Interview | Martha Mackintosh and Sharan Phull, The Importance of Being Earnest.
Interviewing cast from shows is going to be something of a new feature on Carpe Diem Emmie, something I welcome with open arms. What is better than enjoying a conversation about everything theatre with those who share the same passion as you.I was invited over to the Curve Theatre to have a chat with two of the characters from their recent Autumn production of Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest.
Q. So can you explain in one sentence what The Importance of Being Earnest is about?
S: What draws me is this fascination of these young women falling in love with an ideal man named Earnest who find out in fact isn't Earnest at all.
M: A play that is based on a ridiculous idea and laughs at some ideas in society.
Q. A lot of the audience that I saw when seeing the performance were older, do you think younger audiences don't feel like they can relate to this?
S: My boyfriend's grandma watched it recently and she said how it held great memories for her. The piece is accessible and all ages can relate, it's an easy performance to be invited into once you give it the chance.
M: It's the pre-conception that this play won't be something that they can relate to or understand but actually there is so much within this play that they can..
Q. Can you tell me about your individual characters?
S: My character is Cecily Cardew. She lives out in the country, with her guardian Ernest or is it Jack? She's trying to stay away from her teacher. She's very much a 18 year old girl figuring out who is she and where she is in the world. My character doesn't wear shoes for the entirety of the performance.
M: Yeah she tried on so many shoes for her character!
S: Yeah and she wears leaves, twigs and flowers in her hair. She's somebody who is very grounded. She is definitely a feisty and strong young women to play.
M: My character is Gwendolen Fairfax. She is a snobby socialite, who must be seen with the right people and is convinced she must marry a man named Earnest. She's really quite false, she tries to be like her mother who has a heavy influence on her behaviour in the right places. However, once her mum is out of sight she becomes completely out of her shell.
Q. You've both got pretty exciting and different backgrounds which lead to this, what makes this different to the other things you have done?
S: I love this theatre. I was involved in Curve through their community productions as well as working here so it's somewhere I always loved coming to. I knew that when I graduated from university that this was where I needed to be. There are some people here I worked with as ushers who now work in the offices and there is a real sense of community here. All of the actors here have their careers really supported by the Curve and it's why I love it here so much.
M: This is the first play I've ever done. Most of my work has been done in the TV but I have always been interested in the opportunities to perform in a play. When I met Nikolai about this performance I came away instantly knowing that I wanted to work with him. I really enjoyed his ideas for the scenery and use of the costumes.
Q. What's been the biggest challenge with this show? Maybe the mirrored scenery?
M: The challenge with the mirrors was to look at the audience and not the reflection of the audience. My biggest challenge was probably when we performed at the Birmingham Rep Theatre, which has 900 seats. I struggled with projecting my voice in such a big space, coming from a TV background everything is intimate and you have microphones on so you don't need to project your voice.
S: I agree Birmingham came with it's challenges.
Q. What was the creative process like for this show?
M: 1 Week in London, 2 weeks here in Leicester whilst Nikolai was working on another show and when we arrived in Birmingham to do the show there we had a few rehearsals before opening night.
S: I enjoyed the creative process with Nikolai, he wanted everyone to feel comfortable in their characters. He wanted to create each one individually with us. We worked on our tea scene with the idea that we did it away from the audience so we could work on making it more intimate.
M: He really wanted the cast to take themselves out of the bigger picture and really understand their characters.
S: Nikolai very much eats out your own ideas, he wanted it to be a collaborative creative process and I really enjoyed this about the creative process.
Q. Lastly, can you tell me what's next for the both of you? Is there anything you'd like to primarily do?
M: I don't have any plans at the moment, I will be re auditioning for things when I am back in London and seeing what happens. However Sharan is already sorted.
S: Yes I will be doing Shakespeare in Schools with the National Theatre. We're going to be doing Romeo and Juliet and I am playing the part of Juliet. I am really excited about it and making this work accessible for young people in schools.
You can catch The Importance of Being Earnest at Curve Theatre in Leicester until Sat 29 Oct and is definitely not a performance to miss.
Disclaimer: I was invited to interview Sharan Phull and Martha Mackintosh from the caste The Importance of Being Earnest at The Curve Theatre in Leicester in return for this post to be published. The photos are sourced from The Curve Theatre website.


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text:
Q: Local triviality of non-smooth finite-dimensional compact principal bundles Let $G$ be a topological group acting continuously on a topological space $X$. When this action is free and proper, then $\pi:X\rightarrow X/G$ might still not be a principal fiber bundle (there might be a problem with local triviality). However, when $G$ is a Lie group, we have the following theorem (proved by Gleason for compact Lie groups and by Serre for general Lie groups):
${\bf Theorem}$: Let $G$ be a Lie group acting freely and properly on a completely regular space $X$. Then $\pi:X\rightarrow X/G$ is a principal fiber bundle.
There are some examples of Antonian and Kolmogoroff using non Lie groups visualizing this theorem. However, examples of Antonian use spaces that are not locally compact and that of Kolmogoroff uses the fact the for a space $X$ of covering dimension $n$ one might have an action of $p$-adic integers such that ${\rm dim}(X/G)>n$. See for example:
Orbit space of a free, proper G-action principal bundle
I was wondering if the following is true:
${\bf Question}$: Let $X$ be a compact Hausdorff space such that ${\rm dim}(X)=n$ and let $G$ be a compact Hausdorff group acting freely on $X$ such that ${\rm dim}(X/G)\leq n$. Then $\pi:X\rightarrow X/G$ is a principal fibre bundle.
I would be grateful for any hints, counterexamples or references.

A: Take Kolmogorov's example $G\times X\to X$ and the group $O(n)$ acting on itself via left multiplication. Now consider the product action of $G\times O(n)$ on $X\times O(n)$, $n\ge 100$.
Here is what I do not know: Suppose $X$ and $G$ are compact metrizable finite-dimensional, $G\times X\to X$ is a free action such that $dim(X/G)= dim(X) - dim(G)$. Is it true that $X\to X/G$ is a principal $G$-bundle?

