Moorehouse's connections are for his own political personal gain. Paragraphs create order and logic by helping your reader recognize the boundaries where one point ends and another begins.
This book is as much about reading as it is about writing, as Thompson emphasizes how intertwined and connected extensive reading is with writing. I think it works better as a supplementary resource for a student writer.
The use of bulleted items or lists should be used only if the narrative dictates a need for clarity. However, what is valued in academic writing is that opinions are based on what is often termed, evidence-based reasoning, a sound understanding of the pertinent body of knowledge and academic debates that exist within, and often external to, your discipline.
In other words, the examples feel helpfully accessible. School Examination Packages Share this series. Cornell University; College Writing. The Paragraph reviews sentence structure and prepares students to write academic paragraphs, while introducing five essential rhetorical modes.
There are two main points used in the paragraph to develop the position taken in the topic sentence the success of assignment essays as a learning device.
For example, you can set a goal of writing four to six sentences per paragraph: Features And Benefits Pathways to Writing with WPP enables students in Grades 3 — 12 to work on their writing skills at their own pace, with individualized attention.
Given this, it is important that specialist terminology [i. The end of the essay is a concluding statement that sums up all the facts and evidences provided throughout the main body. Purdue University; Academic Writing Style. It might be interesting to readjust the organization to show the way grammar, structure, and content work together rather than apart.
We recommend registering or logging in. Imagine reading this page without paragraph breaks. Essay needs to be written in a way that each paragraph will make a connection to the paragraphs before and after it to keep the flow.
Writing detailed outlines can help you clearly organize your thoughts. Regardless of your study discipline and the field of subjects, you will get to complete the assignments and the final reports as a course requirement.
The bulk of the text—examples of patterns typically found in novice academic papers and the revised versions of those examples—are familiar but not tired. He doesn't like to fight.
When presenting a position or argument that you disagree with, describe this argument accurately and without loaded or biased language.
Subject-specific dictionaries are the best places to confirm the meaning of terms within the context of a specific discipline. Yogyakarta State University; Style. The ideal paragraph contains five sentences. A basic structure for all the three types of reports includes the following sections: It also serves as a mean to offer the solutions for the investigated problems and their causes.
Parents can copy and paste them to help their children learn to correct their errors of grammar, style, and punctuation. These words can be interpreted as being used only to avoid presenting empirical evidence about the research problem.
The Paragraph Effective Academic Writing 1: When students can see what is expected and what to avoid, they have a far better chance of succeeding.Effective Academic Writing series teaches the writing modes, rhetorical devices, and language points students need for academic success.
Each unit introduces a theme and writing task and then guides the student writer through the process of gathering ideas, organizing an outline, drafting, revising, and editing. In order for a paragraph to be effective, it must begin with a topic sentence, have sentences that support the main idea of that paragraph, and maintain a After writing your paragraph, go back and read aloud what you have written to make sure your ideas are clearly presented.
If they are, you have developed a coherent paragraph!
Paragraphs: Academic writing Academic paragraphs are the body paragraphs of your essay and account for about 90% of your word count and palmolive2day.com may also be the structure of short answer questions in other types. A resource to assist tutors working with Indigenous students.
Table of Contents Writing a paragraph Essay: An annotated example Referencing list the rules of writing academic essays. Get the student to.
Shop for the title Effective Academic Writing 1: The Paragraph, Student Book - 2nd Edition by Alice Savage, Masoud Shafiei - - OXF at Jarir Bookstore, and other Education books from Oxford.
Planning and outlining the essay, writing strong thesis statements, organizing coherent paragraphs, and writing effective introductions and conclusions are among the subjects discussed. A separate section concisely explores issues specific to essays about literary works.


text:
Yale campus yields 50 signatures to repeal First Amendment, satirist says
By NBP Staff | December 18, 2015, 20:05 EST
Printed from: https://newbostonpost.com/2015/12/18/yale-campus-yields-50-signatures-to-repeal-first-amendment-satirist-says/
Satirist and filmmaker Ami Horowitz, left, asking a passerby on the Yale University campus to sign a petition to repeal the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. (Video image from YouTube.com)
NEW HAVEN, Conn. – A satirist went to Yale University recently to stage what may be a revealing spoof on campus, posing as an activist and asking passersby to sign a petition to repeal the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution – more than 50 did.
Filmmaker Ami Horowitz appears in a video approaching people and asking them if they would sign the petition to repeal the part of the country's founding document that guarantees freedom of expression, the press, assembly and religion.
"I think this is fantastic," one young man tells Horowitz in the video. "I absolutely agree."
More than 50 "members of the Yale community" signed the petition in less than an hour, Hororwitz said in the video. He can be heard discussing with potential petition signers that "you shouldn't be exposed to things you don't want to hear," and "making fun of people is not cool," and "micro-aggression should not be protected."
"What we're calling for is to repeal the First Amendment," he tells people in encouraging them to sign up.
He precedes the short clip with this message: "Warning: The following video may not be a safe space for all viewers." It also includes images of a University of Missouri media professor shooing away reporters from part of the public campus where students had gathered to create what they called a "safe space," and when one reporter wouldn't leave, calling for some muscle to get rid of him.
"I decided to take this campus free speech debate to its logical conclusion," Horowitz told Fox News. "The result was this unbelievable display of total stupidity."
But there's no way to tell if the people who seem to be agreeing with him really are Yale students or what communities they may be connected with, and he doesn't show what the "petition" actually says.
Some critics are already blasting it as a bit of propaganda: "Does no one watch these things with a grain (or shaker) of salt anymore?" asks Joe Patrice on the Above the Law blog.
Yet with campuses in upheaval from Boston to California over things like "safe spaces" and centuries-old connections to benefactors of dubious moral character, as at Harvard Law School, it's easy to believe what Horowitz presents as an accurate reflection of the reception he got for the idea of ending one of America's most basic rights.
The controversy reared up at Yale after Erika Christakis, an associate master at the school's Silliman College residence, sparked protests after she sent an email defending the right of students to wear any sort of Halloween costume they chose, as a matter of free expression. Following the uproar, she gave up her teaching duties citing the hostile climate toward free discourse. Activist students are demanding her removal as a college master, along with her husband, Nicholas, who defended her – and the Constitution.
We Don't Have A School Shooting Problem; We Have A…
Why Literacy Is The Only 21st Century Skill We Need

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Initiative is something I wish my dishes had. Seriously, once used, they just sit there in the sink, waiting for me (oh, the nerve) to give them a massage and a scrub and pat them dry and even put them snugly on their shelves. Every single time. It's terrible I tell you.
To talk about something nicer, which proved both intimidating and empowering: I used my first "dangerous" power tool. And this post is – mostly – about cutting lattice. And using a dremel. And the power tool I am most afraid of.
The hardest part was possibly, getting the lattice out from its "hiding" place.
When I decided to quickly tidy our front porch for the holidays, I cut some lattice all by myself. It was a milestone. In my life, I didn't get many chances to use power tools. For one, we didn't really have any (excluding battery operated screw drivers – owning a mini-workshop is not a big thing in Greece) for another, it was a gender issue (way back in the days I was growing up). People men with power tools weren't eager to let me play with their toys.
Fast forward, need is a great teacher and our basement is full with tools. I wanted to add lattice and lattice I'd get! How hard could it be to cut a few straight lines? It was indeed, pretty darn easy – once I grabbed something better than a handsaw.
Here is my first attempt, using a handsaw. In this epic photo, you can see a handsaw, stuck between lattice. It worked. I cut the piece. It took me a whole hour to cut a small 56″ by 21″ piece.
There must be a faster way I said to myself. After watching a couple videos by girls who rock the power tools and carpentry, I figured – all on my own – that handsaws might be good when used with a jig but, they ain't the right saw for cutting lattice.
By inserting an appropriate bit (or burr) the tool can perform drilling, grinding, sharpening, cutting, cleaning, polishing, sanding,routing, carving, and engraving.
The dremel tool and a sneak peak of our up coming chess DIY.
That little thing is versatile! It has a rotating motor, where one can add all sorts of end equipment, from oscillating saws to sanders. And we so happened to have an oscillating (does not rotate, therefore less dangerous to cut through your hands – that's how I saw it anyway).
Hubby attached the end and gave me psychological support (I also used him as extra clamps), while I held on the little dremel like my life depended on it. Really. I was afraid my hands would slip towards the blade so, I went to great effort to stop such an incident.
Let's see: one hand (ungloved for extra friction), gripping hard – real hard. So hard, I couldn't feel my hand after I was done cutting. One hand gloved, placed between my ungloved hand and the blade end. The idea was that if my ungloved hand slipped, the gloved one would act as a safety cushion. On retrospect, this wasn't too bright (but made me feel a little safer so that counts, too).
I kept turning to check on stuff with the dremel still on. Which is perhaps ok with a little dremel but would be so very bad if I was wielding something more vicious (like a skill saw for example).
That's it. I just kept doing it again and again, mentally slapping myself every time after the deed.
If I were to give an advice on using any power tool, it would be this: ALWAYS stop the tool before you stop focusing on it. Whether to scratch your nose, to look what that sudden noise behind you was about or, I don't know what else, shut off the tool. Even if it is for a second.
It was worth the effort; the result was so pretty and using the little dremel empowered me to try my hand at more complex and dangerous power tools that I have never used before in my life.
Have you ever used power tools? If yes, do you recall your very first time and how it felt? I mean, all the super DIyers breeze over the power tools and surely, that comes with experience but, am I the only one who is really worried about losing a finger while using a big saw (or failing a batter for that matter)?
Really cool post about your first time using a Dremel!
I actually recently wrote a complete FAQ on using a Dremel tool.
Keep up the great content with your blog.
It's got a fantastic feel to it.
I do not own any power tools. Of course, my husband has them all and I happily let him use them! The last time I needed to sand wood, I used a nail file. That's really bad I know! 😉 I am impressed with your skills!! And hey, if you figure out how to motivate your dishes let me know. I have a sink full of lazies over here, too!!
I am also quite fearful of power tools, but as DIYers we have to overcome and take the plunge. I was so happy to have found your blog. My freind Sweet Things recommended it to me when she saw the greek market. I am also Greek living in the mother land and I think we are going to be good freinds. I have also been blogging for about a year and my blog is full of pictures of Greece. Nice to have met you, let's keep in touch.
Hi Mary, so glad Sweet Things helped us meet.
Good job! It's always empowering to do something you're apprehensive about, and succeeding.
I just ordered a Black & Decker powered hand saw to cut through some tree branches. It's been on my to-do list, and when I saw the saw (!) I knew it was time.
Hi Moggie and welcome here!
A nail gun is definitely a power tool and congrats for using it! I would like to own one too, just have no clue what to buy (how about you make a post on buying nail guns?).
I love power tools, but it does take me a while to get up the courage to try out a new one. I've never used a Dremel, so you're ahead of me there!
I'd never imagine you gathering courage to use a power tool!
Great job with the lattice! I learned to use a miter saw a couple of months ago, and yes, it was SCARY! I really want to try the table saw next, but I'm still working up the courage for that one. I've been watching my husband to get the hang of it, but man, I can see so many bad things happening!


