We're living in an online world that is severely harmed by universal surveillance.
Our every-day lives in this world depend on complex and pretty obscure services run by companies, that leave the ordinary internet user with little alternative to giving up their privacy.
In doing so, they also have substantially reduced our freedom, the freedom to share thoughts with other people confidentially.
It's time to take back this freedom and to have secure communications without the fear of surreptitious intrusions into our privacy. Secure communication is a right, not a generous concession. And it will only work, if you're going to take control over what happens yourself.
Why is it so hard to find a useful solution?
Ordinary users are no encryption experts, and they don't want to become an expert. Secure communication should be a matter of course for everyone.
On the other hand, there is no simple solution for secure communications ready to go. And the reason is simple: a solution is useful only, if it is secure, if it can defend against the numerous threats lurking around in the online world. To design such a secure solution is hard, because the threats are complex and constantly changing.
This fact makes people believe that they have to trust the internet giants to deliver and run secure communication for them, which they don't control nor understand or worse, that they have to send their messages unprotected. And many decide to do exactly this.
The Crypto Bone is here to change that.
We all know that computers we use today are complex things and can be attacked in may ways.
So it is prudent to delegate all the hard work of message encryption to a separate device - the Crypto Bone - that is prepared to work reliably as an isolated, well-designed tool with minimal complexity.
It is much easier to ensure that such a device encrypts your messages securely than your complex computer.
People who have tried to use encryption often find themselves in the desperate situation of managing all the different and confusing encryption keys. Key management is a really hard job and should also better be done by a separate device, especially designed for that task.
These were the two main reasons for me to develop the Crypto Bone.
In short, the Crypto Bone will make your life easier, because it offers you a choice, you didn't have before: to escape the universal surveillance in a way that you control yourself.
This new approach to key management is what makes the Crypto Bone really easy-to-use. For any contact you wish to share messages in private, you'll need to provide an initial secret to the Crypto Bone only once.
After that the messages are automatically encrypted and sent to your correspondent. You won't have to bother about message keys from now on and you can send your messages safely through the Crypto Bone, which takes care of all the complex tasks, you won't spend a second thought about.
But how would you be sure that the Crypto Bone is really secure in its operation?
Well, the only answer is peer-review. The Crypto Bone has been designed to be as auditable as possible, it uses the OpenBSD operating system and one single high-quality crypto library (CryptLib, maintained by Peter Gutmann) as the core crypto engine. And I have invited security experts from day one of the development to scrutinize the source code.
But as far as I know, this peer-review has not happened, yet.
And despite the fact that I have taken any possible precaution to make sure the code does not have any security problems, I cannot say the Crypto Bone is secure to use.
But on the other hand, without a relevant user base, the incentive to take the time and effort for a thorough code review is virtually non-existent.
This is a special version of the hen-and-egg problem, that has to be solved one way or the other.
Well, not everyone has a Beagle Bone.
And, if you're using the Crypto Bone, your encrypted messages will reach other people who might not have a Beagle Bone. And that's why very few people will use this kind of secure communication, yet.
On the other hand, checking the software - and even the core software - for security pays off, only if many users rely on this software day-by-day. Only if the Crypto Bone's user base has become large enough, security experts will take the time to poke inside the software for bugs and security problems.
I try to approach this dilemma by making it easy for everyone to run a Crypto Bone, even if you don't possess the extra hardware. I have developed a software-only version of the Crypto Bone that can be installed on every Linux computer, as RPM and DEB packages are readily available.
After installation of the RPM or DEB package, anyone will be able to use a Crypto Bone within seconds. Think of it as a virtual Crypto Bone, made available on your Linux computer instead of using an external, separate hardware.
Of course, the question has to be answered, if the software-based Crypto Bone is secure to use. Would the software-based version not destroy the main benefit of a separate encryption device, its isolation and independence from all the numerous attacks on your main computer?
In a way, yes that's true, a separate system is always better protected than the virtual Crypto Bone.
There are a number of possible attacks on the Crypto Bone most of which can be defeated with the current design of the Crypto Bone. If the protected message key database is now stored on your computer instead of the separate device, the virtual Crypto Bone has to make sure, that someone who wants to attack these secrets, would need root permission to do this. Of course, its much more likely that an attacker will succeed to gain root permission on your local computer, because of the sheer number of additional software installed, but if someone has got root permission, well, essentialy the game is over already.
In this sense, using the ALL-IN-ONE virtual Crypto Bone is pretty safe if you guard your root account and you can switch to using a real Crypto Bone while you are using your GUI program that controls your virtual or real Crypto Bone.
So why not check out the ALL-IN-ONE Crypto Bone, and tell me what you think.
This year has had some devastating news about the state of the internet infrastructure in store and came with some disillusion about the vulnerability of tools we use day by day. And BTW it had turned out, that Johnny still can't encrypt.
To change that, I've put some effort into developing the crypto pi.
While running on a minimalist Linux OS with only the necessary tools installed, the crypto pi is different both from internet servers and insecure endpoints, and helps Johnny to establish secure communication that is always encrypted, without burdening him with complex tasks that would only make him avoid using secure communication.
The crypto pi is in its early stages of its infant life and although it's working and looking great, it has not got the most important ingredient for a happy life (yet), peer-review.
So I'd like to ask all of you, who think a well-designed, isolated crypto box under the sole control of its user, capable of doing message encryption reliably, may improve the situation we're facing today, to give a hand and scrutinize the design and implementation of the crypto pi. Let's make the crypto pi a success in 2015, together.
Johnny's endpoint device is not trustworthy, as it runs all kinds of complex programs that are prone to attack the secrets on his device without notice in unforeseeable ways.
Apart from feeding the crypto pi with the initial secret and an email address of the recipient (by filling out a form) Johnny has nothing to do with key management, but will be able to verify that message encryption has been performed.
All secrets are stored on the crypto pi and messages leave the crypto pi AES-encrypted with a strong randomly generated key. The crypto pi does not use public key cryptography, there is no PKI nor CAs involved.
Johnny uses one single secret that he alone knows to establish an encrypted tunnel to the crypto pi over which he interacts with the web server on the crypto pi to read and write messages.
The local network in which the crypto pi works is not trustworthy, so all information that originates from the crypto pi is encrypted and only encrypted information that enters the crypto pi will be processed inside.
Although desirable, ensuring anonymity is not a pre-requisite of the crypto pi's design (at the moment).
All source code is licensed under GPL.
Fortunately, the crypto pi has a home (crypto-pi.com) where you can get more detailed information about its fundamental concepts and implementation. Make sure, your criticism and constructive suggestions will be used to improve this project.
Obviously, the real-world advice "Don't tell anyone!" wouldn't work in the online world, because you have to use your secret to log into a web service and to access private information after login. Using your secret often and still keeping it private, so only you can use it, that is the challenge all web applications must live up to.
And many fail in this regard.
Let's assume you will be using an online application to read personal information, that is meant for your eyes only, then your secret will be used at some point to encrypt the private information in order to protect it.
Let's assume, there is a reliable standard solution in place (SSL/TLS) that protects your secret while it travels safely from your browser to the web server, it is the secret's life after having arrived at the server that is really difficult to secure. But I'll show you exactly what it takes to protect your secret while it is used by an online application.
Well, you've already provided your secret to log in, why can it be used to grant you exclusive access to some private information ten minutes later?
The answer is, because it is stored somewhere, and that's where things get pretty tricky.
Your secret must be stored in the server's memory, otherwise it would be impossible to decrypt protected information you want to read. The safest way to keep your secret private is to make the server forget it after it has been used. This would turn out to be a major nuisance for you, as the server has to ask you again and again to resubmit your secret if you decide to read a different piece of information that has to be decrypted.
To save you the hassle of entering your secret again and again web applications tend to introduce a mechanism to store your secret for a while to make your life easier. Nice idea, isn't it? But the place where your secret is being stored, as well as the length of this while makes quite a big difference when it comes to protecting your secret.
You might think that storing your secret unprotected in the server's file system is the worst idea a web application could possibly come up with? Actually, it's quite easy to let your secret end up in files that are not being deleted properly. In particular, when a web application adds your secret to the PHP $_SESSION variable, it will be stored in the file system, inevitably. How could anyone come up with such a hazardous security design choice? Well. ask your favourite web application developer and listen carefully to what his justification will be, in case you get an answer at all.
By now, I hope I've made it clear that instead of storing your secret on the server, something has to move from your browser to the server to enable the decryption of your protected information, when decryption is actually required.
This "something" must be derived from your login secret and its lifetime must be limited, and under no circumstances must this something end up anywhere, except in memory when the process of decryption needs it.
As I said previously, you will rely on the existence of a safe tunnel between your browser and the server, because this "something" must be resubmitted many times during an online session. If you wonder if there is such a reliable encrypted tunnel, I have discussed issues with the HTTPS protocol in a separate posting here.
Before you actually start to pick your brain on how to establish such a secret-protecting mechanism for your own web application, let me tell you that you can see all the details in a demonstration web application, I have developed to show how protecting a secret is done properly.
I will briefly outline the details of my secure web application demo. Within the demo, you can enter text and encrypt it to be stored in a file, and you can also read the plain text content after decryption. The demo's main purpose is to demonstrate that your login secret can be used to create a cookie in your browser that enables the use of a RSA private key which is stored in encrypted form in the server's file system.
Without the cookie, provided by the browser, the server will not be able to use the RSA private key, as it's stored encrypted. In case an attacker manages to read files on the server, your private information is still secure, because the crucial part, a secret that comes from outside the server is still missing, and the attacker's attempts to decrypt your files will fail.
So anyone who thinks about storing sensitive information in the PHP $_SESSION variable is advised to look at the code and see how the secret is being handled in the secure web application demo. The code is designed to make sure, that the secret information is being encrypted before it is added to the $_SESSION variable, and most importantly, that the key needed to use this information always comes from outside the server.
It's the only way to keep an online secret, over time.
If you wish to use this code to secure your own web application, that's fine, the code is licensed under the GPL. Just learn from the code and make sure you include a decent authentication mechanism, as this is only a demonstration for one single user.
First, it checks whether or not HTTPS is being used. If not, the app dies immediately, there is no way to keep a secret without using HTTPS.
Secondly, if you're not logged in, the app asks for your secret and uses it to decrypt the RSA private key, preparing the RSA private key to be used in memory. The RSA private key will be destroyed a split second later. Now, a fresh randomly chosen 128 bit session key is created and will be used to AES-encrypt the RSA private key again. This protected key can now be added to the $_SESSION variable. It wouldn't be of any use without the session key, so it doesn't matter if it ends up in the file system.
After wiping the RSA private key from memory, the web app makes sure that the session key leaves the server as soon as possible. Thus the session key (the "something") will be transferred via HTTPS to the user's browser and stored in a cookie. At this point the encrypted RSA key (in $_SESSION) and the cookie are separated and the server as well as the user possess only half of the information necessary to use the RSA key later again.
Every time a decryption of personal data takes place on the server, the combination of the user's cookie and the server's $_SESSION information is necessary to recover the RSA private key in memory to make decryption possible.
For demonstration purposes the decrypted personal information will replace the encrypted information in the file to emulate a mini cloud application. It might depend on the purpose of your own web application, whether it's safer to display the decrypted information to the user in a separate browser window instead.
At the bottom of the demo's screen there are buttons that allow you to inspect the content of the PHP $_SESSION variable and the contents of session files stored by PHP directly as well as the source code of the secure web application.
Have a look, and tell me what you think.
Despite the fact that Microsoft have abused the term "secure boot" for a long time to regain exclusive control over a computer's boot process, there are some very good reasons for improving the Linux boot sequence to meet privacy concerns. I will insist to call one of these improvements secure boot.
I've developed a secureboot Linux package that basically makes an encrypted container available during the boot process, so that confidential user data can be locked inside this container in one big encrypted file. This package is available as RPM for RedHat-like Linux systems and as a DEB package for all the others as well.
You might think that there is already such an option, as many Linux distributions offer "encrypt my files" or allow to encrypt entire disk partitions. Of course there is nothing wrong with these tools, it might just be what you are looking for.
