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{\displaystyle P_{0}} 2. Any process that happens quickly enough to deviate from thermal equilibrium cannot be reversible. W Using this concept, in conjunction with the density matrix he extended the classical concept of entropy into the quantum domain. Entropy of a substance can be measured, although in an indirect way. together with the fundamental thermodynamic relation) are known for the microcanonical ensemble, the canonical ensemble, the grand canonical ensemble, and the isothermal–isobaric ensemble. While Clausius based his definition on a reversible process, there are also irreversible processes that change entropy. T R Alternatively, in chemistry, it is also referred to one mole of substance, in which case it is called the molar entropy with a unit of J⋅mol−1⋅K−1. [106]:545f[107], In Hermeneutics, Arianna Béatrice Fabbricatore has used the term entropy relying on the works of Umberto Eco,[108] to identify and assess the loss of meaning between the verbal description of dance and the choreotext (the moving silk engaged by the dancer when he puts into action the choreographic writing)[109] generated by inter-semiotic translation operations.[110][111]. / with low entropy) tends to be more useful than the same amount of energy available at a lower temperature. If we denote the entropies by Si = Qi/Ti for the two states, then the above inequality can be written as a decrease in the entropy. {\displaystyle \int _{L}{\frac {\delta Q_{\text{rev}}}{T}}} Increases in entropy correspond to irreversible changes in a system, because some energy is expended as waste heat, limiting the amount of work a system can do.[19][20][34][35]. The summation is over all the possible microstates of the system, and pi is the probability that the system is in the i-th microstate. In finance, the holy grail has been to find the best way to construct a portfolio that exhibits growth and low draw-downs. In the Carnot cycle, the working fluid returns to the same state it had at the start of the cycle, hence the line integral of any state function, such as entropy, over this reversible cycle is zero. The measurement uses the definition of temperature[81] in terms of entropy, while limiting energy exchange to heat ( {\displaystyle dU\rightarrow dQ} {\displaystyle V_{0}} [22] This definition assumes that the basis set of states has been picked so that there is no information on their relative phases. [66] This is because energy supplied at a higher temperature (i.e. He argues that when constraints operate on a system, such that it is prevented from entering one or more of its possible or permitted states, as contrasted with its forbidden states, the measure of the total amount of "disorder" in the system is given by:[60][61]. {\displaystyle {\dot {Q}}/T,} and That is, all risk can be determined and accounted for. Entropy has been proven useful in the analysis of DNA sequences. Important examples are the Maxwell relations and the relations between heat capacities. Tech Research > Imagining the 5G Wireless Future: Apps, Devices, Networks, Spectrum – November 2016 n According to the Clausius equality, for a reversible cyclic process: For very small numbers of particles in the system, statistical thermodynamics must be used. Historically, the classical thermodynamics definition developed first. is the temperature at the jth heat flow port into the system. Therefore, the entropy in a specific system can decrease as long as the total entropy of the Universe does not. We can only obtain the change of entropy by integrating the above formula. is the number of moles of gas and Although this is possible, such an event has a small probability of occurring, making it unlikely. L Georgescu‐Roegen, "The Economics of Production," in Energy and Economic Myths: Institutional and Analytical Economic Essays, Pergamon, New York (1976), p. 61. ⟩ A definition of entropy with examples. ^ [24] This concept plays an important role in liquid-state theory. d Information Theory Entropy makes information more complex with time. . Entropy is the measure of the disorder of a system. Investors seeking higher growth are taught to seek out high beta or high volatility stocks. [15] It is also known that the work produced by the system is the difference between the heat absorbed from the hot reservoir and the heat given up to the cold reservoir: Since the latter is valid over the entire cycle, this gave Clausius the hint that at each stage of the cycle, work and heat would not be equal, but rather their difference would be a state function that would vanish upon completion of the cycle. The first law of thermodynamics, deduced from the heat-friction experiments of James Joule in 1843, expresses the concept of energy, and its conservation in all processes; the first law, however, is unable to quantify the effects of friction and dissipation. Algorithmic/Automated Trading Basic Education, Entropy is a measure of randomness. [42] At the same time, laws that govern systems far from equilibrium are still debatable. In the traditional Black-Scholes capital asset pricing model, the model assumes all risk can be hedged. In a different basis set, the more general expression is. to a final volume Since entropy is a property of a system, entropy as a parameter makes no sense without a definition of the system which 'has' the entropy. Key words: Entropy, Thermodynamics, Economics, Economic Entropy, Price, Cost . This makes them likely end points of all entropy-increasing processes, if they are totally effective matter and energy traps. For a given thermodynamic system, the excess entropy is defined as the entropy minus that of an ideal gas at the same density and temperature, a quantity that is always negative because an ideal gas is maximally disordered. For instance, an entropic argument has been recently proposed for explaining the preference of cave spiders in choosing a suitable area for laying their eggs. Look it up now! k Q bewegingstoestanden van elementaire bouwstenen, zoals atomen en … Defining the entropies of the reference states to be 0 and 1 respectively the entropy of a state when a small amount of energy [68] This approach has several predecessors, including the pioneering work of Constantin Carathéodory from 1909[69] and the monograph by R. V T Q Von Neumann established a rigorous mathematical framework for quantum mechanics with his work Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik. [Ressource ARDP 2015], Pantin, CN D. interpretation of entropy in statistical mechanics, the fundamental postulate in statistical mechanics, Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory, Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen § The relevance of thermodynamics to economics, integral part of the ecological economics school, Autocatalytic reactions and order creation, Thermodynamic databases for pure substances, "Thermodynamics & Cancer Dormancy: A Perspective", "Ueber verschiedene für die Anwendung bequeme Formen der Hauptgleichungen der mechanischen Wärmetheorie (Vorgetragen in der naturforsch. X Following the second law of thermodynamics, entropy of an isolated system always increases for irreversible processes. i [49], Entropy is equally essential in predicting the extent and direction of complex chemical reactions. If W is the number of microstates that can yield a given macrostate, and each microstate has the same a priori probability, then that probability is p = 1/W. ∮ Gesellschaft zu Zürich den 24. {\displaystyle X_{0}} where the constant-volume molar heat capacity Cv is constant and there is no phase change. In statistical mechanics, entropy is an extensive property of a thermodynamic system. Entropy is a fundamental function of state. [18] However, the entropy change of the surroundings is different. [1] Under the assumption that each microstate is equally probable, the entropy S This means the line integral Any machine or process that converts heat to work and is claimed to produce an efficiency greater than the Carnot efficiency is not viable because it violates the second law of thermodynamics.  λ = The second law of thermodynamics states that a closed system has entropy that may increase or otherwise remain constant. d In this viewpoint, thermodynamic properties are defined in terms of the statistics of the motions of the microscopic constituents of a system – modeled at first classically, e.g. X The main issue with using entropy is the calculation itself. The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Investopedia receives compensation. Entropy is conserved for a reversible process. The difference between an isolated system and closed system is that heat may not flow to and from an isolated system, but heat flow to and from a closed system is possible. [6] He gives "transformational content" (Verwandlungsinhalt) as a synonym, paralleling his "thermal and ergonal content" (Wärme- und Werkinhalt) as the name of U, but preferring the term entropy as a close parallel of the word energy, as he found the concepts nearly "analogous in their physical significance. For such applications, ΔS must be incorporated in an expression that includes both the system and its surroundings, ΔSuniverse = ΔSsurroundings + ΔS system. {\displaystyle \oint {\frac {\delta Q_{\text{rev}}}{T}}=0.} The role of entropy in cosmology remains a controversial subject since the time of Ludwig Boltzmann. [102]:204f[103]:29–35 Although his work was blemished somewhat by mistakes, a full chapter on the economics of Georgescu-Roegen has approvingly been included in one elementary physics textbook on the historical development of thermodynamics. Entropy has often been loosely associated with the amount of order or disorder, or of chaos, in a thermodynamic system. There are many thermodynamic properties that are functions of state. For a more accessible and less technical introduction to this topic, see. Ambiguities in the terms disorder and chaos, which usually have meanings directly opposed to equilibrium, contribute to widespread confusion and hamper comprehension of entropy for most students. It has been speculated, since the 19th century, that the universe is fated to a heat death in which all the energy ends up as a homogeneous distribution of thermal energy so that no more work can be extracted from any source. The statistical definition was developed by Ludwig Boltzmann in the 1870s by analyzing the statistical behavior of the microscopic components of the system. This use is linked to the notions of logotext and choreotext. Historically, the classical thermodynamics definition developed first. In other words, entropy is used as a way to identify the best variable for which to define risk within a given system or financial instrument arrangement. Economics is a branch of social science focused on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. [59][60][61] One of the simpler entropy order/disorder formulas is that derived in 1984 by thermodynamic physicist Peter Landsberg, based on a combination of thermodynamics and information theory arguments. {\displaystyle X} Mixing a hot parcel of a fluid with a cold one produces a parcel of intermediate temperature, in which the overall increase in entropy represents a "loss" that can never be replaced. j In the 1850s and 1860s, German physicist Rudolf Clausius objected to the supposition that no change occurs in the working body, and gave this "change" a mathematical interpretation by questioning the nature of the inherent loss of usable heat when work is done, e.g. is introduced into the system at a certain temperature δ For the case of equal probabilities (i.e. The best variable is the one that deviates the least from physical reality. For instance, a substance at uniform temperature is at maximum entropy and cannot drive a heat engine. If external pressure p bears on the volume V as the only external parameter, this relation is: Since both internal energy and entropy are monotonic functions of temperature T, implying that the internal energy is fixed when one specifies the entropy and the volume, this relation is valid even if the change from one state of thermal equilibrium to another with infinitesimally larger entropy and volume happens in a non-quasistatic way (so during this change the system may be very far out of thermal equilibrium and then the whole-system entropy, pressure, and temperature may not exist). At such temperatures, the entropy approaches zero – due to the definition of temperature. As another instance, a system composed of a pure substance of a single phase at a particular uniform temperature and pressure is determined (and is thus a particular state) and is at not only a particular volume but also at a particular entropy. ˙ Newtonian particles constituting a gas, and later quantum-mechanically (photons, phonons, spins, etc.). Carnot did not distinguish between QH and QC, since he was using the incorrect hypothesis that caloric theory was valid, and hence heat was conserved (the incorrect assumption that QH and QC were equal) when, in fact, QH is greater than QC. Its central theme is that the economic process, instead of being a mechanical analogue as traditionally represented in mathematical economics, is an entropic process. X d While most authors argue that there is a link between the two,[73][74][75][76][77] a few argue that they have nothing to do with each other. The French mathematician Lazare Carnot proposed in his 1803 paper Fundamental Principles of Equilibrium and Movement that in any machine the accelerations and shocks of the moving parts represent losses of moment of activity; in any natural process there exists an inherent tendency towards the dissipation of useful energy. The thermodynamic definition of entropy was developed in the early 1850s by Rudolf Clausius and essentially describes how to measure the entropy of an isolated system in thermodynamic equilibrium with its parts. Thus, when the "universe" of the room and ice water system has reached a temperature equilibrium, the entropy change from the initial state is at a maximum. [50][51], To derive a generalized entropy balanced equation, we start with the general balance equation for the change in any extensive quantity Θ in a thermodynamic system, a quantity that may be either conserved, such as energy, or non-conserved, such as entropy. More specifically, total entropy is conserved in a reversible process and not conserved in an irreversible process. This was an early insight into the second law of thermodynamics. Transfer as heat entails entropy transfer The security market line (SML) is a line drawn on a chart that serves as a graphical representation of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). {\displaystyle T} The efficiency of devices such as photovoltaic cells requires an analysis from the standpoint of quantum mechanics. He provided in this work a theory of measurement, where the usual notion of wave function collapse is described as an irreversible process (the so-called von Neumann or projective measurement). [89] This book also divides these systems into three categories namely, natural, hybrid and man-made, based on the amount of control that humans have in slowing the relentless march of entropy and the time-scale of each category to reach maximum entropy. Flows of both heat ( In what has been called the fundamental assumption of statistical thermodynamics or the fundamental postulate in statistical mechanics, the occupation of any microstate is assumed to be equally probable (i.e. Thermodynamic entropy is an extensive property, meaning that it scales with the size or extent of a system. 0 Nevertheless, some authors argue for dropping the word entropy for the H function of information theory and using Shannon's other term "uncertainty" instead.[80]. Thus, when one mole of substance at about 0 K is warmed by its surroundings to 298 K, the sum of the incremental values of qrev/T constitute each element's or compound's standard molar entropy, an indicator of the amount of energy stored by a substance at 298 K.[47][48] Entropy change also measures the mixing of substances as a summation of their relative quantities in the final mixture. Entropy arises directly from the Carnot cycle. and equal to one, This page was last edited on 30 November 2020, at 18:14. {\displaystyle \operatorname {Tr} } Clausius then asked what would happen if there should be less work produced by the system than that predicted by Carnot's principle. [5] Clausius described entropy as the transformation-content, i.e. If there are multiple heat flows, the term [59][84][85][86][87] Recent work has cast some doubt on the heat death hypothesis and the applicability of any simple thermodynamic model to the universe in general. A thermodynamic system is a confined space, which doesn't let energy in or out of it. ) and work, i.e. {\displaystyle {\dot {Q}}/T} Most of them, however, explicitly reject the role of entropy in the primary economy, insisting that resources are always available by definition if you only invest enough labor and capital. This relation is known as the fundamental thermodynamic relation. In equations, entropy is usually denoted by the letter S and has units of joules per kelvin (J⋅K −1) or kg⋅m 2 ⋅s −2 ⋅K −1. − Entropy in a system can only increase or stay the same. [10] For example, in the Carnot cycle, while the heat flow from the hot reservoir to the cold reservoir represents an increase in entropy, the work output, if reversibly and perfectly stored in some energy storage mechanism, represents a decrease in entropy that could be used to operate the heat engine in reverse and return to the previous state, thus the total entropy change is still zero at all times if the entire process is reversible. April 1865)", "6.5 Irreversibility, Entropy Changes, and, Frigg, R. and Werndl, C. "Entropy – A Guide for the Perplexed", "Probing the link between residual entropy and viscosity of molecular fluids and model potentials", "Excess-entropy scaling in supercooled binary mixtures", "EntropyOrderParametersComplexity.pdf www.physics.cornell.edu", "On the So-Called Gibbs Paradox, and on the Real Paradox", "Reciprocal Relations in Irreversible Processes", "Self-assembled wiggling nano-structures and the principle of maximum entropy production", "Phase Equilibria & Colligative Properties", "A Student's Approach to the Second Law and Entropy", "Undergraduate students' understandings of entropy and Gibbs free energy", "Untersuchungen über die Grundlagen der Thermodynamik", "Use of Receding Horizon Optimal Control to Solve MaxEP-Based (max entropy production) Biogeochemistry Problems", "Inference of analytical thermodynamic models for biological networks", https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781493934645, "Cave spiders choose optimal environmental factors with respect to the generated entropy when laying their cocoon", "A Look at the Concept of Channel Capacity from a Maxwellian Viewpoint", "On the practical limits to substitution", "Economic de-growth vs. steady-state economy", An Intuitive Guide to the Concept of Entropy Arising in Various Sectors of Science, Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics, Proof: S (or Entropy) is a valid state variable, Thermodynamic Entropy Definition Clarification, Reconciling Thermodynamic and State Definitions of Entropy, The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Entropy&oldid=991559281, Philosophy of thermal and statistical physics, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The interpretation of entropy in statistical mechanics is the measure of uncertainty, or mixedupness in the phrase of Gibbs, which remains about a system after its observable macroscopic properties, such as temperature, pressure and volume, have been taken into account. As for the tertiary economy, most economic theories accept it as given that money is anti-entropic – it produces a steady increase in value over time, which is the theoretical justification for interest. Entropy is a function of the state of the system, so the change in entropy of a system is determined by its initial and final states. λ [101], Romanian American economist Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, a progenitor in economics and a paradigm founder of ecological economics, made extensive use of the entropy concept in his magnum opus on The Entropy Law and the Economic Process. Entropy can be defined for any Markov processes with reversible dynamics and the detailed balance property. Similarly if the temperature and pressure of an ideal gas both vary, Reversible phase transitions occur at constant temperature and pressure. The first law of thermodynamics has to do with the conservation of energy — you probably remember hearing before that the energy in a closed system remains constant ("energy can neither be created nor de… {\displaystyle X_{1}} We produce ahead-of-the-curve research on the technologies, industries, companies, and government policies that drive world markets. dissipative energy use, of a thermodynamic system or working body of chemical species during a change of state. As a fundamental aspect of thermodynamics and physics, several different approaches to entropy beyond that of Clausius and Boltzmann are valid. It synthesizes the results from various environmental endogenous growth models. , the entropy change is. [7], Willard Gibbs, Graphical Methods in the Thermodynamics of Fluids[8]. More explicitly, an energy TR S is not available to do useful work, where TR is the temperature of the coldest accessible reservoir or heat sink external to the system. There are two equivalent definitions of entropy: the thermodynamic definition and the statistical mechanics definition. It is a mathematical construct and has no easy physical analogy. pi = 1/Ω, where Ω is the number of microstates); this assumption is usually justified for an isolated system in equilibrium. 0 … In a thermodynamic system, pressure, density, and temperature tend to become uniform over time because the equilibrium state has higher probability (more possible combinations of microstates) than any other state. The question of the link between information entropy and thermodynamic entropy is a debated topic. [40] The entropy change of a system at temperature T absorbing an infinitesimal amount of heat δq Clausius, Rudolf, "Ueber verschiedene für die Anwendung bequeme Formen der Hauptgleichungen der mechanischen Wärmetheorie", Annalen der Physik, 125 (7): 353–400, 1865, Sachidananda Kangovi, "The law of Disorder,", (Link to the author's science blog, based on his textbook), Umberto Eco, Opera aperta. As a fundamental aspect of thermodynamics and physics, several different approaches to entropy beyond that of Clausius and Boltzmann are valid. Q Entropy economics contributed considerably to the development of economics by emphasising the necessity of including ecological issues in the theory of economic growth. For an open thermodynamic system in which heat and work are transferred by paths separate from the paths for transfer of matter, using this generic balance equation, with respect to the rate of change with time t of the extensive quantity entropy S, the entropy balance equation is:[52][note 1]. ∑ 1 X Following the definition of Boltzmann entropy, it can be said that in economics, the entropy is similarly a measure of the total number of available 'economic' states, whereas the energy measures the probability that any particular state in this 'economic' phase space will be realised. In contrast to the macrostate, which characterizes plainly observable average quantities, a microstate specifies all molecular details about the system including the position and velocity of every molecule. Over time the temperature of the glass and its contents and the temperature of the room become equal. Moreover, many economic activities result in … The second is caused by "voids" more or less important in the logotext (i.e. This equation effectively gives an alternate definition of temperature that agrees with the usual definition. {\displaystyle V} In summary, the thermodynamic definition of entropy provides the experimental definition of entropy, while the statistical definition of entropy extends the concept, providing an explanation and a deeper understanding of its nature. Nevertheless, for both closed and isolated systems, and indeed, also in open systems, irreversible thermodynamics processes may occur. This concept was introduced by a German physicist named Rudolf Clausius in the year 1850. Conversation between Claude Shannon and John von Neumann regarding what name to give to the attenuation in phone-line signals[71]. The right-hand side of the first equation would be the upper bound of the work output by the system, which would now be converted into an inequality, When the second equation is used to express the work as a difference in heats, we get, So more heat is given up to the cold reservoir than in the Carnot cycle. [83] Clausius was studying the works of Sadi Carnot and Lord Kelvin, and discovered that the non-useable energy increases as steam proceeds from inlet to exhaust in a steam engine. From a thermodynamicsviewpoint of entropy we do not consider the microscopic details of a system. This expression becomes, via some steps, the Gibbs free energy equation for reactants and products in the system: ΔG [the Gibbs free energy change of the system] = ΔH [the enthalpy change] − T ΔS [the entropy change]. In the first place your uncertainty function has been used in statistical mechanics under that name, so it already has a name. The heat expelled from the room (the system), which the air conditioner transports and discharges to the outside air, always makes a bigger contribution to the entropy of the environment than the decrease of the entropy of the air of that system. In an isolated system such as the room and ice water taken together, the dispersal of energy from warmer to cooler always results in a net increase in entropy. Thus it was found to be a function of state, specifically a thermodynamic state of the system. Lots of time and energy has been spent studying data sets and testing many variables. The incorporation of the idea of entropy into economic thought also owes much to the mathematician and economist Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen (1906- 1994), the son of a Romanian army officer. , − [70] In the setting of Lieb and Yngvason one starts by picking, for a unit amount of the substance under consideration, two reference states He used an analogy with how water falls in a water wheel. ... thermodynamics, or theory of information). [88] With this expansion of the fields/systems to which the Second Law of Thermodynamics applies, the meaning of the word entropy has also expanded and is based on the driving energy for that system. T As an example, for a glass of ice water in air at room temperature, the difference in temperature between a warm room (the surroundings) and cold glass of ice and water (the system and not part of the room), begins to equalize as portions of the thermal energy from the warm surroundings spread to the cooler system of ice and water. The fundamental thermodynamic relation implies many thermodynamic identities that are valid in general, independent of the microscopic details of the system. The definitions of a thermodynamic system, its boundary and the form of boundary conditions depend on the problem under consideration, but these definitions should be described appropriately. The reversible heat is the enthalpy change for the transition, and the entropy change is the enthalpy change divided by the thermodynamic temperature. Entropy Economics is a strategic insight firm focused on technology, innovation, and the global economy. {\displaystyle (1-\lambda )} heat produced by friction. This paper investigates the proper modeling of the interaction between economic growth and environmental problems, summarizes under which conditions unlimited economic growth with limited natural resources is feasible, and describes how sustainable growth can be achieved. [56] For fusion (melting) of a solid to a liquid at the melting point Tm, the entropy of fusion is, Similarly, for vaporization of a liquid to a gas at the boiling point Tb, the entropy of vaporization is. d Because it is determined by the number of random microstates, entropy is related to the amount of additional information needed to specify the exact physical state of a system, given its macroscopic specification. For this reason, it is often said that entropy is an expression of the disorder, or randomness of a system, or of the lack of information about it.
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Just the other day my husband and I were out running errands when he saw a side of me that he isn't used to seeing. For the most part in our relationship I am more passive and let him handle all of the "tough" situations. Well, on this day we were picking up something that I needed, that was very important and we had been informed that it was ready for pick-up, yet it was not. At this point, I didn't get upset, I calmly asked to speak to the manager of the establishment so that we could get it sorted out (which we did with very little problem). Once we were back in the car my hubby was chuckling a bit…admitting that he liked that I had been "bossy" to get what I needed. This conversation prompted a discussion about being assertive rather than bossy or aggressive.
Being assertive is a core communication skill, which requires you to effectively state what you need or want in a situation, without disrespecting others. Being assertive can help you reduce stress, boost your self-esteem, and earn other's respect. I like this table shown below, as it lays out the differences between the three communication styles: passive, assertive and aggressive.
If you struggle to be assertive within your relationship or with others, check out these five tips to become more assertive.
Use a calm and even tone and make eye contact. It is important to speak to someone in the way that you wish to be spoken to. Therefore, lower your tone and use clear and appropriate language. Eye contact is a powerful tool and should be used when communicating to show confidence and respect of self and others. Remain relaxed and use open body language.
Use "I statements." When you use "I statements" like "I need to change our plans" your needs and/or wants are conveyed directly. Also, this eliminates the other person's need to defend themselves as you are just expressing point.
Describe your feelings. As much as possible and appropriate express clearly what you are feeling due to the current situation. This helps to show the importance of what you are expressing and how it is affecting your life now.
Stick to your guns. You may have to repeat what you need or want. This is normal. Let the other person know that you hear them and understand where they are, then restate your point.
Learn to say no. Know your limits. Know that it is more than okay to say no in order to protect yourself from being taken advantage of. Also, know when to walk away from a situation or ask to speak to a manager in a customer service setting. Again, using the same tips, express your point.
So you see, I was just being assertive to express my needs, not "bossy" at all! If you find that you have difficulty with communication styles, contact us so we can help you express your wants and needs in a healthier way through individual therapy or couples therapy.


