text:
Wisconsin governor defends $3 bln deal for Foxconn plant
Debra Rodriguez | 31 July, 2017, 01:20
Foxconn was exploring investments in seven states including Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Texas. Tim Casey, director of economic development for Waukesha County Center for Growth, Inc. said they are working to match Foxconn with manufacturers in the county based on the parts and materials the company needs. Some of those states, including Wisconsin, were pivotal to Mr. Trump's victory in 2016, and are home to numerous working-class voters who were seen as key to his win. Trump's plans for health care and tax cuts face an uncertain future in Congress, and his administration is bogged down by an investigation into Russia's possible ties with his presidential campaign. President Trump announced that the Foxconn Technology Group will spend $10 billion to build a plant in Wisconsin, as CEO Terry Gou stood alongside.
"If I didn't get elected, he definitely would not be spending $10 billion", Trump said.
When Foxconn executives met with Trump in the Oval Office, "the president said I know a good spot where you should go - that place in Kenosha", Priebus recounted.
"To have this open and begin to be operational by 2020, we need to start now". The campus will cover up to 1,000 acres.
The plant will be in House Speaker Paul Ryan's district, and represents a big win for the Republican leader. This would mark a substantial gain for a state that now has 472,000 manufacturing jobs and is still recovering from factory layoffs - including the closure of a General Motors plant in Ryan's hometown - that hit after the 2008 financial crisis.
Little known to consumers, the maker of iPhones and other gadgets is a giant in the electronics industry thanks to its dominant position in the global manufacturing supply chain. Adding thousands of new workers will require construction of thousands of new homes, and already-depleted housing inventory in Wisconsin, like much of the country, makes that a bigger challenge.
India Vs Sri Lanka 1st Test Day 3rd
Since there's a lot of time remaining for the action, the players of Team India made a decision to blow some steam off. Debutant Danushka Gunathilaka was out for two, hitting Umesh Yadav straight to Cheteshwar Pujara at square leg.
The two companies will also focus on workforce development and training for IIoT solutions as Foxconn (hopefully) increases its US presence.
In 2013, Foxconn said it would invest $30 million and hire 500 workers for a new factory in Pennsylvania, but that facility was never completed.
Governor Walker's executive order requires the Legislature to commence the Wisconn Valley Special Session at 11:00 a.m. on Tuesday, August 1st, exclusively to consider and act upon the legislation. The remaining $150 million would come in the form of a sales and use tax exemption linked to construction costs.
Walker said he would convene a special session of the Wisconsin Legislature to address the Foxconn incentive package.
Reports that Wisconsin will pay $3B in subsidies in return for Foxconn opening a display plant there have been confirmed, with a breakdown of the incentives.
Not all Foxconn investments announced have resulted in new jobs.
Dunelm Group (LON:DNLM) Recent Analyst Updates
Vikings finalizing 5-year deal with Xavier Rhodes
Flores in charge at Canadian Open
The second round score tied Woodland's personal best and was just one shot off the Glen Abbey course record. Gary Woodland (68) also caught up to Garrigus to enter a tie for third at 15 under.
Antonio Conte Names His Dream £100 Million Striker
The question now is how far will Antonio Conte's side go for him, and if it will be enough for Juventus to accept. Former Tottenham Hotspur striker Les Ferdinand is convinced that Harry Kane will not leave the club this summer.
Ravi teja sit interrogation today
The actress, who was grilled for more than six hours stated that she smokes and consumes alcohol but has never taken drugs. The SIT has summoned 12 persons from the film industry, including directors and actors, for questioning in the case.
The new contract includes $41 million guaranteed and pays more than $42 million over the first three years , according to ESPN. The Vikings are also discussing contract extensions with defensive tackle Linval Joseph and linebacker Anthony Barr.
Gujarat Congress MLAs leave party, join BJP
Gujarat Chief Minister Vijay Rupani and senior leader Anandiben Patel were also in attendance during the nomination procedure. The resignation of two more MLAs on Friday has reduced Congress's tally to 52 in the 182-seat assembly.
Stephen Colbert responds to Trump's trans military ban: 'F- you'
Jenner referred to an old tweet Trump wrote as a presidential candidate, in which he promised to "fight for " LGBTQ people. Military chiefs recently announced a delay on allowing transgender people to enlist.
In other Inmarsat Plc news, insider Tony Bates sold 15,155 shares of the stock in a transaction that occurred on Friday, June 9th. The Firm is engaged in managing forests and producing pulp, paper and compound plastics for industrial and consumer packaging.
Ex-soccer coach Bob Bradley is LA Football Club's inaugural coach
After leaving the USA team, Bradley eschewed MLS jobs and embarked on an worldwide career. He left Chivas and MLS in 2006 to take over the USA team.
US Treasury sanctions Iranian companies after 'provocative' satellite launch
There has been speculation that Tehran has kept close cooperation with Pyongyang over its missile and nuclear programs. Strategic Command, which monitors launches worldwide, confirmed that no satellite was deployed from the rocket.
Gainesville police reject President's Trumps remarks about treatment of suspects
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) also pushed back hard against Trump's rhetoric. "These are animals", the president said. Trump, addressing a crowd in New York's Suffolk County. "I'd like to punch him in the face, I'll tell you".
Nawaz Sharif vacates PM House; off to Murree with family
But transferring the power to his brother will ensure continuation of policies, including fight against terrorism. But Shehbaz, the 65-year-old chief minister of Punjab, can not immediately replace his brother as he is not an MP.
Aso announces emergency tariffs of 50% on imported frozen beef from Aug
Japan is the top destination for US chilled and frozen beef, with trade valued at $581 million this year through May. Aso told reporters the government is explaining the move to the United States and other countries.
Qatar accuses Saudi Arabia of 'politicising' Hajj over pilgrim restrictions The four states have cut air and sea links with Qatar and sanctioned dozens of groups and individuals. They were created amid signs of easing of the Gulf standoff following the visit to the region by U.S.
Tottenham youngster Marcus Edwards signs new contract Tottenham's summer has continued to stutter on as the team sold full-back Kyle Walker and are still yet to buy any new players.
Brokers Watch List: AK Steel Holding Corp (NYSE:AKS) Nikko Asset Management Americas Inc. increased its position in shares of United States Steel by 36.4% in the first quarter. The analysts estimated mean EPS at 0.14 while the high and low EPS estimate stand at 0.26 and -0.02 respectively.
Kenya Deputy President Ruto's home stormed by gunmen Typically the deputy president's residences are heavily guarded by an elite paramilitary police unit. Deputy President William Ruto gestures during an interview with Kenyan journalists in NY yesterday.
Maduro presses on with polls despite protests The extension lasts for 90 days and can be renewed for up to two years. Protesters blocked more than a dozen intersections Friday in Caracas .
Lorry drives through barrier set up by protesters in east London It comes just days after wheelie bins were set on fire outside Stoke Newington Police Station as protests turned nasty. Helicopters could be heard circling above as protesters launched fireworks at riot officers and police dogs.
A closer look at Tesla Model 3's spartan interior And a fully loaded Model 3 with 310 miles of range costs a hefty $59,500; the base model goes 220 miles (322 km) on a charge . Half a million reservations have been made for the vehicle , the company says, up from about 373,000 disclosed in April 2016.
European Union initiates legal action against Poland over judiciary reform The escalating standoff with Poland threatens to deepen an east-west split in the EU. Despite pressure at home and overseas , President Duda this week signed numerous ...
US Senate rejects Obamacare repeal bill in blow to Trump (Third Lead) It is possible that the House will vote on a motion to go to conference on Friday before they leave town as that assurance. The American Medical Association came out against the HCFA on Thursday, calling it a "toxic prescription".
Tottenham boss Mauricio Pochettino demands 'more respect' from Antonio Conte Tottenham have offloaded Kyle Walker during the current transfer window, with a record-breaking deal taking the full-back to Manchester City .
As US Grapples With Police Brutality, Trump Advocates For Violence But the bottom line is this: The war against MS-13 is being won, and it's being won despite the Left's Iron Curtain. Friday, President Trump pledged to wipe them out.
French PM visits areas worst hit by wildfires The French prime minister, Edouard Philippe, has travelled to areas struck by wildfires in France's Cote d'Azur region. Firefighters said they were exhausted and needed more manpower and equipment.
European Union threatens Poland with sanctions over judiciary powers overhaul Timmermans without knowledge of the bills and Polish law comes up with a hurtful criticism of Poland". Kaczynski said he expects "very strong resistance" to his party's plans to decentralize the media.
Trump banned transgender troops after border wall funding was threatened, report says It now heads to the Senate - where Democrats have a significant strength - before it can be signed into law by the U.S. president. Andy Biggs, R-Gilbert, focused on the fact that Congress had "taken the first significant step to build the wall".
Centrica PLC's (LON:CNA) Sell Rating Reaffirmed at Deutsche Bank AG JP Morgan has "Neutral" rating and GBX 781 target. 6/22/2017-Morgan Stanley initiated coverage with a Equal weight rating. Hap Trading has invested 0.02% in BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 55,904 were reported by Amica Mutual Insurance.
'Sunday Night Football' Ratings Down Again On Day Of Player Protests
Should NFL players kneel during the national anthem today? Vote here
Multiple Browns players take a knee ahead of game against the Colts
IFixit's Apple iPhone 8 Teardown Reveals Smaller Battery, 2GB RAM
North Korea: Tremor detected in north east
Discovering Momentum Stocks: Mondelez International, Inc. (MDLZ), Kinder Morgan, Inc. (KMI)


