These mallets come in a pack with three different sizes.
We have used these fine Emil Richards Super Rub Mallets and we have to say, "Excelente!"
Oh that crazy Mike Balter, making all kinds of mallets for all kinds of percussion, and here he goes again with his special Emil Richards Rubber Mallets for the gong player who likes to make her or his gong get a nice long moaning tone.
The difference between these Super Rub and other Superball Mallets is the quality of rubber. These are softer, so moans and whale noises ring out with ease on your gong. However, you do need to remember to clean off the residue from your gong after repeated use.
"Just wanted to drop you a note and tell you how crazy good those super rubs are. They have just opened a new door to my gonging experience. Thanks."


text:
Title: Development aid
Subject: Globalization, Development, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Development Association, List of development aid agencies
Collection: Aid, International Development, International Relations, Sustainability
A map of official development assistance distribution in 2005.
Development aid (also development assistance, technical assistance, international aid, overseas aid, official development assistance (ODA), or foreign aid) is financial aid given by governments and other agencies to support the economic, environmental, social, and political development of developing countries. It is distinguished from humanitarian aid by focusing on alleviating poverty in the long term, rather than a short term response.
The term development co-operation, which is used, for example, by the partnership should exist between donor and recipient, rather than the traditional situation in which the relationship was dominated by the wealth and specialised knowledge of one side.[1] Most development aid comes from the Western industrialised countries but some poorer countries also contribute aid.
Aid may be bilateral: given from one country directly to another; or it may be multilateral: given by the donor country to an international organisation such as the World Bank or the United Nations Agencies (UNDP, UNICEF, UNAIDS, etc.) which then distributes it among the developing countries. The proportion is currently about 70% bilateral 30% multilateral.[2]
About 80-85% of developmental aid comes from government sources as development charities (e.g., Oxfam).[3] In addition, remittances received from migrants working or living in diaspora form a significant amount of international transfer.
Some governments also include military assistance in the notion "foreign aid", although many NGOs tend to disapprove of this.
Official development assistance is a measure of government-contributed aid, compiled by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) since 1969. The DAC consists of 34 of the largest aid-donating countries.
Origins 1.1
Postwar expansion 1.2
Extent of Aid 2
Top 10 aid recipient countries (2012) 2.1
Top 10 aid donor countries (2013) 2.2
MIT based study 4.1
UK Parliamentary study 4.2
Private aid 6
Remittances 7
National development aid programs 8
The concept of development aid goes back to the colonial era at the turn of the twentieth century, in particular to the British policy of colonial development that emerged during that period. The traditional government policy had tended to favor laissez-faire style economics, with the free market for capital and goods dictating the economic role that colonies played in the British Empire.
Lord Moyne, as Secretary of State for the Colonies presided over a Development Committee for the colonies. He is pictured entertaining Jamaican recruits for the RAF.
Changes in attitudes towards the moral purpose of the Empire, and the role that government could play in the promotion of welfare slowly led to a more proactive policy of economic and developmental assistance towards poor colonies. This process culminated in the passage of the Colonial Development Act in 1929, which established a Colonial Development Advisory Committee under the authority of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, then Lord Passfield. Its initial annual budget of £1 million was spent on schemes designed to develop the infrastructure of transport, electrical power and water supply in colonies and dominions abroad for the furtherance of imperial trade.[4]
By the late 1930s, especially after the British West Indian labour unrest of 1934–1939, it was clear that this initial scheme was far too limited in scope. A Royal Commission under Lord Moyne was sent to investigate the living conditions in the British West Indies and it published its Report in 1940 which exposed the horrendous living conditions there.[5][6]
Amidst increasing criticism of Britain's colonial policies from abroad and at home,[7][8] the commission was a performance to showcase Britain's "benevolent" attitude towards its colonial subjects.[9] The Commission's recommendations urged health and education initiatives along with increased sugar subsides to stave off a complete and total economic meltdown.[10] The Colonial Office, eager to prevent instability while the country was at war, began funneling large sums of cash into the region.[11]
The Colonial Development and Welfare Act was passed in 1940 to organize and allocate a sum of £5 million per year to the British West Indies for the purpose of long-term development. Some £10 million in loans was cancelled in the same Act.[12] The Colonial Development and Welfare Act of 1945 increased the level of aid to £120m over a twenty-year period. Further Acts followed in 1948, 1959 and 1963, dramatically increasing the scope of monetary assistance, favourable interest-free loans and development assistance programs.
Postwar expansion
A poster promoting the Marshall Plan in Europe, the first large scale development program. It was designed to boost European economies shattered by war and prevent the growth of communist influence.
The beginning of modern development aid is rooted in the context of Post-World War II and the Cold War. Launched as a large-scale aid program by the United States in 1948, the European Recovery Program, or Marshall Plan, was concerned with strengthening the ties to the West European states to contain the influence of the USSR. Implemented by the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA), the Marshall Plan also expanded its reconstruction finance to strategic parts of the Middle East and Asia.[13] The rationale was well summarized in the 'Point Four Program', in which United States president Harry Truman stated the anti-communist rationale for U.S. development aid in his inaugural address of 1949, which also announced the founding of NATO:[4]
"In addition, we will provide military advice and equipment to free nations which will cooperate with us in the maintenance of peace and security. Fourth, we must embark on a bold new program for making the benefits of our scientific advances and industrial progress available for the improvement and growth of underdeveloped areas. More than half the people of the world are living in conditions approaching misery. Their food is inadequate. They are victims of disease. Their economic life is primitive and stagnant. Their poverty is a handicap and a threat both to them and to more prosperous areas. For the first time in history, humanity possesses the knowledge and skill to relieve the suffering of these people."[14]
In 1951, the Technical Cooperation Administration (TCA) was established within the Department of State to run the Point Four program. Development aid was aimed at offering technical solutions to social problems without altering basic social structures. The United States was often fiercely opposed to even moderate changes in social structures, for example the land reform in Guatemala in the early 1950s.
In 1953 at the end of the Korean War, the incoming Eisenhower Administration established the Foreign Operations Administration (FOA) as an independent government agency outside the Department of State to consolidate economic and technical assistance. In 1955, foreign aid was brought back under the administrative control of the Department of State and FOA was renamed the International Cooperation Administration (ICA).
In 1956, the Senate conducted a study of foreign aid with the help of a number of independent experts. The result, stated in a 1959 amendment to the Mutual Security Act, declared that development in low-income regions was a U.S. objective along with and additional to other foreign-policy interests, attempting thus to clarify development assistance's relationship with the effort to contain Communism. In 1961, the Congress approved the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 with President J.F. Kennedy's support, which retained the 1959 policy of international development as an independent U.S. objective and set up a new Agency for International Development, USAID.
The volume of international aid to the Third World grew dramatically from the 1960s. This aid came mainly from the US and Western European countries, but there were also significant contributions from the Soviet Union in exchange for overseas political influence in the context of the heightened global tensions of the Cold War.
The Development Assistance Committee was established in 1960 by the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation to coordinate development aid amongst the rich nations. A 1961 resolution decreed that:
Extent of Aid
Economies by region
Economic growth theories
Harrod–Domar model
neoclassical growth model
Endogenous growth theory
Unified growth theory
balanced growth theory
Fields and subfields
Undernutrition
Most official development assistance (ODA) comes from the 28 members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), or about $135 billion in 2013. A further $15.9 billion came from the European Commission and non-DAC countries gave an additional $9.4 billion. Although development aid rose in 2013 to the highest level ever recorded, a trend of a falling share of aid going to the neediest sub-Saharan African countries continued.[15]
Top 10 aid recipient countries (2012)
Foreign aid received in millions of US dollars[16]
Afghanistan 6,725.0
Israel 6,180.0
Vietnam 4,115.7
Ethiopia 3,261.3
Turkey 3,033.1
Congo, Dem. Rep. 2,859.3
Tanzania 2,831.8
Kenya 2,654.0
Côte d'Ivoire 2,635.6
Bangladesh 2,152.0
Top 10 aid donor countries (2013)
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) measures countries contributing the highest amounts of ODA (in absolute terms). The top 10 DAC countries are as follows (listed in US dollars). European Union countries together gave $70.73 billion and EU Institutions gave a further $15.93 billion.[15][17]
European Union – $86.66 billion
United States – $31.55 billion
