text:
"Where have our people been creative?"
Pope Francis / Church Life / Published Date:15 February 2018/Last Updated Date:5 March 2021
Conversations with Jesuits in Chile and Peru
On Tuesday, January 16, 2018, at 7 p.m., on his first full day of an apostolic journey to Chile and Peru, Pope Francis met with 90 Chilean Jesuits in the Centro Hurtado of Santiago. On arrival he was shown a reproduction of the green Ford van that St. Alberto Hurtado would use to bring aid to the city's marginalized: it is a true symbol of apostolic passion. The pope was accompanied by the provincial, Fr. Cristián del Campo, into the chapel where the remains of the Jesuit saint are kept. Inaugurated in 1995, the sanctuary houses the tomb of the saint, a stone sarcophagus containing clumps of earth from each region of Chile which together symbolize the embrace of the country's faithful. The provincial greeted the pope in the name of all the Jesuits – including notably many young ones – and asked him: "How are things going in Chile and have you felt welcomed to our country?" The meeting quickly became warm and familial. Fr. Del Campo presented two of those present, Frs. Carlos and José Aldunate, blood brothers, ages 101 and 100 years.
The following transcript of the conversations has been approved for publication in this form by the pope himself.
Antonio Spadaro, SJ
Francis began with these words:
I am so pleased to see Fr. Carlos! He was my spiritual director in 1960 for my juniorate. José was the master of novices, and then they made him provincial. Carlos was the caretaker and was…the king of common sense! He could give spiritual advice with really good sense. I recall one time I went to him because I was very angry with someone. I wanted to face up to that person and tell him off. Carlos advised me: "Calm down! Do you really want to break off with him immediately? Try other ways…" I have never forgotten that counsel, and I thank him for it now. Yes, in Chile I immediately felt very welcome. I came yesterday. Today I have been very well received. I have seen many gestures of dear affection. Now ask me whatever you want.
A Jesuit steps forward: "I would like to ask what have been the great joys and disappointments that you have experienced during your pontificate."
This time of the pontificate is a quite peaceful time. As soon as I realized during the conclave what was about to happen – a complete surprise for me – I felt great peace. And up to today that peace has never left me. It is a gift of the Lord and I am grateful for it. And I really hope he won't take it away from me. It is a peace that I feel as a pure gift, a pure gift. There is something that does not take peace away from me, but which does hurt me, and that is gossip. I don't like gossip, it makes me sad. It often spreads in closed-off worlds. When it happens in a world of priests and religious I want to ask: how is this possible? You left everything, you decided not to have a wife next to you, you didn't marry, you had no children… Do you want to finish as a gossiping old bachelor? Oh, my God, what a sad life!
A Jesuit from the Argentine-Uruguayan province asks: "What resistance have you encountered during your pontificate and how have you faced it? Have you made discernment?"
I never call a difficulty a "resistance" for to do so would be to renounce discernment. I prefer to discern. It is easy to say there is resistance and not realize that a moment of conflict is actually bringing out some crumbs of truth. So I think that such conflicts can help me. I often ask a person: "What do you think?" This would help me to relativize many things that at first sight might seem like resistances but are actually a reaction that comes from a misunderstanding, from the fact that some things need to be repeated, better explained… This might be my defect, the fact that sometimes I take things for granted and make a logical jump without explaining the process clearly, for I am convinced that the person I am talking to has quickly understood my reasoning. I am aware that, if I go back and explain things better, then at that point the other will say, "Ah, yes, agreed…" All in all, it is very helpful for me to examine the meaning of conflicts carefully. But when I am aware that there is true resistance, certainly, I am displeased. Some say to me that it is normal that there is resistance when someone wants to make changes. The famous "this has always been done this way" reigns everywhere: "It has always been done this way, why should we change? If things are the way they are, they have always been done this way, so why change?" This a great temptation that we all faced in the period after the Second Vatican Council. The resistances are still present and try to tell us to relativize the Council, to water it down. I am even sadder when someone joins a campaign of resistance. And alas I see this too. You asked me about resistances, and I cannot deny that there are some, then. I see them and I know them.
There are doctrinal resistances that you know about better than I. For my own good I do not read the content of internet sites of this so-called "resistance." I know who they are, I know the groups, but I do not read them for my own mental health. If there is something very serious, they tell me about it so that I know. You know them… It is displeasing, but you have to go on. Historians tell us that it takes a century for a Council to put down its roots. We are halfway there.
Sometimes we ask: but that man, that woman, have they read the Council? And there are people who have not read the Council. And if they have read it, they have not understood it. Fifty years on! We studied philosophy before the Council, but we had the advantage of studying theology after it. We lived through the change of perspective, and the Council documents were already there.
When I perceive resistance, I seek dialogue whenever it is possible; but some resistance comes from people who believe they possess the true doctrine and accuse you of being a heretic. When I cannot see spiritual goodness in what these people say or write, I simply pray for them. I find it sad, but I won't settle on this sentiment for the sake of my own mental well-being.
Then came a question from a novice: "Many people identify the Church with the bishops and priests. And they are very critical of them for the way they live out their poverty, for the restrictions on the participation of women and limited space given to minorities… Faced with this opinion, what would you propose to bring the Church hierarchy, of which we are a part, closer to the people?"
I have just said to the bishops what I think of the relationship between the bishop and the people of God. And so what I think about bishops you will find in that talk. It was short, for we had two long meetings last year during their ad limina visits. Clericalism is the most serious damage endured by the Church in Latin America today, that is, the failure to be aware that the Church is the entire holy and faithful people of God, who are infallible in credendo, all together. I speak of Latin America for I know it best.
Some time ago I wrote a letter to the Pontifical Commission for Latin America and today I came back to the theme. We need to be aware that the grace of being a missionary comes from baptism, not from sacred orders or religious vows.
It is a consolation to see many priests and religious men and women putting their entire lives at stake, that is, with the conciliar option of placing themselves at the service of the people of God. But some still behave like princes. The people of God must be given its own space.
And the same can be said about the theme of women. I had a special experience when I was a diocesan bishop: we needed to look at a specific theme, and a consultation process began – obviously just between priests and bishops – and we had completed our reflection that led us to a number of questions on which a decision needed to be taken. But the same issue, treated during a combined meeting of men and women, led to much richer conclusions, much more practical, much more fruitful. It is that simple experience that comes to mind now, but it makes me reflect. Women need to give the Church all the richness that von Balthasar called "the Marian dimension." Without this dimension the Church limps or uses crutches, and so walks badly. And I believe that the road is long… And, I repeat, as I said today to the bishops: "unprincify," be near to the people…
Fr. Juan Díaz speaks up and the pope recognizes him…
Juanito!
After a warm personal greeting, Fr. Díaz continues: "Francis, on different occasions and in Evangelii Gaudium you have warned about the dangers of worldliness. Which aspects of our life should we Jesuits be careful about so as not to fall into the temptation of worldliness?"
The alarm about worldliness came to me from the final chapter of the Meditations on the Church by Henri de Lubac. He quotes a Benedictine, Dom Anscar Vonier, who speaks of worldliness as the worst evil that can befall the Church. This stirred in me the desire to better understand worldliness. Certainly, St. Ignatius wrote about it in his Spiritual Exercises, in the third exercise of the first week, where he asks to discover the deceits of the world. The three graces we ask for in that meditation are repentance of sins, that is, the pain of sins, shame and the awareness of the world, from the devil and his things. So, in our spirituality, worldliness should be remembered and considered as a temptation.
It would be superficial to state that worldliness is to lead a life that is too relaxed and frivolous. These are just consequences. Worldliness is the use of criteria of the world and following the criteria of the world and choosing to use the criteria of the world. It means making a discernment and preferring the criteria of the world. So what we must be asking ourselves is which are these criteria of the world. And this is precisely what St. Ignatius makes us ask in this third exercise. He has us make three supplications: to the Father, to the Lord and to the Virgin. May they help us discover these criteria! Each of us then must set about discovering what is worldly in our own lives. A simple and general response will not suffice. In what way am I worldly? This is the true question. It is not enough to say what worldliness is in general. For example, a theology professor can become worldly if he goes in search of the latest thoughts so as to be fashionable: this is worldliness. And there can be a thousand other examples. We should ask the Lord not to be deceived in seeking to discern what is our own worldliness.
Another question follows: "Holy Father, you have always been a man of reforms. Besides those of the Curia and the Church, in which reforms can we Jesuits support you the most?"
I think that one of the things that the Church most needs today is discernment. This is put very clearly in the pastoral perspectives and objectives of Amoris Laetitia. We are used to a "yes you can or no you can't" mentality. The morality used in Amoris Laetitia is the more classic Thomist morals, that is, the one from St. Thomas himself not the decadent version of later Thomism that some have studied. I too received a formation in the way of thinking of "yes you can or no you can't," or "up to this point you can, up to here you can't." I wonder if you remember [and here the pope looks at one of those present] that Colombian Jesuit who came to teach morals at the Collegio Massimo? When he taught the sixth commandment someone dared to ask: "Can a man and a woman who are engaged to be married kiss each other?" If they could they kiss each other! Do you get it? And he replied: "Yes they can! No problem! They just have to put a tissue between them." This is a forma mentis (a way of thinking) for doing theology generally. It is a forma mentis that is based on a limit. And we bear the consequences.
If you take a look at the panorama of reactions to Amoris Laetitia you will see that the strongest criticisms of the exhortation are against the eighth chapter: "Can a divorced person receive communion, or not?" But Amoris Laetitia goes in a completely different direction; it does not enter into these distinctions. It raises the issue of discernment. This was already at the heart of truly great classic Thomist morals. So the contribution that I want from the Society is to help the Church to grow in discernment. Today, the Church needs to grow in discernment. And to us the Lord has given this family grace to discern. I do not know if you know this, but I have said it during other similar meetings with Jesuits: at the end of Fr. Ledóchowski's time as superior general, the highest work of the spirituality of the Society was the Epitome. Everything you had to do was all regulated in an enormous mix of the Formula of the Institution, the Constitutions and the rules. There were even rules for the cook. And it was all mixed, without following a hierarchy. Fr. Ledóchowski was a great friend of the abbot general of the Benedictines and once he went to visit him bringing along this volume. Shortly after, the abbot sought him out and said: "Father General, with this you have killed the Society of Jesus." And he was right, for the Epitome took away any room for discernment.
