We estimate a continuous-time model with dynamic crash probability using the S&P500 index options and high-frequency information. We find that market illiquidity is an important factor in explaining the time-varying stock market crash risk embedded in index options. While market illiquidity and return volatility play complementary roles in explaining the time-varying crash risk, the relative contribution of the volatility factor is weakened once we include market illiquidity as an economic variable. Examining the link between market illiquidity and option-implied crash risk, we find that the availability of arbitrage capital and adverse selection facing liquidity providers are economic driving forces.


This course will provide a pragmatic, hands-on introduction to OpenCV suitable for any engineers or scientists who work with images and/or videos and wish to add a variety of classical and state-of-the-art vision algorithms to their toolbox.
For more information on this short course, please contact Randy Roberts.
The venue used for the CASIS short course is owned by the Department of Energy and operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. We use this venue because it is free to us, and it allows us to keep the seminar free of registration fees. For most foreign nationals, access is granted to those with a passport or similar government-issued identification. However, our venue does not allow access to foreign nationals who are citizens of countries on the State Department's list of State Sponsors of Terrorism. We regret any inconvenience that this might cause, but we are required to follow the rules of our venue.
OpenCV (The Open Computer Vision Library) is an industrial-grade suite of over 2500 routines for vision, image processing, and machine learning. Its algorithms provide methods for tracking and identifying objects (including humans), image alignment/registration, tracking camera motion, 3D model reconstruction, imaged-based searching, and much more, with applications in manufacturing, scientific research, security, medicine and beyond. As implied by the name, it is open-source, and it is free to use for any purpose. Moreover, OpenCV is multiplatform, supporting Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Android, and iOS. Though it is natively in C++, robust interfaces have been developed for Python, Java, Matlab, and other common languages.
This course will provide a pragmatic, hands-on introduction to OpenCV suitable for any engineers or scientists who work with images and/or videos and wish to add a variety of classical and state-of-the-art vision algorithms to their toolbox. Topics will include but are not limited to: installation and getting started with OpenCV, essential Python and NumPy (used in the course), loading/filtering/displaying/saving images, GUI features, morphological operations, feature finding, image transforms/registration, video analysis and object tracking, and basic machine learning for handwritten digit recognition and human face detection.
Take Highway 580 towards Livermore from any of the surrounding areas.
Take the Greenville Avenue exit.
From I-580 EAST, turn left at the stop sign.
From I-580 West, stay to the right.
Turn right at Greenville Avenue.
Turn right at Eastgate Drive, at the Laboratory's east entrance.
Turn right into the Department of Applied Science parking lot, before the guard gate.
It is assumed that the participant will have essential programming skills in a general purpose or numerical language. Some experience with numerical arrays (preferably 2D arrays/images) will be expected. Python will be used in the course, but it is not necessary to know it beforehand. Matlab experience, for example, would be sufficient.


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WHY VISIT THE CASTEL SANT'ANGELO?
To get to Castel Sant'Angelo it is necessary to cross the Sant'Angelo Bridge, decorated with the statues of Bernini's angels, until reaching this fascinating museum. The rooms of the central body were destined to the popes and inside they contain the room of the chimney, the room of the justice, the room of Apollo, the rooms of Clement VII and the chapel of Leon X. Visiting its seven levels will allow you descend in the various historical periods that characterized the Castel Sant'Angelo, as well as its different uses until you reach one of the most beautiful views of the city of Rome, the Terrace of the Angel, from where you can admire the statue of the Archangel Michael that gave the name to the castle.
A LITTLE HISTORY OF CASTEL SANT'ANGELO
In 125, the emperor Hadrian was inspired by the Augustus' mausoleum to build his own. Castel Sant'Angelo was built by Hadrian right in front of Campo Marzio to which it was connected through Ponte Elio (Elio Bridge). The emperor Hadrian and the emperor Antoninus Pius were buried inside the mausoleum of Castel Sant'Angelo with their respective wives Vibia Sabina and Faustina Maggiore and their children.
In 403 the building was enclosed within the Aurelian Walls and it changed its use of mausoleum being destined to the defense of Rome. In the 6th century, its function changed again and became the state prison under Theodoric. Throughout the centuries, this imposing building was used by influential Roman families and members of the Church until 1367, when the keys of Castel Sant'Angelo were given to Pope Urban V. From this moment, the building was linked to the pontiffs who used it as a refuge, as court and prison. After the unification of Italy, the Castel Sant'Angelo, which had been used as a barracks, was transformed into a museum.
WHAT IS CASTEL SANT'ANGELO NOWADAYS?
Today, visiting Castel Sant'Angelo means seeing the different parts in which it is subdivided and the three architectural typologies that make it up. In the first levels, Castel Sant'Angelo is a mausoleum restored to the extent possible, as it should have been centuries ago. The fortification of the second level consists of the modifications made in 1900 and previously between the 4th and 15th centuries, in order to use the castle as a fort.
Currently it is possible to follow the walkway along the walls that bear the name of the four evangelists. Going up to the fourth level, it is possible to visit the courtyard and the chapel of Leo X, the rooms of Alexander VI and the Clemente VII stove. On the fifth level, however, it is possible to see the beautiful Renaissance apartments and in the sixth the library, the treasure room, the "Sala dei festoni", the "Adrianeo" room and the "Cagliostra". The seventh level has been used as an archive and from here it is possible to access the Terrace of the Angel, which offers a magnificent view of the city of Rome.
CURIOSITIES OF CASTEL SANT'ANGELO
Did you know that the name Castel Sant'Angelo was given to this mausoleum only in 590? This name is due to the fact that, during a terrible plague, a procession was organized in which Pope Gregory I participated, who had a vision of the archangel Michael just when the procession passed near the Mole Adriana. Shortly after the epidemic ceased and the vision was considered a divine sign. From that moment the Romans called the Mole Adriana Castel Sant'Angelo.
Did you know that among the prisoners of Castel Sant'Angelo was also the sculptor Benvenuto Cellini? However, he managed to escape from this prison during a party held at the castle. He arrived at the house of one of his friends, Cardinal Cornaro, but was captured again and locked in escape-proof cell where he remained for a year. Later he was pardoned and released by the Pope at the request of the King of France, supporter of the artist
HOW TO VISIT CASTEL SANT'ANGELO?
For those who wish to visit Castel Sant'Angelo with total freedom, avoiding waiting at the tickets office, it is possible to book the entry to the museum in advance by buying it online.
An interesting alternative to the simple entry is the guided group tour dedicated to the discovery of the most secret aspects and places of the museum. With this tour, you can visit places generally closed to visitors and go across the very special "Passetto di Borgo" (the secret passage that connects the museum to the Vatican Palaces).
If you prefer to have an exclusive guide for you, you can book a private tour and perhaps combine it with other important places in Rome, such as the Pantheon or Piazza San Pietro (St. Peter's Square).
Crossing the Sant'Angelo Bridge in the opposite direction of the castle, you will find yourself very close to the center of Rome. Following the Map of Rome you can visit the monuments of the eternal city. Passing through Navona Square, you will reach the Pantheon and, continuing towards the Colosseum, you will be able to admire the majestic Altar of the Fatherland and not far the Capitoline Museums and the Roman Forum. Once you get to the most famous Roman monument, the Colosseum, you can also visit the nearby Palatine Hill.
Another destination to visit during your stay in Rome is definitely the Vatican City. Inside you can admire the St. Peter's Basilica and the famous frescoes of the Sistine Chapel. You can also admire the works found in the Vatican Museums or visit the Vatican Gardens.
In the Villa Borghese Park is possible to visit the Borghese Gallery and if you prefer to admire the archaeological finds of ancient Rome, you can not miss the Thermae of Caracalla, the Tomb of Cecilia Metella and the Catacombs. If you prefer to stay with the atmosphere of the Imperial Rome, visit the Domus Aurea, the Ara Pacis or the circuit included in the Roman National Museum which is formed by four different venues, the Massimo Palace, the Baths of Diocletian, the Crypta Balbi and the Altemps Palace. All this and much more always following your map of Rome!
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Herbert's wife Adelaide Blackburn was the fifth child of Frances Hopkins Harnsberger and J. W . Blackburn. Their children were Richard Leonidas Snapp & Gladys Virginia Snapp.
Herbert lived in Hagerstown, Md. and is said to have been employeed as an express agent.