In my opinion there is still a need to handle encrypted containers separately, because encrypting a whole partition does not distinguish between sensitive data on the one hand and a whole bunch of publicly known files that don't need protection on the other hand. After a while sensitive data tends to spread over the whole file system and it is very important to confine valuable data into one spot, the one single, encrypted container.
And it helps to make your backups much simpler, as you don't have to worry about your essential data being lost. All you need to recover a broken system lives inside your big encrypted file. Once you have a copy of your container - on a portable hard disk, your smartphone or in the cloud - with a fresh, clean Linux system on new hardware you'll be up and running in no time when you are able to mount your container into your new file system and everything is in place again.
If you're traveling a lot, the benefits of a single encrypted container are obvious. You can even travel without your files and your own hardware knowing that you'll be able to download a smaller version of your big file containing the essential part of your data you'll need at your destination from the cloud.
No more worries about your files being seized or stolen on your journey or being concerned about accidental damage to your laptop by the airport x-ray or bumping of your hardware in flight.
For a time there was only speculation how backdoors are being implanted to weaken encryption and to subvert trust in secure online communication.
This has all changed with the latest revelations about NSA's advanced spying capabilities, a catalogue of ready-made backdoor tools for almost everything.
There are a number of requirements a good backdoor has to meet to become an efficient surveillance tool for the NSA and other like-minded organisations.
First, and most importantly, it has to work quietly and must not be easily detectable.
This excludes everything with a noticeable impact on the usual functionality of a computer system. Side-channels are perfect for this purpose, as they leak sensitive information about encryption keys to an attacker mainly unnoticed. Anyone looking for signs of huge impact is looking in the wrong place.
Then, backdoors must hide as innocently as possible. For someone looking for vulnerabilities in computer systems a deliberate backdoor must look like an innocent mistake and the knowledge about its existence need to be kept secret by those few people that need to exploit the backdoor.
Fortunately, this is what has gone fundamentally wrong with the catalogue of backdoor tools. A backdoor known to the public, is of far less use, as people can and hopefully will make informed decisions and try to avoid risks, if they have a choice, of course.
An interesting example how a crypto standard can be weakened deliberately came with the DUAL-EC-DRBG random number generator. Random numbers are essential for the security of every crypto system, so if the output of a random number generator is predictable, the system is essentially broken.
There is a very knowledgeable video in which Professor Edward Frenkel explains how influencing a standard can put someone with intimate knowledge into the pole position when it comes to subverting an encryption process. What the NSA did was persuading the crypto community through NIST to use two large numbers that look totally random to everyone except the NSA to produce secret keys for email encryption. So they didn't actually break the encryption algorithm but they could figure out which key was being used after having observed some output of the random number generator they had backdoored.
For years this backdoor remained undetected because it was a perfect example for an innocent, helpful act of benevolence to provide the two numbers through an approved standard.
With the publication of the backdoor tool catalogue there is evidence that for a number of years the NSA and others have implanted backdoors in almost every device they could get their hands on.
One of the most prominent targets have been Dell PowerEdge and HP Proliant servers, whose BIOS code has been abused to load spy-software into those machines. The BIOS is a pretty nice place to hook the implant as it will periodically be activated and thus will survive any operating system upgrade. The NSA calls this a "Persistent Backdoor" (PBD) which has been inserted into Huawei and Juniper firewalls and routers at the BIOS level as well.
As a consequence, most of the internet infrastructure can be seen as potentially compromised.
But there are similar attacks on hard drives, that provide BIOS-like firmware that can be modified to insert a backdoor. Infected hard drives will first execute spy-software before resuming with the original operating system boot process, as the malicious code has been loaded into the hard drive's "Host Protected Area".
The list continues with mobile phone BIOS exploits and even a GSM tower that is used to provide a "GSM Telephone Tripwire" to the NSA. The list goes on.
By now it's evident that these activities have seriously damaged the internet infrastructure and have irreversibly subverted the trust in that infrastructure. The damage done is that this surveillance and subversion has made the internet less secure for all of us.
To change the whole situation, I won't put much hope in the inevitable efforts to harness the power of those organisations gone mad, because if proper and effective oversight will ever happen, it won't undo the damage, making exploitation easier for others who won't be impressed by NSA oversight.
Likewise, I don't like the conclusion that, given the current situation, we have to go on without any trust at all. Accepting that there will never be any trust in the internet smells too much like surrendering important values, which we shouldn't do as a society, because trust is the fabric on which progressive developments are founded.
And surveillance in itself is not the final purpose, it simply helps to manipulate people and finally leads to controlling them in a subtle way. Implanting a backdoor does not stop at snooping, after all it is the attempt to control my computer and to coerce me as a person to - unknowingly - do something I don't want to do. It is an attempt to own my will, to take away my freedom. And this is not acceptable.
Life without encryption is possible, but it makes no sense.
It's not enough to demand an end to this blatant attack on our online security. We need to look for solutions that work against these threats. This won't be an easy task, because we have do find out practically which systems and procedures can be trusted and which cannot.
There's clearly a need for more transparency and proven methods to make sure our software works reliably the way we expect it to work. I think the justifications for using proprietary security solutions are gone. Even though it is not enough, demanding that security solutions always be open source is a necessary requirement.
And we as a society have to spend considerably more effort to scrutinize and validate the security mechanisms we have found to work for us. We have to take a stand for the position that secure solutions matter, no matter how indifferent or ignorant other people around us go ahead with their online lives.
Following the allegations that the NSA is capable of reading encrypted communications many people wonder if using HTTPS is beyond help. Is any trust left in HTTPS at all?
And we're not talking about forged certificates. The question is whether or not the encryption built into HTTPS can be circumvented and if so, whether or not there is a cure.
the NSA monitors the internet traffic to an extend, that interesting activity of individual users can be identified. By storing fingerprints of interesting HTTPS requests in large databases the NSA can trigger their activities by those fingerprints and is able to react to individual user's actions.
The NSA can redirect HTTPS traffic to a set of their own (quantum) servers, which are located at the core backbone of the internet and they can use their quantum servers to impersonate ordinary websites to launch an infection attack on a user's browser and computer system.
This is possible, because NSA's quantum servers are based at a privileged position on the internet backbone, so they can react much faster to a HTTPS request than the legitimate website does. This speed advantage is being used to prevent the browser to build a connection with the original, legitimate website. Think of this as a better version of DNS spoofing without altering the IP.
Once the traffic has been redirected to quantum servers, these servers launch a variety of pre-arranged attacks against the user's computer system exploiting vulnerabilities of the OS and installed applications to download more pre-fabricated, NSA-prepared payloads of infecting code that help to compromise the computer system long-term. These activities read pretty much like a sophisticated version of what you'll expect from the ordinary, criminal malware industry that bothers internet users for the last couple of years.
All this sounds scary enough to fuel severe concerns about the online security of every single individual using the internet. But let me focus on the security of HTTPS for a moment.
How would someone who has this kind of abilities use it to make HTTPS traffic insecure?
I'll try to find an answer to this question, because if HTTPS is beyond help, we've lost one of the foundations on which trust in the internet age is being build.
Using HTTPS should make sure that the browser we use is actually connected to the website we intend to visit and after connecting to the intended server, a reliably encrypted connection should make the transfer of information between the browser and the server inaccessible for everyone, except to the endpoints of the connection.
The two tools to achieve this are digital signatures and strong symmetric ciphers which are built into the HTTPS protocol.
In order to find out what a gifted agency can do to harm the HTTPS data transmission, I'll take you to follow a process of informed guessing on what's going on in the first few milliseconds of an HTTPS connection as described by Jeff Moser in the year 2009.
When a browser contacts say Google via https, NSA's Quantum computers will use their speed advantage to modify the HTTPS handshake process which is performed in the clear before any kind of cryptography is being applied. Essentially, there are two pieces of information that have to be sent back to the victim's browser in the server hello packet, which can make a difference if modified. First, the server picks the encryption method that will eventually be used, and at this point the NSA can pick one of the weaker algorithms (ie. RC4-MD5) and secondly, the server certificate has to be sent to the browser. While choosing a weak encryption algorithm is easy, the certificate has to stand the test of the browser.
These server certificates were introduced to prevent anyone to sneak into the connection by attaching digital signatures to the information being exchanged. But checking the validity of such a digital signature relies entirely on the trustworthiness of the server certificate that's presented in the handshake dance between the browser and the quantum server dressed as Google. All the browser can do to check the server certificate is to use another public key from its built-in database, which is maintained by Mozilla. Roughly 20 percent of the institutions (CAs) in this database use a public key of only 1024 Bits. I found some 22 of the 116 CA public keys on a CentOS installation (2010) and 20 of 131 on Fedora (2012).
This raises the question, if one of these CAs might have co-operated with the NSA as far as to issue a sub-CA certificate signed with one of these minimal-length RSA keys, which would enable the agency to fabricate fake server certificates for any server they like, because this would extend the trust-chain of SSL certificates right into the proper NSA department. On the other hand, they might have been successful in factoring one of these 20 public key moduli to use the secret key directly, 1024 bit is not out of reach for a committed attempt to gain the ability to sign server certificates.
Forging a Google server certificate might sound risky, and you can be sure that the NSA will do its very best to avoid all risks of being caught in the act. But bear in mind that such a forged server cert will only be presented to one victim's browser at a time. All the rest of the internet community will get the real thing from Google, because the quantum servers only kick in when a trigger indicates that an interesting target is building up a connection. The victim might be able to reproduce signs of a forgery, the internet community as a whole will not notice anything strange.
Anyway, without a success at this step, no-one would be able to read the pre-master secret the victim's browser will send encrypted with the server's public key from the certificate. If the agency cannot modify certificates that stand the browser test, they will only be able to act as a kind of relay proxy to the real Google server, being able to record the encrypted traffic for later scrutiny.
Given that there has not been any certificate modification, what can be gained by selecting a weak encryption method in the HTTPS handshake?
Well, maybe the most important achievement is switching off the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange which would make things more difficult for the agency. But then there is the problem of attacking RC4. How difficult is that?
Certainly, RC4 has its weaknesses, but its hard to say if there is a feasible attack under real-world conditions, when RC4 is used as it should be. Known attacks on RC4 today usually rely on a very large number of encryptions of the same plain text, a condition that isn't met by real-world use of RC4 in encrypted internet traffic. But it's certainly much easier to tackle RC4 than any of the strong encryption methods like AES with 256 bit keys.
As we've seen the server hello packet determines the final selection of the encryption method used by HTTPS. When you look at your browser's list of supported ciphers you'll see 48 different encryption methods from DHE-DSS-AES-256-SHA down to RSA-RC4-40-MD5.
Some of them are disabled (set to false) because they use desperately short key lengths from 56 bits to 40 bits or no encryption at all.
But RSA with RC4 using 128 bit keys and the outdated MD5 hash function is still a choice the Firefox browser will be happy to play with.
You can use the right mouse button to toggle the boolean value to false to tell your browser not to use this encryption suite any longer, but I doubt this user setting will survive a browser update.
So, what can the web server actually do to improve HTTPS security, as it's the web server's choice that eventually determines the encryption mechanisms that will be used.
In his famous quote about the quality of encryption Edward Snowdon highlighted the importance of the endpoints (the web server and the user's computer) being secure.
In view of the NSA's attack capabilities one can imagine that maintaining endpoint security on the user's side is the hardest job. For that reason it might be prudent to focus on how to configure the web server to use only strong cryptography and to get rid of the weaker encryption methods.
I think, the majority of web servers are currently using this default setting, provided within the apache package. What does all this mean?
first, remove from consideration any ciphers that do not authenticate, i.e. for SSL only the Anonymous Diffie-Hellman ciphers. Next, use ciphers using RC4 and RSA. Next include the high, medium and then the low security ciphers. Finally pull all SSLv2 and export ciphers to the end of the list.
The default will generate a list of all 50 different encryption suites, with the weakest export ciphers at the end. Because RSA-RC4 is top of the list, it gets automatically selected during the handshake process.
I wonder how many browsers would play nicely with such a setting, but in fairness, it doesn't seem unreasonable to me to request using strong cryptography from a browser, in light of the prevailing attempts to undermine our online security on a global scale.


