A method and apparatus for a drilling with casing includes therewith a drill shoe (10) configured for later drilling through thereof in situ, with cutters retainable thereon in response to the forces encountered during borehole drilling, yet moveable from the envelope through which the later drill shoe will pass when cutting through the in situ drill shoe (10). The drill shoe (10) includes one or more profiles thereon, into which blades (26) carrying the formation drilling cutters are disposed. The profiles include at least one projection thereon, which is received within a mating slot in the blades. The blades (26) also may be configured to have opposed sections which are configured with respect to one another to have an included angle (136) of less than ninety degrees.
(0003] Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to the field of well drilling, particularly to the field of well drilling for the extraction of hydrocarbons from sub-surface formations, wherein the drill string is used as the well casing.
 The drilling of wells to recover hydrocarbons from subsurface formations is typically accomplished by directing a rotatable drilling element, such as a drill bit, into the earth on the end of tubing known as a "drill string" through which drilling mud is directed to cool and clean the drilling face of the drill bit and remove drilled material or cuttings from the borehole as it is drilled. After the borehole has been drilled or bored to its desired depth and location, the borehole is typically cased, ie., metal tubing is located along the length of the borehole and cemented in place to isolate the borehole from the surrounding earth, prevent the forrnation from caving into the borehole, and to isolate the earth formations from one another. The casing is then perforated at specific locations where hydrocarbons are expected to be found, to enable their recovery through the borehole.
 It is known to use casing as the drill string, and, when drilling is completed to a desired depth, to cement the casing in place and thereby eliminate the need to remove the drill string from the borehole. However, when casing is used in place of the drill string, any equipment or tooling used in the drilling of the well must be removed from the interior of the casing to allow an additional, smaller diameter casing and drill bit to drill the borehole further into the earth. Thus, the drill bit or drill shoe located at the end of the drill string must be eliminated as an obstacle, without pulling the casing from the borehole. Removal of the drill shoe is typically accomplished by drilling through the drill shoe with a second drill stioe or drill, bit extended into the previously cemented casing, and thence into the earth beyond the just drilled drill shoe.
Thus the drill shoe needs to be configured of a drillaible material, which limits the loading which can be placed on the drill shoe during drilling and thus limits the efficiency of drilling with the drillable drill shoe. Typically a "drillable" drill shoe is configured of a relatively soft metal, such as aluminum, with reiatively hard inserts of materials such as synthetic diamond located thereon to serve as the cutting material. Additionally, although the main body of the drillable drill shoe is configured of a readily drilled material, the hard cutters of the drill shoe tend to cause rapid wear and physical damage to the drill shoe being used to drill through the previous drill shoe, thus reducing the life of the drill bit, and thus the depth of formation the drill shoe can penetrate before it too must be drilled through by an additional drill shoe directed through the casing.
 It is also known to provide a drill shoe having a relatively soft metal body, within which a plurality of stronger metal blades are received, upon which blades are supplied the cutters for cutting into the earth as the borehole progresses and which blades may be moved out of the area through which the drill shoe is drilled and subsequent casing penetrates, as is disclosed in United States Patent Number 6,443,247. This drill shoe includes an integral piston assembly therein, which, upon actuation by a drilling operator, pushes through the drill shoe and physically presses the harder metal blades, with the cutters thereon, into the annular area and/or the adjacent formation and out of the area through which the next drill shoe will pass.
Thereafter, an additional drill shoe is passed down the existing casing to remove the remaining, relatively soft, metal mass of the drill shoe, and into the formation beyond the just drilled through drill shoe. Although this drill shoe configuration solves the problem encountered when the drill shoe would otherwise need to engage and grind up hard metal parts, the drill shoes still suffer from limited lifetimes because the blades will extrude or otherwise become separated from the relatively soft metal body of the drill shoe if the loading thereon exceeds a certain threshold. Thus, although this style of drill shoe has gained a high degree of commercial acceptance, the capability of the drill shoe remains limited.
 The present invention generally provides methods and apparatus for drilling of boreholes, wherein the drill string is used as the casing for the borehole, wherein the drill shoe used for drilling the borehole includes an integral displacement element whereby the cutting elements of the drill shoe are displaceable into the formation surrounding the drill shoe when the well is completed. The drill shoe includes one or more blades having cutters thereon, and each of the blades includes an engagement profile for secure engagement with the body of the drill shoe during drilling operation yet is readily deformed to be embedded into the formation adjacent the drill shoe when drilling is completed.
 In one embodiment, the blades include an outer axial section, a transverse section, and a generally axial base section that are received in a continuous slot formed within the body of the drill shoe. The slot and the blade include complementary profiles for maintaining the blades in position against the loading of the blades caused by the engagement thereof with the formation being drilled, while allowing the blades to be displaced into the formation after drilling is completed.
 To enable displacement of the blades into the formation, the drill shoe preferably includes a passageway therein through which the drilling mud is flowed, and which is selectively blocked while the drilling mud is continued to be pumped into the drill string. The blocking of the mud passages completes a piston structure, which is actuated through the drill shoe and thereby pushes the blades into the `adjacent formation.
 In another aspect, the present invention provides an earth removal apparatus comprising a first body portion and a second body portion at least partially receivable within the first body portion. A profile is formed on an outer surface of the second body portion and a cutting member is engaged with the profile, wherein the profile is adapted to maintain the cutting member on the profile during operation.
 In another aspect, the present invention provides an earth removal apparatus comprising a drillable body portion and at least one profile formed on an outer surface of the drillable body portion. The at least one profile including at least two intersecting faces, wherein one of the faces includes a projection thereon. A blade is matingly engageable with the at least one profile.
 In another aspect, the present invention provides a drill bit comprising a first body portion and a drillable second body portion. At least one profile is formed integral with at least one of the first body portion and the drillable second body portion, the at least one profile having at least two opposed segments having a discernable orientation. A cutting member is received in the at least one profile and having the discernable orientation and the discernable orientation including an included angle between the opposed segments of less than ninety degrees.
 In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of drilling with casing, wherein a drillable drill bit is provided, comprising providing a drill bit support at a lower end of the casing, locating a drillable body portion within the drill bit support, and providing a blade receiving member integral with at least one of the drill bit support and the body portion. The receiving member including a profile. The method also includes positioning a blade having a mating profile on the receiving member and using the drill bit to form a wellbore, wherein the profile is adapted to substantially maintain the blade on the blade receiving member during drilling.
 In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of completing a wellbore comprising providing an earth removal apparatus at a lower of a drill string.
The earth removal appara.tus having a first body portion and a drillable portion disposed in the first body portion, the drillable portion including a bore. The method also includes forming the weilbore, blocking the bore from fluid communication, moving the drillable portion relative the first sleeve portion, and re-establishing fluid communication between an inner portion of the earth removal apparatus and the welibore.
 In another aspect, the present invention provides a downhole valve comprising a first body portion, a bore disposed through the first body portion, and an obstruction member retainer at least partially disposed in the bore, wherein the obstruction member retainer is adapted to cooperate with an obstruction member to provide selective fluid communication through the bore.
 Figure 9 shows yet another embodiment of a drill shoe according to aspects of the present invention; and  Figure 10 shows the drill shoe of Figure 9 after the ball has extruded though the ball seat to re-establish circulation.
 Referring initially to Figure 1, there is shown in perspective an earth removal apparatus such as a drill shoel0 of the present invention, for placement on the end of a string of casing for drilling a borehole into the earth, primarily for the recovery or potential recovery of hydrocarbons from sub-surface locations. The drill shoe generally includes a support, such as a sleeve portion 20, into which is received a drillable member, such as a body portion 30, and over which are secured a plurality of cutting members or blades 26 (only four of a total of six to be so located) in notches 70 formed on the exterior of the drill shoe 10. The drill shoe 10 is specifically configured to enable the drilling of a borehole with the drill shoe 10, with subsequent cementing of the casing into the borehole, and then subsequent drilling through of the drill shoe 10 with a subsequent drill shoe 10.
 Referring now to Figures 2 and 3, there is shown, in cross section, the drill shoe 10 of the present invention, suspended upon casing 12 located within a borehole 14, which casing 12 is rotated by a drilling table, top drive, or similar apparatus (not shown) at the earth's surface to enable the drill shoe 10 to drill or cut into the formations encountered thereby and thus form the borehole 14. The drill shoe generally includes an outer, tubular sleeve 20 upon which a plurality of blades 26 are secured, and within which is positioned a body portion 30 of a drillable material, such as aluminum. In operation, the body portion 30 provides rigidity to prevent deformation of the sleeve 20 and maintain the drill shoe 10 on a threaded connection on the lower most extension of the casing in the wellbore as drilling operations are carried out, and also provides an extrusion element which may be pushed through the sleeve 20 and thereby push the blades 26 into the adjacent formation in the annular area and/or sides of the borehole 14 to enable drilling through of the drill shoe 10 during subsequent operations in the borehole 14.
 Sleeve 20 is generally configured as a tubular or cylindrical element, and includes a first, threaded end 22 for threaded receipt upon the lowermost extension of the casing 12, an outer, cylindrical face 24 upon which a plurality of blades (preferably 6) are disposed, and a lower open end 28. The inner cylindrical face of sleeve 20 includes a first, major diameter bore 34 extending from first end 22, and a second smaller diameter bore 36 extending from a ledge 38 formed at the intersection of these two, collinear, bores. Within sleeve 20 is received the body portion 30 of a drillable material, such as aluminum, which forms a mass within the sleeve to maintain the shape of sleeve 20 as the drill shoe 10 is pushed against the bottom 16 of the borehole 14 and rotated. Sleeve 20 further includes a plurality of mud vents 37, disposed radially through the sleeve 20 at the major diameter bore 34.
 Body portion 30 is a generally right circular mass of drillable material, having features formed therein such as by machining, to provide a mass of material to back up the relatively thin wall of the sleeve 20 during drilling, to enable the extrusion of the body portion 30 through any potentially borehole interfering sections of the sleeve 20 and the blades 26 when the drilling is completed with the drill shoe 10, and to provide a readily drillable material for removal of the mass from the borehole 14. Body portion 30 generally includes a main counterbore 40 extending inwardly of the first end 42 thereof, and ending at a generally conically concave base 44 from which a mud bore 46 extends inwardly of the backup portion of body portion forming backup mass to limit the deformation of the sleeve 20 and the blades 26 during drilling operations. Mud bore 46 splits into a plurality of mud passages 50, which terminate at the lower surface of the body portion 30. Mud bore 46 also includes a tapered seat portion 52, into which a ball 51 (Figure 2) may be seated, as will be further described herein. The outer surface of body portion 30 includes a generally right circular outer face 54, and an end portion 56 which is profiled and machined to receive a portion of the blades 26 therein, as will be described further herein. Outer face 54 includes, at the opening of the counterbore 40, a outwardly extending lip 58 which sealingly, or at least is substantially closely, fits to the inner face of major diameter bore 34, as well as at least one axial slot 60, extending along the outer face 54 from the end portion 56. A pin 62 is secured within sleeve 20 and extends into slot 60, and serves to prevent rotation of the body portion 30 within sleeve 20 when a different drill bit introduced down the casing interior drills the body portion 30 out.
 To retain the body portion 30 within sleeve 20, the sleeve 20 includes a retainer ring 64, located within major diameter bore 34 generally above the body portion 30 and secured thereto with pins or the like, which prevents retraction of the body portion 30 from the sleeve 20, and an inwardly projecting lip 66, extending inwardly at the lower open end thereof, which is received into an annular recess 68 machined or cast into the face of body portion 30 about its perimeter (best shown in Figure 3). Lip 66 may be a continuous inward projection on the end of the sleeve 20, or may be a separate retainer ring which is affixed at its inboard end to the end of sleeve 20.
 Referring again to Figure 1, a general overview of the structure of the blades 26, as well as their attachment to the drill shoe 10, is shown. Generally, the blades 26 are received within a profile which extends along the outer surface of the sleeve 20 and the base of body portion 30. An exemplary profile is a notch 70 configured to interact with the blade 26 to keep the blade 26 in position on the sleeve 20 during drilling operation. Each blade 26 is formed of a single length of steel, or similar material having both relatively high strength, rigidity and ductility, bent to form opposed first and second linear sections 72, 74, which are interconnected by curved shoulder segment 76. A plurality of cutters 78 are located on the outer face of the blades 26, to be engaged with, and cut into, the formation as the borehole extends therein.
Although six blades 6 are shown in the Figures, it is contemplated that any suitable number of blades 26 may be disposed on the drill shoe 10. For example, the drill shoe 10 may include four blades or five blades.
 The interface and interconnection of the blade 26 and notch 70 is shown in detail in Figures 5 and 6, wherein the blade 26 is generally rectangular in cross section, and includes a multifaceted base 80 which contacts a multifaceted first face 82 of the notch 70, and a sidewall 84 which abuts against a second face 86 of the notch 70.
Multifaceted base 80 includes a centrally located, generally rectangular, slot extending therein over the length thereof, into which a mating rectangular projection 90 of the notch 70 extends, along the entire length of the blade 26. Projection 90, being generally rectangular in cross section, forms in conjunction with multifaceted first face 82 a first compression face 104 extended upwardly on projection 90, and first and second lower compression faces 106, 108, disposed to either side of first compression face 104, an anti-rotation flank 100 in facing relationship to second face 86 of notch 70, and a secondary abutment face 93, on the opposed flank of the projection from anti rotation flank 100 and generally parallel thereto and to second face 86 of the notch 70.
 Referring again to Figure 1, to create the multifaceted notch 70, a continuous groove (not shown) is cut into the outer face of both the sleeve 20 and body 30, into which preforms 112 and 114, having the specific geometry of the notch 70 provided therein, are inserted and welded into place. Alternatively, the preform 114 in body portion 30 may be created by directly molding a boss into the body portion 30 when the body portion 30 is initially configured such as by aluminum casting, and then machining the specific geometry of the notch 70 therein. Alternatively still, the preforms 112, 114 may be formed into both the sleeve 20 and the body portion 30 by machining.
Additionally, the outer surface of the sleeve 20 includes stabilizers or standoffs 132, positioned at the uppermost terminus of the notch 70, having a height corresponding generally to the height of the cutters 78 on the first linear section 72 of the blades 26, to center or stabilize the drill shoe 10 in the borehole 14.
 Referring now to Figures 5 and 6, the blade 26 includes geometry complimentary to the notch 70, such that slot 88 projecting into multifaceted base 80 creates a multi level engagement surface, including a recessed face 91 and two extended faces 92, 94, generally parallel thereto and extended therefrom by the depth of the slot 88, as well as first projecting face 96 and second projecting face 98, formed as the flanks of the slot in a facing, generally parallel relationship to one another and to the sidewall 84. The depth of slot 88 is variable, such that the slot 88 is deeper, and thus the area of faces 96 and 98 are greater, in second linear section 74 of the blade 26 which, in use, is located within the notch 70 received in the body portion 30 of the drill shoe 10. Likewise, as shown in Figure 5, the height of sidewall 84 is increased to maintain a larger area for full depth contact between sidewall 84 and second face 86.
As it is specifically contemplated that the body portion 30 is configured from an easily drillable material, which will likely have a lower shear or yield resistance than the material used for the sleeve 20, this larger area of the faces (and correspondingly of sidewall 84) helps distribute the load in the notch 70 over a greater area in the body portion 30 as compared to the sleeve 20, and thereby reduce the likelihood of plastic failure of the notch 70 as it extends in the body portion 30 under drilling conditions. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the aspect ratio of the slot 88 (and correspondingly in the mating surfaces of the notch 70), and likewise of the projection 90, defined as the height of the projection (or depth of slot) to its width, ranges in the embodiment shown from slightly over 1:1 at the first linear section 72 of the blade 26, to approximately 2:1 at the second linear section 74 of the blade 26. It is contemplated that higher aspect ratios are appropriate, for example, where the blade is very large in width, i.e., the circumferential direction of the sleeve 20, for example on the order of 5 inches wide, a slot depth of only 0.010 inches may be appropriate, resulting in an aspect ratio of 0.002:1. Likewise, were the blade made relatively tall, a high aspect ratio on the order of 500:1 may be appropriate.
 Received upon the outer surface of the blade 26 are a plurality of cutters 78, typically hardened synthetic diamond compacts, which are attached thereto using welding, high strength adhesives, threaded engagement into bores in the blade 26, or the like. To secure the blade 26 and fill the gaps or clearances between the blade 26 in the notch 70, adhesive or filler, such as Tubelok available from Weatherford Corporation of Houston, Texas, is applied to the blade 26 and notch 70, and the blade 26 pushed therein. It is specifically contemplated that the fit of the blade 26 in the notch 70 not be an interference fit at ambient temperatures, and that a clearance on the order of a few thousands of an inch between the slot 88 and projection 90 is allowable as long as the fit is snug.
 During drilling operation, the drill shoe 10 rotates generally about axis 120 (Figure 2) such that, as shown in Figure 5, the blade 26 moves in the direction of arrow 122 into engagement with the formation. As a result, force will be imparted against the blade 26 as shown by arrow 124, tending to cause the blade 26 to rotate (or load in the notch 70) as shown by arrow 126. The configuration of the blade 26 and notch 70 are specifically provided to prevent such motion. Thus, as this loading occurs, sidewall 84 is pushed against second face 86 of the groove, and first projecting face 96 bears against secondary abutment face 93 of groove, to provide lateral or direct support against the primary load of the formation, simultaneously, second projecting face 98 is coupled, by the moment caused by the loading of the blade 26 at the cutters 78, against anti-rotation flank 100, and each of the faces 91, 92 and 94 of the blade 26 are loaded by the moment against their respective compression faces 104, 106 and 108, thereby preventing significant movement of the blade 26 in the notch 70. Thus, as force is imparted against the blade 26 in the direction of the arrow 126, any tipping or rotation of the blade 26 will be absorbed by the notch 70. To secure the blade 26 on the sleeve 20, the blade 26 is welded thereto at one or more locations along its length.
 The blade geometry, in addition to the blade profile helps maintain the blade 26 on the sleeve 20. During drilling operations, it is unlikely that the entire length of a blade 26 will be simultaneously engaged against the formation. Furthermore, the presence of standoffs 132 on the sidewall of the sleeve 20 limits the penetration of the cutters 78 on the first linear section 72 of the blade 26. Thus, when the drill shoe 10 is pushing against the bottom of the borehole 14, the second linear section 74 of the blade 26 will be engaged with the formation, whereas the other portions may not.
Thus, force will be imparted against the second linear section 74 of the blade 26, tending to cause it to tip or rotate in the notch 70 in the direction of arrow 126 (Figure 5). However, it can be seen from Figure 4 that the geometry of the blade 26 results in the first linear section 72 and curved segment 76 being levers, with respect to the second linear section 74, and the placement of these portions of the blade 26 within the notch 70 will cause these portions of the blade 26, along with the structural rigidity of the blade 26, to help the blade 26 resist rotating out of the notch 70.
Additionally, the included angle 136 between the two linear sections 72, 74, is preferably maintained below 90 degrees, which further enhances the likelihood of maintaining the blade 26 in the notch 70. As the outer face 138 of the blade 26 is preferably parallel with the recessed face 91 and two extended faces 92, 94 of the blade 26 which rest at compression faces 104, 106 and 108 of the notch 70, the included angle 136 is repeated between these faces as well.
 Referring again to Figures 2 and 3, the operation of the drill shoe 10 for using the casing 12 as drill string is shown. Specifically, when the borehole 14 has reached total depth for the specific drill shoe 10 in use, which is a function of the wear of the drill shoe 10, the casing 12 is pulled upwardly in the borehole 14, to leave a space between the drill shoe 10 and the bottom of the hole 14 as shown in Figure 2. In this position, drilling mud continues to flow down the middle of the casing 12, and thence outwardly through the mud passages 50 in the drill shoe 10 and thence to the surface through the space between the drill shoe 10 and casing 12 and the borehole 14.
 To begin the operation ultimately leading to the elimination of the drill shoe 10 as an obstacle in the borehole 14, a ball 51 is dropped through the casing 12 into the mud bore 52 from a remote location, which can include the earth's surface.
When the ball 51 enters the mud bore 52, it seals the mud bore 52 causing the mud to press down upon the body portion 30, and causes the body portion 30 to slide within sleeve 20 from the position of Figure 2 and Figure 3. As the body portion 30 begins to slide, it deforms the base of sleeve 20 outwardly, and also deforms the second section about the angled portion 76 of the blade 26 such that the blades 26 are bent into a generally linear condition as shown in Figure 3. In one embodiment, the second section 74 may be embedded within the walls of the borehole along with the likewise deformed base of the sleeve 20. In another embodiment, it may that a clearance exists between the wall of the borehole and the second section 74. Movement of the body portion 30 within the sleeve 20 to the position shown in Figure 3 also exposes the mud vents 37 to the drilling mud, thereby providing a new path for mud flow to re-establish circulation. In this respect, the new path may be used to introduce cement into the borehole to cement the casing 10. In one embodiment, cement may be supplied through the mud vents 37 to cement at least a portion of the casing 10 into place.
Additionally, re-establishing the new path also causes a pressure drop in the mud column, which indicates to the operator that the body portion 30 successfully moved within the sleeve 20 to bend the blades 26 outwardly. Thereafter, a subsequent drill bit or drill shoe is passed down the casing 12, and is engaged into body portion 30 to drill through body portion and continue the drilling of the borehole 14 to further depth as shown in Figure 7.
 Figure 8 presents another embodiment of the drill shoe according to aspects of the present invention. The drill shoe 10 includes a sleeve 220 having a body portion 230 disposed therein. The body portion 230 comprises a support sleeve 235 and an inner portion 240. The inner portion 240 may include components such as the ball seat 252 and the inner core 245. In one embodiment, the ball seat 252 and the inner core 245 may be two separate components, as shown in the Figure. In another embodiment, the inner portion 240, e.g., the ball seat 252 and the inner core 245, may be manufactured in one piece, as shown in Figure 2. Preferably, the inner portion 240 comprises a drillable material such as aluminum, and the support sleeve 235 comprises steel or other composite material of sufficient strength to provide rigidity to the body portion 230.
 Figure 9 presents another embodiment of the drill shoe 10 according to aspects of the present invention. As shown, the drill shoe 10 provides an alternative method of re-establishing circulation. The drill shoe 10 includes a body portion 330 disposed in an outer sleeve 320. One or more blades are disposed on the outer surface of the outer sleeve 320 and the lower surface of the body portion 330.
The body portion 330 includes a bore 346 which splits into one or more passages for fluid communication with the borehole 14. The bore 346 may include an obstruction member retainer for retaining an obstruction member. For example, the bore 346 may include a ball seat 352 for receiving a ball 351. Preferably, the ball seat 352 comprises a flexible material such that the ball 351 may be pumped through the ball seat when a predetermined pressure is reached. The bore 346 also includes a biasing member 360 such as a spring 360 disposed below the ball seat 352. The spring may be used to bias the ball 351 against the ball seat 352 to act as a valve to regulate fluid flow in the bore 346. Although a ball seat is disclosed, other types of obstruction member retainer known to a person of ordinary skill in the art are contemplated, for example, an obstruction member retainer having a seating surface for receiving an obstruction member to regulate fluid flow.
 Figure 9 shows the drill shoe 10 after drilling has completed and the body portion 330 has deformed the base of the sleeve 320 outwardly. Particularly, a ball 351 landed in the ball seat 352 to allow pressure build up, thereby causing the body portion 330 to slide downward relative to the sleeve 320. As a result, the second section of the blades is bent into a generally linear condition.
 To re-establish circulation, pressure above the ball 351 is increased further to pump the ball 351 to through the flexible ball seat 352, as shown in Figure 10. The ball 351 lands on the spring 360, which biases the spring 360 against the lower portion of the ball seat 352, which acts as a second seating surface for the ball 351. In this respect, a seal is formed between the ball 351 and the ball seat 352, thereby closing off fluid communication.
 When the pressure of the cement or other fluid in the casing 12 is greater than the biasing force of the spring 360, the ball 351 may be caused to disengage the ball seat 352, thereby opening up the bore 346 for fluid communication with the borehole 14. In this manner, cement may be supplied to cement the casing 12 in the borehole 14. After the cementing operation is completed, pressure in the casing 12 is relieved. In turn, the spring 360 is again allowed to bias the ball 351 against the ball seat 352, thereby closing off the bore 346 for fluid communication. In this respect, the ball 351 and the ball seat 352 may act as a check valve to prevent cement or other fluid to re-enter the casing 12.
 Although the invention has been described herein with respect to a specific embodiment, these embodiments may be modified without affecting the scope of the claims herein. In particular, the groove and slot configuration may be modified. For example, the slot may be positioned in the groove and the blade may include the projection, or alternatively, several slots and mating projections may be provided.
a profile formed on an outer surface of the second body portion, wherein the profile comprises a notch and wherein the profile extends into an outer surface of the first body portion; and a cutting member releasably connectable with the profile, wherein the connection is releaseable along at least two axis and the profile is adapted to maintain the cutting member on the profile during operation.
2. The earth removal apparatus of claim 1, wherein the profile comprises at least two intersecting faces, wherein one of the faces provides a support against rotation of the cutting member.
3. The earth removal apparatus of claim 1, wherein the profile substantially prevents movement of the cutting member in the profile.
4. The earth removal apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cutting member comprises a first end and a second end, wherein the second end is selectively detachable from the profile.
5. The earth removal apparatus of claim 4, wherein the second end is attached to the second body portion.
at least one profile formed on an outer surface of the drillable body portion, the at least one profile including at least two intersecting faces, wherein one of the faces includes a projection thereon, wherein the profile comprises a notch, wherein the at least one profile extends into an outer surface of the sleeve; and a blade matingly engageable with the at least one profile.
7. The earth removal apparatus of claim 6, wherein the blade additionally received in the at least one profile in the sleeve.
8. The earth removal apparatus of claim 6, wherein the projection is rectangular in cross section, and the blade includes a slot therein for receiving the projection.
9. The earth removal apparatus of claim 6, wherein the at least one profile is machined into the drillable body portion.
10. The earth removal apparatus of claim 6, wherein the blade is bonded to the at least one profile.
11. The earth removal apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a filler disposed between the blade and the at least one profile.
12. The earth removal apparatus of claim 6, wherein the at least one profile includes opposed linear sections thereof, the linear sections offset from one another by an included angle of less than 90 degrees.
13. The earth removal apparatus of claim 6, further including a preform disposed in the drillable body portion, the preform having the at least one profile therein.
14. The earth removal apparatus of claim 6, further including a passage closure member for closing one or more passages in the drillable body portion.
15. The earth removal apparatus of claim 6, wherein the drillable body portion comprises aluminum.
a cutting member received in the at least one profile and having the discernable orientation; and the discernable orientation including an included angle between the opposed segments of less than ninety degrees.
the at least one profile having a projection engageable with the slot; and wherein the cutting member is positioned in the at least one profile such that the projection is received in the slot.
18. The drill bit of claim 16, wherein the at least one profile is machined into the drillable second body portion.
19. The drill bit of claim 16, wherein the first body portion comprises a sleeve.
positioning a blade having a mating profile on the receiving member; and using the drill bit to form a wellbore, wherein the profile is adapted to substantially maintain the blade on the blade receiving member during drilling.
21. The method of claim 20, further including configuring the blade with at least a first and a second opposed portion, the first and second portions being positioned, relative to one another, by an included angle of less than ninety degrees.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein providing the blade receiving member comprises machining a preform to provide the profile thereon.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein providing the blade receiving member comprises disposing a preform on at least one of the drill bit support and the body portion to provide the profile thereon.
24. The method of claim 21, further comprising moving at least a portion of the drillable body portion out of the drill bit support.
25. The method of claim 24, further comprising bending the first portion relative to the second to increase the included angle to greater than ninety degrees.
a blade matingly engageable with the at least one profile; and a sleeve disposed around a portion of the drillable body portion, wherein the at least one profile extends into an outer surface of the sleeve, the blade additionally received in the at least one profile in the sleeve.
at least one profile formed on an outer surface of the drillable body portion, the at least one profile includes a projection formed on a portion thereof, wherein the at least one profile extends into an outer surface of the sleeve; and a blade releasably connectable with the at least one profile, wherein the connection is releasable along at least two axis.