text:
There's no begging in Toronto's Amazon bid: Keenan
By Edward KeenanColumnist
Fri., Oct. 20, 2017timer5 min. read
"Please, baby, pleeeease. I'd do anything for you. I'm nothing without you. I neeeeeeeed you. Please!" That's an enduring theme of pop music lyrics, but it's actually a really terrible romantic overture. "I'm a desperate lonely loser who needs you to make me less desperate and lonely" is the kind of pitch that will turn almost no one on. No one you want around, anyhow. What's in it for them?
And yet it remains common among lyricists and heartsick wannabe romantics. And as it is in love, so it is, apparently, in business.
I was thinking about those pleading crooners while scanning news items about cities making their bids for Amazon's affection. The online retail giant announced it was accepting offers for a city to host its second headquarters (and the 50,000 high-tech jobs expected to come with it) and suddenly mayors were on their knees belting out ballads.
Stonecrest, Ga. promised to create a whole new city, name it after Amazon, and install the company's founder, Jeff Bezos, as mayor-for-life. Chula Vista, Calif., offered $400 million in tax incentives. Newark, N.J., upped the grasping bribery stakes to $7 billion.
More than 100 cities have put forward bids for Amazon's HQ2. Here are the weirdest
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Seattle knows all about the downsides of an Amazon headquarters
All of this was enough to make a Torontonian cringe while waiting to see what sort of sorry self-abasement our own region's bid package was likely to contain. And yet, when the Toronto Region bid book for Amazon came out this week, it didn't contain a rendition of "Ain't Too Proud to Beg." Instead, it was more like something from the independent women period of Destiny's Child: "Don't you want to dance with me? Can you handle, handle me?"
No begging involved. What incentives were we willing to offer? None.
Well, not none, exactly. The city's bid offered the incentive of locating in Toronto: an amazing city to live in, and an amazing place to do business. It explains what we are, why we're attractive, and why anyone would be foolish to overlook us. Amazon would be lucky to locate here. And that ought to be incentive enough.
How absolutely refreshing.
After all, this is a city that has never failed to contemplate how an Olympics or a World's Fair or some other bit of external validation might finally "make us want to be a better city," to paraphrase Jack Nicholson in As Good as it Gets. That's our history: If we win our bid for this BIG DEAL THING, maybe we can finally develop the Port Lands! If we land that GIANT EVENT, maybe we'll get around to building the transit we should have built for ourselves decades ago. Affordable housing construction? Maybe we could DO IT FOR THEM, if only they'll reward us with their affection.
And yet somehow, finally, in considering the prospect of inviting a new global tech giant to the city, we became aware of our own attractiveness. And felt some confidence in ourselves, with or without them. It's like a recipe for success from a self-help manual: love yourself first.
The submission reads like a manifesto of civic self confidence: "From safety, crime, healthcare, and education, to housing, culture, and economic as well as geophysical stability, the Toronto Region leads North America on every important quality of life metric," it says in one place. "Ontario was the first province in Canada to legalize same-sex marriage in 2003. We remain signatories to the Paris Climate agreement. We believe in — and enforce — gun control. Abortion is in no danger of being repealed, and birth control is accessible. We have universal healthcare and robust public schools," it goes on. "We are also fun," it also says, maybe protesting too much.
Of course, it makes the economic case for a large American company, too. It emphasizes that Toronto has the most educated workforce of any major North American city. It clues them in that our government healthcare system would save a company like Amazon $600 million a year. It points out that our talent level ranks very high but, in comparison to a major American city, our average wages are very low. The corporate income tax rate is 12.5 per cent lower than the American average and business operating costs here are "26 per cent lower than comparable tech markets."
Presumably, all of this is what helped drive Google's decision, announced formally last week, to locate a new city-building laboratory here. And it's also why Toronto is already the third-largest tech hub in North America, and is the fastest-growing tech market in the world.
But beyond those specific business benchmarks, it's fascinating to see what this proposal emphasizes. There are two pictures of the Pride Parade. Another picture of bike lanes. A picture of a graduating university class that shows off the city's obvious ethnic diversity alongside bragging points stats: "We welcome more new immigrants each year than New York, L.A., and Chicago combined. We speak over 180 languages and dialects." Lots of fawning over our walk scores and the growth plans for our transit system.
It's great that we put all this stuff down to entice a business to locate here. It's a document aimed at Amazon, but it's there ready to send out to virtually any other company looking to see what we offer.
Let Amazon decide whatever it wants. We'll be fine either way.
But I kind of wish our local politicians would also look at it and see what we're bragging about when we talk to other people about why they should move here. Because it seems too often they forget those things when they're talking to those of us who already live here.
If transit and cycling and walkability are big selling points, why do so many of our provincial and municipal debates revolve around protecting the commute times of car drivers, at almost all costs? If transit expansion and service is such an economic asset, why are we always hacking our plans back over budget worries? All these things we want to show to other people: why don't we focus on building them up even better for ourselves? Take some pride in those things, even when no one else is looking?
Edward Keenan writes on city issues ekeenan@thestar.ca. Follow: @thekeenanwire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Given $\frac{du}{dt}=au+1$, $u(0)=1$ and $\frac{dv}{dt}=bv+1$, $v(0)=1$, what are $u$ and $v$? I have the following problem which I cannot solve. I get a similar result, but nothing like the actual answer... I know this is very basic, but I cannot solve it. I would really appreciate it if someone could show me the substitution/step my professor took to solve it. Thanks a lot!
So I am given $\frac{du}{dt}=au+1$, $u(0)=1$ and $\frac{dv}{dt}=bv+1$, $v(0)=1$, what is $u$ and $v$?
I tried to solve it like this, but did not get anything:
$$\frac{du}{dt}=au+1 \implies \frac{du}{u dt}=a+1/u \implies \frac{du}{u}=(a+1/u)dt$$
But then when I integrate on both sides, I get the following:
$$\ln{u}=at+\frac{1}{u}t \implies u=e^{at}+e^{t/u}$$
However, the results for $u$ and $v$ are:
$$u=e^{at}+\frac{e^{at}-1}{a}\quad and \quad v=e^{bt}+\frac{e^{bt}-1}{b}$$

A: First off, note that
$\dfrac{du}{dt} = au + 1 \tag{1}$
and
$\dfrac{dv}{dt} = bv + 1 \tag{2}$
are really instances of the same equation
$\dfrac{dx}{dt} = \lambda x + \gamma, \;\; x(t_0) = x_0, \tag{3}$
with different parameter values in each instance.  Here $\lambda$ and $\gamma$ and $x_0$ are constants, with $x_0$ being an initial condition.
The difficulty our OP user133971 encountered in the attempt to solve such equations lies in the division by $u$ to obtain
$\dfrac{1}{u}\dfrac{du}{dt} = a + \dfrac{1}{u}, \tag{4}$
and the attempt to integrate this equation as is, via
$\int_{u_0}^u \dfrac{du}{u} = \int_{t_0}^t \dfrac{1}{u(s)} \dfrac{du(s)}{ds}ds = \int_{t_0}^t a ds + \int_{t_0}^t \dfrac{ds}{u(s)}; \tag{5}$
for though it is correct to write
$\int_{u_0}^u \dfrac{du}{u} = \ln u - \ln u_0 = \ln(\dfrac{u}{u_0}) \tag{6}$
and
$\int_{t_0}^t a ds = a(t - t_0), \tag{7}$
it is a fundamental error to assume
$\int_{t_0}^t \dfrac{ds}{u(s)} = \dfrac{t - t_0}{u}, \tag{8}$
since $u(t)$, as a function of $t$, cannot be treated as a constant and pulled out of the integral.  Indeed, the antiderivative of $1/u(t)$ is mos' 'def NOT $t/u(t)$, since
$\dfrac{d}{dt}(\dfrac{t}{u(t)}) = \dfrac{u(t) - t(du/dt(t))}{u^2(t)} \ne \dfrac{1}{u(t)} \tag{9}$
unless $du/dt = 0$.  This mistake led to the errors in the OP's final results.
An easy way to solve equations such as (3) is to write them as
$\dfrac{dx}{dt} - \lambda x = \gamma, \;\; x(t_0) = x_0, \tag{10}$
and observe that
$\dfrac{d}{dt}(e^{-\lambda t}x(t)) = -\lambda e^{-\lambda t} x(t) + e^{-\lambda t} \dfrac{dx(t)}{dt}; \tag{11}$
this is the so-called integrating factor method, for if we multiply (10) through by $e^{-\lambda t}$ we obtain
$e^{-\lambda t} \dfrac{dx}{dt} - \lambda e^{-\lambda t} x = \gamma e^{-\lambda t} \tag{12}$
or, by (11),
$\dfrac{d}{dt}(e^{-\lambda t} x(t)) = \gamma e^{-\lambda t}; \tag{13}$
(13) may now be readily integrated with respect to $t$:
$e^{-\lambda t}x(t) - e^{-\lambda t_0} x(t_0) = \int_{t_0}^t \dfrac{d}{ds}(e^{-\lambda s}x(s))ds = \int_{t_0}^t \gamma e^{-\lambda s} ds = \dfrac{\gamma}{\lambda}(e^{-\lambda t_0} - e^{-\lambda t}), \tag{14}$
from which $x(t)$ may be isolated by a few little algebraic maneuvers:
$x(t) = e^{\lambda (t - t_0)}x(t_0) + \dfrac{\gamma}{\lambda}(e^{\lambda(t - t_0)} - 1); \tag{15}$
that (15) solves (3) with the given initial condition is easily checked; the details are left to the reader.
Setting $t_0 = 0$, $x(0) = 1$, and $\gamma = 1$ we find
$x(t) = e^{\lambda t} + \dfrac{e^{\lambda t} - 1}{\lambda}; \tag{16}$
setting $\lambda = a, b$ turns (17) into the reported correct forms for $u(t)$ and $v(t)$, respectively.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A few weeks ago I was approached by our science department for assistance with students making websites. From this we developed a plan to have students create a rough draft of five slides using Google Draw. These five slides transferred information to a five page website.
To develop some consistency with the sites, I created five templates that would have the basics but allow for some creativity.
The classroom teacher presented the introductory video which I created in their classroom prior to moving to the library. This allowed for students to enter the library and get right to the sites section of Google.
Overall, this process was seamless! Students were given a taste of how a website operates without all the frustration.


Can art encourage social progress without invoking empathy? Bertolt Brecht thought so. He built convention violations into his plays in order to alienate audiences from their empathetic responses. He did this in order to encourage reasoned responses among his audience members. In so doing, Brecht ran the risk that spectators would imaginatively resist the play and focus exclusively on the convention violations. This kind of imaginative resistance does in fact undermine Brecht's purpose of achieving social progress. Contrary to Brecht's assessment, empathy is cognitive in nature and is a vehicle by which Brecht could have effectively realized his goal.


The concept of diversification is to create a portfolio that includes multiple investments; in order to reduce risks. So an investor will want to invest in numerous companies to reduce the risk than in a single company; just in case that company stock suffers a downturn. Basically, it can be summed up as "don't put all your eggs in one basket." Furthermore, the best way to reduce an investor risk is to have a combination of bonds, stocks, and cash because stocks are much riskier than bonds. Diversification can help any investor manage their risk while avoiding costly mistakes by adopting a risk level that they can live with. For example, when a portfolio is diversified it is done through the asset allocation which is bonds and stocks; in turn, the investors may want to be aggressive to create 80 percent stocks and 20 percent bonds; while others may want to be more conservative and prefer a 20 percent stock and 80 percent bonds. Also, a small portion of an investor's asset can be in the form of cash or short-term money market securities. Therefore, creating an investment mix based on the investor goal, level of risk they are willing to take, financial situation, the timeline of where you are in life, and diversification will help an investor limit losses and capture gains.
However, in addition to stocks and bonds investors have a host of other alternatives opportunities such as real estates, equities, fixed income, investment trusts and hedge funds which can provide diversification. They may not necessarily move in line with the tradition of the financial markets. Also, it depends on the investor comfort level with the different risk levels and their goals. In other words, if the money is needed sooner than for example, ten years, then it would be wiser to invest more in bonds. Especially, US Treasury and savings bonds are guaranteed by the Federal Government. Then the percentage to invest in each class of assets would depend on the investor goals.
On the contrary, an investor must look at five types of constraints before deciding on what assets to invest in. Firstly, liquidity constraints are the ability to turn the assets invested into cash within a short time period, for instance, the money maybe immediately needed to pay tuition or medical bills, etc. Secondly, there is the time constraint, in which a portfolio is expected to give a guaranteed return over a specified time period. For instance, if that money is needed before then, the investor should determine the portion to invest in short or long-term assets. Thirdly, tax constraints will depend on the various tax classes on how, when and if the capital gains of the different assets are taxed. Generally, bonds and or equities are often taxed at a lower rate than other income such as dividends. Also, an investor can opt to increase an IRA contribution and will only be taxed after retirement when the money is withdrawn. Then for legal constraints, mainly investors need to know when they can withdraw from their investments or how much can be withdrawn early for instances, and also if there are hidden fees if this happens. Finally, in the unique circumstances category, investors have to know if the companies they are investing in a manufacturer or distribute tobacco, alcohol, defense products, firearm or environmentally harmful products. An example would be, an investor who is an environmentalist may only want to invest in individual companies that do not pollute the environment, and this information should be disclosed.


text:
Q: How to remove % symbol for particular column in dataframeusing python pandas? My data frame have following data:
company,standard,returns
aaa,b1,10%
bbb,b2,20%

I have to remove % from returns column.

A: First remove last value of each string by indexing with str and then cast to int or float:
#if int values
print (df['returns'].str[:-1].astype(int))

#if flaot values
print (df['returns'].str[:-1].astype(float))

Sample:
print (df)
  company standard returns
0    tata       b1     10%
1    dell       b2     10%

#if int values
df['returns'] = (df['returns'].str[:-1].astype(int))
print (df)
  company standard  returns
0    tata       b1       10
1    dell       b2       10

Another solution with str.strip:
df['returns'] = (df['returns'].str.strip('%').astype(int))
print (df)
  company standard  returns
0    tata       b1       10
1    dell       b2       10

A: Use vectorized str.replace:
In [225]:
df['returns'] = df['returns'].str.replace('\%','')
df

Out[225]:
  company standard returns
0     aaa       b1      10
1     bbb       b2      20

You can cast the dtype afterwards using astype(int) or astype(float)


I will ensure that every child has a right to a high-quality education, no matter what their background or perceived educational potential.
I will ensure that staff have high expectations of all their pupils.
I will ensure that all staff receive expert advice and training.
I will ensure that all our constituent Academies receive high-quality, hands-on support at all levels.
I will ensure that any Academy that joins our family will be successful and ultimately outstanding.
I will ensure that Tollbar MAT creates an Academy that the parents and community can be proud of.


Caring Network began in 2009 as a convening of TRUST congregations who were concerned about the numbers of community members requesting financial help from the congregations and the churches' ability to meet needs and be good stewards of the congregations' resources. At that time, it was called Helping out in Hard Times. The group began with education and eventually Bethlehem Lutheran and Judson Baptist created a fund called Starfish Network, modeled after and mentored by the St. Joan of Arc Care Fund. It began giving in late 2010, and they are inviting other congregations to join in this effort.
The Starfish ministry's number is 952-686-4124. Those seeking help must live in the area of south Minneapolis east of France Avenue, north of Highway 494, west of Hiawatha Avenue and south of 394 OR be a member of either Bethlehem Lutheran or Judson Baptist churches and live anywhere.
St. Joan of Arc Care Fund gives those in financial crisis a helping hand. Those making requests must live in the area east of France Avenue, south of 394/94, north of Highway 62, and west of the Mississippi River. The Care Fund welcomes anyone in need who lives in the service area to apply for help. Those needing help may call the CARE Fund at 612-554-4128.
Listed below are some of the services available from local congregations.
Free Community Meal on the 4th Saturday of the month from 12—1.
Richfield Methodist , 5835 Lyndale Avenue S.
God's Hands Thrift Store, open every Saturday from 9 AM to Noon, Every item is sold for 25 cents.
Minnehaha Methodist, 3701 E. 50th Street on the 4th Saturday of the month.
Doors open at 9:00 AM. Each adult can take two bags of groceries. The cost is $2.00 per bag.
They also provide a Food Shelf on Tuesdays from 10:30 AM -3:00 PM. Doors open at 10:00 AM.
They serve Minneapolis households south of Lake Street and east of Cedar Avenue.
Call the church at 612 – 721-6231 for information.
Saturday from 9:00 AM – Noon.
Call the church at 612-827-2504 for more information.
Free Wednesday night suppers served weekly from 5:45-6:30 p.m.
Go to http://livingspiritumc.org and click on the calendar page for menus.
All God's Children MCC, 3100 Park Avenue S.
Third Sunday of the month from 11:00-12:30.
Contact Brian at 612-824-2673 for information.


Create a fast, reliable network connection that also powers your Ethernet device.
With the Readynet E200POE, you can instantly turn any IEEE802.3af PoE-enabled device, such as a wireless hotspot, VoIP phone, or IP camera, into a HomePlug Powerline network device. Once the E200POE is on the Powerline network, you no longer have to pull Ethernet cables from one device to another. Network content is transferred over electrical power lines.
The E200POE operates on the HomePlug AV standard, providing up to 200Mbps bandwidth over AC wiring. With its built-in power supply the E200POE provides electrical power to your IEEE802.3af PoE-enabled Ethernet device using an Ethernet cable. This feature eliminates the need for an extra power supply, and is safe for use as a network adapter with non-PoE-enabled devices.


text:
Health Care Resources
COVID-19 Infographics
Viviana Martinez-Bianchi MD, FAAFP
Director for Health Equity, Associate Professor, Duke Department of Family and Community Health
Co-founder of LATIN-19
Advisor to the NC DHHS on latina community health
Interested in global and community health equity, advocacy, social Justice and accountability
Read Viviana's Full Bio
Gabriela Maradiaga Panayotti, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Duke Children's Primary Care
Primary care pediatrician proudly serving a diverse community in Durham, NC
Experienced leader and clinician with interest in breastfeeding, nutrition, childhood obesity, and advocacy for immigrant families
Works to improve communication of medical information to families through writing and social media
Read Gabriela's Full Bio
Leonor Corsino, MD, MHS
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke School of Medicine; Associate Dean of Students Affairs/Duke School of Medicine; Associate Director, Duke School of Medicine Master of Biomedical Sciences; Co-Director for the Duke CTSI- Community Engaged Research Initiative (CERI)
Board-Certified Internist and Adult Endocrinologist and an experienced physician-scientist, organizational and health professional education leader
Long-standing history working with the local Latinx community since 2006
Collaboration with the community includes research and interventions aiming to reduce diabetes, hypertension, and obesity in the local and national Latinx communities
Advocate for Latinx access to health care and education
Read Leonor's Full Bio
Rosa M. Gonzalez-Guarda, PhD, MPH, RN, CPH, FAAN
Associate Professor & Dorothy L. Powell Term Chair of Nursing, Duke University School of Nursing; Co-Director, Community Engaged Research Initiative (CERI), Duke Clinical Translational Science institute
Nurse scientist dedicated to promoting health equity among Latinx communities in the U.S. through addressing social and structural determinants of health in this population
Uses community engaged participatory approaches to develop, test, and disseminate culturally tailored and strengths-based health promotion programs addressing acculturation stress, resilience, and co-occurring mental and physical health conditions among Latinx communities, especially first generation immigrants
Read Rosa's Full Bio
Irene Felsman, DNP, MPH, RN, C-GH
Assistant Clinical Professor, Duke School of Nursing; Faculty Affiliate, Duke Global Health Institute
Nurse-educator and researcher with expertise in global and community/public health
Focused on using community engaged methods for the development of culturally aligned interventions to improve health and access to care for marginalized women and children and families in diverse settings, including refugees and Latinx immigrants
Read Irene's Full Bio
Kiah Gaskin, MPH, MSW
Research Program Leader, Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute
Helps academic and community-based investigators navigate the complexities of partnered research, with particular expertise in population health improvement, health equity, and dissemination and implementation science
Favorite part about community-engaged research is seeing the fruit of authentic and sometimes surprising relationships built and sustained over time
Read Kiah's Full Bio
Alejandro Peña
Principal Consultant – Stone Soup Consulting
Purpose-driven leader with 25+ years of global and cross-cultural expertise in organizational development, with a special focus in the design and implementation of institutional, communications and fundraising strategies
Passionate about promoting inclusion, diversity, equity and access
Read Alejandro's Full Bio
Gabriela (Gaby) Nagy, PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the Duke University School of Medicine; Clinical Assistant Professor in the Duke University School of Nursing
Clinical psychologist engaged in health disparities research, working towards improving the health of distinct underserved communities with a particular focus on Latinx immigrants
Passionate about helping clinicians provide culturally-conscious health care
Read Gaby's Full Bio
Pablo Friedmann
Director, Multilingual Resource Center, Durham Public Schools


text:
ZOOM IN by clicking on the page. A slider will appear, allowing you to adjust your zoom level. Return to the original size by clicking on the page again.
MOVE the page around when zoomed in by dragging it.
ADJUST the zoom using the slider on the top right.
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SEARCH by entering text in the search field and click on "In This Issue" or "All Issues" to search the current issue or the archive of back issues respectively. .
PRINT by clicking on thumbnails to select pages, and then press the print button.
SHARE this publication and page.
ROTATE PAGE allows you to turn pages 90 degrees clockwise or counterclockwise.Click on the page to return to the original orientation. To zoom in on a rotated page, return the page to its original orientation, zoom in, and then rotate it again.
CONTENTS displays a table of sections with thumbnails and descriptions.
ALL PAGES displays thumbnails of every page in the issue. Click on a page to jump.
BROWSE ISSUES allows you to browse through every available issue.
Advocate Communications : Fiordland Advocate 20 November 2009
PUZZLE PAGE Fiordland Advocate Page 10 | 20 November, 2009 ACROSS 1 Smoked plant (7) 4 Misleading clue (3,7) 9 Small axe (7) 13 Very small amount (4) 14 Look up to (6) 15 Take up where one left off (6) 16 Illicit romance (7) 19 Open-air stalls selling cheap goods (4,6) 20 Trade and manufacture (8) 21 Rogue (5) 24 Workshop (6) 25 Leapt (6) 27 Motor racing event (5,4) 32 Invention (8) 33 Motto (6) 34 Bunch of flowers (7) 38 Greatly enraged (8) 39 Window screens (6) 40 Ring (4) 41 Gemstone (5) 42 Stairway (5) 45 Cast flirtatious looks at someone (4,3,4,3) 52 House of wives (5) 55 Domesticated (5) 56 Chores (4) 57 On ship (6) 58 Island in West Indies (8) 61 Deliberately sink (7) 62 Doubtful (6) 63 Meal cooked outdoors (8) 66 Debts rile (anag)(9) 68 Going to the polls (6) 69 Sea mammal (6) 73 Care for (5) 74 Consent (8) 76 She ate porridge without permission (10) 81 Finished (7) 82 Old coin (6) 83 Lyrical (6) 84 Roman garment (4) 85 Grow wealthy (7) 86 Job applicant's documents (10) 87 Wide open (7) DOWN 1 Shoplifter (5) 2 Flatter, pay insincere compliments (6,2) 3 Commands (6) 4 Elevate (5) 5 Affair of honour (4) 6 Jewellery item (7) 7 Dwell (6) 8 Identifies (5) 10 Dry (4) 11 Dry red wine (7) 12 Develop over time (6) 17 New settlers (10) 18 Lying face downwards (5) 22 Armoured glove (8) 23 Ladle (5) 24 Small shiny garment decorations (7) 26 Bucket (4) 28 Got to (7) 29 One of poor character, reputation (3,3) 30 Prehistoric plant, animal remains (6) 31 Threat (6) 33 Feel (5) 35 Allocated share (5) 36 Spots (4) 37 Duplicate (4) 43 Hypnotic state (6) 44 Fabric fold (5) 46 Worshipped statue (4) 47 Crux (7) 48 Temporary break in a series (6) 49 Small group of trees (5) 50 Circus tumblers (8) 51 Gained by work (6) 52 MP's courtesy title (10) 53 Impolite (4) 54 Interferes (7) 59 Conflict (5) 60 Broad smile (4) 64 Entice (5) 65 Vegetable (8) 67 Classes (7) 68 Settlement (7) 70 Writer (6) 71 Inflict retribution (6) 72 Peculiarity (6) 75 Red powder (5) 77 Makes the first move (5) 78 Jargon (5) 79 Evil monster (4) 80 Long heroic narrative (4) Solution next week Last week's solution Page 14
Fiordland Advocate 13 November 2009


Designing is one field that is seeing a boom in number of creative people joining the queue of the ingenious designers. Seeing this, the availability of useful resources too is becoming easy for the fact that designers keep looking for the same but have shortage of time and love things that are handy.
Fonts for example play the vital role in designing. We all love superb, visually appealing and easy-to-read typography. To communicate effectively, designers all around the world are on lookout for best free fonts that suit their need and when they find it easy to check out the cool ones all at the same place, they are able to save on their time and efforts.
Besides, color selection and other elements, fonts play a vital role in enabling designers give shape to their ideas as creatively as possible. Free fonts are everywhere but like anything quality varies from font to font. With little research it is possible to find some really high-quality free fonts that don't wear a hefty price tag instead are available for free.
Do you need fresh free fonts to make your designs communicate with the users effectively and the ones that don't prove to be difficult to understand? This article comprises of such best new fonts that will make you drool over. Carefully handpicked, these fresh free fonts will make your design sparkle. Download them by clicking the link given below the images and use them in your next design projects.
Being the important part of designing, fonts that are available for free and are fresh ones are always welcome by the designers. In the quest to help you designers, narrow down your search and get them handy to be used in different projects, we collected these fresh free fonts and placed them all under the same roof. With the hope that these will help save your time and efforts, we are all set to wind up and work on making the list of some other useful resources.
Feel free to join in by sharing with us any new free fonts if you have any. As always you are welcome to share your thoughts with us. Drop in your valuable comments and let us know what do you think of these free fonts and which one is your pick for your next designing project.
Thanks Yogesh for the round-up… Some beautiful fonts here!!
We are glad that you like the article Sanjeev. Stay tuned there are lot more freebies coming up on TheNeoDesign.com!
Wow, the fonts are great! Thank you so much!
but I wonder are they for personal use only?


text:
O Condado de Lafayette é um dos 75 condados do estado americano do Arkansas. Sua sede de condado é Clarksville. Sua população, segundo o censo americano de 2000, é de 8 559 habitantes.

Lafayette

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Pathfinding.Utils
{
    /// <summary>
    ///
    /// </summary>
    public class NodeComparer : Comparer<INode>
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="x"></param>
        /// <param name="y"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override int Compare(INode x, INode y)
        {
            return (int)x.Utils.F - (int)y.Utils.F;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Nice to wake up on the first day of my mini road trip with the sun shining, maybe it's time to go see some Barndoor buses today! But first things first, time to open the cargo doors, let the sunshine in and get some breakfast sorted. Having allowed an extra day to get there, it's nice not to have to rush anywhere first thing. So after breakfast, it was nice to have a leisurely walk around Grobbendonk and check out the area and the local food shops.
Evam Classic Open-house & BBQ – a great way to kick off the pre-show!
So today was split into travelling to two destinations. From 14.00 – 19.00 o'clock there will be an 'Open-house and BBQ' at Klassic Fab and Evam Classic, the European importer of the funky green panels in Woerden, the Netherlands where people going to the Ben Pon show were invited to visit. A BBQ and Barndoor buses? I didn't need to be asked twice!
Before heading off, I found out my friend Caroline (and Adam) of rainy day cake escape fame from Hessisch Oldendorf HO17 will be also be going to Ben Pon. So we arranged to catch up at the BBQ before heading off to the 2nd European Barndoor Gathering at Wagenwerkplaats in Amersfoort. I was going to ask if Adam had once again brought cake supplies, but thought that I might be pushing my luck the second time around!
It was great that the crew of Evam Classic had put this on. So when I arrived in the afternoon, they had drinks and BBQ all sorted. It was interesting to have a quick look at their workshop (with various buses and projects for sale) as well as grab a drink and a burger.
Seemed like this was quite a popular stop off point, as already there were plenty of interesting air cooled vehicles to look at parked in and around their workshop facility.
Being the older sibling/relative of my bus, it was interesting to see the differences that exist and how the design was developed and evolved from the Barndoor era buses (made between 1949 – March 1955). Just look at the über cool simplicity of a Barndoor bus dash – pure design minimalism!
OK, so I suspect this is not a stock engine in the back of this particular barndoor bus, but who doesn't like a bit of carbon fibre shroud action with their Porsche cooling fan and twin carbs! Broom broom!
I suspect this is not a stock engine in the back of the bus!
Looks like this show might involve lots of picture taking. Sorry, not sorry!
following the semaphore directions of my friends 1955 Palm Green/Sand Green – no sat nav required!
The remainder of the journey to Amersfoort didn't take too long and we actually arrived a bit early so were directed to a pre-arrival holding car park until the gates were officially opened.
Once we were let into the grounds, there was a bit of initial confusion as to where people would be camping as another event (a wedding) was taking place and was still using the prime camping area. Apparently, they were not so keen on a whole bunch of vintage air-cooled VW vehicles photobombing their wedding photos!
So everyone was initially ushered into the overspill camping area for the night. No major issues as there seemed to be plenty of room for everyone to fit without issue.
As everyone drove in and pitched up, it was quite an amazing view seeing the variety of vehicles that were turning up. Caroline and Adam were reserving spots for a couple of other friends in buses coming from the UK and Germany as part of the Split Screen Van Club (SSVC) and invited me to join their little group for the weekend, which was nice! 🙂 As a bit of a lapsed member, I'm sure I might get a bit of teasing over the weekend about renewing my membership!
from 666 to type 166… Hessisch rocks!
Nice read with thought and I intent ,point to add maybe cost of trip fuel ferry .
Thinking of a Europe show trip myself.
P and O Ferries do this really good deal with season tickets where you buy a series of tickets in advance at a fixed (reduced price) and you can then use them over a year. Because I was doing shows like Ninove and Hessisch Oldendorf, this worked out really well for me so crossings were only £36 each way.


text:
Posts Tagged 'Suddeutsche Zeitung'
Counterpunch on Udo Ulfkotte's 'Bought Journalists'
Today Counterpunch published a very interesting article by Thomas Harrington, 'Europe's "Bought Journalists"', on the promotion of pro-American, pro-Israel neoliberal imperialist policies in the European press, even in traditionally left-wing papers like the Groaniad, El Pais, the Suddeutsche Zeitung, Le Monde and La Reppublica, heavy weight papers with a record of supporting progressive politics. Harrington states that future historians will be amazed how a continent, with a sophisticated and critical intellectual culture, came to be dominated by American elite interests. He notes that America has always been keen to 'manage the perceptions' of its various allied countries as part of its Cold War campaign against Communism and the Soviet Union. It is an intrinsic part of what Donald Rumsfeld described as 'full spectrum dominance'. This has now got to the point where American neoliberal interests now override those of Europe's own peoples in the minds of their journalists. He compares this absolute belief in American, neoliberal cultural hegemony with religion in that this is uncritical accepted in absolute faith. He also states that when explanations are sought how this situation came about, the standard explanation is that the European population has got older, and so more conservative. But this can't explain how Moises Naim, who was previously a member of one of South America's corrupt governments, an arch-Zionist, former director of the World Bank, and also a former editor of Foreign Policy, which Harrington describes as the 'in-house Bible of American imperialism', came to be the weekend foreign policy 'guru' for Spain's El Pais, a newspaper which is pro-welfare and anti-interventionist, while Spain is also generally pro-Palestinian. He suggests that it is due to the co-option of European journalists by the American secret state, and urges his readers to watch a linked interview with the Frankfurter Allgemeine's Udo Ulfkotte. The Frankfurter Allgemeine is Germany's foremost newspaper, with a centre-right bias, rather like the Times over here. Ulfkotte in the interview describes Germany as an American colony and a 'banana republic' because of the way its journalists have been deeply compromised through their collaboration with the CIA and the German intelligence agency. Ulfkotte has written a book, Gekaufte Journalisten – 'Bought Journalists' – about this corruption. It's a bestseller over the North Sea in the Bundesrepublik, but for some strange reason an English translation keeps being put off.
The article's at http://www.counterpunch.org/2016/08/02/europes-bought-journalists/
I'm not surprised at Ulfkotte's allegations, which seem only too plausible. Lobster has published several pieces over the years about the way the press has been used and manipulated to push the Atlantic alliance against the Soviet Union, and the role of particular journos in publishing disinformation and propaganda on behalf of the British intelligence agencies. Ulfkotte doesn't mention it in his interview, but leading British journalists were also included in the British-American Project for the Successor Generation, a Reaganite project to train up pro-American future politicians, such as Tony Blair. But you won't read much about it, because when one journo on one of the papers did – I think it was in the Times – he found the article spiked by the editor because he was another of BAP's alumni.
As for the problem of getting a translation of Ulfkotte's book into English, it struck me that what might be needed here is a version of the old 'samizdat' underground publication system for the nominally 'free world'. Samizdat was the underground publishing system in the former Soviet Union, in which literature that had been suppressed by the Communist authorities was illegally copied and circulated. Among the works published and distributed in this way was Boris Pasternak's Dr Zhivago. The people, who read samizdat literature described how they did so in utter secrecy. A book was often read in a single night, because it was too dangerous to keep hold of such books for very long. If a system like this is what is needed to publish book's like Ulfkotte's in Britain – or at least, England, if Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland go their own way after Brexit, then it will show very clearly that Jeremy Corbyn is right, and that David Cameron has created a 'zombie democracy'. Though the credit mustn't go just to the Tories. Tony Blair also did much to create the surveillance state and the system of secret courts that Cameron expanded, and which May will probably preserve and extend even more.
Tags:'Counterpunch', 'Europe's "Bought Journalist"', 'Gekaufte Journalisten', 'Le Monde', Boris Pasternak, Brexit, British American Project, CIA, Cold War, David Cameron, Donald Rumsfeld, Dr Zhivago, El Pais, Foreign Policy, Frankfurter Allgemeine, Imperialism, Jeremy Corbyn, La Reppublica, Moises Naim, Neoliberalism, Newspapers, Northern Ireland, Palestinians, Ronald Reagan, Samizdat, Soviet Union, Suddeutsche Zeitung, The Guardian, The Times, Theresa May, Thomas Harrington, tony blair, Udo Ulfkotte, World Bank
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The 31st Aerospace Medicine Squadron assigned to 31st Medical Group of the 31st Fighter Wing stationed at Aviano AB, Italy, consists of six flights: Public Health, Optometry, Flight Medicine, Aerospace Physiology, Bioenvironmental Engineering and Health Promotion.
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Fredo's Fresh Produce News
When the good citizens of Stilbaai get "gatvol"
Oct 23, 2021 | Travel | 2 comments
In Afrikaans there is a lovely word that describes the mood when you have really been pushed too far. We then say we are now "gatvol" and when we say that we normally mean it.
Fredo thought about this description when he learnt about a dispute in one of Stilbaai's neighbourhoods – with the local Hessequa Council. In short, a matter which has been allowed to drag on for close to three years, boiled over this week. The "gatvol" stage was reached when the citizens got a negative response to an appeal following council approval for the development of cluster housing – more than 30 units – on the old fynbos nursery site next to the Joggensfontein road.
The old nursery belonged to none other than the legendary late Prof Tol Pienaar, environmentalist and campaigner for the protection of the natural environment at Stilbaai. Fredo once spoke to the good Professor about his views on holistic development plans which should be in harmony with nature. To put it mildly, Prof Tol would turn in his grave if he knew what was happening on this beautiful piece of land.
Most people would agree that the site is probably suitable for four to six houses at the maximum. But more than 30? Plus the increase in traffic and the drain on infra-structure in what is an area where people invested a considerable amount of money in building homes which they thought would allow them to have a happy retirement.
The citizens – once told that the Hessequa Council had decided to approve the development – appealed the decision at great cost. After the appeal was considered, they were told that they had to put up with the decision or shut up. What sent the temperature over the top, was when they were further told that the Council has also decided to increase the units from the mid-30's to 50 houses.
That was when the "gatvol" level was breached. Now it seems that an 'Opstoot", which is another Afrikaans word for 'Revolt', would be inevitable. The Council, probably realizing that they bit off more than they could chew so close to the local government election on 1 November, suggested the two parties smoke a peace pipe. The citizens were invited to a meeting at the Council, but when some 60 of them accepted the invitation, the Council backtracked. "We can only meet with ten representatives," they said.
The social media went crazy, something which is obviously of concern for the governing party so close to the election. Afterall, with competition between the parties contesting the election increasing, the governing party is concerned that bad publicity will cost them votes.
Elections and 'opstootjies' of the past
Fredo recently blogged about the fact that these days elections are not the same anymore. In earlier years people took elections seriously. Party meetings often developed in brawls or what essentially was a good punch-up in the back of the hall. With the good citizens in such a mood, who knows what could happen at the meeting which is due for next week. It is time for cool heads and staying friendly with the citizens if you are the government.
When Fredo first moved to Stilbaai and saw that his neighbour was working in his garage in his red overall, he was delighted. Fredo promptly introduced his own party – the EFF (Environmentally Friendly Fellows – with predominantly red colours) – not to be confused with Julius' red party. His neighbour at first was confused and just about saw red. Julius' party is clearly not welcome in this neighbourhood.
Now, with this new "Opstoot" looming, the citizens know Fredo's party well – the Environmentally Friendly Fellows fights for living in harmony with nature.
The citizens said they would welcome Frodo's support – they may even consider voting for his party.
Fredo hopes that the Hessequa Council will take the views of its citizens seriously. Hessequa is clearly a well-governed council. That is why Fredo cannot understand why they allow this kind of situation to develop, especially at such a critical time. This kind of project will clearly put more money in the Council coffers and will make some businessman rich.
In times of distress, in the old days, one of Fredo's friends always used to shout out – "What about the workers?"
Fredo almost feels inclined to now shout out – "What about the citizens?"
Pieter Mellet	on Oct 27, 2021 at 3:52 pm
It is sad that the Stilbaai municipality seems only to be acting in terms of their own pockets, extra rates and taxes. It's blatantly clear that many older people living in Stilbaai are already struggling to make ends meet due to gready council members. It's time their salaries are made public. It would be interesting to see what percentage of the monies generated by the Stilbaai rate payers are actually used for the Stilbaai infrastructure compared to wage bill's.
Fred	on Oct 28, 2021 at 2:32 pm
Thank you for your comment – which regard as entirely your own views and not that of the editor of the blog. We think you should address some of your statements directly with Hassequa. It is merely for us to note that Hassequa is amongst the five top performing municipalities in the country. It has a long track record of performance and have over the past ten years moved the Hassequa from basically being bankrupt to one with a good surplus. It does not mean that one would agree with all they do – and when we differ – we will point it out. But let us be fair.
We also understand that the Hassequa had a very productive meeting with representatives of those who were upset about the new development and we welcome that.
During the summer months – from October till April – the valleys of the Cape region provides the best of summer fruits – look out for our stories on grapes, peaches, nectarines, plums, apples and pears! We also write about our wonderful avocadoes and citrus fruits, and our berries and cherries!
More about us >>
Fredo's Fresh Produce News
We publish books on life stories, the history of our country and its peoples and poetry. Look out for 'Thoughts of a Long Time ago', the Quest for Quality, a historical review of South African table grapes and its products and peoples.
Our own moment of truth and reconciliation
We have no words – we have lost our moral compass – our Arch!
If only one Stilbaai citizen's honesty can rub off on politicians
It is worth looking after the genes of the old Saffron pear tree
What kept us sane during Covid in the Southern Cape


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Each of the alumni below were a part of Swimming while they attended Hanford High. Register if you would like to be listed below.
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At some point in your studies full, timed practice tests will become part of the routine. As such, it's critical that you understand exactly how to self-administer a sample LSAT. Here I'm going to outline exactly how to craft the perfect practice test experience!
What follows is a list of considerations related to practice test-taking. I've also included links to resources for each of these points in case you need more information.
Like any serious discussion of the LSAT, the most appropriate way to begin is by talking about mentality. We've talked at length about the proper mindset in previous blog posts (both for Positive Thinking, and, interestingly, Negative Thinking). I'll try to spare you too much redundancy, but suffice it to say that if you're planning to take a practice test under any sort of adverse mental conditions, you should probably reconsider. Whether it be you're tired from a long day or lack the motivation to take an entire exam. Regardless, if you cannot commit your full mental and physical resources to the task, you're going to under-perform. Unfortunately this likely to result in bad habits and undermine some self-confidence in the process. Consider your mental state before you take a practice test and make sure to have the right attitude before beginning.
There are a number of materials available that use "simulated" questions, which are created by test prep companies to mimic actual test content without paying licensing costs. While the quality of these certainly varies, as a general rule they're a poor substitute for the real thing: questions designed by the test makers and actually administered on previous LSATs. The good news is that official questions are easily obtained, and not terribly expensive. Our LSAT publications page has full PrepTests available for purchase, as well as Question Collections (questions/passages/games taken from multiple tests and grouped by type), so access to real test content is never more than a few clicks away!
Granted, some people will want to take dozens of practice tests, and will therefore have to dip into some older content, but the newer the test, typically the better the predictor it is of what you are likely to encounter on test day. That is not to say that tests from the 90s aren't worthwhile (they are immensely valuable for certain purposes), but be sure to save at least a few of the most recently-administered LSATs to take as your final practice tests. Again, a full sampling of LSATs can be found here.
The LSAT consists of five 35-minute sections, four of which are scored, and one of which is experimental. So I always encourage people to add a fifth section to their timed practice tests, as you are guaranteed to encounter that on the actual LSAT. Anyone who has taken this exam will attest to the fact that it is in part a test of mental endurance, so to build that endurance prior to test day you have to train yourself with a task that mirrors the real thing. Simply pull a section from an older LSAT and add it to an entire four-section test, and then treat all five sections as though they count.
Side note #1: It can be hard to convince yourself to treat a section as real when you know that it's not, so perhaps the most ideal situation would be to have a friend/colleague print out, or tear from a book, a complete test and an additional section, and then shuffle the sections together without informing you which is experimental. Covering up or cutting off section and page numbers will also help to disguise the un-scored section.
Side note #2: If you are unable to add an experimental section for whatever reason, then take all four sections of your practice test without a break. This is the best approximation of the LSAT if the experimental is removed.
You can learn more about the LSAT experimental section here and here!
As I noted above, you need to acclimate yourself to actual test day conditions. As such, you will need to take your practice test under the time constraints you'll face when it counts. You can use our LSAT Virtual Proctor to do this, or you can do it your own way. All you need is a programmable timer/alarm on a watch, handheld timer, or phone. Give yourself a strict 35 minutes for each section. Only take a break between sections 3 and 4 of your 5-section LSAT (or no break for a 4-section test).
It's a sad truth that the LSAT would be a much more appealing experience if it could be taken from the comfort of your home or office. "Truth" because people tend to perform better in an environment with which they are familiar. "Sad" because as much as you prefer your kitchen table, LSATs are administered in a public room full of strangers. Try to take at least one or two practice tests in a similar public setting to simulate test day. The stark difference can be unnerving, not to mention distracting, so acclimating yourself can help.
The library at your school (or a public library), the back corner of a coffee shop…anywhere that's fairly quiet and allows you to sit for several hours uninterrupted, but that will still have people moving around and making a bit of noise. Not every practice test needs to be taken in this type of environment, but I strongly recommend you attempt a few in a public place.
To familiarize yourself with exactly what to expect on test day, review this information.
I don't mean "early" as in begin preparing well in advance… although that is absolutely recommended! Instead I mean plan to take practice tests leading up to the LSAT at the same time of day the actual test is administered, which likely means early in the morning. Read up on our "Not a Morning Person?" post for an in-depth guide of how to tackle this.
Each of the recommendations is based on the principle of accurately mimicking the day of the test. Test content, pacing, and environment are important focal points of your studying method, and this one should be no different. Typically, the LSATs administered on Saturdays have been 8:20am exams. This is an odd time for most people to be performing the mental gymnastics needed to score well. So get your body and mind as comfortable as possible! Take your practice tests at a time when your actual LSAT is scheduled.
Not sure when your LSAT begins? A list of test dates and administration times is available here.
Admittedly this isn't so much about the test taking itself, but the final piece of maximizing the value of your practice test experience. Any practice test is incomplete without it. You need to perform a thorough post-test review, analyze your performance, and determine the most appropriate study plan moving forward. Without this type of comprehensive self-analysis there is no way to determine why you scored as you did. As a result, your potential for improvement is severely restricted. Put more succinctly, you must identify and understand your mistakes if you expect to have any chance of correcting them.
PowerScore has created an incredible and totally free Self Study Site for all test takers. It features several comprehensive study plans based on your predicted preparation timeline. You also have access to our powerful Test Scoring and Feedback system. With this, you're able to enter in answers and receive a detailed score and performance analysis in return. Take advantage of these resources as you review your practice tests!
So there you have it, the pieces I believe comprise the ideal practice test experience. That said, there is one final point I'd like to make. "Ideal" is a far cry from "worthwhile." Even if you find that you cannot satisfy every one of these points, there can still be a tremendous amount of value in taking timed LSATs. A 4-section test, a test from 1994, or a test taken in the evening at home are all better than no test at all, provided you do your best to meet as many of the recommendations above as possible.
About how many practice tests should I have in my goal range before I should be confident that I can perform that way on actual test day?
Hi Paula – thanks for the question, it's a good one!
There's no perfect number of tests that you should plan to take—it can vary greatly from student to student—so instead of me attempting to specify that, instead let me give you a couple of good indicators that you're likely to duplicate your practice test performance on test day.
First, you want the tests you're using as predictors (both in terms of score and general consistency) to be official LSATs that are fairly recent—within the past 4 years or so, typically—and taken under strict, test-day conditions. So an untimed exam, or a four-section exam, or an exam taken in the comfort of your home can all be useful study tools, but they don't do a great job of replicating what the real thing is like. Hence, they aren't as reliable predictively as a timed, five-section test taken in a library, say.
I realize it might not be feasible to take *every* practice test under real-test conditions, but you want to take as many as possible that way if you can, especially in the 2-3 weeks leading up to test day!
Second, in the few weeks leading up to test day, be mindful of your overall scoring range. Individual exam results are helpful to know, of course, but one test—good or bad—isn't nearly as representative of who you truly are as several tests will be. So you may not hit the exact same number on test day as you attained on your most recent, pre-test LSAT, but chances are good you'll be within the range of the last 3-4 tests you've taken (presuming they're all fairly recent relative to the real LSAT).
Finally, your state of mind plays an undeniable role in all of this. That is, some people tend to thrive under the pressures of test day, while others crumble. So be aware of your mentality as you take practice tests and relate that to how you're feeling when you sit for the actual LSAT—if the two are similar those practice tests should be fairly accurate predictors; if you're far more focused, or far more nervous/anxious, you may find your actual score goes up or down a bit, respectively.


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package sun.swing.plaf.synth;

import javax.swing.plaf.synth.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.regex.*;

/**
 * WARNING: This class is an implementation detail and is only
 * public so that it can be used by two packages. You should NOT consider
 * this public API.
 *

 * StyleAssociation is used to lookup a style for a particular
 * component (or region).
 *
 * @author Scott Violet
 */
public class StyleAssociation {
    /**
     * The style
     */
    private SynthStyle _style;

    /**
     * Pattern used for matching.
     */
    private Pattern _pattern;
    /**
     * Matcher used for testing if path matches that of pattern.
     */
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    /**
     * Identifier for this association.
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    private int _id;

    /**
     * Returns a StyleAssociation that can be used to determine if
     * a particular string matches the returned association.
     */
    public static StyleAssociation createStyleAssociation(
        String text, SynthStyle style)
        throws PatternSyntaxException {
        return createStyleAssociation(text, style, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a StyleAssociation that can be used to determine if
     * a particular string matches the returned association.
     */
    public static StyleAssociation createStyleAssociation(
        String text, SynthStyle style, int id)
        throws PatternSyntaxException {
        return new StyleAssociation(text, style, id);
    }

    private StyleAssociation(String text, SynthStyle style, int id)
                 throws PatternSyntaxException {
        _style = style;
        _pattern = Pattern.compile(text);
        _id = id;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the developer specified identifier for this association, will
     * be 0 if an identifier was not specified when this
     * StyleAssociation was created.
     */
    public int getID() {
        return _id;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if this StyleAssociation matches the
     * passed in CharSequence.
     *
     * @return true if this StyleAssociation matches the
     * passed in CharSequence.if this StyleAssociation.
     */
    public synchronized boolean matches(CharSequence path) {
        if (_matcher == null) {
            _matcher = _pattern.matcher(path);
        }
        else {
            _matcher.reset(path);
        }
        return _matcher.matches();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the text used in matching the string.
     *
     * @return the text used in matching the string.
     */
    public String getText() {
        return _pattern.pattern();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the style this association is mapped to.
     *
     * @return the style this association is mapped to.
     */
    public SynthStyle getStyle() {
        return _style;
    }
}


One way to mark the end of a year and get recharged and ready for the next one is by indulging yourself in a little (or large) December vacation. It's the perfect Christmas treat for your family or a way to escape with a group of friends, and with so many great destinations on offer there's a place just right for you, whatever you're into. Here are some picks to get you started.
There are many great holiday destinations throughout Egypt, which will allow you to choose from a trip spent with total relaxation or one that involves seeing some fantastic ancient sites. A week or two in the traditional tourist destination of Sharm el-Sheikh, where average temperatures in December reach a high of almost 25C, will allow you to develop a great tan. Meanwhile, Cairo offers all the wonders of ancient Egypt within easy distance.
But for a true adventure holiday you should grab your skis or snowboard – or anything else you might want to travel on down the slopes – and head to one of the great European skiing destinations. The Arlberg Ski Circus in Austria is one of the largest ski areas in Europe, catering for everyone from experts to complete beginners. Only the stoniest of hearts would fail to feel a bit of the Christmas magic they felt as a child in such picturesque settings.
How About a Little Further Afield? Goa Perhaps?
If the thought of having to wrap up warm for winter feels too much like staying at home, and you're looking for something stronger than the Egyptian sun to get you hot under the collar, how about the Indian tourist hotspot of Goa? While temperatures get below freezing back at home you'll just be worrying about reapplying the sun-tan lotion on some gorgeous beaches as temperatures hover above 30C.
There's no better time to escape than December, when Britain experiences its darkest days of the year. A holiday to a beautiful destination abroad can leave you feeling revitalised, whether from having some much deserved me-time relaxing next to the sea or getting the blood well and truly flowing on an adventure holiday. What's more, if you plan it well, you can escape the manic lead up to Christmas but actually make it back for the good part of December - the festivities of Christmas!
Thanks to Jane Firston for this post. Jane writes on behalf of Travelbag.co.uk and loves nothing more than travelling abroad during the winter season.
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I believe December is the best season to travel and explore new places. The weather remains comfortable in most of the countries. I love to travel solo because it gives me the confident to handle any type of situations I face in my journey. One of the most important thing of traveling distant places is the accommodation. It's always a better decision to book hotel rooms prior to your visit. You would get the right kind of accommodation according to your requirement as well as in a fair price.