ThrowsAdd a tactile throw to your most comfortable chair and it can double up as a blanket when you snuggle up on cold winter evenings. 'Orcha Wool Throw', 150 x 145cm, £49 at Urbanara.
CandlesticksCandlelight imbues instant atmosphere - and antiquated-metal candlesticks will give a warm look even when the candles are unlit. This charming one costs £118, from Anthropologie.
Picture framesLetters and pictures in frames are a must for a cosy living space. Mix antique and new frames in varying sizes and styles. Early twentieth-century gilded brass leaf picture frame, £680 at Guinevere Antiques.
OttomansThese can be an integral decorative element. An upholstered version, such as this one from Robert Kime, can function as a footstool, table and extra seating. 'Stool Ottoman', 4.5 x 140 x 91cm, £3,445, can be upholstered in the Robert Kime fabric of your choice.
CushionsOne of the easiest ways to introduce cosiness and comfort to a room is by adding patterned cushions. 'Symi' cushion, 60 x 40cm, £200, from Soane.
CeramicsCeramics can add instant wells of pattern, colour and symmetry on mantelpieces or tables. These 'Coral Design Temple Jars' measure 49 x 24cm in diameter and cost £160 each from Ben Pentreath.
Taken from the November 2013 of House and Garden.
CollectionsGrouping objects or pictures creates a feeling of homeliness. These botanical decoupage plates by Bridie Hall could be hung tougher on a wall. They measure 23cm in diameter and cost £60 each.
In this scheme by designer Max Rollitt, 'Chateau' wallpaper from Lewis & Wood has been overlaid with an eclectic mix of pictures. Patterned walls give any living room a warm English country feel. Opt for large delicate floral prints on a neutral background for hanging art. Battened fabrics also work extremely well for instant cosiness.
The 'White Mungo Bull Terrier Lamp', by Abigail Ahern, adds a dash of kitsch. 34 x 20 x 30cm, £295, at Liberty.
The 'Lucca' table lamp from Paolo Moschino for Nicholas Haslam has a rotating shade that offers directional light. 53 x 11cm square, £315.
Vintage Tiffany lamps with stained-glass shades cast a warm glow. 194 x 61cm diameter, $125,000, from 1stdibs.
A slim floor lamp such as the 'Daphne 'from Porta Romana fits into the smallest of corners. 148.5 x 33cm diameter, £1,105.
'The room is naturally dark and is only ever used in the evenings,' says Paolo Moschino of the scheme in his country house. 'Therefore we went for darker, warmer colours, for which the point of inspiration was the nineteenth-century Bessarabian rug.' Elsewhere in the room, 'Napoli' sofas by Paolo Moschino for Nicholas Haslam are teamed with cushions in 'Rayure Broderie' and 'Hamot Rouge' by Madeleine Castaing for Edmond Petit.
Artists and old houses'The most successful way to decorate the walls of a Tudor or Jacobean house is with old portraits, combined with early-twentieth-century landscapes and still lifes. Look to the work of artists such as Henry Lamb, Augustus John or anyone from the Bloomsbury Group. Any sixteenth- or seventeenth-century interior will benefit from a dose of Charleston,' says art dealer Philip Mould.
There is a certain kind of cosiness, found in old houses and antique furniture, that feels peculiarly British. The sitting room of Duck End, art dealer Philip Mould's seventeenth-century house in Oxfordshire, is a lovely example of a room that retains its authenticity without looking like a relic.
'Never is my quiet sense of satisfaction greater than when I am sprawled in a deep sofa in a sitting room surrounded by books, magazines, a well-stocked drinks trolley, friends and conversation,' says Ben Pentreath. We couldn't agree more.
1 Oak and metal, 'Chariot' (natural oak), by GamFratesi for Casamania, 60 x 74 x 56cm, £2,001, at PuntoIT.
2 Walnut-veneer eucalyptus, 'Parker Mid-Century', 81 x 82 x 51cm, £329, at West Elm.
3 Walnut, 'Spritz', by Porada, 60 x 70 x 46cm, £1,695, at Harrods.
4 Steel and tempered-glass, 'Come As You Are', by Dante Goods & Bads, 85 x 75 x 35cm, £1,350, at Mint.
5 Steel and imbuia wood, 'JZ', by Jorge Zalszupin, 69 x 106 x 48cm, £5,900, at Espasso.
6 Metal and wicker with plywood wheels, 'Fantastic', by Carl Auböck, 58.5 x 64 x 45cm, £3,200, at Sigmar. Porcelain vase, 'Byrne', £30, at Habitat. Wool Berber rug, '1376', 169 x 262cm, £1,440, at Larusi.
So much of what we define as cosiness comes from a sense of being enveloped by the space. Creating warmth in a large space, therefore, can be a challenge. Kit Kemp suggests how to make even the grandest room feel homely.
Taking inspiration from the scheme in his own nineteenth-century home in Dorset, architectural designer Ben Pentreath gives advice on how to choose the right seating.
White living rooms can be cosy too. Use the design tips from this scheme for inspiration to create hygge in your living space, Nordic-style.
These natural fabrics and warm colours work with the fireplace to make the room a cosy space despite its white walls. The curtains are an off-white wool and linen French weave.
At the centre of the main house are the dining and drawing rooms, which are separated from the more contemplative end - with the study and main bedroom - by a flint grotto with mirrored ceiling. This is lit at night by fibre-optic lights embedded in the flints.
Minimalist, white interiors can still create a cosy space, as is the case in this converted chapel in Somerset, owned by artist Jonathan Delafield Cook and illustrator Laura Stoddart. A Moroccan rug and shaggy sheepskin beanbag add to the warmth of the living room area, which is open-plan through to the kitchen, playroom and staircase. The couple live here with their two children and a Bedlington terrier, Birdie, who has found a particularly comfy spot here.


text:
Design Wind Speed Estimation for Long Span Bridges in Korean Southern and Western Coasts
Dooyong Cho Department of Technology Education, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2020.3545
Keywords: basic wind speed, return period wind speed, least-squares method, RMS error method
Recently, many long-span cable supported bridges, including the cable stayed bridges and the suspension bridges, have already been constructed or are planned for construction. Because the meteorological values used to estimate the wind load for designing the long-span bridges were based on data from the 1960s through 1995 in Korea, it is necessary to reconsider the proper design wind load for long-span bridges. In this paper, the research area is confined to the southern and western coasts of Korea where many long-span bridges have been built. The method of moment and the least-squares method are used to estimate the expected wind speeds of a 100-year return period for girder bridges; Gumbel's distribution is used to estimate the expected wind speeds of a 200-year return period for long-span bridges. As the return period wind speed on the land surface is revised because of recent high-speed velocity, the revised return period wind speed is increased by 17%. The compatibility of return period wind speed is also evaluated using the RMS (root mean square) error method. This paper concludes that the least-squares method is more compatible than the method of moment for the case of the southern and western coasts of Korea.
Korean Highway Bridge Design Code Limit state design, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Korea, 2014.
Design Guidelines for Steel Cable-Supported Bridge, Korean Society of Civil Engineers, 2006.
R. Rahnavard, M. Taghikhajeh, A. Hassanipour, and N. Siahpolo, "Parametric study of seismic performance of steel bridges pier rehabilitated with composite connection," Journal of structure and construction engineering, vol. 10, pp. 98-113, 2017.
D. W. Kim and Y. C. Ha, "Estimation of wind speeds for return period in major cities reflecting the recent meteorological data," Journal of the Wind Engineering Institute of Korea, vol. 8, pp. 147-154, 2004.
V. L. Brano, A. Orioli, G. Ciulla and S. Culotta, "Quality of wind speed fitting distributions for the urban area of Palermo, Italy," Renewable Energy, vol. 36, pp. 1026-1039, March 2011.
O. A. Jaramillo and M. A. Borja, "Wind speed analysis in La Ventosa, Mexico: a bimodal probability distribution case," Renewable Energy, vol. 29, pp. 1613-1630, August 2004.
T. B. M. J. Ouarda, C. Charron, J. Y. Shin, P. R. Marpu, A. H. Al-Mandoos, M. H. Al-Tamimi, H. Ghedira and T. N. Al Hosary, "Probability distributions of wind speed in the UAE," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 93, pp. 414-434, 2015.
J. Zhou, E. Erdem, G. Li and J. Shi, "Comprehensive evaluation of wind seed distribution models: A case study for North Dakota sites," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 51, pp. 1449-1458, 2010.
O. Alavi, A. Sedaghat, and A. Mostafaeipour, "Sensitivity analysis of different wind speed distribution models with actual and truncated wind data: A case study for Kerman, Iran," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 20, pp. 51-61, 2016.
E. K. Akpinar, S. Akpinar, and N. Balpetek, "Statistical analysis of wind speed distribution of Turkey as regional," Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 35-55, 2018.
X. Qing, "Statistical analysis of wind energy characteristics in Santiago island, Cape Verde," Renewable Energy, vol. 115, pp. 448-461, 2018.
D. Cho, H. Jeong, and J. Choi, "A study of the bolt connection system for a concrete barrier of a modular bridge," International Journal of Engineering and Technolgy Innovation, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 107-117, April 2018.
M. E. Batts, L. R. Russell, and E. Simiu, "Hurricane wind speeds in the United States," ASCE Journal of Structural Division, vol. 106, pp. 2001-2016, 1980.
Annual Weather Report, Korean Meteorological Administration, 1971-2017.
Korean Building Code-Structural (KBC2005), Architectural Institute of Korea, Chapter 3, 2005.
Revised Standard Project Hurricane Criteria for the Atlantic and Gulf Coast, Memorandum HUR 7-120, Hydrometeorological Branch Office of Hydrology, NOAA, National Weather Service, USA, 1972.
E. Simiu, J. Bietry, and J. J. Filliben, "Sampling errors in the estimation of extreme wind," Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, vol. 104, pp. 491-501, 1978.
E. Simiu and R. H. Scalan, Wind effects on structures: fundamentals and applications to design, 3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons, 1996.
S. S. Park, "A study on wind loads for bridges," MA. dissertation, Dept. Civil Eng., Kyunghee Univ., Korea, 2004.
Dooyong Cho, "Design Wind Speed Estimation for Long Span Bridges in Korean Southern and Western Coasts", Int. j. eng. technol. innov., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 146-155, Apr. 2020.
Copyright (c) 2020 Dooyong Cho
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication. Authors can retain copyright in their articles with no restrictions. Also, author can post the final, peer-reviewed manuscript version (postprint) to any repository or website.
Since Jan. 01, 2019, IJETI will publish new articles with Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.
42nd percentile


Founded in 2013, ABSAM Health Research Centre (Ankara, Turkey) aims of adding years to life and life to years, and so contributing to community development through producing original, creative, useable and innovative knowledge based on R&D by carrying out consultancy, research, software, training and publishing activities in an integrated manner in all related areas of health, health care and health systems; particularly policy, management and economic dimensions.
Helping the development of health, health care and health policies and other related areas; and decision-making related to them through innovative research and analysis based on R&D, and so contributing to the evolution of innovative, interdisciplinary thinking and action in these areas is one of the main objectives of ABSAM.
ABSAM's main areas of work include consultancy, research, software, trainning and publishing in all related fields of health, health services and health systems; particularly policy, management and ecnomic dimensions; including European Union, health, health care, health policies, health tourism, health insurance, health financing, reimbursement methods, health workforce, health economics, health Technologies (pharmaceuticals, medical devices, health information technology), hospital management, health and community (health sociology), social policies, social security (social services, social aids, social insurances), health and social security reforms, economic evaluation techniques, cost analysis, health expenditures, risk analysis, utilization review, clinical research, feasibility and investment research, epidemiological research, performance evaluation and research, satisfaction research, costing studies, licencing, market research, market access, public health, acreditation and quality management, health workforce, health law, workplace safety and health, and other related areas.
The mission of ABSAM is to add years to life and life to years, and so to contribute to community development through producing original, creative, useable and innovative knowledge based on R&D by carrying out consultancy, research, software, training and publishing activities/services in an integrated manner in all related areas of health, health care and health systems; particularly policy, management and economic dimensions.
The vision of ABSAM is to become an international reference Centre in generating original, creative, useable and innovative knowledge based on R&D by carrying out consultancy, software, research, training and publishing activities/services in an integrated manner in all related areas of health, health care and health systems; particularly policy, management and economic dimensions.
ABSAM strive for adding years to life and life to years.
ABSAM performs its activities with the understanding of innovation based on R&D.
ABSAM undertakes its activities objectively, impartially and independently.
ABSAM acts according to rules of ethics in its activities.
ABSAM adopts the principles of honesty and reliability in its activities.
The biggest capital of ABSAM is the knowledge capital obtained on the basis of scientific ethics and culture.
ABSAM is customer-oriented, sensitive to customer expectations, and works for meeting the expectations of its customers in a best way.
ABSAM is accountable for the quality of its affairs and strives for the continous quality improvement.


