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This article is about the Roman army officer. For other uses, see Centurion (disambiguation).
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A centurion (/sɛnˈtjʊəriən/; Latin: centurio [kɛn̪ˈt̪ʊrioː], pl. centuriones; Greek: κεντυρίων, translit. kentyríōn, or Greek: ἑκατόνταρχος, translit. hekatóntarkhos) was a position in the Roman army during classical antiquity, nominally the commander of a century (Latin: centuria), a military unit of around 80 legionaries. In a Roman legion, centuries were grouped into cohorts and commanded by their senior-most centurion. The prestigious first cohort was led by the primus pilus, the most senior centurion in the legion and its fourth-in-command who was next in line for promotion to Praefectus Castrorum, and the primi ordines who were the centurions of the first cohort.
A historical reenactor in Roman centurion costume.
A centurion's symbol of office was the vine staff, with which they disciplined even Roman citizens, who were otherwise legally protected from corporal punishment by the Porcian Laws.[citation needed] Centurions also served in the Roman navy. After the 107 BC Marian reforms of Gaius Marius, centurions were professional officers. In Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, the Byzantine army's centurions were also known by the name kentarch (Kentarches).[1]
1 Role
1.1 Seniority
2 The qualities necessary to be a centurion
3 In the New Testament
4.1 Historical centurions
RoleEdit
A cenotaph to Marcus Caelius, a centurion of Legio XVIII killed at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. Note the prominent display of the vine staff, his sign of office.
A Roman Centurio on a portrait medaillon of his grave, 2nd century A.D. from Flavia Solva
In the Roman infantry, the centurions commanded a centuria or "century". During the Mid-Republic these centuries were grouped in pairs to make up a maniple, each century consisting of 30–60 men.[2] After the Marian reforms a century typically composed of around 80 men, with six such centuries forming a legionary cohort. Later, generals and emperors further manipulated these numbers with double and half-strength units. Julius Caesar, for instance, made the first cohort of five double strength centuries.[citation needed]
Centurions received a much higher rate of pay than the average legionary.[3] Veteran legionaries often worked as tenants of their former centurions.[4]
During the Imperial era, centurions gradually rose in seniority in their cohort, commanding centuries with higher precedence, until commanding the senior century and therefore the whole cohort. The best centurions were then promoted to the first cohort and known as the Primi Ordines, commanding one of the cohort's five centuries and also taking on a staff role. The most senior centurion of the legion was the Primus Pilus who commanded the first century of the first cohort. All centurions, however senior, had their own allocated century. There was little difference between the ranks of centurions except for the Primus Pilus, who also participated in war councils.[5] The Primus Pilus was so called because his own century was the first file of the first (rightmost) cohort. Only eight officers in a fully officered legion outranked the Primus Pilus: the legate (legatus legionis), commanding the legion; the senior tribune (tribunus laticlavius), second-in-command of the legion; the Camp Prefect (praefectus castrorum); and the five other tribunes (tribuni angusticlavii) who served as senior staff officers to the legate.
Centurions could be elected, appointed by the Senate, or promoted from the ranks for a variety of reasons.[6] Julius Caesar is said to have promoted his centurions for displays of valour. Historians cite examples of them being the first over the enemy's wall or through the breach.[7] The various centurion grades may be loosely compared to modern junior and middle officer grades.[8][9] Below the centurions were the optiones, seconds-in-command of centuries.
Centurions were held personally responsible for the training and discipline of the legionaries under their command, and they had a reputation for dealing out harsh punishment. Tacitus tells a story in The Annals of a centurion known as "Cedo Alteram", which roughly translates to "Fetch Me Another". "The mutinous soldiers thrust out the tribunes and the camp-prefect; they plundered the baggage of the fugitives, and then killed a centurion, Lucilius, to whom, with soldier's humour, they had given the nickname 'Cedo Alteram', because when he had broken one vine-stick across a soldier's back, he would call in a loud voice for another… and another...and another!" The vine-stick (vitis) was a symbol of the centurion's authority and the implement with which he meted out punishment.
Unlike legionaries, centurions carried their swords on their left side as a sign of distinction[10] and carried the pugio (dagger) on the right, as the sidearm.
Centurions wore transverse crests on their helmets that would distinguish them from other legionaries.[11][12]
Centurions often had important social status and held powerful positions in society. They seem to have received their status according to their rank.[13] On retirement, they could be eligible for employment as lictors.[14][unreliable source?]
SeniorityEdit
Each century had a precedence within the cohort. Centurions' seniority within the cohort and legion depended on the position within the legion of the century they were in charge of, which often took their name from their centurion. Centurions began by leading junior centuries before being promoted to leading a more senior one. Promotion usually came with experience, or at least length of service, but many still never made it as far as leading a 1st cohort. Yet for centurions who showed, say, particularly conspicuous bravery during battle, there was the opportunity to be promoted several grades at once. For example, Julius Caesar's reward for a centurion who had greatly pleased him was to advance him eight grades.[15][unreliable source?]
Promotion through the various grades often meant transferring to another legion.[citation needed]
The precedence during the times of the Republican manipular legion had each centurio command a centuria of sixty men within a manipulus (maniple) of two centuriae which was commanded by the senior centurio. Their order in decreasing seniority but opposite battle order;
Of the centuriae of a manipulus of Triarii;
Pilus Prior
Pilus Posterior
Of the centuriae of a manipulus of Principes;
Princeps Prior
Princeps Posterior
Of the centuriae of a manipulus of Hastati;
Hastatus Prior
Hastatus Posterior
For the Imperial and late Republican legion (post 107 BC) the first centuria of every cohors was its senior, with the first cohors following suit for the entire legion. There were five centuriae in the first cohors as opposed to the normal number of six, with each centuria having twice the number of legionaries of a normal centuria.
The six centuriae of a normal cohors, were, in order of decreasing seniority;
The rear triarii (rear third line)
The forward triarii (forward third line)
The rear principes (rear principal line)
The forward principes (forward principal line)
The rear hastati (rear spears)
The forward hastati (forward spears)
The titles of the centuriae and thus their respective centuriones are remnants from the manipular system of the Republic. In order of decreasing seniority;
1st Cohors, Centuriones known as the Primi Ordines
1st Centuria Primus Pilus
2rd Centuria Princeps Prior
3rd Centuria Princeps Posterior
4th Centuria Hastatus Prior
5th Centuria Hastatus Posterior
2nd Cohors
1st Centuria Pilus Prior
2nd Centuria Pilus Posterior
4th Centuria Princeps Posterior
Note that the Primi Ordines of the first cohors were senior to every centurio except for their Primus Pilus and the Pili Priori of the other first centuries.
The qualities necessary to be a centurionEdit
Centurions had to be literate (to be able to read written orders), have connections (letters of recommendation), be at least 30 years of age, and have already served a few years in the military. They also have had to be able to boost their soldiers' morale.
The centurion in the infantry is chosen for his size, strength and dexterity in throwing his missile weapons and for his skill in the use of his sword and shield; in short for his expertness in all the exercises. He is to be vigilant, temperate, active and readier to execute the orders he receives than to talk; Strict in exercising and keeping up proper discipline among his soldiers, in obliging them to appear clean and well-dressed and to have their weapons constantly rubbed and bright.
—  Vegetius. De Re Militari,[16] II, 14
In the New TestamentEdit
Matthew's Gospel and Luke's Gospel[17] relate an incident in which a servant of a centurion based in Capernaum was ill. In the Gospel of Luke, the centurion concerned had a good relationship with the elders of the local Jewish population and had funded the development of the synagogue in Capernaum, and when he heard that Jesus was in the locality, he asked the Jewish elders to request healing for his servant. In the Gospel of Matthew, the centurion makes direct contact with Jesus. The stories report that Jesus marveled at his faith and restored his servant to health. In both the Gospels of Mark[18] and Matthew,[19] the centurion who is present at the Crucifixion, said that Jesus was "God's Son". Accordingly, this centurion is considered by many to be the first Christian. In Luke's Gospel[20] the centurion at the cross said that Jesus was "innocent".
The Book of Acts[21] tells of a centurion named Cornelius whose righteous and generous acts find favor with God. The apostle Simon Peter is told in a vision to visit Cornelius, a Gentile, with whom association was not permitted under Jewish law. The encounter leads Simon Peter to understand that God accepts non-Jews who believe in God and repent. After this revelation, the message of Jesus was evangelized to the Gentiles.
Ancient Rome portal
War portal
Historical centurionsEdit
Artifacts from a centurion's tomb.
St Agathius
St Alexander
Aulus Pudens
Cassius Chaerea
St Cornelius
Gaius Crastinus
Gordius
St Longinus
Lucius Artorius Castus
Lucius Vorenus
St Marcellus
Sempronius Densus
Spurius Ligustinus
Titus Pullo
RelatedEdit
Primus pilus
Vine staff
List of Roman army unit types
Military establishment of the Roman Empire
Evocatus, related Roman rank
Praefectus Castrorum
^ Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press. pp. 1120–1121. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.
^ "manipulus". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
^ Earl S. Johnson, Jr., "Centurion," The New Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, Vol. 1; Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2006, p. 580. ISBN 9780687054275
^ Rich, John. "Military Organization and Social Change." War and Society in the Roman World. Ed. Graham Shipley. Vol. 5. N.p.: n.p., 1993. N. pag. Print. Leicester-Notthingham Studies in Ancient Society
^ "centurion." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 17 Sep. 2012. <https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/102946/centurion>.
^ The Roman War Machine
^ The Complete Roman Army
^ Goldsworthy, A. (2003) Complete Roman Army pp.68–73
^ Hoffman, B. (1995) The quarters of the legionary centurions of the Principate. Britannia 26; 107-151
^ "Centurion". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2019-10-21.
^ "Digital | Attic - Warfare : De Re Militari Book II: The Organization of the Legion". Archived from the original on 2009-04-10. Retrieved 2009-05-10.
^ Justin R. Howell, The Imperial Authority and Benefaction of Centurions and Acts 10.34-43: A Response to C. Kavin Rowe., Page numbers of article p25-51, 27p, Journal for the Study of the New Testament, Vol. 31 Issue 1, Sep2008
^ The Legions of Rome, Stephen Dando-Collins, pp41, Quercus (December 2010)
^ Matthew 8:5-13; Luke 7:1-10
^ Mark 15:39
^ Matthew 27:54
^ Luke23:47
^ Acts 10:1-11:30
The dictionary definition of centurion at Wiktionary
"Centurion" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). 1911.
Ross Cowan, 'Centurion', Military Illustrated 271 (2010)
Ross Cowan, Called to the Eagle: Some Sullan Centurions Archived 2021-04-19 at the Wayback Machine
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centurion&oldid=1133560452"


