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Biochemistry & MCB
Computation and data science
Scientific Equipment
BIFI Members
Institutional activities
Management & Support Group
Technology offer
Development Group
BIFI in the media
Scientific Equipment.
BIOCHEMISTRY & MCB AND BIOPHYSICS AREAS
COMPUTATION, PHYSICS AND INNOVATION AREAS
We use recombinant DNA techniques to express proteins with biotechnological and medical purposes using different expression systems such as E. coli, Pichia pastoris and mammalian cells. The purified proteins/enzymes are characterised by enzymatic assays and other techniques such as CD, absorbance, fluorescence, calorimetry (ITC or DSC) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
We also carry out High-Throughput Screening (HTS) to search for potential compounds in cases where the protein/enzymes are potential drug targets or may have biotechnological benefits.
We furthermore complement all the above techniques with protein X-ray crystallography in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of proteins/enzymes or how potential inhibitors/pharmacological chaperones interact with the target proteins.
Finally we further study how the identified compounds act at cellular level by cell biology assays.
LACRIMA. An Aragonese laboratory dedicated to the discovery of drugs and the study of proteins
LACRIMA (Advanced Laboratory for Screening and Molecular Interactions of Aragon) is a unique scientific-technological infrastructure that provides services to national and foreign researchers, as well as to national biotechnology companies. Its highly specialized experimental instrumentation for drug discovery endows it with a unique position of great strategic value in Spain. LACRIMA is located at the Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) of the University of Zaragoza.
Numerous investigations carried out at LACRIMA have turned this laboratory into a reference center for biophysical research on proteins, with important applications in biomedicine and biotechnology, such as:
Manufacture and Stabilization of Proteins and Biological Products
Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development
Protein Engineering and Development of New Biotechnological Products
Several lines of research at BIFI that massively use LACRIMA equipment develop drugs for diseases of enormous social impact such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, phenylketonuria, Helicobacter pylori infection, hepatitis C, tuberculosis, aspergillosis, Rett syndrome, pancreatic cancer, and cancer colorectal. There are also lines developing biotechnological products for agriculture, livestock and food.
LACRIMA is directed by Javier Sancho and Adrián Velázquez-Campoy, researchers at BIFI.
BIFI-LACRIMA is part of ARBRE (Association of Resources for Biophysical Research in Europe) and MOSBRI (www.mosbri.eu), the new European Molecular Biophysics Research Infrastructure, recently funded by the INFRAIA-H2020 program.
Among the LACRIMA experimental equipment, valued at around 4 M€, the following stand out:
Isothermal titration calorimeters (Auto-iTC200 and VP-ITC)
Differential scanning calorimeters (Auto-PEAQ-DSC and VP-DSC)
Surface plasmon resonance biosensor (Biacore T200)
Spectropolarimeter and fluorimeter (Chirascan and Cary Eclipse)
Microscale thermophoresis (Monolith NT.115Pico)
Fluorescence microscopy (DMI 600B)
Single molecule spectroscopy (MicroTime 200)
X-ray diffractometer (Axiom) and Crystallization farm (Rock Imager)
Ultracentrifuge (L-100 XP)
Multimode readers (FluoDia T70; Synergy HT; CLARIOstar; FLUOstar; qPCR Mx3005p)
In addition, LACRIMA benefits from the excellent computational resources oriented to Biotechnology and Biomedicine from CESAR (Aragon Supercomputing Center), also located at BIFI.
Time-resolved confocal microscope with single-molecule resolution. (MicroTime 200, PicoQuant)
https://www.picoquant.com/products/category/fluorescence-microscopes/microtime-200-time-resolved-confocal-fluorescence-microscope-with-unique-single-molecule-sensitivity
Confocal system with laser combining unit, inverted microscope body, and two-channel detection unit
Picosecond diode lasers with adjustable output power and repetition rates up to 80 MHz inside a compact fibre coupling unit
Lasers: 440nm, 485nm, 594nm, 640nm
Inverted microscope body Olympus IX 73
Objectives: standard 20x, 40x objectives, special 60 x NA1.2 water immersion objective
2D-piezo scanner 80×80 mm, 1nm precision
Detectors: Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs)
Data acquisition: based on the method Time-Correlated-Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) and TTTR mode
Data acquisition, analysis and visualisation software: SymPhoTime 64
Techniques available:
Diffusion-based single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy by burst analysis, including two-color coincidence analysis, fluorescence lifetime analysis, Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and donor/acceptor stoichiometry
Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy, including one-color (FCS) and dual-color (dcFCCS) analysis
Florescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM)
FRET imaging
Fluorescence anisotropy
Applications (at the single-molecule level):
Conformational changes in macromolecules (changes in environment, induced upon binding…)
Macromolecular complex assembly
Ligand-receptor interactions, including multi-ligand/multi-receptor interactions
Protein aggregation
Conformational landscape of proteins
Intrinsically disordered proteins
Protein liquid-liquid phase separation
… and many more!
Some references:
Cremades N., Cohen S.I., Deas E., Abramov A.Y., Chen A.Y., Orte A., Sandal M., Clarke R.W., Dunne P., Aprile F.A., Bertoncini C.W., Wood N.W., Knowles T.P., Dobson C.M., and Klenerman D. Direct observation of the interconversion of normal and toxic forms of alpha-synuclein. Cell (2012) 149:1048-59.
Tosatto L., Horrocks M.H., Dear A.J., Knowles T.P., Dalla Serra M., Cremades N., Dobson C.M. and Klenerman D. Single-molecule FRET studies on alpha-synuclein oligomerization of Parkinson's disease genetically related mutants. Rep. (2015) 5:16696.
Iljina M., Garcia G.A., Horrocks M.H., Tosatto L., Choi M.L., Ganzinger K.A., Abramov A.Y., Gandhi S., Wood N.W., Cremades N., Dobson C.M. and Klenerman D. A kinetic model of the aggregation of alpha-synuclein provides insights into prion-like spreading. Submitted to Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A.
Santos J., Gracia P., Navarro S., Peña-Diaz S., Pujols J. Cremades N. (co-corresponding autor), Pallarés I. and Ventura S. Alpha-helical peptidic scaffolds to target alpha-synuclein pathogenic species with high affinity and selectivity. BioRxiv (doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.12.435074).
Contact person: Nunilo Cremades
Chirascan Circular Dichorism Spectrometer (Applied Photophysics)
Eqquipped with a peltier temperature controller for rapid and precise temperature control of the sample cellallows characterizing the secondary structure or conformation of proteins and the interaction with other biomolecules even in steady-state assays or kinetic assays with the stopped-flow accessory. Circular dichroism, absorbance and fluorescence kinetics can be measured.
http://www.photophysics.com/chirascan.php
Cary 100 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (Varian)
Is a double beam spectrophotometer provided with a peltierthermostatted (6 x 6) multicell holder for six samples and six reference cuvettes allowing a precise temperature control of the sample cells.
http://www.chem.agilent.com/en-US/Products/instruments/molecularspectroscopy/uv-vis/systems/cary100/pages/default.aspx
http://www.chem.agilent.com/Library/specifications/Public/Cary-specifications.pdf
NanoVuePlus Spectrophotometer (GE Healthcare)
An UV/Visible spectrophotometer for quick and accurate quantitation of small volumes of nucleic acids and protein samples.Samples of 0.5 to 5 µl can be pipette directly onto the sample plate eliminating the need for cuvettes.
http://www.gelifesciences.com/aptrix/upp00919.nsf/Content/DCE8B60DE8122421C1257628001D4B49/$file/28930169AC.pdf
http://www.gelifesciences.com/aptrix/upp01077.nsf/Content/Videos/$file/nanovue-plus.html
Cary Eclipse Fluorescence Spectrophotometer (Varian)
Designed to provide a complete analysis system for fluorescence, phosphorescence and chemiluminescence measurements.It is provided with a peltierthermostattedmulticell holder for measurement and reliable temperature control of up to 4 samples and with a high throughput microplate reader up to 384 samples. It allows characterizing the protein structure, and structural stability and interactions with other molecules.
http://www.chem.agilent.com/en-US/Products/instruments/molecularspectroscopy/fluorescence/systems/caryeclipse/pages/default.aspx
http://www.candela.com.pl/candela1/docs/2.1.1.5.1.pdf
DynaProNanoStar (Wyatt)
A combination Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and StaticLight Scattering (SLS) instrument. The DLS detector is used to measure the size distribution of the hydrodynamics radius,whereas the independent SLS detector can measure the molecular weight of small molecules.The DynaProNanoStar is ideally suited forstudies of nanoparticles, proteins, vesicles, viruses, and colloids.
http://www.wyatt.com/solutions/hardware/dynapro-nanostar.html#
Contact person: Milagros Medina
VP-DSC
Differential scanning calorimeter for monitoring the heat capacity of a sample as a function of temperature.
MicroCal (GE Healthcare), http://www.microcal.com
http://www.microcal.com/products/dsc/default.asp
Manufacturer's web page and contact person
Thermodynamic stability of proteins and other macromolecules. Determine thermodynamic parameters in unfolding thermal denaturations, deciphering unfolding mechanism and energy landscape in protein conformational equilibrium, evaluating unfolding cooperativity and association nature of native state in proteins, and assessment of protein-ligand interactions.
Adrian Velazquez-Campoy
VP-ITC
Isothermal titration calorimeter for the determination of reaction heat in physico-chemical processes.
http://www.microcal.com/products/itc/default.asp
http://www.microcal.com/products/itc/vp-itc.asp
Determination of thermodynamic parameters (stoichiometry, affinity and enthalpy) in protein-ligand interactions (or, in general, biomolecular interactions), assessment of conformational changes and other equilibria coupled to ligand binding, assessment of (homotropic and heterotropic) cooperativity in protein-ligand interactions, optimization of binding affinity and target selectivity, determination of enzymatic kinetics parameters.
AutoITC200
Fully automated isothermal titration calorimeter for the determination of reaction heat in physico-chemical processes in multiple samples with unattended operation.
http://www.microcal.com/products/itc/auto-itc200.asp
Specially designed for less time- and sample-consuming assays, for avoidance of user-dependent accidental errors, for replicative assays and for testing multiple experimental conditions.
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)
Surface Plasmon Resonance
Biacore T200, is a label-free analysis system based on the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to monitor the interaction between molecules in real time, providing outstanding sensitivity and high quality data for comprehensive biomolecular interaction analysis.
Biacore T200 consists of a processing unit, controlled from a PC running Biacore T200 Control Software. The software is wizard based for ease of use, but advanced users can develop and customize methods to suit their needs. Biacore T200 processing unit provides high sensitivity and a wide dynamic range. The design of the flow cells is optimized for accurate reference subtraction. An integrated buffer degasser eliminates precipitation of air in the flow system. Sensor chips and a range of chemicals and reagents are available from GE Healthcare.
Manufacturer GE Healthcare. Biacore T200
Manuals http://www.biacore.com/lifesciences/index.html
Biacore T200 is designed to provide confident characterization of interactions in a range of fields, from basic biological research, biotherapeutic and small molecule analysis, through immunogenicity studies and vaccine development to quality control. The dicersity of available sensor chip surfaces and immobilization techniques allow Biacore SRP to be used for a wide variety of assays, such as:
The specifity of biomolecular interactions
Active concentration measurements
Determination of thermodynamic parameters
The kinetics and affinity of an interaction
The concentration of specific molecules present in a sample
Contact person Maria Fillat
Fluorescence Microscopy
Leica DMI 6000B
Multidimensional microscopy system with structured light (Optigrid) and MMAF (Metamorph) analysis software. The systems comprises a completely automated fluorescence inverted microscope, an Optigrid system for semiconfocality and a temperature and CO2 concentration control unit for live cell microscopy. It also includes the Dual View System from Photometrix, which can be used for techniques such as FRET.
Leica: http://www.leica-microsystems.com/
Metamorph: http://www.moleculardevices.com/Products/Software/Meta-Imaging-Series/MetaMorph.html
OptiGrid: http://www.qioptiq.com/optigrid-structured-illumination-microscopy.html
Photometrix: http://www.photometrics.com/
Okolab: http://www.oko-lab.com
Available objectives
10X BF, Ph
20X BF, IMC
40X BF, DIC, IMC
63X BF, DIC
100X BF
BF, bright field
Ph, phase contrast
IMC, integrated modulation contrast (DIC for plastic)
DIC, differential interference contrast (Nomarsky)
P Filter Excitation Dicroico Emission
1 A4 BP 360/40 400 BP 470/40
2 GFP BP 470/40 500 BP 525/50
3 TX2 BP560/40 595 BP 645/75
4 Fura 2 409 BP 520/35
5 Y5 BP 620/60 660 BP 700/75
BGR BP 420/30 415 BP 465/20
—- BP 495/15 510 BP 530/30
CFP BP 436/20 455 BP 480/40
YFP BP 500/20 515 BP 535/30
Inverted fluorescence microscopy with filters for several fluorochromes. Multidimensional microscopy (space dimensions -x, y, z-, fluorescence channels, time and different stage positions). Z stack acquisition and 3D reconstruction, colocalization, deconvolution, semiconfocality, FRET, particle tracking, morphometric analyses, …
User Manual 1
Contact person: Jose Alberto Carrodeguas carrode@unizar.es
High-Throughput Screening (HTS)
FluoDia T70
Thermostated fluorescence plate reader, with capability for temperature ramps, for monitoring fluorescence intensity using appropriate filters.
Photon Technology International, www.pti-nj.com
http://www.pti-nj.com/PlateReader/PlateReader-FluoDia.html
Screen large collections of chemicals in order to find modulators of protein stability and function. The assays monitor a range of properties, including protein stability, enzyme activity, protein aggregation or phenotypic characteristics of cells.
Contact person Javier Sancho
Synergy HT
Thermostated multimode plate reader for monitoring fluorescence intensity, absorbance and luminescence using monochromator and appropriate filters.
Biotek Instruments, www.biotek.com
http://www.biotek.com/products/microplate_detection/synergyht_multimode_microplate_reader.html
Screen large collections of chemicals in order to find modulators of protein stability and function. The assays monitor a range of properties, including enzyme activity, protein aggregation or phenotypic characteristics of cells.
JANUS Automated Workstation (PerkinElmer)
A liquid handling instrument to dispense from nanoliters to microliters of solutions, using a 8-tip dispense arm, from tubes to vials to plates. This device can work with fixed or disposable tips.
http://www.perkinelmer.com/Catalog/Category/ID/Janus
http://w.perkinelmer.ca/en-CA/CMSResources/Images/44-73222BRO_JANUS_overview.pdf
Applications preparation of mother liquor screens/grids.
http://www.formulatrix.com/products/crystallization-imaging/rock-imager/index.html
Nanodrop II (Innovadyne Technologies, Inc. (USA)
A semi-automated platform for performing crystallography screens and protein addition. It has two-plate configuration and can aliquot as many as 4 different proteins or protein concentrations to any well on a crystal plate. It is also possible to transfer the buffers from a source deep-well block to crystal plates. This system is also capable of performing liquid handling tasks such as the preparation of fine and coarse mother liquor screens/grids
http://www.diffractia.com/upload/Nanodrop_Xtal.pdf
Application: Protein crystallization (screenings preparation and protein addition at micro and nanoliters level).
Rock Imager (Formulatrix)
An automated imaging system for protein crystallization. It can store up to 184 SBS and Microbatch plates, with options for Linbro and Qiagen EasyXtal plate compatibility, and automatically images plates on user-defined schedules. A peltier heat exchanger regulates temperature to +/-0.5°C with a range of 5°C below or 7°C above room temperature
Applications: Protein crystallization (incubation, storage and imaging protein crystals)
Contact persons Ramón Hurtado Guerrero / Marta Martínez Julvez
BIFI Institute has developed a great research activity in different fields of computing area: HPC, grid computing, cloud computing, GPUs, dedicated computers (FPGAs) and volunteer computing. The Computing area plays a two-fold role, providing BIFI researchers and external organizations with computing resources and, at the same time, carrying out research into different fields of distributed/scientific computing. The BIFI operates Caesaraugusta, a supercomputer with 3,072 cores and 25 TFLOPs, which is the current node of Aragón in the RES. This computing infrastructure is supplemented by more than 10,000 volunteer computing cores (the Ibercivis project) and two special-purpose machines (JANUS I and Janus II) devoted to material science calculations that are equivalent to several thousand cores. Finally, we have recently opened CESAR, the Aragon Supercomputing Center that adds state-of-the-art computing facilities to provide service to many end-users in our autonomous region.
Aragon Supercomputing Center (CESAR)
The Aragon Supercomputing Center (CESAR) encompasses a group of laboratories, infrastructures and advanced services in the areas of high performance computing (HPC), cloud computing, citizen science and advanced visualization, being specially intended for both, public scientific research and use by private companies.
The center has two physical locations; The Supercomputing Laboratory (LSC), a data center located in the Building R&D at Campus Río Ebro, and the Open Innovation Lab (LIA), located in Etopia Building, Zaragoza, where different citizen activities take place.
The main goal of CESAR is to provide research groups with computing power and data storage, constituting a one-stop shop for most researchers in order to optimize resources and improving efficiency in the field of high performance-computing. The center also helps companies in the adoption of new technologies around computing, robotics and advanced visualization. At the same time, it assists and carries out participatory projects in which citizens are active and collaborative part of science and research.
More info at http://cesar.unizar.es
Public Prices
CESAR & ETOPIA
BIFI Institute has implemented ten laboratories devoted to Citizen Science: FabLab, Digital Prototyping, WetLab, Robotics, Audio, Visualization, Computing, Sensorizing and Video with a total budget of half a million Euros.
In these laboratories, the Citizen Science community together with the scientific community can develop their own scientific projects. All this equipment is in Etopia Building (Center of Art and Technology in Zaragoza), occupying and area of 1000 m².
In general terms, one could say that only three things are really indispensable to do scientific research: knowledge, time and resources. It seems clear that people today can access this knowledge through several sources other than traditional ones and have more free time. For these reasons, we must guarantee that citizens have an easy access to educational information and resources.
The laudable attempt to unify the scientific knowledge and technological advances between researchers and citizens is an essential step to discover their real potential and take advantage of it. Having citizens as mere spectators is not the proper solution. Thus, it is necessary to create a common space where researchers and citizens can interact with each other and exchange interesting projects and ideas.
The collaboration with researchers will allow citizens to understand and apply the scientific method and having access to an infrastructure traditionally reserved to scientists. On the other hand, researchers can benefit from the valuable contributions of citizen science. Finally, this symbiosis allows us to better understand and improve Citizen Science.
Laser Cutter Fusion 40 130W
3 Axis CNC 2000x1000x12mm, 1.5cv, 7.000 to 24.000 rpm
Vinyl Cutter GS24
15x Weller WSD 81I EU soldering stations
4x Proskit industries desoldering stations
4x two channel oscilloscopes
1x PCB machine
Invert microscope
2x Centrifugues
4x Quadcopters
4x Turtlebots
2x e-pucks
Lego kits, roomba
DPA 5100 microphone
6x Dynaudio AIR 5
4x Holosonic speakers
Apogee 8×8, 3x master keyboards, 8x speakers HS7
Spatial light Modulator
Optics laboratory
HDR TV
ACME Digivideo Spot 000II
2x Jetson tk1
5x Parallelas, 5x Raspberry pi, 5x PiTFT, 5x SmartCitizenKits
9 kinects, 5x tablets, 10x smartphones
30x Laptops, 20x computers
Sensorization
FOTO SENSORIZATION
RTLS UBRP001
Brain Vision EGG
Enactive Torch
HDR monitor SIM2
Automultiscopic monitor
Sony a7s Camera
Atem TV Studio
Full list of equipment:
equipamiento_cesar_etopia_cienciaciudadana_visualizacion
More info at:
http://cesar-etopia.bifi.es
Cierzo (Caesaraugusta III)
Cierzo is a distributed memory supercomputer designed for high performance computing with a certain degree of heterogeneity; it combines general purpose CPUs (Intel64 based), with new generation NVidia GPUs and Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors. In total, the system has 2080 general-purpose cores, 7,31 TeraBytes of RAM memory and 288 TeraBytes of raw storage, using a low-latency Infiniband FDR network (56 Gbps) for intercommunication. Its peak performance (Rpeak) is 85,87 TeraFLOPs and on the other hand, it is a very energy efficient system, with a performance of 2,38 GigaFLOPS per watt consumed. Currently, Cierzo is the Aragon's node in the distributed ICTS "Red Española de Supercomputación" (RES, "Spanish Supercomputing Network"), where it is known as "Caesaraugusta" (version 3).
Cierzo offers a complete computing service on a distributed memory HPC cluster. The current list of available compilers, libraries and applications (expandable on user demand) can be found in CESAR's Website.
The system is open to different communities:
BIFI's researchers and their collaborators
Users from institutions who endorsed the FEDER funds application for the acquisition of CESAR's equipment.
Research groups from the University of Zaragoza.
R&D projects based in Aragon.
Users from the Spanish Supercomputing Network.
Any other external public/private organization that requires its use for research activities.
More info: http://cesar.unizar.es/cierzo
Memento is a "hybrid" shared memory supercomputer equipped with 3072 computing cores (AMD64 Opteron 6272 2.1 GHz, "Interlagos"), 12TB of RAM memory, 51 TB of net storage and Infiniband QDR network (40 Gbps) for intercommunication. Its peak performance (Rpeak) is 25,8 TFLOPs, while the real performance (Rmax) is 20 TeraFLOPs.
Memento offers a classic HPC computing service, being specially designed for parallel efficient and/or memory-intensive applications. The current list of available compilers, libraries and applications (expandable on user demand) can be also found in CESAR's Website.
The system is open to:
BIFI researchers and their collaborators.
Any other external public/private organization, which requires its utilization for research activities.
More info: http://cesar.unizar.es/memento
Colossus in a cloud-computing infrastructure based on OpenStack and has 1800 cores Intel Xeon E5-2670-v3 and a total of 20TB of RAM. Its internal and external connectivity is 10G Base T and its hypervisor in charge of virtualization is KVM. Furthermore, its storage solution is based on Ceph and has a raw capacity of 600TB.
The internal connectivity of the storage system is a high speed and low latency network (Infiniband) and the external connectivity is 10G. All these features allow a high data redundancy and availability. The whole computing and storage infrastructure is highly redundant, load-balanced and monitored in order to guarantee a high availability to its users.
Colossus mainly offers a use of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), allowing users to manage their own machines and services, which gives this infrastructure great flexibility and dynamism. However, it is also possible to deploy and integrate software platforms as Served (SaaS), and platform as a Service (PaaS) through collaborative arrangements. Colossus allows a wide range of uses such as: highly CPU demanding scientific applications, corporate services, Big Data analysis and agile development and software integration, giving the possibility of creating small machines from 1 core and 1GB RAM to 24 cores and 240GB RAM. The speed in creating virtual machines and the ability to install and configure any framework, makes Colossus a unique tool for researchers, companies, education, etc.
AraGrid
AraGrid is a distributed cloud computing infrastructure, which has four nodes: Two of them are placed at BIFI (Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro), and the other two are located in Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca (EPSH) and Escuela Universitaria Politécnica de Teruel (EUPT). It has around 2000 computing cores, 200TB of raw storage and 4TB of RAM and implements different versions of OpenStack in its several locations, but the basis of its operation is shared globally.
Currently, AraGrid offers Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) in several important European projects related to research and companies. Some of them are:
EGI-Engage (Engaging the EGI Community towards an Open Science Commons) https://www.egi.eu/, which constitutes the biggest European distributed computing infrastructure, in which AraGrid participates via Fedcloud initiative: https://www.egi.eu/services/cloud-compute/
Cloudflow http://www.eu-cloudflow.eu/ and CloudSME http://www.cloudsme.eu/ that are projects in which the use of simulations in the Cloud is promoted among the European SMEs.
Dedicated Computers
Special Purpose Computers (JANUS and JANUS II)
Computers have become an essential tool in our quotidian lives. Very simple daily mundane activities as buying a train ticket or sending someone a message require the use of conventional computers. Of course, they also play a very important role in more difficult tasks, such as bank transfers or power grid management for instance. On the other hand, computers have also made possible many advances in Science and nowadays are patently present in a very wide set of different scientific areas. Indeed, many institutions around the World spend a huge amount of money and human effort to build clusters of computers (see for example, www.top500.org/lists/ for a detailed ranked list of the most powerful supercomputers in the World).
For some specific problems, however, conventional computers are not enough. They would spend thousands of years to perform some particular calculations. So in the framework of supercomputing one finds the Special Purpose Computers, which are developed and designed to perform some specific computing-intensive calculation.
In our Institute we hold two special purpose computers. The first one, called Janus, was developed and designed in the first decade of this century, being fully operative in 2008. More recently, the Janus Collaboration designed a second Janus generation machine called Janus II, that is at BIFI from 2013.
More info at http://www.janus-computer.com/
The Janus supercomputer is a modular, massively parallel, and reconfigurable FPGA-based computing system for High Performance Scientific Computing. It takes the name from the ancient Roman god of gates and doors, of beginnings and endings, of passages and time, usually represented by two faces, one looking to the past, another one to future.
After a gestation period of around two years, Janus was born in 2008 thanks to a very successful scientific collaboration between researchers from BIFI and the Universidad de Zaragoza, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Universidad de Extremadura, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" and Università di Ferrara.
Its reconfigurable architecture would permit Janus to afford different scientific computational applications, as in Physic, in Chemistry or in Biology. So far, the Janus Collaboration focused its efforts on the study and simulation of spin glasses, paradigm of complex systems.
From the innovative work by Pearson and Richardson in the late 70's or that of Ogielsky and Condon in the 80's to our days, profiting of the newest technological advances, several refined dedicated computers and improved clusters have been developed to study spin glasses. Two successful examples can be found also in Zaragoza. In 1991 the group of Zaragoza designed and developed RTN (Reconfigurable Transputer Network) [3]. Later on, a second generation spin glass machine was completed in 2000 and called SUE (Spin Update Engine) [4].
Janus is composed by 16 boards. On each board, a bidimensional 4×4 grid of FPGA-processors is located and linked obeying periodic boundary conditions. Each of these processors is called SP (Simulation Processor) and carries on the simulations. A 17th FPGA is settled in the middle acting as a crossbar and called IOP (Inpu/Output Processor), in charge of all internal connections and external communications. All FPGA modules are Xilinx Virtex4-LX200.
More info: http://www.janus-computer.com/janus
Janus II
The Janus II Special Purpose Computer is the new generation supercomputer located at BIFI. As its predecessor Janus, Janus II was designed as a multipurpose reprogramable supercomputer, also based on reconfigurable FPGA processors. JanusII was born during the summer of 2013 as the second high challenging project of the Janus Collaboration. These researchers from Spain and Italy (BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Universidad de Extremadura, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" and Università di Ferrara) went an step further in the development and design of the new supercomputer respect its predecessor.
Following the same successful Janus philosophy, JanusII is composed again by 16 boards. On each board, 16 latest generation FPGA processors (Xilinx Virtex-7 XC7VX485T FPGA) are located and linked obeying periodic boundary conditions. They are called SP's from "Simulation Processor", since they will be in charge of the simulations. All SP's on each board are controlled by a full fledged computer that we call CP (Control Processor), running the Linux operating system. These CP's configure all FPGA processors for the simulations, controlling and monitoring their status. The CP uses a commercially available Computer-on-Module system (COM), based on an Intel Core i7 processor; it connects via the PCIe interface to a so-called Input-Output-Processor (IOP) built inside yet another FPGA. The IOP actually manages all connections to all SP's, controlling the configuration procedure and their operation, and monitoring their status. The Janus II architecture includes also improved communications, permitting the interconnection between all boards, and it enlarges 100 times the memory available.
JanusII was built thanks to FEDER funds: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Gobierno de España), Gobierno de Aragón, European Union.
More info: http://www.janus-computer.com/janusII
Advanced Visualization
3D VISUALIZATION LABORATORY
The 3D visualization system is located in the Multimedia Room of the I+D Building, and it consists of:
Passive stereo infrastructure (projectors, polarized filters, polarized screen and glasses)
Active stereo infrastructure (46" TV LED Samsung and active glasses)
Immersion infrastructure (infrared cameras, pointers, speakers, Bluetooth Wii mote and Kinect)
The system allows visualization in 3D stereo as well as position yourself in different scenarios in real time. Two different equivalent images are generated in the computer, one for the left eye and the other for the right. Both images are shown through a projector in the same screen. The light of the left image passes through a polarizer filter, and the light of the right image through another filter that is orthogonal to the first one. This system needs circular polarized sunglasses: the right eye sees the right image and the left eye the left image. The optical positioning system is composed of 12 infrared cameras and allows placing the user in the scene. A Bluetooth pad permits to interact with the application. There are also six speakers that produce a surround sound.
The active 3D System and the positioning through Microsoft Kinect were introduced to facilitate the transport of the system, because in this way, the size is much smaller, which means saving time and money compared to the passive system.
Teaching units
At BIFI, we create a unique and versatile environment for the development of useful applications to visualize data. At the end of 2010, two apps were created, one for simulating the universal gravitation and the other one to simulate the interaction between different charges under the influence of an electromagnetic field. Later on, some other applications related to the main BIFI research lines were also developed:
Protein docking app: a NS3 protein, the one that causes Hepatitis C, the drug, and a visualization of the evolution of the disease from 1997 to 1999 are shown.
Fusion application: the old fusion applications at BIFI were integrated in a new environment that allows visualizing the model of the TJ-II and ITER nuclear fusion reactors and their parts. We can launch particles interactively and simulate the behavior of thousands of them.
Augmented reality app: it has been integrated a library for recognizing fiducials, and with the help of a Web cam, some 3D models can be visualized, for example, a protein or a molecule.
15M-movement application: This app is a complex network simulation that permits the visualization of the geo-positioned messages exchanged between Twitter users during the 15M movement that took place in Spain in 2011.
Prisoner's dilemma app: this app allows the visualization in real time of the development of a large-scale experiment organized by BIFI Institute with 1.300 students from schools and institutes of Aragon. In this experiment, subjects were connected in a huge network and they interact with each other.
Specific mini-applications developed for Kinect:
Composition of complex water, Carbon Dioxide and Sulfuric Acid through basic elements such as Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon and Sulphur. It is based on augmented reality.
Interaction with a positive and a negative wire nettings of atoms in which you can see the attraction or repulsion depending on the user movements.
Other activities carried out during 2011:
Participation in the International Symposium "Plasmas y Fusión Nuclear: Ciencia Básica y Desarrollo Tecnológico" organized by the Ramón Areces foundation during the days 11 and 12 of April 2011, showing simulations inside the nuclear fusion reactor thanks to the 3D visualization laboratory.
Attendance to the Technical Seminar "Visualization and Virtual Reality" that took place on December 14 and 15, 2011, in which the researcher Cristina Viñas gave a talk about the work of the group in these research lines.
http://rrlab.bifi.es
Augmented Reality (RA) is a term used to define the superimposition of virtual elements over real images captured from a camera. The difference between RA and virtual reality is that the real world is not replaced, but adds information.
An augmented reality laboratory has been created as an expansion of the 3D visualization lab. It allows simulating different physical scenarios (currently, a pendulum, a load hanging on a spring, and a free-fall). These experiments are automatically executed by various electric motors, electronic controllers, sensors and a camera that captures images that analyze the movements of the actors involved, superimposing the calculated results to verify they are correct. This laboratory has been designed from an educational sector, because this type of system is very helpful for students to better understand these problems.
The idea is that this laboratory would be accessible from a Webpage in order to reduce costs for educational centers and for the right development of the project.
Citizen Science Infrastructure Group is focused on providing the infrastructure to foster the research of the Citizen Science Research Group in all matters concerning citizen science projects and the study of Citizen Science as a subject. This infrastructure is divided into two parts: Etopia Labs and Ibercivis' infrastructure. On one hand, the first one gives support to makers, researchers and citizens who work on different projects leaving at their disposal a variety of tools in different workshops such as: visualization, prototyping, robotics and wetlab. On the other hand, Ibercivis provides a powerful computing infrastructure located at BIFI Data Center that gives support of storage and computation to citizen science projects developed by the Citizen Science Research Group.
IBERCIVIS
Ibercivis infrastructure allows society to participate in scientific research in a direct way and in real time. Ibercivis infrastructure is managed by the Citizen Science Infrastructure Group and it is distributed among several research centers in Spain and Portugal.
Location: Ibercivis's infrastructure is locate at BIFI's data center at BIFI facilities.
Servers: 4 Supermicro servers. Each server has: 2 TB of disk storage and until 48 GB of RAM. One of this servers has too a 2.5 TB RAID formed by 6 SATA disk for backups.
Servers and their hosts:
srv1
backend0
webserver01
monitor.ibercivis.es: Monitoring services.
modulos.ibercivis.es: Opensocial (shindig) server and database slave.
haproxy01
webserver.ibercivis.es: Webservices in Ibercivis.
opendigitalscience.eu
cme.ibercivis.es
database.ibercivis.es: Ibercivis main database.
webserver.ibercivis.es
scheduler.ibercivis.es: Scheduler, feeder and transitioner.
pybossa.socientize.eu
??????lab.ibercivis.es
node4
backend01
tedx.ibercivis.es
hurriquest
canalboinc.ibercivis.es
aqua.ibercivis.es
Containing the following hosts:
REDIRIS: dbrediris.ibercivis.es: Reverse-proxy and data base slave.
CSIC: dbcsic.ibercivis.es: Ibercivis database server.
CETA-CIEMAT: Containing the following hosts:
cetaapache-ibercivis.ceta-ciemat.es: Default BOINC upload server.
resultados-ibercivis.ceta-ciemat.es: Default BOINC download server.
Host: ibercivis.i2basque.es
These hosts manage the Portuguese services and applications. They are these two:
ibercivis03.fccn.pt: Scheduler and database server.
ibercivis04.fccn.pt: Portuguese applications services.
More info at ibercivis.es.
Texto Footer
Mariano Esquillor, Edificio I+D Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza 50018 Zaragoza (Spain) · T: +34 976 762 989 · F: +34 976762990 · @: info@bifi.es
© 2016 Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems | Diseño gráfico Estudio Mique


