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Fiat Money: Definition, Examples, Pros & Cons
Written by Paul Boyce Posted in Money Supply
What is Fiat Money
Examples of Fiat Money
Characteristics of Fiat Money
Fiat vs Representative Money
Fiat Money FAQs
Written by Paul Boyce Posted in Macroeconomics > Money Supply
Fiat money is a currency whereby its value comes from government decree. This is because government grants it legal authority for consumers to use this as legal tender, but also for businesses to accept it. On its own, fiat money has little value.
The term 'fiat' is 'a formal authorization or proposition; a decree.' So fiat money, is a type of money that is given value purely by an official law or order. Its true value lies in the trust that people place in it. For example, if consumers and businesses don't trust in it as a store of value, then businesses would not accept it as a medium of exchange. It is only because people know others will accept it in exchange for goods that it maintains its value.
Fiat money is a type of currency which derives its value through government decree.
Once the public loses trust in fiat money, it can significantly impact the economy. For instance the overproduction of fiat money in the German Weimar Republic led to hyper-inflation.
Central banks generally control the supply of fiat money, but this was historically under the power of domestic governments.
Although government grants much of its value, fiat money would be worthless if consumers don't trust it. For instance, a number of African governments such as Zimbabwe have been known to print an excessive amount of money, thereby creating hyperinflation. New money floods the economy, thereby deflating its true value. This erodes people's trust in the government's ability to maintain its value.
This can encourage excessive levels of consumption as consumers don't want to keep hold of cash for long in case it loses value. What this does is harm economic growth as it shifts capital away from savings and investment and towards immediate consumption. Consumers would rather spend the money and have something to show for it rather than let inflation destroy their savings.
Fiat Money Examples
In todays day and age, almost every country adopts fiat money as its currency. The only exception is Lebanon, which operates a form of the gold standard. Yet every other nation has adopted fiat money as its currency. Some examples include:
The European Central Bank (ECB) controls the Euro and is the official currency of 19 countries within the European Union. The Euro is fiat money because it is not exchangeable for anything other than the value of goods. In other words, it has no value other than its use as a medium of exchange.
The Federal Reserve controls the supply of the US dollar and is the official currency of all 50 US states. Whilst the US dollar has been around for centuries, it only recently became fiat money. Up until 1971, holders of the US dollar could readily exchange it for gold. It was only in August 1971 that President Nixon subsequently cut its ties with gold, in what was to become known as the 'Nixon Shock'.
In the years after the Nixon shock, the US adopted a floating exchange rate and became the first country to adopt a true fiat money. In turn, the monetary system of the world changed. It brought about the natural evolution of money, with other nations following suit.
Great British Pound
The Central Bank of England controls the supply of the Great British Pound (GBP) and is the currency of all four nations in the British Isles: England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. The UK abandoned the gold standard in 1931, yet was not a fiat currency. This was because it still had ties to gold.
Although the UK cut its ties to gold, it was still intrinsically linked to it through the Bretton Woods agreement of 1944. Rather than being backed by gold directly, it was pegged to the US dollar, which in turn, was backed by gold. The reason being was that the US had the largest gold reserves in the world and was on its way to becoming a global superpower. So the control of gold was essentially centralised in the US.
At the same time, the exchange rates between the US dollar and the Great British Pound were fixed. So it was still backed by gold in all but name. Holders of the Great British Pound would have to exchange the currency for a US Dollar and then again to gold. Yet this came to an end due to the 'Nixon Shock' which ended the US and consequently the UK's indirect tie to gold.
1. No Intrinsic Value
Fiat money has no intrinsic value, which means that by itself, it's worthless. By contrast, commodity money has an underlying value which comes from the commodity itself. For instance, gold has other uses other than money and therefore, has an intrinsic value. However, fiat money has only one use and one use only – to act as a currency.
2. Value linked to Trust
Commodity money has an underlying value, so the average consumer knows that even if Mr A doesn't accept it, then Mr B will. For instance, gold has historically held significant value due to its rarity – which is seen as a status symbol of power and wealth. By contrast, however, fiat money derives its value through people's trust in its value and willingness to accept it.
If consumers did not have confidence in the fact that other people would accept it, the currency would have no value. If the average consumer knew Walmart would accept the currency, there would be a level of trust placed in it. However, fiat money falls apart when people start to refuse it as a medium of exchange. As it is legal tender, it means businesses such as Walmart have to accept it and therefore, enshrines peoples trust in it.
3. Backed by Government
Fiat money is only a fiat money if it is backed by government. Without government approval, it is not 'fiat' – which is defined as formal authorisation. In other words, it is 'legal tender'. This could also be applied to other forms of money that government chooses to use. However, with fiat money, it is a defining trait as this is the main source of its value.
Businesses are legally required to accept fiat money, which helps establish consumers trust in its value. This is because consumers can trust the fact that they can go to their nearest store and exchange it for goods and services. If businesses don't accept it, they can be subject to legal action.
4. Unlimited Supply
Technically, the supply of fiat money is endless. Central banks can 'print' an almost infinite amount – perhaps only being restricted by the amount of paper it requires. For instance, we only need to look at Venezuela as an example. Its currency, the Bolivar Fuerte, replaced the original Bolivar, but inflation still increased by thousands. This is because there are no clear restrictions on how much the government can or cannot print.
Fiat Money vs Representative Money
It is very easy to confuse fiat money and representative money. Both can be paper money such as the US dollar, and both have no value in and of itself. However, there is a key difference between the two.
Consumers that own representative money can exchange it for a commodity such as gold or silver. This is exactly what the US dollar did before the Bretton Woods agreement agreement ended in 1971. People were able to trade $35 for one ounce of gold. This meant that although the average US consumer exchanged pieces of paper (the US dollar), they could at any time redeem it for gold at the bank.
So representative money is similar to fiat money in that it is generally made of paper, but it represents a quantity of a commodity. This is in contrast to fiat money, which represents the value that people believe it is worth. In other words, how many goods or services does the consumer think $10 can buy.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Fiat Money
As the world is operating under a fiat currency, there must be some logical explanation of why we trade fiat money, which is essentially, worth pieces of paper? Some advantages of fiat money include:
There is no constraint on supply.
Low cost to produce.
Historically very stable when compared to other commodity currencies.
Too much production can create inflation.
Has little value outside its use as a currency.
Can create asset price bubbles.
1. Supply is Unlimited
Central Banks can produce as much money as they like and with the advancement of technology, they don't even have to print it anymore. This is both an advantage, and, if not controlled properly, a disadvantage. However, let's focus on it as an advantage.
The Central bank can produce Fiat money in any quantity. By contrast, gold, silver, or any other commodity is firstly limited by the number of laborers available to mine. And secondly, the limited nature of its existence.
If we look at what money essentially is; it represents the value of goods in the economy. So when money is traded, it represents the labor that went into it, as well as the value the consumer places in it. In turn, the amount of money in circulation has to increase alongside GDP and the number of goods and services in the economy.
If we look back to the Great Depression in 1929, the cause was linked to the decreasing supply of the US dollar when compared to the United States' economic growth. At the time, the US dollar was linked to gold, which partly explains why the Federal Reserve was reluctant to print more dollars. It was representative money, so if it printed too much, there wouldn't be enough gold to satisfy demand, particularly if there was a run on the banks.
This reluctance to print more money meant the money in circulation represented more and more goods each year. For instance, in a basic example economy, there is $1 million in circulation and 1,000 cars are made which represent this. That works out at $1,000 per car. However, in five years' time, there is still $1 million in circulation, but 2,000 cars are now made. As a result, prices adapt to represent the amount of money in circulation. So the price of cars declines to $500.
This has its own effect on the wider economy, but the restrictive nature of commodity or even representative money can mean its supply is unable to match economic output. As a result, this provides fiat money with an advantage.
2. Cheaper to Produce
Commodity money and representative money both require the extraction of a commodity. Whether it is gold, silver, or something else, it requires labor to extract it. This alone provides a huge and arguably unnecessary cost.
So you need someone to mine it, transport it, mould it where necessary, and then finally store it. All in all, it adds an extortionate cost to maintain its supply. By contrast, the cost of fiat money is almost nil. Whilst there is the cost of production for the paper, much of the transactions are being done online. So the need for that is also declining.
3. Stability
Fiat money brings stability, partially because of the previously mentioned advantages. As the money supply can react to increasing economic output, it is able to represent the goods available much more effectively. It is cheaper and easier to produce, so it can enter the market in a short period of time.
In addition, there are other factors to consider. For example, in times of crisis, people tend to hoard commodities such as gold or silver. Similarly, currencies that are back by such are more likely to face a run on the banks. The Depression of 1929 is a classic example.
What fiat money does is cut ties with commodity money and therefore reduce demand for such commodities. This creates a greater level of price stability as consumers are not so prone to store it.
For instance, the 2008 Financial Crisis was the worst economic recession since 1929. Yet, at the same time, prices remained relatively stable. In the US, inflation never reached more than 4 percent, nor did it fall below -1 percent. Quite extraordinary considering the scale of the economic crisis.
If we look back at 1929, when the US was on the gold standard, inflation declined by a cumulative total of over 28 percent in the three subsequent years. However, it must be said that the stability is largely reliant on the decisions made by the Central Banks, which can have more of an effect than the type of currency used.
1. Potential to Cause Inflation
With fiat money, Central Banks have the ability to create new money whenever. The issue with this is that sometimes the aim is not to control inflation, but to reduce unemployment and boost the economy. Unfortunately, Central Banks often over shoot and end up contributing to inflation. This is because it ends up printing money at a faster rate than the goods the economy is creating.
Fiat money is essentially paper notes. If shops did not accept a $20 bill, then it's worthless. So when the trust in government fades, so too does the trust in the ability for the currency to maintain its value. This can come around due to governments mismanagement of its finances whereby lenders start to question its ability to pay. This can therefore reduce the value of the currency, making owners worse off.
3. Asset Price Bubbles
When Central Banks print money, it doesn't always lead to inflation on everyday goods like butter and milk. Instead, the money often filters through to asset prices. This has been seen through the tech market booms, the house market booms, and the banking sector crash of 2009. When more fiat money is created than valued goods in the economy, it represents an excess of cash which eventually finds itself creating a bubble.
What is Fiat Money example?
Fiat money is used in virtually every country in the world. For example the US dollar is a fiat currency. This is because it is declared legal tender by the government as is not backed by a commodity.
Why is it called fiat money?
'Fiat' is defined as 'a formal authorization or proposition; a decree.' In turn, fiat money is essentially money that is authororised by government decree.
What are the advantages of fiat money?
One of the main advantages of fiat money is that the supply can be increased at any point to meet the demand of the economy.
Second of all, fiat money costs but a fraction to maintain when compared to other forms of money that rely on a commodity.
Third of all, it is relatively stable. At least under a compontent Central Banking system.
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text:
Callithrix geoffroyi är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Alexander von Humboldt 1812.  Callithrix geoffroyi ingår i släktet Callithrix och familjen kloapor. Inga underarter finns listade.

