Space heaters are one of the most convenient ways to heat up a room. These types of heaters, particularly the smaller ones, are commonly used when the central heating system is too expensive to operate or when the main heating system is insufficient. They help boost room temperature, without having to heat the whole home.
However, they can be dangerous if used incorrectly. The Harvard University Environmental Health & Safety group stated that space heaters are responsible for over 25,000 home fires occurring every year, leading to at least 6,000 emergency room visits.
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPE) said that around one-third of home fires occur during the cold months. NFPE confirmed that most of these fires are due to space heaters. This is between the months of December and February, where we need the heater to warm the home. Some cities have prohibited the use of several types of portable space heaters.
Always buy safety-tested and UL-approved space heaters.
Check the unit. Make sure it has heating element guards and an emergency tip-over shut-off feature.
Read the manufacturer's manual and follow the instructions on operation and care.
Ensure that your smoke and carbon monoxide detectors are working properly prior to using a space heater.
Keep the space heater clean. Make sure it is in good working condition before using it. Have it checked by a heating service provider on a regular basis.
Install your space heater on level, sturdy, non-flammable floor and in areas with lesser traffic. Do not place it on countertops, furniture, rugs, or carpets.
Keep your space heater away from flammable items like sofas, curtains, blankets, as well as from combustible liquids like paint, spray cans, and fuels. Observe a 3-feet distance between the space heater and these items.
Do not use a space heater to dry towels or clothes, to cook food or even to thaw pipes.
Avoid overloading your circuits. Plug the space heater in a dedicated circuit, not in the same circuit used for other appliances. Do not ever attempt to plug a space heater in an extension cord.
Turn off the space heater immediately if you plug it in a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) and it trips. Call a professional heating service provider to check the unit. A serious shock could happen if you do not.
Always turn off the space heater when no one is in the room or when going to bed. Leaving the space heater unattended is dangerous.
Do not allow your children or pets to go near a space heater. Serious shocks or burns can result if they can accidentally touch the unit.
Do not use old space heaters. Replace them with newer. and safer models.
Space heaters may be convenient; however, they are not the safest choice. Make sure to follow these safety precautions when using one.


This recipe don't need much explaining, so I'll just let the photos do most of the talking. A'right?
A little char on them veggies is part of the fun.
Add in some celery and onion slices. Ooo yas.
Warm yourself up a tortilla and plop it down on a plate.
Lay down some re-fried beans on top o' dat. Spicy beans are my favorite. Mmm.
Oops. Almost forgot the lime!
Veggie loaded rendition of the Mexican breakfast staple, Huevos Rancheros.
Heat a cast iron skillet or large sauté pan over medium heat. Once hot, add enough olive oil to coat the bottom of the pan, about 2 tablespoons.
Add in sweet potato and stir. Cook, stirring occasionally, for about 5 minutes. Throw in the rest of the veggies, paprika, and a heavy pinch of salt. Mix together and cook for another 2-3 minutes, or until the sweet potatoes are fork tender and the onions are brown around the edges.
For tofu, heat a medium non-stick pan over medium high heat. Once hot, add in olive oil, tofu, nutritional yeast, turmeric, salt, and garlic powder. Stir to combine, then let sit for at least two minutes, or until a brown crust begins to form on the tofu. Stir and let sit another two minutes.
Add spinach to tofu and cook for one additional minute.
To assemble, set tortillas on two separate plates and spread 1/4 cup of refried beans on each tortilla. Top each plate with half of the tofu & veggie mixture. Serve with plenty of lime.
If you desire to pair a condiment with your meal, 3 parts mayo & 1 part sriracha (i.e. 1 tbsp mayonnaise + 1 tsp sriracha) compliments this dish with a creamy kick. If you prefer a milder sauce, 4 parts mayo and 1 part sriracha will do it for ya.
*To remove excess moisture from tofu, simply grab a sizeable chunk of it in your hand and squeeze the moisture out into the sink. Once the tofu begins to fall apart, it's ready to be crumbled up to cook.
*You can also use corn or wheat tortillas in place of brown rice tortillas for this dish.
*To make simple refried beans, mash or blend 1/2 cup of these beans until mostly smooth. Alternatively, use pre-made refried beans (no shame in that!).
I make something very similar to this for breakfast. I use the 1/2 block tofu, nutritional yeast, and turmeric like you do. However, I add peppers, onions, and crumbled, homemade seitan sausage. I cook it up in some homemade vegan butter and finish it off with about 1/8 – 1/4 tsp of kala namak for that egg taste and pink himalayan salt to taste. It's so yummy. I'll try yours soon.
That sounds delicious Jose! No doubt, the peppers, onions, and sausage would be a tasty touch.
I haven't got my hands on it in a while, but I bet the Kala Namak really makes the dish pop! I love its eggy flavor.
Also, homemade butter? That's intriguing!


text:
Описание CD
вернуться закрыть окно
Исполнитель(и) :
The Animals (Group)
◄◄◄ ►►►
Наименование CD :
The Complete Animals
Компания звукозаписи : EMI Music
Музыкальный стиль : British Blues, Blues-Rock, Contemporary Pop/Rock, Rock & Roll, British Invasion
Время звучания : 2:03:48
К-во CD : 2
Код CD : CDS 79 4613 2, CD EM 1367
Комментарий (рецензия) :
CD, стоящие на полке рядом : Rock (Psychedelic)
The title is a bit of a misnomer; this double CD only includes the complete sessions that the Animals recorded with producer Mickie Most in 1964 and 1965. The 40 songs capture the band at their peak, including most of their best and biggest hits: "House of the Rising Sun," "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood," "Bring It on Home to Me," "We Gotta Get Out of This Place," "I'm Crying," "It's My Life," and "Boom Boom." Most of the rest of the tunes don't match the excellence of these smashes, though they're solid. The great majority of them are covers of vintage R&B/rock tunes by Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, and the like, which aren't quite as durable as reinterpretations from the same era by the Stones and Yardbirds. When they hit the mark, though, the Animals produced some great album tracks that have been mostly forgotten by time, such as "I'm Mad Again" (originally by John Lee Hooker), "Worried Life Blues," and "Bury My Body." After leaving Most, the group would maintain their peak for another year or so (this period is represented on the fine import collection Inside Looking Out) despite the departure of one of rock's all-time finest organists, Alan Price. This compilation has everything that Price recorded with the group, including four previously unreleased cuts and the non-LP Eric Burdon original on the B-side of "It's My Life," "I'm Gonna Change the World."
Соисполнители :
Danny McCulloch (Bass)
John Weider (Guitar)
Vic Briggs (Guitar)
Наименование трека
1 01 Boom Boom T 0:03:18 John Lee Hooker
1 02 Talkin' 'Bout You 0:07:03 Ray Charles
1 03 Blue Feeling 0:02:31
1 04 Dimples T 0:02:50 James C. Bracken / John Lee Hooker
1 05 Baby Let Me Take You Home 0:02:20 Wes Farrell / Bert Russell
1 06 Gonna Send You Back To Walker 0:02:27 Johnnie Mae Matthews
1 07 Baby What's Wrong 0:02:48 Jimmy Reed
1 08 The House Of The Rising Sun 0:04:29 Alan Price / Traditional
1 09 F-E-E-L 0:02:41
1 10 I'm Mad Again 0:04:15 John Lee Hooker
1 11 Night Time Is The Right Time 0:03:44 Lew Herman
1 12 Around And Around 0:02:43 Chuck Berry
1 13 I'm In Love Again 0:03:00 Dave Bartholomew / Fats Domino
1 14 Bury My Body 0:02:50 Al Kooper / Alan Price
1 15 She Said Yeah 0:02:18 Michael James Jackson
1 16 I'm Crying 0:02:46 Eric Burdon / Alan Price
1 17 Take It Easy 0:02:52 -"-
1 18 The Story Of Bo Diddley 0:05:43 Eric Burdon / Ellas McDaniel
1 19 The Girl Can't Help It 0:02:20 Bobby Troup
1 20 I've Been Around 0:01:36 Fats Domino
2 01 Memphis Tennessee 0:03:05 Chuck Berry
2 02 Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood T 0:02:27 Bennie Benjamin / Gloria Caldwell / Sol Marcus
2 03 Club A Go-Go 0:02:19 Eric Burdon / Alan Price
2 04 Roadrunner 0:02:48 Bo Diddley
2 05 Hallelujah, I Love Her So 0:02:46 Ray Charles
2 06 Don't Want Much 0:03:22
2 07 I Believe To My Soul 0:03:24 Ray Charles / Allan Learner
2 08 Let The Good Times Roll T 0:01:54 Shirley Goodman / Leonard Lee
2 09 Mess Around 0:02:19 Ahmet Ertegun
2 10 How You've Changed 0:03:12 Chuck Berry
2 11 I Ain't Got You 0:02:28 Clarence Carter
2 12 Roberta 0:02:04 Al Smith / John Vincent
2 13 Bright Lights, Big City 0:02:54 Jimmy Reed
2 14 Worried Life Blues T 0:04:11 Big Maceo Merriweather
2 15 Bring It On Home To Me 0:02:42 Sam Cooke
2 16 For Miss Caulker 0:03:56 Eric Burdon
2 17 I Can't Believe It 0:03:30 -"-
2 18 We Gotta Get Out Of This Place 0:03:13 Barry Mann / Cynthia Weil
2 19 It's My Life 0:03:06 Roger Atkins / Carl Derrico
2 20 I'm Gonna Change The World (New Year Radio Spot) 0:03:34 Eric Burdon
T 'щелкнуть' - переход к тексту композиции.
Последние изменения в документе сделаны 20/10/2016 22:14:47
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Huta Szklana (niem. Glashütte) – wieś w Polsce, położona w województwie wielkopolskim, w powiecie czarnkowsko-trzcianeckim, w gminie Krzyż Wielkopolski.