Kota the education city of India situated at the bank of Chambal river. A city where many students come from across the India to give wings to their dreams. Kota is famous for its coaching institutes for engineering and medical entrance exams. But now identity of Kota is not limited as an educational city because the city is spreading its branches in IT sector also. Instead of Coaching Institute Kota becomes the hub of many IT startup. It is the best city to start your career with.
As comparison to other big cities or metro city Kota is safe and guarded, having peace and less crowd.
The ultimate place for visiting and weekend destinations like seven wonder, Hanging Bridge, Kishore Sagar Lake, Kotah Garh, Chambal Garden, Gaipernath Waterfall and many more that offers not only adventure also breathtaking views.
Kota is also famous for its traditional Rajasthani dishes. The cuisine is full of recipes which are spicy, sweet and sour at the same time to fulfill your taste buds. These are the many dishes like: Kota Kachori, Dal Bati Churma, which are favorites of everyone in the city.
For an employee point of view what work in kota's favour are lower costs, a good talent pool, better quality of life, center startup companies. "They don't have to commute for an hour or two to reach work. Most people here don't commute more than 10-15 minutes. There's peace of mind; life is stress-free. Unlike the metro city, there's no rat race here. People are good, there's closeness and depth in relationships.
What if your work life is just full of fun? And not the same work every day that becomes boring at times. Fun activities and celebration at workplace give people a short break from daily work routine and make them feel that they are part of the organization.
Kota the education city of India situated at the bank of Chambal river. A city where many students come from across the India to give wings to their dreams.
Coming together is the beginning. Keeping together is progress. Working together is success. We have a great sense of togetherness. It is our team spirit that has taken us to this world cup.


