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Software Roles and Titles
Photo by Henry (CC-BY-2.0)
I?ve noticed a lot of confusion in the industry about various software roles and titles, even among founders, hiring managers, and team builders. What are the various roles and responsibilities on a software team, and which job titles tend to cover which roles?
Before I dig into this too much, I?d like to emphasize that every team is unique, and responsibilities tend to float or be shared between different members of the team. Anybody at any time can delegate responsibilities to somebody else for various reasons.
If your team isn?t exactly what I describe here, welcome to the club. I suspect very few teams and particular software roles will match perfectly with what we?re about to explore. This is just a general framework that describes averages more than any particular role or team.
I?ll start with management titles and work my way through various roles roughly by seniority.
I?d also like to emphasize that you should not feel constrained by your job title. I like to build an engineering culture which favors:
Skills over titles
Continuous delivery over deadlines
Support over blame
I like to reward initiative with increased responsibility, and if somebody has the skills and initiative to take on and outgrow the title they?re hired for, I like to promote rather than risk losing a rising star to another company or team.
Software Development Roles
Engineering Fellow
CIO/Chief Digital Officer/Chief Innovation Officer
VP of Engineering/Director of Engineering
Engineering Project Manager/Engineering Manager
Technical Lead/Engineering Lead/Team Lead
Senior Software Engineer/Senior Software Developer
Junior Software Developer
Intern Software Developer
We?ll also talk a little about how these roles relate to other roles including:
VP of Product Management/Head of Product
Note: Sometimes ?director?, or ?head? titles indicate middle managers between tech managers and the C-Suite. Often, ?Chief? titles indicate a C-suite title. C-suite employees typically report directly to the CEO, and have potentially many reports in the organizations they lead. At very large companies, those alternate titles often fill similar roles to C-suite executives, but report to somebody who is effectively the CEO of a smaller business unit within the larger organization. Different business units sometimes operate as if they are separate companies, complete with their own isolated accounting, financial officers, etc. Different business units can also have VPs, e.g., ?Vice President of Engineering, Merchant Operations?.
The title ?fellow? is the pinnacle of achievement for software engineers. It is typically awarded in recognition of people who have made outstanding contributions to the field of computing, and is usually awarded after an engineer writes a number of top selling books, wins prizes like the Turing Award, the Nobel Prize, etc. In other words, fellows are usually already famous outside the organization, and the company is trying to strengthen their brand by more strongly associating themselves with admired and influential people.
In my opinion, organizations should not try to hire for ?fellow? roles. Instead, find the best and brightest, hire them, and then grant the title (and benefits) if the engineer is deserving of it.
A fellow typically also holds another title at the company. Often a CTO, Architect, VP of Engineering, or principal role, where they are in a position to lead, mentor, or serve as an example and inspiration to other members of the organization.
The CEO is the position of most authority in an organization. Typically, they set the vision and north star for the company. They rally everybody around a common understanding of why the company exists, what the mission is, and what the company?s values are. Frequently, CEOs are also the public face of the company, and in some cases, become synonymous with the brand (e.g., Steve Jobs with Apple, Elon Musk with Tesla/SpaceX, etc.)
In some cases, CEOs are also the technical founder of a software organization, in which case, they also often fill the CTO role, and may have a VPs of Operations, Sales, Strategy, and Marketing helping with some of the other common CEO responsibilities.
The CEO of a small company frequently wears a lot of hats, as you may have picked up from all the other roles that fell out of the CEO title when I mentioned that some CEOs lead the technology team.
In any case, if there are important organizational decisions to be made, you can?t run it up the chain of responsibility any higher than the CEO.
If you are a CEO, remember that you?re ultimately responsible, and you should trust your instincts, but don?t forget that even most famous CEOs have mentors and advisors they consult with on a regular basis. Trust your gut, but seek out smart, insightful people to challenge you to improve, as well.
Like the CEO role, the CTO role shape-shifts over time. At young startups, the CTO is often a technical cofounder to a visionary or domain-driven CEO. Frequently they are not qualified to take the title at a larger company, and hopefully grow into it as the company grows. Frequently, a startup CTO finds that they prefer more technical engineering roles, and settle back into other roles, like Principal Engineer, VP of Engineering, or Chief Architect.
In many organizations, the mature CTO role is outward facing. They participate in business development meetings, frequently helping to land large partnerships or sales. Many of them hit the conference circuit and spend a lot of time evangelizing the development activities of the organization to the wider world: sharing the company?s innovations and discovering opportunities in the market which match up well with the company?s core competencies. CTOs frequently work closely with the product team on product strategy, and often have an internal-facing counterpart in engineering, such as the VP of Engineering.
CTOs also frequently set the vision and north star of the engineering team. The goals for the team to work towards.
The Chief Innovation Officer (CIO) is like a CTO, but typically employed by a company that would not normally be considered a ?tech company?. The goal of the CIO is to reshape the company into one that consumers perceive as tech-savvy and innovative: To show the world what the future of the industry looks like, no matter what that industry is. For example, a home remodeling superstore chain might have a CIO responsible for partnering with tech companies to build a mixed reality app to show shoppers what a specific couch or wall color would look like in their living room, or using blockchains and cryptocurrencies to enhance the security and efficiency of supply chain logistics.
Not to be confused with a Chief Information Officer (CIO), a title which is typically used in companies who are even more detached from technology, interested about as far as it aids their core operations. Unlike a Chief Innovation Officer, A Chief Information Officer is more likely to be leading tech integration and data migration projects than building new apps and trying to figure out how a company can disrupt itself from the inside. There are Chief Information Officers who act more like Chief Innovation Officers, but in my opinion, they should use the appropriate title.
Most tech-native companies (app developers, etc) don?t have either kind of CIO. Instead, those responsibilities fall to the CTO and VP of Engineering.
While CTOs often face outward, the VP of Engineering often faces inward. A VP of Engineering is frequently responsible for building the engineering team and establishing the engineering culture and operations. The CTO might tell the engineering team what needs to get done on the grand scale, e.g., ?be the leading innovator in human/computer interaction?. The VP of Engineering helps foster a culture that manages the ?how?. The best VPs of Engineering at first come across as somebody who?s there to help the team work efficiently, and then they almost disappear. Developers on the team collaborate well, mentor each other, communicate effectively, and they think, ?Hey, we?re a great team. We work really well together!? and maybe they think that?s all a lucky accident.
The truth is that almost never happens by accident. It happens because there?s a VP of Engineering constantly monitoring the team?s progress, process, culture, and tone of communications. They?re encouraging developers to use certain tools, hold specific kinds of meetings at specific times in order to foster better collaboration with fewer interruptions. The best VPs of Engineering have been engineers, both on dysfunctional teams, and on highly functional teams. They know the patterns and anti-patterns for effective software development workflows.
They work with the heads of product and product managers to ensure that there?s a good product discovery process (they don?t lead it or take charge of it, just make sure that somebody is on it and doing it well), and that product and design deliverables are adequately reviewed by engineers prior to implementation hand offs. I?m going to stop there before I write a book on all the work that goes into leading effective development operations. For more of my thoughts on this topic, check out How to Build a High Velocity Development Team.
Many startups are too small to hire a full time VP of Engineering, but it?s still very important to get engineering culture right as early as possible. If you need help with this, reach out.
At small organizations, the chief architect could be a technical co-founder with the self-awareness to realize that they won?t want the responsibilities of a CTO as the company grows. Maybe they don?t like to travel, or are simply more interested in software design than conference talks, business development, and sales calls that infiltrate the lives of many CTOs. The chief architect may be responsible for selecting technology stacks, designing collaborations and interfaces between computing systems, assessing compute services offerings (AWS, Azure, ZEIT Now, etc.), and so on. A chief architect may evaluate a wide range of industry offerings and make pre-approved or favored recommendations to work with particular vendors.
As the company matures, the chief architect may also need to work closely with the CTO, and sometimes partner organizations to develop integrations between services. At many companies, the CTO also serves as the chief architect.
A software architect serves many of the purposes of a chief architect, but is generally responsible for smaller cross-sections of functionality. Architects will often work with the chief architect to implement their slice of the larger architectural vision. Software architects often make tech stack choices for particular applications or features, rather than company-wide decisions.
Engineering Project Manager/Engineering Manager/Project Manager
An Engineering Project Manager (also called ?Engineering Manager? or simply ?Project Manager?) is in charge of managing the workflow of an engineering team. Some larger companies have both Engineering Managers and Project Managers. In that case, the Engineering Manager typically acts like the VP of Engineering at the local team scope, while the Project Manager takes on the responsibilities described here.
Project Managers typically interface with both product leaders and an engineering leader such as VP of Engineering, CTO, or a middle manager to cultivate and prune the work backlogs, track the progress of work tickets, detailed progress reports (milestone burn down charts, completed vs open tickets, month/month progress reports, etc.) You can think of them as the analog of a shop manager for a manufacturing assembly line. They watch the work floor and make sure that the assembly line runs smoothly, and work product isn?t piling up on the floor in front of a bottleneck.