United Kingdom – $17.88 billion
Germany – $14.06 billion
Japan – $11.79 billion
France – $11.38 billion
Sweden – $5.83 billion
Norway – $5.58 billion
Netherlands – $5.44 billion
Canada – $4.91 billion
Australia – $4.85 billion
The OECD also lists countries by the amount of ODA they give as a percentage of their gross national income. The top 10 DAC countries are as follows. Five countries met the longstanding UN target for an ODA/GNI ratio of 0.7% in 2013:[15]
Norway – 1.07%
Sweden – 1.02%
Luxembourg – 1.00%
Denmark – 0.85%
United Kingdom – 0.72%
Netherlands – 0.67%
Finland – 0.55%
Switzerland – 0.47%
Belgium – 0.45%
Ireland – 0.45%
European Union countries that are members of the Development Assistance Committee gave 0.42% of GNI (excluding the $15.93 billion given by EU Institutions).[15]
Development aid is often provided by means of supporting local development aid projects. In these projects, it sometimes occurs that no strict code of conduct is in force. In some projects, the development aid workers do not respect the local code of conduct. For example, the local dress code as well as social interaction. In developing countries, these matters are regarded highly important and not respecting it may cause severe offense, and thus significant problems and delay of the projects.
There is also much debate about evaluating the quality of development aid, rather than simply the quantity. For instance, tied aid is often criticized as the aid given must be spent in the donor country or in a group of selected countries. Tied aid can increase development aid project costs by up to 20 or 30 percent.[18]
There is also criticism because donors may give with one hand, through large amounts of development aid, yet take away with the other, through strict trade or migration policies. The Commitment to Development Index measures the overall policies of donors and evaluates the quality of their development aid, instead of just comparing the quantity of official development assistance given.
The 1968 Michenzani apartment blocks in Zanzibar were part of East German development assistance and brought a Soviet-style of living to rural Africa. The apartments were unpopular and only 1,102 out of the 9,992 planned buildings were built (see Ng'ambo). Still used today, they stand as a failed relic of donor-driven (supply-driven) development aid.
Aid effectiveness is the degree to which development aid works, and is a subject of significant disagreement. Dissident economists such as Peter Bauer and Milton Friedman argued in the 1960s that aid is ineffective:[19]
... an excellent method for transferring money from poor people in rich countries to rich people in poor countries.
— Peter Bauer
Many econometric studies in recent years have supported the view that development aid has no effect on the speed with which countries develop. Negative side effects of aid can include an unbalanced appreciation of the recipient's currency (known as Dutch Disease), increasing corruption, and adverse political effects such as postponements of necessary economic and democratic reforms.[20]
It has been argued that much government-to-government aid was ineffective because it was merely a way to support strategically important leaders (Alesino and Dollar, 2000). A good example of this is the former dictator of Zaire, Mobuto Sese Seko, who lost support from the West after the Cold War had ended. Mobuto, at the time of his death, had a sufficient personal fortune (particularly in Swiss banks) to pay off the entire external debt of Zaire.[20]
Besides some instances that only the president (and/or his close entourage) receives the money resulting from development aid, the money obtained is often badly spent as well. For example, in Chad, the Chad Export Project, an oil production project supported by the World Bank, was set up. The earnings of this project (6,5 million dollars per year and rising) were used to obtain arms. The government defended this purchase by stating that "development was not possible without safety". However, the Military of Chad is notorious for severe misconduct against the population (abuse, rape, claiming of supplies and cars) and did not even defend the population in distress (e.g. in the Darfur conflict). In 2008, the World Bank retreated from the project that thus increased environmental pollution and human suffering.[21]
Another criticism has been that Western countries often project their own needs and solutions onto other societies and cultures. In response, western help in some cases has become more 'endogenous', which means that needs as well as solutions are being devised in accordance with local cultures.[22] For example, sometimes projects are set up which wish to make several ethnic groups cooperate. While this is a noble goal, most of these projects fail because of this intent.[21]
It has also been argued that help based on direct donation creates dependency and corruption, and has an adverse effect on local production. As a result, a shift has taken place towards aid based on activation of local assets and stimulation measures such as microcredit.
Aid has also been ineffective in young recipient countries in which ethnic tensions are strong: sometimes ethnic conflicts have prevented efficient delivery of aid.
In some cases, western surpluses that resulted from faulty agriculture- or other policies have been dumped in poor countries, thus wiping out local production and increasing dependency.
In several instances, loans that were considered irretrievable (for instance because funds had been embezzled by a dictator who has already died or disappeared), have been written off by donor countries, who subsequently booked this as development aid.
In many cases, Western governments placed orders with Western companies as a form of subsidizing them, and later shipped these goods to poor countries who often had no use for them. These projects are sometimes called 'white elephants'.
According to Martijn Nitzsche, another problem is the way on how development projects are sometimes constructed and how they are maintained by the local population. Often, projects are made with technology that is hard to understand and too difficult to repair, resulting in unavoidable failure over time. Also, in some cases the local population is not very interested in seeing the project to succeed and may revert to disassembling it to retain valuable source materials. Finally, villagers do not always maintain a project as they believe the original development workers or others in the surroundings will repair it when it fails (which is not always so).[23]
A common criticism in recent years is that rich countries have put so many conditions on aid that it has reduced aid effectiveness. In the example of tied aid, donor countries often require the recipient to purchase goods and services from the donor, even if these are cheaper elsewhere. Other conditions include opening up the country to foreign investment, even if it might not be ready to do so.[24]
In Congo, an abandoned ferry as a relic of a development project is rusting next to the boats people use today.
All of these problems have made that a very large part of the spend money on development aid is simply wasted uselessly. According to Gerbert van der Aa, for the Netherlands, only 33% of the development aid is successful, another 33% fails and of the remaining 33% the effect is unclear. This means that for example for the Netherlands, 1.33 to 2.66 billion is lost as it spends 4 billion in total of development aid (or 0,8% of the gross national product).[23]
For the Italian development aid for instance, we find that one of their successful projects (the Keita project) was constructed at the cost of 2/3 of 1 F-22 fighter jet (100 million $), and was able to reforest 1,876 square miles (4,900 km2) of broken, barren earth, hereby increasing the socio-economic wellbeing of the area.[25] However -like the Dutch development aid- again we find that, the Italian development aid too is still not performing up to standards.[26] This makes clear that there are great differences between the success of the projects and that budgetary follow-up may not be so strictly checked by independent third parties.
An excerpt from Thomas Dichter's recently published book Despite Good Intentions: Why Development Assistance to the Third World Has Failed reads: "This industry has become one in which the benefits of what is spent are increasingly in inverse proportion to the amount spent - a case of more gets you less. As donors are attracted on the basis of appeals emphasizing "product", results, and accountability…the tendency to engage in project-based, direct-action development becomes inevitable. Because funding for development is increasingly finite, this situation is very much a zero-sum game. What gets lost in the shuffle is the far more challenging long-term process of development."
Effectiveness of development aid can be argued to be uncoordinated and unsustainable. Development aid tends to be put towards specific diseases with high death rates and simple treatments, rather than funding health basics and infrastructure. Though a lot of NGO's and funding have come forth, little sustainable outcomes have been made. This is due to the fact that the money doesn't go towards developing a sustainable medical basis. Money is given to specific diseases to show short-term results, reflecting the donor's best interests rather than the citizens' necessities. It is evident that many development aid projects are not helping with basic and sustainable health care due to the generally high numbers of deaths due to preventable diseases. Development aid could do more justice if used to generate general public health with infrastructure and trained personnel rather than pin-pointing specific diseases and reaching for quick fixes.[27]
Research has shown that developed nations are more likely to give aid to nations who have the worst economic situations and policies (Burnside, C., Dollar, D., 2000). They give money to these nations so that they can become developed and begin to turn these policies around. It has also been found that aid relates to the population of a nation as well, and that the smaller a nation is, the more likely it is to receive funds from donor agencies. The harsh reality of this is that it is very unlikely that a developing nation with a lack of resources, policies, and good governance will be able to utilize incoming aid money in order to get on their feet and begin to turn the damaged economy around. It is more likely that a nation with good economic policies and good governance will be able to utilize aid money to help the country establish itself with an existing foundation and be able to rise from there with the help of the international community. But research shows that it is the low-income nations that will receive aid more so, and the better off a nation is, the less aid money it will be granted