The Office of Multicultural Affairs hosts multiple "Diversity Topic Thursday" events each semester. Diversity Topic Thursday is a discussion, reflecting on varied diversity issues to yield open dialogue, provide information and promote multicultural competence.
All Diversity Topic Thursday events will be held in Gallagher MPR from 2:15-3:30 p.m.


text:
Tag : league of legends worlds
Burn It All Down (Ft. PVRIS): Worlds 2021 Official song is here!
Aaron Alford
Burn it all down, at League of Legends Worlds 2021.
[Worlds 2019] HAVE YOU SEEN THIS SORCERESS?: The sudden disappearance of Syndra
Nick Geracie
Why was Syndra considered so strong in the first place, and what in the world happened in the Group Stage to cause her sudden disappearance from the forefront of the Worlds meta?
[Worlds 2019] Cloud9 Svenskeren about the game versus Griffin: "We just wanted to go with something that's easy to play. (...) But eh, we weren't even able to execute just pressing 'R'."
Tom Matthiesen
Cloud9 has been eliminated from the 2019 League of Legends World Championship. The team headed into the second Round Robin phase of the Group Stage with a 1-2 deficit and had to win every single game
[Worlds 2019] EGym on the OPL's growth: "The biggest hurdle for emerging regions is isolation. We don't have a big server we can play on, so the team game is lagging behind a bit."
The League of Legends World Championship is a celebration of League talent from all over the world. Admittedly, most eyes tend to be on the LCK, LPL, LEC and LCS. But during the Play-In stage the mino
Global Head of League of Legends Esports Issues Statement on Political Messages During Broadcast
Lara Lunardi
This morning, John Needham, Global Head of League of Legends Esports issued a statement regarding political messages during LoL esports broadcasts. "As we near this weekend's League of Legends World C
[Worlds 2019] Group Stage seeding finalized
Sure enough, things shook down as was expected by the majority fo the LoL Esports community.
[Worlds 2019] The Play-In Knockout Stage bracket has been set.
The four teams who win their respective matches will be randomly seeded into the groups of the Main Event of Worlds 2019, excluding groups that already include a team of the Play-In seeds' respective regions. The four losing teams will be eliminated from the 2019 League of Legends World Championship.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: N x N grid in React/TypeScript/Tailwind only works with hardcoded Tailwind class Working on making Tic-tac-toe with React + TypeScript + Tailwind CSS and dynamically filling in the grid
I was mostly done, but then I suddenly decided I wanted to parameterize the size of the grid to N x N instead of just 3 x 3
And I'm encountering something really strange now
Problem Overview
When I parameterize using "grid-cols-" + NUM_ROWS_COLS.toString() the grid is often wrong (i.e. everything in one column), but when I hardcode with e.g. "grid-cols-5" or "grid-cols-3" then it works fine
Possible cause?
It might be an issue with my setup
My repo / branch is right here, but I will try to post some of the files directly
package.json
{
  "name": "tictactoe",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "private": true,
  "dependencies": {
    "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.16.4",
    "@testing-library/react": "^13.3.0",
    "@testing-library/user-event": "^14.2.5",
    "@types/jest": "^28.1.6",
    "@types/node": "^17.0.45",
    "@types/react": "^18.0.15",
    "@types/react-dom": "^18.0.6",
    "autoprefixer": "^10.4.7",
    "postcss": "^8.4.14",
    "postcss-cli": "^9.1.0",
    "postcss-preset-env": "^7.7.2",
    "react": "^18.2.0",
    "react-dom": "^18.2.0",
    "react-scripts": "^5.0.1",
    "tailwindcss": "^3.1.6",
    "typescript": "^4.7.4"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "start": "react-scripts start",
    "build": "react-scripts build",
    "test": "react-scripts test",
    "eject": "react-scripts eject"
  },
  "eslintConfig": {
    "extends": "react-app"
  },
  "browserslist": {
    "production": [
      ">0.2%",
      "not dead",
      "not op_mini all"
    ],
    "development": [
      "last 1 chrome version",
      "last 1 firefox version",
      "last 1 safari version"
    ]
  }
}

postcss.config.js
module.exports = {
  plugins: {
    tailwindcss: {},
    "postcss-preset-env": {},
  },
};

tailwind.config.js
/** @type {import('tailwindcss').Config} */
module.exports = {
  theme: {
    extend: {},
  },
  plugins: [],
  content: ["./src/**/*.{js,jsx,ts,tsx,html}", "./public/index.html"],
};

tsconfig.json
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "es5",
    "lib": [
      "dom",
      "dom.iterable",
      "esnext"
    ],
    "allowJs": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
    "strict": true,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
    "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
    "module": "esnext",
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "resolveJsonModule": true,
    "isolatedModules": true,
    "noEmit": true,
    "jsx": "react-jsx"
  },
  "include": [
    "src"
  ]
}

src/index.tsx
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client'
import "./styles/tailwind.css";
import Board from "./App";
import React from 'react';

ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root')!).render(
  <React.StrictMode>
    <Board />
  </React.StrictMode>
)

src/App.tsx
import * as React from 'react'
import * as ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client'

const NUM_ROWS_COLS: number = 4

interface SquareProps {
  top: boolean
  bottom: boolean
  left: boolean
  right: boolean
  row: number
  col: number
  parent: Board
  key: number
}

interface BoardState {
  squares: Array<SquareContainer>
}

interface SquareContainer {
  component: Square
  info: {value: string}
}

class Square extends React.Component<SquareProps, {}> {

  constructor(props: SquareProps) {
    super(props)
  }

  render() {
    let className: string = "aspect-square border-black p-0 m-0 font-sans text-center width-full height-full "

    className += "col-span-1 row-span-1 "

    if (this.props.top) {
      className += "border-t-2 "
    }

    if (this.props.left) {
      className += "border-l-2 "
    }

    if (this.props.bottom) {
      className += "border-b-2 "
    }

    if (this.props.right) {
      className += "border-r-2 "
    }

    return (

    )
  }
}

export class Board extends React.Component<{}, BoardState> {

  constructor(props: {}) {
    super(props)
    let state: BoardState = {
      squares: new Array(Math.pow(NUM_ROWS_COLS, 2)).fill({component: null, info: {value: ""}}),
    }

    for (let row = 0; row < NUM_ROWS_COLS; row++) {
      for (let col = 0; col < NUM_ROWS_COLS; col++) {
        const b: boolean = (row === NUM_ROWS_COLS-1)
        const r: boolean = (col === NUM_ROWS_COLS-1)
        const square: SquareContainer = {
          component: new Square({
            top: true, left: true, bottom: b, right: r, row: row, col: col,
            parent: this, key: NUM_ROWS_COLS*row + col,
          }),
          info: {value: ""},
        }
        state.squares[NUM_ROWS_COLS*row + col] = square
      }
    }

    this.state=state
  }

  componentDidMount() {
    this.setState(this.state)
  }

  render() {
    //let style: string = `border-black border-x-0 border-y-0 grid `
    return (
      <div className={`grid grid-cols-${NUM_ROWS_COLS.toString()}`}>
        {this.state.squares.map((squareinfo: SquareContainer, index: number) => {
          return squareinfo.component.render()
        })}

    );
  }
}

export default Board;

A: You can set style like this below.
This work for me.
className={`grid-rows-${N_ROWS_COLS.toString()}`}

A: The reason for this is the way Tailwind works. It essentially generates necessary CSS classes JIT (just-in-time) based on static analysis of the source files. This means that it will only detect hardcoded string classes, and not classes generated dynamically. When you do grid-cols-${NUM_ROWS_COLS.toString()} it will not see the grid-cols-4 class in the source code, so it will not compile it and there will not be any styles associated with it.
Tailwind does not recommend building dynamic classes for this exact reason (see https://tailwindcss.com/docs/content-configuration#dynamic-class-names). There really isn't any workaround (if you want to keep using Tailwind) except having all the necessary CSS classes in the code somewhere.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Fursenkoina es un género de foraminífero bentónico de la familia Fursenkoinidae, de la superfamilia Fursenkoinoidea, del suborden Buliminina y del orden Buliminida. Su especie tipo es Virgulina squammosa. Su rango cronoestratigráfico abarca desde el Cretácico superior hasta la Actualidad.

Discusión
Clasificaciones previas incluían Fursenkoina en el suborden Rotaliina del orden Rotaliida.

Clasificación
Se han descrito numerosas especies de Fursenkoina. Entre las especies más interesantes o más conocidas destacan:

 Fursenkoina squammosa

Un listado completo de las especies descritas en el género Fursenkoina puede verse en este anexo.

Referencias

Géneros de Rotaliida
Géneros de Buliminida
Géneros de foraminíferos bentónicos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Pedro Soares Pinto (born July 1, 1977) is a Portuguese journalist, businessman and politician of the Chega party and a member of the Assembly of the Republic for Faro since 2022.

Biography
Pinto was born in Lisbon in 1977. He studied international relations at the Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa. After graduating, he worked as a journalist and became a director for Ruedo Ibérico magazine. He later founded an events organizing business.

He was initially active in the CDS – People's Party before leaving to join Chega in 2019 and became Chega's district secretary in Beja where he was elected as a municipal councilor in 2020 before transferring to Faro.

For the 2022 Portuguese legislative election, he contested the Faro constituency and was elected to the Assembly of the Republic. In the Assembly he has focused on matters related to immigration and the COVID-19 policy. He is also president of the Chega parliamentary group.

