hope this gets you going on Event three. Remember, you still have until midnight tonight (1201 AM (-8 GMT) 4/11/2011) to turn in Event 1. Event 2 will be due on Monday night, and Event 3 on Tuesday night … so there is plenty of time to get in the games. See you tomorrow.


text:
You are at:Home»Campus»Southeast Announces Spring 2016 Dean's List
Southeast Announces Spring 2016 Dean's List
By Ann Hayes on	 May 23, 2016 Campus, Faculty and Staff, Featured, Home Page, Students
Southeast Missouri State University has announced its Dean's List for academic achievement during the spring 2016 semester.
Students named to the list earned at least a 3.75 grade point average on a 4.0 scale, completed at least 12 hours of standard graded credit, achieved no grade below a B and received no failing grades in enrolled, credit/no credit or pass/fail courses.
View the complete spring 2016 Dean's List.


text:
Q: function problems in PHP I searched and searched and couldnt find any answer to my question So I'm sorry if this is a repost newbie here.
I have this function in a separate file called functions.php
function get_all_posts(){
global $connection;
$q = "SELECT * FROM blog LIMIT 1";
$get_posts = mysqli_query($connection, $q);
if (!$get_posts){
    die ('Query failed.');
}
return $get_posts;
}

And a called to function in blog.php

        <?php get_all_posts();
            while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($get_posts)){
         ?>

<?php echo $row['title']; ?>

         <?php } ?>
        </form>

But I keep having an undifined variable $get_posts.

A: You don't capture the returned value. e.g. you should have
$get_posts = get_all_posts();

If you don't assign the return value of a function to a variable, that return value is thrown away. So your query was basically useless.

A: You have to assign  the results of get_all_posts to $get_posts;
<?php $get_posts = get_all_posts();
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($get_posts)){
     ?>

<?php echo $row['title']; ?>

     <?php } ?>
    </form>

A: Change the code in your blog.php to something like this:

    <?php
        $get_posts = get_all_posts();
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($get_posts))
        {
     ?>

<?php echo $row['title']; ?>

     <?php
        }
     ?>
    </form>

Your function returns a value, but it doesn't pass it straight out. You have to capture it in a variable like so $newvariable = function(); and then you can use $newvariable wherever you want.

A: Sure! In order for you not to get undefined variable, you must assign value to your variable, in this scenario $get_posts, before using it in  mysqli_fetch_array() function. The code Orangepill suggested will definitely work.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to use if statements in initState right with flutter and firebase? I am trying to auto login user and Navigate the user to either Admin, Student or Teacher page after loging in with firebase and fetching there data successfull, everything is good except when I added the three choices 'Admin, Student or Techer' in an initState with three if statements It doesn't do autologin but when I replace them with one process It works So I don't know what is the proplem, every thing is fine, it finds the user, It fetchs its data and prints to be sure and navigates according to the userType which is not null, but when I do restart It doesn't do autologin. My code :
@override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    print(userType);
    FirebaseAuth.instance.currentUser().then((res) {
      print(res);
      if (res != null) {
        if (userType == 'Student') {
          Navigator.pushReplacementNamed(context, '/StudentsPage');
        } else if (userType == 'Teacher') {
          Navigator.pushReplacementNamed(context, '/TeacherPage');
        } else if (userType == 'Admin') {
          Navigator.pushReplacementNamed(context, '/AdminPage');
        }
      }


We know you remember it as vividly as we do.
Coming together to eat good food, raise good money, and have good times with friends and neighbors. "Party With a Purpose on Holmes Street" was all that and then some. Hot weather some years, rainouts on one. Live music, handmade desserts, face painters, puppet shows, miniature golf, games, liquid nitrogen ice cream, popcorn, cotton candy, drinks.... The list seems endless, and, in the end, when it was all over, this amazing street in this amazing town raised just under $115,000 for the AIDS Service Foundation of Greater Kansas City. 10 years of street partying made change for many.
We are celebrating the fact that Gary & Janie Foltz are this year's Honorary Chairpersons for AIDS Walk Kansas City. We would like to invite you to join us by donating in their name to this year's AIDS Walk. Around 5,700 men, women and children in this city still are living with HIV/AIDS, and many more are at risk. Education and prevention are still key.
We have been lucky to have shared a driveway and almost half of our lives with Janie & Gary. They are our friends, and, in many ways, mentors to us both. We have watched and learned from them. When we have been overzealous, they have calmed us. When any of us needs help, the others are there. We know how lucky we are.
And we know how lucky AIDS Walk is to have their voices, influence, and talent in this, the 31st year of walking the walk. They are beyond deserving of this recognition.
We would love to have you join us in honoring Gary & Janie by making a donation in their name to this year's AIDS Walk.
Thank you for thinking about honoring our fabulous neighbors along with us.


