text:
Confronting Evil
The Battle of Maxton Field
An image of the clash now held by the State Archives - Source: NCDCR
On January 18, 1958, the Ku Klux Klan rallied in a field outside of Maxton in Robeson County to "put the Indians in their place, to end race mixing." ( Excerpt from Lumbees Rally, Klansmen Scurry, in Robeson County - This Day In NC History)
I've been researching my father's family history and while trying to verify our Native American ancestry, I came across this article and video of folk singer Malvina Reynolds telling the story of the North Carolina Lumbee Tribe and their encounter with the KKK in January of 1958:
Lumbees Rally, Klansmen Scurry, in Robeson County
On January 18, 1958, the Ku Klux Klan rallied in a field outside of Maxton in Robeson County to "put the Indians in their place, to end race mixing."
A generator powered the public address system and the single light bulb that illuminated the speaker's immediate area. With only the dim light, the Klansmen, numbering less than 100, could not see the hundreds of Lumbee, some armed, surrounding them. The two groups clashed and struggled over the light bulb until a gunshot shattered it. More gunshots rang out in the darkness as the Lumbee routed the Klansmen from the field, ending the night's event. Police arrested the Klan leader, James "Catfish" Cole, for inciting a riot. He was convicted and served a year in prison.
The incident garnered national attention in contemporary news outlets, including a three-page spread in Life magazine. [Scroll down to page 26.] Several images captured the unfolding events and the aftermath, including a triumphant Simeon Oxendine wrapped in the captured KKK banner. Oxendine was a prominent Lumbee community leader and a World War II veteran who flew more than 30 bombing missions.
In 1967, folklorist Malvina Reynolds paid homage to the confrontation in her song "Battle of Maxton Field."
Source: https://www.ncdcr.gov/blog/2014/01/18/lumbees-rally-klansmen-scurry-in-robeson-county
Dear Father in Heaven,
Thank You for preserving this piece of history and for the the brave men of the Lumbee Tribe who stood their ground and stamped out the KKK rally at the Battle of Maxton Field. Please honor their memory. I also pray Americans will continue to say "no" to hateful groups like the KKK and others who claim "white" supremacy.
In Lord Jesus Name, amen.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
For a Biblical viewpoint regarding race, please listen to: Link: https://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=9317145182
The Lumbees face the Klan
Nicholas Graham, "January 1958: The Lumbees face the Klan."
This Month in North Carolina History, January 2005.
Provided by UNC Libraries / North Carolina Collection.
On the night of January 13, 1958, crosses were burned on the front lawns of two Lumbee Indian families in Robeson County, N.C. Nobody had to ask who was responsible. The Ku Klux Klan had risen again in North Carolina, its ranks swelling after the 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education calling for the desegregation of public schools. While the Court instructed schools to proceed with "all deliberate speed," the Klan fought — often in the form of anonymous nighttime attacks — to slow the process of integration.
Robeson County in the 1950s had a uniquely tri-racial population. There were about 40,000 whites, 30,000 Native Americans, and 25,000 African Americans, each group with its own separate school system. Although the Klan had typically targeted African Americans, in early 1958 a group led by James W. "Catfish" Cole of South Carolina began harassing the Lumbees. One of the crosses burned on the night of January 13 was on the lawn of a Lumbee family that had recently moved into a predominantly white neighborhood, while the other was intended to intimidate a Lumbee woman who was said to have been dating a white man. Not content to leave it at this, the Klan planned a rally in Robeson County to be held just a few days later.
The rally was scheduled for the night of January 18, 1958, in a field near Maxton, N.C. The stated purpose of the gathering was, in the words of Catfish Cole, "to put the Indians in their place, to end race mixing." The time and location of the rally was not kept secret, and word spread quickly among the local Lumbee population.
Reports vary about the number of people gathered on that cold night, but there were thought to have been around a hundred Klan members. They brought a large banner emblazoned with "KKK" and a portable generator, which powered a public address system and a single bare light bulb. When the meeting began, the arc of the dim light didn't spread far enough for the Klansmen to see that they were surrounded by as many as a thousand Lumbees. Several young tribe members, some of whom were armed, closed on the Klan meeting and tried to take down the light bulb. The groups fought, and a shotgun blast shattered the light. In the sudden darkness, the Lumbees descended upon the field, yelling and firing guns into the air, scattering the overmatched Klansmen. Some left under police protection while others, including Catfish Cole, simply took to the woods.
News photographers already on the scene captured the celebration. Images of triumphant Lumbees holding up the abandoned KKK banner were published in newspapers and magazines throughout the world. Simeon Oxendine, a popular World War II veteran, appeared in Life magazine, smiling and wrapped in the banner. The rout of the Klan galvanized the Lumbee community. The Ku Klux Klan was active in North Carolina into the 1960s, but they never held another public meeting in Robeson County.
Link: http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-postwar/6068
Battle of Hayes Pond (Wikipedia)
The Battle of Hayes Pond was an armed confrontation between the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and the Lumbee Indians at a Klan rally near Maxton, North Carolina, on the night of January 18, 1958. Grand Dragon James W. "Catfish" Cole was the organizer of the Klan rally. Sanford Locklear, Simeon Oxendine and Neill Lowery were leaders of the Lumbee who attacked the Klansmen and successfully disrupted the rally.
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hayes_Pond
Song Lyrics to The Battle of Maxton Field
[Excerpt:]
The headlights shone, the Klansmen stood
In circle brave and fine,
When suddenly a whoop was heard
That curdled every spine,
An Indian youth with steely eyes,
Sauntered in alone,
He calmly drew his shootin' iron
And conked the microphone.
Another shot, the lights went out,
There was a moment's hush,
Then a hundred thousand Lumbee boys
Came screaming from the brush.
Well, maybe not a million quite,
But surely more than four,
And the Klansmen shook from head to foot
And headed for the door.
The Lumbee Indians whooped and howled
In the ancient Lumbee way,
And the Klansmen melted off the ground
Like snow on a sunny day.
Our histories will long record
That perilous advance,
When many a Klansman left the field
With buckshot in his pants.
Link: http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/MALVINA/mr011.htm
Lumbee: Ku Klux Klan conflict (Wikipedia)
During the 1950s, the Croatan Indians (as they were then called) made nationwide news when they came into conflict with the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacist organization headed by Klan Grand Dragon James W. "Catfish" Cole. Cole began a campaign of harassment against the Lumbee, claiming they were "mongrels and half-breeds" whose "race mixing" threatened to upset the established order of segregated Jim Crow South.[citation needed] After giving a series of speeches denouncing the "loose morals" of Lumbee women, Cole burned a cross in the front yard of a Lumbee woman in St. Pauls, North Carolina, as a "warning" against "race mixing".[citation needed] Emboldened, Cole called for a Klan rally on January 18, 1958, near the town of Maxton. The Lumbee, led by recent veterans of the Second World War, decided to disrupt the rally.
The "Battle of Hayes Pond", also known as "the Klan Rout", made national news.[33] Cole had predicted more than 5,000 Klansmen would show up for the rally, but fewer than 100 and possibly as few as three dozen attended. Approximately 500 Lumbee, armed with guns and sticks, gathered in a nearby swamp, and when they realized they possessed an overwhelming numerical advantage, attacked the Klansmen. The Lumbee encircled the Klansmen, opening fire and wounding four Klansmen in the first volley, none seriously. The remaining Klansmen panicked and fled. Cole was found in the swamps, arrested and tried for inciting a riot. The Lumbee celebrated the victory by burning Klan regalia and dancing around the open flames.[33]
The Battle of Hayes Pond, which marked the end of Klan activity in Robeson County, is celebrated as a Lumbee holiday.
Official logo of the Lumbee Tribe of NC - Source: Wikipedia
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbee#Ku_Klux_Klan_conflict
Labels: American History Christian Ethics Confronting Evil