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text:
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 2, February-2014 161
Study of Clearness and Cloudiness Index at
Tropical Locations
R. K. Aruna, B. Janarthanan
Abstract – An attempt has been made to evaluate the daily average clearness index (H g /H 0 ) and cloudiness index (H d /H g ) and to find the relation between them for three tropical locations in South India (Chennai, Trivandrum and Visakapatnam). Long range 15 years (1993 – 2007) measured data of daily average global and diffuse solar radiation have been utilized for this study. Two simple mathematical models have been proposed for each location for estimating H d /H g in terms of H g /H 0 and found its validity for the prediction of diffuse radiation.
Keywords: clearness index, cloudiness index, global solar radiation, diffuse solar radiation
The availability of solar radiation is indispensable to harness solar energy for different applications. Design of any solar energy system is influenced by the daily average global and diffuse solar radiation on a horizontal surface. Extensive solar radiation measuring devices are installed only in selected locations due to cost, maintenance and calibration requirements of the devices. Researchers have made sincere efforts to develop empirical models by using measured radiation to calculate global and diffuse solar radiation by incorporating various climatic parameters where measured data are not available. Angstrom [1] and Prescott [2] have proposed a correlation to estimate the monthly average daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface using sunshine duration as
𝐻 𝑆
= 𝑎 + 𝑏
Babatunde and Aro [3] have studied the characteristics of clearness and cloudiness index by expressing the cloudiness index in terms of clearness index. It has been found that they are opposite in characteristics and higher the clearness index more the transparency of the atmosphere and higher the cloudiness index more the turbidity or cloudiness of the atmosphere. Correlations have been developed for the estimation of monthly average daily diffuse solar radiation as a function of sunshine hours and clearness index at Karachi, Pakistan by Firoz Ahmad et al., [4]. It has been found that the established relations, Iqbal and Stanhill overestimate and Liu and Jordan underestimate the radiation value. Empirical correlations for beam and diffuse fraction of the global radiation to clearness index have been developed by Lanetz and Kudish [5] for semi-arid southern region of Israel. It has been concluded that the approach is
intended to correct the multiplicity of possible cloud conditions
𝐻0
𝑆0
Followed by them, empirical correlations have been developed by the researchers by incorporating different meteorological parameters viz., latitude, ambient temperature, humidity, the elevation, water vapor pressure etc.
R. K. Aruna is currently pursuing Ph.D in Physics in Department of
Physics, Karpagam University, Coimbatore – 641021, India, PH- +91-422-
2611146. E-mail: rkaruna691@yahoo.com
B. Janarthanan is currently working as an Assistant Professor in Department of Physics, Karpagam University, Coimbatore – 641021, India, PH-+91-422-2611146. E-mail: bjanarthanan2002@yahoo.co.in
that can give the same value for the cloudiness index. Coppolino
[6] has developed a new correlation between clearness index and relative sunshine for computing the monthly mean daily global radiation at Italian locations and found that it is suitable to predict monthly mean global solar radiation with a high degree of accuracy.
Elagib et al., [7] have expressed the clearness index of
16 meteorological stations in Sudan in terms of the fraction of bright sunshine duration. The established relationships are statistically significant at 99.9% accuracy level. Udo [8] has
characterized the sky conditions at Illorin, Nigeria by
IJSER © 2014 http://www.ijser.org
incorporating clearness index and relative sunshine duration and revealed that results were comparable with frequency distribution of global solar radiation at Ibdan and Kumasi. Paliatsos et al., [9] have correlated experimental values with modeled values of global and diffuse clearness index in Athens, Greece. The modeled linear regression has shown better fit with
the experimental data. Further an attempt has been made by
Trivandrum and Visakapatnam for the period of 15 years are collected from Indian meteorological Department, Pune. These data are used to find daily average clearness and cloudiness index for the corresponding location. The daily amount of extra- terrestrial radiation for the locations have been found by using the expression
𝐻0 =
Saima Munawwar and Tariq Muneer [10] to explore the
24×3600 𝐼
�1 + 0.033 𝐶𝑜𝑠 �360 𝑛�� × �𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛿 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜔 +
prospects of using sunshine duration and cloud cover in the
𝜋
2𝜋𝜔𝑠
𝑠𝑐
365 𝑠
estimation of daily diffuse irradiation besides the conventional
use of global irradiation. It has been shown that estimation of daily diffuse irradiation by incorporating effective variables along with global radiation for local and independent sites. Koray Ulgan and Arif Hepbasli [11] have developed empirical correlation to establish relationship between cloudiness index, clearness index and sunshine fraction for three big cities in Turkey. The new model for cloudiness index and diffuse coefficient as a function of clearness index and sunshine fraction has shown better result than other available models.
Moreover Marco Bortolini et al., [12] have proposed a multi-locations model to estimate the horizontal diffuse component of solar radiation by using European geographical area comprising of 44 weather stations in all countries. It has proved the effectiveness of multi-location approach to estimate solar radiation components instead of several single location models.
In the present study, long range 15 years measured data of dail y average global and diffuse solar radiation of three tropical l ocati ons in South India (Chennai, Tri vandrum and Visakapatnam) have been used to find the relationship between clearness and cloudiness index. Moreover two sets of equation for each l ocation i.e., cloudiness index in terms of cl earness index (linear and pol ynomial) have been devel oped. The equations have been validated with measured data of global and diffuse solar radiation to predict the best fit with least error (linear or pol ynomial).
Measured data of daily average global and diffuse solar radiation of three South Indian locations viz., Chennai,
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜙 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛿� (1)
Where, Isc - solar constant
n - day of the year
φ - latitude of the location
δ - solar declination
ωs - hour angle
The latitude and longitude of the locations have been presented in Table . 1.
8°28'N
76°57'E
Visakapatnam
For the three locations, 15 year data of daily average global and diffuse radiation has been averaged to find the daily average global and diffuse radiation for all the days in the year. Daily extra-terrestrial radiation for the three locations (Chennai, Visakapatnam and Trivandrum) has been evaluated by using the Eq. (1) and it has been used to find the daily average clearness index for all the days in the year. The daily average cloudiness index is evaluated by utilizing the average global and diffuse radiation.
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Comparison of Clearness and Cloudiness index
The daily average clearness and cloudiness index for the three locations have been plotted with respect to the day of
the year and depicted in Figs. 1-12.
Hg/H0
Hd/Hg
Day of the year
Fig. 1 Variation of Clearness and Cloudiness index with respect to day of the year
0.69 Hg/H0
1 11 21 31 D 41 f t 51 61 71 81 91
ay o
he year
July - September Hd/Hg
October - December
Time of the day
Fig. 10 Variation of Clearness and Cloudiness index
Fig. 7 Variation of Clearness and Cloudiness index
with respect to day of the year
0.3 Hd/Hg
Fig. 11 Variation of Clearness and Cloudiness index with respect to day of the year
Figs. 1-3 represent the variation of clearness and cloudiness
index during the month from January to March for Chennai, Trivandrum and Visakapatnam. From the figures it is understood that the clearness index for the locations is higher than the cloudiness index due to the absence of cloud or little and the atmosphere is almost clean. Figs. 4-6 represents the clearness and cloudiness index of the locations during the month from April to June. For Chennai (Fig. 4), it is seen that in April and May the clearness index exceeds the cloudiness index due to the clear sky. From Fig. 5 for Trivandrum, the clearness and cloudiness index in the month of April and May have comparable values due to the turbidity in the atmosphere. In Visakapatnam, the clearness index is higher than the cloudiness index in the month of April and May due to clear sunny days. Figs. 7-12 represents the variation of both the index during the month from July to December. It is clear that for all the three locations, the cloudiness index is almost higher than the clearness index. This is due to the fact that the atmosphere is occupied by the sufficient amount of clouds and dust. Hence the variations are due to the atmospheric conditions as mentioned by Babutunde and Aro [3].
With these comparisons, it is concluded that the two ratios are
antiphase with each other throughout the year for the considered
Though the ratios are not linearly related, it has shown a
significant agreement of the relations given by Eq. 2. It has been found that the sum of Hd /Hg and Hg /H0 for the three locations is equal or approximately equal to unity during most of the days in the year. The validation of the Eq. 2 can be established inspite of slight differences in few days of the year. Hence it can be found that, the diffuse radiation ratio can be derived in terms of clearness index for all the three locations as
Hd /Hg = 1 - Hg /H0
From Eq.3, it is clear that the maximum value of cloudiness index is 1 if the clearness index Hg /H0 is 0. This means that the atmosphere is not clear and solar radiation entering the atmosphere gets scattered due to dust particles, clouds and turbidity of the atmosphere before reaching the ground surface of the earth. In the other way, it is also seen that the maximum value of clearness index is 1 leading to the absence of diffuse radiation. The atmosphere is clear and clean without dust particles and clouds providing the clear path way for solar radiation to reach the surface of the earth. Thus the ratio Hd /Hg can be expressed in terms of Hg/H0.
locations. It is also confirmed that the clearness index is higher in clear sunny days as the cloudiness index has low value and vice- versa in cloudy days.
Relation between Hd /Hg and Hg /H0
The graph of daily average Hd /Hg against the corresponding values of Hg /H0 for the three locations has been plotted and shown in the Figs. 13-15 by using the data from 1993-2007. Linear and polynomial regressions of Hd /Hg on Hg/H0 have been found and presented. The linear and polynomial equations for Hd /Hg for the
three locations have been used to find the values of cloudiness
y = -0.481x2 + 0.2234x + 0.3141
R² = 0.034
y = -0.2024x + 0.4054
R² = 0.0322
index for all the days in the year. Graphs have been drawn for measured and calculated cloudiness index by using the linear and polynomial equations for all the days in a year and depicted in Figs.
Results have shown that, both the ratios lead to a simple mathematical relation
Hd /Hg + Hg /H0 = 1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Fig. 13 Variation of Hd /Hg with respect to Hg/H0 for Chennai
y = -2.8016x2 + 1.9206x + 0.1966
Hd/Hg (Measured) Hd/Hg (Linear) Hd/Hg (Polynomial)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Fig. 14 Variation of Hd /Hg with respect to Hg/H0 for
Fig. 17 Variation of cloudiness index in Trivandrum
Visakapatnamy = 2.0978x2 - 2.5825x + 1.0618
Hd/Hg (Measured) Hd/Hg (Linear)
0.7 Hd/Hg (Polynomial)
Fig. 18 Variation of cloudiness index in Visakapatnam
The linear and polynomial equations derived for the cloudiness index in terms of clearness index for the three locations and are For Chennai
Hd/Hg (Measured)
Hd/Hg (Linear) Hd/Hg (Polynomial)
Hd /Hg = -0.202 Hg/H0 + 0.405
Hd /Hg = -0.481 (Hg/H0 )2 + 0.223 (Hg/H0 ) + 0.314
For Trivandrum
Fig. 16 Variation of cloudiness index in Chennai
For Visakapatnam
Hd /Hg = -0.826 Hg /H0 + 0.710
Hd /Hg = 2.097 (Hg/H0 )2 – 2.582 (Hg /H0 ) + 1.061
Comparisons between measured and calculated values of cloudiness index in terms of clearness index have been made for the three locations viz., Chennai, Trivandrum and Visakapatnam by finding the percentage average standard deviation between them for both linear and polynomial equations. From the results it has been found that the percentage average standard deviation for both the linear and polynomial equations between the measure and calculated values for the three locations is less than 10% on average. Results have been presented in Table. 2
Table. 2
Average Standard
Deviation (%)
Average Standard deviation (%)
Thus the percentage deviation of the calculated values from the measured ones made an optimistic hope to use the equations when measured radiation are not available in that locations and in other places having similar climatic conditions.
The linear and polynomial equations for cloudiness index in terms of clearness index for the three locations viz., Chennai, Trivandrum and Visakapatnam are found to be easy and reliable to predict when diffuse radiations are not available in the locations. Moreover the equations can also be used for the locations having similar climatic conditions with least error. The two ratios clearness and cloudiness index can be used to identify the different atmospheric conditions i.e., the cleanliness of the atmosphere in summer gives higher value of clearness index than the cloudiness index and in winter due to clouds and dust particles, the cloudiness index has higher value when compared to the clearness index. The two parameters are inversely proportional in all the locations and thus diffuse radiation can be estimated when measured global radiation alone is available.
[1] A. Angstrom, "Solar and Terrestrial Radiation," Quar-terly
Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 50, no. 210, pp.
121-125, 1924.
[2] J. A. Prescott, "Evaporation from a water surface in relation to solar radiation", Trans Roy Soc Aust, Vol. 64, pp. 114-48, 1940. [3] E.B. Babatunde and T.O. Aro, "Relationship between clearness index and cloudiness index at a tropical station (Ilorin, Nigeria)", Renewable Energy, Vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 801-805, October
[4] Firoz Ahmad, S.M. Aqil Burney and S.A. Husain, "Diffuse solar radiation estimates from sunshine hours and clearness index for Karachi, Pakistan", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol.
30, no. 4, pp. 439–447, 1990.
[5] A. Ianetz and A.I. Kudish, "Correlations between values of daily beam, diffuse and global radiation for Beer Sheva, Israel", Energy, Vol. 17, no. 6, pp.523–533, June 1992.
[6] S. Coppolino, "A new correlation between clearness index and relative sunshine", Renewable Energy, Vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 417–
423, June 1994.
[7] N.a. Elagib, S.H. Alvi and M.G. Mansell, "Correlationships between clearness index and relative sunshine duration for Sudan", Renewable Energy, Vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 473–498, August 1999.
[8] S.O. Udo, "Sky conditions at Ilorin as characterized by clearness index and relative sunshine", Solar Energy, Vol. 69, no.
1, pp. 45–53, 2000.
[9] A.G. Paliatsos, H.D. Kambezidis and A. Antoniou, "Diffuse solar irradiation at a location in the Balkan Peninsula", Renewable Energy, Vol. 28, no. 13, pp. 2147–2156, October 2003.
[10] Saima Munawwar and Tariq Muneer, "Statistical approach to the proposition and validation of daily diffuse irradiation models", Applied Energy, Vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 455–475, April 2007. [11] Koray Ulgen and Arif Hepbasli, "Diffuse solar radiation estimation models for Turkey's big cities", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 149–156, January 2009.
[12] Marco Bortolini, Mauro Gamberi, Alessandro Graziani, Riccardo Manzini and Cristina Mora, "Multi-location model for the estimation of the horizontal daily diffuse fraction of solar radiation in Europe", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 67, pp.
208–216, March 2013.