Joni B. Cole leads creative writing workshops. Her book, Toxic Feedback: Helping Writers Survive and Thrive is "strongly recommended" by Library Journal. She is the author of the personal essay collection Another Bad-Dog Book: Essays on Life, Love, and Neurotic Human Behavior. Cole founded the Writer's Center of White River Junction, New Hampshire, serves on the faculty of the New Hampshire Institute of Art, and teaches at the Master of Arts in Liberal Studies at Dartmouth College. She's been nominated for a Pushcart Prize and a United States Artist Fellowship.
Good Naked is an often self-deprecating and honest look at the pitfalls and pluses of being a writer in a world that is increasingly comprised of people focused on soundbites or social media. In an often humorous tone, Cole takes on the insecurities and procrastination of many writers ("by most writers I mean all but four" (6)). Her flippant tone, beginning with the chapter "First Things First (Not)" where she personifies a great idea: "'I thought you loved me,' your Great Idea nags. 'I thought you were all, like, I want to spend time with you'" (3). Although many of the ideas in the book are familiar, like the interference of life responsibilities, despair, perfect writer friends who seem to publish without effort, and overcoming the desire to do anything else (she even mentions checking for ticks), her casual and funny writing style keeps the book moving.
Interspersing neuroscience—"neuroscientists have determined that humans are hardwired for negativity, meaning our brains, similar to juvenile delinquents, make a point to go out and look for trouble" (27)—with maximizing positive moments even as we "trash talk" ourselves, she posits that we can rewire our brains by focusing more on the good stuff like sunsets and kindness. This is, of course, a simplistic viewpoint for many of us though some people do seem to have optimism as a default setting. Is this perspective necessary for a writer? What follows seems similar to creative visualization, which gave birth to a whole lot of self-help books and the slogan "Dream it, Do it!" The ultimate message of developing tenacity and a belief in ones' work is necessary for writers. That may be cultivated by honest improvement and the discipline of sending work out and garnering some acceptances.
The short chapters serve as humorous meditations for writers. Get out of your own way, maintain your optimism and surround yourself with people who believe in your writing and in your ability repeat throughout. There are nuts and bolts suggestions that longtime writers and wannabe writers might find helpful, especially the blunders well-intentioned friends may make that can derail a writer.
There aren't a lot of writing books that feel like a conversation with a witty friend over a cup of espresso and a delicious homemade muffin at your favorite café, but this is one of them. While there are suggestions to take to a workshop or class or to call up the next time you're uninspired in front of the blank computer screen, it is, in the end, the humor and conversational tone of this book that won me over. Writers need to hear that the world will sometimes mock their stories; bad teachers will doubt that they have any innate talent, and publishers will send them curt rejection letters. In spite of all of that, this book reinforces my belief that writing brings out the best self, the one that won't look away from hard truth and necessary stories.
Lisa C. Taylor is the author of four collections of poetry and the short story collection, Growing a New Tail. Both her poetry and fiction have been nominated for the Pushcart Prize and she won the Hugo House New Works Fiction Award in 2015.


text:
BeeHero smartens up hives to provide 'pollination as a service' with $4M seed round
Posted on May 29, 2020 by preiposwap
From Tech Crunch news:
Vast monoculture farms outstripped the ability of bee populations to pollinate them naturally long ago, but the techniques that have arisen to fill that gap are neither precise nor modern. Israeli startup BeeHero aims to change that by treating hives both as living things and IoT devices, tracking health and pollination progress practically in real time. It just raised a $4 million seed round that should help expand its operations into U.S. agriculture.
Honeybees are used around the world to pollinate crops, and there has been growing demand for beekeepers who can provide lots of hives on short notice and move them wherever they need to be. But the process has been hamstrung by the threat of colony collapse, an increasingly common end to hives, often as the result of mite infestation.
Hives must be deployed and checked manually and regularly, entailing a great deal of labor by the beekeepers — it's not something just anyone can do. They can only cover so much land over a given period, meaning a hive may go weeks between inspections — during which time it could have succumbed to colony collapse, perhaps dooming the acres it was intended to pollinate to a poor yield. It's costly, time-consuming, and decidedly last-century.
So what's the solution? As in so many other industries, it's the so-called Internet of Things. But the way CEO and founder Omer Davidi explains it, it makes a lot of sense.
"This is a math game, a probabilistic game," he said. "We've modeled the problem, and the main factors that affect it are, one, how do you get more efficient bees into the field, and two, what is the most efficient way to deploy them? "
Normally this would be determined ahead of time and monitored with the aforementioned manual checks. But off-the-shelf sensors can provide a window into the behavior and condition of a hive, monitoring both health and efficiency. You might say it puts the API in apiculture.
"We collect temperature, humidity, sound, there's an accelerometer. For pollination, we use pollen traps and computer vision to check the amount of pollen brought to the colony," he said. "We combine this with microclimate stuff and other info, and the behaviors and patterns we see inside the hives correlate with other things. The stress level of the queen, for instance. We've tested this on thousands of hives; it's almost like the bees are telling us, 'we have a queen problem.' "
All this information goes straight to an online dashboard where trends can be assessed, dangerous conditions identified early, and plans made for things like replacing or shifting less or more efficient hives.
The company claims that its readings are within a few percentage points of ground truth measurements made by beekeepers, but of course it can be done instantly and from home, saving everyone a lot of time, hassle, and cost.
The results of better hive deployment and monitoring can be quite remarkable, though Davidi was quick to add that his company is building on a growing foundation of work in this increasingly important domain.
"We didn't invent this process, it's been researched for years by people much smarter than us. But we've seen increases in yield of 30-35 percent in soybeans, 70-100 percent in apples and cashews in South America," he said. It may boggle the mind that such immense improvements can come from just better bee management, but the case studies they've run have borne it out. Even "self-pollinating" (i.e. by the wind or other measures) crops that don't need pollinators show serious improvements.
The platform is more than a growth aid and labor saver. Colony collapse is killing honeybees at enormous rates, but if it can be detected early, it can be mitigated and the hive potentially saved. That's hard to do when time from infection to collapse is a matter of days and you're inspecting biweekly. BeeHero's metrics can give early warning of mite infestations, giving beekeepers a head start on keeping their hives alive.
"We've seen cases where you can lower mortality by 20-25 percent," said Davidi. "It's good for the farmer to improve pollination, and it's good for the beekeeper to lose less hives."
That's part of the company's aim to provide value up and down the chain, not just a tool for beekeepers to check the temperatures of their hives. "Helping the bees is good, but it doesn't solve the whole problem. You want to help whole operations," Davidi said. The aim is "to provide insights rather than raw data: whether the queen is in danger, if the quality of the pollination is different."
Other startups have similar ideas, but Davidi noted that they're generally working on a smaller scale, some focused on hobbyists who want to monitor honey production, or small businesses looking to monitor a few dozen hives versus his company's nearly twenty thousand. BeeHero aims for scale both with robust but off-the-shelf hardware to keep costs low, and by focusing on an increasingly tech-savvy agriculture sector here in the States.
"The reason we're focused on the U.S. is the adoption of precision agriculture is very high in this market, and I must say it's a huge market," Davidi said. "80 percent of the world's almonds are grown in California, so you have a small area where you can have a big impact."
The $4M seed round's investors include Rabo Food and Agri Innovation Fund, UpWest, iAngels, Plug and Play, and J-Ventures.
BeeHero is still very much also working on R&D, exploring other crops, improved metrics, and partnerships with universities to use the hive data in academic studies. Expect to hear more as the market grows and the need for smart bee management starts sounding a little less weird and a lot more like a necessity for modern agriculture.
Look @ Pitch
This entry was posted in Company News, Industry News, Startups and tagged bee hero, bill gates, climate change, genetic modification, geoengineering, startups. Bookmark the permalink.
← Payments Startup Marqeta's Valuation Jumps to $4.3B With New $150M Funding Round
Biotech Startup Aims to Make Use of Humanity's Genetic Outliers →


File: 1210778111887.jpg -(12934 B, 200x200) Thumbnail displayed, click image for full size.
File: 1210304939706.jpg -(46600 B, 269x414) Thumbnail displayed, click image for full size.
File: 1209881146728.jpg -(31986 B, 624x468) Thumbnail displayed, click image for full size.
File: 1209881078212.jpg -(13937 B, 320x215) Thumbnail displayed, click image for full size.
File: 1209017839563.jpg -(32604 B, 350x239) Thumbnail displayed, click image for full size.
File: 1207507956036.jpg -(24115 B, 500x485) Thumbnail displayed, click image for full size.
File: 1208757887481.jpg -(32916 B, 640x480) Thumbnail displayed, click image for full size.
File: 1208497397394.jpg -(184511 B, 435x670) Thumbnail displayed, click image for full size.
File: 1208277265930.jpg -(63723 B, 320x564) Thumbnail displayed, click image for full size.
File: 1208156196867.jpg -(69950 B, 500x466) Thumbnail displayed, click image for full size.
File: 1208154082179.jpg -(70412 B, 380x253) Thumbnail displayed, click image for full size.


Dr. Billye Dymally, the Author, earned a Doctorate of Ministry (D.MIN) in the discipline of Institutional Development in May l986, through the Honolulu Hawaii Extension of the Western Conservative Baptist Theological Seminary, headquartered in Portland Oregon. She is the author of eighteen Christian books that include a wide range of biblical subjects, written over the past three decades and used for teaching and speaking engagements to Christian Women's groups in Honolulu. Moreover, Dr. Dymally is the Founder of The American Foundation for Abused Children's Therapy, a non-profit Christian Education Agency, which has a global mission to provide children's relief and development. Further, she is also the Founder of the Prayer Alliance International and manages its website: www.christianprayeralliance.org for five million Intercessors who pray the Lord's Prayer each Tuesday together in the unity of the Holy Spirit with Jesus Christ.