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Dr. Luke & Kesha's Mother Release Joint Statement as Defamation Case Is Dismissed
A defamation lawsuit filed in a Tennessee court by Dr. Luke against Kesha's mother, Pebe Sebert, has been dismissed, according to a representative for the producer.
By Dan Rys
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Dr. Luke Courtesy Photo
A defamation lawsuit filed in a Tennessee court by Dr. Luke against Kesha's mother, Pebe Sebert, has been dismissed, according to a representative for the producer. A joint statement released by both Dr. Luke and Ms. Sebert says that the latter "admits she has no firsthand personal knowledge of the events occurring on the night of the alleged rape." The Tennessee case has been dismissed, the statement continues, while the legal battle between Kesha and Dr. Luke, which is proceeding in New York, will continue.
The Tennessee case reaches back to October 2014, when Luke sued Ms. Sebert for defamation and tortious interference in the contract between Kesha and Luke, and was followed by a second defamation lawsuit in September 2016 citing comments made in a Billboard story, as well as social media posts. Previously, Ms. Sebert had countersued Dr. Luke in Tennessee but dropped that case in April 2016; another lawsuit in the saga, filed by Kesha in California, was dropped in August 2016, leaving the legal battle in New York as the only remaining venue.
Read the full joint statement by Dr. Luke and Pebe Sebert below.
The Saga of Kesha, Dr. Luke and a Mother's Fight: 'He Almost Destroyed Us' (Exclusive)
Dr. Luke vigorously disputes and denies that he ever raped Kesha Sebert, and he is asserting claims of defamation in a New York court against Kesha Sebert for making statements to the contrary, which statements Dr. Luke adamantly maintains are false.
Pebe admits she has no firsthand personal knowledge of the events occurring on the night of the alleged rape. Pebe was not present that night. At that time, Pebe was in Nashville, and Kesha was in Los Angeles. The dispute between Kesha and Dr. Luke about the events of that night is the subject of the New York case, and will be decided in that case. Accordingly, all parties believe it is appropriate to dismiss this Tennessee case and focus their attention on the New York case.
Dr. Luke
Pebe Sebert