The best Project Managers also spend a lot of time classifying issues and bugs in order to analyze metrics like bug density per feature point, what caused the most bugs (design error, spec error, logic error, syntax error, type error, etc.) and so on. Those kinds of metrics can be used to measure the effectiveness of various initiatives, and point out where improvements can be made to the engineering process.
Engineering Managers tend to develop a good understanding of the strengths of various team members, and get good at assigning work tickets to the appropriate responsible parties, although, this should be a collaborative effort, seeking feedback from individual developers on what their career goals are and what they want to focus on, within the bounds of the project scope available.
If there is time pressure or work backlogs piling up, the Project Manager should collaborate with the engineering and product leaders to figure out the root cause and correct the dysfunction as soon as possible.
Wherever possible, the Project Managers should be the only ones directly delegating tasks to individual engineers in order to avoid the multiple bosses problem. Engineers should have a clear idea of who they report directly to, and who?s in charge of delegating to them. If you?re a different kind of engineering leader, and you?re guilty of delegating directly to engineers, it?s probably a good idea to coordinate with the Engineering Manager in charge of the report you?re delegating to and delegate through them so that the work receives correct, coordinated prioritization, and the Engineering Manager is aware of what each engineer is actively working on at any given moment.
At very small organizations, the Engineering Manager is often also the CTO and VP of Engineering (with or without the corresponding titles). If that?s you, don?t worry about the previous paragraph.
A common dysfunction is that the Engineering Manager can begin to think that because product hands off work for engineering to implement, and Engineering Managers work closely with product teams, that the Engineering Manager reports to a Product Manager. In every case I?ve seen that happen, it was a mistake. See ?Avoiding Dysfunctions?? below.
Tech Lead/Team Lead
The Tech Lead or Team Lead is usually the leader of a small number of developers. They are usually senior engineers who act like mentors, examples, and guides for the rest of the team. Usually, engineers report to the project manager or engineering manager, but a tech lead may be responsible for the team?s code quality measures, such as ensuring that adequate code reviews are being conducted, and that the team?s technical standards (such as TDD) are being upheld.
Engineer Career Progressions
Generally, engineers can take one of two career paths: move into management, or keep coding. Management positions aren?t for everyone. Lots of engineers prefer to stay on the technical path. That progression can take many directions, twists, and turns, but could look something like this:
Intern -> Junior Software Developer -> Software Developer/Engineer -> Senior Software Engineer -> Principal Software Engineer -> Software Architect -> Senior Software Architect -> Chief Architect -> CTO -> Engineering Fellow
Alternatively, for those engineers interested in a people leadership role, a progression might look something like this:
Intern -> Junior Software Developer -> Software Developer/Engineer -> Team Lead/Tech Lead -> Engineering Manager/Project Manager -> Senior Engineering Manager -> Director of Engineering -> VP of Engineering
Avoiding Dysfunctions in Engineering Leadership
IMO, VP of Engineering, CTO, VP of Product, and VP of Marketing should all report directly to the CEO. Each of them needs to be in charge of their own process. External facing CTOs should not have direct reports (if they do, it usually means they are filling both the CTO and VP of Engineering Roles). Instead, the Engineering leaders report to the VP of Engineering. This is to avoid the two bosses dysfunction, but also because these roles are fundamentally different: one focused on the customer and how the organization fits into the wider world, and the other focused on internal, day-to-day operations. They?re two wildly different skill sets, with sometimes competing priorities.
I?ve seen a lot of dysfunction in engineering leadership because of confusion about which engineering leaders are responsible for what, and it tends to be a recipe for disaster. Whatever is right for your organization, make sure that responsibilities and chain of authority are clear, in order to avoid engineers feeling torn between two or three different ?bosses?.
Likewise, in an organization of sufficient size, product and engineering need to be two separately led teams. What I mean by that is that the product managers should own the product roadmap. They should be evangelists for the users, and they should be really plugged into the users, often engaging with them 1:1 and learning about their workflows and pain-points in great depth. They should be experts on what the market needs, and they should be very familiar with the company?s strengths and capabilities to fill those needs.
That said, the VP of Engineering (or whomever is filling that role) needs to be in charge of delivery, and production pace. While the product managers should own the roadmap, the engineering managers need to be responsible for taking those roadmap priorities, matching them to the engineering capacity, and reporting on the timing. Product and marketing teams will have strong opinions about when something should ship, but only the engineering management has a good gauge of whether or not those delivery timelines are possible given the roadmap requirements. The engineering team needs the authority not simply to push back on timing, but in most cases, to completely own timing, working with the CEO, product, and marketing teams to figure out priorities, understand strategic needs of the company, and then help shape a development cadence that can meet those needs without imposing drop-dead deadlines that ultimately hurt the company?s ability to deliver quality products at a reliable pace.
The best performing teams I?ve ever been involved with subscribed to the no deadlines approach. We build great products without announcing them in advance, and then let the marketing teams promote work that is already done. Alternatively, when you?re working in the public view, transparency is a great solution. Instead of cramming to meet an arbitrary deadline, actively share your progress, with ticket burn-down charts, a clear view of remaining work, progress, pace, and remaining scope, and change over time that can indicate scope creep. When you share detailed information about the progress being made, and share the philosophy that we can?t promise a delivery date, but we can share everything we know about our progress with you, people can see for themselves the work and the pace.
Because of differing, often competing goals, product, marketing and engineering need to be separate roles reporting directly to the CEO where none of them can dictate to each other. If your team feels time pressure to work overtime, or crunch to get some key deliverable out before some drop-dead deadline, it points to a dysfunction here. Either the engineering managers are reporting to the wrong people, or the team lacks a strong engineering leader who understands the futility of software estimates and the need for a collaborative give-and-take between engineering and product in order to ensure the flexibility of shipping scaled-back MVPs to hit delivery targets.
Product should own the continuous discovery process. Engineering should own the continuous delivery process. Marketing should work hand-in-hand with the product team to ensure that product messaging to the wider world is on-point. The whole thing should fit together like a pipeline, creating a smoothly flowing, positive feedback cycle. Like an assembly line, the slowest bottleneck in the process must set the pace for the rest of the process, otherwise, it will lead to an ever-growing backlog that piles up so much that backlog items become obsolete, and backlog management becomes a full-time job.
Product teams who feel like engineering is not keeping pace should focus first on quality of engineering hand-off deliverables. Have we done adequate design review? Has an engineer had a chance to provide constructive feedback before handoff? 80% of software bugs are caused by specification or UX design errors, and many of those can be caught before work ever gets handed off to an engineering team. Once you have that process finely tuned, ask yourself if you?ve really explored the product design space thoroughly enough. Did you build one UX and call it done, or did you try multiple variations? Building and testing variations on user workflows is one of the most valuable contributions a product team can make. Do you have a group of trusted users or customers you can run A/B prototype tests with?
One of the biggest dysfunctions of software teams is that the product team is producing sub-par deliverables (sometimes little more than a few rushed, buggy mock-ups), and failing to run any of them by customers or engineers prior to handing them off. That dysfunction causes a pileup of re-work and engineering backlog that often gets blamed on engineering teams.
Make sure that the delegation of responsibilities makes sense, that you?re not putting undue time pressure on engineering, and that you have a great product team engaged in a collaborative product discovery process, working with real users to build the best product.
Engineering managers, I?m not letting you off the hook. If these dysfunctions exist on your team, it?s your responsibility to address them with product, marketing, and business leadership, and spearhead requirements for engineering hand-offs. It?s also your responsibility to protect the productive pace of your team, go to bat for additional resources if your team is being pressured to produce more than your current capacity can handle, to report clearly on the work pacing and backlog, and to demo completed work and ensure that your team is getting due credit for the fine work that is being done.
Don?t place blame, but do demonstrate that your team is doing their very best work.
Eric Elliott is a distributed systems expert and author of the books, ?Composing Software? and ?Programming JavaScript Applications?. As co-founder of DevAnywhere.io, he teaches developers the skills they need to work remotely and embrace work/life balance. He builds and advises development teams for crypto projects, and has contributed to software experiences for Adobe Systems, Zumba Fitness, The Wall Street Journal, ESPN, BBC, and top recording artists including Usher, Frank Ocean, Metallica, and many more.
He enjoys a remote lifestyle with the most beautiful woman in the world.
The Crucible: Key Quotes
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I´d like to introduce myself, my name is Manoel Garcia and I´m the new member of the Orc Leader dev team. My contact with Antonio Marcelo began 2 months ago and I sent to him a lot of ideas for the game and at the same time I started my blog and released my voxel art into the wild.
I started a lot of conversations with Antonio and I´m joined to the project for help and give my ideas for the game. Antonio now needs some rest and stop some activities because he needs medical care for a small problem with his health. He talked to me for making the game and bring my ideas and suggestions for Orc Leader. Using Antonio words: "Make the orcs savage and crudes, bringing the old spirit for the game."