References

1977 births
Portuguese politicians
People from Lisbon
21st-century Portuguese politicians
Chega politicians
Members of the Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)
Living people


I've decided that given my current employment circumstances I'd quite like a portfolio career. Apparently the phrase was coined in the eighties by management guru Charles Handy but in these straitened times the portfolio career is seeing a revival. And I want one.
Up until now I've been a steady Eddie. I've always had a job with a pay packet attached and someone else to sort out the stuff like tax and insurance and pension. I enjoy the security a steady job brings and I know that being self-employed is sometimes famine or feast. Luckily I'm sufficiently scrooge-like with my money to squirrel it away for a rainy day or for the taxman.
It then suggests that I look at where I've scored lower than two points. Apparently being a perfectionist is not a good thing for portfolio careerists. It can get you bogged down in minutiae when you should be off searching for that next contract. I need to work on my risk taking, my assertiveness and rather surprisingly, my boredom threshold. For the question 'I get bored easily,' I gave myself a 1 (strongly disagree.) Now my mother always taught me that only boring people get bored and I do like to stick at a project be it reading a book, finishing a piece of work or listening to one of Mr. R's interminable stories.
So I have some personal homework to do before I get the elbow in March. I'd like to write some more about portfolio careers but I'm bored now.
Ps: For the next two days I will be out of the office attending a course called 'How to become a consultant.' Portfolio career, here I come.
As many as half of all pupils are identified as having Special Educational Needs according to a report by Ofsted. Pupils simply need better teaching and improved pastoral care, the report says. Pull yourself together, stop snivelling about your dyslexia and knuckle down, old chap. Twenty extra spellings and a run around the playground should sort you out.
I remember a boy I taught in my year one class (5/6 year olds). He was struggling like mad with the curriculum but clearly had potential and needed extra support. Soon, I felt, he would become demotivated. And when you're demotivated by learning at five it's a long, hard slog back. If you ever make it.
When his dad came in I explained that I'd like to place his son at stage one of the SEN register. Much as some people think that teachers (perhaps as a staffroom game, accompanied by wine) pull names from a hat, chuck a random label at them (ADHD, dyslexic, ASD) and present it to the parents as a given, teachers need permission from the parents. The dad was concerned. As it turned out he was labelled remedial when he was at school and sent into the special class. Now we all know from our own schooldays what we called the remedials. And it wasn't nice. But once I explained that nowadays it simply meant his son would get some extra support- mainly from me, his own class teacher- and that the parents would be involved every step of the way, the dad was happy.
The little boy worked hard and got the supported start he needed, his parents supported him too and within in a year we took him off the SEN register.
Trying to get a pupil adequate support because they have a specific need is like wading through treacle, however. I taught another little boy who clearly had some very specific needs. I observed his behaviour and came to the conclusion that he was somewhere on the autistic spectrum. This was not an arbitrary label for the sake of having a diagnosis. I did my research, I spoke to teachers who taught pupils with ASD and watched as this little boy struggled to form relationships with his peers and hid paperclips and bluetac in his pockets. No picture or poster hung with bluetac was safe. His other obsession was switching off plugs and I got quite used to walking down to assembly behind this child and switching everything back on again with one hand and re-hanging pictures with the other.
If only I could get some specialist support for this boy, who was bright as a button, he'd be able to make progress. We called in the educational psychologist who agreed with our diagnosis but couldn't possible statement him because they'd used up that year's allocation of statements and one more would exceed the LA's targets. They sent in the behaviour support worker who suggested that I should talk to him more and play board games.
This is my experience of trying to get a child properly statemented and any parent who recognises that their own child has additional needs but has been dismissed for being fussy or demanding will understand.
Children need support that suits them and their needs. If they get that support they thrive at school. If not, then school must seem like hell. If children have supportive families they will benefit enormously but if the child has parents or carers who are intimidated by the complicated systems or have problems of their own to contend with then the journey is made so much more difficult for all involved.
So do these children just need better teaching or improved pastoral care? Every child deserves the best teaching and the best support.
Do they need to be removed from the SEN register? Only if it's in the very best interests of the child.


Peel Jerusalem artichokes and cut into 2-inch pieces. Peel potatoes and cut into 3/4-inch pieces. In a 5-quart kettle combine artichokes, potatoes, salt, and milk with enough water to cover vegetables by 2 inches and simmer until vegetables are tender, about 25 minutes. Drain vegetables in a colander and return to kettle. With a potato masher mash vegetables with butter and salt and pepper to taste until smooth. Vegetables may be made 3 days ahead and chilled, covered. Bring vegetables to room temperature before reheating, covered.


text:
Neculai se poate referi la:

Prenume

Nume de familie
 Viorica Neculai

Neculaie
 Ioan Neculaie

Altele
 Neculăieuca, comună în Raionul Orhei, Republica Moldova

Vezi și
 Nicolae (nume)
 Nicolai (nume)

Prenume masculine românești
Nume de familie românești


1 O-Ring - low pressure.
• The VENUS KEY valve, with full bore, has been designed to comply with European regulation EN331 covering gas ball valves. Its construction guarantees excellent reliability at low and very low pressures which are typical in gas installations.
The VENUS KEY series is mainly used in gas installations.
Its system with locking key, allows to lock the valve only in closed position.
Aluminium T-handle with locking key.


text:
A Stroll Through The Garden: Monarch decline
Eric Larson
A Stroll Through The Garden
Almost nine years ago some of the ladies at the bank, who were readers of our column, asked an important question. Where are the monarch butterflies? That was before the little bank closed. It seems that I have seen fewer and fewer monarchs over the past few years, which seemed right.
At the end of the monarchs' journey at a woodland preserve in Mexico east of the Rockies, over the past few years the monarchs occupied most of the 50 acres, which dropped to 2.94 acres in 2017. In population studies of the monarchs, this group also noted a 59% drop in the butterfly from 2014, which were the third straight decline and the lowest year in 20 recorded year; it continues now with an upturn.
In 2019, we were looking at several acres occupied by the monarchs, which helps me feel better. One of the ladies at the bank has a friend who works near one of the parks on Lake Erie and said earlier in 2014 that she would call her when the monarch migration was on. This lady's friend called her back that year and said the event was cancelled because they hadn't seen any. Now all of this I feel points to this — the monarch is still in danger and continues today.
This column is in response to a reader's question a few years ago and another asking about designing a back yard. They estimated from the reports that in the many acres the monarchs were at one billion insects in 1996.
In 2016 estimates were down to 100 million monarchs, and in 2017 estimates were at 78 million individuals. It seems that the 2019 season was kinder to the monarch butterfly. In September of 2018 gale forced winds and a storm hit the migration of the butterflies at the wrong time as the monarchs crossed Lake Erie near Maumee and killed many individuals.
The Lake Erie islands are an important funnel for this migration.
The monarch individual that begins the migration in Northern Canada does not make it all the way to Mexico and the Caribbean. This migration may take from two to four generations on its trip from the Ontario to Mexico, or there have been discovered that a few may overwinter in the Caribbean.
There are a number of generations of monarchs on this long journey — as many as four. One of the great puzzles of the butterfly world is as the butterfly travels south and lays its eggs and dies the next generation knows how to get to the next stop without missing a beat. How does this happen?
Loss of monarch habitat
One of the ordeals that this butterfly faces on its trip south is that their habitat has nearly disappeared. We've lost from 120 million to 150 million+ acres from the use of herbicides, which has almost destroyed milkweed and its relatives. This is not just the primary source of food for the monarch but the only source of food for the larvae. I saw another fence row being turned into a part of a larger field this week.
The genetically modified soybeans and corn have been engineered not to have problems with Roundup, and the farmers are applying enough herbicides to wipe out milkweed in the critical parts of our American Midwest that monarchs need. Milkweed and its relatives are the solitary plants that the monarch feeds. This alone is a challenge. It's important to read the solution below.
The drought in Texas in 2013 was serious and 2012 was the hottest year on record. Late winter storms in Mexico toppled many of the trees and severely damaged the Mexico habitat in 2017. Coupled with cold and wet weather, it was enough to kill many millions of Monarchs.
Weather conditions can have a significant effect on the monarchs but, as with most conditions like this, they are only temporary. This heat down south a few years ago has caused the monarch eggs to dry and the nectar in the milkweed also reduced. These are also serious conditions, but it also will pass.
One of the former issues that the monarchs may have faced that did contribute to their decline was that the forest around this reserve has been extensively timbered. In Mexico our monarchs perched on the trees that have been timbered out — now weakened even further. In Mexico the lumber harvests have been slowed dramatically and are now non-existent. That has reduced some of the monarch challenges, which can explain the turnaround.
But what does all of this mean to other species and should we look at the monarch as the canary in the birdcage that is lowered down a coal shaft as this butterfly disappears? Question is does anyone really care to modify the way they do business and have a desire to protect a migration that has been around for a long time? I don't know. Maybe the monarch butterfly will go the way of the passenger pigeon.
Plant milkweed to help monarchs
Studies are saying that we all need to be setting aside space in our gardens and allow weeds like this milkweed and their relatives to have a chance to survive. If we don't grow this plant, we may not see them much longer. Let me know if you would like to grow this weed in your yard, and we can give you some links that can help.
I hope that you have a good stroll through your garden this week and maybe think again in pulling that milkweed out of your garden. If you have a challenge in your garden this week, e-mail me at ewlarson546@yahoo.com. You can also comment on my blog from the links you would find on my website ohiohealthyfoodcooperative.org. I shall leave more info on the site soon. Thank you again.
Eric Lawson of Jeromesville is a veteran landscaper and gardening enthusiast and a founding board member of the Ohio Chapter of Association of Professional Landscape Designers. He encourages your gardening questions by sending an email to ewlarson546@yahoo.com.


