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The Rich University: The Mother of all Tax Breaks
By Michelle Hirsch, The Fiscal Times
For elite private U.S. universities with large endowment funds, fiscal 2011 was a very good year. After suffering a 30 percent decline in its endowment in 2008, Harvard University reported last month that its fund—the largest in the country—grew by $4.4 billion to $32 billion last year, reaping the university a 21.4 percent return on its investments. The high returns have some economists, lawyers, and even some lawmakers, questioning the merits of continuing to give deep-pocketed universities tax breaks at a time when federal and state budgets are starved for revenue.
Stanford, Yale, the University of Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology also posted gains of 22 percent, 21.9 percent, 19 percent, and 17.9 percent, respectively, in the fiscal year that ended June 30. Other Ivy League schools also saw strong returns.
"At some point, a nonprofit gets so rich that it seems kind of obscene to let wealthy universities get out of paying taxes," said James Miller, an economics professor at Smith College. "Especially with this new Super Committee, I think the federal government is going to start looking a lot harder at the revenue running out the door every year—especially to institutions like Harvard that don't exactly need it."
Like most non-profit organizations, universities pay no property tax, which has led to an unprecedented legal challenge in Princeton, New Jersey. According to N.J.com, the University is being sued by a group of local residents who argue that Princeton owes property taxes on nearly 20 buildings not directly related to classroom or educational activities.
"…the university is not paying its
fair share of taxes and thus
homeowners in the borough are
shouldering a larger burden
than they ought to be."
Princeton lawyer Bruce Afran told N.J.com, "Activities take place in those buildings, both profit-making activities and non-educational activities, that the state legislature never intended to be tax exempt. The result is that the university is not paying its fair share of taxes and thus homeowners in the borough are shouldering a larger burden than they ought to be."
Universities like Harvard have multiple revenue streams: tuition, room and board, unrestricted alumni giving , ancillary revenue from sporting events, book sales, royalties, and other material, and, of course, the big one--the endowment. University endowment funds—supplied with capital from tax-deductible contributions —help pay for scholarships and tuition assistance, faculty salaries, upkeep of facilities, new research projects, or virtually any endeavor the university's administration decides. But the fund can also pay a college president and other administration officials exorbitant incomes and benefits.
Yale University president Richard C. Levin made a base salary of $1,181,032, not including health care and other benefits, free housing, transportation, cleaning services, gardening, travel & entertainment expenses, and the like. Duke's head basketball coach, Michael Krzyzewski, made $3,763,373 in 2009. Of course, Duke and other universities run their athletic departments as profit centers, with revenues from television, ticket sales, clothing, and memorabilia. Massachusetts universities are awarding dozens of key administrators extravagant half-million-dollar or more pay packages, according to a report released last month by the Tellus Institute, a nonprofit research and policy organization aligned with unions.
Endowment funds are typically compromised of thousands of smaller funds established by individual donors. But once that money is donated, it is invested in a mix of stocks, bonds, private equity funds, hedge funds, and real assets at home and abroad.
As nonprofits, those investment returns are exempt from the 15 percent capital gains and dividends tax private companies, investors, and individuals pay on investment income -- so long as that income is used to further the university's tax-exempt function, in this case education. Universities, like all nonprofits, are also exempt from paying federal corporate income taxes, and state and local sales and property taxes.
Large university endowment funds have advantages over individual and private investors, according to a 2010 Wells Fargo report. They have the benefit of holding investments indefinitely, have few liquidity constraints, and as a result, can take on more risky investments. "Larger institutions in particular benefit from access to the best managers, alternatives such as natural resource partnerships that are unavailable to individuals, and the lowest fees and trading costs," the report said.
"These university endowment funds are the most sophisticated investors in the tax-exempt sector," said Bruce Hopkins, an attorney for nonprofit organizations and a senior partner at Polsinelli Shugart. The larger endowments aggressive investment strategies, which include funneling money into overseas funds and domestic hedge funds "is very much the same as what a commercial enterprise does with its money, only in this case, it's not taxed," he said. Indeed, 82 percent of large academic institutions reported making foreign investments through their endowments. Large universities are more prone to make risky, aggressive investments because, unlike private foundations which are required to pay out 5 percent of their endowment assets each year, universities don't have that requirement, he said.
"They [universities] should ask themselves whether offshore investments are an appropriate use of endowment funds and whether those funds would be better used by making tuition more affordable for students," said Sen. Charles Grassley, R-Iowa, in a statement to The Fiscal Times. Grassley has accused universities of hoarding too much of their endowment funds, rather than using it to spend on scholarships and tuition assistance. "Taxpayers and students deserve to understand what they're getting in return for the tax benefits awarded to these institutions," he said in a January 2011 statement.
According to Hopkins, Congress could alter the law to mandate that if a university's asset base exceeds a certain amount they have to pay income tax. "But all the members of Congress have institutions they went to and look out for, and so far, colleges and universities have just not been picked on that way."
That's with good reason, according to higher education advocates and lobbyists. "Nonprofit colleges, by definition, have to put revenues toward public purposes. This is different from what companies do with profits," said Karin Johns, director of Tax Policy for the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities. "Where the private sector's mission is to generate profits and reward their shareholders, college endowments exist to support financial aid for students, support research and advance those institutions charitable mission," said Steven Bloom, Director of Federal Relations with the American Council on Education. "How would you tax university endowments in a way that would raise a significant amount of revenue without harming these institutions that are really a jewel in the crown of this country that generate educated students that build long-term economic growth and innovation? I don't see how you could."
While it's unclear how much revenue could be recouped by taxing universities investment profits, tax- exempt treatment of all nonprofit organizations costs the federal government $30.7 billion to $95.7 billion per year, and costs states between $26.4 billion and $46.4 billion per year, Congressional Research Service economist Jane Gravelle estimated this summer. States forego anywhere between 1.5 percent and 10 percent worth of the states' property tax collections each year because of charitable tax exemptions, which translates into higher property tax rates for homeowners and businesses, concluded a 2010 report from the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
The endowments at Boston College, Boston University, Brandeis, Dartmouth College, Harvard, and MIT—which collectively own $10.6 billion in tax-exempt real estate -- would owe $235 million per year in property taxes if they were not tax-exempt, according to a 2010 study from the Tellus Institute, which studies nonprofits. These institutions do pay voluntary payments to local governments to help offset the costs of using city services and land, called Payments in Lieu of Taxes, but they only amount to about 5 percent of that $235 million, the study found.
Athletics and bookstores are
examples of untaxed university
enterprises that deserve a second
look. "These are arguably commercial
enterprises that could be paying
income tax on profits but they don't"
"I would love to see Congress rewrite the rules so that when you have a nonprofit organization that is clearly in the business of making money they pay income tax," said Howard Gleckman, a resident fellow at the Tax Policy Center. "You think about the amount of dough that the academic institutions make investing, and I think there's probably some real money there."
All nonprofit organizations are required to pay tax on any income they earn that is deemed unrelated to their basis purpose, called the Unrelated Business Income Tax. But according to Gleckman, almost nobody pays it. He cites college athletics and bookstores as textbook examples of untaxed university enterprises that deserve a second look. "These are arguably commercial enterprises, and they could be paying income tax on profits they earn but they don't because they've hired their tax-deductible lobbyist that argued for one reason or another that this particular activity is intrinsic to the entity an should be tax-exempt," Says Gleckman.
But taxing universities is not without consequences. Increased taxes could lead universities to hike tuition or cut back on student aid, Gleckman said. And schools, like Harvard, say removing tax exemptions would erode the donor base. "If donors knew that the money they bequeathed to their alma mater would partially or fully be heading to the state, they would think twice before writing that check," said a 2009 piece by the Harvard editorial board. They were responding to a plan Massachusetts legislators pushed to levy a 2.5 percent annual tax on the portion of college endowments exceeding $1 billion. The plan was killed.
However, according to Smith College's Miller, universities' argument that taxing them more heavily will increase their costs is somewhat invalid. "If universities are giving the exact reasons that would apply to a business for why they shouldn't pay tax—that their costs will go up—then they're arguing no enterprise should pay taxes," he said. There's a valid economic case for taxing wealthy, successful schools more than you do business because those institutions are not likely to close down or move locations, he said. "The worst thing that can happen when you tax a business is that they close down or leave. There's no way Harvard, MIT, or Yale are going to leave the states they're in, or close down and risk alienating those localities let alone the faculty, students and alumni."
Treasury Rule Change Protects 'Dark Money' Donors
The U.S. Treasury said Monday that it will no longer require certain tax-exempt organizations to identify their donors...
Michelle Hirsch