PDF2Office Professional v4.0 – Macworld Conference and Expo 2008 Preview.
Osaka, Japan; January 10, 2008 – Recosoft Corporation the developer of the PDF2Office® family of products, PDF2ID tool for Adobe® InDesign® cross platform file format conversion solutions and PDF converters will be previewing PDF2Office Professional v4.0 for Mac OS X at Macworld Conference & Expo San Francisco 2008.
Recosoft will be show casing the entire PDF2Office product family – the only cross platform PDF-to-Office file formats conversion solution and providing a detailed overview of the over 300+ new features and enhancements of PDF2Office Professional v4.0 for Mac OS X scheduled to ship in February 2008.
Additionally, enhancements introduced with PDF2ID v1.1 the de-facto PDF-to-InDesign conversion tool will be presented in depth. New product announcements will also be made during the show with specials being offered to those that stop by the booth.
Recosoft Corporation welcomes everyone attending Macworld 2008 to stop by its booth S201 located in the South Hall of the Moscone Center.
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Sin City – better known as the place that should be at the very top of every college student's bucket list. With over 42 million visitors per year, Vegas continues to be the world's most desirable destination for travel and business for many reasons, especially during Memorial Day. Whether or not you have aspirations of re-enacting the famous scenes of The Hangover, or wish to go sight-seeing through the extravagant city, Vegas has something for everyone. It truly is a playground for adults.


text:
Tag Archives: Swear
Articles, Philiosophy
Fu*k! C*nt! Twa*! Why are some words so offensive?
Words are essentially sounds on a frequency, only given meaning through the concept of language – So why do people get so offended by the use of some of them? Dom Kureen investigates.
*WARNING: THIS ARTICLE CONTAINS MANY WORDS THAT MAY BE DEEMED OFFENSIVE BY READERS.
CUNT.
It would be almost impossible to explain to a non-English speaker why the word carried such weight and offends so many.
Referring to either female genitalia or a derogatory term for a person, where the 'c' word differs from a myriad of others is in its general offensiveness regardless of context.
To use 'fuck' as an example: "Fuck yeah!" can carry positive connotations as an expression of unadulterated joy, whereas "fuck you!" is more likely fighting talk.
Take a trip to the other side of the globe and 'cunt' is generally deemed far less objectionable, in fact "throw us a beer ya cunt" can even be assumed Aussie endearment at a stretch.
How will language evolve further? Where 'shit' was once the height of rudeness, it now packs the punch of a moribund goldfish.
Still, some parents appear keen to protect their young'uns from verbal vulgarity, often whilst dressing them in attire that wouldn't look out of place in Amsterdam's Red Light District, or fuelling their bodies with junk food and toxic preservatives.
Words have a more immediate impact though, and once they've spilled from lips can't be undone.
Human beings have the power to create a proverbial hell on earth for other members of the species, sometimes with actions and often with vitriolic vernacular.
The reason 'cunt' and 'twat' offend so freely is for what they imply rather than their actual composition.
There are obviously words tainted with racial stigma that unsettle in a profound manner, yet even they appear to have a diminished status in modern times, with words such as 'nigger' or 'nigga' now commonplace in society.
That also raises the issue of different rules applying to different ethnicities; an African-American person referring to another as 'nigger' appears generally less offensive than a Caucasian using the term, probably due to the implications of slavery attached to the latter.
Other racially sensitive terms include 'Paki', 'Yid', 'Yerd' and 'Uncle Tom', all of which can periodically be identified as endearment when used in a non-defamatory context.
Most children are told not to use certain turns of phrase, inevitably curiosity leads to a liberal sprinkling of the perceived profanity further down the line, with adolescents rebelling against statutes that seemingly asphyxiate their youthful free will.
Political correctness is in vogue, people petrified to use the word 'black' or attempt to pronounce the nation of Niger in conversation, but will this fear of the abhorrent taint ever bare witness to a wiping clean of the slate?
Will 'cunt' become the new 'crud' and dwindle into the trifling bi-product of white noise that punctuates every day chit-chat?
It doesn't really matter that much, certain people will always be offended by particular sounds and will transmit their jitters to their children – and so an unceasing cycle promotes the fruits of its labours.
Likewise, newer jargon will continue to evolve apace, and although the undertones of racist diatribe may never become fully accepted (and rightly so), the poisonous identity of the past is likely to subside further over time.
If you read this article and are offended the liberal use of what are often unspeakably offensive words then that's understandable, but these are just words, taken out of malicious context they are effectively impotent.
Inevitably those final sentiments propose wishful thinking; so ingrained in our psyche are the values of specific units of speech that the mere notion of them is often enough to unnerve ladies and gentlemen of all races, ages, shapes and sizes – proof perhaps, if needed, that the English language retains potency…
But only if we allow it to.
FuckLanguageRudeShitSwearTwatVerbalVulgarityWords

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The aftermath of the recent Paris attacks: a fiery blitz on a hapless newspaper company, in Hamburgh, Germany. A company that had been foolish enough to reprint versions of the cartoon that sparked off the paris outrage in the first place.
They'd made an appearance in a magazine one week ago, in the hamburger morning post, with the label "this is what freedom looks like", caused six gunmen to rush into the office and attack. No one was injured in the attack.
This was followed by the attack in Paris, when Hooded gunmen carrying Kalashnikovs stormed the office of Charlie Hebdo, a satirical magazine. 12 people were killed and many wounded.
Charlie hebado delivered the coup de maitre again.


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Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a cleanliness drive aimed to cover all over India in order to clean the streets, roads and other infrastructure. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a cleanliness campaign run by the government of India and initiated by the Honourable Prime Minister.
It is a national level campaign run by the Indian Government to cover all the backward statutory towns to make them clean. This campaign involves the construction of latrines, promoting sanitation programmes in the rural areas, cleaning streets, roads and changing the infrastructure of the country to lead the country ahead.
It is a politics free campaign and inspired by the patriotism. It is launched as a responsibility of the each and every Indian citizen to make this country a Swachh country. This campaign has initiated people globally towards the cleanliness. Volunteers of Aim Foundation Association are joining this "Clean India Campaign" very actively with great fervour and joy.
What was the need of this campaign?
To make the country cleaner the campaign was launched by Government of India. The campaign must go in the country till it does not get its goal. It is very important to keep running this campaign until the whole India comes in real means which can be started by gathering all over the cleanliness.
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1. It was the dream of Mahatma Gandhi to make the country clean and we must fulfil it.
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A pollution free clean India would be the best tribute to the nation. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a cleanliness mass movement organized by the government of India and takes into action by the honourable Prime Minister Mr. Narender Modi. This is the most valuable expedition which everyone must be aware of for the bright future of India.
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Q: Wordpress sites in subfolders I have a slightly different question to the usual 'how to put WP into a subfolder'
I have two completely separate variants of the same WP site online - a live and a test one. The sites are in separate folders /livesite and /testsite on my hosted webserver.
If people browse the base domain.com I want them to access the live WP site in the /livesite folder but without the /livesite/ appearing in the browser URL.
If people browse the test domain (ie domain.com/testsite) then I want them to access the test site WP in the /testsite folder and I do want the /testsite/ to appear in the URLs (as confirmation that some nastly link hasn't accidentally redirected them from the test to the live site)
Is this possible? I have the live site set up with the (below) .htaccess but am unsure how to redirect /testsite requests appropriately - of even if I need to do this - will the current .htaccess ignore requests to professionalhypnotherapynetwork.org/testsite ?
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www.)?professionalhypnotherapynetwork.org$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/livesite/
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /livesite/$1
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www.)?professionalhypnotherapynetwork.org$
RewriteRule ^(/)?$ livesite/index.php [L]
</IfModule>

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One in Five Teen Girls Are Victims of Dating Violence
Jim Liebelt | Senior Writer, Editor and Researcher for the HomeWord Center for Youth and Family at Azusa Pacific University | Wednesday, March 4, 2015
*The following is excerpted from an online article from USA Today.
Twenty-one percent of high school girls have been physically or sexually assaulted by someone they dated -- a figure twice as high as previously estimated, a new study shows.
Ten percent of high school boys also report having been physically or sexually assaulted by a dating partner, about the same rate reported in earlier surveys, according to a study led by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published in JAMA Pediatrics.
Teens who have experienced dating violence are at much higher risk for a variety of serious problems. For example, they're more than twice as likely as others to consider suicide. Boys who have faced dating violence are nearly four times as likely to have been bullied online; girls are more than twice as likely.
Boys and girls who have been victims of dating violence are more likely to get into fights, carry a weapon, use alcohol, use marijuana or cocaine and have sex with multiple partners the study says.
Researchers don't know if any of these events causes the others, however. While it's possible that dating violence could cause thoughts of suicide, it's also possible that children who are depressed are more likely than others to fall into abusive relationships, says Adiaha Spinks-Franklin, a developmental and behavioral pediatrician at Texas Children's Hospital in Houston who was not involved in the new study.
Assaults by romantic partners often aren't isolated events. Many teens reported being assaulted multiple times, according to the study, based on the CDC's Youth Behavior Risk Surveillance System using questionnaires answered by more than 13,000 high school students.
"If a parent is concerned that a child is in an unhealthy relationship, they need to address it, but do it in a way that doesn't make the child shut down," said Spinks-Franklin. "They need to feel safe telling a parent."
"This study makes it even more important for parents to ask lots of questions and get to know their teen's friends and significant others, and not ignore anything that makes them uncomfortable," says Claire McCarthy, a pediatrician at Boston Children's Hospital. "They also shouldn't ignore any changes in their teen's behavior."
Source: USA Today
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/03/02/teen-dating-violence-study/24127121/


Hey I'm new to this site but fairly experienced reefer. I've had a tank set up for a few years now but have now been overrun with what I think is Dino's but I'm not sure can anyone help with ID.
Hey, ive been getting cyanobacteria (red slime algae) outbreaks mainly on the sandbed and a little on the rocks of my 13g. I cant really adjust the pumps because of how small the tank is, and the corals are doing well with the current flow. I just lowered the photo period from 12 to 10 hours on the LEDs the system came with (its a fluval evo 13.5). I make a point not to overfeed and I only feed corals once a week. I do a 5g water change every two weeks. Pictures are below. Any feedback would be greatly appreciated because im completely stymied at the moment.


Australia and New Zealand's biggest institutional investors have joined more than 225 global investors with over US$26 trillion in assets under management to engage the world's largest emitting companies to act on climate change.
Climate Action 100+ launched today by five investor organisations in Paris at the One Planet Summit hosted by President Macron, is a new five-year project harnessing the weight and influence of global investors to engage the worlds largest greenhouse gas emitting companies on climate action.
Investors who sign up to the Climate Action 100+ will engage the companies they invest in to ensure that they do more to reduce emissions, strengthen climate-related financial disclosures and improve their governance of climate change issues as they affect their business – transforming how these emitters address the climate challenge.


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Tamil Tv Show Koffee With Dd Season 2
Koffee with DD is a Tamil talk show. Star Vijay broadcasted it on every Sunday at 7:00 PM. It started in October 2014.The concept of the show was based on Koffee with Karan, a popular Hindi show. The show was previously named Koffee with Suchi and Koffee with Anu according to their previous hosts. Divyadarshini was the host who is a popular Indian TV celebrity. She started her television career at an age of 13. She did some Tamil films also. In the show, a wonderful chat was shown with the popular names of Tamil entertainment industry over a cup of hot coffee. On 9th November 2014, Siddharth and Vedhika came on the sets of Koffee with DD Season 2 to promote their film, Kaaviyathalaivan. Two yesteryear actresses, Nadhiya, and Amala graced the show on 7th December with their presence.
They shared their past experiences. K S Ravikumar, director of film Lingaa, was also seen as a special guest. He shared his experiences of life and also about Lingaa. The episode aired on 21st December 2014. On the special occasion of Tamil New Year, four special guests graced the set of the show, A.R Rahman, Mani Ratnam, Vairamuthu, and Dulquer Salmaan. They came for promoting Dulquer's movie OK Kanmani. Sivakarthikeyan shared his personal experiences with the host on 1st March when he came to promote his biggest release of the year, Kaakki Sattai. In the film, he was in a role of the cop. Sri Divya was the female lead. Actor Prashanth came on 22nd March 2015 who was the lead in the film, directed by none other than Divyadarshini's husband Srikanth.
The film's shooting was to start after the show. In the show, an entertaining point came when Divyadarshini became the victim. Normally, she used to give different tasks to the guest, if they failed to answer her rapid questions, as a penalty. Sibiraj and Prasanna were the guests in an episode. They convinced Divyadarshini to accept the Koffee Challenge, and she was made to spill the entire cup of coffee on her head. Prassana captures the moment. The show also had Goutham Karthik, Priya Anand, and Aishwarya R. Dhanush as special guests. They told about their childhood memories and also memories related to their successful careers.
The other guests in the show included Jiiva & Thulasi Nair, Karthik, AR Murugadoss, Shankar, Kamal Hassan, Jyothika, Meena & Kala Master, Lalla Mehdin, Dhanush & KV Anand, Sathyaraj & S.J. Surya, Arjun & Aishwarya Arjun, Vishnuvarshan & Kreshna, Prithviraj & Vasanthabalan, Saranya Ponvannan & Ponvannan, Gautham Menon & Arun Vijay, Lakshmi Menon, Mysskin & Pandiarajan, etc. The show had various entertaining segments. The humour quotient of Divyadarshini made the show more entertaining.
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Photographer Karthik Srinivasan's 'Once Upon A Time' Calendar 2018 Launch Pics
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Actress Vijayalakshmi weds Feroz Wedding and Reception Photos
Motta Siva Ketta Siva And Naaga Movie Launch Stills And Posters
Aadai Movie Review


Our normal turn around time for new designs is less than 24 hours. When an order is complete, we will send a confirmation email, that the files are available for download. You can login to your account, for the download.


Resume built for oil and gas job opportunities by a jobseeker with experience in Contract Risk Manager & Widely Experienced in Oil and Gas field - would you like to offer this candidate a job/contract employment?
Career orientated position in a challenging organization where I can utilize my knowledge, qualification, skills and experience in Quality Assurance and Control, Safety, Risk and Fleet Management and Mechanical Maintenance (Fitter) within the Petroleum, Oil and Gas - , Security - , Transport - and Logistics Industries to extend my full commitment to the organization.
•	Manage and coordinate the security function (EGP3 site) as per Contract.
•	Relations, interface and protocol with clients and employees from Hyundai (Korean/Phillipines/Indian) and Chevron (American/British/Argentinean/Malaysian, etc.) and Nigeria – they are multi-cultural, languages and ethnic.
•	Interface/integration with multiple disciplines: Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), Nigerian National Security Systems (Government Security Forces), other contracted security on site, Project Management, QA/QC, Safety and Security Control Rooms at project level, administration, construction, etc.
•	Quality Assurance and auditing of Safety & Security Systems according to ISO standards.
•	Strategic and operational security advisor and consultant.
•	Risk assessments, estimates, security planning, mitigating plans, tactical security planning, security processes/procedures, recording and reporting.
•	Project management of the integrated and joint security/safety systems.
•	EGP3 project control centres, recordkeeping and reporting procedures.
•	EGP3 site (construction and gas plant) security and protection systems.
•	Man guarding systems (contract security, police and military) and Admin.
•	Security operations and coordination (access control, CCTV, turnstiles, etc.).
•	EGP3 port facility security (according to International Ship & Ports Facility Security Code).
•	EGP3/HHI Company (shipping) security (according to ISPS Code).
•	Collection of information, its interpretation and dissemination services.
•	Management and information for review and planning purposes.
•	Security training programmes to all security resources and the client on site.
•	Person in Charge (PIC) of Incident Management on the EGP3 site.
•	Assisting the EGP3 Site Incident Management Team (IMT).
•	Emergency response planning in support of HSE and management.
•	Implementation of emergency response drills and actions.
•	Support HSE in safety management (mitigate risks/hazards).
•	Responsible for critical enabling systems like site communications, alarm/PA in the event of emergencies, company badge and convoy systems, etc.
•	Liaison between multinational contractors due to cultural and language differences.
•	Support to supply chain systems.
•	Support to construction systems.
•	Ensure that 350 contracted drivers, shift supervisors, recruitment personnel and warehousing staff are on site and fit for duty.
•	Coordinate staff to ensure the most efficient fleet and warehouse utilization for customers.
•	Monitor efficiency levels as well as exception reports to highlight existing or potential problems.
•	Loss Control, accident investigations, spot checks on delivery staff and identifying possible opportunities for expanding the range of services to customers.
•	Prepare and plan stock takes.
•	Manage HR and IR relations.
•	Prepare and compile Budget reports.
•	Tracking and Route planning of fleet.
•	Control and plan receiving of and warehousing and dispatching of stock.
•	Maintenance of Bottling Lines.
•	Assisting Instrumental and Electrical Technician.
•	Removing and assembling of valves.
•	Repairing of Boiler and rewiring of fire eyes.
•	Schedule Deliveries to customers.
•	Manage contracted drivers including Disciplinary action.
•	Ensure correct loading procedures are followed.
•	Satellite tracking of routes taken by vehicles.
•	Regular visits to sites and investigation of contaminations.
•	Weekly Reports on progress and incidents.
•	Plot routes, control and manage Fleet records with C-Track and Stowe Fuel Master Systems.
•	Check and control Fueling records.
•	Report Vehicle damages and accidents.
•	Reconcile check-out and records of Vehicle keys & Electrical Key Tags.
•	Data capturing on C-Track system and daily reporting procedures.
•	Manage HR relating to Admin of deliveries and time of arrival.
•	Collate monthly Vehicle costs.
•	Report deviation of admin on Transport Regulations and Procedures.
•	Capture Fuel usage data and coordinate order quantities.
•	Effective management of time and related staff.
•	Manage disciplinary action against staff.
•	Coordinate training for staff.
•	Ensure timeous delivery to customers.
•	Maintenance and overhaul of valves.
Good People person and can do anything I set my mind to.


text:
Policy Publications
MERI Staff & Scholars
Past & Upcoming
MERI Forum 2022
Economic Forum 2016
Iraq Open Data
Country to Watch in 2019: Iraq
December 30th, 2018 0
Dlawer Ala'Aldeen
President of MERI
Download PDF file here
After four years of political and security turbulence, Iraq has now turned a new page with plenty of optimism for 2019. Back in 2014, Iraq was at the brink of failure, with the Islamic State (IS) occupying almost a third for the country, the army melting away, over three million internally displaced people seeking refuge, oil prices plummeting, Baghdad-Erbil relations at rock bottom and most Iraqis losing confidence in their ruling elite.
By the end of 2017, ISIS was being militarily defeated by the Iraqi armed forces, including the Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF), the Kurdish Peshmarga and other security forces, with extensive support from an international coalition of over 70 countries. Meanwhile, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) went ahead with a referendum for independence in September, which was followed by an untimely round of violence and several months of stalemate between Baghdad and Erbil.
In 2018, Iraq not only stabilised and regained a degree of unity, but also witnessed a transformative general election on 12 May. This was enough to radically change the political dynamics in Iraq and focus minds on power sharing in Baghdad. No political party or alliance secured an outright majority to form a government, and the traditional political divide along the ethno-sectarian (Shia, Sunni and Kurdish) lines appeared to dismantle, due to internal fragmentations among all three blocs. This, in many ways, is seen as a positive development, or transition. It has, for the first time, paved the way for an "independent" compromise candidate, Adil Abdil Mahdi, to emerge among the Shias to form a government.
Meanwhile, the Sunni political parties regained their lost constituencies and began to rethink their provinces' future relations with the central government. Whereas people in the southern, Shia-dominated provinces (such as Basrah) started a series of protests against poor governance and lack of services, adding to healthy pressure on the government to focus their attention on people's priorities. The Kurdish political parties made serious efforts to return to Baghdad with genuine commitment to share power and make the political process work for everyone. The Kurds new enthusiasm for Baghdad will likely lead to great improvement in Baghdad-Erbil relations.
These were the positive signs that gave the local and international communities a strong sense of optimism about the future of Iraq, the roles it can play in the Middle East and the business opportunities it can provide. After all, Iraq is a middle income country with a vast wealth of natural and human resources.
Unfortunately, the process of forming a government in Baghdad has become extremely protracted and, to date, the new Cabinet remains incomplete with several important ministries vacant. The new Prime Minister (PM) has been unable to break through the ethno-sectarian barriers or win the confidence of a clear majority in the Parliament. He found himself between a rock and a hard place, unable to convince his earlier supporters, particularly the Sadrists (Sairoon bloc, followers of the cleric Muqtada Al-Sadir) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), to vote for his candidates whom he selected among the opposing blocs for the vacant ministries. In the process, the PM has not only begun to lose the confidence of his backers, but also of the general public who find him either too distracted or too indecisive to overcome major barriers.
Therefore, one can predict that these vicious political circles will continue well into 2019 with unpredictable consequences. At best, Mahdi's government, which does not have any parliamentary bloc of its own, will linger along and fight every step of the way. At worst, pressure may mount, leading to public protests, possibly fuelled by the Sadrists and triggered by the heat of summer, poor electricity and water shortage (especially after Turkey starts filling its Dams). These may ultimately lead to the downfall of the Mahdi Cabinet, throwing the political process in disarray once again, with calls for a new election or even eruption of violence. Clearly, such nightmare scenarios are in no one's interest, hence the general sense of optimism.
The Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) also witnessed an important election, in September, 2018, which is likely to change the composition of the next KRG Cabinet and the Region's political dynamics. The process for the formation of the KRG Cabinet also promises to be protracted and move well into early 2019, but its composition and future performance would be far more predictable than that of Baghdad's.
The Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) secured 45 of the 100 core seats, and the KDP's close allies among the Christian and Turkman minorities won all of the 11 allocated (quota) seats. The KDP also decided, without consulting with its potential coalition partners (including the traditional partner in power, the PUK), to reactivate the presidency of the KRG after it was frozen in November 2017. The party nominated incumbent KRG PM, Nechirvan Barzani, for President and the current head of intelligence services, Masrour Barzani, for PM. Moreover, and much against previous expectations, the KDP is now inviting the opposition party, Gorran (Change) movement, to join the government, in a clear effort to dilute the PUK's share of the government, a prospect that has not necessarily been contemplated by the PUK which controls the governance of half of the KRI. The KDP and PUK are still recovering after major recent setbacks following the 2017 referendum and the appointment of the PUK candidate as Iraq's new president. Relations are on course to improve steadily in 2019, particularly after the government formation in Erbil. Interestingly, these events are all seen as signs of evolution of the KRI's political landscape.
At the security level, having almost had a yearlong quiet period, there are signs of IS returning to the scene, due largely to the failure of the Iraqi leaders to address the fundamental factors that contributed to IS emergence in the first place. These include, among others: (a) lack of nation- and state-building, institutionalisation and rule of law; (b) failure to tackle the rampant corruption, provide services or to initiate credible reconciliation and reconstruction processes; and (c) the growing sub-nationalism and continued division and militarisation among Iraq's various communities. The growing political and security influence of the armed non-state actors, including the PMFs which are now stronger than the Iraqi army, is a barrier for progress and major cause for concern.
IS is now increasingly influential in relatively large swathes of the countryside in the northwest of Iraq, and likely to grow further into 2019. Although unlikely to re-occupy cities or towns in the near future, it is capable of undermining their stability and intimidating their populations. In numerous villages and small towns, IS is indeed in real control at night, while the Iraqi security forces are trivialising or underestimating their significance. Either way, IS will continue to constitute a real threat and a barrier for reconciliation in Iraq.
Finally, in 2019, Iraq will continue to be a centre stage for the global and regional power rivalries. The issue of the Iran nuclear deal is likely to put Iraq in an unenviable position in the near future. Iran considers its overwhelming influence over Iraq's decision-making process of even greater strategic importance than ever before. The US will also watch Iraq's behaviour carefully to prevent Iran from using Iraq to bypass the newly imposed US sanctions. At the regional level, Iraq has been expanding its good relations with most of its neighbours, including those with whom it has had a long history of poor relations. However, Turkey is likely to complicate its relations with Iraq over its "national security" concerns and may intervene militarily in Iraq in pursuit of the PKK, Kurdistan Worker's Party.
Evidently, when left alone, politics in Iraq will evolve naturally amidst complex dynamics and numerous contradicting drivers for change. There are no major 'pan-Iraqi' political parties or political father figures to drive a healthier evolution of the country's governing system. However, there are growing sentiments of Iraqism among certain quarters in Iraq, largely promoted by leaders like Al-Sadr, in reference to their rejection of both Iranian and US interferences in Iraqi affairs. Nevertheless, these sentiments are unlikely to grow beyond the threshold or be translated into a credible process for regaining total sovereignty for Iraq. That said, the European member states and other global partners which find Iraq too important to ignore could engage the Iraqis more constructively and help them focus on the country's priorities. The Europeans should help the governments of Baghdad and Erbil to become fully functional by focusing on nation- and state-building processes. Only then can Iraq become a credible, long-term business partner for everyone and full member of the international community.
Published in: In 'The World in 2019. P31-33. Italian Institute for International Political Studies.
About MERI: The Middle East Research Institute is Iraq's leading policy-research institute and think tank. It is an independent, entirely grant-funded not-for-profit organisation, based in Erbil, Kurdistan Region. Its mission is to contribute to the process of nation-building, state-building and democratisation via engagement, research, analysis and policy debates.
MERI's main objectives include promoting and developing human rights, good governance, the rule of law and social and economic prosperity. MERI conduct high impact, high quality research (including purpose-based field work) and has published extensively in areas of: human rights, government reform, international politics, national security, ISIS, refugees, IDPs, minority rights (Christians, Yezidis, Turkmen, Shabaks, Sabi mandeans), Baghdad-Erbil relations, Hashd Al-Shabi, Peshmarga, violence against women, civil society. MERI engages policy- and decision-makers, the civil society and general public via publication, focused group discussions and conferences (MERI Forum).
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text:
The Paper That's More Than Black and White
Life Lessons with Alex Gee
Middle Spread
Milwaukee DNC 2020 Host Committee Announced New Hire for Diversity Inclusion
By Nyesha Stone
Lafayette Crump from this week's B2B Construction Industry Forum which he
participated in. (Picture by Xavier Johnson – Johnson Media Consulting)
With the Democratic National Convention being less than a year away, a lot of local businesses are still wondering how they can get involved.
As the president of the local organizing committee for the 2020 DNC, Liz Gilbert has repeatedly stated that the host committee is committed to making sure the DNC shows the diversity that the city has. To further push those efforts, the host committee recently announced a new hire whose main focus is on diversity inclusion.
The host committee hired Chief Operating Officer of Prism Technical Management & Marketing in Milwaukee, Lafayette Crump as the vice president of diversity, vendor accountability and growth.
"We see achieving diversity as much more than waiting for it to happen," said Crump.
He stated that the committee is focused on making sure that the entire DNC process, from the planning table to the actual event is diversified.
Holding the vendors accountable is one of Crump's top priorities. He said if a vendor isn't local, then the committee wants that vendor to partner with local businesses and entrepreneurs. He said it's about making sure local businesses feel involved.
Crump said the committee wants to ensure that businesses who participate in the convention are better off than they were before the convention.
To be clear, the Milwaukee DNC 2020 host committee is separate from the Democratic National Convention Committee (DNCC). The host committee is in charge of putting on the convention. While the DNCC is in charge of organizing and planning the events that take place in the convention, and a few surrounding areas.
"We can't have this be a convention that solely affects downtown," he said. "[But,] we also need people to reach out to us."
Although the host committee is being intentional on hiring diverse businesses, he said it's also up to local businesses and entrepreneurs to come to them. If they have an idea or feel they can provide something to the convention, feel free to contact the host committee.
Crump is open to meeting with any local business to discuss potential involvement with the DNC.
"When we say, "where are you?' You say, 'we're right here,'" said Crump.
According to Crump, hundreds of businesses have already registered at the Milwaukee DNC portal. This portal will be the list the DNC goes to when looking for businesses to work with.
"The time is now, if not before. Get those businesses registered," he said.
To register your business, visit here https://www.milwaukee2020.com/.
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‹ Melted Toys – Come On • Half Japanese Live WFMU SXSW Showcase, 2008 ›
Zak Mering aka Raw Thrills
02/04/2011 in BROOKLYN, ERNIE KOVACS, GREATEST HITS, GUNK TV RECORDS, INSTED, NAIROBI TRIO, RAW THRILLS, SIXTEEN TAMBOURINES, ZAK MERING | No comments
My name is Zak Mering, I come from a family of musicians and entertainers. My father was Sumner Mering, and had a band titled Sumner in 1978-1980 and put out an album on Asylum/Elektra. My mother Pamela Mering releases albums, and my sister plays shows and releases music as Weyes Blood. I create music as a solo project under the name Raw Thrills, and used to go by Insted when I lived in Los Angeles which is where I was born and raised. Once I moved to New York I changed my alias to Raw Thrills.
(via COCO'S OCD)
Zak Mering aka Raw Thrills, is also known as Greatest Hits (current band with Tyler Thacker), The Sweethearts (with Sam Mehran of Outer Limits Recordings) and WARP with James Ferraro. "SHAKEDOWN" is the Raw Thrills' debut LP, available now on Japanese label Sixteen Tambourines and "So Post" is a 13 track unreleased bonus (cassette) album including covers of Harry Nilsson and Surf Punks, for the first 50 copies of "Shakedown" LP (or directly from Gunk TV for $10, limited to 15). Grab more from his new Gunk TV Records.
Raw Thrills – So Post by Raw Thrills
Both ways by Raw Thrills
なんだか ….
Robert Maxwell, His Harp And Orchestra – Song Of The Nairobi Trio (Solfeggio)
Originally released as Robert Maxwell's MGM 7″, 1957, vocals: The Ray Charles Singers
WATCH :: Ernie Kovacs' Nairobi Trio
Trackback link: http://ashbeesfragments.com/2011/02/zak-mering-aka-raw-thrills/trackback/


As a lifelong fan, I so wanted to love this latest Star Trek film. I've been hooked on the optimistic future, melodrama and visual effects of the show since William Shatner was helming the original Starship Enterprise. When J.J.Abrams brought his flair and action sensibilities to the reboot of the franchise after ten increasingly dull films, I loved it. The 2009 reinvention of the entire mythos was excellent, from its gripping opening scene to the last frame. Abrams didn't do as well with the second installment, 2013's Star Trek Into Darkness, even with the addition of Benedict Cumberbatch, but I forgave them because it was still a fun space adventure.
And so we get to Star Trek Beyond.
I really, really wanted to love it, but instead left the theater scratching my head over the glaring plot holes, daft story sidelines and special effects misfires. Yes, there's a very satisfying thread about main characters Kirk (Chris Pine) and Spock (Zachary Quinto) contemplating their lives and future goals, but it all ends up just window dressing for the action set pieces that propel the story forward. Mostly.
The film takes place "three years into their five year mission" which suggests that there are two more movies in the franchise story arc until the Enterprise is retired (though it's destroyed in every film, so maybe it'll end up like a famous athlete's jersey, a piece of scrap metal pinned to the wall at a Starfleet bar in some distant galaxy).
Star Trek Beyond opens with a silly scene where Kirk is presenting an alien artifact as a peace offering to broker the end of hostilities between two planets. He fails, is beamed back up to the USS Enterprise and the crew arriving at the magnificent Starbase Yorktown for shore leave and supplies. The space station is really cool, looking like something out of Larry Niven's terrific Ringworld books and well worth our exploration.
While on the Yorktown, Kirk helps interrogate the alien Kalara (Lydia Wilson) who shares a story of being attacked and having to abandon her crew deep in an unexplored nebula. She barely made it to the space station and is determined to go back and rescue the crew of her starship. As the captain with the most sophisticated ship in the near galaxy, Kirk volunteers and they fly through a meteor field even denser than that from the Star Wars galaxy, just to be attacked by swarms of space 'bots in one of the most exciting scenes in the film.
The 'bot swarm is under the control of the evil Krall (Idris Elba), who has his own quite nefarious plans for Kirk, the rest of the Enterprise crew, and the Federation. Kirk, Scotty, Spock and Bones all end up landing at different points on Krull's home planet and Scotty meets up with friendly local Jaylah (Sofia Boutella). Think Rey from the latest Star Wars movie but with different makeup and you've got the sense of the scrappy survivor woman archetype Jaylah portrays on screen.
She's one of the most interesting characters in the movie, even if her flirtatious romance with one of the Enterprise crew is a bit inexplicable. Still, you can easily overlook that as the other on-screen romances offer both drama and a little bit of comic relief. Spock and Uhura. Kirk and, um, no-one, oddly enough. There's actually not much character development at all in Star Trek Beyond, perhaps a sign of the maturity of the franchise?
There are lots of long, drawn out epic battles, however, both in space and on the planet, and action movie director Justin Lin delivers a bewildering blur of activity, a dark universe where things swirl and swoop and people are hit without us ever being able to really comprehend what's happening. Everyone in the film is also an awful shot, which is rather inexplicable given that they're hundreds of years in the future. Plenty of time for smart firearms to be invented!
Surprisingly, the visual effects are a mixed bag too. Usually these tentpole summer sci-fi actioners are gorgeous with their non-stop CGI scenes, but not Star Trek Beyond. Indeed, there's one scene where the rendering's so poor that afterwards my friend and I ended up discussing how it ever made it into the final print.
The lack of a new, fresh storyline really ends up the fundamental problem with Star Trek Beyond. It's a film that's resting on its mythical laurels, that offers up characters we know and love in yet another tense but inexplicable situation. Yes, Kirk is charming, Bones (Karl Urban) is ornery and Spock is trying to reconcile his human and Vulcan facets, but that's not enough when we've all seen these elements in film after film. The story itself makes very little sense, and the "revenge against the man" storyline is so exhausted in sci-fi that it's hard to believe the script was greenlit.
But another Star Trek movie we have, and if you're a fan of the franchise, you'll go see it. Who knows, you might really enjoy it. There is the pleasure of our favorite characters on screen, on seeing that great tracking shot of the Enterprise's hull, of Scotty and Bones offering up their trademark lines, of characters beaming up and using phasers and tricorders. There are also some great visuals and the film (mostly) zips along and has some fun scenes and a few chuckles.
I was just really hoping for more from Star Trek Beyond.


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Les élections régionales de 1992 en Schleswig-Holstein () se tiennent le , afin d'élire les  de la  du Landtag pour un mandat de quatre ans. Du fait de la loi électorale,  sont finalement élus.

Le scrutin est marqué par la victoire du , qui sauve de justesse sa majorité absolue acquise en  tout en perdant sa majorité absolue en voix. Björn Engholm reste donc ministre-président.

Contexte
Aux élections régionales anticipées du , le  de Björn Engholm remporte la plus large victoire pour un parti dans toute l'histoire du Land. Il rassemble en effet 54,8 % des suffrages exprimés, faisant élire  sur 74. Il l'emporte notamment dans toutes les circonscriptions, un fait inédit dans l'histoire politique à cette époque. Engholm est donc investi ministre-président de Schleswig-Holstein, mettant fin à  d'opposition.

La , désormais emmenée par le ministre de la Justice Heiko Hoffmann, subit de plein fouet les conséquences du scandale né de l'affaire Barschel. Avec à peine 33,3 % des voix, elle réalise son plus mauvais résultat depuis celui enregistré en . Elle se contente donc de . Le  de Wolf-Dieter Zumpfort réunit seulement 4,4 %, ce qui l'exclut de nouveau du Landtag.

Mode de scrutin
Le Landtag est constitué de  (, MdL), élus pour une législature de quatre ans au suffrage universel direct et suivant le scrutin proportionnel d'Hondt.

Chaque électeur dispose d'une voix, qui compte double : elle lui permet de voter pour un candidat de sa circonscription, selon les modalités du scrutin uninominal majoritaire à un tour, le Land comptant un total de  ; elle est alors automatiquement attribuée au parti politique dont ce candidat est le représentant.

Lors du dépouillement, l'intégralité des  est répartie en fonction des voix attribuées aux partis, à condition qu'un parti ait remporté 5 % des voix au niveau du Land. Cette limite ne s'applique pas à la Fédération des électeurs du Schleswig du Sud, qui représente les Danois d'Allemagne. Si un parti a remporté des mandats au scrutin uninominal, ses sièges sont d'abord pourvus par ceux-ci.

Dans le cas où un parti obtient plus de mandats au scrutin uninominal que la proportionnelle ne lui en attribue, la taille du Landtag est augmentée jusqu'à rétablir la proportionnalité.

Campagne

Principales forces

Résultats

Voix et sièges

Analyse

Conséquences

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Landtag de Schleswig-Holstein

1992
Schleswig Holstein
Avril 1992

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Qld premier open to CMC changes
3:00pm May 1, 2014
Queensland Premier Campbell Newman doesn't want crime fighting to take precedence over corruption busting when the Crime and Misconduct Commission is overhauled.
The new corruption fighting body would be given less scope to investigate anonymous tip-offs and the government would be able to pick its chair, removing bipartisan support.
Mr Newman, however, concedes there has been concern that the commission's primary focus would be fighting organised crime.
That would mean Queensland is the only state that doesn't have a primary function to deal with serious corruption.
"We should perhaps tweak that, so that the emphasis is that they do both, rather than putting one against the other," Mr Newman told Fairfax Radio.
"Though the current legislation, where we're saying the primacy is crime fighting, that's something we should have another look at."
A Liberal National Party-dominated legal affairs committee on Wednesday recommended that a parliamentary committee be given the power to veto appointments to the new body, which Mr Newman said he would consider.
Virgin Australia flight diverts after part of wing comes loose mid-air
Queensland government savaged for offshore deal on milk
Truck crash site cleared after father, daughter injured
That committee, which oversees the existing CMC, is also government-dominated.
Opposition Leader Annastacia Palaszczuk says public confidence will be undermined if the new commissioners are not appointed with bipartisan support.
"Why would we change it now when it's working well," she said.
"This government will take us back to the dark days of the pre-Fitzgerald inquiry."


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Santander mortgage lending up 43pc
Ryan Fowler
Santander lent a total of £150.1bn during the course 2014 as it helped some 40,300 first-time buyers (£5.6bn) and 8,100 Help to Buy customers (£1.2bn).
The lender also saw a 26% year-on-year profit boost in 2014 to £1.4bn.
Nathan Bostock, chief executive officer at Santander, said: "I am pleased to report a strong set of results for 2014, with continued improvement in profitability and strong commercial momentum.
"The UK economy improved during 2014 and will, we believe, continue to be supportive of our business in 2015.
"Our purpose is to help people and businesses prosper as we become the best bank in the UK, for our people, customers, shareholders and communities – and a bank that is Simple, Personal and Fair."
The results also reveal a number of the lenders insights about the year ahead including that it expects the Bank of England base rate will hit 0.75% in 2015.
Additionally it anticipates a further decline in the number of borrowers on standard variable rates, which fell by £8.4bn in 2014, albeit at a slower pace than previously encountered.


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Q: Textbox value updated from javascript isn't present when code executes from behind I have a case where the value of textbox is fetched from database on page load. On button clicks, I update the textbox using javascript. But when I try to save the value to database, the new value updated doesn't exist. How do I save the information updated through javascript. Please help me out.
Below javascript function  adds information to textbox ApproverListObj. On page load, I populate all requirement from database using select query.
    function AddButtonApproverList() {
        var ApproverListObj = document.getElementById("<%=ApproverList.ClientID%>");
        var ApproverListDDObj = document.getElementById("<%=ApproverListDD.ClientID%>");
        var output;

        if (ApproverListObj.value.includes(ApproverListDDObj.options[ApproverListDDObj.selectedIndex].text) == false) {
            document.getElementById("<%=ChangesMade.ClientID%>").value = "1";
            output = ApproverListObj.value.concat(ApproverListDDObj.options[ApproverListDDObj.selectedIndex].text, "; \n");
            ApproverListObj.value = output;
        }
        return false;
    }

Once I update the code using javascript, on submit button, I update the database as below.
    protected void SubmitClaim_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        string cmdString = null, approverList = null;
        DisposeConnIfRequired();
        Conn = new SqlConnection(LoginDbCS);

        approverList = "[" + ClaimTypeDD.SelectedItem.Text + "ApproverList]";
        cmdString = ("UPDATE dbo.AdminDetails SET " + approverList + "=@ApproverList");

        SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(cmdString, Conn);
        try
        {
            cmd.Parameters.Add("ApproverList", SqlDbType.NVarChar).Value = ApproverList.Text;
            if (Conn.State.Equals(ConnectionState.Closed))
            {
                Conn.Open();
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                Conn.Close();
            }
        }
        catch (Exception Ex)
        {
            if (Conn != null)
                Conn.Dispose();

            Application["TheException"] = Ex;
            Response.Redirect("ErrPage.aspx", false);
            return;
        }
    }

But when I inspect ApproverList, the changes made using javascript isn't there. I am not sure what's happening here.

A: To achieve this, I had to remove disable or readonly property of the textbox. Instead wrote javascript to return false on the following events onkeypress, onkeydown and onkeyup. This will block user from editing the textbox using keyboard. Since I had already disabled right right click functionality, I didn't have to bother about that.


Mohandas Gandhi was the leader of the campaign for Indian independence from Britain. A Hindu and a religious man, he didn't believe in violence. He just told people not to obey certain laws. Many times he stopped eating ('fasted') as a protest and twice he went to prison. His supporters called him Mahatma, which means 'great love'. Gandhi's beliefs have influenced many political movements throughout the world, including the civil rights movement in the United States. Through ahimsa (nonviolence) and satyagraha (true force, nonviolent protest), he led one of the largest mass movements in world history. Gandhi dedicated his life to the quest for truth and justice.
During the Second World War (1939-1945) he told Indians not to fight for Britain. In 1947, the British government finally gave India independence but the country was divided into India and Pakistan.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, India. His wealthy family was of a Modh Bania subcaste. He was the fourth child. Mohandas was a small, quiet boy who disliked sports and was only an average student. At the age of 13 he was married to a girl of his own age, Kasturbai.
Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, is also known as Saint Mary, the Virgin Mary, Our Lady, and the Madonna. She is one of the most revered personalities and the greatest of the Christian saints.
According to the Gospel she was the girl from Nazareth.
Maryam is the only woman mentioned by name in the Qur'an (Koran). She miraculously gave birth to God's messenger and prophet Isa. In Islam, she is known as Ms Mariam and is revered as one of the most righteous women.
The feast of the birth or nativity of Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, is observed on September 8 by the Roman Catholic church. It is also marked on this date by Eastern Orthodox churches, except those that still adhere to the Old Style, or Julian calendar and observe the feast on September 21. Among the Eastern Orthodox, the feast is known as the Nativity of Our Most Holy Lady, the Theotokas, or simply as the Nativity of the Theotokas.
Muhammad was an Arabic preacher of monotheism and the prophet of Islam, the central figure of the religion. He was also a politician, founder and head of the Muslim community (ummah), which during his reign was a strong and enough big state on the Arabian Peninsula.
Muhammad was born on April 22, 571 in Mecca. His father died before Muhammad was born, and his mother died when he was 6. So, Muhammad was raised by his grandfather.
When Muhammad was about 25 years old, he married Khadija, a wealthy widow and a successful businesswoman. Working with his wife, Muhammad earned a reputation for honesty. They had six children. After Khadija's death, Muhammad married a number of times.


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Q: Memory in autorelease pool not deallocated until memory warning or app enters background I have a question regarding autorelease pool and memory deallocation in an app I'm working on. If anyone needs to see the code I can post it.
First and foremost I'm using ARC in this app, now basically I'm allocating a good bit of memory on start up (images for an intro animation), and the memory they take up doesn't seem to properly deallocate until I receive a memory warning for one reason or another, or if I enter the background and re-enter the foreground of the app.
I've been monitoring the amount of memory being allocated in code as well as in instruments so it seems that this issue isn't some false positive. I know for a fact I'm properly disposing of the image memory as I clearly set the UIImageView.animationImages property to nil as well as set the UIImageView to nil and release it's parent view controller from memory once the animation is done. Basically, everything it has to do with is set to nil or removedFromSuperview to be sure that ARC knows it should be released.
Is there any way I can purge this autoreleased memory pool similar to the result of entering the background of the app or receiving a memory warning?

A: Figured it out, the UIImages I was allocating for my intro animation were being cached via imageNamed: method, therefore were retained even after they were autoreleased for some time.
To fix this I'm using imageWithContentsOfFile: method which does not cache the images.


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Georgia removes references to Confederate Memorial Day, Robert E. Lee's birthday
The state of Georgia has removed Confederate Memorial Day and Robert E. Lee's birthday from the official state calendar for 2016.
State agencies will still be closed on April 27th and November 27th, but they're now listed as simply "state holidays" on the calendar.
A spokesperson for Gov. Nathan Deal said the state will observe the holidays and those who wish to can honor the subjects of the holidays.
Teen girl injured in Atlanta shootout after she was caught breaking into car, police say
Georgia patrol officer dies while on-duty, GBI investigating
Couple with massive water issues fear their home was built on a ditch or stream