text:
Home » COVID-19 » Vaccine Passport Legislation & Executive Orders
Vaccine Passport Legislation & Executive Orders
By statecapitallobbyistPublished On: June 15th, 2021Categories: COVID-19, Health Care
Map created by Peter Brath with mapchart.net
The Biden administration has publicly announced that it does not intend to implement a vaccine passport system nationally. Nevertheless, many states have taken action on their own to either implement vaccine requirements or ban them via vaccine passport legislation or executive action (vaccine passport executive orders). Oregon and Washington allow some exemptions to their at-work social distancing laws if employees can provide proof of insurance. However, neither state has yet implemented a vaccine passport system. States like Virginia and New Jersey are considering implementing a vaccine passport system but have not yet moved forward on the issue.
Meanwhile, states such as Missouri, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and New Hampshire have bills moving through the legislature to ban or limit the use of vaccine passports. However, there is no guarantee that these measures will pass or be signed into law. The following states have recently passed legislation implementing vaccine passports or banning vaccine passports.
State-Sponsored Vaccine Passports:
Alaska: Optional App
Alaska is preparing to launch an optional app that will allow residents to easily pull up their COVID (and other) vaccination records. The app is called MyIR Mobile, and a pilot program could debut in the next two months, but there is no set timeline for a launch yet. The app will be optional to use, and Alaska Governor Mike Dunleavy issued an executive order in late April stating that the Executive Branch of the Alaska government will not require people to provide proof of vaccination to travel to, from, or within the state.
Hawaii: Safe Travels
Hawaii has a vaccine passport program called "Safe Travels" that allows vaccinated Hawaiians to travel inter-island within Hawaii without pre-travel testing or quarantine restrictions. When a Hawaii resident gets their vaccine, they can upload their vaccination information to the program website and enroll in the program, so long as a certified testing partner vaccinates them. Beginning June 15, these benefits will be extended to all Hawaiians. The Safe Travels program will allow people vaccinated in Hawaii to travel to and from the mainland without a pre-travel negative COVID test. Governor David Ige has suggested that when 60% of Hawaiians are fully vaccinated, travelers vaccinated on the mainland may travel to Hawaii through the Safe Travels program without a pre-travel test. However, people looking to visit Hawaii will still need to present a negative test and quarantine until this update to the program goes into effect at an unknown future date.
Louisiana: LA Wallet
Louisiana offers a makeshift vaccine passport system by allowing residents to access their COVID vaccination record through an optional feature on their digital driver's license app, the LA Wallet app. Residents who choose to opt-in give the app permission to access their COVID vaccination record on file with the Louisiana Department of Health. The Louisiana State Legislature is currently considering a bill that would prevent the state Department of Public Safety and Corrections, office of motor vehicles, from adding vaccination status to state-issued IDs and driver's licenses. The current system through the LA Wallet app does not connect to a driver's license but does use the state's driver's license app.
New York: Excelsior Pass
New York has probably the most well-known vaccine passport system so far, the "Excelsior Pass." The Excelsior Pass is a government-issued vaccine passport that allows New Yorkers to store vaccination and testing information online. They can access the pass to provide proof of vaccination or a negative test through an app on their phone or by printing out a paper form from the program website. Businesses and venues participating in the program can scan a QR code from a smartphone or printed pass. Customers must also provide a photo ID to verify that they are using their own pass. The program is voluntary to join, but currently, over 1 million New Yorkers (out of more than 9 million vaccinated) have registered with Excelsior. Many sports venues and small businesses have begun to use the pass. However, most businesses in the state do not require any proof of vaccination.
Additionally, there are still privacy concerns that are being addressed by the state legislature. However, they have not yet agreed on a bill to add extra protections. The pass is available in 11 different languages.
Washington, D.C.: MyIR system
Like Alaska, DC will also use the MyIR system to help residents keep track of their vaccination records. Unlike Alaska, however, DC residents can already sign up for and use the system. Residents who want to sign up for the system can do so through a two-step verification process that matches their information to their information in the immunization registry. The new system is not mandatory, but it can make providing proof of vaccination easier for DC residents. Residents who get their COVID shot outside of DC may have trouble accessing their records. Others may experience delays if the place they received their vaccination from is slow to report. DC Health is working to include out of jurisdiction vaccinations in the MyIR system. However, they have not said when they will be available. Eventually, DC plans to allow residents to store all their vaccination records in this system.
States with Vaccine Passport Bans:
Alabama: Vaccine Passport Legislation
Alabama passed legislation that prevents businesses, universities, and state agencies from requiring proof of vaccination for entry. The bill does make exceptions for certain immunization requirements already in place. It does not specify penalties for institutions that violate the new law.
Arizona: Executive Order Banning Vaccine Passports
Arizona Governor Doug Ducey signed an executive order banning state and local governments from requiring residents to provide proof of vaccination to enter businesses, parks, buildings, etc. Additionally, businesses contracting with the state to provide public services may not require proof of vaccination, but other private businesses may do so.
Arkansas: Vaccine Passport Legislation
Arkansas recently passed a law preventing state and local governments from requiring proof of vaccination to access their services. The law also prohibits requiring proof of COVID vaccination as a condition of employment in state or local governments. However, it leaves an exception for state-owned healthcare facilities. An earlier version of the bill passed by the state senate prohibited private entities from requiring proof of vaccination. However, it was left out of the House version that eventually passed both chambers.
Florida: Vaccine Passport Ban Executive Order and Bill
In early May, Florida passed a law that, among other things, codified an earlier executive order from Governor Ron DeSantis that prohibited businesses and government entities from requiring proof of COVID vaccination for entry. The bill also restricts the emergency powers of the state and local governments – restricting all local emergency declarations to seven-day increments and preventing schools from requiring remote learning except for hurricane emergencies. The new law has received criticism in Florida, especially from the cruise industry.
Georgia: Executive Order on Vaccine Passports
Georgia Governor Brian Kemp issued an executive order that prevents the state agencies from requiring proof of vaccination to access services. The order also prevents state employers from imposing different rules on employees based on vaccination status – unless enforcement is based on an "honor-code system" rather than requiring proof of vaccination. Additionally, the order ensures that no proof of vaccination will be required to enter the state.
Idaho: Executive Order on Vaccine Passports
In April, Idaho Governor Brad Little signed an executive order banning state governmental entities from requiring proof of vaccination to access public services and facilities. The order also prevents state agencies from giving up any individual's COVID vaccine status for use in a vaccine passport program.
Indiana: Vaccine Passport Legislation
Indiana bill HEA 1405 prohibits state or local government agencies from issuing COVID vaccine passports. The ban was included in a sweeping health care and insurance bill covering various health care issues. The new law does not prohibit private businesses from requiring proof of vaccination for entry and allows government agencies to continue collecting immunization records.
Iowa: Legislation Prohibiting State Agencies From Issuing ID Cards To Prove Vaccination
Iowa Governor Kim Reynolds signed a bill into law that prohibits state agencies from issuing ID cards that can be used to prove vaccination. The law could also make businesses and local governments ineligible for grants and government contracts if they require employees or patrons to provide proof of vaccination. Private businesses may still require other COVID screening protocols such as temperature checking, masks, negative tests, etc., so long as they do not require proof of vaccination.
Kansas: Vaccine Passport Legislation
Kansas' recent budget legislation included a section that bans state agencies from requiring vaccine passports, requiring individuals to provide proof of COVID vaccination for any purpose, or requiring proof of vaccination to access public spaces, schools, or other government services.
Montana: Vaccine Passport Executive Order
Montana Governor Greg Gianforte issued an executive order prohibiting the government or private entities from requiring proof of vaccination to access services. The order also prohibits any state resources from being used to help develop a vaccine passport program that would share people's vaccination status with individuals, businesses, or governmental agencies.
South Carolina: Vaccine Passport Executive Order
South Carolina Governor Henry McMaster issued an executive order banning state and local governments from requiring proof of vaccination to receive government services or enter government buildings. The order also prohibits state and local governments from issuing mask mandates.
South Dakota: Vaccine Passport Executive Order
South Dakota Governor Kristi Noem issued an executive order in April that bans vaccine passports. The order prevents state agencies and local governments from issuing mandates that force private businesses or individuals to provide proof of vaccination to do business with the government or receive benefits. Private businesses may require proof of vaccination if they choose, and elder-care facilities may continue to require proof of vaccination as well.
Texas: Vaccine Passport Legislation
Texas recently implemented legislation that prevents state and local governments and businesses from requiring proof of vaccination to access services. Businesses that violate the new law will not be eligible to receive government grants or contract with the government. Businesses that do not comply may also lose their licenses, permits, or other authorizations to do business in Texas.
Utah: Vaccine Passport Legislation
Utah Governor Spencer Cox signed HB 308 in April to prevent the state government and college campuses from using vaccine passports. The law does not prevent private businesses from requiring proof of vaccination to access services or as a condition of employment. However, Utah government entities, state colleges, and public schools may not require people to provide proof that they have received (specifically) the emergency authorized COVID vaccine as a condition of employment or to access buildings and services. This also applies to sporting and extracurricular events, so people attending sporting events at public colleges may not be asked to show proof of vaccination.
Wyoming: Vaccine Passport Executive Order
In early May, Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon issued an executive order preventing state government agencies from requiring proof of vaccination for residents to access state spaces and services. The order also encourages local governments and businesses not to require proof of vaccination to access services but provides no enforcement mechanism.


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Children grades K - 6, enrolled in Before & After School Child Care.
The Canal Fulton Area YMCA's Day Camp offers a mix of fun and educational activities aimed at improving kid's well being. Our program focuses on three areas proven to impact kid's development; friendship, character, and belonging.


