text:
Q: How to troubleshoot connectivity when curl gets an *empty response* I want to know how to proceed in troubleshooting why a curl request to a webserver doesn't work.  I'm not looking for help that would be dependent upon my environment, I just want to know how to collect information about exactly what part of the communication is failing, port numbers, etc.
chad-integration:~ # curl -v 111.222.159.30
* About to connect() to 111.222.159.30 port 80 (#0)
*   Trying 111.222.159.30... connected
* Connected to 111.222.159.30 (111.222.159.30) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.19.0 (x86_64-suse-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.0     OpenSSL/0.9.8h zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.10
> Host: 111.222.159.30
> Accept: */*
>
* Empty reply from server
* Connection #0 to host 111.222.159.30 left intact
curl: (52) Empty reply from server
* Closing connection #0

So, I understand that an empty response means that curl didn't get any response from the server.  No problem, that's precisely what I'm trying to figure out.
But what more specific info can I derive from cURL here?
It was able to successfully "connect", so doesn't that involve some bidirectional communication?  If so, then why does the response not come also?  Note, I've verified my service is up and returning responses.
Note, I'm a bit green at this level of networking, so feel free to provide some general orientation material.

A: Curl is fine, but doesnt give much feedback when things go wrong. (As you can tell) wget may give you more information, but as yoonix mentions, Server side (ie webserver error logs) is the place to look.
wget -S -O /dev/null http://www.example.com

You can set hostnames as well with
wget -s -O /dev/null --header="Host: foo.bar" http://www.example.com

A: You likely will need to troubleshoot this from the server side, not the client side. I believe you are confusing an 'empty response' with 'no response'.  They do not mean the same thing.  Likely you are getting a reply that does not contain any data.
You can test this by simply using telnet instead of going through curl:
telnet 111.222.159.30 80

Once connected, paste the following (taken from your curl output):
GET / HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: curl/7.19.0 (x86_64-suse-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.0     OpenSSL/0.9.8h zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.10
Host: 111.222.159.30
Accept: */*

You should see the response exactly as curl sees it.
One possible reason you are getting an empty reply is that you're trying to hit a website that is a name-based virtual host.  If that's the case, depending on server configuration (the site you're trying to hit happens to be configured as the default) you cannot reach the site by IP address without a little bit of work.
You can test that on the client side by simply changing the 'Host' line above; replace www.example.com with the site you're trying to reach:
GET / HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: curl/7.19.0 (x86_64-suse-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.0     OpenSSL/0.9.8h zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.10
Host: www.example.com
Accept: */*

A: Try this -> Instead of going through cURL, try pinging the site you're trying to reach with Telnet. The response that your connection attempt returns will be exactly what cURL sees when it tries to connect (but which it unhelpfully obfuscates from you). Now, depending on what what you see here, you might draw one of several conclusions:
You're attempting to connect to a website that's a name-based virtual host, meaning it cannot be reached via IP address.
Something's gone wrong with the hostname – you may have mistyped something. Note that using GET instead of POST for parameters  will give you a more concrete answer.
The issue may also be tied to the 100-continue header. Try running curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE), and check the result.

A: In some occasions under Windows's WSL. Running curl inside bash will generate the same error and that's because Kasperksy is blocking it from connecting to HTTP/s.
This bug has been reported here.
A quick solution is to disable Kaspersky's protection on the port you're trying to reach on the server (tcp 80 for exmaple).
This is done by going to Kaspersky - Settings - Network Settings - check "Monitor selected ports only" - Select ports - double clikc on the port (80) and select inactive

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The film adaptation of Tennessee Williams' classic play, starring Marlon Brando, Kim Hunter, Vivian Leigh and Karl Malden had everyone since yelling: "STELLA!". Of course, the way we do it is – slightly different. We think the young folks will enjoy it – of course, we've always depended upon the strangeness of kinders. . . . Don't like our version? Shame on you. Get the original here: A Streetcar Named Desire.
Slim Pickens never looked so slim in this Rubber Chicken Players version of the Kubrick classic Dr. Strangelove: Or How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love The Bomb.
Chicken soup is a precious bodily fluid!
William Wallace would be proud – Mel Gibson, not so much. Here's the Rubber Chicken Players version of Braveheart!
Wallace Shawn may love his electric blanket and Andre Gregory may love the ephemeral pursuit of the meaning behind art and life but we love the Rubber Chicken Players version of Louis Malle's My Dinner With Andre.
Hailed as the best film musical EVAR, this cinema classic is now forever soiled by the Rubber Chicken Players!
Moses Supposes His Chickens Are Roses!
Vincente Minnelli and Gene Kelly must be spinning in their graves – and laughing – we hope.
Arthur Miller's classic stage play is given new life by the Rubber Chicken Players.


text:
TAG (***) Gets everyone eventually
Playing right up to his level of talent is Ed Helms. He's Mr. Average Comedy of our time, if one considers the comedy of our time to be slightly below average. I do like and appreciate that someone has to play the straight guy. He is definitely filling that niche.
TAG -2018
Director Jeff Tomsic
Screenplay Rob McKittrick, Mark Steilen
Starring Ed Helms, Jake Johnson, Annabelle Wallis, Hannibal Buress, Isla Fisher, Rashida Jones, Jon Hamm, Leslie Bibb, Jeremy Renner
There is no winning these days when it comes to watching trailers. If one sees enough in a trailer, it makes you wonder if you've seen too much. The Marvel movies have gotten around this problem by including scenes in their trailers that are altered or were never intended to be in the film. A mid budget comedy like TAG is not going to have the resources to do this, but they definitely would have benefited. I wanted to watch this film the moment I found out the cast and the premise. I didn't need to see almost anything else. That didn't stop some executive from showing it though.
The reason I start with the trailer is obvious. Most of the action you see in this film – literally 75% of it – has already been in one or more of the commercials for TAG. The disappointment of knowing where each scene ends up really dampened my enjoyment of what is already a considerably average film. The biggest surprises that are left are in who plays Jake Johnson's father (they look very similar) and the fact that it's still worth watching.
The premise of the story is based on a real life group of friends who grew up in Spokane, Washington playing a game of TAG together. Each year, the whole month of May, all bets are off. The title of the book the film is based on, It Takes Planning, Caution to Avoid Being It, gives a good indication of what could happen in this month. Originally developed as a project for Will Ferrell and Jack Black, it ended up starring the kinds of folks one might expect to star in an average comedy. And Hannibal Buress.
This is not meant as a slight for anyone but Ed Helms.
The movie goes to some preposterous lengths, indicating the participants have more money than sense. Watching the footage during the credits would imply that it's not just bad script writing that would put Helms in a wig, walker and old lady clothes.
Still the film gets to you eventually. No one in this film is horrible, even if no one is really all that funny. Johnson gets the most attempts at humor. I suppose a few of them might work better if they'd allowed the viewer to not see him lighting up for maybe one moment. Still, through it all, he's got some undeniable charisma.
Buress is one of those forces that I suspect is hamstrung the most in a film like this. He always looks like he's holding a better joke in there somewhere. Or even worse, they left his better joke on the cutting room floor. He still manages to give the best lines of the five friends, even in his muted state.
Jon Hamm is one of the most frustrating performers of his era. The humor, charm and danger he presents as Don Draper has only been approached once in a movie with Baby Driver. Everything else comes out muted, like he does here. He has fewer moments of genuine charm in this film than someone who has his obvious depth should. That his biggest moment in this film involves being threatened to have his throat caved in is not the best use of his talent.
His wife is Isla Fisher. I don't ever see her enough. She's willing to do almost anything in the effort of the game, and it is charming but it's also sad, until the end of the film. Fisher has real comic chops and it would be nice if she were in more good films. Spending ones time raising three kids is truly a more noble effort, though, so no complaints here.
Jeremy Renner is the guy who's never been caught. The lengths he goes to avoid his friends is somewhat exhausting and just a little sad. He got the kind of injuries one might get in a Mission Impossible movie while making this film. It comes out in the final product, and might be fun for those who haven't already seen it in the trailer.
Jeff Tomslic has directed one other film, a short with friend TJ Miller called I'm Having a Difficult Time Killing My Parents. I saw the trailer for that, too. There weren't that many good moments in it. But that's likely due to the fact that it starred TJ Miller. He's done more than a little bit of television comedy that I have managed to avoid thus far in my life. I will consider it a wash by having seen this movie.
In the end, I had some fun trying to figure out which parts of the movie were filmed in Spokane proper, which is where my wife grew up. Nothing in the film was bad, if one can consider the destruction of significant sections of a church gymnasium and a reception hall a good thing. The film will be more fun for those who can avoid seeing any of the trailers.
The last five minutes is usually when a comedy has petered out. This one plays the sap routine, but somehow it still won me over. It wasn't necessarily wasted time, seeing this insignificant comedy play out about adults who have better things to do wasting their time playing a kids game. It makes me wish I had spent my youth in more wasteful pursuits like this.
(*** out of *****)
Posted on June 16, 2018 0 By coolpapae 3 Stars Posted in 3 Stars, Comedy, CPE, Movie Reviews Tagged #Annabelle Wallis, Ed Helms, Hannibal Buress, Isla Fisher, Jake Johnson, Jeff Tomsic, Jeremy Renner, Jon Hamm, Leslie Bibb, Mark Steilen, Rashida Jones, Rob McKittrick, TAG
Next Post Adams and Jefferson on Movies: Hereditary, etc…I Feel Possessed
Previous Post The Incredibles 2 (****1/2) shows us the other side

