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Top 10 National Parks in India for Wildlife Enthusiasts
Vibha Sharma November 28, 2017
India is blessed with an abundance of forests and green cover. With the cities expanding over the years and population of animals deteriorating, steps were taken to create safe havens for them. Several such places have opened up all across the country and are called National Parks.
Exploring these wonderful natural surroundings gives you a feeling of prehistoric times when urban development and modernization were not present and life existed in jungles. India has many national parks, and some of the most famous parks attract tourists from all over the world for their flora and fauna. Here, we've listed them down so that you can start planning your trip as well!
1. Bandhavgarh National Park
Located in Madhya Pradesh, this national park is famous for the Royal Bengal Tiger, and that is reason enough to go here. The star attractions are the leopards who roam around freely here. Apart from these, there are about 40 species of mammals and more than 250 species of birds, which make it a paradise for every nature lover.
2. Jim Corbett National Park
In the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand lies this vast national park named after the famed tiger hunter, Jim Corbett. From striped tigers to elephants, you can see thousands of animals' prying eyes at you when passing through here. With an area of over 1300 sq. km., you can expect to get lost easily in the wild here and get mystified by it too!
3. Ranthambhore National Park
If you're looking to spot tigers in Rajasthan, there's no better place than here. With more than 1300 sq. km. of open jungle with the 10 th century Ranthambhore Fort at its heart, you can be prepared to get awed by the sheer vastness of this park. Bird lovers are in for a treat here, with more than 300 species residing in the forest. You can take a ride through the forest in jeeps and open-top canters to explore the region.
4. Sundarbans National Park
Located in West Bengal and home to the Royal Bengal Tiger, Sundarbans is the largest mangrove sanctuary in the world. It is also the world's largest river delta and you can spot spying eyes through the thickets here with tigers lurking around every corner. You could also spot many birds and spotted deer as well!
5. Periyar National Park
Located in Kerala, this national park is situated at the base of the picturesque Western Ghats and is known for its serene lakes. Thousands of photography lovers come here every year to photograph this landscape with the friendly giants – elephants. You can also find wild pigs, barking deer and sambar here.
6. Kaziranga National Park
Known for the one-horned rhinoceros, this park is located on the banks of Brahmaputra River in the northern Indian state of Assam. Bird lovers will be thrilled by the sounds of thousands of birds chirping around the forest, especially in winter when migratory birds arrive.
7. Gir National Park
Located in Gujarat, this national park is known for majestic Asiatic lions and is one of the only places on Earth where you can find them. Traversing through the thick forests here makes it a perfect place to spot animals like nilgai, antelope and spotted deer.
8. Kanha National Park
One of the most famous forests in central India, Kanha National Park is popular for wild tigers and gives you an amazing safari experience where you can roam around in the forests at will. This is the place to head to if you want an authentic jungle life experience.
9. Bandipur National Park
Located in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, this is one of the most famous reserves in south India. With more than 880 sq. km of green cover, this forest even managed to grab the eyeballs of the Mysore Maharaja, who used it as a game reserve. You can spot tigers, elephants, gaurs, sloth bears and langurs among the hundreds of species that reside here.
10. Mudumalai National Park
Located in the southern state of Tamil Nadu, this national park is known for its beauty. It also has the highest tiger density in the country with about 50 of them roaming around the area. You will also be able to spot peacocks, wild boars, langurs and wild elephants.
If you've ever visited any of the above places, do let us know your forest experience in the comments below. If you haven't done so, start packing your bags already!
Image Credit: Travel Pax Holidays, Corbett National Park, IndianHoliday, CrossIndia, Kaziranga National Park, Gujarat Forest Department, Wikipedia, OutGo Trip, Make My Hangout
indianational parknaturetravel
Vibha Sharma
Vibha loves to explore food and places as she is a food and travel enthusiast. She believes that travel is all about immersing in new cultural and food experiences. She has an avid interest in writing and loves to write about food, travel, digital marketing, and other attractive topics. She writes with the purpose of sharing valuable information with her audience. Her blogs/articles exclusively reveal about the reviews of the places, restaurants and the food.
View all posts by Vibha Sharma
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Kedarnath Bhattacharya (born 23 September 1957), better known as Kumar Sanu, is an Indian playback singer who mainly sings for Hindi and Bengali films, and is popular for rendering his voice in Bollywood movies of the 1990s and early 2000s. He was awarded the Filmfare Best Male Playback Singer Award for five consecutive years. In 2009, the Government of India awarded him the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honour, in recognition of his achievements.Sanu notably holds the Guinness World Record for most songs recorded by a singer in 24 hours with 28.
Sanu's father, Pashupati Bhattacharya, was a vocalist and composer. The two and Sanu's elder sister lived in the Sinthee area of Calcutta (now Kolkata) near Biswanath Park. Bhattacharya trained under renowned musicians of the region, Jiban Upadhyay and Bishodeb Chattopadhyay, the former of the Badal Khan and Jamruddin gharana. Classically trained, he sang for the Dhaka radio alongside Jagan Mitra and Sudhirlal Chakrabarty. Sanu said of him, "He was a master of thumri, khayal and bhajans. Only my elder sister Jayshree Mukherjee, was trained by him. The rest of us would listen to him entranced and we learnt a lot from that."
Celebrity DETAILS
Name : Kumar Sanu
Profile : Playback Singer
DOB : 23 September 1957
Born Place : Kalkata West Bengal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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"I'll Be Dead Before You Break My Heart"
Posted on April 21, 2021 January 11, 2023 by Cantara Christopher
Maria Ewing (1950-2022) Gives Richard Strauss's Salome the Full Monty and Sings "Bali Ha'i" Exotically with The JWO, Just for My Beloved English Conductor, John Wilson
There are 3 naked ladies in this blog. This is one of them.
"I'm not given to displays of emotion, but when Maria and I met up again [to record the R+H album] we had tears in our eyes. She's so exotic!" enthused my bonny conductor about this Detroit-born soprano. "I love her—as a person!" Yes, John. I'd love to hear more.
https://simonawing.files.wordpress.com/2021/04/bali-hai-maria-ewing-jwo.mp3 Above proudly nude Salome in the 1991 Covent Garden production of Richard Strauss's 1905 opera directed by Ewing's husband at the time, Sir Peter Hall: "Bali Ha'i" sung by soprano Maria Ewing in the compilation Rodgers & Hammerstein At the Movies, with The John Wilson Orchestra, conducted by John Wilson (Warners, 2011).
About the DVD recording of Salome, says Toronto blogger John Gilks in Opera Ramblings: "The production is really pretty conventional… Almost all the visual interest revolves around Ewing's Salome though Michael Devlin's scantily clad and palely made up Jochanaan is quite arresting too. Narraboth (Robin Legate) is an unremarkable actor and Herod (Kenneth Riegel) and Herodias (Gillian Knight) look uncomfortably like a couple of drag queens… The recording, directed by Derek Bailey, is about what one would expect from a 1992 BBC TV broadcast… This is probably worth having a look at as a record of an iconic performance by Ewing but I can't imagine anyone would choose it as the definitive Salome."
Here's another exotic nude, just for my beloved John Wilson.
And the third and best, which you can find in the posting, "Cantara Christopher in Sadie (Bob Chinn director, Mitam Productions, 1980) as Indexed in the Database of the British Film Institute; and 'Pictures of Lily' by Pete Townshend".
"The Story So Far, with Conductor John Wilson"
"The Story So Far; Or, Conductor John Wilson—His Limits"
Follow me on DEVIANTART for my erotic stories and pictures (free)
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Tagged Literature High & Low, My Beloved John Wilson, Opera, Sopranos, The John Wilson Orchestra
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The following is a guest post about organizing a home office to work for you and your family from regular contributor, Morgan from Morganize with Me.
One of my goals is to make each of our rooms in our home serve at least one function and/or purpose. So, when we finished our basement last year, it meant that our main floor front room needed a new "room assignment." With the addition of our new basement, we transferred our TV room downstairs. In other words, we can now send the kids downstairs and they can take their energy and enthusiasm down there with them!
As we considered what to do with the front room, we knew we wanted it to be somewhat of an office. And per the builder's plans, the design and intent for this room is geared to be an office space. I do some of my work from home and my husband also works at home from time to time. We decided to turn it into what we call a "Flexi-Office." Flexible in the sense that we can do office work in there, yes, but it is also able to flex for other needs as well.
Instead of opting for a traditional desk and bookcase, we chose to buy a higher table with four chairs. (It's actually meant to be a dining table.) This set up provides us with plenty of space for work projects or it can also be used as an overflow table for game nights or a dinner table for four. We purchased the side console as well which gives us the perfect spot for storing all of our office things.
The center sliding doors open to reveal the printer (isn't that sneaky) and my notebooks and file trays. I use individual notebooks assigned for each of my work/home categories. This way when I'm working on something, rather at home or away, everything I need is in one spot!
I also added some little touches of Rae Dunn (love her stuff!) and I'm slowing working to do some more decorating. The organizing is all in place and now it's time to add some pretty layers. On the list is adding curtains to help soften the two big windows and possibly adding shiplap to the clock wall. The room is a little bit on the bare side right now so the next step is to add more texture and depth to the room. One of the best things we did do though was add curtains to the French doors that lead into this room. This helps with providing privacy and also lessens the noise, especially when we need to do our focused work!
Morgan is a professional organizer (chaos calmer), writer (list lover), and exercise enthusiast (fitness fan), keep up with her on her site, Morganize with Me. Check out her upcoming Book, join her Organizing Challenges, listen to the Morganize with Me Podcast, and visit the MWM Shop full of fabulous organizing printables!