Thank you for your interest in becoming a Kitten Foster Care volunteer for the Humane Society of Cowlitz County!
As a foster care volunteer, you open your heart and home to kittens and mother cats in need when they are the most vulnerable and allow our organization to save cats and kittens that we otherwise might not be able to due to the limited resources of our organization. Without our valuable foster homes, many of the cats and kittens would not survive. Foster homes also free up space within the shelter, which means more lives are saved!
Fostering is a messy, rewarding, stinky, adorable, and sometimes heartbreaking job with much to do from socializing young kittens, providing space for mother cats to raise their young, and caring for sick or injured cats as they heal. Foster animals have varying needs, so whether you work full time or spend most of your day at home, we'll ensure that our foster animals are matched to your home and abilities.
Providing a safe, healthy, nurturing environment for kittens that come to the shelter with or without their mothers.
Socializing shy or timid mother cats and/or kittens.
Allowing mother cats to recover in a relaxing and uplifting environment.
Must attend a Kitten Foster Orientation.
Must be a resident of Cowlitz County.
If you are interested in becoming a foster volunteer, you must first attend a Kitten Foster Orientation. Please check our sign-ups for Foster Orientation dates and times. Foster Care Applications are only available to those who attend.


text:
CFP - Special Issue of *Jeunesse* on Laughter
Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures
l.bosc@uwinnipeg.ca
CFP: Special Issue of Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures
Abstracts due July 1, 2020. Final papers due October 1, 2020
Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures invites abstracts in English or French on all matters pertaining to laughter in relation to young people's texts and cultures for a special issue that will be published in Summer 2021.
While the very idea of laughter may appear inappropriate during a pandemic, the high number of internet memes devoted to laughing at it indicates that it has proved to be therapeutic for many. No matter how difficult the times, laughter is something many people do from their earliest days and across their entire lifetimes, and while it may at first glance appear to be merely an innocent expression of amusement, it is actually a far more complex articulation. A laugh can be sudden, ambiguous, unexpected, or even sinister. It can be an involuntary burst of emotion, or it may be strategic, derisive and dismissive. When shared, laughter can foster community and at the same time distinguish between those who belong and those who do not since a laugh out of place can be perceived as a failure to interpret cultural codes. Comedic conventions can shift over time and are in large part culturally determined, but the laugh itself is a remarkably universal form of expression despite its many forms and diverse contexts. At once a ubiquitous nonverbal vocalization expressing joy or mirth (Bryant et. al. 1516) and a "multifaceted social signal" that can surpass social bonding to "also serve as a social rejection cue" (Ethofer 353), laughter has posed a significant challenge to researchers in the sciences, social sciences, and the humanities.1 At the same time, as Bakhtin notes in his introduction to Rabelais and his World, "[l]aughter and its forms represent [...] the least scrutinized sphere of the people's creation" (4). Notwithstanding a large body of research and philosophy on laughter, there is still so much we do not know about it. Its importance is nevertheless underlined by the human tendency to create laughter in response to the world, and to evoke and inspire it across numerous forms and genres as well as in everyday cultural practice. It is doubtless an integral register in entertainment, which, as Richard Dyer points out, "offers the image of 'something better' to escape into, or something we want deeply that our day-to-day lives don't provide. Alternatives, hopes, wishes—these are the stuff of utopia, the sense that things could be better, that something other than what is can be imagined and maybe realized" (20).
There is no doubt that laughter plays an important role in young people's texts and cultures, and one that differs considerably from the role it plays among adults, although appeals to a dual audience mean that both adults and children can enjoy a laugh or two in response to children's media (Butler 40). In picture books, an unruly gross-out toilet-humor aesthetic can provoke riotous laughter in children, whose tastes and limited knowledge invite unique engagements with the bawdy. One could argue that the bawdy tends to draw a different kind of laughter from children than adults, making research on children's laughter an important and necessary supplement to research on humour and comedy in children's literature.2 This focus may be especially important for children in early childhood education, since, as Laura Tallant points out, researchers have tended to privilege the role that humour plays among school-aged children (252). Significantly, laughter can also function as an interactional resource. Understanding how it does so among young people is, however, not well understood, since extant research disproportionately focuses on adults. In his own attempt to redress this gap, Gareth Walker argues that it is as important for children "to figure out how to use laughter [...] in a reflexively accountable way" as it is for adults (20).
The darker side of laughter emerges in young people's texts and cultures as well, notably in the context of bullying where it functions as a means of articulating power and control. Representations of laughter do not always function as "feel good" forms of escapism, but rather, can be triggering for young readers who often find themselves at the receiving end of hostile laughter. Testifying to the psychic effects of malicious laughter, the fear of laughter—called "gelatophobia"—is an object of study in psychiatric research.3 Laughing, or being the one laughed at, can determine social position among children the same way it does among adults. The social function of laughter remains a key site of critical inquiry for researchers who study youth culture, indicating that social-science research is as important as literary or cultural studies research in making sense of laughter as a complex, multivalent, dynamic and powerful expression among young people.4
In an attempt to redress some of the gaps in research on laughter in studies of young people's texts and cultures, we invite articles that offer critical engagements with laughter for a special issue on the topic. Social scientific engagements as well as those using an historical studies, literary studies, theatre studies, media studies, or cultural studies approach are welcome.
Topics may include, but are not limited to, the following:
Laughter and community: inclusion and isolation
Satire/parody in children's media; dual audiences
Bodily, bawdy and carnivalesque humour
Derisive laughter; cruel laughter; mockery; gelatophobia
Laughter as a social reward, social soother, and/or social enforcer
Laughter as expression; laughter and affect
Laughter across cultures
Laughter and sex/gender; sexual orientation; queer texts, identities, and cultures
Sublimation, laughter/tears and awkward laughter
Comedy, Slapstick, Horror: laughter and genre
Catharsis and annihilation
Laughter as interactional resource
Laughter as contagious
Laughter and optimism/pessimism
Clowns and Laughter
Funny Kid Memes and the Adult Gaze
Comics and the "Funnies"
Laughter in story, film, TV, video games, vlogs, and other media designed for or created and/or consumed by young people
Abstracts, written either in English or French, are due July 1, 2020
Short-listed papers will be notified on or around July 15, 2020
Final papers due October 1, 2020
Peer-review: October 2020-January 2021
Revisions: January-April 2021
All articles will be double-blind peer-reviewed and may be written in English or French. They should be approximately 7000 words long.
Lauren Bosc, Managing Editor: l.bosc@uwinnipeg.ca
Further information about submission guidelines is available at: http://jeunessejournal.ca/index.php/yptc/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions
[1] Adrienne Wood and Paula Niedenthal go further to argue that "laughter can function as a social reward that reinforces the behaviour of the recipient as a social soother that conveys nonthreat and affiliation, and as a social enforcer that asserts dominance or superiority" (2).
[2] In a study of uses of scatalogical humour in children's picture books, John McKenzie points out that "the bawdy is part of the underground world of children" (82).
[3] See, for example, Ilona Papousek et al.'s study, which indicates that "the fear of other person's laughter is associated with a functional configuration of the brain that leaves affected people less protected against social signals of anger and aggression" (66).
[4] See Hackley et al.'s study of how laughter functions socially among young people in the UK.
Bakhtin, Mikhail. Rabelais and his World. 1965. Trans. Hélène Iswolsky. Indiana University Press, 1984.
Bryant, Gregory, et al. "The Perception of Spontaneous and Volitional Laughter across 21 Societies." Psychological Science, vol. 29, no. 9, 2018, pp. 1515-25.
Butler, Francelia. "Children's Literature: The Bad Seed." Signposts to Criticism of Children's Literature, edited by Robert Bator, American Library Association, 1983, pp. 37-49.
Dyer, Richard. Only Entertainment. Routledge, 2002.
Ethofer, Thomas, et al. "Are You Laughing at Me? Neural Correlates of Social Intent Attribution to Auditory and Visual Laughter." Hum Brain Mapp, vol. 41, 2020, pp. 353-61.
Hackley, Chris, et al. "Young Adults and 'Binge' Drinking: A Bakhtinian Analysis." Journal of Marketing Management, vol. 29, no. 7-8, 2013, pp. 933-49.
McKenzie. "Bums, Poos and Wees: Carnivalesque Spaces in the Picture Books of Early Childhood. Or, Has Literature Gone to the Dogs?" English Teaching: Practice and Critique, vol. 4, no. 1, 2005, pp. 81-94.
Papousek, Ilona, et al. "The Fear of Other Person's Laughter: Poor Neuronal Protection against Social Signals of Anger and Aggression." Psychiatry Research, vol. 235, 2016, pp. 61-8.
Tallant, Laura. "Framing Young Children's Humour and Practitioner Responses to it Using a Bakhtinian Carnivalesque Lens." International Journal of Early Childhood, vol. 47, no. 2, 2015, pp. 251-66.
Walker, Gareth. "Young Children's Use of Laughter as a Means of Responding to Questions." Journal of Pragmatics, vol. 112, 2017, pp. 20-32.
Wood, Adrienne, and Paula Niedenthal. "Developing a Social Functional Account of Laughter." Personal Psychol Compass, vol. 12, 2018, pp. 1-14.
Last updated May 28, 2020