The French band All My Memories already exists since 2011. One year after their formation they released their debut EP called Artefact. In 2013 Artefact was succeeded by All My Memories' debut full-length, Intitled Legacy. In 2016, the creating of All My Memories' second full-length got delayed due to several line-up changes. However, since June 2017 the line-up of All My Memories is stable: Loïc on vocals, Ramzy on drums, Florian on bass guitar and Clément and Nicolas on guitars. Due to this now stable line-up it was, again, time for All My Memories to work on Intitled Legacy's successor. Recently, this successor, called Umwelt, was released.
On Umwelt All My Memories delivers very heavy, modern-sounding metal, which is packed with variation and rhythm-changes. Take for example Behind The Wall, by the way also the track on which the only guest of this album can be heard: Anthony Doniak of Here Comes A New Challenger.
Speaking about variation, the above track isn't all of it. Regularly some electro influences can be heard on Umwelt. These for sure add an extra layer to All My Memories' music. Some might think that it's a bit too much, but in my opinion it fits very well. One example of this is Steeplechase.
In Steeplechase, All My Memories also shows a perfect balance between heavy and melody. Another example in which this is very clear is Burn The Heaven.
That I mention Burn The Heaven, Behind The Wall and Steeplechase is not exactly a coincidence, since those are my personal favorites on Umwelt. For me these three tracks are standing out from the others for a bit, but to be honest choosing was hard, since the entire album is very nice.
All My Memories also shows a phenomenal dose of power. This can be heard in the very intense drums, the tight riffing as well as the very low, intense grunts which sometimes almost go towards pigsqueals. The backing vocals are also adding something extra. Whether they are screams, shouts or sometimes even a bit poppy, it doesn't matter. Every time the style and moment is chosen wisely. This enormous dose of power can also be heard in how the band bursts into a track. Two examples of this are, of course after some seconds of introduction, Coward and the aforementioned Burn The Heaven.
With Umwelt All My Memories for sure delivers a very strong, enormously pounding album. This is for sure a band to keep track of. There is only one thing left to do for me and that is recommending you to listen to this great album called Umwelt.


Did you know that show chickens take baths? FWCD's 4-H students who have been raising chickens this year took to the tubs with their feathery friends to prepare for their big event of the year, the Tarrant County Junior Livestock Show, which began on March 1. View the videos on our Facebook page.
The students were set to perform in the inaugural FWCD Chicken Show on February 23, but the rainy weather prohibited this outdoor event. The thought behind this show was to give students a run-through before the big March 1 performance at 7 p.m.
Self-proclaimed "chicken ladies" Rachel Werner and Tyler Crumley have led the students in the Poultry Club this year and have had a blast learning about show chickens. They purchased chicks from Dallas in the fall. Each family involved kept their baby chicks at home for six weeks. After six weeks, 30 of the chicks were moved to the on-campus coop located near the baseball fields. Several families chose to keep their chickens at their homes. There are seven different varieties in the flock: Black Copper Marans, Blue Copper Marans, Blue Birchen Marans, Blue Marans, Wheaten Marans, Welsummers and Ameraucanas.
Students began handling the chicks immediately to forge relationships and create a comfort level between human and chick. These relationships and comfort levels are the most important aspect in the showmanship of the chicken. Showmanship requires specific ways to hold the bird and present it to the judge. But it's not just the birds that are on display in a competition: This is also a public speaking competition. Students show their poultry knowledge and judges pose questions regarding a student's knowledge of poultry husbandry and breeding.
Two days before a show, chickens must be bathed and groomed. All of the FWCD chickens enjoyed a (mostly) relaxing bath that requires multiple steps: The chickens are first soaked to really clean those feet and tail feathers, then they are moved to a new bin and thoroughly scrubbed, before they are moved to a clean water bin and rinsed. No blow dryers for these birds: After their baths, they are gently swaddled in towels to dry (sometimes called "chicken burritos"). The final steps in the process are a pedicure and a fluff. The chickens then enjoyed a two-day vacation in Plant Operations due to inclement weather and muddy conditions at the coop. Clean show chickens can't have a soggy coop!
Also checking on the chickens each day: the kindergarten students. They have been bringing food scraps from the Fischer Dining Pavilion to the coop following lunch each day and checking for eggs. On average, a chicken lays an egg once every 26 hours. The kindergarteners are using "Falcon Eggs" in the birthday treats they make.
The show was a success for the Poultry Club team, both fun and a learning experience. Lyle Crumley '25 won Junior Showmanship. "It was a huge class of 8-10 year olds, and she rocked it," Werner said.
Both Crumley and Werner are hopeful that even more students will join the Poultry Club next year. "It's been an eye-opening and fun year with these kids," they noted.


For the last week I have been emailing radio stations to see if I can get my book on the air, however, as yet no-one seems to be interested although it is early days. I know that the concept of the HPM and the other stories to follow will definitely appeal to both parents and children alike and eventually word will spread.
This is one of the problems with operating on a shoestring budget, it would be nice to tell the world on every commercial break that " The Hairy Plug Monster" is out on sale and is brilliant!!!! so buy it - and subsequently people do.
The reality is though, that the HPM is going to have to rely heavily on "word of mouth" and via the Internet which is going to take a long time. For anyone who has read the book, I would welcome your comments good or bad. Naturally I will publish the good ones on this blog - and keep the bad ones to ourselves ( but obviously take on board whatever is on your mind).
So that's basically it for this week, there is not really a lot to report to you, admittedly the HPM should already be out on sale, but as we have knit-picked over every detail (including a 4 week delay due to choosing the font) we are about 10 days behind schedule. The good thing is that once the book is out, it will be out forever.
Its time to start crossing fingers!!!


Complexities with congeniality are the artifacts found in this blended red wine. The strategy here is this wine's stylish, fruity ,smooth presence to provide tastes that amplify cheeses like Manchego,Romano, dry jack, Marisa, beef and pasta dishes, and Serrano ham among many others. This wine is also offered in a version that has been with oak.


text:
Showing articles about darksiders
12/11/2019 at 12:00 PM by Jason Love 0
Two by two, hands of... well, not really blue. Hands of guns and swords?
Darksiders: Genesis Stream Recap and Impressions
The Darksiders franchise got a new entry last week on the PC (console version is coming February 2020) with Darksiders: Genesis, an isometric, twin-stick shooter-ish, action/adventure game. While the gameplay has changed a bit from the previous third-person action titles, there's a lot that's familiar and the new format works. Best of all, you can play with a buddy online or on the couch!
10/22/2019 at 3:30 PM by Jason Love 0
The world turns on War and Strife, uh huh
Darksiders Genesis Release Date Revealed
The Horsemen will return this winter in Darksiders Genesis. The fourth game in the Darksiders franchise changes things up a little bit in two ways. First, rather than a third-person action game, Darksiders Genesis runs a little more in the top-down, twin-stick shooter vein, though it definitely still utilizes action game mechanics. Second, and more importantly, it supports two player co-op! Team up with a buddy and kick some demon butt as War and Strife.
7/27/2011 at 6:07 AM by Sam Tyler 3
The Darksiders franchise continues to be without co-op due to limitation in technology
Why is There No Co-Op in Darksiders 2?
I imagine that Death would have a solitary lifestyle when brandishing two massive scythes
3/12/2010 at 1:34 PM by Guest Author: 4
Beyond Co-Op Reviews - March 2010
It's our most action packed issue to date. While the co-op scene has been quite quiet this year so far, the single player scene is jam packed with goodness. We've got 8 reviews of the biggest games so far this year, and some from last!
2/18/2010 at 3:02 PM by Nick Puleo 6
SOCOM Fights Piracy and Used Game Sales On PSP
SOCOM Fireteam Bravo 3 was released this week on the PSP, complete with four player local and online co-op. But if you want access to any of the game's online modes, including the co-op and versus modes, you're going to have to jump through a few hoops to get it. Why? Sony says it's to combat piracy.
1/17/2010 at 12:22 PM by Nick Puleo 0
Vigil Reveals Remaining Horsemen from Co-Op Darksiders
Last year during our PAX 2009 coverage, we showed you Darksiders, a Zelda like game that was supposed to contain the four horsemen of the apocalypse. The original concept would have been cooperative, but early on in the development Vigil Entertainment decided to focus only on one of these characters and a single player experience.
9/10/2009 at 7:32 PM by Katrina Pawlowski 18
Darksiders PAX 2009 Show Floor Footage
Game Name: Darksiders Co-Op:No Publisher/Developer: Vigil, THQ Release Date: January 2010


Donors only BTS Photos This Friday!
Thank you donors! The support we've received is truly staggering.
This Friday I will release two behind-the-scenes photos taken by me, Jeremy David Bell, during our last three days of shooting.
They're a little spoilery, a little freaky, and a lot funny. You'll see Jesse Lee Keeter as you've never scene him before. You'll get a look at some kickass Bandersnatch Studios makeup. You'll shiver, you'll cry. It's gonna be sweet!
So, if you're already a donor thank you! If you're not, or know someone who's been meaning to donate, let them know this is the week to do so! The Donors Only update will go out this Friday, March 9th at noon (PST).


