The dataspace interface (H5S) provides a mechanism to describe the positions of the elements of a dataset and is designed in such a way as to allow new features to be easily added without disrupting applications that use the dataspace interface. A dataset (defined with the dataset interface) is composed of a collection of raw data points of homogeneous type, defined in the datatype (H5T) interface, organized according to the dataspace with this interface.
A dataspace describes the locations that dataset elements are located at. A dataspace is either a regular N-dimensional array of data points, called a simple dataspace, or a more general collection of data points organized in another manner, called a complex dataspace. A scalar dataspace is a special case of the simple data space and is defined to be a 0-dimensional single data point in size. Currently only scalar and simple dataspaces are supported with this version of the H5S interface. Complex dataspaces will be defined and implemented in a future version. Complex dataspaces are intended to be used for such structures which are awkward to express in simple dataspaces, such as irregularly gridded data or adaptive mesh refinement data. This interface provides functions to set and query properties of a dataspace.
Operations on a dataspace include defining or extending the extent of the dataspace, selecting portions of the dataspace for I/O and storing the dataspaces in the file. The extent of a dataspace is the range of coordinates over which dataset elements are defined and stored. Dataspace selections are subsets of the extent (up to the entire extent) which are selected for some operation.
Selections also have a linearization ordering of the points selected (defaulting to "C" order, ie. last dimension changing fastest). The linearization order may be specified for each point or it may be chosen by the axis of the dataspace. For example, with the default "C" ordering, example 1's selected points are iterated through in this order: (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,1), (2,2), etc. With "FORTRAN" ordering, example 1's selected points would be iterated through in this order: (1,1), (2,1), (3,1), (4,1), (5,1), (1,2), (2,2), etc.
A dataspace may be stored in the file as a permanent object, to allow many datasets to use a commonly defined dataspace. Dataspaces with extendable extents (ie. unlimited dimensions) are not able to be stored as permanent dataspaces.
Dataspaces may be created using an existing permanent dataspace as a container to locate the new dataspace within. These dataspaces are complete dataspaces and may be used to define datasets. A dataspaces with a "parent" can be queried to determine the parent dataspace and the location within the parent. These dataspaces must currently be the same number of dimensions as the parent dataspace.
The functions defined in this section operate on dataspaces as a whole. New dataspaces can be created from scratch or copied from existing data spaces. When a dataspace is no longer needed its resources should be released by calling H5Sclose().
This function creates a new dataspace of a particular type. The types currently supported are H5S_SCALAR and H5S_SIMPLE; others are planned to be added later.
This function creates a new dataspace which is an exact copy of the dataspace space.
Releases resources associated with a dataspace. Subsequent use of the dataspace identifier after this call is undefined.
These functions operate on the extent portion of a dataspace.
Sets or resets the size of an existing dataspace, where rank is the dimensionality, or number of dimensions, of the dataspace. current_size is an array of size rank which contains the new size of each dimension in the dataspace. maximum_size is an array of size rank which contains the maximum size of each dimension in the dataspace. Any previous extent is removed from the dataspace, the dataspace type is set to H5S_SIMPLE and the extent is set as specified.
Removes the extent from a dataspace and sets the type to H5S_NO_CLASS.
Copies the extent from source_space to dest_space, which may change the type of the dataspace. Returns non-negative on success, negative on failure.
This function determines the number of elements in a dataspace. For example, a simple 3-dimensional dataspace with dimensions 2, 3 and 4 would have 24 elements. Returns the number of elements in the dataspace, negative on failure.
This function determines the dimensionality (or rank) of a dataspace. Returns the number of dimensions in the dataspace, negative on failure.
The function retrieves the size of the extent of the dataspace space by placing the size of each dimension in the array dims. Also retrieves the size of the maximum extent of the dataspace, placing the results in max. Returns non-negative on success, negative on failure.
Selections are maintained separately from extents in dataspaces and operations on the selection of a dataspace do not affect the extent of the dataspace. Selections are independent of extent type and the boundaries of selections are reconciled with the extent at the time of the data transfer. Selection offsets apply a selection to a location within an extent, allowing the same selection to be moved within the extent without requiring a new selection to be specified. Offsets default to 0 when the dataspace is created. Offsets are applied when an I/O transfer is performed (and checked during calls to H5Sselect_valid). Selections have an iteration order for the points selected, which can be any permutation of the dimensions involved (defaulting to 'C' array order) or a specific order for the selected points, for selections composed of single array elements with H5Sselect_elements. Further methods of selecting portions of a dataspace may be added in the future.
H5S_SELECT_SET Replaces the existing selection with the parameters from this call. Overlapping blocks are not supported with this operator.
H5S_SELECT_OR Adds the new selection to the existing selection.
The start array determines the starting coordinates of the hyperslab to select. The stride array chooses array locations from the dataspace with each value in the stride array determining how many elements to move in each dimension. Setting a value in the stride array to 1 moves to each element in that dimension of the dataspace, setting a value of 2 in a location in the stride array moves to every other element in that dimension of the dataspace. In other words, the stride determines the number of elements to move from the start location in each dimension. Stride values of 0 are not allowed. If the stride parameter is NULL, a contiguous hyperslab is selected (as if each value in the stride array was set to all 1's). The count array determines how many blocks to select from the dataspace, in each dimension. The block array determines the size of the element block selected from the dataspace. If the block parameter is set to NULL, the block size defaults to a single element in each dimension (as if the block array was set to all 1's).
For example, in a 2-dimensional dataspace, setting start to [1,1], stride to [4,4], count to [3,7] and block to [2,2] selects 21 2x2 blocks of array elements starting with location (1,1) and selecting blocks at locations (1,1), (5,1), (9,1), (1,5), (5,5), etc.
Regions selected with this function call default to 'C' order iteration when I/O is performed.
This function selects array elements to be included in the selection for the space dataspace. The number of elements selected must be set with the num_elements. The coord array is a two-dimensional array of size <dataspace rank> by <num_elements> in size (ie. a list of coordinates in the array). The order of the element coordinates in the coord array also specifies the order that the array elements are iterated through when I/O is performed. Duplicate coordinate locations are not checked for.
When operators other than H5S_SELECT_SET are used to combine a new selection with an existing selection, the selection ordering is reset to 'C' array ordering.
This function selects the special H5S_SELECT_ALL region for the space dataspace. H5S_SELECT_ALL selects the entire dataspace for any dataspace is is applied to.
This function resets the selection region for the space dataspace not to include any elements.
This function verifies that the selection for a dataspace is within the extent of the dataspace, if the currently set offset for the dataspace is used. Returns TRUE if the selection is contained within the extent, FALSE if it is not contained within the extent and FAIL on error conditions (such as if the selection or extent is not defined).
This function determines the number of elements in the current selection of a dataspace.
Sets the offset of a simple dataspace space. The offset array must be the same number of elements as the number of dimensions for the dataspace. If the offset array is set to NULL, the offset for the dataspace is reset to 0.
This function is a "convenience" wrapper to create a simple dataspace and set it's extent in one call. It is equivalent to calling H5Screate and H5Sset_extent_simple() in two steps.


I did an article a while ago about how to re-light a cigar if it was left to go out, but I realized that I never did an article on a proper light to start. Some people are of the mindset to cut off a chunk, put it in their mouth and start puffing with a gigantic flame and go for it. While that will get the job done, your experience will be enhanced if you follow a few easy steps to set up before you begin. Let's call this Toast, Puff & Turn.
Start with a toast, not with a glass and Scotch, although if you are I would not be mad at you, but take your lighter or matches and lightly blacken the foot of the cigar evenly. Do not put the flame directly onto the cigar however, or you will burn the tobacco. I know, you will be burning it anyway, but it is not the same. You essentially want to make an even base coat, like going tanning before going on a cruise. This will make the lighting more even and prevent some burn issues later on, like canoeing.