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Alison King was tested for the role of Rose.
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Laura Veirs: Lookout
Artist: Laura Veirs
Title: Lookout
Label: Raven Marching Band
Vinyl LP pressing. A prolific songwriter for over 20 years now, Laura Veirs proves the depth of her musical skill on her tenth solo album, The Lookout. Here is a batch of inimitable, churning, exquisite folk-pop songs; a conceptual album about the fragility of precious things. Produced by Grammy-nominated Tucker Martine, Veirs' longtime collaborator, The Lookout is a soundtrack for turbulent times, full of allusions to protectors: the camper stoking a watch fire, a mother tending her children, a sailor in a crows nest and a lightning rod channeling energy. The Lookout draws on the talents of a time-tested crew of musicians: Karl Blau, Steve Moore, Eli Moore, Eyvind Kang and Martine. Says Veirs, "These guys are a good hang, ego-free and wonderful players who just want to serve the songs." Sufjan Stevens and Jim James provide guest vocals. For Martine, who fell, almost two decades ago, for Veirs' unique sound after listening to a tape cassette she'd sent him in the mail, this album reflects a bar that keeps getting raised. Both familiar and strange, The Lookout gets better with repeated listens, warming to the skin like a cherished saddlebag, critical for the journey ahead.
1.1 Margaret Sands 2:57
1.2 Everybody Needs You 2:55
1.3 Seven Falls 4:04
1.4 Mountains of the Moon 4:16
1.5 Watch Fire (Feat. Sufjan Stevens) 2:36
1.6 Heavy Petals 2:39
1.7 The Lookout [Explicit] 2:04
1.8 The Meadow 2:42
1.9 The Canyon 3:42
1.10 Lightning Rod 3:20
1.11 When It Grows Darkest 4:31
1.12 Zozobra 2:45