text:
Since it was founded in 1897, San Diego State University has grown to offer bachelor's degrees in 84 areas, master's degrees in 76 areas and doctorates in 21 areas. SDSU's approximately 31,000 students participate in an academic curriculum distinguished by direct contact with faculty and an increasing international emphasis that prepares them for a global future.
SDSU's annual economic impact to the state of California is $6.5 billion. Of SDSU's 270,000-plus alumni, approximately 60 percent live in San Diego. They comprise more than half the region's engineers, teachers, entrepreneurs and the local workforce for a host of other industries. Learn More About
Research: Since 2000, SDSU faculty and staff have attracted more than $1.5 billion in grants and contracts for research and programs ranging from cardiovascular disease to marine biology.
Visit sdsu.edu/
Are you an expert from this institution? Register to write
Articles Authors
Teens aren't necessarily less social, but the contours of their social lives have changed. pxhere
Teens have less face time with their friends – and are lonelier than ever
Jean Twenge, San Diego State University
In the late 1970s, 52 percent of 12th-graders hung out with their friends almost every day. By 2017, only 28 percent were doing so.
Between 2009 and 2017, rates of major depression among 20- to 21-year-olds more than doubled. Ana Ado/Shutterstock.com
The mental health crisis among America's youth is real – and staggering
Some have called reports overblown, with others going so far as to call it a myth. But the data that continues to emerge tell a different story.
A worker marks timber logs at a concession area in Sarawak, Malaysia. Rainforest logging in Asia feeds much of the world's thirst for timber. AP Photo/Vincent Thian
How to keep conservation policies from backfiring in a globally connected world
Andrew Frederick Johnson, San Diego State University
In a global economy, passing laws to conserve forests, fisheries or other natural resources can simply shift demand for those goods to other countries or regions where they aren't as well protected.
Sleep deprivation among teens spiked after 2012 – just as smartphone use became common. GCapture/Shutterstock.com
Worry over kids' excessive smartphone use is more justified than ever before
Some say the hysteria over screen time echoes parents' worries that their kids were watching too much TV in the 1980s. But new studies show there's nothing overblown about parents' growing concern.
In the 1960s, the Temple established nine residential care facilities for the elderly and six homes for foster children in the Redwood Valley. Peoples Temple / Jonestown Gallery/flickr
Before the tragedy at Jonestown, the people of Peoples Temple had a dream
Rebecca Moore, San Diego State University
Throughout the movement's history, African Americans and whites lived, worked and protested side-by-side. It was one of the few long-term experiments in American interracial communalism.
If screens are kept at an arm's length, measures of well-being tend to improve. SawBear/Shutterstock.com
New findings add twist to screen time limit debate
As their kids get older, should parents should be more – not less – vigilant?
SAT reading scores in 2016 were the lowest they've ever been. Aha-Soft/Shutterstock.com
Why it matters that teens are reading less
In 1980, 60 percent of 12th graders said they read a book, newspaper or magazine every day for pleasure. By 2016, only 16 percent did.
We'll say someone's brainwashed only when we disagree with their beliefs or actions. lolloj/Shutterstock.com
The brainwashing myth
Forty years ago, Rebecca Moore's two sisters helped plan the Jonestown massacre. But she refuses to say they were brainwashed, arguing that it prevents us from truly understanding their behavior.
ccac a o.
What the Nazis driving people from homes taught philosopher Hannah Arendt about the rights of refugees
Kathleen B. Jones, San Diego State University
The 20th-century philosopher Hannah Arendt wrote how refugees, in the absence of legal rights, were forced to live in a state of 'absolute lawlessness.' Her words matter today.
Tyra Hemans, a 19-year-old senior at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, holds signs honoring slain teachers and friends. Zachary Fagenson/Reuters
Why this generation of teens is more likely to care about gun violence
After Columbine, teens weren't taking to the streets to call for more gun regulations. So what's changed?
Although measures of teen and adult happiness dropped during the high unemployment rates of the Great Recession, it didn't rebound when the economy started to improve. ASDF_MEDIA/Shutterstock.com
What might explain the unhappiness epidemic?
Changes in how we're spending our free time is a likely culprit.
Kids shouldn't be expected to self-regulate the amount of time they spend on the device. And parents are finding it tougher and tougher to impose limits. Vitalinka/Shutterstock.com
Does Apple have an obligation to make the iPhone safer for kids?
The problem isn't kids owning smartphones. But when daily use exceeds two hours a day, mental health issues start to crop up.
Protesters in front of a statue of a Spanish missionary in downtown Los Angeles, California. REUTERS/Kevork Djansezian
What the 'California Dream' means to indigenous peoples
Olivia Chilcote, San Diego State University
For the Native people of California, the dream has been more of a nightmare.
pimchawee
With teen mental health deteriorating over five years, there's a likely culprit
According to a new analysis, the number of US teens who felt "useless" and "joyless" grew 33 percent between 2010 and 2015, and there was a 23 percent increase in suicide attempts.
jesadaphorn
Teens are sleeping less – but there's a surprisingly easy fix
The amount of time teens have spent working and participating in extracurricular activities has held steady in recent years. There has, however, been one big change in their lives: smartphones.
A man taking stairs at Washington-Dulles International Airport in 2013. Wikimedia Commons
One step at a time: Simple nudges can increase lifestyle physical activity
Matthew Mclaughlin, University of Newcastle; John Bellettiere, University of California San Diego, and Natasha Bliss, San Diego State University
Dropping old, bad habits is hard, but starting new, good ones may not be so difficult. Or so a recent study suggests. Read how a simple sign at an airport made a difference.
In the past, kids couldn't wait to get their driver's licenses. Now? Not so much. Jenn Huls
Why today's teens aren't in any hurry to grow up
Should parents be worried that many teens are putting off traditional rites of passage like working, driving and dating?
New research is putting the first generation of kids to grow up with the smartphone into sharp relief. Olga Tropinina
Move over millennials, there's a new generation in town. Dubbed 'iGen,' they differ from their predecessors on a range of measures, from mental health to time spent with friends.
Polygamy advocate Brady Williams talks with his five wives during an interview at their home in a polygamous community outside Salt Lake City. AP Photo/Rick Bowmer, File
Explaining polygamy and its history in the Mormon Church
Joanna Brooks, San Diego State University
Joseph Smith, founder of Mormonism, taught that a righteous man could help numerous women and children go to heaven by being 'sealed' in plural marriage. Norms have been revised, but tensions remain.
It was supposed to bring us all together. Rokas Tenys/Shutterstock.com
The iPhone turns 10 – and it's isolated us, not united us
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Find experts from this institution with knowledge in:*
Andrew Frederick Johnson
Visiting Scientist, San Diego State University
Jean Twenge
Professor of Psychology, San Diego State University
Jess Ponting
Director of the Centre for Surf Research, San Diego State University
Joanna Brooks
Professor of English and Comparative Literature, San Diego State University
Kathleen B. Jones
Professor Emerita of Women's Studies, San Diego State University
Ming-Hsiang Tsou
Professor of Geography, San Diego State University
Natasha Bliss
Researcher in Public Health, San Diego State University
Olivia Chilcote
Assistant Professor Department of American Indian Studies, San Diego State University
Rebecca Moore
Emerita Professor of Religious Studies, San Diego State University
Thomas Novotny
Professor of Global Health, San Diego State University


