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Home Application-development Python Geospatial Development - Third Edition
Python Geospatial Development - Third Edition
By Erik Westra
Geospatial Development Using Python
Geospatial development
Applications of geospatial development
Core GIS concepts
GIS data formats
Working with GIS data manually
Python Libraries for Geospatial Development
Reading and writing geospatial data
Dealing with projections
Analyzing and manipulating Geospatial data
Visualizing geospatial data
Sources of Geospatial Data
Sources of geospatial data in vector format
Sources of geospatial data in raster format
Sources of other types of geospatial data
Choosing your geospatial data source
Working with Geospatial Data in Python
Working with geospatial data
Changing datums and projections
Performing geospatial calculations
Converting and standardizing units of geometry and distance
Spatially-enabled databases
Spatial indexes
Introducing PostGIS
Setting up a database
Using PostGIS
Recommended best practices
Using Python and Mapnik to Generate Maps
Introducing Mapnik
Creating an example map
Mapnik concepts
Working with Spatial Data
About DISTAL
Designing and building the database
Downloading and importing the data
Implementing the DISTAL application
Using DISTAL
Improving the DISTAL Application
Dealing with the anti-meridian line
Dealing with the scale problem
Tools for Web-based Geospatial Development
Tools and techniques for geospatial web development
A closer look at three specific tools and techniques
Putting It All Together – a Complete Mapping System
About the ShapeEditor
Designing the ShapeEditor
Setting up the database
Setting up the ShapeEditor project
Defining the ShapeEditor's applications
Creating the shared application
Defining the data models
Playing with the admin system
ShapeEditor – Importing and Exporting Shapefiles
Implementing the shapefile list view
Importing shapefiles
Exporting shapefiles
ShapeEditor – Selecting and Editing Features
Selecting the feature to edit
Adding features
Deleting features
Deleting shapefiles
Using the ShapeEditor
Further improvements and enhancements
Geospatial development links your data to locations on the surface of the Earth. Writing geospatial programs involves tasks such as grouping data by location, storing and analyzing large amounts of spatial information, performing complex geospatial calculations, and drawing colorful interactive maps. In order to do this well, you'll need appropriate tools and techniques, as well as a thorough understanding of geospatial concepts such as map projections, datums, and coordinate systems.
This book provides an overview of the major geospatial concepts, data sources, and toolkits. It starts by showing you how to store and access spatial data using Python, how to perform a range of spatial calculations, and how to store spatial data in a database. Further on, the book teaches you how to build your own slippy map interface within a web application, and finishes with the detailed construction of a geospatial data editor using the GeoDjango framework.
By the end of this book, you will be able to confidently use Python to write your own geospatial applications ranging from quick, one-off utilities to sophisticated web-based applications using maps and other geospatial data.
Chapter 1. Geospatial Development Using Python
This chapter provides an overview of the Python programming language and geospatial development. Please note that this is not a tutorial on how to use the Python language; Python is easy to learn, but the details are beyond the scope of this book.
In this chapter, we will see:
What the Python programming language is and how it differs from other languages
How the Python Standard Library and the Python Package Index make Python even more powerful
What the terms geospatial data and geospatial development refer to
An overview of the process of accessing, manipulating, and displaying geospatial data. How geospatial data can be accessed, manipulated, and displayed.
Some of the major applications of geospatial development
Some of the recent trends in the field of geospatial development
Python (http://python.org) is a modern, high-level language suitable for a wide variety of programming tasks. It is often used as a scripting language, automating and simplifying tasks at the operating system level, but it is equally suitable for building large and complex programs. Python has been used to write web-based systems, desktop applications, games, scientific programs, and even utilities and other higher-level parts of various operating systems.
Python supports a wide range of programming idioms, from straightforward procedural programming to object-oriented programming and functional programming.
Python is sometimes criticized for being an interpreted language, and can be slow compared to compiled languages such as C. However, the use of bytecode compilation and the fact that much of the heavy lifting is done by library code means that Python's performance is often surprisingly good—and there are many things you can do to improve the performance of your programs if you need to.
Open source versions of the Python interpreter are freely available for all major operating systems. Python is eminently suitable for all sorts of programming, from quick one-off scripts to building huge and complex systems. It can even be run in interactive (command-line) mode, allowing you to type in one-off commands and short programs and immediately see the results. This is ideal for doing quick calculations or figuring out how a particular library works.
One of the first things a developer notices about Python compared with other languages such as Java or C++ is how expressive the language is: what may take 20 or 30 lines of code in Java can often be written in half a dozen lines of code in Python. For example, imagine that you wanted to print a sorted list of the words that occur in a given piece of text. In Python, this is easy:
words = set(text.split())
for word in sorted(words):
print(word)
Implementing this kind of task in other languages is often surprisingly difficult.
While the Python language itself makes programming quick and easy, allowing you to focus on the task at hand, the Python Standard Library makes programming even more efficient. This library makes it easy to do things such as converting date and time values, manipulating strings, downloading data from web sites, performing complex maths, working with e-mail messages, encoding and decoding data, XML parsing, data encryption, file manipulation, compressing and decompressing files, working with databases—the list goes on. What you can do with the Python Standard Library is truly amazing.
As well as the built-in modules in the Python Standard Library, it is easy to download and install custom modules, which could be written either in Python or C. The Python Package Index (http://pypi.python.org) provides thousands of additional modules that you can download and install. And if this isn't enough, many other systems provide Python bindings to allow you to access them directly from within your programs. We will be making heavy use of Python bindings in this book.
Python is in many ways an ideal programming language. Once you are familiar with the language and have used it a few times, you'll find it incredibly easy to write programs to solve various tasks. Rather than getting buried in a morass of type definitions and low-level string manipulation, you can simply concentrate on what you want to achieve. You almost end up thinking directly in Python code. Programming in Python is straightforward, efficient, and, dare I say it, fun.
There are two main flavors of Python in use today: the Python 2.x series has been around for many years and is still widely used today, while Python 3.x isn't backward compatible with Python 2 and is becoming more and more popular as it is seen as the main version of Python going forward.
One of the main things holding back the adoption of Python 3 is the lack of support for third-party libraries. This has been particularly acute for Python libraries used for geospatial development, which are often dependent on individual developers or have requirements that were not compatible with Python 3 for quite a long time. However, all the major libraries used in this book can now be run using Python 3, and so all the code examples in this book have been converted to use Python 3 syntax.
If your computer runs Linux or Mac OS X, then you can use Python 3 with all these libraries directly. If, however, your computer runs MS Windows, then Python 3 compatibility is more problematic. In this case, you have two options: you can attempt to compile the libraries yourself to work with Python 3 or you can revert to using Python 2 and make adjustments to the example code as required. Fortunately, the syntax differences between Python 2 and Python 3 are quite straightforward, so not many changes will be required if you do choose to use Python 2.x rather than Python 3.x.
The term geospatial refers to finding information that is located on the earth's surface. This can include, for example, the position of a cellphone tower, the shape of a road, or the outline of a country:
Geospatial data often associates some piece of information with a particular location. For example, the following map, taken from http://opendata.zeit.de/nuclear-reactors-usa, shows how many people live within 50 miles of a nuclear reactor within the eastern United States:
Geospatial development is the process of writing computer programs that can access, manipulate, and display this type of information.
Internally, geospatial data is represented as a series of coordinates, often in the form of latitude and longitude values. Additional attributes, such as temperature, soil type, height, or the name of a landmark, are also often present. There can be many thousands (or even millions) of data points for a single set of geospatial data. For example, the following outline of New Zealand consists of almost 12,000 individual data points:
Because so much data is involved, it is common to store geospatial information within a database. A large part of this book will be concerned with how to store your geospatial information in a database and access it efficiently.
Geospatial data comes in many different forms. Different Geographical Information Systems vendors have produced their own file formats over the years, and various organizations have also defined their own standards. It is often necessary to use a Python library to read files in the correct format when importing geospatial data into your database.
Unfortunately, not all geospatial data points are compatible. Just like a distance value of 2.8 can have very different meanings depending on whether you are using kilometers or miles, a given coordinate value can represent any number of different points on the curved surface of the earth, depending on which projection has been used.
A projection is a way of representing the earth's surface in two dimensions. We will look at projections in more detail in Chapter 2, GIS, but for now, just keep in mind that every piece of geospatial data has a projection associated with it. To compare or combine two sets of geospatial data, it is often necessary to convert the data from one projection to another.
Latitude and longitude values are sometimes referred to as unprojected coordinates. We'll learn more about this in the next chapter.
In addition to the prosaic tasks of importing geospatial data from various external file formats and translating data from one projection to another, geospatial data can also be manipulated to solve various interesting problems. Obvious examples include the task of calculating the distance between two points, calculating the length of a road, or finding all data points within a given radius of a selected point. We will be using Python libraries to solve all of these problems and more.
Finally, geospatial data by itself is not very interesting. A long list of coordinates tells you almost nothing; it isn't until those numbers are used to draw a picture that you can make sense of it. Drawing maps, placing data points onto a map, and allowing users to interact with maps are all important aspects of geospatial development. We will be looking at all of these in later chapters.
Let's take a brief look at some of the more common geospatial development tasks you might encounter.
Analysing geospatial data
Imagine that you have a database containing a range of geospatial data for San Francisco. This database might include geographical features, roads, the location of prominent buildings, and other man-made features such as bridges, airports, and so on.
Such a database can be a valuable resource for answering various questions such as the following:
What's the longest road in Sausalito?
How many bridges are there in Oakland?
What is the total area of Golden Gate Park?
How far is it from Pier 39 to Coit Tower?
Many of these types of problems can be solved using tools such as the PostGIS spatially-enabled database toolkit. For example, to calculate the total area of Golden Gate Park, you might use the following SQL query:
select ST_Area(geometry) from features
where name = "Golden Gate Park";
To calculate the distance between two locations, you first have to geocode the locations to obtain their latitude and longitude values. There are various ways to do this; one simple approach is to use a free geocoding web service such as the following:
http://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=json&q=Pier 39,San Francisco, CA
This returns (among other things) a latitude value of 37.8101274 and a longitude value of -122.4104622 for Pier 39 in San Francisco.
These latitude and longitude values are in decimal degrees. If you don't know what these are, don't worry; we'll talk about decimal degrees in Chapter 2, GIS.
Similarly, we can find the location of Coit Tower in San Francisco using this query:
http://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=json&q=Coit Tower, San Francisco, CA
This returns a latitude value of 37.80237485 and a longitude value of -122.405832766082.
Now that we have the coordinates for the two desired locations, we can calculate the distance between them using the pyproj Python library:
If you want to run this example, you will need to install the pyproj library. We will look at how to do this in Chapter 3, Python Libraries for Geospatial Development.
import pyproj
lat1,long1 = (37.8101274,-122.4104622)
lat2,long2 = (37.80237485,-122.405832766082)
geod = pyproj.Geod(ellps="WGS84")
angle1,angle2,distance = geod.inv(long1, lat1, long2, lat2)
print("Distance is {:0.2f} meters".format(distance))
This prints the distance between the two points:
Distance is 952.17 meters
Don't worry about the WGS84 reference at this stage; we'll look at what this means in Chapter 2, GIS.
Of course, you wouldn't normally do this sort of analysis on a one-off basis like this—it's much more common to create a Python program that will answer these sorts of questions for any desired set of data. You might, for example, create a web application that displays a menu of available calculations. One of the options in this menu might be to calculate the distance between two points; when this option is selected, the web application would prompt the user to enter the two locations, attempt to geocode them by calling an appropriate web service (and display an error message if a location couldn't be geocoded), then calculate the distance between the two points using pyproj, and finally display the results to the user.
Alternatively, if you have a database containing useful geospatial data, you could let the user select the two locations from the database rather than having them type in arbitrary location names or street addresses.
However you choose to structure it, performing calculations like this will often be a major part of your geospatial application.
Imagine you wanted to see which areas of a city are typically covered by a taxi during an average working day. You might place a GPS recorder in a taxi and leave it to record the taxi's position over several days. The result would be a series of timestamps and latitude and longitude values, like this:
2010-03-21 9:15:23  -38.16614499  176.2336626
By themselves, these raw numbers tell you almost nothing. But when you display this data visually, the numbers start to make sense:
Detailed steps to download the code bundle are mentioned in the Preface of this book. Please have a look.
The code bundle for the book is also hosted on GitHub at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Python-Geospatial-Development-Third-Edition. We also have other code bundles from our rich catalog of books and videos available at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/. Check them out!
You can immediately see that the taxi tends to go along the same streets again and again, and if you draw this data as an overlay on top of a street map, you can see exactly where the taxi has been:
Street map courtesy of http://openstreetmap.org
While this is a simple example, visualization is a crucial aspect of working with geospatial data. How data is displayed visually, how different data sets are overlaid, and how the user can manipulate data directly in a visual format are all going to be major topics in this book.
Creating a geospatial mash-up
The concept of a mash-up has become popular in recent years. Mash-ups are applications that combine data and functionality from more than one source. For example, a typical mash-up might collect details of houses for rent in a given city and plot the location of each rental on a map, like this:
Image courtesy of http://housingmaps.com
The Google Maps API has been immensely popular in creating these types of mash-ups. However, Google Maps has some serious licensing and other limitations. It is not the only option, however tools such as Mapnik, OpenLayers, and MapServer, to name a few, also allow you to create mash-ups that overlay your own data onto a map.
Most of these mash-ups run as web applications across the Internet, running on a server that can be accessed by anyone who has a web browser. Sometimes, the mash-ups are private, requiring password access, but usually, they are publicly available and can be used by anyone. Indeed, many businesses (such as the housing maps site shown in the previous screen snapshot) are based on freely-available geospatial mash-ups.
A decade ago, geospatial development was vastly more limited than it is today. Professional (and hugely expensive) geographical information systems were the norm for working with and visualizing geospatial data. Open-source tools, where they were available, were obscure and hard to use. What is more, everything ran on the desktop—the concept of working with geospatial data across the Internet was no more than a distant dream.
In 2005, Google released two products that completely changed the face of geospatial development: Google Maps and Google Earth made it possible for anyone with a web browser or desktop computer to view and work with geospatial data. Instead of requiring expert knowledge and years of practice, even a four-year-old could instantly view and manipulate interactive maps of the world.
Google's products are not perfect: the map projections are deliberately simplified, leading to errors and problems with displaying overlays. These products are only free for non-commercial use, and they include almost no ability to perform geospatial analysis. Despite these limitations, they have had a huge effect on the field of geospatial development. People became aware of what is possible, and the use of maps and their underlying geospatial data has become so prevalent that even cellphones now commonly include built-in mapping tools.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) has also had a major influence on geospatial development. Geospatial data for streets and other man-made and natural features used to be an expensive and tightly-controlled resource, often created by scanning aerial photographs and then manually drawing an outline of a street or coastline over the top to digitize the required features. With the advent of cheap and readily-available portable GPS units, as well as phones which have GPS built in, anyone who wishes to can now capture their own geospatial data. Indeed, many people have made a hobby of recording, editing, and improving the accuracy of street and topological data, which is then freely shared across the Internet. All this means that you're not limited to recording your own data or purchasing data from a commercial organization; volunteered information is now often as accurate and useful as commercially-available data, and may well be suitable for your geospatial application.
The open source software movement has also had a major influence on geospatial development. Instead of relying on commercial toolsets, it is now possible to build complex geospatial applications entirely out of freely-available tools and libraries. Because the source code for these tools is often available, developers can improve and extend these toolkits, fixing problems and adding new features for the benefit of everyone. Tools such as PROJ.4, PostGIS, OGR, and GDAL are all excellent geospatial toolkits that are benefactors of the open source movement. We will be making use of all these tools throughout this book.
As well as standalone tools and libraries, a number of geospatial application programming interfaces (APIs) have become available. Google has provided a number of APIs that can be used to include maps and perform limited geospatial analysis within a web site. Other sites, such as the OpenStreetMap geocoder we used earlier, allow you to perform various geospatial tasks that would be difficult to do if you were limited to using your own data and programming resources.
As more and more geospatial data becomes available from an increasing number of sources, and as the number of tools and systems that can work with this data also increases, it has become increasingly important to define standards for geospatial data. The Open Geospatial Consortium (http://www.opengeospatial.org) is an international standards organization that aims to do precisely this: provide a set of standard formats and protocols for sharing and storing geospatial data. These standards, including GML, KML, GeoRSS, WMS, WFS, and WCS, provide a shared language in which geospatial data can be expressed. Tools such as commercial and open source GIS systems, Google Earth, web-based APIs, and specialized geospatial toolkits such as OGR are all able to work with these standards. Indeed, an important aspect of a geospatial toolkit is the ability to understand and translate data between these various formats.
As devices with built-in GPS receivers have become more ubiquitous, it has become possible to record your location data while performing another task. Geolocation, the act of recording your location while you are doing something else, is becoming increasingly common. The Twitter social networking service, for example, now allows you to record and display your current location when you enter a status update. As you approach your office, sophisticated to-do list software can now automatically hide any tasks that can't be done at that location. Your phone can also tell you which of your friends are nearby, and search results can be filtered to only show nearby businesses.
All of this is simply the continuation of a trend that started when GIS systems were housed on mainframe computers and operated by specialists who spent years learning about them. Geospatial data and applications have been "democratized" over the years, making them available in more places, to more people. What was possible only in a large organization can now be done by anyone using a handheld device. As technology continues to improve and tools become more powerful, this trend is sure to continue.
In this chapter, we briefly introduced the Python programming language and the main concepts behind geospatial development. We saw that Python is a very high-level language and that the availability of third-party libraries for working with geospatial data makes it eminently suited to the task of geospatial development. We learned that the term geospatial data refers to finding information that is located on the earth's surface using coordinates, and the term "geospatial development" refers to the process of writing computer programs that can access, manipulate, and display geospatial data.
We then looked at the types of questions that can be answered by analyzing geospatial data, saw how geospatial data can be used for visualization, and learned about geospatial mash-ups, which combine data (often geospatial data) in useful and interesting ways.
Next, we learned how Google Maps, Google Earth, and the development of cheap and portable GPS units have "democratized" geospatial development. We saw how the open source software movement has produced a number of high-quality, freely available tools for geospatial development and looked at how various standards organizations have defined formats and protocols for sharing and storing geospatial data.
Finally, we saw how geolocation is being used to capture and work with geospatial data in surprising and useful ways.
In the next chapter, we will look in more detail at traditional geographic information systems including a number of important concepts that you need to understand in order to work with geospatial data. Different geospatial formats will be examined, and we will finish by using Python to perform various calculations using geospatial data.
Erik Westra
Erik Westra has been a professional software developer for over 25 years, and has worked almost exclusively in Python for the past decade. Erik's early interest in Graphical User Interface design led to the development of one of the most advanced urgent courier dispatch systems used by messenger and courier companies worldwide. In recent years, Erik has been involved in the design and implementation of systems matching seekers with providers of goods and services across a range of geographical areas, as well as real-time messaging, payment, and identity systems. This work has included the creation of real-time geocoders and map-based views of constantly changing data. Erik is based in New Zealand, and works for companies worldwide. Erik is the author of the following Packt books: Python Geospatial Development (third edition), Python Geospatial Analysis, Building Mapping Applications with QGIS, and Modular Programming with Python. Erik has also authored the video course entitled Introduction to QGIS Python Programming.
New to geospatial apps book went into lots of detail about various sources of info and how to use them.
05 February 2017 Glenn May
23 August 2016 Trusted Customer


Ace Praise & Worship singer 'Tosin Bee' release new song title "Tell the world" the duo returns with his unique style of gospel music grandly consists that of RnB, Hip-Fuji and Jazz.
"Tell the world" is a refreshing danceable song, Prod. By usual suspect Tyanx. The maestro singer reminds us again about the importance of testifying to the goodness of God. "Hallelujah, I am victorious, you have been good to me".


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# acts_as_executor

acts_as_executor seamlessly integrates Java's Executor framework with Ruby on Rails, enabling an application to use executors in a familiar Rails'eque way.

[RubyGems][ruby_gems] | [GitHub][github] | [Travis CI][travis_ci] | [RubyDoc][ruby_doc] | [Wiki][wiki]

## Features
* **Abstraction** from low-level executor type configuration
* **ActiveRecord** interface so creating an executor or task is as simple is creating a record
* **Automatic Task Setup** so you can concentrate on business logic and not task management
* **Database Persisted Configuration** so executors can be managed through migrations and seeds
* **Logging** of executor and task states to Rails or custom logger

## 1. Install
```ruby
gem "acts_as_executor"
```
...or for life on the edge, use the [master branch][github_master] [![Build Status][travis_ci_build_status]][travis_ci]

```ruby
gem "acts_as_executor", :git => "git@github.com:philostler/acts_as_executor.git"
```

## 2. Generate
Generate models and migration using...

```
rails g acts_as_executor:install <model_name>
```

Example

```
rails g acts_as_executor:install Executor
      create  app/models/executor.rb
      create  app/models/executor_task.rb
      create  db/migrate/20110922223408_create_executors.rb
```

## 3. Execute!
You'll first need to create an executor to schedule tasks upon.

```ruby
Executor.create :name => "background"
```

These can be created on the fly at runtime (be sure to save the record before you schedule any tasks) or preconfigured via records already present in the database. The recommended method is to add the applications required executors to the database seed file and running ```rake db:seed```.

Attributes ```max_tasks``` and ```schedulable``` exist on the executors model for task limiting and schedulable ability enabling. Check out the wiki documentation for details of how these work.

[Using Executors][wiki_using_executors]

Once you have an executor available, it's time to add some tasks. Do this like you would any associated record.

```ruby
Executor.find_by_name("background").tasks.create(:executable => "BackgroundTask",
                                                 :arguments => { :data => "This is my data"})
```

The ```executable``` attribute references a class that must...

* Be available in the load path
* Subclass ```ActsAsExecutor::Task::Executable```
* Define an ```execute``` method

Use the provided generator to create new executables...

```
rails g acts_as_executor:executable <executable_name>
```

Example

```
rails g acts_as_executor:executable Executable
      create  app/executables/executable.rb
```

Anything passed into the ```attributes``` hash will be available to the instance when it is executed.

Attributes ```schedule```, ```start```, ```every``` and ```units``` exist on the tasks model for defining the type and periods for scheduling and their units. Check out the wiki documentation for details of how these work.

[Using Tasks][wiki_using_tasks]

## Compatibility
* JRuby 1.6.x (1.8.7 and 1.9.2 modes)
* Rails 3.x

[github]: https://github.com/philostler/acts_as_executor
[github_master]: https://github.com/philostler/acts_as_executor/tree/master
[ruby_doc]: http://rubydoc.info/github/philostler/acts_as_executor/master/frames
[ruby_gems]: http://rubygems.org/gems/acts_as_executor
[travis_ci]: http://travis-ci.org/philostler/acts_as_executor
[travis_ci_build_status]: https://secure.travis-ci.org/philostler/acts_as_executor.png
[wiki]: https://github.com/philostler/acts_as_executor/wiki
[wiki_using_executors]: https://github.com/philostler/acts_as_executor/wiki/Using-Executors
[wiki_using_tasks]: https://github.com/philostler/acts_as_executor/wiki/Using-Tasks
[alloy]: https://github.com/philostler/alloy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Forgive me for repeating it, but… "I am a mother with a beautiful baby daughter".
But I'm getting ahead of myself. Let me give you some background info first.
Ed and I have been married for more than 10 years. We met and married in our mid-20s and both agreed to work and build a comfortable home and life before starting a family. This we did – happily.
Then in my early to mid-30s, we decided to go for it – let's have kids!
I mean … we tried. We REALLY tried! But it just wasn't happening for us. I couldn't get pregnant. And worse, it was putting a strain on the relationship between Ed and myself.
… is it me who can't conceive …?
… is it him who is infertile …?
… should we have tried for a family earlier …?
Naturally, after 2-3 years of trying and still not getting pregnant, we started researching and exploring just how we could increase our fertility … whether indeed it was a fertility problem.
Now of course I discussed it with close friends and family – many of them happy mothers – as fertile as rabbits! – with multiple kids themselves. And of course I got a lot of sympathy and a lot of advice … some of it, quite frankly, really quite wacky! Nothing worked.
But then … a miracle! Just when I was soooooo close to accepting "pregnancy ain't gonna happen for me", a savior entered my life … Lisa Olson and her guide, 'Pregnancy Miracle' – The 5-step Plan To Getting Pregnant.
Now I honestly don't remember how I first heard about Lisa Olson and 'Pregnancy Miracle, but … I'm so glad I did! Just look again at the photo of Ruby and I again as to why!
Needless to say, with the arrival of Ruby in our lives, the stress and strain that existed in our relationship because of our infertility issues simply evaporated.
Now, it's all about how to care and raise a beautiful, beautiful daughter.
I am assuming if you found this website it's because you are like me (and Ed!) – a woman (or a guy!) experiencing problems getting pregnant, looking for ways to increase your fertility.
Well … you've heard my story, the solution I found and the joy it has brought to my life.
But maybe – just maybe – like me, you too can achieve your Pregnancy Miracle.
If you want some genuinely helpful and practical advice from somebody who has "been there, done that, got the tee-shirt" (and the baby!), please sign up to my FREE, must-have 30-part 'Increase Fertility Tips' course, packed with useful information that may soon have your womb swelling with a growing baby.
The 30 lessons will be delivered directly to your e-mail box every day for the next four weeks.
Also look out for my weekly e-letter in which I share more 'Increase Fertility Tips' with you.
Here's to what I hope will prove to be a long – and fruitful! – relationship.
My very fondest wishes to you.


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Is lysol disinfectant spray enough to clean baby toys out of the box?
can i just use lysol on toys when i open them before giving to baby? also can stuffed animals be washed in the washer? no i am not planning to spray them and hand them right to the baby! thanks for all the answers!!


Easy to spot by it's lavender purple painted exterior, Muang Thai is an airy, spacious, evening-meal only restaurant on the upper slope of St James' St, on the corner with Rock Place — a convenient few paces from the cocktails of the Black Dove and Brighton Rocks. The menu includes seafood and duck dishes and for anyone to overwhelmed by choice there are a couple of helpful set menu suggestions. Takeaways can be collected or deliveries ordered through Just Eat.


text:
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Height: 33.5″ (850mm)
DE ZEVEN PROVINCIEN
Summer 1665. An imposing two-deck ship has just been launched and is now moored to be rigged and outfitted. Two private ship-builders are busy outfitting the ship, which has been ordered by the Admiralty of the Maze in Rotterdam. The name of the ship – third in a row with this name – has been known for a while, and the commander of this imposing war-ship has recently been named the Commander in Chief of the Dutch fleet.
Autumn 1665. Lieutenant-admiral Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter is proud of his new flagship – De Zeven Provinciën. The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, founded in 1579, lives in troubled times, and the tense situation with England in particular demands a strong ship and powerful leadership. The ship won't be at fault. With a length of 163 feet (around 46 metres) from stern to bow it has a water displacement of 700 Dutch "last" (about 1400 tonnes). This makes the ship very stable in the water, even with full armament of 84 cannons and a crew of 420. All built-up knowledge and experience of the Dutch masters of shipbuilding has been combined into this ship. Her imposing appearance, with its heavily ornamented stern, will put fear into the hearts of the enemies of the Republic during the years to come. The commander won't be at fault either: he feels himself capable of heroics with this ship.
Indeed, in the period from 1666 to 1674 Michiel de Ruyter commanded several victories. This was both through his very good insight in naval battles and the force and quality of his ship and her crew. De Zeven Provinciën participated as flagship in the four-day and two-day battles in 1666, in the famous trip to Chatham in 1667, the battle of Solebay in 1672 and the battles of Schooneveld and Kijkduin in 1673. De Zeven Provinciën was so robust that she could be re-equipped for battle quickly and without much effort. Only in 1694 – almost 30 years after her launch – was the ship demolished and did the name transfer to a triple-deck ship with 92 cannons.
The Kolderstok model of De Zeven Provinciën has been built on a scale of 1:72 – from several available sources. Because these sources differ on a few points, the ship's lines have been completely redrawn for this model kit. The stern has been made after one of the drawings of Willem van de Velde (the elder), on display in the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, UK.
THE KIT:
The DE ZEVEN PROVINCIEN model consists of laser-cut keel and frames, complete (single) planking in a combination of walnut and basswood or oak and basswood, fully outfitted deck, 3D formed and hand-cast resin ornaments, masts and accompanying rigging. Sails can be ordered separately as a DIY kit consisting of drawings, manual, sailcloth and blocks. The model is fully equipped with complete cannons on all ports. This listing is for the Oak Version of this model.
The aim of Kolderstok is to offer a high quality range of wooden model boat kits for ships not available elsewhere. Models of famous ships of the Dutch Golden Age, such as those belonging to the VOC (Dutch East India Company), as well as ships famous for the great battles in which they served. Ships under the command of well-known names: Michiel de Ruyter, Marten Harpenszoon Tromp, Jan and Cornelis Evertsen and Adriaen Banckert. Kolderstok models are created using old images and existing models as guidelines, thus ensuring the best possible accuracy. Kolderstok kits consist of laser-cut keel, frames and decks, planking for the hull and decks, masts, yards, rigging and a full set of hand-cast resin ornaments. The ornaments will need a finishing touch. Sails are available as a separate kit. All Kolderstok kits feature pictorial-style instructions with text descriptions given in both Dutch and English.
Will Everard
Norden Cutter

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Parlanti Z2 paddock boot is a true classic.Schooling or in the ring, this classic, traditionally-styled boot combines performance, versatility and refinement, designed for riders who demand performance. The feel and performance of custom boots. Performs well with our Mini Chaps Elastic – it is hard to tell the difference between the Mini-chap/Ankle boot combination and our Custom boots.
Love my Z2 Paddock boots!
Great paddock boots for schooling and wearing around the barn. Super durable boots, They have lasted me 2 years and I still use them today! they Go great with the half chaps!!


text:
Nordet est un nom invariable (Nordet, le lieu) synonyme de Nord-Est (le lieu) et un adjectif invariable (nordet, la direction) synonyme de nord-est (la direction). Il n'est plus usité aujourd'hui, sauf dans le langage marin.

Nordet s'oppose à suroît, synonyme de sud-ouest. Les mots analogues pour la direction perpendiculaire sont noroît et suet.

Orientation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


No matter what time of the year it is, I always find myself going back to a monochromatic outfit. When I'm in a rush but still need to look sophisticated especially in the winter, I throw on a chunky turtleneck sweater like the one I'm wearing here. There's nothing easier than forgetting the bra and tossing on a long sleeve shirt underneath to add an extra layer to your look. My favorite turtlenecks are from Uniqlo—check them out! I know it doesn't look it, but my pants are actually navy blue (I'm not wearing all black :o)! Recently, I've been loving loose-fitting high waisted pants (here). Let's be real, it makes hiding the food baby a lot easier, haha. ;) Perfect for the upcoming holiday dinner parties...amirite ladies? Let me know what your go-to winter outfit is!
Disclaimer: I'd like to give big thanks to Zaful for making this look possible!
Such a great edgy look, but you managed to keep it looking approachable and femine at the same time!
I love this look!!! And your earrings are super cute!!!


LAGOS, Nigeria (AP) — Nigeria's Finance Ministry says it is cutting 24,000 ghost workers from the national payroll, saving US$11.5 million a month.
A new bank verification system helped uncover frauds with federal government salaries being paid to people who do not exist and some civil servants receiving salaries from multiple agencies, according to a statement received Monday from Festus Akanbi, the spokesman for the minister of finance.
The 24,000 make up 7.5 per cent of the 312,000 names so far checked in an ongoing exercise to root out corruption, he said, but was reluctant to give a figure for the total workforce until the verification exercise is complete.
In addition, the Military Pension Board has stopped payments to more than 19,200 personnel found to have died since the last audit in 2012, Akanbi said.
Shortly before Nigeria's government changed last year, an independent commission against corrupt practices reported discovering 45,000 ghost workers just in the federal ministry of finance.
Federal workers' salaries, the biggest item on the budget, account for more than 40 per cent of Nigerian government expenditure, Akanbi said.
Any money saved will mean less borrowing abroad and at home to fund Nigeria's expanded budget for 2016, he explained.


text:
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Understanding My Tinnitus
earpeace™ Related Services
What is tinnitus?
Tinnitus [ti-nī-təs] from the Latin word tinnītus means "ringing", is the perception of a sound for which there is no external source, generally an annoying sensation. Symptoms of tinnitus include types of phantom noises in your ears such as Ringing, Buzzing, Roaring, Clicking, and Hissing. This phantom noise may vary in pitch from a low roar to a high squeal, and you may hear it in one or both ears. In some cases, the sound can be so loud it can interfere with your ability to concentrate or hear actual sound. Tinnitus may be present all the time, or it may come and go.
Tinnitus isn't a condition itself — it's a symptom of an underlying condition, and that will vary from patient to patient.
Does everyone's tinnitus sound the same?
Just about every type of sound has been reported when patients have been asked to describe the sound of their tinnitus. "Ringing" and "high pitched tone" are reported most often. Other sounds commonly reported include "hissing," "high tension wire," "buzzing," "sizzling," and "crickets." Many people hear more than one sound.
How many people have tinnitus?
Studies show that about 10 to 15 percent of all adults have permanent tinnitus.
The American Tinnitus Association reports that about 50 million Americans have tinnitus.
The British Tinnitus Association reports that about one in ten suffer from tinnitus in the UK. That is 6.3 million.
Most people with tinnitus are not bothered by it. Some people have tinnitus that is very bothersome.
What causes tinnitus?
Tremendous advances have been made through research, based on what is known about the auditory (hearing) system - sound is detected by the ear and processed by the brain. On the other hand, the exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known. There are, however, several likely sources, all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus.
Noise exposure - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair cells, called cilia, in the inner ear. Once damaged, these hair cells cannot be renewed or replaced.
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus. Other symptoms include headaches, vertigo, and memory loss.
Certain disorders, such as hypo- or hyperthyroidism, Meniere's disease, Lyme disease, fibromyalgia, and thoracic outlet syndrome, can have tinnitus as a symptom. When tinnitus is a symptom of another disorder, treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus.
Certain types of tumors
Wax build-up
Jaw misalignment
Ototoxicity - Some medications are ototoxic, that is, the medications are harmful or damaging to the ear. Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging the inner ear. Effects, which can depend on the dosage of the medication, can be temporary or permanent. Before taking any medication, make sure that your prescribing physician is aware of your tinnitus, and discuss alternative medications that may be available.
Pulsatile tinnitus - Rare type of tinnitus that sounds like a rhythmic pulsing in the ear, typically in time with one's heartbeat. This kind of tinnitus can be caused by abnormal blood flow in arteries or veins close to the inner ear, brain tumors or irregularities in brain structure.
Can tinnitus be cured?
A cure for tinnitus would mean that some treatment could silence it. Although research is being done to find a cure, there is no cure yet. There also is no safe and consistent way to reduce the loudness of tinnitus. We cannot change the tinnitus, but we can change our reactions to it.
Changing reactions to tinnitus can make it less of a problem. The key is to learn how to manage our reactions to tinnitus.
Does tinnitus cause hearing loss?
No – tinnitus is a symptom and not a disease. Many people commonly confuse tinnitus as being the cause or underlying condition. Hearing loss is either conductive (problem with outer or middle ear) or sensorineural (problem with inner ear) and classified by different categories: mild, moderate, severe and profound. Hearing loss is a complex process and due to the personal and unique nature of each tinnitus condition, proper evaluation and specialised treatment is necessary.
However, in many cases tinnitus accompanies hearing loss. Because hearing loss can be caused by noise damage to the ear, an individual can get both hearing loss and tinnitus from noise damage. However the two do not always occur together. There are many who have no measurable hearing loss but have tinnitus.
If I am experiencing tinnitus, what do I do?
Tinnitus is rarely an indication of a serious disorder, but it is wise to see a GP if tinnitus is suspected. The GP may make a referral to an Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) consultant or to an Audiologist, who specialises in tinnitus management. If you would like to discuss what you should do further, contact our office and a member of our Audiology team who specialises in tinnitus management will be happy to assist you.


The NFL announced a new policy regarding the National Anthem on Wednesday, one that many of the league's players have since spoken out against.
The policy was made amongst the owners to address the ongoing debate about certain player kneeling for the National Anthem. The players, following the lead of former San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick, argued that kneeling was meant to be a silent protest against police brutality against people of color. Many fans however, including President Donald Trump, saw the silent protest as disrespectful and a protest against the National Anthem itself.
NFL officials ruled that if players are out on the field during the song, they are required to stand at attention. If the players do not comply, the team will be forced to pay a fine from the league.
Numerous players gave their reactions to the new rule on social media and in interviews. One former player, Donte Stallworth, took things a step further and went on CNN's Reliable Sources this week to chastise the league's ruling, calling it "compulsory patriotism."
These players that are peacefully protesting, Brian, what they're essentially doing is practicing dissent," Stallworth said. And we know that dissent is not supposed to make you feel comfortable. Protests are not supposed to make you feel comfortable.
Roger Goddell, who announced the new policy via press conference, stated that players are allowed to stay in the locker room during the anthem if they so choose.
The criticism against the kneeling rule continued throughout the week.
"What NFL owners did today was thwart the players' constitutional rights to express themselves and use our platform to draw attention to social injustices like racial inequality in our country. Everyone loses when voices get stifled," Philadelphia Eagles safety Malcolm Jenkins wrote on Twitter.
"We're supposed to have a conversation about things, talk about things, work things through," Denver Broncos linebacker Brandon Marshall told ESPN. "Everybody is not gonna agree on things, everybody is not gonna have the same opinion on things. So just because somebody disagrees or has an issue with something that's going on in this country, it doesn't mean that they should pack up and leave. That's absurd, in my opinion."
"This is fear of a diminished bottom line. It's also a fear of a president turning his base against a corporation," Philadelphia Eagles defensive end Chris Long tweeted. "This is not patriotism. Don't get it confused. These owners don't love America more than the players demonstrating and taking real action to improve it. It also lets you, the fan, know where our league stands."


1. Combine all ingredients (except for the blood orange soda) into a cocktail shaker. Add ice and shake to chill the cocktail. Strain into a highball glass filled with ice. Top with blood orange soda and garnish with a fake money (alternatively garnish with a lime wedge or grapefruit wedge).
Combine 1 cup of water and 1 cup of blueberries into a medium saucepan on the stove. Press the blueberries and bring to a light simmer to release the juices from the blueberries. Pour in 1 cup of sugar and let dissolve. Strain out the blueberry solids through a fine mesh strainer or cheese cloth. Pour the syrup into a glass jar and store in the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks.
Quick Note: If you want to batch this cocktail, multiply the recipe above by the number of people you're looking to serve.


Couldn't resist getting in on a bit of modelling outside. She looked frozen, no stockings and sleeveless dress. I had a warm coat on.
Composition is great and curious.
Crazy girl! Surely fashion shouldn't cost that much misery!
I love your shot here. You have such a good eye for the perfect shot.
She can't wear stockings 'cause the 'gold' chain might snag! Great shot!
A few months ago, when there was snow on the ground there was a girl wandering through St James Park that had a mini skirt on, no tights and a blazer type jacket...CRAZY!
I would have thought her legs would have been BLUE!
Quite a stylish documentary shot!


22/08/2017 | Launch of our teddy check-in service – no more forgotten toys!
Over the next few months, we're trialing a 'Teddy Check-in' service, offering kids the opportunity to check their toys and teddies when they arrive. Our hotels will then have a record of all 'family members' meaning noone gets left behind come check out!
Our research found that over 50%* of UK children cannot sleep without their favourite toy. What's more, children in Coventry were identified as the most 'teddy-dependent' with 64% of them unable to sleep without their fluffy friends. Despite this dependency, it was also revealed that 72% of forgetful children leave their fluffy sleeping buddies in hotels after a holiday, with over 67% of parents driving back to the hotel to collect the forgotten toy.
Due to the rise of lost teddies over the summer holidays, we've made the decision to trial the Teddy Check In service over the next few months at our Premier Inn Heathrow Terminal 4, where it's perhaps even more important that these special friends continue their journey with their family. Guests will receive a special teddy check in card upon arrival which will act as a reminder for parents, plus they'll be given some top tips from our house keeping teams on where teddies and toys are most commonly found, so parents can make sure all family members, including the fluffy ones, are accounted for.


Last year, Americans borrowed a whopping $ 88 billion to pay for their health care, according to a nationally representative survey. What's more, 45 percent of respondents said they feared that a major health care crisis would lead to bankruptcy, and nearly 25 percent of respondents reported skipping medical treatments in order to cut costs.
This financial anxiety prevails despite the United States having spent more than $ 10,700 per person on health care in 2017, according to federal data reported by CNN. This is higher than any other country, and yet when it comes to major indicators of health, America often ranks toward the bottom compared with other developed nations.


"God loves me, he cares for me, he wants me to be happy, he wants my life to be enriched and fulfilled."
SISTERS OF THE DIVINE SAVIOUR.
It is registered as "society of the sisters of the Divine Saviour."
Congregation - Motto : With joy you will draw water from the wells of salvation� Isa. 12.3"
The fountain health spa of Niederbronn in Alsace the village in which the Congregation was founded. However, it is a symbol of the true "spring" of salvation, which the sisters draw from. The spring of salvation is God himself, who particularly revealed himself in Jesus Christ.The green colour symbolizes hope and blue indicates the faithfulness of God, who in the logo as well as in our life all carries and surrounds us.
"De FontibusSalvatoris" – From the springs of salvation.
With joy we will draw water from the wells of salvation (Isaiah 12.3) and through all forms of action and presence; the Congregation wants to give expression to God�s never ending kindness and mercy.
Our foundress, Mother Alphonse Marie, was especially attracted in contemplating the life and passion of Jesus. This led her to a deeper understanding of God�s unconditional love for all human beings, especially for �the poor and the sick�. Her ardent desire was to intensify the direct relationship to God and to love him more and more. Out of that experience she wanted others to realize that God loved them. Following her example, we, as Sisters of the Divine Saviour, attempt to intensify our understanding of God�s love, which is particularly visible in the life, in the death and in the resurrection of Jesus. Through his infinite love, he gained redemption and salvation for us. We have to accept this gift again and again in our life in order to make others to experience salvation.
To implant the Congregation in India , Kannyakumari District, there were hectic preparation with Enthusiasm, lot of reflections and search. In 1964 Rev. Mother Marie Vianney was elected as the Superior General of the Congregation, she had the intention to send the Indian sisters to their own country to serve their own people. In 1966 Archbishop Mathew Kavukatt met Mother Marie Vianney in Oberbronn � France. In February 1968 Mother Marie Vianney and Fr. Stader with one Indian sister visited India and Particularly southern mission of Changanacherry diocese namely Kannyakumari District. In 1969 during the General chapter a decree was passed with regards the implantation of the Congregation in India. In the light of her visit to India, she saw that the people of this area were very poor in every side, such as health and hygiene, nutrition, education and social situation especially the situation of women.
After a good and intensive preparation in Europe, in June 1973 the first group of 11 Indian sisters reached India. After certain period of preparation, with great zeal and enthusiasm on 5th December 1973 Sisters of the Divine Saviour reached a village called Manjalumoodu in Kannyakumari District in Tamil Nadu state to start the mission among the poor.The Indian mission of the Congregation was entrusted to the first Indian delegation of 11 Indian and 2 European sisters. This house at Manjalumoodu was our delegation house till the year 1994. On 17th August 2000 Indian Delegation became province and its head quarter is shifted to Nagercoil situated at 70C Christunagar Road, Vettoornimadam (P O)Nagercoil ,629003.
Our vocation does not only concern to ourselves but is also a mission for others. As Sisters of the Divine Saviour we understand this mission as a way to make people experience God�s never ending kindness and mercy, which is revealed in Jesus Christ.This is to determine our life and action, our prayer and service. We are involved in services like those of health care, hospital as well as geriatrics care. We work in educational, social and pastoral services and try to serve people in need and suffer in various ways.The emphasis of our apostolic involvement is diverse. They answer the needs of people according to the possibilities we have in the countries where our Congregation is present.The fulfillment of these different tasks, the Congregation takes care to collaborate with Lay-people, organizations and groups of similar interests and motivation.
Copyright � SDS Nagercoil. All Rights Reserved.


True martial arts do not recognize age or gender: it works for everyone. While strength does have an advantage, technique and speed plays a greater part. It is easy to spot the clubs which have not yet learned the true martial arts techniques, as there will be few children, females and elderly.
For this reason, there are hundreds of self defense techniques shown on this site. Whether you want easy and soft, or challenging and hard - we have something for everyone.


Modern Anchor Handling Tug Supply vessel with conventional propulsion configuration with twin controllable pitch propellers, each powered by a diesel engine through a gear box.
Waterfall type winch with one towing drum and one AH drum.
Typical and approx. information for the VARD 2 07 design. Other configurations may apply.


What are the core differences in serving residential and commercial and industrial (C&I) solar markets as a solar contractor? If you've ever thought about expanding your residential solar contracting work to serve commercial customers as well, you might find it helpful to understand what these sectors have in common and where they diverge.
To get the lowdown on some of the key differences in solar contracting for residential and C&I solar projects, Aurora Solar spoke with Barry Durand, director of commercial sales, and Yashwanth (Yash) Ganti, design engineering manager, at Green Solar Technologies.
Founded in 2010, Green Solar Technologies currently operates in 25 states and Washington, D.C. and has served tens of thousands of solar customers. Green Solar Technologies expanded into commercial solar several years ago, after nearly a decade serving residential solar customers (and 30 years of leadership team experience in the construction industry), so Durand and Ganti were well-positioned to highlight the important differences between the two sectors.
Our conversation highlighted several notable differences between C&I and residential solar contracting, including differences in the length and complexity of projects, communication with customers, project costs and financing. Read on to learn more!
1. C&I solar projects take longer, partially because of permitting complexity.
As Durand explained, "Residential [solar] is a quicker process. As far as determining the size of the system, calculating the [financial] benefits, and actually getting it installed, it typically takes from 4 weeks to 12 weeks.
Durand also noted that these time frame differences affect the sales process. Companies considering expanding their work into C&I solar need to be aware that the commercial solar sales process is longer (a theme that also came up in Aurora's interview with the Community Purchasing Alliance).
2. Commercial projects are more technical.
3. Communication with customers differs from residential solar projects.
Communication with customers is also somewhat different for C&I solar contracting compared to residential. Because commercial projects span over a much longer time, it's important to establish clear expectations at the outset for the length of time the project will take.
"With commercial, we manage those expectations a certain way," letting them know "it's going to take six months to a year." Because of that, the frequency of communication may be less than with a homeowner (though of course clarity in communication and regular updates are important in all solar projects).
4. Commercial projects have higher costs, but lower costs per watt.
Another key difference between residential and commercial solar projects is in the costs. While it's intuitive that the price tag of a large C&I project will be greater than for a small residential solar system, Ganti and Durand highlighted some particular aspects of C&I projects that come with much higher costs.
Despite this, because of the economies of scale at play in commercial projects, the cost per watt of commercial projects tends to be lower. "A contractor can end up saving money on a cost per watt basis for a [commercial] installation due to the fact that some of these costs are set, whether residential or commercial." He cited the cost of truck rolls to bring staff to a project site as an example. Additional savings come from buying hardware components in bulk.
For these reasons, for contractors that are prepared to manage the complexity of C&I solar projects, it can be a very lucrative sector.
5. Financing for commercial solar projects is less accessible.
A final important difference between residential and C&I solar relates to financing. Durand notes that "it's a lot easier access to finance for the residential market than for commercial," a factor that has held back the growth of the C&I sector.
Durand notes that in residential solar, financing options have been more developed, whereas the C&I sector is somewhat new territory. Despite that, he observes "there are more and more ways to start financing your commercial projects; not everybody wants to pay cash." He recommends that for businesses that have a relationship with their own bank, that can be a great place to start when seeking a solar loan.


When element data is set in onElementDataChange, it wil desync on clients.
It seems that clients receive new data in wrong order. I did some more testing, and noticed that client receives changed data first, then it receives original value.
Seems like a simple fix, therefore expect end of world.
Thanks. It's been for years (first noticed in 1.0.4), and now it has been fixed.


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Linen Testers are used to magnify objects in a wide range of fine inspection or quality control applications such as textile examination, engraving, or circuit board assembly. Linen Testers possess a compact, folding design to easily move across examined objects for maximum control. Linen Testers allows users to quickly examine multiple objects at any angle without compromising magnification capabilities.


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There are many, many Linux operating systems out there, variations upon a theme. Each one unique in their behavior, and appearance. In this flurry of operating systems however, a few stand out in regards to what they bring to the table. And the word for that can only be described as innovative.
When you think of innovation, the first thing that probably comes to mind is the bleeding edge. Fedora certainly ticks the boxes in that regard, as it changes with the shifting Linux environment. It makes an effort to not only be part of it, but to carve the way for many other operating systems.
Red Hat, the company behind Fedora, uses this operating system as a test bed for new technologies. It does its best to use the latest and greatest in a fairly dynamic environment. As a result of this, it's always constantly changing and improving. For example, it was one of the first Linux operating systems to adopt Wayland, a replacement for the X Display server.
One benefit of this is that any new and upcoming things in the Linux world can be all found on it. The latest version of the GNOME desktop for example, ships with Fedora. Another very interesting thing that Fedora provides is the ability to upgrade to major versions (e.g. 24 to 25) without downloading a new installation disc. Something like this could certainly benefit more static Linux operating systems such as Ubuntu.
While it may not be the best for people who want something that's consistent in its behavior — there will always be some problems for early adopters after all — if you want to know where the Linux desktop is moving, Fedora is your best bet.
When you think of a rolling release Linux operating system, the first thing that comes to mind might be Arch Linux, or many of its derivatives. In many ways, Void Linux is very similar to Arch yet stands out in some unique ways.
But first, a quick primer on what a rolling release is: basically, it's a way of developing a Linux operating system that leaves it constantly updated. The idea is that you don't need to upgrade it once in a while using a fresh install disc.
Like Arch, Void is built from the ground up, meaning that it's not based on any other Linux operating systems. Contrast this with Linux Mint for example, which is based off Ubuntu (which in turn is based off Debian).
For example, many Linux operating systems these days use a special piece of software called systemd to boot up the computer they're running on. There's some controversy to it (an understatement), but any further discussion would take up pages worth of information. Void uses a lighter alternative called runit.
Because of them, in use, Void tends to be faster and lighter than its counterparts. For example, its start-up time is surprisingly quick, since it uses a different way to boot the system up from the norm. If you enjoy what Linux operating systems like Arch have to offer, you might like how Void goes about it.
Innovation comes in many forms, but the most noticeable comes through presentation. Elementary OS does this with flying colours all around. From the start, it was designed with ease of use and uniformity in mind, and it shows throughout the entire operating system. When it comes to looks and intuitive work-flow, it's one of the best around.
Many of its applications are home grown, specifically designed for Elementary's Pantheon desktop. From the calendar application to even the email client, everything blends in, with an almost Mac-like aesthetic. Which isn't a bad thing.
A lot of this stems from Elementary's strict adherence to a core set of values. It's these set of guidelines that really makes them stand apart from other Linux operating systems, at least in terms of design. This laser focus leads to a consistent and polished production. A refreshing sight in the Linux world, where its variety is a double-edged sword. While there's a lot of choice to be had, there are benefits of unity, and Elementary OS is an example of that.
While this Linux operating system isn't the greatest example of technological innovation, it makes up for it with an unparalleled focus on quality. And that alone is quite a feat, with all the variety that needs to be sifted through.
These days, it's called Container Linux, but the things it brings to the table still stand, even if its original name doesn't. It's a name known more outside of the desktop world, designed for servers and the like. And for good reason: many of their design choices, such as restricting the base system to the bare minimum (hence the name CoreOS), were made around being ideal for that purpose.
This was done to an even further degree by running essential applications inside containers — a way of keeping them isolated from each other, similar to sandboxes but more restrictive. They do this with a piece of technology called rkt, a home grown alternative to Docker. Especially helpful for an operating system designed around mass deployment.
Along with this, this Linux operating system is designed around easy management of multiple minimal systems at a time. While the common user might not find this useful, having maybe three computers at most, it's especially helpful if you, say, own a large network's worth of them.
Its success has led to Red Hat (creator of Fedora) creating their own, similar operating system called Fedora Atomic. It's testament to the innovation that CoreOS has brought to the table, and will (hopefully) do so in the future.
You might know about how the Linux file system and its list of abbreviated folders work. Gobo Linux argues that the current structure, of ambiguously named locations should be done away with. This is expressed through their own, innovative way of sorting programs out: separating each one into their own folder.
Traditionally, programs are placed into different folders, depending on the type of files they have. For example, configuration files might all be stored in one folder (e.g. /etc), with actual programs in another (e.g. /usr/bin). Gobo Linux then, is quite a departure from that norm, placing all these files into their own special place, under the aptly named /Programs directory.
This carries several positive benefits, not really seen in more traditional operating systems. Interestingly, while this may make the file system easier to understand for users new to Linux, that's only as a by-product to Gobo's primary goal. Specifically, being able to install applications from source, and easily manage them.
The operating system does not rely on a package manager to keep track of everything. As they describe it, the file system itself acts as one, since all the parts of a program are stuck in one place. Removing a program then, is simple as removing the program folder. Another advantage of this is Gobo can easily run multiple versions of different applications. For example, /Programs/Firefox/45.0 and /Programs/Firefox/44.0 could run without a hassle.
While this may seem like a rather novel idea, it certainly has some merit. And while this hierarchy hasn't really been adopted outside of Gobo Linux, it's definitely innovative, both technologically and appearance-wise.


text:
package gov.nist.basekb;

import com.google.common.collect.HashMultimap;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader;
import org.apache.lucene.queryparser.classic.QueryParser;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.kohsuke.args4j.CmdLineException;
import org.kohsuke.args4j.CmdLineParser;
import org.kohsuke.args4j.Option;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;

public class DumpTypes {

    public static String versionString = "1.0";

    private final FreebaseTools tools;

    @Option(name="-q", aliases={"--qrels"}, usage="Queries and kbid file")
    String qrels_file = "/Users/soboroff/basekb/edl/mention-kbid-type.tab";

    @Option(name="-i", aliases={"--index"}, usage="Index location")
    String index_location = "/Users/soboroff/basekb/basekb-shrink-un-so-index.3";

    @Option(name="-c", aliases={"--config"}, usage="FreebaseTools configuration file")
    String config_file = "/Users/soboroff/basekb/basekb-search/config.dat";

    @Option(name="-h", aliases={"--help"}, usage="Show usage")
    boolean showUsage = false;

    public DumpTypes(FreebaseTools fbt) {
        tools = fbt;
    }

    public void setup(String[] args) {
        CmdLineParser parser = new CmdLineParser(this);
        try {
            parser.parseArgument(args);
            if (showUsage) {
                System.err.println(versionString);
                System.err.println("Usage:");
                parser.printUsage(System.err);
                System.exit(0);
            }
        }
        catch (CmdLineException e) {
            System.err.println("ERROR: " + e.getMessage());
            System.err.println("Usage:");
            parser.printUsage(System.err);
            System.exit(1);
        }

        tools.INDEX_DIRECTORY_NAME = index_location;
    }

    public void load() throws Exception {
        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(qrels_file));
        String line = null;
        QueryParser qps = new QueryParser(FreebaseTools.FIELD_NAME_SUBJECT, tools.getIndexAnalyzer());
        IndexSearcher searcher = tools.getIndexSearcher();
        IndexReader reader = tools.getIndexReader();
        HashMultimap<String, String> typemap = HashMultimap.create();

        while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
            String[] fields = line.split("\t");
            System.out.println("# [Query: " + fields[0] + "] [KBid: " + fields[1] + "] [type: " + fields[2] + "]");
            String lookup = "f_" + fields[1];

            // execute a Lucene query for the entity, get back 10 docs
            int docid = tools.getSubjectDocID(lookup);
            if (docid == -1) {
                System.out.println("# kbid not found: " + lookup);
                continue;
            }
            Document d = tools.getDocumentInMode(docid);
            String[] types = d.getValues("r_type");
            for (String t : types) {
                typemap.put(fields[2], t);
            }

        }

        for (String k : typemap.keys()) {
            for (String t : typemap.get(k)) {
                System.out.println(k + " " +t);
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {

        FreebaseTools tools = new FreebaseTools();
        tools.readConfig();

        DumpTypes loader = new DumpTypes(tools);
        loader.setup(args);
        loader.load();
    }
}


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This demo shows how you can generate files and attach them to a document without using the server's disk. This means you don't need unrestricted access rights for the WQS agent or to make sure it always remains signed with an ID allowed to run unrestricted code.
To see it in action enter some text in the fields below. When you save the document it will create and attach a PDF file to this document that has the field values in it. Files will be listed on the document once it is saved.
The DEXT Database is brought to you by Codestore.net and sponsored by Rockall Design ltd.


text:
Q: Progress calculator for JSON file while looping through it I've been working on the project that has to do with data processing. The format utilized inside python application is JSON. I have a task that loops through huge JSON file and makes some sort of calculations. In fact, it can take a lot of time so in order to show the progress of this process I came up with small algorithm for the calculation.
Code sample is:
def update_progress_by_five(self, current, total):
    five_percent_length = int(0.05 * total)
    if five_percent_length > 0 and current % five_percent_length == 0:
        progress = 5 * current / five_percent_length
        progress = 100 if progress > 100 else progress
        print("Progress", progress)
        self.task.set_progress(progress)

It works pretty much on average JSON files, however some cases happen when the progress does not reach to 100 and I have no idea why. It simply stops on 95 and that's all there is to it.

A: The problem is when the result of 0.05 * total is a float that means the entire file length is not divisible by int(0.05 * total) , in other words
in the final call when current is equal to total this current % five_percent_length == 0 never evaluates to true . add a condition to set the progress to 100% when current==total

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How can I get Google Chrome Application Mode to preseve the theme? In Windows, using Version 51.0.2704.106 m, normal mode:
"GoogleChromePortable\GoogleChromePortable.exe" C:\temp\temp.html

shows the theme:

but Application Mode:
"GoogleChromePortable\GoogleChromePortable.exe" --app=file
://C:/temp/temp.html

does not:


Cokoye is an open forum where people discuss issues free.
Corner for Tourism, Arts & culture, Tradition of people and fun.
Ugly picture: Do you have ugly pictures Uglier than these?
Are you a green screen pro?
How do you win the game?
How many of you follow Bollywood ?


Dubai, UAE, July 26, 2016: Aveda, Jo Malone London and MAC Cosmetics are bringing new luxury beauty options to customers traveling through International Terminal D at Dallas Fort Worth International (DFW) Airport. The three stores—all of which are part of the Est�e Lauder Companies, Inc. brand portfolio—celebrated grand openings today with ribbon cuttings and free service offerings.
With a portfolio of more than 30 brands, Est�e Lauder Companies products are sold in more than 150 countries. Solely focused on prestige beauty, Est�e Lauder Companies is widely diversified by brand, category, geography and channels of distribution. The Est�e Lauder Travel Retail division operates in 285 airports worldwide, serving over 316 million departing airline passengers.


I have revisited a text that has blessed us in the past for this month's message, the fact that we are His workmanship. The fascinating truth is that He is the artist, the maker, the one who fashions and sculpts our lives. He makes us according to the pattern who is Jesus. I believe that this message will activate desires of the Spirit in you to live to the fullest as Christ in this world.
April is a very full month for me and for all the staff who are involved in making everything happen! We are having two Bible schools at the beginning and end of the month. The first is the graduation of the present series of modules. We will have been together for 120 hours and a massive amount of truth has been exchanged. Lives have been brought into line with the truth of the love of God in Christ. Congratulations to every graduate!
The new cycle of modules starts April 26-27, 2019 – and this first module is more self-contained, laying down what the whole course is leading to union with the Trinity.
It is titled "Union with the Triune God"; it is the essence of the message that you support each month – the love of God being fulfilled in Christ living in us through the Spirit. It will be practical because we have not studied well until we know how it is lived in daily life. It will take place at the Drury Inn & Suites in San Antonio Near La Cantera Pkwy…Sign up today!
We will be in St. Petersburg, Florida on June 7-8, 2019. The retreat starts at 12:00 noon Friday and Saturday (with a breakfast before). Registration for the retreat is $350 per person and will be at the Crystal Bay Resort (7401 Central Avenue St. Petersburg, Florida). To book your room with the hotel and meals, call (727) 914-7676 and let them know you are booking for the Unconditional Love Retreat. Our group rate for the rooms is $90/night and $35/day for meals. The space is limited so please call the office right away to secure a spot.
The retreat is "Living in the Fullness of God". This is a new retreat – not a rehash of the December retreat! It will open your eyes even wider to this incredible life that we are called to in Christ. We are limited in space so call the office today.


Condiments And Salad Garnish - gtPlaza Inc.
Condiments And Salad Garnish There are no products in this category.
Ketchup is a condiment. ... Tomato ketchup is often used as a condiment to various dishes that are usually served hot: French fries, hamburgers, hot sandwiches, hot dogs, meat pies, cooked eggs, and grilled or fried meat.
It is a savory sauce with onion, garlic, rosemary leaves, mint leaves, vinegar, and water. "Barbecue Sauce For Steaks Or Hamburgers" had equal amounts of ketchup and olive oil, with butter, mustard, Worcestershire, grated onion and garlic, lemon juice, salt and pepper.
Cheez Whiz is a processed cheese sauce or spread that is one of a number of "processed cheese foods", a category including some types of individually wrapped cheese slices.
In cooking, a sauce is a liquid, cream, or semi-solid food served on or used in preparing other foods.Sauces are not normally consumed by themselves; they add flavor, moisture, and visual appeal to another dish.
Pepper sauce is the perfect accompaniment to a juicy grilled steak and takes only a few minutes to knock together and other dishes that will make it even more better.
Mustard is a condiment made from the seeds of a mustard plant The whole, ground, cracked, or bruised mustard seeds are mixed with water, vinegar, lemon juice, wine, or other liquids, salt, and often other flavorings and spices, to create a paste or sauce ranging in color from bright yellow to dark brown.
The most basic way to make a salad taste really, really good is to toss it lightly with good olive oil, then squeeze a little lemon or drizzle some balsamic vinegar over it. Toss with a generous sprinkle of salt and pepper, which are often all too neglected in salads, and you have yourself a delicious side salad.


text:
Telshor Manor shooter to be held until trial
The man accused in last week's homicide of Isaiah Lara outside the Telshor Manor Apartments last week, was out on bond at the time of the homicide.
Telshor Manor shooter to be held until trial The man accused in last week's homicide of Isaiah Lara outside the Telshor Manor Apartments last week, was out on bond at the time of the homicide. Check out this story on lcsun-news.com: https://www.lcsun-news.com/story/news/2019/11/18/telshor-manor-shooter-held-isaac-vargas-until-trial/4232461002/
Bethany Freudenthal, Las Cruces Sun-News Published 3:26 p.m. MT Nov. 18, 2019
Murder suspect Isaac Vargas arrives in Third Judicial District Court on Monday Nov. 18, 2019. (Photo: Bethany Freudenthal /Sun-News)
LAS CRUCES - The man who fatally shot Isaiah Lara last week outside the Telshor Manor Apartment Complex was out on bond when the alleged homicide happened.
In a pretrial detention hearing in Third Judicial District Court on Monday, Judge Douglas Driggers ruled that there were no conditions of release that would keep the community safe from Isaac Vargas, 42, who has an extensive criminal history.
Vargas shot Lara, 33, once in the chest on Nov. 11. Vargas fled the scene after the shooting and claimed self-defense when he was taken into custody two days later.
Stay informed. Sign up for a subscription to the Sun-News.
Defense Attorney Raymond Conley supported Vargas' claims of self defense.
"When the guy reached for something, my client defended himself," Conley said in court Monday.
Deputy District Attorney Anne Marie Peterson told the court witnesses on the scene said there was no argument, or no aggressive movement from Lara toward Vargas.
Peterson argued Vargas should be held behind bars until trial because he didn't immediately cooperate with authorities.
"He had to be looked for, he had to be found and in that statement he also admits to taking clothing and the firearm, and handing it over to someone else to discard," she said, referring to Vargas' interview with police after his arrest.
Vargas has a history of violent offenses including aggravated battery with a deadly weapon, aggravated battery against a household member, armed robbery, aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, possession of a controlled and a number of parole violations.
On Aug. 8, Vargas was arrested and charged with robbery, the unlawful taking of a motor vehicle, and possession of heroin. Court records show Vargas was indicted on Aug. 29 and on Oct 25 he entered a plea of not guilty.
"The defendant allegedly committed this murder while out on conditions of release," Driggers said during the hearing.
Bethany Freudenthal can be reached at bfreudenthal@lcsun-news.com, 575-541-5449 or @bethanyfreuden1 on Twitter.
Interactives:
2019 Doña Ana County homicide map
2019 Doña Ana County homicide timeline
Read or Share this story: https://www.lcsun-news.com/story/news/2019/11/18/telshor-manor-shooter-held-isaac-vargas-until-trial/4232461002/
Ronchetti to run for US Senate in New Mexico
Governor seeks raises for teachers, state workers
Sick oryx euthanized after chase around NMSU
Man sentenced to 31.5 years for killing two
Rezoning for Stern and Boutz lot tabled again
Man accused of hitting woman with socket wrench


Staying clean in space is a challenge.
Allergies are on the rise across the developed world, and hay fever and eczema have trebled in the last 30 years.
How often do people actually clean their most-used items?


text:
Meeting People Where They Are: Delivering Culturally Congruent Health Messages
Take the word mosquito and replace it with sancudo (the word most often used in place of mosquito across Central America) in a public health infographic, and you have just strengthened your message about the prevention of mosquito-borne illnesses across the region, Jahn explains. Jahn Jaramillo, MPH, is a 3rd year PHI/CDC Global Health Surveillance Fellow for the Division of Global Health Protection within CDC's Central America Regional office in Guatemala. Not only language, he points out, but how a message is communicated and by whom, is crucial to implementing effective messages to create healthy choices, and even save lives.
Not only language, he points out, but how a message is communicated and by whom, is crucial to implementing effective messages to create healthy choices, and even save lives.
Bilingual in Spanish with a background in global health research, HIV, and tuberculosis (mainly in the US, Thailand, and the Philippines), Jahn has spent the past 2 years working in Guatemala with CDC. Since June of this year, he has been temporarily based in Atlanta, home of CDC Headquarters, supporting the Guatemala office remotely and working on CDC's COVID-19 response in the U.S. in Latino immigrant and refugee populations. Both his experiences in the US and in Central America with CDC have reinforced and heightened his awareness of the importance of multi-cultural and multi-lingual messaging.
With CDC's Emergency Operations Center, Jahn worked under the Global Migration Task Force, Mobile Populations Team to support the Kansas Department of Health and Environment. Jahn interviewed community leaders and employees of meatpacking plants in Southwest Kansas to address COVID-19 spreading among workers at the plants. Given that employees are largely immigrants or refugees, Jahn quickly realized that to prevent outbreaks in these communities, there are language needs not only in Spanish, but also in Mayan dialects, Arabic, Haitian Creole, and Burmese, among others. Often, it is what is not being said that signals a disconnect. This is especially apparent when interviewees respond with brief or one-word answers to questions regarding behaviors and attitudes about health, implying that they may not be able to understand the posted health mandates or information in English. While technology has increased the ease of speaking with participants in other states, not having face to face interaction makes it harder to build trust especially in vulnerable or marginalized populations where there is apprehension about outsiders who they may not trust, particularly government agencies that they might not have a connection with. These challenges emphasize the importance of using a participant's native language in interviews to better understand health communication needs amidst a pandemic. Jahn recognized that "culturally congruent messaging" is a key priority to guide workers to healthy decisions and prevent COVID-19 from spreading. His team found that informal community leaders with a higher proficiency of English amongst their peers often are the ones who communicate messages to their respective communities. As such, these leaders serve as a bridge that unites their community with important public health information, so it is especially crucial to include these leaders in future plans to increase engagement/participation within studies and strengthen prevention tactics.
Jahn recognized that "culturally congruent messaging" is a key priority to guide workers to healthy decisions and prevent COVID-19 from spreading.
Similarly, in Central America, Jahn has helped create and strengthen health communications for CDC's Central America Regional office (CAR). In Honduras, Jahn was part of the dengue outbreak response alongside CDC epidemiologists, clinicians, and laboratory specialists. In Honduras, CDC has printed thousands of health communications materials for local clinics and hospitals to educate communities about dengue. Working across the region, it is important to deliver effective messages and help make CDC's work visible, both to understand diseases better, and justify the need for continued funding of vital public health projects.
Jahn meets Dr. Martinez, a CDC-trained FETP (Field Epidemiology Training Program) graduate, and her team of volunteers to capture/record/document their success in controlling dengue in a community of Honduras. Photo credit: Jahn Jaramillo
This work comes at a historic time aside from the pandemic- it is the first time in history that several countries in Central America, including Belize, Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, have collaborated with CDC to monitor and quantify the occurrence of acute febrile illnesses (AFIs). Various US universities currently partner with CDC CAR to conduct surveillance work on AFIs to help assess why someone has a fever and ultimately what the burden of disease is in country. As a Fellow, Jahn met with the Honduran Minister of Health, Alba Consuelo Flores, earlier this year on behalf of a CDC-funded research initiative with Harvard and Yale University to expand AFI surveillance to Honduras and respond to a recent dengue outbreak. The Minister enthusiastically agreed to this partnership and Jahn covered his response to the dengue outbreak on CDC's Center for Global Health website. Additionally, he met with the Director of Communications at the Ministry of Health, which was an "eye opening and amazing opportunity" to help develop fact sheets about dengue and prevention, and provide resources CDC has internally while working with the local government to contextualize their messages under a local context. This opportunity helped the Honduran government understand what CDC can offer, and the exchange of ideas was a lesson in what the US can learn from Honduras' successes in public health, while furthering diplomatic relationships between the two countries.
Jahn in Honduras meeting with the Ministra de Salud / Minister of Health, Alba Consuelo Flores, Photo Credit: Secretaría de Salud, Honduras
Strong communications, along with investment in global health diplomacy and engagement with public health leaders across countries, can help improve the understanding of a population's health needs. Collaborative partnership across agencies including the US Embassy, USAID, CDC, and Ministries of Health are key in advancing the health of populations in Central America, fostering strong diplomatic relationships and furthering CDC/US interests while help saving lives. As a global health professional, Jahn considers how CDC can best convey important health information to the public, and carry out best practices. In Guatemala, he has seen this via interpersonal interactions with comadronas– women who have built trust in their communities as a health information resource and play a similar role to a mid-wife. In more rural areas of Guatemala, information has traditionally been spread orally, and what works in one community might not work in another. Messages take on anthropological lives of their own and must be adapted to community preferences and needs.
Strong communications, along with investment in global health diplomacy and engagement with public health leaders across countries, can help improve the understanding of a population's health needs.
Now, CDC CAR is incorporating COVID-19 into AFI surveillance, by figuring out how to use this existing regional platform to help ministries of health and participating Central American countries determine the burden of COVID-19. As Jahn heads back to Guatemala this fall, he hopes to take the lessons he has learned from the COVID-19 response in the US to ask the right questions from the people he is addressing, before he can help circulate the right answers. Whether through site visits or monthly calls with partners, it is important, he says, to "help clinicians and providers make decisions to save lives and promote the wellbeing of different populations."
Read more about CDC's work in Central America here.


First Choice Florida Vacation Rentals specializes in homes and condos in St. Augustine Beach, historic St. Augustine, Crescent Beach, Vilano Beach and South Ponte Vedra. The staff has over 25 years of experience in property management and works to provide vacationers and potential residents with a good selection of accommodation options.
The vacation rentals are offered at daily, weekly, and monthly rates. All vacation rentals are convenient to restaurants, shopping and local points of interest. They also offer pet-friendly accommodations for those bringing their dog on vacation.
All of the properties have fully equipped kitchens, cable TV, tasteful furnishings, linens, and all the basic necessities. First Choice Florida Vacation Rentals provides 24-hour emergency service for our guests.


text:
Call 0141 564 7700 Emailinfo@fitzallan.com
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01415647700 info@fitzallan.com
NEST pensions
NEST (National Employment Savings Trust) is a pension scheme designed to help employers meet their auto-enrolment pension duties.
Employers do not have to use NEST to comply but they do have to automatically enrol eligible employees into a qualifying pension scheme. NEST pensions are run by a non-departmental public body that operates at arm's length from the Government and is accountable to Parliament through the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP).
In order to comply with the new pension reforms, employers will have to:
Provide a qualifying pension scheme
Automatically enrol eligible employees
Pay employer contributions
Tell all eligible employees that they have been automatically enrolled and that they have the right to opt out
Register with the Pensions Regulator and provide details of their pension scheme and the number of people they have enrolled.
NEST pensions are designed to accommodate these requirements.
Pensions - Further details
Registered Pension Schemes
Self-directed investments
Self-invested personal pensions (SIPPs)
Small self-administered pension schemes (SSAS)
Changing Employers
Pension Ages - minimum and maximum
The State Pension
Taking Benefits from an Arrangement
Pensions Life Insurance
Pension Fund Projector
Full Pensions Audit
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