text:
Q: How do I set the blur intensity of a system material in SwiftUI 3? SwiftUI 3 introduced the concept of system materials – akin to a UIVisualEffectView with a UIBlurEffect.
    Text("Hello world!")
        .padding()
        .background(.thinMaterial)

How do I change the intensity of blur applied by a system material?

A: SwiftUI currently does not offer a way to achieve this. It is, however, possible to achieve using SwiftUIX.

*

*Install SwiftUIX via the Swift Package Manager.

*In your code, import SwiftUIX.

*Use VisualBlurEffectView with the .intensity(_:) modifier.

Text("Hello world!")
    .background {
        VisualEffectBlurView(blurStyle: .systemThinMaterial)
            .intensity(0.5)
    }

Disclaimer: Both this answer and the question were written to document SwiftUIX (an MIT-licensed open-source package) in a Q/A style format. As of writing this question I am currently not aware of any simple way to achieve this via UIKIt, and will gladly amend the answer to prescribe an official approach if/when one becomes available. I'd also love to just dump the code specific to this component, but it relies on a number of extensions/hacks that are spread across the SPM package that would be impractical to isolate just for the purpose of bundling a copy-paste solution to this answer.

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Board index The Allies & the Neutral States USA 1919-1945
200 U. S. trained divisions?
Discussions on all aspects of the United States of America during the Inter-War era and Second World War. Hosted by Carl Schwamberger.
Re: 200 U. S. trained divisions?
Post by Richard Anderson » 26 Mar 2021 04:22
McDonald wrote: ↑
Yes, I know of the renumbering, but what I am getting at is what would differentiate the guidons of two Infantry organizations with the same numerical designation. For instance the example of the 27th AIB and 27th IR.
It seems to me the guidon for say Company C of both organizations would be a 27 over crossed muskets with a C beneath the crossed muskets, unless some design change in the AIB guidons that I am not aware of..
The reason I want to find out the correct answer has to do with a couple of ideas I have with regard to my modeling activities.
Oh, okay, I see what you meant now. It wouldn't be a problem of course with the battalion that retained the original regimental number, but the others? Yeah, it could be an issue, but I kind of imagine they didn't worry too much about it. They may have used the AIB designation, since that seemed to get quite a bit of acceptance even though it wasn't "official" Army abbreviationese.
I suspect that absent photographic or physical evidence we'll just have to guess.
Joined: 08 Mar 2021 22:47
Location: Colorado USA
Post by McDonald » 26 Mar 2021 18:54
Yes. I suppose with a war going on they had more important things to figure out than guidon color and configuration, like how to make SPAM taste better, and turning Lucky Strike Green into Lucky Strike White, or was that the other way around.
Lucky Strike Green ha s Gone to War! Lucky Strike Reds remained at home. They were supposedly tobaco shed sweepings.
daveshoup2MD
Location: Coral and brass
Post by daveshoup2MD » 28 Mar 2021 20:07
Mr. Guttridge:
I think the question you should be asking yourself is how much more capable those airborne divisions and the 10th Mountain Division operating in the PO Valley would have been had they been structured and contained the firepower of a conventional Infantry Division. The problem I see here is that when you have specialized units at the division level, they are structured for only one type of mission, in this instance airborne or mountain operations. When no airborne or mountain operations are in the offing, then the natural tendency for commanders is to employ them in a conventional manner, thus wasting that specialized training and know how, and to compound the error, sending them into a combat environment for which they are not fully equipped. No one, least of all me, should have a bad word to say about the individual performance of any of these divisions in combat. Their records speak for themselves, but the fact is we lost a heck of a lot of high priced, quality, manpower by mis-employing these divisions.
Could not we have found a better way to employ airborne and mountain forces, but at an echelon below that of division? I happen to think we could, but if everyone is thinking alike then there are a heck of a lot of people not thinking.
Speaking to the larger issues of the US Army's 91 ground force divisions (and the USMC's six), and what could have been used to increase their number, it's worth considering that in 1940-45, the army's order of battle included 44 AA brigade headquarters, of which 29 served overseas. Obviously, not all of these brigades could have been converted to infantry brigade headquarters equivalents, because of the operational situations in their various theaters during the course of the war, but it's worth noting the 45th's experience.
The 45th AA brigade headquarters, designated at Task Force 45, functioned as a "square" infantry brigade headquarters for much of 1944-45, with what amounted to two provisional infantry regiments, each formed from an AA group headquarters and 2-3 AA battalions, functioning as infantry,; at various times, various US and Allied infantry, cavalry, armor, tank destroyer, FA, AA functioning as FA, and engineer elements were attached, and the task force - at times, with as many as 8,000 troops under command - did well, largely because some careful planning by the corps and brigade commanders and because they were not asked to accomplish missions beyond their capabilities.
Along these same lines, although the FA brigade headquarters (generally) transitioned into divisional or corps artillery headquarters, there were still five FA brigade headquarters overseas and functional during the last year of the war, along with the 29 AA brigade headquarters mentioned; there were also two infantry brigade headquarters active overseas in 1945, a provisional (non-divisional) cavalry brigade headquarters, and a tank destroyer brigade headquarters, as well as no less than 14 engineer brigade headquarters, all overseas (defined as outside of CONUS).
Again, not all of these 52 brigade headquarters could have functioned an infantry (or armored) brigade headquarters, but it does give an idea of the resources that went into the non-divisional combat and support arms necessary for a global war that fielded army groups active in the ETO, field armies in the MTO, SWP, and Central Pacific, and air forces in all the above, plus the CBI, SP, ADC, and CDC... and that's without getting into the deployed armored, tank destroyer, cavalry, field artillery, AA artillery, and engineer group headquarters, and their attached battalions, etc., much less the "old" and "new" Philippine Scout units/formations.
The Marine Corps' non-divisional combat and support elements (III and V 'Phib each had a corps artillery headquarters equivalent, as well as two separate provisional FA group headquarters and two provisional AA group headquarters, for example, that were all still active in 1945, as was a single Marine combat engineer group headquarters).
So should, for that matter, the Navy's naval construction expeditionary elements, presumably weigh in the mix, as well. More than 300,000 officers and men served in the USN's CEC during WW II, and the mobile elements required the formation of 54 regiments, 12 brigades, and under various designations, five naval construction forces - roughly, a division headquarters equivalent. Again, not all of these organizations could or should be considered the equivalent of ground force combat arms, but they do indicate the scale of the mobilization and the resources created to meet it.
Two other elements that can be considered, although at significant remove: the "Allied" elements that were equipped and sustained, and in some cases, led by (or advised by), US personnel - as opposed to those formed as such and equipped under Lend-Lease. Although the 16 French divisions the US agreed to sustain (8 under the ANFA agreement, 8 with the follow-up LMP agreement), and the Brazilian 1st Division fall entirely under the later category, the PCA field forces (10-12 "light division" diminishing to brigade equivalents, depending upon how one considers them, in 1941-42 and then again, ad hoc, in 1944-45 as the PI were liberated) presumably are worth considering, certainly in terms of the draw on the US Army's officer corps; as do various elements of the ROC field forces sustained by the US in 1942-45 (X Force and Y Force, largely); the same consideration presumably goes to the OSS, SACO, the Philippine resistance units recognized by and cooperating with U.S. forces prior to liberation, the Kachin and Jingpaw Rangers, and the other special operations organizations that required US Army (and Navy) manpower.
Then there are the organized defense reserve units in Hawaii, the Alaska TG, and the local elements (PR and USVI) of the CDC; not huge, but definable. The state defense forces in CONUS, and the AGF, AAF, and ASF elements in CONUS, are a different category.
Post by Richard Anderson » 01 Apr 2021 03:18
daveshoup2MD wrote: ↑
My understanding of the 90th Division's training and leadership "churn" is based on Gen. DePuy's oral history