Utseende
Individerna blir cirka 20 cm långa (huvud och bål) och har en ungefär 29 cm lång svans. Honor väger omkring 190 gram och hannar väger i genomsnitt 360 gram. Regionen kring näsan och ögonen är mörk. Den omslutas på hjässan, på kinderna, på hakan och på strupen av vit päls. De långa tofsarna på öronen som är typiska för alla silkesapor är svarta. På bålen förekommer mörkgrå till svart päls med flera orangegula och vita fläckar på ovansidan samt brunaktig skugga på undersidan. Den svarta svansen har flera otydliga ljusa ringar.

Ungar saknar den vita kransen kring ansiktet och de svarta tofsarna på öronen. Dessa kännetecken är full utbildade efter cirka fem månader.

Utbredning
Denna silkesapa förekommer i östra Brasilien i delstaterna Bahia, Espírito Santo och Minas Gerais. Den introducerades av människan i delstaten Santa Catarina. Arten vistas i kulligt lågland och i låga bergstrakter. Habitatet utgörs av olika skogar och buskskogar.

Ekologi
Liksom hos andra kloapor bilder individerna flockar med cirka 5 till 15 medlemmar. Vanligen föder bara en hona i flocken ungar. Födan utgörs av olika växtdelar och naturgummi.

Callithrix geoffroyi når fram till naturgummi och trädens vätskor med hjälp av sina speciella framtänder som är konstruerade för att skrapa i trädens bark. Dessutom äter arten frukter, nektar, ryggradslösa djur och små ryggradsdjur. Flockens medlemmar är främst aktiva på dagen och de sover på natten i trädens håligheter eller gömda i täta bladansamlingar. Gruppen har ett revir som är upp till 5 hektar stort.

Efter parningen är honan 140 till 148 dagar dräktig och sedan föds vanligen tvillingar. Under de första två veckorna efter födelsen får även fadern delta i ungarnas uppfostring, till exempel genom att bära ungarna. Sedan är alla vuxna flockmedlemmar involverade i ungarnas vård. Ungarna diar sin mor 5 till 6 veckor. Cirka 15 till 18 månader efter födelsen blir ungarna könsmogna. Callithrix geoffroyi kan i naturen leva tio år. Den äldsta kända individen i fångenskap blev 17,6 år gammal.

Denna primat har flera naturliga fiender som rovlevande fåglar, större ormar och kattdjur.

Status
Arten hotas av skogsavverkningar i utbredningsområdet och dessutom fångas några ungar för att hålla de som sällskapsdjur. Trots dessa hot anses hela beståndet vara stabilt. Callithrix geoffroyi lever i olika nationalparker och i andra naturskyddsområden. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig (LC).

Källor

Externa länkar

Kloapor
geoffroyi
Däggdjur i neotropiska regionen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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A bicycle holder with smart and elegant design. Made of aluminium which fits all front forks including bicycles with disc brakes. Fork mounting is a very stable way of carrying bicycles with no risk of swaying or rattling.


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+ (instancetype)deferred {
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}

+ (instancetype)runWhenSubscribed:(void (^)(Deferred *))callback {
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    for (Subscription *s in subscriptions) {
        [s notify:partialResult];
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- (Deferred *)on:(NSOperationQueue *)queue run:(void (^)(Deferred *))run {
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Furman Sports Report
Game reviews, previews, notes and features about Furman University football, men's basketball and other sports. This blog exists as a way for me to continue to cover Furman athletics, which I did for several years for The Greenville News. Special thanks to Furman Sports Information for photo use and to original blog sponsor, Tommy's Country Ham House.
Defense lifts Paladins past ETSU
Furman's DiMarcus Clay returns an interception on ETSU's final offensive
play in the Paladins' 17-10 win Saturday. Photo courtesy of Furman
Furman coach Clay Hendrix said ETSU's defense would present the 15th-ranked Paladins with its stiffest challenge yet - outside of Virginia Tech. As it turns out, that wasn't just "coach speak." But on a day when the Buccaneers routinely locked up Furman's offense, the defense kept providing the bail money.
For the second week in a row, the Paladins defense held an opponent under 300 yards of total offense as Furman held on for a 17-10 win at Paladin Stadium Saturday. Furman (3-2) improves to 2-0 in the Southern Conference for the first time since 2011.
"I'm thrilled to get a victory. ... I told them it was going to be exactly like it was. I knew it was going to be a fight," Hendrix said. "Defensively, just a phenomenal job by our guys. They just continue to get better and better.
"You've gotta find a way to win games like that and good teams do."
After putting up 45 points and 600 yards of total offense in last Saturday's win over Mercer, Furman looked to pick up where it left off after receiving the opening kickoff. But on a cloudy day in front of a sparse crowd, the energy level seemed a little low as the Paladins went three-and-out to start the game.
However, Furman came back with a nine-play, 80-yard drive on its next possession. On a day when Darren Grainger's cannon arm misfired a few times, it was on point when he zipped a pass to a well-covered Ryan DeLuca in the end zone for a 15-yard touchdown.
After a three-and-out for ETSU (2-3, 0-2), Furman's offense went back to work. The Paladins were at the Bucs' 15 again going the opposite way in the second quarter when they ran a similar play as the touchdown. This time, the ball slipped off DeLuca's fingers for an incompletion and Furman ended up settling for a 28-yard field goal by Grayson Atkins. Atkins' 15th consecutive made field goal established a new SoCon record.
It appeared more like business as usual for the SoCon's No. 1-rated offense as Furman led 10-0 and looked for more as it got the ball back with 11 minutes left in the second quarter. But a massive hit that resulted in a turnover seemed to shake up the Paladins. On 2nd-and-2, Corey Watkins easily got the first down and was looking for more when he was blindsided by ETSU's Artevius Smith. The Bucs recovered the ball at the Furman 42 as Watkins laid on the field motionless for a couple of minutes before leaving the game.
After the turnover, it took all of four ETSU runs to get on the board as Cameron Lewis ran for a six-yard touchdown. It remained a 10-7 game going into halftime.
"The fumble was huge," Hendrix said. "I really felt like we were getting ready to kind of take the game over.
"We didn't respond very good on defense. We missed a couple of tackles, they go down and score and the whole game changed."
ETSU tied the game on a 34-yard field goal by Tyler Keltner midway through the third quarter.
After going 3-of-10 passing in the first half, Grainger's first pass of the second half came on Furman's third possession after halftime. Grainger nearly slipped down for a loss after the snap but regained his stance and fired a deep ball to DeLuca, who fought through the defender and somehow made a 40-yard catch to the 11.
"I got past the corner and I thought it was going to be a little late, but I obviously didn't see Darren slip. He did a great job of recovering and making a play," DeLuca said. "He put it up there and I definitely thought there might have been interference, but I just tried to make a play."
Three plays later, Devin Wynn ran for six yards on 3rd-and-6 on the final play of the third quarter. For Furman, which entered Saturday ranked No. 1 in the SoCon in third down conversions at 49 percent, it was the first third down conversion of the game. Wynn scored from a yard out to open the fourth quarter to as the Paladins took a 17-10 lead.
Furman's defense came up with a pair of turnovers in the fourth quarter. Cally Chizik forced a fumble that Parker Stokes recovered at the ETSU 37. Two plays later, Grainger fired to the end zone but was picked off by Smith. With 3:06 left in the game, Furman's DiMarcus Clay intercepted Trey Mitchell's pass on third down.
"We just continued to talk about having more energy, especially in the second half," said captain Jordan Willis, who had 10 tackles. "We seemed kind of flat coming out, but once we picked it up everybody just continued to keep going and let loose."
With the Bucs still having all three timeouts, Furman needed at least a couple of first downs to run out the clock. The Paladins avoided disaster on the first play as Wayne Anderson fumbled an option pitch but recovered it. That was the last pitch of the day, but the ball did go in the air one more time when Grainger hit Avery Armstrong for 13 yards on 3rd-and-11. On 3rd-and-4, it appeared there was supposed to be a handoff but Grainger kept it and rolled to his right for a gain of four and a first down. Furman then kneeled out the clock.
"I think I said something to (offensive coordinator) George (Quarles) about that play (option pitch), but we didn't crack the safety. If we had cracked the safety, we might have had a big, big play," Hendrix said. "We executed that (3rd-and-11) about as well as you could execute it. ... Then (on 3rd-and-4) luckily, Darren made a heck of a play.
"I was proud we didn't have to send our defense back onto the field."
While ETSU was held to 290 yards, it outgained Furman by 22 yards and had a seven-minute edge in time of possession. The 268-yard total for the Paladins are the fewest in a victory since a 221-yard effort in a 17-3 win over S.C. State in 2015.
Watkins, who never returned after taking the big hit, finished with 58 yards on five carries to lead the Paladins. Wynn, who sat out the first quarter, and Devin Abrams each had 43 yards on 11 carries. Grainger was 6-of-14 for 97 yards passing and rushed for 24 yards on seven attempts.
"Offensively, we've had a lot of people tell us how good we are. When you have days like today, you get brought back to earth a little bit," Hendrix said. "It's nice to learn that lesson and still get a win."
Amir Trapp set his career-high for tackles in a game by the end of the first quarter Saturday and finished with 11 to share the team lead with Braden Gilby. Travis Blackshear and Elijah McKoy each had eight. Dru Seabrook got his team-leading fourth sack this season. That came on third down and forced an ETSU punt from its 16-yard line in a 10-10 game. After Trapp made a fair catch at the Furman 49, Grainger hit the 40-yard pass to DeLuca on the next play.
In addition to breaking the SoCon record for consecutive made field goals, Atkins was vitally important in the field position battle. He averaged 42.6 yards on five punts and put three of those inside the ETSU 20-yard line.
"Everybody's accountable for just doing their job. My job is to pin them inside the 20 and make my field goals when they come up," Atkins said. "Shout out to my coverage team because a lot of those inside the 20 have been downed. They've done an incredible job making me look good."
Support the FSR through PayPal
Tommy's Country Ham House
The Furman Sports Report is sponsored by Tommy's Country Ham House. Tommy's has offered delicious food and friendly service to Greenville diners for more than 30 years. Tommy's is an avid supporter of Furman athletics.
Scott Keeler
I'm a husband, father and sportswriter with 25 years of experience in the newspaper industry.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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HEALTHFUL - SEARCH RESULTS
The National Offshore Wind Research and Development Consortium (NOWRDC) announced $3.4 million in funding for six new wind projects in supply chain efficiency, asset monitoring, and inspection.
At the end of each year Clean Energy Group assesses our largest regrant program, the Resilient Power Technical Assistance Fund. This year-in-review blog overviews projects, successes, lessons learned and goals for the new year.
Energy justice and local solar go hand-in-hand
Local energy resources have the potential to equitably distribute the benefits of clean energy in a way that provides jobs, resilience and savings to communities left out of our century-old electricity grid.
Canada's 824-MW Muskrat Falls Hydroelectric Generating Station released for service
The 824-MW Muskrat Falls Hydroelectric Generating Station, part of the Lower Churchill Project, is complete and has been released to the Newfoundland and Labrador System Operator (NLSO) for service.
Massachusetts' new efficiency plan puts a priority on underserved communities
The state's latest three-year energy efficiency plan would include new provisions to increase outreach and expand program eligibility for lower-income households and residents of color.
Beneath solar panels, the seeds of opportunity sprout
Low-impact solar development can improve soil health, retain water, nurture native species, produce food, and provide low-cost energy to local communities.
Like Hurricane Katrina and numerous storms before it, Hurricane Ida demolished Louisiana's outdated, fossil-fuel dependent energy system. It's time for Louisiana leadership to prioritize resilient solutions over continued fossil-fuel investment.
Americans support climate change policies, especially those that give them incentives and clean up the energy supply
Incentives like rebates for insulation or allowing homeowners to sell energy from solar panels were more popular than taxing for excess energy use.
How hydropower can support a stable, low-carbon grid and healthy rivers
By transitioning to a 100% renewable energy grid with a sustainable hydropower backbone, we can curb the worst effects of climate change.
GE announces plan to form three public companies, spin off Healthcare and Energy
GE announced its plan to form three global public companies focused on the growth sectors of aviation, healthcare and energy.