The 2019 International Rules are applicable for the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2019 to be held in Phoenix, Arizona, May 12-17, 2019.
The International Rules for Pre-college Science Research: Guidelines for Science and Engineering Fairs is published annually to support students doing independent research safely. They are the official rules of the Intel ISEF and students competing at a Society-affiliated science fair.
For rules questions, please contact the Intel ISEF Scientific Review Committee at SRC@societyforscience.org.


 Explain About Strings In Java?
Explain about strings in Java?
Strings represent nothing but a string of characters. Java does not have any built in string type. It contains predefined class which can be called enough as a String. Instance of a string is called as a string. Much similar to many object oriented languages a + sign is used.
Give the difference between the println method and sqrt method? Explain the reason behind ending a program with a System.exit (0)?


This won't come as a shock … but the just released documents on the U.S. attorney firings make it clear that Karl Rove was far from straight with the House committee that interviewed him last month.
According to the transcript of the interview, Rove said that his top aide, Scott Jennings, was "freelancing" in trying to get David Iglesias fired in the summer of 2005. Rove told his interviewers that Jennings "had strong feelings about Iglesias" after having done political work in New Mexico.But the documents show that Rove was aware of Jennings's discussions with Allen Weh, the New Mexico GOOP chair, on the subject of firing Igesias. Indeed, when Rove got an email from Weh on the subject, in August 2005, he ordered Jennings to bring up the issue with the White House counsel's office.


I wish I could help, but if I were you I'd take my stuff to a jeweler and ask them, even if it's not jewelry. Maybe there's a kit you can buy like from a jewelry supply store, like a whole saler.... 27/09/2007 · Best Answer: The lack of a hallmark (10k, 14k, 18k etc.) is not indicative of whether your piece is gold or not. In the United States it is against the FTC's regulations for the jeweler to hallmark a piece of jewelry unless it is accompanied by a maker's mark.
6/03/2009 · There are many ways to determine if something is made of gold. If the item in question is something like a gold coin or a gold bar one of the easiest ways to determine this is to weigh it.... 8/09/2016 · Hey guys in this video I will help you find out if you got real gold or not in just a couple minutes.
6/03/2009 · There are many ways to determine if something is made of gold. If the item in question is something like a gold coin or a gold bar one of the easiest ways to determine this is to weigh it.
27/09/2007 · Best Answer: The lack of a hallmark (10k, 14k, 18k etc.) is not indicative of whether your piece is gold or not. In the United States it is against the FTC's regulations for the jeweler to hallmark a piece of jewelry unless it is accompanied by a maker's mark.
8/09/2016 · Hey guys in this video I will help you find out if you got real gold or not in just a couple minutes.
Compare the measured density to that of pure gold (19.3 g/cc) to determine whether the object is made of pure gold. Warning Note that metals may be combined to form alloys.