Then came the Second World War. Fr. Janssens had to guide the Society after the war, and he did it as well as he could, for it was not easy. And then came the grace of the Generalate of Fr. Pedro Arrupe with his Ignatian Spirituality Center, the journal Christus and the impulse given to the Spiritual Exercises. He renewed this family grace of discernment. He overcame the Epitome, he went back to the lesson of the fathers, to Favre and Ignatius. Here we should recognize the role of the life of the journal Christus for that period. And then also the role of Fr. Luis González with his center of spirituality: he went around to the entire Society to give the Spiritual Exercises. He went about opening doors, refreshing this aspect that today we see has grown greatly in the Society. I would say, recalling this family history, that there has been a moment in which we had lost – or I do not know if we had lost it, let's say we did not use it much – the sense of discernment. Today, give it – let's give it! – to the Church that is crying out for it.
The last question is from a theologian of the province of Peru: "A question on collaboration: What help has the Society been giving to you during your pontificate? How has there been collaboration? What relationship do you have with the Society?"
Since the second day after the election! Fr. Adolfo Nicolás came into my room at Santa Marta… That's how the collaboration began. He came to greet me. I was still living in the small room that I had been given for the Conclave, not the one I have now, and we conversed there. And the superior generals, both Adolfo and now Arturo, have concentrated much on this. I think that on this point… Fr. Spadaro is here…
Spadaro: "I'm here!"
There he is in the gallery… I think he has been the witness of this relationship with the Society since the first moment. The availability is total. And with intelligence too, as for example on the doctrine of the faith: there has been great support. But nobody could accuse the current pontificate of "Jesuitism." I say it and I believe I am being sincere in saying so. It is a matter of ecclesial collaboration, in the ecclesial spirit. It is a (sentire) listening and feeling with the Church and in the Church, respecting the charism of the Society. And the documents of the last General Congregation did not need pontifical approval. I have not thought it necessary at all, for the Society is an adult. And if it makes a mistake…complaints will arrive and then we'll see. I think this is the way we collaborate.
All right, thank you very much…but I want to say one more very important thing to you, a recommendation: the account of conscience! For Jesuits this is a gem, a family grace… Please, don't overlook it!
The private meeting naturally spilled over into the open space of the sanctuary. A group of people had gathered there who have benefitted from the programs of solidarity run by the Church: representatives of workers, students, the elderly, the homeless and migrants. In his greeting, Jesuit Fr. Pablo Walker, the general chaplain of "Hogar de Cristo," said, "Dear Pope Francis, the table is ready and we give you a warm welcome. Years ago we invited you to come and drink with us, and now that day has arrived." Recalling that "to eat is a miracle," the chaplain asked the pope to bless the "sopaipillas" that had been prepared by Mrs. Sonia Castro and her daughter Isabella Reinal. The pope pronounced the prayer of blessing: "May the Lord bless this food that we are sharing, that has been made by you; may he bless the hands that made it, the hands that distribute it and the hands that receive it. May the Lord bless the hearts of all of us, and may this sharing teach us also to share the way, to share life, and then to share paradise. Amen." After receiving the Bible of the People of God as a gift and having offered a painting of Jesus the Merciful by Terezia Sedlakova as a gift to the Sanctuary, the pope recited the Our Father with all the participants. Then he imparted his blessing.
At the end of his first complete day in Peru, January 19, 2018, and after making a courtesy visit to President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, the pope went to the Jesuit church of St. Peter. The Society of Jesus started building it in the 16th century and it is now considered one of the most important religious complexes in the historical center of Lima. It is also the national Sanctuary of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Its layout echoes that of the Gesù Church in Rome. The façade is in a neoclassical style and there are three entry doors. There is a dominating neoclassical bell tower. Inside the furnishings are in a rich baroque style that is well-lit by sunlight. Off the three naves are found ten chapels. St. Peter's is considered one of the most beautiful churches in Peru.
At the entrance to the penitentiary chapel, Francis was welcomed by the provincial, Fr. Juan Carlos Morante, and by the local superior, Fr. José Enrique Rodríguez. Crossing the left nave of the church, the pope reached the sacristy where about 100 Jesuits were gathered. Fr. Morante thanked Francis for his visit and spoke of the work of the Society in the evangelization of indigenous peoples in the field of education, remembering Frs. Alonso de Barzana (1528-1598), Francisco del Castillo (1615-1673), Antonio Ruiz de Montoya (1585-1652) and others. He spoke of the new perspectives from the Second Vatican Council and of the new challenges: the preferential option for the poor, the Spiritual Exercises, the collaboration with the laity, and the new apostolic challenges that require a new apostolic discernment. Then the pope spoke. The text of the conversation transcribed here has been approved for publication in this form by the pontiff.
Francis greeted those present in this way:
Good evening… Thank you. Let's begin to converse without losing time. You've prepared some questions…ask away…
The first question: "We Peruvian Jesuits have always been engaged with the themes of reconciliation and justice, especially in recent years. Now it seems that the political forces have suddenly reached an agreement, and reconciliation seems to be an appeal for all. Reconciliation is being proposed without there having been a process. My question is: what stance should we take, what should we bear in mind when we want reconciliation? We feel that the word "reconciliation" is being manipulated and we feel that justice is being proposed that has not been sufficiently elaborated. What are your thoughts?"
Thank you. The word "reconciliation" is not only manipulated, it is demolished. Today – not just here for this applies in other Latin American countries too – the word "reconciliation" has been emptied of its power. When St. Paul describes the reconciliation of all with God, in Christ, he delivers a strong word. Today, however, "reconciliation" has become wrapping paper. It's been emptied out. It's been weakened not only of its religious content but also of its human content, that is, what we share when we look each other in the eye. Instead, today, it is being done under the counter.
I would say that these stunts should not be accepted, nor should we struggle against them. We must say to those who adopt it in its weaker form: use it, but we won't use it, for the concept has been demolished. We do need to continue to work, however, seeking to reconcile people. From below, from the sides, with a good word, with a visit, with a course to help understanding, with the weapon of prayer that will give us strength and make miracles, but especially with the human weapon of persuasion, which is humility. Persuasion acts through humility.
I propose this path: go and find the adversary, put yourselves before them, if there is the opportunity… persuasion! Considering the reconciliation that is being proposed today, I don't want to speak about the detail of what is happening in Peru because I don't know the situation, but I do trust your words, and given that, as I said, this happens in other Latin American countries, I could say to you that this is not so much a true and profound reconciliation, but a negotiation. OK, the art of political leadership implies knowing how to negotiate. The issue is what can be negotiated in an agreement. If among the pile of things you bring to the negotiating table there is stuff regarding your own private interests, then it won't work…We are not speaking of an agreement. This is something else.
So, instead of "reconciliation" it is better to speak of "hope." Seek out a word that is not a shortsighted pet project, being used without its full meaning. I want to repeat this: I am not an expert on the details of the situation in Peru, I trust your words, but it is a phenomenon across Latin American countries, this is why I can say what I say.
This question follows: "Holy Father, our province is losing numbers, people are getting old, young people are taking on new responsibilities…We still have many institutions. The situation is not one of the easiest…How can you encourage us, how can you invite us to continue to strengthen our vocation to follow Jesus, to live in the Society of Jesus in these circumstances that can sometimes seem to be discouraging? How can we not become bitter and resentful, but instead seek to live these circumstances joyfully? What should we say to those who are growing old and see behind them fewer people who won't be able to continue what was done in the past with the same strength? What should we say to the youngest today who find difficult situations all around them?"
You said that we have many "institutions." Let me correct a word: we have many "works." We need to distinguish between works and institutions. The institutional aspect of the Society is essential. But not all the works are institutions. Perhaps they were, but time has ensured that they stopped being institutions. We need to discern between what today is an institution – that attracts, gives you strength, that is prophetic – and what instead is a work that, yes, has been an institution in its time, but seems now to have stopped being so. And what has always been done must be done again: a pastoral and community discernment.
Fr. Arrupe insisted on this. We need to choose the works with this criterion: that they are institutions, in the Ignatian sense of the word, that is to say, they attract people and give answers to the needs of today. And this demands a community that places itself into a state of discernment. And perhaps this is your challenge… Considering this decrease of young people and energy, institutional desolation can take over. No, don't allow it! The Society went through a period of institutional desolation during the Generalate of Fr. Ricci who ended up a prisoner in Castel Sant'Angelo.[1] The letters that Fr. Ricci wrote to the Society in that period are a marvel of criteria of discernment, criteria of action to not allow ourselves to be dragged down by institutional desolation. Desolation pulls you down, it is a wet blanket they throw at you to see how you cope, bringing you to bitterness, to disillusionment. This is the post-triumphalist discourse of Emmaus: "We had hoped…" We do this ourselves, for example, when we use expressions like "the glorious Society was something else," "the light cavalry of the Church…but now…" And so on.
The Spirit of desolation leaves deep marks. I advise you to read the letters of Fr. Ricci. Later, Fr. Roothaan[2] went through another period of desolation for the Society due to the Freemasons, but it was not as strong as that of Fr. Ricci which culminated in the suppression. And there have been other periods like it in the history of the Society.
On the other hand, we need to look to the fathers, the fathers of the institutionalization of the Society: obviously Ignatius and Faber… Here we can speak of Fr. Barzana.[3] I am fascinated by the figure of Barzana who spoke 12 indigenous languages when he was at Santiago del Estero in Argentina. They called him "the Francis Xavier of the West." And there, that man planted the seed of faith in the desert, he established the faith. They say he was of Jewish origin and that his name was Bar Shana. It is good to look to these men who were able to institutionalize and didn't let themselves become discouraged. I ask if Xavier was desolate in his failure to see China without being able to enter. No. I imagine that he turned to the Lord, saying: "You do not want it, so goodbye, that's OK." He followed the road that was proposed to him, and in this case it was death!… but that's OK!
Desolation: we should not let this become part of our lives. Instead we should seek out the Jesuits who are consoled. I don't know. I don't want to give a counsel, but… always seek consolation. Seek it always. As a touchstone for your own spiritual lives.
As with Xavier on the border of China, look forward always… God knows! But the smile of the heart should not be left to wither. I don't know. I can't give you any recipes. In a climate of consolation what is needed is discernment of the ministries and the institutional aspect. So read the letters of Fr. Lorenzo Ricci. It is marvelous how he wanted to choose consolation at the moment of the greatest desolation that the Society has ever known, when he knew that the European Courts were about to give the Society its coup de grâce.
"I would like you to say something about a theme that leads to a lot of desolation in the Church, and particularly among religious men and women and the clergy: the theme of sexual abuse. We are very disturbed by these scandals. What can you say to us about them? A word of encouragement…
Yesterday I spoke to the priests and religious men and women of Chile in the cathedral of Santiago. This is the greatest desolation that the Church is suffering. It brings shame, but we need to remember that shame is also a very Ignatian grace, a grace that St. Ignatius asks us to make in the three colloquies of the first week. And so let us take it as a grace and be fully ashamed. We have to love the Church with her wounds. Many wounds…
Let me tell you something. On March 24 Argentina remembers the military coup d'état, the dictatorship, the desaparecidos (the disappeared)… and every March 24 the Plaza de Mayo fills to remember it. One year, on March 24, I left the archbishop's house and went to serve as confessor for the Carmelite sisters. On my return I took the subway and got out six blocks away from Plaza de Mayo. The Plaza was full … and I walked those six blocks to enter by the side. When I was about to cross a road, there was a couple with a child of two or three years, and the child ran ahead. The father said to him: "Come, come, come here… Be careful of the pedophiles!" How shameful I felt! What shame! They didn't realize that I was the archbishop, I was a priest and… what shame!
Occasionally there are "consolation prizes," and someone might even say: "OK. Look at the statistics … I don't know … 70 percent of pedophiles are in the family setting, people known to the family. Then at the gyms and in the swimming pools. The percentage of pedophiles who are Catholic priests does not reach 2 percent, it's 1.6 percent. It is not that much." But it is terrible even if only one of our brothers is such! For God anointed him to sanctify children and adults, and instead of making them holy he has destroyed them. It's horrible! We need to listen to what someone who has been abused feels. On Fridays – sometimes this is known and sometimes it is not known – I normally meet some of them. In Chile I also had such a meeting. As their process is very hard, they remain annihilated. Annihilated!
For the Church this is a great humiliation. It shows not only our fragility, but also, let us say so clearly, our level of hypocrisy. In cases of corruption, in the sense of abuse of an institutional type, it is notable that there are some newer Congregations whose founders have fallen into these abuses. These cases are public. Pope Benedict had to suppress a large male Congregation. The founder had spread such habits. He abused young and immature religious men. It was a Congregation that had a female branch, and the female founder had also spread such habits. Benedict had started the process on the women's branch. I had to suppress it. You here have many painful cases. But it is curious that the phenomenon of abuse touched some new, prosperous Congregations.
Abuse in these Congregations is always the fruit of a mentality tied to power that has to be healed in its malicious roots. And I will add: there are three levels of abuse that come together: abuse of authority (mixing the internal forum with the external forum), sexual abuse and an economic mess.
There is always money involved. The devil enters through the wallet. Ignatius places the first step of the devil's temptations in riches…then come vanity and pride, but first of all, it's riches. The three levels come together very often in the new Congregations that have fallen into this problem of abuse.
Forgive my lack of humility in suggesting that you read what I said to the Chileans. That material is more carefully articulated and reasoned than what comes to me now spontaneously.
"Help us in this process of discernment of the universal Society. Fr. Sosa asks us to reflect on where the Society should go today, considering our strengths and weaknesses. You have a universal vision, you know us well, you know what our contribution to the universal Church could be. You could help us by saying, for example, how you see that the Spirit is moving the Church today toward the future. In which direction should we be following the paths of the Spirit, as Jesuits, in the places we already are – and not just in the province of Peru – to be at the service of the Spirit? Some guidance that could partially transform our program…"
Thank you. I'll reply with just one word. It might seem that I say nothing, but instead I say everything. And the word is "Council." Pick up again the Second Vatican Council, and read Lumen Gentium. Yesterday, with the bishops of Chile – or was it the day before, I don't even know what day it is! – I encouraged them to declericalize. If there is something that is very clear, it is the awareness of the faithful holy people of God, infallible in credendo, as the Council teaches us. This brings the Church forward. The grace of being missionary and proclaiming Jesus Christ comes to us in baptism. From there we can move forward…
We should never forget that evangelization is done by the Church as a people of God. The Lord wants an evangelizing Church, I see that clearly. This came from my heart, in simplicity, in the few minutes I spoke during the general congregations before the conclave. A Church that goes out, a Church that goes out proclaiming Jesus Christ. After or in that very moment when she adores and fills herself with him. I always use an example tied to the Book of Revelation where we read: "I am at the door and knock. If someone opens I will enter" (cf. Rev 3:20). The Lord is outside and wants to come in. Sometimes the Lord is inside and is knocking because he wants us to let him out! The Lord is asking us to be a Church outside, a Church that goes out. Church as a field hospital… Ah, the wounds of the people of God! Sometimes the people of God is wounded by a rigid, moralist catechism, of the "you can or you can't" variety, or by a lack of testimony.
A poor Church for the poor! The poor are not a theoretical formula of the communist party. The poor are the heart of the Gospel. They are the center of the Gospel. We cannot preach the Gospel without the poor. So I say to you: it is along this line that I feel the Spirit is leading us. And there are strong resistances. But I must also say that for me the fact that resistances arise is a good sign. It is a sign that we are on the right road, this is the road. Otherwise the devil would not bother to resist.
I would say these are the criteria: poverty, being missionaries, the conscience of the faithful people of God… In Latin America, particularly, you should ask: "But where have our people been creative?" With some deviations, yes, but it has been creative in its popular piety. And why have our people been able to be creative in popular piety? Because the clergy weren't interested, and so they let them do it… the people went on ahead…
And then, yes, what the Church is asking today of the Society – this I have said often, and Spadaro, who publishes these things, has grown tired of writing it – is to teach discernment with humility. Yes, as pontiff I ask this of you officially. Generally, above all, we who are part of the religious setting of life as priests and bishops often show little ability to discern, we don't know how to do it for we have been educated with another theology that is more formal. We go as far as "you can or you can't," as I said to the Chilean Jesuits concerning the resistances to Amoris Laetitia. Some people are reducing the entire fruit of two synods – all the work that has been done – to "you can or can't." Help us to discern then. Certainly, someone who is not discerning cannot teach others to discern. And to be discerning you have to enter into practice, you have to examine yourself. You have to start with yourself.
This is how the meeting concluded. The rector of the church then illustrated to the pope the significance of the chair that had been prepared for him. In 1992 there was an attack by the "Sendero Luminoso"[4] and a part of the church was damaged. In the restoration work, the walls were strengthened and an architrave dating from 1672 was removed. It had been used to make the chair for this visit, and it was cut using Lima-style baroque. The pope thanked him, smiling, and made a joke: "I sat on 1672. I'll play this number in the lottery!" At the end, the provincial thanked the pope before asking for a group photo. The pope replied to the thanksgiving with these words:
I thank you very much. Pray for me! I share with you a great grace: as soon as I realized that I was going to be elected pope I felt a great peace that has never yet abandoned me. Pray that the Lord will keep it for me!
At the end of the encounter, the pope gave the Jesuits a silver cross made by the Italian goldsmith Antonio Vedele in 1981. It is inscribed with the stations of the Via Crucis. It does not portray just 14 stations but 15. This is because the artist wanted to place between the two arms the representation of the resurrection of Christ. Vedele is the same goldsmith who designed the pectoral cross used by Pope Francis. In 1998 it was cast in silver by his student Giuseppe Albrizzi, the artist of the crosier used by the then cardinal of Buenos Aires, Jorge Mario Bergoglio.
Finally, the pope posed for a group photograph. Then he crossed the church of St. Peter and, before going out the main door, he stopped before the tomb of the venerable Fr. Francisco del Castillo, the apostle of Lima.
[1] Fr. Lorenzo Ricci (1703-1775) carried out the role of superior general of the Society of Jesus at a delicate moment in the history of the Society due to tensions with European governments. In his time the Order was expelled first from countries like Portugal, France and Spain. It was only with Clement XIV that the Society was suppressed and, while Jesuits were integrated into diocesan and religious clergy, Fr. Ricci was imprisoned in Castel Sant'Angelo. He lived there alone and was the victim of all sorts of humiliations, maintaining that the Society had given no cause for its suppression until his death two years later.
[2] Fr. Jan Philippe Roothaan (Amsterdam, November 23, 1783/1785 – Rome, May 8, 1853) was a Dutch Jesuit and superior general of the Order (the second after its restoration) from July 9, 1829 until his death. His work as superior general was very fruitful for the newly restored Order. His chief attention was given to maintaining and strengthening the spirit of the Society. Nine of his 11 general letters were dedicated to this theme. He enlarged the work in the missions. The Order doubled the number of its members, reaching 5,000 professions. But the Society had to suffer expulsion from many countries, especially in 1848, the year of revolution.
[3] Fr. Alonso de Barzana (Cuenca, 1530 – Cuzco, 1597) was assigned the mission of Juli on the banks of Lake Titicaca, today southeast Peru. He remained in the central zone of what is now Bolivia for 11 years until he was sent to Tucumán. He carried out missionary work among the Indians of the Valley of Calchaquies and then in Gran Chaco until 1593. He continued his work among the many tribes of that region and those of Paraguay until 1589. He knew many indigenous languages and wrote grammars, dictionaries and catechisms for most of these languages.
[4] The "Communist Party of Peru of the Shining Path of Mariátegui" is a Peruvian guerrilla organization inspired by Maoism, set up between 1969 and 1970 by Abimael Guzmán following a split from the Partido Comunista del Peru – Bandera Roja (PCP-BR). Sendero Luminoso (the Shining Path) seeks to subvert the Peruvian political system and set up socialism through armed fighting.


Starting the new year off with a fresh business plan may give you a head start over the competition.
Few real estate salespeople seem to clearly understand the "products" people buy through them. There is a chain of products that clients expect to obtain when they use you to change their real estate portfolio.
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This series of professional strategic business plan design articles can help you finally reach your sales expectations. It may even fill in many of those blanks that the industry courses and broker workshops overlook.
When is the last time you saw a pro sports team allow any athlete on the field without learning the playbook? Exactly! Welcome to real estate.
Now that we're a quarter way through 2015: how do you feel you and your business are performing? Are you flourishing under your current business plan? Are you underperforming? Or maybe you're running into similar issues that you faced last year?
By now your 2015 business plan should be well underway, but it's time for a quick review to keep you on track. Bruce Keith discusses six pitfalls to avoid so your business plan doesn't lose momentum.


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China share of world footwear exports has fallen 7 percentage points since 2010
News & ViewsBy Firoz Ahmed September 14, 2020
China was the source for almost two out of every three pairs of shoes exported in 2019. However, its market share has been steadily declining over the last decade: since 2010 China has now lost 7 percentage points (p.p.) whereas Hong Kong has lost a further 2.4 p.p., falling from 3rd to 15th position among…
Europe increased its export share by 2.6 percentage points between 2010 and 2019
Some 15 billion pairs, or 62% of all footwear produced, were exported in 2019. Unsurprisingly, Asia is the origin of most of these exports with a world share (83.9%) that resembles that which it has in footwear production. However, its export share has decreased slightly over the last decade, as has also happened with every…
North American keep highest 5.6 pairs per capita footwear consumption
Nonetheless, there are still important geographic differences in consumption patterns: per capita footwear consumption varies between 1.6 pairs in Africa and 5.6 pairs in North America. With 4.4 pairs per person, Europe and Oceania approach North American patterns whereas Asia, with 2.6, is closer to Africa's. Therefore, it seems that it is mostly in the…
Asia's share of consumption accounts more than half of all shoes in the world
Almost 9 out of every 10 pairs of shoes are manufactured in Asia
The footwear industry is strongly concentrated in Asia where almost 9 out of every 10 pairs of shoes are manufactured. Asia slightly reinforced its dominance in the international scene over the last decade with its share of the world production increasing by some 2 percentage points, mostly at the expense of South America. Africa, Europe…
24.3 billion pairs of shoes produced in 2019
Footwear production worldwide has increased by 21.2% since 2010 at an average yearly growth rate of 2.2%. In 2019 the industry slowed down, growing only by 0.6% over the previous year, but this was enough to establish a new production record of 24.3 billion pairs, according to World Footwear Yearbook 2020 report.
Leather Goods Market Size Worth $629.65 Billion By 2025 | CAGR 5.4%
The global leather goods market size is expected to reach USD 629.65 billion expanding at a CAGR of 5.4% by 2025, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc.
Global children's footwear market seen up annual 4% to 2024
The global market for children's footwear is expected to grow by $8.65 billion between 2020 and 2024, representing an average annual increase of almost 4 percent, with the launch of exclusive designer footwear being instrumental in driving the market higher, according to the research and advisory firm Technavio.
Brazilian shoe production seen falling up to 29% in volume this year
Brazil's footwear production could fall by between 21.0 and 29.2 percent this year to 643.4-717.5 million pairs due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, according to a survey released by Abicalçados, the country's association of footwear manufacturers.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
ΑρχικήInternational
Turkey cannot abandon Cyprus
YUSUF KANLI yusuf.kanli@hurriyet.com.tr
Turkish Cypriot President Mustafa Akıncı was in Istanbul for the past few days. He was touring TV stations, talking with reporters and trying to explain to the Turkish people that after a federal resolution of the Cyprus problem, there would not be a need for the continued presence of a high number of Turkish troops on the island. But he stressed in all clarity that the Turkish Cypriot people would not say "yes" to any agreement that did not include the continuation of Turkey's security guarantee.
It was interesting to note that for the past number of months, he has been negotiating a federal resolution with his Greek Cypriot counterpart, Nicos Anastasiades, Akıncı never disclosed his personal view, always stressing that his people would not support a deal that did not include Turkey's guarantee. Why? Was it because he personally did not believe there was a need for Turkey's security guarantees on Cyprus?
During the Geneva round of "technical level" talks on security, as well as other headings of the Cyprus problem, why did Turkey feel the need to dispatch Deputy Prime Minister Tuğrul Türkeş? Was Türkeş so bored in Ankara that the government decided to award him with a two-day public-paid holiday in Geneva? If none of the other participants in the Geneva talks sent any minister-level representative there, why did Ankara decide to send Türkeş out of the blue? Since Türkeş did not attend any session of the Cyprus talks and only met over lunch and dinner with the Turkish and Turkish Cypriot delegations, why was there a need for such a Geneva trip; he could have conveyed whatever was his wish over the telephone, no?
Reports from the Greek Cypriot media stress that there was discomfort between Ankara and Akıncı. Was there indeed a confidence crisis? The claim that Ankara was bypassing Akıncı and dealing with chief negotiator Özdil Nami is very worrisome. Are these rumors a tactic of the Greek Cypriot side to create the perception that there was discord between Ankara and the northern Cyprus leadership? On the other hand, since the time of former President Mehmet Ali Talat, Nami has been on and off the Turkish Cypriot negotiations teams and established some very firm friendships both at the Foreign Ministry and at the office of the prime minister. But bypassing his president could not be something Nami could do or Akıncı could accept. Why was such speculation made, then? It is pretty clear that the five-party talks failed, as did the technical-level talks. The latest Cyprus talks exercise is dead. Still, the sides are unable to declare it dead. Thus, most probably, some people are trying to distract attention from the ugly photograph of the collapsed talks with such juicy speculation.
Regardless of whether or not Akıncı personally believes there is a need for the continued presence of Turkish troops on the island, his remark that Turkish Cypriots will not buy any deal that fails to include the Turkish guarantee and troop presence on the island is correct. Over 85 percent of Turkish Cypriots made that declaration in a recent public opinion poll. The very reason Akıncı was touring newsrooms and TV studios in Istanbul was just an effort to save his image, which has been battered with reports that without completing other subjects, he presented a map on territorial adjustments, the first such undertaking by a Turkish Cypriot leader since the start of the Cyprus talks in 1968. Akıncı not only gave a map without completing the discussions on all other headings except security, he attempted to conceal himself with a 1986 pledge by Turkish Cyprus' founding president, Rauf Denktaş, that Turkish Cypriots would have 29+ percent of the territory of the island. Denktaş agreed to 29+ percent of the territory on the condition that there would be a global exchange and compensation scheme and that no Greek Cypriot would be settled in the north after a resolution. That is what Denktaş promised, but what Akıncı delivered is a totally different thing. However, in hiding himself behind Denktaş, Akıncı has been trying to extract himself from the mess he landed in by presenting the territorial adjustment map without progress on any of the other areas, particularly regarding the effective power sharing on the basis of political equality.
It was because of the wrong and rather amateurish approaches of Akıncı and his negotiating team that they seemed to suggest that there was full convergence on all other subjects but the process became deadlocked on the odd issue out, guarantees.
What are the specific demands of Greek Cypriots and Greece? They're quite clear and straight forward. In an EU-member country, there is no need for external security guarantees. An EU country cannot have foreign troops on its territory. Turkish Cypriot security concerns are groundless because conditions have changed a lot following the serious things that might have occurred in the past. The Greek Cypriots are not the same Greek Cypriots aspiring to unite with Greece, and the Turkish Cypriots would not be vulnerable to the attacks of the majority Greek population because EU membership itself would be the biggest guarantee of their security…
Such explanations are perhaps right and Greek Cypriots will most likely not repeat the genocidal tactics they applied between 1963 and 1974 on the Turkish Cypriots. The EU umbrella might serve as an effective tool to tame their wild nationalistic dreams and force them to learn to share power with Turkish Cypriots. Why, then, did over 70 percent of Greek Cypriots say in the latest public opinion poll that they would never agree for the presidency of a federal Cyprus to be occupied for a period by a Turkish Cypriot?
Apart from that, Britain has its own two sovereign bases. Greece, through bilateral deals, has a military presence on the island, as well as the right to access all military installations, including airports and deep-sea ports. Russia has been defending Syria's Bashar al-Assad regime despite all the atrocities it has been committing on its own population just for the sake of its military base in that country. Is Russia not going to become one of the chief actors in the eastern Mediterranean security architecture? But, no, Turkey will pack up and leave Cyprus because the post-resolution federation will be in EU… Come on, someone must be joking.
Then came the answer to Akıncı's declaration that there might not be a need for a high number of Turkish troops on Cyprus after a resolution as Türkeş declared, "Even if there was not a single Turkish Cypriot, the island would still have great strategic importance for Turkey." Capish?
January/30/2017
http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-cannot-abandon-cyprus.aspx?pageID=449&nID=109104&NewsCatID=425


Valley Center for the Performing Arts, 3500 Mountain Blvd.
Valley Center for the Performing Arts at Holy Names University, 3500 Mountain Blvd.
"Sojourner Truth, Photography, and the Fight Against Slavery" Illustrated lecture by Dr. Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby, Goldman Distinguished Professor in the Arts and Humanities, UC Berkeley Join us at Holy Names University in the beautiful Oakland Hills for another exciting session of the Fall 2016 APPSI Speaker Series, presented by the Asia Pacific Peace Studies Institute (APPSI) and co-sponsored by the CORE Program in Integrative Studies Across Cultures. For more information, please contact Prof. Chiho Sawada at sawada@hnu.edu.


text:
Q: 500 internal server error - argument passed must be class type but integer give - symfony2 I have created a relationship between two classes in my symfony2 application. It designed in such that tableB is related to tableA I have entered data in the tableA table (as the super entity) and in my controller I am using json to make a post to insert data into the tableB table. The referencing foreign key from tableB takes an integer but when I try to make a post from postman I get this weird error
{
"message": "Expected value of type "\myBundle\Entity\TableA" for association field "\myBundle\Entity\Platforms#$dataValue", got "integer" instead.",
"class": "Doctrine\ORM\ORMInvalidArgumentException",

this is my json format I am posting from postman
 {
"id": 6,
"variable": false,
"variable": true,
"variable": true,
"variable": true,
"variable": false,
"variable": true,
"variable": true,
"variable": true,
"variable": false,
"variable": false,
"variable": true,
"fkValue":3 //area of challenge
}

In my entity class I have this code snippet
/**
     *
     *
     * @param \MyBundle\Entity\TableA $dataValue
     * @return Platforms
     */
    public function setValue(\Api3Bundle\Entity\TableA $dataValue  = null)
    {
        $this->dataValue  = $dataValue ;

        return $this;
    }

================EDITED==================
this is how I am inserting data from the controller into TableB to the foreign key field of TableA
//getting the value from request
$variable = $request->get('variable');

//setting the value for persistence
$data->setValue($variable);//area of challenge
  $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();
$em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();
  $em->persist($data);

I dont know if I am on the right track but can some show me how to insert data into the foreign key field using json from postman. Much thanks

A: Since you are sending only the key, you can use:
$data->setValue($this->entityManager->getReference('EntityName', $request->get('fkValue')));//area of challenge

Source: http://doctrine-orm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/unitofwork.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


EntropySoft, a specialist of enterprise connectivity and content integration, is releasing the version 5 of its Content Hub. Content Hub connects all ECM systems and manages easily the most advanced document transfers. It enables synchronization of a selection of documents between different ECM systems. The ECM systems may be deployed on-premises or in the cloud. Corporations of all sizes can now manage on their own their document transfers. They can safely share documents in cloud repositories and exchange easily documents with partners and customers.
"Content Hub is EntropySoft's answer to information fragmentation, a universal problem all companies are confronted with. More and more ECM systems are being deployed, increasing information fragmentation and making information access difficult. Content Hub is delivering a single point of access, therefore simplifying and accelerating information access" said Nicolas Maquaire, EntropySoft CEO. "Content Hub is also enabling simple content transfer between repositories. In a matter of minutes, it is even possible to synchronize parts of distinct ECM systems. With synchronization, document sharing in real-time is facilitated by having the right document at the right place. Companies can offer their knowledge silos to a larger audience or easily share documents with partners and customers".
The new version of Content Hub further improves the user experience. The completely redesigned user interface facilitates the way users connect the repositories and improves document transfer monitoring.
EntropySoft added for example a repository discovery feature. This allows Content Hub to automatically connect to all repositories on a server or server farm. This feature is currently available for Microsoft SharePoint, Lotus Quicker, Lotus Notes, Microsoft Exchange and IBM P8.
The document transfer monitoring is also improved. Users can now follow metrics in real-time.
Out-of-the-box document synchronization and document migration are available. In a few clicks, an end-user can activate synchronization of two folders from distinct applications.
Content Hub is also available as a VMware virtual machine that can be very quickly connected to the different applications. In little time, an administrator can start migrating and sharing content between repositories deployed on-premises, at a partner location or in the cloud.
The Content Hub virtual machine is available on a fixed monthly subscription basis that allows you to start immediately improving document life-cycle. Content Hub is available for large organizations in perpetual license for installation in their corporate environment.
Content Hub accelerates and simplifies information access while managing the most advanced documents transfers.
EntropySoft is a specialist of enterprise connectivity and document integration. EntropySoft's mission is to connect applications to information.
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text:
Men's Soccer 2019 season preview
Huskies look to bounce back after 8-9-1 season in 2018
Peyton Qauckenbush, Contributing Writer
This Friday, Sept. 6, marks the first game of the 2019 season for the Bloomsburg University Men's soccer team.
The team is traveling to Salem, West Virginia to play against Salem University at 4:00 p.m. The Huskies did not get a chance to play Salem University last season, so the match will be an exciting opening game for both teams to start the new season.
It is the head coach Danny Wheelan's second season with the Huskies, and it is exciting to see what is in store for the team's upcoming season.
Last year, the team ended with an 8-9-1 overall record, almost ending with a .500 record.
The team ended with a .500 home game record at 5-5. Senior Tyler Madeira lead the team with 10 goals last season with a .303 shot percentage.
Madeira was a huge scoring weapon for the Huskies and the continuation of his skills could benefit the team immensely for his last season in a Bloomsburg uniform.
Senior Mike Bazadona III was the second leading scorer for the Huskies last season and with his combined efforts as well as Madeira's, the offense for the Huskies could very well progress for the 2019 season.
Now that Danny Wheelan has one year of experience under his belt and had a year of getting to know his players strengths and weaknesses, his team has a good chance of obtaining the .500 record they were so close to last season.
Especially with the help of the Huskies' two leading scorers and the other teammates, the team has developed chemistry through out the previous years.
The Huskies get things started in 2019 season on Friday, Sept. 6 when it travels to Salem University in West Virginia. Opening kickoff is set for 4:00 p.m.
For more information on this year's team and the first game of the season, visit buhuskies.com
Huskies claw their way to PSAC Championship but fall short
From the Field to the Sidelines: Natalie Holmes First Year Graduate Assistant Coach
Huskies Fall Short on Homecoming
Huskies Fall to West Chester, Snapping Eight-Game Win Streak
Huskies Fall to Rams in Three Sets
A Look Back on Bloomsburg's 1991 Women's Lacrosse Team
Bloomsburg Equestrian Team To Host Intercollegiate Horse Show
New Men's Basketball Coach Brings Wealth of PSAC Experience
A Star Person First, A Star Athlete Second


Additional Focus Areas (AFAs) are a set of extension focus areas designed to allow students to dive deeper into key content knowledge areas during the school year.
Additional Focus Areas constitute 9% of a student's overall grade. To determine the grade value of each Additional Focus Area, divide the 9 percentage points available by the number of Additional Focus Areas.
If there is only one AFA, it will be worth 9% of the overall grade.
If there are two AFAs, each will be worth 4.5% of the overall grade.
If there are three AFAs, each will be worth 3% of the overall grade.
If there are nine AFAs, each will be worth 1% of the overall grade.
Unlike Power Focus Areas, students aren't required to master all Additional Focus Areas to pass a course; failure to complete one or more Additional Focus Areas will not generate an 'incomplete' grade for a student.
However, there is a grade penalty for each incomplete Additional Focus Area. The highest grade a student can receive in a course without passing any Additional Focus Areas is 91% (out of 100%).
Parents, mentors and teachers may want to remind students that they will lose overall grade points if they do not complete all their Additional Focus Areas.
If any student does not complete his or her first AFA by the time the blue line crosses it on the year page, the platform will remove the 9 percentage points. This means that a student's grade may drop by 9 percentage points on a single day, but will jump back up when he or she completes the missing AFA.
On the last day of the school year, if the final AFA is not completed, students will lose additional points on their final overall grade. The number of points lost depends on the total number of AFAs in the course.
At the start of each school year, the platform will grant the 9% constituted by Additional Focus Areas to each students' grade automatically. Over the course of the year, if students do not complete Additional Focus Areas on pace, the points will be removed from the students' overall grade.


Every game project deserve a fantastic Final Boss and Tyler aims to deliver exactly that with the Super Boss Series of Battlers. This first screen-filling Super Boss will have your players begging for mercy!
This pack includes 1 Super Boss presented in 6 varients and comes with 3 complimentary backgrounds (battlebacks) to give the final boss all the epic-ness you desire. The Super Boss Series is designed to provide you a number of fill-the-screen end guys, and this first addition does is so well!
Also, your support makes all the difference. So please check me out on Patreon as well. Become a Patron!
Unlimited Commercial Use License: All assets purchased through itch.io are royalty free and are usable in any engine without limitations.
Love this art! Hey do you think you could make heroes/players [knight, barbarian, mage, cleric, rogue, etc]? My idea is to make a card type game using these. All I'd need is some matching heroes.
Thank you. Love the card game idea. Knights, barbarians, etc. is on my big to-do list. I have a project in the works now that should incorporate some of those type characters. I have to admit monsters are more fun, but I've certainly heard the interest from several folks on some humanoid NPC -type art, so will get to it soon.
What do you use (software/hardware) to draw these?
All of them are hand drawn in colored pencil on watercolor paper, then imported into photoshop, and edited.


The Transit of Venus gives us the opportunity to see how transits make it possible to detect extrasolar planets, i.e. planets orbiting stars other than the Sun, and also, to give a progress report on these new worlds.
Why should we be interested in extrasolar planets?
It is natural to wonder whether life exists elsewhere than on the Earth. Epicurus raised the question already in 300 BC (in his Letter to Herodotus; moreover he answered positively with no hesitation).
Life can, a priori , take extremely different forms from our own. Within this unlimited range we do not know where to look first, which does not help much. To make research more effective, we start by searching for forms of life that share with us the characteristics that we think are - if not universal - at least rather widespread: to be based on organic chemistry, to develop in an environment, if not aqueous at least sufficiently wet, and finally, to have at its disposal a source of permanent luminous energy. The most favoured environments for such conditions are solid planet surfaces (or liquids) located a fair distance from their star. They are called "habitable" planets.
In other words, it is necessary first to detect other planetary systems. This condition also answers other questions such as: how many planetary systems are there in the Galaxy? How are their characteristics distributed (number of planets, masses, orbits etc.), how are they correlated with the type of star?
How to detect other planetary systems?
The most obvious method would be to take a picture of a planetary system where the planets are close to the host star. This is also the most promising method because it would be possible to see the colours of planets, to deduce the characteristics of their atmospheres and of their surfaces, and to detect signs of possible life. Unfortunately, it is also the most difficult to implement because stars are a billion times more brilliant than planets and they dazzle the observer.
We should start then with indirect approaches since direct imaging will not be possible before about 2007, and the instruments to make the observations are still being prepared.
When the planet orbits its host star, in fact it turns around the centre of gravity of the star-planet pair, and so does the star.
The "radial " velocity V of the star (component of the speed of the star in the line of sight star-observer). The amplitude of this variation is 13 m/s for a planet similar to Jupiter, located, like Jupiter, at five astronomical units (A.U.) from its star.
The position of the star on the sky ("astrometric" method) since the star turns around the centre of gravity of the star-planet pair.
A planet can slightly and temporarily darken the star around which it is orbiting (transit). This is the transposition to stars of the method for transit of Venus across the Sun. It is nevertheless quite different: whereas in the case of Venus we can see an image of the planet in front of the solar disk, in the case of a extrasolar planet the star is seen as a point and all that one can observe is a very small drop in the intensity of the star during the transit. The relative fall of luminosity is proportional to the surface area of the planet.
This drop of luminosity is 1% for a giant planet like Jupiter and 0.01% for a planet of the size of the Earth.
A disadvantage of this method is the low geometric probability (p = R/A where R is the radius of the star) for the orbit of the planet to be correctly oriented to produce a transit. This probability is around 0.5% for a planet located at one A.U. from its star; in other words, if all the stars have a planet at one A.U., it is necessary to follow 200 of them to see a transit. If 10% of stars have a planet at one A.U., then in order to detect ten stars, 20 000 need to be followed photometrically.
The method of radial velocity shifts has made possible the detection of 103 planetary systems (as of November 2003), of which 13 are multiple, giving in all 118 planets. These detections indicate that at least ~7% of stars are accompanied by at least one planet. Extrapolated to the entire galaxy, this proportion means that our galaxy contains at least 7 billion planets. The masses of the detected planets range from 36 Earth masses to 13 Jupiter masses. The lower limit comes from the limitation of instrumental precision. The higher limit is fixed by the definition adopted for a planet: above 13 Jupiter masses, a body has its own source of energy due to central thermonuclear activity: it is thus a star. The distances from the detected planets to their stars ranges from 0.02 A.U. to 4.8 A.U. Curiously, half of the detected orbits are rather elliptic (strong eccentricity) contrary to what happens in the solar system where all the planets (except Mercury and Pluto) have quasi-circulars orbits. This phenomenon is not yet understood.
Among the 118 planets detected by their radial velocity shifts, one (HD 209458 b) also produces a transit every four days. The Hubble Space Telescope observed such an event. Spectroscopic observations during transits of this planet already provided indications of the chemical composition of its atmosphere. It is necessary to add also the planet OGLE-TR-56 B, which was detected by the transit method (and confirmed later by radial velocity measurements). There is in this case a transit every 30 hours which implies, if the interpretation of the observations is correct , a very tight orbit (only five times the radius of the Sun).
All these planets are giant planets and would not be able to sustain a form of life similar to terrestrial life.
The Hubble Space Telescope observed, in June 2003, 50 000 stars with the aim of seeking planetary transits. A hundred planets are expected from this; the results of the analysis will be available in 2004.
The satellite CoRoT , will follow 60 000 stars over two and an half years to llok for planetary transits. It will be launched by the CNES (French Space Agency) in June 2006. We expect that it will find the first "big Earths" (approximately twice the radius of the Earth) in the Galaxy, some being likely to harbour a form of life.
The American satellite Kepler (launch planned for 2008) should detect by the same method a few hundreds planets of a size similar to Mars.
The U.S. satellite SIM (Space Interferometric Mission), scheduled for launch in 2009, should detect using the astrometric method, at least a few tens of planets, primarily giants. The much more ambitious European project GAIA (launch foreseen in 2011) will follow a billion stars with the same goal. A harvest of a few tens of thousands of planets is expected.
The U.S. satellite JWST (with a European contribution to detect planets) will try to seek giant "hot" planets by imagery. With a little bit of luck it could find a few tens of them.
Finally, two parallel projects (Darwin for Europe, TPF for the USA) are being studied to detect habitable planets by imagery. In the second phase a spectroscopic study of these planets will seek, around 2020, signs of biological activity, such as the presence of oxygen or colours characteristic of vegetation. In the meantime, NASA studies precursors to TPF with more modest ambitions.
We are living at a time when a question, unresolved from antiquity, will find an answer: near 2020, a great change will take place in the history of astronomy. It may be important for humanity, too.
To find out more, look at the books section from The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia at Paris Observatory.
 Written by Jean Schneider, Paris Observatory.
 It is necessary to be sure that the transits are not artefacts due to a binary star with its own eclipses.
 CoRoT means "Convection Rotation and planetary Transits" since this satellite will also study the rotation of the stars.


The Park Summit Homeowners Association swimming pool is open to all current residents and their guests. The pool facility is located at 135 Coral Reef Terrace (at the corner with Pensacola Drive and Coral Reef Drive).
The pool will open on May 25, 2019.


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With ODI series lost and T20 in the bag, what can we expect from India in Test Series?
Much to the surprise of the cricket lovers from across the world, team India struggled against the kangaroos in their strongest suit and lost the ODI series by 2-1, before bouncing back in the T20 series to clinch it with one T20 remaining to be played. Although both the teams missed some of their top players in quite a few games, there is ample time for all the splayers to regain full fitness before the test series starts on Dec 17.
The expectations back home would've surely increased for the Indian team after winning the T20 series quite convincingly. Both the teams are expected to miss their openers, which makes it a tussle of equals. At this juncture, the fans in India are eager to know about the chances of Indian team to win the test series. Here's a preview of sorts to understand what to expect from India in the upcoming test series:
The opening conundrum
There are as many as 4 specialist openers in the reckoning for team India to start the test series with, including Prithvi Shaw, Mayank Agarwal, KL Rahul and Shubman Gill. While India is likely to open with Prithvi Shaw and Mayank Agarwal, don't be surprised if the management thinks otherwise, given the Kohli's love for experimentation. The openers will have their task cut out against the best in the business on bowling-friendly surfaces. It would be a difficult job for the opening pair to stand up against the pace of Starc, bounce of Cummins and the accuracy of Hazlewood.
Although one cannot undermine the talent and ability of these young guns, it looks highly unlikely that the duo would be able to weather the storm in majority of the innings.
A solid middle order
With a strong middle order consisting of Kohli, Pujara, Vihari and Saha, India can certainly bank on the trio to perform the rescue act whenever required. Kohli's form is never questionable, while Pujara always holds the fort in difficult conditions. Vihari has been rising to the occasion for team India in the last few years. The middle order is quite familiar with these conditions and the bowlers to stay in the right frame of mind even amidst testing times on the crease, which arguers well for the men in blue.
However, the litmus test for the trio will start when Nathan Lyon gets a ball. The off spinner is quiet dangerous on Australian tracks with the bounce he gets. So, one can certainly say that tackling Lyon successfully should seal the deal for the Indian middle order.
The variety in bowling
India's bowling has been a revelation in the last couple of years and it will be no different in Australia. While the seam attack looks well-oiled with all the bases covered, the contest will be decided between Lyon and Ashwin. Nathan Lyon has performed brilliantly for the kangaroos, but Ravi Ashwin has often struggled in the SENA countries. So, the spinners may well prove to be the difference, as the seam bowling attack is evenly matched.
Overall, the contest should be mouth-watering and India is set to give a tough fight and try to replicate their performance from last year. However, Australia have been boosted by the return of Smith and Warner, and it won't be easy for the Indian team to break through the batting order, as it was on their last tour.
The revised squads are as below:
Tests: Virat Kohli (capt), Rohit Sharma, Mayank Agarwal, Prithvi Shaw, KL Rahul, Cheteshwar Pujara, Ajinkya Rahane (vice-capt), Hanuma Vihari, Shubman Gill, Wriddhiman Saha (wk), Rishabh Pant (wk), Jasprit Bumrah, Mohammed Shami, Umesh Yadav, Navdeep Saini, Kuldeep Yadav, Ravindra Jadeja, R. Ashwin, Mohammed Siraj
India vs Australia, Test Schedule
1st Test: Adelaide Oval, Adelaide | December 17 – December 21 | 9:30 AM IST
2nd Test: MCG, Melbourne | December 26 – December 30 | 9:30 AM IST
3rd Test: SCG, Sydney | January 7 – January 11 | 9:30 AM IST
4th Test: The Gabba, Brisbane | January 15 – Januray 19 | 9:30 AM IST
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Andrew has been in the online publishing industry since 2015. After receiving his degree in professional journalism from the Indian Institute of Journalism and New Media, he contributed to multiple websites as a freelance writer and feature editor. Mostly, Andrew tackles controversies and theories that lead to a specific conclusion that either debunk or justify a particular claim. Further, Andrew participates in social developments that aim to simplify every individual's way of life and fight for peace. He is the new Editor-in-Chief of Pressroom Today.
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If the answer is YES, YES, YES then please join us on Saturday the 16th of February, as Chantel Hutnan (Pharmacist, Functional Diagnostic Practitioner & Co-Founder of EvoPrime Fitness) shares with you how you can easily support your whole health using safe, effective and affordable essential oils!
Tickets are $20 per person (or bring along a friend and you each pay $10!) for this 2-hour Workshop & include a delicious morning tea + essential oil recipe ideas.


In addition to our roofing services, Plano Roofing Contractor also provides professional skylight repairs, replacements, and removals for the convenience of residential and commercial property owners. We can ensure that your skylight is secure and weathertight for full enjoyment and beauty. Our team repairs hail damaged skylights, leaking skylights, and other common issues experienced by our customers. We have the knowledge and equipment to perform repairs on the spot, and restore your skylight to top condition. For Plano skylight repairs, contact Plano Roofing Contractor.
Our team has the skills and expertise to perform skylight repairs, skylight replacements, and skylight removals for residential and commercial properties. We have extensive experience providing professional assistance to customers throughout Plano, TX. Our quality workmanship, exceptional customer service, and timely delivery of effective and affordable solutions makes us the perfect choice for any skylight repair job. We work quickly and efficiently to diagnose and fix any issues, minimizing inconvenience and disruption to our customers. We will help you stop leaks and replace damaged glass to ensure that your property is once again energy efficient and protected from the elements.
Plano Roofing Contractor provides skylight repairs, skylight replacements, and skylight removals to assist our customers with the maintenance and upkeep of their residential or commercial property. In the majority of cases, problems caused by a damaged or improperly installed skylight can be repaired without requiring a full replacement. Our professionals will inspect your skylight as well as the surrounding area of your roof to identify the source of the problem and take the necessary steps to resolve it. If a skylight is too badly damaged, or the customer is looking to switch to a different style, a skylight replacement may be done. Finally, if a skylight is no longer desired, our team can provide a complete skylight removal and help to close up your roof.
Whether you are a residential or commercial property owner, renovation activities can often be disruptive and inconvenient for your day to day activities. Our team works quickly and efficiently to complete skylight repairs, replacements, or removals in order to restore comfort, protection, and beauty to your home or business with as little interruption to your routine or operations as possible. We adhere to strict schedule, and will begin and finish the work as soon as possible for you. Our fast and affordable service ensures that Plano, TX customers are able to have their skylight repaired with minimal hassle.
Our roofers know their way around a roof. With many years of professional experience and training under their belts, they are insured and qualified to provide roof and skylight repairs for any residential or commercial property in Plano, TX. Our pride in our work means that our customers receive top notch care and quality results every time. No matter the problem, our knowledgeable and skilled team are prepared to provide you with swift and effective solutions.


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FORZA Entered into PrintWeek Packaging Awards 2013
Shortly after experiencing success with one of its unique label designs, Kent-based food supplement manufacturer FORZA will now be entered for a PrintWeek Packaging Award for one of its box designs. The box in question has been used to contain a vacuum packed bag of slimming tablets. The supplement firm already sells Eph 30+ in bottles of 100 and 250 tablets, but has now decided to add a mighty 1000 tablets box version to its product line. Each box contains more than a year's supply of the energy-boosting diet formula.
The box will be submitted to the PrintWeek Awards 2013 by Nottingham-based firm Sherwood Press, who used their specialist printing knowledge and expertise to support the FORZA design and produce a high quality piece of packaging. When asked about his thoughts on the finished design, FORZA Brand Manager Nigel Davison said: "It was a real pleasure to work with the team at Sherwood Press and they have made it easier for us to fulfil our own ambition of ensuring that our products look better than anything else on the shelves. "In addition to their fantastic embossing and foil blocking techniques, we were very impressed with the company's exceptionally high standards in all aspects of print production." The product itself will retail at £80 and provide customers with more than a year's supply of slimming tablets. For many years, Eph 30+ has served as an ephedrine alternative but has never been available in 'ephedrine sized' quantities.
Lee Smith, FORZA Managing Director, is confident that the 1000 tablet version will appeal to most customers. He said: "Eph 30+ customers are very loyal and we regularly see repeat buys. By providing users with this many tablets, we can give them the same cutting-edge product but with greater value for money. "The dangers associated with ephedrine have seen the ingredient quickly become a thing of the past. Eph 30+ is not only safer than all ephedrine-based slimming tablets – it is the future of pre-workout diet supplements."


In Muros you can participate in activities related to the profession of shellfish-gatherer on the sands, or in the fish and shellfish auction in the dock fish market, by contacting the "Cofradia de Pescadores" (Fishermen's Brotherhood).
It's a good way of getting close to the natural cycles, the marine environment and the responsible consumption of fishing produce: a responsible consumer participates in respecting and conserving the marine environment, and promotes sustainable fishing.
The grooved carpetshell is highly valued for its intense flavour and ease of eating. It has a wonderful taste, whether eaten natural or grilled. Both the grooved and the common carpetshell are harvested in the traditional way, on foot with a hoe. Harvesting is prohibited in March, April and May. The best seasons are July-August and November-December.
The cockle is a species highly prized for its flavour, harvested traditionally, with a rake or on foot with a hoe.
Razor clams live buried in the bays' sand, always in clean shallow water. They are taken one at a time by hand by breath-holding or snorkelling divers. Their exploitation is controlled according to location.


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Sunshine Coast Shopping Centre Sold at Auction for $6 Million
A fully tenanted shopping complex at Tewantin on the Sunshine Coast has been sold at auction for $6 million after being put on the market for the first time since it was built more than 20 years ago.
The Noosa Outlook Shopping Centre at 63 St Andrews Drive, Tewantin, was sold to a private investor by Ray White Commercial Noosa and Sunshine Coast North Directors Paul Butler and Paul Forrest on behalf of a local investor for a passing yield of 7.0 per cent.
Paul Forrest said the marketing campaign for the IGA Supermarket anchored shopping complex attracted almost 100 enquiries and there were eight registered bidders at the on-site auction.
"More than 50 people attended the auction and we had particularly strong interest from local investors who recognised the strength of the centre which is returning net rental income of approximately $421,000 per annum," he said.
"The sale price represents a yield of 7.0 per cent and reflects the future potential of the property to capitalise on the strong catchment area.
"The complex has a low tenant turnover even though it has a soft weighted average lease expiry (WALE) of 1.75 years. A number of the 14 tenants want to increase their floor areas significantly."
Paul Butler said it was the first time the complex had been offered for sale since it was built by the current owners in 1993 after they purchased the 7,559 sqm site in a mortgagee sale the previous year.
"The site offers 91 car parking spaces but less than 20 per cent of the site is fully utilised with the main building offering a net lettable area of approximately 1,474 sqm," he said.
"It is a very well patronised shopping centre which is situated in a large residential catchment.
"The shopping complex is located at the centre of the Noosa Outlook estate, which is Tewantin's largest residential locality.
"Lend Lease's Hibiscus Noosa Outlook Retirement Resort which has 234 Villas of 1, 2 and 3 bedroom units, directly adjoins to the east."


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Q: How to implement the API Samples? (VoiceRecognition) I am very new to Android development and I am trying to create a very basic app that makes use of the VoiceRecognition facility.
The resource site here says to just paste the sample code into the project:
http://developer.android.com/resources/articles/speech-input.html
However eclipse doesn't seem to find/like the line "import com.example.android.apis.R", what it underlines is the com.example part of it, and as a result all the "R." methods give errors (e.g. findViewById(R.id.list))....
Is there something that I am not doing? Am I supposed to set up the project in a particular way in order to use these code samples?
Thank you very much

A: Check that you have the Google APIs installed in your environment.
For each SDK version you target, you can choose to use the one with the Google APIs or not. Speech input utilises the Google APIs so you must have them installed and target them in your app and Eclipse.

EDIT:
Detailed instructions for using the Google APIs in Eclipse can be found on the Google Maps Overview page.
You'll need to pay particular attention to the Set up a new Android project section (which also covers reconfiguring an existing project) and Set up an Android Virtual Device. You may or may not need to reference the speech library in a similar way to the Add a uses-library element section.


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ClaimsPro, Canada's leading provider of independent claims adjusting services and an SCM company, today announced the appointment of Jason Illes as TEC Provincial Lead, British Columbia, Specialty Risk Division (SRD).
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ClaimsPro, Canada's largest independent adjusting company is pleased to announce a new claims service designed exclusively to handle first and third-party cannabis claims.
New branch to provide services to the region.
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ClaimsPro, Canada's largest independent adjusting company is pleased to announce Trent Buchanan has joined the ClaimsPro team in Edmonton as Branch Manager.
ClaimsPro, Canada's largest independent loss adjusting organization, is pleased to announce that Senior General Adjuster Myron Zaharia has relocated to the Lower Mainland to better serve clients in the region as part of ClaimsPro's Specialty Risk Division (SRD).
BBCG Claim Services (BBCG), a division of ClaimsPro Specialty Risk Division and national provider of specialized claims solutions, recently announced that the organization's founding partner and President, W.E. (Ted) Baker has retired.


The National Weather Service has posted as freeze warning for the Front Range from Wyoming to New Mexico from midnight tonight to 9 a.m., Friday. A high wind warning has been posted for much of northeast Colorado, but does not include Weld County.
The weather service said a strong low pressure system will pass to the north and east of Colorado today causing the gusty winds for the northeast corner of the state. Once those winds diminish this evening, colder air will settle over the region.
A freeze warning means sub-freezing temperatures are imminent or highly likely. Those conditions will kills crops and other sensitive outdoor vegetation. If possible, the weather service advises residents to move plants indoors to protect them from the cold, or cover them with newspapers or blankets.
The low in Greeley is forecast for 31 degrees early Friday, with colder temperatures expected in lower areas of Weld.


Bruce is married and lives in Chicago with his wife, Diane. He has two daughters, one still living at home. Bruce has been a union painter in the city of Chicago for more than 35 years. A self-proclaimed dog lover, Bruce loves to spend time with his Golden Retriever, Cleo. Bruce also enjoys cooking and is an accomplished musician, playing piano, tenor sax, and flute. While Bruce has had an active role in the selection of all the charities that FDC supports, he has a special fondness for the ones involving animals. SitStayRead, which brings dogs into Chicago classrooms, combines two of Bruce's passions: animals and education. Bruce also discovered and advocated for Girls in the Game, an organization that helps school-age girls to participate in sports. Bruce has a goal of finding new opportunities in housing and healthcare that the Foundation can support.
John has served as President of the FDC Foundation since its inception in 2008. John lives in suburban Chicago with his wife, Mary. In his role as President, John is responsible for working with the Directors to execute the Foundation's mission. In his professional life, John works as a training consultant at Universal Training, a consulting firm that develops educational programs for industry. The challenge John enjoys most in his work with the Foundation is collaborating with the Board to reach consensus on charities that both fit the Foundation's mission and that all of the Directors enthusiastically support. When he's not at work, John's interests include travel, food and wine, and anything automotive. John's immediate goal for the Foundation is to initiate relationships with organizations that can potentially provide outside funding, so that we can expand the Foundation's work.
Cindy lives in suburban Chicago with her husband, Charlie. Cindy and Charlie have three children and two grandchildren. Professionally, Cindy is the owner of a residential/commercial cleaning service. Cindy enjoys gardening, fishing and crafts in her spare time as well as volunteering and travel. Cindy has taken a special interest in the Foundation's relationships with the American Diabetes Association and Together We Cope. Cindy is especially proud of the fact that the FDC Foundation was voted Top Supporter in 2011 by the ADA. A goal Cindy has for the Foundation is a stronger focus on housing for low-income families.
Susan resides in Chicago with her husband, Randy. They have three children, three grandchildren, and four rescue cats. Professionally, Susan spent her forty-year career in child development, early childhood education, and non-profit management. Susan has taken a personal interest in most of the charities FDC has supported, having had prior knowledge of several of them from her professional career. Susan is most gratified by the education-related grants that FDC has made, especially the scholarships. A goal that Susan has for the Foundation is to facilitate networking and sharing of best practices among the grantees in the Foundation's various funding areas.