As previously published on LinkedIn, Ana Milevskaja addresses the top four often overlooked benefits of API-first commerce.
API-first commerce, a.k.a. "headless commerce" is quickly becoming the talk among many commerce teams. It offers a seamless way to go beyond the traditional webstore to shoppable videos, kiosks, magic mirrors, Alexa, virtual and augmented reality use cases. In fact, there are trailblazing early adopters that use API-first commerce for checkout via Facebook chatbot. A major cruise line offers stylish wearable medallions that serve as a key to a room as well as the form of ID and payment for services on a luxury ship. Most recently, Marriott announced that Alexa will be the butler in select Marriott hotels to elevate customer experience.
1. Any front layer is game: There is a perception in the market that a headless platform requires a content management system (CMS) or a digital experience platform (DXP). This couldn't be further from the truth. Any front-end layer works! In fact, with a headless approach, you can unleash your marketing team and creative agency to deliver next generation customer experience without the limitations imposed by pre-built templates in traditional platforms and content systems. Developers can commerce-enable any touchpoint and device using the open source code and API-first framework.
2. No need to rip and replace: Legacy applications are costly and carry a massive load in the day-to-day running of the businesses. Replacing such applications is a risky and stressful endeavor. The great news is that with a headless platform, businesses can innovate and sunset the old systems without ripping and replacing the legacy infrastructure. For example, a major tax and accounting software provider transitioned multiple business units in various regions to a single platform. They gradually replaced core components in each legacy commerce system with microservices for pricing, cart, etc. Another example is a great post by James Beswick that describes in great detail how it could be done: Don't strangle your monolith when migrating to the cloud — starve it to death.
3. Pace of innovation: Many businesses walk away from new ways to reach customers because their systems make it costly and time-consuming to stage and test a new idea. Testing fast and failing fast, learning quickly and implementing what works is a must for any business that wants to stay on top of their game. API-first approach unleashes marketing professionals to test new touchpoints and devices without a heavy burden on the IT team. For example, if you want to extend experiences across channels through a traditional platform, you need to rebuild the commerce logic in every channel app (mobile, POS, Alexa, call center, etc.). If you have a headless commerce engine, all of the commerce logic is available through the engine API and thus available to any new channel on a consistent basis.
4. Microservices and SaaS: There is a lot of talk about microservices as part of the API-first commerce and how this technology is shaping the back-end of the commerce environment. What is often overlooked is that for businesses using a SaaS platform, the benefit of microservices is reduced to a great degree. It is up to a platform provider to take advantage of microservices architecture and make sure that with frequent releases of new features and services, everything is still working as it should.
Next articleWhy is it so hard to monetize experience?
Ana is a digital transformation leader, serving as Senior Director, Product Marketing and Demand Generation at Elastic Path.


NEW YORK (AP) - Amazon is asking the Federal Aviation Administration permission to use drones as part of its plan to deliver packages to customers in 30 minutes or less.
The news sent shares of the nation's largest e-commerce company up nearly 6 percent on Friday.
The online retailer created a media frenzy in December when it outlined a plan on CBS' "60 Minutes" to deliver packages with self-guided aircrafts that seemed straight out of science fiction.
In a letter to the FAA dated Wednesday, Amazon said it is developing aerial vehicles as part of Amazon Prime Air. The aircraft can travel over 50 miles per hour and carry loads of up to 5 pounds. About 86 percent of Amazon's deliveries are 5 pounds or less, the company said.
"We believe customers will love it, and we are committed to making Prime Air available to customers worldwide as soon as we are permitted to do so," Amazon said in the letter.
The FAA allows hobbyists and model aircraft makers to fly drones, but commercial use is mostly banned. Amazon is asking for an exemption so it can test its drones in the U.S. The Seattle company says its drone testing will only take place over Amazon's private property, away from airports or areas with aviation activity -and not in densely populated areas or near military bases.
So far, two drone models - Boeing and the Insitu Group's ScanEagle, and AeroVironment's Puma - are certified to operate commercially, but only in Alaska. One is being used by BP to survey pipelines, and the other is supporting emergency response crews for oil spill monitoring and wildlife surveillance, according to the FAA.
The FAA did not respond to a request for comment.
Amazon's stock rose $18.28, or 5.6 percent, to close at $346.20 on Friday. The stock is down about 18 percent since the beginning of the year.


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What is L-1 visa? What is blanket L petition? Can my company file blanket L petition? What are the advantages of filing blanket L petition?
By Jenny ZhanOctober 18, 2019December 2nd, 2020L-1 Visa
An L-1 visa is a great option when a foreign company wants to transfer an employee working for abroad to a U.S. office. These are the four main requirements to obtain L-1 visa:
The U.S. employer must have a qualifying relationship with a foreign company
The company must be/ or will be doing business (in case the L-1 visa is for a new office) in the U.S. and at least one foreign country for the duration of employee's stay in the U.S.
The employee being transferred must have been working for the foreign company for one continuous year out of the preceding three years
The employee will be working as a manager, executive, or specialized worker at the U.S. company
What is blanket L petition?
Certain large international companies that are engaged in commercial trade or services may file blanket L petition with USCIS. The main advantage of filing blanket L petition is that once this petition is approved, the U.S. Company may transfer eligible employees to U.S. quickly and without filing individual L petitions with USCIS. This means, that the U.S. Company does not have to file an individual petition for every employee it wants to transfer to the U.S., but once the blanket L petition is approved, the employees will apply for L-1 visa at the Consulate abroad.
What companies can file blanket L petition?
In addition to the requirements listed above, a U.S. employer must meet the following requirements to be able to file blanket L petition:
The U.S. employer must have an office and has been doing business in the U.S. for at least one year or longer
The U.S. employer and each of the qualifying organizations listed in the blanket L petition are engaged in commercial trade or services
The U.S. employer has 3 or more domestic or foreign branches, subsidiaries, or affiliates
The U.S. employer must meet one of the following requirements:
The U.S. employer has obtained at least ten L-1 approval for managers, executives, or specialized knowledge professionals within the previous 12 months, or
The U.S. employer has U.S. subsidiaries or affiliates with combined annual sales of at least $25 million, or
The U.S. employer has a U.S. workforce of at least 1,000 employees.
USCIS will only decide whether the employer meets the requirements for blanket L petition and whether the qualifying relationship exists.
Our blanket L petitions was approved. What employees can we transfer to the U.S.?
Because the employees that are going to be transferred to U.S. were not listed in the blanket L petition, the Consular officer will examine at the time of the interview whether the employee meets the L employee requirements.
Only managers, executives and specialized knowledge professionals may apply for L visa under an approved blanket L petition. In addition, the employee must have been employed for a qualifying organization as a manager, executive, or specialized knowledge professional for at least 1 continuous year in the previous 3 years.
Our blanket L petition was approved. How long is the blanket L petition valid? Can we apply for an extension?
If your blanket L petition was approved by USCIS, you will receive an Approval Notice with the validity dates. The initial blanket L petition is usually valid for three years and the U.S. employer can then file for an indefinite extension. It is very important to request an indefinite validity for the extension as if the indefinite validity is not requested (or if the indefinite validity is denied), the U.S. employer will then have to file individual L petitions for employees and it may file a new blanket petition only after 3 years.
The interview at the U.S. Consulate
The approval of a blanket L petition does not guarantee that employee's L-1 visa will be granted and the Consular officer will adjudicate whether the employee meets the L-1 visa requirements. The employee will have to bring three copies of Form I-129S (the U.S. Employer will have to fill this in and send it to the employee), blanket L petition Approval, and documents showing that the he/she has been working for the foreign company for one continuous year out of the preceding three years and that he/she is coming to the U.S. to work as a manager, executive, or specialized knowledge professional. You should always check the website of the relevant Consulate to see what additional documents you should bring to the interview.
ImmigrationL-1 Visa
What does the extension of Presidential Proclamation 10052 mean for my L-1 application?
What is the process to apply for an L-1 visa on the basis of an approved blanket petition?
Jenny ZhanJanuary 2, 2021
If I am in the U.S. should I apply for an L-1 through a change of status, or should I go to a Consulate?
Jenny ZhanDecember 23, 2020
Get Your Free L-1 Visa Guide
We are happy to offer our L-1 visa guide that describes the L-1 visa requirements, and other advise to assist with your L-1 visa application. We would be happy to set up a consultation at your convenience so that we can guide you through the L-1 Visa process. You can access our L-1 visa Service Page with several L-1 visa videos and articles by clicking here.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Our raw organic walnuts are grown right here in the USA and contain high amounts of protein, vitamins and trace minerals to name a few of the health benefits. Our walnuts are shelled and air dried with only the best large halves being selected for your dining pleasure.
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Sports Digest: Annual Yoshaany Community…
Sports Digest: Annual Yoshaany Community Run/Walk to be held Oct. 22
By Jamie Connerton |
October 19, 2022 at 10:31 a.m.
Kids – or grown ups – looking for heroes could find none better than Yoshaany Rahm. This former Ukiah High School Cross-Country and Track & Field runner, who died in 2008 in an accident following a seizure, lived with the honor and enthusiasm we all can aspire to.
This Saturday morning, Oct. 22, Ukiah High's cross-country team is holding our annual Yoshaany Community Run/Walk and Kids Fun Run in his memory, to benefit the sports he loved and lived for.
At 9:30 a.m., runners 6th grade and under will chase Willy the Wildcat on a flat part of the UHS cross-country course for 1,200 meters (3/4 mile). No athlete too young to run. At 10, all runners/walkers are invited to tour the beautiful hilly/flat Ukiah 3 mile course.
All kids will win Finisher ribbons, top 3 girls & boys will win awards. For the 3-miler, top 10 female and male finishers will be awarded. The real reward is being there, taking part, feeling the good energy, whether participating or watching.
Following the Community Run, at 11, the Ukiah High Varsity and JV girls and boys teams will compete in invitational races with up to a dozen schools from Arcata to Sonoma County. These well-trained athletes offer spectators exciting competition on the challenging course which will be the site of the North Bay League Redwood Division Championships on November 5. The undefeated-in-league UHS Boys team – 20-plus runners strong – will be among the favorites in the Yoshaany Invitational. The Wildcat Girls team, fewer in number but strong-willed, will challenge visitors on their hilly home course.
Registration on race day begins at 8:30 a.m, near the starting line behind the school, between the gym, soccer field, and track. $20 for adults, $5 students, $2 kids fun run. All proceeds support our teams.
Yoshaany Rahm's mother Jean Hooker will, as always, fire the starting gun for the Community Run/
Walk. His older brother and team-mate Yoshi, and numerous other runners and coaches from their era of UHS championship teams, will be on hand, running or spectating.
Ukiah High Cross-Country and Track & Field Coach Chad Raugewitz and his wife and perennial assistant Brenna, have organized this event again, as they have throughout the years. For further info, contact Chad at (707) 472-5853, 391-4920, or 205-5342. Email craugewitz@uusd.net; braugewitz@uusd.net.
For those who will be running, walking, or watching these races for the first time, we welcome you to a community gathering on the most watchable X-C course anywhere, finishing on the beautiful UHS all-weather track. It's an event of inspirational, good-spirited friendship.
Jamie Connerton


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London All Destinations
Book online or call: (888) 651-9785(888) 651-9785
Cotswolds Villages and Blenheim Palace Day Trip From London Plus Country Pub Lunch
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You can select up to 9 travelers in total.
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Get a taste of the Cotswolds on a day trip from London, and discover the region's famous honey-colored villages amid rolling green hills. Through a mix of walking tours and free time, you'll get to know the market towns and villages of Burford, Bibury, Bourton-on-the-Water, and Stow-on-the-Wold. Savor lunch at one of England's oldest inns, then spend the afternoon at nearby Blenheim Palace — birthplace of Sir William Churchill. Numbers are limited to 16 for a small-group experience.
Day trip to the Cotswolds and Blenheim Palace from London
Visit centuries-old churches in Burford and Coln St. Dennis
Admire the picturesque stone cottages of Arlington Row in Bibury
Eat lunch in one of the country's oldest inns with your guide
Explore Blenheim Palace and learn about Sir Winston Churchill
Enjoy a small-group experience with just 16 people per group
Rise early for a 7:30am pickup form Marble Arch in London. Soon, the gray urban streets of the capital will give way to the green of the countryside, and you'll start to see the serene villages of the Cotswolds.
Stretch your legs on a walk through the market town of Burford, and call in at the 900-year-old Church of St. John the Baptist where wool-sack tombs and other historic relics are on display. After a little free time, you'll continue to Bibury, a dwelling that earned itself "the prettiest village in England" moniker.
Stroll alongside its 17th-century Arlington Row cottages, and admire the fish-filled streams and the village green. Back aboard your transport, you'll venture higher into the Coln Valley and along the Roman Fosse Way.
Call in at the ancient church at Coln St. Dennis, then pass through Bourton-on-the-Water, the so-called little Venice of the Cotswolds. Gaze over the stone bridges as you meander through the hills to the Cotswold's highest town: Stow-on-the-Wold. Enjoy free time here to explore the market square, then relax over lunch at one of England's oldest inns.
In the afternoon, you'll travel to Woodstock for a visit to Blenheim Palace. The birthplace of Churchill, the palace also made its name in more recent years as a filming site from Downton Abbey. Learn about the building's history and elaborate gardens, and visit the dining hall, library, and even the room where Churchill was born.
Your day trip ends with a drop-off at London's Victoria train station in the early evening.
The answers provided below are based on answers previously given by the tour provider to customers' questions.
I am a vegetarian / I have allergies / I am gluten or lacto free.
Just let us know any dietary requirements in the 'Special Requirements' box in the Traveler Details section during checkout. Or you can let us know after booking by visiting 'Manage my Booking' and emailing us there.
Reviews by Viator travelers
Not bad but could be better
Grant P
At nearly $200 USD per person, this was not a cheap day out. Our tour guide met us on time at the Hard Rock Hotel but the minibus was 20 mins late. Once underway, we drove to Oxford without too much fuss to pick up another two passengers then into the Cotswolds with 10 people plus the driver and guide. Our first stop was in a small valley where the Swan Inn is located. The sun was out and the small street with the inn and some thatched roof cottages were really beautiful. We had 15 mins here. We then drove to Bibury on some single track roads but unfortunately we seemed to be 5 mins too late as just ahead of us were two coach loads of Asian tourists who swarmed up the little road and took over the area. We only drove through Burton on the Water to our lunch spot in Burford. Burton on the Water was a busy place with lots of people picnic'ing along the banks of the stream and seemed to have countless eateries. Although Burford was quite a nice place, Burton would have been a much better place to spend the lunch break. The included pub lunch was apparently at a new hotel and was a cheap & nasty grilled chicken dish with a softdrink. Viator indicated it was a two course lunch but there was only one and it was very forgettable. The driver & guide headed into the main street of Burford for lunch and had something far nicer! We would recommend less time in Burford and at Blenheim Palace and make Burton on the Water the lunch stop and allow time for people to do their own thing. This would make the day much more memorable. Blenhein Palace was quite nice but far too much time was allowed here. We ended up sitting under a tree watching a local cricket match for a while to fill in time. Overall it was a nice way to see part of the Cotswold area but we think the comments made above would suit most people and make it more special.
... MoreLess
Great little tour! Seeing all of the...
Jake S
Great little tour! Seeing all of the Little Cotswolds villages was amazing. Going to the oldest pub in England was a special treat. Then to see Blenheim Palace was incredible. The history is amazing. But the size of the palace is remarkable. Defiantly worth a trip!
This was a wonderful tour. Andrew...
bonniehacker
This was a wonderful tour. Andrew was a great guide. It was worth the extra money to be in a small group. The lunch was good and the restaurant was lovely. It was an organized and well run tour and I would highly recommend it.
Excellent tour! He was willing to...
thosehelevas
Excellent tour! He was willing to customize any way we wanted....very knowledgeable and engaging. Cotswolds were fabulous. Lunch was very good. Could've done without Blenheim...boring unless you're a history buff.
Product code: 5528P48
LondonDay TripsCategory


20 W. Ferguson, Attorney General, and Assistant Attorneys General Daniel T. Davies, Jeffrey G.
12 January 2011 – November 2015, and Comcast continues to collect more every month.
19 sample of SPP enrollments reviewed by the State.
22 a recurring monthly charge – i.e., a negative option – when added to the customer account.
3 1.5 Deception formed the core of Comcast's Service Protection Plan sales pitch.
11 sales scripts Comcast representatives used in marketing the SPP to consumers.
21 them up for the SPP.
23 customer-owned equipment, it does not cover any actual repairs relating to customer equipment.
The SPP does not cover installations or reconfigurations. However. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. these issues are already covered for free by Comcast's 2 Customer Guarantee promises.86 . Seattle.4 (206) 464-7745 .1 outside a customer's house. The 3 result was that the SPP provided "coverage" for services that Comcast already agreed to do for 4 free: 5 6 /// 7 8 /// 9 10 /// 11 12 /// 13 14 /// 15 16 /// 17 18 /// 19 20 /// 21 22 /// 23 24 /// 25 26 /// SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue.
1 2 Covered by Comcast 3 Guarantee at no cost to 4 customer for Comcast 5 provided equipment and 6 cables 7 8 9 10 11 12 Television Cable Box In-wall wiring 13 not covered by 14 the SPP 15 Telephone 16 Router/Modem Cable Box Television 17 18 19 20 The "inside wiring" 21 covered by the SPP 22 covers wire that is 23 within 12 inches of the 24 outside of the 25 customer's house 26 SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19.5 (206) 464-7745 .86 . Seattle. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT.
Comcast's Customer Guarantee promises: "We won't 4 charge you for a service visit that results from a Comcast equipment or network problem. Comcast cable cards. Seattle. Comcast charged thousands of Washington customers 7 for service calls that resulted from a Comcast equipment or network problem. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT.86 . For instance. Service Call CPA Violations 2 1. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. In addition. including issues 8 with Comcast HDMI and component cables. which fix Comcast signal problems.10 Internal Comcast documents make clear that Comcast has known for years that it 15 was improperly billing its customers for service calls. SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. 6 1. yet Comcast still has yet to cease its unfair and 22 deceptive conduct.11 Year after year.8 Comcast deceives consumers through the Customer Guarantee it makes to all 1.9 Contrary to this promise." (Emphasis added). 10 Comcast provided its technicians with a service call fix code that expressly allowed them "to 11 add service charges to a normally not charged fix code. 20 1. Comcast work groups highlighted the fact that Comcast engaged 21 in improper service call billing practices. 14 1. until approximately June 2015. Impacting the customer experience. Another internal Comcast document 18 noted that an astounding 49% of customers would call Comcast's billing department within 30 19 days of a service charge to complain. and 26 call in and credit and revenue. Comcast even 12 charges Washington customers for service calls that technicians specifically designate as non- 13 chargeable for their primary task if customer education is also provided during the visit. in March 2015. Comcast used internal estimates 16 that it would have to credit and remove 30% of its service call charges because so many of its 17 customers would call in to complain about those charges.1 B. Indeed.17 3 million-plus Washington customers.6 (206) 464-7745 ." 5 Comcast discloses no limitations on this guarantee. Comcast began a "Trouble Call Charges 23 Initiative" that identified the problem as follows: 24 Problem Statement: 25 • Customer are being charged for trouble calls when they should not be or are unaware of potential charges. and the installation of drop 9 amplifiers.
" Comcast identified continued problems.) 26 SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue." Additionally. In a 4 February 23. 2016 "Trouble Call Assessment.12 The 2015 "Trouble Call Charges Initiative" and earlier Comcast initiatives and 3 work groups did not solve the problem." 17 1. and the pattern of deception continued at Comcast. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. "The more customers are driven to SPP the 14 less Care/Tech Ops will have to worry about educating the customer on charges. agents in the repair centers educating there would be no charge. 5 including: 6 After a customer invests time and energy and is unsuccessful troubleshooting service and is still experiencing service not working 7 properly. 24 25 (emphasis added. 15 Comcast would "[i]ncrease recurring revenue with SPP push" and "[d]ecrease credit 16 adjustments. Due to the current trouble call process many of these customers are 8 unexpectedly seeing a charge on their account when they were not at fault for the service disruption. 21 Challenges involve no documentation that the customer was advised. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. An October 31.14 Similarly. the customer is then required to schedule a trouble call truck roll. (Emphasis added).7 (206) 464-7745 . The $70 change that went through last year continues to significantly impact our CPC.86 . Working to get 23 agents to sign up the customers for SPP before crediting.1 (Emphasis added). Seattle. These customers then need to call back 9 (often multiple times) to get the charge adjusted.) 11 1. and field techs saying there 22 would be no charge. Actions: Have worked with the centers to reinforce that they are valid charges because the customer does not have SPP.13 Comcast did have one "solution" for its pattern of deceptively billing its 12 customers – encourage its customers to purchase the SPP. the 2015 Trouble Call Charges Initiative by Comcast recommended 18 that employees use the removal of Comcast's improper service call charge as a bargaining chip 19 to cause the customer to enroll in the SPP: 20 Trouble call credits: Continue to be a high driver of credits into the center. 2 1. 2013 Comcast 13 document on the Trouble Call Charges explained." 10 (emphasis added.
RCW 19. 17 2.86. LLC is a subsidiary of Comcast 23 Corporation that operates in Washington.140.4 Authority of the Attorney General to commence this action is conferred by RCW 19 19. Comcast 22 3. revealing that they improperly ran credit checks on 8 customers who paid a deposit to avoid the credit check.2 The violations alleged in this Complaint have been made and are being committed 16 in whole or in part in King County.15 Comcast also improperly obtained a deposit from over 6. New Comcast customers must undergo a credit screening 4 prior to obtaining services unless they pay Comcast a deposit to avoid the screening. by Defendants named herein. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19.286 Washington consumers a day or more after they paid a deposit to avoid the running 11 of a credit check. and/or improperly collected deposits 9 from customers who were not required to pay a deposit. 15 2.3 The violations alleged in this Complaint are injurious to the public interest. However. Comcast obtained a deposit from thousands of Washington 7 customers with high credit scores. Comcast 5 also requires customers to pay a deposit if the credit screening process reveals the customer has 6 a low credit score.86. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. JURISDICTION AND VENUE 13 2. Credit Check CPA Violations 2 1.1 Defendant Comcast Cable Communications. FACTS 21 A. 25 26 SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. It is a Delaware limited liability company with its 24 principal place of business located in Philadelphia.86 . Pennsylvania.8 (206) 464-7745 .080 and RCW 19. Washington.1 This Complaint is filed and these proceedings are instituted under the provisions 14 of the Unfair Business Practices – Consumer Protection Act. 18 2.1 C. 20 III. Comcast also ran credit checks on at 10 least 3.86.000 Washington 3 consumers in violation of the CPA. 12 II. Seattle.
or to refer the 25 customer to Comcast's website while the call is occurring and the customer is considering 26 whether to enroll in the SPP. mail.4 billion in revenue. 14 B. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. and had total assets of approximately $180 billion in fiscal year 2016.4 Comcast Corporation is the largest cable television and home internet service 9 provider in the United States and one of the largest home telephone service providers.1 3. Comcast does not instruct its employees 24 to send the customer any information about the SPP via email. 8 3.2 Defendant Comcast Cable Communications Management. LLC is a subsidiary of Comcast Cable Communications. Comcast has 13 over 1. 4 3. It is a Delaware limited 3 liability company with its principal place of business located in Philadelphia. It is a Colorado limited liability company with its principal 7 place of business located in Philadelphia. Seattle. and Comcast's 19 "inbound repair" personnel make the majority of those inbound SPP telephone sales as part of 20 an internal upsell. 6 LLC that operates in Washington. and via its online description of the service. during technical support and service calls.17 million customers in Washington.3 Defendant Comcast of Colorado/Florida/Michigan/New 5 Mexico/Pennsylvania/Washington. It serves 10 residential and commercial customers in forty states and the District of Columbia. Pennsylvania. LLC that operates in Washington. the only information that Comcast instructs its employees SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. 23 3. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. Comcast 11 Corporation earned approximately $80. It promotes the SPP to Washington customers when they first sign up for Comcast 17 services. had a net income of approximately 12 $8. Most SPP Sales Occur on Inbound Telephone Calls 15 3. text message.7 billion. Less than 1% of SPP sales occur when a technician visits a customer's house. 18 3.5 Comcast advertised its Service Protection Plan as a method of avoiding all service 16 call charges. LLC is a subsidiary of 2 Comcast Cable Communications. Pennsylvania.86 . Less than 3% of SPP sales occur via a chat session. but can sign up for the SPP via a chat 22 session.7 When selling the SPP over the telephone.9 (206) 464-7745 .6 Over 75% of its SPP sales occur on inbound telephone calls. Rather. 21 A Comcast customer cannot enroll in the SPP online.
at least 25 50. As the 20 customers were not told of the SPP on these telephone calls with Comcast. Mexico. Seattle. Texas. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. 5 Washington customers can subscribe over the phone or through an oral request made to an on- 6 site technician.1 to present to its Washington customers about the SPP on the telephone call is the Comcast 2 employee's oral representations regarding the SPP. which means that the SPP was added 24 to 76 of the 150 customer accounts without the customers' consent. 3 3. This 26 random sample of 150 call recordings can be extended to the greater. In other words. 13 C. 17 3.8 Comcast does not require Washington customers to sign any agreement or 4 confirm they have read the SPP Terms and Conditions before they subscribe to the SPP. similarly situated SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. Minnesota.11 In call recordings associated with a random sample of 150 customers that 18 Comcast produced as representative of its SPP "sales" practices. the 10 Philippines. Colorado. Comcast paid its inbound repair and billing telephone 11 representatives $3 to $5 per SPP sale. Instead.67% of the SPP sales call recordings were for accounts where no SPP "sale" occurred. Two additional customers from the sample declined 23 the SPP offer and were then enrolled without their consent. and Guyana. 8 3. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. while Comcast's inbound sales representatives received 12 less. Comcast representatives made 19 no reference to the SPP when Comcast added it to 74 of the customers' accounts.10 (206) 464-7745 . the customer did not 21 consent to the SPP being added to their account nor did the customer even have knowledge that 22 the SPP was being added to their account. Comcast 16 deceptively added the SPP to many of its Washington customers' accounts. Comcast does not train or require its representatives to email or mail a copy of 7 the SPP Terms and Conditions to Washington consumers at or near the time of their enrollment. 15 without obtaining the customer's permission and without the customer's knowledge. Comcast Enrolls Customers in the SPP without their Knowledge or Consent 14 3.86 . Rather.10 Many of the supposed "sales" of the SPP by Comcast never occurred.9 Comcast telephone representatives that sold the SPP to Washington residents are 9 located throughout the world in call centers in Washington.