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In this video I take a look at the all-new 2020 Jeep Gladiator. This is all Jeep and all truck at the same time. It can climb off-road or tow when needed. Not only is it capable, it looks great! Have more questions, shoot them in the comments below! Thanks for watching.


text:
Punjab Study
Exam Board in Punjab
Matric Result Sms Code
Schools Dept, HED mull assessment-based promotions
LAHORE:11 May:Punjab School Education Minister Dr Murad Raas has said that Schools Department and the Higher Education Department (HED) Punjab are discussing the issue related to assessment based promotion of students in the wake of federal government's decision. "These are extraordinary conditions, extraordinary decisions are required. Please be patient, will come up with thebest solution," he further wrote in a social media message. It is pertinent to mention that on 7th May, Federal Minister for Education & Professional Training Shafqat Mahmood had announced the cancellation of all board examinations throughout the country in the wake of Covid-19 situation and to assess the students on their previous performance in board examsfor promotion to next classes. The move was received with great concern by the stakeholders particularly teachers and parents of the students who had demanded the government review its decision. The federal government's announcement has also raised questions like as to how the exam boards would treat students who were appearing in supplementary exams or wanted to repeat the exams to improve their marks. Sources in the School Education Department (SED) Punjab and the HED Punjab said the departments were weighing different options and would submit their final recommendations to the government soon. Dr Murad Raas also announced in his message that clarity regarding grades 9th, 10th, 11th, & 12th would be made next week.The news.
MA Urdu. Economics,
Islamic Studies, History,
Notice Are Available
Are you satisfied with our service?
Pak Study House Commercial Area Sector Q DHA Phase 5 Lahore Punjab Pakistan
http://www.fgstudy.com


The CEN-CENELEC Management Centre offers information and training sessions that help interested parties to better understand various aspects of European Standardization. This table overviews the different types of training. You can find more detailed information via the menu on the left-hand side of this page.


There seems to be a core of English errors that are made very frequently in mathematical writing by non-native English speakers. These include confusing "proof"/"prove" and "die"/"dice" and using finite verbs where the construction requires an infinitive, as in "does ... contains" and "let ... is".
Lately I've been wondering whether the frequency of these errors on this site is so high that they are actually being reinforced and perpetuated. A descriptivist might say that at that point they cease to be errors and begin to be a shift in the language. But one doesn't have to be a prescriptivist (if I were, I wouldn't have started this sentence with "but") to think that encouraging people to use language in a way that will be perceived as incorrect by native speakers might be a disservice to those thus encouraged.
So I'm wondering whether we should be more active about correcting these errors, and whether it might be useful to have an FAQ that's linked to from the "how to ask a good question" page that lists the most common errors and explains the correct usage.
"prove" is a verb ("How can I prove this?"), "proof" is a noun ("How can I finish this proof?").
"die" is singular ("Roll one six-sided die."), "dice" is plural ("Roll three six-sided dice.").
The auxiliary verb "do" that is often used to form questions takes an infinitive, not a finite verb. Correct: "Does the set have a least element?" Incorrect: "Does the set has a least element?"
The verb "let" that is often used in formulating assumptions or introducing notation also requires an infinitive. Correct: "Let $n$ be an integer." Incorrect: "Let $n$ is an integer."
The comments to the original suggestion persuade me that this is a bad idea because it will produce an unbounded number of tedious and off-topic discussions like the one about "die/dice".
I don't think that such an FAQ is necessary, though I'm not outright against it.
I think that small spelling and grammatical errors are best dealt with as they always have been - by discreet editing of the post by users with sufficient reputation points.
In my opinion it's a noble idea but I can't imagine its realization. Right now I recalled so many examples of bad mathematical english I'm trying to avoid that I just can't imagine how would it work in real. The FAQ then should have been either damn huge or useless for the most of users who look for their specific flaw.
As a non-native english speaker I can say that I spend quite some time by refining the grammar in my text, but I know that my sentences do still contain mistakes. So if you see some grammar atrocity in my posts that beats your eyes, feel free to fix it. I remember what I've written quite well so if I notice your edit, I will most likely learn what I've done wrong and silently thank you for your kindness.
That would be the best solution for me.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged discussion faq-proposed languages .
Should we have a FAQ for false proofs?


(a) "Auto race track facility" means: (1) An auto race track facility and facilities directly related and necessary to the operation of an auto race track facility, including, but not limited to, grandstands, suites and viewing areas, concessions, souvenir facilities, catering facilities, visitor and retail centers, signage and temporary hospitality facilities, but excluding (2) hotels, motels, restaurants and retail facilities, not directly related to or necessary to the operation of such facility.
(b) "Base year assessed valuation" means the assessed valuation of all real property within the boundaries of a redevelopment district on the date the redevelopment district was established.
(4) previously was found by resolution of the governing body to be a slum or a blighted area under K.S.A. 17-4742 et seq., and amendments thereto.
(7) inadequate utilities and infrastructure.
(e) "De minimus" means an amount less than 15% of the land area within a redevelopment district.
(f) "Developer" means any person, firm, corporation, partnership or limited liability company, other than a city and other than an agency, political subdivision or instrumentality of the state or a county when relating to a bioscience development district.
(g) "Eligible area" means a blighted area, conservation area, enterprise zone, intermodal transportation area, major tourism area or a major commercial entertainment and tourism area, bioscience development area or a building or buildings which are 65 years of age or older and any contiguous vacant or condemned lots.
(h) "Enterprise zone" means an area within a city that was designated as an enterprise zone prior to July 1, 1992, pursuant to K.S.A. 12-17,107 through 12-17,113, and amendments thereto, prior to its repeal and the conservation, development or redevelopment of the area is necessary to promote the general and economic welfare of such city.
(i) "Environmental increment" means the increment determined pursuant to K.S.A. 12-1771a(b), and amendments thereto.
(j) "Environmentally contaminated area" means an area of land having contaminated groundwater or soil which is deemed environmentally contaminated by the department of health and environment or the United States environmental protection agency.
(B) the effect, if any, the redevelopment project costs or bioscience development project will have on any outstanding special obligation bonds payable from the revenues described in K.S.A. 12-1774(a)(1)(D), and amendments thereto.
(E) the failure to include all information enumerated in this subsection in the feasibility study for a redevelopment or bioscience project shall not affect the validity of bonds issued pursuant to this act.
(l) "Major tourism area" means an area for which the secretary has made a finding the capital improvements costing not less than $100,000,000 will be built in the state to construct an auto race track facility.
(2) property taxes levied by school districts pursuant to K.S.A. 72-8801, and amendments thereto, when relating to a bioscience development district or a redevelopment district established on or after July 1, 2017.
(n) "Redevelopment project area" means an area designated by a city within a redevelopment district or, if the redevelopment district is established for an intermodal transportation area, an area designated by a city within or outside of the redevelopment district.
(T) costs for infrastructure located outside the redevelopment district but contiguous to any portion of the redevelopment district and such infrastructure is necessary for the implementation of the redevelopment plan as determined by the city.
(2) Redevelopment project costs shall not include: (A) Costs incurred in connection with the construction of buildings or other structures to be owned by or leased to a developer, however, the "redevelopment project costs" shall include costs incurred in connection with the construction of buildings or other structures to be owned or leased to a developer which includes an auto race track facility or a multilevel parking facility.
(viii) travel, entertainment and hospitality.
(p) "Redevelopment district" means the specific area declared to be an eligible area in which the city may develop one or more redevelopment projects.
(q) "Redevelopment district plan" or "district plan" means the preliminary plan that identifies all of the proposed redevelopment project areas and identifies in a general manner all of the buildings, facilities and improvements in each that are proposed to be constructed or improved in each redevelopment project area or, if the redevelopment district is established for an intermodal transportation area, in or outside of the redevelopment district.
(r) "Redevelopment project" means the approved project to implement a project plan for the development of the established redevelopment district.
(s) "Redevelopment project plan" means the plan adopted by a municipality for the development of a redevelopment project or projects which conforms with K.S.A. 12-1772, and amendments thereto, in a redevelopment district.
(t) "Substantial change" means, as applicable, a change wherein the proposed plan or plans differ substantially from the intended purpose for which the district plan or project plan was approved.
(u) "Tax increment" means that amount of real property taxes collected from real property located within the redevelopment district that is in excess of the amount of real property taxes which is collected from the base year assessed valuation.
(v) "Taxing subdivision" means the county, city, unified school district and any other taxing subdivision levying real property taxes, the territory or jurisdiction of which includes any currently existing or subsequently created redevelopment district including a bioscience development district.
(w) "River walk canal facilities" means a canal and related water features which flows through a redevelopment district and facilities related or contiguous thereto, including, but not limited to pedestrian walkways and promenades, landscaping and parking facilities.
(x) "Major commercial entertainment and tourism area" may include, but not be limited to, a major multi-sport athletic complex.
(y) "Major multi-sport athletic complex" means an athletic complex that is utilized for the training of athletes, the practice of athletic teams, the playing of athletic games or the hosting of events. Such project may include playing fields, parking lots and other developments including grandstands, suites and viewing areas, concessions, souvenir facilities, catering facilities, visitor centers, signage and temporary hospitality facilities, but excluding hotels, motels, restaurants and retail facilities, not directly related to or necessary to the operation of such facility.
(z) "Bioscience" means the use of compositions, methods and organisms in cellular and molecular research, development and manufacturing processes for such diverse areas as pharmaceuticals, medical therapeutics, medical diagnostics, medical devices, medical instruments, biochemistry, microbiology, veterinary medicine, plant biology, agriculture, industrial environmental and homeland security applications of bioscience and future developments in the biosciences. Bioscience includes biotechnology and life sciences.
(3) includes a bioscience facility.
(bb) "Bioscience development district" means the specific area, created under K.S.A. 12-1771, and amendments thereto, where one or more bioscience development projects may be undertaken.
(cc) "Bioscience development project" means an approved project to implement a project plan in a bioscience development district.
(dd) "Bioscience development project plan" means the plan adopted by the authority for a bioscience development project pursuant to K.S.A. 12-1772, and amendments thereto, in a bioscience development district.
(ee) "Bioscience facility" means real property and all improvements thereof used to conduct bioscience research, including, without limitation, laboratory space, incubator space, office space and any and all facilities directly related and necessary to the operation of a bioscience facility.
(ff) "Bioscience project area" means an area designated by the authority within a bioscience development district.
(gg) "Biotechnology" means those fields focusing on technological developments in such areas as molecular biology, genetic engineering, genomics, proteomics, physiomics, nanotechnology, biodefense, biocomputing, bioinformatics and future developments associated with biotechnology.
(hh) "Board" means the board of directors of the Kansas bioscience authority.
(ii) "Life sciences" means the areas of medical sciences, pharmaceutical sciences, biological sciences, zoology, botany, horticulture, ecology, toxicology, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, physiology and any future advances associated with life sciences.
(jj) "Revenue increase" means that amount of real property taxes collected from real property located within the bioscience development district that is in excess of the amount of real property taxes which is collected from the base year assessed valuation.
(kk) "Taxpayer" means a person, corporation, limited liability company, S corporation, partnership, registered limited liability partnership, foundation, association, nonprofit entity, sole proprietorship, business trust, group or other entity that is subject to the Kansas income tax act, K.S.A. 79-3201 et seq., and amendments thereto.
(ll) "Floodplain increment" means the increment determined pursuant to K.S.A. 2018 Supp. 12-1771e(b), and amendments thereto.
(mm) "100-year floodplain area" means an area of land existing in a 100-year floodplain as determined by either an engineering study of a Kansas certified engineer or by the United States federal emergency management agency.
(nn) "Major motorsports complex" means a complex in Shawnee county that is utilized for the hosting of competitions involving motor vehicles, including, but not limited to, automobiles, motorcycles or other self-propelled vehicles other than a motorized bicycle or motorized wheelchair. Such project may include racetracks, all facilities directly related and necessary to the operation of a motorsports complex, including, but not limited to, parking lots, grandstands, suites and viewing areas, concessions, souvenir facilities, catering facilities, visitor and retail centers, signage and temporary hospitality facilities, but excluding hotels, motels, restaurants and retail facilities not directly related to or necessary to the operation of such facility.
(oo) "Intermodal transportation area" means an area of not less than 800 acres to be developed primarily to handle the transfer, storage and distribution of freight through railway and trucking operations.
(pp) "Museum facility" means a separate newly-constructed museum building and facilities directly related and necessary to the operation thereof, including gift shops and restaurant facilities, but excluding hotels, motels, restaurants and retail facilities not directly related to or necessary to the operation of such facility. The museum facility shall be owned by the state, a city, county, other political subdivision of the state or a non-profit corporation, shall be managed by the state, a city, county, other political subdivision of the state or a non-profit corporation and may not be leased to any developer and shall not be located within any retail or commercial building.
History: L. 1999, ch. 83, § 1; L. 2001, ch. 103, § 2; L. 2003, ch. 97, § 1; L. 2003, ch. 154, § 3; L. 2004, ch. 112, § 25; L. 2004, ch. 173, § 5; L. 2005, ch. 132, § 1; L. 2005, ch. 186, § 7; L. 2007, ch. 179, § 22; L. 2014, ch. 119, § 2; L. 2015, ch. 4, § 25; L. 2016, ch. 89, § 1; L. 2017, ch. 95, § 56; July 1.
Section was also amended by L. 2005, ch. 53, § 1, but that version was repealed by L. 2005, ch. 186, § 23.