Sorry to circle back to this so late, but I just made a fascinating discovery in Changing an Army. For years I've known that a lot of that was written with an agenda, basically DePuy's lifelong interest in changing the U.S. Army. However, I have never read it straight through, mostly I've always been interested in his early remarks in it about the 90th...I know, I know, too much to read, too little time. However, what I have read of it always has given me the feeling that he was exaggerating to make his point, you know, the whole thing about an American infantry battalion just being their to escort the FO so the artillery could pound the Beejezus out of the Germans and such. This time though, I've caught the good general, God rest his soul, in a little fib that he may have indulged in to cover his own mistake.
I'm reading his account on pages 54-57 about the assault crossing by his battalion of the Saar River at Dillingen in the early hours of 6 December and see he says he made the mistake of relying on an inexperienced AA lieutenant to follow his instructions regarding providing covering fire from his "AA halftracks" they had "infiltrated" into the village of Rehlingen on the flank of the crossing site.
The funny thing is that story doesn't correspond with Doc Cole's account in Lorraine Campaign...and deviates even further from the account by my Dad, who happened to be the "AA lieutenant" in question!
For one thing, his provisional platoon of M16A1 of Company A, 537th AAA Battalion didn't "infiltrate" into Rehlingen, they had been there since 4 December, establishing positions, along with elements of the 607th TD Bn, to provide direct fire support of the crossing.
For another, my Dad never met DePuy (as DePuy implies), although he knew him. His orders for the crossing were delivered as a Frag order scribbled on a message form, which was passed to him on the evening of 5 December. It actually specified a time for him to open fire, not "don't open fire unless we're getting heavy fire from the pillboxes on the river" as DePuy recalled.
Anyway, about half an hour after he opened fire on the German bank an "officer in a jeep" came speeding down the main street (really the only street) in Rehlingen. When the officer alighted he starting demanding they cease fire, wanted to know who the officer was, what the screw up was, and so on. Dad said he didn't say much in reply, other than to pull the crumpled message form from his pocket and point to the time it said he was to open fire. The officer promptly shut up, climbed back into his jeep and left. After reading DePuy's account I'm now wondering of it may have been DePuy's S-3?
Nor was Dad "inexperienced"...he landed on UTAH on 14 June, just a six days after DePuy. His Bronze Star with "V" was actually for his actions supporting the crossing of DePuy's battalion, 10-20 December and he was recommended for promotion to 1st Lieutenant on 8 December (authorized 23 December).
Anyway, your remark made me look at DePuy's account again and led to me noticing this, so thanks very much.
BTW, one thing that made Rehlingen attractive was that for some reason some of the buildings in town still had running water and one house had running water as well as a coal-fired water heater and a bath tub...the only problem was the wall facing the German-occupied bank of the Saar had been excised by a shell, exposing most of the room to German observation and fire, which made for some interesting nighttime attempts at bathing.
Post by McDonald » 01 Apr 2021 04:30
Mr Anderson:
I know people who loath the guy, and also know people that believe that DePuy represents the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. I may even know a couple that think both. A very controversial figure in the U S Army of my time, and to tell you the truth, I believe he did more harm than good.
I am of two minds on the subject. I suppose in a way I feel like Tom Ricks...the Army in the aftermath of the problems of World War II, Korea, and Vietnam abdicated its strategic and operational responsibilities in a single-minded pursuit of tactical excellence. The all-volunteer force was another manifestation of that myopic view of why you have a military and what its role is in a democracy.
This discovery - DePuy basically falsifying an incident in order to create a "teachable moment" - was pretty disturbing. His teachable moment, "look at me, even great tacticians like me make mistakes" was in reality dumping the blame on another junior officer. So the "teachable moment" was in reality teaching how to deflect blame...something the Army has gotten all too good at.
Anyway, I had much the same experience with General Michael Flynn...on the outside looking in he seemed pretty good, but from the inside looking out the view was quite different.
I would just as soon never have to discuss Michael Flynn, As far as I am concerned he is right up there with Benedict Arnold, and Aaron Burr.
The composition of an army in a democracy, in my view, should be a strong core of professionals, with the rest, the bulk of the Army, made up of those in the mold of Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
Agreed, but that would require a draft and that is unlikely to come back in a lifetime, if ever.
Post by daveshoup2MD » 01 Apr 2021 06:58
You know, there's an obvious counterpoint to your idea as to who may have been telling a tale, right?
He made it to four stars and CG of TRADOC; who or what would have been the alternative, do you think?
Comparing Flynn to DePuy is a pretty loaded comment.
One can always volunteer. There are those of us who did.
Mr Shoup:
I agree on both counts.
Comparing Michael Flynn to General DePuy does a disservice to General DePuy, regardless of his faults.
The Spirit of the Cincinnati can exist without conscription.
Well sure, did you think that didn't cross my mind?
1. The first time I heard there was a discrepancy was c. 1976, when I borrowed Lorraine Campaign from the library and my Dad read through it and first remarked what his version was, pointing out where Doc Cole varied from his recollection.
2. DePuy's version of events is yet a third version, first apparently enunciated by the general in 1979.
3. Elements of DePuy's version also differs from the historical record, it does not match Cole's version or what details may be gleaned from the unit records.
3. My Dad's version was personal, spoken only to my Mom and myself. It was not intended for publication or to teach.
4. It is not the only part of DePuy's recollection that doesn't match the actual record.
Return to "USA 1919-1945"

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2017 will go down as the busiest and most fulfilling times in my professional career. I was able to grow as an educator and experience so many wonderful opportunities. One of the highlights, was the release of my latest book that I wrote with Scott Rocco and Billy Krakower titled Hacking Google for Education. It's done very well in the education genre and hopefully will continue to help educators understand the impact Google tools can have in a classroom, school, district, business, or organization.
Another great moment was experiencing the success of the 3rd Annual Tomorrow's Classrooms Today Conference. Hundreds of educators from around the country shared their innovative ideas on the campus of Rider University. My hope is that the 4th Annual Tomorrow's Classrooms Today Conference will be even more incredible due to the fact that, for the first time ever, it's going to be held over a two day period (May 18 and 19).
A new opportunity arose for me toward the end of the 2017 school year as I was appointed the Director of Planning, Research and Evaluation for the Chester School District. There is no doubt that I will miss being a middle level educator, but excited to help continue the tradition of excellence within our district. In the Spring 2017 edition of Rider University's Alumni Magazine, I was featured in an article that looked at my passion for technology in education. It was a great honor and will forever be a Rider Bronc.
The proudest moment of 2017 came in the form of being recognized as the NJPSA State Visionary Assistant Principal of the Year and the NASSP National Assistant Principal of the Year. I never saw this coming, but was incredibly humbled by the experience. I am looking forward to carry the torch for all educational leaders in the years to come. There is no doubt that this is one of the most exciting times in education and we all must work together to ensure that all stakeholders understand the importance of innovative learning environments that are engaging and relevant.
We celebrated the 5th Birthday of #Satchat in April of 2017. Twitter has provided educators from all walks of life with an opportunity to connect, share, and reflect. You can join in on the #Satchat conversation every Saturday morning at 7:30 EST.
Finally, I was able to present at some outstanding local, state, and national conferences. The National Principals Conference and Association of Middle Level Educator's Annual Conference are two that stand out. It's always great to highlight the awesome learning experiences that you support in your school and district with attendees on a national stage.
Let's hope that 2018 will be another year to remember, not only for myself, but everyone out there trying to "fight the good fight" and helping to the promote the success of all students.