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Current word count: 3,094/50,000 words.
Soundtrack: A series of the husband's favourite doom metal songs.
It's almost midnight. Friday night. I'm exhausted and kicking myself for not writing sooner. But I was up super late last night and it's thrown my sleep patterns out of whack.
Why was I up late last night? Because the mighty Wintersun were blessing Melbourne with their amazing music for the first time ever. I managed to push my way to the front, touch the hands of two of the band members when they reached down to high-five fans, and lost my voice singing at the top of my lungs for 1 ½ hours. It was an incredible night and it will go down in my memories as quite possibly the best concert I've ever attended. And I've attended a lot of concerts in my time (20 years of concert going so far, and counting!).
It did leave me wondering, though, what do I do with my life now? I'm ticking off pretty much all the bands on my musical bucket list. It doesn't leave a whole lot of goals for me to pursue. It's a strange feeling, to have moments that feel like the pinnacle of existence, that are so incredible in that space, only to leave me wishing that it didn't have to end.
Maybe I'm just ruminating on existential stuff because I'm very tired after the chaos of recent weeks and when I'm tired my neural pathways have to work harder to stave off negative thought patterns.
There is my writing, and my art, but in so many ways I feel like such an amateur. Quite frankly my life isn't great for a whole variety of reasons, and I do have to wonder if this is all there is to it. I try to channel these questions into my writing and art by giving my characters the madness I can't harbour in myself lest I implode.
So often I wish I could create art that affects and moves people the way that some music affects me. I wish that it was my words, my performance, my ink and pencil work, my poetry, my imagination, that made people shout and cry and demand more from this existence than the ordinary.


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Source: Richard Rodriguez/Getty Images
Week 13 was full of surprises, and disappointments (depending who you are). The Niners and Ravens heavyweight showdown lived up to the billing, the Steelers are surprising the critics, and the AFC East is the worst division in football. Here are the 5 Takeaways from Week 13.
1. The Steelers Aren't Sitting Ducks
If you asked me if the Pittsburgh Steelers would be 7-5 at this point of the season with Mason Rudolph and "Duck" Hodges as their QB's I would have laughed at your face. No Big Ben, no AB, no Bell, Connor has been hurting all season, Juju has been inconsistent, and Pouncey is suspended. I have no clue how they are winning games, but here we are.
The Steelers are in a playoff spot right now, even with third string QB Devlin Hodges as their starter. Hodges has been surprisingly efficient when called upon. He didn't turn the ball over this past week and threw for multiple touchdowns in the win. against Baker Mayfield and the Browns.
So far, a banged up Steelers team has overcome some big odds this season and are now in the thick of the wildcard race.
2. Derrick Henry Is A Man Possessed
The Titans running back has been running like a wild child this season. The last three weeks, Henry has rushed for 496 yards and 5 touchdowns. In total, Henry has rushed for 1,140 yards this season. That means 43 percent of Henry's rushing yards were from the last three games. Also, almost half of his 12 touchdowns were from the same 3 weeks as well.
Henry is now ranked 3rd in rushing and is only 35 yards behind rushing leader Nick Chubb. The only Titans offensive stat that's in the top 10 is there rushing offence and that's thanks to Henry. The big man has accounted for 33 percent of the team's total touchdowns this season and that will jump if Henry continues to play like a mad man.
3. The NFC East Should Be Disqualified
Every couple of years we get a division that bogs down the playoff picture with a host of crappy teams and is labelled the NFL's worst division. For the longest time that title belonged to the AFC South, but now that title goes to the NFC East.
Heading into week 14, none of the 4 teams are over 500. The Giants have lost 10 straight games, the Redskins aren't any better, the Eagles just lost to the embarrassing Dolphins, and the division leading Cowboys can only beat sub .500 teams. What is usually a competitive division, the NFC East has turned into something very ugly this season.
4. Are The Texans A Legit Threat?
The Houston Texans surprised many with their win against the Patriots. It was the thirteenth meeting between the two teams, with Houston only grabbing one win against the Pats all-time, and to pile on, Houston haven't beaten New England in almost a decade.
Houston this season has been playing good football. Their defence has been a bend don't break type mentality, sure they give up a lot of yards, but points are hard to come by for opposing teams. Their offence is no slouch this year either, and leading the way is Deshaun Watson, who is tied for third in passing touchdowns and can also get the job done using his legs.
While the Texans might have been written off early in the season, they have had some big wins since their less than stellar start. They made light work of the 10-2 Pats, they beat the AFC West division leading KC Chiefs, erasing a 17-3 first quarter deficit, and they were a field goal miss away from beating a 10 win Saints team in week 1. With a talented receiving core, a decent run game, and stingy defence, the Texans could actually make a run in the playoffs.
5. Ravens Won, But Niners Should Their Worth
The Niners lost the game but their defence, for the most part, held Lamar Jackson down.The Ravens only scored 20 points and Jackson barley cracked over 100 passing yards. L-Jax did eclipse 100 yards rushing, and he got two touchdowns in total, but the Niners should have confidence going forward.
San Fran ended the Ravens 5 game streak of scoring 30 or more points, and the Ravens 283 yards of offence was their lowest total since week 5 against the Steelers. The Niners were a 4 down stop away from possibly getting the ball back and potentially going for the go ahead score. While they did give up the game winning kick with no time left on the clock, the Niners defence had a good outing containing Jackson.
After the game Lamar Jackson said that the Niners game was a "dogfight". It took a 4th down conversion and a field goal by one of the best kickers in the game to come out on top against one of the toughest defences in the league. San Fran in the loss looked better than most against Baltimore this season.