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Dubai will play host to 2016 Idea International District Cooling Conference for the second time in two years.
Ahmad bin Shafar, CEO of Emirates Central Cooling Systems Corporation (Empower), the world's largest district cooling services provider, made the announcement at the conclusion of the 107th International District Energy Association (Idea) Annual Conference and Trade Show, which concluded recently in Saint Paul, Minnesota, US.
The fact that Dubai and the UAE are playing host to this international conference reflects the global standing of the Emirate in the district cooling industry and its leading role in disseminating this technology among other developing countries in the world not to mention its contribution in strengthening sustainability and conserving energy consumption for better natural resources for generations to come.
The Idea conference will attract participations of world-class experts and professionals in the district cooling industry. It will also serve as a platform to exchange expertise and experiences. The sessions of the three-day event will focus on developing best ways of district cooling technologies and solutions in Mena and other developing countries via the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) where Empower is playing an instrumental role in its implementation of District Energy in Cities initiative.
Bin Shafar said: "Our achievements are clearly recognised by hosting this global conference in Dubai as choosing the Emirate as a venue for holding a specialised conference of this scale is a clear evidence of the international vote of confidence on the advancement of the district cooling industry in the emirate. Empower is proud to enjoy the status of the largest district cooling provider in the world. Dubai is building a sustainable future for its nationals and expatriates and it is developing a fertile environment for conducting businesses that depend on energy efficiency practices. The conference will pay off in the long run where international delegations from different sectors will take part in it."
"Hosting this conference in the UAE reflects the confidence in Dubai's role and resources and its global competiveness. It also demonstrates the advancement of the local energy sector that always strives to adopt latest practices as far as creativity, innovation and organisational frameworks are concerned. Selecting Dubai to host the conference also shows the achievements made by the Emirate on the environment and energy efficiency fronts few years back," he concluded.
Empower currently operates more than 1.1 Million RT, providing environmentally responsible district cooling services to large-scale real estate developments, such as Jumeirah Group, Business Bay, Jumeirah Beach Residence, Dubai International Financial Centre, Palm Jumeirah, Jumeirah Lake Towers, Ibn Battuta Mall, Discovery Gardens, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai World Trade Centre Residences and Dubai Design District, among others.


text:
Archduke Eugen Ferdinand Pius Bernhard Felix Maria of Austria-Teschen (21 May 1863 – 30 December 1954) was an Archduke of Austria and a Prince of Hungary and Bohemia. He was the last Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights from the Habsburg dynasty.

Early life
Eugen was the son of Karl Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (son of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen) and of his wife Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria. He was born at the castle of Gross Seelowitz in Moravia (today Židlochovice near Brno in the Czech Republic). At his baptism he was given the names Eugen Ferdinand Pius Bernhard Felix Maria. His education was Spartan in character. His country living at Gross Seelowitz and holidays at Gmund alternated with a sound education and strict instruction.

At the Palais Erzherzog Albrecht (Archduke Albrecht's Palace, also known as the Albrechtspalais) in Vienna, Eugen received instruction in all the military subjects in addition to languages, music and the history of art. At the age of 14 in keeping with the family tradition and like his elder brother Friedrich, he also began his military career with the Tyrolean Kaiserjäger Regiment and was commissioned as a Leutnant on 27 October 1877. Shortly thereafter he was transferred as an Oberleutnant to a hussar regiment and in the following years participated in many lengthy manoeuvres.

In 1882, Eugen took an examination before a commission assembled by Archduke Albrecht that verified his suitability to attend the military academy at Wiener Neustadt. Eugen became then the sole archduke to attend the several year long course at the academy (1883–1885) and subsequently successfully graduated as a fully trained general staff officer.

Military career
In 1885, Eugen was assigned to the General Staff and rapidly rose through the ranks. He commanded a battalion of Infantry Regiment 13 as a lieutenant colonel before assuming command of the entire regiment as a colonel. Following a further regimental assignment as commanding officer of Hussar regiment 13, he assumed command of an infantry brigade in Olmütz and then a division in Vienna. In 1900 he was appointed to the command of XIV Army Corps in Innsbruck and promoted to General der Kavallerie on 27 April 1901. This command simultaneously also made him the commanding general in Innsbruck and the defence commander for the Tyrol. He was appointed eight years later as an army inspector and senior defence commander for the Tyrol. When in 1909 the possibility of a war against Serbia was in the air he alongside Archduke Franz Ferdinand and General Albori was named as a presumptive army commander.

Eugen also had exercised his influence in the field of personnel. He had urgently recommended Feldmarschallleutnant Conrad von Hötzendorf, his divisional commander at Innsbruck as the successor to the retiring chief of the general staff — General Beck-Rzikowsky. In 1911, the Archduke retired from active military service ostensibly for health reasons. Conrad von Hötzendorf however suggested in his memoirs that Archduke Franz Ferdinand had become increasingly jealous of the importance of Eugen.

In addition to his military career above all else, Eugen was called upon to perform his duty as the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. On 11 January 1887, Eugen entered the Teutonic Knights as a professed knight. At the same time he was chosen to be the coadjutor of his uncle, Archduke Wilhelm, then Hoch- und Deutschmeister.

When Archduke Wilhelm suddenly died, Eugen was enthroned as the new Hoch- und Deutschmeister on 19 November 1894 and in this office he also proved himself very effective. He further developed the institution of the volunteer nursing care (Marianer), founded new hospitals and improved the training of the sisters. Finally he had the central archives of the order in Vienna sorted out and extended.

World War I
At the outbreak of the First World War he immediately reported for active duty. He was however at first palmed off with a relatively unimportant post as the patron of the voluntary war welfare organization. Finally he was transferred in December 1914 to replace Oskar Potiorek and assume the post of commander of the forces in the Balkans with his headquarters at Peterwardein. Together with his chief of Staff, Feldmarschall-Leutnant Alfred Krauss, a very talented military theoretician with a decisive and vigorous character, he reorganized the hard hit 5th Army.

On 22 May 1915, Eugen was promoted to Generaloberst. Two days later on 24 May he was entrusted with the command of the southwestern front against Italy. He moved his headquarters to Marburg (Maribor) and now commanded a theatre stretching from the Swiss border to the Adriatic. His main objective here was a pure and simple defence against the many times numerically superior Italian forces. Only at the beginning was the designation "Southwest Front Command" clear. From March 1916, it functioned as Heeresgruppen-Kommando Erzherzog Eugen in Tyrol to the exclusion of the remaining parts of the front and at the beginning of the execution of the 12th battle of the Isonzo as Heeresfront Erzherzog Eugen with the allied German 14th Army and Heeresgruppe von Boroević under command but Heeresgruppe von Conrad was not immediately subordinate.

During the First Battle of the Isonzo Eugen traveled back and forth behind the front. He attended many conferences, appeared on the front lines and encouraged the troops and in this way achieved great popularity. At the same time he managed the rear areas in order to guarantee the best possible supply to the forward troops.

Before the great attack from the South Tyrol which took take place in the Spring of 1916 Eugen assumed command as army group commander of the 11th and 3rd armies and took up headquarters at his cousin's, the Graf von Bozen und Maurer, estate just outside Bozen (Bolzano). After initial success, the attack had to be broken off in consequence of the danger posed to the Russian front following the Brusilov Offensive of June 1916 and the subsequent transfer of formations to that threatened front. However, after breaking off the offensive, Archduke Eugen successfully withdrew his troops in the second half of June 1916 into secure positions.

In the further course of the war Eugen had to transfer more and more of his troops to the hard fighting Isonzo Army so that he soon had to manage without reserves in his own theatre of operations. Although he had only a very limited forces holding the Tyrolean front, he never considered withdrawing further and shortening his line. He was too personally attached to the land to do that.

Eugen was promoted to Field Marshal on 23 November 1916 and in the middle of March 1917 again took up his work as the commander of the southwest front. During the Caporetto offensive, Eugen was the actual commander employing his complete energy in the process. He recognized that this was the last favorable opportunity for the Central Powers. The Archduke, who normally was no great flayer of the soldiers could on this occasion not push hard enough. There appeared temporarily to be great confusion in the issuing of orders. It is possible that many blamed Eugen and his staff for this.

Against the will of the chief of the general staff, Generaloberst Baron Arz von Straußenburg, the Emperor Karl released Eugen from active service on 18 December 1917. The southwestern front command was terminated. The relief of Eugen does not appear to have been made for personal but on objective reasons. After Russia's withdrawal from the war and the shortening of various other fronts (Isonzo, Carinthia, Dolomites), the senior generals pushed at the Piave. With his very senior rank, Eugen could only be a commander in chief. Eugen was forced to go as the Emperor Karl himself took up the supreme command.

Eugen still enjoyed high renown and at the end of the war at the beginning of November 1918, the idea of Eugen becoming a regent was introduced. The last foreign minister Graf Andrassy and the member of parliament Dr. Franz Dinghofer of the German nationalist party had discussed this. However, Eugen would never have accepted such an offer without the consent of the emperor.

Military awards
Amongst the Archduke's considerable number of Austro-Hungarian awards here are the most important:
Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (13 April 1878)
Throat and Breast Cross of a Professed Knight of the Teutonic Order (11 January 1886)
Grand Master of the Teutonic Order (30 July 1894)
Military Merit Cross (30 November 1898)
Jubilee Commemoration Medal (2 December 1898)
Military Service Award III Class (24 October 1902)
Bronze Military Merit Medal (26 September 1905)
Brilliants to the Military Merit Cross (12 August 1908)
Second Expression of Appreciation (Silver Military Merit Medal 1911) (11 October 1908)
Military Jubilee Cross (2 December 1908)
Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen (30 March 1911)
Red Cross Merit Star with War Decoration (8 March 1915)
Bronze Military Merit Medal (War ribbon) (9 May 1915)
Military Merit Cross 1st Class with War Decoration (29 July 1915)
Large Military Merit Medal (24 May 1916)
Grand Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa (15 January 1917)
Silver Military Merit Medal with Swords (26 June 1917)
Brilliants to the Military Merit Cross 1st Class with War Decoration and Swords (5 November 1917)
He also received the Swords to both his Large Military Merit Medal and Bronze Military Merit Medal at a later date to the original awards.

Additionally he was the possessor of a host of foreign awards and decorations:
Grand Cross of the Romanian Order of the Star (3 October 1881)
Grand Cross of the Royal Spanish Order of Charles III (25 June 1883)
Grand Cross of the Royal Portuguese Order of the Tower and Sword (7 March 1890)
Knight of the Royal Prussian Order of the Black Eagle (30 January 1891)
Grand Cross of the Grand Ducal Hessian Order of Ludwig (5 May 1892)
Grand Cross of the Grand Ducal Tuscan Order of St. Joseph (7 April 1896)
Knight of the Imperial Russian Order of St. Andrew with Chain (26 June 1896)
Knight of the Imperial Russian Order of St. Alexander Nevsky
Knight of the Imperial Russian Order of the White Eagle
Knight 1st Class of the Imperial Russian Order of St. Anna
Knight of the Siamese Order of the Royal House of Chakri (23 June 1897)
Knight of the Royal Swedish Order of the Seraphim (18 September 1897)
Royal Swedish Jubilee Commemorative Medal
Knight of the Papal Supreme Order of Christ (17 February 1904)
Grand Cross of the Ducal Saxe-Ernestine House Order (5 June 1904)
Collar of the Royal Spanish Order of Charles III (18 May 1907)
Grand Cross of the Papal Order of the Holy Sepulchre (24 September 1907)
Honorary Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (21 August 1908)
Commemoration Medal to the Regency of Queen Maria Christina of Spain (1909)
Grand Cordon of the Royal Belgian Order of Leopold (6 October 1910)
Royal Prussian Iron Cross 1st and 2nd Classes (30 March 1915)
Grand Commander of the Royal Prussian House Order of Hohenzollern with Swords (4 August 1915)
Grand Cross of the Royal Bavarian Military Order of Max Joseph (16 November 1915)
Imperial Ottoman Gold and Silver Imtiyaz Medals (15 January 1916)
Friedrich-August Cross, 1st and 2nd Classes of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg (15 March 1916)
Royal Prussian Order Pour le Mérite (23 May 1916)
Grand Cross of the House Order of Vigilance or of the White Falcon with Swords of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimer (2 December 1916)
Honour Award of the Royal Bulgarian Red Cross (1916/1917)
Oak leaves to the Royal Prussian Order Pour le Mérite (3 November 1917)
Royal Bulgarian Order of Bravery 1st Class (20 November 1917)
Grand Cross of the Royal Württemberg Military Merit Order (2 January 1918)
Royal Bavarian Honour Award to commemorate the Golden Anniversary of King Ludwig III (20 January 1918)

Later life

Following the collapse of the monarchy Eugen first settled in Lucerne and then at Basel where he lived modestly in a hotel from 1918 to 1934. In order to safeguard the existence of the Teutonic Order, Eugen voluntarily resigned his position as the Hoch- und Deutschmeister in 1923. He had been the last hereditary grand master of the order. In this way the possessions of the order were saved.

In 1934, Eugen settled at the order's convent at Gumpoldskirchen near Vienna. He participated at monarchical rallies, attended veterans' meetings and placed himself again at the service of the dynasty even though he himself no longer believed in the restoration. Following the Anschluß of Austria to Germany in 1938 the Teutonic Order was dissolved and its possessions confiscated.

Eugen received, probably with the intervention of Hermann Göring and other senior military figures, a rented house at Hietzing where he survived the Second World War. In 1945, he fled to the Tyrol where he received through the French occupying power a small rented villa at Igls. On 21 May 1953, the whole of Innsbruck celebrated the field marshal's 90th birthday.

Eugen died on 30 December 1954 at Meran, at the time part of Italy, the oldest living member of the dynasty at the and later the 2nd oldest ever Archduke of Austria, surrounded by the brothers of his order from Lana. On 6 January 1955, he was buried in the St. Jakobskirche at Innsbruck next to Archduke Maximilian III (1558–1618).

Ancestry

Bibliography

 Rác, Robert. Arcivévoda Evzen Habsbursko-lotrinský 1863-1954: velmistr Rádu nemeckých rytíru. Sovinec/Eulenburg: Esmedia, 2005.
 Schildenfeld, Zoë von. Erzherzog Eugen, 1863-1963: ein Gedenkbuch. Innsbruck: F. Rauch, 1963.

References

1863 births
1954 deaths
People from Židlochovice
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Austrian princes
Austrian Roman Catholics
Field marshals of Austria
Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
Moravian-German people
Austro-Hungarian Army officers
Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Maria Theresa
Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Max Joseph
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
Grand Masters of the Teutonic Order
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class
Annulled Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
Recipients of the Gold Imtiyaz Medal
Recipients of the Order of Bravery, 1st class
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre
Theresian Military Academy alumni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Марат Сабитович Муллагалямов — советский хозяйственный, государственный и политический деятель.

Биография
Родился в 1930 году в селе Серменево. Член КПСС.

