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HomeCapitalism isn't bad for the environment
Capitalism isn't bad for the environment
2020-09-27 2020-09-20 pnrj public policyauthoritarianism, capitalism, carbon emissions, climate change, democracy, environment, environmentalism, Scandinaviaisbetter, social democracy, socialism
Sep 27 JDN 2459120
There are certainly many legitimate criticisms to be made against capitalism, particularly unregulated, unfettered capitalism. But many of the criticisms the left likes to offer against capitalism really don't hold water, and one of them is the assertion that capitalism is bad for the environment.
The world's most polluted cities are largely in India and China. In fact, as China has opened up to world markets and become more capitalist, it has become more ecologically efficient, in the sense of producing far less greenhouse emission per dollar of GDP.
Indeed, the entire world has been getting more efficient on this metric: We now produce about twice as much GDP per ton of CO2 emitted than we did in 1990.
Pollution in the Soviet Union was horrific; even today, many of the world's most polluted places are in the former Soviet Union. Much of the ecological damage was hidden while the USSR was still in place, but once it collapsed, the damage that Soviet policy had done to the environment became obvious.
If you sort countries by their per-capita greenhouse emissions, the worst offenders are Kuwait, Brunei, Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain—small, oil-producing countries in the Middle East. The US and Canada also do pretty badly, and are certainly quite capitalist; but so do Libya, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan, not exactly known for their devotion to free markets.
I think this in fact too generous to socialist countries. We really should adjust for GDP per capita. It's easy to produce zero pollution: Just let everyone starve to death. And if that sounds extreme, consider that millions of people literally did starve to death under Stalin and Mao. It's a fair question whether we really need the high standard of living we have become accustomed to in the First World; perhaps we could afford to cut back. But clearly some kind of adjustment is necessary: A country is obviously doing better if they can produce more GDP for the same carbon emissions.
Therefore, let's see what happens when we rank countries by kilograms of CO2 emissions per dollar of GDP. The highest polluters are then the Central African Republic, Belize, Libya, Gambia, Eritrea, Niger, Grenada, Palau… not a First World country among them. CAR produces a horrifying 126 tons of CO2 per $10,000 of GDP. The US is near the world average at about 3.0 tons of CO2 per $10,000 of GDP, and as usual Scandinavia Is Better with about 1 ton of CO2 per $10,000 of GDP. China does worse than the US, at about 4.0 tons of CO2 per $10,000 of GDP. Russia and most of the former Soviet Union does substantially worse, generally around 5.0 tons of CO2 per $10,000 of GDP.
Then again, these figures use production-based accounting; perhaps we should be using consumption-based accounting, so that First World countries can't simply offshore their emissions. The data is less complete and probably less reliable, but it's still pretty clear that the highest per-capita emissions are in small oil-exporting countries in the Middle East, like Qatar and Brunei.
Moreover, on consumption-based accounting, the highest emissions per dollar of GDP are in Mongolia, Namibia, Ukraine, South Africa, and Kazakhstan. The US actually does better at 2.6 tons of CO2 per $10,000 of GDP, while Scandinavia is still at about 1 ton of CO2 per $10,000 of GDP. China closes the gap, but still does worse than the US, at about 3.0 tons of CO2 per $10,000 of GDP.
No matter how you slice it, the US just isn't the world's worst polluter, and we only look like we are in the top 10 because we are so fabulously rich. If it were generally true that higher wealth always comes with proportionally higher pollution, then perhaps capitalism could be blamed for producing all this pollution—though then we'd have a difficult tradeoff to make between reducing pollution and increasing wealth. But in fact there is wide variation in the ecological efficiency of an economy; nuclearize your energy grid like France did and you can cut your emissions in half. Do whatever Scandanavia does and you can do even better.
Now I suppose it would be fair to say that France and Scandinavia are less capitalist than the United States; they certainly have much stronger social welfare states (including universal healthcare) and more redistribution of wealth. But they're still quite capitalist. They have robust free-market economies, thousands of for-profit corporations, and plenty of billionaires. France has 41 billionaires among 65 million people, just a slightly lower rate of billionaires-per-capita than the US. Sweden has 31 billionaires among 10 million people, a substantially higher rate of billionaires-per-capita than the US. It may be that the optimal level of capitalism for environmental sustainability is not 100%; but it doesn't seem to be anywhere near 0% either. National Review overstates the case a little (I mean, they are National Review), but I don't think they are wrong when they say that socialism is bad for the environment.
Indeed, it seems quite important that France and Scandinavia are democratic (by some measures the most democratic places in the world), while China and Russia are authoritarian. It's not hard to see why democracy would be good for the environment: It solves the Tragedy of the Commons by including the interests of everyone who is impacted by pollution. Policies that produce really catastrophic pollution tend to get leaders voted out.
The rather surprising result is that empirically there doesn't appear to be a strong effect of democracy on environmental sustainability either. There's some evidence that it helps, but it seems to depend upon a lot of factors, and on some measures democracy may actually make matters worse. I honestly don't have a good explanation for this; I would have expected a really strong benefit, since the theoretical argument is quite strong: Voters have strong reasons to want clean air and water, while dictators don't (especially water, which they can easily pay to import).
Perhaps capitalism is bad for the environment, but democracy is good, and the two sort of cancel out? But there isn't even much reason theoretically to think that capitalism would be worse for the environment. Private ownership yields private stewardship, and poisoning your employees and customers is not good business. Yes, some forms of pollution spread out far enough that they become a Tragedy of the Commons; but it's actually hard to find clear examples where pollution spreads far enough to be a Tragedy of the Commons for a corporation but doesn't spread far enough to be a Tragedy of the Commons for a whole country. Some multinational corporations are large enough that they probably have more reason to care about the environment than many small countries—Walmart's total revenue is nearly 15 times higher than Brunei's total GDP. Indeed, one of the few upsides of concentrated oligopolies is that they are less likely to pollute!
I can understand why it's tempting to blame capitalism for the degradation of the environment. Indeed, if the argument could stick, it would be a really compelling reason to dismantle capitalism—we simply cannot continue to degrade the environment at the rate we have been for much longer. But empirically it just doesn't work; whatever determines a country's ecological sustainability or lack thereof, it's something subtler than capitalism versus socialism—or even democracy versus authoritarianism.
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In search of reasonable conservatism | Human Economics says:
[…] for the transition, probably nuclear energy. Capitalism is overall the best economic system, and isn't particularly bad for the environment. Industrial capitalism has brought us a golden age. Rent control is a really bad idea. Fighting […]


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Robert Parsons (* um 1535 vermutlich in Exeter, Devon; † 25. Januar 1572 in Newark-on-Trent) war ein englischer Komponist der Renaissance.

Leben
Obwohl eine Reihe von Kompositionen Robert Parsons' überliefert sind, ist nahezu nichts über sein Leben bekannt. 1560/61 taucht er erstmals in einem Rechnungsbuch der Londoner Chapel Royal auf, aber seine genaue damalige Funktion bei dieser Institution ist nicht genannt. Am 17. Oktober 1563 wurde er als Gentleman of the Chapel Royal aufgenommen – etwa gleichzeitig mit William Mundy, weswegen man vermutet, dass Parsons in etwa gleichaltrig wie Mundy gewesen sein könnte. 1567 wurde ihm auf 21 Jahre ein Krongut über drei Rektorien in der Nähe von Lincoln gewährt. 1571, im Jahr seiner Eheschließung mit seiner Frau Helen, ist er durch eine Steuerliste als Bewohner von Greenwich nachgewiesen.

Parsons befand sich im Januar 1572 offenbar auf einer Reise, um neue Chorknaben für die Chapel Royal zu rekrutieren, als er bei Newark-on-Trent im River Trent ertrank, der Hochwasser führte. Sein direkter Nachfolger als Gentleman of the Chapel Royal wurde William Byrd.

Parsons leistete bedeutende Beiträge zur anglikanischen Kirchenmusik der elisabethanischen Zeit, doch gelten seine Kompositionen auf lateinische Texte als noch eindrucksvoller. Seine weltlichen Kompositionen stehen in Zusammenhang mit Theateraufführungen der Knaben der Chapel Royal.

Ein John Parsons († 1623), der als Komponist und Chorleiter an der Westminster Abbey wirkte, war möglicherweise sein Sohn. Nach seinem Tod wurde Orlando Gibbons sein Nachfolger.

Werke

Vokalmusik
Lateinische Kirchenmusik
 Anima Christi
 Ave Maria
 Credo quod redemptor
 Domine quis habitabit
 In manus tuas
 Libera me
 Magnificat
 Magnus est Domino
 O bone Jesu
 O quam glorifica
 Peccantem me
 Retribue servo
 Solemnis urgebat
 Veni Domine

Englische Kirchenmusik
 Anthem Deliver me from mine enemies und First Service (in: John Barnard: The First Book of Selected Church Musick, London 1641).
 Ah helpless wretch
 Blow up the trumpet
 Ever blessed Lord
 Have mercy on us Lord
 Holy Lord God almighty
 How many hired servants
 Lord comfort those
 Preserve us Lord
 ferner 2 Services und ein Burial Service

Madrigale und Lieder
 A woeful heart
 Enforced love
 When I look down
 What bred the woeful fall
 Maister Parsons Hexachord (1569)

Bühnenwerke
 Pandolpho
 Abradad (auch Richard Farrant zugeschr.)

Instrumentalmusik
 6 In nomine 4–7v.
 2 Song (der eine ist unter folgenden Titeln überliefert: Trumpets, Lustie Gallant, Cante cantate [sic], Mr. Parson His Songe)
 Ut re my
 De la court (2tl.)
 Galliarde

Literatur

 W. H. Grattan Flood: New Light on Late Tudor Composers: V. Robert Parsons. In: The Musical Times. Vol. 65, Nr. 982 (1. Dezember 1924), S. 1085–1086 ().

Weblinks

 Robert Parsons – Biography, Albums – Naxos Classical Music (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Komponist (Renaissance)
Komponist (England)
Engländer
Geboren im 16. Jahrhundert
Gestorben 1572
Mann

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Q: Is a linear map that preserves boundedness bounded? If I have any linear map $T: X \to Y$ then one clearly has: if $T$ is bounded , then $T$ preserves boundedness, i.e.: $$\exists C>0: \forall x\in X: \lVert Tx\rVert \leq C \lVert x \rVert\\ \implies \\ \forall X'\subseteq X: \text{if $X'$ is bounded, than T(X) is bounded}$$
I want to know if the converse also holds.

A: By definition (one of its three equivalent formulations) linear map is bounded if and only if the image of the unit ball is bounded, so yes.

A: Take $X'=\{x:\|x\| \leq 1\}$. You get a constant $C$ such that  $\|Tx\| \leq C$ whenever $\|x\| \leq 1$. Now take any $x \neq 0$ and apply this to $\frac x {\|x\|}$. Can you complete the proof now?.

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The dreams of traveling to other places by water is exciting. In addition to that dream, the thought of maybe living on a sailboat and focusing on what's important and reducing the stuff I own is exciting. I've gotten comfy with space over the past few years. I haven't been as diligent as I used to be with reducing the stuff coming in and the stuff going out. This transition to a sailboat will ultimately make me own less stuff but what I'm finding out is that when you buy a sailboat, you soon may be drawn to all the cool gadgets.
Buster (mini-dachshund) in his new life jacket.
As I read the Lin and Larry Pardey's book on "Cost Conscious Cruising," they make a point to get a feel for the sailboat before buying all the things. Be on it for awhile and take it out and then see what you might want. I'm definitely keeping that in mind although I have spent a lot of money on items for the sailboat in the first week of ownership but I feel like they are essential to the boat and my mission.
I'm getting a little bit of anxiety bringing on all these new items and spending all this money in a short amount of time. I could probably say that the above items are a necessity to the boat running well and my dog staying safe but you should also see what's in my Amazon and eBay cart. A composting toilet, fishing reel, maybe new pots and pans (you can't have ceramic in a sailboat, can you?), and other miscellaneous stuff that my mind is tempting me to buy.
These are the times I need to catch myself. I need to be careful as to what I bring on. I really need to wait a few days or a week before making a purchase. I can convince myself things are really necessary when maybe they aren't.
Minimalism is a privilege, people tend to think about practicing minimalism more when they have the ability to purchase or obtain a lot of stuff. Not everyone has that ability. With that said minimalism goes beyond physical stuff, it's ridding yourself of the mental clutter too. Something I could practice more as of late. I digress, but isn't that life jacket cute on Buster.


The future of your business depends on just two abilities.
Firstly, being able to come up with excellent ideas to expand your business. Secondly to be good at implementing those ideas.
There are thousands of books and articles about the implementation part, but comparatively little about quality business idea generation. Over the last 25 years I have made my living coming up with good business ideas and over time I developed a system that allowed me to do so quickly, efficently and effectively.
Below is a quick ten step methodology that will allow you to speedily generate lots of different ideas for your company. Whether you'd like to conceive new income streams, fresh marketing concepts, breakthrough positioning strategies or novel product ideas, this system will get the job done.
Here's how it works. Spend ten minutes on each of the questions below. During the ten minute period endeavor to come up with as many answers to each question as you can. Only after you have completed each question should you review your solutions. At stage one, it's all about quantity – the more answers you come up with, the higher your chances of generating something wondrous.
Stage two is the sifting process – picking the gems and discarding the rest.
Follow this process and you'll have no shortage of excellent ideas to use throughout your company.
QUESTION ONE: WHAT'S SOMETHING I COULD DO THAT'S REALLY EXTREME?
This question forces you to think more laterally than most of us usually do. Often when we brainstorm, our ideas are merely tiny changes to what's already there. The danger is that if we think too safe and small we often will end up with solutions that have no hope of making an impact. By choosing to conceive ideas that must all be extreme we have a chance of coming up with ideas that, with a little tweaking, could be something really special.
QUESTION TWO: WHAT COULD WE ADD TO SOMETHING WE ALREADY DO TO MAKE IT MORE EXTRAORDINARY?
This question can lead to some wonderful ideas. By simply adding to an already successful concept you can take it into a totally different and vastly more profitable area. Is it not true that many of the most impactful concepts in your industry were only slightly better than what everyone else was doing? Take ten minutes to brainstorm additions to your existing best ideas, you may well be delighted by what you come up with.
QUESTION THREE: WHAT COULD WE STRIP AWAY FROM WHAT WE ALREADY DO?
This is in many ways the opposite of the previous question. When you look at an existing product or industry, you can often come up with something novel by just reducing the core idea to something simpler. For example, when Bic produced the first mass produced disposable razor it was merely a simplified version of the traditional version. Toyota did the same with cars, decades ago. What could you strip away to create something more unique, novel or marketable?
QUESTION FOUR: WHAT IDEAS COULD WE TAKE FROM OTHER INDUSTRIES AND APPLY TO OURS?
It's amazing how little cross pollination there is between industries. Yet, one of the quickest ways to come up with a break though idea is to examine what other industries are doing and see if you can apply those concepts in your sector. For example, software sales people could learn a lot from the best real estate sales people. TV writers could learn a whole range of new techniques from advertising writers. Don't just navel gaze inside your own world – take a look at the industries around you and see how their old ideas could become your new ones.
QUESTION FIVE: WHAT COULD WE STEAL FROM COMPETITORS AND MAKE A SLIGHT CHANGE TO?
Picasso said "Good artists borrow, great artists steal." Steve Jobs once remarked, "We are shameless about stealing great ideas." If these so called original thinkers were happy to steal from their competitors, maybe you should consider it too. By stealing, of course, I don't mean outright IP theft, I am suggesting that you look at products and strategies your competition is using with success, alter them a little then try them yourself. Generally speaking, if they work for them they'll usually work for you. A case in point; Indian Motorcycles has grown a breakneck speed in the last three years by copying many of the marketing strategies that have worked for Harley Davidson.
QUESTION SIX: WHAT WILL THEY BE DOING IN OUR INDUSTRY IN 20 YEARS?
This question sparks loads of intriguing ideas. Don't look forward 12 months, have a go at foreseeing two decades. You may not predict accurately but you are far more likely to come up with interesting ideas and directions for your company. After all, the future is often dominated by those who can envision where an industry is heading, rather than merely looking at where it is currently. For instance, TV exec Barry Diller made himself a billionaire by successfully predicting 15 years ago that the internet would become a major advertising platform.
QUESTION SEVEN: WHAT WOULD WE BE SCARED TO DO?
QUESTION EIGHT: WHAT WOULD STEVE JOBS DO IN THIS SITUATION?
Or John Paul Getty? Or Andrew Carnegie? By trying to guess how great entrepreneurs would handle your business situation, you free your mind up to think in different ways. How would they disrupt your industry? What direction would they choose to give them a chance of dominating your sector like they once did theirs? Pretend you're them and find out.
QUESTION NINE: WHAT'S THE FASTEST THING WE COULD DO?
This is another out of the box way of thinking about your business. If the usual product cycle in your industry is 12 months, how could you get a product out in 12 weeks? Don't just say it's impossible, force yourself to think more laterally. James Patterson is one of the world's most successful authors. When most authors produce a book every year or two, last year Patterson released twelve! How? He asked the speed question and came up with an entirely different way of writing, using teams.
QUESTION TEN: WHAT'S THE CHEAPEST THING WE COULD DO?
The vast majority of successful companies were started with less than $25,000. Many have been begun with a few hundred bucks. Contrary to popular opinion tiny budgets often increase creativity, not inhibit it. So think cheap, really cheap. What could you create for a song, if that was your only option? Stick with that question for awhile and I guarantee you some exciting solutions will emerge.


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Mathias Uhlen: "A large part of the cutting-edge research in biology and medicine is technology..."
Meet the proteome cartographer! Mathias Uhlen will be awarded the 2019 Sir Hans Krebs medal from FEBS at the 44th FEBS Congress in Krakow.
Mathias Uhlen is professor at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden. His research is focused on protein science, antibody engineering and precision medicine and has resulted in more than 550 publications and the co-founding of 10 biotech companies. He leads an international effort to systematically map the human proteome to create a Human Protein Atlas (www.proteinatlas.org) using antibodies and various omics technologies, resulting in the Tissue Atlas (2015), Cell Atlas (2016) and Pathology Atlas (2017). He is the President of the European Federation of Biotechnology, and from 2010 to 2015 he was the founding Director of the Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), which is a Swedish national center for molecular bioscience.
What do you see as the most important developments in your field in the past 15 years?
Firstly, the recent clinical success of biological drugs, which now constitute the majority of the best-selling drugs in the world. Secondly, the development of high-throughput methods for analysing biological samples, such as next-generation sequencing, proteomics, tissue microarrays and imaging technologies. And thirdly, the development of systems biology to analyse large amounts of quantitative biological data.
What drew you to your research field?
In the beginning of my career, I was focusing my research on molecular biology and DNA sequencing. I was involved in large-scale sequencing projects, but also technology development, such as the development in our group of the Pyrosequencing method leading to the first next-generation instruments (454/Roche). When the first human genome was published in early 2000, I decided to use the knowledge from the genome sequence to try to map the corresponding proteome using immune-based methods combined with other omics technologies. A generous grant from a non-profit foundation allowed me to set up a large consortium of researchers combining protein science with genomics, image analysis, pathology and systems biology. We have now carried out this massive proteome mapping effort for the last 15 years and published more than 500 peer-reviewed articles and also launched an open access database for researchers both in academia and industry.
Tell us about a favourite published paper from your lab
During the last five years, we have published a series of papers within the framework of the Human Protein Atlas (www.proteinatlas.org) focusing on particular aspects of the genome-wide analysis of the human proteins: the Tissue Atlas showing the distribution of the proteins across all major tissues and organs in the human body (Uhlen, M. et al. Science 2015), the Cell Atlas showing the subcellular localization of proteins in single cells (Thul, P.J. et al. Science 2017) and the Pathology Atlas showing the impact of protein levels for survival of patients with cancer (Uhlen, M. et al. Science 2017). Obviously, to be able to contribute to the proteome-wide mapping of all human proteins for the first time in scientific history is extremely exciting and rewarding.
What aspects of your life as a researcher do you most enjoy?
There are several aspects of being a life science researcher that I truly enjoy. First, to have the opportunity to map human biology in a manner not possible before and to probe the magnificent molecular details of being human. Second, to plan and execute projects in the field of human health and disease and to see patients benefit from drugs developed as part of my research. I also enjoy very much the discussions of primary data from experiments with young team members to define the most important "take-home" messages. Finally, to be able to interact with bright fellow researchers both nationally and internationally and to be able to travel and see different parts of the world.
What comes first: technique or biological question?
Both. A large part of the cutting-edge research in biology and medicine is technology – and data-driven and new technologies allows the community to ask questions with higher precision and quality. It is therefore important to have research with the sole objective to improve or create new technology platforms. However, it is of course also important to have researchers that use the developed technology on questions of biological relevance.
Introduction to Mathias Uhlen's work
Mathias Uhlen's research is focused on protein science, antibody engineering and precision medicine and ranges from basic research in human and microbial biology to more applied research, including clinical applications in cancer, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and neurobiology. Since 2003, he has led an international effort to systematically map the human proteome and transcriptome to create a Human Protein Atlas using antibodies and various omics technologies. This effort has so far resulted in the Tissue Atlas (2015) showing the distribution of proteins across human tissues and organs, the Cell Atlas (2016) showing the subcellular location of human proteins in single cells and the Pathology Atlas (2017) showing how cancer patient survival is tied to RNA and protein levels.
Lab webpage: www.proteinatlas.org
Two recent/key papers:
Uhlen, M. et al. (2015 Tissue-based map of the human proteome. Science 347,1260419, doi: 10.1126/science.1260419
Uhlen, M. et al (2017) A pathology atlas of the human cancer transcriptome. Science 357, eaan2507, doi: 10.1126/science.aan2507
More information on the FEBS Sir Hans Krebs medal and plenary lecture at the 44th FEBS Congress
The Sir Hans Krebs medal is awarded annually by FEBS for outstanding achievements in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology or related sciences: https://www.febs.org/our-activities/awards/medals/
Mathias Uhlen will be presented with the medal at the 44th FEBS Congress in Krakow, Poland on Monday 8th July where he will deliver a lecture on 'The Human Protein Atlas – implications for human biology, drug development and precision medicine': 2019.febscongress.org
Top image of post: Photo from the Human Protein Atlas: Olfactory bulb of the mouse brain. Source: Jan Mulder, SciLIfeLab, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sara Linse: "I really love working in the lab"
Back to RESEARCH
The FEBS Journal's Focus Issue on Single‐Cell Analyses
'FEBS Communications' posts general items from the FEBS Network Team as well as news on FEBS events and other activities.
The 2019 FEBS Congress Special Issue
FEBS Letters
Gunter Meister: "We are currently experiencing a really exciting period of RNA biology"
The FEBS Journal

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Anboto (Amboto en castellà) és una muntanya de Biscaia, País Basc, de 1.331 msnm. És una de les muntanyes més rellevants d'Euskal Herria, no sols per la seva importància geogràfica, sinó també per la seva importància cultural. En ella la mitologia basca fixa l'estatge principal de la Dama d'Anboto, Mari, convertint-la en una muntanya gairebé sagrada.

Descripció
És la major altitud de la Serra d'Anboto o Muntanyes del Duranguesat, coneguts també com "La petita Suïssa", que formen part del Parc Natural d'Urkiola. És una immensa mole de calcària arrecifal molt compacta i de color gris clar, que conté restes de corall colonial massius i grans petxines de rudics i ostreics. La serra, situada a l'Est del parc, recorre aquest en direcció nord-oest-sud-est, situant-se el cim de l'Anboto en el seu extrem oriental.

Per la cara nord, la que treu el cap sobre la vall d'Arrazola, el desnivell és considerable, uns 1.000m, en alguns casos oberts en penya-segats com els que es contemplen en la mateixa boca de la cova de Mari, des de l'Ull de lEzkilar o des del de Bentanetan, la gran canal coneguda com a Artaungo sakona. És aquí on està la famosa cara est. Famosa per la seva verticalitat; en ella, se situa la Mariurrika Kobea (o Mariren Koba), l'estatge de Mari, i s'han obert nombroses vies d'escalada, entre les quals es pot destacar l'Est clàssica (M.D. sup, A2, 300 m) o Kanterarik ez (no a la pedrera) (I.D.inf, 400 m).

La cara sud descendeix més suaument cap al port d'Urkiola, amb menys desnivells, per on s'obren les rutes més populars d'ascens al cim. A l'est forma un bonic serral amb l'Ipizte, anomenat Zabalandi (900 m), des d'on s'alça, impressionant, la mole grisa que forma el seu cim, posant fi, per aquest costat, al seu creatal, que s'inicia en el costat oest amb l'Alluitz.

La seva ascensió, que es pot realitzar per qualsevol de les seves cares, requereix en tots els casos certs cures en discórrer prop dels penya-segats amb impressionants patis.

Anboto, juntament amb la serra a la qual pertany, és un dels cims més característics i conegudes de Biscaia i del País Basc. En el seu cim hi ha un vèrtex geodèsic de segon ordre.

Mitologia
Anboto ha estat sempre envoltada en la màgia i en la mitologia. No en va, segons la llegenda, en una cova propera al seu cim, en la paret rocosa de la seva part est, té el seu estatge principal Mari, la Dama d'Anboto, i diuen que se la sol veure en la boca de la cova els dies de bon temps, pentinant la seva bonica cabellera rossa amb una pinta d'or, al sol. No és rar tampoc el veure-la passar algunes nits com una gran bola de foc sobre el cel d'Anboto, cap a altres llocs del País Basc on posseeix habitada o al proper Oiz. Depenent d'on es trobi, hi haurà bon o mal temps.

La imponent bretxa de parets verticals que es forma entre l'Azkillar i el mateix cim d'Anboto, amb penya-segats verticals de més de tres-cents metres de desnivell, està repleta de cavitats, ulls i coves. Els ulls d'Azkillar i Bentanetan són visibles des de la vall d'Arrazola; el de Bentanetan tanca el vèrtex de l'enorme canal d'Artaungo sakona en la seva part superior.

En la paret aquest, just sota el cim, gairebé inaccessible (per arribar-hi cal caminar per una petita cartel·la que es forma en la paret, la qual té un parell de passos dignes de ser salvats degudament encordats -se sol posar un passamans-), a més de 1.000 m d'altitud s'obre la boca de la cova Mariurrika Kobea, on la mitologia ha situat l'estatge principal de Mari. Una boca àmplia en altura, que mitjançant un petit passadís ens condueix a una sala ben il·luminada per una finestra que s'obre, directament, al penya-segat.

Una mostra de la influència mitològica d'aquesta muntanya ens la dona el text de l'ardiaca Pedro Fernández de Villegas, que va escriure sobre 1510 el següent:
La influència d'aquestes creences en els processos inquisitorials practicats a Durango en 1500 per heretgia, en els que van ser condemnades a la foguera deu dones, conegudes com a las durangas, i un home (i cremats els ossos d'unes altres sis mortes) va ser rellevant.

Ascensos

Les rutes d'ascens al mític cim d'Anboto es pot realitzar des dels quatre punts cardinals, les seves parets, els seus crestals i penya-segats són salvables si es fa amb cura.

Tantes rutes d'ascens donen també una enorme varietat en les seves característiques, des de les més simples on el desnivell acumulat és de 600 m fins a les més exigents amb desnivells d'1.100 m. La roca calcària, en molts llocs formant alguna petita pedrera, és la que conforma qualsevol de les rutes existents, com l'omnipresent penya-segat.

Dos són els llocs principals per començar les accessions, l'entorn del santuari dels Santos Antonios de Urkiola, que aquesta a 730 msnm, i la vall d'Arrazola, que se situa a 250 m. També es pot accedir des d'Otxandio, que està a 549 m, i Aramaio que se situa a 312 m a través del serral de Zabalandi.

Des d'Urkiola.
Les vies més utilitzades, per ser les més senzilles quant al desnivell a salvar, són les que parteixen des d'Urkiola. Una vegada en el santuari dels Santos Antonios se segueix el camí que es dirigeix a Urkiolamendi (1.009 m) o la pista que l'envolta i que condueix fins al serral d'Asuntze, que es troba a una altitud de 870 msnm i on hi ha una font d'aigua fèrrica que es coneix amb el nom de Pol-Pol, nom que es va estenent a tot el seu entorn.

Des dAsuntze es poden seguir dos camins diferents per accedir per tres vies fins al cim.

 La via més utilitzada és la que seguint la pista cap a la dreta a peu de la mole calcària, cap a Zabalandi, arribem al serral de Pagozelai (970 m), on comencem, ficant-nos en la fageda, a remuntar el vessant pedregós d'Arrueta, just sota Saitze Puntie, fins a arribar al serral di Aguindi o Amboto Sakona Urkulu (1.227 m) ja al crestal. El cim, que queda a l'oest, s'assoleix seguint la cresta.

 Si se segueix la pista fins al serral de Zabalaundi (896 m) quan arribem a est, format entre l'Anboto i Ipizte, ens trobem amb la mole calcària que conforma el cim just damunt de nosaltres. És en aquesta vista d'Anboto on alguns li veuen una certa semblança amb el Cervino. Des d'allí, seguint les marques vermelles i blanques o les fites existents, o simplement el camí més marcat, es va ascendint, en una forta pujada, cap al cim, seguint la línia de l'esperó d'Azkilar o Eskilar i podent pujar-hi i visitar el seu ull. Quan l'esperó es troba amb el mateix cim d'Anboto trobem l'ull Bentanetan, que crida l'atenció per la vista que deixa veure: tot el tallat des de la seva part superior. En aquest punt, a mà esquerra de l'ull, hi ha una petita cova que comunica amb l'interior. L'ascens segueix fins a arribar al crestal, que cal seguir cap a l'esquerra per arribar al cim. Aquesta ruta és dura, en ascendir en molt poc tram els més de 300 m de desnivell.

 Des d'Asuntze es pot accedir molt fàcilment al serral de Larrano, que es troba a 900 msnm. Aquest serral és el que separa la part d'Alluitz de la de'Anboto. Des d'aquí i seguint el crestal cap a l'oest, anem conquistant els diferents cims que la componen: Kurutzeta (1.214 m), Elgoin (1.246 m) i Saitze Puntie (1.242 m) fins a arribar al collat d'Aguindi, on s'ajunta amb la ruta que ve pujant pel vessant. El cim queda ja proper.

Des d'Arrazola.

Des de la vall d'Arrazola es poden fer, principalment, tres diferents rutes; totes elles salven més de 1.000 m de desnivell. Les que van per la part aquest arriben al serral de Larrano; les de la part oest al de *Zabalandi, i les centrals prenen com a referència l'aresta del Frare o Fraile Atxa, de 972 m d'altitud.

 Per Larrano:
Des del barri atxondarra d'Axpe, dels seus voltants, es pot accedir al serral de Larrano. Hi ha diversos camins que ens hi portenl, des de la pista que comunica aquest barri amb el de Mendiola d'Abadiño per Sagasta. Una vegada pujada s'arriba al pla. Hi ha una desviació a l'esquerra que ens deixa al peu de l'Alluitz; d'allí solament cal seguir el camí que surt a l'esquerra per arribar, una vegada de travessar un bosc de fajos i pujar per una canal, al vessant del Larrano, que es venç, arribant al serral. Des del serral se segueix el crestal fins al cim.

A Larrano també s'arriba des de Marzana per un camí que surt a l'esquerra de la carretera a Axpe, gens més travessar l'antiga via fèrria, avui passeig per als vianants, sobre una petita font fèrrica. I des del mateix Axpe, pujant per la carretera que puja al cementiri i a l'hotel Mendi Goikoa, solament cal seguir el camí que s'endinsa cap a la mole calcària, per arribar, una vegada al seu peu i superada el vessant, al serral de Larrano.

 Per Fraile atxa o Amboto Sakona;
Des de l'Arrazola es pren cap a la dreta el camí que condueix al paratge d'Intxartxueta, para, seguint la pista, posar-nos al peu de la gran *mole de Fraile Atxa o Bec del Frare (si seguim aquesta pista cap a la dreta arribarem al serral de Larrano). Avancem fins a situar-nos dins de lAnboto Sakona (literalment "el profund d'Anboto") i comencem a ascendir la gran pendent. Aquesta ruta és la més abrupta de totes, que ens portarà, accedint per una canal entre Frailea i Anboto, fins al serral d'Aguindi, prop dels 1.200 m d'altitud, a prop ja del cim. Només cal seguir aquesta petita cresta per accedir al cim. La baixada per aquesta ruta, pel seu gran pendent, comporta perill, sobretot amb terreny humit o nevat. L'esperó de Fraile Atxa pot ser també escalat per les seves dues cares d'escalada, poc difícil però llarga i treballosa (P.D.*inf.).

Des d'aquest serral es pot arribar a Mariurrika Kobea, és a dir, la cova de Mari, la deessa reina de la mitologia basca. Només cal seguir a l'esquerra la petita sendera que ens condueix, sota el cim, fins a la paret vertical en la qual se situa la cavitat. Quan arribem a la vora d'aquesta, un túnel natural ens permet accedir al penya-segat. D'allí, per una sendera estreta i perillosa que en alguns llocs penja sobre el gran pati recomanant la utilització de cordes que assegurin el pas, s'accedeix a la boca, oculta per quedar en un rebaix de la roca, de l'estatge principal d'aquesta deessa fonamental en les creences antigues d'Euskal Herria.

 Per Zabalandi:
Des d'Arrazola podem accedir al serral de Zabalandi per dues rutes diferents: una d'elles forma part de la sendera de Petit recorregut PR-BI 201.1 que s'uneix amb el GR-123, i l'altra és la variant d'aquest mateix PR; és la PR-BI 201.2, que s'uneix al de Gran Recorregut, GR-12.

Per seguir la ruta PR-BI 201.1 se surt d'Arrazola i s'arriba al serral de Zumela, just al costat d'Andasto, sota l'Ipizte. Aquesta ruta segueix el rierol Errekaundi i discorre per una antiga calçada que utilitzaven els residents de la vall d'Atxondo per pujar a Urkiola. Se surt de l'església d'Arrazola cap al caseriu Iturriza i se segueix a l'esquerra en direcció sud. Al costat del caseriu Agerre gane s'abandona la carretera asfaltada, seguint a la dreta una pista cap al sud per arribar al dipòsit d'aigües, des d'on seguim una àmplia pista girant a l'esquerra per arribar a una font al costat d'una broda Bidegurutzeta, i d'allí, pujant, arribem a la Mendiko borda, on s'aprecien les restes de la calçada que ens conduirà fins a dalt. Passem per una fageda i creuem diverses vegades el rierol Errekaundi, perdent més amunt la calçada, per arribar, després de fer ziga-zaga per la fageda, al serral Andasto, quedant a l'esquerra el seu cim rocós (817 msnm). La senda s'uneix a la qual ve del Besaide i que condueix a Zabalandi, portant-nos fins al serral que queda al peu de la mole calcària d'Anboto. Des d'allí se segueix la ruta ja indicada.

Per seguir la ruta PR-BI 201.2 sortim d'Arrazola dirigint-nos al caseriu Iturriza i d'allí, per la dreta, anem fins a Atxeko, seguint direcció sud-est. Passem una tanca i, entre pins, ascendim en direcció sud-oest. Deixem la pista i per una senda a l'esquerra ens introduïm en una pineda que en fort pendent ens deixa en el serral d'Aizpuru, des d'on, en direcció sud, anem caminant per la cresta Eluberteko gana, arribant a la cova Artaungo sakona, la gran canal que es forma entre Anboto i Azkillar. Girant a la dreta i pujant de nou arribem al serral de Zabalandi, i d'allí, per la ruta ja assenyalada, al cim.Temps d'accés: '''
 Urquiola (2h).
 Atxarte (4h, cresta integral).
 Atxarte (2h 30m, per Asuntze).
 Aramayona (3h).
 Arrazola(2h 15m, cara N.).
 Arrazola (3h, per Zabalaundi).

Referències

Enllaços externs

 Parc Natural d'Urkiola
 Anboto a mendiak.net

Geografia de Biscaia


The Fall River Area Chamber of Commerce presented My Brother's Keeper with the John S. Brayton Jr. Community Service Award at a banquet held at White's of Westport on June 18th.
The award recognizes outstanding individuals and organizations who go above and beyond in contributing to the South Coast community and demonstrate excellence, creativity and initiative in their work.
Our work on the South Coast has exceeded all our expectations to date. We completed our 1,000th furniture delivery from the Dartmouth facility in April, nearly 12 months ahead of schedule; we have accepted referrals from 70 South Coast charities; and we have hosted more than 1,000 volunteers, including 650 students from 40 schools.


text:
Home » Standard Politics News Channel » Politics Standard News » Asia-Pacific Politics » North Korea Politics » Kim Jong-un Appoints New Artillery Military Commander
Kim Jong-un Appoints New Artillery Military Commander
"Pyongyang has named army general Pak Jong Chon as the "Chief of the General Staff of the Korean People's Army," said the official North Korean Central News Agency (KCNA).
North Korea's Kim Jong-un appoints a new military commander with expertise in artillery, as it presses ahead with its nuclear weapons program while prospects of denuclearization talks with the US appear to be "disappointing."Pyongyang has named army general Pak Jong Chon as the "Chief of the General Staff of the Korean People's Army," said the official North Korean Central News Agency (KCNA).
It said that the decision was announced during a meeting attended by leader Kim Jong-un.
Pak succeeds Ri Yong Gil, who is an expert on military operations.
The new appointment has raised speculations that Pyongyang was planning to focus on new weapons development, according to Ahn Chan-il, a North Korean defector and researcher in South Korea's capital, Seoul.
He also said that Pyongyang was particularly threatened by the South's acquisition of US F-35 stealth fighter jets earlier this year.
"It is also notable that Pak accompanied Kim during the North's test-firing of its new weapons," he said, while referring to a test-fire of what Pyongyang described as "new-type tactical guided missiles" in August.
The new military chief was also present when Kim oversaw the test of a "newly developed large-caliber multiple launch guided rocket system" in July, KCNA reported at the time.
North Korea Fires Projectiles Toward the Sea – South Korea's Military Says
Trump Downplays North Korea's New Missile Launch
Kim Jong Un Says Not Interested in Meaningless Talks With Boasting Trump
Confirmed: North Korea Test-Fired New Multiple Rocket Launcher to Destroy Enemy Targets in Surprise Attacks
Kim Jong Un to Unveil New 'Strategic Weapon'
North Korea Lashes Out At Mike Pompeo Over Comments on Pyongyang's 'Rogue Behaviour'
"With him as the North's top military officer, it's more likely that Pyongyang will prioritize artillery along with its new weapons system," Ahn added.
Pak's promotion from head of the Korean People's Army's Artillery Command came at a time when working-level talks between the North and the US remain stalled, as they have been since the failure of the second summit between President Donald Trump and Kim in Vietnam.
Following the failure of the summit, the North repeatedly warned that it was considering ending talks on denuclearization and resuming its nuclear and missile tests over what it described as "the gangster-like stand" of the US
Pyongyang also warned last week that its expectations for an agreement with Washington were "disappearing."
Washington has so far refused to offer any sanctions relief in return for several unilateral steps already taken by North Korea. Pyongyang has also demolished at least one nuclear test site and agreed to allow international inspectors into a missile engine test facility.
Kim Jong Un Orders 'Military Countermeasures'
Kim Jong Un Orders North Korea's Military and Diplomats to Prepare 'Offensive Measures' to Protect the Country's Security and Sovereignty
On: 7 September, 2019
Tagged: Artillery, Kim Jong Un, Military, North Korea
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text:
Deviant Behaviour in the Workplace
A STUDY OF CHARGING PRACTICES AMONG PRIVATE HIRE TAXI DRIVERS IN MANCHESTER.
The paper is structured as follows. The next chapter presents theories of deviant behaviour in the work place and the theories on the rationale of this topic. Then chapter two describes the data and methods before chapter three, which present and discusses the results. Chapter four concludes the dissertation.
The purpose of this dissertation was to provide a focused and original study of deviant behaviour among hackney carriage taxi drivers in relation to their charging methods. One can argue that this is a known reality yet to be authenticated by academic research. Therefore, the rationale for this specific subject area was due to the understated relevance and importance of deviant taxi charging methods and the stealthy cost implications to society as whole.
Findings were obtained by taking a specified amount of journeys from Manchester Piccadilly Train Station to various locations in the Fallowfield. (This is provided in greater detail in Chapter 3- Methods.) Hackney carriage taxi drivers were used as the object of study due to the designated taxi rank which they dominate and operate from and to the train station.
In order to understand the context of research it is important to identify the two main types of taxi service in the UK, private hire taxis and hackney carriages. According to Transport for London, private hire taxis are not restricted as to where they can work and can only undertake advanced bookings made through a licensed operator. Whereas hackney carriages, better known as black cabs, can be hailed in the street alternatively they can be found waiting at a taxi rank.
Licensing, regulations and fares for both private taxi services and the hackney carriage service are set by the local council borough. Thus, findings discovered by this investigation would therefore be of use to the Manchester City Council Licensing Borough as significant discoveries in deviant charging practices reflect the efficacy of their monitoring and regulation policies.
The dissertation therefore recommends that significant deviant findings be used by the local council as an indication to conduct or support further research in order to help adjust or create policies which better monitor and regulate the industry.
Employee deviance is a major problem for corporate owners and mangers. It is the nemesis to employee integrity which Jones and Terris (1991) claim to be an important tool in the effective functioning and productivity of organisations and in the case of this dissertation, the Manchester City Council Licensing Department. It is no surprise therefore, that the issue of employee deviance is one of vast research, definition, and measurement.
The dissertation used Robinson and Bennett's definition and strands of employee deviant behaviour formed the basis of research as it proved to be the most concise and applicable to the research. It is defined as "voluntary behaviour that violates significant organizational norms and in so doing threatens the well-being of an organization, its members, or both." Robinson and Bennett went onto to categorise employee deviance further by defining various other strands. The two main strands which feature in the literature review are product deviance and property deviance.
The former is the violation of the quality and quantity of work, the latter involves the unauthorized acquisition and or damage of company property or staff.
Reports have shown that the aforementioned forms of deviant behaviour exist within the taxi industry, although little academic research in the UK has been undertaken regarding this. According to various local news reports and the HSL taxi drivers are victims or deviant behaviour described by Robinson and Bennett, in terms of property deviance for example, theft or attempted theft, verbal and physical assault. Although there is no or little UK evidence regarding product deviance committed by taxi drivers, there is also evidence to suggest that deviant behaviour has been committed by taxi drivers in the category of property deviance, where the victims were passengers and the offences were verbal, physical or sexual assault. These behaviours and evidences are discussed in the next chapter, the literature review.
In summary, the aim of the study was to provide real findings to validate a known but unproven reality and theory. This theory is that deviant taxi driver charging practices exists within the industry, that it is based on their knowledge of the city in which they operate and the perceived ignorance of their passengers. Therefore, objectives of the dissertation were three fold, to study the nature of deviant charging practices and the motives for their practices and to provide any recommendations regarding the regulation of the taxi industry in light of the findings.
The preceding Chapter, the Literature Review, provides a critical analysis of deviant behaviour theories. It also, provides evidence regarding the deviant behaviour committed by taxi drivers and balances the view by discussing deviant behaviour committed against taxi drivers. The chapter is a culmination of how the theory of charging practices as a form of deviant behaviour in taxis came about.
Employee deviance is a subject which has been widely defined and thus has many forms. Kidder referred to it as misconduct and went on to disclose the various other definitions by which it also known such as called detrimental behaviours, anti-social behaviours, counter-productive behaviours. The issue that researchers have discovered is not the terminology but the growth of deviant behaviours in recent years. Kidder noted that such workplace behaviours have not only grown in frequency and typology but in severity also. Examples of these behaviours easily range from spending an extra 5 minutes on break to workplace homicide. This dissertation avoided the difficulties posed by the loose and varying definitions of employee deviance by has focusing on a type and career specific form of deviant behaviour. The hopes were that this clear and comprehensive research would instigate wider research to eventually measure and ultimately manage the levels and types of employee deviances within the taxi industry.
Further interpretations of deviant behaviour can be taken from Robinson & Bennett, 1995. They confirm its complexity by describing "employee deviance" as a term which encompasses a very diverse set of loosely related behaviours. In addition Bolin and Heatherly stated that most research in this area has not addressed the complexity of employee deviance and its relationship with attitudes. As a result, little information is available that evaluates the relative effectiveness of different attitudes in predicting each of several types of employee deviance.
Boye and Slora defined acts of employee deviance as follows: arguing or fighting with customers, doing slow or sloppy work on purpose, and not reporting various types of theft. More importantly Boye and Slora stated that the complexity of employee deviance, in its various forms extents and definitions has resulted in the prevalence of many types of on-the-job theft and counterproductive behaviour, also making it very difficult to assess.
After reading the ample research on employee deviance it can be said that the majority of research is simply putting a new label on an old package. That is, many researchers have simply found different ways to title the same topic. For the reasons mentioned above, this research has avoided complexities by using one, widely acknowledged definition of deviant behaviour.
Robinson and Bennett (1995) I believe have provided the most complete definition of deviant behaviour. This definition has been cited by many other researchers and used as the framework on which they base research. In "A Typology of Deviant Workplace Behaviours: A Multidimensional Scaling Study" Robinson and Bennett classify employee deviance into two groups.
1. Organizational deviance and 2. Interpersonal deviance. They then go onto classify the different form of deviance within these groups which I have depicted below.
Employee deviance
(Counter-productive behaviour)
Interpersonal deviance
Political deviance
Personal aggression
Organisational deviance
Production deviance
Property deviance
Robinson and Bennett define production deviance as behaviours that violate organisation norms regarding the minimum quality and quantity of work to be accomplished. E.g. leaving early, procrastinating and wasting resources.
Property deviance is defined as instances when employees acquire or damage the tangible property or assets of the work organisation without authorisation. E.g. stealing from company, sabotaging equipment.
In terms of interpersonal deviance, Robinson and Bennett define political deviance as social interaction that puts other individuals at personal or political disadvantage. E.g. competing non-beneficially or gossiping about co-workers. More severe deviances such as sexual harassment or verbal abuse were deemed as acts of personal aggression.
Other types of deviance have also been established by other researcher; however they also fall into the classification already outlined by Robinson and Bennett, for instance;
Employee theft- Hollinger and Clarke (1983)
Absenteeism- Johns (1997)
Forms of aggression- Folgern and Baron (1996)
The interpersonal deviant behaviour mentioned above, was investigated by the HSL in a recent study of "Workplace Violence to Lone Working Staff". The focus of the report was to establish how organisations could manage this risk to their staff and the findings were presented in a set of case studies.
The case study which is of relevance here is that of work related violence (or interpersonal deviant behaviour) against taxi drivers. The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) reported that this was a real and growing problem in which certain aspects of the taxi drivers' work expose them to the risk of violence from the public. These include carrying money in the cab (or the public perception that the driver is carrying money), drunken and disorderly behaviour, and working late at night or early in the morning.
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The HSL case study also revealed that the members of the taxi organisations they had talked to had experienced robberies involving a variety of weapons, and verbal abuse and aggressive behaviour by passengers. Furthermore, the consequences of these forms of deviant behaviour were taxi driver injuries, depression, and in the worst case death. The HSL concluded that prevention was the key and that the use of violence prevention methods increased drivers' confidence and enabled self-employed drivers to continue to work with minimum risks to their health and safety.
However when looking into deviant behaviour committed by taxi drivers, news reports often referred to severe acts of interpersonal violence, primarily sexual assault. However, it is important to add here that the majority of cases reported in the news were of bogus taxi drivers, that it unlicensed vehicles posing as official taxi services at night. One of the biggest barriers to understanding the problem of interpersonal deviant behaviour by bogus or real taxi drivers is than lack of data specifically collected on the crime. There is the problem of under-reporting especially given the sensitivity of some of the offences committed. These offences show a major weakness in the regulation of the taxi service, as it is appears easy to imitate leaving the public at risk from rogue taxi drivers. Also, there is a lack of supported evidence and research to address fully addresses the problem. However, initiatives such a marshalled taxi ranks at night (allows customers) in Manchester not only confirm that this problem is real and that measures are also being taken to ensure passenger and driver safety.
The remainder of this chapter is a review of the theories that have attempted to explain the rationale of deviant behaviours. A summary my recommendations and hypothesis concludes this chapter of the dissertation.
Robinson and Bennett's definition and categorisation of employee deviance was used as the framework for this research. However, in understanding the rationale behind the behaviour I found other models to be better and suited more applicable given the nature of topic of the research.
Robinson and Bennett categorised the rationale for deviant behaviour into various factors, the main being, motivation e.g. stress and boredom, organisational constraints e.g. poor working conditions, inadequate training and justice perceptions e.g. fairness and rewarding. Their research established that the rational for the behaviour could be identified by observing the link between the relationship between these factors above and employee deviant behaviour.
……also cited unfairness a potent rationale for employee deviant behaviour and according to be widely regarded to be among the most. …also reported that the research of Greenberg, 1990, 1993b has specifically shown that employees are inclined to steal company property when they feel underpaid for the work they do.
According to Rickman and Wittz, criminological and psychological theories have each postulated a main determinant for employee deviance; a conscience model and an impulse model respectively. The conscious model stipulates that employee deviance in terms of crime is motivated by the deviant's degree of apathy towards acting illegally. The impulse control model stipulates that the above is due to when employees assess that the gains from crime is greater than the potential cost.
Thus far dissatisfaction at work is a broad summation of one of the rationale researchers have identified regarding deviant employee behaviour. This dissatisfaction at work included the sense of working conditions, unfairness in job reward or earnings, as mentioned by Robinson, Bennett and Greenberg. However, this estimation is too broad a theory to identify the rational for deviant charging practises among taxi drivers.
The theories best applicable to the research of deviant behaviour among taxi drivers have been identified by various schools of thought. For example in Coyne and Bartram's Personnel managers' perceptions of dishonesty in the workplace, it is noted that previous research has indicated that honesty and integrity were most important cue for managers were assessing counter productivity.
Also in,…… Rousseau and McLean Parks, (1993) agency theory is rooted in the economic assumptions of self-interested behaviour and utility maximization. That is, s employees will always shirk or misrepresent their capabilities if they can get away with it .
According to Cornish (1993) employee deviance is the result of opportunism. It links the likeliness of employee deviance occurring to when subjects are confident that the risks in being detected were small. Nagin et al. (2002) also use 'rational cheater' model to explain deviant behaviour. It assumes that employees and employers commit and monitor crime on the basis of a familiar cost–benefit calculus; where the immediacy of gains from crime outweighs any long term potential costs.
Therefore my theory is that taxi drivers would be likely to charge non locals more for the journey within the city. This is because the likeliness of detection is small if the assumed "foreign" passenger is unfamiliar with local routes. Therefore, the rationale to cheat is great due to the high chance of getting away with it. This therefore covers the issues of opportunism, dishonesty and self ma
For this dissertation there are no contemporary works that can be drawn on the analysis of why and how taxi drivers impose different fares on different passengers.
Economists may argue that this is a form of price discrimination which is defined as
"the ability for a supplier to sell the same product or service in a number of different markets at different prices" For the purpose of this discussion, the "supplier" being the taxi driver, "service" being the transport and the "different markets" refers to the different types of passengers. Although taxi services are normally regulated by the associated local authorities or boroughs discrepancies still exist especially in regards to tariffs, which this dissertation investigated. This dissertation has therefore been based on actual research. The chosen areas for the actual research were Fallowfield and the Piccadilly train station in Manchester. The population of Manchester in …. was ……., while the student population was …….Fallowfield Manchester has a population of …… with the percentage of its student population being …..%.
The two main transport facilities within Fallowfield are bus and taxi.
There are no tram or train facilities from Fallowfield to the city centre.
The questionnaire
Some practitioners would reserve the term 'questionnaires' exclusively for self-administered and postal questionnaires, while others would include interview schedules which are administered face to face or by telephone under the general rubric of 'questionnaires' (Oppenheim, 1992). A questionnaire is an important instrument for research and a tool for data collection.
Without doubt, the postal questionnaire is generally cheaper than other methods. 'Questionnaires can be sent through mail; interviews cannot', in the startling words of Selltiz (1959). It also has low cost of processing such as stamps and it avoids interview bias. Moreover, it has the ability to reach respondents who live at widely dispersed addresses or abroad. Alternatively, questionnaires can be distributed electronically through emails with even lower delivery costs. If this is the case, responses can be very quick and efficient. This however depends on the willingness of the potential respondents whether to respond or not.
Hence, the weaknesses of the method is that there is generally low response rates and consequent biases. Potential respondents are more likely to respond to questionnaires given the fact that they have perceived interests or importance in the subject of the questionnaires otherwise they will be unlikely to respond. Even with a well planned questionnaire using follow up request letters and telephone calls, the response rates can remain very low. Heberlein (1978) has found that responses to the government sponsored surveys to be higher may be due to the fact that, information transmitted to the government may have a direct effect on the individual or on other similar individuals through policy changes. Besides that, employees may respond to a survey if it were to be concerned with their livelihood. On the contrary, low importance would explain why market research surveys net lower returns. This is because of potential respondents' perceived information about one's demographic characteristics, used to benefit a firm may not strike as particularly important to them. It is equally more difficult to make appeals or sample to specific self-interest or specialised questionnaire content, for example, from driver's licenses or voter registration lists. Although it is possible to achieve high response rates from general populations, but there is an initial inertia which must be overcome.
In addition, postal questionnaires are also unsuitable for respondents with poor literacy and who are visually handicapped. Thus, message cannot be conveyed and there will be a communication failure. It is also inappropriate for people with language difficulties such as children below ten or people who are in a very old age. Lack of control over the order in which questions are answered, inability to check on incomplete responses, incomplete questionnaires or the passing on of questionnaires to others can also be problematic thus results from questionnaires can be far from accurate. A busy executive, for instance may ask his personal assistant to complete the questionnaire on his behalf therefore answers may not reflect the true performance pertaining to the study of the subject. There is also no opportunity to collect ratings or assessments based on observations.
Read also Strategic management an ongoing process that assesses business
Despite the fact that the length of the questionnaire is considered as a cost barrier to be avoided if at all possible, longer questionnaires may impress the potential respondent with the importance of his inputs. While discarding 20 pages of questions is depriving the investigator of a good deal of information, tossing a one page instrument may be relatively easy to do and convenient for respondent who is disadvantaged with time. Nevertheless, if the researcher has taken the time to compose 20 pages of questions, it is always assumed that the research is a serious matter, signalling importance to respondents therefore they will likely to complete the questionnaire forms. Consequently, this may outweigh the costs associated with the length of the questionnaire.
There is also concern with the fact that the questionnaire is difficult to complete even though it may be short. Furthermore, the potential respondent may be ambivalent or undecided about the alternatives when it comes to attitude questions which often involve a response choice. Such cognitive assertion may be sufficient cost to deter the individual from completing the questionnaire. Another potential cost for respondent is that the risks of that information asked for may invade privacy and implicate the individual. A useful way to overcome this problem is via anonymous procedures such as 'uncoded' questionnaires. Not returning a questionnaire can also incur costs. This not merely include costs of repeating mails or follow-up costs but also the costs of feeling the 'guilt' for not completing the questionnaire descended upon the potential respondent. This reflects the psychological cost of the individual which can have a negative effect. Employee's inability to respond to a company's survey may lead to follow ups from the company which will add to employee's stress of not complying thereby the fear of losing his job.
On the other hand, questionnaire interviews have a higher response rate therefore more effective in the information gathering or research. Incompleteness can be controlled, observations can be carried out and the interviews are useful in answering sequence. They also provide the opportunity to rate and correct misunderstandings. It is also a prolific mean when dealing with respondents with language and reading difficulties. Contrarily, interviews can be time-consuming and expensive to conduct and process, particularly when attempting to reach a wide dispersed sample. There will also be risks for interview biases. Essentially, in the case of the postal questionnaires on the contrary, biases can also exist because the respondent may conjure up an image or stereotype of the organisation which sent the questionnaire and may 'project' some kind of person or organisation behind the questions, and this may bias their responses.
The research interview
"Personal interviews are direct communications wherein interviews in face to face situations ask respondents questions. This versatile and flexible method is a two-way conversation between an interviewer and a respondent" (Zikmund, 1991, p:162). It can also be used in a variety of contexts and situations and in conjunction with other research methods. For example, problems which incorporated into questionnaire may be identified by preliminary interview. It can also form the basis of a later or more searching interview.
One of the benefits of personal interviews is the opportunity for feedback to the respondent. An example of this is where an interviewer whom could be a supervisor would be able to reassure the interviewee, whom is the employee that her answers will be strictly confidential. The interviewer may also provide feedback in clarifying any questions the employee has on the restrictions or questions. Respondents would also be acknowledged through some information regarding the purpose of study. This can be done more convincingly than a covering letter can. It can also clear up misunderstandings immediately and the researcher can re-word and re-order the questions, if something unexpected happens. In maintaining the control over the order or the sequence in which questions are answered, it can be assumed that the longer, the more difficult and the more open-ended the question schedule is, the more interviews method will be preferred.
Another gain of personal interviews may include the opportunity to probe. If a respondent's answer is brief or unclear, the researcher may ask for clarification or expansion of answers to standardised questions which is known as 'probing' for a clearer or more comprehensive explanation. Apart from allowing some flexibility, personal interview is useful to obtain unstructured information. Complex questions that cannot easily be asked through mail surveys or telephone can be handled by skilful interviewers.
Personal interviews may be the only alternative if the research objective requires an extremely lengthy questionnaire. While personal interviews last as long as one hour and a half, telephone interviews may only takes less than 20 minutes. Improved response rate is another advantage for using interviews method in taking into account postal questionnaire which may have less than 40% response rates. Furthermore, interview surveys may be less biased since it uses probability sampling rather than quota sampling used in postal questionnaire. The presence of an interviewer generally increases the number of people to complete the interview. Respondents sometimes enjoy sharing information and insights with friendly and sympathetic interviewers. Location of the interview to take place may include at the respondent's home or office. Increasingly, interviews have also taken place in shopping malls and the locale for the interviews usually influences the participation rate. In addition, door to door interviews provide a more representative sample of the population than mail questionnaires. For example, the ethnic minorities such as the Hispanics, regardless of education, frequently prefer to communicate through the spoken rather written word. Hence, interviews help to solve the problem of non-response mainly. However, the method, may under-represent or over-represent certain groups. Individuals living in multi-dwelling units with security systems, such as high-rise apartment dwellers may be excluded, similarly with busy executives who do not have time to participate in interviews at office hours.
Apart from that, interviews will reach less well-educated respondents or with reading difficulties more easily than questionnaires. Investigator can also show the respondent a resume, a new product sample, plan layout or some other visual aid when interviewing respondents face to face. In a survey to determine "super-lightweight" chain saw should be manufactured, visual props were necessary because the concept of weight is difficult to imagine. On the other hand, to survey the demand for various drinks, the researcher could get the interviewee to taste the different drinks and gave valuable opinions for the study as part of the research.
The first main drawback of the method is that respondents may not be anonymous and therefore may be reluctant to provide confidential information to another person. Interviews are also much more expensive than postal questionnaires which cost a little more than the expense of paper, the cost of two envelopes and stamps per subject and printing or duplicating costs. The total cost will become greater the larger or more dispersed the sample (Thorpe, 2002). Added to this are the travel and call backs costs. In the data processing stage, there is a major coding operation cost in terms of money and time to analyse the respondents' answers especially when it comes to open-ended questions.
What is more, interviews can be very time consuming, apart from having problem with briefing interviewers who may come from different backgrounds. As a result, length of interview, travelling to and from interview, transcription of tapes and notes must be considered. In contrast, only a small sample may be interviewed which may not be representative of the whole population. Interview bias is another reason for invalidity or unreliability of the method. This problem must be addressed throughout the interview to ensure that researchers will avoid personal views that will lead to bias creeping in when the interview information is being evaluated and interpreted. Ambiguous questions may confuse interviewers which may cause problems in collecting appropriate data thereby may lead to inconsistency and inaccuracy. For instance, in a consumer survey, simple term such as 'week' can be confusing as to what commence time should be decided on, for the term of 'this past week' (Oppenheim, 1997). Thus, pilot work has to be conducted and questions have to be discussed to avoid any misunderstandings.
The case study
The purpose of the case study is to obtain information from one or a few situations that are similar to the researcher's problem situation. It is a research strategy which focuses on understanding the dynamics present within single settings. Example of a case study research, include Pettigrew's (1973) research on decision making at a British retailer. Case studies can involve either single or multiple cases, and numerous levels of analysis (Yin, 1984). Apart from that, they can employ an embedded design, that is, multiple levels of analysis within a single study (Yin, 1984). Warwick study of competitiveness and strategic change within major UK corporations is conducted at two levels of analysis, which are industry and firm (Pettigrew, 1988) portrays an example of this form of case study. On the other hand, case studies typically combine data collection methods such as archives, interviews, questionnaires and observations. The evidences may be quantitative or qualitative. They can also be used to provide descriptions (Kidder, 1982), test theory (Pinfield, 1986) or generate theory (Gersick, 1988, Harris and Sutton, 1986).
Read also Analysis of organizational behavior critique
The primary advantage of the case study is that an entire organisation or entity can be investigated in depth and with meticulous attention to detail. This considerably focused attention enables researchers to carefully study the order of events as they occur or to concentrate on identifying the relationships among functions, individuals or entities. Case studies are suitable for explanatory research because such questions of how and why can be dealt with operational links needing to be traced over time rather than mere frequencies or incidence. This method can also be carried out by a single researcher. Conversely, the theory-building from cases will generate a novel theory. Creative insight often arises from the juxtaposition of contradictory or paradoxical evidence (Cameron and Quinn, 1988), which can be gained from drawing up a case study research. This is where attempts are made to reconcile evidence across cases, types of data, different investigators, between cases and literature which increase the likelihood of reframing into a new theoretical vision. Although it is assumed that the process is limited by investigator's preconceptions, however this is not necessarily true. This constant juxtaposition of conflicting realities tend to 'unfreeze' thinking, and so the theory from the process tend to be "less researcher bias than theory built from incremental studies or armchair, axiomatic deduction," (Eisenhardt, 1989). Furthermore, the emergent theory is likely to be tested with the hypotheses that can be proven false or constructs that can be readily measured from case study research. Apart from capable to evaluate theories, case study research is capable of producing a resultant theory that is more valid than other methods. This is because the theory-building process is intimately tied with evidence therefore the resultant theory will more likely to be consistent with empirical observation. Hence, researcher will not solely dependent on already published work, but will also generate empirical data and information. The data will be specific which concerns the study that the researcher wishes to carry out. Additionally, case study takes place in a natural setting within an actual organisation. This gives the elements of 'reality' which are normally absent from surveys and similar types of investigations. Because of the fact that it is not dependent on expensive technology, case study is also a relatively cheap method to be carried out.
One of the limitations of the case study is that it is often difficult to separate out what is unique to the organisation involved and what is common to similar organisations. The intensive use of empirical evidence can yield theory that can be overly complex. There is a temptation to build theory which tries to capture everything from the staggering volume of rich data that may not be related to the study. This will result the lack of simplicity of overall perspective. Since the researchers lose their sense of proportion as they confront the voluminous and vivid case data, they may be unable to assess which are the most important relationships for the study. It is also essential that the generalisations arise from the research carried out, rather than what the researcher think might be the case. There is always the danger that building theories from cases may result in a narrow and idiosyncratic theory. Eisenhardt and Bourgeois (1983) have fallen into this trap when they developed a mid-range theory of politics in high velocity environments. Similarly, Burgelman (1983) when proposing a model of new product ventures in large corporations. "Although these theories are testable, novel and valid, they do lack of the sweep of theories like resource dependence, population ecology and transaction costs", Eisenhardt, (1989), p: 547. Case study tends to be subjective but it is important that the researcher keeps the word 'objective' in mind. Since case study research attracts a vast volume of information, the analysis and interpretations need to be handled in a very systematic and logical way to maintain reliability.
In conclusion, it can be deduced that there is no best method to which a researcher can use without evaluating the options available which will be appropriate to the researcher's circumstances and the problem that need to be solved. In terms of less cost and time efficient, researchers may decide to use the questionnaire where questions can be cut short and the process required little time to conduct. However, the validity of the results is questionable due to bias in answering categories, for instance. While interviews may not necessarily avoid bias, it provides the freedom of spontaneity of the answers for respondents therefore assumed to be less crude compared to questionnaires. Hence, the respond rates tend to be higher. However, the process may demand more effort from respondents thus may conflict through the probability of unwillingness of respondents to respond to interviews unless if they have interests on the issues.
Different methods have different ways that provide pros and cons thereby it may be favourable to take up case study research which incorporates virtually all methods thus provide a sense of 'dynamic'. However, there is always the danger of 'too much information' that will somehow leads to researchers go astray. Nevertheless, the method has less bias and more valid due to evidence from empirical observations and the recognition of the relevance of human subjectivity. It however may not reflect the true purpose of the study due to 'idiosyncratic' behaviour of the researcher thus lack of rigour. Consequently, the question of whether the method is suitable or not totally dependant on the nature of the investigation whether it is convenient to proceed or not. Nonetheless, there are large overlaps among the different strategies despite their distinctive characteristics (Yin, 2003). Hence, gross misfits, that is scheduling to use one type of strategy but another is really more advantageous has to be avoided.
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'We are on the same page' - How bar plans to keep on top of noise this New Year's Eve
David Hannant
Adam Coulton, inset, organiser of the Rooftop Gardens' NYE party. Picture: Ibiza Brunch/Louisa Baldwin
Ibiza brunch/Louisa Baldwin
An events organiser has revealed the measures he is taking to ensure a New Year's Eve party in the city centre does not disturb its neighbours.
Adam Coulton, director of Ibiza Brunch, which will be hosting three summer parties at the Cliff Hotel in Gorleston next summer. Picture: Ibiza Brunch
In the past, promoters organising events at the Rooftop Gardens on Rose Lane in Norwich have struggled to keep neighbours happy, with noise from the venue penetrating into the homes of those living nearby.
However, as the venue gets prepared to see out 2019, the organiser of its celebrations has promised neighbours noise levels will be kept to an absolute minimum - and has revealed how he plans to do this.
Adam Coulton, who is involved in organising the annual Nearly Festival, has taken on the job of hosting New Year's Eve at the Rooftop Gardens, which will see the bar transformed into a Las Vegas-style casino.
And the venue will be equipped with high-tech decibel readers which will be monitored throughout the night to make sure noise is kept under control.
Mr Coulton, who organised an Ibiza night at the venue in October, said: "I have had many discussions and meetings with residents living nearby to get a grip of what levels are acceptable and how I can put on events that do not disturb them. I feel like we are now all on the same page.
"I am incredibly experienced in organising music events - it's what I do - and know how to keep events at respectable levels of noise."
In the past, events at the Rooftop Gardens have resulted in several complaints from neighbours about noise and earlier this year the venue was investigated over its events by the city council. However, Mr Coulton was not involved in organising any of the events that received complaints.
He said: "As New Year's Eve approaches I don't want people living nearby to worry about the events that have happened in the past. I am in a completely different world to what has happened in the past and know what is acceptable."
The event will see a variety of entertainment, including DJs, magic performances and a prize giveaway of a trip for two to Las Vegas.


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Knoxville student Caleb James Cate named 2021 BMS Dale Jr. Scholarship winner
2021 BMS Dale Jr Scholarship winner Caleb James Cate of Knoxville, Tenn.
It seems only fitting that the family of the winner of the 2021 Dale Earnhardt Jr. Scholarship has a long and colorful history in motorsports.
Caleb James Cate, a freshman at the University of Northwestern Ohio (UNOH) is the winner of the $2,088 Dale Earnhardt Jr. scholarship, established by Bristol Motor Speedway in 2017 to honor the retired NASCAR Cup star. Cate was selected from more than 75 students from 11 different colleges and universities who applied for the scholarship this year.
Cate's grandmother was a drag racer. So was his father. He, too is a drag racer, competing right up until the week before he left for school earlier this month.
"This is really a surprise. I'm definitely surprised I was able to get this," the Knoxville native said when he was told of the scholarship. "It's going to help me a lot. I'm trying to get all the scholarships I can get to help with school.
For the first time, Bristol Motor Speedway awarded two runner-up scholarships, each in the amount of $500. These were awarded to Benjamin Anton of Jefferson Hills, Pa. and Misgana Taye of Lima, Ohio. Both are also students at UNOH.
"We opened the Dale Jr. Scholarship up to college students this year and we had a great response with a record number of applicants," said Jerry Caldwell, executive vice president and general manager, Bristol Motor Speedway. "In fact, we had three great final candidates, so for the first time we awarded two runner-up awards. Our winner, Caleb James Cate from Knoxville, is a freshman at UNOH and certainly has a genuine interest in the automotive field and racing and his application stood out from all the rest. We are happy that this money will be able to benefit him as he pursues a future in the industry. We wish him the best of luck."
Like Earnhardt Jr., Cate was born into a racing family, albeit a family that raced in straight lines instead of circles.
Cate's grandmother, Cathey Cate was the first in the family to drive a race car, winning races in her 1966 Chevelle over a couple of decades in the Knoxville area. His great uncle turned wrenches on Top Fuel Dragsters that competed against legends like Don Garlits and Tommy Ivo. His dad began drag racing when he was 16.
And when Cates turned eight in the summer of 2011, his racing career began in a Junior Dragster, and he's been racing ever since. Along the way he inherited his grandmother's '66 Chevelle and raced that and in recent years has been running a 1985 Oldsmobile Cutlass in the Sportsman Division at Knoxville Dragway. He's been competitive throughout his career, winning races in every division he's run.
Cate is a student in UNOH's High Performance Automotive Program and hopes to become a member of the school's drag racing team.
Runner-up award winner Anton is also a racer, competing at a track near his home in Jefferson Hills, Pa. He is a member of UNOH's dirt racing team and drove their Thunder Stock car this past summer. He also is enrolled in a High Performance Automotive Program and hopes to be a fabricator when he graduates.
Ironically, Anton originally signed up to attend UNOH during a race at Bristol Motor Speedway when the college was recruiting during a race weekend.
Taye is originally from Southwest Virginia and graduated from Mountain Mission School in Grundy, where he took automotive classes. He is pursuing an associate degree in Diesel Technology at UNOH and a bachelor's degree in business.
BMS awards first Dale Earnhardt Jr. Scholarship
BMS Dale Jr. Scholarship available to regional...
Clavier and Homan named Dale Earnhardt Jr....


I love the game of basketball, as a fan, a player, and as a coach. I love being able to use the lessons that sports, more specifically basketball, has taught and apply them to other areas of life. Right now we're able to witness some of the greatest coaches in action, and one of them is Gregg Popovich of the San Antonio Spurs.
For those of you that follow the National Basketball Association (NBA), Coach Popovich is a household name. He is a great strategist as a coach, building a consistent, championship contending team year after year. But he's also been responsible for creating the culture for the Spurs organization, and the culture plays an important role in the building of his championship teams.
The Spurs and Gregg Popovich are great examples of leadership and team building is so many ways, but for right now I'd like to highlight this one example of how he dealt with his star player asking to be traded.
I sort of liken this situation to a disgruntled or unhappy employee looking for a new job. And when they're unhappy, half of the time it's because of the boss or manager, not necessarily the job or company.
In my experience, when an employee isn't happy, there aren't many managers that are willing to have multiple conversations with that employee and then step back and think about how they (as a manager) can change so that they can get the most out of that employee. But that's exactly what Coach Popovich did.
Coach sat down with his player numerous times, had an open and honest conversation with him and came to the conclusion that the reason why the player wasn't happy was because of bad coaching. Imagine that. A legendary coach, well respected throughout the league and beyond, admitting that bad coaching is what led to the players unhappiness and decline in productivity. When is the last time you've seen that happen in any other profession? Probably never. Or if it did happen, it wasn't public and it certainly wasn't made known to the employee it affected.
If you want to be a great leader and your team be willing to follow you and your direction, invest in your team, and remove your ego.


There are currently 2 homes available in Lake Redwine Plantation with an average price of $437,111. For availability or more information about homes for sale in Lake Redwine Plantation call Denise Clements at 678-466-2128 .
Lake Redwine Plantation is located in Newnan GA, Coweta County. There are currently 2 homes active and for sale inside the neighborhood with the average price being $437,111. The number of homes for sale in Lake Redwine Plantation is always changing so if you see a home you like and you would like to schedule a time to take a look please give me a call at 678-466-2128.


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Home / Posts tagged 'Arizona Wildcats'
2014 Free NCAA BB Tournament Picks: Wisconsin vs. Arizona, West Regional Final – March 28th, 2014
In Free College Basketball Picks	/ By Chad Dawkins	/ 28 March 2014
The two top seeds in the West region meet with a trip to the final four in North Texas on the line as the Wisconsin Badgers take on the Arizona Wildcats.
2014 Free NCAA BB Picks: Pac-12 Championship – UCLA vs #4 Arizona March 15, 2014
The #4 ranked Arizona Wildcats will look to cement their place as a #1 seed when they take on the UCLA Bruins in the Pac-12 championship on Saturday.
Beating the Football Vegas Odds: Arizona vs. USC October 10th
In Free College Football Picks	/ By Ryan Andrews	/ 7 October 2013
Do you trust USC at this point? I sure as heck don't. The Men of Troy had no offense in their first four games of the year and an awesome defense, and in the fifth game, the defense gave up more points than it did in the first four combined. I still don't trust QB Cody Kessler, and I really don't believe that it is going to get any better with Ed Oregeron calling the shots as opposed to Lane Kiffin.
Arizona vs. Washington Pick & Prediction 9/28/13
In Free College Football Picks	/ By Ryan Andrews	/ 27 September 2013
I've sat and watched as the 'total' in this game has crept higher and higher, and I'm at the point now that I'm ready to make a play on the 'under'. The Wildcats don't know what they are getting into in this game, playing against a Huskies team that has a defense that could surprisingly be one of the best in the Pac-12 this year.
Arizona Wildcats vs. UNLV Runnin' Rebels Free Pick 9/7/13
In Free College Football Picks	/ By Ryan Andrews	/ 7 September 2013
In all likelihood, the Rebels are going to be one of the sharpest plays on the board on Saturday, and that is only going to be made sharper by the fact that this is one of the last games of the evening on the CBS Sports Network. Proverbial chasers are going to hope that the Wildcats can just beat a lowly UNLV team by two touchdowns. I though, really do like what I saw out of the Rebs on Saturday against the Minnesota Golden Gophers.
Thursday NCAA Basketball Pick: Arizona vs. Ohio State 3/28/13
In Free College Basketball Picks	/ By Jerry Steele	/ 28 March 2013
The Arizona Wildcats vs. Ohio State Buckeyes picks are going to be tough to make on Thursday, but here at TCSP, we have all of the answers for your NCAA basketball picks.