W latach 1954–1957 wieś należała i była siedzibą władz gromady Huta Szklana, po jej zniesieniu w gromadzie Krzyż. W latach 1975–1998 miejscowość administracyjnie należała do województwa pilskiego.

Przez miejscowość przepływa Człopica, rzeka dorzecza Warty.

Przypisy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Trio of robbers rams truck into Segway store in Kakaako
By Rosemarie Bernardo rbernardo@staradvertiser.com
Courtesy Coral Commercial Center
CRAIG T. KOJIMA / CKOJIMA@STARADVERTISER.COM
Thieves reversed their pickup truck into the storefront of Segway of Hawaii in Kakaako on Thursday, taking four electric bikes and assaulting a security guard.
Honolulu police are investigating a brazen robbery that occurred early Thursday when three people rammed a Kakaako storefront with a pickup truck and took four electric bicycles after attacking a security guard. Read more
Honolulu police are investigating a brazen robbery that occurred early Thursday when three people rammed a Kakaako storefront with a pickup truck and took four electric bicycles after attacking a security guard.
The robbers, clad in hoodies, were seen on surveillance video driving up to Segway of Hawaii at the Coral Commercial Center, 670 Auahi St., in a black pickup truck just after 5:05 a.m. One of them used a blowtorch on the corner of the store window before returning to the truck when a security guard approached.
The same person is then seen taking what appeared to be a stun gun out of their pocket and hiding it within the side of the truck bed when the device emits a blue and white flash of light. When the security guard walks up and asks what they are doing, the video shows the robber brandishing the device and attacking the guard with it.
The three bandits then immediately reverse the pickup truck into the storefront, shattering the window and door before quickly loading the truck bed with an electric motor bike and three Segway Dirt electric bikes and driving off.
The truck had the word "Aloha" and a black-and-white floral stripe sticker on the passenger side of the vehicle.
The security guard, who suffered pain to his back in the attack, was treated by Honolulu Emergency Services at the scene.
In light of Thursday's robbery and the attack on the security guard, Segway of Hawaii owner Jeanne Datz-Rice said she is furious about a new law set to take effect Jan. 1 that repeals Hawaii's ban on the possession and sale of electric guns, commonly referred to as stun guns, and regulates their sale and use to persons age 21 and older.
Though the new law explicitly limits their use for self-defense, defense of another person and protection of property, Datz-Rice said she anticipates crime to increase with the reckless misuse of stun guns.
"It's going to get worse," she said.
Prior to Gov. David Ige signing House Bill 891 into law as Act 183 in July, the state Department of the Attorney General submitted testimony during the 2021 legislative session pointing out that the constitutionality of Hawaii's existing electric gun ban had been drawn into question by a U.S. Supreme Court decision in a Massachusetts case, as well as a pending lawsuit at U.S. District Court in Hawaii seeking an injunction to invalidate the ban.
"The passage of the bill is necessary to ensure public safety, because without it, if Hawaii's electric gun ban is invalidated by the courts, the purchase, possession, and use of electric guns by the public will not be regulated or controlled in any manner," the Department of the Attorney General said in its testimony.
In addition to selling electric bikes, accessories and other products, Segway of Hawaii operates Segway tours in Waikiki, Kakaako and Kona. Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, Datz-Rice said, tours have slowed, as a majority of clients are from Japan. The business has been relying mainly on retail sales to stay afloat, she said.
In addition to the stolen items, at least two other electric bicycles in the store were damaged when the suspects rammed the truck into the storefront. Datz-Rice estimated the damage and losses at $30,000.
Police had not made any arrests as of Thursday afternoon. The security guard who confronted the robbers said he hopes police catch them soon. "Can't have them running around, breaking and taking things," said the guard, who did not want to be identified out of concern for his safety.
Anyone with information on the robbery should call 911 or CrimeStoppers at 808-955-8300, or file an anonymous tip at honolulucrimestoppers.org or via the P3 Tips app.
Many Christmas trees already sold, but plenty still are available
Rally calls for shutdown of Red Hill facility


According to Red Herring, a pack of similar companies fight for attention, while competition from the big dogs looms.
I agree… AOL, Microsoft, Yahoo, et al., will not stand idly by while the social networking startups eat away at the time users spend on the big boys' groups and communities. However, I think this trend isn't something that anyone — users or social networking startup executives — needs to be worried about.
In the case of full-fledged networking communities like Ryze and Ecademy, the technology may not be of much interest to the big players, but the loyal, revenue-generating member bases of tens or hundreds of thousands of users will be.
For companies with enterprise-focused, patented software, like Spoke, hopefully they've realized all along that ultimately, they're just a piece of a much larger infrastructure, and not destined to be a stand-alone application forever. If they can successfully demonstrate a viable revenue model on top of their proprietary intellectual property, they'll be prime acquisition targets, probably by the end of 2004.
But what does this all mean to the user—the networking practitioner? Right now, not much at all. The funding many of these companies have received is a good indication of continued viability for the foreseeable future. There's a great window of opportunity right now to get in as an early adopter and build your social capital. And when the 800-lb. gorillas do finally enter the game, you really have nothing to lose. Odds are very good that these sites will get acquired, not simply disappear. And even if they did disappear, keep in mind that your investment is really in the people you connect with, not the system you use to do so.


Our organization had to change property management firms on short notice. CMG, now FirstService Residential, and Alana Richey came on board and hit the ground running to ensure a smooth transition. In a world where service is often a deciding factor in whether a client stays or leaves, the service Alana has provided to us has been spot on for what we need.
I appreciate CMG's (now FirstService Residential) continued support for our community, and just the overall professionalism that your company brings to our association. I want to say that Alana has been a tremendous addition to our community. She has brought more organization to our association and has a true "knack" for communicating with our homeowners with positive outcomes. She has been able to single handedly attack our receivables with excellent results and has been able to mitigate many situations without escalation. In just a short period of time Alana's fresh outlook and ability to communicate, has made a tremendous impact, which has effectively enabled our board to continue to do what is best for our community.
Ashley, I can't thank you enough for your superb service to our community. You are always on top of things without being asked. Your organizational skills and forward thinking are the absolute best. I'm confident that I speak for all attendees last night when I say you did a stellar job of running our meeting and keeping it on point. I know everyone left feeling respected, heard, and confident you will be our best manager ever! Thanks so much for all your efforts. I know the new Board can look forward to a great, productive year under your guidance.
I had the good fortune of working with Steve and his staff when he managed our community of 637 homes. As a community we were able to achieve so many wonderful accomplishments due to his leadership. I am hoping that we have the opportunity to work together again in the future. As far as I am concerned, Steve and his excellent staff are the best in the Charleston area for hands on management of communities.
When I first started with Epcon Communities as their VP of Operations and took over the responsibilities for the Marrington Villages at Cobblestone, the Community had fallen into a bit of a disarray. Over the last year since Alana has become involved in Marrington the ship has turned and we now have it heading back in the right direction. The HOA board as well as myself appreciate all you do for them! Keep up the great work!
I thought it was worth mentioning how much I do appreciate the attention to detail you have provided our small community, along with the supreme level of service your managers have given to us while managing our Community. I don't know if people realize how much you actually do to relieve the huge burden off of board members. You and your team have a thankless job. I wanted to take just a moment to say how grateful and appreciative I am for all CMG, now FirstService Residential, has done. Thank you so much.
Our change to CMG, now FirstService Residential, is the best decision we've made and the ONLY one I would make as President. They have built a HUGE network and resources. They can get anything done timely, thoroughly and "done right." Their response to issues is prompt, courteous and again, "done right." I have enjoyed tremendously our working relationship with our property manager (look at her list of credentials if you want any validation of the talent in the organization!) and her team and Steve Peck.
I have served on the Association Board on several different occasions since the year 2000. Having endured several different property management companies during that time has at times not been a good experience. Community Management Group, now FirstService Residential, is the best management company we have ever been associated with… the best property manager we have ever had. The way they work with the Board and manage the day to day as well as handle home owner problems is great. Any HOA considering a change to would be wise to do so. They are the best in Charleston.
I have lived in Egret's Point for about 20 years. While we have been through some changes of management, CMG, now FirstService Residential, is wonderful to work with and very professional and giving! Love all the landscaping that is kept up so nice!
Today I called your office with a problem and some questions. I spoke with Suzanne Carriere and I was so satisfied with the help she gave that I decided to write you a letter. She was easy to talk with and very willing to help. I believe the way she handled the situation was to go above and beyond what most would do. Everyone that I have spoken with in your company has been wonderful and a pleasure to work with.
I wanted to thank you for seeing that the mailbox address was replaced on my mailbox. What a surprise!! I came home to find the number sign in pieces on the ground. I picked them up and put them in my mailbox as a reminder to ask about this and I never had to!! Thanks again!
My wife and I purchased a two bedroom condo several years ago as a weekend retreat. It has served us well in that capacity and we recognize the importance of your staff's touch on our lives there. What happens to the property matters to us both in terms of the financial investment and quality of life the development provides. I wanted to drop you a note of thanks for recent efforts toward property improvement. We've noticed newly painted dog waste stations, a neglected fence around the mail area nicely replaced, and other activities that demonstrate an interest in keeping the property up. Many thanks to your staff for their work to identify and act on property maintenance and upkeep. The landscaping and cleanliness of the property consistently rates an A in our book – and we know that does not happen by accident. Again, two residents who appreciate people who try wanted to say thanks.
I would like to express my appreciation for Mike Ferrazzano. He has always been a tremendous help to me and the board on issues to do with landscaping, irrigation etc. Mike is wonderful to work with. He is very professional and extremely responsive and creative. Recently, he has gone above and beyond in helping me get the exact right plan for beautifying the front entrance at a price we can afford and helping me to present it in a manner that will encourage the board members to approve it. Again, giving credit where credit is more then due.