text:
Community & Social Responsibility
Environmental Education Materials
B&D University
James B. Slaughter,
jslaughter@bdlaw.com
Resume PDF
March 27, 2020 / Case Highlight
B&D Wins Summary Judgment Ruling Voiding Baltimore Air Ordinance
Litigators in Beveridge & Diamond's Washington, DC, and Baltimore, MD offices secured an important published preemption ruling in U.S. District Court in Maryland on March 27. Wheelabrator Baltimore, L.P. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, --- F.Supp.3d ---, 2020 WL 1491409 (D.Md.). Judge George Russell III's decision struck down the "Baltimore Clean Air Act" (BCAA), an ordinance that imposed unprecedented air emissions limits on certain industrial facilities, and in particular targeted a major waste to energy facility (Wheelabrator Baltimore) and a major medical waste incinerator (Curtis Bay Medical Waste Services). The City ordinance sought to force the facilities to shut down or install costly pollution control equipment to meet air emission limits that would have been the most stringent ever enacted in the country, far exceeding federal and state requirements.
Plaintiffs Wheelabrator, Curtis Bay, the National Waste & Recycling Association, the Energy Recovery Council, and TMS Hauling challenged the ordinance in a 59-page complaint filed in April 2019. Wheelabrator manages a large percentage of the Baltimore area's non-hazardous solid waste, including much of the City's, converting it into electricity and steam power for thousands of homes and businesses.
Judge Russell's 24-page opinion held that Baltimore's attempt to impose detailed pollution requirements for Wheelabrator and Curtis Bay conflicted with existing state regulations and the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) issued Title V permit already in place. The Court wrote that "the Ordinance conflicts with state law by prohibiting—and, in some cases, criminalizing—conduct that is permitted under the facilities' existing Title V permits. . . . Put simply, the Ordinance is conflict preempted because it virtually invalidates the facilities' state-issued Title V permits. . . . Further, the BCAA is conflict preempted because it 'second guesses' the complex federal and state regulatory scheme for air emissions."
The court reviewed the many stringent existing federal and state clean air regulations for the facility that protect public health and observed that "[a]llowing a locality to undermine this regulatory scheme by substituting its judgment in place of decisions by the federal and state government is not consistent with the goals of the federal Clean Air Act and its corresponding state statutes."
Wheelabrator Technologies Senior Vice President and General Counsel Michael O'Friel commented that "[w]e are pleased with the court's ruling, which reflects our position that the Baltimore ordinance conflicts with both state and federal regulatory authority," said. "As we have argued from the time this ordinance was first proposed – and as the court has made clear in its ruling – the city legislation is fundamentally flawed. As the court pointed out in its opinion, emissions standards are established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency 'after a lengthy public rulemaking process and enforced through intricate permitting systems administered by the states.' The court's opinion goes on to specifically note: 'Allowing a locality to undermine this regulatory scheme by substituting its judgment in place of decisions by the federal and state government is not consistent with the goals of (the federal CAA) and its corresponding state statutes.' We appreciate the court's detailed review of this matter and look forward to continuing to provide the essential service of responsible waste management in the Baltimore area by converting everyday waste into clean, renewable energy."
B&D's team included Washington, DC principals Jimmy Slaughter, David Friedland, Tony Michaels, and Josh Van Eaton, Baltimore principal Roy Prather, and Boston associate Meghan Morgan.
The National Waste & Recycling Association issued a press release commending the ruling.
View news coverage of this decision in Law360 (subscription required), The Baltimore Sun, Baltimore Brew, Waste360, WasteDive, and The Daily Record.
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Pizza Twice, pizza restaurant, listed under "Pizza Restaurants" category, is located at 247 Canada St Fredericton NB, E3A 4A1, Canada and can be reached by 5064530099 phone number. Pizza Twice has currently 0 reviews.
Browse all Pizza Restaurants in Fredericton NB.


We're creeping closer to Christmas! Are you ready? Here's a plan.
Grab BOGO holiday drinks at Starbucks Happy Hour Weekend runnning through Dec. 16 and zip through your list.
Shop from home. Amazon has extended its free shipping offer through Dec. 18. Many retailer are also offering free shipping on Dec. 14 with guaranteed Christmas delivery. Check with your favorite retailer.
Target is giving away $25-off coupons for applying for a REDcard, which offers year-round free shipping and 5 percent off all purchases.
Speaking of coupons, have you checked out my Coupon Crazy group on Facebook? Join the discussion.
Procrastinators take note: The day has arrived to get those gifts in the mail to arrive by Christmas Eve.
Olay is giving away more free beauty samples. This sweet offer was available in December and is active again if you missed it.
Try Olay Eyes Deep Hydrating Eye Gel, Regenerist Whips face cream, and Olay Daily Facial cleansing cloths. The products are fragrance free.
Sears and The Garden Gate in the Pompano Citi Centre are closing on Dec. 16.
A Sears spokesman confirmed the store, at 2251 N. Federal Highway in Pompano Beach, was closing to the SunSentinel.
Read the New York Times online for free, compliments of Google One.
New subscribers can sign up for a free 6-month digital subscription to get unlimited online access on NYTimes.com and the company's free mobile app. That's a $90 value.


No, not schemes of arrangement, but approvals under item 7 of section 611 of the Corporations Act.
Item 7 allows a general meeting to approve an acquisition that would take the acquirer over the 20% ownership threshold.
It is not often used for full takeovers of companies, largely because that would require special relief from ASIC. However, following the Takeovers Panel 2002 decision in relation to Colonial Mutual Property Trust, it has provided a statutory alternative for certain takeovers of listed managed investment schemes (MISs – for which section 411 schemes of arrangement are unavailable).
ASIC has now released a draft new policy to reflect both the use of item 7 by MISs and changes in the regulatory environment since its original policy was published in 1994.
A major hurdle for MIS takeovers by item 7 is that item 7 prevents target unitholders from voting in favour of the acquisition. This means that, without an ASIC modification, no-one could actually vote for a full takeover.
The new draft policy sets out the basis on which ASIC will grant such a modification. It also indicates what other relief the deal may require.
A major consideration is whether the deal complies with the Takeovers Panel policy on trust schemes. In brief, this requires MIS schemes to follow the principles and shareholder protections in Chapter 6 of the Corporations Act. In other words, ASIC is confirming that it does not want item 7 to be used just to avoid Chapter 6.
the acquirer may require relief from various requirements relating to Product Disclosure Statements, Financial Services Guides and financial services licences.
As noted above, item 7 prevents anyone voting in favour of an acquisition if they are the acquirer or a person from whom shares or units are to be acquired (or an associate of either).
Although ASIC's current policy is that information packs and notices of meeting should be shown to it in draft form, there is no written policy about the time for doing that; the proposed new policy "strongly encourages" entities to do so 14 days before they are printed (longer if ASIC relief is required).
If there is a material change between dispatch of the notice of meeting and the meeting itself, the target members should be given a supplementary information pack – and should have at least 10 days to digest it before being asked to vote (a shorter period may be acceptable if the supplementary information has already been flagged or is already out in the market).
If an event after the vote materially changes the nature of the deal (eg. by increasing the acquirer's stake in the company or MIS), a fresh vote should be held.
Item 7 requires that members be given all information that is material to their decision to vote. As with the current policy, ASIC provides an indicative list of information that should be provided. ASIC's longstanding policy is also that members should receive an analysis of the transaction. The draft policy says that this analysis should comply with Regulatory Guide 111 (rewritten in March this year).
That analysis can, in ASIC's view, be prepared by the target's directors, but only if it is of the same standard as an independent expert's report (which requires the directors to have the necessary expertise, experience and resources). The proposed new policy increases the pressure on directors to comply with what ASIC observes is standard market practice: ASIC says that, in its experience of item 7 documents, there is a "significant risk that a report prepared by directors will not provide all material information to members".
The draft policy also draws attention to the need for the notice of meeting to be "clear, concise and effective". In the Consultation Paper accompanying the draft policy, ASIC notes that it has provided extensive guidance on "clear, concise and effective" in last month's Consultation Paper 155.
The draft policy is up for public comment until 1 August 2011.
ASIC then plans to publish a final policy by the end of this year.


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Longview Personal Trainer is a website of Chris Hill. Chris Hill is a personal trainer who trains at very low cost to body build, lose weight. You can buy supplement products through this website of many companies. He also suggests you the fat burner meal plan and nutrition.
This personally fit website is developed in WordPress. With the help of business analyst coordination our development and designing team performed quite well and delivered the website on time with full satisfaction of client.