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Knowing how to play an instrument in high school is not a big surprise, but being able to achieve multiple extraordinary achievements at such a young age is exceptional.
Jeffrey Luo – a talented grade eleven pianist who has received dozens of awards, prizes, and scholarships at local competitions and festivals – is undoubtedly a remarkable musician. When Jeffrey was five years old, he first started to play the piano because, according to Jeffrey's original words, "it looked like a computer keyboard, and at the time, [he] was addicted to video games." Ever since then, he has participated in competitions on a national and international scale. Besides piano, Jeffrey has played the clarinet for a year in the school band. Jeffrey's other hobbies include coding, golf, and of course, video games. His favourite style of music is electronic music and pop, and his favourite piano composer is Chopin.
He placed first in the Canadian Music Competition in both 2007 and 2010, as well as third in 2015, and has been a semifinalist in the Gina Bachauer International Junior Competition and the International Piano-e-Competition. At the 2011 Richmond BC Music Festival, he received four scholarship awards and the Tom Lee Music Trophy for overall Best Performer in all divisions. At the 2013 gala competition of the same festival, he was again awarded the scholarship and top prize as overall best performer. Jeffrey first appeared as soloist with the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra in 2011 (Mozart Concerto No. 21) when he was only 13 years old, recalling this experience as "one of the highlights of [his] life". He performed as soloist again in 2013 (Chopin Variations on Mozart's "La ci darem la mano"). In April 2016, he performed with the Vancouver Philharmonic Orchestra (Rachmaninoff Rhapsody on a Theme by Paganini) at the Chan Centre for the Performing Arts. In addition, Jeffrey has been a third-time performer at the annual Harvest of Music Festival, and performed at numerous healthcare centers around the greater Vancouver area in appearances organized by the Health Arts Society.
We will be hearing more from Jeffrey in the future as he plans to take music production in university.
As a musician, music to Jeffrey is more to than a collection of sounds and syllables. He believes that "music brings people together, since it crosses language barriers".
Lastly, Jeffrey leaves some wise advice to budding artists: "Since art is relatively easy to create, to become successful, you need to create meaning behind your art".


On a distant world, a statue of local hero Gold Hawk sits in the center of a crowd looking up at giant aliens that have visited their world. These giants look as if they are giant mecha Hawkmen. Before the crowd can determine who, these visitors are, the giant aliens destroy the cities of the planet.
Meanwhile, Hawkman has been teleported through time and space and now finds himself in the past on Thanagar. He is now being pursued by Katar Hol, his former self in a previous life.
Hawkman tries to reason with Katar Hol, but Hol believes Hawkman is the shape-changer Byth. Just as Hawkman seems to be getting through to Katar, Hawkman sees Shayera and Katar Hol is forced to make a quick decision.
What can I say? I love archeology, history and mythology so I like the Carter Hall Hawkman. But I have also always loved science fiction as well and that's what defines the Katar Hol Hawkman. Ive always liked the idea of Thanagar and of Hawkman being part of a police force. So, this issue is really great for me because I get to see both Hawkmen meet each other.
It's also great to see Shayera, or Hawkgirl. With the revelation that Hawkman is reborn, not only on Earth, but on other planets as well and across a much older timeline than first believed, it wasn't clear if Hawkgirl did as well. Her backstory still hasn't been tackled yet, but it is a safe assumption that her story is similar and with her appearing in this issue, we may very well find out more about her very soon.
As is such with the entire series so far, it is difficult to find many negatives with this book. But knowing how violent Thanagar can be and how tough the Hawkmen are, Katar Hol became a little too trusting of Hawkman too quickly. He went from thinking Hawkman was an evil shape-shifter to willingly relinquish his artifact in such a short time it felt like a bit of a stretch. But to be fair, this progressed the story in a timely manner and with only one more issue left in the arc, it's reasonable to understand why Venditti took this approach.
Another negative would be how little we got to see of this world. I've always been partial to the Katar Hol version of Hawkman and to see him actually interact with Carter Hall is really exciting. I would love to see an entire arc dedicated to the two of them somehow joining forces.
It was great to see Katar Hol meet Carter Hall and the Deathbringers are becoming more and more intriguing. I look forward to seeing how that arc plays out. This issue moved the story forward, but if readers are just jumping on this title, reading this issue could confuse them. Especially considering how confusing the Hawkman mythos was previously to this title. But Venditti is cleaning up that mythos in a very compelling and exciting storyline, so I would suggest to any of those readers to definitely go back and read the first three issues.


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Firstly another very massive thank-you to all of you. Passing the 650,000 mark on our discards protest letter sign up (and the number is still rising) is a fantastic result. Myself and the whole fish fight team are seriously thrilled. Everything you are doing to help is hugely appreciated and most importantly it`s already started to make an impact. We`ve already had some substantial wins, many of which you can see on the impact page on our website.
Today is a particularly special day for the campaign – as you may have heard if you`ve caught the news. The EU fisheries commissioner, Maria Damanaki, has called an extraordinary meeting to launch her proposal to ban the practice of "discards" under a reformed CFP. It`s an exciting development, that not only shows we`re being heard, but takes us a step closer to the goal of ending this insane waste of good fish.
It`s important to mention that this is the first stage of a reform process that will take more than a year to complete and no decisions are going to be made at this point. Claims of "victory" for the campaign would be very premature. My understanding is that it will be a "closed doors" meeting to kick around some radical ideas – including the discards ban – with fisheries ministers from all the EU countries. We will be following what happens closely and keeping you all informed.
So we still need your help. Please forward this email to your friends asking them to sign the petition www.fishfight.net – especially any friends or family within Europe as their support could help to make a massive difference. To bring them up to speed (and to remind you what all the fuss is about!) there`s also a new page of video clips from my Channel 4 Fish Fight shows which you can pass on and spread the word.
The other good news is that 218 MP`s have now signed our Early Day Motion (EDM) and Zac Goldsmith raised the issue of the Common Fisheries Reform at Prime Minister`s Questions. If you haven`t already written to your MP urging him to sign the EDM please do so! Getting this issue debated in parliament would be a massive boost to the campaign. You can find out how in our easy guide here.
One of the things that`s inspired me the most is the way so many of you have all shown a huge commitment to change your fish eating habits. Reports show indisputably that sales of sustainable fish have soared in supermarkets. We`ve also received hundreds of emails and seen thousands of facebook posts and tweets from you all, saying the same thing. And some of you are showing a great deal of flair in the way you`re enjoying your sustainable fish. We`ve shared some of these pictures as part of our Fish Fighters Wall of Fame, please do go and take a look.
This is all a direct result of your unwavering support and commitment to action. We know how many of you have written to MP`s, badgered your local supermarkets for more variety and have generally been spreading the word far and wide.
But the fight doesn`t stop here! Plans are afoot for some serious campaigning over the next few days, weeks and months. I`m more sure than ever that your efforts will really help turn our protests into policy at the European level. So please do keep spreading the word about the Fish Fight.
We`ve loved seeing pictures of the sustainable fish suppers you`ve been cooking. Like this Pan fried Mackerel on crushed Cheshire potatoes with sour cream and chives and herb butter from Vicki Keane. Please send further pictures of your culinary delights to hello@fishfight.net It`s fantastic to read your incredible campaigning stories. David Hankey has penned letters to his MP, MEP`s, local paper, radio station and even written to and received a response from Maria Damanaki herself. Please send photos, videos and info of what you`ve been up to, to hello@fishfight.net. You may be featured on our Fish Fighters Wall of Fame.


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Sergey M. Zimatkin
Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology at Grodno State Medical University, Belarus.
Sergey Zimatkin, MD, PhD, Biology is Doctor, Full Professor, Head, Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology at Grodno State Medical University, Belarus. He graduated as a physician at the Grodno State Medical Institute (1974); postgraduate education at Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology (1974-1977); fellowship at Biomedical Research Center, ALKO Ltd., Helsinki, Finland (1986, 1991, 1993, 1994). He was also visiting professor at School of Medicine, Health Science Center, University of Colorado (1994, 1997, 2000); Fulbright Program at Health Science Center, Huston, Texas (2002). He has defended his PhD in Medicine (1979, at the 2-nd Moscow State Medical Institute, thesis: Morphofunctional changes in stomach and duodenum mucosa following vagotomy) and his Doctor of Biological Sciences degree (1990), He has awarded the Title of Professor in Morphology and Physiology (2001); He is participant and speaker over 30 international congresses, organizer and heard of the 6 Symposia (Stockholm, Copenhagen, Grodno, Paris, Heidelberg, Washington). Member of Editorial board of several research journals. He is the author of 11 research monographs and over 500 academic publications in basic and applied neurochemistry and neurohistology, experimental neuropathology, brain development and biomedical research on alcoholism (about 1000 citations, Hirsch index 17 on Scopus), 15 patents, more then 20 Textbooks and Manuals on Histology, Cytology and Embryology and he is also Supervisor of 10 doctoral theses. He has received several Grants: from Finnish Government, European Science Foundation, Soros Foundation for high level publications and participation in Congress in Australia, from NIH USA for research in Colorado University and participation in the Congresses in Washington and Denver, Fulbright fellowship from the USA Department of State, from Civilian Research and Development Foundation, etc.
Neurochemistry and Neurohistology, Experimental Neuropathology, Brain development and biomedical research on alcoholism


The 34.38 metre motor yacht True North, listed for sale by Crom Littlejohn at Northrop & Johnson, is sold with Andrew Cilla at Luke Brown Yachts introducing the buyer.
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She differs dramatically from her sisterships in that she features a highly customized Robin Rose interior using cherry wood joinery, custom onyx finishes, and custom soft goods and wall coverings throughout. Her main saloon and dining area are spacious with generous seating and large windows that provide panoramic views. She also has an enormous pilothouse with a 27 inch flat screen television that doubles as a social center with generous seating and panoramic views.
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In Times Like These (The Royal Society of Canada Special Publications)
by Veronica Strong-Boag • Nellie Lillian McClung
Nellie McClung's fourth book, In Times Like These, written in 1915, survives as a classic formulation of a feminist position. With hard-hitting rhetoric it demands women's rights as a logical extension of traditional views of female moral superiority and maternal responsibility.... More