Good Friday. Fr David Rocks explains why it is right that Christ carries his own Cross.
This is a day of fasting and abstinence. A day of silence and desolation. And when we arrive at its hour of glory, we witness the drama of a coronation.
On this day we read the Passion according to St John. With him we experience the continuous triumph of Christ throughout his final hour - a triumph marked with suffering and humiliation. The King, crowned with thorns, is presented to us by Pilate: 'Behold the man.' Before us is brought one whose appearance is marred beyond human semblance. One whose form is beyond that of the sons of men (Is 52:24).
Behold the man - and what is presented before us is the Son of Man. The Messiah is come. The King of Israel stands in our midst. At the sixth hour of the day of preparation of the Passover, he is handed over to be crucified, to be raised up on the wood of the cross before all people.
Through the streets, among those to whom he is sent, he carries his cross - the throne of his glory. On earth, kings and rulers are sometimes carried on their thrones. The Universal King carries his own throne. This is but right and proper for his dignity, for the power of this King comes not from below, but from above. Jesus is his own master and carries his cross himself, so that his triumph is made known.
He carries his throne dressed in a seamless garment - the garment of a priest. His role is a sacred role. He has come as a priest as well as a king. He offers his life for others and consecrates his death for them as a sacrifice. His mother was told at Cana that his hour had not yet come. Now it has arrived, and she stands by his throne as mother - the mother of us all. She is mother of those for whom he dies, for those who stand beneath his cross as the beloved disciple.
'It is finished.' - This is the fulfilment. His hour has come and the will of the Father has been accomplished with perfection. The hour is here - he hands over the Spirit. The gift of the Spirit to the disciples is concurrent with his return to the Father. In his hour of glory and triumph on the cross, the fullness of God's total self-giving to mankind is shown.
All four gospels narrate the Passion of the Lord. It is only John who records the anointing of the Lord's body before burial with a blend of spices. The scene in John concludes with a royal burial. The Lord is King: his kingship has come to its fulfilment at the coming of the hour. He is lifted up from the earth, and he draws all things to himself.
We watch in silence as we fast. What else could we do, but be silent? We watch an eternal scene unfold: the eternity of God's love poured out for us on the Cross.


It's beginning to look a lot like Christmas everywhere you go. Take a look in the five-and-ten—and while you're at it, look at all the other store windows advertising spectacular sales, holiday discounts, and clearance extravaganzas. The markdowns are as widespread as they are substantial. This year on Black Friday, for instance, the average advertised discount across 17 major retail categories was 45%, according to the price-tracking firm Market Track.
As ecommerce continues to eat away at traditional retail, brick-and-mortar stores seem to believe that the best way to compete is to slash their prices. This tactic might be understandable if, say, the country were in a deep recession. But GDP has been growing for eight consecutive years, the unemployment rate is at a 17-year low, wage growth is strengthening, and the stock market is in the middle of a nine-year bull run.
In this economy, it is not necessary for retailers to pander to bargain hunters—nor is it wise. Sure, some holiday shoppers may be lured to the shops in search of a great deal, but if that's what they're looking for, they can easily go online. Brick-and-mortar stores cannot match the price-comparing capabilities the Internet offers.
Instead of competing on price, stores should invest to entice customers. By focusing on their core competencies—one-on-one, human-to-human customer service, sensory-stimulating in-store experiences, and promise of instant gratification—traditional stores have an opportunity to excel where websites falter.
There's good news and bad news for retailers this year. On a positive note, consumer confidence is strong and customers are feeling flush. According to data from the National Retail Federation, sales for November and December are expected to clock in at about $682 billion, which would make 2017 the strongest holiday season since 2014. But on the flip side, department stores as a shopping destination placed a distant third behind the Internet and mass merchants, according to Deloitte's annual holiday retail survey.


text:
Home / Find a consultant / Mr Omar Haddo
Mr Omar Haddo
MBBS, BMedSci, FRCS(orth)
Trauma & orthopaedic surgery, Shoulder & Elbow, Hand & Wrist
Carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, Dupuytren's, elbow conditions, elbow arthroscopy, ganglions, rotator cuff conditions, shoulder arthroscopy, shoulder impingement, shoulder instability, shoulder replacement, sports injuries, upper limb fractures
About Mr Omar Haddo
Biography Omar Haddo is a consultant orthopaedic surgeon who specialises in upper limb conditions, including shoulder, elbow, hand and wrist surgery. He treats all aspects of the upper limb involving elective and degenerative conditions, sport injuries and trauma, including fractures.
He studied medicine at St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical School, London. He also undertook a BSc in Clinical Sciences at St Mary's Hospital, London (1995). He was appointed to the Stanmore Orthopaedic Training Programme in 2002. He undertook a fellowship at the internationally renowned Reading Shoulder Unit, where he developed his skills in arthroscopic shoulder and elbow surgery and also in shoulder arthroplasty. He was appointed as a consultant at the Whittington Hospital in 2008 and has worked to develop the shoulder and elbow service.
He is a member of the British Orthopaedic Association, the British Elbow and Shoulder Society and the British Orthopaedic Sports Trauma Arthroscopy Association. He has published several scientific papers and book chapters. He has also presented at many national and international meetings.
He has a keen interest in education and is actively involved in undergraduate and post graduate medical education. He was the Surgical tutor at the Whittington hospital and has also held the position of Clinical Lead.
His hobbies include swimming and squash but most of all spending time with his family.
Whittington Health NHS Trust
British Orthopaedic Association (BOA), British Elbow and Shoulder Society (BESS)
Joint partnerships
Capital Orthopaedics
pm Basinghall
Make an enquiry - Mr Omar Haddo