At NATIV New York we take pride in providing custom designs and limited edition casual separates that transcends cultures and trends. Here at NATIV New York we provide high quality designs for men who are looking for clothes that speak to them in a unique and eclectic way. From powerful prints to praise worthy construction, we take our inspiration from the streets on New York City and translate them into one of a kind pieces that will ensure you stand out from the crowd.


Bolivia's Uyuni Salt Flats are quite unlike anywhere else on the planet. Stark, serene and occasionally eerie, these glaringly white plains can appear endless as they stretch toward the distant horizon. At first glance, they look empty – indeed their emptiness is part of their intrinsic appeal – but a custom Uyuni Salt Flats tour will reveal that there is more than meets the eye. Pink flamingos, rare hummingbirds, millennia-old cacti and bizarre rock formations as well as hotels constructed entirely from salt can be found here.
Salt may dominate the scene, but the most important resource in the Uyuni Salt Flats is actually lithium, a valuable mineral critical to the production of batteries. In 2013, Bolivia's first lithium processing plant was opened on the edge of the salt flats. At the moment, extraction is limited, but with demand for battery-powered technologies increasing, lithium mining looks set to expand here. As for the environmental impact of such developments, only time will tell.
A camera is essential equipment for travelers taking a Uyuni Salt Flats journey as the vast empty expanse allows photographers to play with perspective.
Like all of our tours, these are just suggestions to complement your customized Bolivia tour.
We welcome you to check out some of the cultural, culinary, artistic, ethnic treasures and not to mention the unique wildlife that abound the Uyuni Salt Flats and its surrounding landscape.


This special issue of boundary 2 revisits the 1960s through a global and multidisciplinary lens. It treats the decade as a global historical event, comprising decolonization, liberation, revolution, and movements against various establishments. Engaging questions of history and temporality, this issue illustrates that continued exploration and consideration of the 1960s around the world are crucial to a critical engagement with the present.
Contributors to this issue represent a wide range of disciplines, from Latin American studies and sociology to political theory and literary criticism. They bring a global perspective to the social and political legacy of the 1960s, touching on the Caribbean, Latin America, the former USSR, China, and France, as well as the United States. One contributor presents a reexamination of Latin American armed struggles in the 1960s that foregrounds the relatively positive influence of these struggles on present-day Latin American society and politics. Another contributor translates a seminal essay on José Martí written by one of Cuba's foremost intellectuals in the mid-1960s, when the course of the Cuban revolution was still uncertain. Yet another contributor considers the forces that have sought to neutralize the struggles and negate the gains of the African American liberation movement in the 1960s American South.


For decades, Marvel Comics has been established as one of the biggest publishers in the comic books market. However, many of the super-famous superheroes, including Spider-Man,the X-Men and the Hulk, to have been created by Marvel artists and writers have long expanded from comic books to TV and film, thus becoming globally popular and influential cultural icons.
The official Marvel Comics art stocked by Generation Gallery features all of the above mentioned characters, plus other favourites such as Iron Man and Captain America. However, the art here is about more than just the characters; it is also about the stunning, intricate details of the scenery, backgrounds and other features, which demonstrate the artists' talents.
Speaking of the artists, all of them have made this Limited Edition Marvel art working for the Marvel Comics studio, thus making all of it 100% official Marvel Comics art. This bound to excite comic book fans who get their hands on it.


text:
package com.cloud.simulator;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name="mockconfiguration")
public class MockConfigurationVO {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name="id")
    private long id;

    @Column(name="data_center_id", nullable=false)
    private Long dataCenterId;

    @Column(name="pod_id")
    private Long podId;

    @Column(name="cluster_id")
    private Long clusterId;

    @Column(name="host_id")
    private Long hostId;

    @Column(name="name")
    private String name;

    @Column(name="values")
    private String values;

    public long getId() {
        return this.id;
    }

    public Long getDataCenterId() {
        return this.dataCenterId;
    }

    public void setDataCenterId(Long dcId) {
        this.dataCenterId = dcId;
    }

    public Long getPodId() {
        return this.podId;
    }

    public void setPodId(Long podId) {
        this.podId = podId;
    }

    public Long getClusterId() {
        return this.clusterId;
    }

    public void setClusterId(Long clusterId) {
        this.clusterId = clusterId;
    }

    public Long getHostId() {
        return this.hostId;
    }

    public void setHostId(Long hostId) {
        this.hostId = hostId;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return this.name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getValues() {
        return this.values;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getParameters() {
        Map<String, String> maps = new HashMap<String, String>();
        if (this.values == null) {
            return maps;
        }