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Home / gaming
Resident Evil 0 HD Remaster Will Have A New 'Wesker Mode'
By Joe Pring @JCPring 5 years ago
Capcom have just given Resident Evil fans another reason to pick up Resident Evil 0 HD Remaster when it releases next year. Unveiled on the Capcom Unity blog, the developer has announced that a new 'Wesker Mode' will allow players to replace Billy Coen with the series' main antagonist to experience an entirely new way to play the game.
You can read the original announcement below:
In addition, unveiled today for Resident Evil 0 is the all new Wesker Mode. For the first time ever in Resident Evil 0 players can experience the events leading up to the iconic mansion outbreak playing as alternative character Albert Wesker, alongside S.T.A.R.S. member Rebecca Chambers. Both characters will star in a special themed outfit for the mode with Wesker replacing the traditional gameplay role of Billy Coen.
The new gameplay element is sure pique the interest of those who are still on-the-fence on whether they're planning to buy another Capcom re-release, but 'Wesker Mode' sure does make for an enticing incentive.
Resident Evil 0 HD Remaster is currently slated for release in early 2016, with a special retail copy that also includes this year's Resident Evil Remake HD Remaster pegged for a January 22 release date in Europe.
Source: VideoGamer
Tags: resident evil 0 hd remaster


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Q: How to dismiss keyboard when the UISearch Bar 'Search" button is pressed? I've implemented a UISearch bar with the searching functionality set up, however when I press the "Search" button on the keyboard that shows up nothing happens. How can I get the keyboard to hide when the "Search" button is pressed while keeping the text in the search bar intact (To keep the search results present)?

A: From Text, Web and Editing Programming Guide for iOS:

To dismiss the keyboard, you call the resignFirstResponder method of the text-based view that is currently the first responder.

So you should do this in your UISearchBarDelegate:
- (void)searchBarSearchButtonClicked:(UISearchBar *)searchBar
{
    [searchBar resignFirstResponder];
    // Do the search...
}

A: Swift 4
 Make sure you have UISearchBarDelegate defined in your UIViewController
func searchBarSearchButtonClicked(_ searchBar: UISearchBar) {
    searchBar.resignFirstResponder()
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


SEMA-supported legislation to include trucks more than 25 years old (regardless of weight) in the definition of eligible "antique motor vehicles" was signed into law by Governor Maggie Hassan. The new law provides the option for older trucks to take advantage of the many accommodations available to antique motor vehicles. Under New Hampshire law, antique motor vehicles pay a minimal registration fee. In addition, antiques are only inspected every two years, can use year-of-manufacture license plates and are exempted from certain equipment requirements. Antique motor vehicles may be used in exhibitions, club activities, parades and other functions of public interest.


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Moultrie Personal Injury Attorney
The Kirbo Law Firm understands that our clients and their opinions of us are the main reasons we have been so successful over the years. In order to maintain our position as one of the most respected law firms in this part of the State, we treat each of our clients with the care and concern they deserve.
Thomas L. Kirbo, III
Tom Kirbo graduated from the Walter F. George School of Law at Mercer University in 1967. He then began his legal career by serving 4 years in the U.S. Army JAG Corps. His first two years, Tom served as a prosecutor, a defense counselor and a legal assistance officer. His last two years he served as a military judge, including a year in Vietnam. After leaving the Army, Tom, his wife, Ruth, and his son, Tommy IV, moved to Moultrie, where he has been ever since. He is now the proud father of three children and nine grandchildren and is one of the most respected attorneys in Southwest Georgia. His practice is mainly focused on family law, criminal defense, and personal injury.
Dorothy Kirbo McCranie
Dorothy McCranie and her husband, John, have three children and are proud residents of Moultrie, Georgia. Dorothy graduated from Colquitt County High School before attending the University of Georgia, where she graduated from the Terry College of Business. She then obtained her J.D. from the Walter F. George School of Law at Mercer University and was admitted to Georgia Bar in 1999 and has worked with her father, Tom, and brother, Cliff, at The Kirbo Law Firm since then. She specializes in family law, which includes divorce, child custody, and adoption cases. She has developed a reputation for being one of the best divorce attorneys in the area.
Cliff Kirbo
Cliff Kirbo graduated from the University of Georgia Terry College of Business and the UGA School of Law. He met his wife, Holly, during law school and they are the proud parents of three wonderful children. Cliff is a member of the Georgia Trial Lawyers Association and has received an AV rating from his peers, which represents the highest possible rating of professional excellence in his field. Cliff specializes in personal injury cases, workers compensation, and general civil litigation. He also does real estate work, estate planning, social security hearings, and criminal defense.
Aurora Kirbo
Aurora Kirbo attended Auburn University, where she received a B.A. degree in Political Science and was a member of Zeta Tau Alpha Sorority. Aurora then attended and graduated from Walter F. Georgia School of Law at Mercer University in 2019. Aurora was very active in Mercer's advocacy program where she was inducted as a member of The Order of Barristers. Aurora returned back home after passing the Bar to practice law with her family.
© Copyright 2018 - Kirbo Law Firm | Privacy Policy | Powered by Dark Horse Labs


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Pandora limits mobile listeners to just 40 hours of free music listening per month
Free users of Pandora on mobile are now limited to 40 hours of music per month
By: Anthony Garreffa from Feb 27, 2013 @ 21:34 CST
If you're a heavy user of Pandora, you won't like this news - the company has announced they're putting a limit on how much music you can listen to through their free app. There's now a 40-hour limit, which was pushed in thanks to the rise in royalty rates that Pandora must pay record companies.
If you'd like to listen to more than 40 hours of music per month, you can choose to subscribe to the Pandora One service. This service gives users unlimited listening, on top of a lack of advertisements. You can either choose this, or pay a one-time $0.99 fee to listen as long as you'd like for the rest of the month. Desktop users still have the ability to listen to unlimited music.
Most of you reading this will never hit the limit. In fact, it will affect less than 4% of our total monthly active listeners. For perspective, the average listener spends approximately 20 hours listening to Pandora across all devices in any given month.
That said, limiting listening is a very unusual thing to do, and very contrary to our mission so we wanted to share a quick explanation. Pandora's per-track royalty rates have increased more than 25% over the last 3 years, including 9% in 2013 alone and are scheduled to increase an additional 16% over the next two years. After a close look at our overall listening, a 40-hour-per-month mobile listening limit allows us to manage these escalating costs with minimal listener disruption.
NEWS SOURCES:macrumors.com
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music listening


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Az Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube, röviden Mogi Mirim, labdarúgócsapatát 1932. február 1-én alapították a brazíliai Mogi Mirim városában. A Paulista állami bajnokság, és az országos Série B tagja.

Története

Sikerlista

Hazai

Állami

Nemzetközi

Játékoskeret

2014-től

Források

Hivatalos honlap
footballzz

Brazil labdarúgócsapatok
São Paulo állam labdarúgócsapatai
1932-ben alapított labdarúgócsapatok

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Cansando o cavalo, originally uploaded by Eduardo Amorim.
Crisp. Bright. Sweet. Melancholic. Herbaceous. Where Spring meets Autumn and Autumn meets something else... I knew it but I only had to make the grass grow in the right direction now.
The end of my search for those final drops that will make or break my Gaucho schemes was certainly the most challenging part. Too much was at stake now so my adventurous side was a bit timid (a disadvantage?); On the other hand, I was so close I knew what I need is just the minute amount of the right essences, and it would be perfect. Jasmine auriculatum in minuscule amount seemed to be adding the right effect - rounding off like this indespensable floral note yet without smelling like a flower. I wanted more bitterness though. Would wormwood be too much? I think not... Let's just try it and if it doesn't we'll have to start all over again... Yes, just this tiny bit was perfect. Getting very close now... But something IS missing. Something to add to the quirky, unusual side of things. All of a sudden I realize: booze. Yes, booze to let my Gaucho a little loose... The formidable green cognac absolute. In this context not so much as a booze breath, but rather adding a juicy, green-grape quality, chiming like a crystal bell with the galbanum top notes. Perhaps even metallic. All of a sudden it's the brass band in a Steely Dan intro, streaming vocals filtered through studio acoustic effects and all blending together into oneness.
Crisp. Bright. Sweet. Melancholic. Herbaceous. Where Spring meets Autumn and Autumn meets something else... This is where my Gaucho was heading, with herds of cows and spreading wilderness ahead of its horse. It was time to set my Gaucho free, let him loose to meet the world outside of my mind's internal trails and grasslands.
Well, the big day has finally arrived March 21st 2008: it's time for Gaucho to go to his journey on his own. This time to meet new people around the world. For a limited time only, it will be packaged in a different shape of bottle than the rest of my collection - a crystal-clear rectangular bottle rather than the frosted teardrop one. After all, this is my first big release that is decidedly masculine (even though the first two customers who bought it were ladies).
But Gaucho arrived this afternoon, and is a huge success !
leathery in a very soft, intimate way.
There are skins that may 'pull' a more profoundly animalic line, but on me, Gaucho sings with an unself-conscious ease and sophistication.
It recalls Miss Dior, in its initial !pop! of galbanum and the twang of wormwood, serenaded by an animalic base seasoned with African Stone tincture [ as opposed to civet or castoreum].
The part that was always up a tree, in a haystack, or sequestering carrots in my overall pockets for the horses.
Men may enjoy this, but not exclusively so !
It's supremely well-mannered, elegant,and evocative.
My two nearly grown sons found it bewitching as well.
I'm afraid I'll wind up sharing it with Jacob [who adores such scents as Creed Selection Verte and Cypres Musc, Habit Rouge, Terre D'Hermes, Chanel Sycomore, Lonestar Memories, and Eau de Campagne] !
This is really a coup.