86 ...33% of its customers: 19 Customer ID Date 20 21 1 #. Comcast continued to engage in 12 deception by failing to disclose to numerous consumers the monthly recurring charges SPP 13 subscribers must pay....99 per month 9 in 2011 to $5. or how the charge could be removed.. 4 but it appeared on his bill since 2008. the State has reviewed the SPP sales call recordings 17 associated with 150 customer accounts.15 (206) 464-7745 .1462 3/10/2016 22 2 #.5973 3/10/2016 24 4 #.... Comcast Deceptively Failed to Disclose that Enrollment in the SPP Results in Recurring Charges 7 8 3.. Seattle.... minimum 14 subscription term requirements.8117 2/29/2016 23 3 #. For 3 instance..99 per month currently.15 When Comcast actually mentioned the SPP on a telephone sales call with a 11 customer before adding the SPP to the customer's account...... Comcast often told 15 its customers that the SPP was being added for "free" to their account...1 the accounts. 10 3. Comcast deceptively failed to disclose that the SPP was 18 a recurring monthly charge to 19.. Comcast investigated and determined that the customer 5 "never authorized service protection plan" and refunded him the amount he paid for the SPP... The deceptive SPP "sales" where the SPP was added to a Washington customer's 2 account without the customer's permission or knowledge have been occurring for years....9491 3/10/2016 26 SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue.... one customer complained to Comcast and the FCC that he never purchased the SPP.16 As mentioned above... 16 3...14 The SPP is a recurring monthly charge that has increased from $1.9019 3/10/2016 25 5 #. when the charge would occur.. Rather........ WA 98104-3188 RCW 19... Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT......... the amount of the charge... 6 D..
6 Comcast deceived many of its Washington customers by failing to disclose to numerous 7 consumers the monthly recurring charges SPP subscribers must pay.. or how the charge could 9 be removed. minimum subscription term requirements..e. 25 3.. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19.)" 22 3. pursuant to 17 the Plan's terms.1 28 #.. Seattle. the amount of the charge.19 Although the SPP Terms and Conditions broadly defines "inside wiring" and 19 claims the SPP covers "all inside-wiring related service calls.." 18 3.17 This sample of SPP sales calls is representative of Comcast's SPP sales practices..17 (206) 464-7745 .. Comcast's SPP Terms and Conditions initially defines "inside wiring" 13 as "wiring within the point just on your side of the terminating equipment or box located at or 14 about twelve (12) inches outside of your unit or residence and extending to the individual phone 15 jacks and cable and internet outlets and extensions in your home.... 8 when the charge would occur.... 10 E.86 .1589 4/22/2016 2 29 #. wire that is wall fished..21 The SPP Terms and Conditions also contains the following limitation: "The Plan 26 does not cover repair to customer premise equipment (i. SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue.... DVD player..8116 4/23/2016 3 4 5 3.e. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. TV.18 Comcast tells customers that the SPP covers repairs to the cable and telephone 12 wiring inside their home. The SPP Terms and Conditions provides 23 that the SPP does not cover service calls involving installations and outlet and phone jack 24 reconfigurations.20 The SPP contains additional limitations.." The Terms and Conditions 16 also states: "The Plan is optional and covers all inside-wiring related service calls. The Extremely Limited Coverage Provided by the SPP 11 3... for as long as the customer subscribes to the Plan. surround sound." Comcast buries a significant 20 limitation on coverage deep within its last paragraph: "The Plan does not cover the repair of wire 21 concealed within a wall (i..
Seattle.22 Even if a customer does not have the SPP. remote controls. installations. 14 3.1 faxes. and in many houses. Comcast does not charge customers 5 for many of its service calls. wireless 10 gateway/routers. all of the remaining wiring is 19 wall fished. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. The short coaxial cable running from a customer's outlet to the cable box is 17 typically Comcast Equipment that is covered by the Comcast Guarantee rather than the SPP." 7 The "Comcast equipment" covered by the Customer Guarantee is identified in the Comcast 8 Agreement for Residential Services and includes a variety of items. Comcast promises customers in its Customer Guarantee: "[W]e 6 won't charge you for a service visit that results from a Comcast equipment or network problem. routers. 22 3. CableCARDs. cable modems. voice-capable modems." 4 3. external devices.18 (206) 464-7745 . telephones. excluding equipment purchased by you 12 from Comcast and Customer Equipment." The Comcast Guarantee also covers outside wiring as 13 that is part of Comcast's network. converters. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. Due to limitations in the SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue.24 The coverage provided to those SPP customers that reside in apartments and 23 condominiums (MDUs) is even less than those living in a house.). digital adapters. including "any equipment 9 provided by Comcast such as gateways. customers subscribing to 2 the Plan will not pay for a service visit even if the Comcast technician discovers that the trouble 3 is within the customer's equipment. scanners. and any other 11 equipment provided or leased to you by us or our agents. the SPP does 21 not cover repairs to customer equipment.23 Due to limitations in the SPP Terms and Conditions and the free service calls and 15 repair work provided by the Comcast Guarantee.86 . The MDU dweller is not responsible for the 12 26 inches of wiring outside the building that the SPP covers for a house. the SPP often ends up failing to cover any 16 repairs at all. The SPP also does not cover repairs to Comcast equipment or outside wiring because 20 Comcast's Customer Guarantee already covers these repairs. however. etc. printers. MDUs are typically covered 24 by bulk agreements between Comcast and landlords that make all wiring the responsibility of 25 Comcast or the landlord rather than the tenant. or reconfigurations. as 18 are the HDMI cables provided by Comcast. And as noted above.
28 In the SPP sales call recordings reviewed by the State.25 Comcast's "Service Protection Plan – Policy (National) Published 4/8/08 – 4 4/9/13" provided that "This plan is not available to Comcast customers living in an MDU. Comcast sold the SPP to many Washingtonians that lived in MDUs. 24 3. However." 6 Nonetheless. sales scripts. 12 F.19 (206) 464-7745 . SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. 7 3. Through mid-June 2016. This type of deception occurred on SPP sales both where 21 Comcast did and did not tell the customer that the SPP had a recurring monthly charge. Comcast Deceptively Claimed the Service Protection Plan Provides Comprehensive Coverage 13 14 3.27 Comcast deceptively made broad claims regarding the SPP's scope in its online 15 advertisements.1 Terms and Conditions. Comcast directed its sales representatives 25 to make the following claims when promoting the SPP to consumers: 26 [S]ubscribing to [the SPP] will cover service call charges that require repairs to cable TV. Seattle.29 Sales Scripts. you are not eligible for the Service Protection 10 Plan. 11 Comcast continues to bill at least some MDU residents for the SPP. With these broad 16 claims. and installation limitations. Comcast's website SPP terms and conditions has provided that 8 those living in a MDU are not eligible for the SPP: "If you live in a multiple dwelling unit 9 (MDU). Comcast deceptively failed to disclose the SPP's concealed wiring. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19.86 . the SPP often ends up failing to cover any repairs at all for those residing 2 in a MDU.26 Since late 2016. Comcast consistently did 19 not mention the SPP's material terms.xfinity. conditions. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. 5 Examples of MDU's include condominiums of more than two (2) units or apartment buildings. high speed internet or telephone wiring inside your home. sales scripts. These 22 call recordings are consistent with Comcast's deceptive advertising. and training 23 material. 18 3." https://www. and chat sessions with customers. SPP sales. 3 3. customer-equipment 17 repair. and limitations to the 76 sample customers 20 who were informed of the SPP.com/support/account/service-protection-plan/#dtc. such as an apartment or condominium.
WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. . It covers in-home visits for the diagnosis of video/data 24 reception problems and the repair of in-home wiring. Comcast representatives made similar promises to 22 consumers in emails and chat sessions: 23 Just one more thing.1 . Nor did Comcast's training manuals instruct its employees to disclose the 12 limitations to Washington consumers. If you have the Service Protection Plan..31 If asked by a customer.32 Email and Chat Transcripts. the back of the computer. you will automatically avail free of charge any wire-related service calls in the 25 future.. 26 SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. 21 3. SPP provides the security of knowing you're covered for all inside wiring needs and for chargeable technical service.. 15 3. . 8 Without the SPP.99/month. .86 . Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT.20 (206) 464-7745 . I would also like to let you know that I have added the Service Protection Plan for $1.. . . 4 The plan provides you with the confidence that should you have a problem with any Comcast service. Seattle." Comcast did not tell representatives to disclose to consumers 19 that in-the-wall wiring is excluded from the "inside wiring" definition. which begins 12 inches outside of 17 the customer's residence and extends to the individual phone jacks. you will be charged a fee for repairs to the wiring located inside your home. 6 Subscribing to the plan will cover service call charges that require repairs to twisted telephone wiring. For a low monthly fee. Comcast directed its representatives to define "inside 16 wiring" as: "wiring that begins at the 'Demarcation Point'. Nor did the sales script include any reference to the items 13 and services that Comcast would repair at no cost to the customer pursuant to its Comcast 14 Guarantee. our Comcast Service Protection Plan (SPP) will cover all 3 chargeable service calls for all 3 lines of business. Comcast is now offering a comprehensive service protection plan. The Comcast Agreement 20 for Residential Services also does not define "Inside Wiring" as excluding concealed wires. eliminating any 2 concerns about being charged additional fees for service calls related to inside wiring.. 9 10 3. we will be able to take care of this for you without additional service 5 fees.. Comcast cable television wiring and/or Comcast cable internet service 7 wiring located inside your home. . For a small monthly fee. R.. 18 and cable outlets and extensions..30 The sales scripts deceptively did not include any reference to limitations on the 11 SPP's coverage. even if a customer did not have the SPP.