MIT based study
Development aid, German stamp (1981).
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Abhijit Banerjee and Ruimin He have undertaken a rigorous study of the relatively few independent evaluations of aid program successes and failures.[28] They suggest the following interventions are usually highly effective forms of aid in normal circumstances:
subsidies given directly to families to be spent on children's education and health
education vouchers for school uniforms and textbooks
teaching selected illiterate adults to read and write
deworming drugs and vitamin/nutritional supplements
vaccination and HIV/AIDS prevention programs
indoor sprays against malaria, anti-mosquito bed netting
suitable fertilizers
clean water supplies
UK Parliamentary study
An inquiry into aid effectiveness by the UK All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) for Debt, Aid and Trade featured evidence from Rosalind Eyben, a Fellow at the
Diplomacy and diplomats
Diplomatic
leader titles
Multilateral
Permanent representative
Ambassador-at-Large
Resident Representative
Bilateral-national
Nuncio
Head of mission
Deputy Chief of Mission
Bilateral-subnational
Bilateral-insular
Resident Commissioner
Agent-General
By portfolio (Attaché)
Agricultural attaché
Air attaché
Chargé de mission
Conseiller Chargé des Investissements
Cultural attaché
Military attaché
Science attaché
Diplomatic courier
Queen's Messenger
Diplomatic rank
Consular corps
De facto embassy
Diplomatic corps
Diplomatic mission
High Commission
Legation
Protecting power
Checkbook diplomacy
Coercive diplomacy
Commercial diplomacy
Defence diplomacy
Digital diplomacy
Dollar diplomacy
Freelance diplomacy
Full Spectrum Diplomacy
Guerrilla diplomacy
Gunboat diplomacy
New diplomacy
Panda diplomacy
Paradiplomacy
Pilgrimage diplomacy
Ping-pong diplomacy
Preventive diplomacy
Shuttle diplomacy
Stadium diplomacy
Consular assistance
Consular immunity
Diplomatic accreditation
Diplomatic bag
Diplomatic cable
Diplomatic credentials
Diplomatic history
Diplomatic illness
Diplomatic law
Diplomatic service
Diplomatic uniform
Exequatur
Letter of credence
Letter of protest
Parliamentary delegation
Twin towns and sister cities
⇒ The Vrinda Project Channel - videos on the work in progress for the achievement of the MDGs connected to the Wikibook ⇒ Development Cooperation Handbook
Development Cooperation Stories
Development Cooperation Testimonials
Abhijit Baerjee "Making Aid Work". Boston Review, March/April 2007.
Failed Expectations, Or What Is Behind the Marshall Plan for Post-Socialist Reconstruction, by Tanya Narozhna
Håkan Malmqvist (February 2000), "Development Aid, Humanitarian Assistance and Emergency Relief", Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Monograph No 46, Sweden
Andrew Rogerson with Adrian Hewitt and David Waldenberg (2004), "The International Aid System 2005–2010 Forces For and Against Change", Overseas Development Institute Working Paper 235
"Arab Aid" from Saudi Aramco World (1979)
Open Aid Register
IATI search engine (Beta). Find any development aid activity around the world. Using the IATI registry as access point.
Aid and Development at DMOZ
AidData: Tracking Development Finance
Open Aid Data Provides detailed developing aid finance data from around the world.
The Centre for Aid and Public Expenditure, Overseas Development Institute
Millions Saved A compilation of case studies of successful foreign assistance by the Center for Global Development.
German Development Institute - the German think tank of development aid
Work on Development Aid by the Institute of Development Studies (IDS)
Georgeou, Nichole, Neoliberalism, Development, and Aid Volunteering, New York: Routledge, 2012. ISBN 9780415809153.
Gilbert Rist, The History of Development: From Western Origins to Global Faith, Zed Books, New Exp. Edition, 2002, ISBN 1-84277-181-7
Perspectives on European Development Co-operation by O. Stokke
European development cooperation and the poor by A. Cox, J. Healy and T. Voipio ISBN 0-333-74476-4
Rethinking Poverty: Comparative perspectives from below. by W. Pansters, G. Dijkstra, E. Snel ISBN 90-232-3598-3
European aid for poverty reduction in Tanzania by T. Voipio London, Overseas Development Institute, ISBN 0-85003-415-9
The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done About It by Paul Collier
How Do We Help? The Free Market in Development Aid by Patrick Develtere, 2012, Leuven University Press, ISBN 978-90-5867-902-4
^ WHO glossary of terms, "Development Cooperation" Accessed 25 January 2008
^ OECD Stats. Portal >> Extracts >> Development >> Other >> DAC1 Official and Private Flows. Retrieved April 2009.
^ OECD, DAC1 Official and Private Flows (op. cit.). The calculation is Net Private Grants / ODA.
^ Transcript of the speech
^ http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/DT.ODA.ALLD.CD
^ OECD The Typing of Aid
^ a b Aid Effectiveness and Governance: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
^ a b Tsjaad by Dorrit van Dalen
^ The Future of The Anti-Corruption Movement, Nathaniel Heller, Global Integrity
^ a b Kijk magazine; oktober 2008, Gestrand Ontwikkelingswerk
^ Keita project increasing socio-economic wellbeing
^ Italian aid not up to standard overall
^ 'Putting Relationships First for Aid Effectiveness' Evidence Submission to the APPG Inquiry on Aid Effectiveness, Institute of Development Studies (IDS)
^ a b c d e Sarah Bailey (2008) Need and greed: corruption risks, perceptions and prevention in humanitarian assistance Overseas Development Institute
^ Are Immigrant Remittance Flows a Source of Capital for Development? - WP/03/189
^ Approaches to a Regulatory Framework for Formal and Informal Remittance Systems: Experiences and Lessons, February 17, 2005
^ Are Immigrant Remittance Flows a Source of Capital for Development
Development Cooperation Handbook
Tools and Stories:
Conditionality
Tied aid
International Health Partnership
Effectiveness and anti-corruption measures:
Global South Development Magazine
Australian Agency for International Development
China foreign aid
Department for International Development (United Kingdom)
International economic cooperation policy of Japan
Saudi foreign assistance
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
United States foreign aid
National development aid programs
The International Monetary Fund has reported that private remittances may have a negative impact on economic growth, as they are often used for private consumption of individuals and families, not for economic development of the region or country.[34]
It is doubtful whether remittances, money sent home by foreign workers, ought to be considered a form of development aid. However, they appear to constitute a large proportion of the flows of money between developed and developing countries, although the exact amounts are uncertain because remittances are poorly tracked. World Bank estimates for remittance flows to developing countries in 2004 totalled $122 billion; however, this number is expected to change upwards in the next few years as the formulas used to calculate remittance flows are modified. The exact nature and effects of remittance money remain contested,[32] however in at least 36 of the 153 countries tracked remittance sums were second only to FDI and outnumbered both public and private aid donations.[33]
Private aid
Resist the pressure to spend aid rapidly.
Continue to invest in audit capacity, beyond simple paper trails;
Establish and verify the effectiveness of complaints mechanisms, paying close attention to local power structures, security and cultural factors hindering complaints;
Clearly explain the processes during the targeting and registration stages, highlighting points such as the fact that people should not make payments to be included, photocopy and read aloud any lists prepared by leaders or committees.
However, there is little clear consensus on the trade-offs between speed and control, especially in emergency situations when the humanitarian imperative of saving lives and alleviating suffering may conflict with the time and resources required to minimise corruption risks.[30] Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute have highlighted the need to tackle corruption with, but not limited to, the following methods:[30]
[30] Often a lack of understanding of the process by those meant to be receiving aid leads to cynicism and belief that greed and corruption are the key failures.
While development aid is an important source of investment for poor and often insecure societies, aid's complexity and the ever expanding budgets leave it vulnerable to corruption, yet discussing it remains difficult as for many it is a taboo subject.[30] Corruption is very hard to quantify as it is often hard to differentiate it from other problems, such as wastage, mismanagement and inefficiency, to illustrate the point, over $8.75 billion was lost to waste, fraud, abuse and mismanagement in the Hurricane Katrina relief effort.[30]
The views above are of Eyben. There were many other submissions to the All Party Parliamentary Group for Debt, Aid and Trade's inquiry into Aid Effectiveness. The final report gathered a vast amount of information from a wide range of sources to ensure a balanced perspective on the issues of aid effectiveness. The All Party Parliamentary Group for Debt, Aid and Trade's inquiry into Aid Effectiveness can be found online and the submissions of other contributors are available upon request.
Achieving impact requires investing in relationships, development organisations need to support their staff to do this. At the moment, the opposite is happening.
In multiple sets of relationships there will be different ideas about what is success and how to achieve it and this should be reflected in methodologies for defining and assessing the impact of aid.
Helpful procedural harmonisation should not mean assuming there is only a single diagnosis and solution to any complex problem.
In addition to measuring results, donors need to assess the quality of relations at project/programme, country and international levels against indicators agreed with partners.
Decisions on aid need to be made on a case by case basis on the advice of well-informed country offices.
Accountable states depend on empowered citizens
Development organisations also need to be more accountable to UK citizens through encouraging conversations as to the real challenges and limitations of aid. (Point made in relation to UK as evidence for UK parliamentary inquiry)
Saudi Arabia, India, United Kingdom, Canada, Italy
Swedish language, European Union, Finland, Denmark, Lithuania