text:
The Ministry of Health was a government ministry of Southern Rhodesia first established in 1948, with the establishment of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland the responsibility for health was a federal responsibility from 1954 to 1963. The ministry returned to Southern Rhodesia from 1963 with the end of the Federation and then Rhodesia from the country's self-proclaimed independence in 1965 to 1979, when the country transitioned from white minority rule to the multiracial democracy of Zimbabwe.

List of Ministers of Health

References

Rhodesia
Ministries established in 1965
Ministries disestablished in 1979
1965 establishments in Rhodesia
1979 disestablishments in Rhodesia
Health

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


State educational institution of higher professional education "State University of Bashkiria"
To find solutions to some of the fundamental problems in micro- and nano-scaled hydro-gas-dynamics and their practical applications in solution of relevant applied problems.
2. To develop advanced algorithms for solution of some of the fundamental problems in micro- and nano-scaled hydro-gas-dynamics and implement them using highly efficient computers.
The project results may be used for practical solution of problems existing in the nuclear, petrochemical, and chemical industry sectors, as well as certain environmental problems.
Professor of mechanical engineering at the Center of Nanotechnologies and Engineering Systems at the University of North Dakota (USA).
- Focusing of aerosol beams in micro-capillaries and their application in microelectronics.
- Recipient of the "Researcher of the Year" award from the College of Construction and Architecture of the University of North Dakota (2006).