The objective of the utilization of SEPI Phase II is to provide financial assistance to trained youth who completed certificate of Diploma in NVQ course conducted by the registered Vocational Training Institution under the TVEC or vocational training course conducted by DTET, NAITA, VTASL, SLIOP or Entrepreneurship Development Program conducted by identified training institutions, under the MSDVT & Vocational Training Courses conducted by the NYSC under the Ministry of Policy & Economic Affairs for establishment of their own self-employment projects.
Applicant should have completed a NVQ Program or any Vocational Training Course & an Entrepreneurship Skills Development Program under a recognized vocational training institute registered under MSDVT.
Should have a suitable location for the proposed enterprise.
All occupation and technology areas listed under NVQ Qualifications.


Olympian Apolo Ohno: On-Line Learning Gave Him The "10,000 Hours" To Be A Champion - THE DAILY RIFF - Be Smarter. About Education.
One wonders about all these Olympic athletes who obviously have to put in their 10,000 hours to achieve their level of excellence. Many, if not most, are still in school. How do they do it? Do they all have tutors like many young actors?
For Apolo Ohno, it was the opportunity to train and to finish his HS diploma on-line during the same period of time. He could learn when it suited his schedule. Apolo could put in the time to become a champion while receiving the "other" education.
Now, on-line learning is not just for those pursuing their 10,000 hours for something else - but that is another post entirely.
Watch the training Apolo does for the Olympics - Video below (courtesy Time magazine). I knew it was intense but not this intense.
For those of you unfamiliar with concept of 10,000 hours, Malcolm Gladwell dedicates a chapter from his best-selling book, Outliers, to the concept that "ten thousand hours of practice is required to achieve the level of mastery associated with being a world-class expert - in anything."
There is also another notable book addressing this concept - best-selling Talent Is Overrated- What Really Separates World-Class Performers From Everyone Else, by Geoff Colvin, who zeroes in such specifics as deliberate practice, the myths of creativity, performing great at innovation, why some see the big picture better and motivation.
"In study after study, of composers, basketball players, fiction writers, ice skaters, concert pianists, chess players, master criminals, and what have you, this number comes up again and again. Of course, his doesn't address why some people get more out of their practice sessions than others do. But no one has yet found a case in which true world-class expertise was accomplished in less time. It seems that it takes the brain this long to assimilate all that it needs to know to achieve true mastery."
. . . In high school, Ohno used the Internet to complete his diploma requirements. He was one of the first full time Internet Academy students to graduate. Decatur High School issued his diploma in 2000.
The Internet Academy allows students to access the entire curriculum for each of their courses online. Homework is completed at the student's pace and teachers are available to answer questions via email. Exams and finals are proctored. Many Internet Academy students are athletes, musicians or actors who participate in rigorous training and benefit from the flexible study hours the program offers.
Ohno would often complete two weeks of schoolwork in advance so he could take a week off for training, Nevin said. "He was able to be flexible with his school schedule and his racing training to make them both work," she said. "He used our school in the way it should be used. He built his classes around his schedule and he completed his work on time. . ."


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Q: javascript executing then undoing I have an aspx page where I'm trying to hide a div based on a button click. It seems as though the javascript executes but then the div shows back up immediately. It seems like the page is refreshing as well.
function hideDiv2()
    {
        document.getElementById("div2").style.display = "none";

    }

This is the html

<form id="form1">

        <button onclick="hideDiv2()"></button>

test

</form>

A: Okay the the problem was that the button was inside a form which was resubmitting the page each time. The solution was to change the type="button"


This entry was posted in Weather and tagged Comet, RoyalAscension, RoyalDecline, Visions, War on January 1, 1641 by cjmorrison.
This entry was posted in Possession and tagged Devil/Imp, Faked, Fire, Fits, JohnDarrell, Possession, VictimBoy, WilliamSommers on January 1, 1641 by cjmorrison.
This entry was posted in Possession and tagged Devil/Imp, Fire, Fits, Insect, MargaretCooper, Possession, VictimWife, Visions on January 1, 1641 by cjmorrison.
This entry was posted in Weather and tagged Fire, Lightning, Popery on January 1, 1641 by cjmorrison.


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Extra, Vol. 2 è un album di raccolta del gruppo musicale tedesco KMFDM, pubblicato nel 2008.

Tracce

Disco 1

Disco 2

Collegamenti esterni


I would like to welcome you to Texarkana College. Whether you are a new or returning student, a recent high school graduate or a mature learner, you will find Texarkana College to be a learning institution that supports, encourages, and empowers our students. Texarkana College is an Achieving the Dream college, which means we do more than just talk about helping our students to be successful. Texarkana College collects data and uses the information to make changes that will benefit all of our students. We take action to address student's needs by providing resources and support to help overcome barriers to completion.
As the Dean of Students, it is my mission to help you reach your fullest potential as a student. I will encourage you to be an independent thinker, accept responsibility, and make informed decisions for your own educational experience. My door is always open for a visit- please feel free to come by with either a success story or a concern.
I am glad you have chosen Texarkana College, and every effort will be made to ensure that your experience is rewarding. I strongly encourage you to participate in student clubs. Getting involved will enhance your educational experience while making your life at Texarkana College more profitable and enjoyable.
I wish you great success in obtaining your educational, personal, and professional aspirations. Remember we are here to assist you in achieving your educational goals. Please let me know how we can help! Don't forget that Texarkana College is a great place to start … or start over.