You've been very successful getting people to your website by creating content and optimizing your website for search, but now what? Where are the conversions? You can be selling car parts, reusable water bottles, customized socks, or anything else you can think of – regardless of what you're selling, you have the same overarching goal as any other online store. That goal is to sell your products.
It's time to move consumers deeper down the sales funnel past the awareness stage because it's not just about getting people to your site anymore. In ecommerce, you want your users to engage with your website, and that means spending money.
In the consideration stage, shoppers have done their basic research and they have options to pick from. Now as they are shopping, they are looking for the option that stands out from the rest. Their other option might be another product on your site, or it might be a product from a competitor's website. Either way, you're going to want to gather information about your shoppers in this stage so you can use the metrics to develop a strategy to get them to the purchasing stage. Your goal might be to direct them to complete the purchase, purchase a product at a higher price point, or choose your store over a competitor.
Clicking the "Shop Now" CTA on your homepage. This metric shows that people got to your website, but now they have expressed interest in possibly making a purchase on your ecommerce website. If this metric is showing low numbers, you can create a more prominent call-to-action. This might be a change in copy, design, functionality, or all three. Using a program like hotjar can help you determine why users are not engaging with your CTA.
Adding products to the shopping cart without purchasing. This metric can tell you a lot about how shoppers are engaging with your website. If this metric is very low, it either means people aren't adding products to their cart or they are mostly purchasing– this can only be determined by looking further into you other ecommerce analytics. If this is a high percentage, you're going to want to implement new methods to drive shoppers into the purchasing stage. This might include offering discounts and other offers, or carrying out retargeting campaigns to those shoppers.
Email collection. If you have any type of email collection on your website, you should be tracking it. Setting a goal for this micro-conversion is important because it is showing you how many people are actually expressing interest in shopping with you in the future. This metric will not only help you gauge how successful your website is in capturing leads, but it also provides you with all of the information that you need to help you drive that customer further down the sales funnel.
Now how do you track these metrics, and any other micro-conversion goals that you set for yourself? First, begin with setting up a Google Analytics account for your website. Google Analytics is free to use and it tracks everything that you will ever need to know about your website and its performance.
Destination goals treat page views as a conversion.
Duration goals treat the length of session time as a conversion based on the minimum time you set.
Event goals treat any type of user interaction with your site as a conversion.
Page/Screens per session goals treat users who view more than the minimum pages you set as a conversion.
These are four very broad goal types that you can customize to create your own customized ecommerce micro-conversion goal, so virtually any action you want to track can easily be tracked with Google Analytics.
In this stage, the shopper is completing the purchase and converting into a customer. You have achieved your main goal, but you're work isn't done yet. At this point, you must determine if you saw a return on investment and if this purchase is actually profitable for your business.
Average order value (AOV) is how much a customer typically spends in a single order. You know your business better than anyone, so you should already have an idea of how much someone should typically be spending. If most of your products are between $7 - $10 and the AOV is $50, you can assume that most users are purchasing several items at a time. Use this information to adjust your digital marketing strategies. If AOV is lower than you want it, implement an element on your website that shows recommended products or offer discounts to shoppers in order to upsell.
Cost per acquisition (CPA) is a metric that you can use to measure the impact of your marketing campaigns. The simplest way to find this number begins with linking your Google Ads and Google Analytics accounts together. You can learn how to do that here. From there, you're going to look under in the acquisition section to find your campaigns. This is where you can sort through the efficiencies of your campaign and determine ecommerce conversion rates, number of transactions, and revenue. Your CPA is going to be the cost of your marketing campaign divided by the the number of transactions. With the revenue data, you can also determine your return on investment (ROI) for the campaign.
Once you've acquired new customers, you're going to want to work to retain them. Retaining a customer can be from five to 25 times more profitable than acquiring a new one, according to the Harvard Business Review. Using Google Analytics, check your audience overview to see the overall percentage of new vs. returning users. This will give you an idea of how many people are returning to your website, but not necessarily who's returning to make a purchase.
Creating audience segments will allow you to track new vs. returning users for many different metrics. Google shows you have to create custom audience segments here. This is a surefire way to see how many of your customers are repeat customers. From this information, you can develop marketing strategies aimed at retention. Depending on your ecommerce business, there are many different tactics you can do. For example, if you're selling a product that is used and replenished often (razors, laundry detergent, or paper towels), offer a convenient subscription service. Amazon is successful at this strategy with their "Subscribe & Save" discounts on these types of products if you sign up for repeat deliveries.
Now that you are equipped with several different ecommerce metrics, set up your Google Analytics account and begin tracking them immediately. The quicker you gain this important insight on your online store, the quicker you can get started on putting that data to work. There are many different digital marketing strategies that you can put into place on your ecommerce website that will help drive shoppers down the sales funnel into making a purchase, and this newfound data will help you determine which to implement.
You can learn more about these digital marketing strategies from the ecommerce experts at Electric Enjin. See how we can help your online store grow today with our ecommerce services.