A South Lebanon man is facing charges after putting a knife to another man's throat and stabbing the recliner he was seated in.
Mickael Stakem, 19, of 301 S. Third St., Lebanon, was arrested after 68-year-old Michael Stakem III, who lives at the same address, reported that the younger man was behaving erratically, put a knife to his throat and stabbed the recliner he was seated in multiple times at 4 a.m. Wednesday, police said.
Mickael Stakem was charged with simple assault, recklessly endangering another person, possession of marijuana and criminal mischief.
Stakem is being held at central booking and is awaiting arraignment, according to police.


text:
matriwords
Essays, Commentaries, Jottings – In the Light of Sri Aurobindo (PLUS some photography)
Indian National Education
Matriwords E-books
Bhagavad Gita: A Study in the Light of Sri Aurobindo
Sri Aurobindo – A Yogi Revolutionary: A Research Monograph
The Thinking Indian
A Video Peek
Book Excerpts: Essay # 7
Photo-Features
Book Reviews & Views
The 'Beauty' Blog
India on Our Mind
Fictional Jottings
Talks et al
The Organisational Cycle: From Reason to Subjectivity (Conclusion)
Published in the February 2016 issue of Sraddha, Vol. 7 (3), pp. 128-146.
An Inwardly Guided Decision-Making Approach
What does this all mean for how we should make a decision? Or how we should resolve the crisis within when we don't know what is the right thing to do? Again, this is applicable for both, the individual and the collective organisation.
An example will help us illustrate. Thermax Limited, a Pune-based engineering company identifies itself as an organisation committed to "conserving energy and preserving the environment."[1] It was established in 1966 in collaboration with a Belgian company Wanson, to commence business operations under the name of Wanson India Ltd., manufacturing small boilers at a unit in Dadar, Mumbai. The company was renamed Thermax Limited in 1980. Its founder-chairperson, Rohinton D. Aga was a visionary, dynamic and charismatic leader and contributed much to the company's growth. In February 1996 due to a sudden massive heart attack he died and his wife Anu Aga took charge as the company's chairperson three days later. But barely a year after her husband's death and all within a fortnight of each other Anu's mother-in-law and their family pet died. And as if that was not cruel enough, while driving back from Bangalore after fixing a customer's faulty boiler to regain a lost order, her son Kurush met with a fatal accident.[2]
While on personal front Anu was grieving the irreplaceable losses of her husband, son, mother-in-law and her pet, in her work life she discovered that the company's business was on a downward trend and some major decisions were to be made to halt this negative trend and bring the company back on track. Things couldn't have been any tougher for this business leader.
In order to cope with her tremendous personal grief and also to come to terms with the new set of responsibilities thrust upon her, Anu Aga sought to look for something that will help her regain her inner poise. She decided to go through ten-day intensive Vipassana, the Buddhist discipline of meditation. According to her "Vipassana helped me to come [to] terms with my husband's death. It was there that I realized that I could never be my husband, and I have the option to take help from others."[3]
Gradually, Aga regained confidence in her abilities to run the business and took some real tough decisions, and the company was eventually able to make a turnaround. Then in 2004 she handed over the reins of the business to her daughter, Meher Pudumjee. According to the Forbes magazine, Anu Aga was amongst the eight richest Indian women, and in 2007 was part of 40 richest Indians by net worth.[4]
Let us take another example where a business leader sought inner guidance prior to making any important decision. In our previous articles we have given several examples from the story of Aravind Eye Hospital and its visionary founder, Dr. V. We share one more instance from the book Infinite Vision: How Aravind became the World's greatest business case for compassion by Mehta & Shenoy (2012).
"It is not unusual in Arvind's history to see the brakes slammed on a project at an advanced stage by the same person who set the wheels in motion. Dr. V [the founder] was as beloved as he was notorious, for calling shots based solely on inner guidance and at certain times he was not to be reasoned with. "Sometimes when there is an important decision to be made, he will say, 'Let me ask Sri Aurobindo and the Mother, says Natchair [sister of Dr. V]. "Then a couple [of days] later he comes with a very clear answer. But there are also times when, if you ask him about a particular step or changing some plan he will just look at you for a long while and not say anything…"[5]
It is not difficult to guess that the reason for Dr. V's silence could be that he wanted to think with a calm and silent mind before deciding on the course of an action or saying anything to his co-workers. When seen purely with a rational mind, such a 'silent' behaviour from a business leader might seem as not being fully transparent and rather vague and unreasonable. But when we begin to look at such behaviour from a subjective point of view, different explanations may emerge. Perhaps it is possible that the answers emerging from an inward turning are somewhat difficult to articulate and thus the best response is to stay silent lest the listener operating at a different level of consciousness should misunderstand or misinterpret. Or perhaps the subjective feeling of the leader is that the present time is not the right time to explain the deeper reasons behind a certain decision. Many such possibilities exist, and only the person making the decision in that moment knows which one is the 'truest' possibility based on the knowledge or insight obtained through his or her subjective in-search.
In the book Infinite Vision one also finds several dairy entries of Dr. V. that give a good idea about his deep reverence and faith for Sri Aurobindo and the Mother. One also finds entries reflecting his deep introspection and prayers. These were in a way, the 'tools of his trade' – the means he used to turn inwardly to seek answers, to know what he was meant to decide and how he was supposed to act in any particular situation. These subjective tools of Dr. V's decision-making approach are not taught in standard business schools where the emphasis still remains on inculcating the value of a rational decision-making approach for business leaders and managers. But from times immemorial great leaders in all spheres of human activity have relied primarily on an 'inner feeling', some type of an intuitive or inspired knowledge to make the most critical decisions in their work. This is as true of scientists as it is of business leaders and pioneers.
We present one more example to show how a subjective 'feeling' helped another Indian business tycoon in 19th century arrive at an important decision. Sometime in the middle of July 1893, Swami Vivekananda and Jamshedji Tata travelled together on a ship named SS Empress which was on its way to Vancouver. Swami Vivekananda was on his way to attend the World Parliament of Religions to be held in Chicago, and Jamshedji Tata was on a business trip to the USA. A few years later Tata wrote a letter (on November 23, 1898) to Swami Vivekananda recalling one of the discussions they had on the ship. The letter reads:
"Dear Swami Vivekananda, I trust you remember me as a fellow-traveller on your voyage from Japan to Chicago. I very much recall at this moment your views on the growth of the ascetic spirit in India, and the duty, not of destroying, but of diverting it into useful channels. I recall these ideas in connection with my scheme of the Research Institute of Science for India, of which you have doubtless heard or read. It seems to me that no better use can be made of the ascetic spirit than the establishment of monasteries or residential halls for men dominated by this spirit, where they should live with ordinary decency, and devote their lives to the cultivation of sciences – natural and humanistic. I am of opinion that if such a crusade in favour of an asceticism of this kind were undertaken by a competent leader, it would greatly help asceticism, science, and the good name of our common country: and I know not who would make a more fitting general of such a campaign than Vivekananda…"[6].
What strikes us the most in this letter is Jamshedji Tata's belief that Swami Vivekananda would make a perfect leader for an institution dedicated to Science. A more 'rationality' or 'reason' led business tycoon wanting to invest his money in a scientific research institute would look for a world-renowned scientist to head such an organisation. But it takes an inwardly-open heart and mind like that of Jamshedji Tata to invite Swami Vivekananda, a mahayogi, an ascetic and a spiritual master to take up the task of leading a scientific research institution. From where does his belief come? Surely, the conversation he had with Swamiji aboard the ship would have had some impact. But again, what he got from that conversation is worth serious reflection. It is likely that he was able to subjectively grasp the deep similarity between the true spirit of Science and the true essence of spiritual seeking and asceticism. This wasn't just limited to an intellectual belief for him, this became part of his inner knowledge to such an extent that he was willing to put his money behind a science institution headed by a spiritual master and an ascetic. This was most definitely a decision he took using a deeper subjective knowledge than a reason-led model.
The sad part of the story is that due to the British reluctance and the hurdles created by the bureaucracy the institute could not be established until 1909. Swami Vivekananda had left his body in 1902, while Jamshedji Tata passed away in 1904.
All the examples shared above help us appreciate the role of subjectivity, an inward-turning that becomes the basis for making critical decisions for an organisation. This subjective phase for an organisation's evolution is essential for it to fully recognise that a collective, "like the individual, has a body, an organic life, a moral and aesthetic temperament, a developing mind and a soul behind all these signs and powers for the sake of which they exist. One may say even that, like the individual, it essentially is a soul rather than has one; it is a group-soul that, once having attained to a separate distinctness, must become more and more self-conscious and find itself more and more fully as it develops its corporate action and mentality and its organic self-expressive life."[7] In this subjective process of becoming self-conscious and working toward self-fulfilment – individually or collectively – one recognises and experiences errors, pitfalls and wrong turns. An organisation must, therefore, duly prepare to guard itself from the potential dangers on the path which have to do with misrecognising the vital-self as the true-self of the collective.
[1] http://www.thermaxglobal.com/index.php
[2] Anu Aga: A House by the River. 2009. http://forbesindia.com/column/zen-garden/anu-aga-a-house-by-the-river/2362/1#ixzz3snG5LCB6.
[3]Shweta Punj. 2013. Why I Failed: Lessons from Leaders, pp. 27-29.
[4] Thermax. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermax
[5] Pavithra Mehta and Suchitra Shenoy. 2012. Infinite Vision: How Aravind Became the World's Greatest Business Case for Compassion. p 155
[6] Tarun Goswami. Swami Vivekananda, Jamshedji Tata and the Indian Institute of Science. http://vivekanandaarchive.org/admin/article_image/_file_f2ce429ab0ca42092cc72bd7ebc54b1211edf092.pdf
[7] Sri Aurobindo, CWSA, Vol. 25, p. 35
READ PART 1, PART 2, PART 3, PART 4
Published by Suhas Mehra
An agricultural engineer and food technologist by training and education. Many years of experience in food technology research and development, in international research organisations as well as big multinational corporations. Personal interest led me to study business management as well. Presently working as a part-time consultant for a socially responsible business organisation in Auroville. Other interests include studying Sri Aurobindo's social and cultural thought, photography and lazying around.	View all posts by Suhas Mehra
Management, Research
Business Studies, Organisational Studies, Spirituality in Life
The Organisational Cycle: From Reason to Subjectivity (Part 4)
Chintan: India and Me: Part 6: Connection
9 thoughts on "The Organisational Cycle: From Reason to Subjectivity (Conclusion)"
Haven't seen so deep thoughts earlier, on any subject. You seem to be very close to the teachings of his highness.
Thank you. But my husband and I are only students, beginners really. Sri Aurobindo's social philosophy is so vast and profound, it is more like we are just stepping into it. Working on this series is helping us deepen our learning, and that's the main reason for doing it 🙂
Happy reading this…if you both are so fond of it, i know you would surely find bliss (maybe already finding) in it.
Thank you 🙂 That's kind of you.
Dagny says:
Reading this series was an absolute pleasure. Such nuggets of wisdom and insight are rare to find in a single body of work. I'm going to read the whole things again. There is much to absorb and imbibe in the series which a first reading cannot do justice to.
So happy to have 'met' you both!
Thank you, dear Dagny! We are both so happy that you enjoyed this article so thoroughly. Indeed such heartfelt appreciation and encouragement add much to our motivation 🙂
And we really hope we all get to meet soon in the world beyond the computers!
A heartfelt amen to that Beloo!
Pingback: In Search of Organisational Soul – I (Part 1) | matriwords
Pingback: In Search of Organisational Soul–II (Conclusion) | matriwords
Please note that the owners and writers view matriwords as a sacred space, a feeling shared by many of our regular readers. So any abuse or profanity in any comment will not be tolerated, and such comments will be summarily deleted. Thanks for your co-operation. Cancel reply
Hampi Continues to Live – Part 6
Of Life, Mind and Progress
Notes on Reading 'Abhaya' in the Light of Sri Aurobindo
Writer's Block: Master to the Rescue
The Narasimha Avatar: Optimisation Gone Astray
A Series Inspired by India's Rebirth – 4
A Note on the Future of Inter-religious Harmony in India
Archives Select Month January 2020 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 July 2019 June 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 September 2018 June 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 November 2017 October 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015
View beloo.mehra's profile on Facebook
View beloom's profile on Pinterest
View beloomehra's profile on LinkedIn
Liked it yet?
Beloo Mehra
Suhas Mehra
Explore Select Category Art (8) Books (21) Culture (41) Education (27) Guest Post (31) History (6) India on Our Mind (94) Indian History (19) Management (21) Renaissance (20) Research (39) Society (37) Spirituality (47) Writing Woes (1)
When Pictures Speak
"A nexus between the physical and supraphysical"
"Brahmatej is the thing…"
"She creates and creates…"
A Living Experiment in Human Unity
Amazing Adalaj: Step into the Well
Are We Ready to Love?
Art for the Divine
Auroville Dawnfire 2019
Bahubali, the Strong-armed One
Blossoming Delights
Gangaikonda Cholapuram: A Journey Within
Guru's Words
Krishna-Radha in Manipur
Matrimandir – the Soul of Auroville
Of Ahimsa, War and Warriors
Opening the Door
Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli: A Treasure to Cherish
Peace is the Way
Shankhnaad: Call to the Victory
Stop and Smell the Flowers
The Mother: Durga Puja Special
The Queen Who Went into Hiding
The Wonder of Kanchi Kailashnathar
Wake up to the Inner Light
Photos by Suhas Mehra
Gajasursamhara Shiva
Finally, the door begins to open, ever so slightly
Photo by Suhas Taken at North-East India Festival, Sri Aurobindo Auditorium, Auroville, TN
Photo by Suhas Mehra
The View Matrimandir, Auroville
Walking the Path
Agni, a Cure for the Hunger for Praise
"Nobody can take Him away!"
"Our acts interpret an omniscient Force"
Be Simple
Dance, Be Happy
Gratitude, in Pictures
Guru's Words on 'Guruvada' – Part I
Guru's Words on 'Guruvada' – Part II
Musings on Surrender
Of Love, Egoism and Attachment
On Attachments
On Divine Grace
Practicing Harmony
Prayer in Pictures
Quit Wallowing in the Mud
Reminder to Reject
Unearthing the Path: A Photo-Essay
What is Surrender?
When Everything was Perfect
Book Reviews and Views
A Book about 12 Women (Learning from the Mahabharata)
A Few of Amrita Pritam's Works – InShorts
"All Art is Quite Useless": What a Wild(e) Idea!
Krishna Sobti's 2 Works – InShorts
Notes on the First Indian Novel in English
Review of Maria Wirth's book "Thank You India"
Some Musings on "Musings on Hinduism"
The Living Faith – by Dinesh Khanna
True or Untrue? (Learning from the Mahabharata)
Aims of True Education: Sri Aurobindo and Mahatma Gandhi
From the Teacher's Desk
The Art of Questioning -1
The Art of Questioning-3
Who Will Speak For The Students?
Reflections on Art and Culture
A Poet and A Painter: एक कवि और एक चित्रकार
An Afternoon at Ajanta
An Evening of Dance (Reflections on Art)
Details of the Infinite
Indian Classical Music – A Slow and Patient Perfection
Learning Art Appreciation with Sri Aurobindo
Of Art, Love and Creation
On Movies, Art and Culture
The Love of the Gopis
On Society, Culture and Nation
Citizen Responsibility: Invoking the Sacred
India's Daughter: An Indian Daughter's Opinion
Letter of Concern
Musings on Nation and Nationalism in Sri Aurobindo's Light
Musings on Reason, Religion and Reform
Perception and Propaganda in the Discourse about Women Safety in India
Perpetually Outraged
Sex-Selective Abortion in India: Asking and Answering the Questions
Should You Blame Our Culture?
The Art of Discussion
The Idea of India
Truth vs. Tabloid – An Analysis of Dowry
Life Reflections
Of Knots and Freedom
Did I miss a birthday?
Pause before RIP(ping)
Silent Travels
And So I Wait…
Storytime: The Greatest Thing
Four Lessons from Home Renovation
एक दिन ऐसा भी…A Day Like This
Why Give? Or Not Give?
I am Home! Or Am I?
An Electronic Death
Beautiful Little Happy Things
Forgetting and Remembering
Filmy Musings: Amar Prem (and a painting at home)
Some Academic Papers and Talks
Videos of Some Past Projects
Books et al by Beloo Mehra
ABC's of Indian National Education (Book)
IDRF: Let the Facts Speak
Multiple and Shifting Identities (Book Chapter)
Research or Personal Quest? (Book Chapter)
Sri Aurobindo's Yoga on a Western Campus (Book Chapter)
The Thinking Indian (E-book)
Writing Woes
Aesthetics Ahimsa Bhagavad Gita Book Review Business Studies Dharma Economy Faith Hampi Hindu Deities Hinduism Hindu temples Holistic Education Indian Art Indian Culture Indian Education Indian Festivals Indian Freedom Movement Indian History Indian Literature Indian Politics Indian Polity Indian Renaissance Indian Society Indian temple architecture Indian Women Indian Youth Integral Feminism Kishkindha Krishna Life Reflections Literary Criticism Living Philosophy Mahabharata Mahatma Gandhi Nation Nationalism Organisational Studies Photography Practical Psychology Ramayana Spirituality in Life Spiritual Psychology Sri Aurobindo Truth Vijayanagara Writing Yoga