text:
Synthesis of network polymers by means of addition reactions of multifunctional-amine and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether or diacrylate compounds
Naofumi Naga, Mitsusuke Sato, Kensuke Mori, Hassan Nageh, Tamaki Nakano
Department of Applied Chemistry
Addition reactions of multi-functional amine, polyethylene imine (PEI) or diethylenetriamine (DETA), and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), have been investigated to obtain network polymers in H2O, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and ethanol (EtOH). Ring opening addition reaction of the multi-functional amine and PEGDE in H2O at room temperature or in DMSO at 90 °C using triphenylphosphine as a catalyst yielded gels. Aza-Michael addition reaction of the multi-functional amine and PEGDA in DMSO or EtOH at room temperature also yielded corresponding gels. Compression test of the gels obtained with PEI showed higher Young's modulus than those with DETA. The reactions of the multi-functional amine and low molecular weight PEGDA in EtOH under the specific conditions yielded porous polymers induced by phase separation during the network formation. The morphology of the porous polymers could be controlled by the reaction conditions, especially monomer concentration and feed ratio of the multi-functional amine to PEGDA of the reaction system. The porous structure was formed by connected spheres or a co-continuous monolithic structure. The porous polymers were unbreakable by compression, and their Young's modulus increased with the increase in the monomer concentration of the reaction systems. The porous polymers absorbed various solvents derived from high affinity between the polyethylene glycol units in the network structure and the solvents.
https://doi.org/10.3390/POLYM12092047
Published - 2020 Sep
Mechanical property
Multi-functional amine
Poly(ethylene glycol)
Porous polymer
10.3390/POLYM12092047
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Synthesis of network polymers by means of addition reactions of multifunctional-amine and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether or diacrylate compounds'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Quetol 651 Chemical Compounds
Addition reactions Chemical Compounds
poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate Chemical Compounds
Polyethylene glycols Engineering & Materials Science
Amines Engineering & Materials Science
Ethers Engineering & Materials Science
Polymers Chemical Compounds
Dimethyl sulfoxide Engineering & Materials Science
Naga, N., Sato, M., Mori, K., Nageh, H., & Nakano, T. (2020). Synthesis of network polymers by means of addition reactions of multifunctional-amine and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether or diacrylate compounds. Polymers, 12(9), [2047]. https://doi.org/10.3390/POLYM12092047
Synthesis of network polymers by means of addition reactions of multifunctional-amine and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether or diacrylate compounds. / Naga, Naofumi; Sato, Mitsusuke; Mori, Kensuke; Nageh, Hassan; Nakano, Tamaki.
In: Polymers, Vol. 12, No. 9, 2047, 09.2020.
Naga, N, Sato, M, Mori, K, Nageh, H & Nakano, T 2020, 'Synthesis of network polymers by means of addition reactions of multifunctional-amine and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether or diacrylate compounds', Polymers, vol. 12, no. 9, 2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/POLYM12092047
Naga N, Sato M, Mori K, Nageh H, Nakano T. Synthesis of network polymers by means of addition reactions of multifunctional-amine and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether or diacrylate compounds. Polymers. 2020 Sep;12(9). 2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/POLYM12092047
Naga, Naofumi ; Sato, Mitsusuke ; Mori, Kensuke ; Nageh, Hassan ; Nakano, Tamaki. / Synthesis of network polymers by means of addition reactions of multifunctional-amine and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether or diacrylate compounds. In: Polymers. 2020 ; Vol. 12, No. 9.
@article{ec3c2a3ceb5b4ca086a5e3f68cb4f11b,
title = "Synthesis of network polymers by means of addition reactions of multifunctional-amine and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether or diacrylate compounds",
abstract = "Addition reactions of multi-functional amine, polyethylene imine (PEI) or diethylenetriamine (DETA), and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), have been investigated to obtain network polymers in H2O, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and ethanol (EtOH). Ring opening addition reaction of the multi-functional amine and PEGDE in H2O at room temperature or in DMSO at 90 °C using triphenylphosphine as a catalyst yielded gels. Aza-Michael addition reaction of the multi-functional amine and PEGDA in DMSO or EtOH at room temperature also yielded corresponding gels. Compression test of the gels obtained with PEI showed higher Young's modulus than those with DETA. The reactions of the multi-functional amine and low molecular weight PEGDA in EtOH under the specific conditions yielded porous polymers induced by phase separation during the network formation. The morphology of the porous polymers could be controlled by the reaction conditions, especially monomer concentration and feed ratio of the multi-functional amine to PEGDA of the reaction system. The porous structure was formed by connected spheres or a co-continuous monolithic structure. The porous polymers were unbreakable by compression, and their Young's modulus increased with the increase in the monomer concentration of the reaction systems. The porous polymers absorbed various solvents derived from high affinity between the polyethylene glycol units in the network structure and the solvents.",
keywords = "Gel, Mechanical property, Multi-functional amine, Network structure, Poly(ethylene glycol), Porous polymer",
author = "Naofumi Naga and Mitsusuke Sato and Kensuke Mori and Hassan Nageh and Tamaki Nakano",
note = "Funding Information: Funding: This work was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 24550261 and in part by KAKENHI Grant Number JP19H02759.",
doi = "10.3390/POLYM12092047",
journal = "Polymers",
T1 - Synthesis of network polymers by means of addition reactions of multifunctional-amine and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether or diacrylate compounds
AU - Naga, Naofumi
AU - Sato, Mitsusuke
AU - Mori, Kensuke
AU - Nageh, Hassan
AU - Nakano, Tamaki
N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This work was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 24550261 and in part by KAKENHI Grant Number JP19H02759.
N2 - Addition reactions of multi-functional amine, polyethylene imine (PEI) or diethylenetriamine (DETA), and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), have been investigated to obtain network polymers in H2O, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and ethanol (EtOH). Ring opening addition reaction of the multi-functional amine and PEGDE in H2O at room temperature or in DMSO at 90 °C using triphenylphosphine as a catalyst yielded gels. Aza-Michael addition reaction of the multi-functional amine and PEGDA in DMSO or EtOH at room temperature also yielded corresponding gels. Compression test of the gels obtained with PEI showed higher Young's modulus than those with DETA. The reactions of the multi-functional amine and low molecular weight PEGDA in EtOH under the specific conditions yielded porous polymers induced by phase separation during the network formation. The morphology of the porous polymers could be controlled by the reaction conditions, especially monomer concentration and feed ratio of the multi-functional amine to PEGDA of the reaction system. The porous structure was formed by connected spheres or a co-continuous monolithic structure. The porous polymers were unbreakable by compression, and their Young's modulus increased with the increase in the monomer concentration of the reaction systems. The porous polymers absorbed various solvents derived from high affinity between the polyethylene glycol units in the network structure and the solvents.
AB - Addition reactions of multi-functional amine, polyethylene imine (PEI) or diethylenetriamine (DETA), and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), have been investigated to obtain network polymers in H2O, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and ethanol (EtOH). Ring opening addition reaction of the multi-functional amine and PEGDE in H2O at room temperature or in DMSO at 90 °C using triphenylphosphine as a catalyst yielded gels. Aza-Michael addition reaction of the multi-functional amine and PEGDA in DMSO or EtOH at room temperature also yielded corresponding gels. Compression test of the gels obtained with PEI showed higher Young's modulus than those with DETA. The reactions of the multi-functional amine and low molecular weight PEGDA in EtOH under the specific conditions yielded porous polymers induced by phase separation during the network formation. The morphology of the porous polymers could be controlled by the reaction conditions, especially monomer concentration and feed ratio of the multi-functional amine to PEGDA of the reaction system. The porous structure was formed by connected spheres or a co-continuous monolithic structure. The porous polymers were unbreakable by compression, and their Young's modulus increased with the increase in the monomer concentration of the reaction systems. The porous polymers absorbed various solvents derived from high affinity between the polyethylene glycol units in the network structure and the solvents.
KW - Gel
KW - Mechanical property
KW - Multi-functional amine
KW - Network structure
KW - Poly(ethylene glycol)
KW - Porous polymer
U2 - 10.3390/POLYM12092047
DO - 10.3390/POLYM12092047
JO - Polymers
JF - Polymers