text:
Raise the Hammer
Ideologies, Metaphors, Tautologies, and Urbanism
By Ryan McGreal
As I prepared my response to Andrew McKillop's essay on Darwinism, I went back and refreshed myself on Karl Popper's philosophy of science, in which he argues that a scientific theory, by definition, must make what he calls "risky predictions" that can be tested and, if the predicted events do not occur, refuted.
As examples of non-scientific theories (he calls them "pre-scientific" or "pseudo-scientific"), Popper discusses astrology, the Marxist theory of history, and Freudian psychoanalysis, among others. These three theories are characterized by irrefutability: no matter what happens, the theory can explain it.
In other words, they're ideologies. I have described ideology in the past as:
a self-contained system of belief that offers an explanation of past social and economic events, makes predictions about future events, and indicates what kinds of behaviour are appropriate for people in a society. In explaining the world and our place in it, an ideology espouses moral, social, and economic systems which are consistent with its assumptions and analyses about the world. As a result, it insists on specific answers to the questions of how people ought to behave, in what people ought to believe, and how the government of the society ought to be conducted.
Ideologies are models or abstractions of reality: they seek to explain the complex, messy, arbitrary hodgepodge of actual events by likening it to something simpler and easier to comprehend.
This is necessary. The stream of perceptions that bombard every human 24 hours a day would be an incomprehensible miasma without some way of filtering important details, recognizing patterns, and making predictions about how one's environment will behave. That's what an abstraction is: an attempt to identify the "important" details in the flux of events and create an overarching model based on those important details, which allows us to ignore other details that the model regards as "trivial".
These models are extended metaphors, patterns of thought that attempt to describe an object or event, often an unfamiliar one, in terms of another object or event, often a more familiar one. (Contrast similes, which do the same thing but use "like" or "as" to make the comparison.)
When an aerotropolis opponent claims Hamilton is "putting all its eggs in one basket" (or, alternately, when an aerotropolis supporter claims Hamilton is not doing this), that's a metaphor, albeit a tired, cliched metaphor. The "eggs" are jobs and economic opportunities, and the "basket" is the industrial development node around the airport.
It's a never-ending shame that metaphors are relegated to grade school poetry criticism (Neil Postman was a tireless and eloquent advocate for raising metaphors to the level of conscious thought): understanding how metaphors can shape our thoughts may be one of the most important tools in understanding why it's so hard for people to see eye to eye (another metaphor - seeing eye to eye, in this case, means understanding each other).
I just read about a fascinating study in an article that attempts to explain why people are so reluctant to do anything about climate change and oil depletion. Researchers filmed two movies that consisted of basketball players passing a ball back and forth. In one movie, a woman walked across the set at one point holding an umbrella; in the other, a gorilla walked across the set.
Participants were divided into four groups. Two groups watched the movie with the woman and two groups watched the movie with the gorilla. For each movie, one group was asked to count the number of passes and the other group was asked to watch for anything interesting.
Among those asked to watch for anything interesting, everyone noticed the woman or gorilla (depending on the movie). Among those asked to count passes, a third of those watching the movie with the woman did not notice her, and half of those watching the movie with the gorilla did not notice it.
That's the power of filtering. To the extent that different people filter reality according to different models, it can be extremely difficult to find common ground (another metaphor). If an ideology has enough traction - and they generally do, since they form the foundation of how we perceive the universe - then mere evidence is not nearly compelling enough to dislodge it.
I first became really conscious of ideologies in university, when I majored in sociology (I later dropped it). Sociology attempts to be a science, but it deals almost exclusively in various ideologies that purport to explain group behaviour.
Symbolic interactionists believe people create meaning and identity through their interactions with others, generating the symbolic structures that give shape to society.
Structural functionalists believe society is like a machine, with individuals performing various interdependent functions that preserve and perpetuate the society as a whole.
Systems theorists believe society is a complex network of interdependent relationships distinguished from its surroundings that maintains its internal cohesion through internal communication. A system that fails to maintain its identity through effective feedback will dissolve.
Conflict theorists believe social change comes from conflicts over interests or resources, and that struggle to resolve the conflict leads to a new synthesis, which in turn provokes more conflicts.
These examples should suffice to demonstrate my point: they are all models of reality that seek to explain big, complex phenomena by abstracting out what their adherents feel are the most important aspects of the phenomena.
Each model is an extended metaphor. A symbolic interactionist might believe, as Shakespeare so eloquently put it, that "All the world's a stage/And all the men and women merely players./They have their exits and their entrances;/And one man in his time plays many parts." A conflict theorist might see two children in a sandbox tugging at a single dump truck. A structural functionalist might envision a great machine with many moving parts that must all act in concert so the machine does not fly apart.
Tautologies
Getting back to Popper, these ideologies all share one vital attribute: any event can be interpreted within the prism of a given ideology (although some events fit better than others). It's impossible to refute, say, symbolic interactionism, because it makes no clear predictions that can be tested.
If Bob, a long-time Stelco worker, is promoted to management and turns into a caricature of a hostile foreman, the symbolic interactionist explains that Bob is just trying to act out the role as he understands it. When Jane, another long-time worker, is also promoted but manages fairly and maintains a good rapport with her employees, the symbolic interactionist explains that Jane obviously has experience with management, so she understands better what the new role requires.
Thus, the theory turns in on itself, referring to its own premises to justify its conclusions. That's a tautology, a theory that is internally consistent but impenetrable from outside challenge.
I picked on sociology because I'm somewhat familiar with the academic field and because, like most "social science" subjects, it's more susceptible to tautological metaphors than other fields, but metaphors play a central role in every field of study.
Is light, to take a single example from science, a wave or a particle? Whatever light actually is, scientists and engineers often find it helpful to regard light as if it were one or the other depending on what they're trying to accomplish.
Economics, like sociology, is a "social science" in that it dresses itself in the cloak (another metaphor) of scientific precision but wallows (now I'm mixing my metaphors) in tautology. When free market ideologues tries to explain away the clear evidence that a well-managed, public health care system delivers better care to more people for less money, they resort to criticism about market distortions, arbitrary rationing mechanisms (as if the ability to pay is not an arbitrary rationing mechanism), and so on.
These issues may offend the ideology that markets allocate resources most efficiently, but they do nothing to undermine the fact that public health care is both cheaper and more effective than private health care. Ideologues who refuse to accept that the ideology may not be an accurate model of reality would rather dismiss as irrelevant the overwhelming empirical evidence than take the painful step of subjecting their mental models to a painstaking overhaul (another metaphor - ideologies are not actually machines that need to be repaired).
Now, I don't believe that the only source of knowledge is empirical science. (In fact, since science itself rests on a number of philosophical premises that cannot themselves be confirmed scientifically, positivism hoists itself on its own petard.)
I happen to think that the sociological models I mentioned above all have some value, not as predictive models but as ways of thinking about a problem that can potentially point the way to a solution. Metaphors often jump from one discipline to another, opening up new avenues of thought and transforming theoretical paradigms.
At the same time, an important measure of a metaphor's value is in its usefulness. In other words, can symbolic interactionism actually help Bob to be a better manager? Metaphors that can make testable predictions tend to be more useful than metaphors that cannot make testable predictions.
I have been giving considerable thought lately to what Raise the Hammer is about. I've heard from a few readers that our views lean to the left. This never ceases to fascinate me: of the four core contributors, two are conservatives, one is a small-l liberal, and only one could be characterized as "left" (I'll let you guess whom).
One thing we have tried to do with RTH is escape the constraints of political ideology. The method we seem to have adopted - without necessarily making a deliberate choice to do this - has been to approach the subjects we cover from the perspective of urbanism.
Our ideology, if you can call it that, is that we believe in cities and in city life. When analyzing an event, a development, or a proposal, we ask: Is this consistent with the conditions that cities need to thrive?
What's the best set of rules for improving the choice and quality of life for all citizens? Keeping different kinds of destinations separate from each other in zones; mixing them together in close proximity throughout the city; or something else?
What's the best street layout for vibrant streets? A five-lane, one-way expressway; a narrow, two-lane street with wide sidewalks; or something else?
One benefit of this is approach is that it does generate testable predictions. Here are a few predictions:
People will drive less if various amenities are within walking distance.
Converting one-way streets to two-way will generate revived business, new investment, and an increase in people on the sidewalk.
Streets will be safer, as measured by crime statistics, on busy sidewalks than on desolate sidewalks.
It's possible that we might be wrong about some of these things. It's a certainty that our own ideologies lurk in the background, blinding us to some things that others, with different ideologies, see clearly.
However, one of our prime inspirations is the legacy of Jane Jacobs, an independent thinker who decided to subject the tautological metaphors of urban planners to observation, and who discovered that most of the urban planning ideology was pure nonsense.
We don't pretend to be in the same league as the late, lamented Jacobs, but we do aspire to her honest, empirical approach and her willingness to let the theories defer to the evidence.
Ryan McGreal, the editor of Raise the Hammer, lives in Hamilton with his family and works as a programmer, writer and consultant. Ryan volunteers with Hamilton Light Rail, a citizen group dedicated to bringing light rail transit to Hamilton. Ryan wrote a city affairs column in Hamilton Magazine, and several of his articles have been published in the Hamilton Spectator. His articles have also been published in The Walrus, HuffPost and Behind the Numbers. He maintains a personal website, has been known to share passing thoughts on Twitter and Facebook, and posts the occasional cat photo on Instagram.
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The Year 2020 Has Been a Wakeup Callby Michael Nabert, published December 31, 2020 in Special Report: COVID-19
(1 comment)
The COVID-19 Marshmallow Experimentby Ryan McGreal, published December 22, 2020 in Special Report: COVID-19
All I Want for Christmas, 2020by Kevin Somers, published December 21, 2020 in Entertainment and Sports
Hamilton Shelters Remarkably COVID-19 Free Thanks to Innovative Testing Programby Jason Allen, published December 21, 2020 in Special Report: COVID-19
Province Rams Through Glass Factory in Stratfordby Doreen Nicoll, published December 21, 2020 in Healing Gaia
We Can Prevent Traffic Deaths if We Make Safety a Real Priorityby Ryan McGreal, published December 08, 2020 in Special Report: Walkable Streets
These Aren't 'Accidents', These Are Resultsby Tom Flood, published December 04, 2020 in Special Report: Walkable Streets
Conservation Conundrumby Paul Weinberg, published December 04, 2020 in Special Report
Defund Police Protest Threatens Fragile Ruling Classby Cameron Kroetsch, published December 03, 2020 in Special Report: Anti-Racism
Measuring the Potential of Biogas to Reduce GHG Emissionsby John Loukidelis and Thomas Cassidy, published November 23, 2020 in Special Report: Climate Change
Ontario Squanders Early Pandemic Sacrificeby Ryan McGreal, published November 18, 2020 in Special Report: COVID-19
A Rundown of the Lunacy That Is Council's Vendetta Against Cameron Kroetschby Martin Zarate, published October 13, 2020 in Special Report: Council Conduct
Councillor Threatens Integrity Commisioner Complaint Against Charity, Private Individualby Ryan McGreal, published October 02, 2020 in Special Report: Council Conduct
City Already Published Unredacted Motion Central to IC Reportby Graham Crawford, published October 02, 2020 in Special Report: Council Conduct
Councillors, Listening to Angry People is Your Jobby David Harvey, published October 02, 2020 in Special Report: Council Conduct
Low Hospitalization Numbers Today Are No Cause for Complacencyby Ryan McGreal, published September 23, 2020 in Special Report: COVID-19
Silence is Acceptance for Colleagues of Bullying Councillorsby Ryan McGreal, published September 14, 2020 in Special Report: Council Conduct
One Resident's View of Safe-Sizing Aberdeen Avenueby Graham Crawford, published September 09, 2020 in Special Report: Walkable Streets
Erin O'Toole's Climate Policy is Insincere and Unseriousby John Loukidelis, published September 08, 2020 in Special Report: Climate Change
Predictions of Chaos and Doom for Herkimer, Charlton Bike Lanesby Ryan McGreal, published September 08, 2020 in Special Report: Walkable Streets
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Q: "Cannot access a disposed object" after minor code modification Using ASP.NET MVC5, EF6 & Ninject as Backend, AngularJS as frontend with token based auth (JWT).
We recently had to enable @ chars in the user names. Base on this answer in the Startup.cs (called by Ninject registration code, see below), we replaced
UserManagerFactory = () => new ApplicationUserManager(new UserStore<IdentityUser>(new SecurityDbContext()));