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It's no secret that I'm a big fan of Mad Hatter's I Love Donuts e-juice, so I was definitely excited to try out the newest addition to their line of dessert-flavored juices: I Love Cookies. How does it stack up compared to I Love Donuts and other popular dessert e-liquids?
I Love Cookies comes in a standard 30mL glass bottle enclosed in a vertical cardboard box that is designed to be stand out on a crowded shelf in a vape shop. As a sucker for well-executed presentation of products, I'm glad to see that Mad Hatter brought their A-game when it comes to the packaging of I Love Cookies.
Right out of the box you'll be greeted with the aroma reminiscent of sweet, freshly baked oatmeal cookies, building the anticipation of what's to come. The sleek, minimalistic yellow wrapper does a great job of representing the lighthearted vibe that helped make I Love Donuts such a smashing success, with I <3 Donuts (I'm not sure if that's how you make a heart symbol on a keyboard) emblazoned on the front, with the heart symbol appearing to have a bite taken out of it. The side of the wrapper shows an image of a flour roller and a cookie with the words "I never met a cookie I didn't like". Like I said, I'm a sucker for the presentation of products.
On to the actual juice itself. The flavor has a powerful, sweet oatmeal cookie taste on the inhale with subtle notes of caramel and strawberries. On the exhale I noticed that the flavors were a little more balanced, with the strawberry and caramel flavors becoming more prominent while the cookie taste was, while still present, slightly diminished.
The 60/40 PG/VG ratio gives I Love Cookies an excellent balance between flavor and cloud-chasing capabilities. I was able to get decent sized clouds while using my Lone Wulf mech mod and RDA setup, as well as while using a KBOX 200 with a Sense Herakles tank. No matter what your preference is when it comes to mods, you'll get great performance out of I Love Cookies.
Overall, I Love Cookies is a great flavor for fans of sweet dessert juices. It's a well-balanced, complex flavor that works well as an post-dinner vape or even an all day vape if you really have a sweet tooth. I wouldn't recommend it for fans of fruity flavors, as the strawberry flavoring is more of a dessert-style creamy strawberry, and it isn't very prominent in the flavor profile.
I Love Cookies is available in a 30mL size and comes in 0mg, 3mg, 6mg, and 12mg nicotine strengths.
Get I Love Cookies at madhatterjuice.com.