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Uses and Dosages
How Duloxetine Works
Misleading Ads
Cymbalta Facts
Used to Treat Major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain
Related Drugs Effexor, Celexa and Lexapro
Manufacturer Eli Lilly and Company
Black Box Warnings Increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents and young adults taking antidepressants for major depressive disorder and other psychiatric disorders
FDA Approval Status Initially approved in 2004
Active Ingredient Duloxetine Hydrochloride
Administration Route Oral
Available Strength 20, 30, 60 mg
Dosage Form Tablet
Drug Class SNRI Antidepressants
Is Available Generically True
Is Proprietary True
RxCUI 482574
By Michelle Llamas
Edited By Emily Miller
Medically Reviewed by Dr. Ashraf Ali
Cymbalta Overview
Home Cymbalta
Cymbalta is an antidepressant approved to treat mood and pain disorders. It was one of Eli Lilly's most profitable drugs. It works by preventing the body from reabsorbing two neurotransmitters: serotonin and norepinephrine. The drug has a long list of interactions, and possible side effects include nausea, increased sweating and withdrawal symptoms.
Cymbalta comes in delayed-release capsules and is a part of a drug class called serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, or SNRIs. Eli Lilly and Company manufactures the medication. Duloxetine is the drug's active ingredient.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration first approved the antidepressant in 2004. The drug quickly grew in popularity. In 2009 alone, doctors wrote 14.6 million prescriptions, according to The New York Times.
At its peak in 2012, the drug had annual sales of $4.99 billion, according to Indy Star. The drug's patent ran out in 2013, opening the door to several generic manufacturers.
Eli Lilly Faces Financial Hurdles over Loss of Cymbalta Patent
Staff Writer January 2, 2014
A Sept. 30, 2018 quarterly filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission reported Cymbalta had brought in $523.5 million worldwide in nine months for the drug maker in 2018, including $39.3 million in the United States.
Depending on the dose strength, the medication can cost anywhere between $242.73 and $472.66 for a 30-day supply, according to Drugs.com.
Uses, Dosages and Strengths
The FDA originally approved Cymbalta for major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. The agency has since approved the medication for diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia and chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults. The drug is not approved for use in children and teens.
Eli Lilly had tried to get the drug approved for stress urinary incontinence as well. But the FDA suggested it could not grant approval based on the data the company had provided, so the drug maker withdrew its application in 2005, according to a company press release.
Then, the company began investigating duloxetine to treat children with fibromyalgia. It updated its Phase III clinical trial progress on Aug. 14, 2018 on ClinicalTrials.gov. Eli Lilly researcher Dr. Himanshu P. Upadhyaya and colleagues presented the study results at the 2018 World Congress on Pain in Boston. They concluded duloxetine may not be effective in treating juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome compared to a placebo.
Depending on the treatment indication and the patient's age, doctors may prescribe different strengths. The medication comes in 20 mg, 30 mg and 60 mg delayed-release capsules.
Cymbalta 20mg capsule
Major Depressive Disorder:
40 mg to 60 mg a day. The maximum dose is 120 mg a day.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder:
60 mg a day. The maximum dose is 120 mg a day.
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain:
60 mg a day. The maximum dose is 60 mg a day.
Fibromyalgia:
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain:
30 mg a day. The maximum dose is 60mg a day.
Patients should swallow capsules whole with or without food. If patients miss a dose, they should take the missed dose as soon as possible, but they should not take two doses at the same time.
Researchers believe duloxetine works by increasing the activity of serotonin and norepinephrine in the central nervous system, according to the drug's label.
The National Institutes of Health says duloxetine increases the levels of the neurotransmitters in the brain by preventing the body from reabsorbing them, and this contributes to its antidepressant effects.
Researchers believe blocking the reabsorption of neurotransmitters can reduce symptoms of depression.
Depression, chronic pain and anxiety have inter-related symptoms, according to researcher Cheryl L. Wright and fellow researchers at the Oregon Health and Science University School of Nursing. Researchers believe duloxetine treats general pain disorder, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in the same way it treats depression and anxiety.
Researchers know the drug does not repair the nerve damage that leads to diabetic peripheral neuropathy, but clinical trials have shown the drug can relieve the pain and other sensations associated with the condition, according to an Eli Lilly statement.
"While additional nonindustry-sponsored investigation is warranted, the evidence to date suggests that in those with [fibromyalgia], duloxetine has largely been a safe and, in some, a promising intervention to manage chronic pain."
Source: Researcher Cheryl L. Wright and colleagues
Adjusting the levels of neurotransmitters can also relieve fibromyalgia pain without affecting mood, Wright and colleagues wrote in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology.
"While additional nonindustry-sponsored investigation is warranted, the evidence to date suggests that in those with [fibromyalgia], duloxetine has largely been a safe and, in some, a promising intervention to manage chronic pain," the researchers wrote. "As with the introduction of any new pharmacologic agent, each patient deserves close monitoring to assess the drug's effectiveness as well as adverse effects."
Five percent or more of the people who had taken Cymbalta during clinical trials reported common side effects at least twice as often as those who had taken a placebo. According to the drug's label, the most common side effects were nausea, dry mouth, sleepiness, constipation, loss of appetite and increased sweating.
Though rare, serious side effects can include life-threatening conditions, and the FDA has released several warnings for side effects such as liver disease and low blood pressure. The medication carries a black box warning for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in children, adolescents and young adults.
Patients should talk to their doctor as soon as they notice any changes in their condition. Many side effects will simply work themselves out in time, but a doctor may need to adjust the medication dosage.
Never stop taking duloxetine suddenly or without first consulting a doctor, even if you experience side effects. Stopping the medication abruptly can trigger withdrawal symptoms, including dizziness, headache, nausea, diarrhea, tingling sensation, irritability, vomiting, insomnia, anxiety, increased sweating and fatigue.
The medication insert recommends doctors gradually reduce the dose rather than suddenly stopping treatment. Some people who say they suffered withdrawal side effects filed lawsuits against Eli Lilly.
Food, Alcohol and Drug Interactions
Medications that may interact with Cymbalta range from over-the-counter pain relievers to prescription blood pressure medicines, according to Everyday Health. The drug's label has a long list of possible interactions.
Taking duloxetine with certain other drugs can affect serotonin levels, blood pressure and body temperature. It can lead to a life-threatening condition called serotonin syndrome.
Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can include agitation, confusion, diarrhea and dilated pupils. Other signs to look for are elevated blood pressure, heavy sweating and rapid heart rate. The condition can also cause muscles to be rigid or twitch.
Smoking decreases Cymbalta's concentration in the blood by 30 percent.
Source: Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Mixing Cymbalta with grapefruit or grapefruit juice may increase the risk of side effects or overdose. The acidic fruit interferes with the metabolism of the drug and may allow it to build up in the patient.
Light drinking of alcohol does not appear to enhance duloxetine's effects. But heavy alcohol drinking can contribute to liver stress or damage.
Drugs and substances that may interact with Cymbalta include:
MAO Inhibitors (Nardil, Parnate, others)
SSRIs (Celexa, Fluvoxamine, Lexapro, Prozac, Paxil, Symbyax, Zoloft)
Triptans (Amerge, Axert, Frova, Imitrex, Masalt, Replax, Zomig)
Other SNRIs (Pristiq, Fetzima, Ixel, Savella, Elamol, Tofacine, Effexor)
Tricyclic antidepressants (Anafranil, Ascendin, Norpramin, Sinequan)
Aminoketones (Wellbutrin)
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics (Cipro, Levaquin, Avelox)
NSAIDs such as ibuprofen
Drugs that affect gastric acidity
This is not a complete list of all food and drug interactions. Patients should talk with their doctors about any drugs or supplements they are taking as well as alcohol use and diet to make sure they are not exposed to a potential interaction.
Before You Take Cymbalta
Some complications can be prevented if patients have an honest discussion with their doctors before starting treatment. This will also ensure patients receive the most effective treatment the drug can deliver.
The National Alliance on Mental Illness recommends people discuss the following issues with their doctors:
The most bothersome symptoms
Thoughts of harming themselves
Previous medicines taken for their condition
How effective other medicines were or if they caused any side effects
Other mental or physical health conditions including bipolar disorder, kidney or liver disease
Other medications the patient is taking including over-the-counter drugs and supplements
Allergies to any medications
Other mental health treatment such as talk or substance therapy
Current or planned pregnancy or breastfeeding
Alcohol or drug use
The FDA has repeatedly reprimanded Eli Lilly for running misleading ads that overstate the benefits of Cymbalta while downplaying the risks.
In 2005, the FDA said Eli Lilly had run ads in a medical journal that were misleading because they failed to disclose important risks and side effects, Pharma Times reported.
Then, in 2007, the FDA called out the company for using a professional mailer that "overstates the efficacy of Cymbalta and omits some of the most serious and important risk information associated with its use."
Eli Lilly suggested patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy "experienced significantly less pain interference with overall functioning" but there was no evidence the claim was true, the FDA said in letter to the company.
In an ad in the WebMD Little Blue Book of Rheumatology, the drug maker claimed patients with fibromyalgia could achieve a 30 percent improvement in pain after taking Cymbalta, MedCity News reported. The FDA said in 2010 that no data existed to support the claim.
In all these cases, the FDA ordered Eli Lilly to stop the ad campaigns.
Written By Michelle Llamas Senior Writer
Michelle Llamas has been writing articles and producing podcasts about drugs, medical devices and the FDA for nearly a decade. She focuses on various medical conditions, health policy, COVID-19, LGBTQ health, mental health and women's health issues. Michelle collaborates with experts, including board-certified doctors, patients and advocates, to provide trusted health information to the public. Some of her qualifications include:
Member of American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) and former Engage Committee and Membership Committee member
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Health Literacy certificates
Original works published or cited in The Lancet, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and the Journal for Palliative Medicine
Emily Miller Managing Editor
Dr. Ashraf Ali Psychiatrist
Anxiety and Depression Association of America. (n.d.). Medication. Retrieved from https://adaa.org/finding-help/treatment/medication
ClinicalTrials.gov. (2018, January 23). A Study of Duloxetine in Adolescents With Juvenile Primary Fibromyalgia Syndrome. Retrieved from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01237587
Drugs.com (n.d.). Cymbalta Prices, Coupons and Patient Assistance Programs. Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/cymbalta
Drugs.com. (n.d.). Cymbalta Prices, Coupons and Patient Assistance Programs. Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/cymbalta
Eli Lilly and Company. (2005, January 28). Duloxetine Application for Stress Urinary Incontinence Withdrawn From FDA Review. [Press Release]. Retrieved from https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lilly-and-boehringer-ingelheim-jointly-announce-recision-us-fda
Eli Lilly. (2004, September). FDA Approves Antidepressant Cymbalta for Treatment of Pain Caused by Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Which Affects up to 5 Million Americans. Retrieved from https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/fda-approves-antidepressant-cymbalta-treatment-pain-caused
Everyday Health. (n.d.). What is Cymbalta (Duloxetine)? Retrieved from https://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/cymbalta#interactions
Glenn, B. (2010, January 14). FDA slaps Eli Lilly for 'false or misleading claims' in ads for Cymbalta. Retrieved from https://medcitynews.com/2010/01/fda-slaps-eli-lilly-for-false-or-misleading-claims-in-ads-for-cymbalta/?rf=1
Goldstein, D.J. (2007, April). Duloxetine in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2654630/
Harvard Medical School. (n.d.). More than a Happiness Boost: How Mood Medications Help when You're Depressed. Retrieved from https://www.health.harvard.edu/depression/more-than-a-happiness-boost-how-mood-medications-help-when-youre-depressed
Knadler, M.P. et al. (2011). Duloxetine: clinical pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21366359
Marks, D.M., et al. (2009, December). Serotonin-Norepinephrine Inhibitors for Pain Control: Premise and Promise. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2811866/
National Alliance on Mental Illness. (n.d.). Duloxetine (Cymbalta). Retrieved from https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Mental-Health-Medications/Types-of-Medication/Duloxetine-(Cymbalta)
National Institutes of Health. (2016, May 15). Duloxetine. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a604030.html
National Institutes of Health. (n.d.). Drug Record: Duloxetine. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548820/
Pharma Times. (2005, November 11). Lilly rapped over Cymbalta ads. Retrieved from http://www.pharmatimes.com/news/lilly_rapped_over_cymbalta_ads_997584
Securities and Exchange Commission. (2018, September 30). Form 10-Q Eli Lilly and Company. Retrieved from https://investor.lilly.com/static-files/4bcd6baf-7936-48d7-af56-36fd9de55dcd
Swiatek, J. (2013, December 10). Loss of Cymbalta patent a major blow for Eli Lilly. Retrieved from https://www.indystar.com/story/money/2013/12/10/loss-of-cymbalta-patent-a-major-blow-for-eli-lilly/3956997/
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2007, October 3). Press Release: Warning Letter on Cymbalta. Retrieved from https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/press-release-warning-letter-on-cymbalta
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2017, January). Highlights of Prescribing Information. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/021427s049lbl.pdf
Upadhyaya, H. et al. (2018, September 15). Efficacy and Safety of Duloxetine versus Placebo in Adolescents with Juvenile Fibromyalgia: Results from a Phase 3b Randomized Study. Retrieved from https://webmobile.experientengage.com/~WCP181/#/eventItem/64517
Wilson, D. (2010, August 19). Lilly moves closer to Approval to Market Cymbalta for Chronic Pain. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/20/health/20drug.html
Wright, C.L. et al. (2010). Duloxetine for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3056054/