        String[] vals = this.values.split("\\|");
        for (String val : vals) {
            String[] paras = val.split(":");
            maps.put(paras[0], paras[1]);
        }
        return maps;
    }

    public void setValues(String values) {
        this.values = values;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Is It OK to Never Take Off Your Jewelry?
Do you sleep in your rings, never take off that Tiffany necklace and tend to wear your favorite stud earrings for a week at a time? So do a lot of people, but did you ever stop to wonder if...
By April Daniels Hussar
Do you sleep in your rings, never take off that Tiffany necklace and tend to wear your favorite stud earrings for a week at a time? So do a lot of people, but did you ever stop to wonder if that's good for your skin?
According to Marina Peredo, M.D., F.A.A.D, Associate Clinical Professor of Dermatology at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York and founder of Marina I. Peredo, M.D., P.C. Dermatology and Spatique Medical Spa in Smithtown, N.Y., continuously wearing jewelry really isn't a big deal -- as long as you clean it regularly and the materials don't irritate your skin.
"You can potentially damage your jewelry by constantly wearing it, but there are no major health risks to wearing jewelry every day, which includes sleeping and showering," she says (unless you're wearing costume jewelry, but we'll get to that later).
Where you can run into trouble, Dr. Peredo explains, is if you have a sensitivity or are allergic to your jewelry. In that case, any prolonged exposure can cause symptoms such as your skin getting itchy, dry and irritated and/or appearing flaky or scaly. You may even develop a rash or blisters.
Also, if that birthday present wasn't solid gold or silver, it might cause a reaction. "Metals that are added to gold and silver such as nickel can be extremely irritating to the skin," says Dr. Peredo. When jewelry like this is tarnished, she says, it turns black, and will also turn your skin black. Sexy!
"Perspiration can also cause a reaction between the jewelry and skin as well as the interaction of certain medications, jewelry and skin," says Dr. Peredo, so wearing jewelry while you work out can be iffy, depending on what it's made of. So how do you know if you're allergic to certain metals?
"A dermatologist can diagnose dermatitis caused by jewelry with a patch test to see if you react adversely to nickel, copper or other metals other than gold, silver or platinum," she says.
Unless your jewels are very high quality, Dr. Peredo recommends taking them off before you hop in the shower. "Costume or 'fashion' jewelry that consists of sterling silver or nickel plating has a tendency to tarnish, and this tarnishing can discolor your skin," she says. "I would advise my patients NOT to wear the less expensive jewelry in the shower."
When it comes to earrings, you still don't need to be worried as long as the materials don't irritate you. "Earrings that have wires or posts comprised of nickel, copper or cadmium can cause an infection in the ears," says Dr. Peredo. "Most people require hypoallergenic, gold or platinum posts on their earrings to avoid infection, so the length of time you wear your earrings has little to do with the infection."
(Does anyone else think this all sounds like a great case for telling your guy you're a 24-karat kind of girl?!)
Whether you wear your engagement ring constantly (not a problem if it doesn't irritate you, says Dr. Peredo), always sleep in your earrings or remove everything nightly, you should be cleaning your jewelry regularly. "Dirt, bacteria, oil or tarnish build-up on jewelry can affect your skin," says Dr. Peredo.
"To clean your fine jewelry, use warm water, gentle cleanser and a toothbrush," she advises. For costume jewelry, Dr. Peredo doesn't recommend using any solvents or jewelry cleaners -- a jewelry polishing cloth should do the trick. How often you should you clean depends on how often you wear the piece, says Dr. Peredo. "If it is daily, then a weekly cleaning is appropriate."
But there is at least one good reason not to sleep in your jewelry. "Wearing your jewelry while sleeping is the number one cause of losing gemstones and wearing out prongs!" says Dr. Peredo.
8 Ways to Prep Your Skin for Summer
The Best Products for Your Complexion
Steal the Stars' Best Beauty and Style Secrets
For daily health tips follow SELF on Facebook and Twitter.
Get SELF on your iPad and Kindle Fire!
Topicshealth tipsJewelrymedical issues
Sign up for our SELF Healthy Beauty newsletter
Easy and totally doable skin-care advice, the best beauty product recommendations, and more, straight to your inbox every week.


Fourth Circuit reverses drug conviction for no reasonable suspicion to seize defendant | Jon Katz, P.C.
Fairfax/Northern Virginia criminal defense lawyer fighting drug prosecutions and all other criminal cases in federal and state court. Since 1991.
Today, the Fourth Circuit reversed a drug conviction for no reasonable suspicion to seize the defendant. U.S. v. Slocumb, ___ F.3d ___ (4th Cir., Oct. 22, 2015). Slocumb is particularly helpful for giving a rundown of cases and their scenarios where reasonable suspicion was and was not present.