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The 2013 Pritzker Architecture Prize Winner – Toyo Ito
Architecture / Design News
Dedece
Toyo Ito of Japan is the 2013 Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate
The recipient of the 2013 Pritzker Architecture Prize is Toyo Ito, a 71 year old architect based in Tokyo, Japan. It was announced by Thomas J. Pritzker, chairman of The Hyatt Foundation which sponsors the prize.
"Toyo Ito is a creator of timeless buildings, who at the same time boldly chart new paths."
The criteria for eligibility for the Pritzker Architecture Prize dictates an individual must be "…a living architect whose built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment, which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture."
Ito's work has little recognisable style to it. Unlike, the fluid lines of a Zaha Hadid building or the explosive energy of a Frank Gehry structure, a Toyo Ito design is characterised not by a personal preference for aesthetics but instead by his continiued strive for innovation. After years of being overlooked for the most prestigious architectural award, that pioneering spirit has finally earned him the Pritzker prize.
The Pritzker jury said in its citation published this week, "His architecture projects an air of optimism, lightness and joy and is infused with both a sense of uniqueness and universality."
Glenn Murcutt, Pritzker Juror – For nearly 40 years, Toyo Ito has pursued excellence. His work has not remained static and has never been predictable. He has been an inspiration and influenced the thinking of younger generations of architects both within his land and abroad.
Always thoughtful in his response to a brief, Ito is rare in that he carefully considers the spiritual dimension of a building in his response. The resulting bold design comes from a surprisingly simple philosophy.
On his role, Ito says:
"An architect is someone who can make such places for meager meals show a little more humanity, make them a little more beautiful, a little more comfortable."
Ito is the sixth Japanese architect to become a Pritzker Laureate — the first five being the late Kenzo Tange in 1987, Fumihiko Maki in 1993, Tadao Ando in 1995, and the team of Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa in 2010.
From Left: Tange 1987, Maki 1993, Ando 1995, and Sejima and Nishizawa 2010.
The formal ceremony for what has come to be known throughout the world as architecture's highest honor will be at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum in Boston, Massachusetts on Wednesday, May 29. This marks the first time the ceremony has been held in Boston, and the location has particular significance because it was designed by another Pritzker Laureate, Ieoh Ming Pei who received the prize in 1983.
John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum in Boston, Massachusetts
In making the announcement, Pritzker elaborated, "We are particularly pleased to be holding our ceremony at the Kennedy Library, and it is even more significant because the date is John F. Kennedy's birthday."
The purpose of the Pritzker Architecture Prize, which was founded in 1979 by the late Jay A. Pritzker and his wife, Cindy, is to honor annually a living architect whose built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment, which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture. The laureates receive a $100,000 grant and a bronze medallion.
Jay A. Pritzker and his wife, Cindy
Pritzker Prize jury chairman, The Lord Palumbo, spoke from his home in the United Kingdom, quoting from the jury citation that focuses on the reasons for this year's choice: "Throughout his career, Toyo Ito has been able to produce a body of work that combines conceptual innovation with superbly executed buildings. Creating outstanding architecture for more than 40 years, he has successfully undertaken libraries, houses, parks, theaters, shops, office buildings and pavilions, each time seeking to extend the possibilities of architecture. A professional of unique talent, he is dedicated to the process of discovery that comes from seeing the opportunities that lie in each commission and each site."
Toyo Ito made this comment in reaction to winning the prize:
"Architecture is bound by various social constraints. I have been designing architecture bearing in mind that it would be possible to realize more comfortable spaces if we are freed from all the restrictions even for a little bit. However, when one building is completed, I become painfully aware of my own inadequacy, and it turns into energy to challenge the next project. Probably this process must keep repeating itself in the future."
"Therefore, I will never fix my architectural style and never be satisfied with my works," he concluded.
Toyo Ito began working in the firm of Kiyonori Kikutake & Associates after he graduated from Tokyo University's Department of Architecture in 1965. In 1971, he founded his own studio in Tokyo, and named it Urban Robot (Urbot). In 1979, he changed the name to Toyo Ito & Associates, Architects.
He has received numerous international awards, including in 2010, the 22nd Praemium Imperiale in Honor of Prince Takamatsu; and in 2006, The Royal Institute of British Architects' Royal Gold Medal; and in 2002, the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement for 8th Venice Biennale International Exhibition. Calling him a "creator of timeless buildings," the Pritzker Jury cites Ito for "infusing his designs with a spiritual dimension and for the poetics that transcend all his works."
One of his first projects in 1971 was a home in a suburb of Tokyo. Called "Aluminum House," the structure consisted of wooden frame completely covered in aluminum. Most of his early works were residences. In 1976, he produced a home for his sister, who had recently lost her husband. The house was called "White U" and generated a great deal of interest in Ito's works. Of most of his work in the 1980's, Ito explains that he was seeking to erase conventional meaning from his works through minimalist tactics, developing lightness in architecture that resembles air and wind.
Toyo Ito- Aluminum House 1971
Toyo Ito- White U 1980
Toyo Ito- White U (Interior) 1980
He calls the Sendai Mediatheque, completed in 2001 in Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan, one of the high points of his career. In the Phaidon book, Toyo Ito, he explains, "The Mediatheque differs from conventional public buildings in many ways. While the building principally functions as a library and art gallery, the administration has actively worked to relax divisions between diverse programs, removing fixed barriers between various media to progressively evoke an image of how cultural facilities should be from now on."
Sendai Mediatheque, completed in 2001 in Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
The jury commented on this project in their citation, saying, "Ito has said that he strives for architecture that is fluid and not confined by what he considers to be the limitations of modern architecture. In the Sendai Mediatheque he achieved this by structural tubes, which permitted new interior spatial qualities."
Another of Ito's projects commented on by the jury is the TOD'S Omotesando building in Tokyo, "where the building skin also serves as structure," to quote the jury citation, and further, "Innovative is a word often used to describe Toyo Ito's works." Citing the Municipal Funeral Hall in Gifu Prefecture, Tokyo's Tama Art University Library, and London's 2002 Serpentine Gallery Pavilion, the jury calls attention to some "of his many inspiring spaces."
The Ito office provides its own description of the project:
"Trees are natural objects that stand by themselves, and their shape has an inherent structural rationality. The pattern of overlapping tree silhouettes also generates a rational flow of forces. Having adapted the branched tree diagram, the higher up the building, the thinner and more numerous the branches become, with a higher ration of openings. Similarly, the building unfolds as interior spaces with slightly different atmospheres relating to the various intended uses."
Rejecting the obvious distinctions between walls and opening, lines and planes, two- and three dimensions, transparency and opaqueness, this building is characterized by a distinctive type of abstractness. The tree silhouette creates a new image with a constant tension generated between the building's symbolic concreteness and its abstractness. For this project, we (Ito and his staff) intended to create a building that through its architectural newness expresses both the vivid presence of a fashion brand and strength in the cityscape that will withstand the passage of time."
TOD'S Omotesando building in Tokyo
The distinguished jury that selected the 2013 Pritzker Laureate consists of its chairman, The Lord Palumbo, internationally known architectural patron of London, chairman of the trustees, Serpentine Gallery, former chairman of the Arts Council of Great Britain, former chairman of the Tate Gallery Foundation, and former trustee of the Mies van der Rohe Archive at The Museum of Modern Art, New York; and alphabetically: Alejandro Aravena, architect and executive director of Elemental in Santiago, Chile; Stephen Breyer, U.S. Supreme Court Justice, Washington, D.C.; Yung Ho Chang, architect and educator, Beijing, The People's Republic of China; Glenn Murcutt, architect and 2002 Pritzker Laureate of Sydney, Australia; and Juhani Pallasmaa, architect, professor and author of Helsinki, Finland. Martha Thorne, associate dean for external relations, IE School of Architecture & Design, Madrid, Spain, is the executive director of the prize.
In addition to the previous laureates already mentioned, the first Pritzker Laureate in 1979 was the late Philip Johnson .
The late Luis Barragán of Mexico was named in 1980.
The late James Stirling was elected in 1981, Kevin Roche in 1982, Ieoh Ming Pei in 1983, Richard Meier in 1984, Hans Hollein in 1985, Gottfried Böhm in 1986, Gordon Bunshaft in 1988, Frank Gehry in 1989, Aldo Rossi in 1990. Robert Venturi received the honor in 1991, Alvaro Siza in 1992, Christian de Portzamparc in 1994, Rafael Moneo in 1996, Sverre Fehn in 1997, Renzo Piano in 1998, Sir Norman Foster in 1999, and in 2000, Rem Koolhaas. Swiss architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron in 2001, Glenn Murcutt in 2002. The late Jørn Utzon of Denmark was honored in 2003; Zaha Hadid of the UK in 2004 was the first women honored and Thom Mayne in 2005. Paulo Mendes da Rocha in 2006, Richard Rogers in 2007, Jean Nouvel in 2008. Peter Zumthor in 2009, Eduardo Souto de Moura in 2011 and last year, Wang Shu of The People's Republic of China became the laureate.
The field of architecture was chosen by the Pritzker family because of their keen interest in building due to their involvement with developing the Hyatt Hotels around the world, and because architecture was a creative endeavor not included in the Nobel Prizes. The procedures were modeled after the Nobels, with the final selection being made by the international jury with all deliberations and voting in secret. Nominations are continuous from year to year with hundreds of nominees from countries all around the world being considered each year.
TOYO ITO BIOGRAPHY
Toyo Ito was born on June 1, 1941 in Keijo, Korea.
His father was a business man with a special interest in the early ceramic ware of the Yi Dynasty of Korea and Japanese style paintings.
He also was a sports fan of baseball and golf. In 1943, Ito, his mother, and his two elder sisters moved back to Japan.
Two years later, his father returned to Japan as well, and they all lived in his father's hometown of Shimosuwa-machi in Nagano Prefecture.
His father died in 1953, when he was 12.
After that the rest of family operated a miso (bean paste) making factory.
At present, all but one sister who is three years older than Ito, have died.
Ito established his own architecture office in 1971, and the following year he married. His wife died in 2010.
They had one daughter who is now 40 and is editing Vogue Nippon.
In his youth, Ito admits to not having a great interest in architecture.
There were several early influences however. His grandfather was a lumber dealer, and his father liked to draw plans for his friends' houses.
When Ito was a freshman in high school, his mother asked the early Modernist architect, Yoshinobu Ashihara, who had just returned to Japan from the U.S. where he worked at Marcel Breuer's office, to design their home in Tokyo. He was in the third grade of junior high school when he moved to Tokyo and went to Hibiya High School.
At the time, he never dreamed he would become an architect—his passion was baseball. It was while attending the University of Tokyo that architecture became his main interest. For his undergraduate diploma design, he submitted a proposal for the reconstruction of Ueno Park, which won the top prize of the University of Tokyo.
Toyo Ito began working in the firm of Kiyonori Kikutake & Associates after he graduated from Tokyo University's Department of Architecture in 1965.
By 1971, he was ready to start his own studio in Tokyo, and named it Urban Robot (Urbot).
In 1979, he changed the name to Toyo Ito & Associates, Architects.In delivering the Kenneth Kassler lecture at Princeton University in 2009, Ito explained his general thoughts on architecture:
"The natural world is extremely complicated and variable, and its systems are fluid – it is built on a fluid world. In contrast to this, architecture has always tried to establish a more stable system. To be very simplistic, one could say that the system of the grid was established in the twentieth century. This system became popular throughout the world, as it allowed a huge amount of architecture to be built in a short period of time."
However, it also made the world's cities homogenous. One might even say that it made the people living and working there homogenous too. In response to that, over the last ten years, by modifying the grid slightly I have been attempting to find a way of creating relationships that bring buildings closer to their surroundings and environment." Ito amends that last thought to "their natural environment."
After designing critically-acclaimed buildings like Sendai Mediatheque, Ito became an architect of international importance during the early-2000s leading to projects throughout Asia, Europe, North America and South America. Ito designed the Main Stadium for the 2009 World Games in Kaohsiung and the under-construction Taichung Metropolitan Opera House, both in Taiwan.
Main Stadium for the 2009 World Games in Kaohsiung designed by Toyo Ito
In Europe, Ito and his firm renovated the façade of the Suites Avenue Apartments with striking stainless steel waves and, in 2002, designed the celebrated temporary Serpentine Pavilion Gallery in London's Hyde Park.
Suites Avenue Apartments designed by Toyo Ito
Other projects during this time include the White O residence in Marbella, Chile and the never-built University of California, Berkeley Art Museum/Pacific Film Archive in California.
White O residence in Marbella, Chile
TOYO ITO'S PROJECTS
Yatsushiro Municipal Museum, 1991
The city of Yatsushiro is known in Japan as a home for exemplary architecture – the legacy at least in part of Artpolis, a plan by the government of the Kumamoto Prefecture to seek out a range of talented architects to design cultural buildings in the cities of the region. Though the Artpolis scheme has been running for the past 22 years, perhaps its most successful building was completed back in 1991, with the construction of Toyo Ito's Yatsushiro Municipal Museum.
The selection of Toyo Ito for this particular project was seen as particularly risky, considering his commitment to contemporary and often technological design, as the site is directly opposite the historic Shohinken Villa and near to the ruins of Yatsushiro Castle. However, Ito did not shy away from his progressive convictions, designing a sleek glass pavilion with a complex, billowing steel canopy.
Interior of the Yatsushiro Municipal Museum, 1991
Though the museum contains two floors, the earth around the building was raised into a mound to give the appearance of a single story structure sat atop a small hill. Above the undulating roof is a horizontal half-cylinder, which provides storage for museum pieces. The logic for this move was that the high water-table on the site would make the common practice of placing storage in a basement too much of a risk.Fellow Japanese architect Kengo Kuma praised the museum, saying that it was "not only a critique of the 'heavy and strong' Western model of architecture, but also of these simplistic 'traditional Japanese' buildings, which are far removed from the true spirit of Japanese tradition."
Odate Dome, 1997
The Odate Dome in the Akita Prefecture of Japan was completed by Toyo Ito in June 1997. The project is another example of the architect's impressive canon, making use of cutting edge technology and bringing architecture closer to people. Seemingly floating a few meters above the ground, the dome leaves space for the people to flow in comfortably, while the use of wood is itself a way of bringing nature into architecture while adopting the latest technological advancements.
The rural setting of the Dome
The dome boasts a lavish height of 52 meters running 178 meters along the major axis and 157 meters along the minor axis. It is built of a combination of steel and wood, its ground floor left uncovered to reveal the columns that carry the dome and create a sense of transparency between the interior and the surrounding. Even the glass facade on the ground floor is pushed inside so that the dome appears to hover above the space it shelters.
The interior of the dome
Aita Japanese cedar wood was used, which is grown in the region and was transported in modern efficient methods. The 25,000 laminated wood planks are glued together and harvested and processed in an efficient manner for the construction of the dome. The focus of the interior is on the space created by this sheltering dome, in which the wood plays a crucial role, the comfort and warmth it brings along beautifully embracing by the space.
Sumo wrestling inside the Dome