Good service is a point of pride for us!
Helprint offers the customer Northern Europe's most effective and extensive printing resources. The Helprint printing facility is located in Mikkeli and has four gravure machines. With the Nordic countries and Russia as our home market, we're always close by to serve you - and in your own language.We produce gravure-printed magazines, sales catalogues and printed advertising products for our customers. The gravure production method is most commonly used in high-quantity, four-colour printing jobs. Our client base in different countries consists of leading magazines, retail chains, corporations and advertising agencies.
In addition to providing a high-quality printed product, we have always considered service to be an integral part of our operations. If you are already a Helprint customer, you know that good service is a point of pride for us.


Lucy that little australopithecine which we also know as AL 288-1 is quite possibly the most popular fossil hominid known. Her remains have sparked lots of controversy lately, which shows how important and impactful this 3 million year old is to the field of paleoanthropology as well as popular culture. To feed into the pop culture craze, Norbert and Liberatore have created a graphic novel titled, "Lucy." The site is in French and I don't know French, so I can't really give you more information other than that.
Judging from the sample pages the authors put up, the illustrations look very well done. The story line and page layouts remind me less of a graphic novel like Maus or Persepolis and more of the Marvell comics I read as a child. Curious to see an example? Check this one out.
I like the art very good. Reminds me of Gregg Griffin at Blah Blah Gallery because they can paint any style cartoon or real.


What route does the Pride Parade take?
The parade kicks off at on Saturday 26 August at an earlier time this year of 12.30pm. While there's no set finish, the parade itself is expected to last about two hours - though you'll want to arrive early to ensure you get a good viewing spot. The parade starts on Liverpool Road, before turning onto Deansgate, Peter Street and down towards Portland Street through the Village before heading to the Whitworth Street to Fairfield Street. There will also be a candlelit vigil on Sunday 28 August in Sackville Gardens to remember those lost to the HIV virus.
Manchester Pride's flagship event will see some of the biggest names in music take to the stage in Manchester's world-famous gay village. The event is ticketed, with full weekend tickets starting at £28.50 and day tickets available at a lesser rate.
Manchester boasts a range of hotels that will be putting up Pride-goers over the weekend. For those looking to spend the weekend in the lap of luxury, the 5-star Radisson Blu Edwardian in the iconic Free Trade Hall will be getting into the spirit of Pride with a Gaydio Event on its grounds on Saturday 26 August from 12pm-4pm. The hotel is also offering the chance to win a luxury stay, dinner and champagne at Opus One for 2 people as part of their #BeeProud @RBEHotels compeititon. To enter, simply share your Pride moments with them using the hasthag #BeeProud and tagging @RBEHotels. The Radisson Blu Edwardian will also be hosting a #BeeProud of Manchester Afternoon Tea, with the proceeds being shared with the We Love Manchester Emergency Fund launched after the Manchester bombing in partnership with the British Red Cross and the Manchester Pride Charity.
Stays start at £165 per room per night including bed and breakfast. You can book online securely or call the reservations team on 0161 835 8914 quoting 'PRIDE'.