text:
Foo Fighters, Mumford & Sons Top MTV's Musical March Madness
Evanescence and the Black Keys also grab #1 seeds in MMM 2012. Vote for your favorites now!
James Montgomery 03/09/2012
It's back! MTV's third annual Musical March Madness tips off today (March 12), pitting the 64 bands that matter most against each other in a bracket-battle to the death (OK, no one actually dies, but we're rolling here). And like in previous years, your votes determine who advances on — and who will ultimately hoist the big gold trophy when the tournament ends April 3.
Can Green Day repeat as MMM champs? Will perennial powerhouses My Chemical Romance, 30 Seconds to Mars and Paramore finally make it to the top of the mountain? Or will 2012 bring us another unheralded winner, a la Coheed and Cambria in 2010? All of these questions — and more — will be answered in the coming weeks, as the drama and majesty that is Musical March Madness plays out before our very eyes.
But enough hyperbole — let's get to the action! Voting in all first-round matchups is now live in our interactive bracket, and runs until midnight ET Sunday. You can help your favorite band advance by downloading one of our MMM badges below (they look smashing on any social profile), or by spreading the word via Twitter, using the hashtag #MMM.
Who will reign supreme? Well, it's up to you. But let's take a look at the 64 bands that will compete for the 2012 MMM title!
The #1 Seeds
The Black Keys: Riding high thanks to back-to-back breakout albums and a sold-out U.S. arena tour, the Keys nab the top seed in the always-competitive Midwest region. Will playing close to their spiritual home of Akron, Ohio, be enough to guide the dynamic duo all the way to the Final Four? They'll have their work cut out for them, but with their bruising inside-out game and rebound-grabbing prowess (Carney's height advantage makes him a beast on the boards), they're poised for a deep tournament run.
The Foo Fighters: They grabbed a #1 last year, based on the power and prowl of their Wasting Light album, but were upset in the second round by Disturbed. Now they're back, with an armload of Grammys and a desire for revenge. Can the Foos run the table in the very dangerous West region? We wouldn't bet against them, especially given the veteran leadership of floor general Dave Grohl, the man who makes it all happen. He's like Tyshawn Taylor, only with facial hair.
Mumford & Sons: Newcomers to the MMM tourney, Mumford grab the #1 seed in the erudite East region, thanks to the continued success of their Sigh No More album (2011's best-selling rock album, btw). Sure, they might not be battle-tested, but their combination of speed and strength — and bluegrass leanings — remind us a lot of the Kentucky Wildcats, which could mean they're bound for greatness this year. As an added bonus, a MMM championship would make for the first time the name "Country Winston Marshall" has ever been engraved on a trophy of any sort.
Evanescence: They roared back from a lengthy hiatus with a chart-topping album and a worldwide tour, both of which earn them the top spot in the South region. They've shaken off the rust and appear primed for MMM dominance — especially since their global fanbase will be able to vote. Amy Lee is always a threat from behind the arch, but the band's true strength might lie in man-mountain Terry Balsamo, who can take anybody to the hole. The rare band to combine power and finesse, Evanescence might very well be the team to beat in 2012.
Vote for your favorite band, discuss and share on Facebook and Twitter in the MTV Musical March Madness interactive bracket!
The meaty Midwest gets a bracket brimming with meat-and-potatoes rock, topped by the aforementioned Black Keys and bolstered by the likes of #6 Kid Rock, #8 Nickelback, #11 Chevelle and #14 Five Finger Death Punch. The pride of Wisconsin, Bon Iver, is in as the #2, though he faces a tough opening-round opponent in 15th-seeded Sum 41, who shocked the world with their run to the Elite 8 last year. And speaking of previous tourneys, My Chemical Romance — the only band to make the Final Four twice — are in as the #5, and based on their past successes, they might be the team to beat. Also, the Metallica/Guns N' Roses first-round tilt is sure to be one for the ages. Here's a look at the opening matchups:
(Click the artist name to download their official MMM badge.)
(1) Black Keys vs. (16) AWOLNATION
(2) Bon Iver vs. (15) Sum 41
(3) Pearl Jam vs. (14) Five Finger Death Punch
(4) U2 vs. (13) Modest Mouse
(5) My Chemical Romance vs. (12) Death Cab For Cutie
(6) Kid Rock vs. (11) Chevelle
(7) Metallica vs. (10) Guns N' Roses
(8) Nickelback vs. (9) Rise Against!
For the third year running, the West is most definitely the best — bracket, that is. The Foos sit atop a positively loaded field, with established acts like last year's champs, Green Day, #2 Red Hot Chili Peppers, #3 Blink-182 and #4 Maroon 5, and a host of hotly tipped newcomers, including #6 Foster the People, #8 Best Coast and #13 Lana Del Rey. Plus Van Halen and No Doubt. We wouldn't discount 15th-seeded Panic! at the Disco (Elite 8 the two previous years) or tourney-tested Adam Lambert, either. If you're looking for a dark-horse pick, our money's on Skrillex, who might not technically rock, but used to front From First to Last, and based on his thunderous live sets, definitely knows how to move folks. The first-round matchups are:
(1) Foo Fighters vs. (16) James Durbin
(2) Red Hot Chili Peppers vs. (15) Panic! at the Disco
(3) Blink-182 vs. (14) Korn
(4) Maroon 5 vs. (13) Lana Del Rey
(5) Green Day vs. (12) the Decemberists
(6) Foster the People vs. (11) Adam Lambert
(7) Van Halen vs. (10) No Doubt
(8) Best Coast vs. (9) Skrillex
Once again home to both beard-scratchers and fist-pumpers, the East is truly up for grabs. Like we said, Mumford are MMM virgins, and #2 Coldplay have made the tourney twice before, but never got past the second round. The same can be said for perennial MMM underachievers Arcade Fire, who nab a #5 seed, but seem destined for a first-round exit at the hands of tourney powerhouse Tokio Hotel. Also wading into the chaos are #3 Florence and the Machine, #4 Muse and #8 Radiohead, who will battle #9 Bruce Springsteen in the first round. This one might come down to an Elite 8 showdown between Tokio and 2010 champs Coheed and Cambria — then again, we wouldn't discount the power of Lady Gaga's Little Monsters, who might help carry Semi Precious Weapons to victory. This region is anyone's guess, really. The opening matchups are:
(1) Mumford & Sons vs. (16) F--ked Up
(2) Coldplay vs. (15) Arctic Monkeys
(3) Florence and the Machine vs. (14) Refused
(4) Muse vs. (13) Gym Class Heroes
(5) Arcade Fire vs. (12) Tokio Hotel
(6) Fun. vs. (11) Semi Precious Weapons
(7) The Shins vs. (10) Coheed and Cambria
(8) Radiohead vs. (9) Bruce Springsteen
There's plenty of home-grown talent on display in the always-treacherous South, topped by Evanescence, #2 Paramore (last year's MMM runners up) and the third-seeded Kings of Leon. For the second time in three years, My Morning Jacket and the Dave Matthews Band will go head-to-head in the opening round, in what's sure to be a Birkenstock-burner. Fourth-seeded Jack White draws a tough opponent in #13 Shinedown, and we genuinely have no idea who wins the 7-10 Cage the Elephant/Ke$ha tilt. Also showing up in the South are powerhouses 30 Seconds to Mars and Linkin Park, both of whom are looking to finally make good on previous tournament promises. Will 2012 be their year? Here's a breakdown of round one:
(1) Evanescence vs. (16) Alabama Shakes
(2) Paramore vs. (15) Gotye
(3) Kings of Leon vs. (14) Phoenix
(4) Jack White vs. (13) Shinedown
(5) Linkin Park vs. (12) At The Drive In
(6) 30 Seconds To Mars vs. (11) Sleigh Bells
(7) Cage The Elephant vs. (10) Ke$ha
(8) My Morning Jacket vs. (9) Dave Matthews Band
MTV's 2012 Musical March Madness Tournament is underway! Voting in the first round runs until midnight ET on Sunday, March 18, and winners are determined by fan votes, so if your favorite act made the cut, it'll be up to you to guide them to glory. You can rally the troops on Twitter using the hashtag #MMM or by downloading one of our custom badges — but get ready, it's gonna be a war.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Tag: waterways
February 25, 2022 / admin / 0 Comments
Author: Jamie Bynum
Waterpower was crucial to the development of the textile industry in the southern United States, especially to communities at or above the fall line. Georgia Public Broadcasting defines the fall line as "a geologic boundary marking the prehistoric shoreline of the Atlantic Ocean as well as the division between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of the state." Aptly named, the fall line is known for its creation of waterfalls due to dropping elevation. This boundary was used to the extreme by textile mills, as early on all of their machinery was operated using exclusively waterpower. The southern United States had this advantage over the North since waterpower was not as efficient there. However, a major problem came along with the utilization of the waterfall for power: it was impossible for boats to travel directly from one point to another if there was a waterfall between the two points. Roads were not very reliable, especially in times of bad weather, which would cause some roads to become completely impassable. After the Civil War, waterpower and water transportation were relied on less and less as the implementation of railroads, steam engines, and electricity made its way into textile mills.
The main use of water for power came in the form of water wheels and turbines. Early textile mills relied on the types of water wheels that had been in use for centuries, but only had an efficiency of about 30-40%. Of course, with the early textile mills of the region opening at the peak of the Industrial Revolution, a more efficient manner of power production was sought out. By the end of the nineteenth century, water wheels had been upgraded to an efficiency rate of 80-90%. Alongside the development of more efficient water wheels was the implementation of water turbines. The main difference between traditional water wheels and water turbines was that water turbines were smaller and were placed horizontally, completely submerged in water. Soon, water wheels were replaced by water turbines that took up less space and were able to spin much faster. Some southern mill owners found these turbines to be so efficient that they continued to use them into the 1930s. The use of water turbines not only generated waterpower but electricity; by the 1880s, some mills used electricity from water turbines to operate all or part of their mill, light their mill, or light nearby cities.
Troup Factory was the first textile operation in Troup County. This photo shows the original grist mill (left), the cotton factory (background), and the wooden raceway flume (foreground); all built by Maxey Brooks. Photo Courtesy of Troup County Archives.
Before the introduction of steamboats and levies to this region, transportation via water was more difficult than in other parts of the southeastern United States. Due to the location of these communities relative to the fall line, all types of boats had a hard time navigating the waterways of west Georgia. Small boats known as flatboats and keelboats dominated waterways above the fall line before the advent of the steamboat. Flatboats were generally eight- to ten -feet wide and between thirty- to forty-feet long and transported both freight and passengers downstream. The keelboat, on the other hand, was designed to go upstream using manpower via poles, rowing, or dragging. Water transportation upstream without any assistance was costly and time-consuming, so the solution was to apply the power of steam to boats. After their introduction in the early 1800s, steamboats quickly replaced keelboats in most parts of the South; however, flatboats remained competitive in downstream transportation until the 1860s due to their cost and improvements made to the construction and operation of flatboats. The initial impact of steamboats on inland rivers was not significant due to their inability to travel north past the fall line but became irreplaceable once levies came along.
The S. S. Monroe being launched on her maiden voyage. Photo Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.
Troup Factory, one of the first textile mills in Georgia having opened in 1843, relied exclusively on waterpower. However, the rushing water used for waterwheels came not from natural waterfalls but a man-made log dam constructed in 1829 for the grist mill that eventually became this textile mill. With the construction of a cotton mill to accompany the original mill that operated wool carding machines, the owners of the mill had a second dam made of rocks constructed below the log dam. These dams used raceway flumes to guide the water down a narrow path where it would fall from the side of the dam, creating more turbulent waters to push the waterwheels. Water was not always beneficial to the mills; Troup Factory flooded several times over the years, which would have made the wagon road shown in the below map impassable.
Photo courtesy of the Digital Library of Georgia.
West Point, another early textile community in the West Georgia Textile Heritage Trail, also relied on waterpower and water as transportation. The Chattahoochee Manufacturing Company and the Alabama-Georgia Manufacturing Company, both located along the Chattahoochee River, began operations on the same day in 1866. In 1888, after the Chattahoochee Manufacturing Company had become the Langdale Mill of the West Point Manufacturing Company, the family that owned and operated the mill established the Chattahoochee Navigation Company. The goal of this company was to operate barges for the transportation of goods to and from the mill. The only alternative at this time was to attempt the five-and-a-half-mile wagon ride to the West Point depot. The fate of this company shows why water transportation was difficult in this region: when the water was too low, the shoals would be exposed and stop barges in their tracks, while high water levels would cause extreme rapids that were too difficult to navigate.
The former Alabama-Georgia Manufacturing Company, renamed Riverdale Cotton Mills, in the 1900s. Photo courtesy of Jarrett Craft.
Columbus' textile industry utilized water the most out of any community throughout the West Georgia Textile Heritage Trail. Several of the early textile mills in this town relied heavily on the powerful Chattahoochee River, just as the mills near West Point did. Two notable mills here were the Eagle and Phenix Mills and Bibb Manufacturing Company. Eagle Mills opened in the mid-1800s and was re-established after the Civil War. Once reestablished, it absorbed a nearby mill, making it one of the largest mills in the state; this achievement was accomplished using waterpower and transportation to produce goods and rapidly grow the company. The other prominent mill along the river, Columbus Mill owned by Bibb Manufacturing Company, was established in 1900 around a dam site that could be used to power the mill. As seen in the below image of Bibb Manufacturing, the surrounding area was not suitable for boats to pull right up to the mill.
Bibb Manufacturing Company and river. Photo courtesy of the Library of Congress.
Water was an incredibly important resource for early textile mills in the West Georgia Textile Heritage Trail, as it was used for both power and transportation. Early roads were often unsuitable for anything more than small freight loads going short distances. The use of water in many places allowed larger deliveries to be made to and from textile mills and was the best mode of transportation until the implementation of railroads throughout the state. Waterwheels were used to power the various mills throughout the region until steam engines and turbines were introduced. Steam, in the end, replaced water for both transportation and power.


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By Marshall Lager, founder and managing principal, Third Idea Consulting; contributor, CRM magazine
Salesforce.com's On-Demand Dream
Salesforce.com Chairman and CEO Marc Benioff welcomed more than 3,000 partners and customers to Dreamforce '05 in San Francisco on Monday with a series of announcements, the scope of which expands the capabilities of the company's CRM on-demand product. Benioff also illuminated the possibilities of a new development and distribution model, and introduced enhanced marketing, service, and support modules. And, he commented on the day's biggest CRM industry news, Oracle Corp.'s acquisition of Siebel Systems.
"I was amped to deliver the most exciting announcement in the CRM industry," he said, referring first to Dreamforce '05, "and then I woke up this morning to hear that Oracle was buying Siebel. That made me even more excited. Consolidation in the client/server world opens the door even further for on demand. It's no coincidence that [Ebay] just bought [on-demand VoIP provider] Skype, either. This is an opportunity."
The morning was peppered with announcements of what's to come in Winter '06, including a new UI and branding, expanded mobile support, territory management (demonstrated nicely by an integration with Yahoo! Maps), a marketing campaign builder and segmentation wizard, and the Successforce module for Web services. But the key of this keynote was the debut of AppExchange, described by Benioff as "the Ebay of enterprise applications." AppExchange builds off the development resources available through Appforce (rebranded from Multiforce) to create a one-stop shop for customers to access third-party extensions with a few mouse clicks. When the system comes online as part of the Salesforce.com Winter '06 release some time in Q4 2005, Benioff says, "Customers will be able to find customized apps, read user reviews, test drive them immediately with no charge, and buy subscriptions."
Developers will benefit from free access to the Appforce development platform and the distribution channel, which connects them with interested users who can search and sort the catalog by a variety of methods. The wins for them, according to Benioff, are no software to buy, instant go-to-market ability, and 100 percent of the money goes to the developer. Salesforce will provide some apps free of charge, as will some developers, mirroring the open-source approach that is gaining popularity. To make the concept timely, Benioff noted that immediate and free access to content is especially important when disaster strikes. Part of AppExchange includes crisis management apps, such as the evacuee management system katrinalist.net, and a lost-pet finder developed by Salesforce personnel to aid with the crisis in the three Gulf states effected by the hurricane last month.
Like Ebay and similar services, user reviews and rankings will ensure the quality of what is available, as will Salesforce's seal of approval on certain apps, indicating that they are bug-free and meet the standards of the platform provider. "If we can get this program out there, we'll go to our customers, our developers, other companies. We'll go to Bangalore, to Singapore, to any place where there are creative people, and tell the developers, 'Build your app and we'll help you market and sell it.'"
Liz Herbert, an analyst at Forrester Research, expressed some optimism about AppExchange and Appforce. "Appforce and AppExchange are definitely a good idea. The next step is to make it an effective marketplace. The obstacles to that are setting price and establishing security and certification." One competitor, Greg Gianforte, CEO and founder of RightNow Technologies, expressed a more critical view, however, in a written statement. He asked, "What happened to their enterprise push? AppExchange sounds like something that probably will interest small businesses, and this further establishes that their real focus is on this market."
NetSuite CEO Zach Nelson questioned the value of the move. "There are many reasons why this novel concept, although very creative, will not work in real-world scenarios. For instance, patchwork offerings fall susceptible to crucial issues, such as data synchronization, multiple user interfaces, and problems with integration, support, and maintenance." Nelson said a unified application is better than point solutions. "Salesforce.com did make a direction change with on demand to overcome the inherent flaws of their approach by stitching together applications. It is an easy way out, but it's a nightmare."
Salesforce.com's Soapbox Is the Platform
Dreamforce '07: AppExchange says hello to its younger, bigger sister: Force.com, touted as "platform-as-a-service"; the family also welcomes a cousin: Visualforce, hailed as "user-interface-as-a-service."
Sizing Up Salesforce.com's New Partnerships and Product
The on-demand vendor is positioning for greater expansion into the enterprise market.
Salesforce.com Gives It All Away
The Summer '05 release of Sforce toolkits will be open source, with partners sharing strategies; applications will strengthen links between resellers and clients.
Dreamforce: Wonders of the Business Web
Dreamforce '06: At the annual Salesforce.com event, Colin Powell stressed the importance of the Web and how businesses can leverage it to for a competitive advantage.
Salesforce.com Unveils Winter Release Details
Dreamforce '04: New customizing manager and customer service capabilities are key updates.
Dreamforce '07: Highlights from the Salesforce.com Scene
Dreamforce '07: A summary of what's on display from Salesforce.com partners at the company's annual convention.
Salesforce.com Upgrades Its Flagship Products
Dreamforce '03: Salesforce.com today unveiled major upgrades to its two main products at its first annual Dreamforce user conference.
Salesforce.com Partners Introduce a Range of Integrated Applications
Dreamforce '04: Dozens of software vendors are now tying their CRM capabilities to the on-demand CRM platform.
Salesforce.com and Amazon.com: Superpowers Team Up in the Cloud
Dreamforce '08: Salesforce.com cofounder, Chairman, and CEO Marc Benioff announces the cloud company's foray into Web sites and its integration with Facebook and Amazon Web Services platforms.
Salesforce.com Doubles Down on CRM
Dreamforce '08: The SaaS vendor ups research funds for CRM, declaring this a critical time to listen to and invest in customers and employees.
Cloud-y Announcements Surround Salesforce.com
Dreamforce '08: Salesforce.com's partners capitalize on conference momentum with a number of new announcements and product releases.
Salesforce.com Brings Social to the Enterprise
Dreamforce '09: The software-as-a-service pioneer unveils what it calls its fourth cloud -- the Collaboration Cloud -- as well as a product called Chatter.
Gen. Colin Powell Is Part of the Force
Dreamforce: In a moving speech to a global audience, Colin Powell reinvigorates the need for the purpose-driven individual.
Dreamforce: Releases Galore
Dreamforce '09: A roundup of product releases and enhancements that came out of the so-called "Cloud Event of the Year."


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TOKYO (Reuters) - Public trust in the Japanese government faces its biggest test since World War Two over the handling of the nation's nuclear crisis, raising concerns that a breakdown in confidence could fuel panic and chaos if appeals for calm go unheeded.
Foreigners are leaving Tokyo, or shutting themselves indoors, and supermarket shelves are running empty despite authorities assuring citizens there is no need to panic from the crisis unfolding at a quake-stricken nuclear power plant.
The government of Prime Minister Naoto Kan was already unpopular before the disasters.
"This government is useless," Masako Kitajima, a Tokyo office worker in her 50s, said as radiation levels ticked up in the city of around 12 million people, more than 200 km south of the nuclear plant where officials battled to avert disaster.
Tokyo resident Masashi Yoshida, 53, agreed.
Even the local mayor of a town close to the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi nuclear complex complained that the government had failed to keep his office updated on the situation.
"We've been asking the prefecture and the government to give us information quickly but we've been having to force information out of them," said Katsunobu Sakurai, mayor of Minamisoma.
Public trust in the government and nuclear authorities is critical to ensuring against undue panic, experts said.
"It's a matter of legitimacy and how much you believe in the organisation," said Chuo University professor Steven Reed.
Some local media have also started to adopt a critical tone of the government and especially the stricken nuclear plant's owner, Tokyo Electric Power Co, for failing to keep the public well informed on the situation.
Tokyo Electric officials has given numerous news conferences, but they speak rapidly and use terms beyond ordinary people's grasp.
"Information is the essence of crisis management," said a Mainichi newspaper editorial pointing to poor coordination among the prime minister, nuclear safety officials and Tokyo Electric.
The Yomiuri newspaper — no fan of Kan's government at the best of times — was far harsher, charging that anxiety was rising due to a total lack of government plan.
Struggling with a rapidly worsening situations, Kan blasted Tokyo Electric officials for failing to keep him informed.
"Televisions reported an explosion. But nothing was said to the premier's office for about an hour," Kyodo news agency quoted him as telling company executives at their head office.
But not everyone has lost faith in the authorities.
Analysts said the government was doing the best it could do in a difficult and rapidly changing situation.
"They are doing their best to give a constant stream of information," said Deborah Hayden, managing partner at consultancy Kreab Gavin Anderson, noting that the spread of social media like Twitter made it hard to keep rumours from spreading, undermining confidence in official accounts.
Top government spokesman Yukio Edano has done a relatively good job, experts said, giving frequent televised briefings, using easy-to-understand terms to give the latest information, though in the first days he sometimes appeared behind the curve.
"I want to believe the government," said Hiroto Yanuma, a first-year's grad student in chemistry who said he was worried about social turmoil if things went badly wrong.
But many others are less flattering.
"All I can say is that the government and TEPCO (Tokyo Electric) are totally behind the curve," said Yuichi Iwai, a 39-year old IT engineer.
Survivors of the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were also frustrated.
"The state and the electricity firm were saying the volume (of radiation) is insignificant, but I think they're taking this situation so lightly," 80-year old Haruhide Tamamoto from Hiroshima was quoted by Kyodo news agency as saying.


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Им. Барсученко — остановочный пункт Савёловского направления Московской железной дороги в Дмитровском городском округе Московской области.

Приказом генерального директора ОАО «РЖД» О. В. Белозёрова от 17 мая 2019 года остановочный пункт был переименован в честь ветерана Великой Отечественной войны, кавалера ордена Красной Звезды, стрелочницы, почётного жителя Дмитровского района Марии Барсученко.

Описание

Остановочный пункт находится на 75-м километре от Москвы. Интенсивность движения составляет около 15 пар в сутки. Имеется беспересадочное сообщение со Смоленским (Белорусским) направлением.
Самые дальние беспересадочные станции назначения на январь 2019 года:
 Дубна
 Савёлово
 Звенигород

Рядом находятся:
 Шоссе А-104
 Канал имени Москвы
 Деревня Ивашево
 СНТ «Почтовик»
 Дмитровский филиал (ДФ) МГТУ им. Н. Э. Баумана
 Склады «Магнита» и «ФМ Логистик» (возле автодороги Дмитров — Орудьево)

Работа ж/д кассы и автоматы по выдаче посадочных талонов
Касса была отремонтирована в ходе ремонта в 2014 году и работала с ноября 2014 по август 2019 года, причем несколько раз закрывалась на время. С 30 августа 2019 года касса вновь закрыта.

На ОП есть два автомата по выдаче посадочных талонов.

Примечания

См. также
 Список железнодорожных станций и платформ Московской области

Остановочные пункты Московско-Смоленского региона Московской железной дороги
Железнодорожные станции и платформы Дмитровского городского округа


Congratulations to all.Very good paintings!
Studio Workshop on Botanical Illustration Saturday, November 2nd at Westmoreland.
Talent, many beautiful colors and works to frame and hang, Congratulations to everyone!
DEAR ARTISTS: You have to come back soon! we would like to learn more from you. Excellent job for all those who participated.


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On the heels of the release of the Porsche 911 GT3 R in June, iRacing and Porsche are pleased to reveal that the Porsche 911 GT3 Cup (992) will also join the service in time for the 2021 Season 4 build in September. The latest generation of vehicle used in the global Porsche Supercup single-make competition joins a robust lineup of Porsche LMP1, GTE, GT3, and GT4 cars already on iRacing.
"iRacing is proud to welcome the new Porsche 911 GT3 Cup to the sim for September," said iRacing executive vice president Steve Myers. "Our lineup of Porsche vehicles has always proven quite popular across special events, public series, and hosted races, and we expect the updated 911 GT3 Cup car to be similarly well-received among iRacers around the world."
The Porsche 911 GT3 Cup (992) packs a 510-horsepower punch and introduces a fresh slate of upgrades from its predecessor. Besides an increase in power in its 4.0-liter flat-six powerplant, included in the evolution from the 991.2 generation model are a new chassis design with increased aluminum usage, double wishbone front suspension, a new electronic shift system, safety features, and more. The real-world version of the car made its debut in time for the 2021 Porsche Supercup season.
The Porsche 911 GT3 Cup (992) will hit the track on iRacing for the first time on September 4, with a special event featuring content creators competing in a fun-oriented race at Hockenheim. Tune in to twitch.tv/Porsche at 18:00 GMT (2PM ET) to watch the action. For more information on Porsche's real-world and sim racing motorsports initiatives, visit http://motorsports.porsche.com. For more information on iRacing and for special offers, visit www.iracing.com.
In this article:iRacing, Porsche, Porsche 911 GT3 Cup (992)
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NBC exec Ron Meyer officially lists Malibu estate for $125M
A sale above $110M would be the most expensive ever in LA County
Kelly Meyer, Ron Meyer and their Malibu home (Credit: Getty Images and Westside Estate Agency)
Ron Meyer's sprawling Malibu estate is officially on the market, and the vice chairman of NBCUniversal is looking for a record sale.
Meyer wants $125 million for the 3.1 acre estate in Paradise Cove, according to Variety. That's the same price he's been asking privately since this summer. Meyer was reportedly giving private tours of the home to guests, including to some A-list celebrities, during at least one fundraiser event there in May. With no apparent takers, he decided to hire an agent and list it on the Multiple Listing Service.
A sale at that price would make it the most expensive trade ever in Los Angeles County. The current record is the $110 million a natural gas tycoon paid for Peter Morton's Carbon Beach home last year.
Westside Estate Agency co-founder Kurt Rappaport has the listing. Rappaport is an investor himself — he picked up a Brentwood estate in July for $16.3 million. In October, he made a foray into commercial space when he picked up a retail store in Beverly Hills.
Meyer's Paradise Cove estate features a 14,000-square-foot home with five bedrooms and six bathrooms, private access to a secluded beach, a large pool, and a tennis court. Meyer hired architect Charles Gwathmey to design the home in the late 1990s. But it still looks as fresh as any of the boxy white contemporary spec mansions going up in places like Bel Air.
Meyer started shopping the home after news broke that he and his wife of 25 years, Kelly Chapman Meyer, were splitting. [Variety] – Dennis Lynch
MalibuRe
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Ukrainian tycoon lists Malibu mansion for nearly twice what he paid
Move over Mountain of Beverly Hills, Scott Gillen is listing "The Malibu Series" for $500M


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Home > Google News > Google News > Google Creating Multimedia Search Engine for Digital Video
Google Creating Multimedia Search Engine for Digital Video
Dec 1, 2004 • 5:52 pm | (0) by Ben Pfeiffer | Filed Under Google News & Finances
Search in Digital Video from last 50 years. Imagine It. Within seconds you could not only find and watch clips from store houses of internet video clips to it also working as a TV-searchable database on the Web. Google TV people are calling it. Its been tried before for other media such as MPEG Avi Quicktime files and some of done it successfully. So this isn't brand new, but for Google it is and so is their technology. Its just how they plan to market its uses and uniqueness. I am curious as to lengths one would have to go to develop such a spider to enable intelligent spidering of digital video. How would it search and bring you results? According to one member they way they do this is by search closed captioning text. Interesting, makes sense. Where there is text, there is (can be) something to search for it.
Apparently this week Google gave a media presentations to a handful of major TV broadcasters demonstrating the technology and hopefully planning to partner with them in the future for use this technology in their offices. If I was executive at a major broadcaster, this would definately be up for consideration. Its quite a breakthrough and the retrieval of video for all sorts of uses.
There is discussion on this topic on a couple forums, namely SEOchat and WMW.
According to the original zdnet article:
Google's effort, until now secret, is arguably the most ambitious of the three. According to sources familiar with the plan, the search giant is courting broadcasters and cable networks with a new technology that would do for television what it has already done for the Internet: sort through and reveal needles of video clips from within the haystack archives of major network TV shows.
There seem to be some members on the forums that are downplaying the usefulness this could have for an average user. They raise a good point, as its mainly going to be reserved for broadcasting companies. While this may be the case, many of these broadcasting companies such as ABC already offer a form of video search on their site, where people can view and look at video from particular times. So if this helps them catalog their many piles of video, it could reach the website and ultimately make the user experience a lot better. It could also help people to watch and learn about news faster that matters to them. Search: What Would You Like to Watch.
Previous story: Google Tells Us that PageRank is for Entertainment Purposes Only


Many refugee communities and survivors of trafficking living in Malaysia are unable to access healthcare.
The majority of the patients we treat in mobile clinics for refugees are unregistered refugees, mainly Rohingya.
Our teams provide medical screenings and outpatient consultations in government shelters for victims of human trafficking. We've established up a primary healthcare clinic in a Penang neighbourhood where migrants from many countries have settled, and have developed a strong network with fishermen communities and local authorities in Langkawi, a known migrant disembarkation site.
A limited number of NGOs, including MSF, can refer asylum claims to the refugee agency based on a set of additional vulnerability criteria.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Increased warning signs
The 'Priority List' for Jason McIntosh's System Q is now closed.
More than 6,000 Aussie investors put their name down on the list. It's one of the most popular and successful events we've ever held.
And today, those who managed to get on the 'Priority List' discovered exactly what System Q is all about.
If you joined the 'Priority List', make sure to check your inbox for details. Unfortunately, I can't provide a link here, as access is only available for those on the 'Priority List'.
Check your inbox now. Otherwise, if you didn't join the 'Priority List', read on…
Overnight, the Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 32.6 points, or 0.16%.
The S&P 500 closed down 2.56 points, or 0.11%.
In Europe, the Euro Stoxx 50 index gain 0.06 points, for a small percentage gain. Meanwhile, the FTSE 100 gained 0.38%, and Germany's DAX index climbed 0.26%.
In Asian markets, Japan's Nikkei 225 index is up 78.91 points, or 0.41%. The CSI 300 is up 0.33%.
In Australia, the S&P/ASX 200 is down 12.9 points, or 0.22%.
On the commodities markets, West Texas Intermediate crude oil is US$54.05 per barrel. Brent crude oil is US$56.30 per barrel.
Gold is trading for US$1,236.86 (AU$1,611.53) per troy ounce. Silver is US$18.00 (AU$23.45) per troy ounce.
The Aussie dollar is worth 76.75 US cents.
Since late last year, we've warned about the possible onset of an Australian recession.
The technical definition of a recession is two consecutive quarters of contracting economic growth. Or, as the mainstream likes to ridiculously put it, 'negative growth'.
Well, Australia has had one quarter of 'negative growth'. We're surprised the mainstream, with their hapless wordplay, doesn't label it 'one consecutive quarter'.
The issue now is whether a second quarter of contraction will follow the first.
If it does, a recession is the result — the first for Australia in 26 years.
So, could it happen? By our estimates, yes. It's why we've highlighted what we like to call the 'Big Australian Short'.
And the headlines don't do anything to sway us otherwise.
Take these reports from Bloomberg:
'Crown Resorts Ltd. Chief Executive Officer Rowen Craigie stepped down and the casino operator scrapped a proposed hotels listing in the latest fallout from a crackdown on its activities in China…
'Crown shares climbed in Sydney trading on Thursday after the company announced a special dividend of 83 Australian cents a share. That soothed investors after high-roller betting at its Australian casino resorts almost halved in the first half and profit fell in the wake of the China detentions.'
Interesting move. Profit falls from $743.8 million to $359.1 million, and so the company decides to pay out more of its cash to shareholders.
Given its debt position, rising 'goodwill', and a steep fall in 'high-roller' gamblers, we'd think Crown Resorts Ltd [ASX:CWN] would want to retain its stash of cash.
Clearly not.
More from Bloomberg:
'Qantas Airways Ltd.'s first-half earnings dropped less than the company's forecast amid a recovery in the domestic market, while competition on international routes weighed on air fares. Shares jumped the most in almost eight months.'
Investors may choose to see the positive side of the fall in earnings being less than expected…but, nonetheless, it's still a fall.
For the first half of the 2016 financial year, Qantas Airways Ltd's [ASX:QAN] earnings were $688 million. A year later, earnings have fallen to $515 million.
What's more, revenue is down too. From $8.46 billion to $8.18 billion.
Airline earnings can be hyper-volatile. Airlines have to make as much money during the good times as they can. Aussie investors appear joyful at the better-than-expected fall in earnings (if you get our drift), but we would encourage caution.
A small fall during one half could become a much bigger fall the following half, especially if a recession hits the Aussie economy.
Now check out this news update from Bloomberg:
'The Australian dollar weakened after a government report showed capital expenditure fell more last quarter than economists forecast.
'The Aussie slide against all its 16 major peers after the Bureau of Statistics said business investment slid 2.1 percent, worse than the estimate for a 0.5 percent drop.'
Could this be an early warning sign for next week's gross domestic product (GDP) number?
Remember, the third-quarter GDP fall was much bigger than economists expected. They did predict a drop, but only by 0.1%. That was way off the actual drop of 0.5%.
As for the capital expenditure number, 'experts' predicted a 0.5% fall…when it reality it was a 2.1% fall.
That's not even close.
So what should we think about their guess for the fourth quarter of 2016? According to Bloomberg, 'The Australian economy will expand 0.9% in 4Q, according to the latest results of a Bloomberg News survey of 36 economists…'
Bloomberg conducted the survey in late January.
They were even more bullish than the same survey conducted a month before, where the prediction was for 0.8% quarterly economic growth.
Another warning sign? Maybe.
In one market at least, we see the signs of a 'blow-off' rally, before a painful crunch. Again, from Bloomberg:
'Iron ore's rally to the highest level since 2014 has been so strong even the industry's champions are flagging the possibility of a pullback.
'As prices soar toward $100 a metric ton, BHP Billiton Ltd. says the market is likely to come under pressure, Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. forecasts the raw material may moderate and Africa's top supplier sees a deep retracement. At the same time, Macquarie Group Ltd. is warning of steep losses amid abundant supply, and Goldman Sachs Group Inc. has highlighted bulging stockpiles.'
Warning signs. We see them…as far as the eye can see.
And yet the Aussie S&P/ASX 200 is up 18.8% over the past year. It's nearing the recent 2015 high.
Investors appear happy.
Economists predict growth.
We remain fearful.
The 'Big Australian Short' is still in play.
Our favourite [cough] electric-car company, Tesla Inc. [NASDAQ:TSLA], released its latest results overnight.
Certainly not to your editor's surprise, the result was a loss. Revenue came in at US$7 billion on the nose. The loss came in at US$674.9 million.
For the fourth quarter of the annual result, revenue was almost double the comparable period from a year earlier. Good news. Trouble is, while the loss was smaller, it was a still a loss — US$121.3 million.
Of course, the Tesla fanboys still can't get enough. The stock was down US$3.88 in regular trading, but up US$4.16 in extended-hours trading.
What investor doesn't love it when a company takes a huge loss?
And what investor doesn't love it when a company misses targets…again? As Bloomberg notes:
'Tesla has struggled to meet past production forecasts and has blamed a series of issues — including problematic seats in the Model X and too much hubris in designing the electric SUV — for missing previous quarterly and annual projections. The company delivered about 22,200 cars worldwide in the fourth quarter, bringing its total to 76,233 in 2016, less than an initial forecast for as much as 90,000.'
Oh dear. As for the issues Tesla blames, we would remind Tesla that 'problematic seats' and 'hubris' are all in Tesla's control.
We would also argue that Tesla relies solely on hubris for its seemingly ever-rising share price. We have no problem with the electric-car industry in general. We do have doubts about Tesla's ability to meet its new targets.
Regardless, while some may consider Tesla to be a great investment, colleague Jason Stevenson says a direct investment in Tesla isn't the only way to cash-in on the carmaker's popularity and, dare we say it, the hubris surrounding the company.
You can find out all about it in Jason's latest report, Gigastocks.
Tesla's market capitalisation is US$44.1 billion.
General Motors Company's [NYSE:GM] market cap is US$56.7 billion.
Last year, Tesla produced 76,233 cars. In 2014, General Motors produced 6.64 million cars.
That's all. Just thought we'd mention it.
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JUICED ON THE O.C.
By Hal Boedeker and Sentinel Television Critic
The youngest person to create a prime-time drama has a special way of describing his show. When you're making broadcast history, you're entitled to create words.
"It's a soapedy," says Josh Schwartz, 27, in explaining the mixture of soap opera and comedy propelling Fox's The O.C.
"We owe as much to melodrama as to comedy and romantic comedy," he says. "We're fusing a lot of genres. I never watched soaps or Beverly Hills, 90210. I missed the Dallas-Dynasty movement. The show is as much a soap as it is a romantic comedy as it is a family show."
Above all, it's a hit. In a season when few new dramas and comedies have intrigued the public, The O.C. has broken through with its attractive actors, conflicted characters and swank settings. The rich families of Orange County, Calif., are different from you and me -- and we like it that way.
Two weeks ago, The O.C. drew more viewers than NBC's The West Wing or CBS' The King of Queens. (Last week, The Swan premiere pre-empted The O.C.) Scheduled at 9 p.m. Wednesdays, after the phenomenon American Idol, The O.C. is on the brink of wide popularity.
Marcy Ross, Fox's senior vice president of current programming, attributes the success to Schwartz's clear vision for the show.
"He never wavers from it," she says. "He's funny. That's why the show has captured the imagination of so many young people. It has all of the wonderful nail-biting soap qualities with some real self-awareness."
The O.C. can vary in tone from week to week, keeping fans surprised. One week, it pokes fun at itself by focusing on "The Valley," a teen drama within the teen drama. The next week, The O.C. turns dramatic by bringing on a visiting grandmother (played by Alice star Linda Lavin) in grave health.
Schwartz "intuits all the conventions of TV but tells the melodrama in a fresh and innovative way," says Ron Simon, television curator at the Museum of Television & Radio in New York.
"You can take it on a realistic level and on an ironic level," Simon adds. "It's commenting on its own narrative. That's smart television for kids who grew up with Beverly Hills, 90210. It's the perfect drama for viewers who want to discuss all the intricacies and emotional upheaval on the Internet."
At 9 tonight, locally on WOFL-Channel 35, The O.C. returns with the first of four episodes on the way to a May 5 cliffhanger. Schwartz and his colleagues are planning a big, old-fashioned season finale that hooks fans until the series returns, probably after baseball in October.
"We want to keep the show self-aware and funny and frisky enough, but I don't want it to be so self-aware that you can't do emotional stories as well," Schwartz says. "The last episodes are real emotional."
The O.C. started emotionally in August, when public defender Sandy Cohen (Peter Gallagher) took in wayward teen client Ryan Atwood (Benjamin McKenzie). Sandy's wealthy wife, Kirsten (Kelly Rowan), objected at first, then realized that Ryan needed the family's help.
Ryan bonded with the Cohens' geeky son, Seth (Adam Brody), and fascinated the troubled girl next door, Marissa Cooper (Mischa Barton). Ryan drew the wrath of handsome villain Luke (Chris Carmack) before the two embarked on an unlikely friendship.
In the show's most pleasant break with TV formulas, The O.C. manages to make the adults every bit as compelling as the teens. Sandy Cohen is a smart, good man who loves his family.
"There's a lot of my dad in that character," Schwartz says. "There's a lot of Peter Gallagher in the character. Both guys are really wonderful fathers. They have a sense of humor and get it. Sandy gets it. He can lay down the law. He surfs. He's cool. He's compassionate."
Schwartz, the child of toy inventors, grew up in Providence, R.I. He gained the inspiration for The O.C. when attending the University of Southern California and meeting kids from Newport Beach.
Balancing the adult and teen characters makes business sense by giving The O.C. broader appeal than such teen-fixated dramas as 90210 and Dawson's Creek.
"The show would be far less interesting if it was just a teen show," Fox executive Ross says. "We don't just target the teen audience in our promos. This is a family-oriented show, where parents can sit with teenagers and watch the show. That doesn't happen often."
Some viewers might dispute that view, especially when Luke had an affair with Julie (Melinda Clarke), the mother of former girlfriend Marissa. But Ross says that she watches with her 12-year-old daughter and that The O.C. has lately been drawing more teenagers than the preceding edition of American Idol on Wednesday.
When Sandy says "here we go" at a dramatic moment, it's as if the characters realize they live in a soap opera.
"I've become more comfortable with melodrama as the year progressed," Schwartz says. "That was the way to embrace it: to be aware of it."
Fans should realize that the Seth character, as played charmingly by Gilmore Girls alum Brody, is executive producer Schwartz's alter ego.
"There's a lot of myself in Seth," Schwartz says. "It's a true collaboration between Adam and me."
The whole show has been a collaboration as well. Schwartz created the show at age 26 and developed it with film director McG (Charlie's Angels). In establishing the stories, Schwartz has gained invaluable support from veterans Allan Heinberg (Sex and the City) and Bob DeLaurentis (Providence).
But ultimately, The O.C. remains Schwartz's creation. His name appears on 16 of this season's scripts, and all 27 went through his computer.
"We trust him, so if he feels strongly about something, we're going to let him fulfill it," Fox executive Ross says.
Most series produce 22 episodes per season, and the exhausted cast is finishing the last one this week. Production on season two, during which the show will do 24 episodes, starts in July.
When he talks of his influences, Schwartz lists film directors Cameron Crowe (Almost Famous), James L. Brooks (Broadcast News) and Woody Allen. Schwartz, who turns 28 in August, sold a film script as a junior at USC. He adds that he doesn't watch a lot of television, but that doesn't signal any discontent with the medium.
"I have no intention of leaving the show," Schwartz says. "Television is such a wonderful medium for a writer, especially a writer/executive producer. In features, unless the writer is a director, he's a hired gun. In television, you can see things through."


Professors Peter and Rosemary Grant each received the degree Doctor of Science, honoris causa. They are distinguished for their remarkable long-term studies of evolution by natural selection in finches on the Galápagos Islands. Through these studies they have demonstrated a much more dynamic picture of evolution than had previously been known, elucidating how new species arise and genetic diversity is maintained in natural populations.