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This is the view of German music reissue producer, DJ and record collector, Merten Kaatz, who recently established Cree Productions Trinidad Ltd. His company will conduct in-depth cultural research and create a digital archive of past productions of the country's legacy music for promotion on international markets.
InvesTT provided key facilitation services which were instrumental to the setting up of this investment in Trinidad and Tobago, such as guidance throughout the business registration process, work permit assistance and introductions to persons in the local music industry who would be critical to the company's ongoing success.
The concept of re-issuing music from Trinidad and Tobago that has already been published, has probably been long forgotten but which has a unique cultural theme, was born in 2013 while Kaatz was still living in Germany and working for a music company, Bear Family Records. When the company set up a subsidiary to focus on the re-issuing of 'new music' from the sixties and seventies, Kaatz created the label Cree Records which, in 2016, released a comprehensive compilation album of Trinidadian Lancelot Layne's work entitled 'Blow Way'.
One of Kaatz' most cherished collectibles was a '45' record album from Nappy Mayers' first band which Kaatz considered to be worth making available again to the world in digital and vinyl formats. His research on Mayers' work led him to Trinidad and to connect with Mayers' son on Facebook who sent him more work from his father's collection. The project grew and expanded into an exploration of the work of other keynote musicians from Trinidad and Tobago during the seventies and eighties such as Clive Zanda, Brother Resistance, Leston Paul, Robin Imamshah, Brother Superior, Andre Tanker, Brother Valentino, Michael Boothman and Estate Semp Productions Ltd.
Kaatz admits that given the globally existing challenge of copyright piracy, artistes were a bit wary of him in the beginninguntil they understood the legitimacy of his work.
InvesTT welcomes Cree Productions Trinidad and looks forward to a continued association with the company as it embarks on archiving the people, the music and the culture of Trinidad and Tobago.
Photos Courtesy © Bernd Jonkmanns.


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Threatened daily by the deadly residents and harsh environment of Australia's Outback, a lonesome bilby finds himself an unwitting protector, and unexpected friend, to a helpless (and quite adorable) baby bird.
Director: Juan Pablo Sans, Liron Topaz, Pierre Perifel
Actors: David P. Smith, Dee Bradley Baker
Rum 213
Elvira goes to summer camp and is scared to death of not making any friends. Mysterious things also start to happen, things that can't be explained… unless you believe in…
Genre: Adventure, Horror, Mystery
Action / Comedy – Five retired ex-military men attempt the unthinkable and dust off their old uniforms for one last explosive mission. The team quickly discovers that they are up…
Genre: Adventure, Comedy, Drama
A war-hardened Crusader and his Moorish commander mount an audacious revolt against the corrupt English crown.
Samurai from Nowhere
Misawa Ihei (Nagato) is traveling with his wife Tae (Iwashita Shima) who abhors the practice of sword fighting for prize money. Tae is the daughter of the clan's chief counselor…
The Pickwick Club sends Mr. Pickwick and a group of friends to travel across England and to report back on the interesting things they find…
Genre: Adventure, Comedy
The Fiend of Dope Island
Charlie is a dope smuggler who lives on his own private desert island and rules over the natives with an iron fist. When the native stooges get out of line,…
Genre: Adventure, Crime, Drama
S.M.A.R.T. Chase
A washed-up private security agent has to escort a valuable Chinese antique out of Shanghai but is ambushed en route.
Mark & Russell's Wild Ride
Mark is having that dream moment when Ashley, the most popular girl in his class, asks HIM to drive her to an exclusive pool party. Mark's excitement comes to a…
Genre: Adventure, Comedy, Family, TV Movie
Athletic adaptation of Alexandre Dumas' classic adventure about the king's musketeers and their mission to protect France.
One day, Horton the elephant hears a cry from help coming from a speck of dust. Even though he can't see anyone on the speck, he decides to help it….
Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard
Arthur answers a distress call from Princess Selenia, who is menaced by the nefarious Maltazard.
Genre: Adventure, Animation, Family, Fantasy
Fred C. Dobbs and Bob Curtin, both down on their luck in Tampico, Mexico in 1925, meet up with a grizzled prospector named Howard and decide to join with him…
Genre: Adventure, Drama, Western
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The Pines Difference
Schedule A Virtual Appointment
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Morris "Morrie"	W.	Hitson	Jr.
September 26, 1952 ~ January 7, 2021
Morris W. Hitson Jr. "Morrie", age 68 of Southern Pines died Thursday, January 7, 2021 at First Health Moore Regional Hospital in Pinehurst.
A native of New Bern NC, he was a son of the late Morris W. Hitson, Sr. and Betsy Bowman Edmundson. He served in the US Army during Vietnam war and graduated from American University with a Bachelor's Degree in International Affairs. He later attended graduate school at the University of Virginia. He was a lifelong member of the Society of Cincinnati that has been passed down through the family from generation to generation since its inception by George Washington.
Morrie later joined the American Peace Corps where he served building schools. He later served as an English college professor in multiple countries internationally for many years, during which time he made lifelong friends all over the world. He had a compassionate heart and was always quick to help a stranger or a friend.
He retired his international travels to settle back home to Southern Pines and oversee the care of his late mother Betsy.
He is survived by his fiancé' Joyce Kinuthia of Atlanta; sister Elizabeth Strickland and her husband Bill Strickland of Southern Pines; niece Caroline McGrail and her husband John McGrail of Washington DC; nephew Brian Strickland and his wife Heather Strickland of Mebane; great niece and nephew Eliza and Jack McGrail; several cousins and very close friends.
A graveside service will be held at Mt. Hope Cemetery on Wednesday 13th, 2021 at 2 PM.
Graveside Service: January 13, 2021 2:00 pm
405 W Morganton Rd , NC
Southern Pines, 28387
https://www.southernpines.net/Facilities/Facility/Details/Mt-Hope-Cemetery-32
Add to My Calendar America/New_York 2021-01-13 14:00:00 2021-01-13 14:00:00 Morris "Morrie" W. Hitson Graveside Service Graveside Service 405 W Morganton Rd , NC ,Southern Pines, 28387
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Morrie was a very good friend of my mother and father. Our family will miss Morrie. I always enjoyed seeing him at my parent's home when he came to visit. Blessings to his family and friends.
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Rob Schreiner currently has 1713 photos in the database. The photos have been viewed a total of 4,212,683 times, for an average of 2,459.24 views per photo.
Listed below are all photos in the database by Rob Schreiner. The list is sorted to show the most popular photos first, by default. Click on the column headings to sort the list by other criteria.


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GTA V coming to PS4, Xbox One and PC
Friday, 27 June 20140 comments
The 2013 blockbuster from Rockstar, the game developer of the GTA series and Red Dead Redemption, is getting a new version for PS4, Xbox One and PC almost a year after the release of the game on PS3 and Xbox One. The remastered game will feature notably better graphics and new online modes and will launch in fall, although a specific release date has yet to be announced.
During E3, the Electronic Entertainment Expo, a trailer of the game was released following its announcement running on PS4. There have been various comparisons between GTA V remastered and last gen's version and the consensus seem to be that the changes made will likely make buying the game twice worth it. The addition of "online heist missions" will surely please the newcomers and the option to import data from PS3 and Xbox 360 will definitely be appreciated by the old fans.