text:
Columbus, OH | http://jobs.cscc.edu
Columbus State Community College seeks to attract and retain highly qualified staff and faculty who will share our values and will support the mission and vision of the College. At Columbus State, we believe that to address the complex challenges of the future, we need people who want to be agents of change now. When you join our team, you're making a contribution to a better tomorrow. For you, for Columbus State, and for the community as a whole. Join us.
Columbus State Community College seeks to attract and retain highly qualified staff and faculty who will share our values and will support the mission and vision of the College. At Columbus State, we believe that to address the complex…
550 East Spring Street, Columbus, OH None, United States


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Visit our careers site
Womble Bond Dickinson menu
About Womble Bond Dickinson
Womble Bond Dickinson is a transatlantic law firm, providing high-quality legal capability and outstanding personal service, to a wide range of regional, national and international clients. A Top 100 law firm globally and Top 20 law firm in the UK, Womble Bond Dickinson has more than 400 partners and 1,000 lawyers based across 19 US cities and eight UK cities - Aberdeen, Bristol, Edinburgh, Leeds, London, Newcastle, Plymouth and Southampton. The firm's reach also extends to Europe where it has strategic partnerships with other law firms in Germany and France.
Our clients range from FTSE 100 businesses and governmental organisations to privately managed business and wealthy individuals. Our clients' interests always come first. Strong personal relationships, dedicated client teams and a deep understanding of our clients' businesses mean they have confidence that we can respond to their needs effectively and efficiently.
Our regional heritage, flexibility and commitment to innovation enable us to offer focused, relevant services as a compelling alternative to other firms.
In the UK, Womble Bond Dickinson advises in excess of 40 FTSE 350 companies, many of the largest businesses in the country, government organisations and wealthy individuals. With a focus on eleven key sectors (Energy & Natural Resources; Financial Institutions; Healthcare; Insurance; Manufacturing; Real Estate; Retail and Consumer; Transport, Logistics & Infrastructure; Life Sciences & Pharmaceuticals; Technology and Private Wealth) the firm's experience allows it to build strong relationships and deliver an excellent service to clients.
We look at our trainee recruitment as a long-term investment. Trainees at Womble Bond Dickinson will have an opportunity to spend six months in four Business Groups, gaining a real breadth of experience along the way.
This is your training contract and it's up to you to make the most of it, but along the way we offer fantastic opportunities to develop your legal career in a growing firm.
Our supervisors are trained and fully supported on an ongoing basis. You'll have access to high quality work and senior client contacts. We regularly second trainees to our most high profile clients. We keep our trainee intake relatively small, which means that more often than not, you'll be the only trainee in a team, giving you a large amount of access to the experience and advice from people who are happy to teach.
We're looking for people across seven of our UK offices. There is no typical Womble Bond Dickinson trainee - our trainees come from varied backgrounds and bring a range of different experience, and that's very important to us.
What all of our people do share is an enthusiasm for law and a passion for our business. Beyond that we look for our trainees to have a strong academic background, although this is not the only criteria we use when shortlisting applications. It's as important to us that candidates can demonstrate commercial awareness and a natural ability when dealing with people.
When and how to apply
Apply for a training contract to start in 2022 online. The deadline to apply is 28th February 2020.
The first stage of the recruitment process is an online application and assessment form assessing the core behaviours we look for: thinking, communication, motivation and drive, teamwork, resilience and a commitment to our business and our clients.
Candidates will be asked to complete a set of neuroscience-based exercises. There is no right or wrong answer to the exercises, but an opportunity for the firm to measure candidates cognitive and personality traits.
If you successfully pass this stage you'll be invited to complete an online video interview. Which is an opportunity to tell us more about you.
The next step will be to attend an assessment day in the location of your choice (Newcastle, Bristol, Southampton or London). This consists of a number of exercises designed to assess the core behaviours. You'll also meet with trainees, partners and other people from around the business.
The firm's work placement weeks are part of the recruitment process and all applicants should apply online. The first stage is an online application form which assesses the core behaviours we look for: thinking, communication, motivation and drive, teamwork and a commitment to our business and our clients.
The deadline for our vacation scheme applications is 28th February 2020.
In September 2014 we launched the first of our apprenticeship programmes. We recognised the importance of creating alternative routes into the profession for those who wanted to get their first foot on the career ladder sooner rather than later. We also wanted to develop our own home grown talent to ensure a continued pipeline of paralegals and future lawyers.
Our well established Paralegal Apprenticeship runs over two years. You'll work within our paralegal team, giving you access to a wide range of clients and types of work. Our legal apprenticeship offers school leavers and those who choose not to go to University the opportunity to gain formal legal qualifications and a role in the profession through paid, on-the-job training as an apprentice paralegal.
Our legal apprenticeship scheme has been hugely successful. We're proud to have been recognised as a Top 100 Apprenticeship. For more information about the programme please take a look at our website.
The legal profession has continued to embrace apprenticeships as an alternative route to law and 2016 saw the launch of the first solicitor apprenticeship programme. This is a 6 year programme taking you through from A-Level to qualification as a solicitor, without the need to attend university full-time.
We recognise that university life isn't for everyone, and we wanted to create an opportunity for those who thought a career in law might not be attainable.
Our solicitor apprenticeship launched in Newcastle, September 2017, with three apprentices. Since then we have recruited a further two apprentices in Newcastle and one in Southampton. Recruitment is on going with Bristol recruiting their first Solicitor Apprentice this summer.
There are some great careers available within a law firm; our business couldn't operate without the highly talented support teams who provide expert advice in HR, IT, Business Development, Facilities Management, Finance to name a few. We have launched apprenticeship in HR, IT, Facilities Management and Secretarial Services.
Womble Bond Dickinson is fully committed to opening up new routes to our profession, ensuring our people all benefit from the fantastic development opportunities available to them, and apprenticeships are just one more way for us to do that.
1st year: Bristol and Southampton - £30,000; Leeds - £27,000; London - £38,000; Newcastle - £26,000; Plymouth - £28,000; Scotland - £22,000
2nd year: Bristol and Southampton - £32,000; Leeds - £29,000; London - £40,000; Newcastle - £28,000; Plymouth - £30,000; Scotland - £24,000
Post qualification: Competitive
Sponsorship: GDL and LPC fees are sponsored.
At Womble Bond Dickinson we look for intellectually able, motivated and enthusiastic graduates from any discipline or background. Successful applicants will understand the need to provide practical, commercial advice to clients. You'll share the firm's commitment to self-development and teamwork and its desire to provide clients with services that match their highest expectations. We will consider candidates with/on course to get a 2:1.
Training contract 2022
Bristol and Southampton - £30,000; Leeds - £27,000; London - £38,000; Newcastle - £26,000; Plymouth - £28,000
Bristol, Leeds, London, Newcastle, Plymouth and Southampton
Scotland Work placements: June and July 2020
Early Careers Opportunities
Open/ongoing
Aberdeen, Bristol, Edinburgh, Leeds, London, Newcastle, Plymouth and Southampton.
Work placements: June and July 2020
Edinburgh, Leeds, London, Newcastle, Plymouth and Southampton.
8.4 /10 Overall satisfaction
- graduates
Five minutes with... Joanne Smallwood, graduate recruitment specialist at Womble Bond Dickinson
More from Womble Bond Dickinson
Organisation's locations:
Aberdeen, Bristol, Edinburgh, Leeds, London, Newcastle, Plymouth, Southampton
Employer size:
1001 to 5000 employees
Number of graduate vacancies per year overall:
2020 training contract vacancies: Up to 30 (deadline 28th February 2018). 2018 vacation scheme vacancies: 80+ (deadline 28th February 2018).
LLaw solicitors
The UK 300 rank
View the UK 300 table


Our projects are the cornerstones of up-and-coming neighborhoods.
At NRI, we don't look for the easy route. We don't bet on the sure thing. We foster the underdog. We stoke the fires of discovery. And we put our stamp of the city's future.
We are passionate about identifying and defining neighborhoods in transition, and about enjoying the rewards of having been their pioneers. Our projects are marked by a dedication to design that pushes culture forward, and by our consistent efforts to build a community that can sustain them amidst a thriving ecosystem.


The Central Washington University Retirement Association (CWURA) is a vibrant group of individuals that includes the extended family of retirees and former employees and their partners. Founded in 1990, we welcome all those who have served CWU, or other universities, in a variety of capacities and who wish to engage with each other and the university in fun and meaningful ways.
LeMay – America's Car Museum is an international destination for auto enthusiasts to celebrate America's love affair with the automobile and learn how it shaped our society. Read more at americascarmuseum.org.
Registration is $60.00 per person which includes transportation by motor coach from Ellensburg and back, museum entrance fee, and lunch at the Pacific Grill (located at the museum). We will depart from the Super One parking lot at 8:00 a.m. and return around 5:00 p.m.
Register today. For additional information, contact Catherine Scarlett at 509-963-3083 or scarletc@cwu.edu.
Registration is $30.00 per person.
Our featured speaker this year is CWU Athletic Director Dennis Francois who will provide an update on the Wildcat Commons Project and plans for athletic facilities and programs. In addition to our speaker, we will be presenting the 2019 Distinguished Retiree Award. The year's recipients are CWU retired faculty members Nancy and John Hultquist.
Wildcat Walkers still going strong! Wildcat Walkers are an Ellensburg walking group for CWU retirees and friends. Walks are scheduled for the 1st and 3rd Mondays at the Irene Rinehart Park bridge parking lot at 10:00 a.m. during fall and winter. For more information or to get on their mailing list, contact Virginia Mack at vmackred@gmail.com/509-899-1345.
Retirees and friends enjoy informal gatherings each First Friday.
Please join us for each First Friday for refreshments and camaraderie at 9:30 a.m. at the Dakota Cafe on Pearl Street in Ellensburg. Bring ideas to share about what activities you would like to see the CWURA plan for retirees.
CWURA Interest Groups. What to form a targeted interest group for retirees? Contact the CWURA about forming a group, arranging for email notices and meeting spaces on campus.
CWURA 2018/19 Membership Campaign Underway. Now is the time to sign up for membership in the CWURA for the upcoming year. Your dues are important to help us with the costs of events and programs. Join now online or send your dues to the CWURA at the CWU Foundation, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA 98926-7508.
CWU Living History Project/Oral Histories interviews with retirees. Maintained by the CWU Brooks Library Archives and Special Collections, the collection contains transcripts of interviews conducted with former faculty, staff, and alumni of Central Washington University. Follow the Central Washington University Archives & Special Collections on Facebook.
Annual dues for 2018/2019 are payable from July 1 through June 30 and are valid for one year. If you have not done so, please send a check for $20 to the below address or click here to Join or Renew.


Pi (π) is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. It is approximately equal to 3.14. Today, on 3/14, we would like to wish you all a happy Pi day!!
Watch the Learning Upgrade Circles Song video on YouTube!


Barry is a growth hacker, and tech entrepreneur.
Barry's Snapchat username is @barryaharris. Barry snaps about tips for social media, growth hacking, cool apps to use, and other tech news all mixed with the lifestyle of being a tech entrepreneur. Barry entertains, motivates, and brings value to all his snapfriends.
Barry A. Harris currently has a total of 17 reviews with an average rating of 5 out of 5.
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Barry seeks to make good use of his time and yours with light and informative snaps about his journey as an entrepreneur. His knowledge and insight in social media and tech is enlightening! He seems to be all about genuine connections on SnapChat.


text:
Home Old Town Festival of Speed & Style
Old Town Festival of Speed & Style
May 19, 2019 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.
1987 Ferrari
The inaugural Old Town Festival of Speed & Style will debut on King Street near Alexandria's waterfront on Sunday, May 19 from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.
The single-day free event will be span across three blocks on lower King Street and will feature approximately 60 rare and unusual supercars from around the world such as Ferrari, Jaguar, Porsche, Lamborghini, Aston-Martin and Cobra for up close viewing enjoyment.
On display will be a collection of high performance and racing cars from the 1950's, 60's, 70's and 80's, paired with a fashion exhibition presented by the Old Town Boutique District. The fashion exhibition will take place from noon to 1 p.m. and will feature Spring looks from Old Town Boutique District stores that pair with the themed cars on display.
The event will also feature live music, street vendors, and provide festival goers an opportunity to explore Old Town shops and restaurants.
The festival is the brainchild of Rick Myllenbeck who is also the owner of Sonoma Cellar wine tasting room and restaurant in Old Town and is co-produced by a group of Alexandria vintage car collectors and enthusiast who travel across the world participating in classic and exotic car events.
"This is all about the community and sharing," said Myllenbeck. "We want to share beautiful cars and local fashion with residents and visitors, while bringing attention to Alexandria's charming and unique Old Town area and benefiting Act for Alexandria - a terrific community-based charitable organization."
Date & Time May 19, 2019 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.


MAGA is the hollow refrain of people who do not understand the dire situation we find ourselves in. As we continue to obsess and dedicate our money and attention to the military industrial complex, climate change wreaks havoc across the globe. Suffice to say that if we don't do something about this situation soon, the idea of the State of Liberty under water isn't going to be so fantastical. The time to act is now. This stirring piece makes an emotional plea to take climate change seriously. Are you going to be someone who is up to the challenge of making America great again?