text:
Holistic Hypnotherapy
Medical Hypnosis
Wellness Consulting
Spirituality & Healing
Meditation Instruction
Transpersonal Astrology
Holistic Programs
BodyLight Weight Loss
Cancer Healing Support
Stress-Anxiety Release
Uncertainty and Change
What Is Hypnosis
What Is Hypnotherapy
Deciding on Hypnotherapy
Choosing a Hypnotherapist
Spirit Possession
Hypnosis and Behavior
States of Consciousness
Technological Altered States
Biofeedback Techniques
Intro to Quantum Physics
Quantum Physics Exploration
What Is Consciousness
Defining Consciousness
Being and Meaning
Quantum Physics Consciousness
Land of It
Quantum Consciousness
Caught Inside the Wind
Platos Cosmology
Brain Physiology
& the Nature of Reality
By: Mark Bancroft, MA
Thought. With thought we are capable of experiencing our present reality, our past reality, and our potential future reality. Unimpeded by space or time, thought opens the door to time travel and, greater yet, offers the conscious being the experience of I. I perceive and experience during waking moments an inner, subjective universe while my senses provide the building blocks which create an outer universe. The ability of consciousness to function in this manner, to create through conscious thought two worlds (inner and outer) is often ignored. However, it is possible for us to employ the I as an observer and travel back in time to an era where the outer and inner realities as we now experience them did not exist.
In order to "live" in both an inner and outer world humankind had to first evolve through three major epoch's often referred to as the archaic, magic, and mythic worldviews [Wilber, 1995]. The archaic epoch covers the era up to and including the first hominids. The archaic worldview is one in which the individual and the physical world are fused, undifferentiated; no experience of I. The next major worldview (epoch) to emerge was the magical. Because mind and body were relatively undifferentiated, mental images such as those used in voodoo and ritual magic were used to effect the physical world. The physical world, in turn, harbored it's own personal intentions. The third major epoch, mythic, was an era of gods, goddesses, and superstition. Myths were literal interpretations of reality; gods were not to be questioned. Moses did part the Red Sea; until the mental-rational worldview began to emerge. Welcome to the Age of Reason; the fourth major epoch of human evolution.
Rationality became the dominant mode of consciousness. Myths were no longer reasonable. "But "No more myths!" came also to mean "No more ascent!" Since myths were all upward-yearning, "No more myths!" seemed to demand no more upward-yearning of any sort. Understandably, fed up with a millennium or two of (frustrated) upward-yearning and "pie in the sky" aspirations, Reason threw overboard the transcendental baby with the mythic bath water [Wilber, p.372, 1995]." René Descartes, in 1612, made this clear by dividing the world into two parts: the inner, subjective world and the outer, objective world. "Classical science was constructed by the Cartesian (Descartes) method of analyzing the world into parts and arranging those parts according to causal laws. The resulting deterministic picture of the universe was closely related to the image of nature as a clock [Capra, p.85, 1982]."
Reason demanded evidence, therefore that which could be studied and understood objectively took precedence over questions relating to subjective qualities. A worldspace once existing in a universe filled with myths and gods evolved into a reality of objective parts. The work of Isaac Newton established a solid foundation for much of the progress in science since his time. The theories and laws of the universe which emerged worked extremely well for describing the way the universe worked. Perhaps they could not explain why it worked, but at least they explained what to expect. Due to the need for objective evidence, consciousness (the I) was not necessary for describing the outer world. God was to die for in a mechanistic universe there was no need such a being. Issues of consciousness were neatly placed aside, in a box; until something went wrong which would bestow more than nine decades of chaos upon the scientific community.
The insulating shell surrounding the mental-rational epoch, once considered solid and impenetrable, began to crack. In the 1890's a German physicist, Max Planck, began work to explain the workings of blackbody radiation. By this time light was well understood to function as a wave; therefore, the color of light being emitted from hot objects should directly correspond to the objects temperature. Such was not the case for as the heat of an object increased the color (light emitted) did not proportionally change. Max Planck, in 1900, explained the phenomenon by postulating that light is emitted or absorbed in packets of definite size, which he called quanta. Thus light, once considered a wave, was now beginning to be described as a particle, which later became known as a photon. "Evidence for waves must rule out the possibility of particles; evidence for particles must rule out the possibility of waves. They couldn't both be right, could they [Gribben, p.85, 1995]?" This question marks the beginning of quantum physics.
The mysteriousness of light could not be explained through the mechanistic model of the universe which demanded that things have a definite position or identity. The mystery of the photon exhibiting both particle and wave characteristics could have been solved by simply equating it a special phenomenon of light which has no mass. However, by the late 1920's it was clear that electrons, which have a mass of 1/1820ththe neutron, also behave as waves. In 1987 the particle/wave duality was directly observed through the creation of the double slit experiment.
The double slit experiment has demonstrated that photons and electrons do exhibit both wave and particle characteristics. "In the two slit experiment, if the physicist looks for a particle (uses a particle detector), he will find a particle; if he looks for a wave (uses a screen), he will see a wave pattern before him [Zohar & Marshall, p.45, 1994]." Although matter (electrons) behaving as waves and particles exist outside our ability of reason the evidence of the two-slit experiment could not be ignored. The message of quantum physics became clear: the world is not made of objects. The building blocks of the atom were found to exist as both particles and waves depending upon how they were studied.
The standard interpretation of the quantum world is known as the Copenhagen Interpretation. The theory was completed in 1930 by a group of physicists including: Neils Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, and Max Born. "The Copenhagen Interpretation held sway for more than 50 years, from 1930 until well into the 1980's, almost unopposed by the vast majority of physicists [Gribben, p.14, 1995]." The theory maintains that reality exists in the form of probability waves. Physical objects such as electrons, planets, cars, and trees only "appear" due to a collapse of their probability wave by a conscious observer. Without an observer all objects would exist solely in the form of a probability wave.
The wave-particle duality led Werner Heisenberg to develop the Uncertainty Principle which maintains that due to the wavelike characteristic of subatomic entities it is impossible to know both the position and momentum of any quantum object. Mere observation of either the momentum or position disturbs the quantum particle. The Uncertainty Principle has been found to hold true at the quantum level; all matter smaller than Planck's Constant does appear to be effected by our observations.
The extreme subjectivity of the Copenhagen Interpretation and the Uncertainty Principle did not go unopposed. An alternative was put forth by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, which is known as the EPR experiment. This thought experiment set out to demonstrate that the world actually does exist and is governed by hidden variables; a view first put forth by Louis de Broglie in 1925. Simply because one is ignorant of the hidden variables does not mean the world does not exist; particles are real, they do exist and maintain a definite position and momentum.
Ironically, the theory of hidden variables was not seriously considered as an alternative to the Copenhagen Interpretation because of an error by mathematician John von Neumann; now referred to as von Neumann's silly mistake. Von Neumann's work, published in 1932, seemed to give proof that no hidden variable theory could ever describe quantum mechanics. Although von Neumann's mistake was revealed in 1935 by Grete Hermann, the mistake was ignored. It was not until 1966 that von Neumann's mistake was seen and taken seriously. John Bell rediscovered the mistake and finally proved that hidden variables could describe quantum events if non-locality was included. Non-locality was proved to rule the quantum world through the experiments done by Alain Aspect which tested the EPR thought experiment. The profound discovery of Aspect is that any interpretation of quantum reality must include non-locality. "If you want to believe there is a real world out there, you cannot do without non-locality; if you want to believe that no form of communication takes place faster than the speed of light, you cannot have a real world, independent of the observer [Gribben, p.159, 1995]."
The challenge associated with twentieth century quantum physics is monumental. Theories and interpretations for explaining quantum events appear mystical, if not whimsical to the outside observer. Theories such as infinite universes, pilot waves and the need for a conscious observer to create physical reality are indicators that our present worldview is falling apart. "Today there is a wide measure of agreement…that the stream of knowledge is heading towards a non-mechanical reality; the universe begins to look more like a great thought than like a great machine [Capra, p.86, 1982]."
Strong evidence exists that humankind is currently entering the next great epoch. The crisis of physics proves that the mental-raitonal worldview is inadequate for describing our observations of reality itself. Our current language cannot describe that which is observed. This is an indicator that a new development, a new worldview is asserting itself. "A new center of sociocultural gravity is slowly emerging- the Vision-logic information society, with an existential or aperspectival worldview, set in a techno-economic base of digital information transfer, and a centauric self that must integrate its matter and body and mind- integrate the physiosphere and biosphere and noosphere- if its behavior is to functionally fit in the new worldspace [Wilber, p.325, 1995]."
Physics, our most 'objective' and rational endeavor to date, is in a crisis state plagued with issues of subjectivity, secondary properties, andconsciousness. This may serve as a wake-up call for the emerging worldview. Physics did not set out to create the crisis state it is now in. It appears that when a new epoch is ready to unfold it will do so with or without our willing consent. The delivery process will create crisis, chaos, turmoil and disorder when we refuse to let go of our outdated model of reality; when we demand the need for outdated, absolute truths. Knowing what is taking place at this time can be of tremendous value for physics because we discover just how constricting our present worldview is; a worldview which cannot resolve the supposed mysteries of the quantum world. Once science is more fully established in the Vision-logic epoch and the outdated worldview is transcended, we can look forward to literally unimaginable advances, discoveries, and breakthroughs within physics and every other area of human interest.
(back to articles)
Capra, Fritjof. (1982). The Turning Point: Science, Society, and the Rising Culture. New York: Bantam Books.
Gribben, John. Schrodinger's Kittens and the Search for Reality. New York: Little, Brown and Company.
Wilber, Ken. (1995). Sex, Ecology, Spirituality: The Spirit of Evolution. Boston, MA: Shambhala Publications, Inc.
Zohar, D. & Marshall, I. The Quantum Society: Mind, Physics, and a New Social Vision. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc.
Mark Bancroft, MA, CHT
Nevada City, CA
www.markbancroft.com
Article: Copyright (C) 1998. Mark Bancroft, MA, CHT, Nevada City, CA, 95959. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2019. Mark Bancroft, MA. 310 1/2 Broad Street, Nevada City, CA 95959. All rights reserved. 530.274.2020


The irony of Easter is the irony of life- your life.
You are probably familiar with the passage in Genesis where Joseph states to his brothers that what they "meant for evil, God meant for good." God's "meaning" always stands behinds man's "meaning." This is a constant theme in the drama of Scripture, finding its apex in the cross/resurrection event. Acts 2:23-24 states that "this Jesus, delivered up according to the definite plan and foreknowledge of God, you crucified and killed by the hands of lawless men. God raised him up, loosing the pangs of death, because it was not possible for him to be held by it." What man meant for evil, God meant for great good. It was not possible for death to hold Christ because their was a greater "plan" behind man's intentions.
The "good" you experience today (Rom 8:28) and will experience tomorrow is found in that moment in history where what man meant for evil, God meant for great good, and His glory, by absorbing the very intended evil on the God-man, Jesus Christ. The irony of Easter is the irony of life- your life.


