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phosphorus melting point
The chemical symbol for Antimony is Sb. Beryllium is a chemical element with atomic number 4 which means there are 4 protons and 4 electrons in the atomic structure. Some phosphate rock is also heated with coke and sand in an electric furnace to form white phosphorus which is then converted to phosphorus trichloride and phosphorous acid. The chemical symbol for Magnesium is Mg. Magnesium is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table: all group 2 elements have the same electron configuration in the outer electron shell and a similar crystal structure. It is also the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 °C. Platinum is one of the least reactive metals. The chemical symbol for Krypton is Kr. White phosphorus is a poisonous waxy solid and contact with skin can cause severe burns. The RSC makes no representations whatsoever about the suitability of the information contained in the documents and related graphics published on this Site for any purpose. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3. Melting Points. Elements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. The number of atoms of the element per 1 million atoms of the Earth's crust. The chemical symbol for Silicon is Si. Commercial use of the Images will be charged at a rate based on the particular use, prices on application. Rubidium is a chemical element with atomic number 37 which means there are 37 protons and 37 electrons in the atomic structure. The image is of a ball-and-stick model of white phosphorus. Its abundance in rocky planets like Earth is due to its abundant production by fusion in high-mass stars. Density (g cm−3) i.e. A major development was the discovery that steel could be made highly resistant to corrosion and discoloration by adding metallic chromium to form stainless steel. Europium is a moderately hard, silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water. Thulium is an easily workable metal with a bright silvery-gray luster. Phosphorus – Boiling Point. Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure. Oxygen is a colourless, odourless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air. Uranium is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. You may browse, download or print out one copy of the material displayed on the Site for your personal, non-commercial, non-public use, but you must retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained on the materials. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass. 660. Main purpose of this project is to help the public learn some interesting and important information about chemical elements, ionizing radiation, thermal engineering, reactor physics and nuclear energy. Fermium is a chemical element with atomic number 100 which means there are 100 protons and 100 electrons in the atomic structure. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with a chemical formula S8. The chemical symbol for Silver is Ag. Boiling point - the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas; Melting point - the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid; See Standard state and enthalpy of formation, Gibbs free energy of formation, entropy and heat capacity for thermodynamic data for the same compounds. The chemical symbol for Niobium is Nb. Solids are similar to liquids in that both are condensed states, with particles that are far closer together than those of a gas. Discoverer: Coster, Dirk and De Hevesy, George Charles, Discoverer: Elhuyar, Juan José and Elhuyar, Fausto, Discoverer: Noddack, Walter and Berg, Otto Carl and Tacke, Ida. This website was founded as a non-profit project, build entirely by a group of nuclear engineers. Discoverer: Marinsky, Jacob A. and Coryell, Charles D. and Glendenin, Lawerence. It is found in nature in several allotropic forms, and is an essential element for the life of organisms. The atoms in a solid are tightly bound to each other, either in a regular geometric lattice (crystalline solids, which include metals and ordinary ice) or irregularly (an amorphous solid such as common window glass), and are typically low in energy. Astonished by this discovery he bottled up the greyish crystals and sent them to one of the foremost chemists of his day Joseph Guy-Lussac who confirmed that this was a new element and named it iode - iodine - after the Greek word for purple. The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas. Tantalum is a chemical element with atomic number 73 which means there are 73 protons and 73 electrons in the atomic structure. Isotopes It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. Nobelium is the tenth transuranic element and is the penultimate member of the actinide series. The chemical symbol for Gold is Au. Copper is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. The chemical symbol for Strontium is Sr. Strontium is an alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. Rhenium is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. Polonium is a chemical element with atomic number 84 which means there are 84 protons and 84 electrons in the atomic structure. Phosphorus exists as P 4 and chlorine as Cl 2 so elemental phosphorus is a bigger molecule than chlorine. The chemical symbol for Oxygen is O. Francium is an alkali metal, that has one valence electron. If you wish to use the Images in a manner not permitted by these terms and conditions please contact the Publishing Services Department by email. Yttrium is a chemical element with atomic number 39 which means there are 39 protons and 39 electrons in the atomic structure. Major advantage of lead shield is in its compactness due to its higher density. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. Selenium is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between the elements above and below in the periodic table, sulfur and tellurium, and also has similarities to arsenic. 865 - … The role of the element in humans, animals and plants. Melting and boiling points: The large structures (the metal oxides and silicon dioxide) have high melting and boiling points because a large amount of energy is needed to break the strong bonds (ionic or covalent) operating in three dimensions. Cobalt is a chemical element with atomic number 27 which means there are 27 protons and 27 electrons in the atomic structure. A vertical column in the periodic table. The chemical symbol for Curium is Cm. 4 Up to date, curated data provided by Mathematica's ElementData function from Wolfram Research, Inc. Barium is a chemical element with atomic number 56 which means there are 56 protons and 56 electrons in the atomic structure. Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element, with a density of 22.59 g/cm3. Commercially, thallium is produced as a byproduct from refining of heavy metal sulfide ores. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table, because it has a single electron in its outer shell that it readily donates, creating a positively charged atom—the Na+ cation. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity, behind only oxygen and fluorine. Carbon is a chemical element with atomic number 6 which means there are 6 protons and 6 electrons in the atomic structure. Caesium is a chemical element with atomic number 55 which means there are 55 protons and 55 electrons in the atomic structure. First ionisation energyThe minimum energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its ground state. Berkelium is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. Osmium is a hard, brittle, bluish-white transition metal in the platinum group that is found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores. His family's firm produced the saltpetre needed to make gunpowder for Napoleon's wars. It naturally moves from soil, to rivers, to oceans, to bottom sediment. The melting point is the temperature at which the disruptive vibrations of the particles of the solid overcome the attractive forces operating within the solid. It rarely occurs in its elemental state or as pure ore compounds in the Earth's crust. The chemical symbol for Xenon is Xe. Relative atomic mass Lithium is a chemical element with atomic number 3 which means there are 3 protons and 3 electrons in the atomic structure. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Phosphorus is not found uncombined in nature, but is widely found in compounds in minerals. Nina Notman with the tale of Phosphorus, the element extracted from the golden stream, otherwise known as urine. Although classified as a rare earth element, samarium is the 40th most abundant element in the Earth's crust and is more common than such metals as tin. The chemical symbol for Beryllium is Be. Uncombined elements have an oxidation state of 0. You do not have JavaScript enabled. The chemical symbol for Gallium is Ga. Gallium has similarities to the other metals of the group, aluminium, indium, and thallium. Americium is a transuranic member of the actinide series, in the periodic table located under the lanthanide element europium, and thus by analogy was named after the Americas. The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase. Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of a kilogram of a substance by 1 K. A measure of the stiffness of a substance. The phosphorus atom has a radius of 110.5.pm and its Van der Waals radius is 180.pm. The name is derived from the Greek 'phosphoros', meaning bringer of light. The bulk properties of astatine are not known with any certainty. In phosphorus: Properties and reactions …a polymeric form called "red phosphorus." This substance is amorphous when formed at lower temperatures, but it can become crystalline, with a melting point of about 590° C (1,090 °F). The chemical symbol for Lead is Pb. On the other hand, there are several non-molecular allotropes of elemental phosphorus, the which have higher melting and boiling points. Krypton is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. Next time Andrea Sella will be joining us with the explosive story of element number 53. The motion of individual atoms, ions, or molecules in a solid is restricted to vibrational motion about a fixed point. At the melting point the two phases of a substance, liquid and vapor, have identical free energies and therefore are equally likely to exist. Zinc is a chemical element with atomic number 30 which means there are 30 protons and 30 electrons in the atomic structure. Thankfully, phosphorus is now primarily obtained from phosphate rock (Ca 3 (PO 4) 2). Melting Point and Freezing Point. The first theory explaining mechanism of melting in the bulk was proposed by Lindemann, who used vibration of atoms in the crystal to explain the melting transition. Tungsten is an intrinsically brittle and hard material, making it difficult to work. Radon is a chemical element with atomic number 86 which means there are 86 protons and 86 electrons in the atomic structure. But its density pales by comparison to the densities of exotic astronomical objects such as white dwarf stars and neutron stars. Fahrenheit (f) The RSC has been granted the sole and exclusive right and licence to produce, publish and further license the Images. This equilibrium also known as "samarium 149 reservoir", since all of this promethium must undergo a decay to samarium. Phosphorus - Thermal Properties - Melting Point - Thermal Conductivity - Expansion. Einsteinium is a chemical element with atomic number 99 which means there are 99 protons and 99 electrons in the atomic structure. Some elements exist in several different structural forms, called allotropes. White phosphorus is definitely the more exciting of the two. This was until people realised that bone was a great source of phosphorus. Zirconium is a lustrous, grey-white, strong transition metal that resembles hafnium and, to a lesser extent, titanium. In general, melting is a phase change of a substance from the solid to the liquid phase. Half of the distance between two unbonded atoms of the same element when the electrostatic forces are balanced. It is fairly soft and slowly tarnishes in air. Like all elements with atomic number over 100, nobelium can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically, and only minute amounts are found in the Earth's crust. The chemical symbol for Iron is Fe. Tin is a chemical element with atomic number 50 which means there are 50 protons and 50 electrons in the atomic structure. An integrated supply risk index from 1 (very low risk) to 10 (very high risk). The chemical symbol for Chlorine is Cl. Lawrencium is the final member of the actinide series. Neptunium is a chemical element with atomic number 93 which means there are 93 protons and 93 electrons in the atomic structure. Zirconium is widely used as a cladding for nuclear reactor fuels. Half of the distance between two atoms within a single covalent bond. Naturally occurring potassium is composed of three isotopes, of which 40K is radioactive. Helium is a chemical element with atomic number 2 which means there are 2 protons and 2 electrons in the atomic structure. Rhenium is a chemical element with atomic number 75 which means there are 75 protons and 75 electrons in the atomic structure. Neon is a chemical element with atomic number 10 which means there are 10 protons and 10 electrons in the atomic structure. Each allotrope has different physical properties. Melting Point/Freezing Point. (His assistant Ambrose Godfrey set up his own business making and selling phosphorus and became rich.). At normal atmospheric pressure carbon does not melt when heated, it sublimes. Very soft and malleable, indium has a melting point higher than sodium and gallium, but lower than lithium and tin. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. 1650 - 1720. Polonium is a rare and highly radioactive metal with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemically similar to selenium and tellurium, though its metallic character resembles that of its horizontal neighbors in the periodic table: thallium, lead, and bismuth. Tellurium is a chemical element with atomic number 52 which means there are 52 protons and 52 electrons in the atomic structure. Though hydrogen bonds are the strongest of the intermolecular forces, the strength of hydrogen bonds is much less than that of ionic bonds. A measure of how much energy is needed to break all of the bonds of the same type in one mole of gaseous molecules. The chemical symbol for Einsteinium is Es. when heated, carbon undergoes a phase change directly from solid to gas. Lanthanum is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. So where did it all begin? Some elements exist in several different structural forms, called allotropes. Europium is one of the least abundant elements in the universe. The chemical symbol for Iridium is Ir. The images may not be posted on any website, shared in any disc library, image storage mechanism, network system or similar arrangement. © 2019 periodic-table.org / see also Boiling point of Phosphorus is 280°C. we deal with discrete #P_4# tetrahedra. Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average. In no event shall the RSC be liable for any damages including, without limitation, indirect or consequential damages, or any damages whatsoever arising from use or loss of use, data or profits, whether in action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use of the material available from this Site. Titanium is resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine. Lutetium is a chemical element with atomic number 71 which means there are 71 protons and 71 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Titanium is Ti. Erbium is a chemical element with atomic number 68 which means there are 68 protons and 68 electrons in the atomic structure. High = substitution not possible or very difficult. Such weak intermolecular bonds give organic molecular substances, such as waxes and oils, their soft bulk character, and their low melting points (in liquids, molecules must cease most structured or oriented contact with each other). Red phosphorus is made by gently heating white phosphorus to about 250°C in the absence of air. The temperature at which the solid–liquid phase change occurs. Strength of metallic bonds is … The ores are first converted into phosphoric acids before being made into ammonium phosphate. Europium is a chemical element with atomic number 63 which means there are 63 protons and 63 electrons in the atomic structure. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal. Images © Murray Robertson 1999-2011 Dysprosium is a chemical element with atomic number 66 which means there are 66 protons and 66 electrons in the atomic structure. The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. When he evaporated urine and heated the residue until it was red hot. Density: 1.82 grams per cubic centimeter 5. Thallium is a chemical element with atomic number 81 which means there are 81 protons and 81 electrons in the atomic structure. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals. The chemical symbol for Copper is Cu. Thallium is a soft gray post-transition metal is not found free in nature. It has remarkable resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures, and is therefore considered a noble metal. Welcome to "A Visual Interpretation of The Table of Elements", the most striking version of the periodic table on the web. Einsteinium is the seventh transuranic element, and an actinide. One of these was in phosphorus matches that were first sold in Stockton-on-Tees in the UK in 1827. The chemical symbol for Chromium is Cr. The chemical symbol for Tin is Sn. Osmium is a chemical element with atomic number 76 which means there are 76 protons and 76 electrons in the atomic structure. It is occasionally found in native form as elemental crystals. The chemical symbol for Praseodymium is Pr. Plutonium is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. Platinum is used in catalytic converters, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts and electrodes, platinum resistance thermometers, dentistry equipment, and jewelry. Oxygen dissolved in the water soon gets used up and the lake dies. The chemical symbol for Neodymium is Nd. The terms melting point or freezing point are often interchanged depending on whether a substance is being heated or cooled. Melting point of Phosphorus is 44.1°C. These elements, along with the chemically similar elements scandium and yttrium, are often collectively known as the rare earth elements. Hello - this week fertilisers, fire bombs, phossy jaw and food additives. The chemical symbol for Calcium is Ca. The chemical symbol for Technetium is Tc. Holmium is a part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare-earth element. Sodium is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Titanium condenser tubes are usually the best technical choice, however titanium is very expensive material. In 1811 a young French chemist, Bernard Courtois, working in Paris stumbled across a new element. Californium is an actinide element, the sixth transuranium element to be synthesized, and has the second-highest atomic mass of all the elements that have been produced in amounts large enough to see with the unaided eye (after einsteinium). Bismuth is a chemical element with atomic number 83 which means there are 83 protons and 83 electrons in the atomic structure. It is only seen as phosphate, and phosphate is essential to life for numerous reasons. Elements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. Phosphates are ingredients in some detergents, but are beginning to be phased out in some countries. Copper is a chemical element with atomic number 29 which means there are 29 protons and 29 electrons in the atomic structure. Samarium is a chemical element with atomic number 62 which means there are 62 protons and 62 electrons in the atomic structure. For more information on the Visual Elements image see the Uses and properties section below. Over-use of phosphates from fertilisers and detergents can cause them to pollute rivers and lakes causing algae to grow rapidly. The percentage of the world reserves located in the country with the largest reserves. The commercial use of beryllium requires the use of appropriate dust control equipment and industrial controls at all times because of the toxicity of inhaled beryllium-containing dusts that can cause a chronic life-threatening allergic disease in some people called berylliosis. The chemical symbol for Phosphorus is P. As an element, phosphorus exists in two major forms—white phosphorus and red phosphorus—but because it is highly reactive, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name, kohl. Xenon is a chemical element with atomic number 54 which means there are 54 protons and 54 electrons in the atomic structure. Bromine is a chemical element with atomic number 35 which means there are 35 protons and 35 electrons in the atomic structure. Aluminum . Phosphorus is a non-metal that sits just below nitrogen in group 15 of the periodic table. When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point. We welcome your feedback. Oxygen is a chemical element with atomic number 8 which means there are 8 protons and 8 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Zinc is Zn. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. Download our free Periodic Table app for mobile phones and tablets. The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. Electronegativity (Pauling scale)The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself, expressed on a relative scale. The chemical symbol for Cobalt is Co. Cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. Data for this section been provided by the British Geological Survey. With tuna, chicken, eggs and cheese having lots. Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure. Red phosphorus however has none of these fascinating properties. Xenon is a colorless, dense, odorless noble gas found in the Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts. The chemical symbol for Holmium is Ho. Sarin is a fluorinated phosphonate that was used by Iraq against Iran in the early to mid-1980s. White phosphorus has two forms, low-temperature β form and high-temperature α form. The boiling point of a The chemical symbol for Tungsten is W. Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively in chemical compounds. The chemical symbol for Thallium is Tl. It is given by the ratio of the pressure on a body to the fractional decrease in volume. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive: almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine. The chemical symbol for Gadolinium is Gd. White phosphorus has also found a wide range of other uses. The chemical symbol for Zirconium is Zr. Gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. Where the element is most commonly found in nature, and how it is sourced commercially. The chemical symbol for Carbon is C. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. The chemical symbol for Tellurium is Te. Terbium is a silvery-white, rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Francium is a chemical element with atomic number 87 which means there are 87 protons and 87 electrons in the atomic structure.
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Did you ever think that a legitimate game app could endanger your security? Naysayers have not yet heard of the most popular game ever downloaded in United States history. The game is Pokémon Go.
This is a game meant to be played on your smartphone; it melds virtual technology with the real world. It's a free download, but, people in the IT field have serious reservations about this free app and your or your company's security. It seems as if you give up a lot when you download Pokémon Go and are a Google user.
A Quick Description of the Game
Pokémon Go is manufactured by Niantic Inc. It is the latest iteration of the Pokémon franchise which has been around for over 30 years.
The most important feature of Pokémon Go is that you still train Pokémon characters but instead of doing so in a virtual world, you do so in the real world. As a player, you meander outside until you come across a Pokémon. The game knows where you are through your GPS which it receives as data from your smartphone. When you get an alert that there is a Pokémon nearby you catch it by hurling a Poké ball at it – hit it and the Pokémon is yours. You can see the character through your smartphone camera viewfinder which overlays it on the real world. The game is considered an augmented reality game.
Pokémon Risks for Google Users
There are two ways a user can download Pokémon Go. The first is to sign in using your Google account. The second is to log in using the Pokémon Trainer Club. But, as of July 2016, signing up from the Pokémon Trainer clubs has been suspended, leaving Google users only the Google account way of playing.
And this is where the problems start.
Downloads from the Google Play Store fail to alert users that Niantic as well as Google now have access to your Google account. Google does not mention what permissions are given to Niantic but does say Google will have full access to your account. This means the application is able to see and modify all information in your and/or your company's Google account.Google itself warns that "Full Access" privileges should only be given to apps that are completely trusted by you that you install on your computer, tablet or phone.
The game is so popular it may soon eclipse Google Maps and Snapchat for total daily users in the United States, making it a target rich environment for hackers. The game is so popular, that in early July of 2016, Niantic servers crashed due to the enormous number of download requests made through its site, which helped Niantic decide to suspend downloads from its site. Many IT experts think the Niantic servers failed due to a denial of service attack by a group of cyber criminals known as the PoodleCorp. In addition, there are a number of counterfeit games that are actually scams that contain malware, also known as ransomware, that can lock your smartphone and hold it for ransom.
Since the game uses Geolocation as a part of the action, there have been reports of individuals and groups disturbing homeowners looking to catch rare Pokémon. Also, the Geolocation feature has reportedly been used by IRL criminals to lure players to remote areas where the players are then robbed at gunpoint.