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At The American Institute, we have innovated learning English by including dance as part of our activities. What does this have to do with English? Well, learning English should not just be in the four walls of the classroom. Speaking English should be taken beyond so that it becomes more natural. Our students become more confident when speaking English in a natural setting.
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Grandmother speaks out after 9-month-old grandson injured in Memphis mall shooting
"All we can do is just take it day by day and just pray he heals and everything pulls through," she said.
Credit: Chrissy Forman
Author: Rebecca Butcher
Published: 6:22 PM CST December 3, 2021
Updated: 6:22 PM CST December 3, 2021
MEMPHIS, Tenn. — A 9-month-old boy is still fighting for his life in the hospital after he was injured and his father was killed after they were shot at Oak Court Mall on November 20.
"I told my husband to come to get me from work and I told my son to go see was that his brother, and by the time I got up there it was my son and my grandson," recalled the shooting victim's mother, Jayson Hill.
It was a heartbreaking moment for Forman as two of the most important people in her life were shot in the parking lot while going Christmas shopping.
She spoke to her son shortly before she got the news Hill and son, Jaylen, had been shot.
Jayson was rushed to Regional One, where he died.
"He started working two jobs, he wanted to be the best father that he could be," she said.
During the shooting, Jaylen was shot five times, in the neck, hand, thigh cheek, and foot.
"All we can do is just take it day by day and just pray he heals and everything pulls through," said Forman. "He's not showing any sign that he's not going to pull through."
She said there's a long road ahead, where Jaylen will spend his first Christmas in the hospital.
Forman said the relationship between Jayson and Jaylen is unbreakable.
"They had a real special bond," she said. "He knew who his daddy was, he started saying "daddy" he even started calling him jay. So when he sees his picture now he lights up, or hear his voice, he knows his daddy's voice."
The grandmother is now thinking ahead to her grandson's life without his dad.
"It just hurts me that he's not going to feel the love that his daddy had for him. He's only going to hear about it."
Jaylen is expected to be released around June from the hospital.
Meanwhile, police are looking for a woman who is a person of interest in the homicide case. She was seen driving a silver car, possibly a Chevy Malibu.
If you have any information on the shooting, call 901-528-CASH.
Memphis Police identify suspect from deadly November shooting at Oak Court Mall
Second man wanted for August murder at car wash
Teen shot to death, two teenagers charged
Ransom Note | New plant's impact on Memphis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
MAGIC MASTS AND STURDY SHIPS
Welcome to Magic Masts and Sturdy Ships
Immigrant Engineer Joseph Van Blerck
The Fitzgeralds :Ships and Men
Great Lakes Captains
Captain John Miner: Savvy Sailor, Skillful Skater
Does Captain Byron Inman Haunt His Tug Record in Duluth Harbor?
Great Lakes Winds in the Rigging..
Chaplain John David Jones Preached on the Cleveland Waterfront >
Captain William Callaway Sailed a Milwaukee Schooner to Hamburg
Captain Delos Smith Says Rescues Are All in a Day's Work
Captain Robert Mayo Invents a Revolving Life Boat
Did Captain John McKay Float a Bottle Note as the Manistee Sank?
Captain Amos Foster Meets Admiral Porter and President Lincoln
Eber and Samuel Ward, Captains of the Great Lakes Shipping Industry
Captain Henry Woods, Muskegon's Traveled and Talented Lifesaver
The Maritime Mixed Blessings of Captain John Pridgeon
Captain George L. Thompson and the Pere Marquette 16
CQD, Captain Peter Kilty, and Pere Marquette Car Ferry No. 18
The Lake Michigan Steamer Alpena Sinks in a Monster October Storm
The Newly-Weds, a Winter Storm, and the Waubuno
Silver Islet - Mining Silver Under Lake Superior
Yankee John Murray vs. Conspirator Charles Cole - the Johnson's Island Plot
Ice Skater Benjamin Langford is Rescued from Lake Erie Ice
The Eastland/Wilmette Steamed a Wide Wake on the Great Lakes
Does Columbus Sail His Ships in Jackson Park Lagoon?
The Legend of Cape Maleas in Greece Transcends Time
Two Great Lakes Ships Still Make Ghostly Voyages on Lakes Superior and Michigan
The Ticonderoga's Haunted Blue Bell with the Bewitching Tone
The Last Voyage of the Slave Ship Martha Kane and Her Haunted Jolly Boat
The Poet and the Prisoners: Philip Freneau and the Revolutionary War Death Ships
A Thanksgiving Break in Lake Michigan Breakers
The Miami Canal Is Part of Toledo Maritime History >
Titanic Headlines, Titanic Questions
George Gordon Meade Built Lighthouses and Surveyed the Great Lakes Before the Civil War
President Abraham Lincoln Refused to Pardon Slave Trader Captain Nathaniel Gordon
President Grover Cleveland's Secret Surgery on the Steam Yacht Oneida
A Privateer Whaleboat Raid on a New Jersey Night
CSS Shenandoah, the First World Voyager Fires the Last Shot in the Civil War
The CSS Tallahassee - Terror of the Eastern Seaboard
The CSS Alabama's Canon is Home in Alabama
Thomas Adams Fought the Great Detroit Fire and Sailed with Captain Robert Hackett
A German U-Boat Sinks the Algonquin and Bombs America Into World War I
Two Rival Captains Challenge the Atlantic Ocean in Small Boats
Six Small Boys in a Lifeboat - The Story of the City of Benares
Veterans Stories - Charles Wedel
"I have One More Hour of Fuel"- Operation Frequent Wind and the USS Midway
The Thirteenth Voyage of the USS Northern Pacific
SS Orduna- Warrior, Troop Ship, and Stage for Human Drama
Operation Dynamo at Dunkirk is an Inspiring Maritime Historical Story
Christmas Parties on Captain Hiram Meeker's Floating Bethel
Colonel Lafourche Reported the Story of the Capture of Sam Ferrell's Mississippi River Pirate Gang
"Father Put Me in the Boat -" The Story of the Northfleet
Bill and Nell Lively Make Maritime History on Isle Royale
Captain James Byers Hijacks His Own Steamer and Rejoins the Union
Canadian and American Fishermen Fight a New Battle of Lake Erie
Sturdy Ships >
Ecorse Rowing Club History
A Bright Red Lightship, LV75, Guided Ships Across Lake St. Clair
The USS Michigan - the First Iron Ship of Her Age
The USS Yantic Enjoys a Sixty Year Career and a Home Birth on the Great Lakes
Gun Fight at the Cape Florida Lighthouse
The Coal Pirates of Cold Spring Harbor
Maria Bray Lights Up a Christmas Celebration on Thacher Island
The Steamship Pulaski's Passengers Survive Her Sinking and Fall in Love
Women Help Save the Crew of the Bark Martha P. Tucker >
Does Faithful Florence Martus Still Wave to Her Yankee Lover?
Captain Matthew Webb Challenged the English Channel and Niagara Falls
Lights Shine from St. Philips and Beverly Baptist Church Steeples
Lightkeeper Chase and His Crew Rescue the H.P. Kirkham and Its Crew
Major Archie Butt and His Titanic Gift >
Captain Harry Ward Cruised Gold Fields and Commanded a Slave Ship
Alfred Lord Tennyson and the River Witham - Re-Crossing the Bar
Imaginary Lenses: Great Lakes Lighthouse Fiction
Captain John Pridgeon Detroit Public Library
Captain John Pridgeon worked his way up on the Great Lakes from earning pennies to becoming a millionaire, but he suffered family tragedies along the way.His brothers Robert, Elijah and sister Charlotte all died tragically and Captain John had the responsibility of identifying their bodies. His two brothers Robert and Elijah died when the boiler in the tug that he owned, the W.K. Muir, exploded in the St. Clair River below Port Huron in September 1867. In March 1874, Captain John had to help bury his sister Charlotte after her lover William Thomas Underwood stabbed her to death in the doorway of her boarding house in Detroit.
Captain John Goes to Work on a Detroit River Scow
Captain John Pridgeon and his brothers and sisters were born in Lincolnshire, England. In 1840, the entire family immigrated to America and settled in Greenfield Township, near Detroit, Michigan. When he turned thirteen, John found work in Detroit as a teamster, driving the stage between Detroit and Mt. Clemens and working as a cook on a Detroit River scow, earning twelve dollars a month.
He drove teams during the winter and sailed in the summer for three years, and when John Robinson built the steamer Boston, John Pridgeon signed on as a deck sweeper and later was promoted to deck hand. That summer he sailed on the Boston for twelve dollars a month and worked in a livery stable during the winter. No matter how small his salary, he always put a portion aside for his future. His frugality laid the foundation for his future substantial fortune.
Captain John Pridgeon Joins the United States Navy
John Pridgeon's love of the sea grew right along with his years and when he turned eighteen, he traveled to New York and enlisted as an ordinary seaman in the United States Navy. He trained on the receiving ship North Carolina and then the Navy assigned him to the United States sloop Albany of the South Atlantic Squadron.
While serving on the Albany, John visited the West Indies, South America, and most of the other Southern ports. In 1851, the Albany sailed home carrying many of the American citizens who had taken part in the Cuban insurrection. The Spanish government had surrendered them to the United States authorities and John and his crew members guarded them and monitored their home coming. Captain John returned to Greenfield with $500 in his pocket, his savings from his three year cruise.
Captain John Pridgeon Sails the Great Lakes and Gets Married
Shortly after this, he came to Detroit and shipped on the small steamer Telegraph as a wheelsman. That winter he bought a team and a pair of bob sleds and worked in the lumber woods near Lexington, returning to Detroit at the end of the winter with a capital of $800. He continued this working pattern of teaming and sailing for two or three years until he totaled his net worth at about $3,000.
Eventually, he sold his horses, wagons, and tools and bought a little steamer, the United, the first steamboat he owned. He used the United to haul sand from Fort Wayne, which he used in the first paving ever done in Detroit. Along with his first steamer Captain Pridgeon acquired his first and last wife when he married Miss Emma Nicholson, the daughter of a Canadian farmer who lived about eight miles outside of Windsor. He brought his wife and small son, John Pridgeon, Jr., a baby still in his mother's arms, to live on the United.
Captain John Pridgeon Makes Money
Captain John Pridgeon cleared about $4,000 his first season on the United and about $3,500 the second. After three years, he sold the United for $4,000, leaving him with about $12,000 profit, including his home. The next season, Captain John bought the propeller Napoleon from Oliver Newberry for $6,000 cash and conducted a general towing business in the North Channel at St. Clair flats. After that, he sold the Napoleon and purchased the steamer Canada to use in the towing business. From 1866 to 1884, Captain John owned one of the largest fleets of tugs, steamers and sailing vessels at the Port of Detroit.
The Muir Explodes
On September 19, 1867, one of the tugs that Captain John owned, the W.K. Muir, had just taken up a tow consisting of the bark City of Buffalo and another vessel and was proceeding down the St. Clair River. When the Muir was about half a mile below the City of Port Huron, a sudden boom shattered the air. The boiler of the Muir, commanded by Captain Robert Pridgeon had exploded. Captain Robert Pridgeon; first officer Elijah Pridgeon; John Kirchean, first engineer; William Bampton, clerk and lookout; Jim and John the firemen, and Charlie, the cook, were killed.
Wounded were Thomas Daniels of Buffalo whose face was seriously scalded and bruised; Walter Cartwright with a severely injured spine; and Oscar Cartwright, wheelsman, with a foot and back injury. Michael McQueeny was wounded slightly in the foot and James Scofield, second engineer, had his feet scalded.
Captain William O'Neil of the tug Red Eric, went to the rescue of the wounded who were taken to the Larned House for care. The Muir was a total wreck and Captain John Pridgeon had carried no insurance on it.
Captain John Pridgeon Buries His Two Brothers and Identifies His Sister's Body
Immediately after hearing about the accident,Captain John Pridgeon left for the scene to find out the true facts of the case and to recover his brother's bodies. The bodies of Captain Robert Pridgeon and four others were recovered several miles downstream a few days later. Robert and Elijah Pridgeon were well known and had been connected with their brother, Captain John's tug, the Muir, for some time. They were both married and left families in the city.
Losing his two brothers on one of his own tugs was not the end of Captain Pridgeon's troubles. Next, he would have to identify the body of his sister Charlotte Pridgeon.
Seven years after he lost his two brothers on his tug, the Muir, Captain John Pridgeon helped the rest of his family identify the body of his sister Charlotte Pridgeon . A story in the Detroit News of March 7, 1874, revealed what had happened to Charlotte. The headline blared: "Fatal Flirting. Charlotte Pridgeon Tantalized Her Lover and Paid for it in Her Heart's Best Blood. A Sad Story of Woman's Folly and Man's Wrath."
Charlotte Pridgeon was Tall, Graceful, and Blonde
The News told the story of the murder of Charlotte Pridgeon, age 23 years, who had been boarding at Straight's for about a week. She was described as tall and graceful, with a handsome face and blonde hair and complexion, or as the newspaper story put it" when alive, her manner was engaging and pleasant, and with her prepossessing appearance made her a general favorite with the other sex."
William Thomas Underwood Stabs Charlotte Pridgeon to Death
The killer of Charlotte Pridgeon was William Thomas Underwood, a thirty-three-year-old Englishman, who was a sailor by trade and also worked in the Detroit ship yards. He came to the Straight house to see Charlotte at about seven o'clock the evening of the murder. They went for a stroll and after they returned to the house she said good night to him and rapped on the door.
At that point, Underwood pulled out a knife and ferociously stabbed Charlotte Pridgeon in the heart. A few seconds after she was stabbed, Mr. Straight opened the door and Charlotte staggered into the hall gasping, "I am dying. I am stabbed. That man killed me."
Mr. Straight caught her in his arms and her blood gushed out from the gaping wound, covering her dress and the carpet. She died in a few minutes. The Straight family and some visitors in the house screamed and shouted for the police. William told investigating officer Deitrich, "I have killed my love. Take me and lock me up."
William Testifies About his Courtship of Charlotte and His Ex-Wife in Cleveland
The coroner's jury returned a verdict that Charlotte Pridgeon had died from a wound inflicted with a knife wielded by William Thomas Underwood.The Detroit News devoted another story to the murderer. A native of London, England, Underwood had been in the United States for 14 years and had worked in several lake ports over the past ten years. He had been married and had lived in Cleveland, but he and his wife had separated because of his drinking.
The first time Underwood saw Charlotte Pridgeon was November 29, 1873. He was boarding at the home of her sister-in-law Mrs. Eliza Pridgeon and Charlotte had come to stay there. She had been keeping company with three or four young men, but according to Underwood, she dropped them to be with him. Underwood told Charlotte that he loved her on Christmas, and she agreed to go with him and give up everyone else. He said that Charlotte was always changing her boarding place, staying with one sister or sister-in-law and then another.
The News reporter asked him if Charlotte had found out about his wife in Cleveland. Underwood said that Charlotte had written to his wife in Cleveland and received the answer that the marriage was over. Underwood said that he and Charlotte were engaged, but then he discovered that she had gone out with another man. "I was out of my senses and I did not know what I was doing. My heart was nearly bursting and I could hardly see anything before my eyes. I am the murderer of my love," he told the News.
William Underwood is Acquitted
Underwood told the Detroit News reporters that all he wished was "to be laid in the same grave with her." Then he told his story. He had used a blade about five inches long, a knife like sailors generally used, to fatally stab Charlotte and he kept it in a sheath attached to a leather belt around his waist. At the police station were a number of letters addressed to Underwood from Miss Pridgeon in which she used the most affectionate terms such as "Dear Willie" and "Ever your Lottie."
William Thomas Underwood was charged with the murder of Lottie Pridgeon at Detroit by stabbing her. He admitted to the killing and seemed to have no possible provocation or excuse. Public sentiment was so strong and the press so against the prisoner that the judge presiding over the case expressed surprise that any defense should be attempted. The defense was emotional insanity and the prisoner was acquitted.
Captain John Survives Charlotte's Death and Continues to Make Money
There is no record of Captain John's reaction to the acquittal of the murderer of his sister, but he surely did not consider his sister's murder one of the positive parts of his life. On the other hand, his investments were almost always successful, and during the last years of his life he converted his business into a contracting business, disposing of ships when he could do so profitably. He operated his firm of John Pridgeon & Son, a large and lucrative vessel trade and he considered his son, John Jr., one of the most positive parts of his life.
Captain John Is Esteemed as Well as Wealthy
For eight years, Captain John served on the Board of Water Commissions of Detroit and while he served on the Board he helped make many improvements to the water works. His employers on the board cordially esteemed him and when his term of office expired he retired from public life with the respect and goodwill of his associates and of the public. He died on December 6, 1894, believing to the last that being a millionaire was a mixed blessing.
Farmer, Silas, History of Detroit and Michigan, 1889.
Cyclopedia of Michigan, New York and Detroit, Western Publishing and Engraving Company, 1890.
Mansfield, John B., History of the Great Lakes, Volume II, Chicago: J.H. Beers & Company, 1899
Rubenstein, Bruce and Ziewacz, Lawrence, Michigan: A History of the Great Lakes, Harlan Davidson, 4th Edition, 2008.
All of the material on this website is copyrighted. You are free to link to any of the articles and to download any of the PDF books to read and use as long as you credit me as the author. You can contact me at: kathywarnes@gmail.com
Photograph courtesy of the Ecorse, Michigan Rowing Club.