Clearly, the dome is interpreted by Toyo Ito not as a structure to merely host an event, but rather as a space tailored to welcome large amounts of people and assure them comfort and pleasure. The building hosts sports games including baseball and soccer, but also various events and performances. It receives a reasonable amount of natural light, ventilates in summer and averts monsoon winds in winter, and most importantly speaks to its surrounding through a transparent ground floor level that subtly but reassuringly carries the structure above it.
Serpentine Gallery Pavilion, 2002
Toyo Ito, recipient of the Pritzker Prize 2013, along with Cecil Balmond and Arup were in charge of the design of the Serpentine Gallery Pavilion back in 2002. What appeared to be an extremely complex random pattern was in fact derived from an algorithm of gba cube that expanded as it rotated. The intersecting lines formed different triangles and trapezoids, whose transparency and translucency gave a sense of infinitely repeated motion.
The Tower Of Winds, 2002
The Tower of Winds is a project largely indicative of Toyo Ito's approach to architecture, particularly his belief in the importance of technology and its vital role in the future of architecture. The project not only embraces technology and involves it in a dialogue with the city, but also establishes a direct symbolic relationship between nature and the installation.
The Tower Of Winds, 2002 at night
By day the tower, clad in perforated aluminum panels, reflects the city through the reflective surfaces covering the steel core. The project is rather humble, literally reflecting the city through the complexity of its material. Come night time, the Tower of Winds takes a more pro-active role, translating sound and wind into light through two computers sensing the varying wind and noise levels and accordingly powering 1300 lamps, 12 neon rings, and 30 flood lights at its base.
The tower is constantly transforming, its small lamps changing colors according the surrounding sounds and its neon rings rippling according to the winds of the city. As a result there is no pattern since the display of light is a direct representation of the environment, portrayed on a 21 meter high cylindrical surface.
The project sits as a technological sculpture, welcoming travelers arriving at the rail way station of Yokohama, and oddly enough housing water tanks serving air conditioning machinery for an underground mall that it sits atop. Toyo Ito creates an infinite relationship between technology, architecture, the city, and its inhabitants emphasizing the profound impact of the city on the human race and the crucial role of technology in architecture.
Tower of Wind showing some of the different stages of lighting effects
Toyo Ito was awarded the 1987 Edwin Guth Memorial Award of Excellence from America's Illumination Engineering Society for this project, which is credited for its tribute to cosmopolitanism. Ito was awarded the project upon winning a competition in which his success is attributed to the ability to convert a purely technical structure into an iconic landmark for the city.
Matsumoto Performing Arts Centre, 2004
Matsumoto Performing Arts Centre, located in a dense suburban neighbourhood
Nestling in a densely inhabited neighbourhood of the city of Matsumoto, the Japanese architect's newly inaugurated Performing Arts Centre boldly rearranges traditional circulation patterns to meet the restrictions of an exceptionally narrow site. The result is a sinuous, embryonic form that delicately interacts with its surroundings.
A hand sketch by Toyo Ito of the entrance of the Performing arts centre
Matsumoto Performing Arts Centre stands on the site of the old Civic Culture Hall in the heart of the city, some fifteen minutes from Matsumoto Station. The main façade overlooks a residential area; the adjacent Shinto shrine adds a note of greenery to the site. Ito's competition proposal responded to the stringent environmental conditions almost magically through the spatial composition on plan.
By situating the fly-tower in the middle of the building and reversing the stage and the audience seating, deliveries can be handled more efficiently while significantly reducing the volume of truck noise for the surrounding community.
Likewise, the curvature of the building's exterior wall is skirted by the seating of the Grand Hall with its horseshoe-shaped balconies and enclosing ring of dressing rooms. That said, the basic skeleton of the plan consists in its entry-stair-foyer flow, a baroque spatial scheme that serves to heighten the "drama of entrance" in adrenaline-coursing curves. The Ito proposal has the audience enter to the left and proceed around the back of the space.
Interior of Main Hall
Better to picture the plan as an embryo in the womb. (Such a shape is even used in the Centre's logo3. In Japan, opera house spaces – our National Theatres included – are also required to function virtually simultaneously as music halls and small theatres.
The Matsumoto Performing Arts Centre has a traditional European-scale opera hall space with four tiers of balconies, though a unique lowering feature in the ceiling helps "contract" the space so as to accommodate smaller productions both in terms of acoustics and audience capacity. Moreover, the "four-square stage" plan allows the back of the stage to be transformed into an Experimental Theatre, complete with folding banked seating. It is doubtful that those entering from the so-called "Theatre Park" lobby will even realise that they are backstage at the opera.
main entrance to Threatre
The embryo-shaped space that connects and envelops both theatres is also a flat slab-built "tabula rasa" raised on slender round columns. In marked contrast to such intense spaces are the Grand and Small Halls with their perfect acoustics, consummate lighting and air conditioning, this space completely lacks architectural metaphors or programmes.
It is designed to let viewers, actors, performers and directors alike float in an undefined environment – although it conceals the possibility of some creative production suddenly turning the place into a theatre space for a single night. Ito has said, "I want to create flat spaces free of hierarchies."
Municipal Funeral Hall, 2006
Municipal Funeral Hall
"The roof of the "Meiso no mori" (forest of meditation) crematorium seems to float above the ground with a quality of lightness not necessarily associated with reinforced concrete. Built in the park-like cemetery at Kakamigahara, a town of 150,000 inhabitants in the prefecture of Gifu, the building nestles between wooded hills on the south and a small artificial lake on the north side. As the old crematorium on this site was to be demolished, Toyo Ito was free to realise his idea of a funeral hall not constrained by religious content. Ito wanted to create a place for quiet reflection, a space whose organic language of forms would suggest a closeness to nature. The 20 cm thin roof, made up of concave and convex forms, flows into twelve tapered columns; its weight is also borne on the two-storey core."
Views from the mediation rooms in Municipal Funeral Hall
Tama Art University Library, 2007
This is a library for an art university located in the suburbs of Tokyo. Passing through the main entrance gate, the site lies behind a front garden with small and large trees, and stretches up a gentle slope.
The existing cafeteria was the sole place in the university shared by both students and staff members across all disciplines, so the first impetus for the design was to question how an institution as specialised as a library could provide an open commonality for all.
Tama Art University Library
The first idea was for a wide open gallery on the ground level that would serve as an active thoroughfare for people crossing the campus, even without intending to go to the library.To let the flows and views of these people freely penetrate the building, the structure of randomly placed arches would create the sensation as if the sloping floor and the front garden's scenery were continuing within the building.
The characteristic arches are made out of steel plates covered with concrete. In plan these arches are arranged along curved lines which cross at several points. The arches are extremely slender at the bottom and still support the heavy live loads of the floor above. The spans of the arches vary from 1.8 to 16 metres, but the width is kept uniformly at 200mm.
Interior of Tama Art University Library
The intersections of the rows of arches help to articulate softly separated zones within this one space. Shelves and study desks of various shapes, glass partitions that function as bulletin boards, etc., give these zones a sense of both individual character and visual as well as spatial continuity.
On the sloped ground level, a movie-browser like a bar counter and a large glass table for the latest issues of magazines invite students to spend their time waiting for the bus in the library.
Climbing the stairs to the second floor, one finds large art books on low bookshelves crossing under the arches. Between these shelves are study desks of various sizes. A large table with a state-of-art copy machine allows users to do professional editing work.
The spatial diversity one experiences when walking through the arches different in span and height changes seamlessly from a cloister-like space filled with natural light, to the impression of a tunnel that cannot be penetrated visually.
The new library is a place where everyone can discover their style of "interacting" with books and film media as if they were walking through a forest or in a cave; a new place of arcade-like spaces where soft mutual relations form by simply passing through; a focal centre where a new sense of creativity begins to spread throughout the art university's campus.
Architecture Museum 2011
Architecture Museum
The recently-opened Toyo Ito Architecture Museum on Omishima, a small island that dots Japan's Seto Inland Sea, is comprised of two structures: the Steel Hut, a trapezoidal configuration of black steel that rises from a hillcrest overlooking the ocean, and the nearby Silver Hut, a humble vaulted pavilion that recalls the elegance of the lightwight and prefabricated structures of Japan and Europe's post-war period. The formal language of the Steel Hut, which has its roots in the geometric cosmology of Buckminster Fuller's space frames and dymaxion maps, Louis Kahn's City Tower proposal, Moshe Safdie's post-collegiate megastructural projects, not to mention Ito's own early work, rebukes the flowing abstract fields that characterize the current Japanese architectural scene.
The Steel Hut in the foreground with the Architecture Museum in the background
That isn't to say that Ito's museum is out of place in Japan's architectural culture–it's decidely Japanese, with its polyhedral massing channeling the country's technofuturist eccentricities, its illustrious Metabolist past, and even, its former shipbuilding dominance. Ito himself described the museum as a "sea-worthy vessel. Like a ship embarking from the port city of Imabari with a cargo of dreams of architecture for the future, the museum is setting sail on a new voyage into the unknown."
The trapezoidal composition of the structure
The museum is a poignant affirmation of Ito's celebrated career. His most famous buildings, including the perforated Mikimoto Ginza tower and the fluid-like Taichung Opera House, now under construction, are all present–represented in miniature and in other forms–collected together in the architectural equivalent of a warm embrace.
The Interior of the Museum of Architecture
Venice Biennale 2012: Architecture. Possible here? Home-for-all / Japan Pavilion
The Japan Pavilion for the Venice Biennale (designed by Takamasa Yoshizaka in 1956) presented the exhibit "Architecture. Possible here? Home-for-all", curated by Toyo Ito, with the participation of architectural photographer Naoya Hatakeyama, and architects Kumiko Inui, Sou Fujimoto and Akihisa Hirata.
Venice Biennale 2012: Architecture. "Home-for-all"
The exhibition, which was awarded with the Gold Lion at the Biennale, takes us through the process where these three emerging architects collaborated with Toyo Ito to design the "Home-for-all", a project for the inhabitants of Rikuzentakata who lost their homes during the tsunami in 2011.
In the walls we find Hatakeyama's photos from before and after the tsunami, along with a visual registry of the architects visiting the location. Around the pavilion, several study models reveal the process to design this unique type of house.
The jury stated at the award ceremony that "the presentation and the storytelling in the Pavilion are exceptional and highly accessible to a broad audience. The jury was impressed with the humanity of this project."
Immediately post-quake Ito proposed a project known as Home-for-All: an attempt to provide places where those who've lost their homes in the tsunami can enjoy a little breathing space – a place to meet, talk, eat and drink together.
Those living in the temporary housing erected in the disaster zone may at least have secured a minimum of privacy, but having lost their former communities, are compelled to live an isolated existence. Dwellings are small and thus unsociable.
Even just to talk to the next-door neighbors requires standing outside on a bare gravel road. It struck me that we could supply small wooden buildings, places for people to gather, in a corner of these temporary housing sites, and I launched a campaign to do so. Soliciting funds from companies and organizations around the world, the idea is also to have manufacturers supply the materials free of charge.
One characteristic of Home-for-All is the way in which those "making" the facilities and those "living" in them join together to discuss the project during the design and building process. Listening to the wishes of people living in temporary housing, sympathetic students and designers, tradesmen involved in the construction work, and residents cooperate to make them reality. Admittedly small in scale, the greatest significance of the Home-for-All project lies in its realization through this meeting of minds and hearts.
As Ito says in Toyo Ito – Forces of Nature published by Princeton Architectural Press:
"The relief centers offer no privacy and scarcely enough room to stretch out and sleep, while the hastily tacked up temporary housing units are little more than rows of empty shells: grim living conditions either way. Yet even under such conditions, people try to smile and make do…. They gather to share and communicate in extreme circumstances – a moving vision of community at its most basic. Likewise, what we see here are very origins of architecture, the minimal shaping of communal spaces."
Recently, Ito has also thought of his legacy, as apparent by the museum of architecture that bears his name on the small island of Omishima in the Seto Inland Sea. Also designed by Ito, the museum opened in 2011 and showcases his past projects as well as serving as a workshop for young architects. Two buildings comprise the complex, the main building "Steel Hut" and the nearby "Silver Hut," which is a recreation of the architect's former home in Tokyo, built in 1984.
Pritzker Prize 2010 winner – Architects Ryue Nishizawa, Kazuyo Sejima SANAA
"For architecture that is simultaneously delicate and powerful, precise and fluid, ingenious but not overly or overtly clever, Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa are the recipients of the 2010 Pritzker Architecture Prize."
Wang Shu – Pritzker Prize winner, 2012
http://www.e-architect.co.uk/architects/wang_shu_amateur_architecture_studio.htm Wang Shu, the chinese national architect of the Hangzhou-based practice " Amateur Architecture Studio…
Glenn Murcutt – the Pritzker Prize winning "Tin Man"
Glenn Murcutt is an architect, a designer, a subject of the scholarly work of many,…
2012 WMF / Knoll Modernism Prize winner
Completed between 1956-1958, the cluster-style architecture of Hizuchi Elementary School represents a hybrid of modernism and traditionalism.
Modernist features such as the rational spatial design, use of dual facade windows, and a long glass exterior hallway that connected the entire school, are juxtaposed with the use of a traditional Japanese material: wood, in the construction
World Monuments Fund ( WMF ) announced that it will award its 2014 World Monuments Fund / Knoll Modernism Prize to the Finnish Committee for the Restoration of Viipuri Library in Vyborg, Russia.
Designed by Alvar Aalto and constructed between 1927 and 1935 in what was then the Finnish city of Viipuri, the library reflects the emergence of Aalto's distinctive combination of organic form and materials with the principles of clear functionalist expression that was to become the hallmark of his architecture.
Glen Murcutt – Architecture for Place Exhibition
Glenn Murcutt is Australia's most internationally recognised architect.
This exhibition at the "Gallery of Design" profiles a selection of his built work and, through his drawings, his working methods.
Kreon @ Light and Build, Frankfurt 2010
Kreon's 300 sqm booth ( their largets to date ) was extremely successful having received thousands…
Gelato Master Class at MOST @ Salone Milan 2012
MOST visitors have the opportunity to participate in daily "sweet" workshops organised by Carpigiani Gelato…
Make Room – the "Land Peel"
By necessity, the Japanese have an intuition for space-saving design that shines in their products…
The Cherner Chair Company @ dedece
Norman Cherner (1920-1987) was truly a renaissance man of the midcentury-modern movement — his devotion to teaching, prefabrication and hands-on production probably handicapped him in the race to get into the pantheon of mid century greats.
Cherner is recognized as one of the most original of a generation of designers that explored post-war technological innovations in industrial design and architecture.
Wrap Spaces in Zona Tortona @ Salone Milan 2012
To get to Wrap Spaces small Via Tortona exhibition space – you just had to…
Paola Lenti [pt 1/5] @ Salone Milan 2017
During the Milan International Design Week Paola Lenti present its new collections in a new venue in via Orobia 15 – an old and fascinating production site dating back to the last century.