You can select an order gateway or broker using the Routing Configuration dialog box. This dialog box is available from the Order Pane, MD Trader and the Order Bar. To invoke the Routing Configuration dialog box from the trading window, click the Routing field. You can also click the Browse button to the right of the Routing field in the Order Pane.
When an order gateway and broker (X_TRADER ASP) are selected in the Market Grid columns, only the Customer section displays in the Routing section.
Click Select in the Routing section to open the Routing ConfigurationDialog box.
Select the desired order gateway.
Enter any additional order information (i.e. FFT2, FFT3).
Click OK when you are finished configuring order routing parameters.
Select an order gateway if multiple order gateways are available.


Jeffrey David Orgeron entered into eternal rest on Friday, April 6, 2018, Age 29 years a native Waggaman, La and a resident of Billings, Montana for the past 2 years. Beloved son of John Michael Orgeron and Lovina Schmill Orgeron of Edmond, Oklahoma. Brother of Cade Michael Orgeron of Edmond, Oklahoma. Fiance' of Megan Anne Brusio of Billings, Montana. Paternal Grandson of Fay Hebert Orgeron and the late Samuel A. Orgeron. Maternal Grandson of the late Thomas O. Schmill, Sr. and Lillian Arnold Schmill. Godson of Linda Schmill Plaisance and Perry A. Orgeron. Also survived by many other relatives and friends. Jeff was a Corporal in the US Army and proudly served his country for over 8 years. During his career, he was deployed in Afghanistan and Kuwait. He was an avid fisherman and outdoorsman in addition to enjoying various gaming activities. Relatives and friends are invited to attend a Funeral Mass at Westside Leitz-Eagan Funeral Home, 5101 Westbank Expressway, Marrero, LA on Saturday, April 14, 2018, at 10:00 am. Visitation on Friday, April 13, 2018 at 5:00 pm until 9:00 pm and again on Saturday, from 8:00 am until Mass time. Internment in Westlawn Memorial Park Cemetery, Gretna, LA. On line guest book available at www.westsideleitzeagan. Com.
Cade and Jeffrey - Christmas 1989.
Jeff's second birthday INB 1991.
Jeff 1 year old, April 7, 1990.
Jeff played 2nd base for The Lil' Giants, age 6 years old.
Christmas 1995 with Santa, Cade and Jeff.
Jeff and Cade in the boat.
Jeff had his tonsils taken out in 1997.
Jeff serving as an Alter Boy in 2000.
Mama Lil, Jeff and Derrick.
Jeff and Dad on the carnival float in 2003.
Jeff's 14th birthday & Mama Fay on cake detail.
Lovina and the boys at Christmas, 1990.
Jeff he joined the Army on May 20, 2008.
John, Lovina and Jeff in May of 2005 his ROTC school photo.


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Posts Tagged: Jacki Zediker
Mural honoring Steve Orloff celebrated in Siskiyou County
A mural tribute to Siskiyou County agriculture and late UCCE advisor Steve Orloff was dedicated Oct. 13, 2018.
A mural depicting a UC Cooperative Extension advisor talking with a farmer beside a crop field and stream, surrounded by cattle, potatoes and a 4-H member showing a prize-winning sheep, against the backdrop of the Siskiyou Mountains was dedicated Oct. 13, 2018, to Siskiyou County agriculture and the memory of Steve Orloff.
Steve Orloff
Orloff's Family, friends, clientele and colleagues gathered to remember and honor Orloff, who passed away Oct. 3, 2017, after serving 33 years as a UCCE advisor, the last 25 years of his career in Siskiyou County.
"It is a testament to the power of Steve's work and ANR impact in local communities," said Glenn Nader, emeritus livestock and natural resources advisor. Local farmers and ranchers funded the Steve Orloff mural, which is painted on the south wall facing the parking area of the UC Cooperative Extension office in Yreka, making it visible to I-5 travelers.
"Many members of the community and Steve's family were on hand to celebrate the efforts of the community to create a tribute to the work done by Steve Orloff," said Jacki Zediker, 4-H community education specialist and coordinator in Siskiyou County.
A plaque acknowledging contributions to the project is affixed to the mural.
The mural project was launched by local consultant Sari Sommarstrom, who served on several community organization boards with Orloff.
"Sari and Steve began discussing the mural idea about a year or more before his passing, based on Sari noticing our exterior walls were very bland and could use some sprucing up," said Carissa Koopmann Rivers, director of UC Cooperative Extension in Siskiyou County.
At the time, Orloff told Sommarstrom, "I can envision artwork with large cows and ranching depicted on one side transitioning to agricultural fields and mountains on the other side. It would be a great tribute to ag in the county."
Following Orloff's passing, Sommarstrom followed up on the mural design, fundraising and execution. She partnered with the local Farm Bureau to assist with the financial backing of the project. The Siskiyou County Board of Supervisors approved the mural in April 2018, with the county contributing the first $2,000, kicking off the fundraising campaign and allowing the painting to begin in September.
"The mural would not have come to fruition without efforts from within the entire community, and the enthusiasm of artist Kim Solga," said Rivers. "It is important to recognize one particular person, Jacki Zediker, who was at the forefront of the project ensuring the mural exemplified the Siskiyou County agriculture and the vision that Steve had. Jacki not only worked diligently behind the scenes to cross t's and dot i's, she was also physically responsible for all the wall prep work and finishing coat on the wall, as well as organizing the official revealing unveiling of the mural on October 13, 2018."
The mural is located at 1655 South Main St. in Yreka.
Posted on Friday, November 30, 2018 at 1:24 PM
Author: Pamela Kan-Rice
Tags: Jacki Zediker (1), November 2018 (15), Siskiyou County (1), Steve Orloff (3)


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The Swinging Cheerleaders Blu-ray Review: These Girls Do More Than Swing
An exploitation flick with a message.
By Mat Brewster on July 15, 2016 12:01 AM |
Quentin Tarantino once called director Jack Hill the "Howard Hawks of exploitation filmmaking." I don't know that I'd go quite that far but certainly Hill made some of the most memorable films in the genre. Working with minuscule budgets and, shall we politely say colorful plots, Hill still put our a fairly large number of very well-made and quite enjoyable films.
One of the more interesting things to me is how, though working in the various exploitation genres, Hill still managed to make somewhat thoughtful films that dealt with racism, sexism, and other cultural ills. Certainly he's still being exploitive, but the fact that he could make a women-in-prison flick and use it as a means to discuss the overt racism of our judicial system is really interesting.
In this manner, The Swinging Cheerleaders manages to be both a sexy '70s pom-pom flick and a direct criticism of both the overwhelming sexism of college-sports programs and the very genre in which it exists. It seems Jack Hill loved living in that sort of hypocrisy. Perhaps the best example of this is when early on one of the characters gives a passionate monologue on how cheerleading exploits young women and does so while taking off her top.
One could argue that Hill is really making straight-up exploitation flicks that are rife with the very sexism and racism that he seems to decry. That by adding in bits of dialogue that argue against those things does not immediately destroy the fact that his films use ample amounts of nudity, sex, and violence in order to sell his pictures. One could also argue that he's using the very weapons of exploitation to dismantle its sins from within. How else can one reach the drive-in movie crowd than by making drive-in movies?
I'm not ready to stand on one side of that debate or the other, except to say the fact that we are even having this debate some 40 years after these films were made says something about Hill's talent as a director.
Alright, lets get to the actual movie at hand. The Swinging Cheerleaders stars Jo Johnston as Kate, a journalist student at Mesa University who infiltrates the school cheerleading squad in order to write a term paper on how the sport demeans women. While there, she befriends fellow cheerleaders, Mary Ann (Colleen Camp), Lisa (Rosanne Katon), and Andrea (Rainbeaux Smith), falls in love with star quarterback Buck (Ron Hajek), and uncovers a gambling organization that's rigging the football games.
Kate begins the film as your sort-of prototypical 1970s intellectual feminist out to take down the man, but as she gets to know the other cheerleaders she realizes that they are really rather sweet girls just trying to have a little fun, meet a nice guy, and get on with their lives. The jocks too aren't all stupid, sweaty, sexist sacks of beef, but are often kind-hearted and well meaning.
Except that, they kind of aren't. The film does a rather poor job of developing head jock Buck into something meaningful. He's actually kind of a jerk - he perpetually cheats on girlfriend Mary Ann, and generally behaves like the stereotypical chauvinist one expects a college quarterback to be. In public, he's all alpha-male boorishness, but alone with Kate, he admits it's all just a facade and really he's a nice guy inside. Yet Kate never calls him out on this. The film doesn't either. We're just supposed to accept that deep down he's a good guy even though every outward notion indicates otherwise.
These are the sort of inherent inconsistencies one can expect, I suppose, when watching a cheerleader movie with a social conscious. There are lots of moments when the film seems to swerve farther into exploitation mode and then it will have cut back with moments of real meaning. In one scene, Buck meets Kate for the first time in a diner and while chatting with Mary Jane, he reaches his under the table and right up Kate's skirt. In a later scene, Buck boldly tells Kate to come to his place so they can further their exploits and Kate rebuffs him. In a rather modern feminist bit of dialogue, she lets him know in no uncertain terms that it's her body and the fact that she - in her own wonderful words - let him "reach the goalpost" earlier does not mean that he has guaranteed access to her body anytime he wants it.
This is perhaps a too serious discussion about a film that ultimately is a exploitation pom-pom movie but it is quite fascinating how Jack Hill was able to mess with the genre in a way that both delves deep into its more seedier dark sides and calls those things to task.
With the exception of a couple of moments throughout and a long scene in the back half in which most of the cast has a rather farcical fight, the film plays out dramatically. The Swinging Cheerleaders is not the breezy comedy that you might expect. This is very apparent when it deals with its side-characters' stories. Mary Ann wants nothing more than to get married and have babies, Lisa is having an affair with her married professor, and Andrea can't decide whether she wants to lose her virginity or not. These stories largely go nowhere and are mostly forgettable.
There is a scene late in the film in which Andrea has an act perpetuated against her that's so heinous they didn't even dare show it onscreen in a '70s exploitation flick. It seems mostly to exist so that her love interest can save the day (and a character who initially seems like one of the heroes can turn villainous). It comes and goes so quickly that it's easy to forget it exists and yet upon further though it nearly derails anything good I want to say about the film.
Which makes The Swinging Cheerleaders a complicated film to critique. In part its fun bit of '70s drive-in fare with plenty of naked cheerleaders and melodrama. Yet it also has some interesting things to say about sexism and rape culture. And then yet again it very much celebrates those very things. For all of that, and more, I definitely recommend the film for genre fans and anybody really.
Arrow Video does its usual fine job here. The video looks good. I didn't notice any serious scratches or other deterioration though they do, as usual for Arrow, leave in the grain. The colors and blacks looks decent with the usual caveats of budget and time period. Likewise the audio is quite serviceable.
Extras include a new audio commentary from Jack Hill, plus a new interview with him where he discusses his career. There are archive interviews with cinematographer Alfred Taylor and another with Hill and Johnny Legend plus a Q&A from 2012 with Colleen Camp and Roseanna Keaton.
Blu-ray,
arrow video,
exploitation,
jack hill,
quentin tarantino,
the swinging cheerleaders


text:
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text:
Q: Receiving unknown strings lengths? So I'm converting a Python program I wrote to Erlang, and it's been a long time since I used Erlang. So I guest I'm moved back to beginner level. Anyways from experience every language I use when dealing with sockets have send/recv functions that always return the length of data sent/receive. In Erlangs gen_tcp case however doesn't seem to do that.
So when I call send/recv/or inet:setopts it knows when the packet has ended? Will I need to write a looping recvAll/sendAll function so I can find the escape or \n in the packet(string) I wish to receive?
http://erlang.org/doc/man/gen_tcp.html#recv-2
Example code I'm using:
server(LS) ->
    case gen_tcp:accept(LS) of
        {ok,S} ->
            loop(S),
            server(LS);
        Other ->
            io:format("accept returned ~w - goodbye!~n",[Other]),
            ok
    end.

loop(S) ->
    inet:setopts(S,[{active,once}]),
    receive
        {tcp,S,Data} ->
            Answer = process(Data), % Not implemented in this example
            gen_tcp:send(S,Answer),
            loop(S);
        {tcp_closed,S} ->
            io:format("Socket ~w closed [~w]~n",[S,self()]),
            ok
    end.

Just from looking at examples and documentation it seems like Erlang just knows. And I want to confirm, because the length of data being received can be anywhere between to 20 bytes to 9216 bytes and or could be sent in chunks since the client is a PHP socket library I'm writing.
Thank you,
Ajm.

A: TL;DR

So when I call send/recv/or inet:setopts it knows when the packet has
  ended?

No, it doesn't.

Will I need to write a looping recvAll/sendAll function so I can find
  the escape or \n in the packet(string) I wish to receive?

Yes, generally, you will. But erlang can do this job for you.
HOW?
Actually, you couldn't rely on TCP in sense of splitting messages into packets. In general, TCP will split your stream to arbitrary sized chunks, and you program have to assemble this chunks and parse this stream by own. So, first, your protocol must be "self delimiting". For example you can:

*

*In binary protocol - precede each packet with its length (fixed-size field). So, protocol frame will looks like this: <<PacketLength:2/big-unsigned-integer, Packet/binary>>

*In text protocol - terminate each line with line feed symbol.

Erlang can help you with this deal. Take a look here http://erlang.org/doc/man/gen_tcp.html#type-option. There is important option:
{packet, PacketType}(TCP/IP sockets)

Defines the type of packets to use for a socket. The following values are valid:

raw | 0

    No packaging is done.
1 | 2 | 4

    Packets consist of a header specifying the number of bytes in the packet, followed by that number of bytes. The length of header can be one, two, or four bytes; containing an unsigned integer in big-endian byte order. Each send operation will generate the header, and the header will be stripped off on each receive operation.

    In current implementation the 4-byte header is limited to 2Gb.

line

    Line mode, a packet is a line terminated with newline, lines longer than the receive buffer are truncated.

Last option (line) is most interesting for you. If you'll set this option, erlang will parse input stream internally and yeld packets splitted by lines.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange