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text:
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Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during her lifetime, and was head of state of 15 realms at the time of her death. Read more on Wikipedia
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: PCF (Pivotal CLoud Foundry ) is appending content lenght to my applictaion The logs below are from PCF:
[APP/PROC/WEB/0] [OUT] },
{Content-Type=[application/json;charset=UTF-8], Date=[Thu, 11 Oct 2018 01:17:46 GMT], X-Application-Context=[sg-payment-gateway-service:dev,cloud:0],
X-Newrelic-App-Data=[PxQGVlVUDwMFR1BXBgAEX1YADhFORDQHUjZKA1ZLVVFHDFYPbU5gEhZfWQYlDFZHQgsNDlJDa0ktX19HIxYKIV8MTBBXVFhXQTkWCF8IRzIFT1oECBcaHwBKUU4HHwdVVAIPA1VKVVIcQAlQCgFVVwADDVUAWQMAUlQVTQACVEBVOQ==],
X-Vcap-Request-Id=[dce381ea-c25d-423f-5dfb-2e7275f7ec69], **Content-Length=[700],** Strict-Transport-Security=[max-age=31536000;]}>

When I deploy my application in PCF, this content length is getting appended shortening my response. The same in my local works. How to set content length in PCF?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
\section{Introduction}

The study of mechanical properties of physical membranes, which are two-dimensional surfaces embedded in three-dimensional space, has a prominent experimental platform in graphene,\cite{NF04} a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal crystalline order.\cite{CG09,VKG10} Graphene is a stiff membrane, which presents long wavelength modulations of the out-of-plane displacements, commonly referred as ripples.\cite{MR07,BG08,FLK07} The impact of corrugation on electronic transport, as well as the mechanical properties of graphene, are subjects of intense investigation.\cite{KC08,MO08,G09b,EK10,SGG11,MO10,CG10}

Of special interest is to understand the effects of an external strain applied to the membrane.\cite{GP88} This is so because most of the graphene samples are subject to some finite amount of strain, due either to the pinning to the substrate (for samples on SiO$_2$, for example) or to the electrostatic force due to the gate on suspended samples. In particular, the existence of tension affects the dispersion of flexural phonons.\cite{MO10,CG10} In fact, whereas in the harmonic approximation and in the absence of strain, the dispersion relation of flexural phonons is quadratic, $\omega_{fl}(q)\sim q^2$, strain introduces a characteristic wave-vector $q_s$ where the dispersion changes from linear (for $q<q_s$) to quadratic (for $q>q_s$). However, anharmonic coupling between bending and stretching modes is important and leads to a further renormalization of the mode dispersion, especially at long wavelengths.\cite{NP87,AL88,DR92,KM09,LF09,BH10}

In this paper, we study the effect of tension on the flexural phonons of a 2D membrane. For this aim, we include a strain field in the free energy, which is studied first in the harmonic approximation and then including anharmonic effects, using the self-consistent screening approximation\cite{DR92,G09c,ZRFK10} (SCSA). The results of a stiff membrane as graphene are compared to those for a softer membrane, for which the bending rigidity has been highly reduced. The validity of the continuum elastic theory is checked by comparing the SCSA results to atomistic Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Our numerical results show that, for stiff membranes as graphene, small amounts of tension can be used to suppress the anharmonic effects. The case of compressional strain is much more complex due to its highly non-linear behavior,\cite{SS02,CM03,MG99,BD11} and it cannot be accounted for in the SCSA. However, we can still use atomistic MC simulations for this case and, in fact, we find a highly non-trivial behavior for the correlation function of a compressed graphene membrane, with no crossover to a power-law behavior as in the tensioned case.

The paper is organized as follows. In Sec. \ref{Sec:Harmonic} we discuss, in the harmonic approximation, the effect of an external strain in the system, and compare the results to the unstrained case. In Sec. \ref{Sec:SCSA} we consider the anharmonic coupling between bending and stretching modes in the SCSA. In Sec. \ref{Sec:MC} the results of the continuum elastic theory are compared to atomistic MC simulations for the height-height correlation function. The MC simulation for a compressed membrane is also included. The main conclusions of our work are summarized in Sec. \ref{Sec:Conclusions}.

\section{Harmonic approximation}\label{Sec:Harmonic}

In the absence of any external strain, the flat phase of a 2D membrane at sufficiently long scales is well described by a free energy that is a sum of a bending and a stretching part\cite{NPW04}
\begin{equation}\label{Eq:F_u=0}
{\cal F}[{\bf u},h]=\frac{1}{2}\int d^2{\bf r} \left[\kappa \left(\nabla^2h\right)^2+2\mu u_{\alpha\beta}^2+\lambda u_{\alpha\alpha}^2\right]
\end{equation}
where $\kappa$ is the bending rigidity, $\lambda$ and $\mu$ are the first Lam\'e constant and the shear modulus, respectively,\footnote{In most part of this paper, we use the typical parameters for graphene at room temperature: $\kappa\approx1.1$eV, $\lambda\approx2.4$eV\AA$^{-2}$ and $\mu\approx9.95$eV\AA$^{-2}$.} and $u_{\alpha\beta}$ is the {\it internal} strain tensor
\begin{equation}\label{Eq:StrainTensor}
u_{\alpha\beta}\approx \frac{1}{2}(\partial_{\alpha}u_{\beta}+\partial_{\beta}u_{\alpha}+\partial_{\alpha}h\partial_{\beta}h).
\end{equation}
In the harmonic approximation, the bending and stretching modes are decoupled. From Eq. (\ref{Eq:F_u=0}), one can calculate the correlation function for the out-of-plane displacements $h({\bf r})$ which, in Fourier space, reads
\begin{equation}\label{Eq:G0_u=0}
\langle |h({\bf q}) |^2 \rangle_{u=0}=\frac{k_BT}{\kappa q^4},
\end{equation}
where $k_B$ is the Boltzman constant, $T$ is the temperature, and the suffix $u=0$ in the average denotes the absence of any external strain. The effect of an external strain applied to the membrane is modeled by the inclusion of a new term in the theory, $\tau_{\alpha\beta}$, that couples to the internal strain tensor. Therefore, we use the following expansion for the free energy
\begin{equation}\label{Eq:F}
{\cal F}[{\bf u},h,\tau_{\alpha\beta}]=\frac{1}{2}\int d^2{\bf r} \left[\kappa \left(\nabla^2h\right)^2+2\mu u_{\alpha\beta}^2+\lambda u_{\alpha\alpha}^2+\tau_{\alpha\beta}u_{\alpha\beta}\right]
\end{equation}
where $\tau_{\alpha\beta}=\lambda\delta_{\alpha\beta}u^{ext}_{\alpha\beta}+2\mu u^{ext}_{\alpha\beta}$ is expressed in terms of the {\it external} strain tensor $u^{ext}_{\alpha\beta}$.  In the harmonic approximation, the Fourier component of the height-height correlation function reads simply
\begin{equation}\label{Eq:G0}
G_0({\bf q})\equiv \langle |h({\bf q}) |^2 \rangle_{u}=\frac{k_BT}{q^2\left (\kappa q^2+\lambda u^{ext}_{\alpha\alpha}+2\mu u^{ext}_{\alpha\beta}\frac{q_{\alpha}q_{\beta}}{|{\bf q}|^2}\right)}.
\end{equation}
For an isotropic expansion and in the long wavelength limit, we can approximate
\begin{equation}
u^{ext}_{\alpha\beta}=u\delta_{\alpha\beta}
\end{equation}
where $u=\delta S/2S$ accounts for the uniform dilation of the membrane, where $S$ is the membrane surface and $\delta S$ is the change in area due to the application of strain. This reduces $G_0({\bf q})$ to
\begin{equation}\label{Eq:G0uniform}
G_0({\bf q})=\frac{k_BT}{q^2[\kappa q^2+2(\lambda+\mu)u]}
\end{equation}
 where $\tau=2(\lambda+\mu)u$ is the stress of the system. Notice that for the unstrained case ($u=0$), as given by Eq. (\ref{Eq:G0_u=0}), the mean square amplitude of the out-of-plane displacement diverges, in the harmonic approximation, as\cite{NPW04} $\langle h^2\rangle_{u=0} \propto L^2$, where $\langle h^2\rangle=\sum_{{\bf q}}\langle | h({\bf q})|^2\rangle$ and $L$ is the sample size. Furthermore, the normal-normal correlation $\langle {\bf n}({\bf r})\cdot{\bf n}(0)\rangle$ diverges logarithmically as $r\rightarrow \infty$. However, for a membrane under uniform dilation, we can use Eq. (\ref{Eq:G0uniform}) and obtain
\begin{equation}
\langle h^2\rangle= \frac{k_BT}{8\pi(\lambda+\mu)u}\log\left(1+\frac{2(\lambda+\mu)u}{\kappa q_{min}^2}\right)\propto \frac{\log (L^2u)}{u}
\end{equation}
where $q_{min}=2\pi/L$ is an infrared cutoff of the order of the inverse sample size $L$. Furthermore, from the normal-normal correlation function $\langle |{\bf n}({\bf q})|^2\rangle=k_BT/[\kappa(q^2+q_u^2)]$, where $q_u=\sqrt{2(\lambda+\mu)u/\kappa}$ we obtain that
\begin{equation}
\langle {\bf n}({\bf r})\cdot{\bf n}(0)\rangle = \frac{k_BT}{\kappa}\int \frac{d^2{\bf q}}{(2\pi)^2} \frac{e^{i{\bf q}\cdot{\bf r}}}{q^2+q_u^2}=\frac{ k_BT}{2\pi\kappa}K_0(q_ur),
\end{equation}
where $K_0(x)$ is a modified Bessel function of the second kind. Taking into account that, for $x\gg 1$, $K_0(x)\approx \sqrt{\pi/2x}e^{-x}$, we obtain that, for $r\rightarrow \infty$
\begin{equation}
\langle {\bf n}({\bf r})\cdot{\bf n}(0)\rangle \approx \frac{ k_BT}{\kappa}\frac{e^{-q_ur}}{\sqrt{8\pi q_ur}}.
\end{equation}
Therefore, the application of external strain, as expected, guarantees the long range 2D order of the membrane. Furthermore, $q_u^{-1}$ defines a length-scale that separates the strain dominated from the unstrained regions of the correlation functions.
\newline

\section{Anharmonic effects: continuum elastic theory in the SCSA}\label{Sec:SCSA}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{fig/Fig-u.pdf}
 \caption{(Color online) Correlation function in the harmonic approximation, $G_0({\bf q})$ (blue dashed line) and renormalized correlation function in the SCSA $G({\bf q})$ (full red line) for several values of strain $u$ from 0 to $10^{-2}$. Dotted-dashed vertical lines indicate $q_c\approx 0.24$ \AA$^{-1}$, according to the Ginzburg criterion, Eq. (\ref{Eq:GC}). Dotted vertical lines indicates the position of $q_s^h$ and dashed vertical lines point the position of $q_s$ (see text).}
 \label{Fig:G-u}
\end{figure}

In the previous section we have seen that the application of an external strain stabilizes, even in the harmonic approximation, the flat phase of a 2D membrane. But even in the absence of strain, it is known that the flat phase is stable. This is due to the anharmonic coupling between bending and stretching modes.\cite{NPW04} Therefore, anharmonic effects lead to a further renormalization of the characteristic lengths and elastic constants discussed in the previous section. In the following, we study the effect of anharmonicity in the correlation function of a strained 2D membrane. First, one notices that the in-plane phonons in the free energy Eq. (\ref{Eq:F}) can be integrated out exactly, what allows us to write an effective action in terms only of the $h$ fields\cite{RN91}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{Eq:Freal}
{\cal F}_{eff}[h,\tau_{\alpha\beta}]&=&\int d^2{\bf r}  \left[\frac{1}{2}\kappa\left( \nabla^2h \right)^2 + \tau_{\alpha\beta}\partial_{\alpha}h\partial_{\beta}h\right ] \nonumber\\
&+&\frac{1}{8}Y\int d^2{\bf r}  (P_{\alpha\beta}^T\partial_{\alpha}h\partial_{\beta}h+P_{\alpha\beta}^Tu^{ext}_{\alpha\beta})^2 \nonumber\\
\end{eqnarray}
where $Y=4\mu(\mu+\lambda)/(2\mu+\lambda)$ is the 2D Young modulus and $P_{\alpha\beta}^T=\delta_{\alpha\beta}-\partial_{\alpha}\partial_{\beta}/\nabla^2$ is the transverse projection operator. Eq. (\ref{Eq:Freal}) can be expressed in terms of the Fourier components of the height field, $h({\bf q})$. To the lowest order in $u^{ext}$ we obtain
\begin{widetext}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{Eq:FFourier}
{\cal F}_{eff}[h,\tau_{\alpha\beta}]&=&\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{d^2{\bf k}}{(2\pi)^2}  k^2\left(\kappa k^2+\lambda u_{\alpha\alpha}^{ext}+2\mu \frac{k_{\alpha}k_{\beta}}{k^2}u_{\alpha\beta}^{ext}\right) |h({\bf k})|^2\nonumber\\
&+&\frac{1}{8}Y\int \frac{d^2{\bf k}_1}{(2\pi)^2}\int \frac{d^2{\bf k}_2}{(2\pi)^2}\int \frac{d^2{\bf k}_3}{(2\pi)^2} P_{\alpha\beta}^TP_{\gamma\delta}^T({\bf q}) k_{1\alpha}k_{2\beta}k_{3\gamma}k_{4\delta}[h({\bf k}_1)h({\bf k}_2)][h({\bf k}_3)h({\bf k}_4)]\nonumber\\
&+&\frac{1}{4}Y\int \frac{d^2{\bf k}_1}{(2\pi)^2}\int \frac{d^2{\bf k}_2}{(2\pi)^2} P_{\alpha\beta}^TP_{\gamma\delta}^T({\bf q})k_{1\alpha}k_{2\beta}u^{ext}_{\gamma\delta}({\bf q})h({\bf k}_1)h({\bf k}_2)
\end{eqnarray}
\end{widetext}
where ${\bf q}={\bf k}_1+{\bf k}_2$ and in the second term ${\bf k}_1+{\bf k}_2+{\bf k}_3+{\bf k}_4=0$. The first line of Eq. (\ref{Eq:FFourier}) is nothing but the bending part of the free energy in the harmonic approximation, from which we have defined the non-interacting correlation function $G_0({\bf q})$, as in Eq. (\ref{Eq:G0}) of the previous section. The second and third lines build the interaction term of the theory. The second line of Eq. (\ref{Eq:FFourier}) accounts for the four point vertex, whereas the last term of this equation leads to a two-point vertex that renormalize the propagator. This problem is similar to that of a polymerized membrane with long-range disorder, and can be treated in the SCSA.\cite{DR93}

 For stiff membranes as graphene, the anharmonic effects are quickly suppressed under the application of strain. Therefore, we assume that the renormalization of the propagator due to the vertices associated to the last term of Eq. (\ref{Eq:FFourier}) is weak, and that we can neglect this class of diagrams in our calculations. We will see in Sec. \ref{Sec:MC} that the correlation functions calculated with this assumption in the SCSA agree well with those obtained from atomistic MC simulations, justifying the simplification. Then, the renormalized correlation function can be calculated from a closed self-consistent set of two coupled integral equations for the self-energy\cite{DR92,G09c}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{Eq:SCSA}
\Sigma({\bf k})&=&2k_{\alpha}k_{\beta}\kgk_{\delta}\int \frac{d^2{\bf q}}{(2\pi)^2} {\tilde R}_{\alpha\beta,\gamma\delta}({\bf q})G({\bf k}-{\bf q})\label{Eq:Sigma}\\
{\tilde R}_{\alpha\beta,\gamma\delta}({\bf q})&=&R_{\alpha\beta,\gamma\delta}({\bf q})-R_{\alpha\beta,\mu\nu}({\bf q})\Pi_{\mu\nu,\mu'\nu'}({\bf q}){\tilde R}_{\mu'\nu',\gamma\delta}({\bf q})\nonumber\\
\label{Eq:Vertex}
\end{eqnarray}
where $G^{-1}({\bf q})=G_0^{-1}({\bf q})+\Sigma({\bf q})$ is the inverse of the {\it dressed} propagator, $\Pi_{\alpha\beta,\gamma\delta}({\bf q})$ are the vacuum polarization functions,
\begin{equation}
\Pi_{\alpha\beta,\gamma\delta}({\bf q})=\int \frac{d^2 {\bf k}}{(2\pi)^2} k_{\alpha}k_{\beta}(k_{\gamma}-q_{\gamma})(k_{\delta}-q_{\delta}) G({\bf k})G({\bf q}-{\bf k}),
\end{equation}
$R_{\alpha\beta,\gamma\delta}({\bf q})=(Y/2-\mu)P_{\alpha\beta}^TP_{\gamma\delta}^T+(\mu/2)(P_{\alpha\gamma}^TP_{\beta\delta}^T+P_{\alpha\delta}^TP_{\beta\gamma}^T)$ is the unrenormalized four-point interaction vertex and ${\tilde R}_{\alpha\beta,\gamma\delta}({\bf q})$ is the screened interaction.

 The set of equations (\ref{Eq:Sigma})-(\ref{Eq:Vertex}) can be solved, at any wave-vector, following the method introduced in Ref. \onlinecite{ZRFK10}.  Fig. \ref{Fig:G-u} shows the momentum dependence of $G_0({\bf q})$ and $G({\bf q})$ for different values of strain, $u=0,...,10^{-2}$. First, one notices in Fig. \ref{Fig:G-u}(a) that, without strain, the harmonic approximation is valid only in the short wavelength region, where $G({\bf q})\approx G_0({\bf q})$.\cite{ZRFK10} The Ginzburg criterion, which considers only the first order correction to the correlation function, allows to estimate the characteristic wave-vector $q_c$ above which the harmonic behavior applies. For 2D membranes, $q_c$ is approximately given by\cite{NPW04}
\begin{equation}\label{Eq:GC}
q_c=\sqrt{\frac{3k_BTY}{8\pi\kappa^2}}.
\end{equation}
For the parameters of graphene, $q_c\approx 0.24~\rm\AA^{-1}$ at room temperature, a value which is shown by the vertical dot-dashed lines in Fig. \ref{Fig:G-u}. This is the characteristic wave-vector at which the renormalized correlation function $G({\bf q})$ (full red line) separates from the harmonic approximation $G_0({\bf q})$ (dashed blue line), pointing out that anharmonic effects are very important at long length scales. If we consider the effect of external strain on the membrane, we still can distinguish between the harmonic and the anharmonic regimes, as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig:G-u}(b)-(f).\footnote{The inclusion of the last term of Eq. (\ref{Eq:FFourier}) in the calculation would lead to an external strain dependence of $q_c$, effect that is neglected in the simple approximation used to obtain Eq. (\ref{Eq:GC}).} However, there also exists a characteristic scale at which the behavior of flexural phonons is dominated by strain effects. This scale manifests itself as a change in the slope of the correlation functions: $G_0({\bf q})$ changes from $\sim q^{-4}$ to $q^{-2}$ and $G({\bf q})$ changes from $q^{-4+\eta}$ also to $q^{-2}$, where $\eta$ is a characteristic exponent. In fact, we can observe from Fig. \ref{Fig:G-u}(b)-(f) how the region of intermediate momenta where the two functions $G_0(q)$ and $G(q)$ are different, and therefore anharmonic effects are important, is reduced as the value of $u$ grows. From these results we see that very small amounts of strain are enough to suppress the anharmonic effects.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{fig/Fig-A-T.pdf}
 \caption{The temperature dependence of the parameter $A$ of Eq. (\ref{Eq:BR}), obtained from the SCSA correlation functions at different temperatures (red dots). The dashed line is a fitting to Eq. (\ref{Eq:A}). For these plots, we have used the wave-vector $q=10^{-2}\AA^{-1}$.}
 \label{Fig:A-T}
\end{figure}

These results can be used to study the effect of strain on flexural (out-of-plane) phonons. The dispersion relation for flexural phonons of a 2D membrane under isotropic tension can be written as
\begin{equation}
\omega_{fl}({\bf q})=\sqrt{\frac{\kappa({\bf q})}{\rho}q^4+u\frac{2(\lambda+\mu)}{\rho}q^2}
\end{equation}
where $\rho$ is the density and $\kappa({\bf q})$ is the bending rigidity. In the harmonic approximation, $\kappa({\bf q})\equiv\kappa$ and the dispersion changes from linear to quadratic at a wave-vector equal to
\begin{equation}
q_s^h=\sqrt{\frac{2u(\mu+\lambda)}{\kappa}}.
\end{equation}
This characteristic wave-vector is denoted by the vertical dotted lines in Fig. \ref{Fig:G-u}(b)-(f).\footnote{Notice that $q_s^h$ coincides with the wave-vector $q_u$ discussed in the previous section.} However, anharmonic effects are important at long scales. To obtain analytical results, we use the effective Dyson equation for the correlation function\cite{FLK07,ZRFK10}
 \begin{equation}\label{Eq:Ga}
 G_a^{-1}({\bf q})=G_0^{-1}({\bf q})+\Sigma_a({\bf q}),
 \end{equation}
 where $G_a({\bf q})$ is an approximated correlation function dressed by the self-energy $\Sigma_a({\bf q})$, which is approximated by
\begin{equation}\label{Eq:Sigmaa}
 \Sigma_a({\bf q})=Aq^4\left(\frac{q_0}{q} \right)^{\eta},
 \end{equation}
where $A$ is some numerical factor, $\eta\approx 0.82$,\cite{DR92} and $q_0=2\pi\sqrt{Y/\kappa}$. From the approximation Eq. (\ref{Eq:Ga}) one can obtain the renormalized bending rigidity
 \begin{equation}\label{Eq:BR}
 \kappa_R({\bf q})=\kappa+k_BTA\left(\frac{q_0}{q}\right)^{\eta}.
 \end{equation}
It is important to mention that the coefficient $A$ is temperature dependent. Notice that anharmonic effects are present in $G_a({\bf q})$ below a characteristic wave-vector $q^*$, which is solution of $\Sigma_a(q^*)\approx G_0^{-1}(q^*)$. Assuming that $q_c$ is the only crossover wave-vector from harmonic to anharmonic behavior, and that $q^*\simeq q_c$, then one can easily obtain that the temperature dependence of the parameter $A$ in Eq. (\ref{Eq:Sigmaa}) follows the power-law $A\propto (k_BT/\kappa)^{\frac{\eta}{2}-1}$.\cite{K10} By fitting the SCSA correlation function for different temperatures to Eq. (\ref{Eq:Ga}), we find the dependence of the parameter $A$ on temperature, and the results are shown in Fig. \ref{Fig:A-T} (red dots). This allows to define an approximate expression for the adimensional parameter $A$, which is (using the elastic constants valid for graphene)
\begin{equation}\label{Eq:A}
A\approx 4.6 T[K]^{\frac{\eta}{2}-1}
\end{equation}
where $T[K]$ is the temperature expressed in Kelvin. The results are shown in Fig. \ref{Fig:A-T} by the dashed line, which fits rather well the values of $A$ obtained numerically. This confirms that the assumption $q^*\simeq q_c$ is indeed valid within the SCSA. The main message is that the bending rigidity Eq. (\ref{Eq:BR}) grows with temperature as
\begin{equation}\label{Eq:kappaT}
\kappa_R\propto T^{\eta/2}.
\end{equation}
This power-law behavior is similar to the temperature dependence found by Monte Carlo simulations in the harmonic regime.\cite{FLK07,ZLKF10} However we emphasize that here we are assuming that the parameters $\kappa$, $\mu$ and $\lambda$ of the Hamiltonian (\ref{Eq:F_u=0}) are independent of temperature. However, while $\lambda$ and $\mu$ are only weakly dependent on $T$, the temperature dependence of the bending rigidity $\kappa$ found in MC simulations is rather strong,\cite{ZKF09} and this is not accounted for by Eq. (\ref{Eq:kappaT}). The origin of this $T$-dependence is probably beyond the continuum medium approximation, and it lies beyond the scope of this work.

 Then, from Eq. (\ref{Eq:BR}) one observes that the slope of the dispersion relation $\omega_{fl}({\bf q})$ changes from $\sim q$ to $\sim q^{2-\eta/2}$ at the wave-vector solution of
\begin{equation}
\left[\kappa+k_BTA\left(\frac{q_0}{q_s} \right)^{\eta}\right]q_s^2=2u(\lambda+\mu).
\end{equation}
The values of $q_s$ for the values of strains studied here are shown by the vertical dashed lines in Fig. \ref{Fig:G-u}(b)-(f). Notice that the characteristic wave-vector obtained by the approximation to the bending rigidity Eq. (\ref{Eq:BR}) agrees well with the exact result of the SCSA equations.

From the previous expressions, and imposing $q_s=q_c$, it is possible to find the critical value for the strain that is enough to suppress the anharmonic effects completely, at any wave-vector, and this is
\begin{equation}\label{Eq:uc}
u_c=\frac{3k_BT}{4\pi}\frac{\mu}{\kappa(2\mu+\lambda)}.
\end{equation}
For the parameters of graphene at room temperature, this corresponds to $u_c\approx 0.0025$. In fact, notice that $q_s^h$ and $q_s$ already coincide for $u=10^{-2}>u_c$ and that both are to the right of $q_c$ ($q_s,q_s^h>q_c$) [Fig. \ref{Fig:G-u}(f)], pointing out that anharmonic effects are already absent for this value ($\sim 1\%$) of external strain.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{fig/Fig-graph-soft-a.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{fig/Fig-graph-soft-b.pdf}
 \caption{(Color online) $G_0({\bf q})$ for graphene (dashed blue line) and for a softer membrane (dashed gray line), and $G({\bf q})$ for graphene (full red line) and for a softer membrane (full black line). In the two cases, $u=10^{-8}$. In (a) we have used, for the soft membrane, 1/100 times the bending rigidity $\kappa$ valid for graphene at this temperature, whereas $\mu$ and $\lambda$ are the same as in graphene. In this case, $q_c\approx 0.24~\rm\AA^{-1}$ for graphene (vertical red dotted-dashed line) and $q_c\approx 24~\rm\AA^{-1}$ for the soft membrane (vertical black dotted-dashed line). In (b) we compare the correlation functions for graphene to a softer membrane for which all the elastic constants are reduced to a $1\%$ their value in graphene. In this case, $q_c\approx 2.4~\rm\AA^{-1}$ for the soft membrane, as indicated by the position of the vertical black dotted-dashed line. The vertical dotted and dashed lines represent the positions of $q_s^h$ and $q_s$ respectively, as in Fig. \ref{Fig:G-u}.}
 \label{Fig:graph-soft}
\end{figure}

Finally, we compare the results for graphene to those of a softer membrane. In Fig. \ref{Fig:graph-soft}(a) we show $G_0({\bf q})$ and $G({\bf q})$ for graphene, and for a membrane with the same $\mu$ and $\lambda$ as graphene, but with a bending rigidity $\kappa$ which is $1\%$ of the corresponding for graphene. In this case, we see that $q_c^{soft}>q_c^{graph}$, as seen by the position of the vertical dotted-dashed lines (red for graphene and black for the soft membrane). This means that anharmonic effects manifest themselves at larger wave-vectors for a soft membrane. Furthermore, the change in slope of the harmonic $G_0({\bf q})$ occurs at higher wave-vectors for the soft membrane (vertical black dotted line) as compared to graphene (vertical red dotted line). However, the out-of-plane component of the dispersion for flexural phonons dominates in a wider region of momenta for the soft membrane as compared to graphene, $q_s^{soft}<q_s^{graph}$, as it can be seen by the relative position of $q_s$ for graphene (dashed red line) with respect to that of a soft membrane (dashed black line). Notice that in the latter case, the strain necessary to suppress all the anharmonic effects is $u_c\approx 0.25$, also two orders of magnitude larger than for graphene. In Fig. \ref{Fig:graph-soft}(b) we compare the correlation functions of graphene to those of a softer membrane where not only the bending rigidity $\kappa$, but also the Lam\'e constants $\lambda$ and $\mu$ have been reduced to $1\%$ of their values in graphene. The situation is similar to that described for Fig. \ref{Fig:graph-soft}(a), with the difference that the wave-vectors at which anharmonic and strain effects appear are reduced, as it can be seen by the respective shifts to the left of the black dotted-dashed and dashed lines in Fig. \ref{Fig:graph-soft}(b) with respect to (a). Furthermore, for the parameters of Fig. \ref{Fig:graph-soft}(b), the change in slope of the harmonic $G_0({\bf q})$ is the same in the two cases (as shown by the vertical dotted line). Finally, we notice that increasing the temperature acts like an effective softening of the membrane, due to the reduction of the ratio $\kappa/k_BT$.

\section{Comparison to atomistic Monte Carlo simulations}\label{Sec:MC}

In this section we compare the results obtained by using the continuum elastic theory methods as described in Sec. \ref{Sec:Harmonic} and \ref{Sec:SCSA}, with the results of the Monte Carlo simulations of graphene. The correlation function $G({\bf q})$ for graphene has been calculated as described in Ref. \onlinecite{LF09} for unstrained graphene by means of MC simulations based on an accurate interatomic potential for carbon.\cite{LF05} The simulations are done for a sample of 37888 atoms in a roughly square sample of $314.82 \times 315.24$ \AA$^2$, in the $NPT$ isothermal isobaric ensemble. The simulations for the strained case were done for smaller samples of 8640 atoms ($147.57\times153.36$~\AA$^2$), which limits the range of accessible wave-vectors with respect to the unstrained case. In Fig. \ref{Fig:G-MC} we compare the correlation functions obtained from numerical simulations (full lines) to the SCSA results (dashed lines) for different values of the strain. To highlight the change of slope of $G({\bf q})$ due to strain, in Fig. \ref{Fig:G-MC} we plot $q^2G({\bf q})$ that becomes flat when $G({\bf q})\propto q^{-2}$ as discussed in Sec. \ref{Sec:SCSA}. First, one notices that the $G({\bf q})$ calculated by atomistic simulations deviates from those calculated in the continuum limit for wave-vectors close to the Bragg peak at $q = \frac{4\pi}{3a} = 2.94$~\AA$^{-1}$ with $a = 1.42$~\AA~ being the carbon-carbon distance in graphene. We mention also that, for the strained cases, the error bars of the  Monte Carlo simulations are negligible.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{fig/Fig-G-MC.pdf}
 \caption{(Color online) Comparison of the normal-normal correlation function $\langle|{\bf n}({\bf q})|^2\rangle =q^2G({\bf q})$ obtained from continuum elastic theory, as described in Sec. \ref{Sec:Harmonic} and \ref{Sec:SCSA} (dashed lines), to atomistic MC simulations (solid lines), for different values of external strain.}
 \label{Fig:G-MC}
\end{figure}

Starting from the unstrained case ($u=0$), we see that the MC (full black line) and the SCSA (dashed black line) results agree reasonably well and both deviate from the correlation function in the harmonic approximation (dot-dashed black line) at small wave-vectors, pointing out the importance of anharmonic effects at long scales in unstrained samples.\cite{ZRFK10} For the strained cases, the SCSA and MC results are also comparable, what justify the use of SCSA when dealing with samples under tension. However, we must emphasize that for $0.4\%$ strain, there is almost no difference between $G_0({\bf q})$ [as obtained by Eq. (\ref{Eq:G0})] and $G({\bf q})$ in the SCSA [full solution of Eq. (\ref{Eq:Sigma})-(\ref{Eq:Vertex})], as discussed in Sec. \ref{Sec:SCSA}, and they are exactly the same for the highest value of strain shown here, $1.5\%$. A more rigorous check of the validity of SCSA would require MC simulations for samples under even weaker strain, which requires several times larger samples to achieve the same accuracy and makes such simulations much more time consuming. Nevertheless, the present results already confirm that rather weak strain is enough to suppress the anharmonicities in stiff membranes as graphene, as it can be seen in Fig. \ref{Fig:G-MC} by the almost flat line-shape of $q^2G({\bf q})$ as we move from the Bragg peak towards small wave-vectors of the spectrum, for tensions $\gtrsim 0.4\%$.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{fig/Fig-G-MC-Compress.pdf}
 \caption{(Color online) Comparison of the normal-normal correlation function $\langle|{\bf n}({\bf q})|^2\rangle =q^2G({\bf q})$ obtained from atomistic MC simulations for the case of tension (solid lines), and compression (dashed lines), for different values of external strain.}
 \label{Fig:G-MC-Compress}
\end{figure}

The study of a compressed membrane is more delicate because of the fact that its equilibrium state does not correspond to the flat phase any more.\cite{SS02,CM03,MG99,BD11} Therefore, the standard elastic theory that we have used in Sec. \ref{Sec:SCSA} does not apply to this case. However, one can at least study the system by means of Monte Carlo simulations. In Fig. \ref{Fig:G-MC-Compress} we compare the MC results for the correlation function of a tensioned membrane to that of a compressed membrane. There we see that $G({\bf q})$ for a compressed membrane does not show the characteristic gradual crossover to another power law as in the tensioned case. Instead, there exist a wave-vector for which the correlation function suffers an abrupt deviation from the harmonic behavior, presenting signatures of a possible first order buckling phase transition.

Finally, all our results are graphically summarized in Fig. \ref{Fig:sample}, where we show a snapshot of the Monte Carlo sample for a tensioned graphene membrane [Fig. \ref{Fig:sample}(a)], for an unstrained membrane, Fig. \ref{Fig:sample}(b), and for a compressed graphene sheet, Fig. \ref{Fig:sample}(c). In the first case, the equilibrium state is an almost perfectly flat membrane, for which the anharmonic effects have been suppressed due to the application of tension. The anharmonic coupling between bending and stretching modes is instead important for the case of an unstrained membrane, as the one of Fig. \ref{Fig:sample}(b), which leads to a corrugated low energy phase due to the existence of thermal ripples in the system,\cite{FLK07} and which is well described by means of a continuum elastic theory as the SCSA. However, this theory is not applicable to a compressed membrane as the one shown in Fig. \ref{Fig:sample}(c), for which the sheet buckles into shapes that remove in-plane compression, in order to reduce its elastic energy.\cite{SS02}

\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.77\textwidth]{fig/Fig-sampleb.pdf}
 \caption{(Color online) Typical Monte Carlo configurations of a graphene sample of 8640 atoms for: a) 1.5\% tension, b) unstrained, and c) 1.5\% compression.}
 \label{Fig:sample}
\end{figure*}

\section{Conclusions}\label{Sec:Conclusions}
In summary, we have studied the effect of external strain in the correlation function of flexural modes in the SCSA. In the presence of strain, three different regimes can be distinguished in the dispersion relation of flexural phonons: $\omega_{fl}({\bf q})\sim q$ in the long wavelength limit, $\omega_{fl}({\bf q})\sim q^{2-\eta/2}$ in the intermediate range of wave-vectors of the spectrum (where $\eta\approx 0.82$ is a characteristic exponent\cite{DR92}), and finally $\omega_{fl}({\bf q})\sim q^2$ at shorter wavelengths. The results show that, for a soft membrane, rather high values of strain are needed to suppress anharmonic effects, whereas for a stiff membrane as graphene, anharmonic effects are completely suppressed by less than 1\% tensile strain. The correlation functions obtained with the SCSA compare well with those calculated from atomistic MC simulations. Taking into account that the scattering of electrons by flexural phonons has been shown to be the main limitation for the charge mobility in suspended graphene,\cite{CG10} our results point that the application of a small tension to the graphene layer would reduce the out-of-plane vibrations that lead to the flexural modes, increasing the mobility of the suspended samples.

 \begin{acknowledgments}
This work is part of the research program of the 'Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM)', which is financially supported by the 'Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)'. We thank the EU-India FP-7 collaboration under MONAMI, and the Netherlands National Computing Facilities foundation (NCF).
 \end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Conceptual Physics: Students finished the electromagnetic induction activity from yesterday and then used their findings to explain how a bike light generator works. Pictured is a dismantled bike light generator. On the left, you can see that the rotor's round magnet actually has multiple N and S poles around its circumference. This surprised a few students who expected the poles to be on the circular faces of the round magnet. On the right, you see the copper coil of the stator.
College-Prep Physics: In one half of the block, we watched Cosmic Voyage (movie questions). In the other half , one class had groups present their scale models while the other class worked on blog post reflections about their scale models.
Day 130: Can a Magnetic Field Produce a Current?
College-Prep Physics: Students wrapped up their scale models. One class got to present their models. The other class will present tomorrow.


Medela spare parts for Medela breast pump -valves and membrane -completely new -still sealed Price is excluding postage free Payment by -bank transfer -paynow Thank you!
Vacuum Insulated Stainless Steel Flask 350ml. Available in Blue & Pink Only. I have 2 each to let go. Good Quality And brand new in box. Height is : 20cm. Comes with strap for better grip.
Feeding set. Comes with big bowl, small bowl, 1 spoon in a case. Almost new.


Girls will learn the basics of cheerleading and be on a cheer squad at Highview suited for their grade levels. There will be a 2 hour practice on Thursday evenings from 5-7 PM at the Highview Ministry Center 7711 Fegenbush Lane. Practices will begin May 23rd. The games will be played on Saturdays during the month of June at Highview, behind the baseball field. Games will be played during the hours of 9 AM and 4 PM.


This book is packed from cover to cover with exercises that will really inspire learners, covering a huge variety of language areas. It's aimed at learners who are studying at about Level 1 and can be used by teachers with all types of English classes, as well as students for home study, since the answers to all of the activities, plus notes for solving the exercises, are included at the back of the book.
The book is divided into sections according to type of language skills being practised, namely grammar, vocabulary, spelling, reading, speaking & listening, and research skills.
This book includes lots of unique material that has been written especially for our learners, including exercises on 'its or it's', adverbs, syllables, understanding maps, and Calculator Code Words. There's loads of stuff here for learners of English to get their teeth into – wherever you may be studying!
This book is all about helping learners to improve their English skills – reading, writing, speaking and listening We hope you will really enjoy using this book as a self-study tool or with your learners, if you are a teacher.
A collection of illustrated words and concepts, aimed at children in preschool or early primary years. These books help children learn English in a fun and entertaining way.
This incredible collection of exercises provides a varied and interesting set of resources for practising a range of English language skills, from grammar to reading, and vocabulary building to developing research skills.
It's divided into subject areas and there is a comprehensive answer section, which also gives notes for more detailed explanations.
We have included two bonus sections towards the back of the book. The first is a collection of classroom games that have been tried and tested and really work. Some may be familiar while others are totally original. The aim is to disseminate ideas that work well at a range of levels and always seem to get a great response from learners.
The second special section is for reference and lists rhyming words, using the vowels and diphthongs from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). These pages provide support for learners as they come to identify spelling patterns and match together words with the sounds of English.
However you use the book, we hope that you'll enjoy learning English and come to a deeper understanding and appreciation of this fabulous language!
English Illustrated Dictionary for Children brings words and images together, making it fun and easy for young readers to improve their vocabulary and reading skills.
As you improve your English skills and your grammar understanding advances, you will discover that building your vocabulary is the key to becoming an excellent speaker of English. This book will help you improve your vocabulary. A strong vocabulary not only helps you express your ideas, but helps you impress people around you with your understanding of the language.


text:
Cullens Online
An Interactive Twilight Experience.
Featured Family
Emily...
Posted by Sue Clearwater on January 17, 2012 at 3:39am
Emily's eyes flickered as I knelt down beside her... her eyes were searching my face as though she needed to pour out her heart to me. "Shh Emmy, everything is going to be alright, no talking ok". I smiled reassuringly to her and nodded to Jarod to keep her still as he cradled her gently in his arms. As an experienced nurse I was used to seeing trauma, but this was different... this was Emily! It wasn't just that I had known Emily since the day she was born, she and Leah had grown up like sisters and Emily was family! Now as I thanked Paul for carrying over my kit and watched him leave to go back and look after Sam I pushed away every memory that threatened to surface.
The pain etched in his face when I arrived and the memory of his anguished voice on his phone left little to the imagination at how broken he was over this accident. But Sam's emotional state was also not my focus at this moment, so as I tended to and dressed Emily's face and arm... I quietly explained that we were going to take her to the hospital and how we wewre going to tell everyone that she had been mauled by a bear before Sam, Paul and Jarrod saved her. Though her eyes filled with tears that silently spilled down onto her cheeks, she remained calmed and gave a little nod that she understood.
It pained me to leave Sam behind, but after a quick assessment it was clear that he was in no state to accompany Emily to the hospital. Not surprisingly, Jarrod elected to stay behind to take care of Sam when I assured him that I wouldn't leave Emily's side. With a reassuring smile Jarrod gently placed Emily in Paul's arms as he settled into the car and although I then searched for any sign of Sam as we drove away, I knew that this was the last thing in the world that he would want to witness.
I was very proud of Paul that afternoon, in all the chaos he kept a cool and calm head on his shoulders and was more than convincing as he re-told our prepared story for the hospital. Jarrod bless him was back by Emily's side after Paul returned to look after Sam. Although I knew Sam and I were headed for a lot of talks on his bumpy soul searching road to forgiving himself, the love that was evident in Emily's eye when he finally entered her room as all the assurance I needed for the time being to know that it would all work out for them.
As I left the hospital that night it felt like I hadn't seen my family in a week and I still had a very heartbroken Leah at home to see, but thats another story.
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Comment by Emily Uley on June 2, 2012 at 11:10am
You cannot imagine how thankful I am that you were there with me that day Sue, I will forever be in debt with you.
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Grave/Memorial Location II. A. 9.
Family Details SON OF WILFRIDE AND CORDELIA BEAUDOIN, OF OTTAWA, ONTARIO.
Private JOSEPH OSCAR BEAUDOIN, undated.
* Commonwealth War Graves Commission records spell Private JOSEPH OSCAR BEAUDOIN's father's name as Wilfred, family records spell his name as Wilfrede.
1. Photographs and Additional information, unless otherwise credited, kindly provided by Jeanette M. Boosamra, niece of Private JOSEPH OSCAR BEAUDOIN.
2. Medals for Private JOSEPH OSCAR BEAUDOIN are held at the Canadian Museum of History artifact Number 19800474-001.
3. Copy of original document from the Veterans Affairs Canada, Canadian Virtual War Memorial Book of Remembrance p.245.
Individual photograph: Jeanette M. Boosamra, niece of Private JOSEPH OSCAR BEAUDOIN.
Additional photographs provided by: Jeanette M. Boosamra, niece of Private JOSEPH OSCAR BEAUDOIN and Carl Shilleto.
Additional information provided by: Jeanette M. Boosamra, niece of Private JOSEPH OSCAR BEAUDOIN, Veterans Affairs Canada, Second World War Book of Remembrance p.291.
Rest in peace .... you are remembered with gratitude and respect.


Stellarium is a planetarium for your computer. It shows a realistic sky in 3D like what you see with the naked eye, binoculars, or a telescope, with realistic atmosphere, sunrise and sunset. It features over 120,000 stars from the Hipparcos catalog with associated information.
Stellarium Portable is a portable version of the program. Alternatively, X-Stellarium is also available.
How to extract: Download the self-extracting EXE and extract to a folder of your choice. Launch StellariumPortable.exe.
@Midas: No harm done. Thanks for the alert to PA's timely update.
Solar System Information displays detailed information about the planets and their moons in our solar system. The images are all from real photos. You can use your mouse to manipulate the planet and rotate it in any direction.
How to extract: Download the ZIP package and extract to a folder of your choice. Launch SolarInfo.exe.
WARNING : note the .za country code in this URL. I visited the site on 7th June 2007 and noted other programs on the same page to download from the author...one of them was pre-loaded with a TROJAN and was immediately squashed by my avast! anti-virus (free). I did not go back for more. All his programs date back to 2002 and have not been updated. Avoid.


O Glorious City is an exuberant love letter to San Francisco from Jeremy Fish, a beloved artist who enjoys a massive fan base for his edgy artwork. When Fish was invited to create 100 new works of art in honor of City Hall's 100th birthday, he moved his studio into a City Hall office to become the city's first-ever artist in residence. This celebratory book gathers all 100 pieces of artwork—each rendered in his signature whimsical style—featuring everything from the city's famous architecture and treasured local landmarks to portraits of colorful local residents in a gallery of "unofficial mayors." Together these images form an energetic, visual tour de force showcasing San Francisco's vivacious spirit and vibrant history.


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Left debates
Solidarity Online
'It was murder. We want justice'—Outrage at police killing in Yuendumu
Photo: Paul Marshall
Last Saturday night four police went to a house at Yuendumu, an Aboriginal community 266 kilometres north-west of Alice Springs, to arrest a 19-year-old Warlpiri man, Kumanjayi Walker. By the time they left, Walker was probably dead, shot three times by officer Zachary Rolfe.
As word has spread of the police killing, so has the outrage.
Protests in Yuendumu were followed by protests in Alice Springs. Many carried banners saying "Black Lives Matter". At Lajamanu, the second biggest Warlpiri community in the Northern Territory, the whole community were involved in a protest on Monday, "We got all the kids out of school too, and walked to the police station," Valerie Patterson, a community educator told Solidarity.
More than 200 people marched to the police station in Tennant Creek on Tuesday. A national day of action today, Wednesday 13 November, will see rallies in capital cities and many smaller towns and communities, including a walk-out at Kalkarindji.
The police story is full of holes and already smells like a cover-up.
Police say Kumanjayi Walker was shot around 7.15pm on Saturday night. But there was no formal request for medical help until 8.15pm.
A statement from the Royal Flying Doctors Service (RFDS) says they received a brief initial report (but not from the police) of a gunshot wound in Yuendumu at 7.45pm. It was almost half an hour later (8.15pm, and an hour since the shooting) before a formal request for an airlift was made to the RFDS by the Northern Territory Government's Medical Retrieval and Consultation Centre.
At 9.00pm when the flying doctor service was told that Walker was dead, their medical team had not left Alice Springs. It has now emerged that Walker was pronounced dead when clinic staff arrived at Yuendumu from a neighbouring community between 8.15 and 8.30pm.
Racism is also behind the lack of medical treatment. Medical staff based at Yuendumu had been withdrawn by NT Health on Saturday, citing "community unrest". John Patterson from the Aboriginal Medical Services Alliance said, "it is totally unacceptable to not have clinic staff there when you've got a community of more than a thousand people". Patterson also condemned delays by the RFDS, who also cited "safety concerns".
NT Police Acting Deputy Commissioner Michael White told a press conference in Darwin on Sunday that two shots were fired by police, but Acting Assistant Commissioner Travis Wurst told the Yuedumu community protest meeting on Sunday afternoon that three shots were fired.
Most of the Yuendumu community believes that Kumanjayi Walker was already dead at the house.
One Yuendumu resident told Solidarity, "The police—there were four of them—dragged him by the legs and threw him in the back of the police van—like a dog. Why did they do that if he wasn't dead? They were more concerned to get the police that shot him out of town, than get any help. They are telling lies. His wife had been threatened with a gun even before he was shot.
"Why did they even have to go to the house?"
Walker was lying on a mattress when police arrived at the house. Malcolm Wall, a Yuendumu resident told The Age, "The kid wasn't going anywhere. He wasn't running away."
Police statements about the moments before the shooting are clearly at odds with eye-witness reports. One police report said that Kumanjayi Walker "lunged" at police, while later police statements said that one police officer was "stabbed". Initially the police refused to say what the weapon was, but on Monday morning the Police Commissioner Jamie Chalker said the police office was stabbed "by a sharp or an edged weapon." Most of the Yuendumu community doesn't believe there was a weapon at all.
The "injured" officer Rolfe reportedly received first aid at the Yuendumu police station on Saturday night and was "seen and released" at the Alice Springs hospital on Sunday. Many locals say Rolfe was observed moving around without injury on Saturday night.
Now, the police are trying to create even more divisions—seven buses turned up on Tuesday to evacuate teaching and other staff from the community. "The teachers don't want to go. This is not a black-white fight," Valerie Martin told Solidarity from Yuendumu, "Our issue is with the police. We want them out of our community."
"The police station is full of police, including task force police. What for? We are the ones who are fearful of them.
"We want justice. It was cold blooded murder."
Malcolm Wall echoed the whole community's view, "We'll have to live with this forever. No one will forget this. Police will never get respect back in this community."
Walker is the second Aboriginal person to die after being shot by police in the past two months.
In September, 29-year-old Yamatji woman Joyce Clarke was shot in Geraldton, Western Australia, and died soon after in hospital.
Harry Nelson said the Warlpiri will continue to "take to the streets" and called for more protests around the country, "The NT Intervention has a lot to do with this, it has set us right back. The last time Warlpiri people were shot like this was 90 years ago, with the Coniston massacre".
By Ian Rintoul
James Supple
Outrage at police killing in Yuendumu forces murder charge
Indigenous families fight deaths in custody and police failures
A dream betrayed by racism and exclusion
Contents November 2019
Download pdf of issue
Solidarity meetings
After decisive vote, no more excuses on delivering independence for Bougainville
The people of Bougainville, a province of Papua New Guinea, have voted for independence by a huge 98.31 per cent, in their long-awaited referendum held in November.
Corbyn's compromises with Labour right led to defeat
Climate change is a health hazard—Stop work action over toxic smoke...
Solidarity is a socialist group with branches across Australia. We are opposed to the madness of capitalism, which is plunging us into global recession and misery at the same time as wrecking the planet's future. We are taking the first steps towards building an organisation that can help lead the fight for an alternative system based on mass democratic planning, in the interests of human need not profit. Read more about Solidarity here or check out details of our meetings and events here.
Contact us: solidarity@solidarity.net.au


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Understanding the Philosophy of God
Indian Population Religion Wise
Population Enumeration Data (Final Population) A Series Including Primary Census Abstract Data (Final Population) Primary Census Abstract Data C.D. Block Wise (Excel Format)
Orientation Identification. The terms "Iran" as the designation for the civilization, and "Iranian" as the name for the inhabitants occupying the large plateau located between the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf have been in continual use for more than twenty-five hundred years.
Jul 22, 2017 · Population of London 2018 with Demographics and Important Facts. London City Population as per UK Census 2011 is 81,73,941 (i.e. 8.17 Million): London is the Capital City of England and United Kingdom. London City is situated on the River Thames, in the south-east side of Great Britain Island. London was founded first time by Romans […]
Indian. religious census data released on Friday said, in what could be signs of rising literacy levels in the community. The report of the census carried out in 2011 was released almost a year.
What is of particular note is that this trend is seen across religions. What this demonstrates is that the Indian demography cannot have a blanket single status for policy considerations, as.
WOA! World Population Awareness is a non-profit web publication seeking to inform people about overpopulation, unsustainability, and overconsumption; the impacts, including depletion of natural resources, water, oil, soil, fertilizers, species loss, malnutrition, poverty, displacement of people, conflict; and what can be done about it: women's advancement, education, reproductive health care.
Here is some heart-warming news that will bring more cheer at Christmas: the Christian community has again emerged with the best population sex ratio in India. There are. information emerges from.
India guide offering information on culture, weather, traditions and festivals. Everything about India is amazing – its culture, languages, festivities, rituals, traditions, journeys, systems of medicine, events and the eclectic mix of people.
"We try to use wise words, so instead of 'changing religion,' we. worrying those who want India to be entirely Hindu. Extremist groups used the latest census data to agitate for Hindu nationalism,
Some speak of our cultural identities, whilst some speak of our religious affiliations. are confined to the Girs of Gujarat and certainly not dominated by India population wise. And Modi has.
KING ASOKA. With the rediscovery and translation of Indian literature by European scholars in the 19th century, it was not just the religion and philosophy of Buddhism that came to light, but also its many legendary histories and biographies.
CHANDIGARH: 'Data about religions' from the 2011. the pertinent question whether the population of any of the communities had actually witnessed any major trend in the recent years. Download The.
The demographics of Uttar Pradesh is a complex topic, which is undergoing dynamic change.Uttar Pradesh is India`s most populous state. It has a population of about 199,812,341 as per the 2011 census. If it were a separate country, Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth most populous nation, next only to China, India, the United States of America and Indonesia.
Arabian religion: Arabian religion, beliefs of Arabia comprising the polytheistic beliefs and practices that existed before the rise of Islām in the 7th century ad. Arabia is here understood in the broad sense of the term to include the confines of the Syrian desert. The religion of Palmyra, which belongs to the
Home ministry sources on Tuesday told TOI that Union home minister Rajnath Singh has already given the green signal to registrar general of India & census commissioner C Chandramouli to keep the.
Statewise Population of India – With a population of over 1.35 billion, India has witnessed a huge growth in its population in the last 50 years. According to estimates, India will become the most populated country in the world by 2030 leaving behind China.
The Census of India is the only source of information on population by religion. This information is collected in. worked out both "adjusted" and "unadjusted" data, the decade-wise comparison of.
As the government prepares to conduct the next decennial population census in 2011, Janhit Abhiyan, a voluntary organisation, has demanded caste-wise enumeration of population. has been taken in.
Earlier this year, when religion-wise population data from Census 2011 was released, there was a lot of attention on the growth rate of the Muslim population. But few commentators looked at how the.
Muslims in India have the highest share of children and teenagers (0-19 age group) among all religions, at 47%. averages because they make up nearly 80% of the country's population. Age-wise.
Vatican City Dress Code 2019 Faith Freedom Indonesia Ali Sina Waman yuḍlili llâhu famâ lahu min hâdin. And whom God leads astray, there is for him no right guide. 'al-Qur'ân, Sûrah 39, Verse 23. Islâm, , is the religion founded by the Prophet Muḥammad.The word is sometimes said to mean "peace," but it is salâm, , that is the word
the religion-wise figures of Census 2011 show that decadal growth rate of population in two major communities — Hindu and Muslim — was lower than the national average. In the case of Christians, while.
Religion-wise analysis of live births reveals that out. There were 993 children belonging to other religious communities. As per the 2011 All India Census report, Kerala had a total population of 3.
Indian Americans or Indo-Americans are Americans whose ancestry belongs to any of the many ethnic groups of the Republic of India.The U.S. Census Bureau uses the term Asian Indian to avoid confusion with the indigenous peoples of the Americas commonly referred to as American Indians (or Native Americans or Amerindians).
The only land we have something in common religion-wise is Nepal. faster than China's and our population is about to overtake theirs. The economy-bit, I'm not so sure. There has been enough.
Faith Freedom Indonesia Ali Sina Waman yuḍlili llâhu famâ lahu min hâdin. And whom God leads astray, there is for him no right guide. 'al-Qur'ân, Sûrah 39, Verse 23. Islâm, , is the religion founded by the Prophet Muḥammad.The word is sometimes said to mean "peace," but it is salâm, , that is the word for peace. Islâm means "submission,
Prayers For The Prodigal Son. also included the praying of psalms and other prayers; and music by an accomplished violinist who also gave his testimony as a victim of abuse. The bishops also listened to the Parable of the. Spiritual 3 Day Fast. has been practiced for centuries by many for spiritual or religious reasons. What is 'old' is
Spiritual 3 Day Fast. has been practiced for centuries by many for spiritual or religious reasons. What is 'old' is 'new' again! Alternate day fasting: Also known as 'eat stop eat,' this plan involves fasting on 3-4. One-day water fasts have been followed, for thousands of years, for their spiritual benefits. Hindus follow the fast on 'Pradosham' days,
Demographics are changing across the socio-religious spectrum and are. contributors to the levelling off of population.
India is a land of great diversity. It is often described as a country of Festivals, Fasts, Feasts and Holidays. Indians love celebrating each and every little occasion, Here we present a date-wise list of festivals including cultural, religious, government and national holidays for the year of 2018.
Jun 06, 2015 · Educational business is about passion and a constant desire to learn something new. While there are so many opportunities in the field of education, opening a play school in India comes with a few challenges.
Around 41 per cent of India's population is below the age of 20 with Muslims having the highest proportion of children and teenagers among all religions. of elderly is around 12 per cent each. The.
Healing & Wellness Your 10 Day Spiritual Action Plan Live Sda Church Service Online Center Emmanuel AME Zion Church, West Main Street, Rock Hill: Service, 2 p.m. Sunday with Rev. Mary Adams. For information, call 803-377-8175. SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST New Life Seventh Day Adventist. Meadow Glade Seventh-Day Adventist Church, 11001 NE 189th St, Battle Ground, WA 98604, USA 360.687.2265 [email protected] 360.687.2265 [email protected] Atheist Comedy
Population Growth rate of various religion has come down in the last decade (2001-2011). Hindu Population Growth rate slowed down to 16.76 % from previous decade figure of 19.92% while Muslim witness sharp fall in growth rate to 24.60% (2001-2011) from the previous figure of 29.52 % (1991-2001).
The religion-wise enumeration in the 2011 census for Karnataka throws up a startling fact: the State, which had the second highest number of Buddhists in the country, has seen a staggering 75 per cent.
AHMEDABAD: An analysis of the religion-wise census data now available. Which could mean that the population growth witnessed in the last decade could have slowed down towards the end. Download The.
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Disney Cruise Line to Celebrate 25th Anniversary with New Fireworks, Castaway Club Gift, and Soiree
Leave a Comment / Disney Cruise Line, Parks / By Mr. DAPs / January 18, 2023 January 18, 2023
In the summer of 2023, the Disney Cruise Line will celebrate its 25th anniversary. From May through September 2023, all five of the Disney Cruise Line ships will be the Silver Anniversary at Sea. There …
Disney Cruise Line to Celebrate 25th Anniversary with New Fireworks, Castaway Club Gift, and Soiree Read More »
Watch the Debut of the Pixar Day at Sea From the Disney Cruise Line!
Leave a Comment / Disney Cruise Line, Parks / By Mr. DAPs / January 3, 2023 January 3, 2023
It's a new year and a new experience has arrived on the Disney Cruise Line. This year, Pixar Day at Sea is being offered aboard the Disney Fantasy. This allows guests aboard the Disney Fantasy …
Watch the Debut of the Pixar Day at Sea From the Disney Cruise Line! Read More »
Marvel Day at Sea to Offer Some Sweet Treats Aboard the Disney Cruise Line
Leave a Comment / Disney Cruise Line, Parks / By Mr. DAPs / December 29, 2022 December 29, 2022
Marvel Day at Sea is almost back for cruisers aboard the Disney Dream. When it returns, guests aboard the ship can experience many different heroic encounters with some of their favorite Marvel heroes. The Marvel …
Marvel Day at Sea to Offer Some Sweet Treats Aboard the Disney Cruise Line Read More »
Disney Character Outfits Revealed for Disney Cruise Line's "Silver Anniversary At Sea"
The Disney Cruise Line is celebrating its 25th anniversary in 2023. It was originally launched in 1998, and since then, it has been taking guests on magical journeys on the high seas. Next year, the …
Disney Character Outfits Revealed for Disney Cruise Line's "Silver Anniversary At Sea" Read More »
Disney Wins Multiple Good Housekeeping 2023 Family Travel Awards
Leave a Comment / Disney Cruise Line, Disneyland Resort, Parks, Walt Disney World Resort / By Mr. DAPs / December 19, 2022 December 19, 2022
Good Housekeeping has given Disney several 2023 Family Travel Awards. A first for Good Housekeeping this year, the Family Travel Awards are honors pulled together by "travel experts, product analysts and vacation enthusiasts joined forces …
Disney Wins Multiple Good Housekeeping 2023 Family Travel Awards Read More »
"Making the Wish: Disney's Newest Cruise Ship" To Air on National Geographic Channel on Christmas Eve
A new program about the making of the Disney Wish, the newest ship in the Disney Cruise Line fleet, is coming to National Geographic Channel on Christmas Eve. Making the Wish: Disney's Newest Cruise Ship …
"Making the Wish: Disney's Newest Cruise Ship" To Air on National Geographic Channel on Christmas Eve Read More »
Discounts For Disney Cruise Line Available as Booking for 2024 Cruises Now Open
Bookings are now available for those wishing to cruise aboard the Disney Cruise Line in 2024. This includes the most options to date for cruisers wishing to sail aboard a Disney Cruise Line. There are …
Discounts For Disney Cruise Line Available as Booking for 2024 Cruises Now Open Read More »
Disney Cruise Line Introduces New Captain of the Disney Fantasy
The Disney Cruise Line has introduced the newest Captain to the fleet. Captain Michele Intartaglia has been a part of the Disney Cruise Line for over 10 years, most recently as a Staff Captain. His …
Disney Cruise Line Introduces New Captain of the Disney Fantasy Read More »
Disney Cruise Line Returns to Tropical Destinations in the Bahamas, Caribbean and Mexico in Early 2024
Leave a Comment / DAPs Magic News, Disney Cruise Line, Parks, PRESS RELEASE / By Mr. DAPs / December 7, 2022 December 7, 2022
Sailings include the Disney Dream's first full season of departures from Fort Lauderdale, Florida CELEBRATION, Fla. (Dec. 7, 2022) – Tropical destinations, on board magic and a variety of fan-favorite itineraries to the Bahamas, Caribbean and …
Disney Cruise Line Returns to Tropical Destinations in the Bahamas, Caribbean and Mexico in Early 2024 Read More »
Some Incredible Entertainment Announced for Disney Cruise Line's Pixar Day at Sea
Leave a Comment / Disney Cruise Line, Parks / By Mr. DAPs / December 5, 2022 December 5, 2022
Next year, the Pixar Day at Sea will be offered aboard select sailings on the Disney Cruise Line. When they arrive, there will be some Incredible entertainment offerings for Pixar Day at Sea. Pixar Day …
Some Incredible Entertainment Announced for Disney Cruise Line's Pixar Day at Sea Read More »
Disney Cruise Line is Recognized as Best for Families and also the Best in the Caribbean
The Disney Cruise Line has been honored with several honors that were announced this week. This comes as the Disney Cruise Line celebrates 25 years of making magic at sea for guests. The Disney Parks …
Disney Cruise Line is Recognized as Best for Families and also the Best in the Caribbean Read More »
Disney's New Global Dream Was Reportedly Purchased for Dream Price
Leave a Comment / Disney Cruise Line, Parks / By Mr. DAPs / November 30, 2022 November 30, 2022
There has been a lot going on at The Walt Disney Company recently. Not only does the company have a new CEO, that is an old CEO, but it also had just completed the purchase …
Disney's New Global Dream Was Reportedly Purchased for Dream Price Read More »
New Characters From the "Black Panther" Coming to Disney Cruise Line
Two new characters from Wakanda will soon be aboard the Disney Cruise Line as a part of Marvel Day at Sea. Today, it was announced that both the new Black Panther and Okoye, General of …
New Characters From the "Black Panther" Coming to Disney Cruise Line Read More »
The Disney Cruise Line Celebrates its 25th Anniversary with "Silver Anniversary at Sea"
The Disney Cruise Line is celebrating its 25th anniversary. The cruise line launched in 1998 with its first ship the Disney Magic going on its maiden cruise in July. As part of the celebration of …
The Disney Cruise Line Celebrates its 25th Anniversary with "Silver Anniversary at Sea" Read More »
Disney Cruise Line Purchases Incomplete Ship And Announces Plans for New Markets
The Disney Cruise Line has purchased a new ship. This partially completed ship was previously known as the Global Dream and will be based outside of the United States once it is completed. Disney will …
Disney Cruise Line Purchases Incomplete Ship And Announces Plans for New Markets Read More »
Disney Cruise Line Ships Alter Course as Subtropical Storm Heads Toward Florida
Leave a Comment / Disney Cruise Line, Parks / By Mr. DAPs / November 7, 2022 November 7, 2022
Subtropical Storm Nicole isn't just potentially impacting Florida, but also the waters around the state. Due to this, ships of the Disney Cruise Line fleet have been forced to alter their course. This will be …
Disney Cruise Line Ships Alter Course as Subtropical Storm Heads Toward Florida Read More »
Marvel Day at Sea Aboard the Disney Dream in 2023 Will Be Full of Heroes, Villains, and More!
Marvel Day at Sea is returning in 2023 to the Disney Cruise Line. This special offering will feature more than 30 Super Heroes and Villains aboard the Disney Dream on sailing from January through March …
Marvel Day at Sea Aboard the Disney Dream in 2023 Will Be Full of Heroes, Villains, and More! Read More »
"Strange World" Sneak Peek Heading to Disney Parks and Disney Cruise Line
Leave a Comment / Disney, Disney Cruise Line, Disneyland Paris, Entertainment, Walt Disney World Resort / By Mr. DAPs / November 3, 2022 November 3, 2022
Guests visiting the Disney Parks or cruising on the Disney Cruise Line will get the chance to see an exclusive sneak peek at Walt Disney Animation Studios' upcoming film Strange World. The sneak peek will …
"Strange World" Sneak Peek Heading to Disney Parks and Disney Cruise Line Read More »
Disney Cruise Line Dropping COVID-19 Test Requirements
The Disney Cruise Line continues to update its COVID-19 protocols. The newest update is that guests will no longer be required to show a proof of negative COVID-19 test ahead of sailing. This will apply …
Disney Cruise Line Dropping COVID-19 Test Requirements Read More »
Disney Cruise Line Again Updates COVID-19 Policies
Leave a Comment / Disney Cruise Line, Parks / By Mr. DAPs / September 27, 2022 October 12, 2022
The Disney Cruise Line continues to modify its COVID-19 policies as the pandemic continues to evolve. In a sign that things continue to get better, the Disney Cruise Line has updated its vaccination policy for …
Disney Cruise Line Again Updates COVID-19 Policies Read More »
Disney Cruise Line Provides Update Ahead of Arrival of Hurricane Ian
Leave a Comment / Disney Cruise Line, Parks / By Mr. DAPs / September 27, 2022 September 27, 2022
As Hurricane Ian bears down on Florida, questions continue to mount about the status of travel to both Walt Disney World Resort and also for those traveling with the Disney Cruise Line. As this one-in-a-lifetime …
Disney Cruise Line Provides Update Ahead of Arrival of Hurricane Ian Read More »
D23 Expo 2022 – Day Three Recap
Leave a Comment / Adventures by Disney, Aulani, Disney, Disney Cruise Line, Disney Vacation Club, Disneyland Paris, Disneyland Resort, Entertainment, Hong Kong Disneyland, Parks, Shanghai Disney Resort, Storyliving by Disney, Tokyo Disneyland Resort, Walt Disney World Resort / By Mr. DAPs / September 12, 2022 October 17, 2022
Day three of D23 Expo 2022 was perhaps one of the most highly anticipated days of the expo this year. For this was the day with the parks panel, hosted by Disney Parks, Experiences and …
D23 Expo 2022 – Day Three Recap Read More »
Take a Look at the Highlights of A Boundless Future: Disney Parks, Experiences and Products Panel at D23 Expo 2022
Leave a Comment / Disney, Disney Cruise Line, Disneyland Paris, Disneyland Resort, Entertainment, Hong Kong Disneyland, Parks, Shanghai Disney Resort, Tokyo Disneyland Resort, Walt Disney World Resort / By Mr. DAPs / September 11, 2022 November 4, 2022
Disney Parks, Experiences and Products Chairman Josh D'Amaro took to the stage to share about what is on the horizon around the globe for Disney Parks and beyond! The panel was full of magical moments, …
Take a Look at the Highlights of A Boundless Future: Disney Parks, Experiences and Products Panel at D23 Expo 2022 Read More »
Check Out this Media Preview of the Wonderful World of Dreams Pavilion Ahead of the D23 Expo
Leave a Comment / Adventures by Disney, Aulani, Disney, Disney Cruise Line, Disney Vacation Club, Disneyland Paris, Disneyland Resort, Entertainment, Hong Kong Disneyland, Parks, Shanghai Disney Resort, Storyliving by Disney, Tokyo Disneyland Resort, Walt Disney World Resort / By Mr. DAPs / September 9, 2022 September 9, 2022
The 2022 D23 Expo begins on September 9 and continues through September 11, 2022. Members of the media were able to get a first look at the Wonderful World of Dreams Pavilion on Thursday night …
Check Out this Media Preview of the Wonderful World of Dreams Pavilion Ahead of the D23 Expo Read More »


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Politics|Molly Kelly Wins in New Hampshire and Will Face Sununu for Governor's Seat
Molly Kelly Wins in New Hampshire and Will Face Sununu for Governor's Seat
Molly Kelly, the New Hampshire Democratic gubernatorial nominee, at her primary night victory party Tuesday in Keene, N.H.CreditCreditElise Amendola/Associated Press
By Sydney Ember
PORTSMOUTH, N.H. — Democratic voters in New Hampshire selected Molly Kelly, a former state senator, as their nominee for governor on Tuesday, as female candidates for governorships continue to show their strength in primary elections this year.
Ms. Kelly's victory brings to 15 the number of women who have won governor's nominations in this primary season, a record.
Backed by the local political establishment — she was endorsed by both of the state's United States senators — Ms. Kelly, 68, defeated Steve Marchand, a former mayor of Portsmouth who ran to her left, according to results compiled by The Associated Press. She held about 65 percent of the vote with more than 90 percent of the ballots counted.
But Democrats rejected the bid of another female candidate, Maura Sullivan, a military veteran who had only moved to the state last year. She fell to Chris Pappas, a local party favorite, the A.P. reported, in a key House district that Republicans hope to target in November.
Ms. Sullivan, an ex-Marine and former official in the Obama administration, was besieged by criticism during the campaign that she was carpetbagging, and was running in second place Tuesday in a field of 11 candidates, well behind Mr. Pappas. Her failure to gain traction reaffirmed New Hampshire's reputation as an insular state that is skeptical of outsiders.
Chris Pappas takes the stage at an election party in Portsmouth, N.H., on Tuesday after winning the Democratic nomination in a key House district.CreditBrian Snyder/Reuters
Should Mr. Pappas win in November, he would be the state's first openly gay representative in Congress. He will face Eddie Edwards, a Navy veteran and former police chief, who won the Republican primary Tuesday in a close race over Andy Sanborn. Mr. Edwards would become the state's first African-American member of Congress.
"At the end of the day, this election is about who we are and what we can accomplish together," Mr. Pappas said in a victory speech at his family's restaurant, the Puritan Backroom, in Manchester. "We need to say loudly and clearly this fall that we don't live in Donald Trump's America."
Eddie Edwards, Republican candidate for New Hampshire's First District at a polling station in Manchester on Tuesday.CreditElizabeth Frantz for The New York Times
The group of candidates running for the seat included Levi Sanders, the son of Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders, who was running well behind Mr. Pappas.
[Find results of New Hampshire primary voting here]
In the governor's race, Ms. Kelly's path to victory in November is a challenging one: In the general election, she will face the Republican incumbent, Chris Sununu, who is one of the most popular governors in the country.
Democrats have rallied around female candidates this year, but Ms. Kelly's immediate status as an underdog makes it unclear how much support she will receive from the national party heading into the general election.
A reliable Democratic vote during her 10 years at the State House, Ms. Kelly during her campaign has advocated for women's reproductive rights and vowed to "freeze tuition and lower it as well" at the state's public colleges and universities. And she has championed renewable energy, a hot-button issue given the state's high energy rates.
She has also said she would work with the White House if she were elected governor.
"I would certainly work with the Trump administration to bring benefit to this state," she told The Concord Monitor earlier this year.
In a brief telephone interview Tuesday, Ms. Kelly did not seem deterred by the challenge she faces in the general election.
"Do not underestimate me," she said. "Do not underestimate the voters here in New Hampshire as well. They are ready for a change."
"I'm going to run on the issues that are most important to the people of New Hampshire,'' she added, "and make it clear that there are real differences between Chris Sununu and myself."
Mr. Pappas calls himself a progressive, but he does not lean as far left as the label has come to imply during this election cycle. He has said he supports universal health care, but not Medicare for All, now one of the hallmarks of left-wing progressivism.
In an interview last month, he said he was in favor of immigration reform, but did not go as far as to call for abolishing the Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency, another item on some progressive agendas. And he declined to say whether he would support Representative Nancy Pelosi for speaker if Democrats win control of the House.
"The leadership should clearly reflect the diversity of the Democratic caucus, and so we'll sort that all out once the election is over," he said in the interview.
Mr. Pappas and Mr. Edwards will compete to succeed Representative Carol Shea-Porter, a Democrat, who is retiring. President Trump carried the district, in the Eastern half of the state, by two points in 2016, and Republicans see it as a potential target this fall, though election experts expect the seat to stay in Democratic hands.
If Mr. Pappas's primary victory did not come as a surprise, given the backing he received from the local Democratic establishment, he had to contend with a strong opponent in a race that grew increasingly heated. In the final days before the primary, he and Ms. Sullivan traded barbs, with Mr. Pappas's campaign attacking Ms. Sullivan for not voting in the 2016 presidential primary and Ms. Sullivan questioning Mr. Pappas's progressive record.
Ms. Sullivan enjoyed some national support, raising nearly $2 million through mid-August, but her tenuous connection to the state — she had been considered a possible House candidate in Illinois, her home state, before moving here last year — was viewed as potentially problematic.
Also on the ballot was Mr. Sanders, whose father won the 2016 presidential primary here by 22 points but whose campaign seemed to puzzle everyone from his father's most enthusiastic supporters to his opponents. Though he insisted throughout his campaign that he was his own man, he assumed his father's loud, sometimes bellicose style and advocated for many of the issues his father had helped popularize, including single-payer health care, a $15 minimum wage and tuition-free public college. On his website was website a photo of his father, front and center.
But his father never endorsed him, and he gained a reputation more as a gadfly — during campaign forums, he stridently attacked other candidates, including for their positions on health care and campaign finance — than as a credible candidate.
A version of this article appears in print on , Section A, Page 14 of the New York edition with the headline: Women's Wave Sweeps Through Primary for New Hampshire Governor. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe
Levi Sanders Is Not His Father. He Keeps Telling That to Voters.


"This fall, we will have been in space continually for 16 years. That's a key step to living the dream of Star Trek. You have to imagine that you can do something before you go do it," says Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen.
Hansen landed at the TIFF Bell Lightbox this week, along with the ROM's Marianne Mader and physician/inventor Sonny Kohli, to talk about the intersection of art and science in Star Trek. The trio of scientists—all big fans of the series, from the original all the way through to Voyager—explained how the show has influenced them in their careers and how it continues to inspire new generations to think positively about the future.
TIFF's '50 Years of Star Trek' program runs until December 30. Check out the full lineup here. Watch TIFF's Trek Talk on Bridging Science and The Arts below.


Do I have to apologize for the way that you made me feel? Shouldn't it be you giving me the apology? That is what anyone with common sense would believe. But you, your to into yourself to realize what your doing and have been doing to me. There seems to be no end to your destruction.
I often times sit and visualize how my life would be with out you. But quickly dismiss the thought because I dont want to be anything like you. Your reasoning and constant need to be in control is a disease that seems to continuously spread. When is it going to stop?! This need for control is going to your head.
Countless people suffer because you have no concern or remorse for people that don't embody your essence. There is no need to always be "King". Learn to love and let be instead of conquer and destroy. Destory lives, souls, aspirations. Im sure you know what your doing and have been doing, but your sense of entitlement will not let you admit to it.
I guess the question now is "what am I going to do to loosen your grasp?" Simple, "I'm going to do what is necessary to obtain my greatness in spite of that lethal injection that is known all to well by diversity. You want to change me, but see no fault in yourself. Condemn me for being only what I am and nothing more.
You were created the same as I, so why are we viewed so different. We may be different but that is only in appearance. I bleed just as you, I love just as you, and I fear just as you. I have just one question, " Intellectually what makes us different?


Our 2nd Annual BabySteps Awareness Walk/Run!
Thank you to everyone who Supported FPA for our 2nd Annual BabySteps Awareness Walk & Run for the FPANEO prenatal clinic!
Many people walked to help raise awareness and support for the Family Planning Association Prenatal Clinic!
*All proceeds go toward funding the prenatal clinic. FPANEO prenatal clinic provides care for women without insurance or who are under-insured.


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Pierre Jean François Marie Delouche est un homme politique français né le  à Saint-Senier-de-Beuvron (Manche) et décédé le  à Avranches (Manche).

Avocat à Caen puis à Avranches, il est président de la commission municipale d'Avranches après la Révolution de 1848. Il est député de la Manche de 1848 à 1849, siégeant avec les républicains modérés.

Sources

Naissance en mars 1799
Naissance dans la Manche
Décès en janvier 1879
Décès à Avranches
Député de la Manche
Membre de l'Assemblée constituante de 1848
Décès à 79 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia