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Open Access Articles- Top Results for Pier Paolo Pasolini
"Pasolini" redirects here. For other people with that surname, see Pasolini (surname).
(1922-03-05)5 March 1922
Bologna, Kingdom of Italy
2 November 1975(1975-11-02) (aged 53)
Ostia, Rome, Italy
Film director, novelist, poet, intellectual, journalist, philosopher
Notable works
Accattone
Ragazzi di vita
Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom
The Gospel According to St. Matthew
File:Pier Paolo Pasolini signature.svg
Pier Paolo Pasolini (Italian: [ˈpjɛr ˈpaolo pazoˈlini]; 5 March 1922 – 2 November 1975) was an Italian film director, poet, writer and intellectual. Pasolini distinguished himself as a poet, journalist, philosopher, novelist, playwright, filmmaker, newspaper and magazine columnist, actor, painter and political figure. He demonstrated a unique and extraordinary cultural versatility, becoming a highly controversial figure in the process. While his work remains controversial to this day, in the years since his death Pasolini has come to be valued by many as a visionary thinker and a major figure in Italian literature and art. American literary critic Harold Bloom considers Pasolini to be a major European poet and important in 20th-century poetry, including his works in his collection of the Western canon.[citation needed]
1.2 Early poetry
1.3 Relationship with the Italian Communist Party
1.4 Success and charges
1.5 Murder
2 Political views
3 Sexuality
6.1 Feature films
6.2 Documentaries
6.3 Episodes in omnibus films
7.1 Narrative
7.3 Essays
7.4 Theatre
Pasolini was born in Bologna, traditionally one of the most leftist politically of Italian cities. He was the son of Carlo Alberto, a lieutenant of the Italian army, and Susanna Colussi, an elementary school teacher. His parents married in 1921, Pasolini was born in 1922 and named after his paternal uncle. His family moved to Conegliano in 1923 and, two years later, to Belluno, where another son, Guidalberto, was born. In 1926, Pasolini's father was arrested for gambling debts. His mother moved with the children to her family's house in Casarsa della Delizia, in the Friuli region. That same year, his father Carlo Alberto Pasolini, first detained and then identified Anteo Zamboni as the would-be assassin of Benito Mussolini following his assassination attempt.[citation needed]
Pasolini began writing poems at the age of seven, inspired by the natural beauty of Casarsa. One of his early influences was the work of Arthur Rimbaud. In 1931, his father was transferred to Idria in the Julian March (now Idrija in Slovenia);[1] in 1933 they moved again to Cremona in Lombardy, and later to Scandiano and Reggio Emilia. Pasolini found it difficult to adapt to all these moves, though in the meantime he enlarged his poetry and literature readings (Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy, Shakespeare, Coleridge, Novalis) and left behind the religious fervour of his early years. In the Reggio Emilia high school, he met his first true friend, Luciano Serra. The two met again in Bologna, where Pasolini spent seven years while completing high school: here he cultivated new passions, including football. With other friends, including Ermes Parini, Franco Farolfi, Elio Meli, he formed a group dedicated to literary discussions.
In 1939 Pasolini graduated and entered the Literature College of the University of Bologna, discovering new themes such as philology and aesthetics of figurative arts. He also frequented the local cinema club. Pasolini always showed his friends a virile and strong exterior, totally hiding his interior travail. He took part in the Fascist government's culture and sports competitions. In 1941, together with Francesco Leonetti, Roberto Roversi and others, he tried to publish a poetry magazine, but the attempt failed due to paper shortages. In his poems of this period, Pasolini started to include fragments in Friulan, a language he didn't speak but learned after he'd begun to write poetry in it. "I learnt it as a sort of mystic act of love, a kind of félibrisme, like the Provençal poets."[2]
Early poetry
File:Pasolini 2.jpg
An undated photo of Pasolini
After the summer in Casarsa, in 1941 Pasolini published at his own expense a collection of poems in Friulan, Versi a Casarsa. The work was noted and appreciated by intellectuals and critics such as Gianfranco Contini, Alfonso Gatto and Antonio Russi. His pictures had also been well received. Pasolini was chief editor of the Il Setaccio ("The Sieve") magazine, but was fired after conflicts with the director, who was aligned with the Fascist regime. A trip to Germany helped him also to perceive the "provincial" status of Italian culture in that era. These experiences led Pasolini to rethink his opinion about the cultural politics of Fascism and to switch gradually to a Communist position.
In 1942, the family took shelter in Casarsa, considered a more tranquil place to wait for the conclusion of the World War II, a decision common among Italian military families. Here, for the first time, Pasolini had to face the erotic disquiet he had suppressed during his adolescent years. He wrote: "A continuous perturbation without images or words beats at my temples and obscures me".[citation needed]
In the weeks before 8 September armistice, Pasolini was drafted. He was captured and imprisoned by the German Wehrmacht. He managed to escape disguised as a peasant, and found his way to Casarsa. Here he joined a group of other young fans of the Friulan language who wanted to give Casarsa Friulan a status equal to that of Udine, the official regional standard. From May 1944 they issued a magazine entitled Stroligùt di cà da l'aga. In the meantime, Casarsa suffered Allied bombardments and forced enrollments by the Italian Social Republic, as well as partisan activity.
Pasolini tried to remain apart from these events. He and his mother taught students unable to reach the schools in Pordenone or Udine. He had his first experience of gay love for one of his students. On 12 February 1945 his brother Guido was killed in an ambush. Six days later Pasolini and others founded the Friulan Language Academy (Academiuta di lenga furlana). In the same year Pasolini joined the Association for the Autonomy of Friuli. He graduated after completing a final thesis about Giovanni Pascoli's works.
In 1946 Pasolini published a small poetry collection, I Diarii ("The Diaries"), with the Academiuta. In October he traveled to Rome. The following May he began the so-called Quaderni Rossi, handwritten in old school exercise books with red covers. He completed a drama in Italian, Il Cappellano. His poetry collection, I Pianti ("The cries"), was also published by the Academiuta.
Relationship with the Italian Communist Party
On 26 January 1947 Pasolini wrote a declaration for the front page of the newspaper Libertà: "In our opinion, we think that currently only Communism is able to provide a new culture." It generated controversy partly due to the fact he was still not a member of the Italian Communist Party (PCI).
He was planning to extend the work of the Academiuta to other Romance language literatures and met the exiled Catalan poet, Carles Cardó. After joining the PCI, Pasolini took part in several demonstrations. In May 1949, Pasolini attended the Peace Congress in Paris. Observing the struggles of workers and peasants, and watching the clashes of protesters with Italian police, he began to conceive his first novel.
In October of the same year, Pasolini was charged with the corruption of minors and obscene acts in public places. As a result, he was expelled by the Udine section of the Communist Party and lost the teaching job he had obtained the previous year in Valvasone. Struggling in a difficult situation, in January 1950 Pasolini moved to Rome with his mother.
He later described this period of his life as very difficult. "I came to Rome from the Friulan countryside. Unemployed for many years; ignored by everybody; driven by the fear to be not as life needed to be". Instead of asking for help from other writers, Pasolini preferred to go his own way. He found a job as a worker in the Cinecittà studios and sold his books in the 'bancarelle' ("sidewalk shops") of Rome. Finally, through the help of the Abruzzese-language poet Vittorio Clemente, he found a job as a teacher in Ciampino, a suburb of the capital.
In these years Pasolini transferred his Friulan countryside inspiration to Rome's suburbs, the infamous borgate where poor proletarian immigrants lived in often horrendous sanitary and social conditions.
Success and charges
File:Accattone riprese.jpg
Pasolini filming Accattone
In 1954, Pasolini, who now worked for the literary section of Italian state radio, left his teaching job and moved to the Monteverde quarter, publishing La meglio gioventù, his first important collection of dialect poems. His first novel, Ragazzi di vita (English: Hustlers), was published in 1955. The work had great success but was poorly received by the PCI establishment and, most importantly, by the Italian government. It initiated a lawsuit[specify] against Pasolini and his editor, Garzanti. Though totally exonerated of any charge, Pasolini became a victim of insinuations, especially by the tabloid press.
In 1957, together with Sergio Citti, Pasolini collaborated on Federico Fellini's film Le notti di Cabiria, writing dialogue for the Roman dialect parts. In 1960 he made his debut as an actor in Il gobbo, and co-wrote Long Night in 1943.
His first film as director and screenwriter is Accattone of 1961, again set in Rome's marginal quarters. The movie aroused controversy and scandal. In 1963, the episode "La ricotta", included in the collective movie RoGoPaG, was censored and Pasolini was tried for offence to the Italian state.
During this period Pasolini frequently traveled abroad: in 1961, with Elsa Morante and Alberto Moravia to India (where he went again seven years later); in 1962 to Sudan and Kenya; in 1963, to Ghana, Nigeria, Guinea, Jordan and Israel (where he shot the documentary, Sopralluoghi in Palestina). In 1970 he travelled again to Africa to shoot the documentary, Appunti per un'Orestiade africana.
In 1966 he was a member of the jury at the 16th Berlin International Film Festival.[3]
In 1967, in Venice, he met and interviewed the American poet Ezra Pound.[4] They discussed the Italian movement neoavanguardia, arts in general and Pasolini read some verses from the Italian version of Pound's Pisan Cantos.[4]
The late 1960s and early 1970s were the era of the so-called "student movement". Pasolini, though acknowledging the students' ideological motivations, thought them "anthropologically middle-class" and therefore destined to fail in their attempts at revolutionary change. Regarding the Battle of Valle Giulia, which took place in Rome in March 1968, he said that he sympathized with the police, as they were "children of the poor", while the young militants were exponents of what he called "left-wing fascism". His film of that year, Teorema, was shown at the annual Venice Film Festival in a hot political climate. Pasolini had proclaimed that the Festival would be managed by the directors (see also Works section).
In 1970 Pasolini bought an old castle near Viterbo, several miles north of Rome, where he began to write his last novel, Petrolio, which was never finished. In 1972 he started to collaborate with the extreme-left association Lotta Continua, producing a documentary, 12 dicembre, concerning the Piazza Fontana bombing. The following year he began a collaboration for Italy's most renowned newspaper, Il Corriere della Sera.
At the beginning of 1975 Garzanti published a collection of critical essays, Scritti corsari ("Corsair Writings").
File:Monumento alla memoria di Pasolini - Lido di Ostia - Lug 07.JPG
Pasolini Memorial monument in Lido di Ostia, where he was killed in 1975
A Carabinieri squad car stopped a speeding Alfa Romeo near Rome. The driver, Giuseppe (Pino) Pelosi, a 17 year old hustler, tried to run but was arrested for theft of the car, which was Pasolini's. Two hours later, the director's body was discovered. Pasolini was murdered by being run over several times with his own car, dying on November 2nd, 1975 on the beach at Ostia. Multiple bones had been broken and his testicles crushed by what appeared to be a metal bar. His body had been partially burned, the autopsy report revealed, by gasoline after the point of death. It has long been considered to have been a mafia-style revenge killing, extremely unlikely for one person to have carried out. Pasolini was buried in Casarsa, in his beloved Friuli. Pelosi confessed: Pasolini had picked him up and they ate a meal at a restaurant the director knew, the Biondo Tevere near St Paul's basilica, where he was known. Pino ate spaghetti with oil and garlic, Pasolini drank a beer. At 11.30pm they drove towards Ostia, where Pasolini "asked something I did not want" – to sodomise the boy with a wooden stick. Pelosi refused, Pasolini struck; Pelosi ran, picked up two pieces of a table, seized the stick and battered Pasolini to death. As he escaped in the car, he ran over what he thought was a bump in the road. "I killed Pasolini," he told his cellmate, and the police. Pelosi was convicted in 1976, with "unknown others".[5][6]
Twenty-nine years later, on 7 May 2005, he retracted his confession, which he said was made under the threat of violence to his family. He claimed that three people "with a southern accent" had committed the murder, insulting Pasolini as a "dirty communist".[7]
Other evidence uncovered in 2005 pointed to Pasolini having been murdered by an extortionist. Testimony by Pasolini's friend Sergio Citti indicated that some of the rolls of film from Salò had been stolen, and that Pasolini had been going to meet with the thieves after a visit to Stockholm, 2 November 1975.[8][9][10][11] Despite the Roman police's reopening of the murder case following Pelosi's statement of May 2005, the judges charged with investigating it determined the new elements insufficient for them to continue the inquiry.
Political views
File:Gramsci Pasolini.jpg
Pasolini visiting Antonio Gramsci's tomb
Pasolini generated heated public discussion with controversial analyses of public affairs. For instance, during the disorders of 1969, when the autonomist university students were carrying on a guerrilla-like uprising against the police in the streets of Rome and all the leftist forces declared their complete support for the students, describing the disorders as a civil fight of proletariat against the System, Pasolini, alone among the communists, declared that he was with the police; or, more precisely, with the policemen. He considered them true proletariat, sent to fight for a poor salary and for reasons which they could not understand, against pampered boys of their same age, because they had not had the fortune of being able to study, referring to poliziotti figli di proletari meridionali picchiati da figli di papà in vena di bravate (lit. policemen, sons of proletarian southerners, beaten up by arrogant daddys' boys). This statement, however, did not stop him from contributing to the autonomist Lotta continua movement.
Pasolini was also an ardent critic of consumismo, i.e. consumerism, which he felt had rapidly destroyed Italian society in the late 1960s/early 1970s. He was particularly concerned about the class of the subproletariat, which he portrayed in Accattone, and to which he felt both humanly and artistically drawn. Pasolini observed that the kind of purity which he perceived in the pre-industrial popular culture was rapidly vanishing, a process that he named la scomparsa delle lucciole (lit. "the disappearance of glow-worms"). The joie de vivre of the boys was being rapidly replaced with more bourgeois ambitions such as a house and a family. He described the coprophagia scenes in Salò as a comment on the processed food industry. He often described consumeristic culture as "unreal", as it had been imposed by economic power and had replaced Italy's traditional peasant culture, something that not even fascism had been able to do. In one interview, he said: "I hate with particular vehemency the current power, the power of 1975, which is a power that manipulates bodies in a horrible way; a manipulation that has nothing to envy to that performed by Himmler or Hitler."
He was angered by economic globalization and cultural domination of the North of Italy (around Milan) over other regions, especially the South.[citation needed] He felt this was accomplished through the power of TV. He opposed the gradual disappearance of Italian dialects by writing some of his poetry in Friulan, the regional language of his childhood. His opposition to the liberalization of abortion law made him unpopular on the left.[12]
After 1968 he left communism, claiming instead the Radical Party (Partito Radicale): left-libertarian, liberal, anti-clerical and led by his friend Marco Pannella. In 1975, leaving a letter to Congress with radical party on written :" Dear Pannella, dear friends, dear radical Spadaccia [...] you don't need to do anything else (I believe) that continue to be yourself: which means continuously be unrecognizable. Forget immediately i grandi successi: and continue straight ahead, obstinate, eternally opposed, to demand, to want, to identify yourself with the other; to shock; to blaspheme."
The LGBT encyclopedia states the following regarding Pasolini's homosexuality:
While openly gay from the very start of his career (thanks to a gay sex scandal that propelled him from his provincial hometown to live and work in Rome), Pasolini rarely dealt with homosexuality in his movies. The subject is featured prominently in Teorema (1968), where Terence Stamp's mysterious God-like visitor seduces the son and father of an upper-middle-class family; passingly in Arabian Nights (1974), in an idyll between a king and a commoner that ends in death; and, most darkly of all, in Salò, or The 120 Days of Sodom (1975), his infamous rendition of the Marquis de Sade's compendium of sexual horrors.[13]
In 1963 Pasolini met "the great love of his life," fifteen-year-old Ninetto Davoli, whom he later cast in his 1966 film Uccellacci e uccellini (literally Bad Birds and Little Birds but translated in English as The Hawks and the Sparrows), Pasolini became the youth's mentor and friend. "Even though their sexual relations lasted only a few years, Ninetto continued to live with Pasolini and was his constant companion, as well as appearing in six more of his films."[14]
File:Mammaroma.jpg
Mamma Roma poster
Pasolini's first novel Ragazzi di vita (1955) dealt with the Roman lumpenproletariat. The book caused obscenity charges to be filed against Pasolini, the first of many instances in which his art provoked legal problems. The movie Accattone (1961), also about the Roman underworld, also provoked controversy, and conservatives demanded stricter censorship by the government.
He wrote and directed the black-and-white The Gospel According to Matthew (1964). It is based on scripture, but adapted by Pasolini, and he is credited as writer. Jesus, a barefoot peasant, is played by Enrique Irazoqui. While filming it, Pasolini vowed to direct it from the "believer's point of view", but later said that upon viewing the completed work, he realized he had expressed his own beliefs.
In his 1966 film, Uccellacci e uccellini (literally Bad Birds and Little Birds but translated in English as The Hawks and the Sparrows), a picaresque—and at the same time mystic—fable, Pasolini hired the great Italian comedian Totò to work with Ninetto Davoli, the director's lover at the time and one of his preferred "naif" actors. It was a unique opportunity for Totò to demonstrate that he was a great dramatic actor as well.
In Teorema (Theorem, 1968), starring Terence Stamp as a mysterious stranger, Pasolini depicted the sexual coming-apart of a bourgeois family. (Variations of this theme were filmed by François Ozon in Sitcom and Takashi Miike in Visitor Q).
Later movies centered on sex-laden folklore, such as Boccaccio's Decameron (1971), Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales (1972), and Il fiore delle mille e una notte (literally The Flower of 1001 Nights, released in English as Arabian Nights, 1974). These films are usually grouped as the Trilogy of Life. While basing them on classics, Pasolini wrote the screenplays and took sole credit as writer. This trilogy, prompted largely by Pasolini's attempt to show the secular sacredness of the body against man-made social controls and especially against the venal hypocrisy of religious state (indeed, the religious characters in The Canterbury Tales are shown as pious but amorally grasping fools) were an effort at representing a state of natural sexual innocence essential to the true nature of free humanity. Alternately playfully bawdy and poetically sensuous, wildly populous, subtly symbolic and visually exquisite, the films were wildly popular in Italy and remain perhaps his most enduringly popular works. Yet despite the fact that the trilogy as a whole is considered by many as a masterpiece, Pasolini later reviled his own creation on account of the many soft-core imitations of these three films in Italy that happened afterwards on account of the very same popularity he wound up deeply uncomfortable with. He believed that a bastardisation of his vision had taken place that amounted to a commoditisation of the body he had tried to deny in his trilogy in the first place. The disconsolation this provided is seen as one of the primary reasons for his final film, Salo, in which humans are not only seen as commodities under authoritarian control but are viewed merely as ciphers for its whims additionally, without the free vitality of the figures in the Trilogy of Life.
His final work, Salò (Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom, 1975), exceeded what most viewers could accept at the time in its explicit scenes of intensely sadistic violence. Based on the novel 120 Days of Sodom by Marquis de Sade, it is considered Pasolini's most controversial film. In May 2006, Time Out's Film Guide named it the "Most Controversial Film" of all time.
File:Pasolini-Abel-Ferrara.jpg
Abel Ferrara in Pasolini (2014)
As a director, Pasolini created a picaresque neorealism, showing a sad reality. Many people did not want to see such portrayals in artistic work for public distribution. Mamma Roma (1962), featuring Anna Magnani and telling the story of a prostitute and her son, was an affront to the public ideals of morality of those times. His works, with their unequaled poetry applied to cruel realities, showing that such realities were less distant from most daily lives, and contributed to changes in the Italian psyche.[15]
The director promoted in his works the concept of "natural sacredness," the idea that the world is holy in and of itself, a concept that drew inspiration from his favourite Greek philosopher, Parmenides. He suggested that people did not need to attain a spiritual essence or gain a supernatural blessing to attain this state of appreciation.
Generally Pasolini's work engendered disapproval perhaps primarily because of his frequent focus on sexual behavior, and the contrast between what he presented and what was publicly sanctioned. While Pasolini's poetry often dealt with his gay love interests, this was not the only, or even main, theme. His interest in and use of Italian dialects should also be noted. In addition, much of the poetry was about his highly revered mother. As a sensitive and intelligent man, he depicted certain corners of the contemporary reality as few other poets could do. His poetry was not as well known outside Italy as were his films, because it took some time before it was translated.[16] A collection in English was published in 1996.[16]
Pasolini also developed a philosophy of language mainly related to his studies on cinema.[17] This theoretical and critical activity was another hotly debated topic. His collected articles and responses are still available today.[15][18][19]
These studies can be considered as the foundation of his artistic point of view: he believed that the language—such as English, Italian, dialect or other—is a rigid system in which human thought is trapped. He also thought that the cinema is the "written" language of reality which, like any other written language, enables man to see things from the point of view of truth.[17] In this sense, he has always been admired by the Structuralists. In fact, the entire first half of Medea goes past leaving the viewer to formulate the action based almost entirely on pure linked visual tableaux, with limited explicatory dialogue, before any dramatic dialogue supplying more formal narrative takes place.
His films won awards at the Berlin Film Festival, Cannes Film Festival, Venice Film Festival, Italian National Syndicate for Film Journalists, Jussi Awards, Kinema Junpo Awards, International Catholic Film Office and New York Film Critics Circle.
Ebbo Demant directed the documentary Das Mitleid ist gestorben (1978) about Pasolini.
Stefano Battaglia made Re: Pasolini (2005) in dedication to Pasolini.
In 2014 Abel Ferrara directed a biopic about Pasolini, with Willem Dafoe in the lead role. It was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 71st Venice International Film Festival.[20][21]
All titles listed below were written and directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini unless stated otherwise. Although obviously Oedipus Rex and Medea are loosely based on plays by Sophocles and Euripides respectively, Pasolini took significant liberties with original texts and is solely credited for the writing of these films. The latter is also true for the gospel according to St. Matthew.
English title
1961 Accattone Accattone Screenplay by Pier Paolo Pasolini based on his novel Una vita violenta. Additional dialogue by Sergio Citti.
1962 Mamma Roma Mamma Roma Screenplay by Pier Paolo Pasolini with additional dialogue by Sergio Citti.
1964 Il vangelo secondo Matteo The Gospel According to Matthew Silver Lion-Venice Film Festival
1966 Uccellacci e uccellini The Hawks and the Sparrows
1967 Edipo re Oedipus Rex
1968 Teorema Theorem[22] Pasolini's novel Teorema was also published in 1968.
1969 Porcile Pigsty
1969 Medea Medea
1971 Il Decameron The Decameron Based on The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio. Won the Silver Bear at the 21st Berlin International Film Festival.[23]
1972 I racconti di Canterbury The Canterbury Tales Based on The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. Won the Golden Bear at the 22nd Berlin International Film Festival.[24]
1974 Il fiore delle Mille e una Notte A Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights) Screenplay written in collaboration with Dacia Maraini. Won the Grand Prix Spécial Prize.[25]
1975 Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma Salo, or the 120 Days of Sodom Based on Les 120 journées de Sodome ou l'école du libertinage by the Marquis de Sade. Screenplay written in collaboration with Sergio Citti with extended quotes from Roland Barthes' Sade, Fourier, Loyola and Pierre Klossowski's Sade mon prochain.
Sopralluoghi in Palestina per Il Vangelo secondo Matteo (1964)
Comizi d'amore (Love Meetings, 1964)
Appunti per un film sull'India (1969)
Appunti per un romanzo dell'immondizia (1970)
Appunti per un'Orestiade Africana (Notes Towards an African Orestes, 1970)
Le mura di Sana'a (1971)
12 Dicembre 1972 (1972)
Pasolini e la forma della città (1975)
Episodes in omnibus films
La ricotta in RoGoPaG (1963)
First segment of La rabbia (1963)
La Terra vista dalla Luna in Le streghe (The Witches, 1967)
Che cosa sono le nuvole? Capriccio all'Italiana (1968)
La sequenza del fiore di carta in Amore e rabbia (1969)
Ragazzi di vita (The Ragazzi, 1955)
Una vita violenta (A Violent Life, 1959)
Il sogno di una cosa (1962)
Amado Mio—Atti Impuri (1982, originally composed in 1948)
Alì dagli occhi azzurri (1965)
Teorema (1968)
Reality (The Poets' Encyclopedia, 1979)
Petrolio (1992, incomplete)
La meglio gioventù (1954)
Le ceneri di Gramsci (1957)
L'usignolo della chiesa cattolica (1958)
La religione del mio tempo (1961)
Poesia in forma di rosa (1964)
Trasumanar e organizzar (1971)
La nuova gioventù (1975)
Roman Poems. Pocket Poets No. 41 (1986)
The Selected Poetry of Pier Paolo Pasolini: A Bilingual Edition. (2014)
Passione e ideologia (1960)
Canzoniere italiano, poesia popolare italiana (1960)
Empirismo eretico (1972)
Lettere luterane (1976)
Le belle bandiere (1977)
Descrizioni di descrizioni (1979)
Il caos (1979)
La pornografia è noiosa (1979)
Scritti corsari (1975)
Lettere (1940–1954) (Letters, 1940–54, 1986)
Orgia (1968)
Porcile (1968)
Calderón (1973)
Affabulazione (1977)
Pilade (1977)
Bestia da stile (1977)
^ Ste vedeli, da je Pier Paolo Pasolini v otroštvu nekaj časa živel v Idriji? :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija. Rtvslo.si (2012-10-20). Retrieved on 2014-05-22.
^ Stack, O. (1969). Pasolini on Pasolini, pp. 15–17 London: Thames and Hudson.
^ "Berlinale 1966: Juries". berlinale.de. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
^ a b Video on YouTube. Retrieved on 2014-05-22.
^ "Vulliamy, Ed: THE GUARDIAN - Who really killed Pier Paolo Pasolini?, August 23, 2014" Accessed online, May 25, 2015
^ "Gumbell, Andrew: THE INDEPENDENT - Who killed Pasolini?, September 23, 1995" Accessed online, May 25, 2015
^ Cataldi, Benedetto (5 May 2005). "Pasolini death inquiry reopened". bbc.co.uk.
^ "Asesinato de Pasolini, nueva investigación". La Razón (in Italian). La Razón. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
^ Héctor Rivera (28 March 2010). "Pasolini de nuevo". Sentido contrario (in Italian). Grupo Milenio. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
^ "Pier Paolo Pasolini (1922–1975)". Cinematismo (in Italian). Cinematismo. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
^ Google Drive Viewer. Docs.google.com (2010-04-02). Retrieved on 2014-05-22.
^ Petri Liukkonen, Ari Pesonen (2008). "Pier Paolo Pasolini (1922–1975)". Books and Writers. Kuusankosken kaupunginkirjasto. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
^ Ehrenstein, David (2005). "Pasolini, Pier Paolo", glbtq: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture
^ Ireland, Doug (4 August 2005). "Restoring Pasolini". LA Weekly (LA Weekly, LP). Retrieved 29 August 2010.
^ a b Pasolini Pierr Paolo (1995). Il Caos (collected articles) (in Italian). Roma: Editori Riuniti.
^ a b Pasolini Pier Paolo (1996). Collected Poems. Noonday Press. ISBN 9780374524692.
^ a b Pasolini, Pier Paolo (1988–2005). Heretical empiricism. New Academia Publishing. ISBN 9780976704225.
^ A. Covi (1971). Dibattiti sui film (in Italian). Padova: Gregoriana.
^ A. Asor Rosa (1988). Scrittori e Popolo – il populismo nella letteratura italiana contemporanea (in Italian). Torino: Gregoriana.
^ "International competition of feature films". Venice. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
^ "Venice Film Festival Lineup Announced". Deadline. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
^ The translated English title is used infrequently.
^ "Berlinale 1972: Prize Winners". berlinale.de. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ "Berlinale 1972: Prize Winners". berlinale.de. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
^ "Festival de Cannes: Arabian Nights". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
Aichele, George. "Translation as De-canonization: Matthew's Gospel According to Pasolini – filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini – Critical Essay." Cross Currents (2002).
Distefano, John. "Picturing Pasolini." Art Journal (1997).
Eloit, Audrene. "Oedipus Rex by Pier Paolo Pasolini The Palimpsest: Rewriting and the Creation of Pasolini's Cinematic Language." Literature Film Quarterly (2004).
Fabbro, Elena (ed.). Il mito greco nell'opera di Pasolini. Atti del Convegno Udine-Casarsa della Delizia, 24–26 ottobre 2002. Udine: Forum (2004). ISBN 88-8420-230-2
Forni, Kathleen. "A "Cinema of Poetry": What Pasolini Did to Chancer's Canterbury Tales." Literature Film Quarterly (2002).
Frisch, Anette. "Francesco Vezzolini: Pasolini Reloaded." Interview, Rutgers University Alexander Library, New Brunswick, NJ.
Green, Martin. "The Dialectic Adaptation."
Greene, Naomi. Pier Paolo Pasilini: Cinema as Heresy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1990.
Meyer-Krahmer, Benjamin. "Transmediality and Pastiche as Techniques in Pasolini's Art Production", in: P.P.P. – Pier Paolo Pasolini and death, eds. Bernhart Schwenk, Michael Semff, Ostfildern 2005, pp. 109 – 118
Passannanti, Erminia, Il corpo & il potere. Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma di Pier Paolo Pasolini, Prima edizione, Troubador, Leicester, 2004; Seconda Edizione, Joker, Savona 2008.
Passannanti, Erminia,Il Cristo del'Eresia. Pier Paolo Pasolini. Cinema e Censura, Joker, Savona 2009.
Passannanti, Erminia, La ricotta. Il Sacro trasgredito. Il cinema di Pier Paolo Pasolini e la censura religiosa, 2009 also published in "Italy on Screen" (Peter Lang Ed., 2011). The book contains excerpts from the 1962 court trial.
Pugh, Tison. "Chaucerian Fabliaux, Cinematic Fabliau: Pier Paolo Pasolini's I racconti di Canterbury.", Literature Film Quarterly (2004).
Restivo, Angelo. The Cinema of Economic Miracles: Visuality and Modernization in the Italian Art Film. London: Duke UP, 2002.
Rohdie, Sam. The Passion of Pier Paolo Pasolini. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana UP, 1995.
Rumble, Patrick A. Allegories of contamination: Pier Paolo Pasolini's Trilogy of life. Toronto: University of Toronto P, 1996.
Schwartz, Barth D. Pasolini Requiem. 1st ed. New York: Pantheon Books, 1992.
Siciliano, Enzo. Pasolini: A Biography. Trans. John Shepley. New York: Random House, 1982.
Viano, Maurizio. A Certain Realism: Making Use of Pasolini's Film Theory and Practice. Berkeley: University of California P, 1993.
Willimon, William H. "Faithful to the script", Christian Century (2004).
Pier Paolo Pasolini at the Internet Movie Database
Pasolini on Filmgalerie451
Piers Paolo Pasolini, Italian Website with Extensive Commentary
"Pier Paolo Pasolini", Senses of Cinema
BBC News Report on the Reopening of the Murder Case
Guy Flatley: "The Atheist Who Was Obsessed with God", MovieCrazed
Doug Ireland, "Restoring Pasolini", ZMag
Maria Callas in Pasolini's Medea
Pasolini's Own Notes on Salò from 1974
Pier Paolo Pasolini Poems – Original Italian Text.
Video (in Italian): Pasolini on the Destructive Impact of Television on YouTube (Interrupted and Half-Censored by Enzo Biagi)
Italian Website dedicated to Pasolini
Pasolini's Second to Last Interview, Long Believed to Have Been Lost
"Pasolini's Legacy: A Sprawl of Brutality", Dennis Lim, The New York Times, 26 December 2012
Films directed
Fiction feature
Mamma Roma
The Hawks and the Sparrows
Pigsty
La rabbia
Love Meetings
Location Hunting in Palestine
Appunti per un film sull'India
Notes Towards an African Orestes
Short or segment
"La ricotta" in Ro.Go.Pa.G.
"La Terra vista dalla Luna" in The Witches
"Che cosa sono le nuvole?" in Caprice Italian Style
"La sequenza del fiore di carta" in Love and Anger
Affabulazione
Works about
Who Killed Pasolini?
Sacred Poet
Template:Nastro d'Argento Best Director
Recipients of the Viareggio Prize
Anselmo Bucci – Lorenzo Viani (1930)
Corrado Tumiati (1931)
Antonino Foschini (1932)
Achille Campanile (1933)
Raffaele Calzini (1934)
Mario Massa – Stefano Pirandello (1935)
Riccardo Bacchelli (1936)
Guelfo Civinini (1937)
Vittorio Giovanni Rossi – Enrico Pea (1938)
Arnaldo Frateili – Orio Vergani – Maria Bellonci (1939)
Silvio Micheli – Umberto Saba (1946) • Antonio Gramsci (1947) • Aldo Palazzeschi – Elsa Morante – Sibilla Aleramo (1948) • Arturo Carlo Jemolo – Renata Viganò (1949)
Francesco Jovine – Carlo Bernari (1950) • Domenico Rea (1951) • Tommaso Fiore (1952) • Carlo Emilio Gadda (1953) • Rocco Scotellaro (1954) • Vasco Pratolini (1955) • Carlo Levi – Gianna Manzini (1956) • Italo Calvino – Pier Paolo Pasolini (1957) • Ernesto de Martino (1958) • Marino Moretti (1959)
Giovanni Battista Angioletti (1960) • Alberto Moravia (1961) • Giorgio Bassani (1962) • Antonio Delfini – Sergio Solmi (1963) • Giuseppe Berto (1964) • Goffredo Parise (1965) • Ottiero Ottieri – Alfonso Gatto (1966) • Raffaello Brignetti (1967) • Libero Bigiaretti (1968) • Fulvio Tomizza (1969)
Nello Saito (1970) • Ugo Attardi (1971) • Romano Bilenchi (1972) • Achille Campanile (1973) • Clotilde Marghieri (1974) • Paolo Volponi (1975) • Mario Tobino – Dario Bellezza – Sergio Solmi (1976) • Davide Lajolo (1977) • Antonio Altomonte – Mario Luzi (1978) • Giorgio Manganelli (1979)
Stefano Terra (1980) • Enzo Siciliano (1981) • Primo Levi (1982) • Giuliana Morandini (1983) • Gina Lagorio – Bruno Gentili (1984) • Manlio Cancogni (1985) • Marisa Volpi (1986) • Mario Spinella (1987) • Rosetta Loy (1988) • Salvatore Mannuzzu (1989)
Luisa Adorno – Cesare Viviani – Maurizio Calvesi (1990) • Antonio Debenedetti (1991) • Luigi Malerba (1992) • Alessandro Baricco (1993) • Antonio Tabucchi (1994) • Maurizio Maggiani – Elio Pagliarani (1995) • Ermanno Rea – Alda Merini (1996) • Claudio Piersanti – Franca Grisoni – Corrado Stajano (1997) • Giorgio Pressburger – Michele Sovente – Carlo Ginzburg (1998) • Ernesto Franco (1999)
Giorgio van Straten – Sandro Veronesi (2000) • Niccolò Ammaniti – Michele Ranchetti – Giorgio Pestelli (2001) • Fleur Jaeggy – Jolanda Insana – Alfonso Berardinelli (2002) • Giuseppe Montesano (2003) • Edoardo Albinati – Andrea Tagliapietra – Livia Livi (2004) • Raffaele La Capria – Alberto Arbasino – Milo de Angelis (2005) • Gianni Celati – Giovanni Agosti – Giuseppe Conte – Roberto Saviano (2006) • Filippo Tuena – Paolo Mauri – Silvia Bre – Simona Baldanzi – Paolo Colagrande – Paolo Fallai (2007) • Francesca Sanvitale – Miguel Gotor – Eugenio De Signoribus (2008) • Edith Bruck – Adriano Prosperi – Ennio Cavalli (2009)
Nicola Lagioia – Michele Emmer – Pierluigi Cappello (2010)
Alessandro Mari – Mario Lavagetto – Gian Mario Villalta (2011)
Nicola Gardini – Franco Lo Piparo – Antonella Anedda (2012)
Name Pasolini, Pier Paolo
Short description Italian novelist, poet, intellectual, film director, journalist, philosopher
Date of birth 5 March 1922
Place of birth Bologna, Italy
Date of death 2 November 1975
Place of death Ostia, Rome, Italy
This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article Pier Paolo Pasolini; it is used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the CC-BY-SA


Please how do I download planefinder to my pc or laptop. I can find downloads for i-pad and android but not for pc. Is this possible please?
I hope that you enjoy using Plane Finder!
There is a download for Plane Finder on iOS and Android devices. Plane Finder is only available for download as a app on iPhone and Android and Plane Finder HD is available for download on iPad. The team at Plane Finder does have other applications to offer on both of these devices like Ship Finder and Airline Finder.
I have no idea of a download being possible for computers. I think this question should be answered by one of Plane Finder's helpful administrators.
If there are any more questions that you may have to ask, I am happy to answer them!


So you've had the paternal wool pulled over your eyes, and now you want out--of the relationship with your partner and her child. First, make sure this is really what you want and you aren't just acting out of anger, justified as it may be. If you're set on severing all ties, hire a family-law attorney. (Go to abanet.org/lawyer locator/searchlawyer.html and click on "Location/Area of Practice.") Then follow these court-tested tips for taking back your life.
Step 1. Check the birth certificate. Every state has its own window of time during which a married man can dispute paternity. For example, in North Dakota it's 1 year from the signing of the birth certificate, while in Tennessee it's 5 years. (The exception: If the child is born out of wedlock, men usually get just 60 days.) See chart below, for the law in your state. If you're within the time frame, your lawyer will want to file an affidavit that includes paternity-test results. Time expired? Read on.
Step 2. File for divorce. Untying the knot gives you a legal opening to dispute paternity, even when state law says you missed the deadline. The catch is that now an affidavit and test results aren't enough--you need to sue for fraud. "If she's found to have committed fraud, the verdict can relieve you of custody payments," says attorney Michelle Kelly, a paternity expert in Michigan. Caution: You can win the suit and still be ordered to pay child support if your soon-to-be-ex isn't financially stable. In that case, go to Step 3.
Step 3. Identify the real dad. Now's your chance to make the jerk pay. "The real biological dad could be forced to pay support, but only if he is named," says Kelly, adding that it's often difficult to ID the guy. Hire a private detective, specifically a "certified legal investigator"; they specialize in gathering information for court cases.


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Most people give away control over their lives and have no idea they have done so. This podcast explains how this happens and how this creates more problems in your life. The podcast also puts you back in control so you can make conscious decisions in your life.
This track explains what this podcast is all about and how it can benefit you.
99% of people live their lives as a lie. In this podcast you will find out what this lie is and why it makes people poorer, more unhappy and with less control over their lives.
Everyone is famed for GREATNESS and in this podcast to will receive the TRUTH about how life really works, so you have tools and knowledge to live a life that is full of love, laughter, happiness, health and of course money.


text:
Q: C# How to get the method name of the calling method if async I have a solution that is comprised of two projects, a Blazor server website and a Class Library.  In the class library, I created a class to allow me to add custom attributes to functions in other classes in the library.  This allows me to decorate a function with roles that can access the function.  I then have a class that gets called to pull those tags and checks the database for consensus.  This works fine, when the calling function is a regular function.  But, if it is an async function, the stack frame I am looking at returns a value of "MoveNext" instead of the name of the method.  Is there a way to get the method name of the calling method if that method is async?  Here is my pseudo code:
Class to add custom attributes:
namespace DataAccessLibrary
{
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method |AttributeTargets.ReturnValue)]
    public class MELAdvanceRoles: Attribute
    {
        public string[] _Roles { get; set; }
        public MELAdvanceRoles(string[] roles)
        {
            _Roles = roles;
        }
    }
}

Example function that uses custom attributes:
namespace DataAccessLibrary
{
    public class ProgramData: IProgramData
    {
        private readonly ISqlDataAccess _db;
        private readonly IUserRights _userRights;

        public ProgramData(ISqlDataAccess db, IUserRights userRights)
        {
            _db = db;
            _userRights = userRights;
        }
        [MELAdvanceRoles(new string[] { "MANAGER", "EMPLOYEE", "READ_ONLY" })]
        public async Task<int> UpdateProgram(ProgramModel program)
        {
            if (_userRights.CanUserEditProgram(program.id))
                //protected stuff
            }
            else
            {
                throw new Exception("403 Forbidden");
            }
        }
}

CanUserEditProgram Function in _userRights
public bool CanUserEditProgram(int program_id)
{
    //get roles in the custom attribute
    string[] allowed_roles = GetMethodRoles();
    // use that list for database stuff
}

public string[] GetMethodRoles()
{
    string[] roles = { };
    StackTrace stackTrace = new StackTrace();
    //it seems that functions that are async are not on the second frame
    string methodName = stackTrace.GetFrame(2).GetMethod().Name;
    //mehtodname returns 'MoveNext' if the calling method is async
    MethodInfo mInfo = stackTrace.GetFrame(2).GetMethod().ReflectedType.GetMethod(methodName);
    //which means mInfo returns null
    bool isDef = Attribute.IsDefined(mInfo, typeof(MELAdvanceRoles));
    if (isDef)
    {
        MELAdvanceRoles obsAttr = (MELAdvanceRoles)Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(mInfo, typeof(MELAdvanceRoles));
        if (obsAttr != null)
        {
            roles = obsAttr._Roles;
        }
    }
    return roles;
}

Thanks

A: Having initially thought it was a crazy idea, I was intrigued enough to explore how I would approach the problem if I had to.
Here's a first demo hash up of a possible approach.
Define an Interface that all classes with Authorization need to implement.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace StackOverflow.Answers
{
    public interface IClassAuthorization
    {
        public List<string> UserRoles { get; set; }

        public Boolean UserHasRole(string role)
        {
            if (UserRoles is null)
                throw new ApplicationException("No UserRoles defined for object.  If you are using Class Authorization you must set the UserRoles");
            return UserRoles.Any(item => item.Equals(role, StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase));
        }
    }
}

Define a result class. Not strictly required, you could return nulls for not implemented,...  This just gives you a method to return both the result and data without resorting to outs.  You can see all three implemented in the new WeatherForecastService.
namespace StackOverflow.Answers
{
    public class ClassAuthorizationResult
    {
        public ClassAuthorizationResultType Status { get; private set; } = ClassAuthorizationResultType.NotDefined;

        public object Data { get; set; } = null;

        public static ClassAuthorizationResult Success(object data)
            => new ClassAuthorizationResult { Status=ClassAuthorizationResultType.Success, Data = data };

        public static ClassAuthorizationResult Failure()
            => new ClassAuthorizationResult { Status = ClassAuthorizationResultType.Failure, Data = null };

        public static ClassAuthorizationResult NotDefined()
            => new ClassAuthorizationResult { Status = ClassAuthorizationResultType.NotDefined, Data = null };

        public enum ClassAuthorizationResultType
        {
            NotDefined,
            Success,
            Failure
        }
    }
}

Here's the new WeatherForecastService:
using StackOverflow.Answers.Data;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace StackOverflow.Answers
{
    public class AuthorizedWeatherForecastService : IClassAuthorization
    {
        public List<string> UserRoles { get; set; } = null;

        private static readonly string[] Summaries = new[]
        {
            "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"
        };

        private IClassAuthorization _interface => this;

        private List<WeatherForecast> records;

        public AuthorizedWeatherForecastService()
        {
            records = GetWeatherForecasts;
        }

        //  Null return
        public Task<List<WeatherForecast>> ForecastsAsync()
            => Task.FromResult(_interface.UserHasRole("User")
                ? this.records
                : null);

        // ClassAuthorizationResult return
        public Task<ClassAuthorizationResult> GetForecastsAsync()
            => Task.FromResult(_interface.UserHasRole("User")
                ? ClassAuthorizationResult.Success(this.records)
                : ClassAuthorizationResult.Failure());

        // Out return
        public Task<bool> GetForecastsAsync(out List<WeatherForecast> list)
        {
            var ok = _interface.UserHasRole("User");
            list = ok ? this.records : new List<WeatherForecast>();
            return Task.FromResult(ok);
        }

        private List<WeatherForecast> GetWeatherForecasts
        {
            get
            {
                var rng = new Random();
                return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
                {
                    Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index),
                    TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55),
                    Summary = Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]
                }).ToList();
            }
        }
    }
}

Then in FetchData
    [Inject] AuthorizedWeatherForecastService ForecastService { get; set; }

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        ForecastService.UserRoles = new List<string> { "User" };
        var result = await ForecastService.GetForecastsAsync();
        if (result.Status == ClassAuthorizationResult.ClassAuthorizationResultType.Success)
            forecasts = (List<WeatherForecast>)result.Data;
    }

You can get the user roles from AuthenticationState.  If your classes are services, inject the IAuthenticationStateProvider directly and register for the AuthenticationStateChanged event to update the roles when the user changes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Plus Loan may be taken by the parents of dependent students to supplement the financial aid package of their children. Known as the Federal PLUS Loan, this type of Federal student loan enables the parents to borrow money and cover up any costs that are not covered under the student's financial loan.
This loan may also be taken by graduate students.
For more details, visit: Graduate PLUS Loan Center from GradLoans.com.
First and foremost, to be eligible, the parents must apply and pass the process of a credit check.
If a relative is ready to endorse or guarantee to repay the loan in case parents fail to do so, a parent who did not qualified for the above criteria may also get the loan.
Based on the credit score, a graduate student may also get this loan.
What amount can one borrow with this loan program?
Annually one is eligible for an amount which equals to the cost of attendance minus the financial aid that the student is already receiving. That is: in case the child's cost of attendance is $10,000 and child is already receiving $3,000 as financial aid, then under Plus Loan program the parents may borrow a sum up to $7,000.
How can one get this loan?
You need to fill in the PLUS application form available at your school, or from your lender or guaranty agency. The parent or graduate student who wishes to take the loan should submit the form duly filled in at the financial aid office of the student's school.
It is important to remember that it is a credit-based loan. For the approval, it requires that you have average credit besides having a non-delinquent history.
When does one get the loan money?
The money will be disbursed in two installments. This money is first used to pay the child's tuition fees and if an amount remains that may be retained by the parents and released in the child's account as per the need.
Generally, parents are notified from the side of school as and when funds are credited. The lenders send the money directly to the school.
How can one cancel the loan?
Typically the school notifies you when they credit your account during loan proceedings.
This notice should be sent not earlier than 30 days before and not later than 30 days after the credit is made.
At that time, one may cancel the complete loan or a portion of it by informing the school. They need to inform the school within 14 days of the sending of notice. or by the first day of the payment as notified by the school, whichever is the later date.
What is the interest rate of this loan?
The interest rate of the Direct PLUS Loans is fixed at 7.9%.
Are some special fees also included?
Under the Federal Direct Loan Program (FDLP) and on new PLUS loans granted after 1 July, 2010, a 4% origination fees is charged for every loan. This is included in the loan repayment sum and one does not have to immediately pay for it after signing the Master Promissory Note.
A repayment schedule is made and arranged by the lender. The time allowed to repay your loan is up to 10 years and a minimum of $50 per month should be paid.
Repayment of principal amount and interest begins 60 days after the loan is disbursed.
However, it is at the discretion of the parents to let the interest capitalize until their children finish their studies at school. It must be noted though that if the interest accrues from the date of disbursement, it is added to the loan balance through the capitalization process.
Consolidating your PLUS Loan should also be considered as a method to lower the monthly payment and get low rates. For graduate students, there is provision for deferring the payment as long as they are enrolled for at least half time in their schools.


The owners of Great Performances and Katchkie Farm–the Manhattan catering company and not-for-profit upstate agriculture center we wrote about last year–are launching a workplace CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) program for those who work too late to hit their neighborhood pickups, and the sign-up season is starting now. All you have to do is get 20 co-workers to sign up and they'll create a pick up site at your office. For more information call 212.727.2424 and ask for Brooke or send an email to [email protected] You can sign up for a regular non-office CSA at one of their four other Manhattan pick up locations.
In case you missed the call for entries in the current issue of Edible Brooklyn, we wanted to let you know that our sister publication is on the lookout for fantastic recipes for latkes, and there's no reason the contest shouldn't be open to those in the borough of Manhattan.


Do you worry about eating fish because of heavy metal pollution? Then you may be interested in knowing that fish also contains selenium, a micronutrient that knows exactly how to deal with this culprit. Continue reading and find out more about this mechanism.
Fish it good for you. It contains vitamin D, iodine, and lots of other nutrients that are required for maintaining good health. Unfortunately, fish is also contaminated with heavy metals such as mercury, a potentially harmful neurotoxin that can cause damage to the brain. Luckily, one of the healthy nutrients in fish is a trace element called selenium, which has a feature that comes in very handy.
According to Dr. Nicholas Ralston, PhD, a biochemist and biologist working at the University of North Dakota, USA, selenium has a special binding affinity with mercury, which enables it to attach to mercury in a one-to-one ratio, so that the mercury molecules that would otherwise cause harm are virtually "hand-cuffed" and unable to react with the human organism.
"In fact," he specified, "the selenium content in our diet is eight times more important than the amount of mercury," so getting enough selenium has high priority.
He also pointed out that the natural selenium content in many fish, including most types of tuna, is adequately high to outweigh the potential threat from the mercury content and claimed that there is generally no need to worry about consuming fish because of their mercury load. Still, one needs to realize that the selenium, which the binding process sequesters, is no longer available for useful purposes such as supporting the selenium-dependent selenoproteins in the body.
Scientists generally agree that an adult human needs around 100-125 micrograms of selenium daily in order to saturate the many selenoproteins that need this nutrient to function properly. Selenoproteins are what ensure normal functioning of the immune system, thyroid gland, reproductive system, and protect cells against oxidative stress.
Eating a balanced diet with good selenium sources like fish, nuts, whole-grain, and meat is advisable. One may include a supplement like SelenoPrecise, which is an organic selenium yeast that can document that 88.7% of its selenium content gets absorbed by the body.


Il révise son orthographe avec entrain ou il révise son orthographe avec en trainAdam Off the Betsy shoulder Noir Mince Et Evas dnwwSx?
Réponse : il est en train de réviser son orthographe. Il révise son orthographe avecTee shirt shirt Tee Tee shirt shirt shirt Tee Tee Tee shirt shirt Tee entrain.
l'entrain est un nom commun, on peut le remplacer par shirt shirt Tee shirt Tee shirt Tee Tee shirt Tee shirt Tee Tee shirtenthousiasme.


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吉林体彩十一选五 www.6yyxf.com I am a primary school teacher from Galway, Ireland. By day, I have the fun task of educating the next generation of kids… by night… I'm an artist!
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text:
Engagement of retired Government officers on contract basis at the level of Section Officer and Assistant Section Officer in the Directorate General of Health Services – DoPT 2020
Engagement of retired Government officers on contract basis at the level of Section Officer and Assistant Section Officer in the Directorate General of Health Services
F.No.2 1/02/2020-CS-I (Coord)
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances Pension
(C.S.I Division)
2nd Floor, 'A' wing,
Lok Nayak Bhawan,
Dated 24th January, 2020
Subject: Engagement of retired Government officers on contract basis at the level of Section Officer and Assistant Section Officer in the Directorate General of Health Services.
The undersigned is directed to circulate the Vacancy Circular No. A-22017/02/2013 Admn-I dated 15th January, 2020 (along with enclosures) received from Ministry of Health and Family Welfare who have invited application from retired Section Officer or equivalent or higher level and retired Assistant Section Officer or equivalent, well versed with Establishment / Administration Rules and procedure and who have served in Central Secretariat, for engagement as Consultant on contact basis initially for a period of one year or till a vacancy is filled up on regular basis whichever is earlier.
2. In case of any further clarification, applicants are requested to contact the concerned Ministries / Departments.
Directorate General of Health Services invites application from retired Section Officer or equivalent or higher level and retired Assistant Section Officer or equivalent, well versed with Establishment / Administration Rules and procedure and ho have-served in Central Secretariat, for engagement as Consultant on contract basis initially for a period of one year or till the vacancy is filled up on regular basis whichever is earlier. The consultant will be deployed in Dte. GHS (HQ) as well as other subordinate offices located in New Delhi. Detailed terms and conditions for engagement of consultants are Annexed. The eligibility criteria and other details are as follows:
1 No. of consultants to be engaged on contract basis 2 at the level of SO and 06 at the level of ASO
(number may vary)
2 Maximum Age limit 62 years on the date of application
3 Place of assignment Directorate General of Health Services and its subordinate offices located in New Delhi
4 Assignments 1. Framing and Amendments of Recruitment Rules.
2. Handling of Court Cases; and
3. Other administrative & establishment matter
2. Interested persons who will also retire in the month of January, 2020 on attaining the age of superannuation and possess good health, and are in a position to join immediately may submit their particulars in the enclosed format along with relevant documents to the Section Officer, Administration-I Section, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Room No. 553 A-wing, Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi on or before 20th February, 2020
3. Ministries / Departments may also give this circular a wide publicity among their staff and bring it to the notice of their attached offices.
Terms and Conditions for engagement as Consultant in the Directorate General of Health Services.
The consultant shall perform the services as assigned to him / her by his / her controlling officer / Administration Division.
The normal working hours would be from 9.30 a.m. to 6.00 p.m. with a lunch break of 30 minutes from 1.30 p.m. to 2.00 p.m. from Monday to Friday. The consultant will mark his/her attendance in Aadhar Enabled Biometric Attendance System.
In special circumstances, the Consultant could be called for services on holidays or beyond normal working hours for which no compensatory leave will be granted.
The consultancy will start from the date he/she join initially for a period of one year.
The consultant shall be paid a remuneration as per the formula of last pay drawn minus pension plus DA on existing rate. Mandatory deduction, if any, will be made. The remuneration for services rendered in a month shall be payable in subsequent month.
Directorate General of Health Services shall have the right to examine/ review the services provided by him/her at any time.
The consultant shall perform his/her obligations under his/her consultancy with all necessary skills, diligence, efficiency and economy.
No other facility whatsoever except remuneration shall be provided to him /her by the Directorate General of Health Services in his /her capacity as Consultant.
The Directorate shall not be responsible for any loss, accident, damages /injury suffered by him/her whatsoever arising in or out of the execution of his /her work, including travel.
During the terms of the consultancy, he/she shall not be engaged in any private business or professional activity which could conflict with the interest of the Government.
The Consultant shall treat all official information as confidential and use the same only for purpose of the performance of the services.
The consultancy can be terminated by either side by giving at least 15 days prior notice.
He /She will be allowed a day's absence per month with remuneration. If this is not availed in a particular month the same shall be carried forward and can be availed in the next or subsequent month, but not more than three days absence in a single spell shall be allowed.
No typing assistance shall be provided
Latest DoPT Orders 2020: Status of Cadre Review Proposals as on 31.12.2019
Latest DoPT Orders 2020 – Review of PPS ad-hoc of CSSS under FR 56 J and Rule 48 of CCS Pension Rules, 1972
Proposal for implementation of various training programmes under the Training For All Scheme

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Toronto-based violinist/violist, composer and ethnomusicologist Parmela Attariwala performs Peter Morin's score NDN Love Songs, from the exhibition Soundings: An Exhibition in Five Parts in the Atrium. Attariwala has been described as "one of Canada's most original and compelling artists," traversing genres from Mozart to the avant-garde, from fiddle to rock, from free improvisation to non-Western crossovers, with virtuosic fluidity. This is a free event open to the public.


text:
Q: Session not getting destroyed on logout? I`m working on a codeigniter website which is integrated with a core php website. The problem is when i logout session are not getting destroyed or unset, if user click back button, he/she can go back to internal pages, also it will not allow other user to login, because a session is already running.
I already tried unsetting and destroying session using corephp but no luck, please suggest something.
this is my logout code
        function logout()
    {
    session_start();

    $this->session->set_userdata('user_id','');
    $this->session->set_userdata('user_name','');
    $this->session->set_userdata('business_id','');
    $this->session->set_userdata('email','');
    $this->session->set_userdata('user_type','');
    $this->session->set_userdata('activation_status','');
    unset($_SESSION);
    $this->session->sess_destroy();
      session_destroy();
    header('location:'.base_url().'Login');

     }

edit: it works on private browser but not on normal one

A: Try something like this

$data = array(
'user_id' => '',
'user_name' => '',
'business_id' => '',
'email' => '',
'user_type' => '',
'activation_status' => '',
);

$this->session->set_userdata('my_session',$data);

To Destroy Session

$this->session->sess_destroy('my_session');

A: Using the codeigniter session library it should be as simple as
function logout(){
    $this->session->sess_destroy();
    redirect('/');
}

Make sure you have the session library loaded in this controller (or autoloaded)
$this->load->library('session');

Also instead of setting blank userdata in your session, you could unset individual items in your session like this
$this->session->unset_userdata('user_id');

A: try this
    $array = ('user_id', 'user_name', 'business_id', 'email', 'user_type', 'activation_status');
    $this->session->unset_userdata($array);


This table provides a list of papers relevant to the e-FISCAL work, which have been reviewed as part of the project state-of-the-art analysis. The papers mainly deal with financial aspects of High Throughput, High Performance, or Cloud Computing or other aspects related to the project such as Energy and Green IT.
If you are aware of a paper that is relevant and not listed below, please send us a note using the contact form. The project members are also active in the LinkedIn group established for discussions about ICT cost issues.
In this paper, authors discuss the need for valuation of Cloud Computing, identify key components, and structure these components in a framework. Their proposed framework aims at assisting decision makers in estimating Cloud Computing costs and to compare these costs to conventional IT solutions.
2. Identification of a company's suitability for the adoption of cloud computing and modelling its corresponding Return on Investment, Subhas Chandra Misra et al, Telecommunications Software Engineering: Emerging Methods, Models and Tools, Mathematical and Computer Modelling, Volume 53, Issues 3-4, February 2011, Pages 504-521, Elsevier Ltd.
This paper proposes a modeling tool that can quantitatively compare the cost of leasing CPU time from online services to that of purchasing and using a server cluster of equivalent capability.
Authors carry out a total cost of ownership (TCO) analysis of a private resource system and a dedicated large HPC system. They compare the performance and cost-benefits of a dedicated HPC system in contrast to a private resource system. They conclude that a small private resource system with renting capability can provide a viable alternative to users to run their HPC applications, without the need to purchase and maintain a large, dedicated, HPC cluster system.
The scope of this report is to consider Cloud Computing for research in the areas of compute and storage. It covers the issues of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and Platform as a Service but not Software as a Service. According to authors this report is intended to provide decision support as critical thinking is still required from researchers and institutions as to what data storage or compute solution is most appropriate given functional requirements, budget, security, reliability, trust, etc. as well as the cloud services currently on offer.
This presentation refers to the Green Data Center Program of Columbia University and discusses green best practices applied to the specific center. It contains detailed information and examples related to energy efficiency measurement.
In this article the cost of operating the Hyak shared compute facility at the University of Washington is explained. Moreover a comparison with some commercial alternatives is included.
In this article authors analyze the different general cost categories related to grid computing and determine the total costs of a resource provider. They give concrete numbers for the different cost categories and use these numbers to estimate the costs of the EGEE project and the Grid of the pharmaceutical company Novartis.
This study estimates historical electricity used by data centers worldwide and regionally on the basis of more detailed data than were available for previous assessments, including electricity used by servers, data center communications, and storage equipment.
This paper discusses the economics of scale implications for cloud computing as well as the concerns raised and cost implications for public and private clouds.
In this paper, authors argue that servers can be sent to homes and office buildings and used as a primary heat source. They call this approach the Data Furnace or DF and they claim that DFs create new opportunities for both lower cost and improved quality of service, if cloud computing applications can exploit the differences in the cost structure and resource profile between Data Furnaces and conventional data centers.
This paper aims at comparing and contrasting Cloud Computing with Grid Computing from various angles. Moreover, it gives insights into the essential characteristics of both.
In this paper it is claimed that most commercial entities don't have the infrastructure to handle the intensive workloads of high-performance computing and, if they do, it will probably be more expensive – in one case, 10 times more expensive – for them to run dedicated services than for some agencies to run their own private clouds.
In this paper the status of cloud computing today and various adoption issues, including costs, are discussed.
The goal of this paper is to develop a solid foundation in terms of viable options and questions one needs to consider when dealing with the variability found in pricing options within grid computing.
In this paper, authors compare and contrast the performance and monetary cost-benefits of clouds for desktop grid applications, ranging in computational size and storage. They examine several research questions using performance measurements and monetary expenses of real desktop grids and the Amazon elastic compute cloud.
This report compares grid and cloud computing services, taking a practical look at implementations of the Enabling Grids for E-sciencE (EGEE) project for grid and the Amazon Web Service (AWS) for cloud. Taking performance, scale, ease of use, costs, functionality and other aspects into consideration, the report looks at the overall opportunity that converging cloud and grid services can bring to users.
This report aims to evaluate technologies such "Infrastructure as a Service', 'Platform as a Service' and 'Software as a Service', understand how they relate to EGI, and build a foundation for the integration of cloud and virtualisation into the European production infrastructure. The report includes a cost analysis and comparisons to current market offers (chapter 5).
In this report (part b) the results of the financial exercise performed by the e-IRGSP2 is presented. The financial exercise aimed at estimating the cost of the EGI pan–European grid infrastructure for 2009 by extrapolating the cost of a few (seven) selected NGIs as example cases. Within the study the cost per CPU core hour under alternative CPU utilization rates is calculated and compared to the Amazon EC2 prices.
This report provides an updated taxonomy of services and a first outline of potential business models relevant to EGI serving. Within the business models identified sources of revenue and support are discussed such as fixed fee-based and usage-based models, free to use models, in-kind effort sources and public funding.
The study reports that the rapid rates of growth in data center electricity use that prevailed from 2000 to 2005 slowed significantly from 2005 to 2010, yielding total electricity use by data centers in 2010 of about 1.3% of all electricity use for the world, and 2% of all electricity use for the US.
This article assesses trends in servers to help explain the driving forces affecting data center costs. It develops and documents detailed examples from available data, estimating costs and correcting them for inflation, and explaining the implications of the results.
This article explores the relationship between the processing power of computers and the electricity required to deliver that performance. More specifically, it estimates how many calculations historical and current computers were (or are) able to complete per kilowatt-hour of electricity consumed, which is one way to measure the electrical efficiency of computation over time.
24. Determining Total Cost of Ownership for Data Center and Network Room Infrastructure, White paper 6, Schneider Electric, Neil Rasmussen, 2011.
The paper presents a method for measuring total cost of ownership (TCO) of data center network room physical infrastructure and relates these costs to the overall information technology infrastructure with examples. Also, the cost drivers of TCO are quantified.
25. Cost Analysis of Current Grids and Its Implications for Future Grid Markets Grid Economics and Business Models, Marcel Risch and Jörn Altmann, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 5206/2008.
This paper analyzes the question whether using the Grid is financially advantageous, using the Amazon.com EC2 service as a reference. To perform this analysis, the costs of computing resources in different usage scenarios are calculated, if Grid resources and in-house resources are used. The comparison of the costs reveals that while the Grid is cheaper in the short term, it is not a good investment in the long term and, thus, the existence of a Grid economy will not lead to an end of ownership but rather to a reduction in in-house resources and more efficient resource usage.
In this paper, an analytical model of hybrid cloud costs is introduced, wherein the costs of computing and data communication are taken into account. Using this model, a cost-efficient division of the computing capacity between the private and the public portion of a hybrid cloud can be identified.
In this thesis, the author presents a model for calculating the base cost for a core-hour of computation in Purdue University's campus grid. With a cost model, the author then analyzes the benefits gained from using the grid, based on the number of hours of delivered, number of computations completed, and the number of users and faculty members served.
This paper is a case study of costs incurred by faculty end-users of Purdue University's HPC "community cluster" program. The authors develop and present a per node-hour cloud computing equivalent cost that is based upon actual usage patterns of the community cluster participants and is suitable for direct comparison to hourly costs charged by one commercial cloud computing provider. They find that the majority of community cluster participants incur substantially lower out-of-pocket costs in this community cluster program than in purchasing cloud computing HPC products.
In this article, the authors focus on the steady decrease in prices offered by Amazon for their services. They comment that over time, the price to rent 1 unit of resources for three years of continuous usage has fallen dramatically as Amazon offered new instance types, offered new long-term pricing plans, and lowered prices outright across the board.
30. Magellan Final Report, December 2011 Magellan is a project funded through the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR). Its goal is to investigate the potential role of cloud computing in addressing the computing needs for the DOE Office of Science (SC). In the conclusions of the project's final report it is stated, among others, that "the cost analysis shows that DOE centers are cost competitive, typically 3-7x less expensive when compared to commercial cloud providers".
Report UCB//CSD-02-1175, U.C. Berkeley, March 15, 2002.
In this paper authors deal with Recovery Oriented Computing (ROC). They claim that since a large portion of system administration is dealing with failures, ROC may reduce total cost of ownership. They argue that one to two orders of magnitude reduction in cost mean that the purchase price of hardware and software is now a small part of the total cost of ownership.
32. IMEX TCO Analysis High Peformance Computing. In this report IMEX Research presents the results of the evaluation of the three-year life cycle TCO (Total Cost of Ownership including Acquisition and Operation Costs) of a 512 node cluster in HPC environment using APPRO HyperBlade Servers based on AMD Opteron processors and 1U servers from Dell, Hewlett Packard, IBM and Sun.
33. Which is less expensive: Amazon or self-hosted? Charlie Oppenheimer, Matrix Partners Feb. 11, 2012 In this article the author discusses the economics of the choice between self-hosted and cloud provider (Amazon Web Servises – AWS) as a function of demand distribution.
34. "Cost analysis of cloud computing for research", Hawtin et al, Final Report to EPSRC and JISC, 22/2/2012, Curtis+Cartwright Consulting Ltd. In this report researchers analyse the common view that cloud computing is about to save money. They suggest that this is certainly not clear for research computing. They conclude that on a pure price comparison, the more powerful cloud computing instances, rented on an hourly basis, appear to be one-and-a-half to two times more expensive per core-hour than well-managed, locally-provided clusters in modern data centres operating at high utilisation levels. However, other purchasing models (such as 'Reserved Instances') can reduce the costs to parity or better.
35. "Cloud computing as an innovation: Perception, attitude, and adoption" Lin A. et al. International Journal of Information Management (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2012.04.001 This study aims to investigate how cloud computing is understood by IT professionals and the concerns that IT professionals have in regard to the adoption of cloud services. The study was carried out in Taiwan and used a survey by interview approach to understand IT professionals' understandings and concerns about cloud computing. The findings of the study suggest that while the benefits of cloud computing such as its computational power and ability to help companies save costs are often mentioned in the literature, the primary concerns that IT managers and software engineers have are compatibility of the cloud with companies' policy, IS development environment, and business needs; and relative advantages of adopting cloud solutions. The findings also suggest that most IT companies in Taiwan will not adopt cloud computing until the uncertainties associated with cloud computing, e.g. security and standardisation are reduced and successful business models have emerged.
36. "Cloud computing — The business perspective" Marston S et al Decision Support Systems 51 (2011), 176–189 In this article, authors identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for the cloud computing industry. They also identify the various issues that will affect the different stakeholders of cloud computing. They issue a set of recommendations for the practitioners who will provide and manage this technology. For IS researchers, they outline the different areas of research that need attention so to advice the industry in the years to come. Finally, they outline some of the key issues facing governmental agencies who, due to the unique nature of the technology, will have to become intimately involved in the regulation of cloud computing.
37. "Performance and Cost Assessment of Cloud Services" Paul Brebner and Anna Liu, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, , Volume 6568, Service-Oriented Computing, Pages 39-50, 2011 Authors have developed a Service Oriented Performance Modeling technology for modeling the performance and scalability of Service Oriented applications architected for a variety of platforms. Using a suite of cloud testing applications we conducted in-depth empirical evaluations of a variety of real cloud infrastructures, including Google App Engine, Amazon EC2, and Microsoft Azure. The insights from these experimental evaluations, and other public/published data, were combined with the modeling technology to predict the resource requirements in terms of cost, application performance, and limitations of a realistic application for different deployment scenarios.
38. "Towards A European Roadmap for Datacentres and their Economic and Environmental Impact", Cordis (2011), Workshop Reportheld in Brussels in November 2011 This report discusses potential actions that could contribute towards improving efficiency in data centres and reducing costs. The report presents a discussion about ways that Europewould be mobilized to minimize both the environmental and economic impact of such centres while addressing the issue that the amount of data shows a considerable increasing tread. The strategies are discussed under two perspectives: The "low hanging fruit actions" and the long term programs. The report touches up the whole resource efficiency consideration of data centres (energy consumption, thermal dissipation, use of water for cooling, carbon footprint, the construction of data centers per se). The report considers critical the measuring of impact through metrics welcoming PUE as a first step, while acknowledging differences among data centres. Actions that could contribute towards decreasing power consumption include among others, applications software efficiency, hardware/software co-design, advances in processor design, new approaches in minimizing cooling requirements, improvements to uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) and usage of renewable energy sources.
39. "Benchmarking the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)", Coffey et al, Major Qualifying Project Report submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science , 9/3/2011 This project sought to determine whether Amazon EC2 is an economically viable environment for scientific research-oriented activities within a university setting. The methodology involved benchmarking the performance of the cloud servers against the best systems available at the Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Department of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE (WPI). Results indicate that the newest ECE server outperformed the best EC2 instance by approximately 25% in most cases. A comprehensive cost analysis suggests that EC2 instances can achieve up to 60% better cost to performance ratios in the short-term when compared against the ECE servers. However, a long-term projected cost analysis determined that the overall cost of owning a large set of reserved instances comes out to almost 60% more than the cost of comparable in-house servers.
40. "On the Economics of Huge Requirements of the Mass Storage: a Case Study of the Agata Project", Mendez Munoz et al, CLOSER 2011 - International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science, pp. 506-511.
This case study focuses in costs analysis of huge size mass storage under three options: a dedicated storage, a Grid storage and a Cloud storage service. It concludes that the costs savings depend more in the particularity of the problems than in general estimations. Moreover, the results show a lower total costs for the Grid option.
This paper describes current estimates of both disk and tape storage based on operational experience at the San Diego Supercomputer Center which operates a large-scale storage infrastructure. Moreover, authors present their views on projected cost trends in both disk and tape and provide a comparison to current web-based commercial storage services.
The espida project aims at proposing a framework within which a good project proposal is prepared that permits that a clear communication between a proposer and a funder is achieved and the project proposal includes all costs and benefits clearly defined.
43. "Fair Benhcmarking for Cloud Computing Services", L. B. Gillam et al, University of Surrey, March 2012. This project aims to at the practical characterisation of IaaS resources through means of assessing performance of three public Cloud providers and one private Cloud system, in relation to a set of established, reasonably informative, and relatively straightforward to run, benchmarks.
44. "Evolving the EGI Business Model" Sergio Andreozzi et al, EGI Deliverable D2.18, 25/05/2012 EGI's main contribution to the digital European Research Area is to deliver a world-class einfrastructure built as an open ecosystem that offers the opportunity for different actors to provide their own uniquely valuable tools and services for the benefits of researchers. In order for the whole EGI ecosystem to provide value sustainably, each actor needs to properly identify the most appropriate business model for it to operate with. This report addresses this need by bringing together the information produced from a number of activities over the last year and providing a framework for discussing and generating business models for the actors within the EGI ecosystem. Concrete proposals and plans for the next two years are also provided."
This paper presents a hybrid cost assessment method (e-FISCAL method) addressing the limitations of the standard methods (i.e. Total Cost of Ownership and Full Cost Accounting) and presents some of the initial results of the e-FISCAL study as an illustration of the kind of cost assessment issues high-utilisation rate ICT services should consider when choosing between different infrastructure options.
46. VENUS-C EU project deliverable, D3.10 - Future Sustainability Strategies, Members of the VENUS-C Consortium, chapter 4, 25/6/2012 This document identifies and discusses relevant aspects that influence the future sustainability of e-Science Cloud infrastructures. Moreover, the document presents a current market analysis along with an analysis of the VENUS-C cloud application community in terms of behaviour and requirements. The document presents three business models for the involvement of commercial cloud providers for e-Science purposes: a hybrid model where users interact with a local community cloud and an external commercial provider, a similar one with the addition of a cloud broker in between, and one where users interact directly with an external commercial provider.
47. FedSM EU proejct deliverable D3.1: Business Models for federated e-Infrastructures, Owen Appleton, FedSM Consortium, This document presents a way to categorise different arrangements of federations in the eInfrastructure domain and looks at the business models that these arrangement imply. This includes developing some simple tools to assist in this process. The business models include invisible coordination, advisor, matchmaker, one stop shop and integrator roles.
pricing mechanism that combines pay per use and subscription mechanisms was created to better balance risk sharing between services provider and customer.
50. Gartner Special Report on Cloud Computing - Cloud Services Brokerage, This report presents cloud services brokerage (CSB). CSB plays an intermediary role in cloud computing and makes it easier for organizations to consume and maintain cloud services, particularly when they span multiple providers. This research defines CSBs and outlines the capabilities that are needed in this role.


The OCZ is brand new, just bought it. I've tried my other OCZ power supplies (they were giving my other motherboards 12.1) put it on my system, and I get 12.2-12.3 I'm getting the voltage settings through the BIOS. Yes, the latest ASUS bios, the only OC I have is voltage, and that's for the RAM (ram requires 1.9v). I've tried with auto, same thing. It seems to like 1.89 better than 1.905. The computer is constantly blue screening on my 250W. I'm guessing it's not providing enough voltage. Just read a review on Newegg a guy has a OCZ 600W power supply, and it's working perfect for him. Could 3 OCZ power supplies really be bad? (500W, 550W, 700W). Tried all three and still got 12.2 - 12.3. While inside the system SpeedFan gets the 12v rail as 12.8 on all power supplies (including the 250W).
My computer keeps freezing, and sometimes gets weird lines on the screen. It also freezes in the bios, and gets the weird lines. I'm sure everyone will go right to video card, I got the motherboard replaced from Newegg with a brand new one, same problem as the old one I had. Here's my setup: Motherboard: ASUS M4A785T-M/CSM CPU: AMD Phenom II X2 550 Black Edition RAM: OCZ Gold 4GB (2 x 2GB) 240-Pin DDR3 (1600) Video: Integrated (ATI Radeon HD 4200) Power Supply: OCZ ModXStream Pro OCZ500MXSP 500W I contacted ASUS support, they said the 12V rail was way to high (12.3 - 12.4) they said it should be around 11.9 - 12 (being best) - 12.1 So I thought my power supply was bad, contacted OCZ they said 12.3 - 12.6 was acceptable, and the 12.1 power supplies cost a ton of money. So I called ASUS back, they said their boards only supported 11.9 - 12.1, so I checked my other power supplies, motherboards were reading 12.1 so I pulled out my OCZ ModXStrem Pro 700W, hooked it up, and I got 12.2-12.3 and the system still kept freezing. Called ASUS back, they're saying both my power supplies are bad, even if my DFI board is reading 12.1. So I pulled out an old 230W power supply, and got 12.1. The system has been running for at least 10 minutes now, no problems on the 230W power supply, yet... Is there any way to make my 500W power supply work? I've also upgraded the BIOS in hopes that would fix it, still can't run my 500W power supply.
Thanks ccokeman and Praz. I'll do just that, emailed OCZ and will attempt to call them tomorrow about getting different ram (Was planning on getting Platinum 7-7-7-24). I was thinking about increasing VTT to 1.45 earlier but didn't do it. I'll let you know how it goes, if I don't have any luck I'll put it to 163x20 until I buy a new memory kit, I'll probably get Mushkin if OCZ won't accept the ram. Edit: It's stable first try too! Thanks everyone!
I am totally clueless on why I can't get my processor to hit 3.3 Ghz. I've gotten so close where it successfully passes the 2 hour test, but when I throw it the 8 hour test it fails (OCCT). I've tried increasing the CPU VTT Voltage and the Special add (one at a time) with no success. I can get my computer to 3.26 Ghz (with a special add of 100.47% (Everything else stock)) Here's my specs: Motherboard: DFI LANPARTY UT X58-T3eH8 (1.0) Processor: Intel Core i7 920 Nehalem 2.66GHz (C0/C1) RAM: OCZ DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1600 (PC3 12800) (OCZ3G16004GK) (Timing : 8-8-8-24) BIOS Info: Date: 2009-06-19 Voltage Info: CPU VID Control: 1.28125V CPU VID Special Add: 104.48% DRAM Bus Voltage: 1.905V (Ram Requires 1.9V CPU VTT Voltage: 1.42V CPU Core Voltage: 1.32 Everything else is stock Overclock Info: QPI Frequency: 4.800GT/s (BCLK*18*2) CPU Base Clock (BCLK): 166 MHz I've gotten the CPU Core voltage up to 1.34 and it seems to get more unstable, yet I increased the special add one at a time so I don't understand what more I need to do. Is 3.20 the highest I can go?
I'm using windows Calendar (running vista) to set appointments, ect... I tell it to remind me an hour before the appointment so I can attend it, the hour comes and it never shows the appointment, I look on the calendar and it says Show reminders when calendar isn't running, yet its not showing them. Is there a fix for this problem? Or does it only show appointments certain times? I of course was late for the appointment, no big deal though, should I download a calendar, or is there one better?
I guess that would be DDR2 Voltage? If so I set it to 2.100 Hopefully that will fix the problem, thanks everyone. This won't damage my ram will it? I found it inside the UGuru Utility that came with my motherboard in the BIOS, it says in the book thats where I set the Voltages for the memory modules.
It can't be off by more then 15 hours... It's only off by like 5 minutes, and sometimes even 6 hours (don't ask how it gets like that). It's all my computers, not just this one, they all can't be 15 hours off.
I ran a scan using Kaspersky and it came back finding 5 virus's. With the Trojan name: Backdoor.Win32.Hupigon.cvx I looked on google and couldn't find anything with that name. Is this Trojan something to worry about..... It deleted it from my system but the infected file was wextract.exe which supposedly has something to do with windows, because right after I deleted it it said missing file was replaced with unknown file Any help with this?


During 2018, 6096 laboratory reports of Campylobacter were received by HPS. This was an increase of 301 (5.2%) compared to 2017 when 5795 isolates were reported. This is the second consecutive year reports of Campylobacter have increased following a decline in reports of Campylobacter in 2015 and 2016. Despite the increase in reports in 2018, the number remains below the peak of 6636 reports in 2014.


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