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L.I.F.E. HOUSTON
Tea + Matcha Blends FAQs
Infuser Bottle FAQ's
Healthy Living Products
UEndure
New Study Links Green Tea with Reducing Risk of Alzheimer's Disease
Can green tea really reduce the risk of Alzheimer's Disease?
The results of a longitudinal study of 957 Chinese seniors that began in 2003 were published in the peer reviewed scientific journal The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging in December of 2016. The study concluded that drinking tea regularly lowered the risk of cognitive impairment by 50% for the general population, and by as much as 86% for those seniors with a genetic predisposition to developing the disorder. That's huge news!
The study did not identify specific components in tea that caused the effect. "Our understanding of the detailed biological mechanisms is still very limited," stated Assistant Professor Feng Lei from the Department of Psychological Medicine at the National University of Singapore. Professor Lei went on to speculate that bioactive compounds in tea leaves such as catechins and theaflavins caused the reduction in dementia documented in the study.
Matcha drinkers benefit from higher concentrations of these compounds than other tea drinkers because they consume the entire tea leaf. With matcha tea the entire tea leaf is ground to a fine powder and dissolved in water.
This Finding Corroborates Earlier Work
The findings documented by Professor Lei's study echo a much earlier study released in 2006. That study focused on over 1,000 Japanese participants all aged 70 or over and specifically focused on green tea. It found that higher consumption of green tea is associated with a lower prevalence of cognitive impairment in humans.
That study was conducted because the researchers found ample evidence of the beneficial impact of the bioactive compounds found in green tea on animals, but found no human studies. The 2006 study asked participants how many cups of green tea they consumed each day and measured their cognitive functions. This approach is valid, but is less robust than Professor Lei's longitudinal study which tracked participants over a number of years.
Both studies suggest that a simple change in lifestyle from drinking coffee to drinking green tea can have a major change in the likelihood of developing dementia and Alzheimer's disease. This is remarkable news, given the significant problem that these conditions represent for aging baby boomers. It caused us to wonder why these studies are not widely reported.
Washington Post Story
In 2008, the Washington Post reported on a highly detailed scientific study conducted in Germany. The purpose of the study was to identify the biological mechanism that caused the results shown in the 2006 study. Researchers found that EGCG, an antioxidant in green tea, was a potent weapon against plaque in the brain, a leading suspect of the cause of dementia.
The report quoted Greg M. Cole, a neuroscientist at the Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, and associate director of the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine. He was impressed by the results, and stated flatly that because EGCG cannot be patented by pharmaceutical companies there might not be enough investment to conduct clinical studies of this impact. This is a remarkable statement with profound implications for public health policy statements regarding the impact of green tea on dementia.
We certainly believe that the studies which show how green tea helps prevent dementia are worth noting, and would welcome more research by the US government into this issue. While we wait for that, we'll enjoy a delicious cup of green tea.
Herbal Teas: The Beverage of Healing
Maximizing the Impact of Your Green Tea
Green Tea and Diabetes
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Japanese or Chinese Green Tea
How To Host An Afternoon Tea Party
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Neil Tennant hints at Pet Shop Boys Glastonbury appearance
By Lucy Mapstone, PA Deputy Entertainment Editor
PA Media: Entertainment 2 January 2020
Neil Tennant has hinted that the Pet Shop Boys could appear at Glastonbury Festival this year.
Tennant, one half of the synth-pop duo alongside Chris Lowe, stuttered when asked about the possibility of performing at the music event in June by host Nicki Chapman on Radio 2's Zoe Ball Breakfast Show.
Looking ahead at the band's touring schedule for this year, Chapman said she could not see a date in Somerset, adding: "You know I'm thinking perhaps Glastonbury."
Could the Pet Shop Boys be joining Sir Paul McCartney at Glastonbury this year? (Ian West/PA)
Tennant said: "Somerset, um of course Glastonbury is in Somerset…"
Probed further, he stammered slightly before Chapman asked: "Have I put you on the spot?"
"You have put me on the spot, let's just leave me there," Tennant said.
The Pet Shops Boys, who were founded in London in 1981 and have gone on to sell more than 100 million records worldwide thanks to hits including West End Girls, It's A Sin and a cover of Always On My Mind, are due to go on tour across the UK and Europe in May and June.
Their tour ends on June 19 with a performance in Oslo, meaning they have nothing planned over the Glastonbury Festival dates of June 24 – 28.
The Glastonbury line-up for 2020 so far includes headline performances from Sir Paul McCartney and Taylor Swift.
Diana Ross was the first act confirmed for the festival, playing in the Legends slot, following in the footsteps of the likes of Kylie Minogue, Dolly Parton and Lionel Richie.
Other names rumoured to appear at the event include Aerosmith, Kendrick Lamar, the Spice Girls and Oasis.
Dwayne Johnson reveals his wrestler dad Rocky died following huge heart attack
Harry meets PM and world leaders at one of his last official royal engagements
Harry and Meghan: legal actions show level of distrust in UK press