Takeaway: There are a number of ways to fight off a pest infestation in your garden the organic way. Some organic methods are preventive, while others are trench warfare, pitting beneficial insects against destructive ones. Some techniques use microbes, while others rely on pheromone traps, and still others employ colorful lures. Which methods will you pull out of your arsenal the next time your hunting expedition turns up something ugly?
Since the dawn of agriculture, when humans realized seeds were next season's plants in storage, man has had a love-hate relationship with nature. But it all comes down to this: Plants are our planet's food. Directly or indirectly, they sustain every living thing on Earth, and we've been waging a longstanding war against pests to secure our fair share and then some.
There's evidence humans used sulfur as an insecticide more than 5,000 years ago. This means chemical aids are only the latest tools in our effort to control pests. Organic methods, on the other hand, have had a 5,000-year head start, which is plenty of time for nature to have developed effective, environmentally friendly strategies to help plants beat bugs, bacteria and fungi.
Before we start looking at organic pest control options, it's important to recognize that the term organic doesn't always mean safer, although it can, and words like chemical and synthetic aren't synonymous with words like dangerous or unhealthy.
The term organic simply means derived from nature, or a substance or process that does not use synthetic chemical components or hormones. It sounds good, but keep in mind that while vinegar is organic, so is arsenic, strychnine and cyanide. While these poisons are organic, you don't want to treat your crops with them.
The US Department of Agriculture has loosened restrictions on the use of some types of relatively benign chemical treatments on crops sold as certified organic, and has issued cautions about some broad-spectrum organic solutions. These actions remain loyal to the spirit of organic labeling, while still addressing some of the problems presented by today's persistent pests. Depending on what and how you grow, you may find yourself dealing with a similar type of balancing act in your outdoor or indoor garden.
The best organic pest control solution for you depends on where your garden is located, how big it is, what you are growing and what pests represent the biggest threat. Some organic methods are preventive, while others are trench warfare, pitting beneficial insects against destructive ones. Some techniques use microbes, while others rely on pheromone traps, and still others employ colorful lures.
A few techniques inject plain old common sense into the mix, while the most aggressive techniques rely on naturally derived insect poisons. What's the best natural method? There's no right answer! The best method—or combination of methods—is the one that works for your specific situation, the discovery of which will probably take a little observation and research.
Let's look at the most effective organic solutions you can use to discourage pests, starting with the least invasive first.
If your small garden is plagued with insects you can get a grip on, just pick them off your plants and drop them into a bucket of soapy water. Leave the bucket upwind of your veggie patch or favorite flowerbed, and the smell of dead Japanese beetles or tomato horn worms may discourage others from encroaching on risky territory. It may seem like an unpleasant job at first, but after a few sessions and the diligent use of garden gloves, most gardeners become desensitized to this process and consider it a good way to get up close and personal with their plants. Your efforts will provide you with important information, such as when specific bugs are most active, what types of plants they prefer and where their eggs and larvae are hiding.
Erecting a barrier between your plants and the pests that want to make a meal out of them is a classic pest control solution. If you have an indoor garden or greenhouse, you know this plan isn't foolproof, but it has merit.
While row covers and other barriers reduce pest problems, there is still a threat from pests that burrow into the soil under plants, and windborne eggs, larvae, spores and other threats that can pass through wire mesh or fabric. Barriers may also reduce airflow to plants, and make weeding and plant pollination more difficult. Adding a barrier may seem like an extreme solution, but with pesky invaders like rabbits, and pesticide-resistant insects, it might be the best way to take back control of your garden.
Traps use pheromones to lure and kill large quantities of destructive insects. They sound like a good idea, but they are often not enough. An epic fail can occur when there are too many insects for a trap to handle. A study conducted by the USDA found that even under optimal conditions, Japanese beetle traps catch about 75% of the beetles that approach. Without close monitoring and other complementary pest control measures in place, using traps can result in increasing pest populations instead of eliminating them.
Another pest control option is drawing pests away from specific crops. For example, a bright-yellow squash flower is a beautiful sight for a squash beetle. If you plant other types of yellow flowers—possibly a few sacrificial squash plants—and even place some yellow plastic tape in another part of your garden, beetles will be drawn there, find what they want and leave your primary crop more or less intact. To increase the effectiveness of this strategy, intersperse catnip or other plants squash beetles dislike among your more prized plants.
Using catnip to repel squash beetles is an example of companion planting. Consider it the buddy system for plant protection. Strongly scented plants are often a turnoff for bugs, and some pests are especially vulnerable to specific scents. You can find long lists of companion planting suggestions designed for pest control. Some have been tested and verified, while others are anecdotal and may work only under certain circumstances.
Herbs like garlic, dill, fennel, tansy, feverfew and peppermint are often recommended as companion plants. Beyond companion planting with bug-busting herbs and flowers, you can harvest a handful of their leaves, toss them into a blender, add water and make a mean, green bug-repellent juice. Just pour the concoction into a pump sprayer and spritz liberally in your garden.
What and where you plant can make a big difference in how pests view your landscape. When you choose species of trees, shrubs, flowers and other plants that are not attractive to problem insects, you reduce your property's appeal to pests. For example, Japanese beetles are attracted to roses, blueberries and peonies, but avoid hydrangeas, forsythia and larkspur. Planting an unappealing plant upwind from, or adjacent to, an appealing plant can sometimes help deter pests.
Just as some plants repel destructive insects, other plants attract beneficial bugs. Whether you're wooing them from a neighbor's garden or trying to maintain a purchased colony of bugs, making your landscape more attractive to beneficial insects won't hurt.
For instance, a single ladybug can eat up to 60 aphids a day. That's cheap and effective labor. Potential insect allies include praying mantis, spiders, braconid wasps, tachinid flies, pirate bugs, flower flies, soldier bugs, ambush bugs, lacewings and ground beetles.
You can also wage a war on pests using beneficial bacteria, fungi and microscopic worms. These living organisms infect destructive insects, often during their early development as grubs or nymphs, and disrupt their biological functions or parasitize them, killing them from the inside out.
Colonies of beneficial microbes can be introduced to plants or to the soil, depending on the variety, and do not harm humans, pets or most beneficial insects. Beneficial microbes are vulnerable to chemical and organic pesticides, though. Some examples include milky spore (Bacillus popillae-Dutky), the Verticillium lecanii fungus, Bacillus thuriengensis (Bt), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and other beneficial nematodes.
Desiccants rob pests of moisture by causing damage to their skins or shells. The two most popular desiccants are diatoms, which are microscopic, single-celled plants that have become fossilized, and boric acid. Both are relatively safe to use, although diatom powders (diatomaceous earth) should be reapplied after a rainfall or heavy watering. Ground-up eggshells can be used, too, but they are most effective against larger pests like slugs and snails.
Minerals can also be effective in controlling pests, bacteria, molds and fungi, although individual organic pesticide guidelines may exclude some mineral formulations. Common mineral pesticides include sulfur, calcium hydroxide (lime) and copper sulfate.
Insecticidal Soaps – Insecticidal soaps are a mixture of potassium hydroxide and fatty acids derived from organic fats and oils. They damage the cell membranes of many soft-bodied pests, killing them with minimal environmental impact. To be effective, the liquid has to come into direct contact with the pest. Insecticidal soaps can have insecticidal, fungicidal and algicidal properties. In high concentrations, insecticidal soaps can damage tender plant leaves.
Oily Insecticides and Repellants – Many insects and their larvae and eggs are vulnerable to suffocation when coated with oil. Oil-based organic insecticides and repellents are among the most common organic solutions on the market. Neem oil, from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica), is one of the most popular. It is also antifungal, effective as a treatment for mildew and fungal problems like powdery mildew, rust and black spot. Other popular oils include garlic oil and preparations made with canola oil. As with insecticidal soaps, the oils have to come into direct contact with the pests to be effective.
Plant Extracts – Although insecticidal oils can be derived from plants, there are also plant-based sprays, essential oils and powders. Most are produced in higher concentrations than you'd find in homemade preparations. Plant extracts may be useful for their pest-killing properties (as poisons), or as strongly scented repellents (terpenoids). Pyrethrum, extracted from chrysanthemums, is one of the most effective and widely used organic, broad-spectrum insecticides.
It targets and destroys the nervous system in many types of insects. Rotenone, another broad-spectrum option, is a compound found in a number of plants, including Jícama and jewel vine. It is a stomach poison that causes insects to stop feeding almost immediately. Other botanical pesticides worth noting include sabadilla, from the sabadilla lily, and the most dangerous on this list to humans and pets, nicotine sulfate, which is extracted from tobacco.
No article discussing pest control, organic or otherwise, would be complete without mentioning prevention. Although some pest problems are an unavoidable part of gardening, others may be avoided completely. Removing dead and dying plants from your landscape, promoting healthy soil through testing and periodic correction, rotating crops and segregating new acquisitions until you know they're healthy are basic steps you can take towards a healthier, more pest-resistant garden.


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'The Voice' Top 8 Live Results Recap: Three Sent Home and Top 5 Revealed
Last night's "The Voice" live show went a long way towards setting apart the best of the remaining singers from those who are not as good. The timing could not have been better for those who did well because tonight's results show will see three singers sent home and the Top 5 named. Going into the show tonight it is likely Ryan Sill, Luke Wade and DaNica Shirey that are the three singers in the most danger of going home. By the end of the show we will know for sure.
One of last season's finalist, Christina Grimmie, starts the show off performing her new single "With Love." She sounds great and announces that she will be launching a European tour very soon.
After the first commercial break, Carson Daly announces that Matt MacAndrew is safe and moving on to the Top 5. This surprises nobody. He has been on fire the last few weeks. He landed at #2 on the iTunes charts and had it not been for the juggernaut that is Taylor Swift he may have made it to #1. At this point Matt is clearly one of the favorites to win the show.
Carson then chats up the coaches before announcing that Damien is also safe and moving on. He had been strong the last couple of weeks and broke into the iTunes Top 10 last night.
Another "The Voice" alum, Raelynn, returns to sing her new single, "God Made Girls." After singing she talks about how her life has been a whirlwind since appearing on the show. She and Blake share a nice moment then Carson goes on to announce that Taylor John Williams is safe. He is the third artist that broke into the iTunes Top 10 last night with his cool version of Lorde's "Royals."
Returning from commercial, Carson announces that Craig Wayne Boyd is safe and moving on to the Top 5. This means that Luke Wade, Ryan Sill, Danica Shirey and Chris Jamison are in the bottom four. Each will get a chance to sing a song then the viewers will vote via Twitter and "The Voice" app to save one of them.
DaNica starts the sing-off with "I'd Rather Go Blind." It is a song that is built for her and her big voice so she does well with it.
Luke Wade tackles "Stand by Me" and it doesn't work out so well for him. At some point he either forgets the lyrics or got lost in it and never really recovers. Not the best impression to make when asking to be saved.
Ryan Sill choses "Heaven" and once again does better tonight than he did during the live performance show. Could he manage to pull off three instant saves in a row?
Last up is Chris Jamison who does "Georgia on My Mind." It's an interesting choice for him and he nails it. Adam is so impressed he pleads with America to save him.
Now it is time for America to vote. One of these four will move on and join the Top 5 and the other three will be sent home and will have to hope they can later win the wild card spot.
Once the tweets and votes are counted, Carson announces that it is Chris Jamison who is safe and is joining the Top 5. This means Ryan Sill, DaNica Shirey and Luke Wade are all eliminated.
With that "The Voice" live results show comes to an end. Next week the Top 5 once again take the stage in hopes of taking one more step towards being name this season's winner.
Recapping the Top 5:
1. Matt MacAndrew
2. Damien
3. Taylor John Williams
4. Craig Wayne Boyd
5. Chris Jamison
'The Voice' Top 12 live results: Who is sent home as the Top 10 is revealed?
'The Voice' Top 10 live results recap: Who went home and who made the Top 8
'The Voice' Season 7 Live Results: The Top 20 become the Top 12
'The Voice' 2015 playoffs results live blog: Who made the top 12?
'The Voice' Top 12 Live Performance Recap: Who soared and who sank
'The Voice' Season 7: 'Live Top 10 Performances' recap


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Assessing the Performance of Voluntary Environmental Programs: Does Certification Matter?
Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 36, No. 1, 2008
39 Pages Posted: 18 Nov 2007
See all articles by Nicole Darnall
Nicole Darnall
Arizona State University - School of Sustainability
Stephen Sides
The promotion of voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) as alternative approaches to traditional environmental regulation has fueled numerous researchers to evaluate VEP performance. However, these studies have focused on assessing the environmental performance of a single VEP. As yet, we know little about the overall environmental benefits of these programs. Moreover, questions remain about whether VEPs designed with different monitoring regimes - related to whether programs are self-monitored or undergo external certification - vary in their ability to improve environmental conditions. Using meta-analysis methodology, this paper evaluates the aggregated environmental outcomes of US VEPs drawing on data from 9 studies and over 30,000 firms. We show that collectively VEP participants do not improve their environmental performance over non-participants. Rather, non-participants improve their environmental performance by 7.7% more than VEP participants. Additionally, non-participants improve the environment 24% more than participants in self-monitored VEPs, whereas participants in ISO 14001 as a group exhibit inconclusive environmental performance improvements.
Keywords: voluntary environmental programs, certification, self-monitoring, environmental performance, meta-analysis, ISO 14001
JEL Classification: L21, L60, M10, M14, Q20, Q30
Darnall, Nicole and Sides, Stephen, Assessing the Performance of Voluntary Environmental Programs: Does Certification Matter?. Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 36, No. 1, 2008. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1030622
Nicole Darnall (Contact Author)
Arizona State University - School of Sustainability ( email )
800 S Cady Mall, PO Box 87402
Tempe, AZ 85287-5402
HOME PAGE: http://https://isearch.asu.edu/profile/1811617
affiliation not provided to SSRN ( email )
No Address Available


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We are completely volunteer-run, so your donation goes directly to helping the Bark Bark Wag dogs! We are a 501(c)(3) charitable organization so all donations are tax deductible! Your generosity helps us provide nutritious food and treats; all medical care needed; fun toys; cozy beds, secure collars (or harnesses), etc.! These items foster a sense of well-being, and help our dogs begin each hopeful new day with the promise of more good things to come! Our awesome foster families add the LOVE! Wish List coming soon!
Details on our adoption process, including costs, vetting, and our coverage area, can be found on our "let's get started!" page. Please scroll down to make sure you catch all we have posted!
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An African palm oil corporation, Empresa Reforestadora de Palma de Petén SA (REPSA), has been blamed for the contamination of La Pasión river in the northern region of Peten, Guatemala. The contamination occurred on April 28, two days before millions of dead fish showing signs of asphyxiation emerged along the river.
Gathered under the Commission for the Defense of Life and Nature, a dozen collectives and public entities filed a lawsuit against the company for the fish die-off and its effects on more than 22,000 residents living in the region, according to TeleSUR.
On Sept. 17, Judge Carla Hernandez of the Peten Environmental Crimes Court ordered the company to temporarily suspend operations while the charges were investigated (an order which, according to a report from the Guatemalan newspaper La Hora, REPSA ignored).
The ruling immediately sparked controversy. The day after the court's decision, 28-year-old environmental activist Rigoberto Lima was shot and killed in broad daylight by two unidentified men, who were seen fleeing on a motorcycle. Lima was a leader among those who filed the lawsuit against the company, which raised some suspicion over whether REPSA was involved in the shooting.
So far, the company has denied all responsibility for the river contamination. A small group of residents who sympathize with REPSA filed an appeal to overturn the court's decision, although it was rejected last month, marking an important victory for activists and international organizations seeking wider recognition of 'ecocide' as an international crime against peace.
Guatemalans first noticed the contamination of the river when waves of dead fish began washing up on the riverbanks of La Pasión near the Mexican border. According to an investigation by the Guatemalan Indymedia Center, the deaths of the fish and other reptiles, mammals and birds occurred after basins of insecticides used by REPSA overflowed and formed a 70-centimeter layer over the river's surface. The run-off, which is believed to have consisted mainly of the pesticide Malathion, effectively suffocated the organisms underneath.
People living nearby showed symptoms of intoxication – skin welts, fever, headaches, nausea and diarrhea – and were unable to use the water for drinking or for personal hygiene, according to TeleSUR. The environmental catastrophe is especially traumatic for a rural country like Guatemala, whose people rely on natural sources of fresh water to fish, cook, clean and drink.
The production of African palm oil dates back to its introduction to the global market in the 1970s. As demand grew in recent decades, according to Alternet, Guatemala opened its lands to the production of the monocrop. Since 2000, much of the land in northern Guatemala has been acquired by palm oil plants, which manufacturers promote as a cheap vegetable oil that can be found in most detergents, shampoos, polishes, industrial lubricants and biofuels.
Palm oil production in Guatemala has been tied to the displacement of indigenous communities and has supposedly rendered previously fertile land incapable of growing new crops, according to Alternet, due to the invasive root structure of the monocrop. And as the palm oil industry grows, farmers are being forced from their land and become more reliant, instead, on the rivers for their livelihoods and survival.
The contribution of palm oil production to these people's suffering is hard to deny, but not everyone supports the accusations against REPSA for the contamination and the mass fish die-off. Some critics question whether it is fair to blame the river's contamination on palm plantations at all, instead suggesting the contamination may have occurred as a result of drug labs in the jungle pouring chemicals into the river.
For now, the louder argument is from those who see REPSA's denial of the incident as a broader issue of governmental compliance with foreign industries at the expense of local communities and ecosystems. In line with this view, Juan Castro from the Association of Mayan Lawyers argues that the REPSA case exposes the lack of oversight on the palm industry.


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Grindelia
Grindelia is a genus belonging to Asteraceae or the sunflower family. Commonly referred to as gumweed, these flowering plants are indigenous mostly to the sunny, well-drained coastal areas and plains of the United States, Mexico, and North America. According to the 1998 French Pharmacopoeia, the gumweed herb can refer to the dried flowering tops and leaves of Grindelia robusta, Grindelia squarrosa, Grindelia humilis, Grindelia camporum, or a combination of these. [1]
Grindelia - Botany
Plants belonging to the Grindelia genus are erect biennial or perennial herbs that can grow up to a meter in height. Their rigid and brittle leaves are usually pale green or rose brown in coloration, with some having a serrated margin. Their flowers are clustered in yellow disc florets with bristly, loose pappus hairs and portions of flat, circular, pale green receptacles. The pithy, smooth stems are faintly longitudinally striated and very pale green. [1]
Grindelia - History & Traditional Use
The Native Americans used Grindelia plants as remedy for bronchial-related conditions and skin disorders; for a long time, they have been especially employed in lotion form as treatment to allergic reactions or dermatitis due to the poison ivy plant. It was only in mid-19th century when the medicinal importance of Grindelia plants was acknowledged by orthodox medical practitioners in the United States. From 1882 to about 1926, these herbs had been officially recognized in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. Grindelia had also been prescribed in combination with other herbal products for asthmatic conditions, including lobelias and pill-bearing spurge (Euphorbia hirta). Such combination was asserted to effectively deal with asthma. In Germany, the use of gumweed was approved by the Commission E as a medicinal herb for catarrhs of the upper respiratory tract. [1]
Grindelia - Herbal Uses
Grindelia robusta is a coastal bush with some medicinal uses. It can be applied externally as a compress over inflamed skin surface or consumed internally to slow down the heartbeat, to minimize the stimulation of nerve endings located along the air passages, which causes coughing, and to calm these air passages during asthmatic attacks. [2] The leaves and flowering tops of the plant are said to exert anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, balsamic, demulcent, expectorant, and sedative properties. [3][4] According to Grieve in her A Modern Herbal, the plant can also be used as a vascular tonic and blood purifier. [4]
Grindeliae herba (or gumweed herb) is conventionally recommended as treatment of upper respiratory catarrh, common colds, asthma, bronchitis, whooping cough, and cystitis and allegedly possesses antispasmodic, expectorant, and cardiac-depressant effects. [1]
Grindelia - Constituents / Active Components
Analysis of essential oils of Grindelia squarrosa and Grindelia hirsutula by Veres et al. (2014) through gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identified 56 constituents that compose 72.1–81.3% of the essential oils. Alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, borneol, bornyl acetate, and germacrene D were found as the main components; however, menthol, menthone, and pulegone were identified only in Grindelia hirsutula essential oil. [5] A 1993 research also analyzed the essential oils of Grindelia robusta and Grindelia squarrosa using GC. Grindelia robusta essential oil consists of 141 constituents, of which bornyl acetate (12.28%) and α-pinene (12.15%) were deemed the major compounds of the monoterpene fraction. On the other hand, α-pinene (25.53%) was found to be a major compound in Grindelia squarrosa essential oil. [6]
Grindelia - Medicinal / Scientific Research
A 2010 study demonstrated the ability of Grindelia robusta extract to reduce the accumulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases and hence its anti-inflammatory property. Being rich in saponins and polyphenols, Grindelia robusta extract has been found to dose-dependently hinder the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), RANTES, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) at a non-cytotoxic concentrations, as well as secretion of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 3, 7, 8, 9, and 13. The secretion of inflammatory mediators prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) had also been inhibited, but only to a lesser extent. Such reduction of lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion by Grindelia robusta extract was related to a decline in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) p65 activation. [7]
The methanol extract of Grindelia robusta was also evaluated by Verma et al. (2010) for its anti-inflammatory activity. It was noted that the extract inhibited the production of nitric oxide by up to 4.5-fold in the J774 murine macrophage cells without causing cytotoxicity, remarkably inhibited interleukin-1 beta (IL-1B) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) secretions by 50%, and, based on results from Western blot analysis, also significantly decreased the protein levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which are both involved in the development of some inflammatory diseases. Culture supernatants from cells treated with Grindelia robusta extract had a 3–5-fold decrease in TNF-α. Moreover, it has also been shown that Grindelia robusta extract averted the lipopolysaccharide-mediated nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). [8]
The anti-inflammatory activity of Grindelia robusta has been largely attributed to its flavonoid content. Known methylated exudate flavonols had been identified in the plant. Krenn et al. (2009) tested the activity of many substances of the flavonoid complex of Grindelia robusta, in particular quercetin-3-methylether and 6-OH-kaempferol-3,6-dimethylether, for their ability to inhibit neutrophil elastase. Quercetin-3-methylether was noted to be most active, with an IC50 value of 19 µM. [9]
Ethanol extracts and resin and polyphenolic fractions of Grindelia in the study of Blaschek et al. (2006) and Pinkas et al. (1978) had been shown to inhibit the growth of a number of bacterial strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. [1]
Dermatitis:
A case of successful treatment of dermatitis due to poison oak using Grindelia spp. (gumweed) had been presented in a 2005 study published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. This case afforded some insight into the potential efficacy of Grindelia spp. as a medicinal herb for relieving mild to moderate poison ivy dermatitis. [10]
Grindelia - Contraindications, Interactions, And Safety
Grindelia has been employed as a traditional treatment without concerns for safety for more than 30 years, but published evidence regarding its indications and contraindications is still limited. There is also no data available about its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, and information on its safety and toxicity from clinical trials is insufficient. Side effects listed in literature include gastric mucosa irritation in sensitive individuals, diarrhea, and kidney and/or stomach irritation at high doses. [1]
[1] Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC). "Assessment report on Grindelia robusta Nutt., Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal, Grindelia humilis Hook. et Arn., Grindelia camporum Greene, herba," European Medicines Agency, 2012. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_HMPC_assessment_report/2012/05/WC500127426.pdf
[2] R. Chiej, Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plants, MacDonald, 1984.
[3] J. Lust, The Herb Book, New York: Bantam Books, 1983.
[4] M. Grieve, A Modern Herbal, London: Penguin, 1984.
[5] K. Veres, O. Roza, E. Laczkó-Zöld and J. Hohmann, "Chemical composition of essential oils of Grindelia squarrosa and G. hirsutula," Natural Product Communications, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 573–574, 2014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24868887
[6] G. Kaltenbach, O. Schimmer and M. Schäfer, "Volatile constituents of the essential oil of Grindelia robusta Nutt. and Grindelia squarrosa Dun.," Journal of Essential Oil Research, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 107–108, 1993. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698182
[7] V. La, F. Lazzarin, D. Ricci and et al., "Active principles of Grindelia robusta exert anti inflammatory properties in a macrophage model," Phytotherapy Research, vol. 24, no. 11, p. 1687–1692, 2010. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21031629
[8] N. Verma, S. Tripathi, D. Sahu, H. Das and R. Das, "Evaluation of inhibitory activities of plant extracts on production of LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory mediators in J774 murine macrophages," Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, vol. 336, no. 1–2, p. 127–135, 2010. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19813079
[9] L. Krenn, E. Wollenweber, K. Steyrleuthner, C. Görick and M. F. Melzig, "Contribution of methylated exudate flavonoids to the anti-inflammatory activity of Grindelia robusta," Fitoterapia, vol. 80, no. 5, p. 267–269, 2009. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19278665
[10] D. Canavan and E. Yarnell, "Successful treatment of poison oak dermatitis treated with Grindelia spp. (Gumweed)," Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 709–710, 2005. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16131296


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Empire's Cookie Lyon Shouts out to Singer Wizkid on IG, See!
Empire's Cookie Lyon Shouts out to Singer Wizkid on IG, See!
Empire's Cookie Lyon Shouts out to Singer Wizkid on IG.
Superstar and Hollywood actress Taraji P Henson who plays Cookie Lyon on FOX hit TV show Empire posts about Wizkid on her Instagram page today. Her post about Wizkid has got us speculating that the "Baba Nla" may sometime Star in the TV show – Empire. See Screenshot after the cut . . .
Actress Henson has posted on her Instagram page saying she is a big fan of Wizkid's track "Caro". She cant stop dancing.
Tell us what you feel About this post.


Il Busetto is a relatively young brand coming from an age old tradition.
All the products are made from hand painted, vegetable tanned Tuscan leather. The belts are produced in Italy, while the other leather items are crafted in Thailand. Signor Gobi established a collaboration with a trusted local partner in order to train craftspeople from Thailand in Italy and maintain the level of handcrafted quality of the Tuscan heritage.


Now that your practice calendar is created, it's time to write workouts to assign to a practice. In TU Coaching Tools, practices are composed of one or more workouts, workouts are made up of one or more sets, and sets are made up of one or more swims.
Two approaches to assigning workouts are building a workout from scratch within a practice or assigning a pre-created workout from your library or the Community Workout Library. Let's begin by building a workout, then we will assign it to a practice. You can also write workouts in Web Coaching Tools.
To begin building, tap > Coaching Tools > Workouts (also accessible via the WORKOUTS tab on a tablet at the top).
Tap NEW W/O (phone) or CREATE NEW WORKOUT (tablet) in the upper right. This will open the ADD WORKOUT screen.
The Alias will be an abbreviation of the Title. If you plan to reuse the workout, make the name something memorable.
If you turn on Favorite, you can set a filter to display all workouts marked Favorite.
If you mark the workout as a Draft, no other coaches but you will be able to see it until you deselect it.
Tap by Tags, then select one or more tags and tap Done. You can then set filters to find workouts by tags.
Now you will build the workout by adding sets to it. You can either add brand new sets you create on the fly, or select from previously built existing sets. We will show you both ways. Note you can click SINGLE SWIM to add just one Swim to the workout; start at step 7 below if you do this.
Tap ADD SET (phone) or ADD NEW SET (tablet). This will open the NEW SET (phone) or CREATE NEW SET (tablet) screen.
By default, the Set will be saved to your Set Library. If you uncheck Export Set to My Set Library, it will create a one-time Set in this Workout only, and you will not need to give it a Set Name.
Enter a Set Name. Again, replace the default name with a memorable name if you intend to reuse it in future workouts.
Tap by Tags, then select one or more tags and tap Done.
Favorite, for which you can set a filter (not available if Export Set to My Set Library is unchecked).
Circuits, where you will enter the number of Reps for the entire Set.
Test Set, which allows you to time and track all the swimmers who participate in it (not available if Export Set to My Set Library is unchecked). Test Sets show in red in the workout list.
Tap SWIMS (phone) or ADD SWIMS (tablet). This will open the ADD SWIM TO SET screen.
Fill in the fields (those with * are required). You will need to tap Done after entering data in some fields like Reps.
You can add your own custom Strokes, Set Types, and Descriptions in the web app.
To enter a Race Pace, pick the desired pace, tap + to switch it to a - if you want to subtract seconds instead of add them, and enter the number of seconds to add or subtract if desired.
Tap Done when finished and this will add the swim to the set.
Beyond adding additional swims and rests, you can tap the swim you just added for more options. Then you can edit it, add another swim, add a rest time, clone it, or remove it.
Tap CLONE, then tap the cloned swim and tap EDIT to quickly add a new swim that only needs minor changes.
Long press on a swim, and then you can drag it anywhere in the list.
Tap NOTE (phone) or ADD NOTE (tablet) to add in-line notes between Swims.
If you tap the Set you just added you will get a menu like when you tapped a Swim to EDIT, CLONE, etc. Just like you can create Swims variants, you can create Set variants.
Best Practice: It's typical when writing sets and workouts to build a new one every time. But since Coaching Tools stores them all, you can be more efficient by reusing existing ones. Our Reuse Sets to Quickly Build Workouts tutorial gives a good demonstration of this in action.
Here you have three tools to quickly find sets: Search by typing a name, using Filters, and Sort By. You can use all of these techniques with your own set library.
Once you find the one(s) you want, select them.
Once you've selected all the ones you want, tap ADD TO WORKOUT. They will be added to your workout in the order you selected them.
You can long press and drag to rearrange the sets in the workout.
You can add rests between sets. Tap REST, select Single Rest or Multi Rest to enter the same rest period in between all the sets, enter the rest time, tap DONE, and long press and drag the rest if needed to place it where you want among the sets.
Tap NOTE to add in-line notes between Sets.
Alternatively, tap SAVE & SHARE to share your new workout in the Community Workout Library for other MainSet users to benefit from. You can share up to 10 of your workouts (this limit keeps the library uncluttered). You can later tap UNSHARE to remove it from the library and make room.
Need a workout fast? Want some inspiration? Grab a workout from the Community Workout Library.
Tap > Coaching Tools > Workouts.
Tap W/O LIBRARY (phone) or COMMUNITY WORKOUT LIBRARY (tablet).
Use the Search Filters to narrow down what you're looking for, then select one or more workouts and tap ADD TO MY WORKOUTS.
You will then find what you selected in MY W/O (phone) or MY WORKOUTS (tablet) to edit and use as you please. You can import as many workouts as you like.
The sets within the workout(s) will be in MY SETS.
Note if you delete a workout you imported, the sets in it will still remain so you'll need to delete them as well if you don't want them anymore.
You are now ready to add your workout to a practice.


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