Alabama has 67 counties. Each county has its own elected legislative branch, usually called the County Commission, which usually also has executive authority in the county. Because of the restraints placed in the Alabama Constitution, all but seven counties (Jefferson, Lee, Mobile, Madison, Montgomery, Shelby, and Tuscaloosa) in the state have little to no home rule. Instead, most counties in the state must lobby the Local Legislation Committee of the state legislature to get simple local policies.


text:
Q: React CCSTransitionGroup animation not applying enter/leave classes I'm trying to write a simple page slider. Here, when I click a page, it creates a new Page with random content, and re-renders the App component. On App render(), instead of the TransitionGroup holding both state.pages until animation completes, it just switches out the pages, never attaching the enter-leave classes and not performing the css animation. I'm sure I'm messing something up in the LifeCycle, but can't think of it.
Thanks for looking!
var Page = React.createClass({
  handleClick: function(){
    var pgs = ['page-one','page-two','page-three','page-four']
    currentIdx = Math.floor(Math.random() * pgs.length);
    var pg = pgs[ currentIdx ];
    var newPg = <Page html={pg} title={'Title for ' + pg} />;
    React.renderComponent(<App newPage={newPg} />, document.body)
  },
  render: function(){
    return (
{this.props.html}
);
  }
})

var ReactCSSTransitionGroup = React.addons.CSSTransitionGroup;

var App = React.createClass({
  getInitialState: function() {
    return {pages: [<Page html="initial page" title="initial title" />]};
  },
  componentWillMount: function(){
    this.setState({pages: [this.props.newPage]})
  },
  componentWillReceiveProps: function(nextProps) {
      this.setState({pages: [nextProps.newPage]});
    },
  render: function() {
    var title = this.state.pages.length ? this.state.pages[ this.state.pages.length - 1 ].props.title : 'none';
    return (

        <TitleBar title={title} />
        <ReactCSSTransitionGroup transitionName="pg" id="transdiv" component={React.DOM.div}>
          {this.state.pages}
        </ReactCSSTransitionGroup>

    );
  }
});

A: The problem was that I was setting the Page keys in Page.render() (not shown above), and not in App.render() I'm not sure why you can't set keys in the child/owned component as long as they're unique, but this fixed my problem.
var App = React.createClass({

    // other methods are same

    render: function(){
        var title = 'Title';
        var pgs = this.state.pages.map(function(pg){

            // SET KEY HERE
            pg.props.key = pg.props.title;
            return pg;
        }
        return (

                <TitleBar title={title} />
                <ReactCSSTransitionGroup transitionName="pg" id="transdiv" component={React.DOM.div}>
                    {pgs}
                </ReactCSSTransitionGroup>

        );
    }
}

Also, if anyone can tell me the correct way to set props on unmounted components, please tell me. Setting them directly works, but it doesn't feel right.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home › magazine › product features › The robot evolution
The robot evolution
21st of January 2019
Too expensive, too limited and not fully autonomous – these were the general criticisms of contemporary robot cleaners when we last ran an ECJ Cleaning in the Digital World supplement two years ago. How far has this picture changed, asks Ann Laffeaty.
It was a little more than 20 years ago when the idea of an autonomous cleaning machine first gathered traction.
Electrolux introduced a robotic vacuum cleaner In 1996 with some success. However, early models had a tendency to collide with walls, stop short of objects and leave areas of the floor uncleaned. Then in 2002 came the iRobot Roomba which was capable of changing direction when encountering an obstacle and could also detect dirty spots on the floor.
The market began to expand and soon a wide range of autonomous vacuums, scrubbing machines and mopping systems began entering the market. July this year saw the launch of Singapore's first fully autonomous cleaning robot: the Scrub 50. This state-of-the-art model is equipped with laser detectors, cameras and sensors to prevent it from bumping into people and objects.
The Scrub 50 takes just 130 hours to complete tasks that would take a human cleaner 300 hours according to developers JTC, WIS Holdings and Gaussian Robotics. It can sense when its battery or water supply is running low and direct itself to a refilling and docking station.
And future models may be programmed to say 'excuse me' when moving into someone's path.
But this level of sophistication seemed a long way off when we last ran an ECJ Cleaning in the Digital World two years ago. Key industry players in September 2016 indicated that contemporary machines required significantly more development to make them truly viable.
Kärcher's opinion was that professional robot cleaners required around four times the investment of a comparable scrubber dryer, and that most machines were only really viable in large, unobstructed areas due to safety and autonomy concerns.
"This is not the case anymore," said the company's head of floorcare product management Marco Cardinale speaking this autumn. "At Kärcher we have focused on the challenges of smaller, congested and cluttered areas when developing our KIRA autonomous scrubber dryer platform. We believe ourselves to be the only company with a clear focus on this."
There has been a slight decrease in the cost of robot cleaner components since 2016 says Cardinale, while significant strides have been made in terms of autonomy. The company's KIRA B 50 scrubber dryer will work autonomously for an entire shift before approaching its docking station independently. Like the Scrub 50 it will also discharge the soiled water and clean its tank before filling up again and recharging its batteries.
"The key feature of this machine is that it calculates the remaining cleaning time and only charges the storage battery for as long as it needs to complete the task," said Cardinale. "The lithium-ion batteries have a memory effect which means partial charging will not have a negative impact on the batteries' capacities or service life.
Attractive price
"And our machine is priced attractively because the docking station allows the customer to use a small machine to cover big areas instead of buying an oversized, expensive machine."
In 2016 Kärcher claimed that a key challenge lay in the smart link-up of various technologies – and that this called for high performance software. The company is now making good progress with its software development, says Cardinale. "We are confident of launching a competitive and ready-to-market package in 2019," he said.
Safety and reliability remain the key challenges when developing cleaning robots, he says. "Existing solutions have limitations in certain environments which means that either the environment needs to be prepared or the robot needs to be adapted," he said.
"A further challenge lies in anchoring robotics within the larger context of digitalisation and understanding robotics as a part of building services. Digitalisation in cleaning means more than simply connecting machines via the Internet: it refers to the connectivity between processes and technology which is designed to make processes more efficient."
He feels the market will move further in this direction over the next two years. "Robotics and automated solutions are currently on the rise everywhere and the debate about the effects this will have on the human workforce is omnipresent," he said. "Studies predict a growth in the robotics market worldwide and statistics show an increasing acceptance.
"Collaborative robots are already here driven by the production and assembly industries. But there is a rise in customer demand for new solutions that reduce the total cost of cleaning which means that market volume will increase and people will see more cleaning robots than in the past."
The opinion of Diversey was similar to that of Kärcher in 2016: robots were unsuitable for use in heavily congested areas and their price needed to be balanced against the value they could create.
"Technology has made huge strides since 2016 due to smarter software and new sensor technology," says Diversey's marketing manager for TASKI machines and robotics Marcel Muller. "Meanwhile, an additional factor that has gained prominence is the total cost of ownership. Under this consideration robots still offer the most positive impact in large, open environments rather than in small, cluttered areas.
"However, the value that a robotic solution can unlock has dramatically increased compared to 2016. This is due to factors such as more advanced technology and a better understanding of how to integrate a robotic solution into a cleaning operation.
"And the clear trend of labour shortages - partly as a result of ageing populations - is driving forward the expansion of these robotic solutions."
Among Diversey's latest models is the new TASKI Swingobot 2000 which combines 2D Lidar sensor technology with the ability to clean large areas based on high water and battery autonomy. It is connected to the cloud for full visibility and remote updates.
In 2016 Diversey claimed that the chief role of robots was to complement the human workforce and provide an extra tool for cleaners. "When we look back on our original vision - that our autonomous solutions would be 100 per cent safe and work in collaboration with the human workforce - we now see that this vision has become a reality," he said. "Robot cleaners give the workforce more time for other tasks such as washroom and surface cleaning."
More demand
And he feels that the demand for robotic solutions will increase over the next two years. "At Diversey we are continuously improving our offering based on customer needs," said Muller. "It is always about 'the next thing' and our organisation is well prepared for the challenges of the future."
ICE concurs that cleaning robots were not suitable for every floor space two years ago. "However, today's robotic scrubber dryers can not only safely clean in open areas, but also in environments where people are constantly walking around - demonstrating total obstacle avoidance and safety," said marketing director Julie Kitchener.
"Costs are still typically higher than for traditional scrubber dryers, but automating cleaning is about offering flexibility along with cost savings and improved standards."
ICE has launched a new automatic machine – the Robo 3 – since our interview two years ago. "The Robo 3 has eight sonic bumper sensors plus a precise navigation system and flashing warning lights for enhanced operator safety," said Kitchener.
Mapping out a site would take around an hour with the company's previous model, the Robo 2. "The Robo 3 can chart a facility's cleaning zones in just one minute," she said. "It can also drive itself to the start point and clean multiple areas during one cleaning cycle."
She says the market has shifted significantly during the past two years. "We are now seeing a real cultural change and a wide interest in automation and all it brings," she said. "We know that the technology is available and is reliable, so it's simply a case of application and acceptance.
"For example, we are seeing an increasing appetite for climbing robots for window cleaning and for use on the external surfaces of high-rise buildings, providing a huge opportunity from a health and safety perspective. Any repetitive or dangerous tasks will be naturally taken care of by machines, leaving humans free to concentrate on the jobs that require leadership and decision-making."
According to Kitchener it is no secret that the cleaning industry has been slow to accept robotic solutions. "However, you only have to look at the difference between Interclean 2016 and 2018 to see how the industry is now getting behind robotic equipment," she said.
"Acceptance from cleaning staff can still be a challenge, but we have found this is not an issue once the machine is on site and staff understand how it can enhance their role."
So how will the market develop over the next two years? "Now that we can clean complex floor areas quickly and efficiently there's the issue of interaction and user interface to consider," she said. "The next step is to utilise computers to provide a huge amount of management information as part of the Internet of Things.
"The remote management of automated machines is already possible and an invaluable feature of automated cleaning. But this will inevitably evolve to provide an even deeper level of information."
Like other companies, services provider Atalian Servest believed cleaning robots to require a certain level of manual intervention when we spoke to them in 2016.
Some way to go
"They still have some distance to go in terms of advancement," says managing director cleaning Sean Fisher. "We are constantly monitoring the market and there has certainly been progress. But
the machines are still not hugely commercially viable and they still require a certain amount of manual intervention to operate effectively."
He says there is a market need for a small robotic floor scrubber for use in compact retail environments. "I am aware of at least one supplier who is building one as we speak, which is hugely exciting," he said. "We have seen a demand for this type of solution from forward-thinking businesses that are constantly looking for ways to offer more effective services and products.
"As a service provider we're keeping a close eye on what's available so that we can create the best offering for our customers."
Atalian Servest currently uses robotic solutions at some customer facilities including shops, smaller distribution centres, airports and healthcare environments. "We've had great feedback from the team and a positive response from customers," said Fisher.
However, it is not always easy to change clients' perceptions, he said. "For example, robotic solutions can be used when customers are on site - but the challenge lies in persuading them to accept this," he said. "A lot of our customers have tackled the issue head-on after careful conversations and planning."
He believes that robotics will have a significant place in tomorrow's cleaning world. "There will always be a certain requirement for cleaning teams on the ground, but data will be key," he said. "It's about tracking teams and harnessing the data to provide the best possible service."
• This article is part of the 2018 ECJ supplement Cleaning in the Digital World. Click here to read it.
8th of November 2018
Floor care - what's the problem?
23rd of May 2018
Smart laundry with Diversey IntelliLinen
The green gauge - sustainability
26th of February 2018
Diversey partners with university for..