Creator: Unknown. September 24, 1998.
WIPO Copyright Treaty Implementation Legislation: Recent Developments, report, September 24, 1998; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc808073/: accessed April 25, 2019), University of North Texas Libraries, Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.


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Q: How to disable all of document event of webrowser control in WPF? I try to fire touch manipulation of LayoutRoot that has a webbrowse control as a child. Any events of LayoutRoot are not fire bacause of webbrowse control..
So, is it possible to close all of event of webbrowser control on WPF?

A: If you do not want the WebBrowser control to respond to user for any of the user's actions, you can place a transparent panel on the Web Browser control and assign all the required event listeners of LayoutRoot to the panel.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Lokomotiv, Ilnitskiy stay together
Lokomotiv Kuban Krasnodar and forward Stanislav Ilnitskiy have agreed to a new contract together for one more 7DAYS EuroCup season with an option for another. Ilnitskiy (2.00 meters, 25 years old) already has five EuroCup seasons under his belt, having debuted with Khimki Moscow Region as a teenager and played three seasons there, winning the 2015 EuroCup title in the middle year. Ilnitskiy moved to Lokomotiv in 2017 and has now played 67 career games in the EuroCup with averages of 2.9 points and 1.7 rebounds.
Lokomotiv pulled out win with heart and defense
It was not easy and it was not always pretty, but Lokomotiv Kuban Krasnodar started Evgeny Pashutin's new stint as the team's head coach with a win and kept its chances to...
Lokomotiv brings back Pashutin as coach
Lokomotiv Kuban Krasnodar has brought back two-time 7DAYS EuroCup champion Evgeny Pashutin to heads its bench for the rest of the season, the club announced on Monday.
Lokomotiv took step forward under interim coach
Lokomotiv Kuban Krasnodar came into the 7DAYS EuroCup as one of the top title contenders. Four straight losses led to the dismissal of head coach Luca Banchi, but the players...


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Turkeyfoot is an unincorporated community in North Carolina, United States. It is located on the Davie County and Iredell County line.

Geography
Turkeyfoot is located at .

Nearby communities include Sheffield, Harmony, Lone Hickory, Houstonville, and Cana.

One prominent local topographical feature is Bear Creek. It is of such local prominence that after Sandy Springs Road crosses from Iredell County to Davie County, the road name changes to Bear Creek Church Road. While not directly named after the creek, this road is named after a local church so named after the creek. While not a navigable waterway, Daniel Boone often hunted along properties he and his father owned along Bear Creek while he lived in Davie County during the 1750s and 1760s. Bear Creek is a tributary of the Yadkin River.

Economy
Historically Davie County has had less liberal laws with regard to alcohol sales than Iredell County. As these laws change in Davie County, it has adversely affect businesses that have traditionally prospered from alcohol sales across the county lines including those in the Turkeyfoot community.

Other local businesses include automotive repair garages, a farrier, a machine shop, a plant nursery, logging interests, dairy farms, family farms, digital film production services, and accounting services. Local churches include Rock Springs Baptist Church and Sandy Springs Baptist Church.

From the mid-1970, family farming has followed the national trend of decline in Turkeyfoot. Regulations, such as acreage allotment, on tobacco farming has severely impacted acreage cultivated in tobacco once common in the mid-1970s. Starting in the 1980s some larger farms have been sold and subdivided into residential lots.