The present invention, generally speaking, provides a broad-based solution for acquisition, processing and distribution of media objects including pictures (images), movies, videos, graphics, sound clips, etc via the Internet or the like. And specifically, it is a solution to such systems for use in applications wherein there are multiple originators of media objects that will be viewed in multiple web sites having different viewing requirements. A browser-based prepare and post tool prepares and submits media objects from inside a standard browser to a remote server. A Media Acquisition, Processing and Distribution (MAPD) system receives these media objects, processes them to meet specific requirements, and delivers them for integration into remote databases. MAPD system services include media object submission, processing, hosting and mirroring. The hosting service delivers a media object URL to a remote database, allowing the media object to be requested and served by the media object server. The mirroring service delivers the actual media object to multi-point remote databases to be stored and served by the customer.
This application is a continuation of non-provisional application Ser. No. 13/713,917, filed Dec. 13, 2012, which is a continuation of non-provisional application Ser. No. 12/790,442, filed May 28, 2010 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,392,532), which is a continuation of non-provisional application Ser. No. 11/935,340, filed Nov. 5, 2007 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,761,537), which is a continuation of non-provisional application Ser. No. 10/736,285, filed Dec. 15, 2003 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,313,604), which is a continuation of non-provisional application Ser. No. 09/440,461, filed Nov. 15, 1999 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,732,162). Each of the above-identified applications is incorporated by reference herein, in its entirety, for all purposes.
The present invention relates to the acquisition, processing and distribution of media objects on the Internet and, more particularly, to such systems for use in applications wherein there are multiple originators of media objects that will be viewed in multiple web sites having different viewing requirements.
Much of the phenomenal success of the Web is attributable to its graphical nature. Literally, a picture is worth a thousand words. The capture of digital images has become routine, using digital cameras (still and video) and scanners. Nevertheless, although the handling of images by Web site creators has achieved a high degree of automation, for the average user manipulating and sharing digital images over the Internet remains a cumbersome and daunting process. Piecemeal solutions that have been devised for handling digital images require a level of sophistication that is beyond that of the ordinary user. Additionally, where automated solutions do not exist, time consuming and error-prone human and manual intervention are required to manipulate or share images. Such manual intervention for transferring a digital image may include, for example, first downloading a FTP program, then installing it, then running it and connecting it to an FTP server by typing the server name in the connection dialog, then navigating to the proper subdirectory, selecting the files to be uploaded, making sure that the program is in binary transfer mode, then sending the files. For the average user, such an involved process is a disadvantage.
Additionally, as technologies advance and casual users begin to experiment with other image types, such as streaming video, 3D objects, slide shows, movies, and accompanying sound files, the processes required to share these rich media types on the Internet becomes exponentially more complicated and prohibitive. As the realization of the Internet as an interactive, content rich medium becomes more and more a reality, the need for enabling the acquisition and distribution of rich content and media on the Internet will become the gating factor to its long-term success.
Once specific application of handling media over the Internet is in the real-estate market. It has been reported that over 25% of prospective residential home-buyers use the Internet as a means for locating properties of potential interest. There are many web sites dedicated to this purpose, including major real estate portals (e.g., Realtor.com and HomeAdvisor), national and regional brokerages, and individual realtor or broker web sites, to name a few. To be effective, these sites must provide rich visual content in the form of images of the properties listed. The image content can take the form of a single still image, multiple still images, slide shows comprised of a sequence of still images, immersive images (360 degree views), and video tours. These images can also have audio associated with them. The term media object is used generically herein to refer to all types of such images, including audio and graphic objects.
While anyone can access the Internet through a browser, getting images posted to the Internet is a complicated process generally requiring a high degree of technical proficiency and specialized software tools. It is even more difficult when the media objects are of multiple types (still images, immersive images, video, etc.) and are created by different originators. For example, a real estate listing might include an image captured by a multiple listing service photographer, an immersive image captured by a professional photographer, and multiple still images taken by the real estate agent herself. Add to this the fact that all of these media objects need to be displayed on multiple web sites that will have different viewing requirements. For example, a national real estate portal may only accept still images of a certain size and quality, say 300.times.200 pixels at a jpeg compression setting of 60%, while an agent=s individual web site may require a 390.times.260 pixel representation of the images at a different quality setting. Additionally, different browser versions have different viewing requirements for certain media object types. It is apparent that the problems associated with acquiring media objects from multiple sources and distributing them in the required form to multiple destination web sites are complex.
There are web sites today that offer a subset of this functionality specifically in the on line photo sharing market. These sites allow users to store their personal photographs, display them in a thumbnail or larger view and invite family and friends to view the pictures. These photo sharing sites let users upload digital pictures directly or have film processed and then posted to the web site. The purpose of these sites is to accommodate image uploads from many users within a proprietary system and where the image destination is intended to stay within that system.
The present invention teaches a Media Acquisition, Processing and Distribution (MAPD) system that solves many of the problems of handling media over the internet such as encountered in the real-estate market and photo sharing market. The Media Acquisition, Processing and Distribution (MAPD) system of the present invention has three major components: (1) media acquisition, (2) media processing and (3) media distribution (via hosting or mirroring). The purpose of the MAPD system is to enable multiple users without computer expertise to easily submit media objects that after appropriate processing in accordance with pre-defined requirements, are viewable on multiple web sites.
The MAPD system of the present invention specifically handles image upload within an open system and that system is designed to process and distribute media objects outside of itself, to be viewed in multiple web sites having different viewing requirements such as desired in the real-estate market. Additionally, the system of the present invention is designed such that the proprietary systems used in the photo sharing sites are unique to each web site and are not designed to be deployed across several web sites, markets or partners. Finally, the MAPD system of the present invention is designed to be used by varying and different web sites across many markets and partners. One important aspect of the MAPD system is its API or abstraction layer that specifically allows multiple web sites to integrate the MAPD system functionality.
The present invention, generally speaking, provides a broad-based solution for the acquisition, processing and automatic distribution of media objects via the Internet in a manner that does not require a high degree of technical proficiency. Specifically, the present invention provides a media acquisition, processing and distribution system for media objects submitted by multiple users for viewing within a plurality of destination web sites that have different media object viewing requirements. The invention provides means for each of the originators to associate one or more local media objects with a media object interface within a browser. Means are provided for storing information that defines the media object viewing requirements for each of the destination web sites. A remote server or servers receives the media objects from each originator and, based on the information stored in the database, processes the media objects in accordance with the media object viewing requirements of the destination web sites. In a hosting configuration, the remote server(s) send a URL to each destination web site that links the site back to the processed media object for viewing. In a mirroring configuration, the remote server(s) distribute the processed media objects to the destination web site servers.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, within the MAPD client/server architecture, means are provided for intelligently processing the media objects both on the client and server, thereby enabling a more efficient use of bandwidth.
FIG. 13 is a method called when a new media object arrives at a client site.
The following description describes a system for MAPD that enables the acquisition, processing and distribution of media objects from multiple users to multiple viewing web sites on the Internet. The term media object as used herein refers broadly to any form of digital image or graphical file, including still images, PDF files, video images, audio, slide shows, etc. Although in the following description the submission and processing of still images is described in greatest detail, the same principles apply equally to media objects of all descriptions and apply equally to groups of multiple images.
The MAPD system of the present invention is for use in those applications wherein multiple users of the system have a need to submit media objects for viewing on multiple destination web sites that, in general, have different viewing requirements. The term viewing requirements refers broadly to the various and unique ways media objects are displayed by web sites. Each web site places different technical requirements and constraints on the way that site uniquely displays media objects and therefore allows for viewing of media objects by visitors to the site. In accordance with the present invention, means are provided in the form of a prepare and post tool for each of the originators of media objects to associate one or more media objects with a media object identifier on a locally viewable web page, and for uploading the media object or objects to at least one remote server. A database stores information that defines the media object viewing requirements for each of the destination web sites. Within the MAPD client/server architecture, either on the client or server, the MAPD system processes the input media objects to meet the viewing requirements that are specified for each of the destination web sites. Such processing may take the form of image resizing, reformatting (changing the file format), encoding in the case of video, specifying media object storage location and browser version support just to name a few. The MAPD system then either delivers a media object URL to the destination web sites (hosting service) or transfers the processed media objects to the destination web sites ready for viewing (mirroring service). Specifically, the hosting service delivers a media object URL to a web page, allowing the media object to be requested by a customer web site and served by the MAPD system. The mirroring service delivers the actual media object, or other related data such as a media object URL, to a remote database to be served by the host of the destination web site.
Using MAPD system, end users can submit media objects in an immediate and intuitive manner. No technical sophistication is required. In particular, understanding technical terms such as JPEG, resolution, pixel, kilobyte, transfer protocol, IP address, etc., is not required, since the MAPD system automatically and transparently handles all of these tasks for the end user.
1. A media object is submitted by an end user (originator) dragging content into a MAPD system customer's web page. Media object ID data is also collected.
2. The media object may be pre-processed, such as converted, reduced, enhanced, etc., on the client within the MAPD client/server architecture.
3. The media object is uploaded into the MAPD system with ID information.
4. The media object is processed by the MAPD system in accordance with a profile that represents the requirements of the destination web sites. The requirement data is stored in a database and the media object is stored on a file server.
5. The MAPD system transparently returns a URL (representing the media object location) to the customer's web page. The media object source URL is embedded in the HTML in the customer's web page and returned to the customer's web server.
6. A hit by an end user (requester) to the MAPD system customer's web page where the media object source URL is embedded causes the customer's server to request insertion of the media object hosted from the MAPD system.
7. The requested media object is served by the MAPD system and integrated into the customer's web page in real time as the web page draws.
8. The end user's (requestor's) browser presents the finished web page to the end user.
Transaction flow for the host service may be further appreciated with reference to FIG. 2. Transaction flow begins with a MAPD system customer's web page having embedded in it the prepare and post tool. The prepare and post tool is represented on the web page as a media object identifier into which the user drags and drops a selected media object. The media object identifier may take the form of a Java applet, an ActiveX control, etc. The function of the identifier is to receive a media object, display a thumbnail or visual representation of the media object, and (optionally) perform preprocessing of the media object. A separate component may be used to upload the media object in response to the user clicking on a Send button. In an exemplary embodiment, clicking on the Send button activates a COM component of the prepare and post tool, called the Media Sender, for uploading the media object to the MAD system (step 1).