text:
Q: Is it possible to create a Pre-defined Range Filter Facet in ElasticSearch? I have a need to have a Predefined Range filter facet. The Range filter will be for a school's grade range. I want K-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-12, Everyone. My records have MinGrade and MaxGrade fields. They can have values K, 1, 2... ,12 or Everyone.I figured I might use a range filter. But I could not figure out how to use 2 different fields combined, to fall into the predefined ranges above.
Any suggestions? I hope this makes sense.
I want the facet output to look like this....

*

*K-2 (xxx)

*3-5 (xxx)

*6-8 (xxx)

*9-12 (xxx)

*Everyone else (xxx)

Since I changed to 1 DB column, I have the range query working, Also curious if it is possible to add a custom Label like below "facets": {
                  "Grade": {
                      "range": {
                            "field": "Grade",
                            "ranges": [
                                {"label" : "K-2", "gte": 0, "lte": 2},
                                {"label" : "3-5", "gte": 3, "lte": 5},
                                {"label" : "6-8", "gte": 6, "lte": 8},
                                {"label" : "9-12", "gte": 9, "lte": 12},
                                {"label" : "Above 12", "gte": 13}
                            ]
                        }
                  }
           }

A: From the comment back-and-forth I believe I understand what you want.
I.e.:
a record A may be shown for every grade between minGrade  and maxGrade.
For example:
a record 123 may be shown for every grade between minGrade = 2  and maxGrade = 6.
Queries:

*

*for a given grade x, return all records for which minGrade <= x <= maxGrade

*asked here I believe: for a given range on grade, say [x1. x2], determine all records that have a non-empty overlap given their range [minGrade, maxGrade]
as follows:

*

*Given grade x (in pseudo code): minGrade <= x AND x <= maxGrade

*You need to construct separate filter-facets for each bucket. e.g.: for 6-8 you could do either 1 of the following:

*

*(minGrade <= 6 AND 6 <= maxGrade) OR (minGrade <= 8 AND 8 <= maxGrade)

*(6 <= minGrade AND minGrade <= 8) OR (6 <= maxGrade AND maxGrade <= 8)
2.2. could be implemented using 2 rangeQueries: 1 on mingrade and 1 on maxgrade combined with an OR
So an example 1 of filter facet could be (untested):
    {
        "facets": {
            "grade_6-8": {
                "filter": {
                    "or": [{
                        "range": {
                            "minGrade": {
                                "gte": 6,
                                "lte": 8
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    {
                        "range": {
                            "maxGrade": {
                                "gte": 6,
                                "lte": 8
                            }
                        }
                    }]
                }
            }
        }
    }

EDIT: the above is a:

*

*facet called grade_6-8

*of type "filter facet"

*that contains a or- filter

*which in turn contains 2 range filters . 1 for minGrade and 1 for maxGrade.