С 1953 года — на хозяйственной, общественной и политической работе. В 1953—2006 гг. — механик, старший механик, инженер-исследователь Уфимской организации п/я 20, на партийной работе в Башкирском обкоме КПСС и Стерлитамакском горкоме КПСС, председатель исполкома Стерлитамакского городского Совета народных депутатов, заместитель председателя Совета Министров Башкирской АССР, заместитель генерального директора ПО «Башнефть», старший инженер в Йемене, председатель Республиканского совета ветеранов войны, труда, Вооруженных Сил и правоохранительных органов в Башкирии.

Живёт в Башкортостане.

Ссылки
 Муллагалямов

Главы Стерлитамака


Restaurant & Dancing since 1933 is versatile and able to host large events of work or entertainment.It is located in Palazzo dell'Arte of Milano, in the heart of the historic Sempione Park, just a few minutes walk from downtown.
In 2006 it was recognized by the Municipality of Milano and the Lombardy Region as Shop of historical importance.
Alessio Cozzolino deals mainly with the Bar services of Old Fashion Milano. His curriculum boasts the hotel school and numerous experiences in Italy and abroad. The organization of the aperitif service, cocktails and everything related to the bars is in its own right.


Youth Exchange is a study-abroad opportunity for young people who spend anywhere from a few weeks to a full year as an international student hosted by local Rotary clubs. Are you interested in learning a new language or meeting new people? Rotary Youth Exchange is the opportunity of a lifetime for the more than 8,000 students who participate each year. By sharing your own culture and embracing a new one, you help foster global understanding—and learn a great deal about yourself and your home country in the process.
Is Youth Exchange right for me?
Contact your local Rotary club to learn more about the Long Term Scholarship Program and the Short Term Scholarship Program. The application deadline for both programs is November 1st. Applications must be submitted to your Sponsor Rotary Club.
Hosting an exchange student can be an incredibly rewarding experience for your family, providing an international experience without leaving home. Host families provide room and board and share their lives with exchange students, involving them in family, community, and cultural activities. Interested in learning more about being a host family? Contact a Rotary club near you.


The Internet is a great way to research products before you head out to buy. The World Wide Web gives you access to products and services you might not be able to find in your small town or surrounding community and allows you to read user reviews as well as compare pricing.
In the used car industry, browsing online is a convenient way to pinpoint what type of car you're looking for and also gives you insight into the prices you'll typically encounter. Here are a few places you should search to help you find the perfect car for you.
Most dealers have a website where they list their available inventory. You can sort through these offerings to see if there's anything that catches your eye. Doing a bit of research beforehand will help you focus on which cars you're really interested in once you make the trip to the dealership. The website is also a good place to browse if you're car searching during the hours when the dealer is typically closed.
There are plenty of online vehicle listing sites where you can browse both dealer and private listings to see what cars are available in your area. Sites like autoTRADER.ca, Kijiji Autos and Auto123.com all offer the option to view an available CARFAX Canada report for the listing or request one from the seller. You can also check out sites like MonsterAuto.ca, AutoCatch.com, Ebay Motors, Wheels.ca, AutoNet.ca and Craigslist to find vehicles for sale.
The community or city newspaper may post their classified listings online, providing you with a simple way to browse through what's available.
The local used car buying print publication could also have an online element where you can view the listings on the publication's website. Check out the guide to see if this is an option.


text:
Cardi B Defends Offset Over Homophobic Lyric
Cardi B defends Offset.
In the wake controversy over the Migos rapper's use a gay slur, Bardi took to Periscope to support her fiancé.
"I'm not gonna let somebody call him homophobic when I know that he's not," she said. "I'm saying this because I seen him around gays and he treats them with the same respect he treats everybody. He never acts uncomfortable and he just don't care."
Offset denied homophobia in his own response to the allegations, saying that he was referring to the dictionary definition "queer," which he believed to mean "odd." Cardi supported that reasoning in her video, saying that she's never heard the word before.
"It has a different vocabulary on the dictionary," she explained. "Now, if that's a word that you guys said that it's a bad word for gays, I never even heard that word in the first place. Why don't y'all educate people about it? A lot people are not aware about what's wrong or right in the LGBT community. Why don't we do things to educate instead bashing and trying to label somebody that they not?"
Bardi, who said she is opposed to homophobia, went on to say that she also received criticism for using the word "tranny." "Nobody taught us that in our school," she said. "They never taught me that. How am I supposed to know?"
Bacardi is now prepping to perform "Finesse" with Bruno Mars at the Grammys. Soon, she will also appear on Jennifer Lopez's forthcoming "Quiero Dinero," which she recently previewed at Calibash. "This is a Bronx girl dream," Cardi said the collaboration. "I just can't believe I.T."
HIPHOP LEGENDS
Bruno Mars, Eve, hea, Migos, News, No, Offset, rap, video
Hall & Oates Announce 2018 Summer Tour
Zach Zoya – Superficial (Official Music Video)


1, anti-static bags have lost smell when leaving the factory, should try to avoid using anti-static bags.
2, pay attention to appearance. Anti-static bags will have the corresponding character mark, indicating the obvious parts of the factory appear "food use" words, including the factory name, site name and product name. It is understood that the general product after the factory inspection certificate of goods mark.
3, to buy anti-static bags, try to spend a few bucks to large businesses, not to spend small stalls.
4, due to anti-static bags is not easy to degrade, will cause environmental pollution, so choose the green food packaging materials.
5, the purchase is not painted or painted as many products. Since coated and coated products not only cause material recovery difficulties, but most of the paint is toxic. If you eat these packaged foods, they can do more or less harm to your body and mind.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
First United Bank announces Chief Compliance Officer Kevin Georgetti
First United
DURANT – First United Bank has announced Kevin Georgetti as its Chief Compliance Officer. In this role, he will oversee the BSA/AML department, Compliance department, and the development and implementation of the regulatory compliance risk management framework as First United continues to grow.
Business presented by KTC.
Georgetti joins First United with 10 years of experience as an attorney in New Jersey, 14 years of experience as General Counsel for a $400 million Korean American community bank, and 6 years leading the Compliance function at a $26 billion bank in New Jersey. He graduated from Alvernia University in 1985 and New York Law School in 1988.
Georgetti says that his favorite part about his job is "collaborating with others to resolve issues and develop products."
Outside of work, he enjoys walking and reading and is a member of the Knights of Columbus. He and his wife, Rita, have been married for almost 29 years and they have one son, Tim.
First United's CEO Greg Massey said, "I believe Kevin is an excellent choice to lead our bank Compliance area. He brings valuable experience and knowledge, as well as a passion for his work that will help us continue to inspire and empower others to Spend Life Wisely."
First United's purpose is to "inspire and empower others to spend life wisely" through a holistic approach to life that encompasses Faith, Financial Well-Being, Health and Wellness, and Personal Growth. Learn more at spendlifewisely.com.


text:
"We used to put out a hurricane section..."
Scott Cole, Rebecca Cole and Ed Pierce
Ed Pierce, former managing editor of the Sarasota Herald-Tribune, talks with his daughter Rebecca Cole and his grandson Scott about his love of putting out a daily newspaper, and shares a fun story about what he describes as his "greatest achievement as a managing editor."
Originally aired March 20, 2009, on NPR's Morning Edition.
Katie Simon
Jeremy Helton
Scott Cole (SC), Rebecca Cole (RC) and Ed Pierce (EP)
EP: We used to put out a hurricane section and this was very important in Miami. And it was a double truck, which was two pages in the newspaper, we had a big map of Florida and then all of the islands in Cuba. So that hurricane section was printed and some of the guys were looking through it and then they called me over, Hey, we got a problem. There's about eight spots on this map that's got the wrong names on the island and coast and there's already printed, 500,000 papers, you can't do anything…
And so they all were throwing up their hands and then I came up with a–probably my greatest achievement as a managing editor–I sat down and wrote a story, and I said, we here today have a hurricane section, and we're going to give a prize of $100 who can find the most mistakes. And the son of a bitch found six more mistakes than we thought we had.
SC: So, was there a certain aspect of newspapers that you liked more than the other?
EP: I loved the idea of getting out a paper every day. It was a challenge every day. One fella asked me, Did you ever put out a perfect newspaper? And I said, No, I've never put out a newspaper that I couldn't have done a better job if we'd had another two hours. So no I don't think it was ever, a newspaper was never complete because news is never complete.
SC: What do you think is the best advice that you can impart and what you've learned in your 88 years?
EP: In 88 years, I've learned it's best not to give advice. I think each person has to live their own life, have to make their own decisions. But I would say, if I were going to give it, is to work hard and work for a purpose, and not necessarily for money but for the pleasure of the job you do. And try to enjoy it after you have done it. So I, I, I never went to work that to me it wasn't a lot of fun. Had a hella of a lot of opportunities to do good and to try to print the news and do it accurately and do it honestly.


Belief plays an important part in hypnosis, and in the field of medicine as well. Subconscious belief is the most powerful factor in successful living: it determines all behaviour patterns. However, our belief systems are imposed upon our unwary minds during childhood, way before our critical factors are developed enough to reject harmful ideas that we would reject at a later period in our lives.
Our subconscious beliefs determine whether we will succeed or fail, be happy or unhappy, sick or healthy, and even the length of our lives.
When the subconscious mind is convinced, it starts to act. As a hypnotherapist, my function is to convince the subconscious mind of the benefits of change. While my client is under hypnosis, the more the conscious mind recedes, the more accessible the subconscious mind becomes – but consciousness does not disappear at any level.
Hypnosis is a concentration of the mind upon a single idea, and the exclusion of all other thoughts in which the consciousness agreeably slows down to a single focus.


The perfect combination of Glutathione and Vitamin C has made Gluta C Skin Whitening Body Lotion an all-in-one skin care solution for its millions of users all over the world. No matter what's the extent of damage, once this Gluta C Skin Whitening Body Lotion is in action, every single skin related problem vanishes one by one.
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The lotion with its SPF25 protects the skin from all pernicious effects of UBA and UVB rays.
Skin looks fairer and brighter than before. On regular use skin complexion gets more and more fair.
All types of black spots and blemishes reduce drastically.
All types of aging signs including wrinkles and fine lines disappears.
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For the best effect, the lotion should be used at least twice daily.
While going outside, Gluta C Skin Whitening Body Lotion should be applied specially on the opening parts of the body.


That other plug looks to be either a floppy connector or something motherboard-specific. Already have an account?
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Some users have had success with taking this board over FSB with infinity 975x g 4: While the LanParty has infinitt all of the accolades and attention, the Infinity series of motherboards has been around for those of us with somewhat restricting budgets.
This may be a stupid question but im wondering, does this mobo only have 1 IDE port?
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Infintiy, 9 Options NB Voltage: In fact, with some additional BIOS tuning we are certain this board has the ability to hold a performance lead in most of the stock setting infinity 975x g.
Really waiting for the nforce 5 series to infinity 975x g mature too. Posted January 18, To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: Sign In Sign Up. By continuing to use infonity website, you agree to their use.
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Intel has retaken the performance crown from AMD, dual core CPUs are a common place and more importantly, affordable and the emergence of quad core CPUs is happening as well. With most of the attention going to the LanParty series, the Infinity can sometimes be looked over. While these numbers are very good, it is still disappointing as we know this board still has a lot of potential left in it.
Log in Don't have an account? Posted January 17, Check the specs and reviews before buying it.
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The Assembly action comes as the Senate looks at a state-run plan to replace private coverage.
Legislation to require every Californian to have basic health insurance was killed Tuesday by the Assembly Health Committee.
The measure, AB 1670, would have created a universal health care system to include 6.4 million Californians who currently lack insurance.
Under the bill, every Californian would be required to have a policy covering catastrophic care and various preventive measures, such as child vaccinations and colon exams for men over 50.
Small businesses that employ large percentages of low-income workers would be eligible for government subsidies to provide more extensive insurance coverage.
Californians could obtain their health policies at work or through purchasing pools designed to provide more clout in keeping premiums low.
Assemblyman Joe Nation, D-San Rafael, said the measure was designed to fix a system in which taxpayers are forced to foot the bill for millions of California who currently lack insurance.
"The fact of the matter is, the health care system in this country is absolutely broken," said Nation, who teamed with Assemblyman Keith Richman, R-Northridge, in proposing AB 1670.
Nation said the Legislature has done little in recent years to reverse the trend.
"My fear, frankly, is that we will continue to say no, no, no to a number of bills, many with promise, and not do anything positive for the health care system," Nation said.
AB 1670 was one of two universal health care proposals before lawmakers this year.
The other measure, SB 840, is scheduled to be heard today by the Senate Health Committee. It calls for replacing private health insurance in California with a state-run system.
Nation and Richman could not persuade Democrats, who dominate the Assembly Health Committee, to support their bill Tuesday.
Details had yet to be worked out, but one proposal was to implement a tax on health insurance policies to help fund subsidies under AB 1670.
Premiums for minimum insurance coverage were estimated at $50 per month, with a maximum annual deductible of $5,000 for catastrophic care.
A second tier of insurance, offering more extensive coverage with little or no deductible, was expected to cost about $160 per month.
Californians would have been required to prove they have basic health insurance when filing income taxes each year.
Dana Goldman, Rand Corp. director of health economics, testified in support of the bill's individual mandate and its proposed purchasing pool.
Such pools keep premiums low and "remove the fear that if consumers actually use health care, they will lose their insurance or face staggering premium increases," Goldman said.
Opponents countered that AB 1670 might prompt employers to drop their existing health insurance policies, and that many Californians could not afford the $5,000 deductible in basic policies.
"People with high deductibles fail to get the necessary and appropriate care," said Beth Capell of Health Access. "They don't take their medicines. They don't go to the doctor. They don't take care of their chronic conditions."
The California Chamber of Commerce and the California Restaurant Association expressed conceptual support for AB 1670.
Opponents included Health Access, the California Labor Federation, the Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights, and the California Association of Health Underwriters.


text:
Las elecciones estatales de Tlaxcala de 2021 se llevaron a cabo el domingo 6 de junio de 2021, y en ellas se renovaron los titulares de los siguientes cargos de elección popular del estado mexicano de Tlaxcala:

 Gobernador de Tlaxcala: Titular del Poder Ejecutivo del estado, electo para un periodo de seis años, sin derecho a reelección. La candidata electa fue Lorena Cuéllar Cisneros.
 25 diputados estatales: 15 diputados electos por mayoría relativa y 10 designados mediante representación proporcional para integrar la LXIV Legislatura.
 60 ayuntamientos: Compuestos por un presidente municipal, un síndico y sus regidores. Electos para un periodo de tres años.

Organización

Partidos políticos
En las elecciones estatales tienen derecho a participar quince partidos políticos. Diez son partidos políticos con registro nacional: Partido Acción Nacional (PAN), Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD), Partido del Trabajo (PT), Partido Verde Ecologista de México (PVEM), Movimiento Ciudadano (MC), Movimiento Regeneración Nacional (MORENA), Partido Encuentro Solidario (PES), Fuerza por México (FPM) y Redes Sociales Progresistas (RSP). Y cinco son partidos políticos estatales: Partido Socialista, Partido Alianza Ciudadana, Impacto Social Si, Nueva Alianza Tlaxcala y Partido Encuentro Social de Tlaxcala.

Proceso electoral
La campaña electoral para la gubernatura inicia el 4 de abril de 2021, mientras que las campañas para las diputaciones y alcaldías inician el 4 de mayo. El periodo de campañas concluye el 2 de junio. La votación está programada para celebrarse el 6 de junio de 2021, de las 8 de la mañana a las 6 de la tarde, en simultáneo con las elecciones federales. Se estima que el computo final de resultados se publique el 13 de junio.

Durante la campaña se realizarán dos debates entre los aspirantes a la gubernatura. El primero será el 18 de abril y el segundo el 16 de mayo. Ambos debates podrán realizarse de manera presencial o virtual, de acuerdo a las condiciones de la pandemia de COVID-19 en México.

Distritos electorales
Para la elección de diputados de mayoría relativa del Congreso del Estado de Tlaxcala, la entidad se divide en 15 distritos electorales.

Candidaturas y coaliciones

Unidos por Tlaxcala

El 3 de enero de 2021 el Instituto Tlaxcalteca de Elecciones aprobó la creación de la coalición «Unidos por Tlaxcala», integrada por el Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), el Partido Acción Nacional (PAN), el Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD), el Partido Socialista de Tlaxcala y el Partido Alianza Ciudadana. La coalición presentará candidatos comunes para diputados en 6 de los 15 distritos electorales del estado.

El 13 de diciembre de 2020 se registró Anabell Ávalos Zempoalteca, presidente municipal de Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl, como única aspirante a la candidatura del Partido Revolucionario Institucional para la gubernatura. El 12 de enero, la dirigencia del PRD nominó a Anabell Ávalos como la aspirante de su partido para la candidatura de la coalición. Mientras que el Partido Acción Nacional postuló a la senadora Minerva Hernández Ramos el 5 de enero, quien fue la única aspirante en pedir la nominación del PAN.

El 17 de enero la coalición presentó como su candidata a Anabell Ávalos Zempoalteca, la aspirante postulada por el PRI y el PRD.

Movimiento Ciudadano
La dirigencia estatal del partido Movimiento Ciudadano postuló inicialmente como candidato a gobernador a Jonatan Bretón Galeazzi, secretario de fomento agropecuario durante la gubernatura de Mariano González Zarur. Sin embargo, la dirigencia nacional del partido decidió que la candidatura para la gubernatura de Tlaxcala debía ser entregada a una mujer. La determinación fue cuestionada por la dirigencia estatal porque descartaba la postulación de Bretón Galeazzi, la única persona en pedir la candidatura del partido. En consecuencia, la dirigencia estatal del partido consideró no realizar ninguna postulación para la gubernatura debido a que no contaban con ninguna persona que cumpliera con todos los requisitos exigidos, declarando desierta la convocatoria.

El 26 de febrero de 2021 la dirigencia nacional del partido seleccionó mediante designación directa a la candidata para la gubernatura, postulando a Eréndira Jiménez Montiel, ex diputada del Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD).

Juntos Haremos Historia

El 3 de enero de 2021 el Instituto Tlaxcalteca de Elecciones aprobó la creación de la coalición «Juntos Hacemos Historia», integrada por el partido Movimiento Regeneración Nacional (Morena), el Partido del Trabajo (PT), el Partido Verde Ecologista de México (PVEM), el partido Nueva Alianza Tlaxcala y el Partido Encuentro Social de Tlaxcala. La coalición acordó entregar la postulación para la gubernatura al candidato designado por Morena. Adicionalmente se presentará en conjunto para la elección de 10 de los 15 diputados de mayoría relativa del estado.

El 14 de diciembre de 2020, Morena seleccionó como su candidata a la gubernatura a la diputada federal Lorena Cuéllar Cisneros a través de una encuesta entre los militantes y simpatizantes del partido.

Redes Sociales Progresistas
En diciembre de 2020, el partido Redes Sociales Progresistas (RSP) anunció un acuerdo con el empresario y ex militante del Partido Acción Nacional, Juan Carlos Sánchez Saga, para postularlo como su candidato a la gubernatura de Tlaxcala. El acuerdo fue cuestionado por los militantes del partido, que buscaban postular a Óscar Vélez Sánchez, presidente municipal de El Carmen Tequexquitla. Y quienes plantearon que impugnarán la decisión ante la dirigencia nacional del partido por considerar que la dirigencia estatal «vendió la candidatura del gobierno estatal al mejor postor».

Otras candidaturas
El 22 de enero de 2021, la dirigencia del partido Fuerza por México presentó como su candidata a la gubernatura a Viviana Barbosa Bonola, antigua delegada de la Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social en el estado de Tlaxcala. El 22 de marzo el Partido Impacto Social Si registró a Evangelina Paredes Zamora, madre del dirigente del partido, como su candidata para la gubernatura. Al día siguiente, el Partido Encuentro Solidario (PES) presentó como candidata a la empresaria Liliana Becerril Rojas.

Encuestas para la gubernatura

Por partido político

Por candidato

Resultados

Gubernatura

Congreso del Estado

Ayuntamientos

Apizaco

Calpulalpan

Chiautempan

Huamantla

San Pablo del Monte

Tlaxcala

Comunidades

Véase también
 Elecciones estatales en México
 Elecciones federales de México de 2021

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Instituto Tlaxcalteca de Elecciones

Tlaxcala
2021


is a general method of comparative analysis [DISCOVERY, p1].
is derived from data and then illustrated by characteristic examples of data [DISCOVERY, p5].
will be more successful than theories logically deduced from a priori assumptions [DISCOVERY, p6].
can be used as a fuller test of a logico-deductive theory pertaining to the same area by comparison of both theories than an accurate description used to verify a few propositions would provide, discovery gives us a theory that "fits or works" in a substantive or formal area (though further testing, clarification, or reformulation is still necessary), since the theory has been derived from data, not deduced from logical assumptions [DISCOVERY, p29].
can be presented either as a well codified set of propositions or in a running theoretical discussion, using conceptual categories and their properties [DISCOVERY, p31].
is an integrated set of conceptual hypotheses [DOING, p. 3].
is formative, relatively inexpensive, and a source of very rich ideas [DOING, p. 7].
[DISCOVERY] Glaser, Barney G., and Strauss, Anselm L. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine, pp. 271.
[DOING] Glase, Barney G. 1998. Doing Grounded Theory: Issues and Discussions. Sociology Press, pp. 254.
Adapted from "What is Grounded Theory".


text:
Biografia
Stratos nacque ad Alessandria d'Egitto da genitori greci. Trascorse i primi tredici anni di vita ad Alessandria d'Egitto, studiando pianoforte e fisarmonica al prestigioso «Conservatoire National d'Athènes». Essendo di famiglia cristiano-ortodossa, fin da piccolo poté assistere alle cerimonie accompagnate da musica religiosa bizantina, oltre ad ascoltare la musica araba tradizionale. Da adulto, Stratos riconobbe che l'infanzia ad Alessandria l'aveva fatto sentire come un facchino in un albergo internazionale, in grado di vivere l'esperienza dei viaggiatori e di assistere al traffico di culture in quel Mediterraneo ricco di diverse etnie e crocevia di intense pratiche musicali. Subito dopo la crisi di Suez, nel 1957, la famiglia lo mandò a studiare presso il Collegio di Terra Santa a Nicosia, Cipro, dove Efstràtios ottenne anche il passaporto cipriota.

Nel 1962 si trasferì a Milano dove si iscrisse alla facoltà di Architettura del Politecnico. In Italia assunse definitivamente il nome di Demetrio Stratos, scambiando il cognome (Dimitrìou) con il nome di battesimo (Efstràtios). Nel 1963 formò a Milano un gruppo musicale studentesco di soul, blues e rhythm and blues e fece esperienza come turnista in diversi studi di registrazione. Nel 1966, con lo pseudonimo The Clockwork Oranges, debuttò come cantante in un 45 giri pubblicato dalla Vedette: Ready Steady/After Tonight; nello stesso anno si unì come pianista e voce solista al complesso beat I Ribelli con i quali rimase fino al 1970 incidendo vari 45 giri, tra cui il celebre successo Pugni chiusi, e l'album che porta il loro nome.

Lasciati i Ribelli, nel 1971 Stratos pubblicò il singolo Daddy's Song per l'etichetta Numero Uno di Lucio Battisti e l'anno seguente fondò insieme al batterista Giulio Capiozzo gli Area, gruppo in cui rimase fino al 1978 affermandosi in Italia e all'estero sulla scia della fusion e del rock progressivo.

Nel 1978 Stratos lasciò gli Area per dedicarsi esclusivamente alla ricerca vocale. In quest'anno accrebbe la sua fama internazionale: John Cage lo invitò a tenere una serie di concerti al Roundabout Theatre di New York e di questo periodo è la partecipazione a un Event della Merce Cunningham Dance Company, con la direzione artistica di Jasper Johns, quella musicale di Cage e la collaborazione di Andy Warhol per i costumi.

  to have haD
      the idEa
        his Music
     would nEver
           sTop
        the Range
        of hIs
           vOice
  would have
    no limitS
         nexT
          foR him
       to leArn was
         in Tibet
 after that Out
 into vocal Space
— John Cage, Mesostic for Demetrio Stratos (1991)

Il 30 marzo 1979 Stratos tenne il suo ultimo concerto presso il Teatrino della Villa Reale di Monza; colpito da una forma di anemia aplastica, il 2 aprile fu ricoverato al Policlinico di Milano e da lì poi trasferito al Memorial Hospital di New York. La notizia si diffuse in breve tempo nell'ambiente musicale italiano: Gianni Sassi, fondatore della Cramps e già paroliere degli Area, organizzò un concerto da tenersi all'Arena Civica di Milano allo scopo di raccogliere i fondi per garantire al cantante la costosa degenza, in attesa del necessario trapianto di midollo osseo: all'iniziativa aderirono, fra gli altri: Eugenio Finardi, Angelo Branduardi, Antonello Venditti, Francesco Guccini, Roberto Vecchioni, PFM, Banco del Mutuo Soccorso, Carnascialia, Skiantos e gli stessi Area. Le condizioni di Stratos tuttavia si aggravarono più rapidamente del previsto ed egli morì per collasso cardiocircolatorio all'età di 34 anni il 13 giugno 1979, il giorno prima della data fissata per l'evento benefico, che divenne così un tributo alla sua memoria, primo di una lunga serie.

Dalle registrazioni del concerto di Milano, al quale intervennero circa sessantamila spettatori, la Cramps trasse il doppio album 1979 Il concerto - Omaggio a Demetrio Stratos; lo speciale televisivo dedicato all'evento, a cura di Renato Marengo, fu trasmesso sul secondo canale della Rai nel luglio del 1979 e, in occasione del trentennale (2009), uscì su un DVD prodotto dalla Cramps assieme a Rai Trade, allegato a La Repubblica e L'Espresso.

Stratos fu tumulato nel cimitero del borgo di Scipione Castello, frazione del comune di Salsomaggiore Terme che, dal 2000, organizza tutti gli anni una manifestazione musicale a lui dedicata.

Gli studi sulla vocalità e la fonazione
Demetrio Stratos coltivò un'importante esperienza solista incentrata su sperimentazioni e ricerche vocali, che ha prodotto un'ampia e notevole discografia. Il suo studio della voce come strumento, memore dell'esempio dei cantanti più avanzati della musica nera statunitense come Leon Thomas, lo portò nel corso degli anni settanta a raggiungere risultati al limite delle capacità umane. Compì ricerche di etnomusicologia ed estensione vocale in collaborazione con il CNR di Padova tra il 1976 e il 1978, e studiò le modalità canore dei popoli asiatici. Il prof. Franco Ferrero, che presso il Centro Studi per le ricerche di Fonetica del CNR dell'Università di Padova analizzò gli effetti che Stratos riusciva a produrre, ammette: «Stando a quanto ho riscontrato durante l'emissione, le corde vocali non vibravano. La frequenza era molto elevata (le corde vocali non riescono a superare la frequenza di 1000-1200 Hz). Nonostante ciò Demetrio otteneva non uno, ma due fischi disarmonici, uno che da 6000 Hz scendeva di frequenza, e l'altro che da 3000 Hz saliva. Non si poteva supporre, quindi, che un fischio fosse l'armonico superiore dell'altro. Constatai anche l'emissione di tre fischi simultanei».

Le analisi sulla voce di Stratos, sia quelle effettuate nel periodo 1976-78 quando fu presente a Padova, sia le successive, hanno dimostrato che il musicista riusciva a produrre diplofonie, suoni bitonali e difonici (canto armonico, meccanismi vocali sovraglottici, fischio laringeo), abilità diverse tra loro che è raro trovare nella stessa persona. Grazie alle già notevoli doti innate, alle tecniche acquisite, e agli studi con il CNR, Stratos riuscì a raggiungere risultati che rimangono ancora ineguagliati.

Franco Ferrero affermò inoltre quanto segue: «La strabiliante ricerca di Stratos porta molte suggestioni e piste di ricerca ancora da studiare. Vorrei limitarmi a due sottolineature particolarmente stimolanti e innovative per il nostro tempo: la preminenza del significante rispetto al significato e il valore rituale della voce in ordine all'accesso alla scaturigine del corpo». «La voce –sostiene Stratos – è oggi nella musica un canale di trasmissione che non trasmette più nulla»; e ancora: «L'ipertrofia vocale occidentale ha reso il cantante moderno pressoché insensibile ai diversi aspetti della vocalità, isolandolo nel recinto di determinate strutture linguistiche».

Nel 1974 prese parte a tournée e festival in Francia, Portogallo, Svizzera e Cuba; a Cuba ricevette l'invito dal Ministero della Cultura ad incontrarsi con la Delegazione di musicisti della Mongolia per partecipare a un dibattito sulla vocalità dell'Estremo oriente; Stratos si era infatti progressivamente inoltrato nell'affascinante mondo dei suoni riprendendo e ampliando un vasto discorso sul significato della voce nelle civiltà orientali e mediorientali.

Discografia

Da solista

Album in studio
 1976 – Metrodora
 1977 – La cantata rossa per Taal al Zaatar (con Gaetano Liguori e Giulio Stocchi)
 1978 – O'Tzitziras O'Mitziras
 1978 – Cantare la voce
 1979 – Rock'n Roll Exhibition (con Mauro Pagani e Paolo Tofani)
 1990 – Le milleuna

Album dal vivo
 1980 – Recitarcantando
 1998 – Concerto all'elfo

Con gli Area
Album in studio
 1973 – Arbeit macht frei
 1974 – Caution Radiation Area
 1975 – Crac!
 1976 – Maledetti (maudits)
 1978 – 1978 gli dei se ne vanno, gli arrabbiati restano!

Album dal vivo
 1975 – Are(A)zione
 1979 – Event '76

Omaggi
Molti musicisti gli hanno dedicato concerti o composizioni. Tra i vari omaggi a lui indirizzati si ricordano:
 La PFM, gruppo di rock progressivo italiano, nell'album Suonare suonare pubblicato nel 1980, gli ha dedicato il brano Maestro della voce.
 In omaggio a Demetrio Stratos, dal 1996 si è svolta ad Alberone una Rassegna di Musica Diversa, alla quale partecipano numerose band underground italiane. Il primo concorso nazionale "Omaggio a Demetrio Stratos", ideato e diretto artisticamente dal compositore Aldo Passarini, risale al 1995 su iniziativa del Comune di Tolentino (Macerata): i brani devono essere inediti; al miglior testo dei brani in concorso viene assegnato il premio "Gianni Sassi".
 Nel 2005 e nel 2007 si è tenuto a Milano il "Premio internazionale Demetrio Stratos" per la ricerca vocale e la sperimentazione musicale promosso, tra gli altri, da Daniela Ronconi Demetriou, moglie di Stratos, e Patrizio Fariselli, pianista degli Area. Il premio per il miglior progetto emergente è andato a Romina Daniele. Riconoscimenti alla carriera sono andati alle grandi artiste statunitensi Diamanda Galás e Meredith Monk.
 Nel 2009, con la regia di Luciano D'Onofrio e Monica Affatato e la consulenza di Daniela Ronconi Demetriou, è stato realizzato un lungo documentario sulla storia e la carriera di Demetrio Stratos dal titolo La voce Stratos. Include più di trenta interviste a collaboratori, musicisti, artisti e foniatri oltre a foto e filmati, inediti e di repertorio.
 Il gruppo Elio e le Storie Tese ha dedicato agli Area la canzone Come gli Area, in cui sono molteplici i riferimenti a Demetrio Stratos.
 Suonare la Voce - Tributo a Demetrio Stratos (Genova)
 2004 (prima edizione): in occasione dei 25 anni dalla scomparsa di Stratos l'Associazione Culturale Metrodora (un ente non profit che prende il nome da uno dei dischi di Stratos da solista) ha organizzato una manifestazione intitolata Suonare la Voce, con concerti e proiezioni di filmati. Durante la manifestazione, della durata di 3 giorni, si è svolto un seminario sulla vita e le opere dell'artista che ha visto la partecipazione della famiglia e di molti musicologi ed esperti.
 2009 (seconda edizione): due giornate di seminari e concerti culminati con l'esibizione dell'artista spagnola Fatima Miranda, vincitrice del Premio internazionale Demetrio Stratos 2009.
 Nel 2010 l'attore Filippo Timi è testimonial dell'evento Demetrio Stratos, la voce e il sogno presso l'Aula Magna dell'Università per Stranieri di Perugia assieme al pianista e compositore Patrizio Fariselli degli Area, al giornalista Luca Frazzi della rivista italiana Rumore e all'ideatore dell'evento Giuseppe Sterparelli dell'Alive Music Festival.

Inoltre, a Demetrio Stratos sono intitolati: l'auditorium degli studi di Radio Popolare e una via nel nuovo quartiere di Citylife a Milano, una piazza a Oppido Lucano (Potenza), una strada a Vaglio Basilicata (Potenza) e una a Scipione Castello (Parma), dov'è sepolto.

Note

Bibliografia

 Giuseppe Sterparelli (a cura di) I maledetti del rock italiano, segni e suoni di strada da Clem sacco ai 99 Posse, catalogo mostra di tavole originali con saggi di Freak Antoni, Vincenzo Sparagna (Il Male, Frigidaire), Luca Frazzi (Rumore) e 45 illustrazioni tra cui una dedicata a Demetrio (a firma Bruno Brindisi) e una agli Area. Del Grifo Editore, 2008

 Antonio Oleari, Demetrio Stratos: gioia e rivoluzione di una voce, Milano, Aereostella, 2009
 Luca Pessina, Essere voce. Viaggio nella vocalità: dal gioco a Demetrio Stratos, Aereostella, Milano 2011

Voci correlate
 Area
 Canto armonico
 Diplofonia
 I Ribelli

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Greco-italiani
Gruppi e musicisti della Cramps
Gruppi e musicisti della Lombardia
Gruppi e musicisti della Numero Uno
Studenti del Politecnico di Milano


text:
Walter Woodthorpe (17 October 1860 – 6 January 1943) was a South African first-class cricketer. He played for Kimberley in the 1889–90 Currie Cup.

References

External links

1860 births
1943 deaths
South African cricketers
Griqualand West cricketers


Lenny: What are you and your family doing this weekend?
Nancy: We're going to Pismo beach. We're still considering if we will camp out on the beach or not.
Lenny: I'm not big on camping out in the wild. I only camp out in my backyard. It's not extravagant, but it's safe for me.
Mitt: The protesters have been sitting in front of City Hall for some time now.
Sean: Yeah, they decided to camp out to show the mayor how angry they are about the new policies.
To "camp out" means to sleep/live outdoors for a short or extended period of time, usually in a tent. To camp out includes giving up general utilities like shower, toilet, and going without many possessions. In the first example, Nancy is debating whether she and her family will stay in a tent on the beach, but Lenny contends that he doesn't like the outdoors. Lenny's approach to "camping out" is confined to the safety of his back yard. In the second example, the protesters intended on staying in front of City Hall for an extended period of time to prove their tenacity. Therefore, they camped out in front of the building showing their willingness to give up comforts to show their commitment.