The MAPD system includes processing capabilities in the form of a "media processing engine" and media object storage including a database and a file system (e.g., file server). When media objects are received, they are "logged" into the database, processed if required, and stored in the file system. As shown in step 2, a media object source URL (IMG SRC URL) is returned to the end user (originator) machine that was used to view the customer's web page. The IMG SRC URL is in turn sent with accompanying form data to the destination web site (step 3).
At the destination web site, a web page is created having HTML that contains the IMG SRC reference. For example, the web page may describe a real estate listing and the media object may be an image of the property being listed. When an end user requests to view the web page (a hit to the web page occurs), HTML containing the IMG SRC URL is delivered to the end user's (requestor=s) computer from the destination web site. The media object itself is delivered separately from the MAPD system but at the same time the destination web page is served (step 5).
2. The media object may be pre-processed, such as converted, reduced, enhanced, etc.
3. The media object is uploaded to the MAPD system with ID information.
4. The media object and data are received by the MAPD system and the data is stored in a database while the media object is stored on a file server.
5. A request is placed in the distribution queue notifying the servers that additional processing and preparation may then be required prior to sending.
6. The media object is processed in accordance with a profile that represents the viewing requirements of the destination web sites and the processed media object is distributed to the customer's web server (second location) or to other web servers (e.g., customer affiliate locations) approved by the customer.
7. The media object and ID information are received by the second location and are processed by the customer's servers so that the ID information is automatically stored in a database and the media object is stored in accordance with predetermined instructions per the second location.
8. When an end user (requestor) hits the customer's web sites that contain media objects from the MAPD system, the web sites and media objects are served from the customer's web server.
Transaction flow for the mirror service may be further appreciated with reference to FIG. 4. As in the case of the hosting service, transaction flow for the mirroring service begins with a MAPD system customer web page having embedded in it the prepare and post tool, represented as a media object identifier. The end user drops a selected media object into the media object identifier and clicks on the Send button, sending the media object to the MAPD system central server (step 1). A return code is returned (step 2) to the COM component indicating whether or not submission has been successful.
On central servers within MAPD system, the media object is processed in accordance with a stored customer profile. The media object is then sent directly (step 3) to the customer's web site servers, where it is stored. A return code is returned (step 4) to the MAPD system indicating success or failure of media object transfer to the destination web sites.
As in the case of the hosting service, at each destination web site, a web page is created having HTML containing the IMG SRC reference. However in most mirroring scenarios, different from the hosting service, when an end user (requester) hit to the web page occurs, the web page and the media object are delivered directly from the customer's servers (steps 5 and 6).
Another implementation of mirroring may not send the media object itself to the MAPD system customer or customer affiliate locations. Other data that references the media object, such as the IMG SRC URL, may be distributed directly to the customer's servers and automatically integrated with web page data. The URL in hosting is returned immediately to the web page where the submission originates. The URL in mirroring is forwarded to another server (second location) not related to the web page where the submission originates. In this instance, the media object will be served from the MAPD system.
Referring to the real estate industry example stated earlier, FIG. 5, is an example of a realty web page featuring the described prepare and post functionality of the MAPD system. The end user (originator) drags and drops photos into media object identifiers and selects appropriate captions for the media object, e.g., living room, family room, etc. The captions may be typed in or selected from menus. The end user also supplies identifying information, in this instance the multiple listing service number. When the end user clicks the Send Photos button, the media objects are processed and transported immediately according to the configuration of the tool and in accordance with the hosting service or the mirroring service previously described.
There are three ways media objects become associated with a media object identifier. The first is through a "drag and drop" behavior where the user clicks on a media object to select the one they want to submit. The media object is then dragged to the media object identifier. Releasing the mouse button associates the media object with the media object identifier. This behavior is allowed in web browsers that support drag and drop functionality. The prepare and post tools enable these browsers to accept media objects via drag and drop by providing the media object identifier as an ActiveX component.
The second way to associate a media with the media object identifier is to click on the media object identifier to browse for media objects, then select the media object of choice. This method is made available for web browsers where the media object identifier needs to be a pure Java component. (Such as "signed applet browsers" like Netscape Navigator). In this instance, the user may be asked to choose a media object in a similar manner as when choosing a file to be opened, either by graphical navigation or by specifying a path name. For example, a prompt associated with the media object identifier may be displayed prompting the user to click within the media object identifier. Clicking within the media object identifier brings up a browse dialog. Using the browse dialog, the user selects the desired media object, which is then placed in the media object identifier. The prepare and post tools will generate a visual representation or thumbnail of the media object, a feature currently not available in signed applet browsers.
A variation of the second way to associate a media object with the media object identifier involves support for older browser versions, also referred to as minimal browsers. Browsers in this category include versions 2.X and 3.X. Also considered part of the minimal browser category are all browsers used on the Macintosh platform. To accommodate complex file sending requirements from within minimal web browsers, the MAPD system implements media object sending through the alternate HTTP channel using the HTML<FILE>element. Once the end user (originator) clicks to send the media object, it is converted to a multi-part mime format for sending to the MAPD system central servers.
The prepare and post tool also supports a batch interface, allowing a plurality of media objects to be batched and submitted simultaneously. Most users who are using media objects work with several media objects at the same time versus one media object at a time. Therefore, it is desirable to submit 5, 10 or 25 media objects for processing and distribution at one time for efficiency without having to repeat steps for each of the media objects. An example is a professional photographer who may need to submit several media objects at the same time to several destination web sites. Quickly clicking and dragging a plurality of media objects for submission with the MAPD system is as easy and efficient as submitting one media object.
The description of the present invention thus far has discussed that a media object can be obtained from a single source or from multiple origination sources and that a media object can be transmitted to a single destination and to multiple destinations. The point-to-multi-point distribution is a key advantage of the present invention. This multi-point distribution may be accomplished using distribution lists stored at MAPD system central servers. Distribution lists stored within the MAPD database provide a way for MAPD system customers to specify which of their affiliate web sites get mirrored copies of images submitted through the mirror service distributed directly to them. In technical terms, a distribution list is a named entity that binds a group of destination web sites with a customer via the mirror service. When a media object arrives from a customer on the mirror service, the MAPD system uses the customer's named distribution list to establish which web site servers (i.e., customer affiliate locations) receive copies of the media object. FIG. 12 shows this point-to-multi-point distribution relationship as it is managed by the service link and the distribution list, as will be described herein below.
Each entity in a distribution list has an associated client profile that identifies the remote servers for the destination web sites, the delivery method and any number of processing filters to apply to the media object before sending. Filters are used to control the attributes of media object content delivered to clients, which are tied to the customer profiles. Filters can also be employed to increase functionality within the MAPD system architecture. The attributes may include dimensions, quality and type of media object delivered (i.e., slide show, video) etc. Filters are applied to inbound media objects or outbound media objects or both and are used for both the MAPD system host and mirror service.
More particularly, filters may be associated with both services and clients. Service filters are applied as the media object is received. For mirror services, the service filter is applied as the media object arrives, before it is stored. As the mirror service distributes the media object to clients, the appropriate filter for each client is applied before the media object is sent. For example, a particular mirror service may convert all images to 320.times.200 jpeg before storing them, and then convert those to the specific requirements of each client on its distribution list prior to transporting the images. For the hosting service, the service filter is applied as the media object is received, and then the appropriate client filter is applied to the result before the media object is stored. Clients and services can share filters. If no filters associated with a given service or client handle a particular file type, then media objects with that file type are not converted for that service or client.
Although media processing will often involve sizing and formatting of images, any of various kinds of media processing may be performed by the MAPD system media processing engine, for example enhancements and effects, text and graphic layering, image stitching, streaming video encoding, producing zoomable images, cropping, rotating, etc.
For instance, in one embodiment, resizing and format conversion of still images may be performed on either the client or central server. In another embodiment video image encoding may be performed on either the client or central server. In still another embodiment, still images are resized by determining on the central server a maximum still image size for all destination web sites such that the still images are resized no larger than the maximum size on the central server. In this case, resizing of the image may also be performed on the client.
Furthermore, although the MAPD systems have been described as having a central server, any suitable server architecture may be used to support MAPD system services. One type of architecture that is complementary to MAPD system services is a distributed server architecture and global content distribution service offered by Akamai Technologies, Inc. of Cambridge, Mass. under the name Freeflow™. The Freeflow content distribution method allows content providers to ensure rapid access to their sites without needing to maintain burdensome and expensive content distribution infrastructure, using a global network of specialized servers and software that controls how content is distributed throughout the network. Rapid access is achieved by moving bandwidth-intensive content closer to the user. Web site performance is optimized by migrating content according to its popularity while taking into account changing network conditions and fluctuations in traffic. The MAPD system may optionally pass information to this distributed server environment or others, as needed, in order to optimize delivery of the media content the MAPD system creates.
Referring to FIG. 6 therefore, a block diagram of the MAPD system network imaging architecture is shown. A MAPD system Media Acquisition and Distribution layer (MAPD system central server) provides for media object processing in accordance with customer profiles, and for multi-point distribution as described. Above the MAPD system Media Acquisition and Distribution layer may be various service layers including zoomable images, streaming video encoding, image stitching, slide shows, text and graphic layering, enhancement and effects, sizing and formatting. The architecture is easily extended by added new services as needed. Below the MAPD system Media Acquisition and Distribution layer is the optional distributed server infrastructure, which may be a global hosting infrastructure such as that of Akamai or any other advantageous server infrastructure partner.
Recognizing that any of various server infrastructures may be used, the MAPD system central hardware architecture in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention will be described. Referring to FIG. 7, an example of how the MAPD system mirroring system hardware could be partitioned is detailed. A cluster organization is followed that uses three clusters, an inbound cluster, a file server cluster and an outbound cluster. The file server cluster is attached to a MAPD system database, or repository. Web submissions from the MAPD system prepare and post tool are received by the inbound cluster. Within the inbound cluster, the MAPD system repository is consulted in order to form a distribution request, which is sent to a distribution queue at the outbound cluster through a remote interface. Within the outbound cluster, distribution requests are polled and processed by picking up items from the distribution queue and building a distribution list based on the corresponding customer's profile. For each destination in the distribution list, a distribution server within the outbound cluster makes a socket connection to the second location and delivers the media object.