What version of IE are you running, Ed? I can edit posts using IE8 on our Windows7 laptop. I think I read somewhere that there are big changes afoot in the HTML world which would not be compatible with older browsers. Microsoft are up to IE version 9 now.
I have several machines, one of which is running IE6 and that is the one with the problems. It is clearly a browser incompatibility problem, but it's irritating all the same.
Chrome is quite fast and is built to engage closely with Google (surprise). However it doesn't support hot keys very well, so need the mouse much more.


The George B. Dorr Museum of Natural History investigates, interprets, and displays the natural world of Maine.
The Dorr Museum features dioramas of coastal Maine wildlife and a tide pool tank that houses a variety of live sea stars, hermit crabs, snails and other marine creatures. Visitors of all ages can touch, smell, listen and create while learning about the natural history of Maine. All exhibits are designed and produced by students at College of the Atlantic.
The Museum is housed in the original headquarters of Acadia National Park, renovated and expanded to provide a unique site for exhibits, programs, and activities.
The gift shop offers a wonderful selection of books, gifts, and jewelry for children and adults related to the natural sciences.
The Island Explorer bus stops directly behind the museum daily throughout the summer. There is no parking on campus.
Museum staff and students lead a variety of programs and activities encouraging everyone to participate in natural history learning. Programs include: Museum tours, Whale Anatomy and Ecology, Nature Walks and Scavenger Hunts. For more information on school and community group programs, click here.
Contact the Museum for further information or to make arrangements for a visit.
Open Tuesdays through Saturdays from 10am - 5pm.
Entrance to the museum is by donation.
College of the Atlantic is half a mile north of downtown Bar Harbor on Route 3 (Eden Street). The Dorr Museum is the first building on the left from the main entrance.
Beginning in April 2019, there will be no parking available due to construction on campus. Please use the new multi-use path to walk or bike from town.
In the summer and fall you may take the free #2 Island Explorer Bus.


text:
Rutgers British Studies Center
History Courses
Polisci Courses
Nation & Empire
Nineteenth Century Group
British Studies Working Group
RBSC Blogs
Empires of Law in Colonial South Asia
Diasporic Intimacies: Reflections on The Black Atlantic in the Age of Black Lives Matter Symposium
By Dalia Griñan
PhD candidate, History, Rutgers University
On November 20, RBSC and the Slavery and Freedom Studies Working Group co-hosted a three-scholar panel, "The Black Atlantic in the Age of Black Lives Matters." To learn more about the work of the panelists visit their websites linked below.
Nathalie Batraville, Assistant Professor, Simone de Beauvoir Institute, Concordia University
https://concordia.academia.edu/NathalieBatraville
Christopher Freeburg, Professor and University Scholar, Department of English, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
https://experts.illinois.edu/en/persons/christopher-freeburg
https://www.amazon.com/author/ccfreeburg
Michael Birenbaum Quintero, Associate Professor of Musicology & Ethnomusicology, Boston University
https://www.bu.edu/cfa/profile/michael-birenbaum-quintero/
https://bu.academia.edu/MichaelBirenbaumQuintero
There is a current across some Black scholarship and activism that operates around the act of unsettling paradigms that are assumed to be fixed. In the global Black Lives Matter uprisings of 2020, the paradigms in question are the police (as enforcers of "safety") and the carceral state (as an appropriate vehicle of punishment and reform). In Paul Gilroy's The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness (1993), the paradigms are modernity and the nation-state as they are typically conceived. Through his critiques, Gilroy speculated on the counter-modernity of Black cultural production, the limits of racial or cultural "purity," and non-belonging—or elsewhere-belonging—of Black subjecthood. Employing the literal and metaphorical significance of ships, his book discussed the Atlantic as "a continent in negative" around which people, ideas, and expressive culture circulated as a result of transatlantic slavery and its legacy. Gilroy's ideas around diasporic intimacies have felt all the more tangible this year as we have witnessed not just massive movements of solidarity, but the parallel perils faced by Black people across nations. RBSC and the Slavery and Freedom Studies Working Group's co-hosted event, "The Black Atlantic in the Age of Black Lives Matter," invited scholars to link these historic intellectual and political developments. Reading Gilroy's writing alongside their own areas of scholarship, Nathalie Batraville, Michael Birenbaum Quintero, and Christopher Freeburg pulled ideas forward from The Black Atlantic into our contemporary moment.
Read more: Diasporic Intimacies: Reflections on The Black Atlantic in the Age of Black Lives Matter Symposium
Empire and its Affects: How Emotion Regulated Lawmaking in Colonial South Asia
Reflections on "Empires of Law in Colonial South Asia Workshop" hosted by the Rutgers British Studies Center, October 12, 2020
Nick Sprenger
Department of History Rutgers University
If there has ever been a time for academics to demonstrate that they do not exist in an ivory tower, to do more than assert the social value of their knowledge, it is now. After a summer of protests in the name of racial justice and social equality; after months of heated discourse about the dangers of a militarized police force; after a spate of racist tirades across the nation made so-called "Karens" into the new darling of the meme world, America seems to be at a moment of reckoning with the injustice and discrimination woven into its social fabric. In this context, many are asking: "How did this come about?" Academics are well situated to help provide answers. In this spirit, the Rutgers British Studies Center—with co-sponsorship from the South Asian Studies Program—hosted a recent workshop titled "Empires of Law in Colonial South Asia."
Read more: Empire and its Affects: How Emotion Regulated Lawmaking in Colonial South Asia
88 College Avenue


text:
require 'rubygems'
require 'bundler/setup'
require 'dm-core'
require 'dm-timestamps'
require 'dm-validations'
require 'dm-aggregates'
require 'dm-migrations'
require 'ostruct'
require 'yaml'

require 'sinatra' unless defined?(Sinatra)

Dir[File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/helpers/*.rb'].each do |file|
  require file
end

Dir[File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/models/*.rb'].each do |file|
  require file
end

DataMapper.finalize

Dir[File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/controllers/*.rb'].each do |file|
  require file
end

configure do
  SiteConfig = OpenStruct.new(
                 :title => 'Test web application',
                 :author => 'Rui Tang',
                 :url_base => 'http://localhost:4567/'
               )
  dbconf = YAML.load_file(File.dirname(__FILE__)+'/config/database.yaml')

  case dbconf['adapter']
    when 'sqlite3'
      DataMapper::setup(:default, "sqlite3://#{Dir.pwd}/db/application.db")
  end

end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Massachusetts: These magnifiers are not intended to be a substitute for corrective lenses; only a professional eye examination can determine your eye health status and vision needs.
Minnesota: If you have experienced a vision loss, the selection of these glasses should not take the place of an eye exam.
New York: Attention: ready-to-wear non-prescription glasses are not intended to replace prescribed corrective lenses or examinations by an eye care professional. Continuous eye check-ups are necessary to determine your eye health status and vision needs.
Rhode Island: These magnifiers are not intended to be a substitute for corrective lenses; only a professional eye examination can determine your eye health status and vision needs.


text:
Q: Storing FCM data to SQFLite I create a config where i can listen to background notification from firebase:
late DatabaseHandler dbHandler;

  Future<int> addNotif(String title, String desc, String time) async {
    Notif first = Notif(title: title, desc: desc, time: time);
    List<Notif> listbre = [first];
    return await dbHandler.insertNotif(listbre);
  }

  @override
  void initState() {
    getToken();
    dbHandler = DatabaseHandler();
    dbHandler.initializeDB().whenComplete(() async {
      FirebaseMessaging.onMessage.listen((RemoteMessage message) async {
        RemoteNotification? notification = message.notification;
        AndroidNotification? android = message.notification?.android;
        if (notification != null && android != null && !kIsWeb) {
          await addNotif(notification.title!, notification.body!, DateTime.now().toString());
          flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin.show(
            notification.hashCode,
            notification.title,
            notification.body,
            NotificationDetails(
              android: AndroidNotificationDetails(
                channel.id,
                channel.name,
                // TODO add a proper drawable resource to android, for now using
                //      one that already exists in example app.
                icon: 'launch_background',
              ),
            ),
          );
        }
      });

      FirebaseMessaging.onMessageOpenedApp.listen((RemoteMessage message) {
        print('A new onMessageOpenedApp event was published!');
        Navigator.pushNamed(
          context,
          '/message',
        );
      });
    });
    super.initState();
  }

storing its notification data using sqflite on firebase onmessage listen async function.
the problem is, when i sent a notification and checked its database, the data wasn't stored. i've already double checked the insert-to-database function and using dummy data to store data and it works.


text:
Q: Filtering on queryParams with Istio 1.1.6 As was pointed out here (Istio queryParams always returning truthy), matching on queryParams was only implemented in Istio 1.3. I am running a system that is currently locked to Istio 1.1.6 and have a use case where I need to be be able to match on query params. My question is, whether there is some workaround with which that can be achieved?