References

Unincorporated communities in North Carolina
Unincorporated communities in Davie County, North Carolina

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


For someone who wears false lashes often, I am almost (too) familiar with the look of falsies on, and feel 'naked' without falsies on. However, frequent use of false lashes can lead to damaged lashes, eye irritation and the discomfort if worn continuously.
I am a contact lens wearer, and after a while, I find it such a chore to wear falsies on the daily. I love how they look, but not everyone has the time to sit and apply lashes perfectly, every single day! Especially when I travel!
I have always wanted to try eyelash extensions, but was always afraid of the damage my natural lashes would face from unprofessional salons/ strong glue (I have sensitive eyes). I must admit I was spooked by the horror stories on Instagram about natural lashes falling off & eye infections. I researched and scouted around for a salon that had good reviews and service, and came across Lash Magic.
Lash Magic is owned by Carragheen from Singapore.
Carragheen extensions are semi-permanent eyelash extensions comprised of individual synthetic eyelashes that are curved to replicate a natural eyelash. They are thicker at the base and taper to a fine tip. They are applied to individual eyelashes, one extension at a time, for a natural, elegant look to lengthen and add fullness to the existing lashes. Carragheen's eyelash extensions are done by trained lash artist.
Natural eyelashes grow in and fall out in cycles (every 60 to 90 days). When a natural lash matures and falls out, a new lash has already been growing and quickly replaces it without us noticing the turnover. This process is constant and at any given moment our many natural lashes are at different stages of maturity. Some are just growing in while others are ready to shed. People typically shed between 1 and 5 natural lashes each day depending on their individual growth cycles. On shorter natural lashes this growing and shedding cycle is virtually unnoticeable. When eyelashes are extended, it will be more noticeable when these lashes shed because they are longer and darker than natural lashes. Please keep in mind this is a perfectly normal occurrence with or without extensions. Lash Stylists will apply extension primarily to those lashes that are in the middle of their maturation cycle to maximum the amount of time they will last, without jeopardizing the health of 'baby lashes'. The extension will fall out with the natural lash it is attached to when it reaches the end of its growth cycle. A few extensions may shed within the first week because the attached natural lashes are at the end of their growth cycle. Most will remain in place for approximately one to two months. With proper care and maintenance, touch ups are typically needed only once every 2 to 4 weeks to replace the lashes that have shed. Your Lash Stylist will add extensions to the newest mature natural lashes to maintain a full, lush appearance.
I've revisited the salon numerous times and tried out most of the extension styles. My favorite is the latest Chiffon lash plan! And I love the 14mm, D curl most! Below are some photos with detailed information.
All in all, I love how they look, feel and wear. I also skip eyeshadow these days because the lashes look great on their own! (You can use eye makeup with extensions on – just avoid oil based removers!) It is amazing for us girls on the go, perfect for traveling, and I experience no issues using contact lenses with extensions.
IMPORTANT: I recommend wearing glasses to your appointment if you normally wear lenses (or bring your lenses with you in a case) – your eyes will be closed for over an hour and this can sometimes dry out your eyes and cause irritation. This also lowers the risk of an eye infection/ bloodshot eyes! Trust me on this, I once got extensions done with my lenses on and the next day, I had bloodshot eyes on the lower half of my eyes. They felt dry and irritated. My bad for being lazy. Safe is better than sorry kids!
I highly recommend getting your lashes done at Lash Magic. The service is amazing. The salon is clean & relaxing (I sleep through my sessions btw), and the quality of the lashes & glue is top notch.
You can get a 30% discount off your total bill (for new & existing customers) – just quote 'AMANDA IMANI' when making your appointment!
All lash services are sponsored by Lash Magic. All opinions are my own.


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Manhunt underway for 2 inmates who escaped Arizona prison Saturday
Gov. Doug Ducey says he authorized rewards of $35,000 each for information that would lead to their capture.
Jan. 25, 2021, 6:51 PM UTC
By Doha Madani
A manhunt is underway for two Arizona inmates who escaped from a prison complex over the weekend, authorities said.
John Charpiot, 49, and David Harmon, 61, were last seen at the Arizona State Prison Complex in Florence on Saturday, according to the Arizona Department of Corrections. The men were unaccounted for by the time the prison's 8:30 p.m. headcount.
Charpiot was serving a 35-year sentence for a 2011 conviction of child molestation and sexual abuse. Harmon was sentenced to 100 years in prison the following year after being convicted on kidnapping and second-degree burglary charges, the department said
Both men, who were considered "medium-custody" inmates, are considered dangerous as authorities attempt to find them.
Last night, 2 inmates escaped from the state prison in Florence, AZ. Law enforcement will work non-stop to locate and apprehend them.@USMarshalsHQ & I authorized a $35K reward, per escapee, for information leading to their capture. Call Silent Witness (480-WITNESS) and/or 911. pic.twitter.com/9Bw0m6KSZa
— Doug Ducey (@dougducey) January 24, 2021
Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey announced Sunday that he, along with the U.S. Marshals Service, have authorized rewards of $35,000 per inmate for information that would lead to their capture.
"Last night, 2 inmates escaped from the state prison in Florence, AZ," Ducey tweeted. "Law enforcement will work non-stop to locate and apprehend them."
The state's department of corrections called the capture of Charpiot and Harmon its top priority and says it has dedicated all available resources, including the fugitive apprehension unit and dog tracking team, in the search effort.
Anyone with possible information on the men is encouraged to contact the state's silent witness tip line at 480-948-6377.
Doha Madani
Doha Madani is a breaking news reporter for NBC News. Pronouns: she/her.


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how to make sure kids become as disturbed as possible
December 11, 2006 in The Boulevard of the Bored
this really made me see red just now:
4 -year-old Accused of Improperly Touching Teacher
4 Year Old Accused of Improperly Touching Teacher
by Jennifer Kent
BELLMEAD- A four-year-old hugged his teachers aide and was put into in-school suspension, according to the father. But La Vega school administrators have a different story.
Damarcus Blackwell's four-year-old son was lining-up to get on the bus after school last month, when he was accused of rubbing his face in the chest of a female employee.
The prinicipal of La Vega Primary School sent a letter to the Blackwells that said the pre-kindergartener demonstrated "inappropriate physical behavior interpreted as sexual contact and/or sexual harassment."
Blackwell says it's ridiculous that the aide would misread a hug from a four-year-old. Blackwell wrote to administrators demanding that the whole incident be expunged from his son's academic file because his son is too young to know what it means to act sexually.
David Davis, the executive director of the Advocacy Center in Waco tends to agree with Blackwell. He says assuming the boy has not had sexual encounters, or been inappropriately exposed to pornography, most four-year-olds are sexually innocent.
Blackwell got a response from the La Vega administration. The sexual references on the discipline referral were removed. But the thing that makes Blackwell most upset is they told him "your request for an apology by the aide and removal of all paperwork regarding this incident is denied." Now the young student's file will refer to the incident as "inappropriate physical contact." And Blackwell says he will continue to fight the district.
La Vega I.S.D. administrators told News Channel 25 they couldn't comment on this case because of student privacy issues.
are they out of their collective mind?? the next thing will be that a baby boy is greeted in his new life right at birth with a lawsuit because it dared to touch his mother's vagina. this is so sick.
Guest Sue
I just cannot believe that! What sort of idiots brands a four year old that way!
Guest Candy
Location:Back in Middle Earth
This is really disturbing.
I don't like this part - "assuming the boy has not had sexual encounters, or been inappropriately exposed to pornography". Even though David Davis supports the father, a comment like this just suggests that the next thing we hear about the case will be the parent under investigated for sexual abuse, because how else would the child know about "sexual behaviour"?
What is wrong with the mind of the teacher who reported this "incident"? It's truly disgusting that anyone can put that kind of spin on a toddlers cuddle. She must be one sick human being.
It's truly disgusting that anyone can put that kind of spin on a toddlers cuddle. She must be one sick human being.
yes, that's what i found really scary, too.
how can a child develop any kind of healthy relationship with a history like that? how is he ever going to be able to touch any female, in what way and context ever, without experiencing the chilly moment of - am i allwed to do that?
i think the (necessary) awareness of sexual abuse in families has brought with it already a sad by-product, in that a lot of fathers are afraid to cuddle their little ones. there have been quite a few incidents when things were construed as being sexual. that is bad enough, but i can see that it is important we keep our eyes open.
but this is just a new and sick kind of blindfolding.
I can believe it, sadly. But it's utterly ludicrous. My friend's 4-year old (smashing little lad, with wonderful parents) had a fixation with boobs and was inclined to grab at them if they were within reach - he just liked them! What would they have done to him?
It's all gone way past the point of stupidity - in schools you have to walk so carefully so as to not be misinterpreted; on outings - particularly with nursery groups -if a kid wants to hold your hand you have to back off and not do it, what message are we passing on to the kids? Not to touch? That all touching is 'dirty'? Contact with other humans is wrong?
One of my Mum's pupils liked sitting in her lap best of all the staff as "you have comfy boobies like my Mummy". Little girl was obviously a lesbian deviant. I don't know how my Mum got through it Surely it's obvious that children are naturally drawn to breasts, having been fed by them - it's like us eyeing a good bottle of wine.
Surely it's obvious that children are naturally drawn to breasts, having been fed by them - it's like us eyeing a good bottle of wine.
and the DO feel nice.
if a kid wants to hold your hand you have to back off and not do it
that is really sad. it is crippling the kids.
Guest Girl from Mars
People like this teacher can say hello to my ignore list. Incredible.
It is something you have to keep in mind at schools. We have some huggy kids and they do hug us. No one has complained so far.
As for kids only having been exposed to sexual situations at home, that's not true. I remember "playing doctor" with others kids before I started grade school. Natural curiosity just kicks in.
I hope that Dad keeps trying to get the record erased. Some smart lawyer should get ahold of this.
… and on that level it is important and healthy, too.
Guest nori
he might be accused of indecent exposure by the doctor and nurses.
did you know that you can be accused of sexual harassment by a co-worker, just by giving a friend a kiss and a hug.
this is RIDICULOUS. i'm amazed that the school didn't fire the teacher/ aide (aiding WHAT? *grrrr*) for even putting up such a ludicrous claim.
and what nonsense about children being exposed to sexuality only at home! aside from "playing doctor" as jude pointed out, look at what's on tv and newspapers. how can any child that can see not be exposed to sexuality? and why should being exposed to sexuality mean that any contact with an erogenous zone HAS to be sexual? that would mean every hug a sexually aware adult engages in is a sexual act.
most kids i can think of are fascinated with breasts. aside from everything else, they pop out. AND, from time to time, they bounce. that's the basis for almost all toys that kids are given.
absolute bollocks. strong thonking vibes to that teacher. idiot woman.
Here is another example. Apparently the mother had her son arrested for opening up his xmas pressies too early.