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Did the U.S. Army help spread Morgellons and other diseases?
by Hank P. Albarelli Jr., Zoe Martell
Last week's Voltaire Network article concerning the mysterious spread of a fungus disease in the Northwest United States provoked a number of readers to contact Mr. H. P. Albarelli Jr., the author of both these articles, with new information concerning strange diseases and the U.S. Army's covert biological warfare activities which involve the use of chemical and biological weapons against human beings. There is a history of U.S. secret human experimentation. In this case, it is unsuspecting U.S. citizens who are the victims.
Voltaire Network | 18 May 2010
I went to put some of the medicated salve on the lesions on my face and when I put the salve near them the filaments beneath my skin moved into a group and then moved away from the area I was going to treat. I was dumbstruck. I didn't know what to think. I screamed for my husband to come … the damn things beneath my skin were alive; they moved to avoid treatment.
Morgellons victim, Vermont, May 2010.
One reader, former military scientist, Dr. Hanley Watson, revealed that the Army, "from 1950 to at least mid-1976" conducted "numerous experiments simulating biological or germ warfare attacks in dozens of locations across the country." Said Watson, "Previously these experiments were downplayed by the Pentagon as 'harmless tests' occurring in about 8 areas in the US and employing benign substances, but this couldn't be further from the truth."
Watson was referring to a 1976 Pentagon press conference during which an Army spokesman revealed that researchers with the Army's Fort Detrick and Edgewood Arsenal, both in Maryland, conducted "simulated germ warfare attacks, using nondisease [sic] causing biological substances in 8 areas of the US." Among these experiments were a 1950 operation off the coast of San Francisco; a 1966 biological warfare experiment in Manhattan in which "the vulnerability of the New York subway system was tested"; and at least three experiments conducted in Pennsylvania, Fort McClellan, Alabama, and California with "fungal substances" to "perform field evaluations to determine vulnerability to enemy biological attack."
As widely reported in the mid-1970s, the San Francisco experiment resulted in the death of at least one person. Additionally, the 1952 Alabama experiments resulted in a doubling of pneumonia cases in the surrounding areas. Nonetheless, Army officials stated, "There is nothing we have that shows any links between these tests and any outbreak of infection or any deaths."
Army officials went on in defending themselves and the experiments by stating that the substance the Army used in many of the experiments was Serratia marcescens, which they maintained is harmless. Said the Pentagon, "The substance is present throughout the environment and is considered not to cause disease." But other physicians said this claim is simply wrong. Several responsible physicians pointed out that Serratia marcescens does cause infection in humans; and is commonly found in bathrooms and public rest rooms. Doctors also state that some strains of the bacterium are resistant to multiple antibiotics.
Eventually in 1976, the Pentagon amended its position, stating: "For some individuals who lack a capability to develop immunity to most disease Serratia marcescens could conceivably act as an opportunist and produce an infection." Assumably, the Pentagon was not referring to AIDS patients, however, it is interesting to note that 1976 was about 6 years into its research on a disease that sounded remarkably like AIDS. Also, apparently the Pentagon was unaware of a 1946 Fort Detrick medical journal paper by Dr. Tom F. Paine, which detailed an Army experiment with Serratia marcescens that resulted in illness and infection in 4 subjects exposed to the bacterium delivered in aerosol form.
Explained Watson further, "The experiments conducted from the early 1950s through 1976 were many more in number than officially stated, and they were conducted in many more locations than the reported eight." Added Watson, "In the 1950s and 1960s alone there were easily about two dozen experiments conducted in the New England area." One of the larger experiments, as detailed in my book, A Terrible Mistake: The Murder of Frank Olson and the CIA's Secret Cold War Experiments [1], is the strange, and allegedly coincidental, experiment at a Manchester, New Hampshire woolen mill that resulted in the anthrax-related tragic deaths of 4 mill employees. In September 1957, at the same time the outbreak took place, biochemists from Fort Detrick just happened to be on site at the mill performing tests with an anthrax vaccine. Fort Detrick researcher Dr. George G. Wright had developed the prototype vaccine being tested at the mill. Wright's vaccine is essentially the same controversial serum administered today to American troops.
Watson also cited a number of Army experiments conducted during the same time period and later with spore-borne diseases. One of these experiments was conducted in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. There the Army used a fungal substance known as aspergillus fumigatus. Watson said that this fungal substance could result in disease and severe infection in humans. In addition to the aspergillus fungus, Watson and a former Fort Detrick microbiologist said the Army, through the Special Operation Division (SO) at Fort Detrick, experimented with several other fungus substances including spore-borne C. gattii from Australia, and with a "substance very much like Morgellons disease in its effects."
This substance was referred to as "FD-CPX." Said the former Detrick scientist, who worked under project MK/NAOMI, a joint CIA-Army program for 6 years, "CPX was a problematic substance for us. We worked with it in mutated form, and a number of sub-contractors came down with the disease and that caused all sorts of additional problems. They were still working with it when I left the post. I don't know if SO ever got it right."
The Mechanicsburg experiment took place, according to Pentagon officials, "in a warehouse in the area" that "was completely closed off to others not participating in the tests." Said an Army spokesman, "The fungus was not released into the atmosphere outside the warehouse and presented no dangers to anyone unrelated to the activity."
In light of future developments in Mechanicsburg, following the experiment, this assertion is difficult to accept. Several years after the Army activities, scientists in Pennsylvania began to notice that an unusually large number of animals, including cats, dogs and horses that had become ill from the fungus infection. Reportedly, the number of animals that became ill increased for a number of years.
Dr. Watson, along with two other former Fort Detrick researchers, including the late Dr. Henry Eigelsbach, also revealed an odd experiment that took place in Pascagoula, Mississippi and produced one of the most puzzling UFO and strange entity cases on record in America. This was the incident, detailed in Albarelli's book, involving two local fishermen who claimed to have been abducted by aliens from a fishing pier in October 1973. Much overlooked in the case is that the pier was not far away from a former Fort Detrick research site, Horn Island. The barrier island was formally used from 1943 to 1945 by Army researchers, but former microbiologists with the military report that several experiments were conducted on the island, and other islands off the coast of Maryland, in the late-1960s and early1970s. Detrick microbiologists conducted intensive experiments on the islands "involving human research subjects" and a number "of natural hallucinogenics as well as advanced neuroscience techniques" aimed at the objection of producing "previously unexplored and unique psychological warfare methods." Some researchers maintain that these experiments were part of the Army's top-secret Operation Strange Man, which is said to have involved "mutated human subjects." As unbelievable as these reports seem, there have been unexplained sightings, some by law enforcement officials, of very odd humanoid creatures in several of the related locations over the years. Said one of Watson's former Detrick colleagues: "These were experiments involving human subjects that went way beyond what anyone could imagine. Some of the findings and technology was transferred to Southeast Asia during the later stages of the war there."
Besides Horn Island, the Army's Chemical Corps and Fort Detrick conducted numerous experiments at Plum Island off the coast of New York. Plum Island, originally known as Fort Terry, In the early 1950s it was under the command of the Army Chemical Corps, and then in 1954 it was nominally transferred to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the mission of its research was changed from "one which encompassed studies on various exotic animal diseases to determine both their offensive and defensive potentialities as biological warfare agents to one which pertains only to the defensive aspects of [animal diseases]," according to writer Michael Carroll, who wrote a book on Plum Island. Despite the changes made to the official record, research at Plum Island changed little in reality; diseases with the potential to be used as offensive agents continued, unhindered, and a close relationship remained in place between Plum Island and the Department of Defense.
Lyme disease is a tick-vectored spirochetal disease, which was identified in 1975 when a mysterious illness broke out among residents in Old Lyme, Connecticut. It rarely appears by itself in humans, with sufferers often testing positive for infection by several tick-borne diseases concurrently. The Plum Island animal diseases laboratory is located a mere twelve miles from the first identified cases of Lyme disease.
Research at the Plum Island facility is known to have included diseases carried by arthropods; in fact, Carroll describes in his book the historical presence of a large "tick colony" on the premises. Carroll's history of the testing done at the facility indicates that outdoor, field testing of diseases was done on and near Plum Island, and also details numerous breaches in safety procedures throughout the history of the laboratory's operation. In 1978, for example, a cattle disease called Hoof and Mouth disease escaped from the Plum Island, infecting cattle in neighboring areas.
According to declassified army documents, Fort Derick scientists also experimented widely with Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus (VEEV). Several documents cite that Fort Detrick assigned some its top researchers to efforts to weaponized the virus, but say nothing about the number of former Nazi biochemists who worked closely with Fort Detrick and Edgewood Arsenal researchers, including the much overlooked German scientist, Dr. Gernot Bergold.
Gernot H. Bergold (1911–2003)
The U.S. Army's Project Paperclip [2] secretly brought Bergold to the United States after the war. In America, Dr. Bergold, who under Hitler's Third Reich headed the Nazi's Entomological Department and the Department of Insect Vectors of the Division of Virus Research, secretly worked on the VEE virus for the military at Fort Detrick, and then at a military-sponsored facility in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Psychologist Dr. Karen Cronick, who now works in Venezuela, reports that in the 1970s, at about the same time Bergold was conducting his work with VEE, there was an outbreak of the virus in Michigan. This outbreak has been virtually blacked out by the media and state officials.
Dr. Cronick states, "The coincidence of these events has always troubled me. A tropical disease that was researched in Michigan suddenly appeared there in the general population. There is no way the insect vector that transmits the disease could get so far north by any normal migration. Could the Michigan outbreak have been a controlled experiment? It is the perfect place to carry one out: the Great Lakes and winter are natural limits to any unrestrained expansion of infected vectors."
As reported in an earlier Voltaire Network [3] by this author, Morgellons disease, which was experimented with by Fort Detrick in the 1960s and beyond, has recently been reported as a "disease of high-level concern" in certain areas of the country, including Vermont, and Florida, Texas and California. For reasons thus far unknown, Morgellons seems to be wide spread among Vermont's small population of 600,000. Some doctors in Chittenden County, Vermont's most populated region estimate that about 300 people in the state have the disease.
According to a number of organizations dedicated to the study of Morgellons, there are about 15,000 people in the US suffering from the disease. Included in this number are many well-known names, singer Joni Mitchell, baseball player Billy Koch, and others.
Natasha Cebek, 44, who lives in Vermont with her 3 children, reported that she has had Morgellons disease for about 3 years. "I don't really know how I contracted the disease," she said in an interview this week. "I came to Vermont years ago to live in a clean, natural environment free from pollution and environmental assaults and never imagined anything like this would happen to me."
Cebek says she has been to several physicians nearly all of whom "gave me a Stepford wives-type smile. One even offered to send me to a psychotherapist. That made me quite angry; I had been healthy all my life; I had taken special care to eat properly and live a quality life and to teach my children to do the same. I didn't need psychological attention; I needed medical care; quality, expert care."
Cebek states, "There's no comfort in numbers. I've learned that well over a hundred people have sought treatment for this disease at the same facilities I've visited. That's a major outbreak in my view; that's a major public health problem, but health officials here don't speak about it publicly."
One form of Mogellons disease.
Kathleen Vanoudenallen, a registered nurse who is a close friend of Cebek's, and who has intensively studied Morgellons for years, and first diagnosed Cebek, stated this week, "I don't think there's much doubt that Morgellons looks like something that has been altered, something not natural that may have been created in a lab, something weaponized. Some former military researchers say they worked on just such a disease years ago. How it got out into the general population is anyone's guess. Nobody wants to go the record with information about the government's work with the disease."
Recounted Cebek, "When I learned that this disease could possibly be a result of covert biological warfare work performed by our government I was outraged. I wanted to scream, to smash the wall. How dare they do this to unsuspecting citizens? How dare they use people like this? What gives them the right? Who the hell do they think they are?"
Hank P. Albarelli Jr.
Zoe Martell
Special thanks to Anthony Frewin for providing needed information on British biological work.
[1] A Terrible Mistake: The Murder of Frank Olson and the CIA's Secret Cold War Experiments, by Hank P. Albarelli Jr. (October 2009, TrineDay Publishers, ISBN-10: 0977795373, Hardcover, 864 pages.).
[2] See «"Operation Paperclip" : des V2 à la Lune», Réseau Voltaire, Augsut 24, 2004.
[3] « Mystery Disease Linked to Vanished Israeli Scientist », by Hank P. Albarelli Jr., Voltaire Network, May 7, 2010.
Investigative journalist and writer who lives in Florida and Vermont. Last book published : « A Terrible Mistake : The murder of Frank Olson and the CIA's secret Cold War Experiments ». Albarelli's book documents and details numerous CIA and Pentagon sponsored experiments on unwitting human subjects. Albarelli is a founding member of the recently formed North American Truth and Accountability Commission on Human Experimentation.
CIA Denial of Coddling Nazis Far From the Truth - Part 2
CIA's Denial of Protecting Nazis is Blatant Lie - Part 1
"They Fled Away Like Gangsters": Murder & Greed in Baghdad
Dengue Fever Outbreak Leads Back to CIA & Army Experiments
Morgellons and the CIA's MK/NAOMI Project (Part 2)
Lecturer in psychology at San Francisco State University; much of her work has focused on the experiences of people suffering from chronic illnesses. She is also an artist, and is currently working toward a dual master's degree at San Francisco Art Institute.
Morgellons Victims Across the US and Europe (Part 1)
National Security Secrecy
This author's articles
The corruption of the Bidens
Illegality of the US position dealing with Iran
Russian Foreign Ministry statement on the misleading assertions by the United States on the return of the previously terminated UN Security Council sanctions on Iran
WHO chief accused of arms trafficking
Nuclear Euromissiles are Back
10th anniversary of Lancaster House Treaties
Pentagon arming the Talibans, says WaPo
NATO's Stay-Behind network in Denmark is alive and well
NATO underhandedly supports Turkey and Azerbaijan
Source: "Did the U.S. Army help spread Morgellons and other diseases?", by Hank P. Albarelli Jr., Zoe Martell, Voltaire Network, 18 May 2010, www.voltairenet.org/article165450.html


My mom taught me the importance of taking care of my skin from a young age so I have always been pretty picky about what products I put on my face. I always wash my face morning and night and just can't stand the thought of sleeping in my makeup because I'm not one of those lucky girls who have perfect skin without ever doing anything to it. I think the change in seasons is the perfect time to switch up your skincare routine and really pamper your skin with some extra love. Last month I was introduced to Dermalogica when they invited me to their Santa Monica spa for a facial. I immediately loved the fresh smell of their products when I walked in the door and my skin felt so good after the treatment. Since then, I have been using their complete line of skincare with the cleansing gel, daily microfoliant, ultra calming mist, skin smoothing cream, and intensive eye repair. I also use my Olay facial cleansing brush when I wash my face at night to help get it extra clean and exfoliated, and it definitely works just as good as the Clarisonic but it's a lot less money. I have loved the way these products feel on my skin and I have loved the results as well. The great thing about them is how they use all natural products and ingredients that are good for you without any artificial fragrances.
The other product that I think is essential to your beauty routine is a great robe and I am loving this maternity robe from Love Ophelia! It is seriously the softest robe I have ever put on. It's so light weight and comfy that it doesn't get hot while you're getting ready or lounging around the house. I know it will be the perfect item to bring with me to the hospital with my new babe and the days after when I'll be at home nursing or snuggling my two kiddos. Be sure to check out their site because they have the cutest colors and matching nighties with their robes.