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EUSDR and PA 9
Objectives of Priority Area 9
Actions of Priority Area 9
Priority Area Coordinators
PA 9 Folder
ESF Network
Danube Region Monitor
MRS good practices on Homeschooling
Danube Strategy Flagships
Overview of Projects
Project Criteria of Priority Area 9
New Project Idea
11. September 2012in News 0 Likes
Coordination Meeting of Priority Area 8 "Supporting the Competitiveness of Enterprises"
Priority Area 8 of the EU Strategy for the Danube Region "Supporting the Competitiveness of Enterprises" held a workshop on developing and using synergies by linking actions of different Priority Areas in
5. September 2012in News 0 Likes
Strategic meeting of Working Groups related to education (Working Groups 1, 3, 4, 5)
The goal and objective of this meeting was To clarify the work plan of the working groups at the content level: To constitute and further establish the Working Groups on a formal and structural
EUSDR PA9 Stakeholder Conference report now online
The revised version of the report of the Stakeholder Conference of Priority Area 9 of the EU Strategy for the Danube Region held on 13 and 14 June 2012 in Vienna can
20. July 2012in News 0 Likes
Contact Seminar: The Danube Region Strategy – Take the chance to connect ideas and people within the school sector around the Danube. Transition from school to work.
The Austrian National Agency for Lifelong Learning invited teachers and national school authorities of the Danube Region countries to come to Vienna from 4-5 October 2012 to initiate School partnership
1st Progress Report on People and Skills now available
The Coordinators of the Danube Region Strategy's Priority Areas (PACs) are expected to submit an Progress Report to the Directorate-General for Regional Policy of the European Commission on the progress made regarding
1st Annual Forum of the EU Strategy for the Danube Region
Tuesday, 27th November 2012 at 11am – 4pm Wednesday, 28th November Location: Regensburg, Germany Please find enclosed the invitation to the 1st Annual Forum of the EU Strategy for the Danube Region. Coordinators of Priority Area
31. May 2012in News 0 Likes
The OECD Directorate for Education has launched the Thomas J. Alexander Fellowship Programme. Mr. Alexander (11 March 1940 – 22 January 2012) was the Director for the OECD's Education, Employment, Labour and
9. May 2012in News 0 Likes
Contact Seminar: The Danube Region Strategy
The Austrian National Agency for Lifelong Learning organized the Contact Seminar: "The Danube Region Strategy – Take the chance to connect ideas and people around the Danube". Teachers and national
10. April 2012in News 0 Likes
Summer School: "I don't need a parachute… to land in Europe!"
Fundatia Corona from Romania in partnership with SPARK from The Netherlands was announcing the Summer School of the project "I don't need a parachute… to land in Europe!", which was
9th DRC (Danube Rectors' Conference) Summer School on Regional Co-operation
The 9th DRC (Danube Rectors' Conference) Summer School on Regional Co-operation took place from July 1, untill July 8, 2012 in Marburg, Slovenia. The DRC Summer School was organised annually under the intellectual
Newsletter AbonnentInnen
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Press Release: March 18, 2010
HP Resolves Ink Cartridge Patent Infringement Complaint
PALO ALTO, Calif., -- HP today announced it has reached substantial resolution on the investigation by the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) into the importation and sale of patent infringing HP 02 inkjet ink cartridges.
The investigation, based on a complaint filed by HP on Sept. 23, 2009, alleged violations of section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 in the importation into the United States and sale of HP 02 compatible inkjet ink supplies that infringed patents asserted by HP.
The ITC investigation identified 11 respondents: Zhuhai Gree Magneto-Electric Co. Ltd. of China; InkPlusToner.com of Canoga Park, Calif.; SmartOne Services LLC d/b/a InkForSale.net of Hayward, Calif.; Comptree Inc. d/b/a Meritline, ABCInk, EZ Label, and CDR DVDR Media of City of Industry, Calif.; Mipo International Ltd. of Hong Kong; Mextec Group Inc. d/b/a Mipo America Ltd. of Miami, Fla.; Shanghai Angel Printer Supplies Co. Ltd. of China; Shenzhen Print Media Co. Ltd. of China; Zhuhai National Resources & Jingjie Imaging Products Co. Ltd. of China; Tatrix International of China; and Ourway Image Co. Ltd. of China.
To date, HP's ITC complaint has been resolved in the following manner:
InkPlusToner.com and Comptree Ink have all entered into settlement agreements with HP regarding the investigation. These companies have agreed that HP's patents are valid and infringed and, further, that each company will cease and desist from selling the cartridges in question. These parties also have paid HP an undisclosed sum of money. HP anticipates completion of a settlement with SmartOne Services consistent with the terms above.
The Administrative Law Judge has approved Zhuhai Gree Magneto-Electric Co. Ltd.'s motion to terminate the investigation as to Zhuhai Gree based on entry of a consent order in which it agrees not to engage in the future importation of the relevant products.
The Administrative Law Judge has entered default judgment against the remaining seven respondents. Upon review by the Commission, HP anticipates a satisfactory remedy from the ITC in the form of an Exclusion Order against the products at issue from the accused companies.
"HP is pleased with the outcome on these matters, and remains committed to vigorously pursuing legal enforcement against practices that do not respect HP's IP rights," said Stephen Nigro, senior vice president, Inkjet and Web Services Business, Imaging and Printing Group, HP.
HP creates new possibilities for technology to have a meaningful impact on people, businesses, governments and society. The world's largest technology company, HP brings together a portfolio that spans printing, personal computing, software, services and IT infrastructure to solve customer problems. More information about HP (NYSE: HPQ) is available at http://www.hp.com/.
This news release contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. If such risks or uncertainties materialize or such assumptions prove incorrect, the results of HP and its consolidated subsidiaries could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements and assumptions. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements, including but not limited to statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations; any statements concerning expected development, performance or market share relating to products and services; any statements regarding anticipated operational and financial results; any statements of expectation or belief; and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Risks, uncertainties and assumptions include macroeconomic and geopolitical trends and events; the execution and performance of contracts by HP and its customers, suppliers and partners; the achievement of expected operational and financial results; and other risks that are described in HP's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2010 and HP's other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including but not limited to HP's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009. HP assumes no obligation and does not intend to update these forward-looking statements.
© 2010 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth inn the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be constructed as constructing an additional warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein.
Editorial contacts:
Jennifer Pershall, HP: jennifer.pershall@hp.com


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Q: how to show compact notification if it is available on the user device? I am trying to show a compact notification like so (the one that expand and collapse):
mIcon = R.drawable.ic_launcher;
Notification noti = new Notification.Builder(mContext)
             .setContentTitle(mContentTitle)
             .setContentText(mContentText)
             .setSmallIcon(mIcon)
             .setLargeIcon(mIcon2)
             .setStyle(new Notification.BigTextStyle()
                 .bigText(mContentText))
             .build();

I am getting the following errors:
Call requires API level 16 (current min is 11): android.app.Notification.Builder#setStyle
The method setLargeIcon(Bitmap) in the type Notification.Builder is not applicable for the arguments (int)

First how to do a condition that check if setStyle is available on current device and if not show normal notification?
Second how to initialize the mIcon2 to have the same icon as mIcon only bigger since it doesn't take int?
3rd after the build how to actually trigger the notification to show up? is it the same as the old one like so
// show the notification
mNotificationManager.notify(1, noti);

4th What is the maximum count of characters for bigText?

A: so, it really depends on the specific details you want to use, but here an examples from the app I work at.
Note that I only try to load the image if it will be used, or else I'm wasting memory and download time.
That example shows a BigPicture style, but you can get from the docs the Inbox or BigText styles too.
// here is the base of a notification
NotificationCompat.Builder b = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context);
b.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.actionbar_icon);
b.setContentTitle(title);
b.setContentText(Html.fromHtml(msg));
b.setTicker(title);
b.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis());

// notification shade open icon
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB && url != null)
  try {
     b.setLargeIcon(Picasso.with(context).load(url)
           .resizeDimen(android.R.dimen.notification_large_icon_width,
              android.R.dimen.notification_large_icon_width).centerCrop().get());
     } catch (IOException e) {
        Log.e(this, "Failed to setLargeIcon", e);
     }

NotificationCompat.BigPictureStyle s = new NotificationCompat.BigPictureStyle();
s.setSummaryText(Html.fromHtml(msg));

// expanded notification icon
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN)
   if (expandedIconUrl != null) {
      try {
          s.bigLargeIcon(Picasso.with(context).load(expandedIconUrl).get());
        } catch (IOException e) {
           Log.e(this, "Failed to bigLargeIcon", e);
        }
   } else if (expandedIconResId > 0) {
        s.bigLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), expandedIconResId));
 }

 // background photo
 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN)
   try {
       s.bigPicture(Picasso.with(context).load(bigImageUrl).get());
    } catch (IOException e) {
       Log.e(this, "Failed to bigPicture", e);
     }
  b.setStyle(s);
  b.setContentIntent( /* add here your pending intent */ );

  // here you can add up to 3 buttons to your notification
  b.addAction(R.drawable.ic_notification_photo,
                 context.getString(R.string.notificationAction_viewPhoto),
                 /* and here the button onClick pending intent */);
  Notification n = b.build();
  // now just show it with Notify.

A: this is what i have done:
public void createNotification() {
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11) {
            createNotificationAPI11();
        } else {
            createNotificationOtherAPI();
        }
}
 private void createNotificationOtherAPI() {
// normal old notification
...
}

@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN)
private void createNotificationAPI11() {
 //   new compact notification
....
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
ACCEPTED

#### According to
Index Fungorum

#### Published in
in Thiers & Ammirati, Mycotaxon 15: 158 (1982)

#### Original name
Amanita pachycolea D.E. Stuntz

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


One of the greatest perks of my job is getting to know a couple and hearing their love story … and this is one of my favorite stories to date: Aleks proposed to his college sweetheart (who also happens to be named Alex) along the canals of Japan, which was then followed by a delicious meal kawayuka-dining-style (dining literally above the water). A romantic and special moment between two world travelers who have been together for ten years and will be married in a castle in France later this year.
Congratulations, A+A! Wishing you all the best in your travels, wedding, and life journey together!


text:
Home List By Country Sweden Page 3
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Nick Kampouris - Apr 14, 2020
Swedish Metal Band Praise Greece and October 28th in Song
Philip Chrysopoulos - Oct 30, 2014
Swedish heavy metal band Sabaton wrote a song in which they glorify the "OXI" of Greeks to the Italian army and the bravery of...
Retired Greek Basketball Superstar Honored in Sweden
Daphne Tsagari - Oct 18, 2014
Nikos Galis, one of the greatest Greek basketball players of all time, was announced an honorary member of the Greek team of Göteborg BC...
Humanitarian Help from Greek, Norwegian and Swedish Activists
Daphne Tsagari - Aug 12, 2014
A coalition of activists said on Tuesday they would send a flotilla of ships to break Israel's siege of Gaza by the end of...
Cleopas Strongylis: New Metropolitan of Sweden and All Scandinavia
Ioanna Zikakou - May 5, 2014
It was announced today that Archimandrite Cleopas Strongylis, a scholar and cleric who served in Boston until now and is mostly known for his...
Greece a Top Tourist Destination for Swedes in 2014
A. Makris - Mar 12, 2014
The Greek tourist sector is set for a great performance this year, according to Swedish magazine TRAVEL NEWS, which published an article entitled "Greece...
Swedish Tourists Prefer Greece For Vacation
Abed Alloush - Feb 14, 2014
Greece is one of the most favorite destinations for Swedish tourists. More than 626,000 tourists from Sweden visited Greece during 2013. This number indicates an...
Greece in 7th Place for Human Rights Violations
Iro-Anna Mamakouka - Jan 31, 2014
According to the annual report of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) released on Thursday, January 30 by the president of the Court...
GNTO in Scandinavia Facing Closure
Abed Alloush - Nov 26, 2013
The Greek National Tourism Organization has been around for more than half a century in Scandinavia. The Scandinavian tourism market is unquestionably considered as...
"Miss Violence" Wins Best Screenplay Award
Nikoleta Kalmouki - Nov 16, 2013
Alexandros Avranas and Costas Peroulis won the Best Screenplay award for the film "Miss Violence," at the 24th International Film Festival in Stockholm. Other films...
Stockholm: Injuries at "Disgusting" neo-Nazi Rally
A. Makris - Nov 10, 2013
Two people were injured as protesters clashed with members of the neo-Nazi Swedish resistance movement in Stockholm with the far right rally labelled as...


text:
Tag Archives: Ireland
Gathering perspectives on Unification Referendums on the Island of Ireland
The Constitution Unit is leading a Working Group on Unification Referendums on the Island of Ireland composed of academics from London, Dublin, Belfast, and the United States. The Working Group released its interim report in November and is now working on a final report. In this post, the Working Group's Project Manager and Research Assistant Conor J. Kelly explores how the group gathered evidence, as well as the challenges of examining this issue during a pandemic, and in a divided society.
Purpose of the project
The Working Group on Unification Referendums on the Island of Ireland is examining how any future referendums on whether Northern Ireland should become part of a united Ireland or remain part of the UK would best be designed and conducted. Under the Northern Ireland Act 1998, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland is obliged to call such a vote if a majority for a united Ireland appears 'likely'. If such a vote does happen, it will be vital that the process is designed and conducted well. The goal of the Working Group is to stimulate thinking on how this would be done.
Assembling an expert team
The first step was to assemble a diverse team of experts with insight on the legal, political, sociological, and historical elements of a question of this magnitude. These diverse perspectives created valuable awareness of both the possible and probable parameters of any future process of decision-making around the unification question, balancing both legal and political considerations. I feel that the ability to lay out legal realities alongside contextual analysis of the politics that might be at play is a major strength of the Working Group. As an early career researcher and a PhD student myself, working alongside such an esteemed group of academics has been an invaluable professional experience.
Researching existing literature and material
One of my main tasks has been to trawl through scholarly literature, reports, manifestos, and other policy documents in search of concrete proposals for the referendum process or the form of a united Ireland. Though this issue has in various forms dominated Irish (and often British) politics since the 19th century, surprisingly little has been written on different constitutional models and processes which might be undertaken. There has been more work in recent years, particularly by the Ireland's Future and Constitutional Conversations groups, and in Justice Richard Humphreys' book Beyond the Border. But despite these interventions, many of the issues which would need to be resolved were a referendum or a united Ireland ever to happen have scarcely been explored. There has been substantial commentary on a border poll in the media, but this is a fast-moving debate, without a detailed or agreed landing point.
Posted in Devolution, Elections and referendums, Public Engagement and Policy Making	| Tagged Conor Kelly, Coronavirus, Ireland, nationalists, Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Act 1998, referendums, secretary of state for Northern Ireland, unionists, united Ireland, Working Group on Unification Referendums on the Island of Ireland
100 years of the Government of Ireland Act: how it provided a model for Westminster-Edinburgh relations
Posted on December 22, 2020 by The Constitution Unit
The Government of Ireland Act 1920 is 100 years old tomorrow. David Torrance examines the legislation and its impact, arguing that a number of the constitutional conventions that regulate relations between Westminster and Holyrood have roots in those that applied to Stormont between 1920 and 1972.
Wednesday 23 December marks the centenary of royal assent for the Government of Ireland Act 1920 (the '1920 Act'). That this created the part of the UK known as 'Northern Ireland' and its border is well known, but its devolution settlement – a parliament, government, governor and prime minister – has largely faded from public consciousness.
As the historian Graham Walker has observed, Northern Ireland 'serves as a reminder that devolution and constitutional change has a long, complex, and fascinating history, and did not just appear magically at the end of the twentieth century' [1]. Indeed, this blog will argue that many of the constitutional conventions now associated with Holyrood-Westminster relations have antecedents in those which developed between Stormont and the UK parliament between 1921 and 1972. There was also one major difference, self-determination, analysis of which concludes this piece.
A 'sound custom' of non-interference
Speaking during Lords consideration of the Scotland Bill in 1998, Lord Sewel observed that 'as happened in Northern Ireland earlier in the century' the government would expect 'a convention to be established that Westminster would not normally legislate with regard to devolved matters in Scotland without the consent of the Scottish parliament'. This would later come to be known as the Sewel convention.
The Northern Ireland precedent acknowledged by Lord Sewel was established in 1922 when Home Secretary Edward Shortt (who had responsibility for GB-NI relations at the time, as there was no Northern Ireland Office) advised withholding royal assent for a bill abolishing the Single Transferable Vote method for local government elections (a matter 'transferred' to Belfast). When Northern Ireland's Prime Minister Sir James Craig and his Cabinet threatened to resign, assent was granted.
By 1953, a Treasury document could state that:
In practice the United Kingdom Parliament refrains from legislating on matters with which the Northern Ireland Parliament can deal, except at the request and with the consent of Northern Ireland. It is recognised that any departure from this practice would be open to objection as impairing the responsibility which has been placed on the Northern Ireland Parliament and Government.
HM Treasury, Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man: A Treasury Paper, December 1953, page 9
Posted in Devolution	| Tagged Anglo-Irish treaty, Barnett formula, Basil Brooke, Belfast Agreement, border poll, David Torrance, direct rule, Edward Shortt, Good Friday Agreement, Government of Ireland Act, Government of Ireland Act 1920, Government of Northern Ireland, Harold Wilson, Ireland, King George V, Lord Sewel, Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Act 1998, Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973, Northern Irish Border Poll, Parliament of Nothern Ireland, Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, reserved powers, reserved powers model, Scotland, Scotland Act 1998, scottish parliament, sewel convention, Single transferable vote, STV, Terence O'Neill, Ulster Unionist Party, united Ireland
Referendums on Irish unification: How would they best be designed and conducted?
The interim report of the Working Group on Unification Referendums on the Island of Ireland, published today, concludes that referendums on the question of Irish unification should be called only with a plan for the processes that would follow. In this post, the Chair of the Working Group, Alan Renwick, sets out some of the group's key provisional findings. The group is seeking feedback on these, in advance of its final report next year.
The Working Group on Unification Referendums on the Island of Ireland was established last year to examine how any future referendums on whether Northern Ireland should stay in the United Kingdom or become part of a united Ireland would best be designed and conducted. The group, based at the Constitution Unit, comprises 12 experts from universities in Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, Great Britain, and the United States. It has no collective view on whether holding such referendums would be desirable or not, or what the outcome should be if referendums were held.
The project continues the Unit's long history of research into referendums, stretching back to the 1996 report of the Commission on the Conduct of Referendums, whose recommendations for new legislation helped pave the way for key reforms in 2000. More recent work includes the 2018 Independent Commission on Referendums and last year's Doing Democracy Better report. We also have a track record of examining future constitutional possibilities—such as Scottish independence or the creation of an English parliament—without taking a view on their desirability.
Why the Working Group was established
We created the Working Group because referendums on the unification question might happen in the future, and what this would involve needs to be thought through. The Brexit process has shown the dangers that can arise if a referendum is called without proper planning. Repeating that in Northern Ireland's sensitive context would be highly unwise. Yet no such plan exists. The 1998 Belfast/Good Friday Agreement makes some key provisions, as we elaborate below. But it leaves many important points unspecified. We do not believe referendums to be imminent: the evidence is that the majority in Northern Ireland would currently support maintaining the Union. But opinion could evolve in either direction in the future.
Posted in Devolution, Elections and referendums	| Tagged Alan Renwick, Belfast Agreement, Brexit, Good Friday Agreement, Ireland, Irish Constitution, Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Act 1998, referendums, secretary of state for Northern Ireland, Union, united Ireland, Working Group on Unification Referendums on the Island of Ireland | 2 Comments
Braking the law: is there, and should there be, an executive veto over laws made by parliament?
During the Brexit crises of 2019, something exceptionally rare happened twice in less than six months: parliament passed legislation without the government's consent. But are there constitutional veto mechanisms that governments can use to prevent this? In a new Unit report, Paul Evans explores this question in detail. He summarises his conclusions here.
What do executive vetoes look like?
Many constitutional democracies include mechanisms whereby a head of state can veto a law made by the legislature, but few of these are absolute vetoes. Most are suspensory, inviting the legislature to think again, but giving it the last word. The US Constitution is the most obvious example of such an arrangement. France has a broadly similar system but, as with many if not most such vetoes, it isn't used. Some states (for example Iceland) enable the president to put a law to a referendum. Others (such as Ireland) leave the last word with a constitutional court, but only on matters of constitutionality, not on grounds of political disagreement.
In the UK (and most of the old dominions which retain the Queen as head of state) such an arrangement looks impossible. The executive and the legislature are fused – they can't have different views. The executive as a lawmaker in the UK only exists as an element of the sovereign parliament (the somewhat misleadingly titled 'Crown-in-Parliament'). The sovereign has no personal stake in the making of law. They must do as parliament decides. As long ago as 1867, Walter Bagehot expressed this constitutional fact with typical rhetorical brio:
The popular theory of the English Constitution involves two errors as to the Sovereign. First, in its oldest form at least, it considers him as an 'Estate of the Realm', a separate co-ordinate authority with the House of Lords and the House of Commons. This and much else the Sovereign once was, but this he is no longer. That authority could only be exercised by a monarch with a legislative veto. He should be able to reject bills, if not as the House of Commons rejects them, at least as the House of Peers rejects them. But the Queen has no such veto. She must sign her own death warrant if the two Houses unanimously send it up to her. It is a fiction of the past to ascribe to her legislative power. She has long ceased to have any.
Withholding of royal assent
Nonetheless, when the first stirrings of what was to become the Cooper-Letwin Act (the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2019) began in the Commons in early 2019, it was suggested in some quarters that ministers could advise the sovereign to refuse royal assent to an Act agreed upon by parliament. The same argument re-emerged six months later in relation to the Benn-Burt Act (the European Union (Withdrawal) Act (No. 2) 2019), which Boris Johnson insisted on referring to repeatedly as the 'Surrender Act'. But, despite these theoretical arguments, subsequent events appear to have confirmed that this concept of a royal veto is definitely a dead letter. Queen Anne was the last sovereign to decline the royal assent to an Act passed by parliament – in 1707 (or 1708 if you prefer to apply retrospectively the change of the new year from 25 March to 1 January in 1752).
Posted in Brexit, Government, Monarchy, church and state, Parliament	| Tagged Arthur Balfour, backbenchers, Benn-Burt Act, boris johnson, Brexit, Constitution Act, constitutional con, Cooper-Letwin Bill, Crown initiative, Government of Ireland Act, House of Commons, House of Lords, Iceland, Ireland, Irish Constitution, ministers, New Zealand, no deal Brexit, Parliament Act 1911, parliamentary procedure, parliamentary sovereignty, Paul Evans, private members bills, queen, Queen Anne, royal assent, royal prerogative, suspensory veto, UK Supreme Court, US Constitution, Withdrawal Act 2020 | 2 Comments
Why there is no such thing as the 'Westminster model'
Posted on August 5, 2020 by The Constitution Unit
Practitioners and academics in comparative politics frequently refer to a set of 'Westminster model' countries which are similar in some way. But in a new article, summarised here, Meg Russell and Ruxandra Serban show that definitions of the 'Westminster model' tend to be muddled, or even absent, and that its meaning is far from clear. Insofar as defined political attributes are linked to the 'model', key countries associated with it now lack many of those attributes. The term has hence become increasingly outdated, leading the authors to suggest that it should now be dropped.
The term 'Westminster model' appears frequently both in the academic and practitioner literature, and will be familiar to many specialists in comparative politics, public administration and law. But what precisely does it mean, and is there consistency in its application? Our new newly-published paper in the journal Government and Opposition, 'The Muddle of the 'Westminster Model': A Concept Stretched beyond Repair', addresses this question – based on analysis of the term in the academic literature over the last 20 years. It demonstrates that the use of the term has become extremely confused, leading us to suggest that it should be retired from academic and practitioner discourse.
Authors have often deployed the term 'Westminster model' as shorthand for the UK system of government which Bagehot outlined in the 1860s. Bagehot never used the term himself, but it appeared a century later in a classic text by De Smith on 'Westminster's export models'. Hence it therefore does not simply describe the British system, but other systems which were modelled upon it. Comparative texts for example often suggest that there is a group of 'Westminster model countries', 'Westminster democracies' or members of a 'Westminster family'. The term received a more recent boost when used in the widely-cited comparative texts by Arend Lijphart (1984, 1999, 2012), which classify countries based on whether they have characteristics of 'majoritarian' or 'consensus' democracy. Lijphart used the term 'Westminster model' interchangeably with 'majoritarian democracy', and cited Britain as 'both the original and the best-known example of this model'. Yet – at Lijphart's own admission – his ideal type did not precisely apply in any country. For example, he associated unicameralism with majoritarian democracy, while Britain has a bicameral parliament. Continue reading →