Sometime last year I introduced you to a friend of mine, Emma MacPherson, whose talents are many, then as a photographer and author, now Blogger.
Today I would like to introduce you to Emma's Blog, Living The Simple Life! I am certain as time goes on if her introduction to her blog is anything to go by will prove to be of great interest to many.
Congratulations and welcome to the world of Blogging Emma, I for one am so interested in your point of view and am certain I too will be learning something new as I follow along with you!
Several weeks ago a good friend gave me these freshly grown peas from their garden and these have been blanched and are now residing in my freezer for good eating come this winter....so, what's in your freezer?
As Quilters and Crafter's we all search for ways and means to support our hobby habits and in this endeavor many of us follow similar rules to acquiring our materials to create something out of. As said in some of my previous posts I so enjoy hoking about for remnants to make my quilts from as well as up-cycling different types of fabrics to create my tote bags from as I so enjoy selling that "one of a kind" item I have created and I have Bonnie Hunter, to thank for the taste of frugality I now practice. Bonnie has been advocating this type of scrappy fabric gathering forever and she proves it with her glorious quilts.
What about you? Do you up-cycle? Do you scrounge the 2nd hand shops and remnant bins for your quilted and crafted items? I see many shops on Etsy that practice up-cycling and these people create very beautiful items.
I had to learn to be frugal due to my being on a very fixed income from pensions so that after paying my living expenses I find not sufficient left over to spend on my hobby. To this end I made myself a promise not to buy anything new if at all possible and to this end I keep pulling from my stash. This provides me still with lots to work with and at times when I am looking for that one of a kind piece to make I go scrounging the second hand shops and as many of the remnant bins as I can find.
My recent forays always have me searching for zippers and nice sized buttons to use in my many projects. Not only do I sew for charity but I also make things to sell near Christmas time and to add as inventory to my Etsy Shop (which is woefully empty at the moment).
Stretching the few dollars I manage to save from selling items is very gratifying.
Do you remember that wonderful old quote "look after the pennies and the dollars will take care of themselves" or something like those words. Since becoming a pensioner this is what I have had to learn.
Once again I would like to thank Emma for her timely themed Blog "Living The Simple Life" because again it has reinforced my need to continue on the road I have set for myself being as frugal as I can possibly be.
Remember that piece of fabric I showed you the other day ? I plan on turning it into another one of a kind tote bag which I am still quilting the fabric for, so it is off to get back to that.
Thank you for dropping in today to share some of your time with me and I wish you a perfectly wonderful day and I look forward to posting again tomorrow.


This is a commercial ad of Cadillac. This commercial was released in February 2017 in United States. Under the title of "Cadillac: Pedestal".
This is how we dare. This how we drive the world forward. #DareGreatly.
We know how it feels to be treated like a trophy.
Driven to awards shows, parties, and across so many silver screens.
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The commercial song is "Always" by Tor Miller. For those of you who like this song "Always", you can download it from Amazon or iTunes.


UK transport minister Jo Johnson has announced this week that 42 Technology has been awarded almost £350K by Innovate UK to help further commercialise its unique Adaptable Carriage train passenger seat mounting system.
Adaptable Carriage, which was showcased at last year's international Railtex exhibition, enables the seats and tables within passenger trains to be automatically folded and stowed to create space to carry freight on off-peak services. The system could also be used to create space on demand to accommodate more wheelchair users, luggage or bicycles.
The Innovate UK funding — awarded as part of its 'First of a Kind: Demonstrating Tomorrow's Trains Today' scheme – will enable 42 Technology to install its technology into a train carriage for the first time as part of a project expected to take 10 months. Following successful testing, Adaptable Carriage can then be piloted under the Flexible Freight programme being promoted by the UK rail industry's Technical Strategy Leadership Group.


Enjoy rural charm with convenience at Pacific Melrose, located adjacent to the Perris Big League Dreams ball field and DropZone Waterpark. Pacific Melrose offers a selection of one and two-story homes, ranging from 2,088 to 3,021 sq. ft. with up to 6 bedrooms, 3 baths, and 3 car garages. Innovative floor plans, featuring our Smart By DesignSM philosophy, are geared around maximum comfort and livability, to suit your lifestyle needs. These plans include high ceilings, premium standard countertops, spacious kitchens, generous master closets, and an assortment of room options. The community is conveniently located just minutes from the I-215 freeway, meaning work, shops, restaurants, and entertainment is just a quick drive away.