Manage IT Service Providers to the Rescue
The trend for businesses has been to utilize a method of accessing data and software known as BYOD, an acronym meaning Bring Your Own Device. It is likely that sooner rather than later, hackers will use employee devices with Pokémon Go loaded on a smartphone as a way to infiltrate company data storage and software. When this occurs, your business will suffer from claims from customers and others for identity theft. Trade secrets can be at risk as well as customer lists. You may even be a target for ransomware and either lose access to your data or pay a large sum to get it back.
Most reputable managed IT services have tools to deal with these attacks known as mobile device management solutions. Already many companies have banned the game from any device that can access its data systems and software. The best way to avoid your privacy or your company's computer system from being at risk is to not download the game.
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I purchased a Ralph Lauren shirt from the website. I selected XL for the shirt, but in checkout the shirt kept showing XXL. After my third attempt to refresh, I thought it was possibly a glitch. After the checkout was complete I got the email saying the size was XXL.Keep in mind I used a gift card. I had to call in to dispute the size. The initial dispute was an okay experience. I got the right size ordered and everything was fine. I checked my credit card account and notice three transactions. One for the right amount 4.99 with my gift card. The second 64 dollars and lastly 23 dollars. I called concerned about what the other two transaction were. I was assured that they would be dropped off my account in two to three business days because the transacts were pending just to make sure the card was good. I checked my account after the elapsed time, shockingly I was charged 23.94. I checked the past three emails they sent me with the price changing in everyone of the emails increasing in value. The number quoted matched non of the emails. I called in to get a price correction when I explained the problem the service rep insulted me by saying, "you filled the transaction wrong...". Truth is I didn't and have the emails to prove it. I asked her what she doesn't understand? Would you like me to show you the emails? Abruptly, I am hung up on. Macy's keep doing business this way and I will chuckle when this company is filing chapter 7 bankruptcy. You have no future in my analysis. I will never shop at this company again, nor as an investor invest. Take your money elsewhere!


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Apple Leads on Amazon Fires: Was That So Difficult?
Jul 05, 51625
A spike in intentionally set fires in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil has provoked an international response from government leaders due to the devastating impact these fires could have on the world's climate – and now, the corporate community has also begun to speak up. That's significant because of the somewhat fraught political landscape surrounding the Amazon fires: Brazil's President, Jair Bolsonaro, is widely viewed as a close ally of U.S. President Donald Trump, who continues to deny that global warming is rooted in human activity.
Tim Cook pledges Apple action on the Amazon fires
Apple CEO Tim Cook was among the first, if not the first, leading executive to pledge funds to help fight the Amazon fires.
Though Bolsonaro has been accused of enabling the unusual number of intentionally set fires in the Amazon, Cook did not address the politics underlying the emergency. In fact, he avoided focusing attention on Brazil altogether — an accurate take, considering that Brazil encompasses most, but not all, of the Amazon.
Instead, he focused on preserving biodiversity, stating on his personal Twitter account earlier this week that it is "devastating to see the fires and destruction ravaging the Amazon rainforest, one of the world's most important ecosystems," and that "Apple will be donating to help preserve its biodiversity and restore the Amazon's indispensable forest across Latin America."
With this statement, Cook deployed a strategy similar to that employed by other companies that have pushed back against harmful or unethical government policies here in the U.S., by focusing attention on areas of strong social consensus rather than criticizing individuals in power.
The value of corporate giving
As of this writing, the media spotlight has not been shining on other global companies pledging to help fight the Amazon fires. Nevertheless, nonprofit organizations are already laying the groundwork for additional corporate action.
Leonardo DiCaprio's latest environmental project, Earth Alliance, is a case in point. The organization launched on July 2 with co-founder and social justice advocate Laurene Powell Jobs with a focus on supporting and preserving biodiversity. As the widow of Apple's iconic founder Steve Jobs, she may have inspired Tim Cook to take up a vanguard position on the Amazon wildfires, but her potential for influence through Earth Alliance goes well beyond a single company.
Earth Alliance is a powerful next step for the existing Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation, in partnership with Jobs's Emerson Collective and Global Wildlife Conservation. In addition to his work with Jobs, DiCaprio sits on the boards of several environmental organizations that partner with leading global companies, including World Wildlife Fund and the Natural Resources Defense Council.
Earth Alliance has already set a high bar by pledging $5 million toward the effort to fight Amazon wildfires.
In comparison, the G7 countries have collectively pledged $20 million. Britain and Canada have also separately pledged $12 million and $11 million, respectively.
A call to action for leading partners
Whether or not they seek media attention, other leading companies have also been drawn into the Amazon fires though their affiliation with the Rainforest Alliance.
Rainforest Alliance works with global companies on eliminating forest destruction in their supply chains through the Accountability Framework Initiative among other activities.
The organization has taken a slightly more confrontational approach toward the Amazon fires, though it refrains from criticizing Bolsonaro directly. Its website features this call to action:
"Following a staggering increase in fires this year, with flames and smoke captured on both NASA and NOAA satellites from space, it's clear the world must stand together to stop ongoing threats to the Amazon, which is vital to the world's climate stability."
Rainforest Alliance also states that "we are mobilizing our broad network of partners to fight the ongoing destruction of this precious ecosystem."
That network currently includes leading corporations like P&G and L'Oreal, along with thousands of other companies that are currently participating in the organization's certification process.
When a climate crisis becomes a bottom-line crisis, too
Though few multinational CEOs have followed Tim Cook's lead so far, the Amazon fires may well end up demonstrating that corporations are primed and ready to act on global climate threats, whether through direct donations or affiliation with nonprofits and trade organizations.
The window for action is beginning to close, however. The European Union, for one, is already threatening trade sanctions unless Bolsonaro acts aggressively to stem the fires. The Brazilian president's refusal to accept any funding from the G7 nations puts even more pressure on the private sector to step up.
With the global economy already sliding toward recession, CEOs cannot afford to ignore the threat of another trade war – nor can their companies afford the larger risks as the world teeters from surging climate change risks to a full-blown climate crisis.
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Image credit: Birgit Lengert/Unsplash


It's been a long time since I showed you any photos of my Mood Blanket. I made an initial summary of my colour choices and I gave you a glimpse into A Day In The Life of a Crochet Mood Blanket, but no photos.
On Saturday morning I took advantage of the hour of sunshine and lay the blanket out on the patio table to take photos for you.
In case you're wondering, I'm using Hayfield Bonus DK and Baby DK, and the pattern for my squares is Lacy Cross from Jan Eaton's book 200 Crochet Squares.
More so, around the middle of the month – I blame hormones. On the up side, I don't have a lot of red squares which is a good thing – red is the colour I allocated to stress.
Are you taking part in Crochet Mood Blanket 2014? Have you learned anything about yourself in the process of documenting your daily moodswings?
Good luck with the progress!