Because of the ability to have a media object sent to multiple destinations, the number of outbound transactions is potentially far greater than the number of inbound transactions. To facilitate the transfer of media objects, inbound media processing is separated from outbound media processing. This separation is accomplished by the MAPD system distribution queue. In an exemplary embodiment, the MAPD system distribution queue is a runtime Remote Method Invocation (RMI) object shared between multiple MAPD systems and outbound distribution processors. Referring more particularly to FIG. 8, when a submission arrives for the mirror service, it is received by an inbound mirror processor. The inbound mirror processor stores the submission within the MAPD system repository and adds a distribution object to the distribution queue. The outbound media distributor constantly polls the distribution queue for available items and when one is available, removes it from the queue and carries out the distribution. A single inbound submission to the mirror service typically results in multiple distributions to customer affiliate locations, since the purpose of the mirror service is to allow MAPD system customers to distribute media to that customer's affiliates using a distribution list. Once the outbound media distributor pulls an item off the distribution queue, it is responsible to build a distribution list of all intended recipients and carry out the transfer of media.
A ClientHoldingQueue object may be provided as a holding area for transactions destined for a customer which is unreachable. These transactions are queued as distribution objects until the customer becomes reachable and they can be sent. A ClientHoldingQueue contains a queue of distribution objects similar to the primary queue. It has its own thread to process that queue and it contains the ability to ping its customer as a way of knowing when the customer comes back on line. ClientHoldingQueues are created whenever a normal transmission fails and they go out of existence as soon as they are able to deliver all of their queued objects.
The MAPD system may be realized in two tiers (traditional client/server), three tiers, or, more generally, N tiers. A three-tier implementation in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 9. The three-tier partitioning includes a client tier, an application tier and a database tier. Beside tier boundaries, also identified are IP (internet protocol) boundaries. Communication across IP boundaries occurs, for example, through the Internet using the Internet Protocol (IP). A vertical IP boundary separates client (sources) from consumers (destinations). A horizontal IP boundary separates (browser-based) client from servers.
In operation, submission tools (prepare and post) are used to submit media to a central server where the media objects are processed as necessary, stored, and distributed, either by hosting or mirroring. In the case of mirroring, the outbound servers send the media object to a mirrored client repository, causing the media object to be stored within a mirrored database. The media object is accessed from the mirrored client repository using distribution tools and viewers, in particular web browsers. Such access may be accomplished, for example, through Active Server Pages (ASP) or Cold Fusion (CF) for server-side page generation. In the case of hosting, the media object is accessed directly from the MAPD system central servers, using the same or similar techniques, for example.
Referring to FIG. 10, the principal MAPD system database system entities (tables) and their relationships are shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Appendix A details the associated database tables. The Account table contains primary account information for each MAPD system service customer. There is only one account record for each MAPD system customer. The ClientProfile table contains profile information used to control customer access to MAPD system services. A MAPD system customer will typically have a single client profile, but may in some instances have more than one customer profile, e.g., if a customer has multiple business units, one or more of which subscribes to MAPD system services. The user table defines users with access rights to account information for a given customer.
The Distribution Link table is used to identify a distribution list associated with the mirror service via a ServiceLink record. The ServiceLink.DistributionListname and the ServiceLink. ServiceLinkID are used to identify all the DistributionLink records that are targeted for a media distribution to a second location. Each DistributionLink record identifies a profile (DistributionLink.ProfileID) which identifies the second location for the distribution as well as media distribution characteristics (e.g., filter, applications, etc.).
The Server table identifies various MAPD systems used to process inbound traffic, outbound traffic and media storage. The ErrorLog table records errors in inbound and outbound traffic processing.
The Storage Volume table contains descriptions of MAPD system central server volumes used for media storage. A given service uses a Storage Volume record to identify the server and volume where media will be stored. The physical and virtual paths used to identify the folder location for media items are identified via a StorageLink record in the StorageLink table. The StorageLink table contains physical and virtual folder locations within a given StorageVolume. It is used for identifying the storage location of media items within the MAPD system central server.
The MediaMaster table contains one entry for each unique media element stored in the MAPD system repository. The MediaType table identifies classes of media associated with MAPD system services. The Industry table describes industries associated with MAPD system customers. It may be based on the NAICS industry codes standard.
The Service table describes all available MAPD system services. The ServiceLink table contains associative records which identify customer-specific service characteristics or properties associated with a given service. The Filter table contains filter records. Each filter record defines activities or constraints applied to media. The FilterLink table contains associative records which identify filters associated with a given customer.
Further details concerning MAPD system filters and their implementation is found in Appendix B.
As illustrated in FIG. 11 in general terms, ServiceLinks link an Account to one or more services and ultimately, through StorageLink and StorageVolume entities, to a physical media storage location.
In the case of the mirror service, DistributionLink and ClientProfile entities control the distribution process as illustrated in FIG. 12. When a submission arrives for the mirror service, it is stored within the MAPD system central repository and mirrored to a customer (second location) or customer affiliate locations. The second location and the affiliate locations use MAPD system software, particularly a MAPD system ClientReceiver, to process and store media objects and data. When the media object submission arrives the userID and password are used to lookup the associated Account (1) record. Once the account has been identified, the AccountId and service name (in this instance "MIRROR") are used to find the ServiceLink (2) record associated with the account for the mirror service. The ServiceLink record identifies the distribution list to mirror the submission to. Given a ServiceLinkID and a DistributionName, the DistributionLink (3) table is used to identify the target ClientProfile (4) records used to mirror the submission. The ClientProfile (4) record contains the IP address and port of the mirror site (second location).
The MAPD system communicates with clients to send mirrored media objects through TCP/IP sockets. A MAPD system ClientReceiver is a software agent that sits at the customer site and waits (e.g., on a pre-defined port) for connections from the MAPD system. In an exemplary embodiment, the port is stored with the customer profile in the MAPD system repository and fetched by the media distributor to make the customer connection. Other delivery methods may be used instead of sockets, e.g., HTTP filesend, FTP push, e-mail etc.
In order to effectively use the media objects, to match media objects with customer's databases, customers need to be able to automatically integrate incoming media objects (received from MAPD system distribution servers) into their existing database structures. In an exemplary embodiment, a method shown in FIG. 13 is called when a new media object arrives at the customer site (remote destination web site) via the MAPD system ClientReceiver. The ClientReceiver automatically takes the media object that has been sent from MAPD system central and stores it to disk (i.e., line "String filename," in FIG. 13). The storage location is specified in a properties file at the customer's receiving site. The ClientReceiver also passes the information about the media object (unique ID number, sequence number, description fields, etc.) to a function which can be modified at the customer's receiving location as well (i.e., lines "String mediaGroupID", "String media ExtID", "int seqNum", "int industry Code", "String desc1", "String desc2", and "String desc3", in FIG. 13). The MAPD system provides a function that can be modified to provide the customer's own database with the information the MAPD system passed to the function. Once the new media object has been integrated into the customer's database, it can be immediately used in server-side page generation as a page is requested by a web site visitor.
The function typically stores the media object information in a proprietary database (the MAPD system customer's database). The body of the function is commented out so the customer or the customer's affiliate locations can fill it out with specific instructions (source code to the Java class that contains this function is provided by the MAPD system). The function parameters reflect what was provided during the media object submission using the image submission tool.
1. A registration form is completed that contains standard entries such as an ID, password, full name, address, phone, e-mail, fax, etc. MAPD system central server uses this information to establish a service record(s) for the customer account.
2. Distribution list forms are completed for each approved affiliate or customer server and appropriate information such as IP address to send images to, transformations to be performed on media objects etc. MAPD system central server uses this information to establish a profile for each affiliate.
The profile contains the preferred delivery method (ClientReceiver, e-mail or FTP for the mirror service.) For delivery by the ClientReceiver, the entry contains the IP address and Port for the ClientReceiver.
The MAPD system ClientReceiver is provided to the customer and, in an exemplary embodiment, is a Java application or process that runs on any platform supporting the generic JDK 1.1 or later versions. The ClientReceiver sits on one of the customer's remote web servers or one or more customer's affiliate locations per the customer's designation. When media objects are received by MAPD systems from the prepare and post media submission tools, they are processed according to the customer's specifications as described earlier and forwarded to any approved affiliate locations by making a socket connection to ClientReceivers installed on the customer's behalf.
In the case where the affiliate locations intended for mirrored delivery cannot install the ClientReceiver or they prefer delivery by a different method, the media object submissions can alternatively be forwarded via other methods such as FTP or by e-mail. The MAPD system is set up to specify delivery instructions by any number of methods including but not limited to ClientReceiver, FTP or e-mail on an affiliate-by-affiliate basis. For example, if Customer #1 wants media objects to be sent to 3 affiliates in a distribution list called "PrimaryAffiliates" (and there can be more than one distribution list), tables at MAPD system central may be set up for delivery by ClientReceiver to the first affiliate, FTP to the second and e-mail to the third. The MAPD system can be configured to have unique and varied distribution lists per the customer's instructions.
The following Appendices C and D describe in greater detail the program architecture for the Image Container (media object identifier) and COM (media sender) components used in an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Appendix E is a general description of the ClientReceiver class used in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
transmitting, by a server device to the first of the plurality of remote devices, the first processed one or more media objects.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the receiving comprises receiving, from the client device, one or more files that have been pre-processed at the client device in accordance with pre-processing parameters.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the processing comprises resizing, cropping or rotating content in a file.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the processing comprises encoding content in a file.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the processing comprises reformatting a file.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the processing comprises enhancing or adding an effect to content in a file.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein the processing occurs prior to storage of the received one or more media objects.
9. The method of claim 2, further comprising retrieving the first profile from memory storage in response to the receiving.
a transmitter that is configured to transmit to the first of the plurality of remote devices, the first processed one or more media objects.
11. The device of claim 10, wherein the receiving comprises receiving, from the client device, one or more files that have been pre-processed at the client device in accordance with pre-processing parameters.
12. The device of claim 10, wherein the processing comprises resizing, cropping or rotating content in a file.
13. The device of claim 10, wherein the processing comprises encoding content in a file.
14. The device of claim 10, wherein the processing comprises reformatting a file.
15. The device of claim 10, wherein the processing comprises enhancing or adding an effect to content in a file.
US726147A (en) * 1903-02-21 1903-04-21 Kern Dodge Support for coiled wire.