Charles Saatchi's £30 million art collection is still to find a home nearly two year since he gifted it to the nation.
It is considered one of the most important contemporary art collections in the world, featuring Tracey Emin's bed and Grayson Perry's pots.
So when Charles Saatchi offered to donate the cream of his private collection – valued at upwards of £30 million – to the nation for free, he might have been forgiven for thinking it would be gratefully accepted.
But two years since announcing his generous gift, the collection has yet to find a home.
Instead, the Government has bungled attempts to secure it while a national museum has also passed on the offer.
Saatchi's bequest includes more than 200 works by several of the world's leading contemporary artists, among them Jake and Dinos Chapman, the Indian artist Jitish Kallat and Emin, whose unmade bed, My Bed, which came to symbolise the Young British Artist (YBA) movement of the 1990s, is included.
Perry, whose ceramic urns are among Saatchi's key works, described the collection as "the cream of the crop".
It also includes Tragic Anatomies, the mutated mannequins by the Chapman brothers first seen at Saatchi's Sensation exhibition in 1997, Richard Wilson's oil room installation 20:50, Chinese Offspring by Zhang Dali featuring life-size naked figures strung up by their feet and Ghost by the Algerian artist Kader Attia, consisting of hundreds of praying figures made from aluminium foil.
Saatchi approached Jeremy Hunt, the Culture Secretary, who has made philanthropy central to arts policy and declared 2011 "a year of corporate philanthropy" after the Government cut funding for the arts by a third.
The former advertising guru-turned-collector emphasised the gift would be made freely and that he would receive no offset in lieu of taxes for the bequest.
Mr Hunt welcomed the offer, thanking Saatchi for his "incredible generosity" in proposing the Government take ownership of the works on behalf of the nation.
He said: "Charles Saatchi has built up a collection of huge international importance.
Mr Hunt suggested that the bequest be accepted by the Arts Council, the Government-funded national development agency for the arts, which oversees a collection of more than 7,000 modern and contemporary works.
Saatchi suggested his pieces could be lent to museums and galleries around the country, and in addition to the 200-strong core collection, the gift would include other works that could be sold to buy new acquisitions.
He also pledged to cover future costs of storage, insurance, maintenance and restoration.
But instead of welcoming the £30 million gift, officials at the Arts Council asked to select some works and discard others, prompting Saatchi to withdraw the offer.
An Arts Council spokesman said: "Arts Council England was happy to be approached with regards to Charles Saatchi's intention to donate his collection to the nation.
"We discussed all aspects of the proposals with the [Saatchi] gallery's management to find a way of realising his ambitions, however no firm decision on the issue was reached.
Saatchi's spokesman said that the collection has also been offered on the same terms to the Government Art Collection (GAC), which supplies art for ministerial offices and official buildings in Britain and around the world.
The GAC has also embarked on an exhibition programme with shows at the Whitechapel Gallery in London, the Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery and the Ulster Museum in Belfast.
Its policy is to "accept donations and bequests at the discretion of the Advisory Committee", which is chaired by the Julia Somerville, the broadcaster, and includes Sir Nicholas Serota, the Tate director, and Nicholas Penny, the director of the National Gallery.
The GAC currently has a two-year moratorium for purchasing new works until 2013/14, so the gift could provide it with a much-needed boost of fresh works.
A spokesman from the Department of Culture, Media and Sport said: "The Government very much welcomed the announcement by Charles Saatchi of his intention to gift his collection to the nation.
"Shortly after the announcement the Secretary of State met Mr Saatchi and DCMS officials had further discussions with his representatives.
"We were clear at the time that we stand ready to help in any way we can when Mr Saatchi makes a decision about how best to proceed; that remains the case.
Saatchi, 69, also offered the collection to the Tate in the hope that Tate Modern, a major national museum with generous Government funding, would make an ideal home for the collection after his retirement.
But the offer was rejected by Sir Nicholas Serota, Tate's director. The two men are known to have had a chequered relationship, with Saatchi once describing the Tate's Turner Prize as "pseudo-controversial rehashed claptrap".
Saatchi, who is married to the cookery writer and broadcaster Nigella Lawson, has received several offers for the collection from international institutions, but is keen to keep the collection in the UK.
Many of the works have been displayed in successive incarnations of Saatchi galleries, including its current base in the former Duke of York's barracks in Chelsea, which is owned by the Cadogan Estate.
In recent years, he has shown young and lesser-known artists at his gallery, who would not get exposure in other leading museums.
Saatchi is understood to be "extremely disappointed" that the gift has yet to be accepted but is considering plans to establish a foundation run by Saatchi Gallery representatives who would manage the works in the gift.