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SAMJ: South African Medical Journal
versão On-line ISSN 2078-5135
SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. vol.106 no.3 Pretoria Mar. 2016
http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2016.v106i3.10134
Digitotalar dysmorphism: Molecular elucidation
A A VorsterI; P BeightonII; R S RamesarIII
ISenior Technical Officer in the MRC Human Genetics Research Unit in the Division of Human Genetics, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa, with an interest in molecular genetics of connective tissue disorders
IIAgeing medical geneticist in the Division of Human Genetics with a long-term interest in heritable disorders of the skeleton and connective tissue
IIIProfessor and Head of the Division of Human Genetics and Director of the MRC Human Genetics Research Unit
Dominantly inherited digitotalar dysmorphism (DTD), which is characterised by flexion contractures of digits and 'rocker-bottom' feet due to a vertical talus, was first described in a South African family of European stock in 1972. We review the clinical manifestations and document the molecular basis for DTD in this prototype family. This family was restudied in 1995 and 2006 and biological specimens were obtained for molecular studies. Since the distal arthrogryposes (DAs) are genetically heterogeneous, an unbiased approach to mutation identification was undertaken through whole-exome next-generation sequencing of DNA from a single DTD-affected female. Venous blood specimens were obtained for DNA banking and subsequent molecular studies. Analysis of the nine genes that had previously been shown to cause DAs revealed a pathogenic mutation in exon nine of TNNT3. The presence of the p.(Arg63His) missense mutation at position 63 of TNNT3 was confirmed through direct cycle sequencing of genomic DNA in six affected family members for whom DNA had been archived.
Digitotalar dysmorphism (DTD; OMIM #126050) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by congenital fixed flexion deformities of the digits and 'rocker-bottom' feet due to a vertical position of the talus. The condition was originally delineated more than 40 years ago in five generations of a large South African (SA) kindred of European stock.[1]
The distal arthrogryposes (DAs) are a group of genetic disorders in which congenital contractures in the hands and feet are the main manifestations.[2] The individual members of the DA category have numerical designations 1 - 10, with subtypes indicated by letters in some instances. A few well-known eponymous genetic disorders with contractures plus craniofacial involvement have also been listed as DAs.
With ongoing elucidation of the molecular basis of the DAs, several genes that encode the contractile apparatus of the fast-twitch myofibrils have been implicated.[3] It has also emerged that there is considerable molecular heterogeneity in the DAs and that some conditions regarded as having autonomous syndromic status have identical mutational determinants.[4,5]
The prototype DTD family was restudied in 1995 and 2006, and biological specimens were obtained for molecular studies. A causative mutation in the TNNT3 (OMIM #600692) gene has now been identified.
The affected family
The proposita of the DTD family was born in SA in 1916 and initially examined in 1971 at the age of 55 years. At that time, nine affected persons in three generations were available for documentation.
Family photographs revealed that deceased individuals in two preceding generations had the disorder. The pedigree data were in keeping with autosomal dominant inheritance, with some variability in phenotypic expression and complete penetrance. The progenitor of the kindred had emigrated from Holland to SA during the 18th century, and there could be additional affected persons in the extended family in Europe.
The kindred was restudied in 1995 and in 2006, by which time three affected children in a new generation had been born and 11 affected persons in four generations were alive. Biological specimens for molecular investigations were obtained.
The clinical manifestations in nine affected family members have been documented and depicted in the orthopaedic literature.[1] The main syndromic components are rigidities of the digits in the hands and feet together with vertical alignment of the talus bones in the ankles. Involvement of the extremities is usually bilateral and not necessarily symmetrical or of equal severity.
Flexion contracture of the digits, with some ulnar deviation, are consistent features. Severity and distribution are variable, but the deformities are fixed and neither progress nor ameliorate. The thumbs may lie in opposition, internal rotation movements being limited by a fleshy web. The soft tissues of the middle phalanges are attenuated, producing an appearance of digital narrowing and tightness of the overlying skin. The ventral surfaces of the fingers and palms are smooth with few markings, and a single palmar crease may be present. There is no evidence of vascular or neurological deficit, and the degree of physical handicap is usually mild. Radiological examination shows that the bones of the hands are entirely normal.
In the feet, vertical angulation of the talus bone is an important diagnostic manifestation which was present in 10 of the 12 family members for whom clinical information was available. This malpositioning produces the well-known 'rocker-bottom' convex configuration of the soles. The forefeet may be wide and flat with medial bulging of the insteps and flexion of the toes. As with the hands, the severity of involvement of the feet is variable. At the severe end of the spectrum, the fitting of shoes may be difficult and operative intervention may be required to facilitate ambulation.
Other manifestations
General health and intellectual function are normal, as are the facies, teeth, hair, nails, viscera and other bodily systems. Stature is normal for the generation and population group of the affected persons. The range of movements in the wrist, ankles and knees is limited to some extent in a minority of affected family members. In recent years two affected women have had caesarean sections for childbirth; the obstetric indications for these procedures are not known. Two family members have had bilateral carpal tunnel release operations in the wrists.
The family was reviewed in 1995 and again in 2006 when members of the new generation were examined and venous blood specimens were obtained for DNA banking and subsequent molecular studies. The specimens were collected with full signed consent, in accordance with established procedure.
Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes using the salting-out method[6] and archived for 11 family members, of whom six had the classic DTD phenotype. For the identification of the disease-causing variant, whole-exome sequencing was performed for one patient (DTD1.3ISA) on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Illumina Inc., USA) using the NimbleGen V2 exome kit (Roche NimbleGen Inc., USA) for capture. A mean coverage of 34.5 times was achieved across all targeted bases to enable whole-exome variant calling. The variants identified in DTD1.3ISA were filtered for known pathogenic mutations from the ClinVar database[7,8] in nine genes (TPM2, MYBPC1, MYH3, TNNT3, TNNI2, PIEZO2, ECEL1, MYH8 and FBN2) that had previously been shown to be mutated in persons with DA (OMIM #108120).
To validate the pathogenic variant identified through whole-exome sequencing analysis of DTD1.3ISA, 100 ng of gDNA was amplified for exon nine of TNNT3 (RefSeq NM_006757.3) using 0.4 μΜ each of the sense (5'-CATGGCAATGTGGAGAAG-3') and antisense (5'-CTCTGATGAGGCAGCAGT-3') primers in a final polymerase chain reaction (PCR) volume of 25 μl containing 0.5 U GoTaq DNA polymerase, 1 χ colourless reaction buffer (Promega, USA) and 0.2 mM of each deoxynucleoside triphosphate (Bioline, UK). Following 5 minutes of denaturation at 95°C on the BioRad T100 thermal cycler (Bio-Rad, USA), DNA was amplified in 35 cycles of denaturation at 94°C for 30 seconds, with primer annealing at 60°C for 30 seconds and product extension at 72°C for 40 seconds. The reaction was concluded at 72°C for 7 minutes to allow for complete product extension. Direct cycle sequencing of the resulting fragments was completed using 0.08 μΜ of primers described for PCR with the BigDye direct cycle sequencing chemistry (Life Technologies, USA) on the 3130xl Genetic Analyser (Applied Biosystems, USA). DNA sequences of research participants were aligned to the reference TNNT3 (NG_013085.1) sequence using Unipro UGENE v1.14.2.[9]
This investigation received ethical approval from the UCT Faculty of Health Sciences Human Research Ethics Committee (REC REF 917/2014).
Following whole-exome sequencing analysis of a person with DTD, 102 nucleotide variants were identified within the nine known genes that cause DAs. Twenty-one of these variants were described in the ClinVar database, and only one had a pathogenic designation (RCV000009468). The pathogenic variant, identified in TNNT3 (NM_006757.3), is a transition mutation at position 188 of the consensus coding sequence and is predicted to substitute an arginine for a histidine residue at amino acid position 63.
The presence of the c.188G>A mutation in the gDNA of DTD1.3ISA was confirmed through direct cycle sequencing of exon 9 of TNNT3 (Fig. 1, DTD1.3ISA). Following direct cycle sequencing of exon nine of TNNT3 in 10 extended-family members for whom DNA was archived, all affected individuals (n=6) were shown to carry the variant allele, while neither of the spouses (n=2) and none of the unaffected members (n=3) inherited the c.188G>A mutation.
The prototype SA family with DTD is regarded as having a form of DA, and the vertical talus bones that produce the 'rocker-bottom' feet are a prime syndromic component.[1l In addition to DTD, a congenital vertical talus can occur sporadically and as a non-syndromic autosomal dominant trait.[10,11]
The issue of syndromic identity arose when a form of DTD associated with craniofacial abnormalities was documented.[12] In a series of 47 families with either DA2A or DA2B, Sung et al.[13] identified the TNNT3 c.188G>A; p.(Arg63His) mutation in a mother and her two DA2B-affected children. Specific phenotypic description was not provided for the family. The Sheldon-Hall type of DA also manifests significant facial features and a vertical talus; considerable non-allelic heterogeneity was demonstrated in this condition, including mutations in the gene TNNT3.[3]Thereafter, in 2011, Zhao et al.[14] documented five members of three generations of a Chinese family with the Sheldon-Hall phenotype and demonstrated that they had a specific mutation in TNNT3 (c.187C>T; p.R63C). These authors suggested that bilateral vertical talus or clubfoot might be a special characteristic of this hot-spot mutation. The TNNT3 mutation, reported by Sung et al.[13]in 2003, has now been identified in the prototype DTD family in SA. It is relevant that the craniofacial structures are entirely normal in this SA kindred, and the reason for the disparity in the genotype-phenotype correlation is unknown. Nevertheless, the recognition of a vertical talus as an indicator of a specific mutation is a useful concept.[13]
From the clinical standpoint, the detection of the specific TNNT3 mutation in the SA DTD family will facilitate genetic management. These measures could include diagnostic confirmation, antenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling, among others. In the future, the elucidation of the role of the causative TNNT3 mutation in the pathogenesis of DTD could have implications for targeted forms of therapy.
Acknowledgements. Support for the project from the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation is acknowledged with gratitude by PB. We thank Dr Μ Solomons from the Life Vincent Pallotti Hospital for assistance in obtaining DNA from DTD patients for molecular investigations.
1. Sallis JG, Beighton P. Dominantly inherited digito-talar dysmorphism. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1972;54(3):509-515. [ Links ]
2. Hall JG, Reed SD, Greene G. The distal arthrogryposes: Delineation of new entities - review and nosologic discussion. Am J Med Genet 1982;11(2):185-239. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320110208] [ Links ]
3. Toydemir RM, Bamshad MJ. Sheldon-Hall syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2009;4:11. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1750-1172-4-11] [ Links ]
4. Beck AE, McMillin MJ, Gildersleeve HI, et al. Spectrum of mutations that cause distal arthrogryposis types 1 and 2B. Am J Med Genet A 2013;161A(3):550-555. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.35809] [ Links ]
5. McMillin MJ, Beck AE, Chong JX, et al. Mutations in PIEZO2 cause Gordon syndrome, Marden-Walker syndrome, and distal arthrogryposis type 5. Am J Hum Genet 2014;1(5):734-744. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.015] [ Links ]
6. Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF. A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res 1988;16(3):1215. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.3.1215] [ Links ]
7. Landrum MJ, Lee JM, Riley GR, et al. ClinVar: Public archive of relationships among sequence variation and human phenotype. Nucleic Acids Res 2014;42(1):D980-D985. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1113] [ Links ]
8. ClinVar. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/ (accessed 7 September 2014). [ Links ]
9. Okonechnikov K, Golosova O, Fursov M. Unipro UGENE: A unified bioinformatics toolkit. Bioinformatics 2012;28(8):1166-1167. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts091] [ Links ]
10. Hamanishi C. Congenital vertical talus: Classification with 69 cases and new measurement system. J Pediatr Orthop 1984;4(3):318-326. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01241398-198405000-00007] [ Links ]
11. Stern HJ, Clark RD, Stroberg AJ, Shohat M. Autosomal dominant transmission of isolated congenital vertical talus. Clin Genet 1989;36(6):427-430. [ Links ]
12. Kantaputra PN, Chalidapong P, Visrutaratna P. Digitotalar dysmorphism with craniofacial and other new associated abnormalities. Clin Dysmorphol 2001;10(3):171-175. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019605-200107000-00003] [ Links ]
13. Sung SS, Brassington AM, Krakowiak PA, Carey JC, Jorde LB, Bamshad M. Mutations in TNNT3 cause multiple congenital contractures: A second locus for distal arthrogryposis type 2B. Am J Hum Genet 2003;73(1):212-214. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/376418] [ Links ]
14. Zhao N, Jiang M, Han W, et al. A novel mutation in TNNT3 associated with Sheldon-Hall syndrome in a Chinese family with vertical talus. Eur J Med Genet 2011;54(3):351-353 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.03.002] [ Links ]
A A Vorster
anna.vorster@uct.ac.za
Accepted 14 October 2015.
Todo o conteúdo deste periódico, exceto onde está identificado, está licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons
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View Event "ISA International Sign Expo"
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View Event "International Roofing Expo – 2020"
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Minster FM - News - Front line policing could suffer in North Yorkshire.
Published by the Minster FM News Team at 5:52am 10th November 2010.
Frontline policing will be hit by a 20% cut in Home Office funding, according to one of the city's Police Authority representatives.
"The Coalition has even acknowledged that there will be some reduction in Police officers and in PCSOs, but when you look beyond the spin, of course there will be more of an impact on street policing than it is saying.
"The public really respects the job PCSOs are doing, but my worry is that due to unequal terms and conditions, that they will be the first to go. As elected representatives who understand what is going on in our communities, we see how neighbourhood policing works and want to see it sustained. I will fight to safeguard PCSOs, who do a valued job right across our communities".
Early analysis following the Government cuts suggests that for North Yorkshire Police the numbers of PCs could fall by between 100 and 120, PCSOs could be cut by 50 to 60 and other staff by 350, between now and 2015.
Although voluntary redundancies are being sought for police staff and PCSOs, the situation with PCs will depend on the 'shift review' a reorganisation of policing.
"I've concerns that the Government is attempting to shift the burden of funding the police from Government to local taxpayers, which means more increases in the police precept part of council tax and higher tax bills for local people.