After 30 years as a hardware development engineer in the T&M industry, I joined the Mathworks Applications Engineering group. When I started in 2001, the AE head count was about 10. When I retired in 2015, it was over 200! Working for a growing organization is far better than a shrinking one. That said, I am still an avid user of both MATLAB and Simulink. My latest Simulink project is and FPGA based radio (see my QRZ page). As for MATLAB, I'm using it to control GPIB based test equipment. New uploads will hopefully be coming soon! (September 2017).


With the goal of both eliminating pathogenic fungi from the body and minimizing the risk of exposure to mycotoxins, it is important to use every tool available. Pathogenic fungi and yeasts are insidious organisms linked to a wide variety of health problems. Often, people who suffer from these types of underlying infections are afflicted with difficult-to-diagnose issues for years before discovering that yeasts and fungi lie at the root of their problem.
If we are to eliminate pathogenic yeasts and fungi in order to begin the healing process, your diet must be addressed; this is the goal of The Kaufmann Diet. However, after your diet is properly addressed, there are still some other tools we have available to us that can assist us in eliminating these organisms from our body. These come in the form of antifungal supplements.
Antifungal supplements are not to be confused with prescription antifungals available. These, obviously, require a doctor's prescription. Since most physicians are not particularly familiar with just how virulent these organisms are––and many remain unwilling to consider that yeasts and fungi can play a role in serious symptoms––these often do not constitute a first-line defense for people on the Kaufmann Diet.
Of course, since these are also powerful medicines with potential side effects, it might be wise to try something more natural, in the first place, if possible.
Surprisingly, many natural antifungals perform just as well as prescription Antifungals at killing yeast, and are usually far safer than prescriptions!
The supplements below represent a small portion of the anti-fungal supplements available, but they are among the best. Ideally, these would be taken as directed for the entirety of the bottle, at which point you should switch to a different anti-fungal.
Cinnamon oil outperformed certain prescription Antifungals at killing yeast. Needless to say, this makes it an important, powerful tool in your supplement cabinet.
Similar to cinnamon oil, clove oil has potent Anti-fungal properties. This aromatic essential oil also performed better than certain prescription Antifungals at killing yeast in some studies, as well.
Oregano has been used for thousands of years medicinally, but the oil of oregano, in particular, has some very potent Anti-fungal properties. It can be found in capsules, but some people opt to take the oil under the tongue. The taste is strong, but the benefits are profound!
The active ingredient in olive leaf extract is oleuropein, which has potent Anti-fungal and antimicrobial capabilities. Look for varieties high in the active ingredient.
Caprylic acid is a fatty acid derived from coconut oil, which is, itself, potently Anti-fungal and perhaps beneficial for topical fungal problems. Caprylic acid can be taken internally and is an excellent yeast-killer.
Psyllium hulls is a non-soluble fiber; this means what goes in, must come out. It does not necessarily kill fungi or yeast, per se, but it is beneficial for maintaining regularity, but it has another unique characteristic that makes it particularly beneficial for an Anti-fungal supplement regimen; psyllium hulls binds to mycotoxins and assists in sweeping them out of the gut.
This is important; as one begins to eliminate pathogenic fungi, often times people report feeling worse for a period of a couple weeks. As fungi and yeast are starved and/or killed, they release some of the toxins. Psyllium can assist in ridding the system of these and other toxins.
Unlike the other supplements mentioned––which would ideally be rotated––psyllium is a supplement that can be used regularly.


As predator fish begin their fall feeding habits, their focus centers on large forage. Young of the year perch, cisco, river shiners and chubs, along with other forage, such as frogs, crawfish and even their own offspring will be targeted. Successful trophy hunters will match the hatch, almost scientifically, at this time of year. Imitation of the forage base is very critical and a key to productivity during the fall feeding binge!
Feeding forays are anything but mysterious! The fish have to eat a lot as summer activity increases. The perdition cycle is in high gear on reefs, large points and adjacent flats, and in neck down flowage areas. Veteran anglers can predict these movements, and position themselves for hot late summer or early fall action on the biggest fish of the year. Big fish become vulnerable for longer periods in the fall because they move into areas where baitfish are staging, some remaining in the general area through winter. To catch walleyes during fall transition and early fall consider the tendency for walleyes to move up. An obvious relationship exists between prey and walleye movements during this transition period. Forage fish move shallow during turnover and early fall because cooler water now becomes available there. And walleyes follow their food to these areas.
The sunlight penetration also makes a big difference as to where the walleyes are located on any given hump. You wouldn't think that sunlight penetration would go down as far as 25 or 30 feet but in clear lakes it does. So when fishing, pay close attention to the sun and make sure that you fish the shady side of that hump. More active fish will be found in this area.
I prefer shallow rock humps with big, boulder-sized rocks. I also prefer them to be fairly close in proximity to shore. They don't necessarily have to be tied to the shoreline, but they should be fairly close.
The rocks, if they are close enough to the surface, absorb heat from the sun like a solar panel. The warmth attracts minnows and you know the rest. A few scattered weeds growing up between the rocks can be a real bonus.
Massive bait schools break up and walleyes head for specific structural elements that funnel scattered, roaming forage past specific spots. Look for long fingers or spines that protrude toward the main lake. Roaming baitfish usually congregate along these fingers and filter down them. Walleyes wait at the tips. Find those spots and you'll find big walleyes. Bright warm days are preferred to cold, blustery ones. The sun is lower in the sky this time of year, so light penetration is decreased. However, bright days will cause the water to warm up, which will turn fish on. Frequently, action will be better from mid-day on. A wind coming into the rock pile can be advantageous, although I have enjoyed some nice catches on, calm days too. Remember that the angle of the sun's rays is not as direct at this time of year so the fish can be quite shallow. The direction of the wind will have a lot to do with how the fish locate. Usually they will be working the windy side of the rock pile.
These spots vary but are based on factors like: water temperature, availability of baitfish, oxygen, light level, structure and schooling tendencies. Success rests with proper presentation. Once you have located the edge and fish, the next step is to entice them to bite. Your bait presentation will depend upon the specific edge that you have selected. If the walleyes are directly below and concentrated on a physical edge you can backtroll a livebait rig, jig, or a bottom bouncer rig, keeping the bait among the fish you see on the depthfinder. This is one of the ways my Lowrance X-15 MT comes in handy. If you find the fish strung out along the edge, keep the bait moving and they will bite. If they're clumped up in one spot, hover over them and vertically jig them.
Rocks also attract fish, try rocky shorelines. Rock piles, humps or where rocks and weeds meet or are intermixed, work it over thoroughly with a jig or live bait presentation. Try to determine where fish are holding. Keep asking yourself the question what is their pattern?
Constant bottom contact is essential even though it increases the potential for snags. Use a small jig head with a wide hook gap to deliver the bait in wavy conditions. Leeches are an outstanding rock bait because they can take the pounding.
Drifting the breakline on a windy day is a way to catch trophy walleyes. The tackle is simple and the methods are easy to learn. First, use jigs tipped with a crawler, leech or minnow. The size of the jig should be just enough so you have contact with the bottom. For example, on a river like the Mississippi, I prefer to use 1/8 ounce or 1/4 ounce Fuzzy Grub jigs. The important factor here is the shape of the head. The head of the jig should be round or a stand-up type of jig. This design helps when you are in an area that has snags, especially in timber or rocks. When I am on a large lake, I might switch to a lighter jig, spinner or a Lindy rig.
With the cooling temperatures and the rough and tumble weather of fall don't put that boat away just yet, get out and fish the edges for some fall transitional walleyes. You might be surprised at the wallhanger you hook into.


text:
Roman Julius Caesar Denarius "Dictator for Life" 44 BC
Obv: Laureated and veiled head r."CAESAR DICT PERPETV" : Venus stdg left holding victory and scepter.
Metal: Silver 3.91grams, 20 mm diameter. Condition: VF/F+ good metal.
This coin was issued declaring that Caesar was chosen as Dictator for Life (Perpetual). Effectively ending the republic. It was issued only about a month before his assassination and this honor may have been the final straw for the defenders of the Republic.
<Rome>
Born in 100 BC, he rose to prominence rather late in life and at the age of 31 he was ashamed of how few accomplishments he had made compared to Alexander the Great at the same age. Caesar's early career followed a predictable pattern for a Roman noble man until 65 BC when, while deeply in debt, he became allied with Crassus (the wealthiest man in Rome). Crassus recognized something special about Caesar's skills and realized it would benefit him to have Caesar as an ally. In 63 BC, Caesar engineered his election to the position of "pontifex maximus" (head of the pristhood). He later became governor of "Hispania Ulterior" (farther Spain), which ended in 60 BC. Caesar returned to Rome and in 59 BC formed the "First Triumvirate" with Crassus and Pompey, which was sealed by the marriage of Caesar's daughter Julia to Pompey. Through this strong political alliance Caesar was elected to consulship along with Pompey, after which he took control of 4 legions in Gaul. Caesar spent 8 years conquering Gaul and became an experienced general. Fearing Caesar's popularity, the senate refused Caesar's request to bring his troops into Rome for a triumph. Caesar defied the Senate and brought his troops to Italy with the famous crossing of the Rubicon on 10 January 49 BC. Meanwhile, Pompey had assembled an army in Greece and they met at the battle of Pharsalus on 9 August 48 BC. Pompey was defeated and fled to Egypt. Caesar followed and in Egypt Caesar became involved with the Egyptian queen Cleopatra. In 47 BC, Caesar returned to Italy and stamped out a mutiny. In 46 BC, Caesar stamped out republican resistance in North Africa. He returned to Rome on 25 July 46 BC and requested Cleopatra to join him. Although Caesar was much beloved, Cleopatra was not. In 45 BC, Caesar stamped out the last republican resistance in Spain, followed by his Spanish triumph in October 45 BC
Caesar was at the height of his power and on 14 Feburary 44 BC he was given the title "dictator perpetuus" (dictator for life) - commemorated on this coin. Caesar still wanted more, as he wanted to conquer Asia as had been done by his hero Alexander the Great, however the Sibylline Books prophesied that only a king could conquer Parthia - Caesar was a mere dictator. Caesar through his chief lieutenant "Mark Anthony" began steps to become king. The Senators (about 60 participated) were angered and fearful of their positions and on the Ides (15th) March 44 BC, Caesar was brutally killed in public as an act of liberty from the tyrant.


text:
Why AC
Urban by AC
141 Darling Point Road, Darling Point, DARLING POINT
It has just been magnificently renovated. It's unquestionably beautiful – it could be a design magazine cover story. It stands on the fingertip of one of Sydney's most prestigious peninsulas. This four bedroom Victorian terrace is an executive family masterpiece. And it comes with a long lease.
Open, light-filled and with a remarkable sense of space, the home is now a wonderful fusion of classic and avant-garde features. An ultra-modern family living and dining, lined with retractable glass walls and polished concrete flooring, is juxtaposed with a traditional formal lounge and dining room. These joined rooms are graced with two fireplaces, high ceilings and ceiling roses. The casual living spaces, which include underfloor heating, open to a topiary-lined terrace with ship's decking flooring and a bluestone lined pool. Exquisitely unconventional chandeliers feature in all major rooms.
The new smoked ash and stainless steel kitchen is a gourmet's paradise, its custom-designed joinery remarkable.
Upstairs, the traditional corridor has had its ceiling dramatically lifted and replaced with a full-length skylight, filling the whole storey with light.
The master, with its striking woodgrain feature wall, is a sanctuary that includes an elegantly appointed ensuite, a huge his-and-hers walk-in wardrobe and its own balcony.
There's a home office / fourth bedroom with views over the terrace to the pool.
The second bedroom is especially generous and includes a mounted television and spacious built-in wardrobe. The third bedroom is a child's delight with its built-in bunk bed standing above a desk for play or homework. The second bathroom is outstanding, its annex housing a free-standing bath for me-time in absolute and private luxury.
All appliances, including as new washing machine and dryer, are provided. Contact Betina to inspect 0418 481969
Contact Betina King 02 9363 2234 alison@alisoncoopes.com
Speak to one of our agents today
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Copyright © 2019 Alison Coopes. All rights reserved.


Helping the College of Organisational Psychologists get its thinking straight.
We established the messaging framework that the College of Organisational Psychologists (Western Australia) needed to move forward and successfully engage with different audiences, from students to business leaders. Find out what we did, and how it went down.


Cheshire's John Williams TT career spanned eleven years between 1968 and 1978. In that time he won a total of four races, the first in 1971 and the last in 1976. His debut ride in the Senior of 1968 on a Matchless Metisse provided him with his first silver replica for 11th position. From then on his TT career progressed with the usual ups and downs that become part of a road racers lifestyle. 1971 was to see John's initial victory, riding a 500 Honda in the Production Race, which he led from start to finish. (It was to be a "Williams" benefit - namesake Peter broke the lap record in the 750 class and Charlie set the fastest lap in the 250 as John also broke the lap record in the 500!) John was to repeat his Production win in 1972, this time in the 250cc class still Honda mounted. The remainder of that year saw him retire in the Junior, come hone 7th in the F.750 and the 250 Lightweight saw him in 3rd place. However, the Senior was to prove the metal of the man, riding a G50 Matchless he was up against the might of the MV Team of Agostini and Pagani, managing to split the pair for most of the race, only to be reported as 'touring' at the Bungalow on his final circuit. Many a rider would have stopped, but not John, he rode down the Mountain and pushed in from Governor's to take 28th place out of 36 finishers. 1973 recorded a brace of retirements, a third and two runner positions, whilst his 1974 effort saw his consistently on the leaderboard during practice, only to crash during the last session on the Friday evening, sidelining for race week. Fully fit for the 1975 TT he was third in the 250; second in the Senior and took his first big TT win taking the flag in the Classic 1000cc Race. With full factory backing from Suzuki in 1976, his confidence was high with a 500 for the Senior and a 750 for the Classic. From a standing start in the Senior he broke the lap record and upped it on his second circuit and continued to lead for the remaining four laps. However, just as he was in sight of the chequered flag the 500 Suzuki went dead – out of petrol. Determined to finish he pushed the big machine over the line for 7th place, collapsing with exhaustion. Making up for his disappointment he won the Classic TT with the added satisfaction of setting new class and lap record of 108.18 mph and 110.21 mph. Although back as a 'privateer' in 1977 his TT expectations were high, but it was not to be – in both races, the Classic and the Senior he retired with engine problems. 1978 was to be John's final TT – though no one knew that at the time – In the Formula One Race he was aboard a 'works' Honda which he brought home into 2nd place behind the legendary Mike Hailwood. In the Senior, this time on a Suzuki, he was holding second place for 4 of the 6 laps behind Tom Herron, when he was forced to retire on the 5th lap with a split water hose whilst going down the Cronk-y-voddy straight. For the Classic 1000cc race John chose the 'smaller' 500cc Suzuki. Mick Grant won on his 750 Kawasaki with John having to settle for 2nd in front of the other 750's.


text:
Q: React link's onClick event state change is not happening I have used react links with mui and I am trying to highlight the active link in header. My attempt is as below.
import Link from "@mui/material/Link";
import { Link as RouterLink } from "react-router-dom";

const [active, setActive] = useState(0);
<Link
   {...{color: "inherit",component: RouterLink, onClick: (()=>setActive(1)),
        style: { textDecoration: active === 1 ? "underline" : "none"},
        to: "abc"}}>
   Abc
</Link>

Here when I clicked abc for the first time state is not changing. So link is not get underlined. But once I click again state get changed and link gets underlined. So how can I get it underlined even for the first click?


text:
Q: How to keep flash from focussing on child object, which messes up tabindex I have a button with a tabIndex. The button contains a textfield.
When I click on the edge of the button and hit tab, the next item is correctly focussed.
But when I click on the textfield (non-editable,not tab-enabled, no tabindex), and then hit tab, it focusses on the first object on the page, even though the parents focusIn function is triggered, in which I'm setting the focus to the parent object:
parentObject:
addEventListener(FocusEvent.FOCUS_IN, focusIn);

private function focusIn(e:FocusEvent):void
{
    //shows the child object (a textfield) has the focus
    FlashConnect.trace(Main.instance.stage.focus);

    //causes this focusIn function to be called again, but only once again, since then the focus does not change anymore
    Main.instance.stage.focus = this;

    //shows THIS parent object now has the focus
    FlashConnect.trace(Main.instance.stage.focus);

    //shows the correct tabIndex, which makes me expect the next item should be selected when I hit tab right?
    FlashConnect.trace(Main.instance.stage.focus.tabIndex);
}

Any ideas how to solve this?

A: Have you tried setting mouseEnabled, mouseChildren, and tabChildren? Also, I have to point out that a Singleton View is even more bad practice than other Singletons.  You're likely to really regret this architectural choice long term.