text:
/* IBM_PROLOG_BEGIN_TAG                                                   */
/* This is an automatically generated prolog.                             */
/*                                                                        */
/* $Source: src/usr/hwas/hostbootIstep.C $                                */
/*                                                                        */
/* OpenPOWER HostBoot Project                                             */
/*                                                                        */
/* Contributors Listed Below - COPYRIGHT 2012,2015                        */
/* [+] International Business Machines Corp.                              */
/*                                                                        */
/*                                                                        */
/* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");        */
/* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.       */
/* You may obtain a copy of the License at                                */
/*                                                                        */
/*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0                         */
/*                                                                        */
/* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software    */
/* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,      */
/* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or        */
/* implied. See the License for the specific language governing           */
/* permissions and limitations under the License.                         */
/*                                                                        */
/* IBM_PROLOG_END_TAG                                                     */
/**
 *  @file hostbootIstep.C
 *
 *  @brief hostboot istep-called functions
 */

#include <hwas/common/hwas.H>
#include <hwas/common/hwasCommon.H>
#include <hwas/common/hwas_reasoncodes.H>
#include <hwas/hwasPlat.H>

#include <hwas/hostbootIstep.H>
#include <hwas/common/deconfigGard.H>

#include <fsi/fsiif.H>
#include <initservice/taskargs.H>
#include <initservice/isteps_trace.H>
#include <initservice/initserviceif.H>
#include <hwpisteperror.H>

#include <targeting/attrsync.H>
#include <targeting/namedtarget.H>
#include <diag/prdf/prdfMain.H>
#include <intr/interrupt.H>
#include <ibscom/ibscomif.H>

#include <i2c/i2cif.H>

#include <sbe/sbeif.H>
#include <sbe_update.H>

//  fapi support
#include  <fapi.H>
#include  <fapiPlatHwpInvoker.H>

//  targeting support.
#include  <targeting/common/utilFilter.H>
#include  <targeting/common/commontargeting.H>
#include  <targeting/common/entitypath.H>

#include  <errl/errludtarget.H>

#include <proc_enable_reconfig.H>

#include <console/consoleif.H>

#include <ipmi/ipmisensor.H>
#include <ipmi/ipmifruinv.H>

// Custom compile configs
#include <config.h>

#ifdef CONFIG_ENABLE_CHECKSTOP_ANALYSIS
  #include <hwpf/hwp/occ/occ.H>
  #include <hwpf/hwp/occ/occ_common.H>

  #include <diag/attn/attn.H>
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_TPMDD
  #include <secureboot/trustedbootif.H>
#endif

namespace HWAS
{

using namespace TARGETING;
using namespace fapi;
using namespace ISTEP;
using namespace ISTEP_ERROR;

// functions called from the istep dispatcher -- hostboot only

//******************************************************************************
// host_init_fsi function
//******************************************************************************
void* host_init_fsi( void *io_pArgs )
{
    errlHndl_t l_errl = NULL;

    TRACDCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace, "host_init_fsi entry" );
    do
    {
        l_errl = FSI::initializeHardware( );
        if (l_errl)
        {
            // This error should get returned
            break;
        }

        // Only reset the I2C Masters if FSP is not running
        if ( !INITSERVICE::spBaseServicesEnabled() )
        {
            l_errl = I2C::i2cResetActiveMasters(I2C::I2C_ALL, false);
            if (l_errl)
            {
                // Commit this error
                errlCommit( l_errl, HWPF_COMP_ID );
            }
        }

    } while (0);

    TRACDCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace, "host_init_fsi exit" );
    return l_errl;
}

//******************************************************************************
// host_set_ipl_parms function
//******************************************************************************
void* host_set_ipl_parms( void *io_pArgs )
{
    TRACDCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace, "host_set_ipl_parms entry" );
    errlHndl_t errl = NULL;

    TRACDCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace, "host_set_ipl_parms exit" );

    return errl;
}

//******************************************************************************
// host_discover_targets function
//******************************************************************************
void* host_discover_targets( void *io_pArgs )
{
    TRACDCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                "host_discover_targets entry" );

    errlHndl_t errl = NULL;

    // Check whether we're in MPIPL mode
    TARGETING::Target* l_pTopLevel = NULL;
    targetService().getTopLevelTarget( l_pTopLevel );
    HWAS_ASSERT(l_pTopLevel, "HWAS host_discover_targets: no TopLevelTarget");

    if (l_pTopLevel->getAttr<ATTR_IS_MPIPL_HB>())
    {
        TRACFCOMP(ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace, "MPIPL mode");

        // Sync attributes from Fsp
        errl = syncAllAttributesFromFsp();
    }
    else
    {
        TRACFCOMP(ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace, "Normal IPL mode");

        errl = discoverTargets();
    }

    // Put out some helpful messages that show which targets we actually found
    std::map<TARGETING::TYPE,uint64_t> l_presData;
    for (TargetIterator target = targetService().begin();
         target != targetService().end();
         ++target)
    {
        if (!(target->getAttr<ATTR_HWAS_STATE>().present))
        {
            continue;
        }
        TARGETING::TYPE l_type = target->getAttr<TARGETING::ATTR_TYPE>();
        TARGETING::ATTR_POSITION_type l_pos = 0;
        if( target->tryGetAttr<TARGETING::ATTR_POSITION>(l_pos) )
        {
            l_presData[l_type] |= (0x8000000000000000 >> l_pos);
        }
    }
    TARGETING::EntityPath l_epath; //use EntityPath's translation functions
    for( std::map<TARGETING::TYPE,uint64_t>::iterator itr = l_presData.begin();
         itr != l_presData.end();
         ++itr )
    {
        uint8_t l_type = itr->first;
        uint64_t l_val = itr->second;
        TRACFCOMP(ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,"PRESENT> %s[%.2X]=%.8X%.8X",
                l_epath.pathElementTypeAsString(itr->first), l_type, l_val>>32, l_val&0xFFFFFFFF);
#if (!defined(CONFIG_CONSOLE_OUTPUT_TRACE) && defined(CONFIG_CONSOLE))
        CONSOLE::displayf("HWAS", "PRESENT> %s[%.2X]=%.8X%.8X",
                l_epath.pathElementTypeAsString(itr->first), l_type, l_val>>32, l_val&0xFFFFFFFF );
#endif
    }

#ifdef CONFIG_BMC_IPMI
    // Gather + Send the base IPMI Fru Inventory data to the BMC
    IPMIFRUINV::setData();

    // send DIMM/CORE/PROC sensor status to the BMC
    SENSOR::updateBMCSensorStatus();
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_TPMDD
    if (NULL == errl)
    {
        // Initialize the master TPM
        errl = (errlHndl_t)TRUSTEDBOOT::host_update_master_tpm(io_pArgs);
    }
#endif

    TRACDCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
            "host_discover_targets exit" );

    return errl;
}

//******************************************************************************
// host_gard function
//******************************************************************************
void* host_gard( void *io_pArgs )
{
    TRACDCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace, "host_gard entry" );
    errlHndl_t errl;

    do {
        TARGETING::Target* l_pTopLevel = NULL;
        targetService().getTopLevelTarget( l_pTopLevel );
        HWAS_ASSERT(l_pTopLevel, "HWAS host_gard: no TopLevelTarget");

        #ifdef CONFIG_ENABLE_CHECKSTOP_ANALYSIS

        TRACFCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                   INFO_MRK"host_gard: invoke PRD to check for previous CS" );

        errl = ATTN::checkForCSAttentions();
        if ( NULL != errl )
        {
            TRACFCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                       ERR_MRK"host_gard: error from checkForCSAttentions" );
            errlCommit(errl, HWPF_COMP_ID);
        }