BMO Harris is pleased to work with your company to offer valuable benefits and a wide range of banking products and services designed to help you achieve your financial goals.
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text:
Home Featured Homes Common Ground
Aleene Jinn Hang
Sliding doors (visible at far left), which allow for flexible use of living space, can be closed to shut off entertaining noise from sleeping children. Throughout the home, utilities — such as outlets — are concealed in the wood paneling. All window and doorframes are stained Douglas fir.
Photograph by Carrie Acosta
1959 Cape Cod it isn't.
Airy, transparent, and woodsy, the only obvious element this contemporary shares with the former home is their literal common ground — an enviable bluff-top site overlooking the Huron River near Ann Arbor.
Homeowner Jon Carlson, a restaurateur who owns Bastone, Café Habana, Vinotecca, and Commune in Royal Oak, and Café Habana in Ann Arbor and Traverse City — along with other Michigan properties — also owns 2mission Design and Development. So, not surprisingly, he's a man with vision, a trait that allowed him and his wife to "see" what the well-situated Cape Cod could be.
"We had been looking for close to a year and just fell in love with the land and the river," Carlson says. "The house, on the other hand, left a lot to be desired. I don't think it was very high up on my [wife's] list."
Royal Oak-based architect Brian Howard, who was charged with transforming the Cape Cod, said the inspiration was a northern Michigan vacation home, with emphasis on the water. The couple wanted to acknowledge the natural surroundings while creating the feel of a '60s modern home.
Howard says that present-day zoning rules would never have permitted the structure to be perched as it is so close to the bluff's edge, 30 to 40 feet above the river. Current rules would have pushed the foundation back another 50 feet.
Concrete floors and ceiling-to-floor windows contribute to the minimalist '60s-modern look of this Detroit Home Design Award-winning house by HF Architecture. The kitchen table is a family heirloom, purchased by the homeowners' grandparents in Brazil in the early 1960s. The Fil de Fer Suspensions Light is by Catellani & Smith. Photograph by Carrie Acosta
To legally use the same location, the homeowners retained roughly 40 percent of the original house, Howard says. Otherwise, he says, they would have had to push it "so far back from the water it would have been pointless."
Among the changes was an increase in size. The square footage was nearly doubled to accommodate the family of five.
The roof, exterior walls, and floors were saved; all windows were replaced. During design and construction, the goal was to be able to "look through" the home and "create pockets of outside and inner space," Howard says. To maintain the airy feel, material use was restrained and minimal. To change the feel of a room, the team used paint and stain rather than bringing in more material.
Because the family is in the restaurant industry, the kitchen was a natural focus. "We spend so much time there," Carlson says. "We both come from big food families." That doesn't mean they wanted their food space to look like a beehive of activity, however. To control and conceal the inevitable clutter, they requested generous cabinet space.
The finished space is a reflection of their philosophy: More isn't always better.
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Lightening Up
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text:
by Edwin Meese III
Regnery History, Series: The Presidents
Paperback	• 2015 • $19.99
Former attorney general Edwin Meese III offers unequaled insight on the career and policies of his friend and former boss, Ronald Reagan. From Reagan's days as governor of California to his two terms in the White House, Meese was his highest-ranking political confidant—the official closest to Reagan not only through length of service but also through mutual comprehension of the problems that concerned the nation. Meese tells the Reagan story as it happened, refuting many common misconceptions about America's fortieth chief executive and providing new revelations about the Iran-Contra affair, the so-called Boland amendments, and more.
The Heritage Guide to the Constitution: Fully Revised Second Edition David Forte, Edwin Meese III, Matthew Spalding
The Heritage Guide to the Constitution Edwin Meese III, Matthew Spalding
The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Presidents, Part 1 Larry Schweikart
The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Presidents, Part 2 Steven Hayward


text:
Waiting on Hardy: Twins vs. Royals 6/10
MINNEAPOLIS — The bruised left wrist of shortstop J.J. Hardy is reportedly feeling better although it's not perfect, according to Twins manager Ron Gardenhire, but the team won't know more about Hardy's status until he is sees the team doctors around game time.
Hardy will be examined by the doctors and a decision on how to proceed will then be made. It's possible that Hardy could be placed on the DL and if that's the case, shortstop Trevor Plouffe will likely be called up from Triple-A Rochester. Gardenhire said he's willing to wait a couple more days if Hardy will be ready at that time but they'll have to see what the doctors say.
Right-hander Clay Condrey threw in the bullpen with no problems and he'll soon be heading down to Fort Myers; Fla. where he'll face hitters at
extended Spring Training.
The Twins also announced they have signed two of their draft picks. They are 9th round pick, Kyle Knudson, a catcher out of the University of Minnesota and 44th round pick, Daminksy, a left-handed pitcher out of St. Cloud State University.
Royals (24-36)
Podsednik, LF
Jason Kendall, C
David DeJesus, RF
Jose Guillen, DH
Alberto Callaspo, 3B
Maier, CF
Wilson Betemit, 1B
Chris Getz, 2B
Yuniesky Betancourt, SS
Pitching: LHP Bruce Chen (2-0, 2.95 ERA)
Matt Tolbert, 2B
Michael Cuddyer, RF
Jason Kubel, DH
Danny Valencia, 3B
Punto, SS
Pitching: RHP Scott Baker
(5-4, 4.52 ERA)
Tags: Royals, Twins
I think the twins made a mistake on not resigning Orlando Cabrera, sure he's 35, but he's was great when the twins picked him up last year. He still has a good glove and he can do somthing Hardy can't and that's called hitting. I'm not convinced that Hardy is going to amount to much at all, he never did with Milwaukee. Ya he can play good in the field but you have to hit better than 200, when he does come back from a bruised wrist I don't think his average wll improve. How long does a bruise take to heal? I'm not overly convinced of his dedication either, like if he can play or not I don't think he really cares.
By 05111958 on June 10, 2010 8:06 pm	- Reply


text:
Arthur William Hummel, Sr. (Warrenton, Missouri, 1884. március 6. – 1975. március 10.; kínai neve pinjin hangsúlyjelekkel: Héng Mùyì; magyar népszerű: Heng Mu-ji; egyszerűsített kínai: 恒慕义; hagyományos kínai: 恆慕義) amerikai protestáns misszionárius, sinológus.

Élete és munkássága
Hummel egyetemi tanulmányai a Chicagói Egyetemen végezte, majd 1913-ban a bátyja után Kínába utazott. 1913-1914-ben a Nankingi Egyetemen oktatott történelmet. Miután hazatért az Egyesült Államokba, megházasodott és csatlakozott a Külföldi Misszók Biztosainak Amerikai Bizottsága (American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions), amely szervezet megbízásából, immár feleségével együtt ismét Kínába utazott. Ezúttal a Senhszi tartománybeli Fencsou város iskolájában tanított angol nyelvet. Kínában tartózkodása idején régi térképeket és pénzérméket gyűjtött. Fia, Arthur W. Hummel, Jr. 1920. június 1-én szintén Kínában született. Ő később diplomata lett, és többek között 1981-től 1985-ig az Egyesült Államok pekingi nagykövete volt. Hummel barátja és kollegája, J. J. L. Duyvendak biztatására 1931-ben a leideni egyetemen szerzett sinológiai doktori fokozatot a The Autobiography of a Chinese Historian című disszertációjával.

Miután családjával hazatért az Egyesült Államokba, a Kongresszusi Könyvtárban helyezkedett el. Ő lett a keleti részleg első vezetője, s irányítása alatt a könyvtár az ország legnagyobb és legjelentősebb keleti tárgyú gyűjteményét hozta létre. 1954-ben vonult nyugdíjba.

1948-ban ő lett a frissen megalakult Association for Asian Studies első elnöke.

Főbb művei
 Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-1912), U.S. Government Printing Office, 1943

Jegyzetek

Irodalom
Gu Jiegang, 'The Autobiography of a Chinese Historian Being the Preface to a Symposium on Ancient Chinese History (Ku Shih Pien)," Arthur W. Hummel, editor, translator,  Issued also as thesis, Leyden, of the editor and translator E.J. Brill ltd., 1931)
E.G. Beal, "Arthur W. Hummel and the Chinese Collection at the Library of Congress," Journal of East Asian Libraries 74.1  (1984):  7-15.
Edwin G. Beal and Janet F. Beal, "Obituary: Arthur W. Hummel (1884-1975)," The Journal of Asian Studies 35.2  (1976):  265-276.