I am happy to see that you only have 4 red squares on your blanket as of June 4th!! It is beautiful as is all of your work!!! I wish you more turquoise and lime days!!!


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The Three Faces of Spidey: Spiderman 2
Alex Munt
The PanAfrican Film and Arts Festival: An Exchange of Gazes
History Films, Women, and Freud's Uncanny by Susan E. Linville
Cinema as Sex on Cocaine: Basic Instinct (Paul Verhoeven, 1992)
Melville, Jean-Pierre
Jean-Luc Godard Exhibition: Travel(s) in Utopia, Jean-Luc Godard 1946-2006, In Search of a Lost Theorem
Special Dossiers, The Godard Museum
May 11–August 14, 2006,
Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris
Emmanuel Burdeau: You said that for once gardeners were tending to the gardening…
Jean-Luc Godard: Exactly (1)
There are three overlapping parts to the Jean-Luc Godard retrospective showing at the Pompidou: a film retrospective of a staggering 215 films (either by or about the cult filmmaker); an exhibition conceived by Godard; and a publication (Documents) which contains previously unpublished or unobtainable film documents. These distinct components do not seek to mirror one another, rather, each takes its own trajectory through the chronology cited as "JLG: 1946-2006". What follows is my reflections on the exhibition staged in the south gallery of the Pompidou, entitled "Travel(s) in Utopia, Jean-Luc Godard 1946-2006, In Search of a Lost Theorem".
"Travel(s)" can be read alongside Godard's eight-part Histoire(s) du cinéma (History/Histories of the Cinema, 1988-98) video collage commissioned for television – in particular, as an extension of the final episode, Les signes parmi nous (The Signs among Us). However, here Godard moves beyond the screen, toward the 'construction' of a series of spaces in which to house his 'signs'. This exhibition provokes two main questions: What is the relationship between the moving image and the gallery? And what is the status of the moving image in contemporary (digital) culture?
"Travel(s)" is the 'residue' of an exhibition entitled "Collage(s) de France" which was conceived with the former director of cultural development at the Pompidou (Dominique Païni) prior to being abandoned in February 2006. (2) The notion of residue here is telling. The exhibition which finally arrived at the Pompidou in May is marked by the traces of its own history. On the entrance wall in (presumably) Godard's own hand-writing is a sign bearing the name of the "Collage(s)" project, which has been crossed out and accompanied by a note explaining its abandonment due to "artistic, technical and financial difficulties" (3). No apologies here. Throughout his career Godard has continued to foreground the institutional, economic and political structures which underlie his work. Furthermore, this "exhibition about an exhibition" sits squarely within Godard's self-reflexive, modernist tendencies. (4)
"Travel(s)" is divided into three chronologically defined spaces (or 'rooms'): "Avant-Hier" (The Day before Yesterday), "Heir" (Yesterday) and "Aujourd' Hui" (Today). One arrives via the ticket counter in "Yesterday", with "The Day Before Yesterday" to the left and "Today" to the right. Godard does not force any particular trajectory through these spaces. I have drawn a sketch below to give an idea of the layout (no photography was permitted).
THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY
1. Nicolas De Staël (1914-1955), Les Musiciens, souvenir de Sidney Bechet, 1953
2. Hans Hartung (1904-1989), P. 1960-112, 1960
3. Henri Matisse (1869-1954), La Blouse roumaine, 1940
4. Goya
5. JLG, Vrai faux passeport, 55'25
6. AMM, Dans le temps, 4'15
7. JLG, Je vous salue Sarajevo, 2'24
8. JLG, Ecce Homo, 2'06
9. AMM, Ce que je n'ai pas su dire, 2'35
10. JLG, Une bonne à tout faire, 8'20
11. AMM, Souvenir d'utopie, 6'15
12. JLG & AMM, The Old Place, 1998 (excerpt)
13. One Parallel Movie, 1971, Donn Alan Pennebaker (excerpt)
14. Week End, 1967, JLG (excerpt)
15. One Plus One, 1968, JLG (excerpt)
16. JLG/JLG: Autoportrait de décembre, 1995, JLG (excerpt)
17. Nous sommes tous encore ici, 1997, AMM (excerpt)
19. Le Vent d'est, 1969, JLG & Jean-Pierre Gorin (excerpt)
21. Après la réconciliation, 2000, AMM (excerpt)
22. Les Hommes le dimanche, 1931, Robert Siodmak & Edgar G. Ulmer (excerpt)
23. Le Testament du docteur Mabuse, 1932, Fritz Lang (excerpt)
24. Le Messie, 1976, Roberto Rossellini (excerpt)
25. Don Quixote, 1992, Orson Welles (excerpt)
26. Arsenal, 1929, Alexandre Dovzhenko (excerpt)
27. Sayat Nova, 1968, Sergei Paradjanov (excerpts)
28. Johnny Guitar, 1953, Nicholas Ray (excerpt)
29. On the Town, 1949, Gene Kelly & Stanley Donen (excerpt)
30. Les Dernières vacances, 1947, Roger Leenhardt (excerpt),
Les Trois font la paire, 1957, Sacha Guitry (excerpt),
Le Sang d'un poète, 1930, Jean Cocteau (excerpt),
Touchez pas au Grisbi, 1954, Jacques Becker (excerpt)
31. Elena et les hommes, 1956, Jean Renoir (excerpt),
Au Hasard Balthazar, 1966, Robert Bresson (excerpt),
14 Juillet, 1932, René Clair (excerpt),
Bob le flambeur, 1955, Jean-Pierre Melville (excerpt)
32. Barocco, 1976, André Téchiné (excerpt)
33. Black Hawk Down, 2001, Ridley Scott
34. Films X (excerpts)
35. La Môme vert-de-gris, 1953, Bernard Borderie (excerpt)
JLG: Jean-Luc Godard
AMM: Anne-Marie Miéville
I intentionally adopt a terminology of "rooms" (over the more generic "spaces") since the exhibition functions as an "exploded apartment" of sorts which is navigated via a multitude of domestic objects: beds, tables, armchairs, a sofa, a garden and an ersatz kitchen. (5) Godard's 'interior' foregrounds the contemporary status of the moving image in its transition from the urban/public realm to one that is increasingly private/domestic – the space, colonised by television and the internet. But more on this later …
This room is dominated by a formless 'stack' of architectural scale-models that Godard completed for the "Collage(s)" project. The nine rooms envisaged for the project are intriguing – particularly to see the hand of the filmmaker at work, pursuing ideas in a plastic form. The models look to be a scale of about 1:20, which allows a coherent reading of the 'could-have-been' exhibition. The models are complete with the various scaled objects, furniture, paintings, books, texts (on all surfaces) and screens. The thematic rooms were named by Godard. The 'Malraux Room' is composed of a miniature projector, standing on a Persian rug, showing Charlie Chaplin's first film. The attention to detail is impressive. The Chaplin projection loops on a miniDV screen inserted in the scale model while a short text by André Malraux is pasted over one wall. Moving from the space of the models back to the space of the 'actual' exhibition, it is evident where key elements and ideas have been transposed to "Travel(s)". However, many ideas of the (much larger) "Collage(s)" exhibition exist only in their virtual form. A spatial compression (from nine rooms to three) has resulted in many casualties, Chaplin being one of them.