        #endif

        // Check whether we're in MPIPL mode
        if (l_pTopLevel->getAttr<ATTR_IS_MPIPL_HB>())
        {
            TRACFCOMP(ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace, "MPIPL mode");

            // we only want EX units to be processed
            TARGETING::PredicateCTM l_exFilter(TARGETING::CLASS_UNIT,
                                           TARGETING::TYPE_EX);
            errl = collectGard(&l_exFilter);
            if (errl)
            {
               TRACFCOMP(ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                               "collectGard returned error; breaking out");
                break;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            TRACFCOMP(ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace, "Normal IPL mode");

            errl = collectGard();
            if(errl)
            {
                TRACFCOMP(ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                   "collectGard returned error; breaking out");
                break;
            }

            if (errl == NULL)
            {
                //  check and see if we still have enough hardware to continue
                errl = checkMinimumHardware();
                if(errl)
                {
                    TRACFCOMP(ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                      "check minimum hardware returned error; breaking out");
                    break;
                }
            }
            // If targets are deconfigured as a result of host_gard, they are
            // done so using the PLID as the reason for deconfiguration.  This
            // triggers the reconfigure loop attribute to be set, which causes
            // undesirable behavior, so we need to reset it here:

            // Read current value
            TARGETING::ATTR_RECONFIGURE_LOOP_type l_reconfigAttr =
                l_pTopLevel->getAttr<TARGETING::ATTR_RECONFIGURE_LOOP>();
            // Turn off deconfigure bit
            l_reconfigAttr &= ~TARGETING::RECONFIGURE_LOOP_DECONFIGURE;
            // Write back to attribute
            l_pTopLevel->setAttr<TARGETING::ATTR_RECONFIGURE_LOOP>
                    (l_reconfigAttr);
        }

        // Send message to FSP sending HUID of EX chip associated with
        // master core
        msg_t * core_msg = msg_allocate();
        core_msg->type = SBE::MSG_IPL_MASTER_CORE;
        const TARGETING::Target*  l_masterCore  = TARGETING::getMasterCore( );

         /*@    errorlog tag
          *  @errortype      ERRL_SEV_CRITICAL_SYS_TERM
          *  @moduleid       MOD_HOST_GARD
          *  @reasoncode     RC_MASTER_CORE_NULL
          *  @userdata1      0
          *  @userdata2      0
          *  @devdesc        HWAS host_gard: no masterCore found
          */
        if (l_masterCore == NULL)
        {
            TRACFCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                "No masterCore Found" );
            const bool hbSwError = true;
            errl = new ERRORLOG::ErrlEntry
                    (ERRORLOG::ERRL_SEV_CRITICAL_SYS_TERM,
                     HWAS::MOD_HOST_GARD,
                     HWAS::RC_MASTER_CORE_NULL,
                     0, 0, hbSwError);
            break;
        }
        // Get the EX chip associated with the master core as that is the
        // chip that
        //   has the IS_MASTER_EX attribute associated with it
        TARGETING::TargetHandleList targetList;
        getParentAffinityTargets(targetList,
                             l_masterCore,
                             TARGETING::CLASS_UNIT,
                             TARGETING::TYPE_EX);
        HWAS_ASSERT(targetList.size() == 1,
             "HWAS host_gard: Incorrect EX chip(s) associated with masterCore");
        core_msg->data[0] = 0;
        core_msg->data[1] = TARGETING::get_huid( targetList[0] );
        core_msg->extra_data = NULL;
        TRACFCOMP(ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
              "Sending MSG_MASTER_CORE message with HUID %08x",
              core_msg->data[1]);
        errl = MBOX::send(MBOX::IPL_SERVICE_QUEUE,core_msg);
        if (errl)
        {
            TRACFCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                      ERR_MRK"MBOX::send failed sending Master Core message");
            msg_free(core_msg);
            break;
        }
    } while (0);

    TRACDCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace, "host_gard exit" );
    return errl;
}

//******************************************************************************
// host_cancontinue_clear function
//******************************************************************************
void* host_cancontinue_clear( void *io_pArgs )
{
    TRACDCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                "host_cancontinue_clear entry" );
    errlHndl_t errl = NULL;

#ifdef CONFIG_IPLTIME_CHECKSTOP_ANALYSIS
    // TODO RTC 115587: current place; could change
    TRACFCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
            "host_cancontinue_clear: calling activateOCCs" );
    errl = HBOCC::activateOCCs(true);
    if (errl)
    {
        TRACFCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
               "activateOCCs failed");
    }
#endif

    TRACDCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                "host_cancontinue_clear exit" );

    return errl;
}

//******************************************************************************
// host_prd_hwreconfig function
//******************************************************************************
void* host_prd_hwreconfig( void *io_pArgs )
{
    TRACDCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                "host_prd_hwreconfig entry" );

    errlHndl_t errl = NULL;
    IStepError l_stepError;
    do
    {
        // Flip the scom path back to FSI in case we enabled IBSCOM previously
        IBSCOM::enableInbandScoms(IBSCOM_DISABLE);

        // Call PRDF to remove non-function chips from its system model
        errl = PRDF::refresh();

        if (errl)
        {
            TRACFCOMP(ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                      "host_prd_hwreconfig ERROR 0x%.8X returned from"
                      "  call to PRDF::refresh", errl->reasonCode());

            // Create IStep error log and cross reference error that occurred
            l_stepError.addErrorDetails(errl);

            // Commit Error
            errlCommit(errl, HWPF_COMP_ID);

            break;
        }

        // Lists for present MCS
        TARGETING::TargetHandleList l_presMcsList;

        // find all present MCS chiplets of all procs
        getChipletResources(l_presMcsList, TYPE_MCS, UTIL_FILTER_PRESENT);

        for (TargetHandleList::const_iterator
             l_mcs_iter = l_presMcsList.begin();
             l_mcs_iter != l_presMcsList.end();
             ++l_mcs_iter)
        {
            // make a local copy of the MCS target
            const TARGETING::Target * l_pMcs = *l_mcs_iter;
            // Retrieve HUID of current MCS
            TARGETING::ATTR_HUID_type l_currMcsHuid =
                TARGETING::get_huid(l_pMcs);

            // Dump current run on target
            TRACFCOMP(ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                    "Running proc_enable_reconfig HWP on "
                    "MCS target HUID %.8X", l_currMcsHuid);

            // Create FAPI Targets.
            fapi::Target l_fapiMcsTarget(TARGET_TYPE_MCS_CHIPLET,
                    (const_cast<TARGETING::Target*>(l_pMcs)));

            // Call the HWP with each fapi::Target
            FAPI_INVOKE_HWP(errl, proc_enable_reconfig, l_fapiMcsTarget);

            if (errl)
            {
                TRACFCOMP(ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                         "ERROR 0x%.8X: proc_enable_reconfig HWP returns error",
                          errl->reasonCode());

                // Capture the target data in the elog
                ERRORLOG::ErrlUserDetailsTarget(l_pMcs).addToLog( errl );

                //Create IStep error log and cross reference error that occurred
                l_stepError.addErrorDetails(errl);

                // Commit Error
                errlCommit(errl, HWPF_COMP_ID);

                // Don't keep calling proc_enable_reconfig. Treat as a fatal
                // unexpected unrecoverable error and terminate the IPL.
                break ; // break with error
            }
            // Success
            TRACFCOMP(ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                    "Successfully ran proc_enable_reconfig HWP on "
                    "MCS target HUID %.8X", l_currMcsHuid);
        } // for

#ifdef CONFIG_IPLTIME_CHECKSTOP_ANALYSIS
        // update firdata inputs for OCC
        TARGETING::Target* masterproc = NULL;
        TARGETING::targetService().masterProcChipTargetHandle(masterproc);
        errl = HBOCC::loadHostDataToSRAM(masterproc,
                                            PRDF::MASTER_PROC_CORE);
        if (errl)
        {
            TRACFCOMP(ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                    "Error returned from call to HBOCC::loadHostDataToSRAM");

            //Create IStep error log and cross reference error that occurred
            l_stepError.addErrorDetails(errl);

            // Commit Error
            errlCommit(errl, HWPF_COMP_ID);
            break;
        }
#endif

    }
    while(0);

    TRACDCOMP( ISTEPS_TRACE::g_trac_isteps_trace,
                "host_prd_hwreconfig exit" );
    // end task, returning any errorlogs to IStepDisp
    return l_stepError.getErrorHandle();
}

//******************************************************************************
// host_stub function
//******************************************************************************
void* host_stub( void *io_pArgs )
{
    errlHndl_t errl = NULL;
    // no function required
    return errl;
}

} // namespace HWAS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: ReferenceError: Can't find variable: require (emulator on Windows 10) I am having issues when running the command: react-native run-android --emulator
My build is successful, but when it comes up on Genymotion I get:

Nothing even happens on android AVD:

I have ran the following command with no changes: adb reverse tcp: 8081 tcp:8081
I am on Windows 10, using emulators (not my device). Also, I had someone who has a Mac run this with no issue.
Thanks in advance!

A: Update!
Turns out for Windows 10 I need to have two prompts.
One needs to be running: react-native start
The other: react-native run-android OR react-native run-android --emulator

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Capitola Beach
Searching for small beach abodes in California from Eureka to San Diego would take you almost 800 miles by car. For you east coasters who might not fathom how much coastline there is in California figure a similar stretch would run from Coney Island , New York to Savannah, Georgia. Lots of beach.
Remember true summer in California begins in August and runs through October. It's prime time now.
For only one example local West Coaster color let's start at the Venetian Casitas on the beach in Capitola, CA (north end of Monterey Bay near Santa Cruz). They're small with one or two bedrooms on one or two levels.
Colorful Casitas next to pier
The units are part of the Venetian Hotel (plan ahead) but you can't get closer to the sand and sea than this colorful collection. Venetian Court is a residential seaside resort located in Capitola, California. Construction of Venetian Court, in the Mediterranean Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival, and Mission Revival architecture styles, began in 1924 and continued for several years.
On April 2, 1987, Venetian Court was listed as site 87000574 on the National Register of Historic Places as one of the first condominium seaside developments in California, and is in a United States Historic District.
The two rows of colorful units nearest to the beach, as shown in the picture below, are privately owned condos (many of which are available as vacation rentals by owner). The large olive brown building in the back row (nearest to the street) is now operated as the "Capitola Venetian Hotel".
Restaurant row is just south of the Capitola Lagoon. Margaritaville, shown, is one of the newer places serving indoor-outdoor dining.


This custom molded Fat Head's Brewery tap handle will make your keg-o-rater look professional. Warning: use only to pour real Fat Head's beer, otherwise the little fat man gets testy.
Need glasses? No four-eyes, that's not the kind of glasses we meant.


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UpwardAction Salutes Janice Bryant Howroyd
Janice Bryant Howroyd holds the distinction of being the first African American woman to build a billion dollar company. She is the founder and CEO of Act 1 Group.
Under her leadership, Act 1 Group has transitioned from its humble beginnings of a single office operation to become the largest minority woman-owned employment agency in the United States with more than 1,300 people and over $1.4 billion in revenues for 2010. Its operations span across the United States and eight countries. The company's clients include Sempra Energy, Ford Motor Company and Cingular.
As an African American business leader, Howroyd personifies the enterprising spirit of leading, successful entrepreneurs.
In 2005, she was given the Spirit of American Enterprise Presidential Award. You can learn more about Ms. Howroyd and Act 1 Group at http://www.act-1.com/aboutjan.asp.
Staff Blogger
Need help using social media to attract more business? Click here.
Coach TC
TC Cooper is an Amazon best selling author, lawyerpreneur and president of UpwardAction®. As president of UpwardAction®, TC helps professional service providers (like lawyers, subject matter experts, and coaches) leverage the power of the Internet to build influential brands and sustainable businesses. TC earned her law degree from Columbia Law School (where she was a Harlan Fisk Stone Scholar) and her BA with honors from Hampton University. She is a certified coach and graduate of CoachU.
www.UpwardAction.com


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Esdilasas () was a Moorish tribal leader active during the rebellion in the province of Byzacena. In 534 and 535, he was among the Moorish leaders who rebelled against Byzantine authority in Africa. In late 534, he, along with the Berber tribal leaders Cutzinas, Iurfutes and Medisiníssas, defeated the Byzantine officers Aigan and Rufinus. In 535, however, the rebels were defeated by the Byzantine military commander Solomon, first at Mammes, then at Bourgaon. In the aftermath of Bourgaon, Esdilasas surrendered and was taken to Carthage.

References

Sources

6th-century Berber people
6th-century rulers in Africa
Berber rulers
Byzacena
Berber rebels
Rebellions against the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine rebels

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Lesley Doyle, Julie-Anne Little, Kathryn Saunders; Repeatability of Crystalline Lens Thickness Measurements in the Accommodating Eye. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2013;54(15):3581.
Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of lens thickness (LT) measurements taken using the Visante Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomographer (AS-OCT) (Zeiss Meditec, Germany) for the first time under non-cycloplegic and accommodative conditions.
Methods: Participants were 66 visually normal adults, (18 -75 years), stratified into five age groups (18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and 60-75 years). Images of the crystalline lens were taken during stimulation of accommodation at demands of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8D. Raw lens images were analysed using a refractive index n=1.42. Participants returned for repeat measures on another occasion.
Results: LT measures were obtained from 90% of images. The mean interval between visit 1 and visit 2 was 12.68+/-26.80 days. The mean difference between visits for LT measurements in the unaccommodated state for all participants was -0.0001mm with 95% limits of agreement from -0.051 to 0.051mm. Over the range of accommodative demands the 95% limits of agreement were widest for the 18-29-year-old age group, ranging from -0.034 to 0.043mm for a 2D accommodative demand to -0.120 to 0.171mm for a 5D demand and narrowest for the 60-75-year-old age group, ranging from -0.023 to 0.017mm for a 3D demand to -0.033 to 0.033mm for a 4D demand. When considering the 95% limits of agreement across accommodative demands there was no significant difference with increasing demand (repeated measures ANOVA, F(6, 24)= 1.30, p>0.05) however the 95% limits of agreement were significantly smaller in the 50-59 and 60-75-year-olds in comparison to the younger age groups (one-way ANOVA, F(4, 30)= 6.11, p<0.05).
Conclusions: Our data demonstrates similar repeatability compared with a previous study in children under cycloplegia (Lehman et al., 2009). Repeatability does not deteriorate significantly with increasing accommodative effort and was shown to improve with increasing age. The ability to detect small changes in LT with good repeatability indicates the suitability of the Visante AS-OCT when studying changes in LT both with age and under accommodative conditions.