with
var userManager = new ApplicationUserManager(new UserStore<IdentityUser>(new SecurityDbContext()));
var validator = new UserValidator<IdentityUser>(userManager)
{
    AllowOnlyAlphanumericUserNames = false
};
userManager.UserValidator = validator;
UserManagerFactory = () => userManager;

This allows the registration of user name with @ signs as wished. However, logging into the application (even with "normal" usernames), became buggy: While the first login after start of the server works as usual, any subsequent login creates the following exception:
Cannot access a disposed object.
Object name: 'ApplicationUserManager'.

Detailed error message:

Source Error:
Line 18:         public override async Task FindAsync(string userName, string password)
Line 19:         {
Line 20:             var result = await base.FindAsync(userName, password);
Line 21:             if (result == null)
Line 22:             {

Source File:
xyz\Infrastructure\ApplicationUserManager.cs    Line: 20

Stack Trace:

[ObjectDisposedException: Cannot access a disposed object.Object name: 'ApplicationUserManager'.]   Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.UserManager`1.ThrowIfDisposed() +99   Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.d__15.MoveNext() +128   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) +93   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) +52   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter`1.GetResult() +24   xyz.Infrastructure.d__0.MoveNext() in xzy\Infrastructure\ApplicationUserManager.cs:20   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) +93   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) +52   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter`1.GetResult() +24   xyz.Infrastructure.d__0.MoveNext() in xyz\Infrastructure\ApplicationOAuthProvider.cs:39   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) +93   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) +52   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.GetResult() +21   Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth.d__3a.MoveNext() +862   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) +93   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) +52   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter`1.GetResult() +24   Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth.d__1e.MoveNext() +2335   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) +93   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) +52   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.GetResult() +21   Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth.d__0.MoveNext() +1728   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) +93   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) +52   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter`1.GetResult() +24   Microsoft.Owin.Security.Infrastructure.d__0.MoveNext() +664   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) +93   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) +52   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.GetResult() +21   Microsoft.Owin.Security.Infrastructure.d__0.MoveNext() +937   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) +93   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) +52   System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.GetResult() +21   Microsoft.Owin.Security.Infrastructure.d__0.MoveNext() +937   System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw() +22   Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.Infrastructure.ErrorState.Rethrow() +33   Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.IntegratedPipeline.StageAsyncResult.End(IAsyncResult ar) +150   Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.IntegratedPipeline.IntegratedPipelineContext.EndFinalWork(IAsyncResult ar) +42   System.Web.AsyncEventExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() +415   System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) +155

I guess it has something to do with Ninject, so here's a bit more background: the above changed code is called from the NinjectWebCommon.cs:
kernel.Bind<IUserService>()
    .To<UserService>()
    .WithConstructorArgument("userManager", Startup.UserManagerFactory());

A: Problem: This is an object lifetime error.
Solution: Replace your code with the following.
UserManagerFactory = () =>
{
    var userManager = new ApplicationUserManager(new UserStore<IdentityUser>(new SecurityDbContext()));
    var validator = new UserValidator<IdentityUser>(userManager)
    {
        AllowOnlyAlphanumericUserNames = false
    };
    userManager.UserValidator = validator;

    return userManager;
};

Explanation:

*

*Every time your controller needs an IUserService, Ninject goes ahead and wants to construct a new UserService.

*The UserService(IUserManager userManager) constructor cannot be called without a userManager, so Ninject calls Startup.UserManagerFactory(), as configured.

*In your case, UserManagerFactory is a lambda expression that returns the captured variable userManager. This will always be the same instance.

*The first time, this works as expected. When the request has been processed, Dispose is called on your user manager instance.

*When the next request needs to be processed, the already disposed instance is used again. This will fail.

*The corrected version is also a lambda expression, but this time we create a new instance every time.


text:
Last edited by Dailar
2 edition of Thomas Archer"s Deptford rectory found in the catalog.
Thomas Archer"s Deptford rectory
Paul Jeffery
a reconstruction
by Paul Jeffery
Archer, Thomas, -- 1668-1743.
Reprinted from the Georgian Group Journal, (1993), p. 32-42.
Statement Paul Jeffery.
- Explore John Howard's board "Deptford" on Pinterest. See more ideas about London history, London, Old london pins. The Commission for Building Fifty New Churches (in London and the surroundings) was an organisation set up by Act of Parliament in England in , the New Churches in London and Westminster Act , with the purpose of building fifty new churches for the rapidly growing conurbation of did not achieve its target, but did build a number of churches, which would become known as the.
**The Rectory office is now open from 9 AM-4 PM – There will be no evening hours at this time** Masses have resumed. Mass times: Saturdays, 4 PM, Sundays & 4 PM St. Margaret Church, and Saturdays, 6 PM and Sundays AM at St. John Vianney Church. Archer did a great job of working with me and the insurance company to estimate and get the work done. Archer went above/beyond to match the capping, to provide siding alternatives that fit with the >15 year old siding on the rest of the house, and to fix header beam rot damage. It looks great. Nice job!".
F or more than years, the sounds of hammers on metal, rolling casks and chiming bells rang through Deptford as ships were built at its royal dockyard. The frenetic energy was silenced in the 19th century when the docks closed. Now, the London neighbourhood is a lot more peaceful, its cobbled streets, impressive baroque church, run-down Victorian houses and lively, multicultural market. Find the perfect thomas archer stock photo. Huge collection, amazing choice, + million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. No need to register, buy now!
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Thomas Archer"s Deptford rectory by Paul Jeffery Download PDF EPUB FB2
Deptford / ˈ d ɛ t f ə d / is an area of south-east London, is on the south bank of the River Thames, and within the London Borough of is named after a ford of the River the mid 16th century to the late 19th it was home to Deptford Dockyard, the first of the Royal was a major shipbuilding dock and attracted Peter the Great to come and Country: England.
"The Pearl in the Heart of Deptford" S. Paul's Church, one of the fifty Commissioners' Churches, was designed by Thomas Archer (c), a Commissioner himself, and was constructed between the years when it was consecrated.
The triangular Rectory, also by Archer was demolished c The church was described by Basil Clarke as. St Paul's House, an elegant s building on Deptford High Street with a distinctly continental air, was formerly the rectory for Thomas Archer's baroque church, St Paul's Deptford, further down the High Street.
Ash Sakula championed its reuse and demonstrated how Thomas Archers Deptford rectory book could be remodelled and extended to provide new homes and restaurants while. Archer's reputation was made by his work on three British churches, each displaying an individuality of design and character that show Archer's ability to adapt his style to the job at hand.
The first is the Church of St Philip, Birmingham (), later to become Birmingham Cathedral. The Baroque style church was designed by Thomas Archer in and consecrated in An estate map of recorded the area to the east of the church as the 'best burial ground'.
In the churchyard is the grave of Mydiddee, a Tahitian who came to England with Captain Bligh on HMS Providence and who died in Deptford on 4 September Architect: Thomas Archer Listing: grade A. St Paul's Church, one of the fifty Commissioners' Churches, was designed by Thomas Archer (c), a Commissioner himself, and was constructed between the years when it was consecrated.
The triangular Rectory, also by Archer. St Paul's, Deptford, is one of London's finest Baroque parish churches, cited as "one of the most moving C18 churches in London" in the Buildings of England series.
It was designed by gentleman architect Thomas Archer and built between and in Deptford, which was then a settlement in Kent but is now part of South East London.
It was one of the 50 churches that were to be built by the. Books at Amazon. The Books homepage helps you explore Earth's Biggest Bookstore without ever leaving the comfort of your couch.
Here you'll find current best sellers in books, new releases in books, deals in books, Kindle eBooks, Audible audiobooks, and so much more. Ash Sakula's role was the whole of the public realm including the carriage ramp and the market yard, connections through to the Albany Theatre and the existing market square, and the remodelling of St Paul's House, an elegant s building on Deptford High Street which was formerly the rectory for Thomas Archer's baroque church, St Paul's.
St Paul, Deptford, by Thomas Archer. Inside, the Church is almost square, with similar ends and sides, and is unique in showing the astonishing richness of the decoration which Thomas Archer was capable of, above all the plastered ceiling, with moulded flowers and foliage and repeating floral forms, Corinthian free standing pillars and attached.
St Paul's, Deptford, is one of London's finest Baroque parish churches, cited as "one of the most moving C18 churches in London" in the Buildings of England series. It was designed by gentleman architect Thomas Archer and built between and in Deptford, which was then a suburb in Kent but is now part of South East London.
It was one of the 50 churches that were to be built by the New. The adjoining marshes were also overflowed, and about sheep, with a great number of oxen, cows, &c. were destroyed. Sir Thomas Wyat lay = night and a day at Deptford, with his army, in the year The Royaidock, or King's-yard, has been greatly enlarged and improved since iti original establishment.
The adjoining marshes were also overflowed, and about sheep, with a great number of oxen, cows, &c. were destroyed. Sir Thomas Wyat lay = night and a day at Deptford, with his army, in the year The Royaidock, or King's-yard, has been greatly enlarged and.
View the profiles of people named Thomas Archer. Join Facebook to connect with Thomas Archer and others you may know. Facebook gives people the power to. Deptford-bridge was rebuilt in ; again, inat the sole expence of King Charles I. Antiquities. In Hasted's History of Kent is an engraving of the head of a Janus, found (in this parish) on the road to New Cross, near St.
Thomas's Watering-place. The Deptford pink. The petition to the New Churches Commission by the Vestry of St Nicholas Deptford (q.v.) for a second church at Deptford was accepted inand the new parish of St Paul's was created.
The parish of St Nicholas had grown and by then covered the whole of the former borough of Deptford with a population of c, people. Thomas Archer Books, Thomas Archer Biography, Thomas Archer Quotes, Books by Thomas Archer, Thomas Archer's Biography, Thomas Archer poems, Thomas Archer facts, Read Thomas Archer books Free Online, Read Thomas Archer ebooks Online, Thomas Archer Miss Grantley's Girls And the Stories She Told Them.
Don't Dump of Deptford's Heart (the campaign against Thames Water's plans to use the green beside St Paul's Church as a work site for the Thames Tunnel) have organised for a press photo to be taken on Sunday 5th February at 12 noon on the green.
They would like as many people as possible to be in this picture, so if you support the campaign, please pop over – they hope it will only take Thomas Archer has 64 books on Goodreads with 15 ratings.
Thomas Archer's most popular book is Miss Grantley's Girls, and the Stories She Told Them. 24, articles and books. Periodicals Literature.
Keyword Title Author Topic. including the Church of St Paul in Deptford High Street, by Thomas Archer -- which Pevsner called `one of the most moving eighteenth-century churches of London: large, sombre, and virile'.(2) The High Street itself possesses the scale and animation of a.
Thomas Archer, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. K likes. Thomas Archer is boutique building and design company based in Melbourne. Deptford, in the days that St Paul's was built, was a village outside London, then principally important for a nearby Navy shipyard that built warships.
Now it is an inner city area – the shipyard has long gone and much of the area comprises social housing for lower income groups.Thomas Croxen Archer FRSE FSA FRSSA ( – 19 February ) was a British botanist, and the first Director of the National Museum of Scotland, Deptford, London.
Inhe was living at 46 Gilmore Place, with his wife Mary Eleanor Archer, seven children and two other people.
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The level crossing at Wooden Gate.
A coroner has expressed concern at the worrying increase in railway fatalities in north Northumberland.
Tony Brown, senior coroner for north Northumberland, said he was encouraged that various agencies are taking steps to tackle the problem.
He was speaking at an inquest into the death of Christopher Gribbin who was hit by a train near Warkworth in October 2014.
Mr Brown sought and received assurances from Northumberland's crisis team that the rise in rail suicides was not linked to pressure on mental health services.
He said: "Without any specialist knowledge of the situation, I am aware of wider concerns in mental health hospitals about pressure on spaces.
"I have heard expert opinion that there is no correlation between the perceived increase in rail deaths and a reduction in hospital spaces.
Efforts are being made to address the problem. The Samaritans, supported by Network Rail and the wider rail industry, has launched a We Listen campaign. Posters in railway stations are raising awareness of the issue.
The inquest heard that Mr Gribbin, 40, from Amble, was killed near the Wooden Gate crossing, hours after being visited by the crisis team.
He had a history of mental illness, had expressed suicidal ideations and suffered from anxiety and depression.
His family raised concerns that he was assessed as being suitable for home treatment instead of as a hospital inpatient.


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