Posted in International, Parliament	| Tagged Arend Lijphart, Australia, Barbados, bicameralism, Canada, first past the post, Guyana, India, Ireland, Jamaica, meg russell, New Zealand, parliament, parliamentary sovereignty, Ruxandra Serban, Trinidad and Tobago, unicamerlism, Westminster model | 2 Comments
Public consultation on unification referendums on the island of Ireland.
The Constitution Unit is leading a Working Group on Unification Referendums on the Island of Ireland. This week, it launches a public consultation, seeking views from people in Northern Ireland on the issues it is considering. In this post, Alan Renwick, Conor Kelly, and Charlotte Kincaid outline the purposes of the group's work and the kinds of questions that it is asking.
Readers can access the consultation survey by clicking here.
The Working Group on Unification Referendums on the Island of Ireland is examining how any future referendum on Northern Ireland's constitutional future would best be run. Such a referendum – sometimes known as a 'border poll' – would decide (alongside a parallel process in the Republic of Ireland) whether Northern Ireland should remain part of the United Kingdom or become part of a united Ireland.
A referendum like this could occur in the future. Under the 1998 Belfast/Good Friday Agreement, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland may call a poll at any time. He or she would be required to do so if at any time it appeared likely that a majority of those voting would back a united Ireland. Most of the evidence suggests that this is some way off. But there are also signs that the majority in favour of the existing Union may have weakened, and that trend may continue.
Yet, despite the possibility of a referendum, almost no thinking has been done about what the process would involve. The Working Group is seeking to fill that important gap. It takes no view on whether a referendum should happen or what the outcome of such a vote should be. But we think that planning for a referendum is important. Some people are eager for a vote in the coming years and will therefore no doubt be keen to discuss it. Others, we realise, view the prospect with great trepidation, and may not wish to give the idea undue prominence. We fully respect that. But we hope that even these people will see the value of planning ahead, just in case. Holding a vote without thinking through the process carefully in advance could be very destabilising, to the detriment of people across Northern Ireland. Continue reading →
Posted in Devolution, Elections and referendums	| Tagged Alan Renwick, Belfast Agreement, border poll, Charlotte Kincaid, Conor Kelly, devolution, devolution deals, devolved powers, Good Friday Agreement, Good Friday Agreement referendum, Ireland, misinformation, Northern Ireland, referendum question, referendums, Scottish independence referendum, secretary of state for Northern Ireland, Union, united Ireland, Working Group on Unification Referendums on the Island of Ireland | 3 Comments
Monitor 75: The constitution under COVID-19
Posted on July 7, 2020 by The Constitution Unit
Monitor 75, the latest edition of the Unit's regular news update on constitutional issues, was published this morning. Since the last edition in March, what had once been the defining issue of this political generation — Brexit — has been almost entirely subsumed by an even larger crisis: COVID-19. A new and inexperienced government has found itself temporarily without its Prime Minister, announced the departure of the Cabinet Secretary, and encountered significant dissension from the backbenches on more than one occasion. Tensions within the Union have been thrown into stark relief by the increasingly different courses pursued by its constituent nations. As for the state of democracy, parliament has trialled numerous methods of operation, passing laws and changing how it regulates itself in multiple ways, whilst elections have been put on hold and organisations involved in deliberative democracy have struggled to continue their work. Meg Russell and Alan Renwick discuss the key events and themes of the past four months, and also reflect briefly on the Unit's history as it celebrates its 25th anniversary.
As the last issue of Monitor went to press in early March the idea that COVID-19 might change everything was only just dawning. In the subsequent four months, its impact on politics as well as daily life has been transformational. Just as the UK hoped to exit one torrid period of politics dominated by a single issue, a new, still bigger challenge eclipsed it. Brexit has barely featured in the past few months' political news. Instead, Boris Johnson rapidly shifted from the Prime Minister who would 'get Brexit done' to the one who needed to steer the nation through a health crisis, and perhaps in due course through an economic crisis as well.
COVID-19 has touched almost every aspect of how politics is done, and raised new questions about the functioning of some aspects of the UK constitution, as this issue of Monitor sets out. The Coronavirus Bill was rushed through both chambers of parliament – with consent from the devolved legislatures – in just six days in March, as the official 'lockdown' was just beginning. At the outset this barred most workplaces from opening and confined most people – except when undertaking limited activities – to their homes. The Prime Minister spoke to the nation in a televised address, and daily Downing Street press conferences involving ministers and (usually) government scientists became the norm, seven days per week. On 6 April Boris Johnson himself was hospitalised with the virus, leaving Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab to deputise (see page 12). Other key ministers and officials – notably including Johnson's chief adviser Dominic Cummings – also fell ill.
At the start of the crisis there was widespread support for the government's position, within the governing party, across the parties and among the devolved administrations. Public approval for the government's handling was high, in what political scientists would see was typical of the 'rally round the flag' effect often found in national crises. But since that time, tensions have gradually grown. Continue reading →
Posted in Brexit, Constitutions and constitution making, Devolution, Elections and referendums, Europe, Government, International, Judiciary and human rights, Monarchy, church and state, Parliament, Parties and politicians, Public Engagement and Policy Making	| Tagged 25 years, 25th anniversary, Alan Renwick, boris johnson, Brexit, Brexit negotiations, Cabinet Secretary, citizens' assemblies, Climate Assembly UK, Conservative Party, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Act, Cox report, democratic engagement, dominic cummings, Dominic Raab, elections, England, House of Commons, Ireland, Mark Sedwill, meg russell, Monitor, MPs, no deal, Northern Ireland, parliament, Parliamentary Constituencies Bill, parliamentary procedure, rule of law, Scotland, statutory instruments, Wales | 1 Comment
Five key questions about coronavirus and devolution
The coronavirus is a once in a generation event that has required an almost unprecedented response from government at all levels, from Westminster to West Lothian. Akash Paun argues that it has raised five crucial questions about the politics of devolution at a time when efficient and effective intergovernmental relations are crucial.
Coronavirus has hit all parts of the UK and has required a comprehensive response by government at all levels – central, devolved and local. The crisis has raised (at least!) five big questions about devolution, intergovernmental relations and the politics of the Union:
Does the crisis show that the UK and devolved governments can cooperate effectively?
To what extent does devolution enable policy divergence between the UK nations?
How is the crisis affecting the operation of the devolved institutions themselves?
How is the pandemic response being funded – and with what impact on devolution?
What might this period mean for wider constitutional debates and the Union?
It is too early to give a definitive answer to any of these questions. But developments over the past few months already point to some preliminary conclusions, as well as identifying important lines of investigation for future research.
The UK and devolved governments can work together – at least in a crisis
One important finding, as the Institute for Government (IfG) recently concluded, is that the UK and devolved governments have shown the ability to work together well at various points over the past three months. Given the many disputes over Brexit, the Union and other matters in recent years, and the underlying weaknesses of the UK's system of intergovernmental relations, it was far from a foregone conclusion that the different administrations would be able to cooperate at all.
But credit should be given where it is due. In early March, the UK and devolved governments published a joint Coronavirus Action Plan – a rare sighting of a government policy paper that was co-branded by the four administrations. There was close working too on the Coronavirus Act, which was drafted with significant devolved input before being passed at Westminster with devolved consent under the Sewel Convention. And devolved leaders participated in meetings of the COBRA emergency committee throughout this period, helping to ensure that major announcements, not least the imposition of the lockdown in late March, were coordinated between the capitals. Continue reading →
Posted in Devolution, Government	| Tagged 2016 EU referendum, Akash Paun, Barnett formula, border poll, boris johnson, Brexit, Brexit negotiations, Cobra, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Act, devolution, devolution paradox, dominic cummings, DUP, England, Government, House of Commons, Institute for Government, intergovernmental relations, Ireland, Nicola Sturgeon, Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Assembly, proxy voting, Scotland, scottish devolution, Scottish First minister, Scottish government, Scottish Independence, Scottish independence referendum, Scottish National Party, scottish parliament, Scottish Parliament Information Centre, Second Scottish independence referendum, sewel convention, Sinn Féin, SNP, Union, united Ireland, virtual parliament, Wales, Welsh Assembly, Welsh Devolution, Welsh Senedd, whips
Remote sittings for Ireland's parliament: questionable constitutional objections
As a result of the temporary measures taken by the UK House of Commons, MPs as far away from London as Orkney have been able to contribute to parliamentary proceedings remotely. The same has not been true of Ireland, where legal objections have been raised. David Kenny argues that those objections can be easily overcome and that there is no good reason why Ireland's elected representatives should not be able to attend the Oireachtas remotely.
Ireland's recent general election, as well as producing deep political uncertainty, has produced several fascinating and strange constitutional questions: what happens when a candidate dies (not, it turns out, what the law clearly required). Can the Seanad (Senate) legislate when no Taoiseach (Prime Minister) has been appointed to nominate 11 of its members? What are the limits of the accountability of acting ministers?
The strange circumstances of the pandemic have thrown up yet another constitutional issue, one which is arising around the world: where and how can the legislature sit? With social distancing in a parliamentary chamber or committee room difficult, this has a profound effect on how the legislature can function at a time where the agglomeration of executive power in response to the crisis requires acute parliamentary oversight.
At present, despite emergency legislation giving sweeping powers to the executive to combat COVID-19, neither house of the Irish parliament is meeting in anything other than the most limited form. For limited purposes, such as attempting to nominate a Taoiseach, a very large space such as Dublin's Convention Centre can be rented to allow socially distant attendance from all 160 members of the Dáil (the equivalent of the UK's House of Commons). But this is not intended to be a regular arrangement, and is not planned for other parliamentary activities, such as committee meetings. There are limited sittings in the Dáil Chamber, with a select groups of members in attendance, and meetings of a special COVID-19 Committee in the chamber also. It would seem that virtual/remote meetings would be essential to allow sufficient parliamentary oversight in these circumstances. But constitutional objections to this have been raised. Continue reading →
Posted in Constitutions and constitution making, International, Parliament	| Tagged caretaker government, Clerk of the Dail, constitutional law, Coronavirus, Dail, David Kenny, Ireland, Irish Constitution, Irish government, Irish parliament, ministers, MPs, Oireachtas, parliamentary procedure, parliamentary scrutiny, Sean O Conaill, Seanad, Taoiseach
Irish unification: processes and considerations
Earlier this year, the International Association of Constitutional Law published a blog symposium on Irish Unification: Processes and Considerations, convened by Professor Oran Doyle. Here, Professor Doyle summarises the contributions to the symposium.
The Belfast/Good Friday Agreement (GFA)—the agreement between the parties in Northern Ireland and the related international treaty between the British and Irish governments that was central to the peace settlement in 1998—built a new model of power-sharing politics on the foundation of a territorial compromise. On the one hand, Ireland and Irish nationalists accepted the legitimacy of Northern Ireland's status as a component part of the United Kingdom. They thereby relinquished a territorial claim to the whole island of Ireland that had been advanced in different ways since independence and partition of the island of Ireland in 1921-22. On the other hand, the United Kingdom and unionists accepted that Northern Ireland would only remain part of the United Kingdom for as long as a majority of people in Northern Ireland so wished it. They thereby relinquished the right of the United Kingdom to preserve its own territorial boundaries.
In 1998, Irish unification seemed a distant prospect. The priority for most Irish nationalists—and certainly for all Irish governments—was to make the new political arrangements work, not to advocate for a united Ireland. But demographic change was slowly producing an electorate more open to unification, and Brexit has now dramatically increased the attractiveness of a united Ireland replete with EU membership. As a result, although opinions on the likelihood of a united Ireland diverge widely, the territorial compromise of 1998 is under pressure. Continue reading →
Posted in Devolution, Elections and referendums	| Tagged Anna-Katherina Mangold, Aoife O'Donoghue, Belfast Agreement, border poll, Brendan O'Leary, Brexit, Brice Dickson, Cheryl Saunders, Colin Harvey, Colin Murray, David Kenny, Etain Tannam, Ireland, Irish Constitution, nationalists, Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Act 1998, Oran Doyle, referendums, unionists, united Ireland, Working Group on Unification Referendums on the Island of Ireland