Pai Gow originated in the 1800's, when the Chinese domino game Gai Gow was combined with American poker. It is a more slow paced game but still offers excitement to the player.
The player is dealt 7 cards. These cards must be split into two Poker hands: a two-card hand and a five-card hand. The player can split the hand however he/she likes, but must follow one simple rule: the 5 card hand must be ranked higher than the 2 card hand. To win, the player's hands must rank higher than the house's. If one of the player's hands wins and one loses, the round is a push. If both hands loose, the player looses the bet.


We know you are hunting for a efficient and ethical local business that can collect and remove of your refuse material legally using local dump sites? Rubbish Clearance Ltd can help. Whether a household, a business or a local authority, we have the vans and lorries to make your rubbish disappear RESPONSIBLY!.
Want a low-priced price for collection of rubbish or garden waste collection? Whether you are in a bungalow or flat we can help all home owners in Aimes Green. We are a council registered Waste removal company based in Essex. We do all the loading so you don't have to. Whatever amount of rubbish you have, our two man teams can safely collect and dispose of it. Stuff that we dispose of include paper and cardboard boxes, rolls of underlay, greenhouses and broken tumble dryers.
We remove and clear up of all your mixed waste, cupboards, car tyres (can cost more as expensive to dispose of), mattresses or carpets legally at a registered dump from anywhere in EN9.


When the federal government's Digital Transformation Agenda and its accompanying Digital Transformation Office were announced in early 2015, it was an unambiguous signal to public servants across the nation that the biggest technology and services change mandate ever experienced within government in Australia was about to play out.
After decades of arguably incremental change to how public sector agencies at all levels procured and applied technology, a fundamental shake-up of culture, development and delivery was about to be unleashed in a bid to achieve one of the biggest operational reforms to how the public service functioned.
At the top of the communications agenda for instigating change was the rapid delivery of 'exemplar' innovations ranging from digital service design standards to simplified procurement and code sharing arrangements.
Few doubted the ambition of the Digital Transformation mandate for government; even if some privately questioned the seemingly rapid way in which it unfolded. What's not contested is that it is happening, with 2017 set as the deadline for all "major services and interactions with individuals" to be online.
But there has also been another fundamental shift occurring, a far quieter internal revolution that has been playing out for more than a decade, which arguably provides the foundational basis for what's now termed Digital Government.
After struggling with disparate nature of stand-alone applications and information siloes for decades, many forward-thinking agencies actively started seeking much greater control and productivity from their key internal systems to facilitate better business outcomes for all stakeholders whilst ensuring governance is always respected.
With that push have come improvements in performance, accountability, transparency and value for money.
If is the fruit of reform, then good governance — specifically information governance and process governance — is the rootstock of the tree. It's also taken years to grow and mature.
Governance might not tick the hipster buzzword box for transient tech terms, it's a crucial element that makes the difference between delivering an improved outcome and being on the wrong side of an audit or review after career limiting problems occur.
Most importantly, it's been proven to deliver time and time again.
When it comes to validating the important role and impact that information and process governance play in achieving successful digital transformation, one foundational document stands out.
In 2016, a comprehensive whitepaper compiled by AIIM — an international not-for-profit industry think tank that taps the wisdom of Enterprise Content Management and Social Business Systems user communities and suppliers with access to a global professional community of more than 190,000 individuals — released Digitally Transforming Government with Good Governance: A recipe for success.
What sets the document apart is that it drills deep into specific and real world challenges senior public sector executives face in achieving tangible and lasting change that sets them up to deliver now, and into the future.
Underwritten by ASX-listed and Australian headquartered enterprise software company Objective Corporation, the research forms part of a growing body of evidence intended to inform and educate public sector stakeholders about the real-world issues they may face and the options and choices available to them.
Those numbers suggest that although there is substantive recognition of the mandate and imperative for digital transformation, there's still major work to be done to the structures that underpin public sector information, processes and platforms to achieve success.
The AIIM white paper also makes important observations about how public sector organisations and their leaders embark and execute digital strategies. Many agencies have for years pursued 'digitisation' projects that seek to capture paper documents or scanned forms as a means to reduce dependence on paper.
In 2011 the National Archives of Australia (NAA) importantly mandated that federal agencies must stop providing electronically generated information to it as paper printouts by 2015, coming good on well telegraphed plans to require all agencies to get their information management and governance in order under the Digital Continuity 2020 Policy.
Aside from setting out a roadmap of specific requirements and delivery dates, one of the strongest mandates within Digital Continuity 2020 is that it makes individual agency heads accountable for compliance, thus making leadership and executive buy-in a must.
"Agencies that understand and fully realise the benefits of their assets – information, technology, people and processes — will deliver better and more efficient services to Australians," it says.
The NAA and it's highly regarded chief, David Fricker, have also persistently made the point that achieving digital information proficiency requires far more than a technological quick fix.
It requires understanding, discipline and attention to underlying principles and robust processes that values information as a strategic asset of government.
"In a hyper-connected world that is flooded with data, it is essential to have access to reliable information that is authentic, complete, usable and accessible," Fricker observed in his inaugural speech as president of the International Council on Archives in 2014.
It's that kind of practical, solid and enduring approach that user organisation's like AIIM and governance advocates including Objective Corporation are now bringing to the market to foster a greater public good.
The fact that the senior public in charge of guiding and assisting Australian agencies to better information governance has been elected to the top position of information custodians is also a resounding recognition of the capability of wider Australian public sector leadership and its capacity to adapt and innovate.
Returning to the AIIM whitepaper, an equally important finding is that for many government customers, maintaining heterogeneous systems and technologies will remain a management imperative even when information and process governance is put in place.
"In many cases, the focus is on the coexistence of technologies to extend the value of current IT investments, with an emphasis on interoperability and integration between line-of-business systems, content repositories and business processes across the enterprise," the AIIM whitepaper notes of digital transformation efforts.
Australia has never been short on information technology dramas which (as consecutive official audits have observed) frequently start with insufficient attention to governance, proper process and oversight.
This doesn't mean that usability should or need be sacrificed. Rather, good information and process governance structures empower both ease of use and greater capability to extract, analyse and exploit data and information resources across multiple holdings and systems.
"All of this should be transparent to the user. From their perspective there is a simple, singular interface to find all of the information they require and are authorised to access," the AIIM white paper says.
"There is no longer a need [for a user] to search each known repository in their quest to find information.
Digital transformation, or indeed good governance of information and processes are not organisational benefits in their own right.
Rather, they are pathways and enablers that allow organisations to achieve demonstrable improvements in how they conduct their core business, whether this is delivering services ranging from health and social welfare, to building national infrastructure or keeping government finances in check.
When AIIM asked its user base what the key benefits from transforming their back-office processes, the results didn't just illuminate a clear correlation between efficiency and productivity — users actually ranked service improvement as the biggest win.
"Faster customer response is the biggest benefit (43%), followed by improved productivity (40%), and cleaner audit trails for regulatory compliance (38%)," the AIIM whitepaper observed.
As the graph below (Fig. 5) illustrates, for organisations surveyed the biggest benefits strongly accrued straight to agencies' core operations followed by better transparency and compliance.
For those organisations that have transformed their back-office processes, faster customer response is the biggest benefit (43%), followed closely by improved productivity (40%), and cleaner audit trails for regulatory compliance (38%).
With cost pressures, shrinking budgets and fiscal accountability a constant pressure on government agencies, the baseline for return on investment (ROI) on any technology outlay is always crucial to winning a business case argument and achieving better business outcomes.
According to AIIM, 84% of its respondents reported a very respectable ROI of 18 months or less. Within that range, 59% achieved ROI within 12 months "with half of these seeing positive returns after just 6 months" the think tank says.
Those kinds of figures strongly support the merit and enduring efforts that government agencies and the wider public sector have made to implement major reforms that bust silos and enable well-informed, adaptive and innovative policies to be developed and delivered by the public sector, irrespective of the government of the day.
Such quietly won success is highly unlikely to attract the attention of BuzzFeed. But then most public sector leaders can probably live quite comfortably with that.


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Another half a year, full of exciting events, hard work and interesting developments, has passed. While heat waves were hitting many locations around the world, we dived deep into the Estonian startup ecosystem and discovered some unseen pieces of information that we are now able to share with you.
General data about the startup sector
This year the Startup Estonia team has put a lot of effort into updating and systemizing the startup dataset of Estonia. There are currently around 650 startups in Estonia that we have counted. Most of them operate in the following sectors: Business software, services & HR (108 startups), AdTech & Creative Tech (98 startups), FinTech (69 startups), HealthTech, Life sciences & Wellness (58 startups) and CleanTech (48 startups). During the first half of 2019, 35 new startups were established, lead by CyberTech with 10 new startups created this year. One of these startups is a global fake news disruption service FakesKiller. Originally from Ukraine, FakesKiller just completed Startup Wise Guys accelerators defense AI and cybersecurity-focused program CyberNorth. Dmytro Potekhin, Founder and CEO of FakesKiller: "We got everything we needed in Estonia - upgraded, incorporated and funded. We met great investors, mentors and friends - what can be better? Every startupper and investor dreaming of Silicon Valley better go to Tallinn first. There are more opportunities in Estonia and the startup environment is better. Tallinn is the best place on Earth to fail, succeed and start growing. This is the way to get your Silicon Valley dream come true."
For more insights, check out the statistical overviews of our startup sectors.
Employment numbers & demographics
The 2019 statistics from the Estonian Tax and Customs Board show that at the end of the second quarter Estonian startups employ 4848 people locally. A year ago, at the end of June 2018, the employee number was 3369. This shows a yearly growth of +44%! However, if we look at employees who have worked in our startups during the last six months for at least one day, the number is even more astonishing. According to Statistics Estonia 7421 people have worked for Estonian startups during this period. And to compare this with all the people in Estonia who worked at least one day during that period (695 700), we see that every 93rd person in Estonia has been somehow involved with startups. In addition, Estonian Startups Leaders Club has estimated that 1/3 of the people working in Estonian startups (2635) are based in their offices abroad. This also takes into account the people who are working in companies which don't classify as startups by definition anymore, meaning they have either been acquired or are older than 10 years.
The top 20 startups in Estonia account for 61% of the new jobs created in the first half of 2019. Top recruiters among Estonian startups have been Veriff (+204), Transferwise (+108), Bolt (+75) and Pipedrive (+41). For the first time, we had a closer look at the demographics of startup employees in Estonia. We found that 46% of startup employees are women and 54% are men. As expected, they are relatively young: 49% are between 21-30 years old and 29% are between 31-40. Almost half of the employees, 47%, have higher education and 35% of employees have general education or vocational education based on secondary education.
European tech startups are highly dependent on talent which has migrated to work at companies outside their home countries. According to Atomico VC report as much as 28% of founders and employees of private European tech startups are working outside of their home countries. In Estonia approximately 18% of startup employees have foreign citizenship (5% have EU citizenship and 13% have non-EU citizenship), 77% have Estonian citizenship and there is also 5% whom citizenship we couldn't confirm. The top 3 countries for startup employees with EU citizenship are UK, Latvia and Italy and top 3 countries for employees with non-EU citizenship are Russia, Ukraine and Nigeria. The amount of people working in Estonian startups from Nigeria can seem unexpected but when we look at the number of students from Nigeria, it makes sense (With Study in Estonia programme, foreign students are allowed to work while studying). Eero Loonurm, Head of International Marketing for Archimedes Foundation comments: ''There were 269 students in around 50 different curriculums from Nigeria in 2018/2019 studying in our universities. The most popular ones are curriculums connected with entrepreneurship, software development and other technical fields. Nigerians are mostly studying in Masters programmes but also in professional higher education programmes.'' It's also interesting to see that 34% of foreign employees are women while 63% are men and 68% of them have Bachelor's or Master's degree.
Founders diversity & demographics
If we look at the same distribution among founders it turned out that like other countries, women are still heavily underrepresented in the startup world. The proportion of female startup founders in Estonia is currently around 15%. According to Female Founders Monitor 2019, this proportion is similar in Germany (15%), Silicon Valley (16%), London (15%) and Singapore (12%). According to the EU startup monitor 2018, the average founder is male (82.8%), has a university degree (84.8%) and is approximately 38 years old. Interestingly enough, the average age of founders in Estonia is currently 37 years old and the majority of them are aged between 25-40. Most of the founders (59%) in Estonia have higher education. Most of the startup founders have Estonian citizenship (82%) and around 18% of startup founders are foreigners.
Maarika Truu, the Head of Startup Estonia comments: "Diversity is an important underlying pillar for a vibrant and sustainable startup ecosystem. And by diversity, we don't only look at gender equality but diversity in terms of socio-economic background, culture and religion, but also education levels. I'm glad to see that after looking into the Estonian startup ecosystem demographics we can see that Estonia is comparable to other startup ecosystems in the world - that said, we also see that there is a lot of work to be done to improve. For example, we need to focus not only for the diversity in the founders network but also in the talent employed and investors".
Employment taxes & turnover
The benefits of increased employment are reflected in a growing amount of employment taxes being paid. The employment taxes sum has raised from 28M in 2016, to 36M in 2017, to an amazing 46M in 2018 and a record-breaking 32,7M EUR in only the first 6 months of 2019. In June 2018, the amount of taxes paid was 20,8M EUR, meaning that the contribution is 57% higher compared to the same period of last year and we are already 72% from last years total. The biggest contributors are the following sectors: FinTech (9,6M EUR), Business software, services & HR (9M EUR), Transportation & Logistics (4M EUR), Gaming (1,8M EUR), CyberTech (1,9M EUR). The largest contributors among startups are Transferwise (5M EUR), Pipedrive (3,7M EUR), Bolt (2,8M EUR), Monese (0,97M EUR) and Veriff (0,83M EUR).
According to Statistics Estonia the average monthly gross salary within Estonian Startups is 1706 EUR which is 27% more than the average salary in Estonia. Employees between 31-40 years of age are paid the biggest average monthly gross salary of 2396 EUR. We also see that the average monthly gross salary of non-residents is 2157 EUR. Among the sectors, the biggest average monthly gross salaries are paid in Communication (3460 EUR), Gaming (2699 EUR), Transportation and Logistics (2693 EUR), DeepTech & SpaceTech (2571 EUR) and FinTech (2389 EUR).
Moonika Mällo, the Startup Sector Monitoring Project Manager in Startup Estonia observes: "Although the average monthly gross salaries in the startup sector are significantly higher than the Estonian average, it still remains slightly below the average salary paid in the top 3 economic activities. According to Statistics Estonia, the average monthly gross salary in the first quarter of 2019 was highest in financial and insurance (2411 EUR), energy (2264 EUR) and information and communication (2195 EUR). At the same time, it is interesting to note that while the national salary top is led by financial and insurance activities, we see that among different startup sectors the biggest average monthly salaries are paid in gaming, transportation & logistics and deeptech & spacetech."
In the first half of 2019, Estonian startups generated 155M EUR in turnover, which is an increase of 3% compared to the same time in 2018. It is important to keep in mind that we can only capture the revenue data of current Estonian startups and the actual figures of startups with Estonian origin will be even higher. Among startup sectors the biggest turnover belongs to Business software, services & HR (46,4M EUR), FinTech (20,9M EUR), CleanTech (14,7M EUR), Gaming (12,6M EUR) and AdTech & Creative Tech (12,3M EUR). Comparing the startups, the biggest turnovers were generated by Pipedrive (22M EUR), Comodule (11,9M EUR), Creative Mobile (11M EUR), Fiizy (8,6M EUR) and Starship Technologies (7,5M EUR).
Investments (based on the crowdsourced database)
During the first half of 2019, 117M EUR has been invested into Estonian startups. In total, there have been 24 new investment deals, with an average deal size of 4,43M EUR. Despite the investment sizes being smaller than at the same time in previous year, there has been a rise in the number of deals being made (15 investment deals made with the first 6 months of 2018).
By far the biggest investments were made into Bolt (60M EUR) followed by Glia (18M EUR) and Realeyes (11M EUR), Coolbet (7,6M EUR), TBD-Biodiscovery (4,5M EUR).
Just this week the European Investment Fund and three Baltic promotional institutions: KredEx (Estonia), Altum (Latvia) and Invega (Lithuania), announced the signing of the Baltic Innovation Fund 2. The new fund will invest in private equity and venture capital funds that focus on the Baltic States, with the goal of further developing equity investments into small and medium-sized enterprises, to boost growth in the region.
Lehar Kütt, Chief Executive of KredEx, stated: "The first Baltic Innovation Fund is an excellent illustration of the three Baltic States acting together and making small capital markets more attractive for investors and creating further financing possibilities for enterprises. With the Baltic Innovation Fund 2, we will continue the positive development of our local equity markets and it will surely be of key importance in helping Baltic SMEs grow and hence assure further economic growth in the region. KredEx, either directly of through its subsidiary SmartCap, is a participant in a total of 4 fund of funds: Baltic Innovation Fund 1, EstFund, Early Fund II and now also the Baltic Innovation Fund 2. Altogether the volume of these funds is more than 400 million euros, to which private investors will add about 800 million euros."
So there you go - 2019 is another year of high growth for our startup ecosystem - the number of startups, employees & employment taxes paid is growing rapidly. We are happy to contribute to that growth with our activities, such as the Startup Visa programme. Startup Estonia's team is looking forward to the busy autumn of supporting our community & cool startup events. Btw - have you already submitted your event idea to Startup Week Tallinn 2019?
Sources: Startup Estonia; Estonian Police and Border Guard Board; Startup Committee; Estonian Tax and Customs Board; Statistics Estonia; e- Business Register; Funding, Failures & Exits of Estonian Tech Startups 2006-2019 #EstonianMafia
Data crunched by: Moonika Mällo (Startup Estonia)
Blogpost written by: Moonika Mällo and Sander Sillavee (Startup Estonia)
Graphs by: Paula Repp
Tagged in: Statistics, Database


With the Spark Breakfast just two weeks away, it's time to get to know the rest of the winners!
Committing to the holistic development of girls and women is the core mission of Girls for Gender Equity (GGE). Every day, they encourage their members to become agents of change through civic engagement and leadership opportunities, and campaigns focused on improving the rights of young women and gender non-conforming youth of color in Brooklyn and beyond.
The nation's first multi-jurisdictional community court, the Red Hook Community Justice Center seeks to solve neighborhood problems in southwest Brooklyn. Taking on cases that would typically go to Civil, Family, and Criminal Court, the RHCJC is revolutionizing the possibilities of community-based solutions.
Building power to create just communities and healthy lives is the goal of Voices Of Community Activists & Leaders (VOCAL-NY). Founded in 1999 as a progressive AIDS housing network, today VOCAL-NY is a statewide membership organization led by low-income people of color that addresses root causes, like homelessness and mass incarceration.
It's not too late for you to join us at the Spark Breakfast, and help us celebrate all of these amazing organizations! Purchase tickets, tables and sponsorships.
We look forward to seeing you on February 28!
Spark Breakfast just two weeks away, it's time to get to know the rest of the winners!


The top 10 Part D prescription drug plans will have average premiums increases of 8 percent next year.
In the 1957 DeWitt Clinton High School yearbook, Ralph Lauren wrote "millionaire" as one of his life goals.
A federal program intended to bring in workers with special skills is being used by some American companies to hire and train other foreign workers.
Today's health marketplace requires consumers to hunt for drug deals like they were bargains on flat-screen televisions. Here are six ways to do just that.
For years, Americans have been told that higher interest rates are coming, eventually.


Unmounted Energy Rejection Filters, usable for H-alpha systems.
Available in 40 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm apertures.
Lunt Energy Rejection Filters are diffraction limited with IR Cut, and are made for use in h-alpha solar filters. The ERF filters are unmounted, and are available in 40 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm, and 100 mm apertures.


This breathwork is an active pranayama that facilitates an emotional release. There is so much inside of us all that we hide from, but there is nothing to fear… we've already experienced it. Time to let it all go and break free of the emotional chains that keep you from living a fully authentic life. This breathing pattern creates a deep meditative state that allows a shift of thought processes, helps manage anxiety and depression, and deepens your understanding of yourself. If you are ready to change, want a clearer direction for your life, or just have a lot going on that you want to release, breathwork can help. You've only got one life to live, don't you want to make it the best life ever?
A session looks like this: Up to 20 minutes of discussing what is going on in your life and things that you'd like to heal/fix/discover, followed by a guided 30 minute breath work session, and 10 minute integration.
"I see why breathwork is trending... Tiffany has a way of making me feel very supported.
A virtual session looks like this: Through a private Zoom call, we will have up to 20 minutes of discussing what is going on in your life and things that you'd like to heal/fix/discover, followed by a guided 30 minute breath work session, and 10 minute integration.
A couple's session looks like this: The duo (romantic partners, OR parent/child OR sisters/brothers OR business partners, etc. (all relationships welcome)) moves through a guided exercise to gently tackle sticky/uncomfortable energy, then both people lay side by side to breathe through the session together. This gentle practice helps lessen or diminish sticking points in relationships, an open the lines of communication.