Pevný, T., Kopp, M., Kroustek, J., Ker, A.D.
PEVNÝ, T., et al. Malicons: Detecting Payload in Favicons. In: Media Watermarking, Security, and Forensics 2016. IS&T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2016 Media Watermarking, Security, and Forensics 2016, San Francisco, 2016-02-14/2016-02-18. Society for Imaging Science and Technology, 2016. p. 1-9. ISSN 2470-1173. DOI 10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2016.8.MWSF-079.


text:
'Those clouds aren't natural - they're man-made,' said the taxi-driver, glancing towards the horizon, 'they're all doing it, we're doing it, and the Russians, and the Americans'. For the whole of the ten minute taxi ride I listened to his tirade against cloud engineering. At the end of the journey he gave me his card and wrote a link to a website on the back.
At the time he seemed to be at the cranky end of science, akin to the observers of UFOs, but I remembered that one-sided conversation recently. I've been reading the Richard Hamblyn's book Clouds. The last chapter of the book is entitled 'Future Clouds' and uncovers a long catalogue of cloud engineering. This includes American military aircraft covertly seeding clouds in the hope of causing flash floods along the Ho Chi Min Trail during the Vietnam war, and China seeding clouds in the run-up to the 2008 Beijing Olympics to keep the Olympic Stadium rain-free (it was). In 1977 weather modification for military purposes was banned by an international convention of 40 countries, but cloud seeding is still being used, for example, for crop irrigation and to induce early snow in ski resorts.
More (worryingly) uncertain is the effect on climate change of anthropogenic clouds - created by industry, shipping and aircraft (that solitary contrail scrawled across a blue sky is only the tip of the anthropogenic cloud).
I can't claim to understand all the science in Hamblyn's book but I was impressed by his knowledge of clouds in art, music and literature. He prefaces his introduction with words from Wordsworth's Prelude (Book 1):
'I look about and should the guide I choose
Be nothing better than a wandering cloud,
I cannot miss my way.'
(It makes a change from the famous first line of 'Daffodils')
On a clear day I can see Snowdon from my kitchen window and love Wordsworth's description of emerging onto the summit above the clouds at or just before dawn:
'... at my feet
Rested a silent sea of heavy mist.
A hundred hills their dusky backs upheaved
All over this still ocean,' (Prelude Book 10)
Hamblyn quotes Gerard Manley Hopkins' letter (to the journal Nature) beginning, 'The sky was striped with cirrus clouds like the swaths of a hayfield.' There are several cloud quotations from 20th century poets. Philip Larkin's 'high-builded cloud/Moving at summer's pace' ('Cut Grass') is an example of cumulus cloud. Luke Howard, the man who in 1802 classified clouds under the names we still use today (cirrus, cumulus, strata) has inspired several poets, including Carol Ann Duffy ('Luke Howard: Namer of Clouds'), Billy Collins ('Student of Clouds') and Lavinia Greenlaw ('What We Can See Of The Sky Has Fallen: Luke Howard 1772 - 1864').
I was amazed to read about artificial clouds created by artists for art installations, including Antony Gormley's 'Blind Light'. Timothy Donnelly's futuristic (or is it?) poem sequence The Cloud Corporation describes how
'Fans conveying clouds through aluminium ducts
can be heard from up to a mile away, depending on
air temperature, humidity, the absence or presence
of any competing sound'
and goes on to ponder why manufactured clouds produce more of a response than 'clouds occurring in nature'.
The appeal of clouds to poets is aptly stated by Alexandra Harris (Weatherland): 'Like a much redrafted poem there is no single authoritative version of a cloud. The cloud-form is constantly revised and never finished' (see 'Is it nearly ready?' my blog of 28 May 2015).
Richard Hamblyn's Clouds: Nature and Culture (2017) is published in a lavishly illustrated paperback by Reakton Books.
* As for being on Cloud Nine - it comes from the Hon. Ralph Abercromby's 1896 cloud ranking. It's the ninth (highest) cloud, the cumulo-nimbus.
Labels: Alexandra Harris, Billy Collins, Carol Ann Duffy, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Lavinia Greenlaw, Philip Larkin, Richard Hamblyn, Timothy Donnelly, William Wordsworth
WRITING WHITE
The Ordnance Survey shows the slate quarries as blank spaces, white paper. The land has dropped out of the map.
I'm on a short writing retreat in Cwm Teigl in North Wales. I'm staying in a log cabin owned by Elin, who runs the bookshop (Yr Hen Bost) a few miles away in Blaenau Ffestiniog. She has lent me Trwy Ddyddiau Gwydr (Gwasg Careg Gwalch 2013), a collection of poems by Sian Northey. They are contemporary free-verse poems in Welsh, including a poem for Elin's daughter. They are short poems (fortunately!) and I read them, falteringly, and try to piece together the words. The poems sound wonderful and the poet uses alliteration to great effect. I am hoping my knowledge of the language will progress so that I can understand more of the words!
Elin has a beautiful semi-wild garden – at this time of year it's a riot of leafy green with splashes of colour from wild, cultivated and feral flowers. I've brought a jumble of notes, my laptop and a stack of white paper. I plan to get some writing done but this evening the outdoors is distracting.
I go for a short walk up the valley, following the Afon Teigl which chatters in the companionable voice of an upland stream tumbling over small rocks. An occasional swallow swoops after flies and the sun is low on the horizon turning the water pewter. Growing along the banks are tall spindly sycamore and ash trees, newly leaved (the oak before the ash this year).
The road is unfenced and ewes with lambs stare at me, or stamp their feet before making their way up the steep hillside. Cwm Teigl has a different smell from the lush flowery lanes of Llŷn. Perhaps it's a combination of the short-grazed mountain grass, the new shoots of rushes, the acid soil. It's an upland smell of spring which reminds me of family picnics on the Berwyns, breaking the journey from Warwickshire to Llŷn when I was a child. The ancient cars my father drove (an Austin 7 and later a converted Ford van named Noah's Ark from its registration latters NOA and its variety of two and four legged passengers) always overheated at the top of the Tanat Valley. We would pile out of the car for a picnic lunch while the engine recovered.
Cwm Teigl shows little evidence of the slate industry whose huge waste tips are so obvious a few miles away at Blaenau Ffestiniog. The cwm is a quiet valley – in half an hour's walking I meet one walker and a cyclist. A solitary car passes me. The driver gives me a wave. If I were to follow the road as it climbs up the slopes of Manod Fawr, whose screes and cliffs dominate the north west side of the valley, I would eventually reach the Manod and Graig Ddu slate quarries, the cartographer's blank white paper.
But for the next few days I hope that at least some of my white pages will be filled with words.
Labels: Cwm Teigl, Sian Northey
'TO RHYME AND CHIME FOR A CHAIR'
Great to hear poet Twm Morys on today's Sunday afternoon poetry slot on Radio 4 today. His programme explored and explained the intricate art of Cynghanedd in Welsh poetry and its origins as far back as the sixth century. Basically Cynghanedd refers to the complex patterns of rhyme and alliteration in various poetic forms in Welsh literature. Mererid Hopwood was one of the speakers - in 2001 she became the first woman poet to win the Bardic Chair at the National Eisteddfod (after all those centuries!). Both Dylan Thomas and Gerard Manley Hopkins used the techniques of Cynghanedd in their work.
A fascinating programme - you can catch it on BBC Radio 4 next Saturday night at 11.30pm or listen again on the BBC website.
THE ROOF OF THE WORLD
Welsh slate roofed the world.
This was no empty claim in the nineteenth century. Look at rows of Victorian terraces and villas in most of our major cities and you will see them roofed with dark purplish-grey slate from North Wales.
Yesterday evening I went to Blaenau Ffestiniog. The pavements are slate, the buildings are slate, the roofs are slate. Blaenau's fortune and decline were built on slate and the huge screes surrounding the town are the evidence. Now the narrow gauge railway which once took slate to the harbour at Porthmadog is a major tourist attraction (run by paid staff and volunteer enthusiasts).
But I was in the town for a book launch at Yr Hen Bost, a gem of a little indie bookshop, run by Elin. There are two floors of new and second hand books: books in Welsh, books in English, children's books, local books, novels, poetry and more. So few bookshops stock poetry magazines these days so it was good to see the latest issue of Poetry Wales for sale.
Blaenau (or more accurately nearby Tan y Grisiau) is also the home of Cinnamon Press, which publishes some fine poetry and fiction, as well as Envoi poetry magazine. I was at Yr Hen Bost for a double Cinnamon book launch. There were over 30 people squeezed into the small downstairs room of the bookshop. It was good to meet Cinnamon's proprietor, Jan Fortune, who introduced the two writers. Adam Craig read from his novel In Dreams the Minotaur Appears Last. The first long-sentence extract was a tour de force of stream of consciousness style writing while the second extract was a deliciously satirical description of a party in Paris in the 1970s.
Michelle Angharad Pashley read from the prologue of her crime novel The Remains of the Dead. The prologue had an edge which was almost unbearable - the kind of writing where you are
frightened to read on but feel you have to in order to find some kind of explanation. The second extract she gave us was about the discovery of a body which must have been the one buried in the prologue . . .
I had time to explore the streets of Blaenau Ffestiniog and discovered that the town has a rich literary history, now celebrated in the poetry, prose and sayings carved into pieces of slate. There is information about writers who came from the town, including Gwyn Thomas, the National Poet of Wales (2006-8).
I stayed overnight and came back this morning on the train on the Conwy Valley line (another railway that had its origins in carrying slate). The Saturday morning train was crowded with young teenagers on a day out, locals off to the shops at Llandudno and a few tourists. The mist hung over the mountains surrounding Blaenau as we left and I took out my book to read. The train plunged through the Ffestiniog Tunnel and emerged into brilliant sunshine in the high valley. I closed my book. The upland birches were tinged with green, there were splashes of bright yellow gorse, Dolwyyddelan Castle looked down from its imposing vantage point. The clear blue sky was reflected in the water of the river. As the train slowly made its way down the steep gradient the valley widened and became the Conwy estuary with acolourful shelduck out on the mud flats.
At Llanrwst - a large modern building near to the line was inscribed Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, publishers of Welsh interest books in Welsh and English (and publishers of the book I hadn't read because the spring morning was so wonderful).
www.cinnamonpress.com
www.blaenauffestiniog.org
Labels: Adam Craig, Cinnamon Press, Jan Fortune, Michelle Angharad Pashley

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
What Does 'Neoliberalism' Really Mean?
Phillip Magness | From the January 2019 issue
(Harvard University Press)
Globalists: The End of Empire and the Birth of Neoliberalism, by Quinn Slobodian, Harvard University Press, 400 pages, $35
The word neoliberal is academia's most reviled poltergeist. The term's definition is notoriously fluid, though it usually involves a litany of tropes about globalization and "market ideology" leaving a destructive trail of exploitation and inequality around the world. The scholarly literature on neoliberalism is as vast as it is vacuous, typically deploying its subject as a pejorative stand-in for free market economics. But neoliberalism isn't much more than a ghost of an ideology—or at least it doesn't have many claimants. There are no self-identified neoliberal schools of thought today, excluding minor attempts to appropriate the phrase.
A small group of academics, among them Ludwig von Mises and F.A. Hayek, did briefly bat the term around in the late 1930s as they tried to carve out a place for free market ideas amid the Depression and Europe's growing clouds of illiberalism. The name never really stuck, though. Its closest cousin today comes not from Mises or Hayek but from the lesser-known German "ordoliberal" school that developed after the war—essentially a rule-based blend of market principles, conservative central banking, and a fiscally disciplined social safety net. Yet for reasons of both intellectual interest and ideology, modern theorists point to the Mises-Hayek group as an origin story for their poltergeist.
Globalists: The End of Empire and the Birth of Neoliberalism is a thoroughgoing attempt to develop a historical link between the classical liberal economists of the interwar period and the posited ascendance of neoliberalism in our time. The author, Wellesley historian Quinn Slobodian, contends that the "neoliberal" institutions of today—by which he means the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Bank, and an assortment of international trade conventions—are the progeny of the aforementioned classical liberals of the early 20th century. The twist, Slobodian contends, is that maintaining an international capitalist norm requires deviation from the precepts of laissez faire. Thus we arrive at a neoliberal institutional structure today that trumps not only national sovereignty but alleged manifestations of popular will, particularly those that might "collectively" appropriate private wealth.
Several elements of this book are impressive. Slobodian digs deep into the archives to map out his subjects' intellectual network, dubbing them the "Geneva School" in the process. But his excavations are processed from a heavily ideological vantage point that is almost completely adversarial toward his subject matter. Globalists is awash in fascinating content, but its author is often adrift at interpreting the important material he has accumulated.
This problem manifests in two related ways. The first is a basic unfamiliarity with economics as a scholarly discipline. Many subjects Slobodian presents as idiosyncratic characteristics of free market ideology are, rather, matters of common economic consensus. His presentation of the history of trade liberalization as a distinctively neoliberal project is symptomatic.
Although Slobodian focuses on European contributions to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and its successor, the WTO, you cannot contextualize this story accurately without discussing the collapse in global trade following the United States' disastrous Smoot-Hawley tariff of 1930. But it wasn't an overlooked school of economists in Geneva who reversed this course. It was mainly President Franklin Roosevelt and the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934. This measure inaugurated a global paradigm shift away from legislative tariff-making and toward the diplomacy-centric model we know today.
This New Deal angle is missing from Slobodian's story, although there is no shortage of trying to retrofit neoliberal thinkers into the deep background of today's global trade institutions—even as he concedes that there was "little or no input from the neoliberals themselves" at key political moments in the processes.
This is not to suggest that Slobodian's Geneva School was absent from trade debates. Quite the contrary. Gottfried Haberler, for example, was one of the leading mid-century trade economists and applied his influence to reducing trade barriers. Twentieth-century trade liberalization is simply a much broader and more politically diverse story than the one Slobodian tells.
A second and perhaps more serious problem is the author's ideological myopia. Slobodian carries with him the training of a scholar steeped in critical theory, power asymmetries, and the "Global South" of postcolonial solidarity movements. These tools are not necessarily unsuited for the subject, but they add several eccentricities to the analysis. Thus, Mao Zedong is introduced to the reader as simply an "anticolonial intellectual," while the very concept of property rights is presented as another "neoliberal" convention.
The author's myopia extends to the heart of his attempt to coin a distinctively neoliberal Geneva School of economic thought. The designation comes from the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Mises' Geneva-based academic home in the late interwar period, which served as a point of connection for nearly all the figures in Slobodian's account. The conservative economist Wilhelm Roepke relocated there in 1937, and a slew of visiting appointments and conferences brought Hayek, Haberler, Lionel Robbins, and the German ordoliberals to its campus.
The institute did indeed play an important and neglected role as an academic waystation for several camps of free market thought. But Slobodian struggles to identify the commonality that brought so many prominent figures to such a small and relatively obscure institution at this point in time. He offers elaborate theories to this end, including a Depression-era crisis of method that shook market theory loose of its laissez faire precepts, a shared contempt for democracy, even an element of pining for the dissipated remnants of the Habsburg empire. The elephant in the room is that these scholars congregated in Geneva as they fled Hitler's persecution campaigns.
To economic liberals, anti-fascist conservatives, and ethnically Jewish academics, Switzerland was the life raft of the German-speaking world. Yet aside from a few passing references to a flight from Vienna because of "the coming fascist wave," the Nazi threat is largely missing from Slobodian's account. This is no small oversight, as Hayek's seminal Road to Serfdom (1944) and Mises' lesser-known Planned Chaos (1947) grappled directly with this totalitarian upheaval.
Slobodian does not just miss this; he offers frequent asides that imply subtle affinities between the Geneva School and Nazism. Thus we're told that only the raising of tariff walls soured certain "neoliberal" perspectives on fascism; that the Geneva School acquired its "global imaginary" from the ex-Nazi legal philosopher Carl Schmitt; that Hayek's conceptual distinction between law and legislation was "shared" with Schmitt (though Hayek was more apt to link this distinction to Enlightenment antecedents); and that certain selectively curated statements of Mises and Roepke evinced fascistic sympathies. The most charitable thing that can be said of these swipes is that they simplify a complex context (e.g., the ordoliberals did engage with Schmitt's work; Hayek wrote that Schmitt "regularly came down on what to me appears both morally and intellectually the wrong side"). But they also omit their subjects' adversarial relationships with Nazi ideology. One might have noted, for example, that in the 1920s, Mises stood as a rare academic voice against eugenically tinged immigration restrictions and population control measures.
Slobodian similarly imposes an ideological lens onto mid-century geopolitics. The problem of communism, a central preoccupation of market liberals, is relegated to a peripheral concern, while the decolonization of the Global South—a subject closer to the author's own training—assumes center stage. Decolonization is an important issue, and one of Slobodian's more interesting chapters contains a biting critique of Roepke's retrograde racial views in the context of South African apartheid. The evidence that Slobodian develops leaves a considerable mark on the conservative economist's legacy, and it shows the ethical tensions at play in the fight against communism. Less examined is Roepke's bitter falling out with Hayek and his eventual departure from the pro-market Mont Pelerin Society—a missed opportunity, since this episode reveals pronounced internal disagreement among a group of scholars who too often are casually lumped under that broad neoliberal label.
While Slobodian asserts a direct lineage "from the end of the Habsburg Empire to the foundation of the World Trade Organization," that final step is the weakest part of the evidentiary trail. Finding a conspicuous absence of direct Geneva School representation inside the WTO, Slobodian must instead argue that its intellectual influence seeped into the institution's administrative ranks. He shows that a handful of formative players in the GATT's evolution used Hayek in their work, crossed paths with Mont Pelerin members, and believed in free trade. He seems to forget that Hayek attained high stature in economics and an accompanying level of citations, or that trade economists interact professionally with other trade economists. What he presents as intellectual genealogy looks awfully similar to routine scholarly exchanges around an influential figure, or to a widely shared consensus belief of the profession.
A sympathetic reader of Globalists might reply that this citation pattern and economists' free trade doctrines offer their own evidence of neoliberalism's triumph. And Slobodian has made a reasonable case that his subjects' ideas extend well into the economic mainstream, albeit asymmetrically. That finding is intriguing in its own right, when it is not lost in the chaos of an ideological ghost hunt.
NEXT: Coach Nick Saban Could Get a Huge Pension, Courtesy of Alabama Taxpayers
Phillip Magness
Neoliberalism Classical liberalism Globalization Free Markets
A Lady of Reason
December.30.2018 at 10:00 am
Whatever merits classical liberalism had, such as open mindedness, what we now call liberalism is nothing more than superficial virtue signaling, hypocrisy and "tolerance" only for their point of view. Everyone else is a bigot and a bad person! Sad!
https://aladyofreason.wordpress.com/
Rev. Arthur L. Kirkland
December.30.2018 at 2:35 pm
Not all conservatives are bigots. Most of them merely appease bigotry because they see that as the best chance left to prop up their stale right-wing ideology.
Incomprehensible Bitching
Neoliberals ridiculously obsess over free trade. Sad. Tariffs allow nations to win trade wars bigly.
DajjaI
I see neoliberalism as being capitalism but with a government issued social safety net. My main problem with it is the safety net – it is unnecessary and even counterproductive. It is too easily manipulated and abused and makes people dependent and resentful. We are told that people will die in the streets without it, but in fact people are dying in the streets as a result of it. (E.g. homelessness, drug addiction 'treatment', France.) But beyond that, neoliberals tend to focus on 'democracy' instead of freedom. Soros is a good example. The problem of course, is that democracies quickly erode freedom of minorities. Instead, they should focus on basic rights and equality. Currently the only country in the world with free speech is the USA. I would like to read a book about why other countries seem to have no interest in importing this value.
How about you focus on reading some intelligent things instead of the craphole dregs of conspiracy bullshit? George Soros? WTF? It's like you people work hard to be stupid.
A world before safety nets was not a fun world, relatively speaking. Ask any of the gazillions of brain-damaged morons yelling in concert with FOX News all day as they take in every government penny available to them.
Fancylad
George Soros? WTF?
Tell us all again about the dangers of the Koch brothers, Tony.
Still Curmudgeoned (Nunya)
December.31.2018 at 8:23 am
In Tony land all people on his side have only benevolent intentions AND outcomes.
a ab abc abcd abcde abcdef ahf
The world before safety nets was the world where extreme poverty was the default position of all but the most powerful, whose life was only marginally better. Once markets and capitalism began lifting the world out of poverty, statists invented safety nets as a means of increasing state power, not as a means of making lives better. The world would be better off without government safety nets, where the phrase really means safety for statists and nets to ensnare everybody else. Person-to-person charity does more to help the poor than government.
loveconstitution1789
The key point is that any word with "Liberalism" used by Lefties, never means being Pro-Liberty, Pro-freedom, or Pro-Civil Rights.
Its just another way to fool the Useful Idiots to fight for Socialism under whatever delusion they can stomach.
Hank Phillips
Liberal in Bastiat's time meant laissez-faire, but sugar and cotton planters wanted "property" to mean slaves, as in Biblical times. Princeton economics Prof. Joseph Stagg Lawrence's "Wall Street and Washington" revived laissez-faire in a modern libertarian sense in 1929, when Bert Hoover was sworn in to enforce the Five & Ten felony beer law. Hoover's denunciations of laissez-faire would have done Hitler or Stalin credit, but were, after all, required by his oath of office. Hoover's Administration wrecked and burned once the Dems copied the Liberal Party repeal plank. As a result Hoover was the last Republican elected until Tricky Dick rode in as veep on Ike's coattails. Republicans copied Hitler's 1932 pronunciation of liberal, but outside of the US Republican party, liberal means gelded libertarian. Communists hate "liberales" and libertarios alike as "la misma cosa" just as objectivists lump Wallace collectivists, the Klan, Birchers, Nationalsocialists, mixed-economy looters and communists into the looter circle. But only in Amerika does "liberal" mean "non-nazi," communist or "anti-prohibitionist" as if they were synonyms and a bad thing. The rest of the world is baffled by this equivocation.
Nardz
You're even more vapid than Tony
"The author, Wellesley historian Quinn Slobodian, contends that the "neoliberal" institutions of today?by which he means the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Bank, and an assortment of international trade conventions?are the progeny of the aforementioned classical liberals of the early 20th century. The twist, Slobodian contends, is that maintaining an international capitalist norm requires deviation from the precepts of laissez faire. Thus we arrive at a neoliberal institutional structure today that trumps not only national sovereignty but alleged manifestations of popular will, particularly those that might "collectively" appropriate private wealth."
This quote (large as it is) seems to give the author's whole game away.
The ascendency of the "neoliberalism" he's bemoaning isn't the result of the ideas of any time so much as it's the result of the failure of communism and central planning and the facts of market forces and how they work in reality. Market forces worked as they do before anyone ever discovered and described them. If Mises and Hayek and Adam Smith had never been born, market forces would have had their way with us in reality anyway and central planning would still be a failure.
Do you people have any idea how many millions of people are harmed every year by the laws of physics? It isn't just car crashes; it's also things elderly people falling in their bathtubs and breaking a hip. Little kids breaking their arms when they fall from a tree. Every gun I've ever seen works on the principles of these damn laws of physics. And you know who's to blame? It's that evil Isaac Newton, that's who. If only it weren't for Isaac Newton and his ideas, millions and millions of people would be safe from the evil force of gravity!
I have often compared markets to gravity, usually as the long term futility of trying to dam a river; but you've done a better job. Thanks, and I will crib your comments 🙂
I have often compared markets to gravity
Gravity is merely a theory, much like evolution.
Whatever gravity is, it acts upon us and has always done so regardless of whether we believe in it or whether Newton or someone else accurately described it.
Whether you believe in market forces and the ways they operate, they're at work on us anyway, and it wouldn't matter if Adam Smith, Mises, or Hayek had never lived and described their interactions. Market forces would still be acting on us anyway.
In those ways, market forces are like forces in physics. Two things don't need to be perfectly alike in every way in order to be an appropriate analogy–so long as the ways in which they're the same are the things being compared.
Women are like flowers in that they're all beautiful in their own way. Pointing out that women don't use photosynthesis is a red herring. Women are like flowers in that they're all beautiful in their own way regardless of whether flowers use photosynthesis. And if you can't follow such a simple analogy because it offends your preferred narrative, then you should probably question your own objectivity–if you can.
Not surprisingly, force-initiating conservatives eagerly adopt the looter rhetoric of market "force." In agorist reality, "free markets," the complete, correct, uncoercive and politically uncommunistic expression, mean freedom of trade and production. Freedom, in a political context, is freedom from the very coercion communists and conservatives BOTH want to force on us at gunpoint–and out of altruistic concern for our own "good." When Adam Smith spoke of the "violence of law," he was referring to THOSE sort of forces.
Well, you could flight test yourself in regard to gravity being a theory, but I don't recommend it. The best description of flying I ever ran across described it as basically falling… and missing the ground. Normally, a mistake that big requires a government grant, but I digress.
You really don't understand how you made Ken's point!
December.30.2018 at 12:14 pm
Yea, that sadly is lost on too many jackasses that get into government service. They have the delusion and arrogance to think that things will work if just THEY were the ones with the big gun. Their malfeasance does border on mental retardation in all honesty in their inability to ever admit fault or reverse course.
The left seems to be all about narrative. They somehow think that believing in things is what gives them their power–as if the belief in free market capitalism, somehow, is the thing that makes central planning fail.
Somehow, they do imagine that the American experience with central planning would achieve better results than what happened in the Soviet Union, China, East Germany, North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela, and that's because if Liz Warren were in charge, well, she cares about people.
Somehow the futility of the exercise never enters into their calculations. Like I said, it doesn't matter if you don't believe in physics. If the plane you design doesn't account for them, it will crash and burn. And it doesn't matter who the pilot is or how much the pilot isn't a racist, isn't a homophobe, and cares about people. That isn't the issue.
Earth Skeptic
I agree, but the right (and perhaps, by definition, all political types who want power) is just as much about the narrative. Traditional conservatives have bible stories and other archaic moral codes to enforce, lest we end up on some god's shit list. Necons need enemies to wage war upon–to keep us safe, of course. And whatever Trump represents needs fairy tales of all kinds, along with a savior figure(head).
All of these are just as eager for a government that directs THEIR narrative.
We're not talking about that. We're talking about the belief in "neoliberalism", by which the author of this book appears to imagine that it's the belief in markets that is the problem. Like I keep saying, markets would behave as they do even if we didn't believe in them.
If creationism is comparable, it's only that organisms evolve regardless of what creationists believe. But who's trying to build an economy around creationism? Creationism is relatively unimportant that way. The right isn't trying to inflict creationism on us the way that the left is trying to inflict central planning.
I'm sure this tussle over "neoliberalism" matters to some, but it strikes me as some modern descendant of how many angels could dance on a pin head. Statism is statism is statism, and would smell as sickly by any other name. What matter is self-ownership, and there's a name which needs little definition. Liberty is liberty is liberty, and offends statists as much by whatever name they dredge up at any time.
Go live somewhere without a state and see how much liberty you have available to you.
They would 100% Liberty in Anarchyland.
Unfortunately, Socialists like you will try and take it from them via force.
Liberty defined a certain, stupid, way, yes.
Poor Tony doesnt like the Reality of words. Big shocker!
The subliterate approach — capitalization, grammar — indicates an audition for the Trump Tweety Team.
TLBD
If it is good enough for Thomas Jefferson it is good enough for me.
Also, fuck off troll.
Thomas Jefferson owned people and extended the US federal government over half a continent.
IJustWorkHere
And he died bankrupt, too. Not great for someone expected to support free markets, even if he whittled away at his debt by selling books to the Congressional library while he was president.
Jefferson was President for 8 years. Back then, it wasn't cool to get rich off your position of power in the US. He was working for the country rather than himself. He paid for his own travel and for dinners with foreign officials. Sure, he should have reduced his lifestyle and budgeted better, but to claim it is some stain on the market is the height of idiocy.
Absolutely, spectacularly stupid. You should be ashamed of yourself for being that dumb.
And we Americans see how bad Socialism is…so we can actively avoid it.
Sometimes personal experience causes one to advocate for others to be better. Thomas Jefferson fought for America to be better in the future.
MAGA!
That is rich coming from you.
How is your second point bad or evil?
OpenBordersLiberal-tarian
Putin says Russia is ready for 'wide ranging' dialogue with US in the new year
Yeah. Sure. "Dialogue."
Actually, it can't be called a dialogue when one side pulls the puppet strings of the other. As we all know by now ? and as Robert Mueller will definitively prove next year ? Drumpf works directly for Putin. That frighteningly irresponsible Syria withdrawal? Putin made Drumpf do it. I voted for Hillary Clinton in part because I knew she'd never do something so reckless, so counterproductive to global stability.
Patriotic Americans shouldn't want dialogue at this point anyway. Russia's 2016 attack on our voting system was no less serious than Pearl Harbor or 9 / 11. Putin must be forcefully confronted for hacking our democracy, and military action should not be off the table.
#StillWithHer
#TrumpRussia
#LibertariansForStayingInSyria
#LibertariansForGettingToughWithRussia
creech
Red Army weak. Our boys could be in Moscow by March if we had a present day version of Gen. Patton. F**k Asiatic Bolshevism!
Our boys could be in Moscow by March if we had a present day version of Gen. Patton.
If the next Democratic Commander in Chief decides that's the optimal strategy, I'll support it.
Jerryskids
Damn, this makes me think "neo-liberalism" means whatever the hell the Left wants it to mean and what the Left always wants words to mean is the exact opposite of what normal people consider the term to mean. ("Inclusivity". I rest my case.)
When you talk about "the "neoliberal" institutions of today?by which he means the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Bank, and an assortment of international trade conventions" as if they're anywhere in the same universe as classical liberalism and free market ideology, you're either ignorant, insane or Orwellian. Globalism is simply rule by Top Men, the scientific technocracy favored by the likes of Woodrow Wilson, Benito Mussolini and busy-body Nanny State buttinskis everywhere who think God was an idiot for creating a universe filled with people too stupid to run their own lives without their advice and consent. They intend to rectify God's mistake.
Trump: "We give Israel billions of dollars, they'll be okay." This cavalier attitude is deeply worrying. Ignores the role of US as force multiplier for Israeli deterrence. From here it's a short step to Trump asking: why are we giving Israel so much money?
This is exactly what you'd expect from an alt-right white supremacist President ? questioning the relationship between the US and Israel. Such anti-Semitic thoughts might appeal to David Duke and Pat Buchanan, but decent Americans should reject them.
#LibertariansForGivingIsraelMoney
I see you missed something about Duke: he does nothing but proverbial silver crosses his palm first. His "endorsement" of Trump was not an endorsement, it was supposed to be a bag of bricks tied to the leg of a drowning man. He's a dixiecrat in drag, and his home state rejects him resoundingly whenever he pops out of the woodwork.
So the question we must ask is… what did Duke receive in 2016, and who shoveled it to him? Please note his preferred currency is recent donor and mailing lists that can be sold to campaigns for quick cash.
One afterthought: for all the overreach of Mueller, how is it that Duke hasn't fallen into the investigation column? Considering how easy pickings that is for staining Trump by proxy, the absence of interest in somebody so widely reviled is truly remarkable.
C. S. P. Schofield
Without reference to this book, I would have to say that "Neoliberal" means that the same old buttinsky Progressive/Lefties are feeling the need for a new rebranding…since the Deplorables aren't listening to their betters under the current labels.
I think they're going to find that the Deplorables quickly conclude that if it walks like a Schmuck and it talks like a Schmuck and it condescends like a Schmuck, it's a Schmuck.
True. Outside These States and Dominions, barbarians leapt on "neo-conservative" as a refreshing new way to talk about non-communists without dragging in Gentile Mendelian Race Suicide theories that drive T Roosevelt, G Wallace and A Hitler protagonists apoplectic about forcing them Jezebels to squeeze out pups for Fuehrer und Vaterland!
Alan Vanneman
Nice article!
If you're an American who constantly sings the virtues of federalism, it would be odd to complain about the lack of direct democratic access to international institutions (which are easy targets of conspiracy theorists, but which do a pretty good job at preventing WWIII, so far). Nation-states are going to interact one way or another, and it's better if it's cooperatively rather than antagonistically. I've long leaned more democratically (small d) than most people here, but you guys hate democracy because you think you're entitled to everything you want just because . . . you're intellectually and emotionally stunted? Mom didn't buy you Cheetos every time you yelled for some from her basement?
But democracy is just one check among many on institutions, one that carries the talisman of legitimization. People with buy-in are calmer, and passion is the real problem. Wars don't happen because people think war is the most logical use of resources. Riots are a failure of good policy-making, including a misallocation of wealth away from the people doing most of the work and toward people who've found novel ways of accumulating it so that they can stick it in their ears and go "ptphptpht!"
Nothing is guaranteed, but Plato had this figured out long before Madison. Be cool and don't be so emotional about things. We're all in it together, as even a libertarian will acknowledge the moment he needs something from someone else.
"don't be so emotional about things."
AH HA HA HA HA HA!!!!
You say in a calm, dignified manner.
Exactly passion and over emotionality are the real enemy. We need to enact good policies that placate the poor so they don't rise up and ruin everything. That's the basis of good society, and explains how miserable everyone was in the USA before FDR. I know few of you were alive back then, but I've read books: trust me.
Also, one could say civilization began when the wiser, more peaceful societies built walls to repel invaders and outsiders. For thousands of years, civilization has depended on walls. I like civilization. Do you?
Depended? Name a wall that actually worked. Also, we have flying machines now.
I'm sorry, but walls are necessary and do work, because if they didn't, they wouldn't have been built in the first place. Obviously, the free market of no walls just didn't work. QED.
Not even the Great Wall of China worked. It is however highly amusing arguing against massive government projects that serve no purpose except to attempt to subjugate people for no reason–against libertarians.
The Great Wall of China didn't work, so all walls are pointless.
We have more than rocks now, you know.
You say "worked" as if their is some kind of pure. No, what's real is efficacy – your local jail probably has an escapee rate of less than 0.1%, so there's one wall that worked. That and one of the longest standing cultures on the planet is… China. What of their wall?
That and they built and uses the wall over the course of centuries.
Strange effort for an idea that didn't "work." Or, Tony is functionally retarded.
All evidence points to the latter.
"Name a wall that actually worked."
The Israeli terror-preventing wall
Magness and Slobodian exemplify the self-deception whereby mercantilists and communists alike blink away the traffic in opiates by Germany, Austro-Hungary, France, the UK (through Japan) and yes, Switzerland, which was glutted by effective Chinese prohibition in 1912. The Hague convention lacked a few signatures, opportunity knocked and the Balkan Wars soon escalated into the Great War among the morphine processing nations. This inconvenient fact, along with Ayn Rand's post-Nuremberg reworking of ethical principles (and economics) simply HAVE to be swept under the carpet. On this, Slobodian's communist and Magness' mixed-economy ideologies are in perfect agreement. SInce 1957, Von Mises and Hayek are shoved into the limelight by advocates for the initiation of force–primarily as impotent catspaws to obfuscate the revolution pioneered by Ayn Rand. Magness and Slobodian will, I'll wager, deny that Mabel Willebrandt's syndicated column on Prohibition reversed the slope of stock prices in These States on 03SEP1929 (or at least feign bewilderment at the suggestion). But the mixed-economy cartels dumping heroin in China were the root of both World Wars. Anti-libertarian professors and writers of "both" mixed-economy schools are induced, like Orwell's most useful dog, to elide any fact that might encroach upon the fantasy-world that points away from how Prohibition and its exploitation molded economic collapse and war in the 20th Century.
Normally, tilting at labels is worth examining – there's often something to learn about ourselves and the world at large. But I find myself laden with ennui, adrift in a sea of disinformation and outright idiocy. Too many political hacks of various stripes have done so much violence to language and ideas… I'm about to give up on labels. For example: does anyone know what a "conservative" is anymore? I don't. It may have been clear in the 60s, but LBJ's big government juggernaut pretty much steamrolled past William F. Buckley and left him in the dust. The metastasizing cancer of identity politics hasn't helped my predicament one iota either. Today, the label of "liberal" is in just as bad a shape with the Occasional Cortex bursting on the scene and a landscape of Bernie bots tilting at their own windmills with less realism than most cubists can muster. It may be that western civilization has simply imploded. But there's no video of that to collectively sum it up, so don't look for it on the news.
In short: I hate Harvard.
A conservative, at least in America, is someone who actively works to destroy everything on planet earth. Words, how silly they are!
I would describe the term neoliberalism as the modern ideology to make the rest of the world look/exist like the US or Europe. By using economic, political, or warfare to create these changes in hopes of having a international democratic order.
I think that better describes neocons. But you are right in the regards that there is little difference between the two, ultimately.
I think a neoliberal is basically Hillary Clinton. A soulless monster that knows the right words to say, but ultimately has no real principles besides accumulating power. Another example would be pretty much the entire EU. Within this ideology lies their useful idiots and willing tools, such as the Reason staff, that spend most of their efforts covering up their misdeeds and doing their best to destroy the enemies of neoliberals.
No Longer Amused
My first guess was "reboiled Marxism" and it appears I'm very wrong.
The End of this and The End of that.
Can we come up with different titles?!
Socialists like to call right-wingers (or policies they don't like) 'neoliberals'. At least, that's how one socialist on the radio used to.
So, for example, if a politician wanted to curb spending through austerity measures, it was called 'neoliberal'.
mr.roda
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text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


When Tom Key read that an A-26 Invader was going to be part of Kansas' Hutchinson Airport Fly-In of historic aircraft, he went to the airport to learn more and found himself sitting with airport manager Pieter Miller. How much, Key asked, would it cost to get a ride on the Lady Liberty, the A-26 owned and operated by the Commemorative Air Force? "About $500 to $550," Miller replied. "Well," said Key, who came with a folder full of his military records and photos, "if a guy had flown 50 missions in an A-26, would that cut any ice?" Like a chainsaw, as it turns out.
While Mary Hamilton Moe of Chevy Chase, Maryland, was growing up in suburban Philadelphia, her father would teach her to drive at the local cemetery, where she couldn't hurt anyone. But teenage Moe wasn't interested in driving at all. She wanted to fly. Life, however, always got in the way, said the 91-year-old great-grandmother of two.
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Humans aren't very good at evaluating risk. It's a sad truth that contributes to the potential danger of aviation. One problem is that real danger, or risk, is different from perceived risk. We tend to either over or under "value" the risks we face.
Australian teen Alex Fisher is set to become one of the youngest people to fly solo around the country, when he takes off on a 19-day flight to raise money for the Royal Flying Doctors Service. The seventeen-year-old is a member of the Australian Air Force Cadets and will take to the skies for a fundraising Flight of Solidarity. Along with raising money and awareness for the Royal Flying Doctors Service, Alex is expected to become the youngest pilot to circumnavigate Australia solo.
It doesn't happen often, but just for a moment, Doris Stevens didn't have the words. Only minutes earlier, she made the pilot sitting beside her blush when she asked if he was trying to touch her. But awe and joy were etched on her face when asked to describe what it was like to fly 610 meters over the Annapolis Valley in a Cessna 172. The Liverpool, Nova Scotia, woman celebrated her 102nd birthday and her family arranged for the flight in the small plane for the adventure-loving great-grandmother.
The first time Jessie Abrams, 15, flew up in a single-engine Cessna 182, he was hooked. "You look down and it is like a whole different world," Abrams said, on the end of a Sikorsky Memorial Airport tarmac as Bridgeport Military Academy air cadets, like him, lined up for a turn in the four-seater. "You are 3,000-plus feet in the air. It's amazing, exciting and still scary." For 15 students in the academy's Civil Air Patrol club, school is a place to learn about aircraft systems and how to read flight navigation charts along with academics.


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These are gauged earrings that have a magnetic clasp and are designed to be worn through tunnels, NOT DIRECTLY IN THE EAR.
Every pair comes with a FREE set of gold plated tunnels.
Each pair is made from a small delicate cut of raw Amethyst that is electroformed around the edges in 14kt gold. Each pair is unique and has varying purple colors and inclusions. You will receive a pair similar to the one in the photo but not the exact pair.
All jewelry arrives in a beautiful custom made box designed to keep your earrings safe when not in use.


The famous 50-10-40 formula is prominent in work done by positive psychologist Sonja Lyubomirsky.
50% of happiness is determined by your genes.
10% of happiness is determined by the circumstances in which you live.
40% of happiness is determined by your actions, your attitude or optimism, and the way you handle situations.
Where does this theory come from?
According to Jasper Bergink, a 1996 study by Lykken and Tellegen compared well-being levels of samples of pairs of identical and non-identical twins in Minnesota, either raised together or apart. This differentiation allows to test both the impact of same or different genetics (identical vs non-identical) vs same or different environment (raised together or apart), e.g. both nature and nurture effects. Namely, identical twins share the same genes, and non-identical ones do not.
Lykken and Telleken found that the correlation of levels of well-being of identical twins in both cases are around 50%, significantly higher than for non-identical ones (2-8%). As such, they conclude that around half the variation is determined by genetics. This would leave another half determined by other factors. But it is important to note that this particular study has a limited sample. The smallest groups consists of only 36 pairs or 72 people. From a sample of twins in Minnesota, it is hard to draw so strong conclusions for human population as such.
The variance in happiness is not the full answer. In a comment of the preference of positive psychologists to favour well-rounded figures, Todd Kashdan in an article notes a couple of other issues with genetics.
The first points is that personal traits – influenced by genetics – are not stable over life. Traits are shaped by a process called 'emergenesis'. When a characteristic is 'emergenic', it is affected by the interaction of a couple of genes together. This might result in a behavioural predisposition to be extravert, self-controlled, or any other trait. Kashdan goes on to contest that toxins or nutriments in a person's environment can switch genes 'on' and 'off'. In turn, the functioning of an individual gene can affect such an emergenic factor. If you add or take away a block from a tower, it will look different.
According to Kashdan, another important issue is the interaction of genes and environment.
Much of what influences our personality has to do with the presence of (positive and negative) life events and our response to choice points. Do I approach or avoid my co-worker who regularly demeans me? Do I wake up early and workout or sleep in? Do I ask out the girl I've had a crush on for months or do I keep my feelings to myself? No single decision matters but the patterns do. The decisions we make, the people we surround ourselves with, and the behaviors we engage in, are the building blocks for the quality of our lives. Small changes accumulate over time leading to large changes in who we become.
Our personality is the result of a complex process, in which genes and environment interact. Can we really put a hard number on that?
Jasper Bergink, concludes: What we can say, is that our genes play an important role in determining happiness. But so do other factors, including our circumstances, environment, and our actions.
Happiness is not a hard science.
It is a way too complex phenomenon to quantify.
But maybe that's one of the reasons why it is so fascinating.
Next The World Happiness Report: How Happy are we?


text:
Q: Leibniz test and $\sum\frac{(-1)^k k^2}{\sqrt{k!}}$ I would like to check if the following series $\sum\frac{(-1)^k k^2}{\sqrt{k!}}$ is convergent.
My original idea was to employ Leibniz's criterion, the one that says: An alternating series $(-1)^k a_k$ such that $a_k$ is a non-increasing sequence that satisfies $\lim a_k=0$ then the series converges, however I'm having difficults when showing that my $a_k$ is non-increasing through induction.
I would appreciate some help.

A: [Note] : $a_{n}>0$ is non-increasing if and only if $\displaystyle\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_{n}}\leq1$.
$$
\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_{n}}=\frac{\frac{(n+1)^{2}}{\sqrt{(n+1)!}}}{\frac{n^{2}}{\sqrt{n!}}}=\frac{(n+1)^{2}}{n^{2}}\frac{\sqrt{n!}}{\sqrt{(n+1)!}}=\frac{(n+1)^{2}}{n^{2}}\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}
$$
$$
\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{(n+1)^{2}}{n^{2}}\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}=1\cdot0=0<1
$$
Clearly non-increasing.

A: $$a_n=\frac{k^2}{\sqrt{k!}}\implies \log(a_n)=2\log(k)-\frac 12\log(k!)$$ Using Stirling approximation
$$\log(a_n)=\frac 12(1-\log(k))k+\cdots$$
$$a_n=e^{\log(a_n)}=e^{\frac{1}{2} k (1-\log (k))}~~~\to ~~~0$$

A: It is enough to show that the terms $a_k$ are non-increasing for all $k$ larger than a fixed finite number (Can you see why?). For $k \ge 3$,
$$
\frac{{\frac{{(k + 1)^2 }}{{\sqrt {(k + 1)!} }}}}{{\frac{{k^2 }}{{\sqrt {k!} }}}} = \left( {1 + \frac{1}{k}} \right)^2 \frac{1}{{\sqrt {k + 1} }} < \left( {1 + \frac{1}{3}} \right)^2 \frac{1}{{\sqrt {3 + 1} }} = \frac{8}{9} < 1
$$
Thus
$$
\frac{{(k + 1)^2 }}{{\sqrt {(k + 1)!} }} < \frac{{k^2 }}{{\sqrt {k!} }}
$$
for $k\geq 3$, i.e., the terms are decresing starting from the third term.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It was 41 years ago this month that Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts opened the Inn on the Park in London, its first European property and one that would help define the brand as it expanded around the world. Today, as the company celebrates its 50th birthday year, Four Seasons returns to Mayfair - and sets a course for the future - with the opening of the new Four Seasons Hotel London at Park Lane.
"It's a completely new building, with larger guest rooms and more suites than ever before, a dynamic new restaurant concept, and a full complement of naturally lit meetings spaces," says John Stauss, regional vice president and general manager. "And there's more to come – we're turning the idea of the hotel spa on its head with the upcoming opening of a spa, fitness and lounge area on our top floor, with sweeping views across London."
Amaranto is a series of three flow-through spaces united by one simple idea: that guests can choose when and where they want to dine, without restriction on seating times or particular menus. With its own entrance in Hamilton Place as well as direct lobby access, Amaranto offers an airy conservatory space and private garden for outdoor seating, a more clubby lounge area including an innovative peek-through wine wall that allows guests to follow sommeliers in action, and a soaring atrium highlighted by a hand-moulded sculpture wall with motifs inspired by nearby Hyde Park.
The striking wine wall is the first sign that there's something exciting going on at Amaranto. The international wine list focuses predominantly on Italian wines – with all 250 available by the glass. "We are delighted to offer any one of our wines by the glass, allowing guests to try our wide and varied selection," says Karen Ayad, director of food and beverage. "It's an opportunity that is unmatched on this scale in London today."
Executive Chef Adriano Cavagnini and Restaurant Chef Davide Degiovanni have fashioned Italian-inspired menus for breakfast, lunch and dinner, featuring the freshest British ingredients and selected fine imports. Typical of the creative fare offered is La Dolce Vita, London's first Italian afternoon tea, featuring savouries such as bruschetta and focaccia, and sweets including cannolo, panettone and torta.
For the drinks connoisseur, a menu of more than 70 cocktails includes tasting notes and classic cocktail history, and features creative use of unique, original mixes. To try: the "Amarantini," created especially for the Hotel's opening using Chase vodka, Aperol, rhubarb liqueur, fresh lemon juice and fresh sage – which may be mixed tableside on the custom-designed martini trolley. "This has been my dream," says Davide Guide, manager at Amaranto. "To have a free hand to design and blend one-of-a-kind cocktails is something that doesn't come along every day."
With 192 rooms, including 45 one, two and three bedroom suites, Four Seasons Hotel London at Park Lane is full service while retaining the intimate feel of a private residence.
"We actually reduced the room count to accommodate more suites," notes Stauss, citing the increased demand by families and groups, as well as international travellers wanting more space. "One entire floor is now devoted to suites, including beautiful re-imagined versions of our popular Conservatories, plus the new Grand Suites, and the wonderful Garden Suite."
Conservatories feature private enclosed terraces off an indoor living area, evoking the atmosphere of a chic urban apartment. The one- or two-bedroom Grand Suites include both a conservatory and wide outdoor terrace, as well as dining area and a fireplace in the living area.
The pièce de résistance may be the unique Garden Suite, with its 60-square-metre (646-square-foot) landscaped terrace overlooking Hyde Park, plus a separate dining room and butler's pantry. Some rooms and suites also feature a separate entrance into the walk-in closet, allowing discreet delivery of laundry and shopping bags.
Soon, Four Seasons Hotel London at Park Lane is set to turn the idea of the hotel spa on its head. Rather than descending to a dark space crammed in as an afterthought, at Four Seasons guests will rise to the 10th Floor, emerging in a spacious, bright and airy reception area. Spa treatment rooms are cleverly designed to allow park and city views while maintaining privacy, and floor-to-ceiling windows in the fitness centre look clear across to Westminster. Designed by the Hotel's architect, Eric Parry, the 10th floor will also include a versatile lounge, ideal for early arrivals who need a place to relax and recharge after an overnight flight. At midday, the lounge becomes a chic spa café, and a unique event space with its own balcony in the evening.
In addition to the 10th floor lounge, Four Seasons also offers additional meeting spaces, available for immediate bookings. Most rooms are located on the mezzanine level and reached via a grand staircase from the lobby, perfect for social functions. For business meetings, attendees will be delighted that most rooms are naturally lit, as well as fully equipped for today's technological needs.


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SANParks executive: the future of our parks
SANParks aims to get more people into parks by spreading the message that it's the best real estate in the world. Once seen, you'll always want to come back. Wild talks to Hapiloe Sello, who's in charge of visitor growth.
Kruger's rhino campaign: An exclusive look behind the scenes
At any given time, there are approximately 10 groups of poachers in the Kruger National Park. And with an enormous two million hectares to police, the SANParks anti-poaching rangers face a complex challenge. Wild spent time in the field for an insider's view of this gruelling wildlife battle.
WATCH: Inside Kruger's anti-poaching campaign
During an exclusive excursion to the Kruger National Park, Wild went behind the scenes with the heroic rangers and canines battling the rhino poaching war. See what it takes to protect South Africa's critically endangered black and white rhinos.
Endangered Species Day: insight from the experts
Around the world, conservation experts are dedicating their life's work to saving wildlife species from the dark prospect of extinction. In celebration of Endangered Species Day on 18 May 2018, Wild talks to a few of the leading figures in the struggle to protect species in peril.
Earth Day 2018: 4 ways to say no to plastic in parks
The war against plastic pollution is far from over and its devastating destruction reaches beyond our oceans. As avid travellers to southern Africa's many national parks and reserves, be inspired by Earth Day on 22 March and ditch plastic for good.
Earth Hour 2018: a wild celebration
Wherever you are this weekend, make sure you switch off your lights for Earth Hour 2018. It's your chance to experience the wild's night-time wonders while raising your voice for climate change.
World Water Day: Garden Route in the spotlight
The theme for World Water Day on 22 March 2018 couldn't be more apt: Nature for Water. The mountain catchments, rivers, lakes and wetlands protected by our parks and reserves are responsible for much of our freshwater. Conservation photographer Peter Chadwick ventured to Garden Route National Park to discover how SANParks is keeping this watery wonderland healthy.
Books, Conservation
Must-read books to celebrate World Wildlife Day 2018
On 3 March 2018 the globe celebrates World Wildlife Day when humans unite for wild animals. But to protect our wildlife, knowledge is key. These two brand new books offer valuable insight into our wild neighbours.
Kruger's yellow-billed oxpeckers in focus
By 1897, they were completely extinct in South Africa, but 82 years later yellow-billed oxpeckers miraculously returned to the Kruger National Park. Although little is known about these tick-loving birds, one researcher is determined to find out more.
Storytelling: teaching kids about conservation
How do you teach children about nature conservation? Wild magazine editor Romi Boom reached out to a small West Coast community by telling them about "The dog and the tortoise". A story for kids of all ages, it's even better than a fable.
Sof park adventures: fresh ways to explore July 8, 2019


These are the latest Atlantic Coast Conference projections based on our NCAA College Basketball Ratings. These projections for the ACC are based on actual results of previous games and our predicted results for games upcoming in the future. The rank (or seed) for each team is only based upon their projected finish in the conference. Our latest update to these projections was done on 3/17/2019.
Our full list of NCAA Tournament and NIT Tournament projections can be found here. The below list contains our latest NCAA Tournament projections for teams within the Atlantic Coast Conference. The "Bracket Rating" is based on a proprietary formula that projects a team's bracket seeding by the NCAA Tournament committee.
Based on 100 simulations, this is the projected place where each team finishes in the Atlantic Coast Conference standings.
Below are the odds to advance to each stage of the Atlantic Coast Conference Tournament. The table below is based on 1,000 simulations. The ACC Men's Basketball Tournament gives the first four seeds a double-bye which starts them in the Quarterfinals. The fifth through eighth seeds get a bye into the Second Round of the tournament. In 2020, the ACC Tournament is scheduled to go back to Greensboro. In 2021, it will be played in Washington D.C. And then in 2022, it goes back to Brooklyn, NY.


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One of Those Nights
August 24, 2015 / Corey Lambert
After buying tickets months ago, Bevan and I rode our bicycles to Provincetown Town Hall around six o'clock this evening to meet up with Dan and Paul to watch Audra McDonald, a six-time Tony Award winner and arguably the greatest musical theater actress on the planet right now, sing songs in a sold-out, one-night-only solo performance. The venue, a gorgeous historic building in the heart of town, was packed to the gills and Well Strung, an all-gay singing string quartet, opened with a couple of songs including Taylor Swift's Blank Space and then Audra came out in a stunning black dress and was utterly magical for the next hour and a half. She sang beautifully and cracked jokes with expert timing and told interesting stories about her career and at one point even called her husband onto the stage to sing a duet with her. Like I said, she was magical, utterly magical.
Having won her record-breaking sixth Tony last year for her portrayal of Billie Holiday in Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill, Audra and Bevan struck up an e-friendship because Billie Holiday is Bevan's godmother and so about thirty minutes into the show tonight Audra was talking about the aforementioned role and said, "I would like to say hello to Bevan. He's Billie Holiday's godson and he's in the audience tonight." and then Bevan froze and I raised my arms up and yelled "He's right here!" and people cheered and it was a really damn cool moment. After the show was over Audra invited us to come backstage but we saw her invite too late and we were already in bed.
I'm not entirely sure if I believe in an afterlife or not, but god I hope my mom saw tonight's concert from wherever she is. She was such a huge fan of musical theater and I wish like hell that I could have experienced Audra with her because I know she would have loved every fucking second of it.
August 24, 2015 / Corey Lambert/ Comment
On Getting Home
The Logistics of Death


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CALL NOW (833) 818 3031
Outpatient treatment (also known as aftercare) is the final step down in our continuum of care, usually following successful completion of our Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP).
Our outpatient treatment aids our clients as they work to build on the progress they achieved in our PHP and IOP programs. The goal of outpatient treatment at Evolutions is to assist your continued growth in sobriety by maintaining a strong connection between you and your community of support here at Evolutions.
Patients receive the support they need to ensure long-lasting sobriety, and focus is placed on education for ongoing recovery and refining longer-term recovery plans.
Our OP programs offer daily care ranging from l to 9 hours per week.
Outpatient groups run from 1 to 2 hours each.
Our outpatient programs offer weekly treatment sessions ranging from one to nine hours per week. The duration of these group sessions ranges from one to two hours each. The goal of these group sessions is to address any recovery obstacles currently experienced by group members, who will brainstorm potential solutions for these problems with each other.
This level of care is useful as a means to gradually transition from a clinical setting to your new life in recovery outside of treatment, offering a modicum of support and continued connection to your therapist while structured to require a small time commitment each week.
What is Outpatient / Aftercare?
At Evolutions, our outpatient treatment program is a supplementary but critical component of our treatment process, as it has a demonstrable positive effect on our client's success in their recovery by enabling a healthy continuation of the progress made in our residential and IOP programs within a less intensive schedule.
This level of treatment is designed specifically for patients who have stepped through the entire continuum of care at Evolutions, from residential to PHP to IOP. While successful completion of these programs is not a requirement for enrollment in our outpatient program, it is highly recommended as OP is designed to build on the progress made in those programs. Outpatient treatment provides a safety net as you continue to reintegrate back into society as a sober individual, minimizing your risk of relapse and ensuring your success in recovery.
Group therapy sessions are the primary form of treatment utilized in our outpatient program. These sessions help strengthen the connections between you and others actively participating in the program, while facilitating thought-provoking discussions about common struggles encountered in early sobriety and methods to overcome them.
Who is our Aftercare program meant for?
Our Outpatient program is specifically designed for:
Those that have successfully completed a higher level of treatment at Evolutions and whose clinical team has determined are ready to move on to a less structured treatment program.
Those that have established an active lifestyle in recovery and have demonstrated the ability to handle their responsibilities such as school and work. While they have made substantial progress in their recovery, these individuals can still benefit from the continued support and treatment provided in our outpatient program.
What does our outpatient program consist of?
Some of the services provided in our Outpatient / Aftercare program include:
Evening Groups (6 hour) on a weekly basis
Individual Counseling sessions on a weekly basis
Family Counseling as needed
Substance Abuse Education and Relapse-Prevention Skills
Co-Occurring Disorders Therapy
Trauma Recovery Therapy
Life-Skills Training
Employment/Educational Support Systems
Legal Case / Court Assistance
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What happens when you mix trap music, country slang and a Mississippi flow in one pot? You get a fresh sound that will have any city with a club lit.
P. Facts a Mississippi born artist teams up with producers Joe Dent & Quixote Williams to bring the world a club banger aimed at making the Ladies Bounce. What's different about this banger is that P. Facts takes you on a Journey where this time the Lady chooses the man she wants instead of the man choosing.
If you in the clubs you already know how a baller move, but in P. Facts single "Get On It" the ladies see something they like they getting to it. Lyrically P. Facts describes a perfect club scene, and how the ladies show out when the place is Lit. This is the type of song where as soon as it starts you already know what's about to go down. Shake something ladies.
P. Facts got everybody shouting "You see something you like then baby girl "Get On It" .
Listen to P. Facts Single "Get On It" on all digital platforms.


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« News is what people want to read
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What it was wasn't Indiana
March 1, 2014 by Guy
Now just a cotton-pickin' minute here.
Do you mean to tell me that someone is trying to move Mayberry out of North Carolina to some spot way up North?
Uh-uh, naw sir, that won't do. That won't do ay-tall.
The Indianapolis Business Journal reports that the town of Danville, Indiana, is planning a two-day "Mayberry in the Midwest" festival in May. The idea apparently sprang from a Mayberry-themed restaurant in the town.
Now, you might not have been able to tell it from the accents of many of the people populating Mayberry in "The Andy Griffith Show" – the mayor, the lady druggist, Barney, Aunt Bee, Otis, the chorus director and any member of the state police who passed through town, to name a few – but Mayberry was set in North Carolina, not central Indiana barely more than a hop, a skip and a jump from the home of the Indy 500, where the cars may all keep turning left but look more like cigars than anything in a dealership's stock.
Andy Griffith, of course, grew up in Mount Airy and based the fictional Mayberry in great part on his hometown. There has long been a Snappy Lunch there, just like in the show, and you might recall the frequent references in the TV show to the nearby town of Mount Pilot and notice on a map that Mount Airy is very near Pilot Mountain. Mount Airy, in turn, has been a top attraction for fans of the TV show and long ago adopted Mayberry as its alter ago. It hosts an annual Mayberry Days festival, and the actress who played Thelma Lou moved to Mount Airy a few years ago to escape California and settle in to a place where people make her feel like family.
Considering all this, you just have to ask yourself two questions. One: Do the good people of Danville, Indiana, think folks don't remember that the show was set in North Carolina and won't notice the decided lack of any Andy-like way of talking in those parts? That hardly seems likely.
Now, what would all those folks up in Indiana think if we down here tried to take up one of their better-known attractions and make like it was ours? Maybe the "World's Largest Ball of Paint" in Alexandria, or the Giant Lady's Leg Sundial in Lake Village.
They might not like it one bit, and who could blame them?
No, right is right, Mayberry belongs in North Carolina, and anyone who knows anything about Mayberry knows exactly what Danville, Indiana, has to do to make this here sitchyayshun right.
Nip it. Nip it in the bud.
Posted in Personal | Tagged Andy Griffith, Mayberry, news of the weird, not work | 1 Comment
on March 1, 2014 at 8:31 pm | Reply ken lucas