Godard's modus operandi is immediately evident from the 'unfinished' nature of the exhibition space, characterised by spontaneity, impulse and 'the moment'. The wall dividing "The Day Before Yesterday" and "Yesterday" is evidence of an æsthetic of 'construction' at play, in contrast to the typical pure and white divisions of gallery space. Here, one is confronted by the infrastructure: timber studs and wall linings. This construction 'section' reveals the array of data cabling required to fuel the 31 LCD screens in operation. Here, the elegant typography (Helvetica?) on the walls of most contemporary exhibitions is replaced by 'scrawled' hand-written texts and labels. In addition, unfinished paintwork, palettes of building materials and leftover trade tools mark this space very much as a 'construction site' for Jean-Luc Godard.
Seven small LCD screens affront the excavated wall, which show short films by Godard and those of his long-term collaborator, Anne-Marie Miéville. The linear gallery of films are situated close enough together to blur individual soundtracks and create an 'audio-collage'. The speakers sit behind industrial steel grates that have been rough-cut into the wall. The highlight here is the new video essay from Godard: Vrai faux passeport (Real False Passport, 2006), commissioned by the Pompidou for the retrospective. This work (of 55 minutes) also plays on a larger LCD screen in the corner of the room, a single armchair provided for comfort. I admit here to gaps in my own viewing due to a limited capacity in the French language. No subtitles are provided.
This 'construction site' analogy is reinforced with the installation opposite the video gallery by an area cordoned off by a metal fence which displays the famous 'No Trespassing' sign from Citizen Kane (Orson Welles, 1941). This is the first of several spaces in the exhibition where the visitor is placed outside Godard's history of the cinema. Visibility is partially obscured and access is denied. An excerpt from a recent work by Godard and Miéville, The Old Place (1998), screens here.
The passage from "The Day Before Yesterday" to "Yesterday" is signalled via a model train that moves back and forth, along its tracks, through a rough-cut arch hacked out from the dividing wall. The exhibition leaflet reminds us of Godard's metaphor for the cinema as "that marvellous little electric train" or perhaps Orson Welles' recollection of the Hollywood studio as "the greatest electric train set a boy ever had".
In the central space of "Yesterday", another gallery of small LCD screens mirror those in "The Day Before Yesterday". The moving images shown here are excerpts from feature films. These include excerpts from Week End (1967) – Godard's fin du cinéma – through to collaborations with Jean-Pierre Gorin and (more recently) Miéville. The wall opposite shows films from Godard's canon of 20th century cinema: films by Fritz Lang, Roberto Rossellini, Orson Welles and Nicholas Ray (amongst others) play on larger widescreen displays. The two video-galleries are interrupted by a central garden sculpture, complete with fake tropical plants, which partially obstruct more screens. If this room is taken as Godard's (global) cinémathèque, then the green 'island' in the middle has been reserved for French cinema alone, with excerpts from his favoured directors: Jean Cocteau, Jean Renoir, Robert Bresson and Jean-Pierre Melville.
Near the opening to the next room, a stack of LCD television screens is piled awkwardly atop of one another. Another single screen displays its branded Panasonic screensaver only. Within the 'æsthetic of the incomplete', such elements remain banal and silent sculptures. Fittingly, the screen adjacent to this redundant display infrastructure shows an excerpt of Don Quixote (1992), a reconstruction of Welles' infamous, unfinished epic.
It is appropriate if "Today" conjures up the bland/generic names of 'breakfast media' programming – this room is devoted to the space of television. Where traces of domestic inhabitation have been evident along the way (unmade beds and the vacated study 'bureau'), one now arrives within a self-contained "exploded apartment" (6). Here, a matrix of 'super-sized' wide-screen LCD television sets compete with each other within Godard's reconstruction of an 'economy of attention'. The contemporary experience of the moving image is on display, where consumption of 24-hour digital television, DVD-cinema occurs alongside the technological paraphernalia of home-entertainment-units.
In the 'kitchen', a horizontally-laid LCD screen introduces a stream of pornographic images: an orgy of naked, oiled bodies writhing against each other. The 'dining' area (the heart of the apartment) is rendered impotent by another two horizontal LCD screens that play real-time digital television broadcasts. One displays TF1, the other Eurosport. There is no audio provided here, which recalls Godard's comment from a recent interview:
When I watch television I watch it on mute. Without the sound you see the gestures, you see the routines of the women journalists and hosts, you see a woman who doesn't show her legs, moves her lips, does the same thing, and occasionally is interrupted by the so-called on-the-scene footage. She'll be the same the next day only the text will have changed. (7)
The pornography situated in the ersatz kitchen might be read as an appropriation of Richard Hamilton's collage: Just what is it that makes today's homes so different, so appealing? (1956) What is visually striking are the colours of the digital palette which emanate from the LCD screens. Where the previous two rooms reinforced the monochromatic history of cinema or Godard's own modernist compositions (the tri-colour of the late 1960s films), here the pixels glow with that iridescent (yet muted) 'colour-safe' digital palette. Again, from a recent interview, Godard says:
In the subway nobody likes to be compressed. In digital technology, everybody likes it. But part of the image is lost […] Focusing is gone, perspective is gone, everything is both blurred and sharp. There is no impression of light. It's the style of video games. PlayStation, the Internet. (8)
In "Today", these 'exploded' domestic spaces are accompanied by corresponding 'lifestyle' photomontages of (Wallpaper-style) magazine consumption. A multitude of eclectic 'tastes' (which kitchen/bedroom/living room are you?) are presented as collages of domestic space. Perhaps this is a comment on our increasing obsession with the 'reconstruction' of interior private space. Or, this might be read in stark contrast to those urban and nomadic characters of Godard's (New Wave) films, either moving in, moving out or 'on the run' from domestic space.