thus avoid you from being charged for the service call 5 and any future service calls for as long as you are on the plan. I have applied a 1 time courtesy credit to 21 your account.99 per month this will provide you with a wealth of coverage including any technician service call charges and provide 8 protection for all of the wiring in your home. 7 I can give you our Service Protection Plan. it is an optional comprehensive plan that is offered to all Comcast residential customers which only costs 4 around $4. This covers problem with wiring connections inside your home or with your owned equipment. (transcript provided by a different customer than the above.21 (206) 464-7745 . 12 COMCAST-WALIT-000090462." It further stated the SPP provides: SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. 9 COMCAST-WALIT-000090263 at 264. 13 Would you like to add our Service Protection Plan to your account? It insures all wiring 14 and Comcast equipment in your house and any technician visits will be free. 22 Id.99 per month. which already is Comcast's 17 responsibility: 18 The Fee for outside wirings is valid since there is no Service Protection Plan in your account. 23 3. Without the Service Protection Plan SPP you will incur a service fee when a technician has to make repairs in or outside your residence. This plan will provide you peace of mind by eliminating 11 any problems for being charged on inside wire related problems and customer equipment trouble calls.99 per month.com/t5/Billing/RESOLVED-Misled-About-Service-Protection-Plan- 2 Huge-Service-fees/td-p/861517. 15 COMCAST-WALIT-000090300 16 They also claimed that the SPP covers outside wiring.com/t5/Customer-Service/Service-Call-Charges/td-p/1476159 20 I'm sorry for the frustrations we've caused you. [and] cover[s] all chargeable service calls for your XFINITY services without 26 additional service fees.86 .1 http://forums. Seattle. 10 Would you like to save some money on trouble calls.33 Online Description. For only $4. The plan is at $4. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. Through mid-June 2016. Comcast's website claimed the 24 SPP "eliminate[es] any concerns about being charged additional fees for service calls related to 25 inside wiring. but on the same webpage). 19 http://forums. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. I'd like to recommend to sign up for our Service Protection Plan. 3 I suggest that you also get the SPP (service protection plan).xfinity. There is a fee for technician service since it is considered as special request.xfinity. 6 COMCAST-WALIT-000090260 at 261.
1 • Unlimited covered service calls with no contracts. it did just the opposite." Comcast's website deceptively described the SPP 14 since at least January 2011.. customer-equipment 17 repair. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. 5 • Hassle-free replacement and repair of cable jumpers. 23 3.8616 were specifically told the 20 SPP would cover installations when it does not. Comcast will 10 take care of it without charging a service fee. were 22 deceptively told that the SPP covers customer equipment when it does not.. such as #...... XFINITY Voice. 21 3.. 26 SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue.4287... This is plainly incorrect...... 7 • Service calls due to customer education or customer owned equipment connected 8 to your XFINITY services...34 The online description did not identify or allude to any limitations on the coverage 12 described above... 4 • Hassle-free replacement and repair of defective customer inside wiring.7114. 9 • Confidence that if there is a problem with any XFINITY service. XFINITY 3 Internet and XFINITY Home service problems. 2 • Troubleshooting and diagnosis of XFINITY TV. Seattle. a number of customers such as customer #. For instance. on the SPP sales call recordings produced 19 by Comcast... including customer #. In fact.. Additional SPP Misrepresentations by Comcast about the SPP 16 3. Comcast representatives made a variety of misrepresentations 18 overstating the SPP's scope of coverage.36 Another example is that a number of customers.86 . cable connectors.. splitters 6 and phone jacks due to normal wear and tear. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19... were deceptively told 24 that all service calls are chargeable without the SPP... 11 3..... It claimed the list represented examples of items 13 covered by the SPP and "is not all-inclusive.35 In addition to failing to disclose the SPP's concealed wiring.22 (206) 464-7745 . as the Comcast 25 Guarantee provides that many service calls are not chargeable.. and installation limitations. 15 G..37 Additional customers.
007 SPP 16 subscribers for service calls it claimed were covered by the SPP. Comcast charged Washington customers between 25 $36. The Plan currently costs customers $5.6 million in profits from 14 Washington consumers over a two-and-a-half year period by deceptively advertising the SPP. 12 Washington consumers avoided only approximately $5 million in service call charges by 13 subscribing to the SPP. Washington 11 consumers paid Comcast $41. or improper customer use. 26 SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue.50 and $70. Seattle.86 ." Comcast charges customers a fee when a technician 22 visits the customer's premises to diagnose and/or resolve a service issue that is not covered by 23 the Customer Guarantee such as when the problem originates from the customer's equipment.39 Comcast earned substantial profits in Washington by deceptively advertising the 7 SPP. Comcast charged 2. In the narrower time frame of January 2013 through July 2015. without disclosing that a customer must 3 subscribe to the SPP for at least 60 days after a service call for the call to be covered. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. and numerous additional 17 individuals were forced to pay for their own repairs because of the SPP's lack of coverage. Thus.1 3.38 Comcast representatives also frequently told customers they could cancel the SPP 2 at the end of the month or they could cancel any time.40 Between October 2013 and September 2015. 18 I. Comcast Obtains Millions of Dollars from Washington Consumers Through Its Deceptive Service Protection Plan 5 6 3.00 for service call visits. During that time. and over half a million Washington 8 consumers accounts had SPP subscriptions at some point since January 2011. 15 3.41 Comcast does not charge customers for all service calls as many are covered by 20 the Comcast Customer Guarantee: "[W]e won't charge you for a service visit that results from a 21 Comcast equipment or network problem.23 (206) 464-7745 . Washington 9 consumers paid Comcast over $73 million in SPP subscription fees from January 2011 through 10 November 2015. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. 4 H.6 million in subscription fees for the SPP.99 per month. 24 inside wiring. Comcast's Service Call Fees 19 3. Comcast earned approximately $36.
Comcast does not formally train the SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. Comcast charged numerous SPP subscribers for service 13 calls. Comcast Service Call "Fix" Codes 8 3. Comcast charges the customer for a service call if any one of the fix codes 17 applied is chargeable. Comcast 25 supervisors tell them to apply the most relevant fix codes available so that Comcast has a log of 26 the problem in case a follow-up call is necessary. 5 do not fully disclose the service call rates. the customer will be unfairly and 21 deceptively charged for the service call if the technician applies the customer education code 22 because customer education fix codes are chargeable. 7 J. If a customer enrolls in the SPP. as noted above. Comcast does not mention a fee for internet or 6 telephone service calls. Comcast's customer support 3 representatives failed to disclose the service call fees to numerous Washington consumers. 14 3. 4 Comcast also claims it discloses the service call fees on its rate cards. 24 3. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. The rate cards.44 A technician can select up to six fix codes for each service call. some of those chargeable fix codes are "covered" 12 by the SPP. if a technician fixes a broken Comcast cable box but also 20 provides "customer education" during the service call. Thus.45 Technicians receive little training on proper application of fix codes. however. if a technician selects five non-chargeable fix codes and one 18 chargeable code. For instance. However. 23 this deceptive practice occurred 2. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. Seattle.24 (206) 464-7745 .42 Comcast directs its customer support representatives to inform customers there 2 may be a charge if a technician visits for a service call. However.078 times between June 2014 and June 2016. Comcast charges the customer for the service call even if the chargeable code 19 is in a secondary position. approximately 80 of which are 11 chargeable.43 Comcast determines whether a service call is chargeable or covered by the 9 Customer Guarantee based on "fix" codes applied by the technician who visits the customer's 10 house. With respect to customer education codes. and additional codes are 16 secondary tasks.1 3. Technicians can select from approximately 200 fix codes. However.86 . The first code 15 applied is considered the primary task performed on the service visit.
" Technicians 21 applied these fix codes specifically "to add service charges to a normally not charged fix code. 26 SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue.46 Technicians do not always apply the correct fix codes. Examples include the 12 following: 13 a. Comcast technicians could apply a 14 chargeable fix code titled "T43 CUST-CCG-REF BY CUST. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. Comcast technicians could apply chargeable 20 resolution codes titled "U52 Charge TC" and "U53 Charge TC-Adv-SCVS.17 million-plus consumers when it promises them in its 9 Customer Guarantee that they will not be charged for issues with Comcast equipment or the 10 Comcast network. 2015.47 Comcast deceives its 1.25 (206) 464-7745 . Seattle. This can result in Comcast charging customers for non-chargeable service calls. and neither the 4 technicians' supervisors nor anyone else reviews the fix codes applied by technicians for 5 accuracy. Until Approximately June 19." 22 The U53 fix code also added the Service Protection Plan to the customer's account. 3 3. Technicians did not receive any training 17 on proper application of this fix code. 6 K.86 . Until approximately June 19." This code recognized that the service call was covered by the 16 Customer Guarantee but charged the consumer anyway. The technicians are expected to understand them based 2 on their general knowledge of the repair and customer education services they provide. In truth. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. Comcast applied Resolution Code U52 almost 1.1 technicians on what each fix code means. Comcast Does Not Honor Its Customer Guarantee Because It Improperly Designates Certain Fix Codes as Chargeable 7 8 3. These fix 23 codes' descriptions openly acknowledged that they applied when a service was not normally 24 chargeable.000 times between December 2013 25 and December 2015. 19 b. many of Comcast's chargeable fix codes improperly apply to repairs 11 that should fall within the Comcast Customer Guarantee's scope. and no customer would intentionally refuse the Customer 18 Guarantee." which applied "when customer 15 refuses customer guarantee. 2015.
Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. Comcast applied chargeable fix codes to non-SPP subscriber's 7 accounts 4. 2 HDMI cables. Comcast 18 initially sends the same strength signal to all houses." This is a blanket resolution code that applies to any cable card issue not covered by four 11 other standard cable card resolution codes (two chargeable codes for customer cable cards and 12 two non-chargeable codes for Comcast cable cards). 23 Notably. Comcast technicians. coax jumpers.687 times to non-SPP subscribers between 26 December 2013 and December 2015. Comcast claims it does not charge customers for repairs 5 to these items unless the customer purchased and/or installed them. these items are Comcast equipment that should be 4 covered under the Customer Guarantee. technicians received extra time credit for installing drop amplifiers. incentivizing them 24 to install them when no real signal problem existed. many lease them from Comcast. In Washington. Comcast applied the 25 chargeable drop amplifier resolution code 7. so application of Fix Code T86 can result in service 15 call charges for Comcast equipment issues. Although some customers own their cable 13 cards. In the 3 overwhelming majority of households. Comcast charges for the repair or replacement of cat5 jumpers. But its fix codes contradict 6 this claim." which is the cable running from the telephone pole to the house. Comcast charges customers when a technician applies a fix code titled "T86 CC- 10 Other. 16 e. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. Until approximately January 2015. Comcast charged customers when it installed 17 a drop amplifier.26 (206) 464-7745 . Comcast's resolution 14 code does not distinguish between the two. but the signal can deteriorate before it 19 reaches a house if the "tap.1 c. Seattle.86 . and component cables (four different codes cover these repairs). is 20 degraded. Comcast's signal strength and the "tap" is Comcast's responsibility and repairs to it 21 should not be charged to the customer. In Washington.204 times for service visits relating to these repairs between December 2013 and 8 December 2015. making them Comcast equipment. 9 d. frequently install a drop 22 amplifier to fix the tap problem rather than climb the telephone pole and fix the tap itself. however. SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. Drop amplifiers boost the cable signal's strength within a house.
Sometimes the customer demands that unbroken equipment 3 be replaced.087 times to non-SPP subscribers 8 between December 2013 and December 2015. Comcast used its improper billing of its customers for service 25 calls as a marketing opportunity to sell the SPP. 49% of customers charged with a trouble call fee in the West Division end up calling the West Division Billing queue within 30 days of the completed trouble 20 call. 14 L. 22 Washington is Comcast's West Division.49 Comcast has long known it improperly bills its customers for service calls. 7 Comcast applied the "swap equipment" resolution code 2. Comcast does not distinguish between 5 circumstances in which a customer requests replacement of functioning equipment and 6 circumstances in which a Comcast representative requests the replacement. The Q2 Comcast goal for agent contact rate is 24% and the goal for 21 issuing credits is 10%. 23 3. Comcast identified the Problem Statement as follows: 18 Problem Statement: 19 As of May 2013. However. Seattle. Comcast charges customers when a technician replaces Comcast equipment that 2 the technician believes is not broken. where the follow-up call was due to a 13 failure to fully fix the customer's issue during the first call.86 . 2013 Comcast document on the 26 Trouble Call Charges explained. a Comcast telephone representative—not the customer—often insists that 4 the functioning equipment is broken and must be replaced. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. An October 31. In Washington. Comcast has Long Known that it is Deceptively Billing its Customers for Service 15 Calls 16 3.48 In addition to designating fix codes covering Comcast equipment and network 10 problems as chargeable. Comcast's deceptively charged customers for service calls when the 11 primary fix code was designated non-chargeable. "The more customers are driven to SPP the less Care/Tech Ops SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. Those phone calls correlate to 20% of all charged trouble calls being credited in the West Division. and deceptively charged customers for repeat 12 service calls (including service calls for installations).50 While most companies would be appalled to have 49% of customers calling in 24 about their bills after a service call.27 (206) 464-7745 . 9 3. In a 17 2013 Process Improvement Status Report. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT.1 f.
See COMCAST-WALIT 000014781. In the West Division. 12 3. from 2010 to 2015 due to increases 14 in the monthly price of the SPP. 16 3. due to Comcast's pattern of deception. the improper billing practices got worse at Comcast." Another 3 Comcast document listed "Best Solutions" to the huge number of customers calling about and 4 being credited for service calls was "Calling out charges and selling SPP in the email reminder 5 for the appointment. Comcast technicians are directed to provide "customer education" on 26 every service call as part of Comcast's customer satisfaction efforts.86 . In 10 September 2014." 6 3. "Customer education" is a chargeable 25 resolution code.1 will have to worry about educating the customer on charges. However.51 Instead of improving. 21 a service call was chargeable even if the technician identified the primary reason for the service 22 visit as non-chargeable so long as an ancillary task performed during the visit involved a 23 chargeable fix code. Comcast determined 8 that 30% of its customers that were charged for a trouble call were issued a credit for that trouble 9 call within 30 days due to customer complaints. if a SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue.28 (206) 464-7745 .53 Even though the enrollment rate was falling. This led to many deceptive billing practices including but not limited to the 24 deception related to the "customer education" charge." Additionally. In a 7 spreadsheet with a Chargeable Trouble Call analysis of September 2014.8% in 2015. which included Washington. Comcast's West Division 17 consistently had a SPP enrollment rate over 50% higher than Comcast's other regions. only 51% of chargeable trouble calls 11 were actually charged and collected by Comcast. SPP revenues were up 13 over 56% in the West Region. Comcast's 18 West Division also had a more deceptive service call billing practice than Comcast's other 19 regions.8% in 2010 to 15. In Comcast's other regions. Seattle. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. the percentage of customers enrolled in the SPP fell 15 in the West region from 27. However. a service call was chargeable only if the first (primary) code 20 entered was chargeable – the other secondary charge codes were ignored.52 The spreadsheet also highlighted other issues for Comcast. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. In the West Division. Comcast would 2 "[i]ncrease recurring revenue with SPP push" and "[d]ecrease credit adjustments.
As a December 1. and call in and 15 credit and revenue." Comcast's West Division did not change its 9 deceptive ways. Working to get agents to sign up the customers for SPP SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. and field techs saying there would be no charge. agents in the repair centers 25 educating there would be no charge. Seattle. 7 "We believe about 25% of our total TC [Trouble Call] revenue is generated from codes outside 8 of slot 1 [the primary slot] based on October data. Comcast began a "Trouble Call Charges Initiative" that identified 12 more of the same problems with improperly billed service charges: 13 Problem Statement: 14 • Customer are being charged for trouble calls when they should not be or are unaware of potential charges. Comcast proposed 22 encouraging more SPP sales by having its agents tie a credit for an improperly billed service call 23 to the customer signing up for the SPP: 24 Trouble call credits: Continue to be a high driver of credits into the center. 11 3. this made the service 2 call chargeable even if all of the other resolution codes were not chargeable.86 . 2015 email. Comcast's West Division refused to change 6 because it would mean less money for the West Division. the less trouble calls are 19 charged/credited). 4 3. 16  Group agreed upon problem statement 17 Comcast selected a number of "impacted metrics to measure" as part of its Trouble Call Initiative 18 including "SPP Penetration % (i. To solve this problem.54 Comcast's West Division knew it was far more aggressive in billing its customers 5 for service calls than the other Comcast regions.29 (206) 464-7745 .55 In March 2015. Impacting the customer experience. greater the % customers on SPP.56 In an April 3.1 technician performed "customer education" as he or she was required to do. Actions: Have worked with the centers to reinforce that they are valid charges because 26 the customer does not have SPP." 20 3. the West Division 10 continued its deceptive billing practices and encouraged more customers to enroll in the SPP. Comcast executives continued to recognize that there 21 were problems with service calls and credits. No other Comcast 3 division had this policy and practice. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. Challenges involve no documentation that the customer was advised. Instead. 2014 email indicates. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. and the other divisions did not change their practices.e.
outside work 17 on the line etc." 16 • "If the trouble call is at no fault to the customer (i. 26 SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. 8 Due to the current trouble call process many of these customers are unexpectedly seeing a charge on their account when they were not at fault 9 for the service disruption. These customers then need to call back (often multiple times) to get the charge adjusted. bad equipment. 10 11 3." 21 • "The current trouble call process charges customer on a trouble call that occurs 22 within 30 days of a initial install of service/service upgrade or 7 days after another 23 trouble call if the completion code has a chargeable reason code used. 2016. 2 3. This 4 assessment recognized there were continued improper billing problems.57 The 2015 "Trouble Call Charges Initiative" did not solve the problem. 2016 "Trouble Call Assessment" identified numerous 12 structural problems: 13 • "Trouble calls automatically charge 100% of the time no matter the completion 14 code for non-chargeable work performed if one or more chargeable codes are also 15 used. the customer is then required to schedule a trouble call truck roll. 3 Comcast performed another "Trouble Call Assessment. 42% were resulting in Comcast crediting the service call expense 25 and reversing the bill to its customer after the customer called in to complain. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19.) the customer will be assessed a fee if chargeable work was 18 completed as well.1 before crediting.30 (206) 464-7745 . Its Problem Statement 5 identified three problems including: 6 After a customer invests time and energy and is unsuccessful 7 troubleshooting service and is still experiencing service not working properly. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. The $70 change that went through last year continues to significantly impact our CPC." 19 • "Customer education is a chargeable resolution code yet should be done on every 20 trouble call in order to create the best possible customer experience." 24 For these trouble call charges.86 .e.58 Comcast's February 23. Seattle." dated February 23. Instead.
19 3.60 Tom Karinshak. work groups.31 (206) 464-7745 . We and the industry as a whole have not always made customer service the high priority it should have been. 2016.62 For all services other than Limited Basic Cable and Internet Essentials.7 million 3 per year for the West Division.64 As part of the credit screening process. we are committed to making every part of our customers' 9 experience better. We regret 8 that history and have committed to our customers that we will lead the way with initiatives to change it. 10 3. 12 Comcast continues its deceptive service call billing practices to date. and we have already begun to do so. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. and assessments to address its 11 deceptive service call billing practices. Comcast Cable 5 testified to the United States Senate on June 23.59 As part of its 2016 Trouble Call Assessment. Seattle. 23 3. In some circumstances. Comcast asks a commercial credit 24 company like Equifax to perform a credit check on the consumer and provide Comcast with a 25 credit risk assessment analysis.63 Washington customers pay a $50. all new 15 Comcast customers must either pay a deposit prior to receiving services. Comcast calculated that process 2 changes to attempt to address its pattern of deceptive billing would lead to a loss of $7. we understand why we are here. 4 3. Comcast's Credit Screening Policy 14 3.00 deposit to avoid a credit check.61 Despite repeated internal meetings. existing Comcast 17 customers must pay a deposit or have a credit check run when adding new services or upgrading 18 their services. 13 M.00 to $150. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. Comcast does not fulfill its Customer Guarantee. Comcast 21 credits customer deposits toward the customer's monthly account balance after six months as 22 long as the customer has a clean payment history for the prior six months.86 . or undergo a credit 16 screening to determine if a deposit is necessary. Senior Vice President of Customer Service. The credit check results in a "hard hit" on the consumer's credit 26 SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue.1 3. 20 with the amount depending on how many services the customer received from Comcast. in the Hearing Before the Senate 6 Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations: 7 At Comcast.
which expressly "add 24 service charges to a normally not charged fix code. CLAIM – VIOLATION OF THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT.286 Washington consumers a 9 day or more after they paid a deposit to avoid the running of a credit check. Comcast has repeatedly failed to honor its 20 guarantee and charged its Washington customers for Comcast equipment and network 21 problems. 3 3.1 Comcast unfairly and/or deceptively guarantees its over 1.2.66 In addition. Comcast ran credit checks on at least 3.2. and component cables provided by Comcast. 14 4. However. or were improperly required 7 to pay a deposit despite having a sufficient credit score to avoid the deposit requirement. 26 HDMI cables.2 Comcast has made numerous implied and express deceptive statements in trade 15 or commerce to over one million Washington consumers. coax jumpers. including the following: 22 4. including but not limited to the 16 following: 17 4.1 Plaintiff realleges paragraphs 1.1 profile that can negatively affect the consumer's credit score when future credit inquiries are 2 performed.000 Washington customers with credit scores that were sufficient to avoid Comcast's deposit 5 requirement.2. RCW 19.32 (206) 464-7745 . These Customers either paid a deposit to avoid having Comcast run a credit check 6 and had a credit check run on them contrary to Comcast's promises.86.020 11 12 4.1 through 3.1.86 . SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. Seattle.2 Repair or replacement of cat5 jumpers." 25 4. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. 10 IV.1.66 and incorporates them as if fully 13 set forth herein.65 From January 2013 through January 2016. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. 8 3.1 Instances in which a technician applies chargeable 23 resolution codes U52 Charge TC and U53 Charge TC-Adv-SCVS. Comcast obtained a deposit from over 4 6.17 million 18 Washington customers that they will not be charged for any service visit that results from a 19 Comcast equipment or network problem.
even though no customer would willingly pay 10 Comcast money for repairs that should be free.6 Instances when a customer—according to an untrained 9 technician—refuses the customer guarantee. and a customer education.1. 11 4.9 Comcast technicians applying the wrong fix code. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. equipment." 2 which does not distinguish between customer and Comcast cable cards. Seattle.1 Claiming it covers repairs to all inside wiring.3 Cable card problems.4 Installation of drop amplifiers to correct a weak Comcast 4 signal being sent to the customer's house..2. 5 4. 8 4. 13 4.2.1 4.1.2. or inside wiring issue.1.2. designated as"T86 CC-Other. 19 Comcast failed to clearly disclose any of these limitations to the consumer.33 (206) 464-7745 .2. 23 4.2. 3 4. Comcast's 20 Customer Guarantee is deceptive.1. and it gives the consumer the net impression that they will 21 not be charged for anything relating to a Comcast equipment or network problem in violation 22 of the CPA.2. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT.8 Improperly billing a customer for a service call that 14 should not have been charged.2 Comcast unfairly and/or deceptively represented the scope of the SPP's 24 coverage to hundreds of thousands of consumers by: 25 4.1.2. 15 4.10 Instances where a repeat trouble call was charged when 17 the follow-up call was due to Comcast's failure to completely fix the customer's problem on 18 the first call.2.1.1.86 .7 Instances when a service call relates to both a Comcast 12 equipment or network issue. SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. and 16 4. when it 26 does not cover repairs to any concealed wires.1.2.2.5 Replacement of unbroken Comcast equipment that a 6 Comcast telephone representative (rather than the customer) claims is broken and directs the 7 technician to replace.
when these problems are already covered by the Comcast Guarantee.5 Claiming the SPP covers repairs to Comcast equipment 9 and network problems.2. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19.2. 18 4.2. 21 4.5 Comcast obtained a deposit from over 6.4 Claiming it covers installations when the SPP does not 7 cover installations.000 Washington customers with 24 high credit scores.86 .2.3 Comcast deceptively added the SPP to many of its Washington 19 customers' accounts without obtaining the customer's permission and without the customer's 20 knowledge.2.2. Comcast ran credit checks SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. phone. 13 Comcast's online and oral advertisements to the consumer regarding the SPP were 14 deceptive because they contained both blatantly false statements and because they gave the 15 consumer the net impression that the SPP covers all repairs a customer may require for the 16 cable.2. and/or unfairly and deceptively collected deposits 26 from customers who were not required to pay a deposit. 6 4. revealing that they unfairly and deceptively ran credit checks on customers 25 who paid a deposit to avoid a credit check. 8 4. 10 and 11 4.6 Claiming the SPP covers all service calls while failing to 12 disclose all of the SPP's limitations.2. 23 4. In addition. or internet services. Seattle. 4 4.1 4.2. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT.2 Claiming it covers service calls relating to customer 2 equipment without clearly and conspicuously disclosing it does not cover repairs to customer 3 equipment. when it frequently does not cover any repairs a consumer 17 requires at all.2.3 Claiming it covers the repair of customer equipment 5 when it does not.4 Comcast deceptively did not disclose to customers that the SPP required 22 a recurring monthly charge when the customers were enrolled in the SPP.2.34 (206) 464-7745 .2.2.
8 million times.3 constitutes unfair and 11 deceptive acts or practices in trade or commerce and unfair methods of competition in violation 12 of RCW 19.86 RCW.020 and is contrary to the public interest. successors. Comcast deceptively advertised the SPP to hundreds of 6 thousands of Washington consumers and subscribed hundreds of thousands of Washington 7 consumers to the SPP through deceptive acts or practices. prays that this Court grant the 15 following relief: 16 5.000 Washington consumers. Seattle. 10 4.3 Comcast's actions affect the public interest because it repeatedly engaged in the 4 conduct described above. 18 5. STATE OF WASHINGTON. assigns.3 That the Court issue a permanent injunction enjoining and restraining 22 Defendants and their representatives. Plaintiff. 13 V.17 million Washington consumers. 26 SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue.1 on at least 3. PRAYER FOR RELIEF 14 WHEREFORE. agents. 21 5. on behalf of. 23 and all other persons acting or claiming to act for.86 .2 That the Court adjudge and decree that the conduct complained of in the 19 Complaint constitutes unfair or deceptive acts or practices and unfair methods of competition 20 in violation of the Consumer Protection Act. Comcast deceptively represented the 8 scope of its Customer Guarantee to over 1. Comcast 9 has violated the CPA over 1. Chapter 19.1 through 4. Comcast improperly obtained deposits from and/or ran credit checks 5 on over 6. officers.4 The conduct described in paragraphs 1. employees. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. or in active concert or 24 participation with Defendants from continuing or engaging in the unlawful conduct complained 25 of herein.86. servants.286 Washington consumers a day or more after they paid a deposit to avoid the 2 running of a credit check. Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT.1 That the Court adjudge and decree that Defendants have engaged in the conduct 17 complained of herein.35 (206) 464-7745 . 3 4. In total.
020 3 alleged herein.1 5.6 That the Court order such other relief as it may deem just and proper to fully 8 and effectively dissipate the effects of the conduct complained of herein. WSBA #38769 16 Assistant Attorneys General JEFFREY G.86. 4 5. COLGAN. pursuant to RCW 19. Seattle. 2017.000 per violation against Defendants for each and every violation of RCW 19. 11 Presented by: 12 ROBERT W. 10 DATED this 21st day of December. Davies 15 DANIEL T.080 as it deems 5 appropriate to provide for restitution to consumers of money or property acquired by 6 Defendants as a result of the conduct complained of herein. WSBA #41793 SEANN C.5 That the Court make such orders pursuant to RCW 19. WSBA #45037 17 Senior Assistant Attorney General Attorneys for Plaintiff State of Washington 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. or which may 9 otherwise seem proper to the Court. DAVIES. of up to 2 $2. RUPERT.86.140. 7 5.86 . Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT.36 (206) 464-7745 . WA 98104-3188 RCW 19. FERGUSON Attorney General 13 14 /s/ Daniel T.86.4 That the Court assess civil penalties.
Suite 2000 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. Suite 2200 ☐Facsimile Seattle. NW ☒E-service King County 12 Washington. Hopkins ☐U. 2017. Seattle. Shapiro ☐Facsimile 11 Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP ☒Email 1875 Pennsylvania Ave.. 23 24 /s/ Michelle Baczkowski MICHELLE BACZKOWSKI 25 Legal Assistant 26 SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL OF WASHINGTON Consumer Protection Division INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF UNDER 800 Fifth Avenue. Postage Prepaid 17 350 South Grand Ave. Ste. Martens ☐Certified Mail.com 8 9 David Gringer ☐Legal Messenger Ariel E.com ☒E-service King County markbartlett@dwt. CA 90071 ☐Facsimile 18 Email: gregory. Receipt Requested Howard M. that the 21 foregoing is true and correct. DC 20006 Email: david. Receipt Requested 6 1201 Third Avenue. under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of Washington.S. Mail.martens@wilmerhale.86 . 2100 ☐Certified Mail. Postage Prepaid 10 Matthew T.com matthew.1 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE 2 I certify that I served a copy of the foregoing on the following parties via the following 3 methods: 4 Ross Siler ☐Legal Messenger 5 Mark N. at Seattle.siler@dwt. WA 98101 ☒Email 7 Email: ross.S.com 15 16 Gregory Boden ☐Legal Messenger Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP ☐U. Washington.boden@wilmerhale.com 13 ariel. WA 98104-3188 RCW 19.gringer@wilmerhale. Receipt Requested Los Angeles.com ☒Email ☐E-service King County 19 20 I certify.37 (206) 464-7745 .S. Postage Prepaid Davis Wright Tremaine LLP ☐Certified Mail.thome@wilmerhale. Bartlett ☐U.com matthew.com 14 howard. Mail. Mail. 22 DATED this 21st day of December.hopkins@wilmerhale.shapiro@wilmerhale.


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Home Open Access News Research & Innovation News Emphasising vaccines and immunotherapeutics research worldwide
Emphasising vaccines and immunotherapeutics research worldwide
© Oier Aso Poza
Here, Open Access Government interview Dr Babita Agrawal, Professor in the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta to discuss the continued need for research into vaccines and immunotherapeutics
Dr Babita Agrawal's productive career in the field of immunology, researching novel immunotherapeutics, vaccines and vaccine platforms includes those using an adenovirus vector and modified-peptides. As an established investigator with proven leadership in immunotherapy and vaccine research, she has received various awards and recognitions for her research achievements and has served as a scientific expert in numerous provincial, national and international grant panels including National Institutes of Health (NIH and NCI) U.S.A., Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and granting agencies from Hong Kong, China, UK, and South Africa.
Her research focuses on analysing immune regulation and innate and adaptive immune responses to design and test new vaccine and immuno-therapeutic strategies. Dr Agrawal has most recently been focused on identifying the ways in which pathogens trigger, modify or evade protective immune responses and how this can be fine-tuned for our benefit to develop novel vaccines. Besides conventional vaccine concepts, Dr Agrawal also seeks to employ novel immunoregulatory molecules, the unique interrelationship of immunity with microbiota, and cross-reactive immunity, in her quest. Here, we discuss more about this.
What are some new frontiers being discovered in vaccines and immunotherapeutics?
Prior to the COVID pandemic, vaccines against infectious diseases were largely based on inactivated/attenuated pathogens or recombinant protein antigens. However, for decades, researchers have been studying various other platforms of vaccines such as adenovirus vector, mRNA, DNA, modified peptides etc. Recently, there is a greater emphasis on adjuvant-less vaccines. With respect to immuno-therapeutics, monoclonal antibody and innate immune-based approaches have taken a central role in the discovery phase.
Tell us about the importance of the unprecedented speed at which SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been brought forward for mass vaccination.
Across the globe, scientists, pharma and governments must be first congratulated for their commitment to bringing forward and implementing multiple highly efficacious vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 for mass vaccination. The unprecedented speed at which both adenovirus-based and mRNA-based vaccine technologies have been clinically tested and approved for public use, is truly spectacular. Both of these vaccine platforms are the first to be approved as SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and there is no precedence for these in previous vaccines. This does not mean that these technologies developed overnight or within one year.
In fact, hundreds of scientists in academia including my laboratory, biotech and pharma have been tenaciously working on in-depth understanding of these vaccine platforms, and their contributions over past several decades must also be acknowledged. The cumulative basic and applied research into these technologies has been crucial for the fast delivery of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. It is with their hard work and commitment as well, that the SARS-CoV-2 antigenic sequences could be embedded into these experimental vaccine platforms, to make them successful. Importantly, various governments and regulatory agencies must be commended for their financial supports, timely review and recommendation of the emergency use approvals.
Despite this, why is the continuing emergence of pathogenic and more infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants and their spread across the globe throughout 2021 still very much a worry?
Ideally, if 100% of the world's population could be fully vaccinated with a highly protective preventive COVID vaccine in a very short time, we would be able to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among people and mitigate the pandemic completely. The current COVID-19 vaccines are not preventive, meaning they don't protect from infection, but they are highly effective in protecting from severe health consequences, hospitalisations and mortality resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infections.
However, there is an ongoing race between the spread of the virus and vaccination. The larger the unvaccinated population is, or the more time it takes to vaccinate people, the more the virus replicates and the more mutations in viral variants occur with potentially more infectivity and pathogenicity. And the virus finds a safe haven in unvaccinated people to accomplish the continuous cycles of replication and mutation, which are currently driving the pandemic and emergence of variants. Besides these, the waning of vaccine-induced protective immunity over time is becoming a serious concern and several governments have initiated booster vaccination at least in people with pre- existing conditions. Amongst all these, there is a continuous need for highly protective vaccines that can prevent infection in humans, and therefore seriously limit the human reservoir of COVID-19.
Above all, widespread worldwide vaccination efforts must circumvent two major obstacles: Vaccine hesitancy and vaccine inequity.
What do you hope for the future roles of vaccines and immunotherapeutics?
Vaccines and immunotherapeutics will certainly play a very decisive role in combatting COVID-19, and any future pandemics. It is expected that coronaviruses, their subtypes and variants, may cause future pandemics. In the last two decades, there have been several real threats of viral pandemics. Not only coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1 in 2003 and MERS in 2012), influenza viruses with pandemic potential have also threatened humanity a few times during the last two decades of this millennium.
Therefore, it is evident that there is an enhanced hazard and opportunity for common respiratory viruses to instigate pandemics in the near future as well. However, with a fresh experience and perspective on real pandemics, the public, scientists, pharma and government must all remain vigilant and prepare themselves better to nip any future pandemic in the bud. To achieve this, besides enhanced public health surveillance, extensive research must continue to investigate potential pan-coronavirus vaccine candidates and vaccine platforms, which are highly effective in preventing infection and which are effective against subtype, variants and mutants of coronaviruses.
How have vaccines and immunotherapies exceeded expectations over the COVID-19 pandemic?
Retrospectively, in 2020 I would not have predicted that an adenovirus and/ or an mRNA based vaccine platform could be so successful and so broadly used to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. Fast forward to 2021, the success of the current COVID-19 vaccines clearly demonstrates the potential of basic health research into novel vaccine technologies, saves lives and is having a positive impact on a dangerous pandemic globally.
Eradication of smallpox from the world is one humble example from history of the real power of vaccines for improving the health and life of humankind. The continued need for research into vaccines and immunotherapeutics, cannot be undermined and must be emphasised worldwide.
Please note: This is a commercial profile
© 2019. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Babita Agrawal
Email: bagrawal@ualberta.ca
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OAG 033 - January 2022
SH - Department of Surgery - Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry - University of Alberta
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