A: Unfortunately support for query param matching was added in v1.3 and there is no way to do this on 1.1.6. The solution here would be to upgrade your istio at least to 1.3 since version 1.1.6 seems to be a bit old.
Github pull ref: Add support for HTTP query param matching #13730


Sometimes the heat of the grill just isn't enough to keep all your guests warm, especially on cooler evenings. Maybe your al fresco dining doesn't even involve a grill, just an excuse to show off your new deck or pool?
Central heating for your garden isn't an option, so how are you going to keep everyone warm as those chilly nights draw in?
Fire pits have become increasingly popular across the USA, and people huddled around one in the backyard is now a common sight.
The American Society of Landscape Architects reports outdoor fire pits are the number one requested design feature today. They will add both ambiance and warmth to your outdoor gatherings.
Many states now have restrictions on wood-burning fires, so gas fire pits offer a viable alternative. Decorative logs, glass beads or rocks can be just as attractive, and the gas burner will be safer too – no sparks.
Join us as we take a look into the world of the best gas fire pits, and why you might want to add one to your autumn soirées.
In this article, we take a detailed look at what a gas fire pit is, the benefits of them compared to fires using other fuels, what to look for and what to avoid when shopping for one, and end with a list of our top choices for the best gas fire pit available today.
Benefits of Gas Over Wood Burning Fire Pits?
A gas fire pit is a decorative feature, traditionally found in your garden or backyard to provide warmth.
Although the word "pit" suggests a large hole in the ground, many modern gas fire pits are free-standing constructions. Some designs can be recessed into the ground, which provides protection from the flames.
Portable gas fire pits resemble the propane burners used at Thanksgiving for deep frying the turkey. A round metal construction uses a concave bowl or basket with a burner at the base connected by a hose to a propane tank.
Ideal for sitting around as a campfire, they are a common choice for the backyard being easy to move to where needed most.
Traditional gas fire pits will usually be made of either metal or stone. They can also take the form of a masonry feature or a table that you can sit around with guests. A chamber under the pit will normally house the propane tank, although many can be linked to a natural gas pipeline.
Gas fire pits offer the ultimate in convenience for homeowners. They are much quicker to light than wood fires and don't need constant refueling.
Quickstart ignition systems found on modern gas fire pits, ensure you can light them instantly. As quick as they are to start up, they can also turn off quickly, for safety and energy saving.
Gas fire pits are less messy to use, with no wood to be handled and no clearing up. If you're camping, you no longer have to waste time collecting firewood. At home, just make sure you have gas, either natural or liquid propane.
They also offer a safer heat form, with no unpredictable sparks. Therefore, they are ideal for use on the deck.
Furthermore, If you live in an area which prohibits the burning of wood, a gas fire pit is a simple solution. Both natural gas and liquid propane are clean-burning fuels, ideal for those with allergies or smoke sensitivities.
That clean-burning propane or natural gas can also be one of the biggest downfalls of a gas fire pit. If you choose a propane model, there's always the chance it could run out mid-party.
Also, with natural gas, once the line has been laid, you won't find it easy to move the fire pit. Gas lines can be expensive to install, so portability is limited compared to wood fired or coal options.
Many people would argue you lose the romance of a campfire when using gas instead of wood. You can, however, obtain decorative, often ceramic, logs, which add to the visual appeal. Other models may use rocks or colored glass pebbles for a decorative effect.
Finally, if cooking over your fire pit, you lose the depth of flavor that you get with wood or charcoal-burning pits. Nothing compares to that BBQ taste you only get with those grills. Most gas fire pits haven't been designed with cooking in mind, however, and you will probably need to buy a separate grate or rotisserie.
Not all gas fire pits are created equal. Design, build quality and features can vary greatly between different models. Her'es what you want to look for when choosing the best models to fit your needs.
Gas fire pits come in many shapes and sizes. The design and style can simply be a choice of elegance or function. If it's to be used in your backyard, will it also be pleasing to the eye, as well as an effective source of heat?
Semi-permanent gas fire pits will normally be made from metal or stone. Faux-brick or a wooden effect finish can be used to make the metal casings more attractive.
Those styled as a table look elegant and provide extra table space when entertaining. Plus, they keep the gas bottle hidden away and safe.
Portable propane gas fire pits are ideal for moving around your yard or patio, and can easily be taken on camping weekends. If you intend to use the fire pit on the go, ensure you choose one which is both compact and lightweight. Remember though that you will have to fit a gas propane tank in the trunk, too.
Gas is the safe choice over wood as a fuel, being less likely to result in a campsite or forest fire. Some campsites, however, may have a complete ban on all open fires. Check their regulations before you light anything up!
With the NFPA reporting over 3000 bush and grass fires caused by fire pits or outdoor fireplaces, you can understand why they're so cautious.
When you wander into a hardware store or search online for a gas fire pit, you will be bombarded with the number of BTUs each pit offers. The BTU, or British thermal unit, is a measurement of how much gas you use, but also usually means a higher heat output.
As a reference point, high-end grills will feature burners around the 25,000 BTU mark. For a gas fire pit, 40,000 BTUs or more is a good starting point. Gas fire pits need to heat a larger area, but you don't want to toast your guests.
If you are more familiar with kilowatts per hour as a heat measurement, you can convert BTUs by using the following conversion table and calculator.
The next thing to consider is how you want to ignite or turn on your gas fire pit. The ignition can affect both convenience and safety.
There are, in general, three different ignition systems to choose from. Let's take a look at each in turn.
The most basic form of ignition tends to be the old-fashioned match system, found on many of the less expensive burners.
A gas shut-off valve is manually controlled with a key, which allows gas to flow to the burner. You then manually light the burner with a match, or some form of oven lighter, simply turning off the valve when finished.
A more modern system is the spark, or piezo ignition system, similar to those found on many gas grills.
A small push button will send a manual spark to the surface of your burner, which ignites the gas.
Normally only found on high-end gas fire pits, an electronic ignition allows for an easy flick of a switch. Some can even be operated by remote control for convenience.
Many electric ignitions use battery power, eliminating the need for an external power source.
As fire pits have become more popular, unfortunately, so have the number of injuries caused by them. At least 5,300 injuries related to fire pits or other outdoor heaters were treated at emergency rooms across the US in 2017.
According to the Consumer Products Safety Commission, that's nearly three times the amount of reported injuries in 2008.
You should always check that your gas fire pit has been certified as safe by an independent product safety certification company, like Underwriters Laboratories. A "UL" listing can assure you that your equipment will withstand outdoor elements and other potential dangers.
Furthermore, the Canadian Standards Association and the American National Standards Institute have a harmonized standard, which fire pits must meet.
An emergency shut-off valve should always be found on the burner, or at least the hose going to the burner.
If the burner uses external propane tanks, ensure the hose is long enough for safe storage of the tank. If the fire pit is designed to be filled with decorative logs, ensure there is a mesh covering to prevent blocking the nozzles.
The size of the burner ring will determine what size propane tank you need. Many manufacturers will specify a standard 20-pound tank, with the largest compatible ring being 20 inches in diameter. Larger rings will need more gas supply, from a larger tank or natural gas.
If you want a flame that burns brighter and can be seen even in daylight, liquid propane is your best choice. There are none of the installation costs associated with natural gas, as you don't have to hire a certified gas installer. An LP tank also gives you more freedom to move the fire pit or table around with ease.
If your gas fire pit is going to be a year-round feature which stays out in your garden, look for long lasting materials. Stone can be very durable for the exterior, but a cover could help protect the burner and any other exterior metal parts. A good quality cover will also allow you to use the fire pit as a table when the fire is not lit.
Steel or stainless steel will tend to last longer and offer more protection from the elements. The interior section closest to the flame should be made of a good quality heat-resistant metal, like porcelain, aluminum or steel.
Most gas fire pits will come with a standard one-year parts and service warranty.
Providing it's been installed and used correctly, the manufacturer will service any faults under warranty. You can often contact the manufacturer directly to check if the burner unit has an extended warranty available.
It's no surprise that some gas fire pits can get very expensive. But there are plenty of smaller, more affordable models available, which still offer the convenience of gas. It just depends on what you are looking for.
Are you looking for something your family and friends can gather around at home? Or do you need a portable product for other outdoor adventures?
Portable fire pits will offer better value and more versatility. There's no stopping you from setting it up on your deck at home.
Models that use natural gas are usually more expensive, although many propane models can be converted. As you are less likely to be moving a natural gas fire pit, it may be worth spending that little extra for one that is more durable.
Installation of a gas line can also be expensive, although natural gas is likely to be much cheaper than propane refills in the long run.
Steer clear of cheaper products which use less robust materials, especially if it's to be left outdoors. At the very least, you will want a quality stainless steel burner which won't rust or corrode and become a danger.
Avoid burner units which don't feature a stable footing. Pets or children can often trip or knock over an unstable fire pit. If it's is going to be used on your new decking, or outdoors when camping, avoid those with metal legs that might conduct heat.
Following is a list we've compiled of some top contenders for the best gas fire pit available today.
We've made sure to include something for every need and budget, and go into detail on what we like about each unit, and who they are best suited to depending on needs and desires.
Having played around with chimeneas in the past, I was looking for something more compact. Something I could easily put in my trunk for a weekend fishing trip or late-night football game. A portable gas fire pit like this one from Heininger would be ideal. It's even pretty enough for my wife to allow it on the patio.
For something a little bit fancier than your average fire pit, the Heininger boasts a gorgeous copper/bronze color. The design features of this portable product would look just as good at home, on an elegant patio or deck.
Inside the box, you will find the Heininger 5995 fire bowl, a 10-foot propane hose, propane stabilizer ring and a set of decorative rocks. With everything except a tank in the box, it's ready to hook up to your nearest tank, for instant warmth.
At just 22 pounds in weight, the Heininger is very easy to pick up and carry to your campsite. With a 19-inch diameter bowl and standing just over a foot tall, it's easy to store or place in the trunk of your car.
The light weight makes it ideal for moving around your yard when the party moves away from the house. It's just as easy to carry in your arms for an impromptu party down the street.
This model from Heininger uses a manual ignition. You will need to carry a box of matches or lighter when using this fire pit. However, a gas regulator allows you to control the flow of gas easily, to avoid flare-ups as you ignite.
58,000 BTUs provides plenty of heat for keeping you nice and toasty. The smaller 19-inch diameter of the ring may, however, struggle to keep a whole patio of guests warm. You would probably need a few of these for that task.
A smokeless flame is ideal for those areas which forbid fires. This gas fire pit has even been designated as safe by RV campgrounds across the states. We really like the bright flame it burns with, as a warning to any kids or animals who may be nearby.
As a bonus, the pit's metal base ring won't get hot and scorch your garden or burn the patio. When turned off, you won't need to wait long before storing it away.
A 20-pound propane tank will last eight to 12 hours, depending on the flame setting you use.
Stunning bronze and copper design.
Compact enough to stow in your trunk.
Sturdy stand also doubles as a handle.
Metal base ring doesn't get hot.
The 10-foot hose allows propane tank to be tucked safely away.
Manual ignition can be a chore.
Some users report the flames don't burn as high as seen on pictures.
A tight-fitting lid for transportation costs extra.
Maybe you just want to sit outside with your loved one enjoying a chilled glass of wine. A fire pit like this Blue Rhino table is ideal for making sure the wine is the only thing that is chilled.
The Blue Rhino arrives requiring assembly. Although it may look like a big job, clear instructions are provided, along with all the tools and screws you will need. Essentially, you are only putting together the bottom stand, which generally takes less than an hour.
The top portion is made of one large slate piece, with the burner plate going in the middle. A gas hose is attached to the burner of the table and includes a dial, which you push to ignite the fire pit.
The bottom part of the table is made of steel, not stainless steel, with a slate top. Although it will hide and protect the propane tank, steel will rust, and the slate can wear down and break away. The included plastic cover should be put over the whole table unit if you plan on keeping it outside.
Square black steel fire bowl.
Solid steel panels that cover a 20-pound propane tank (not included).
Twelve pounds of fire glass included.
Table dimensions: 30 inches by 30 inches by 24 inches.
At 70 pounds, this table is not designed to be a portable fire pit. With a 20-pound propane tank inside, it will be even heavier, with no wheels on the unit for mobility.
Under the top burner plate, stowed away in the propane tank storage compartment, is a safety valve and piezo ignition.
Switching the fire pit on is as easy as just turning the dial and pressing in the dial to ignite. At least it should be – some owners have reported the piezo ignition sometimes fails to light and requires manual lighting with matches.
This product is more about the looks than the warmth it offers.
Although the blue glass gives a nice glow to the flames, it doesn't increase the heat offered. Only 30,000 BTUs may be enough to keep a couple of you warm but won't cover much of an area away from the table.
A safety valve ensures the user is in full control and offers protection in the event of a breakdown. The piezo ignition system can be safer when it's working correctly.
The under-table compartment will easily house one standard 20-pound propane tank.
Unit height of 24 inches is ideal to have a nice view of the table.
Blue fire glass beads produce smooth, beautiful flame accents.
Easy to operate, even if you have to light manually.
Ugly propane tank is completely hidden.
Included plastic waterproof cover protects from the elements.
Warmth doesn't have too much reach.
No cover for just the burner, which would enable use as a table.
Fall is a great time to go camping, the changing colors of nature can be quite striking. However, as many areas now have campfire bans, how are you meant to keep warm?
This compact fire bowl from Outland offers a safe to use, spark-free propane campfire, which is compact for easy transportation.
A complete fire pit comes in the box, including a locking lid and strap with a handle for easy transportation. The 19-inch bowl is made of a durable, high-quality steel with protective enamel finish for longevity. A superior stainless-steel burner and fasteners will provide some rust-proofing.
A 10-foot hose is fitted with a fully adjustable valve, and a chrome knob for altering the flame height. The fire bowl is CSA approved, for use with the 4.4-pound lava rock set, which is provided to enhance the flickering flame effect.
Dimensions: 19 inches by 19 inches by 11 inches.
Includes cover and carry kit.
Natural gas conversion kit (CSA approved) available.
At 24.5 pounds, this fire pit has been designed to be ultra-portable. The included handle uses fasteners that wrap around the entire thing for easier carrying. The locking lid ensures none of the lava rocks escape mid-trip.
It comes with a matchless, piezo twist-and-start ignition system. Once it has been lit, you can adjust how large or small you want the flames to be.
With 58,000 BTUs of heating power, the heat output of this fire pit is excellent, especially when you use it at the highest setting. You could quite easily feel the warmth from it when standing eight to 10 feet away.
To get even more people around the warmth, you could consider one with an even larger diameter. The Outland 883 Mega Outdoor Propane Gas Fire Pit features a 24-inch diameter bowl, with 75 percent more surface area. Another quality product from Outland, you could easily get another three or four people around the pit.
Like other portable fire pits we've looked at, the Outland 870 features a 10-foot hose as standard. Keeping your propane tank as far away as possible from the flames is one of the biggest safety precautions you can take. A natural gas conversion kit is available as an extra purchase, for safely connecting to a mains gas line.
The hose supplied as standard is designed to be used with a 20-pound propane tank.
Lightweight and portable, including a lid and carry kit.
Superior heat output and low height allow you to feel the heat more.
Quality steel construction with sleek black enamel finish.
Lava rocks enhance a flickering effect.
Easy to light manual ignition.
Enamel coating can chip easily.
Exposed steel could rust easily.
The Outland range of portable gas fire pits is a popular choice among the outdoor adventure community. However, that doesn't mean they are just limited to the campers among us, they give out enough heat for gatherings on your deck too.
It's not all about the camping, sometimes you just want a gas fire pit which fits the style of your backyard.
No fancy glass, no wooden aluminum effects, only a stone finish which blends perfectly on your patio. The Crawford gas fire pit from Christopher Knight Home furniture will look as if it has been built specifically for your home.
Supplied in just one piece, no assembly is required. The square base, which stores the propane tanks, has been constructed from blocks of bricks made with steel and magnesium oxide.
The top and bottom of this stylish pit have been streamlined with grey steel, for added elegance. At the middle of the pit is a burner, covered with lava rocks for added effect. A smart control panel lies on the exterior, underneath the top surface, with full instructions.
Included in the box is the gas fire pit construction, including hose and regulator attachments, and a waterproof table cover.
Dimensions: 32 inches by 32 inches by 24 inches.
Materials used: magnesium oxide and steel.
At 162 pounds, this isn't a gas fire pit you're going to be moving about too often.
One-year manufacturer's warranty included as standard.
A battery-operated, push button, electric ignition system is easy to use and reliable. Next to the ignition button, a large chrome-plated knob allows you to control the intensity of heat and size of the flame.
With 40,000 BTUs, this decorative fire pit table will definitely keep those seated around it warm.
At two feet high, the heat will dissipate in surrounding areas but won't be too far-reaching. You certainly won't heat the full patio area with only one of these attractive units.
Both the ignition and control valve are easy to reach, on the outside of the brick construction. It's much quicker than having to open a hidden door every time you need to alter the flame or heat setting.
Full printed instructions on the control plate, in English and French, ensure safe operation at all times.
The under burner storage compartment is a snug fit for a 20-pound propane tank.
Heat output of 40,000 BTUs.
Can run for up to 20 hours on a single propane tank.
Attractive design will enhance any traditional patio.
Easy to use, with full instructions on the side of the pit.
No windshield, with flames being easily pushed over.
Limited heating range, which only reaches smaller places.
Cover provided is for full construction – no table top cover for use as a table when unlit.
For that home-built look, this gas fire pit from Christopher Knight Home is ideal, and it comes already assembled. An intuitive design made from durable materials offers an excellent heating output for guests seated around it.
Packing a separate table and a gas fire pit into the back of your RV can be cumbersome, and that's where this 2-in-1 product may be ideal for those weekends away, and doesn't weigh too much either. A stylish coffee table by day, heat warming pit by night.
Provided unassembled, easy-to-follow instructions allow for simple construction. An access door enables the propane tank to be stowed away in the table. A burner pit is supplied with an attached hose and regulator. The included black fire glass provides a beautiful flame, with a glowing "bed of ashes" effect.
Also included in the box is a top piece which uses the same penny vein coated steel, to enable the product's use as a coffee table. The small rectangular footprint is ideal for placing alongside a sofa.
Overall dimensions: 40 inches by 19.5 inches by 24 inches.
Powder coated steel with penny vein finished top.
At nearly 70 pounds, this isn't a "pick up and go" portable gas fire pit.
Although, it's not too heavy or large to put in the back of your truck for a camping weekend or store in the RV. Welded metal legs, rather than wheels on the base can make it harder to move around.
A matchless, push-and-turn piezo ignition is easy and safe to use.
40,000 BTUs will easily keep guests warm when sat around the table.
The matchless ignition and safety shut-off valve ensure the fire pit is both practical and easy to use. Legs on the base of the unit make the table safe to use on wooden deckings or grass.
The compartment under the table provides ample storage for a 20-pound propane tank. Camp Chef can also supply as, or convert this table to, a natural gas model at their warehouse.
Wooden style finish makes an attractive centerpiece.
Ideal size for placing in front of an outdoor sofa.
Table insert allows it to be used as a table, and offers space for drinks when unlit.
Easy to light matchless ignition, with fully adjustable heat control knob.
Table insert cover isn't waterproof, so definitely invest in a cover if the feature is to be left outside.
Lightweight metal used can dent easily.
Not easily moved, with legs instead of wheels.
A small and compact design, the Camp Chef Monterey can be used either on your patio or that next weekend camping trip. The versatility offered by the table insert which covers the fire pit means you are getting a beautiful piece of outdoor furniture too.
Click here to find out more about this slimline and compact product.
Finding something that matches your patio can often be hard. The antique bronze finish of this gas fire pit table will look elegant on almost any outdoor deck or patio. A matching table top cover turns it into an attractive table when not being used as a heat source.
New and improved "ISTA 3A certified packaging" ensures this kit arrives in a safe and secure delivery. Assembly takes about one hour, with all tools provided, although a socket set could speed things up. A 30-inch table top attaches to a sturdy base unit, all made with an elegant bronze-colored steel.
Easy access doors open to a compartment which stores a standard propane tank and the integrated piezo ignition system, with an adjustable flame control knob. Also included in the box are clear chunks of fire glass, to cover the burner. A provided cover features the same bronze-styled steel.
38-inch square table top, 28 inches tall.
Antique bronze effect steel construction.
Thermocouple flame failure device fitted.
Includes matching steel cover for use as a table.
At over 100 pounds, this fire pit table is designed as a semi-permanent feature. A lack of wheels makes it hard to move when the propane tank is stored in the under-counter compartment.
A battery-operated pulse ignition system is easy to use.
40,000 BTUs of heat are delivered to a 15-foot diameter.
CSA approved, the burner features a thermocouple failure device for maximum safety.
Space is provided for a 20-pound tank of liquid propane.
Easy access door for stowing propane tank.
Insert table top cover included.
Not all-weather or stain resistant.
No stand cover provided, so steel may rust quickly.
This outdoor propane fire pit features a bronze finish which can complement any outdoor patio furniture. The matching cover enables the use of an elegant table in the warmer summer months, or a fire pit when fall arrives. Added clear fire glass ensures it looks warm too.
Sometimes it seems like there is an endless choice for high-end gas fire pit tables to keep you warm on the patio. Unfortunately, many of them come at a high-end price too. This outdoors propane fire pit offers a tasteful alternative at a budget price.
The Bali Outdoors gas fire pit arrives securely packaged in the box, with full detailed assembly instructions. Easy to assemble, it comes with all the tools and parts you need to get it up and running. The box also includes a set of lava rocks, giving a more elegant look and a great heat insulator.
It features a modern look with a matte black finished steel construction. Distressed edges offer a rustic look, with a spacious cabinet that will hold the propane tank and other accessories. Unfortunately, no cover is provided as standard.
25 inches tall, with a 28-inch wide square gas fire pit table top.
All steel construction, stainless steel burner.
At 70 pounds, this table style fire pit is not designed as a portable unit. With no wheels, moving it can be difficult, especially when it contains the propane tank.
A hidden control panel features a battery-operated electronic ignition and a safety valve for easy lighting.
50,000 BTUs provide more heat than many similar gas fire pit tables with lower rated burners.
The lava rocks act as insulation and can help maintain the heat at lower settings, for more efficient gas consumption. You could add fire glass for extra ambiance, which also helps reflect the heat.
With the tank tucked away in the spacious cabinet below, there's less chance of anyone tripping over the hose. Although, if you have younger children the flame has no protection features, with the table at a potentially dangerous height for kids.
The compartment has enough space for a 20-pound propane tank, while still allowing plenty of airflow. You could even fit a spare tank in the compartment, too.
Hidden control panel improves aesthetics but is easy to reach.
Electronic ignition and safety valve.
Powerful 50,000 BTU stainless steel burners.
Lava rocks add flame effect and heat insulation.
Tabletop cover insert must be purchased as extra.
No protection from flames for younger children.
Steel will rust if left uncovered in the elements.
For the more modern backyard, this contemporary gas fire pit can add ambiance and warmth to any gathering. A smaller pit opening on the top of the square table top allows for higher flames.
How Long Does a Gas Fire Pit Last?
Most gas fire pits which use a standard 20-pound propane tank will give up to 12 hours of warmth. Obviously, the higher the BTUs of the burner, the more gas it will consume.
Using your burner at the highest flame setting will also reduce the runtime, with some 50,000+ BTU burners only lasting four hours at higher settings.
How Many Btus do I Need for a Gas Fire Pit?
More BTUs naturally means more heating power. But how many BTUs you actually need depends on both the size of your burner and the type of gas used.
A burner up to 20 inches in diameter should offer enough warmth to an area with 40,000 BTUs or more. Many of the portable gas fire pits use up to 60,000 BTU for a powerful heat. Any less than 40,000 BTUs mean you are basically investing in something more for decoration than heating purposes.
Do I Need a Regulator for a Natural Gas Fire Pit?
If a natural gas line runs to your fire pit, it will need to be appropriately regulated to supply the burner. How it is regulated will be up to the certified gas fitter you need to employ for the installation.
It's essential you work with a gas professional who can install a regulator based on all the variables. You may hear an annoying whistling sound if the supply is not regulated correctly, but more importantly too much pressure can be a major fire risk.
A professional repair website further explains why you may need a regulator on a gas fire pit here. They refer to a natural gas grill, but the principles are the same for all natural gas outdoor appliances.
Will Pea Gravel Explode in a Fire Pit?
Many types of rock have the potential to explode, especially if they are porous or wet. Water and trapped air in a rock will turn into steam when placed near a fire, and the pressure may cause them to explode. Most experts would agree that you shouldn't use porous rocks, like pea gravel, in your fire pit.
If you're looking for an alternative filler material, hard rocks, like granite, slate or marble, are better choices. They are much denser, and less likely to absorb water and break apart or explode.
Flagstone and crushed stone are less expensive materials for your pit, and won't retain moisture, unlike pea gravel.
Can I Put Fire Glass Over Lava Rock?
Lava rocks are generally much cheaper than fire glass. For deeper gas fire pits or fire bowls, there is no need to use fire glass in the part below the burner.
Putting a layer of large lava rocks at the base of your bowl can insulate much of the warmth of the burner. Smaller lava rocks should be placed on the top lava layer to prevent fire glass from slipping through larger spaces between the rocks. Don't, however, try adding extra ventilation holes to the fire bowl, as this can be a fire risk.
How do You Increase the Flame of a Gas Fire Pit?
Many gas fire pits will come with a built-in dial which controls the height of the flames. Another way to increase the flames is to provide a better airflow. Make sure there is adequate space between decorative logs, lava rocks or fire glass beads.
Can Gas Fire Pits Run Continuously?
If you want an eternal flame in your backyard, you're going to need a gas fire pit which runs on natural gas. For all-night parties or longer cold days, they can provide continuous warmth.
From a safety point of view, you should never leave a gas fire pit burning when unattended. Although there is little chance of the fire overheating, the naked flames can be a safety hazard. Young children or family pets should never be left unsupervised near one, or any source of naked flame.


Each unit contains a fitting kit containing the feet / plinth clips and shelf studs. Take the feet out and keep the rest of the kit for later use. Once you have your feet you need to tip the unit onto its back to access the foot sockets. Simply insert the feet by tapping them in with your hand or a mallet. The feet are fully adjustable and can be raised or lowered as required.


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Malaysia, Japan Cooperate on Aquaculture Techniques
Education & academia Technology & equipment Sustainability Environment
3 March 2016, at 12:00am
MALAYSIA - The Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) and Kinki University, Japan have signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) to establish UMS-Kinki University Aquaculture Development Centre in Malaysia for the joint development of fish farming techniques.
The centre will house the Southeast Asia Centre of Kinki University Fish Nursery Centre, which is the first overseas operation of the university's fisheries laboratory, reports the BorneoPost.
Following the signing of the MoA, the centre will conduct research of seedling production and quality improvement of humphead wrasse (Napoleon fish), grouper and catfish. The centre will also pursue fry production of the Southeast Asian eel in the future.
Deputy secretary general of the Ministry of Higher Education, Datuk Nik Ali bin Mat Yunis, hoped that the bilateral research and development (R&D) strategic cooperation in the field of aquaculture between UMS and Kinki University through the establishment of this centre would provide a strong foundation for the future development of aquaculture industry of both countries.
He believed that the establishment of the UMS-Kinki University Aquaculture Development Centre would serve several objectives, including strengthening R&D of both universities as well as facilitating access to know how and sharing expertise.
In addition, he said the centre would prioritize specific areas of projects aimed at tackling major challenges to maximize the socio economic impacts and help policy makers in various agencies in reformulating their priority by strategically focusing on a research and innovation driven economy.
"As such, greater collaboration on aquaculture R&D, exchange of technical know-how and sharing of information between UMS and Kinki University are in tandem with the current objective of Malaysian higher education policy to promote innovation ecosystem and global prominence," Nik Ali said when officiating at the event at the fish hatchery at Borneo Marine Research Institute (BMRI), UMS, here yesterday.
Nik Ali said the aquaculture industry was relatively important to domestic, regional and international economic activities as it was closely related to the source of food and high quality protein.
"To ensure orderly and sustainable development of the industry, aquaculture scientists and industry players must work together in formulating the best strategic direction not only in R&D activities but also in the area of marketing and supply chain management network," he said.
Dr Hitoshi is confident that the signing of the agreement would help strengthen the university's long-standing cooperative relationship with UMS.
"I have high hopes for the development of aquaculture technology and the educational collaboration of both our faculties, and hope that fish cultivation can contribute to solving the anticipated food shortage crisis caused by global human population growth.
"In particular, we plan to start research on the seedling production and quality improvement of Napoleon fish, grouper and African catfish, which all have high demand in Southeast Asia.
"In the future, we will attempt to develop full-cycle aquaculture technology for production of eels in Southeast Asia," he said.
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