Godard has reserved the 'bedroom' as the primary site for consumption of contemporary Hollywood cinema. In Baudrillardian fashion, Ridley Scott's Black Hawk Down (2001) plays on a super-sized widescreen television at the foot of the bed: as a form of 'reconstructed' warfare to be consumed within the safe and controlled vestiges of home. The furniture of the 'living' space forces focus toward another LCD television screen, which is playing an excerpt from La Môme vert-de-gris (Poison Ivy, Bernard Borderie, 1953). The noir images of Lemmy Caution/Eddie Constantine flicker awkwardly amongst the other content. On another wall, a sculpture of mobile phones graces one wall as an entanglement of phones, cables and miniature human forms constructed from wire. Whilst the courtyard of the Pompidou is visually obstructed by displays, today the vibrant sounds of the Fête de la Musique performances form a welcome intrusion (and reminder) of the city.
Godard at the age of 75 (a lifetime which represents almost the cinema itself) is neither prophetic nor catastrophic in his claims for the future of the moving image. Rather, he (re)presents a 'site' of exploration, one where Godard's idiosyncratic history of cinema is nestled within a plethora of other 'screens'. In Godard's world, the screens of Francisco de Goya and Henri Matisse share the same space as those of Eurosport and the mobile phone.
"Travel(s)" constitutes a familiar Godardian æsthetic. From the 'virtual' spaces of the abandoned "Collage(s)" project to the sea of objects, images, sounds and texts (re)presented, this work operates via favoured methods of assemblage, montage, juxtaposition and collage, and (as always) embodies a highly personal vision. What is most fascinating here is to see Godard's ideas spatialized: 'Godard as Architect' or perhaps 'Godard as Interior Designer'. The concept of Junkspace formulated by Rem Koolhaas, Dutch architect and writer, resonates with Godard's "Today", the space of the present:
If space-junk is the human debris that litters the universe, junk-space is the residue mankind leaves on the planet. The built product of modernization is not modern architecture but junkspace […] Junkspace is the body-double of space, a territory of impaired ambition, limited expectation, reduced earnestness […] it substitutes accumulation for hierarchy, addition for composition. More and more is more. Junkspace is overripe and undernourishing at the same time. (9)
Too often gallery spaces read as clinical exercises 'designed' for easy consumption, where the hygienic hand of the cultural institution wins out. In contrast, "Travel(s)" succeeds in distilling a sense of disquiet, upon exit. Any premonition of 'Utopias' is quickly dispelled by inhabiting Godard's dystopian world, rendered as a series of inaccessible territories, islands and interiors. This installation is a 'spatial-essay' that has been projected into the third dimension. The work is typically cryptic, perforated and excessive, and Godard (as usual) places the emphasis back on the viewer to reconstruct their own meaning(s) from the fragments. The tension seems further exacerbated by the contrast between Godard's 'construction-site' and the 'High Tech' colourful, streamlined (post-modern) architectural body of the Pompidou Centre.
Where a film retrospective usually revisits the past within the dark (and safe) confines of the cinema, Godard instead chooses to situate his own work (and that of his collaborators) within this rhizomatic space of ideas.
Once again, there are more questions than answers here from JLG.
Jean-Luc Godard, The Future(s) of Film (Bern: Gachnang & Springer, 2002), p. 42.
Nathan Lee, "Jean-Luc Godard, France's Film Provocateur, Directs His Own Tribute", The New York Times, 25/06/2006.
Bamchade Pourvali, in Voyage(s) en Utopie JLG, 1946-2006, In Search of Lost Theorem, exhibition pamphlet (Paris: Centre Pompidou, DAEP, 2006).
Lee, op. cit.
Pourvali, op. cit.
Godard, p. 20.
Rem Koolhaas, "Junkspace" in OMA@work.a+u, a+u Publishing, Toyko, 2000.
On Brazilian Cinema: From Mário Peixoto's Limite to Walter Salles
Frankenheimer, John
Dr Alex Munt is a screenwriter/director and visual artist. He is a Senior Lecturer in Media Arts & Production in the School of Communication in the Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences at the University of Technology Sydney.
On Painting and History in Godard's Histoire(s) du cinéma
Notre musique: Godard's Shot/Reverse Shot Ruminations on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Christopher Weedman


Colorless translucent semi lustrous scalenohedral calcite crystals to 5.0 cm in height on matrix. This is in very good condition. Old material collected before 1975. Locality has long been close to collecting.


The Lions edged out the Sharks 23-21 in their Vodacom Super Rugby clash in Johannesburg on Saturday. Five minutes into the game the home team surged forward through a break from Faf De Klerk. From the pressure, the Sharks tackled a player off the ball thus conceding a penalty 38 metres out which Elton Jantjies missed.
After 10 minutes the visitors conceded another penalty which Jantjies slotted. Just nine minutes later the KZN franchise conceded its third penalty which Jantjies again put over. Two minutes later Andre Esterhuizen found a break before offloading to Waylon Murray who in turn found Renaldo Bothma who charged over the try line. Fred Zeilinga kicked the conversion.
Gary Gold's back line created a good play in the 32nd minute which was concluded when fullback Odwa Ndungane passed to Lwazi Mvovo who sprinted from 40 metres out to cross the try line. The conversion was successful. A minute from half-time the hosts produced a try when Jantjies flicked an inside pass to Howard Mnisi who dashed to the tryline and at the break the score stood at 14-11 to Gold's charges.
In the opening 10 minutes of the second half the Joburg franchise produced two quick tries to take control of the game. In the 44th minute De Klerk waited for the ball from a ruck, before he sold a dummy to Ndungane, who proceeded to force his way to the line. Jantjies converted.
Just minutes later Mnisi ran a big angle drawing some defenders. He passed inside finding Harold Voster. The big centre sped away from the defence and scored. Jantjies however missed this conversion.
In the 58th minute Esterhuizen was given a yellow card and sent to the bin for 10 minutes after he had made a reckless late and high tackle. This was the third high tackle from the Sharks on the day. With the one man advantage Johan Ackermann's men pushed back their opponents but rarely failed to use the 70% possession they held at a point in the second half.
In the 78th minute the visitors managed to reach the try line through Thomas Du Toit. Zeilinga slotted the conversion, providing a nervous last two minutes. With the Sharks pressing hard to win the match, they won a penalty seven seconds from the end of the match. With time up Zeilinga was presented with the opportunity to be a hero when from 48 metres out he had an attempt to win it for the Durban side.
He put the distance on his kick but pushed the effort just wide of the posts. The win makes it five consecutive victories for the Lions.


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ExxonMobil Reaches Settlement With EPA Over Alleged Clean Air Act Violations
The company will install pollution controls and monitoring equipment at petrochemical plants in Texas and Louisiana.
By Travis BubenikNovember 1, 2017 9:52 amBusiness & Your Money, Energy & Environment, Houston Public Media, Partner Organizations, Texas Station Collaborative
A view of ExxonMobil's Baytown, Texas complex in 2014.
From Houston Public Media:
Oil and gas giant ExxonMobil has agreed to spend more than $300 million to settle air pollution allegations.
The Environmental Protection Agency announced the settlementTuesday. The agency alleged the company has violated air pollution rules since the mid-2000s at its petrochemical plants in Baytown, Beaumont and Mont Belvieu in Texas, and in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Under the agreement, the company will pay a $2.5 million fine, and install about $300 million worth of pollution controls and monitoring equipment.
"We will be enforcing environmental laws in this administration," said Patrick Traylor, deputy assistant administrator at the EPA.
Traylor said the pollution in question came from flares that burn off waste gas.
"We've alleged that the company modified those facilities in a way that increased the amount of air pollution from those flares without obtaining required Clean Air Act permits," he said.
ExxonMobil still denies it violated any rules.
Luke Metzger, with Environment Texas, called it a "very good settlement," though he said the company could pay more.
"They certainly have the resources to pay a higher penalty," he said. "They very likely profited significantly by failing to reduce this pollution earlier and follow the law."
The plant upgrades will include flare gas recovery systems and benzene monitors installed on some of the plants' fences.
Texas Standard For November 1, 2017
After Criticizing Texas Lawmakers, Greg Abbott Is Seeking $61 Billion For Harvey Recovery
Two Teens Sue Schools To Protect Their Right To Protest The Pledge Of Allegiance
As Food Insecurity Grows Among Texas College Students, More Campus Food Pantries Open
New Startups For Startups Pop Up In Austin
Oklahoma City Sends A Unique Donation To Harvey Relief: Housing Vouchers
This Science Book Is For People Who Wouldn't Normally Read A Science Book
Are Less Than Half Of The State's Youngest Adults Registered To Vote?
Experts Say The West Texas Oil Boom Will Be A Bust In Five Years


General Motors Company (United States based) is a world's third largest automaker with its headquarters in Detroit. General Motors is accountable for the most outstanding and renowned automotive designs ever produced in steel and glass. GTO, Camaro, Corvette, Cutlass, Riviera, El Camino, Eldorado are just some of the examples. The brands have become cultural icon. GM takes great pride in GM's history, drawing out inspiration for a brighter future. Jointly with its partners, GM produces cars and trucks in thirty four countries and sells these vehicles by these brands: Chevrolet, Cadillac, GMC, Buick, Holden, GM Daewoo, Opel, Vauxhall and Wuling. At present GM chiefly focuses on 4 main American Brands.
GM was established in September 16, 1908 by William C. Durant as a holding company .The company at that time derived the funds generated by purchasing Buick in 1904 and evolving it into a success. . The company was the largest automobile manufacturer from 1931 through 2007. GMC was formed in 1909. General Motors (GM) being one of the world's largest car and truck manufacturers takes in a huge extent of industrial activity worldwide, generally focused on motorized transportation, engineering and manufacturing that make it happen.
GM cars prove to be technologically and performance wise quite advanced.They has experimented with Flexible-fuel vehicles. GM manufactures quite a few flexible-fuel vehicles that can function on E85 ethanol fuel or gasoline, or any blend of both. General Motors was the first company to bring forth an all-electric automobile. GM builds battery packs which are responsible for battery management systems and power electronics, thermal management, plus the pack assembly. A few of the features contained in the new GM cars are: Premium Infotainment Experience, Bluetooth®, OnStar®, GM Remote API Services, Optional Navigation, 5-Link Rear Suspension, Intelligent AWD and many more.
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GM motors is a name of uncompromised design and engineering innovation. It provides a smooth ride with premium features and continues to be a unique and thrilling experience on the road. A long-term devotion to auto manufacturing that characterize capability, safety and reliability and the over-all experience is comfort, luxury and technology under one roof making the brand the leader among the car makers.


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Groton School
282 Farmers Row, Groton, MA 01450, USA
The vibrant and diverse Groton School of the 21st century took root in the inspired mind of the young Endicott Peabody.
Before founding Groton in 1884, at the age of 27, Peabody's life had taken many turns. Educated in England at Cheltenham and Cambridge, he pursued a banking career but abruptly turned away from finance and toward the Episcopal Church. Only months after the famed gunfight at the OK Corral, Peabody arrived in Tombstone, Arizona. In "the town too tough to die," the Anglophilic Yankee won over the miners, cowboys, and townspeople and built the first Episcopal church in the state.
But Peabody did not feel drawn to pastoral work and headed back East to complete his seminary studies. A brief stint as a schoolteacher provided the young man with his calling. He would start his own institution—a church school which explicitly sought to instill high-minded principles in the offspring of the most successful American entrepreneurs of the Gilded Age. The campus would sit on rich farmland along the Nashua River, with marvelous vistas of the distant mountains of Wachusett and Monadnock.
In the beginning, 24 students, Rev. Peabody, and two colleagues, Rev. Sherrard Billings and Amory Gardner, formed the entire school family. As Billings wrote years later, in 1930, the men shared "the conviction … that there could be a school where boys and men could live together, work together, and play together in friendly fashion with friction rare." Groton School was an immediate success and by 1920 had grown to about 180 students and 22 faculty members. Peabody, having found his calling, ran the school for 56 years. Rev. John Crocker, a Groton graduate from the Form of 1918, succeeded him.
Crocker led Groton School for 25 more years, from 1940-1965, adapting the school to changing times. Since the 1920s, the School had broadened its student base, attracting boys from beyond the eastern United States and boys of limited financial means. In 1952, the first African-American student was admitted. About 20 years later, the school was studying the prospect of coeducation, and in the fall of 1975 welcomed the first female students to campus. Today, the Groton family includes 370 students—about half of them girls—and 87 faculty members. Groton has deliberately remained relatively small, believing, as Rev. Peabody did, that a School embodying the best characteristics of a family creates the optimal environment for learning and living.
As the School diversified, it also broadened its religious offerings. While the School continues to emphasize the need for spiritual awareness, it meets the needs of a culturally varied family that practices a wide range of religions. Today, attendance at services is still required, but the services once purely Episcopalian are now offered in Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist, and other traditions.
After Rev. Crocker, Rev. Bertrand Honea, Jr. led the School from 1965 to 1969; Paul Wright from 1969 to 1974; Rev. Rowland Cox from 1974 to 1977; William Polk from 1978 to 2003; and Richard Commons from 2003 to 2013. Our current headmaster, Temba Maqubela, joined the Groton family in July 2013. More than a century after the School's founding, Mr. Maqubela continues the ideals of Rev. Peabody—to lead a school that offers the highest quality academic education, instills good character, builds leaders, and inspires lives.