Protestáns hittérítők Kínában
Amerikai sinológusok
1884-ben született személyek
1975-ben elhunyt személyek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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Bangladesh look for redemption on Pakistan tour
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Gobeshona 6: 'The point of adapting now is to prevent a lot of suffering and economic loss'
Bangladesh, India, Nepal finally to open road network excluding Bhutan
Dhaka city polls: BNP, JaPa, CPB struggle with their campaigns
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CPD: Country to miss 30m job creation target by 2030
Domestic help reportedly commits suicide in Banani DOHS
India offers funds to Sri Lanka in bid to outdo China
Published at 04:24 pm November 30th, 2019
Sri Lanka's President Gotabaya Rajapaksa (L) shakes hands with India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi before a meeting at the Hyderabad House in New Delhi on November 29, 2019 AFP
The separatists' defeat in 2009 was followed by allegations of widespread human rights abuses towards Tamil minorities by government forces
India, anxious to counter China's influence in the region, on Friday offered hundreds of millions of dollars in aid to Sri Lanka as the island's new president made his maiden overseas trip in New Delhi.
Gotabaya Rajapaksa's visit to India just 12 days after he became president is being intensely watched as New Delhi and Beijing compete to control the Indian Ocean and its strategic sea routes.
India offers funds to Sri Lanka in bid to outdo China https://t.co/wV3c4ho0Zl pic.twitter.com/hYKpkKHIer
— CNA (@ChannelNewsAsia) November 29, 2019
Sri Lanka has been traditionally been allied to India but China invested and loaned billions of dollars to the island nation during the decade-long reign of Rajapaksa's elder brother Mahinda Rajapaksa.
After talks with the new leader, India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi said his country would give $400 million in credit to Sri Lanka to improve its economy and infrastructure.
He offered another $50 million to boost Sri Lanka's security and intelligence gathering -- notably after the April 21 attacks by Muslim radicals that killed 258 people.
"A strong and prosperous Sri Lanka is not just in India's interest but the entire Indian Ocean region," Modi said as he welcomed Rajapaksa for the three-day visit.
"The security and development of our two countries are interlinked. Therefore it is only natural that we remain mindful of each other's security and sensitivities," he added.
https://t.co/OHEC0eFjy4
— Harshana Thushara Silva (@thushara93) November 29, 2019
Rajapaksa swept the November 16 election on promises of bolstering the economy and security -- but is a controversial figure for his role in Buddhist-majority Sri Lanka's decades-long civil war against Tamil separatists.
The separatists' defeat in 2009 was followed by allegations of widespread human rights abuses towards Tamil minorities by government forces.
International condemnation brought the Colombo government closer to Beijing, which launched huge infrastructure projects on the Island nation, including the Hambantota port.
In his inauguration speech however, the new president said he wanted a "neutral" foreign policy and friendly relations with all countries.
"India's cooperation is multi-faceted. We will continue to work closely with India to ensure that the Indian Ocean remains a zone of peace," he said as he invited Modi to visit Sri Lanka.
Sri Lanka president warns West investment needed to keep China at bay
Sri Lanka president to call snap parliamentary election in March
Charges dropped against new Sri Lanka president
Uncle Sam and the Mandarin dragon in Colombo
Sri Lanka's Rajapaksa likely to re-boot China ties
Symbolic swearing-in for Sri Lanka's new president
Gotabaya Rajapaksa
Tamil separatists
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text:
Strategy and targets
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Gas efficiency for heating offices - Case study
Sustainability /
News and case studies /
This is the story of a successful case, told to us by Eliana Tius, Project Manager at TIM.
Which problem/requirement gave rise to the "Gas efficiency" project?
The project stemmed on the one hand from awareness that in the last few years winter temperatures have not been so harsh and there have been fewer week-on-week variations with respect to the past, and on the other from continuous research to optimize the resources so as not to generate unnecessary energy consumption in all aspects of our business, not least in the management of buildings where the main energy costs relate to electricity consumption (for the operation of computer workstations, lighting and summer air conditioning) and gas (for winter heating).
Which working group did you create for this project? Which professionals skills were used to implement "Gas efficiency"? Which company departments were involved?
To address this issue, in addition to professional skills specifically aimed at the energy efficiency projects we have "in house", first and foremost the expertise provided by EURIX, the company behind the solutions we have applied, was necessary as well as, within TIM, the support of colleagues in Real Estate for the operational aspects.
Interview with Eliana Tius, project manager
The aim of the test
TO REDUCE GAS CONSUMPTION BY AT LEAST 25%
What proposal(s) did you develop to meet the requirements and achieve the set objectives?
Today home automation is increasingly widespread, allowing us to monitor our consumption in the home and to take action by turning domestic appliances and systems on/off and regulating them.
We thought about applying the same principle to our offices, with a system that allows us to set the time the gas will be switched on based on the outside temperatures and, above all, to vary the consumption dynamically, day by day. Firing up the boilers on 15 October and keeping them on constantly at the same level for the whole winter until March, sometimes including Saturday and Sunday in order to not experience "thermal inertia" on a Monday morning, is an outdated way of handling the matter, as well as being excessively costly and unnecessary.
The goal we set ourselves was to start with a test on a limited number of properties, that were large and for the most part concentrated in the north and therefore with high consumption, which would allow us to obtain, for each one, a reduction of around 25% of the gas consumption compared to previous years.
What was the most critical issue you faced during this project?
Naturally, the new solutions offered by constantly evolving technology apply at best to the new systems, in perfect working order, in real estate contexts that are "simple" and similar to each other.
That said, the TIM property portfolio is highly varied; above all, in the case of very large properties, it is typical to have several apartment blocks that are entirely independent of each other, often fitted with distinct heating systems to which various interventions, system alterations and changes of use have been made over the years...one reason why the application of a solution like this cannot be standardized from property to property, but instead it must be studied and a "customized" solution found for each case.
The most difficult thing?
"CUSTOMIZED" RATHER THAN STANDARDIZED SOLUTIONS
because TIM's property portfolio is highly varied
Working alongside other professionals involved in this area gave me an overview of the issue from a technical point of view.
Eliana Tius
Did participation in this project/work help to expand your professional skills? How?
The subject of gas efficiency was entirely new to me, as was property/system management. Working alongside other professionals involved in this area gave me an overview of the issue from a technical point of view.
As for relationship aspects on the other hand, working in a group, as always, allowed us to test organizational, communication and collaboration dynamics which inevitably enrich the quality of everyone's work experience.
Describe the solution chosen to carry out the project, the reasons behind the choices made and the strengths of Gas Efficiency.
The solution put forward by the supplier to address this issue envisages being able to automatically regulate, remotely (telemanagement) and dynamically (in real time), the operation of a heating system used to heat offices, using the temperature information received by the command centre directly from temperature sensors positioned outside and inside the building.
This way we comply with the regulatory and comfort requirements without however wasting m3 of gas, overheating rooms that are often "ventilated" by those who work in them by opening the windows, improper behaviour that should not in any case be necessary.
We wanted to start with the buildings that "spend the most" (around 100,000m3 of gas consumed per year) to obtain, in terms of application of the Pareto Principle, the maximum benefit with the least effort possible, to then refine and possibly extend the approach to other property cases.
The solution proposed by EURIX, called EOS3, in addition to offering the possibility of constant gas savings, allows property managers to obtain a more detailed overview of the energy uses, ensuring that they need not worry about altering the boiler settings as the weather changes and that they can quickly intervene either remotely or on-the-spot in the event of a fault, and finally (but no less importantly) facilitating the dissemination of a culture of the correct management of resources both among the people who occupy the building and the those who manage and maintain the properties.
The solution proposed
TELEMANAGEMENT IN REAL TIME to comply with regulations without wasting gas
DISSEMINATE A SMART MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES CULTURE IN THE COMPANY
TARGET EXCEEDED: THE SAVING WAS OVER 30% ON AVERAGE
...the gas bill for these 11 properties was "lightened" by 30%...safeguarding the welfare conditions for work environments.
Illustrate the main results obtained with the Gas Efficiency project
The aim, as mentioned above, was to obtain savings of 25%. All things considered, once the EOS3 system was installed in the 11 large properties identified, with different characteristics and geographically distributed between Milan, Turin, Florence, Genoa and Bologna, the results speak for themselves: the target was even exceeded, achieving savings of over 30% on average (ranging from 27% to 57%). In other words, the gas bill for these 11 properties was "lightened" by 30%, naturally safeguarding the welfare conditions for work environments.