Go behind the scenes of Sunday's unforgettable Merseyside derby victory with the latest edition of 'Inside Anfield'.
Liverpool beat Everton 1-0 thanks to Divock Origi's dramatic 96th-minute winner at the Kop end.
As usual, LFCTV GO's cameras were granted exclusive access around the stadium - including the players' tunnel - to capture special footage before, during and after the match.
Watch 'Inside Anfield' above to see the story of the derby from a different angle.


text:
<?php

namespace Backend\CoreBundle\Entity;

use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;

/**
 * Backend\CoreBundle\Entity\Passager
 *
 * @ORM\Table(name="passager")
 * @ORM\Entity
 */
class Passager
{
    /**
     * @var integer $id
     *
     * @ORM\Column(name="id", type="integer", nullable=false)
     * @ORM\Id
     * @ORM\GeneratedValue(strategy="IDENTITY")
     */
    private $id;

    /**
     * @var string $titre
     *
     * @ORM\Column(name="titre", type="string", length=45, nullable=true)
     */
    private $titre;

    /**
     * @var string $prenom
     *
     * @ORM\Column(name="prenom", type="string", length=100, nullable=true)
     */
    private $prenom;

    /**
     * @var string $nom
     *
     * @ORM\Column(name="nom", type="string", length=100, nullable=true)
     */
    private $nom;

    /**
     * @var string $nationalite
     *
     * @ORM\Column(name="nationalite", type="string", length=45, nullable=true)
     */
    private $nationalite;

    /**
     * @var datetime $dateNaissance
     *
     * @ORM\Column(name="date_naissance", type="datetime", nullable=true)
     */
    private $dateNaissance;

    /**
     * @var Reservation
     *
     * @ORM\ManyToMany(targetEntity="Reservation", mappedBy="passager")
     */
    private $reservation;

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->reservation = new \Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection();
    }

    /**
     * Get id
     *
     * @return integer
     */
    public function getId()
    {
        return $this->id;
    }

    /**
     * Set titre
     *
     * @param string $titre
     */
    public function setTitre($titre)
    {
        $this->titre = $titre;
    }

    /**
     * Get titre
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getTitre()
    {
        return $this->titre;
    }

    /**
     * Set prenom
     *
     * @param string $prenom
     */
    public function setPrenom($prenom)
    {
        $this->prenom = $prenom;
    }

    /**
     * Get prenom
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getPrenom()
    {
        return $this->prenom;
    }

    /**
     * Set nom
     *
     * @param string $nom
     */
    public function setNom($nom)
    {
        $this->nom = $nom;
    }

    /**
     * Get nom
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getNom()
    {
        return $this->nom;
    }

    /**
     * Set nationalite
     *
     * @param string $nationalite
     */
    public function setNationalite($nationalite)
    {
        $this->nationalite = $nationalite;
    }

    /**
     * Get nationalite
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getNationalite()
    {
        return $this->nationalite;
    }

    /**
     * Set dateNaissance
     *
     * @param datetime $dateNaissance
     */
    public function setDateNaissance($dateNaissance)
    {
        $this->dateNaissance = $dateNaissance;
    }

    /**
     * Get dateNaissance
     *
     * @return datetime
     */
    public function getDateNaissance()
    {
        return $this->dateNaissance;
    }

    /**
     * Add reservation
     *
     * @param Backend\CoreBundle\Entity\Reservation $reservation
     */
    public function addReservation(\Backend\CoreBundle\Entity\Reservation $reservation)
    {
        $this->reservation[] = $reservation;
    }

    /**
     * Get reservation
     *
     * @return Doctrine\Common\Collections\Collection
     */
    public function getReservation()
    {
        return $this->reservation;
    }

    public function __toString() {
        return $this->getNom() . ' ' . $this->getPrenom();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Harbor Springs ~ Petoskey Scrapbooking, Card Making and Craft Retreat Weekend is so much fun! Spend hours on end making beautiful projects, get ideas from others who attend & meet new friends who love to scrapbook and craft as much as you do. You will feel right at home while staying in a Trout Creek Condominium.
Our Scrapbooking and Craft Retreats are so different than any others you may have attended. With the intimate & casual atmosphere, you can even feel free to wear your sleep pants & slippers…go for it! We limit the number of scrappers so you can work comfortably, visit with your friends, and make new ones.
Come Early! Arrive Thursday for no additional charge and get set up in the clubhouse. That way you can be ready to get started early Friday morning.
Use of equipment at the fitness center.
Scrap until midnight Friday & Saturday.
Pizza party Friday evening, breakfast Saturday & Sunday, lunch Saturday, and snacks all weekend long.
** Prices include all taxes and fees.
**These prices are samples of group sizes. For example…a 1 bedroom condo could sleep 2 people so the cost would go down. Just let us know what works for you.
** If you would like to add Thursday night…you are welcome to do so for FREE! Just let us know!
Would you return to Trout Creek?
Absolutely, we're already planning on coming in the fall!
Yes & not just for scrappin – will bring my family!
Molly (the masseuse) was excellent!
Every staff member is so pleasant and helpful!


ATLANTA (March 3, 2014) | Senate Resolution 941, which urges Congress to increase the number of visas awarded to Korean citizens who work in certain specialty industries, passed the Georgia Senate today by a vote of 51 to 1. The resolution was sponsored by Senate President Pro Tempore David Shafer (R – Duluth).
SR 941 urges the U.S. Congress to expand economic investment by increasing the number of visas designed to permit Korean citizens possessing skills in a specialty occupation. Additionally, the resolution recognizes the importance of the U.S. – Korea Free Trade Agreement of 2012, which increases opportunities for U.S. exporters to sell goods and services to Korean customers.
SR 941 now moves to the Georgia House of Representatives for consideration. The resolution must be adopted by both chambers of the Georgia General Assembly.


Christopher Limber is an award-winning playwright, composer, director and actor whose career has spanned over 35 years acting, directing and providing scripts, music and lyrics for theatres around the country, including The Kennedy Center in Washington DC, Childsplay Theatre in Phoenix, AZ and Idaho Theatre for Youth. Christopher has acted in over 75 productions and directed more than 60, including shows for The Repertory Theatre of St. Louis and Opera Theatre of St. Louis. Two of his directorial projects received awards: Bent for HotCity Theatre received a St. Louis Post-Dispatch "Judy Award" (2001), for Best Drama, and Twelfth Night for St. Louis Shakespeare was named "Best Shakespeare Production" in 2001 by The Riverfront Times.He currently serves as Interim Artistic Director for Prison Performing Arts . Over a decade for Shakespeare Festival St. Louis, Mr. Limber served as Education Director and oversaw the Touring productions which reached 20,000+ students each season. "Me & Richard 3", which he wrote and produced, toured in 2008, then won the 2009 Kevin Kline Award for Outstanding Production for Young Audiences and is published by Playscripts, Inc. As a composer/Lyricist, Christopher's published scores include Kabuki Ugly Duckling and The Secret Garden, both collaborations with playwright Pamela Sterling. The Secret Garden won the Most Distinguished Play Award from The American Association of Theatre in Education. Original Cast Recordings in New York City featured his orchestrations for Journey to the Center of the Earth by Stephen Dolginoff, on the recently released CD. Mr. Limber holds a BFA in Acting from the State University of New York at Purchase. He has taught Shakespeare, acting, acting styles, improvisation, voice, speech, and movement for actors of all ages at every major educational institution in St. Louis – including the Center of Contemporary Arts (COCA), Saint Louis University, University of Missouri in St. Louis, Washington University, St. Louis, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville Il, as well as workshops and teacher training at over a hundred middle, high and elementary schools throughout Missouri and Illinois. Mr. Limber has been a national trainer around the world for Opera America, traveling internationally to present the curriculum Music! Words! Opera!, for teachers and opera companies. He studied English Literature and Shakespeare for a summer at Exeter College – University of Oxford, England and is a graduate of the Community Artists Training offered through the Regional Arts Commission, St. Louis. Mr. Limber is a proud member of Actor's Equity Association, the Dramatists' Guild and is a certified hypnotherapist and member of the National Guild of Hypnotherapists, specializing in individual performance coaching for all of the performing arts. He also develops personalized creative visualization and hypnosis tapes for artists in the theatre, music, dance and the visual arts.


One of the major causes of refrigerator inefficiency or failure is dirty or clogged condenser coils. This results in restricted airflow throughout the system and will require the refrigerator to work harder and consume more electricity in order to maintain the optimum temperatures necessary to avoid food spoilage.
Refrigeration accounts for a major percentage of in-store electricity demand ranging from 25% – 30% for larger hypermarkets to over 60% for food-dominant convenience stores. In June 2013, during the annual Consumer Goods Forum (CGF) Refrigeration Summit in London, Climate Change Minister Greg Barker called on the UK's major supermarkets to step up their efforts to improve energy efficiency by adopting new refrigeration technologies. In a typical supermarket the cost of refrigeration is by far and away the largest percentage of energy used and the retail display units are a 24/7 operation with high failure rates. In the event of a failure a retail outlet will lose product, revenue from ost sales and have to deal with a potentially expensive repair bill.
One of the quickest and simplest ways to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption is to ensure a regular maintenance schedule for refrigerated display cabinets and ice machines is carried out. It's essential for condensers and evaporators to be kept clean and to ensure fans and defrost systems are working correctly.
To avoid expensive maintenance schedules, many retail outlets are recognizing the benefits of using external air intake filters, like the PreVent Model R. This allows regular retail staff to remove and clean them as part of their daily cleaning schedule. Air intake screens can be positioned on the outside of metal air intake louvers thanks to a patented and unique magnetic fixing design. The filters then become easily accessible from the outside without having to pay engineers to have the displays turned off and dismantled in order to retrieve them.


OneStrand design, author, and manage technical data for some of the aerospace industries leading companies. Our consultative approach to solving business problems means you get innovative solutions, customized to meet your companies unique challenges.
We understand that aircraft manufacturers continuously strive to build the safest, most innovative designs for their market. Let OneStrand help you differentiate yourself from your competitors by offering your customers technical documentation that is "alive" with the features they want most.


text:
You are readingPlayStation Store & 'Welcome Back' Program Now Up and Running
share:ft	g s
June 5, 2011. By Bernie Mota
PlayStation Store & 'Welcome Back' Program Now Up and Running
Finally the PlayStation Store is finally open for business and so is Sony's plans to give back to its install base with the "Welcome Back" program.
So help me Bob, I promise you (and my very cool Editor) that this will be the very last story about the PlayStation Network I will write … well, at least not until a really long time in between. Absolutely, the irritation this whole PSN fiasco has brought on its citizens has been heavy and I'm certain at this point no one wants to be reminded of its depressing status.
Today though, I bring only good tidings! That's because I can say with full confidence (please, oh please don't fail me now Sony) that the PlayStation Store is back from being knocked out from its 6 long weeks hack-induced comma. Can I get a – wahoo, PSN! Wahoo, PSN!
Although, the PS3's online center of digital commerce being finally fully restored isn't the only thing to be excited about — already in progress, PlayStation 3 users (who joined PSN before April 20, 2011) can take advantage of the "Welcome Back" program, Sony's "We're so sorry" initiative to get gamers back into the groove of using the online service once again.
Just a push of the X button to the PlayStation Store will take PS3 users to the front page of the store, where they should see upon arriving, the "Welcome Back" section. From there, you can choose 2 free PS3 games from a list of five — and for PlayStation Portable users, two free PSP games from a list of four (personally, I would go with Wipeout HD + Fury and the original inFamous — both equally sweet games.)
They're awesomely yours to keep forever, but you've got to strike while the "cyber-iron" is hot, because after July 3, 2011 all free games and content offers will end abruptly … so please, don't miss out!
Oh and don't forget either, that along with that Sony is offering 30 days of PlayStation Plus to non-PS Plus subscribers. If you already have the premium service, then a bonus of 60 days will be added to your account.
tags: playstation store, playstation store back, playstation store reopen, psn store, sony online store
Black Ops 3 Limited Edition Bundle DEAL
PlayStation 4 1TB Console - Call of Duty


To the best of your knowledge the information you have provided is TRUE and ACCURATE. The Australian Organic Food Directory will not be held liable for information submitted or contributed on this site.
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text:
The Southern Alps and Fiordland Travel Guide
The Southern Alps and Fiordland Things To Do
The Southern Alps and Fiordland Hotels
The Southern Alps and Fiordland Restaurants
The Southern Alps and Fiordland Top Places
The Southern Alps and Fiordland Travel Tips
The Southern Alps and Fiordland News
The Southern Alps and Fiordland Gallery
The Southern Alps and Fiordland Sights
The Southern Alps and Fiordland Nightlife
The Southern Alps and Fiordland Performing Arts
The Southern Alps and Fiordland Shopping
The Southern Alps and Fiordland
Fodor's Expert Review Skippers Canyon
Queenstown Canyon
One of the enduring attractions in the area is the drive up Skippers Canyon. Harking back to the days when the hills were filled with gold diggers, the Skippers Road was hand carved out of rock, and it reaches into the deep recesses of the Shotover Valley. It's breathtakingly gorgeous, but you could also be breathtakingly scared: there's a good reason that rental car companies don't insure you if you drive on this twisty, narrow, unpaved road fraught with slips and vertical drops. It's usually best to visit this place on a tour.
Canyon Historical
Skippers Rd.
Queenstown, Otago 9371, New Zealand
Skippers Canyon


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text:
Jack Dorsey Frets Over Silicon Valley Censorship as He Defends Donald Trump Twitter Ban
By Jeffery Martin On 1/13/21 at 11:57 PM EST
U.S. Twitter Social media Jack Dorsey Donald Trump
In a lengthy Wednesday thread, Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey pondered the effects of social media banning the accounts of certain individuals, such as President Donald Trump. Twitter permanently blocked Trump from using the social media platform last week after determining that some of his tweets could incite real-life violence.
Trump used social media to push his unverified claims of widespread voter fraud. After his rhetoric was widely blamed for the U.S. Capitol riot on Wednesday, Twitter banned Trump from its platform. Other social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram and YouTube, followed suit. Dorsey wrote on Wednesday that the move to ban some accounts was divisive.
"Having to take these actions fragment the public conversation," Dorsey tweeted. "They divide us. They limit the potential for clarification, redemption, and learning. And sets a precedent I feel is dangerous: the power an individual or corporation has over a part of the global public conversation."
Having to take these actions fragment the public conversation. They divide us. They limit the potential for clarification, redemption, and learning. And sets a precedent I feel is dangerous: the power an individual or corporation has over a part of the global public conversation.
— jack (@jack) January 14, 2021
Dorsey said that the checks and balances on most social media platforms ensured that various posts created a wider "public conversation," allowing consumers to pick and choose which internet service best catered to their needs.
"This concept was challenged last week when a number of foundational internet tool providers also decided not to host what they found dangerous," Dorsey wrote. "I do not believe this was coordinated. More likely: companies came to their own conclusions or were emboldened by the actions of others."
This concept was challenged last week when a number of foundational internet tool providers also decided not to host what they found dangerous. I do not believe this was coordinated. More likely: companies came to their own conclusions or were emboldened by the actions of others.
Banning Trump's account was not a moment that made Dorsey "celebrate or feel pride." Nonetheless, Dorsey stood by the decision.
"I believe this was the right decision for Twitter," Dorsey continued. "We faced an extraordinary and untenable circumstance, forcing us to focus all of our actions on public safety. Offline harm as a result of online speech is demonstrably real, and what drives our policy and enforcement above all."
I believe this was the right decision for Twitter. We faced an extraordinary and untenable circumstance, forcing us to focus all of our actions on public safety. Offline harm as a result of online speech is demonstrably real, and what drives our policy and enforcement above all.
Even after Trump leaves office, he will not be permitted to rejoin Twitter. "Permanently suspending an account will remove it from global view, and the violator will not be allowed to create new accounts," a Twitter spokesperson told Newsweek via email on Wednesday. "When we permanently suspend an account, we notify people that they have been suspended for abuse violations, and explain which policy or policies they have violated and which content was in violation."
"If we have a reason to believe he's using other accounts to evade the suspension, the accounts could face permanent suspension under our ban evasion policies," the spokesperson added.
During his term, Trump embraced Twitter as a direct line to his supporters. Trump used the platform to praise allies, harangue perceived enemies and make announcements about U.S. policies. Trump balked at the idea of any sort of censoring of his posts and, in May 2020, called for the repeal of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which serves as a shield for online platforms prohibiting them from litigation over content posted by third parties.
"Online platforms are engaging in selective censorship that is harming our national discourse," Trump wrote in an Executive Order. "Tens of thousands of Americans have reported, among other troubling behaviors, online platforms 'flagging' content as inappropriate, even though it does not violate any stated terms of service; making unannounced and unexplained changes to company policies that have the effect of disfavoring certain viewpoints; and deleting content and entire accounts with no warning, no rationale, and no recourse."
Trump vetoed the 2021 National Defense Authorization Act for not including language that called for the removal of Section 230. In December, the House voted to override Trump's veto.
Trump's last tweet was on January 8. "To all who have asked," it read. "I will not be going to the inauguration on January 20th."
According to a January Twitter blog entry, that tweet countered Trump's previous claims that there would be an "orderly transition" between presidential administrations. Twitter said the tweet was "being received by a number of [Trump's] supporters that the election was not legitimate."
Donald Trump Barred From Largest Social Media Sites After YouTube Ban
Massachusetts Mom Loses Job After Daughter Identifies Her at Capitol Riot
Twitter Reverses Decision to Block Boebert's Account Until Inauguration Day
Sacha Baron Cohen Welcomes Trump YouTube Ban, Urges Permanent Removal
Twitter wrote that Trump's final tweets were "likely to inspire others to replicate the violent acts" of the Capitol riots, and there were "multiple indicators that they are being received and understood as encouragement to do so."
Twitter co-founder and CEO Jack Dorsey said Wednesday that banning President Donald Trump's Twitter account was "the right decision." Prakash Singh/AFP/Getty
Updated 12:06 a.m. EST 01/14/2021: This story has been updated with a statement from a Twitter spokesperson.


This elegant 14k Gold Women's Diamond Engagement Ring is in a league all its own, featuring 1.35 carats of glittering white and yellow diamonds. Arranged in a traditional engagement ring pattern that brings out maximum luster, these princess and round cut diamonds lay invisibly and prong set into a 14k Gold frame. With such an amazing shine and elaborate design, this white and yellow diamond ring is sure to be a true symbol of faith and commitment for decades to come.
I just received this lovely ring from my beloved. The most exciting thing that l like in it, is that the part of the ring with yellow diamonds has such a special shape& Unique design!