*NOTE You should repeat this for all the ranges you need separately

EDIT 2
when defining only 1 Grade per document instead of minGrade and maxGrade the solution changes. It becomes possible to do this with a simple rangequery. Something like:
    {
        "query": {
            "match_all": {}
        },
        "facets": {
            "grade_ranges": {
                "range": {
                    "field": "grade",
                    "ranges": [{
                        "to": 2
                    }, {
                        "from": 3,
                        "to": 5
                    }, {
                        "from": 6,
                        "to": 8
                    }, {
                        "from": 9,
                        "to": 12
                    }, {
                        "from": 13
                    }]
                }
            }
        }
    }

If this isn't what you're after please be more specific what you want.


Can it get us to where we need to be ?
A full holistic assessment of the interconnected world that your service will operate within so as to identify the implications and impact of introducing this new capability via the defined initiative on each critical party and the environment or sector itself.
Assessment of how to achieve the intended journey endpoint faster with less effort and expenditure by leveraging the opportunities identified during the process to deliver more for less.
Assessment of how to achieve a new and more expansive journey endpoint and position the organization in a more powerful and sustainable position by capturing the high ground in this interconnected world where contestability is an inherent aspect of the environment.
Activity. A set of interviews with the senior managers of the organization in question as well as any other critical leaders within the sector in question, including brain storming session, multiple interviews & assessment of all available information plus any additional research.
Outcome. Include identification of the critical alignments of everything that matters for sustainability, the impact of this equation upon your own journey, identification of the critical interdependencies and their influence upon your service getting to where it needs to be.
Cost. From two to six weeks depending upon the scale and scope of the requirement.


Are some species more worthy of conservation than others?
Due to anthropogenic activities, the present rate of extinction rise is taking place at nearly 1000 times that of then natural background level of extinction observed from the fossil record. Conservation biology traditionally focuses on preventing extinctions, This magnitude of species decline far outweighs the amount of resources available to conservation in saving each one. As we become more aware of the growing list of species at imminent danger of extinction, the longstanding perspective in conservation that all species are equally worth saving, is being replaced by conservation triage, the need to allocate our scarce resources in the most efficient and effective way possible to secure those species that produce greatest conservation benefits. But can we really place a higher conservation value on one species over another? There is a growing body of prioritisation assessments that have applied the principles of triage to the allocation of conservation resources. The methods most often advocated in the literature consider the ecological function, phylogenetic distinctiveness, risk of extinction or cost of required conservation effort of a particular species. This essay will address each of these values in turn arguing that some species are indeed more worthy of conservation.
In making conservation decisions, some species are more valuable and do warrant greater amount of conservation resources than other species. In terms of ecological functioning, the role of some species is irreplaceable and vital for many of the ecosystem services that human society is reliant on. Other species may not provide such ecological benefits, but are distinct in their evolutionary history and may act as a valuable source of evolutionary potential to maximise diversity. In terms of cost and threat, species that are important but are cheaper in the conservation resources required to secure them are also of more conservation value, as they offer more bang for the buck. None of these measures of prioritization can be ignored, if we are to allocate our scarce resources to achieve the greatest conservation benefits. Although many studies and the initiative EDGE have combined species prioritization criteria, none have combined all the aspects discussed here. While such a measure may not lead to optimal use of conservation resources because of the lack of data and misinformed values of society, it would increase the chances of making good and defensible decisions in conservation planning.


Grupo Cuñado started its business in 1963, enjoying more than 50 years experience behind us. Our headquarter is located in Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain. Jointly with Portugal, the Group has more than 265,000 m2 (2.8 million ft2 ) indoor space distributed over 18 warehouses, offices and 1 valve factory. All of them work as operational centres to provide an integral logistics service. The Group consists of specialized companies that supply pipes, valves, fittings and miscellaneous items, for industries such as: chemicals and petrochemicals, oil and gas, nuclear power plants, metallurgical industry, iron and steel, shipbuilding, combined-cycle and renewable energy power plants, paper and food industry, water treatment plants, gas processing plants, etc.
Our scope of activity ranges from supplying full piping packages to provide added value services, such as our Integral Supply. Moreover, it is an internationally oriented organisation, with commercial presence in 5 continents and more than 30 countries, having succesfully executed projects worldwide. Our presence extends with branches in 16 countries: Germany, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, UAE, USA, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Peru, Czech Republic, Turkey and Venezuela.
Since it was founded, the Group has striven to meet the highest standards demanded by customers, as well as by national and international institutions. Chasing this goal, our Quality Department is formed by professional experts who, independently from the commercial organisation, are in charge of guaranteeing the QUALITY of the products delivered.
Our technicians work hard to evaluate and homologate manufacturers and mills, monitoring fabrication, shipments and material stocking. We verify testing and MTCs, controlling each material supplied to our customers.
Grupo Cuñado is proudly certified according to ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.
Click here to display our Quality Policy, and click here to display our Environmental Policy.


It's a post by Jake Mailhout of Lexham Press about my new book, The Bible Unfiltered: Approaching Scripture on Its Own Terms . While blogging about the post is a bit awkward for me, I hope it encourages you to buy a copy — or several — for yourself, friends, and family. Truth be told, the content of the book was written on company time, so I get no royalties. But I don't do what I do to go to Tahiti. I want it to sell — a lot — because people who care about Scripture need such books. We can't complain about lay people (and even pastors) not having a good grasp of biblical content if (a) scholars don't write for them, and (b) people don't buy the books and read them. This is a book with solid "Heiserian" content written for people who want more Bible but who are frightened by Christian Middle Earth. The same goes for its earlier companion, I Dare You Not to Bore Me with The Bible .
Both books, along with Supernatural would make excellent Christmas gifts — and help people graduate to The Unseen Realm.


This is a 4-wire camera lead compatible with many different common FPV cameras with audio.
REQUIRES AN AUDIO AND VIDEO JUMPER CABLE TO ATTACH TO THE STANDARD READYMADERC TRANSMITTER CABLES. Will plug in directly to many OSD's, and adapters are available to allow this cable to be used with the ImmersionRC OSD and transmitters.
May fit other 4-wire cameras by simply rearranging the the order of the wires on the camera connector. This can be done by carefully lifting the tabs with a hobby knife and removing the wires, and then re-inserting the wires in the proper order for your camera. It is up to the user to verify the proper order of the wires on the connector.
Total cable length of 12", terminated in a male servo connector (JR style) with video, power, and ground for video, and a male servo connector (Futaba style) with only the audio line. Ideal for connecting your camera to the Eagle Tree OSD's, or RangeVideo OSD. Will connect directly to the transmitter cable I offer by using the available video and audio jumpers.
PLEASE NOTE: This cable feed the voltage directly, so if you're powering your system with a 12V battery and you have a 5V camera you need to use a regulator before the cable.


text:
Usefulness of the Widal test in diagnosing childhood typhoid fever in endemic areas
Choo KE 1 , Razif AR , Oppenheimer SJ , Ariffin WA , Lau J , Abraham T
1 Department of Paediatrics, Universiti Sains Malaysia Medical School, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan
J Paediatr Child Health, 1993 Feb;29(1):36-9.
Data are presented for 2382 children investigated for fever in a Malaysian hospital between 1984 and 1987 when Widal tests and blood cultures were a routine part of every fever screen. There were 145 children who were culture positive (TYP-CP) for Salmonella typhi, while 166 were culture negative but were diagnosed as having typhoid (TYP-CN). Analyses of the sensitivity and specificity of combinations of initial Widal titres in predicting a positive S. typhi culture in a febrile child (culture positive vs the rest) showed the best model to be an O- and/or H-titre of > or = 1 in 40 (sensitivity 89%; specificity 89%). While the negative predictive value of the model was high (99.2%) the positive predictive value remained below 50% even for very high titres of O and H (> 1 in 640), at which point the specificity was 98.5%, supporting the clinical view that a high proportion of the TYP-CN patients really were typhoid but were missed by culture. The TYP-CN patients showed a very similar clinical and age profile to TYP-CP patients. The length of history of fever did not affect the initial Widal titre in culture positive cases. The Widal test in children remains a sensitive and specific 'fever screen' for typhoid although it will not identify all cases. In children, lower cut-off points for O- and H-titres should be used than are generally recommended.
* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Agglutinins/blood*
Antigens, Bacterial/blood*
Malaysia/epidemiology
Salmonella typhi/immunology
Salmonella typhi/isolation & purification*
Typhoid Fever/blood
Typhoid Fever/diagnosis*
Typhoid Fever/immunology
Typhoid Fever/microbiology
Typhoid Fever/epidemiology
Serum C-reactive protein concentrations in Malaysian children with enteric fever
Rapid serologic diagnosis of pediatric typhoid fever in an endemic area: a prospective comparative evaluation of two dot-enzyme immunoassays and the Widal test
Rapid and reliable serological diagnosis of enteric fever: comparative sensitivity and specificity of Typhidot and Typhidot-M tests in febrile Malaysian children
Longevity of antibody responses to a Salmonella typhi-specific outer membrane protein: interpretation of a dot enzyme immunosorbent assay in an area of high typhoid fever endemicity
Retrospective review of dot enzyme immunoassay test for typhoid fever in an endemic area
Rapid serodiagnosis of typhoid fever by dot enzyme immunoassay in an endemic area
Detection of antibodies against Salmonella typhi outer membrane protein (OMP) preparation in typhoid fever patients
A simple adherence test for detection of IgM antibodies in typhoid
Typhoid fever in hospitalized children in Kelantan, Malaysia
Significance and value of the Widal test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever in an endemic area
Related publications on PubMed