NB: This may not be a word-for-word transcript.
Gosh! I'm so overwhelmed! Thank you to everyone that has shared their story tonight and has contributed to what has been the most heart-warming moment of my year. Good evening!
Being a part of HeForShe for the last two years has been an incredible learning experience for me. There have been some really hard moments and a lot of amazing ones – ones I never could have imagined. The UN Secretary-General, the entire EU Commission, the NATO Secretary-General, the President of the International Olympic Committee, numerous heads of state and politicians from around the world, including those that you've heard from tonight, and everyone from Usain Bolt to Tom Hanks are now all HeForShe. We've crashed the UN website on multiple occasions – sorry about that! We have lit up the Empire State Building, seen HeForShe in Times Square, and made it a term in the Urban Dictionary. After two million media impressions, 1.1 million pledged HeForShes have made practical commitments, as have some of the world's leading universities and companies, to make gender equality a priority now in their work and within their communities.
Surprisingly though, it was during the hard moments that I made the best discoveries about what it means to be part of this movement. There is genuinely a spectrum of amazing feminists out there who have not only given me invaluable advice, but also broadened my perspective and reinforced my belief that we are all linked; we all belong to a long history of people who have made sacrifices, some groups much more than others, in order to make indefinably large contributions to our modern lives.
In the last two years, if I've learned anything, if they have shown me anything, it is that nothing – nothing – is impossible. And that's why tonight, as well as saying thank you from the bottom of my heart for all that you have done, I ask you to recommit yourself to be a part of gender equality. I genuinely feel that we are closer to a gender-equal world, and certainly closer than we were two years ago, and I know that each and every HeForShe has played such a huge part in that. I am proud to have been part of lots of amazing things in my life, but there is nothing that I am prouder of than being part of this.
Thank you so much. Have a wonderful night!


text:
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Hermann Cohen
Writings on Neo-Kantianism and Jewish Philosophy
Edited by Samuel Moyn and Robert S. Schine
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Hermann Cohen (1842–1918) was among the most accomplished Jewish philosophers of modern times—if not the single most significant. But his work has not yet received the attention it deserves. This newly translated collection of his writings—most of which are appearing in English for the first time—illuminates his achievements for student readers and rectifies lapses in his intellectual reception by prior generations. It presents chapters from Cohen's Ethics of Pure Will, conflicting interpretations of Cohen by Franz Rosenzweig and Alexander Altmann, and finally the eulogy to Cohen delivered at graveside by Ernst Cassirer. Containing full annotations and selections that concentrate both on the philosophical core of Cohen's writings and the politics of interpretation of his work at the time of his death and after, Hermann Cohen truly brings to light all of Cohen's accomplishments.
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275 pages | 6 x 9
Brandeis Library of Modern Jewish Thought
Philosophy: Philosophy of Religion
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"This new collection is a great gift for our time. Hermann Cohen was Germany's great philosopher of Judaism and champion of Kantian ethics at the turn of the twentieth century. He drew powerful affinities between Kant's moral philosophy and Jewish ethics, emphasizing how both point towards perpetual peace. In our divided world today, struggling for a universal ethics, Cohen's writings offer powerful reasons to hope and strive for a world of peace and wellbeing."
Jeffrey Sachs, Columbia University
"This superb anthology of texts by and about Hermann Cohen shows how confronting his work is indispensable to understanding still-vital controversies about the heritage of Enlightenment philosophy, the compatibility of Judaism and modernity and the challenge it faced with the rise of existentialism and the "new thinking." This landmark collection, brilliantly introduced and curated by Samuel Moyn and Robert Schine, is more than a sweeping reappraisal of a thinker who both revived Kant's project and modernized Jewish philosophy. It is a timely invitation--even a compelling summons--to pursue a path all but forgotten and yet of paramount importance for our own times."
Vivian Liska, University of Antwerp
"It is difficult to overstate the importance of the task undertaken by Moyn and Schine in this book. For the first time ever, key chapters in Ethik des reinen Willens are available in English. This volume also collects and translates major essays by Ernst Cassirer, Franz Rosenzweig, and Alexander Altmann that have done so much to shape Cohen's reception in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. With expert introductions and annotations, this book will be a landmark event in discussions of Cohen in the English-speaking world."
Robert Erlewine, Illinois Wesleyan University
"This is the most comprehensive collection of Hermann Cohen's writings currently available in English. Cohen's Introduction to the Ethics of Pure Will is a gem in its own right. It brilliantly testifies to the enduring importance of Cohen's ethics in its relation to religion and to law. The volume also features articles of Cohen on Kant and on the significance of Judaism for the progress of Religion. Cohen's legacy is attested by Ernst Cassirer in the first place, but also by Franz Rosenzweig, whose famous Introduction to Cohen's Jewish Writings appears here in full: a translation was long overdue. The volume will undoubtedly become an essential resource for those interested in nineteenth and twentieth century philosophy – and in modern Jewish thought."
Myriam Bienenstock, Université de Tours
Introduction, Note on Translation, Part 1: The Ethics of Pure Will, Introduction, God, Part 2: Essays, Internal Connections of Kantian Philosophy to Judaism, The Social Ideal in Plato and the Prophets, The Significance of Judaism for the Religious Progress of Humanity, Autonomy and Freedom, Part 3: Coda, Franz Rosenzweig, "Introduction to Hermann Cohen's Jewish Writings" (1924), Alexander Altmann, "Hermann Cohen's Concept of Correlation" (1962), Ernst Cassirer, "Hermann Cohen: Words Spoken at His Grave on April 7, 1919"


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From house to museum
Love, Museums and Inspiration. Orhan Pamuk's Museum of Innocence in Milan
The Museum of Innocence of the Nobel Prize winner Orhan Pamuk alights at the Bagatti Valsecchi Museum with an international exhibit he brings from Istanbul to Milan, together with the celebrated love story between Kemal and Füsun, the protagonists of his novel of the same name.
From January 19 to June 24, 2018, twenty-nine display cabinets will be at the historic house in via Gesù, thanks to the support of the Region of Lombardy. The very evocative images and objects recount the story of the two protagoists and bring to life the magic atmosphere of Istanbul in the 1970s and 1980s. The visit is enriched with video installations in which the voice of Orhan Pamuk, himself, recounts the sense of the extraordinary museum creation and illustrates the tie with the Bagatti Valsecchi Museum.
In Milan, the display cabinets will dialogue with the warm rooms of the historic house museum, a place that Kemal loved and frequented in the novel, The Museum of Innocence, of which he is the protagonist. In this way, the exhibit creates a "museum within a museum," giving life to a short-circuit Milan/Istanbul and reality/fiction in which the visitor walks in the footsteps of Kemal. Guiding the visitor like a golden thread is the act of collecting, in which the accent falls on objects of daily use and on their extraordinarily evocative capacity.
Conceived in close collaboration with the Innocence Foundation and Orhan Pamuk, the exhibit, Love, Museums and Inspiration. Orhan Pamuk's Museum of Innocence in Milan was curated by Lucia Pini and Laura Lombardi. The disposition of the cabinets from Istanbul was designed by Lissoni Associates. The exhibition was born out of the collaboration between the Bagatti Valsecchi Museum and the Academy of Fine Arts of Brera, with the support of the Region of Lombardy. The didactic material and the special guided visits were entrusted to the fresh and original outlook of the students of the academy.
Love, Museums, Inspiration. Orhan Pamuk's Museum of Innocence in Milan
Bagatti Valsecchi Museum, via Gesù 5 – Milan, Italy
January 19 – June 24, 2018
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The museum is closed during the following days:
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*For special activities, including but not limited to the workshops for children, guided visits and concerts, the cards of Musei Lombardia and/or the Circuit of the Historic House Museums are not valid.
Case Museo Card – Network of Historic House Museums of Milan*
Valid for one year, the card allows the title-holder one entrance into each of the four participating historic house museums: Museo Bagatti Valsecchi, Casa Boschi di Stefano, Villa Necchi Campiglio and Museo Poldi Pezzoli. For further information: http://casemuseo.it/en/
Costo Card: Ticket 20,00 € – Reduced Ticket** 10,00 €
**Employees of the City, the Region of Lombardy, FAI Members, the Friends of the Bagatti Valsecchi Museum and the Friends of the Poldi Pezzoli Museum, students under 26
Registration completed! Thank you


Funeral Services will be held at a 1:00 pm Mass of Christian Burial on Tuesday, October 1, 2013 in St. Alphonsus Catholic Church for Bernice Mire Viator, 93, who passed away on September 27, 2013 at 5:52 pm at Abbeville General Medical Center.
Reverend Mike Sucharski, S.V.D , Pastor of St. Joseph Catholic Church in Maurice, will be Celebrant of the Mass and will conduct the funeral services.
Burial will take place in St. Alphonsus Catholic Mausoleum.
Mrs. Bernice, a resident of Maurice, was the daughter of the late Ernest Mire and the former Alta Prejean.
She was preceded in death by her parents, one brother, Ivey Mire and one son in law, Dallas Landry.
The family requests that visiting hours be observed at Delhomme Funeral Home of Maurice on Monday, September 30, 2013 from 2:00 pm to 9:00 pm. A Rosary will be recited at 7:00 on Monday evening in the funeral home. Visiting hours will continue on Tuesday from 9:00 am until the time of service.
Pallbearers will be David K. Landry, Ernie Landry, Phillip Rene Huval, Reed James Huval, Dustin K. Landry and James Micheaud. Honorary pallbearer will be Kenneth L. Vincent.
Personal condolences may be sent to the Viator family at www.delhommefuneralhome.com.


Are you ready and eligible to become a U.S. Citizen? In Worcester: StartingJanuary 27, Catholic Charities is providing citizenship classes at St. Joan of Arc, 570 Lincoln Street, on Mondays 6 -8 PM, and at Catholic Charities, 10 Hammond Street, on Thursdays from 6 – 8 pm or Fridays from 9 – 11 am. Ongoing registration through February. For more information please call Maddy Hennessy at 508-860-2261 or email at mhennessy@ccworc.org.
In Milford: Starting January 30, Catholic Charities is providing citizenship classes at Milford Town Library, 80 Spruce Street, on Thursdays 6-8 PM. Ongoing registration through February. For more information please call Maddy Hennessy at 508 860 2261 or email at mhennessy@ccworc.org.


← I'll Take The Lord's Leftovers Any Day!
Time for One, Time for The One.
For the first time in a little more than a month, I have had the chance to take a deep breath. *Whew* Being at school, things start off slow & speed up a little around the beginning of October, but then they really take off beginning in November.
Now is when many people start to panic about those finals that are coming up at the end of the week. But because of that, classes have begun to cease (though the work increased) but that only means that I find myself outside of the class more and more often.
So with some free time now as I await treacherous and possibly killer exams, I was able to take a step back and evaluate all I've done so far. Albert Einstein said that time is relative. That means that when you're doing something you enjoy, time flies by & when you're taking a test or working, it moves by more slowly. However each hour takes 60 minutes to complete, each day must cycle through 24 hours.
That being the case, I was wondering why I was doing work and taking tests and time was STILL flying by! Time is always on my mind: Time for class, time for work, time for due dates, time for all projects that must be done & somewhere in there I must have time for lunch.
But in the midst of all that I must have time for, I also must have time for my Father. And this past semester and especially this past month has shown me just how much time I must make for Him.
Throughout these past few weeks, I have seen God's hand working through my life and circumstances so clearly as I've never seen before. And even though I've always known that He would provide my needs, I've seen Him working in ways that only HE can. I was thankful before last Thursday, but there's never anything wrong with taking the TIME to stop and pause. Shut out the sounds of laughter outside the window. Turn off the T.V. Put the phone on silent and actually just sit and listen and thank God by name for the things He's done. Once I started, I kept finding reason after reason after reason to be thankful for all His blessings.
My prayer is still that He will help me finish this semester out strong. Even though my body and mind are actively going these days with all the ripping and running and going here and there, my spirit is calm; I am at rest and I have peace and confidence that all the strength I need for the next two weeks will be provided for me, as will all I need from day to day.
3 Responses to Time for One, Time for The One.
This is a great blog. It spoke to me exactly as I needed today. Thank you Clare.
First of all, I PRAISE GOD for the time you took to share your heart on this blog! You've been SO busy this Sophomore year, and even though I've never said anything I've been praying that the Lord would give you enough space to see HIM working in your life and praise HIM for knowing YOU. I've also been praying that the Lord would give you silent time alone with Him in the midst of all you have to do. A parent wonders if the prayers they lament for their children are answered. When the answer comes to you from that child heart it's simply AMAZING….


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How Writing Off the Working Class Has Hurt the Mainstream Media
A 1951 Nieman Foundation conference on labor reporting tells us what we are missing in reporting today
Christopher R. Martin
@chrismartin100
Christopher R. Martin labor reporting
A United Auto Workers member works on a 2018 Ford F-150 truck being assembled at the Ford Rouge plant in Dearborn, Michigan in 2018 Carlos Osorio/AP Photo
This essay is adapted from Christopher R. Martin's 2019 book, "No Longer Newsworthy: How the Mainstream Media Abandoned the Working Class" (Cornell University Press).
In June 1951, the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard held a two-day conference for labor reporting. Louis Lyons, the curator of the Nieman Foundation at the time, introduced Louis Stark, the longtime New York Times Washington bureau labor reporter, as "the ringleader of the conference." Stark's work assembling the conference might have been an effort to ensure his legacy and the future of labor reporting, a beat he helped to foster. He started working at the New York Times in 1917, became a full-time labor reporter in 1924, won a Pulitzer Prize in 1942 for labor reporting, and left the beat in August 1951—just two months after the Nieman conference—to become a Times editorial writer.
There were 22 "newspapermen" listed in the Nieman Reports account of the conference. They all stayed in Mower Hall, one of the Harvard Yard dormitories, and took meals together at the Harvard Faculty Club.
The point of this first-time gathering of so many labor reporters, Stark said, was that labor reporting had come of age in the past 15 years, but "many still don't take labor news seriously" and the conference could "point the way." The emerging consensus of the conference was to have more labor reporting.
Labor reporter H. W. ("Hap") Ward of the Associated Press estimated "there are 23 [labor reporters] between here and St. Louis," and he argued for even more labor reporters: "There ought to be at least 200 labor reporters—at least part-time—because in every industrial town there is something in labor-management news and if the newspapers cannot see it to their advantage to cater to their readers, the wage earners, it is just too bad."
Unfortunately, within two decades of the labor reporting summit, the hopes of the attendees came undone. Today there are just six full-time labor reporters in the top 25 newspapers across the U.S., none in network or cable news, none at NPR or PBS, and just a few at digital news organizations and magazines on the left. What happened?
By the late 1960s and early 1970s, newspaper companies, then becoming publicly-traded, bigger chains, moved to a new business trajectory that changed the target news audience from mass to upscale, and altered the actual news narratives about the working class in US journalism.
Today, the upscale news audience is the normal objective of news organizations' marketing efforts. Nearly every mainstream news organization's media kit claims they have an above-average audience of high-income, highly-educated consumers and influencers.
As the labor beat was left to wither, newspapers pursued more upscale readers with workplace "lifestyle" columns featuring the lives of young professionals and their concerns about office gossip, job interview strategy, expense accounts, and office party etiquette.
Personal finance news also began its ascendancy in the 1970s. The focus was on individualism: people had to take care of themselves. Time Inc.'s launch of the magazine Money in 1972 helped to kick off a boom in personal finance stories, which assumed that every upscale reader had an investment portfolio.
Data on readership from 1967 to 1997 from the Newspaper Association of America reveal a sharp decline of the "downscale" readers the industry rejected. In 1967 readership rates among those who attended high school (but did not graduate) were not far from those who graduated from high school, attended college, or graduated from college: just an 11.3 percent difference across the educational spectrum. By 1977, the percentage difference in readership across levels of education grew to 19.2 percent, and to 22.9 percent by 1997. The growing disparity in newspaper readership was clearly caused by a much greater decline in readership levels in those whose education level did not reach graduation from college. Ironically, if newspapers wanted to build their circulation, their largest populations of readers (and potential readers) were in the categories with lower educational attainment: the same readers many newspapers had intentionally dismissed.
U.S. adults: average weekly newspaper readership education level, 1967–1997
Attend HS HS graduate Attend college College graduate
Year # % # % # % # %
1967 21,459 74.1 32,286 80.0 12,581 84.5 10,815 85.4
1997 8,921 44.3 37,827 58.6 23,647 60.5 13,639 67.2
Note: Numbers in thousands.
Source: Newspaper Association of America
The upscale focus of the news upset the status of labor unions and upended politics through the last third of the twentieth century and beyond. The mainstream news media's write-off of the working class set the conditions for the decline of labor and working class news and the rise of a deeply partisan conservative media that hailed the abandoned white, working-class audience. (Working-class women and people of color had no similar emergent news media platform to pursue them as an audience.) The right wing then attacked the upscale-focused mainstream news media as "elite" and ultimately as "the enemy of the people." Given this politicized media infrastructure, the "surprise" of a Donald Trump presidency seems much less of one.
This has left us with two problematic ways in which the news has covered the working class for the last several decades. First, the news media usually look at the working class only through the lens of a political news story, not through the lens of a labor or workplace story. Second, the news media typically consider the "working class" not in its entirety, but just in the stereotypical white male form, which nicely serves the purposes of divisive politicians who seek to exploit this image and divide working-class people on every other dimension: race, gender, sexual orientation, disability, and citizenship.
Yet the whole of the working class is hardly ever presented or imagined by the US news media. This is a nation of people with all kinds of collars. Service-sector jobs account for 80.3 percent of jobs; manufacturing, construction, and mining—the types of jobs Trump regularly cites for his economic objectives—make up only 12.6 percent, about the same percentage as health care and social assistance (part of the service sector), the fastest-growing employment category. People of all races, genders, and political persuasions inhabit the working class, and they exist as real people, not just occasionally visible and selectively cast props for presidential campaigns. But with few exceptions, America's working class is invisible, deemed no longer newsworthy.
My concern is about journalism's future as an inclusive social practice. Journalism critics Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel offer a moral compass in their indispensable book The Elements of Journalism: "If we think of journalism as social cartography, the map should include news of all our communities, not just those with attractive demographics or strong appeal to advertisers." Unfortunately, journalism's "map" for years has been exclusive, consigning working-class people and their communities to obscurity—a class-based redlining of the news audience, the same people Hap Ward would call their readers, the wage earners.
There are some steps that could be taken to make good on the idea of more reporting on labor and the working class. First, journalists are already taking one important action – unionizing themselves, which former New York Times labor reporter Steven Greenhouse reported earlier this year. Unionization helps to close the gap between journalists and the communities they cover, in which many of the citizens stand on similar economically precarious ground. Second, news media organizations need to cover the labor beat more expansively than just organized labor, or white male hardhats. Bill Serrin, the late New York Times labor reporter from 1979 to 1986, once told me the beat should be defined "as work. You cover work, you cover everything." Finally, if the mainstream news media want to talk to the working class, they need to find them, give them a voice, and include them in their audience (and not treat them as just a subject of anthropological investigation). This recommendation will likely be the hardest to do, since it requires reconsideration of the upscale consumer business model that has defined the news business for nearly 50 years. But, it may also be the answer to finding a bigger audience for American journalism at its sobering moment of crisis.
Why Newsrooms Are Unionizing Now
By Steven Greenhouse
The five-hour work day? She's got it covered: Financial Times columnist Pilita Clark, NF '97, takes on the modern workplace
By Pilita Clark
1994: The Old and Future Labor Beat
By Murray Seeger


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Stanford stuns Notre Dame 90-84 in regional semifinal
LEXINGTON, Ky. (AP) — Stanford's party crashers spoiled Notre Dame's bid for a sixth straight Final Four appearance.
Erica McCall scored a career-high 27 points and No. 4 seed Stanford stunned No. 1 seed Notre Dame 90-84 on Friday night in an NCAA Lexington Regional semifinal, snapping the Fighting Irish's 26-game winning streak.
"Our team felt pretty confident," McCall said. "I think we didn't have the pressure on us. We just went out there and had fun. That was the biggest thing."
Stanford (27-7) advanced to the regional final Sunday against No. 7 seed Washington, which upset No. 3 seed Kentucky 85-72 in the other semifinal. Stanford beat Washington at home during the regular season and lost to the Huskies in the Pac-12 Tournament.
McCall said Thursday that Stanford was embracing its underdog status. She talked about how some Stanford players were calling themselves "party crashers" because they wanted to "crash the party" by pulling an upset.
That's exactly what they did, thanks to a spectacular shooting display. Stanford shot 55.9 percent (33 of 59) overall and 55 percent (11 of 20) from 3-point range.
After trailing by as many as 15 points, Notre Dame (33-2) cut it to 81-78 on Madison Cable's basket with 2:05 left. Stanford's Karlie Samuelson, who scored 20 points, answered by banking in a 3-pointer from well behind the arc as the shot clock was expiring with 1:31 remaining.
"There was only one second left (on the shot clock), so I just threw it up there," Samuelson said. "It was a great three points to have — and a good time to have it."
Stanford stayed ahead by at least four the rest of the way and overcame Notre Dame's uncanny ability to win close games.
Before Friday, Notre Dame had won its last 27 games that had either been decided in single digits or had gone to overtime. The Fighting Irish hadn't lost a game by a single-digit margin since falling 63-54 to Connecticut in the 2012 Big East tournament.
"Normally you have to have the other team help you out when you're trying to come back," Notre Dame coach Muffet McGraw said. "They've got to miss some shots. We just couldn't get them to miss."
Notre Dame was one of two No. 1 seeds to fall on Friday. South Carolina lost 80-72 to Syracuse in a Sioux Falls Regional semifinal.
Lindsay Allen scored 20 points for Notre Dame. Brianna Turner added 16 points — all in the second half — and 10 rebounds. Cable had 12 points.
Kaylee Johnson had 17 points and 12 rebounds for Stanford. Lili Thompson and Marta Sniezek each added 11 points.
The two teams met in the Sweet 16 for a second straight year after Notre Dame beat the Cardinal 81-60 in last year's Oklahoma City Regional semifinal.
Notre Dame: Niele Ivey was selected Friday as the inaugural winner of the Women's Basketball Coaches Association Division I Assistant Coach of the Year Award. Ivey, who played on Notre Dame's 2001 national championship team, is in her ninth season on the Fighting Irish staff.
Stanford: The Cardinal shot for the highest percentage of any Notre Dame opponent all season. Before Friday, nobody had shot higher than 52.4 percent from the floor against Notre Dame.
PAC-12 POWER
The victories by Stanford and Washington in Lexington continued the Pac-12's impressive NCAA Tournament performance.
The Pac-12 advanced four teams to the regional semifinals this year for the first time ever. UCLA and Oregon State play Saturday.
With Washington and Stanford in a regional final, the Pac-12 is assured of having at least one team in the Final Four.
"I think we're showing the country that Pac-12 basketball is strong," McCall said.
Stanford faces No. 7 seed Washington in the Lexington Regional final Sunday.


Nathan Emmerich asks whether we should we presume consent to post-mortem organ donation in Northern Ireland and the UK as a whole?
Whilst the 5 years from 2007/08 to 2012/13 saw the number of postmortem organ donors rise by over 50% – meeting a target set out in the Organ Donation Taskforce Report of 2008 – the rate fell back by 3% in 2014/15, the first fall for 11 years. The publication of this data led, once again, to calls for NI, and the UK as a whole, to adopt an approach where consent to postmortem donation is presumed. This is the approach that will be implemented in Wales this December, following a decision by the National Assembly in 2013. As a devolved matter it is something that Northern Ireland could also pursue. Those who campaign for such a change suggest that it will increase the number of postmortem organ donors and, therefore, the number of lives that can be saved through the transplantation of organs.
Whilst this view is not unconvincing the evidence is not as clear as it might be. The problem is that it is difficult to compare directly the donation rates across different national contexts as factors other than the approach taken to consent can have an impact. The change in Wales offers an opportunity to get a clearer picture of this issue as, whilst other factors may be still be at play, any change in donation rates can be compared to those elsewhere in the UK with a greater degree of validity. However, it will be some time before the relevant data is available.
My own view is that such changes are unlikely to have a significant impact. The approach taken in Wales is one of a 'soft opt-out.' This means that in the absence of an officially registered view to the contrary, there will be a presumption that Welsh citizens consent to post-mortem organ donation. Nevertheless the families of potential donors will be able to object. This means that, regardless of any registered views, families may refuse their consent and prevent donation. Given that the alternative – a hard opt-out – means that families of dying patients may, in some cases, need to be forcibly removed from the bedside, allowing families a say in postmortem organ donation seems, despite the arguments of some, the only ethical approach.
However, considering the views of donor's families does not mean simply asking them for a decision. A significant part of the rise of UK donation rates can be attributed to the work of Specialist Nurses for Organ Donation (SN-OD). Employed by NHS Blood & Transplant (NHSBT) they work with clinical staff and, in particular, the Clinical Leads for Organ Donation (CL-OD) and endeavor to ensure all potential organ donors are properly identified. When such individuals are identified they are available on call in order that they might engage with families, guide them through the details of donation, and secure their consent. SN-ODs offer families a single point of contact with which they can discuss all aspects of donation and raise any concerns they might have. By offering patients a professional, sympathetic and available face SN-ODs do more than solicit a yes / no answer from families, they provide support by providing assurance throughout the process.
Some recent changes to the process of registering as an organ donor will, I think, help SN-ODs in their task. Somewhat ironically these result from the introduction of an opt-out system in Wales. The UK has a single Organ Donor Register (ODR) that, regardless of which of the four nations they live in, covers all citizens. The legislative changes that will imminently take effect in Wales has required NHSBT, the body that maintains the register, to update the way the register works. Until recently it only recorded positive decisions regarding organ donation. Now it also registers negative decisions. Whilst the portals offered by Organ Donation Scotland and Organ Donation NI do not yet offer this facility, those who live in these jurisdictions can register by using the NHSBT portal. One would hope that the other portals will be updated in due course and that healthcare professionals involved in organ donation will be able to make use of all the information held on the register.
Registering the views of those who do not wish to donate is a facility that should have been made available before Wales decided to move to an opt-out; it should be part of an opt-in ODR, or so I have argued. The reason I have argued for this point is that, following its introduction, SN-ODs can now assure families that a potential post-mortem organ donor has had the opportunity to register an objection but had not elected to do so. Prior to this option becoming available, SN-ODs could tell families that an individual had given their positive consent to organ donation but they could not provide any further information.
Of course it will be some time before this assurance can be considered meaningful – suggesting that NHSBT should publicize the fact that the ODR now records refusal to consent – nevertheless, will soon become legitimate for SN-ODs to tell families that nothing can be concluded about the view of those who do not appear on the ODR. Registering the fact that an individual does not wish to become a donor may remove some of the uncertainty felt by families, a feeling that may have led some to err on the side of caution.
Nevertheless registering the views of those who do not wish to donate their organs does not eliminate all the uncertainties families might feel nor does it eliminate the need to keep the public informed about the ODR or about the process of postmortem donation more generally. Such considerations indicate that NHSBT and SN-ODs will continue to have an important role in promoting and facilitating organ donation both through ongoing publicity campaigns and through engaging with families.
Is it still Legitimate to Presume Consent?
Moving to a system where consent is presumed does not eliminate the need for these activities. Indeed, an opt-out approach can be seen as increasing the need for ongoing publicity campaigns; a system of presumed consent must ensure the public is informed and thereby provided the opportunity to register their dissent. Furthermore, a recent – and continuing – facet of NHSBT's campaigns has been to encourage families to express and collectively discuss their wishes regarding postmortem organ donation. NI even has a day dedicated to having such discussions. Regardless of whether we have an opt-in or opt-out approach, it is important that we continue to promote such discussions as in either case family members can object to donation.
Maintaining respect for family objections also indicates that the role of SN-OD will remain vital if we are to continue in our attempts to increase – or even just maintain – current rates of donation. Again, presuming consent will not remove the need for SN-ODs. Given the perspective I have set out it is, at least to my mind, difficult to see how a 'soft' opt-out system can be expected to increase rates of donation, let alone do so significantly. Furthermore, given the widespread expectations that such a system would have the effect of increasing donations rates, it is possible that making such a move will be followed by a reduction in NHSBT resources for publicity and the work of SN-ODs. If the recent fall in donations rates can be attributed to the increasing pressure on the NHS and NHSBT, it would clearly be deeply counterproductive were that to happen.
Finally, given the recent debate regarding the Liverpool Care Pathway, we might think that the public are increasingly aware of not only postmortem organ donation but of issues at the end of life more generally. Indeed there are many who would like to see a greater – and more sophisticated – level of discussion and debate about care at the end of life. Whilst the public seems to be aware of organ donation in general, there is also a lack of awareness about the different pathways to donation. In the UK postmortem donation may occur following the cessation of cardiac, circulatory or respiratory function and not only following 'Brain Death', the declaration of death using neurological criteria.
Donation after Cardiac (or Circulatory) Death (DCD – sometimes called Non-Heart Beating Donation, or NHBD) is less common than Donation after Brain-stem Death (DBD) and the public is significantly less aware of the existence of this pathway. At the moment NHSBT provides relatively little information about these pathways, at least as part of the process of registering one's wishes regarding postmortem organ donation. This may need to change as the public becomes increasingly aware of and involved in decisions regarding the end of life care. Furthermore, it may be that some individuals are willing to donate under protocols for DBD but not DCD or vice versa. In addition the Organ Donation Taskforce recommended that Elective Ventilation be considered for reintroduction, an idea supported by others including the BMA. Although it does not apply in NI, the Metal Capacity Act (2005) has likely settled concerns about the legality of the practice, at least in England and Wales. It would be relatively simple to recommence treating potential donors in this way. If so it may be that existing information that is provided about postmortem organ donation needs to be expanded to include this topic. Doing so may result in some individuals declining their consent to be treated in such a manner.
These considerations not only indicate that the ODR might be in need of further revision but that we should reconsider if consent to donation can be validly presumed at all. If consent to donation is not simply a yes/ no binary, but a more complex matter, then what might the default presumption be? Presuming consent under complex conditions risks undermining public confidence in postmortem organ donation. If we are to maintain rates of donation these issues may need to become a matter of public discussion. Certainly more information should be made available to the public and, if appropriate, the relevant options may need to become part of the ODR. For these reasons, without further evidence for the potential of an opt-out register to significantly increase donation rates, both Northern Ireland and the UK as a whole should not adopt an opt-out approach to postmortem organ donation. Furthermore, if there is not a significant increase in donation rates attributable to the introduction of presumed consent, the Welsh Assembly may wish to reconsider its stance.
Nathan Emmerich is a Visiting Research Fellow at Queen's University Belfast.
The ageing population: who's picking up the bill for oral care?


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Bataan – prowincja na Filipinach, położona w środkowo-zachodniej części wyspy Luzon na półwyspie Bataan. Od zachodu granicę wyznacza Morze Południowochińskie, od północy prowincja Zambales, od wschodu prowincja Pampanga i Zatoka Manilska. Powierzchnia: 1372,98 km² Liczba ludności: 662 153 mieszkańców (2007). Gęstość zaludnienia wynosi 482,3 mieszk./km². Stolicą prowincji jest Balanga.

Zobacz też
 prowincje Filipin

Linki zewnętrzne
 Philippine Standard Geographic Code
 Philippine Census Information

Prowincje Filipin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Scoliosis is a medical condition in which a person's spine is curved from side to side. Although it is a complex three-dimensional deformity, on an x-ray, viewed from the rear, the spine of an individual with a typical scoliosis may look more like an "S" or a "C" than a straight line. It is typically classified as either congenital (caused by vertebral anomalies present at birth), idiopathic (cause unknown, sub-classified as infantile, juvenile, adolescent, or adult according to when onset occurred) or neuromuscular (having developed as a secondary symptom of another condition, such as spina bifida, cerebral palsy, spinal muscular atrophy or physical trauma).
Click here to find out more about Scoliosis from Scoliosis Research Society website.


If you need a roofing contractor in Boerne, TX, count on the company that has reliably supplied unparalleled workmanship since its foundation in 2004. We consider our stellar workmanship and first-rate customer service as the reasons we have become so accomplished. Because we remain devoted to our clientele, we accomplish projects in service of their best interests, and never advise unnecessary procedures. We are overall roofing experts, and supply a complete selection of services for both residential and commercial customers. At Malachi Consulting Roof Specialist, we serve every roof task through our skill, dependability, and clear communication.
As house roofers, we think our efforts as worthwhile and significant. Unlike many roofers who swiftly install roofing and move on to the subsequent job, we are committed to our customers. We've erected our business on return customers and word-of-mouth, and always desire to add to our community of happy customers. We encourage this development with direct communication, transparency, and reliability. We have a wide variety of roofing materials for which we have extensive expertise. As for emergency roof repair, we're steadily available when you require us with expediency. We are available at all times at (512) 520-0523, so feel free to phone with questions or requests for work from the leading residential roofing contractor in Boerne, TX.
Our work as residential roofers supplies a full assortment of services for any house. We do installs and repairs, and also roof replacement, flashing work, fascia and soffit repair, and more. To supply for the complete service of your exterior, we also install and repair siding, gutters, and skylights. So as to provide exceptional value across all of our services, we always emphasize steady and reliable workmanship.
Roof Repair Company Should you need a reliable supplier for any types of roofing work, pick us.
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Premium Roof Systems Our range of premium roofing numbers refined selections like tile and slate.
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Our expertise with commercial roofs distinguishes us among other roofers. From small enterprises, to shopping centers and factories, we do thorough, exacting service. Regardless of the intricacy of your roof or structure, we will complete work that offers a premier value on your expense. Our install work can dependably provide you the optimal return on your investment.
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Commercial Roof Repair We can accomplish practically any commercial roof repair.
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Green Roofing Green roofing could refer to roofing systems comprised of living plants.
Commercial Roof Installation To understand the total abilities of your roofing system, go with a skilled team for installation.
Commercial Roof Replacement Roof replacement is an intensive procedure that benefits a great deal from our experience.
Commercial Roof Consultant We can guide you toward the right selections to save resources and receive a resilient roof.
To understand the full range of a metal roof's benefits, choose an install from our company. A metal roofing system can serve you reliably for several decades. Since we offer a full range of commercial and residential metal roofing systems, the one you pick can ideally defend your structure.
Standing Seam Metal Roof If you want a roof that resists moisture, you can't outmatch a standing seam metal roof.
Steel Roofing A zinc coat makes steel roofs resilient against deterioration.
Aluminum Roofing Aluminum possesses a lot of positive traits that leave it a superior roof material.
Stone Coated Steel This roof material is ideal for those who dislike the appearance of metal.
Corrugated Metal Typically associated with older roofing installations, corrugated metal has received several enhancement throughout the decades.
Metal Shingles Metal shingles provide a compelling choice with the benefits of metal and appearance of shingles.
Residential Metal Roofing Homes benefit a good amount from metal roofing systems.
Commercial Metal Roofing A trustworthy option for commercial use, metal provides excellent durability.
Our roofing restoration services will cover every contingency. To forego replacement and extend the life of your roofing system, go with our restoration services. Unlike some roofers, we consistently weight the usefulness of roof restoration. Call our team soon if your roof is old or damaged. You only have a limited window to phone us, however, as roofing systems will rapidly decay past the availability of restoration.
Silicone Roof Coating Coatings of silicone endow your roof with premier resistance to water.
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Aside from our typical offerings, we additionally supply emergency roof repair, and can assist you through an insurance claim. Even though storms can perform serious damage, we can do serious repairs. For continuous damages and repairs that should not be delayed, contact our team whenever for our emergency roof repair. If you need to submit an insurance claim, you can count on our aid throughout the process. For any job that may come up, we are the area roofing professional to choose.
You can get in touch with our stellar team anytime you'd like at (512) 520-0523 to submit questions or schedule a consultation. As a dependable roofing contractor in Boerne, TX, we want to be your top choice for repairs and installations.


Friday 20 January 2017: BT announces a breakdown of all price hikes which will affect all BT broadband and TV customers in the UK.
"Customers should remember that under current rules, in the event of a price hike, they have the right to switch out of their contract free of charge. As a BT customer you do get a vote in this – but it's a vote with your feet."


Idan's Mission Planning System is a combat-proven mission planning platform for the military, homeland security and law-enforcement agencies. Complete with its unique image analysis capabilities and a suite of mission planning tools, IMPS™ transforms visual and geographical data into accurate, meaningful, and actionable visual intelligence.
Oblivision Online™ - a play on the words "Oblique" and "Vision" - is a unique, patent pending image handling and analysis tool, designed to combine the benefits of orthophoto with the rich detail of oblique photos. With its 360° view of the targeted area, Oblivision Online ™ facilitates in transforming visual data into accurate, meaningful, and actionable visual intelligence.
With ObliMapper you can instantly plan your drone flight, to capture oblique images. ObliMapper can publish the images on the web, view images from four directions, perform accurate measurements, get accurate XYZ coordinates, perform terrain analysis, view your GIS data etc. ObliMapper can automatically creates 3D products: 3D model, DSM and Orthophoto.
Idan computers is distributer of software in Israel.


I recently finished an amazing design project with Tiffany & Co! I am so thankful to have gotten this opportunity and i've been keeping my mouth shut about it until now! I did a bunch of lettering for this season's campaign. It's a weird feeling to see my handwriting on their websitehaha! Oh, and I also did about five different translations (French, German, Spanish, Italian, & French Canadian), so be sure to check out their other international sites, here!
Tiffany & Co. also set up this awesome facebook app page! It's so cute and interactive! Thanks for letting me share this with you all! I really had a lot of fun doing this project and I thank Tiffany & Co. for giving me this great opportunity! You can see more in my portfolio!


The seaside city of Tiberias was founded around 20 A.D., and today boasts a population of about 42,000. Photo Credit: Benjamin Mack.
Immediately taking a left, we came to a large rotunda, at the center of which was a shrine built around what was believed to be the tomb itself. A massive queue of pilgrims naturally snaked around it like an anaconda choking its prey, while black-robed monks with massive beards — the size of which put lumberjacks to shame — patrolled the periphery, chanting in baritone Latin. The sound reverberated from the walls, the ceiling, and the innumerable columns of the upper portion of the rotunda, creating a haunting maelstrom of sound that gave the listener goose bumps while causing the hairs on the back of the neck to stand on end. Who'd have thought visiting such a sacred place would be so frightening?
After nearly an hour of waiting, we were finally at the front of the queue. "Come," a large monk sporting a dark brown ponytail instructed. We entered single-file, each step bringing us closer to a spot many Christians spend an entire lifetime attempting to reach. The smell of incense was so overpowering it made me dizzy.
The interior of the shrine, known as the Aedicule, was more like an overly cramped grotto than anything else. Candlelight provided illumination in here, too, reflecting off the walls in orange-red brilliance that seemed somehow more intense than normal candle flames. A single monk greeted us inside, ushering us to duck under a rough stone archway.
And suddenly, there we were. The inner chamber was claustrophobically small — large enough for three or four people at maximum — and unadorned save for a small stone shelf upon which were a few candles and an icon of Christ. But the meaning couldn't have been clearer: this was the shelf upon which Jesus' body had supposedly laid. It was almost as smooth as marble — another byproduct, no doubt, of centuries of ardent worship — and completely dust and grime-free. The two Eastern Orthodox women with covered heads next to us immediately sank to their knees, kissing the bench with an ardent fervor I'd never seen anywhere; it was likely that, for them, this was the most powerful religious experience of their lives.
I too felt something. Whether it was a religious epiphany, or simply being caught up in the general mood shared by everyone else, I didn't know. But for some reason, I also kissed it.
The rest of the afternoon was less spiritual. Meeting up with our German friends/hosts again, we scarfed down some more falafel near Jaffa Road, the commercial heart of the Israeli capital. Slathered with enough hummus to paint a wall, I was left wondering a simple question: why couldn't falafel be this good back home in Berlin?
As anyone knows, the Holy Land is far more than a single disputed city. Learning more about that was our order of business the next day, as we headed through the Dead Sea region and up to the Sea of Galilee, the area where Jesus was said to have lived and performed many miracles.
Waking just after morning prayers that could be heard emanating from the towering minarets of multiple mosques not far from the flat where we were staying, our journey began at the Jerusalem Central Bus Station. Known in Hebrew as HaTahanah HaMerkazit Shel Yerushalayim, the colloquially-known "CBS" is the main bus station in Jerusalem and one of the busiest in the country. Located on Jaffa Road, it serves multiple routes, including Egged, Superbus and Dan intercity routes. In October 2013, the Environmental Protection Ministry declared the indoor garage where passengers enter and exit the buses to be "an excessively polluted space and an endangerment to public health," after previously fining the station over 700,000 shekels for air pollution in 2012. Navigating the bustling shopping mall within that reminded me of the central bus terminal I'd once spent time at in Ankara, Turkey. Weaving our way through the plethora of fresh-faced soldiers who couldn't have been a day above 20-years-old sporting Uzis and M-16 assault rifles (the station is a favorite target for bombings and other acts of terror), we departed platform 21 on bus number 966, off to one of the lowest bodies of water on earth.
A hilly desert landscape formed between 23.8 and 5.3 million years ago — known as the Jordan Rift Valley — passed by as we sat in conditions that could be described as comfortable, depending on one's perspective. Our green Egged bus — named for a cooperative owned by its members, the largest transit company in Israel that employs over 6,000 workers with a fleet of nearly 2,900 buses that make more than 25,000 trips a day — was nearly completely full, and we were among a very small minority of passengers who were not wearing olive military uniforms or carrying guns. The sight of so many men and women carrying (presumably) loaded weapons on what was supposed to be a public trip to a restive area was just slightly disconcerting.
Israel may be a land fraught with conflict both internally (the legal status of Palestine and human rights issues) and externally (frequent wars with neighboring countries), but the area around the Sea of Galilee is known for its numerous holiday resorts catering to beachgoers, sun-seekers, and pilgrims following the so-called "Jesus Trail" that traces 40 miles (65 kilometers) of terrain where Jesus may have walked with his disciples. The sparsely vegetated hills surrounding the wine-dark waters reminded me of the eastern Oregon and southern Idaho high desert, a brutalist environment where only the hardiest people, plants and animals can survive.
But the similarities to the Western United States ended as soon as we exited at the route's terminus in Tiberias, a seaside city of about 42,000 dating to around 20 A.D. One of Judaism's four holiest cities and boasting numerous hot springs believed to cure skin conditions and other similar dermatological ailments, the city along the Sea of Galilee's western shore has seen armies as diverse as the Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Crusaders, Ottomans and British occupy its cobblestone streets. Churches, mosques and synagogues all dot the seashore, almost like a mini-Jerusalem with more water and less people with guns standing around.
As any travelers who have trekked through the desert might do, we immediately made a beeline from the bus station and barreled down the boardwalk — barely remembering to pay the bus driver the 44 shekels ($12.64; 9.23 euros) one-way fare — to the sea. The water was even cooler than expected, a frigidity to be expected in, say, the Baltic Sea, but not a place where summer temperatures regularly exceed 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius). It also stunk, a decomposing aroma akin to something that had been rotting for several days.
But we didn't let the numbness or foul odor dampen our spirits. After all, when would we be in such a place again? America had a history dating back a few hundred years, but this place had millennia of human habitation to fall back on.
Speaking of millennia, we soon decided to sample food that's been consumed by Tiberias' residents and visitors for that long time span: fish. Unsurprisingly, the city has a plethora of establishments specializing in aquatic fare, and we settled on a seafood joint along the boardwalk offering unobstructed views of the sea and its far shore. All four gospels of the New Testament recount the story of Jesus feeding a crowd of 5,000 men (not including women and children) with just five loaves of bread and two fish in the vicinity of Tiberias, leaving us feeling just a bit selfish as we split a single baked tilapia (also known as St. Peter's fish), potatoes, salad, and pita bread with hummus. Puffy clouds passing by overhead — spurred on, perhaps, by a light breeze that also mercifully expelled the decomposition smell from earlier — the white flesh of the fish had a melt-in-your-mouth quality not to be found at chain restaurants or eateries. Had the chef personally caught this particular fish only hours before, waiting until our arrival to sear it on a pan? It was a possibility, anyway.
Regardless of its precise origins, the fish was delicious. All the hardship in getting to the Holy Land, the chaos of Jerusalem itself — all of it fizzled away in the serenity of the moment. Preposterous as it sounded, we had found peace in the Middle East.
Look out for part two of Benjamin Mack's adventures in Israel and Palestine.


The installation from the Qubes 2.3 i3 installation documentation worked very well, no issues whatsoever. After logging in and back out I was greeted by my familiar desktop (or lack thereof) and was able to make some tweaks to the config file (an ~/.config/i3/config).... As a web-based chat client, KoolIM is fairly simple, but can certainly stand in for your favorite IM client when you aren't able to use it. Features support for AIM, MSN Messenger, Yahoo Messenger, Google Talk, ICQ, Jabber and Sametime.
WebRTC Browser Based Video Chat. WebRTC is an exciting new technology that makes it possible to create web applications that support real-time video, voice, and data.
19/04/2010 · Use the "WPF Application" template to create a project with the name "ChatGUI" inside a new solution named "Chat", as seen here: The WPF Application template will open to a GUI builder ("designer mode" view) of a file called MainWindow.xaml [see "XAML Overview" ].
Most web applications are based on the client-server architecture where the client enters information while the server stores and retrieves information. Internet mail is an example of this, with companies like Google's Gmail and Microsoft's Outlook offering web-based email clients.
To help you with this a bit more, some more examples of coolest web application design are being provided here. These consist of Admin Panel Template, GrooveShark, TodoTweet, CoTweet, Aviary: Phoenix, 280 Slides, MyClientBase, Pixlr, Tachyon HTML5 Admin Template, BuySellAds, Kuler, Peepnote, Artician, Cleanity and Postmark.


The Jinhai Kaiyuan Mingdu Hotel (Jinhai Kaiyuan Mingdu Dajiudian) is a business hotel located on Jichang Road in downtown Panzhihua.
Position slightly, and hotel taxis waiting for you at any time, service satisfaction, hardware satisfaction!
Very good, very comfortable! key health very good!
Five-star must not reach, services in General, the most disgusting in the evening hotel lobbies and elevators full of drunken Han! Hotel KTV and the elevator of the hotel business and channels are separated!
New hotel, location on top of the mountain, driving matter, otherwise say, quiet, environment good, Interior bed bathroom good, breakfast good, Chinese food is good, entertaining friends and guests on the tall. second stay at. to panzhihua preferred later, hope it will not disappoint.
Very comfortable hotel, facilities improved! halfway back, continue to live.
Husband sister family booked this hotel for the first time, the key is near from my house, very convenient. rooms a bit small, the bathroom will also, but in panzhihua is also very good, service was OK.
4.0 is the best hotel in panzhihua! available! Executive Deluxe room without any corresponding services! breakfast very average,!
Fancy hotels in panzhihua as well, very good choice!
Hotel is located in the panzhihua Airport Road, high hardware configuration, it should be possible to five-star standard; built around, and relatively noisy environment; level and quality of service to further improve air drying in panzhihua, guests at the hotel humidifier is configured, staying still send fruit breakfast is very rich, evening buffet is also good.
Not too much evaluation, hotel is the best in panzhihua, services boast! really needs to be improved, hardware, software is so bad won't want to stay!
Panzhihua is finally to have a five-star hotel, outdoor parking to the hotel's elevator door too early, it is not convenient. reception service should strengthen and improve.
Yes, very comfortable, upscale, breakfast was nice!
Very good in all aspects, and guest satisfaction.
Rooms at many times, the feeling is very good. will be admitted in the future, in the best hotels in panzhihua city. the surrounding environment is quiet, next to no shopping malls and restaurants, not convenient.
Best hotels in panzhihua, passable!
Very good. 480 could live in such five-star hotel too value. beyond expectation! five praise!
Slightly worse, panzhihua city but not quite, went out to various places are not far. Hotel hardware is very good, service can, breakfast very good. the price ratio is very high.
Should be regarded as one of the best hotels in panzhihua, nice!


Think of a document management (or file management) system as an electronic filing cabinet. It's going to be a lot more efficient than those filing cabinets of old. Your team of employees and partners will be able to use this as an extremely helpful document management solution. Document management is the process of handling your important documents so that they can be shared and stored, as well as organized and created, appropriately and efficiently.
One challenge businesses often face is that they underestimate their need for document management solutions. As businesses grown and become more dependent on electronics, our accumulation of PDFs, JPEGs, Words Docs, etc is also increasing. Businesses need to take advantage of any opportunity to optimize their ability to manage their own documents. Your business depends on information, but can your employees and partners find that info they need, when they need it?
It's a critical tool your business needs to utilize so that your documents can be easily found. At Active Data Systems, we understand the crucial need for your business to have the advantage of a paperless office. It's important for small business and large corporations. We create a document management plan and make sure that it's understandable, easy to implement and usable for your employees.
Many factors can push a business towards going paperless, aside from increased efficiency. Governmental regulation is compelling many industries to go paperless. Technology is becoming more affordable, as well, so transitioning to a paperless future is becoming easier and more cost effective. Some in the medical field are being required to store digital copies of all their files.
With technology changing rapidly, you can rest assured that Active Data Systems has the expertise and experience to safely store your data and offer you the latest document management solutions to keep your documents secured.
This also does a great deal for your customer satisfaction. With your team able to access the right information in a timely fashion, customer issues will resolve themselves more efficiently with a higher rate of success on the first try. We strive to provide a solution for your document management needs that's easy for your team to actually use.
We can set you up with an archiving, workflow and backup system that will be key as you need to store, share and retrieve your documents. Seventy percent of all companies that suffer a major data loss go out of business within a year. Loss of documents and databases, as well as important customer information can be a disaster for your company. We can help you avoid that disaster by implementing a plan crafted for your needs.
Imagine if you lost accounting data or billing lists. Trying to rebuild your business with just a few contacts stored in your smart phone is not a smart strategy. Avoid these devastating consequences by helping us manage your important documents. Whether you're using a computer system, an in-house server or the cloud, we make sure your electronic files are safe and secure.
A document management solution that can help your business is scanning your documents. We can convert your documents into digital file formats that can be stored, retrieved, tracked and managed from any computer or mobile device. Scanning can help free up your physical office space. You don't have to store docs in your own office space, thus reducing your overhead costs. Scanning protects your important documents from natural disasters and office accidents. All your team members will be able to instantly access your documents and collaborate on a plan to use them in real time.
One of our managers will meet with you to assess your needs – they'll take your business and its goals into accounts as we develop a plan on how best to manage your documents.
What Is a Document Management System and How Does It Work?
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