Possible theft of credit card account numbers from check-in kiosks at Canada's largest airport in Toronto has led to an investigation by Visa and MasterCard, prompting some airlines to suspend the use of credit cards for check-in at self-service kiosks. Passengers may still use the kiosks for check-in, but must use frequent flier cards, confirmation codes or passports. While it is unclear what methods are used to "lift" credit card numbers from the kiosks, investigators believe thieves use the same methods on kiosks as they do on bank ATMs by attaching small skimming devices that record numbers from unsuspecting travelers. For more information on this, click here and return back to comment.


20131211 + Up and into work for the last day of the visit. We had an audit not go so well but everything else was ok. This is good news as I am the 3rd of 3 program managers with this customer. The other 2 program managers were 'replaced' after the customers previous 2 visits. Home and exhausted. Went to bed when the boys did.


Hansen Law Offices is a full service law firm providing services in most areas of the law with the high concentration devoted to General Practice, Including but not Limited to: Accidents, Bankruptcy, Criminal Law, Legal Malpractice, Litigation, Medical Malpractice, Personal Injury, Product Liability, Toxic Torts, Trial Law, and Wrongful Death.
Serving the entire State of Iowa, including Black Hawk County, Buena Vista County, Cerro Gordo County, Dallas County, Des Moines County, Dickinson County, Dubuque County, Henry County, Jefferson County, Johnson County, Lee County, Linn County, Louisa County, Muscatine County, Polk County, Pottawattamie County, Scott County, Union County, Van Buren County, Wapello County, Washington County, Woodbury County, Iowa; Including the Cities of Altoona, Ames, Ankeny, Bettendorf, Burlington, Cedar Falls, Cedar Rapids, Clinton, Clive, Coralville, Council Bluffs, Danville, Davenport, Decorah, Des Moines, Dubuque, Fairfield, Fort Dodge, Fort Madison, Indianola, Iowa City, Johnston, Keokuk, Keosauqua, Lamoni, Marion, Marshalltown, Mason City, Mediapolis, Mount Pleasant, Muscatine, Newton, Osceola, Ottumwa, Pella, Riverside, Shenandoah, Sioux City, Spirit Lake, Storm Lake, Urbandale, Wapello, Waterloo, West Burlington, West Des Moines, Wever, and surrounding areas in the State of Iowa.
At Hansen Law Offices, our results bring relief to our clients. Whether you find yourself in financial debt, criminal trouble, or the victim of an automobile accident, the Burlington, Iowa law firm of Hansen Law Offices will help you fight for your future.


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How many of these faces do you remember playing for Chesterfield in the early to mid 1980's?
Chesterfield 'best team we have faced by an absolute mile', says Barnet boss after heavy loss
George Scrimshaw joins Derbyshire after impressing during trial
Fast bowler George Scrimshaw has joined Derbyshire on a one-year deal after impressing during a trial period with the club.
By Community Sports Reporter
Friday, 19th March 2021, 8:12 am
George Scrimshaw has signed a one-year deal after impressing during a trial. (Photo by Stu Forster/Getty Images)
The former Worcestershire quick, who has been training with the squad ahead of the 2021 season, joins fellow promising bowlers Sam Conners, Nick Potts, Ben Aitchison and Michael Cohen in an exciting attack.
At 6'7", Scrimshaw brings added pace and bounce to the Derbyshire bowling ranks, which will also be boosted by the arrival of Australia's Billy Stanlake this summer.
The 23-year-old played in four Vitality Blast fixtures during his time at New Road, taking three wickets, while he claimed ten wickets at an average of 6.80 in the 2017 Second XI T20, with best figures of 5-12 against Yorkshire.
Head of Cricket, Dave Houghton, said: "George's potential is clear to see. He's a highly-regarded bowler, but the work-rate that he's shown in training has really impressed us too.
"He's tall, quick and skilful with the ball and if he can find his best form this season, he will be a really useful asset to an already strong attack.
"There will be a lot of rotation with the bowlers this season, everybody will get the chance to develop and impress, George gives us another option in that regard."
Scrimshaw added: "It's been great to work with the players and coaches recently and I'm really pleased to have earned a contract. There's a really strong bowling unit here, and I'm looking forward to working with Ajmal Shahzad regularly.
"Hopefully, I can take my opportunities when I get them and help Derbyshire on the field."
Keep up with the latest news and views from Derbyshire Times
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Chesterfield send out clear message to National League title rivals after thrashing Barnet
Chesterfield deliver 'kick in stomach' to National League promotion rivals with emphatic win against Barnet
How we rated each Chesterfield player in big win against Barnet
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