text:
The Sexiest Shows Releasing in 2023
1) Mayfair Witches (Out Now)
Mayfair Witches follows a coven of beautiful witches navigating life in the real world. When Rowan Fielding (Emma Corrigan), a young neurosurgeon, discovers that she also happens to be a witch (!), she has to learn how to harness her powers—while fighting against a sinister presence that has threatened her family for years.
See the original post on Youtube
amc+@Youtube
2) The Company You Keep (February 19)
Milo Ventimiglia plays a clever con artist in The Company You Keep. When he unknowingly has a one-night stand with a CIA agent, both their professional and personal lives threaten to implode. Will they manage to make it out of the situation in one piece? Or will their feelings get tangled up along the way? (We're betting on the latter.)
TV Promos@Youtube
3) Daisy Jones & The Six (March 3)
Daisy Jones & The Six will take you right back to the '70s—AKA the era of sex, drugs, and rock & roll. The new miniseries is based on Taylor Jenkins Reid's best-selling novel of the same name. It follows a gritty band (inspired by Fleetwood Mac), whose lead singers unexpectedly fall for each other. After performing a sold-out show at Chicago's Soldier Field, the band splits. Then, decades later, they agree to participate in a tell-all interview.
Prime Video@Youtube
4) Sanditon Season 3 (March 19th)
Yet another period romance for those who like a slow burn. Sanditon is based on Jane Austen's final novel, following the love story of Charlotte Heywood (Rose Williams) and Sidney Parker (Theo James). When Charlotte moves to Sandition, a quaint fishing town, she hopes for a quiet life. Things, of course, change when she meets Sidney—a handsome entrepreneur hoping to turn the seaside town into a luxury resort.
Masterpiece PBS@Youtube
5) The Bear Season 2 (Summer 2023)
Hot food, hot chefs, and Jeremy Allen White in a slim-fit T-shirt. What more can you want? If you were hoping for, you know, a story—don't worry, The Bear has that too. The hit HBO series follows a successful chef who returns to Chicago to work at his family's Italian beef shop after his brother dies.
6) Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story (Expected 2023)
The beloved Bridgerton saga continues this year, with the prequel series, Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story. The highly anticipated series stars India Ria Amartefio as young Charlotte, a soon-to-be queen who has to find her king. If this spinoff is anything like the original show, fans can expect to see a steamy romance.
Netflix@Youtube
7) Bridgerton Season 3 (Expected 2023)
It's a big year for Bridgerton lovers. Season Three is set to premiere sometime in 2023—and the next chapter of Bridgerton follows Lady Whistledown's (AKA Penelope, played by Nicola Coughlan) love story with Colin. The unexpected couple will surely have us all entranced.
Charley Gallay - Getty Images
8) The Idol (Expected 2023)
The Weeknd, Lilly Rose Depp, Rachel Sennott, and Troye Sivan all star in The Idol, a new series from the minds of Abel Tesfaye (The Weeknd) and Sam Levison. The Idol follows a self-help guru and modern-day cult leader who forms a relationship with a rising pop star.
HBO@Youtube
Featuring, but not limited to: 'Bridgerton,' 'The Idol,' and 'The Bear'—which, yes, absolutely counts.
Phoebe Dynevor confirms she will not be returning for 'Bridgerton' season 3, but could reprise her role 'potentially in the future'
Dynevor confirmed that Daphne Bridgerton will not make an appearance in "Bridgerton" season three. Her costar Regé-Jean Page left after season one.
20 things you probably didn't know about 'Bridgerton'
From its historical accuracy to its sex scenes, there are plenty of behind-the-scenes facts about Netflix's hit period drama you probably don't know.
Bad News, 'Bridgerton' Fans: Phoebe Dynevor Isn't Returning for Season 3
First, it was Regé-Jean Page. And now, Phoebe Dynevor has bad news for Bridgerton fans. The 27-year-old actress recently shared details about Bridgerton season 3, which will focus on the romance between Penelope Featherington (Nicola Coughlan) and Colin Bridgerton (Luke Newton). During a recent interview with Screen Rant, Dynevor revealed that her character, Daphne, won't appear in the upcoming season. When asked if Daphne will have a major story line in Bridgerton season 3, Dynevor said, "Sadly
Phoebe Dynevor Just Revealed That She's Not in 'Bridgerton' Season 3
Phoebe Dynevor just revealed that she isn't returning for Bridgerton Season 3—but could come back for future seasons.
Phoebe Dynevor will "potentially" return in future Bridgerton seasons.
According to Science, This 'Bridgerton' Star Has Been Deemed the Sexiest Man in the World
We're no scientists, but this sounds right to us—a new study was conducted in order to determine the "sexiest man alive," and it turns out former Bridgerton star Regé-Jean Page, 35, was the winner. A new report from The Daily Mail revealed that "ancient scientific research" was used to crown Page as the sexiest man in the world. So, what was the metric? The Greek Golden Ratio of Beauty Phi (which is used to measure facial symmetry) was applied by Dr. Julian De Silva, and the man formerly known a
Phoebe Dynevor Will Not Return For 'Bridgerton' Season 3
Here's news on Season 3, including which romance will take center stage: Penelope and Colin.
Phoebe Dynevor Isn't Returning for 'Bridgerton' Season 3
'Bridgerton' has been renewed for Seasons 3 and 4. Here's what to know.
Phoebe Dynevor Reveals She Probably Won't Be in "Bridgerton" Season 3
Netflix's "Bridgerton" is officially coming back for a third season. Here's what we know about the upcoming season so far.
'Virgin River' Was the Sixth Most-Streamed Original Show of 2022 (& We're Definitely Not Surprised)
It looks like 2022 was a great year for Netflix's Virgin River, although we can't say we're too surprised. According to the Nielsen U.S. streaming charts for 2022, per Deadline, the romantic drama is ranked sixth among the top 15 original shows from streaming services. With an impressive 13.6 billion minutes viewed, the popular series surpassed other hit shows like Dahmer, The Crown, Inventing Anna and Prime Video's The Boys. Check out the full list below. Baby Luv, Coco Chanel, Harajuku and man


Parkinson's disease affects nearly 10 million people worldwide and 4 million of them suffer from snoring and sleep apnea.
Parkinson's is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that attacks neurons located in the brain. The neurons release a chemical called dopamine which causes the brain to lose control of body movement and function. The more dopamine is released, the more spastic the body movements become and cannot be controlled.
One of the most recognizable symptoms of Parkinson's is tremors. They occur in the hands, arms, legs, and even in the face. They are uncontrollable by the patient and can become very burdensome and frustrating for the individual as the disease becomes more chronic. Some patients are not aware of the tremors in the early stages of Parkinson's. The same is true for the later stages when they lose all feeling and control during the tremor movements.
Stiffness in the body can also occur. Stiffness in the muscles is referred to as rigidity. The muscles tighten and are not as flexible as they once were. The stiffness may look like partial paralysis in certain limbs including the legs, arms, feet, and neck.
Another symptom of Parkinson's is slowness or impaired movement in the body and actions – commonly referred to as Bradykinesia. Spontaneous and quick movements or impulses are typically eliminated or are seen on rare occasions.
Losing your balance is also a common symptom of Parkinson's. Typically many of these symptoms are occurring at the same time and it may be difficult to walk and keep your balance when you have leg and arm tremors happening alongside the tightening of your muscles. Many patients use a wheelchair as their symptoms worsen over time.
Restless leg syndrome is usually a side effect that occurs at night. Nighttime can be extremely difficult for those with Parkinson's since medicine keeps them and their partner awake. Restless legs can interrupt sleep and also prevent one from falling asleep.
Snoring is a side effect of sleep apnea, and apnea is present in at least forty percent of Parkinson's patients. Some antidepressants trigger sleep apnea which may be prescribed to patients. Other airflow obstructions can also occur which limits the amount of oxygen to the brain, which is already stressed from the disease.
There currently is not a cure for this disease, however, it can be treated with a range of medicines and surgeries in order to manage the side effects as best as possible.
One of the many side effects of Parkinson's is interrupted sleep and nighttime disturbances. Due to the tremors and limb stiffness, it is often difficult for those with Parkinson's to fall asleep. These interruptions can also wake you up if you are in the middle of a deep sleep. Discomfort due to limb rigidity and tremor movements do not help the situation either. Some medicines can also interrupt sleep and some patients end up getting their days and nights mixed up with certain prescription medicines.
According to the Parkinson's Disease Foundation, over 40% of Parkinson's Disease patients suffer from sleep apnea. Many people w ith Parkinson's are loud snorers as well, a symptom of sleep apnea. Sleep apnea and snoring occur when there is an obstruction in the airway. When air has to find another route around an obstruction, it passes down the throat near the sides of the pharynx next to the fatty mouth tissues. These tissues start to vibrate as the air hits them and the vibration creates the loud sound of snoring. Sleep apnea comes into play when your body actually pauses breathing or snoring, and the oxygen flowing into your body and brain become interrupted. When this happens, you literally stop breathing. When your body senses this stop, a signal from the brain is sent and you wake up (sometimes unknowingly) and start breathing again, usually with a deep gasp for air or extremely loud snore. This type of sleep apnea is called obstructive sleep apnea or OSA.
Another type of sleep apnea is known as central sleep apnea. Central sleep apnea (CSA) is also linked to Parkinson's disease because unlike an obstruction in the airway in OSA, CSA results in a miscommunication from the brain. The brain fails to signal the muscles in your respiratory system to breath, thus skipping a breath or multiple breaths. This is more common in Parkinson's patients since neurons in the brain are already malfunctioning and producing dopamine. Scientists relate to sleep apnea with Parkinson's due to these brain malfunctions, which is why the presence of sleep apnea is so common in the disease.
There are several types of treatments and therapies out there specifically to treat snoring and sleep apnea. Let's look at a few options below.
The main treatment for sleep apnea not only for Parkinson's patients but for the vast majority of sleep apnea sufferers is the use of a CPAP machine. CPAP stands for continuous positive airway pressure and it is a therapy for treating obstructive sleep apnea. The CPAP machine is a small lunchbox-sized machine that sits on your nightstand or next to your bed with a series of tubes connected to a face mask. The person wears the face mask which is attached to a tube where oxygen is being pumped by the machine and into your nose. The oxygen is pumped by a steady flow consistently throughout the night so that there is no breathing pattern interruption.
Work with your doctor to determine which type of sleep apnea you are experiencing. Your doctor will administer a sleep study to better understand your sleeping patterns and the extent of the apnea.
There are several snoring treatments available on the market. Over the counter, products include nasal cones, nasal strips, nasal sprays, essential oils, and night guards. Prescription based products including snoring mouthpieces and tongue stabilizing devices can also be quite effective. Surgical procedures like the pillar procedure and a tonsillectomy are also other more invasive options. It's important to consult your doctor when deciding on the best snoring solution for you or a loved one with Parkinson's disease.
Previous post: Nasal Cone vs Mouthguard – Which One is Better For Snoring?


text:
Classified in: Environment, Business
Subjects: NPT, ECO, RCY, ENI
Launch of collaboration to develop biodiversity indicators for Québec investors
MONTRÉAL, Dec. 8, 2022 /CNW Telbec/ - Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (CDPQ), Fondaction, the Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (CPAWS Quebec), the Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS) and Université de Sherbrooke have joined forces to conduct research with the goal of creating a series of biodiversity indicators specific to the Québec territory and its investors.
These indicators will be used to provide a better measurement of the impact investments have on biodiversity. Once created, they will allow a first in Canada: mobilizing players in conservation, biodiversity, research and finance to rally around protecting Québec's biodiversity.
"The way our collective savings is invested can reduce our impact on nature, and in some cases, even help restore it. This is why CPAWS Québec is working with teams researching how to balance economic activity with the limits of our ecosystems, as well as with investors seeking to be leaders in environmental protection, in order to further the dialogue on the best local indicators for measuring impacts on biodiversity," explained Diego Creimer, Finance and Biodiversity Director, CPAWS Québec.
Investors represent a critical lever for quickly transforming the economy to reverse the loss of biodiversity. The indicators created by this project will establish a shared framework to assess the impact investments have on biodiversity and improve decision-making.
"There is no reason to compete when it comes to biodiversity loss, climate change and social inequality. The challenge is monumental, and it's only by working together and toward the same goal that we'll succeed. This research project to produce a series of biodiversity indicators specific to the Québec territory means local investors, like Fondaction, will be able to make decisions that are as informed as possible, thereby limiting the negative impact of our investments, and more importantly, ensures that financing can have a positive impact on nature," explained Geneviève Morin, President and Chief Executive Officer of Fondaction.
"This unique project will provide shared indicators specific to Québec that investors like CDPQ can leverage to have a positive impact on society and nature. Our contribution will act as a knowledge catalyst for supporting our collective transition to a sustainable, equitable and resilient world," said Marc-André Blanchard, Executive Vice-President and Head of CDPQ Global and Global Head of Sustainability, CDPQ.
The two-year research project, which aims to develop tools to better inform investors' choices to preserve and protect nature and essential services for communities, is led by Félix Landry, a postdoctoral student of Professor Dominique Gravel at Université de Sherbrooke, to ensure the rigour and expertise required by the importance of these issues.
"The project is built around collaboration, which ensures sufficient planning and execution that follows scientific methods and the needs of the financial sector," added Dominique Gravel, Professor in the Biology Department at Université de Sherbrooke.
About CDPQ
At CDPQ, we invest constructively to generate sustainable returns over the long term. As a global investment group managing funds for public pension and insurance plans, we work alongside our partners to build enterprises that drive performance and progress. We are active in the major financial markets, private equity, infrastructure, real estate and private debt. As at June 30, 2022, CDPQ's net assets totalled CAD 391.6 billion. For more information, visit cdpq.com, follow us on Twitter or consult our Facebook or LinkedIn pages.
CDPQ is a registered trademark owned by Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec and licensed for use by its subsidiaries.
About Fondaction
A forerunner in sustainable finance for the past 25 years, Fondaction brings together individuals that are mobilizing for the positive transformation of society, taking action to make Québec's economy more equitable, inclusive, green and successful. As a labour-sponsored fund, Fondaction represents tens of thousands of savers and hundreds of companies committed to helping Québec progress. It manages net assets of more than $3.11 billion invested in hundreds of businesses and in financial markets, prioritizing investments that generate positive economic, social and environmental impacts in addition to a financial return. Fondaction helps create and maintain quality jobs, reduce inequalities and fight climate change. For more information, go to fondaction.com or our LinkedIn page.
About the Quebec chapter of the Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (CPAWS Québec)
CPAWS Québec is a non-profit organization dedicated to the protection of nature. We are working to create a network of protected areas across Quebec to ensure the long-term protection of the boreal forest, the North, the St. Lawrence river and gulf and the ecosystems that support our threatened species. We also ensure the proper management of existing protected areas. Founded in 2001, CPAWS Québec can draw on a Canadian network that has been active since 1963, and which today consists of a national office in Ottawa and 13 chapters from coast to coast.
About the Université de Sherbrooke
The Université de Sherbrooke is in the heart of one of Quebec's three major research hubs. Known for its sense of innovation, the Université de Sherbrooke is a key partner of senior and regional governments in the promotion of economic, cultural, and social development. It has garnered a reputation due to, among other things, the strong growth in its research activities in recent years, its successes in technology transfers, as well as its initiatives in entrepreneurship and open innovation in collaboration with industry and social milieus.
About the Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science
The QCBS groups more than 120 researchers working at the forefront of the field both nationally and internationally, and represents a partnership between 12 universities and 4 collaborating organizations: Bishop's University, Concordia University, McGill University, Université de Montréal, Université du Québec à Montréal, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Université Laval, Université de Sherbrooke, INRS-institut Armand Frappier, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Université du Québec en Outaouais, TELUQ, the Montréal Botanical Garden, Biodôme de Montréal, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada. Its mission is to foster and promote a world-class research and training program in biodiversity science, facilitate scientific cooperation and learning among a cross-disciplinary group of researchers and assume a lead role on biodiversity related issues and to contribute to the academic and public debate on biodiversity loss.
SOURCE CDPQ
LG Art Lab Announces Collaboration with Sculptor Barry X Ball for New Series of NFTs and Physical Sculptures Debuting at Frieze Los Angeles 2023
LG Electronics (LG) announced today the advancement of its LG Art Lab platform featuring new artworks including NFTs and a 24-karat gold-plated sculpture by Brooklyn-based sculptor Barry X Ball. Launching on February 16 and tied to the VIP preview...
Goldwynn Resort & Residences Debuts on Cable Beach in The Bahamas
Goldwynn Resort & Residences, "Where All Great Things Come to a Beginning," announces today its highly-anticipated opening on Cable Beach in Nassau, Bahamas. The intimate, modern retreat is perfectly positioned on a pristine stretch of beach and...
Savvas Learning Company Receives 2023 Top Workplaces USA Award
Savvas Learning Company, a K-12 next-generation learning solutions leader, announced today that for the second year in a row it has earned the 2023 Top Workplaces USA award, an honor which recognizes companies nationally for their strong workplace...
Truist increases prime rate to 7.75%
Truist Financial Corporation announced an increase in its prime lending rate to 7.75% from 7.50%, effective tomorrow, Feb. 2, 2023. About TruistTruist Financial Corporation is a purpose-driven financial services company committed to inspiring and...
Revenue, Hiring, and Customer Adoption Growth Accelerated in 2022: Aviso Outperforms Expectations to Complete Record-Setting Year
Aviso AI, the only AI-guided Revenue Operating System recognized for its single pane of glass platform, announced it outperformed expectations with a record-setting fiscal year. In FY23, the company grew revenue year-over-year by 200%, employee...
Building a strong economy means supporting businesses as they adapt, grow and seek out new economic opportunities. In the Northwest Territories (NWT), Indigenous and Northern businesses are building a path forward through creativity, new ideas and...


On behalf of Rosenstein Law Group posted in Drunk Driving on Friday, March 29, 2019.
The person engages in any activity that is not related to the actual operation of the motor vehicle in a manner that interferes with the state operation of the motor vehicle.
Here is our legal analysis of this bill in layperson's words: If a police officer sees a person doing ANYTHING inside a car other than operating the car itself while driving and the officer subjectively deems that it is keeping the driver from the "safe operation of the motor vehicle" and they drive in ANY way that the police officer deems could potentially be dangerous or exhibit poor driving, than the officer can: (1) pull the driver over, (2) make them exit their car, (3) search the driver, (4) charge them with a crime, (5) tow their vehicle, (6) search their vehicle, and (7) even take them to jail.
Under the language of this Bill the following activities in a moving car would allow the officer to do all of the above to the driver: eating fast food or drinking coffee; changing the radio station; adjusting the air conditioning; looking at a map or printed directions; briefly looking over at a passenger in the front passenger seat or a child in a rear seat; answering a handsfree cell phone call or in any other way touching the dashboard or control panel; reaching into the center console for a pack of gum; applying any makeup or chap stick; giving your passenger a high five; and certainly texting.
As currently written this bill is a slippery slope that will lead to police officers pulling Arizona drivers over whenever they feel like, because doing nearly anything in a car other than keeping your hands at 10 and 2 while driving will give police the authority to do it.
(a) Manually type or enter text into a cellular telephone or other handheld wireless communications device, or send or read data using any such device to access or search the Internet or to engage in nonvoice communications with another person, including, without limitation, texting, electronic messaging and instant messaging.
The attorneys of this office strongly encourage that our State Senate revisit the language of this bill before its passage, and strongly encourage those whom care about their civil rights in their vehicles to contact their representatives.


In three separate incidents, livestock were killed and more than one of them butchered, in Sioux County, North Dakota, near the town of Cannon Ball, last week. Cows are also missing from the area.
According to the North Dakota Stockmen's Association Chief Brand Inspector Stan Misek, the first livestock found included one dead saddle horse, and four dead cows, on the south side of the Cannonball River. These same operators also reported at least 30 head of mixed color cows missing. Brand information on the cattle is not being released to the public.
The same day, Oct. 15, three bison were found dead on the north side of the Cannonball River, said Julie Ellingson, NDSA Executive Vice President. In both cases, some animals appeared to have been butchered, said Ellingson.
Three days later, the owner of the dead horse and cows reported that two cows had been found shot on the same property – one with a small caliber firearm and one with multiple arrows. Both cows were living and being treated by a veterinarian.
The next day, Oct. 19, another dead horse was reported by the same individual(s) who reported the first dead horse and cows.
According to Misek, the NDSA, the group that handles brand inspecting and investigating for the state, is not releasing the names of the livestock owners or brand information about the livestock for safety reasons.
All of the dead animals were found very near the campsites of the Dakota Access Pipeline protests.
Ellingson stressed that NDSA is not accusing the protesters of any wrongdoing.
"There is proximity to the camps. It could be coincidence. It is a matter of fact but that doesn't mean that they are to blame. We hope we can find out who is to blame," she said.
It is unlikely that any of the cases were caused by careless hunters, she said.
"It would be pretty ironic that so many of these animals would be killed so close together. One had multiple arrows in her."
The NDSA has a standing reward of up to $14,000 for information leading to the arrest and conviction of any person stealing, butchering or shooting cattle, horses or mules in the state. Anyone with information about these cases should call NDSA Chief Brand Inspector Stan Misek at 701-223-2522 or 701-720- 2430 or Sioux County Sheriff Frank Landeis at 701-854-3481.


My Son was asking for snack for quite sometime.. They need something crunchy with rice (even with many vegetables). Last year with few visitors and our few visit to India we have been getting snacks from my mum and was there at home continuously so I have decided to give it a break. It has been 7 weeks in a row without snacks.. I decide to reward them. So today I did murukku. I always have murukku mavvu in the fridge. So it si easy to do.
Add salt to lukewarm water and mix it to dry ingredients and make into a soft pliable dough.
Take a handful of dough and place this in a murukku presser.
Use this aachu for mullu murukku.Or you can use the 3 stars one also.
Heat the oil till it becomes hot.
Repeat this process for the remaining dough.


text:
import Immutable from 'immutable';
import {setIn, deleteIn, mergeIn, pushIn, concatIn, setNewState, funcMapDefault, subProcess, recursivePushChildrenIds, concatRelatedIds, initLoading, finishLoading, initCore} from './utils'
import util from './util'
import * as actionClasses from '../constants/ActionClasses'
import * as types from '../constants/ActionTypes'

/*
function a(state, action) {
  const {myId, myClass, temp} = action
  var Entities = state.get('Entities', Immutable.Map())

  var newEntities = mergeIn(Entities, [myId], {temp})

  return setNewState(state, myId, newEntities)
}
*/

var funcMap = {
  [types.INIT_MY_IMAGE]: initCore,
}

const PROC_MAP = {
  [actionClasses.UTIL]: util,
}

function myImageCore(state, action) {
  return funcMap[action.type] && funcMap[action.type](state, action) || funcMapDefault(state, action)
}

export default function myImage (state=Immutable.Map(), action={}) {
  var myId = state.get('myId', '')

  switch (action.myClass) {
    case actionClasses.MY_IMAGE:
      return myImageCore(state, action)
    default:
      if(!myId) return state

      if(PROC_MAP[action.myClass]) {
        var proc = PROC_MAP[action.myClass]
        var newSubState = subProcess(state, action, proc)
        var newEntities = newSubState.get('Entities', Immutable.Map())
        return setNewState(state, myId, newEntities)
      }

      return funcMapDefault(state, action)
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


po: Fix a few typography issues in the Portuguese (Brazil)	translation.
Previous message: po: Mark an incomplete Portuguese (Brazil) translation as fuzzy.
Next message: po: Tweak the wrapping of a few Russian translations.


Want to meet Malcolm McDowell (Halloween, 31), Jeff Daniel Phillips (The Lords of Salem, 31) and Doom-Head himself, Richard Brake (Halloween 2, 31)? Then get to the San Jose Convention Center from October 27 – 29 2017 to attend the Famous Monsters Halloween Convention.
Meet the stars, get memorabilia signed and get to ask that burning question that has haunted you since you saw them do that thing in that scene!


text:
\section{Introduction}

It was already noticed in the early 60s \citep{W63} that chromospheric
activity   decreases during the main  sequence  life time of late type
stars like the Sun, and that the strength  of the emission in the core
of  the  broad and deep  Ca {\sc   II} H  and K   lines is  a reliable
indicator of chromospheric activity   level.  From that time   on, the
possibility of using H and K emission to measure stellar ages has been
widely explored    and  an impressive   amount    of data   on stellar
chromospheric  activity has been  collected,  especially in the  Mount
Wilson   program, started by  \cite{MWC},   and, more recently, during
planet--search surveys \citep[see   e.g.][]   {pss}.    Unfortunately,
chromospheric activity as an age indicator suffers a major limitation.
Activity   cycles equivalent  to    the   11--year long   solar   one,
longer--term activity variations, which caused the Maunder--minimum in
the Sun  , and, in some  stars, a  hidden  dependence on  stellar mass
\citep{cc07} and rotational  modulation, strongly affect  the level of
activity.  We believe that there is  an even more severe limitation on
the use of  chromospheric  activity  as an  age indicator:  its  decay
almost stops after about 1.5 Gyr, therefore activity is not a reliable
indicator of age for stars older than that.

Two  papers support  this view:  \cite{paper1}, hereafter  paper~1, of
which   this   study   can   be   considered   a   continuation,   and
\cite{lyra}. Nevertheless, many other  works pointed out the existence
of  a correlation  between chromospheric  activity and  age,  and many
attempts    were     made    to    calibrate     chromospheric    ages
\citep{sod91,don93,lach99}.  It is of primary importance to understand
the limitations of chromospheric activity as a reliable age indicator,
since it  has been  used to study,  for example,  the age--metallicity
relation  in the  Galactic disk  \citep{rp00a}, and  the age  of stars
hosting planetary systems \citep{saffe}.

In order to understand how chromospheric activity decays, observations
in solar--type stars  in open clusters are the  most appropriate tool,
since their ages can be  determined much more precisely than for field
stars.  The  paucity of old  open clusters in the  solar neighbourhood
hindered our progress until the  advent of the 8-- and 10--meter class
telescopes,  which  made  possible   the  acquisition  of  spectra  of
solar--type stars in several old  and distant clusters at a resolution
and a signal-to-noise ratio high enough to distinguish and resolve the
emission  core  in  the Ca{\sc  II}  K  line.   This is  necessary  to
accurately correct for the absorption by interstellar lines of Ca {\sc
  II} and thus to reliably measure chromospheric activity.

To the sample analysed in paper~1, we have added data on 5 solar--type
stars in the open clusters  NGC~5822 and IC~4756.  We selected the two
new target  clusters mainly  on the basis  of their  age, specifically
because we  wanted their ages to  lie between those of  the Hyades and
Praesepe and those of IC~4651 and NGC~3680, studied by \cite{sal}.  As
a result we have chromospheric activity data for 25 stars younger than
1 Gyr,  2 stars at  about 1 Gyr,  7 stars at about  1.5 Gyr, and  6 at
solar age.

The availability of UVES spectra allowed us to also accurately measure
temperatures and  metallicities for our target stars,  which have been
used in the  present work, but the details of  which will be published
elsewhere.

\section{Observations and sample}
\label{obs}

Target stars  were selected to be high--probability  single members of
IC~4756 and NGC~5822 and to be as similar to the Sun as possible.  The
choice  was made  on  the basis  of  the photometry  by \cite{hs}  for
IC~4756 and  by \cite{tatm} for  NGC~5822.  The former study  was made
with  photographic  plates,  and  the cluster  suffers  from  variable
extinction, therefore the photometric precision was not good enough to
exclude binaries with a high  level of confidence.  On the other hand,
probabilities of  membership published therein  are based on  a proper
motion study  which uses  a time baseline  of 43 years,  therefore are
quite accurate.  Spectra were taken  with the UVES spectrograph at the
focus of  the Kuyen telescope.  Observations were  carried out between
April and  September 2004.   The wavelength coverage  is from  3200 to
4600 {\AA} for the  blue arm, and from 4800 to 6800  {\AA} for the red
arm.  The slit width for the former was set to 0.8 arcsec, and for the
latter  to 0.4  arcsec,  giving a  resolution  of R$\approx$60000  and
R$\approx$100000 respectively  \citep{UVES}.  Data were  reduced using
the UVES pipeline \citep{UVESpipe}.

From  2 to  7 spectra  were obtained  for each  star.  Radial velocity
measurements  were   used  to  strengthen   single--member  selection.
Details   will   be   given   elsewhere   (Pace  et   al.   2009,   in
preparation). The final new sample consists of 3 stars in IC~4756 and 2 in
NGC~5822.

To the best  of our knowledge, \cite{sal} provide  the most recent set
of age evaluations for a sample  of open clusters that includes all of
those analysed by us.  They find an age of 0.7~Gyr for both Hyades and
Praesepe,  0.8 Gyr  for IC~4756,  1.2 Gyr  for NGC~5822,  1.4  Gyr for
NGC~3680, 1.7 Gyr for IC~4651, and 4.3 Gyr for M~67.

\section{Data analysis and results}

\label{CAda}

As an indicator of chromospheric activity we used $F^{\prime}_K$, i.e.
the energy flux of the Ca  {\sc II} K~line emitted per unit surface in
the  chromosphere.   It  is  common  practice  in  the  literature  to
normalise chromospheric  fluxes to bolometric emission and  to use the
logarithmic scale \citep{noyes}.  Hence we also used as a proxy of the
chromospheric activity:

$\log   R^{\prime}_K  =  \log   \left(   {F^{\prime}_K} / {\sigma
    T_{eff}^4} \right)$.

Normalisation of the  spectra was done as in  paper~1. From paper~1 we
also  took  1--{\AA}~K~index measurements  for  NGC~3680, IC~4651  and
M~67.  Index  measurements in Praesepe and Hyades  stars were slightly
revised  with respect  to the  values  published in  paper~1: the  new
indices are about 15 m{\AA} higher.  The stars in IC~4756 and NGC~5822
showed the  redshifted interstellar  K absorption line  which affected
the chromospheric K--line feature.  To measure the 1--{\AA}~K~index in
these  stars,   we  integrated  the   normalised  flux  only   in  the
uncontaminated  part  of  their   profile.   The  Praesepe  stars  are
unaffected by  IS absorption,  thus allowing us  to calculate  a ratio
between the flux measured over the 1--{\AA} and that measured over the
portion of  the feature which  is unaffected by interstellar  lines in
all  stars.  The  initial measures  for the  affected stars  were then
multiplied by this factor  to give a final corrected 1--{\AA}~K~index.
The errors  involved in the  measurement of the  1--{\AA}~K~index were
evaluated to  be within  6\%.  The 1--{\AA}~K~index  and chromospheric
activity  measurements, along  with stellar  parameters, are  given in
Table \ref{table1}.

In Figure \ref{figsp} we show  the average cluster spectra for IC~4756
and  NGC~5822 and,  for  comparison,  that of  Praesepe  and the  solar
one. The interstellar feature is apparent in IC~4756 and NGC~5822.

For  the  Sun,  we  used  the 1--{\AA}~K~index  measurements  made  by
\cite{wl81}.   They monitored  solar chromospheric  activity  from the
first minimum to the maximum of the 21$^{st}$ solar--activity cycle.

Subtraction of  the photospheric contribution  to the 1--{\AA}~K~index
was made  as follows.  For the  Sun, we adopted  the same photospheric
correction  as   in  paper~1,  computed   using  a  solar--photosphere
synthetic spectrum  (courtesy of P. Bonifacio).  For  the other stars,
the  photospheric  contribution  was  computed by  scaling  the  solar
photospheric  contribution by  a factor  that depends  on  the stellar
parameters.  These  scaling factors  were computed using  the spectral
synthesis code of MOOG \citep[][version 2002]{MOOG}, and Kurucz's grid
of  models  \citep{kur93}.   Stellar parameters,  namely  temperature,
gravity,   microturbulence   and    metallicity,   were   known   from
\cite{paulson}  for the  Hyades stars,and  from \cite{papoc1}  for the
remainder of  the old sample, and  from our chemical  analysis for the
new sample (Pace et al. 2009, in preparation).

In  order to transform  the 1--{\AA}~K~index,  which is  an equivalent
width, into an intrinsic flux , namely $F^{\prime}_K$, we proceeded as
in paper~1, except  that we did not use  published photometry, but we
transformed  stellar temperatures and  metallicities into  B-V colours
inverting  equation  1)  in  \cite{sergio}.  For the  Sun  we  adopted
B-V=0.65~mag \citep{lcbiaz}.  The  use of stellar temperatures instead
of published  colours avoids the  cluster--to--cluster bias introduced
by the error in the cluster reddening.

Because of the  way we measured the index in the  new sample of stars,
we preferred not to use a  triangular filter in the integration of the
index, as  done, for instance,  in \cite{pauls02}.  Owing also  to the
lack of  common standards, we  could not make our  $\log R^{\prime}_K$
coincident with the widely used chromospheric activity indicator $\log
R^\prime_{HK}$.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{2090fig1.ps}
\caption{The mean cluster Ca {\sc  II} K--line emission of IC~4756 and
  NGC~5822 is  compared with that of  Praesepe and with  the Sun.  All
  the  spectra are  normalised in  the same  way. Note  the  narrow IS
  absorption lines in the spectra of IC 4756 and NGC 5822.}
\label{figsp}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Discussion.}

In Fig.  \ref{fig}  we plot the temperature of  the stars versus their
chromospheric  activity.   This  is  done  using as  an  indicator  of
chromospheric  activity  both  $\log  R^{\prime}_K$ (left  panel)  and
$F^{\prime}_K$  (right panel).   The  data are  those  shown in  Table
\ref{table1}.   The   distribution  of  chromospheric   activities  is
markedly  bimodal: the  more active  stars  are those  in the  Hyades,
Praesepe, IC~4756, and NGC~5822, while the inactive stars are those in
IC~4651, NGC~3680, and M~67 and the Sun.  Within either group there is
little  difference  between  stars  belonging to  different  clusters,
although  any small  correlation with  age using  averages  within the
active  group would  be obscured  by  the cyclic  range in  individual
stars.  But the two groups are separated by a wide range of activities
in which only two stars lie.   This range coincides with what is known
as the Vaughan--Preston gap, an underpopulated chromospheric--activity
range identified by \cite{vpgap} using  a large sample of stars in the
solar neighbourhood.

\begin{figure*}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{cc}

\includegraphics[width=8cm]{2090fig2.ps}
&
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{2090fig3.ps}\\
\end{tabular}

\caption{Spectroscopic  temperature   versus  chromospheric  activity,
  using as a proxy  of chromospheric activity both $\log R^{\prime}_K$
  (left panel) and $F^{\prime}_K$ (right  panel). For the Sun, the bar
  corresponding to its  full variation during a cycle  is plotted. The
  typical  error bar shows  the typical  uncertainty ($\pm  1 \sigma$)
  evaluated from  the error analysis,  assuming an uncertainty  in the
  temperature of 110  K.  Had we just added the  counts to measure the
  1--{\AA}~K index in the new sample stars, which gives a secure lower
  limit  (see Sect.  \ref{CAda}),  we  would have  measured  in the  2
  NGC~5822 stars a value of $\log R^\prime_{K}$ lower by only 0.09 and
  0.07. The ages come from \cite{sal}. }

\label{fig}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

According to these ages and to  the data shown in Figure \ref{fig}, no
strong age--activity correlation appears  to exist after 0.7 Gyr, just
a rapid transition from active to inactive that occurs in a very short
time,  namely  200  Myr, between  the  age  of  NGC~5822 and  that  of
NGC~3680. With this data it seems unlikely that a strong age--activity
relationship could be masked by the  scantiness of the data, or by the
activity   variations.   Thus   we  can   confidently   conclude  that
chromospheric activity drops much  faster between the ages of NGC~5822
and NGC~3680  than it does  in the  half Gyr before  and in the  4 Gyr
after. We would expect most of the  stars in the gap to be young stars
in an inactive phase or old stars in an active phase rather than stars
at a certain age.  In our  sample we have one in either category.  Two
alternative explanations might be  considered.  Either our two targets
in  NGC~5822  were both  in  an  exceptionally  active phase  when  we
observed them, or the age difference between the oldest active and the
youngest  inactive  cluster  is  much  larger  than  that  claimed  by
\cite{sal}.  In  the former  case, NGC~5822 solar--type  members would
normally lie in  the middle of the Vaughan--Preston  gap. Owing to the
extremely small sample of stars at  this crucial age, it is well worth
follow-up spectroscopic  observations of  the two NGC~5822  members to
accurately measure their time--averaged chromospheric activity, and to
add to the sample single members in the interesting temperature range.
The possibility  that the age  of NGC~5822 has been  over-estimated by
\cite{sal} might be seriously considered because it was not determined
directly, but by means of a photospheric index calibrated for a sample
of 11  clusters.  But  in this case  its age  would need to  have been
overestimated by almost a factor of two.

According to  \cite{papoc1}, \cite{paulson} and  the chemical analysis
of  the present  sample  of  stars, the  metallicity  of the  clusters
studied ranges  from [Fe/H] = -0.04  dex in NGC~3680 to  [Fe/H] = 0.27
dex in  Praesepe.  Since  the 3 coeval  active clusters   have similar
levels   of   chromospheric    activity   despite   having   different
metallicities ([Fe/H]=0.01,  0.13 and 0.27 dex),  metallicity does not
appear to play a major role within the limited range of values spanned
by our clusters.

Chromospheric   activity   undergoes   large   variations   on   short
time--scales.  For  instance, the  chromospheric activity of  the Sun,
from the highest  activity peak to the Maunder  minimum, spans a range
that  goes from  the lower  boundary  of the  Vaughan--Preston gap  to
slightly above the  level of the most inactive stars  (only 8\% of the
solar neighbourhood  stars less active  than the lowest  solar value).
This   range,   according   to   the  current   calibration   of   the
age--versus-$\log R^\prime_{HK}$  relationship, corresponds to  an age
interval from 2.5  to 8 Gyr \citep{henry}. However,  members of binary
or multiple systems have a similar level of chromospheric activity. It
is  mainly  this circumstance  that  led  \cite{sod91}  to claim  that
chromospheric  activity   correlates  well  with  age   and  allows  a
calibration. In  the light of  the results presented here,  we suggest
alternative explanations should be sought.

Another calibration of the  chromospheric activity evolution with time
is that  of \cite{lach99}. From  Fig. 4 therein,  it can be  seen that
their result agrees with ours  as far as inactive stars are concerned,
i.e.  chromospheric activity does not  evolve after it has crossed the
Vaughan--Preston gap, at least until  the solar age.  As far as active
stars  older  than  the  Hyades  are  concerned,  there  are  4  to  6
data--points (for two  stars it is not possible to  say whether or not
they  are younger  than  the Hyades  and  therefore out  of the  range
considered  in  the  present  study).   For this  group,  the  Pearson
coefficient indicates a level of anticorrelation between age and $\log
R^\prime_{HK}$ that is insignificant (-0.27) or fair (-0.57), depending
on  how  many stars  we  consider. We  conclude  that  these data  are
compatible with the  conclusion that, within the age  range from 0.7
to  1.2  Gyr  and  from  1.4  Gyr  to  solar  age,  any  age--activity
relationship must be weaker than the short term variations.

From \cite{MH} it  is clear that the one open  cluster that supports a
strict monotonicity of the chromospheric activity time evolution (once
short--time  scale  variations are  smoothed  out)  in  the age  range
between  that  of  the  Hyades  and  that of  M~67  and  the  Sun,  is
NGC~752. This cluster, according to \cite{sal}, is older than NGC~5822
and  younger than NGC~3680,  i.e.  exactly  in the  range in  which we
expect the transition to occur.   Therefore, again, these data are not
incompatible with  the scenario we suggest, in  which the intermediate
chromospheric activity level of NGC~752 would be due to its age.

The two groups  of stars on opposite sides  of the Vaughan-Preston gap
differ not only in their chromospheric activity level, but also in its
trend  with  the  colour/temperature.   This  can be  seen  in  Figure
\ref{fig}, and  it is much  more evident when a  larger spectral--type
range  is considered  \citep[see  e.g.][]{MH}.  Furthermore,  temporal
variations  of  chromospheric activity  are  large  and irregular  for
active  stars  and  small  and  regular for  inactive  ones.   Several
attempts have  been made to  provide a physical explanation  for this,
for example  \cite{dmr81} proposed  a transition from  a complex  to a
simpler magnetic--field  morphology which occurs at the  time when the
rotation decreases enough to  reach a threshold value.  More recently,
\cite{barnes}  detected two  sequences  in the  period--versus--colour
diagram of  open clusters, and  he associated them with  two different
rotation  morphologies,  intertwined  with  stellar  magnetic  fields.
\cite{bv07} suggested a change of dynamo mechanism to explain the fact
that  stars   occupy  two  very  distinct  sequences   in  a  rotation
period--versus--cycle period diagram. The  kind of scenario in which a
transition of the nature of the dynamo takes place at a specific point
of  the  stellar lifetime  could  be  used  to explain  the  phenomena
reported and discussed by us.

\begin{acknowledgements}

  It  is a  pleasure to  thank Boris  Dintrans for   long  and useful
  discussions on  the dynamo effect.  We also thank  the referee
    for  useful   comments.   Data  collected  at   ESO,  VLT.   This
  publication  made use  of  data products  from  the WEBDA  database,
  created by  J.-C- Mermilliod and  now operated at the  institute for
  Astronomy  of the  University  of Vienna.   The SIMBAD  astronomical
  database and  the NASA's  Astrophysics Data System  Abstract Service
  have also  been extensively used.   G.  P., J.   M.  and N.   C.  S.
  acknowledge  the  support  of projects  PTDC/CTE-AST/65971/2006  and
  PTDC-CTE/AST-66181/2006  of the  Portuguese Funda\c  c\~{a}o  para a
  Ci\^{e}ncia e a Tecnologia.

\end{acknowledgements}

\bibliographystyle{aa}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv