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Politicization
With Colleges Shifting to Adjuncts, Teaching Quality May Suffer
Jun 22, 2018 Dan E. Way danway_carolina0 Comments
The number of part-time and nontenure faculty continues to rise on campus as university officials try to cut costs. So does their dissatisfaction over wages and benefits, which is stirring disruptive pushback.
Few question the credentials, knowledge, or teaching skills of adjunct and contingent faculty. But some are exploring whether their working conditions, lack of institutional support, and, primarily, meager compensation might take a toll on classroom quality, and weaken students' education.
That is no small worry considering a survey by the Coalition on the Academic Workforce found 75.5 percent of all college faculty are part-time contingent, adjuncts, graduate student teaching assistants, or full-time but off the tenure track. That translates to 1.3 million of about 1.8 million faculty members nationwide, and about 700,000 of those are adjuncts.
National Center for Education Statistics research shows part-time faculty had a huge growth spurt for years, but that has tapered off. In 1970 there were 369,000 full-time faculty, and 104,000 part-time. By 2015 there were 807,032 full-time faculty, and 743,983 part-time.
The NCES data show the number of all faculty in degree-granting, postsecondary institutions increased 51 percent from fall 1999 to fall 2016. Full-time faculty increased 38 percent during that period. Part-time faculty went up by 74 percent from 1999 to 2011 but decreased 4 percent between 2011 and 2016.
That same survey determined the median adjunct pay per three-credit course is $2,700. An annual report by the American Association of University Professors determined annual average salary for full professors in 2016–2017 was $102,402, the average salary for associate professors was $79,654, and the average salary for assistant professors was $69,206. The Center for Labor Research and Education at the University of California-Berkeley found that a quarter of part-time faculty and their families are enrolled in one or more public assistance programs.
The low compensation has become a prickly issue as the characteristics of part-time faculty have evolved. Traditionally, adjunct professors generally have had full-time jobs and benefits outside the university. Or they were retired faculty. They would have particular expertise in a subject, enjoy teaching one or two classes a year, but did not rely on their adjunct compensation to make a living. Compensation had always been a secondary consideration for them.
But now, ever more part-time, contingent, and adjunct faculty desire full-time tenure track positions. They tackle more classes—sometimes at multiple institutions—hoping to get a foot in the door amid shrinking opportunities—or simply to pay rent and put food on the table while working in their chosen fields. They are more likely to be disgruntled over work conditions, lack of office space, exclusion from curricular discussions, low pay, and few if any benefits.
And unions are using that frustration to organize adjunct unions on a growing number of campuses. The Service Employees International Union, which emphasizes the pay disparity between administrators and faculty, and what it believes is the unwelcome corporatization of higher education, has called for adjunct faculty to be paid $15,000 per course in pay and benefits.
Maria Maisto, president of New Faculty Majority, a national advocacy organization for adjuncts that supports but doesn't engage in union organizing efforts, said the South is behind other areas of the country in unionizing, even though its adjunct faculty generally have lower compensation. While North Carolina law prohibits public employee unions, SEIU organized the private Duke University adjunct faculty, which comprises 40 percent of classroom instructors.
Maisto contends that replacing tenured faculty in the classroom with adjunct and contingent faculty is not a positive trend. She thinks few people in higher education would disagree. "I think at best they would say it's become a necessary shift due to disinvestment in higher education by states and by communities, and what we have said is not enough attention has been paid to what the effect is on students, and on communities," said Maisto.
She is quick to defend adjunct and contingent faculty against what she believes are institutional obstacles. "You can't expect people to compensate for the deficiencies in the system. Constantly you get massive burnout in people," Maisto said. "Eventually it becomes very difficult to sustain the level of quality when you're constantly battling low pay, the lack of benefits."
She sees other negatives. The lack of job security can lead to self-censorship instead of academic freedom. And the stress trickles up to a diminishing number of full-time tenured faculty.
"It's become a really dysfunctional system, and in any dysfunctional system the students who are supposed to be at the center of all the work that is being done sort of get short-shrifted, and not enough attention is paid to that partly because faculty is trying to compensate for all of these structural deficiencies," Maisto said.
Those deficiencies have been magnified as universities focus more and more on research. "So I think there definitely has been an arms race that has favored research at the tenure level, which then also has affected the rise in contingent faculty," Maisto said. She sees that as a shift to a business model of administrators looking at faculty as a resource to manage as opposed to colleagues with whom to collaborate.
Maisto's grievances are not new. Milton Greenberg, the late professor emeritus of government at American University, where he served as provost and interim president, wrote from the other side of the conflict in 2004. "Continuing claims by the mainstream higher education community that 'education is not a business' and is not susceptible to market forces will increasingly be viewed as a Luddite fantasy," Greenberg wrote.
"In the tenure system, there is no compulsion on the part of the faculty to change," Greenberg wrote. "Although it is argued that tenure is essential for academic freedom, the result is job security, essentially free of supervision, for a select few in society. It is no accident that during the past decade, since the advent of the widespread use of technology for on-campus and distance education, more than half of the new faculty appointments have gone to part-time or other non-tenurable, fixed-contract slots and the number of full-time tenure-line positions has declined even more rapidly."
But this trend toward adjuncts to teach students may affect teaching quality. Dr. Amy Jessen-Marshall, a vice president in the Office of Integrative Liberal Learning and the Global Commons at the Association of American Colleges and Universities, is among those concerned about how the changing balance of tenure vs. nontenure faculty is degrading classroom instructional quality. "The fact that institutions indeed are moving more and more to reliance on adjunct and contingent faculty in many parts of the curriculum is certainly something to keep an eye on," Jessen-Marshall said.
In an effort to address concerns over teaching quality, the AAC&U is collaborating with The Delphi Project on the Changing Faculty and Student Success to persuade administrators to implement policies and procedures that support contingent and adjunct faculty. The desired changes include fair hiring practices, increased compensation, orientation for faculty coming into a curriculum, support and clear articulation of expectations, what to include on the syllabi, and what shared learning outcomes a good curriculum should have.
But this trend toward adjuncts to teach students may affect teaching quality.
Universities addressing those issues will be asked to submit their programs to The Delphi Project for an initial round of evaluation in June. Exemplary programs will get $15,000 rewards. Best practices will be distilled from the entries and provided nationally to other university deans, provosts, and department chairs to guide them in integrating contingent faculty into their curriculum.
Ensuring adjunct and contingent faculty have the proper pedagogies, and access to professional development is critical. Some institutions have excellent teaching centers but run the workshops at times inconvenient or impossible for part-time faculty to attend, said Dawn Whitehead, director of communications at AAC&U's Office of Integrative Liberal Learning and the Global Commons.
Whitehead said getting buy-in on program changes is not the only challenge with 1,300 member institutions. Tension between full-time tenured professors and adjunct and contingent faculty exists on some campuses, often related to governance matters.
That adds energy to union organizing efforts, and urgency to efforts by Maisto's New Faculty Majority to elevate the attention paid to unionizing efforts in both higher education and mainstream media.
"Unionization has certainly been one of the only strategies that has helped to address, to fix some of these inequalities," Maisto contends. Adjunct unions have been forming in California and the East Coast for years. "That's where you see some of the best contracts."
Gwendolyn Bradley, American Association of University Professors' senior program officer, said as colleges and universities pursue cheaper, easier hiring methods, adjuncts, and contingent faculty struggle to navigate a difficult workplace maze.
Academic freedom protections are lacking, professional development is missing or subpar, fringe benefits and decent pay don't exist, respect is absent, and adjuncts and contingent faculty have virtually no input into curricular decision making even though they teach the majority of classes. They teach large classes but generally have neither paid office hours nor an office to hold them.
Churn and chaos have resulted in the university teaching structure, Bradley said, harming both faculty and students. Even if "peak adjunct" has passed, the tensions in the shifting world of higher ed will remain.
Dan Way is an associate editor at the Carolina Journal.
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Author Dan E. Way
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Apostolic Nuncio's first visit to Diocese of Wewak
- Bp Jozef Roszynski
Wewak, East Sepik: The Apostolic Nuncio, His Excellency Kurian Mathew Vayalunkal made his first visit to the Diocese of Wewak on Sunday, 25th February 2018.
His Excellency arrived at an already packed Wirui Cathedral where he witnessed and celebrated the ordination of Dn. Micah Ramujuat who hails from Maprik. The Bishop of Wewak, reminded Dn Micah of his duty.
The large cathedral was filled with young people representing the three Deaneries of Wewak, Maprik and Sepik. The liturgy was well prepared and lively. The processional dancers were dressed up in their respective colours of red, yellow and green.
In his homily, the Apostolic Nuncio invited everybody to be with Jesus as three of his apostles did.
"We should be ready to climb the mountains of our daily sufferings along with Jesus. When we are with Him, we will feel the presence of God around us, when we walk with Him, we will see His glory with our own eyes. Only when we walk up the mountain with Jesus, He can transfigure and change our struggles into joy and eternal meaning," he told those gathered at the celebrations.
The Apostolic Nuncio was happy to launch the Pastoral Plan for the Year of Youth in the Diocese.
"The theme chosen is: 'Called to the Fullness of Life and Love' – 'Yupela Yut bilon nau, Yupela bilong Jisas Krais'. I am so glad and impressed by the enthusiasm of our Catholic youth group. You are our hope and you are our future", said the Archbishop.
He reminded the congregation of the upcoming 2018 Synod of Bishops on youth. "Pope Francis, wants to hear the voice of young people to bring about changes in the Church. The Pope is convinced that by listening to young people, the Church will once again hear the Lord speaking in today's world", he said.
Youth representatives from three deaneries brought their banners and pastoral plans to be blessed and the theme and the programme was officially launched by the Apostolic Nuncio.
Bishop Jozef Roszynski said there was a lot of joy during this liturgical celebration.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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"Thanks to your own courage," said Humphrey. "But we will hasten on, Nicholas, without delay, and at Watlington I will get old Parslow to speed us on our journey." "How so?" I asked in some surprise.
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At that instant one of the Prince's troopers, finding his way blocked by the fanatic, pushed roughly past.
His eyes were becoming heavy. He opened them with an effort By the easel a shaded lamp had been kindled; the faery-godmother bent above her work.
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"Good night, Jerry--good night, Vivian," and the two girls went up to their rooms; while Vivian played host to Jerry, and got rid of him as speedily as he could. He was in no mood for the young journalist's aimless chatter. On the bridge he set to work upon a water-color of the Rhone as it flowed past Villeneuve. She was going over his drawings. Suddenly she stopped. She had come across three of the same person. Just then the orange-bus lumbered by; again the girl laughed at him. In spite of his assertion that he was poor, Beltrami had a sufficient income to warrant him living in a moderately expensive manner, and on my arrival at his rooms in the Via Cartoni, I was shown into a very well-furnished apartment. As the Marchese was stationed with his regiment at Verona for some considerable time, he had evidently brought a portion of his furniture from his Florentine palazzo, for the room was too handsome to be that of the ordinary class of furnished apartments. As usual, the ceiling was charmingly painted; the floor was of marble, covered here and therewith square Turkish carpets; and in addition to a piano there were plenty of pictures and photographs, showing the artistic taste of the owner of the place. "Oh yes," assented Mrs. Snow. "I tried it myself. I expect the assassin killed poor Mr. Alpenny, and after robbing the safe, went out with his plunder, and locked the door after him. He had the keys." "Won't it! I'll never marry a man who won't help father, and he wants help. Oh! if you only knew our affairs," said Miss Lambert, picking a daisy and looking at it, and apparently addressing it, "the hair would stand up on the top of your head."


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How better behaviour is helping to build better businesses
When entire industries treat customers badly, their business is all but broken. That has created huge opportunities, says Simon Rogerson
Technology 5 April 2018
SIMON ROGERSON is musing on the forces that make good businesses behave badly. Take the financial services industry, for example. Between 2010 and 2014, UK banks paid out about the same amount of money in fines as they did in bonuses. It's a statistic that gets to Rogerson.
"How does an industry behave like that? When you've had to pay £38.5 billion in fines and compensation, how can you think it's right to pay yourself £32.6 billion in bonuses?" he asks. "It's no wonder this is the least trusted industry in the world."
For Rogerson, this kind of behaviour is an opportunity. He and his colleagues Chris Hulatt and Guy Myles were young graduates, working for one of the largest financial companies in the world, when they decided it was time for change. They had an idea: if they created a company that made it easy for people to understand what happened to their money, to feel connected to their investments and be confident in the results, customers would come.
And they were right. They launched Octopus in 2000, and it has since become a company with 700 employees overseeing £7.5 billion-worth of investment. It has also helped Rogerson and his colleagues hone a business model that has expanded into other industries, such as healthcare and energy, and is changing them from within.
There's a common thread here, says Rogerson. All these businesses involve things that matter most to people, namely money, health and the environment. Yet incumbents in these industries tend to be a source of confusion and stress. The aim of the Octopus Group of companies is to give control back to the customers.
"We've been creating quite a stir in the energy industry, by lifting the lid on what has been happening for decades"
Rogerson still remembers their first investor who posted them a £9000 cheque back in 2001. Excited, Rogerson called them. "I don't know what was going through my head but I said 'You are our first ever customer'," he recalls. "We spoke about the investment industry and what he believed was wrong with it. Things like 'I find them difficult to relate to', 'I can't understand the information they send me', 'this really matters to me because I feel responsible for my family.'" Now, 18 years later, this customer is still with Octopus, demonstrating the kind of loyalty that validates the company's mission.
Rogerson believes people increasingly want to use their money to help make the world a better place – by creating jobs in small start-ups and claiming the tax benefits that come with this, for instance, or helping to generate renewable energy. "With this information, people suddenly want to talk about what their money has done, it becomes interesting and engaging," says Rogerson. "And that builds a stronger relationship with the customer."
"We can out-behave everyone. That's the thing that sets Octopus apart"
Simon Rogerson, Octopus Group
Building these stronger relationships is a key part of all the group's businesses. In 2011, for example, Octopus built a solar farm, the first of 154, and began selling green energy straight to homes in 2015. The company is now the UK's largest investor in solar power and attracts growing numbers of people who want to help create a sustainable planet.
Octopus Energy also aims to make life easier for people by allowing them to change energy suppliers quickly. Using the company's app, customers can sign up in around 80 seconds. One person managed it in 42.
In the spirit of transparency, it's also easy for customers to move away again. At the bottom of each bill, Octopus Energy tells its customers how they can get a cheaper tariff elsewhere – if they want it.
Few do. On the contrary, the company attracted 180,000 customers in its first two years and its customer base is currently growing at a rate of around 10,000 a week.
That's partly because the energy industry has treated customers so badly in the past, says Rogerson. "The Big 6 [UK energy companies] lose money on you in the first 12 months deliberately and then on average put up their tariff by more than 30 per cent," he says. "But their websites emphasise 'customer service', 'responsibility' and, 'ethics'. Who are they kidding?"
Octopus Energy does things differently. It has successfully campaigned for a price cap to limit how much companies can charge for energy. "We've been creating quite a stir in the energy industry, by lifting the lid on what has been happening for decades," says Rogerson.
Another sector the group has focused on is healthcare and education, in part as a safe investment opportunity. The thinking is that demand for schools, hospitals, doctors' surgeries, care homes and so on is unlikely to drop in the near future. And that creates a financial environment that is "reassuringly boring".
But the desire to tackle things that matter to people is central to this business as well. "Schools for students with learning disabilities tend to be owned by charities that are passionate, but don't have the capital to expand," says Rogerson, by way of an example. So Octopus Healthcare builds new infrastructure and then runs it as a business, allowing the charity to focus on its core skill of care-giving.
"People suddenly want to talk about what their money has done"
Rogerson says that, above all, the standard of behaviour is paramount. Other companies fill their brochures with words like "out-perform" and "out-compete" as a way of luring customers who want a quick buck. Never mind those, he says. "We can out-behave everyone. That's the thing that sets Octopus apart."
2000: Three founders launch Octopus Investments
2004: Funds raised for Venture Capital Trust investments
2005: Range expands to include Enterprise Investment Schemes and inheritance-tax products
2007: Octopus Ventures launched
2008: Named by Sunday Times as one of the UK's 100 best SMEs to work for
2009: Reaches £1 billion assets under management
2011: Reaches £2 billion under management
2014: Healthcare specialist MedicX becomes Octopus Healthcare
2015: Octopus Group formed: Dragonfly Property Finance renamed Octopus Property, Octopus Labs and Octopus Energy launched
Find out more at: www.octopusgroup.com
This article appeared in print under the headline "Best behaviour"
The hidden powerhouses that drive the UK economy
The flexible future of green energy
Why better data laws will change the nature of business
Magazine issue 3172 , published 7 April 2018
Our obsession with a 'free' internet led to Facebook data row


text:
Q: How to build single (non ESM) bundle.js file in sveltekit SPA-Mode? I am currently building a WebApp (SPA) with svelte and would like to migrate to sveltekit because of the builtin router. The serverside functions of sveltekit are not needed as all content is dynamically loaded from a REST API and SEO is not really a concern.
With the adapter-static in SPA-Mode the app works as expected however the built app relies on ESM import syntax. Sadly one of the project requirements is that it has to support some browsers that do not support import syntax.
Is there a way to build sveltekit apps like svelte with rollup.js does it?
Meaning a single bundle.js file in iife format.

A: There isn't a solution currently. But there is an open issue for it here
https://github.com/sveltejs/kit/issues/12

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Pesticide bioremediation by Trametes versicolor: Application in a fixed-bed reactor, sorption contribution and bioregeneration
Eduardo Beltrán-Flores, Montserrat Sarrà, Paqui Blánquez*
Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering
BioremUAB: Biodegradació de contaminants industrials i valorització de residus
Although immobilization on lignocellulosic materials has recently become a promising strategy in the fungal-based technology for micropollutant bioremediation, research evidence in this area is still scarce and significant knowledge gaps need to be addressed. In this study, Trametes versicolor immobilized on Quercus ilex wood chips was initially proposed to remove two pesticides, diuron and bentazon, from real agricultural wastewater. Thus, a bioremediation treatment was performed in a fixed-bed bioreactor at two empty bed contact times (EBCT) of 1 and 3 days. Bentazon saturation was achieved after 5 EBCTs, while diuron sorption remained below 50% even after 40 days of treatment. The differences in diuron and bentazon removals were linked to their different hydrophobicity and thus, affinity for wood. However, in any case, the sorption contribution of wood was found to be predominant compared to fungal biodegradation. These results motivated a comprehensive study to evaluate the pollutant sorption capacity of wood. Afterwards, pesticide-contaminated wood was successfully bioregenerated by T. versicolor in a biopile-like system, reaching high fungal colonization (up to 0.2451 mg ergosterol·g−1 dry weight), degradation rate (up to 2.55 mg·g−1·d−1) and degradation yields (up to 92.50%). The combined treatment consisting of the fixed-bed bioreactor followed by the re-inoculated biopile showed the best performance in terms of fungal content and pesticide degradation. This is an important step toward the implementation of fungal-based technology for the removal of pesticides from agricultural water.
Science of the total environment
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148386
Fixed-bed reactor
Sorption
White-rot-fungi
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148386
Dive into the research topics of 'Pesticide bioremediation by Trametes versicolor: Application in a fixed-bed reactor, sorption contribution and bioregeneration'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Bioremediation Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Diuron Chemistry 87%
Pesticides Engineering & Materials Science 84%
Sorption Engineering & Materials Science 73%
bioremediation Earth & Environmental Sciences 59%
Pesticide Chemistry 57%
pesticide Earth & Environmental Sciences 53%
Beltrán-Flores, E., Sarrà, M., & Blánquez, P. (2021). Pesticide bioremediation by Trametes versicolor: Application in a fixed-bed reactor, sorption contribution and bioregeneration. Science of the total environment, 794, [148386]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148386
Beltrán-Flores, Eduardo ; Sarrà, Montserrat ; Blánquez, Paqui. / Pesticide bioremediation by Trametes versicolor : Application in a fixed-bed reactor, sorption contribution and bioregeneration. In: Science of the total environment. 2021 ; Vol. 794.
@article{0933729b789546edbf61ae79c352a2fb,
title = "Pesticide bioremediation by Trametes versicolor: Application in a fixed-bed reactor, sorption contribution and bioregeneration",
abstract = "Although immobilization on lignocellulosic materials has recently become a promising strategy in the fungal-based technology for micropollutant bioremediation, research evidence in this area is still scarce and significant knowledge gaps need to be addressed. In this study, Trametes versicolor immobilized on Quercus ilex wood chips was initially proposed to remove two pesticides, diuron and bentazon, from real agricultural wastewater. Thus, a bioremediation treatment was performed in a fixed-bed bioreactor at two empty bed contact times (EBCT) of 1 and 3 days. Bentazon saturation was achieved after 5 EBCTs, while diuron sorption remained below 50% even after 40 days of treatment. The differences in diuron and bentazon removals were linked to their different hydrophobicity and thus, affinity for wood. However, in any case, the sorption contribution of wood was found to be predominant compared to fungal biodegradation. These results motivated a comprehensive study to evaluate the pollutant sorption capacity of wood. Afterwards, pesticide-contaminated wood was successfully bioregenerated by T. versicolor in a biopile-like system, reaching high fungal colonization (up to 0.2451 mg ergosterol·g−1 dry weight), degradation rate (up to 2.55 mg·g−1·d−1) and degradation yields (up to 92.50%). The combined treatment consisting of the fixed-bed bioreactor followed by the re-inoculated biopile showed the best performance in terms of fungal content and pesticide degradation. This is an important step toward the implementation of fungal-based technology for the removal of pesticides from agricultural water.",
keywords = "Bioremediation, Fixed-bed reactor, Immobilization, Pesticides, Sorption, White-rot-fungi",
author = "Eduardo Beltr{\'a}n-Flores and Montserrat Sarr{\`a} and Paqui Bl{\'a}nquez",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V.",
doi = "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148386",
journal = "Science of the Total Environment",
Beltrán-Flores, E, Sarrà, M & Blánquez, P 2021, 'Pesticide bioremediation by Trametes versicolor: Application in a fixed-bed reactor, sorption contribution and bioregeneration', Science of the total environment, vol. 794, 148386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148386
Pesticide bioremediation by Trametes versicolor : Application in a fixed-bed reactor, sorption contribution and bioregeneration. / Beltrán-Flores, Eduardo; Sarrà, Montserrat; Blánquez, Paqui.
In: Science of the total environment, Vol. 794, 148386, 10.11.2021.
T1 - Pesticide bioremediation by Trametes versicolor
T2 - Application in a fixed-bed reactor, sorption contribution and bioregeneration
AU - Beltrán-Flores, Eduardo
AU - Sarrà, Montserrat
AU - Blánquez, Paqui
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
N2 - Although immobilization on lignocellulosic materials has recently become a promising strategy in the fungal-based technology for micropollutant bioremediation, research evidence in this area is still scarce and significant knowledge gaps need to be addressed. In this study, Trametes versicolor immobilized on Quercus ilex wood chips was initially proposed to remove two pesticides, diuron and bentazon, from real agricultural wastewater. Thus, a bioremediation treatment was performed in a fixed-bed bioreactor at two empty bed contact times (EBCT) of 1 and 3 days. Bentazon saturation was achieved after 5 EBCTs, while diuron sorption remained below 50% even after 40 days of treatment. The differences in diuron and bentazon removals were linked to their different hydrophobicity and thus, affinity for wood. However, in any case, the sorption contribution of wood was found to be predominant compared to fungal biodegradation. These results motivated a comprehensive study to evaluate the pollutant sorption capacity of wood. Afterwards, pesticide-contaminated wood was successfully bioregenerated by T. versicolor in a biopile-like system, reaching high fungal colonization (up to 0.2451 mg ergosterol·g−1 dry weight), degradation rate (up to 2.55 mg·g−1·d−1) and degradation yields (up to 92.50%). The combined treatment consisting of the fixed-bed bioreactor followed by the re-inoculated biopile showed the best performance in terms of fungal content and pesticide degradation. This is an important step toward the implementation of fungal-based technology for the removal of pesticides from agricultural water.
AB - Although immobilization on lignocellulosic materials has recently become a promising strategy in the fungal-based technology for micropollutant bioremediation, research evidence in this area is still scarce and significant knowledge gaps need to be addressed. In this study, Trametes versicolor immobilized on Quercus ilex wood chips was initially proposed to remove two pesticides, diuron and bentazon, from real agricultural wastewater. Thus, a bioremediation treatment was performed in a fixed-bed bioreactor at two empty bed contact times (EBCT) of 1 and 3 days. Bentazon saturation was achieved after 5 EBCTs, while diuron sorption remained below 50% even after 40 days of treatment. The differences in diuron and bentazon removals were linked to their different hydrophobicity and thus, affinity for wood. However, in any case, the sorption contribution of wood was found to be predominant compared to fungal biodegradation. These results motivated a comprehensive study to evaluate the pollutant sorption capacity of wood. Afterwards, pesticide-contaminated wood was successfully bioregenerated by T. versicolor in a biopile-like system, reaching high fungal colonization (up to 0.2451 mg ergosterol·g−1 dry weight), degradation rate (up to 2.55 mg·g−1·d−1) and degradation yields (up to 92.50%). The combined treatment consisting of the fixed-bed bioreactor followed by the re-inoculated biopile showed the best performance in terms of fungal content and pesticide degradation. This is an important step toward the implementation of fungal-based technology for the removal of pesticides from agricultural water.
KW - Bioremediation
KW - Fixed-bed reactor
KW - Immobilization
KW - Pesticides
KW - Sorption
KW - White-rot-fungi
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148386
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148386
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
Beltrán-Flores E, Sarrà M, Blánquez P. Pesticide bioremediation by Trametes versicolor: Application in a fixed-bed reactor, sorption contribution and bioregeneration. Science of the total environment. 2021 Nov 10;794. 148386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148386


text:
Q: Visual SVN Server post-commit-hook parameters are not commited With Visual SVN Server on Tab hooks list post-commit
I added a filename with full path in this window, but if I do a commit, parameters are not sent to my executable. What's wrong here?

A: Ok, I found it myself:
It's not enough to insert the path to executeable in this multiline box. This box edits the batch-file directly, which will be executed, so the params %1 , %2 must be added here.
Adding %* helped. In case spaces are used in path, this is fine for me:
"c:\...mypath...\myFile.bat" "%1" %2


text:
Imprint: Vintage
The Bughouse
The poetry, politics and madness of Ezra Pound
Daniel Swift
A groundbreaking new biography of Ezra Pound, one of the most controversial poets of the twentieth century, told through the stories of his illustrious visitors at St Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, DC
'An extraordinary book of real passionate research' Edmund de Waal
In 1945, Ezra Pound was due to stand trial for treason for his broadcasts in Fascist Italy during the Second World War. But before the trial could take place Pound was pronounced insane. Escaping a potential death sentence he was shipped off to St Elizabeths Hospital near Washington, DC, where he was held for over a decade.
At the hospital, Pound was at his most contradictory and most controversial: a genius writer – 'The most important living poet in the English language' according to T. S. Eliot – but also a traitor and now, seemingly, a madman. But he remained a magnetic figure. Eliot, Elizabeth Bishop, Robert Lowell and John Berryman all went to visit him at what was perhaps the world's most unorthodox literary salon: convened by a fascist and held in a lunatic asylum.
Told through the eyes of his illustrious visitors, The Bughouse captures the essence of Pound – the artistic flair, the profound human flaws – whilst telling the grand story of politics and art in the twentieth century.
Daniel Swift teaches at the New College of the Humanities. His first book, Bomber County, was longlisted for the Samuel Johnson Prize and the Guardian First Book award, and his essays and reviews have appeared in the New York Times, the New Statesman, and Harper's.
Also by Daniel Swift
Praise for The Bughouse
It is Swift's considerable achievement sympathetically to examine an extraordinary, often troubling, tale...an enthralling narrative
Robert McCrum, Observer
An extraordinary book of real passionate research which keeps surprising and illuminating by turns.
Lively and searching… He has an engaging authorial presence and his own hesitations and uncertainties about Ezra Pound, both as poet and personality, lend a certain tension and a pleasing piquancy to his narrative
Eric Ormsby, Times Literary Supplement
Swift is a sensitive and thoughtful reader of both poetry and human psychology... The Bughouse is also a kind of immersive adventure journalism, in which he retraces Pound's steps and tries to unearth new details about his life
Adam Kirsch, New Statesman
To understand an artist as compromised by circumstances – and by his own many contradictions – as Ezra Pound, we have to trace a complex path through a maze of half-truths, myth, and simplification. The Bughouse does so with supreme care, critical acumen, and humanity, shedding a whole new light not only on Pound the man, but also on the shape and character of The Cantos, one of the most seriously flawed and truly brilliant artworks of the twentieth century
A wonderful portrait of Ezra Pound in all his moods - mad, bad and blindingly sane.
A. Alvarez
Swift does a fine job of allowing Pound's many contradictions to stay in place and reminds us, too, that 45 years after his death there are plenty of contradictions left in the people who admire him
James Walton, Daily Mail
It is a tribute to the brightness of The Bughouse that Swift has revived my interest in the old monster
Roger Lewis, The Times
Swift's strength is his refusal to separate Pound's writings from the issues of Fascism and insanity... Sharp-eyed and pacey...it highlights memorably the tangled relations between lunatic, lover and poet
Robert Crawford, Literary Review
[A] remarkable study of [Ezra Pound's] fertile afterlife
Suzi Feay, Financial Times
At the heart of this books lies a fascinating debate about poets and society
Craig Brown, Mail on Sunday
A powerful and very talented writer…dashing and arresting…the greatness in his subject shines through every dark corner
Peter Craven, Sydney Review of Books
Swift admits that he cannot pin his elusive subject down, but there is no need. By following his instinct he has allowed the poet, with his 'shifting self-narration', to lead the way in this marvellous evocation.
Philippa Williams, The Lady
American poet Ezra Pound… proves an elusive but fascinating subject in this non-linear, impressionistic biography
Juanita Coulson, Lady
Homer Homer, Homer
Elie Wiesel, Marion Wiesel
Homer Homer, Homer, Geraldine McCaughrean
Hitler and Stalin
There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness
Carlo Rovelli
Upheaval
Mao's Last Dancer
Li Cunxin
Metamorphosis: Popular Penguins


Moving in general is no easy task. It always costs some money. People who are trying to relocate will have to emotionally prepare for the journey in more ways than one. These days, it is very common to move for the sake of a job or a partner. While people might technically be willing to do something like this, they still might not want to do so. Hiring an effective Virginia Beach Movers moving company can make the transition significantly easier for everyone involved.
Some people are nervous about hiring a Virginia Beach moving company in the first place. They might be worried about something of theirs getting lost or broken. However, it should be noted that the best moving companies in Virginia Beach are terrified of having their reputations get damaged by something like this, and they tend to guard the possessions of others as if they were their own. To a certain extent, this is the case.
Moving companies in Virginia Beach will fall if people leave negative reviews about them online, and most people will do so if they have particularly negative experiences with them. As long as people are careful to hire the right moving companies in Virginia Beach at the right time, they should get a completely trustworthy set of experts who will help make a particular move less stressful for them.
Usually, it's a good idea to hire local movers in Virginia Beach specifically. Moving companies will vary in terms of their range. They are not always willing to drive out to a relatively distant location in order to find specific new clients. However, most people should have a lot of options when it comes to local movers in Virginia Beach. People who are struggling when it comes to getting ready for a particularly stressful move should consider all of the benefits associated with working with particularly experienced local movers.
Moves are tough at the best of times. They are going to be particularly tough during the winter months in temperate climates. In general, moving in the winter will be difficult even for the people who live in areas that do not tend to get a lot of snow. After all, they will still have to deal with cold temperatures. Even if there is not a lot of snow, there will be ice if the temperature levels are low enough and it rains.
Winter moves will be difficult every step of the way. People will dread the moment that they have to walk from the moving van to the house in order to relocate more boxes. They will dread having to make that exact same trip in the opposite direction at their new home. Unless they are moving to a much warmer area, the move itself will be unpleasant when they are loading the packages into the truck and when they are loading them into the new house.
The drive itself will often be unpleasant during the winter. People will be in a situation where they will have to drive in potentially very bad weather, which is standard for the winter months. In many cases, people will have to deal with strange automotive issues, which are very common as the weather starts to get colder. Even if the weather is relatively decent on the moving day in question, a lot of people will still be afraid that they will suddenly end up in a snowstorm during the drive. Winter weather can turn sour very quickly, and it's important to constantly anticipate almost everything that can go wrong all the time.
Hiring local movers in Virginia Beach really can make all the difference for the people who are in this situation. After all, these are individuals who are used to all of the challenges of the road. They have a lot of experience with winter weather, and they have certainly operated under very challenging conditions in the past. They know many of the different strategies that will help to make a particular winter move better.
Winter moves will be difficult one way or another, and moves themselves will be very tough in a broader sense. However, it is still possible to make the entire experience better. The best local movers will help their clients get to that point in any season and at any time.
Southside Moving and Storage is a full service local and long distance moving company. We specialize in residential moving and commercial moves. Our movers are professionally trained and background checked. Call one of our professional relocation specialists for a no obligation free moving estimate 757-234-7080.
We provide professional moving services throughout Hampton Roads Virginia, including Virginia Beach, Norfolk Virginia, Chesapeake Virginia, Suffolk, Portsmouth Va., Newport News, Hampton Va., Williamsburg Virginia, Isle of Wight, and Smithfield.


FREE EAR PIERCING with the purchase of an ear piercing starter kit.
Browse supplies for baking cakes, cupcakes, cookies, brownies, tarts and more.Online list of Icing stores in Ontario - get information about largest Icing stores in Ontario near you, opening hours, address and phone and contact information.
This allows us to keep product from being in transit over a weekend, avoiding potential damage.Soft, creamy icings are used to top or fill sponge cakes while stiffer icings can be rolled and.The information below is much of what I cover when I host my Sugar Cookie Decorating Workshops.
Find great deals on eBay for Icing Tips in Cake Decorating Supplies.
Their goal is to make sure you have an enjoyable experience as you find the perfect accessory to complement your bridal ensemble or a favorite outfit.I ordered a book bag for my daughter who is a tween with two headbands had a problem during the order process they were nice enough to give me a discount but my order has taken more than 15 days and still has not reached the store three phone calls later and still the.
ICING has 313 mall stores across the United States, with 1 locations in Mississippi.
We also reserve the right to correct misprints. Home. About. Events. Specials. Contact. Online Store.Icing is an international fashion retail chain serving for women.
Icing is a sugar-rich coating usually used to glaze or decorate cakes, buns, biscuits and pastries.
If your order is placed before the 11 a.m. PST cutoff time, then it will ship that day and arrive 2 business days later.The company provides them with various kinds of accessories, jewelry and cosmetics.Once the butter and sugar are combined, add 2 tablespoons of whipping cream or heavy cream, and 1 teaspoon of vanilla or.
If you are in a location that will take more than 1-2 days to arrive from Omaha, depending on what day of the week you submit your order, it may not be shipped until the following Monday.SPECIAL NOTE: All prices and product availability are subject to change without notice.Royal icing is, hands down, my preferred cookie decorating medium. Featuring baking tools, ingredients, bakeware and other great baking supplies.
Shopper Information, locations, contacts and news on sale and offers if any at ICING in UAE. Save money for your business by using your tax exempt or reseller ID.
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We are proud to provide the Yakima Valley with unsurpassed professional hearing healthcare. At Thompson Audiology, we care about your hearing and your quality of life. Our computerized state of the art testing equipment and caring staff make it possible for us to offer the best in audiological services and hearing aid technology in our region. To learn more about our services and locations, give us a call today at 509-248-0933.
Thompson Audiology was established by James Thompson, M.S., Certified Clinical Audiologist, in 1983. Rodney Thompson, Au.D. and David Oplinger, Au.D. became owners in 2008. Today our staff includes three certified audiologists and three hearing aid dispensers. As the premier audiology facility in Yakima, our hearing aid technology is 100% digital, and our equipment is state of the art. We welcome your business, offering same day appointments and personalized care.
At Thompson Audiology, we treat each and every one of our patients as if they were our family. Because of that, our return business is high, and we aim to keep it that way! Come in today and let our team answer any questions you have. We'll be honest with you and explain exactly what you need and why. Taking time to make sure the processes are done correctly is crucial in hearing healthcare.
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text:
Laurie Larson Caesar, Bishop-Elect of the Oregon Synod
We are honored that our pastor of twenty-three years, Laurie Larson Caesar, was elected in May 2019 to be bishop of the Oregon Synod of the ELCA.
Spirit of Grace continues to be a vibrant place of worship, education, and social justice, and we are fortunate to be served by a wonderful interim pastor and visiting Catholic priests.
KATHLEEN TRUMAN, CATHOLIC LAY LEADER
Kathleen Truman comes to Spirit of Grace with many years of experience working in the Archdiocese of Portland in the Catholic Family Life Office, the Marriage Tribunal, and the RENEW Office at the Archdiocesan level, and in parish ministry at Our Lady of Sorrows Church, St. Charles Church, and Christ the King.
Kathleen has also worked in Catholic publishing for Resource Publications in San Jose, California, and Liturgy Training Publications in Chicago, Illinois. "I have a love for liturgy as the work of the people, and the Eucharist as the grounding for the transformative work of believers to be change agents in the world. I am attracted to the welcoming and inclusive spirit of Spirit of Grace, as well as the inspiring and challenging focus on social justice."
Kathy is currently on medical leave.
Father Neil Moore is partially retired but continues to serve as our Priest/Moderator. He preaches about once a month and is an integral part of our community.
We are blessed with several priest friends who join us on a rotating basis and preside for the sacrament of Eucharist.
Regular Visiting Priests:
Msgr. Chuck Lienert
Father Leo Remington
Father Jack Mosbrucker


We are pleased to announce that Aimee Martin from our Nottingham office has this week been appointed onto the Board of Trustees as a Director for the Citizen's Advice Bureau in Loughborough.
Aimee has volunteered there for the last year and as a result of this, they approached her to take on the role. Aimee will also be part of the panel of decision makers for their Finance and Human Resources committees.


text:
Q: Using "seed" based math to recreate application instances Okay so I was thinking today about Minecraft a game which so many of you are so familiar with, I'm sure and while my question isn't directly related to the game I find it much simply to describe my question using the game as an example.
My question is, is there any way a type of "seed" or string of characters can be used to recreate an instance of a program (not in the literal programming sense) by storing a code which when re-entered into this program as a string at run-time, could recreate the data it once held again, in fields, text boxes, canvases, for example, exactly as it was.
As I understand it, Minecraft takes the string of ASCII characters you enter, all which truly are numbers, and performs a series of operations on it which evaluate to some type of hash or number which is finite... this number (again as I understand) is the representation of that string you entered. So it makes sense that because a string when parsed by this algorithm will always evaluate to the same hash. 1 + 1 will always = 2 so a seeds value must always equal that seeds value in the end. And in doing so you have the ability to replicate exactly, worlds, by entering this sort of key which is evaluated the same on every machine.
Now, if we can exactly replicate worlds like this this is it possible to bring it into a more abstract concept like the following?...
Say you have an application, like Microsoft Word. Word saved the data you have entered as a file on your hard drive it holds formatting data, the strings you've entered, the format of the file... all that on a physical file... Now imagine if when you entered your essay into Word instead of saving it and bringing your laptop to school you instead click on parse and instead of creating a file, you are given a hash code... Now you goto school you know you have to print it. so you log onto the computer and open Word... Now instead of open there is an option now called evaluate you click it and enter the hash your other computer formulated and it creates the exact essay you have written.
Is this possible, and if so are there obvious implementations of this i simply am not thinking of or are just so seemingly part of everyday I don't think recognize it? And finally... if possible, what methods and algorithms would go into such a thing?
[EDIT]
I had to do some research on the anatomy of a seed and I think this explains it well

The limit is 32 characters or for a
  numeric seed, 19 digits plus the minus sign.
Numeric seeds can range from -9223372036854775808 to
  9223372036854775807 which is a total of 18446744073709551616  Text
  strings entered will be "hashed" to one of the numeric seeds in the
  above range. The "Seed for the World Generator" window only allows 32
  characters to be entered and will not show or use any more than that."

BUT looking back on it lossless compression IS EXACTLY what I was
describing after re-reading the wiki page and remembering that (you
are very correct) the seed only partakes in the generation, the final
data is stores as a "physical" file on the HDD (which again, you are correct) is raw uncompressed data in a file
So in retrospect, I believe I was describing lossless compression, trying in my mind to figure out how the seed was able to replicate the exact same world, forgetting the seed was only responsible for generating the code, not the saving or compression of it.
So thank you for your help guys! It's really appreciated I believe we can call this one solved!

A: There are several possibilities to achieve this "string" that recovers your data. However they're not all applicable depending on the context.

*

*An actual seed, which initializes for example a peudo-random number generator, then allows to recreate the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers (see this question).
This is possibly similar to what Minecraft relies on, because the whole process of how to create a world based on some choices (possibly pseudo-random choices) is known in advance. Even if we pretend that we have random numbers, computers are actually deterministic, which makes this possible.
If your document were generated randomly then this would be applicable: with the same seed, the same gibberish comes out.

*Some key-value dictionary, or hash map. Then the values have to be accessible by both sides and the string is the key that allows to retrieve the value.
Think for example of storing your word file on an online server, then your key is the URL linking to your file.

*Compressing all the information that is in your data into the string. This is much harder, and there are strong limits due to the entropy of the data. See Shannon's source coding theorem for example.
You would be better off (as in, it would be easier) to just compress your file with a usual algorithm (zip or 7z or something else), rather than reimplementing it yourself, especially as soon as your document starts having fancy things (different styles, tables, pictures, unusual characters...)
With the simple hypothesis of 27 possible characters (26 letters and the space), Shannon himself shows in Prediction and Entropy of Printed English (Bell System Technical Journal, 30: 1. January 1951 pp 50-64, online version) that there is about 2.14 bits of entropy per letter in English. That's about 550 characters encoded with your 32 character string.
While this is significantly better than the 8 bits we use for each ASCII character, it also shows it is very likely to be impossible to encode a document in English in less than a fourth of its size. Then you'd still have to add punctuation, and all the rest of the fuss.


text:
Conophytum schlechteri är en isörtsväxtart som beskrevs av Schwant.. Conophytum schlechteri ingår i släktet Conophytum, och familjen isörtsväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Isörtsväxter
schlechteri

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Oceanic 31 is a brand new shark and ray art project from The Shark Trust. We are bringing together artists from a variety of backgrounds who are passionate about wildlife, conservation, and using art as a tool for positive change. The artists have kindly agreed to donate the pieces to our cause. Each artist has focused on one species of Oceanic Shark or Ray.
Earlier this year I was contacted by The Shark Trust about an ambitious new art project they were planning to launch at the 'For the Love of Sharks' event. It didn't take much convincing for me to be involved, sharks, art, conservation - what is not too love?
The artists were given the list of 31 Oceanic shark and ray species to choose from, of course, for me it had to be the basking shark. Whilst I could have chosen any of the incredible sharks off the list, I have a special connection to the basking shark after working with them for the past three years. Having the opportunity to be close to this species I have had the chance to study their intricate details, their movement and behaviour, making this shark an obvious choice for me. Donating an art work of this species, to work towards its conservation is a privilege.
© Rachel swimming alongside a basking shark, by Shane Wasik 2020
The original art work is an A1 archival ink work, created with a mix of pointillism techniques and line work, finished with a subtle wash of watercolour. It was first exhibited at the Royal Geographic Society in London with 16 other original art works all featuring different species of Oceanic shark and ray. The diversity of styles and pieces was incredible, from bronze sculptures to digital art and textile work it was an amazing celebration of both art and sharks. Getting the opportunity to meet some of my fellow artists was also a real highlight!
If you missed the exhibition don't worry as you will get another chance to see the original work and the addition of 14 new original pieces as the Shark Trust plans to tour this exhibition in 2023.
The full 31-piece exhibition will go on tour around the UK between Summer 2023 and Autumn 2024. Finally, the pieces will be raffled and auctioned off, with funds going towards the Big Shark Pledge. Limited edition prints will also be made available for some of the pieces. And we will be publishing a book for the project - Oceanic 31 - which will explore the pieces, the species and the artists behind the project.
Stay tuned for more updates on the exhibition, book release and limited edition print drop.


text:
Newswatch | Top News
State officials announce 'Malama Hawai'i' PSA campaign
By Nina Wu nwu@staradvertiser.com
Video courtesy Hawaii DLNR
Hawaii DLNR launched its "Malama Hawai'i" campaign today to encourage visitors to care for the state's natural resources.
COURTESY HAWAII DLNR
Hawaii DLNR's "Malama Hawai'i" campaign will be deployed through seven public service announcements at 27,000 hotel rooms and incoming Hawaiian Airlines flights.
State officials announced today the launch of its "Malama Hawai'i" campaign in partnership with the Hawaii Tourism Authority, encouraging visitors to care for the state's natural resources.
The campaign — designed to educate visitors and kamaaina about being respectful of the islands' natural resources — will be deployed through seven public service announcements at 27,000 hotel rooms and incoming Hawaiian Airlines flights.
State Department of Land and Natural Resources chair Suzanne Case recalls using state funding two years ago to commission the design and placement of 30 large "Malama Hawai'i" outdoor conservation signs at state parks and trail heads around Oahu.
"Now, we're taking the very same messages on these beautiful signs and expanding them across a wide variety of communications platforms," she said in a news release.
At a press conference Tuesday afternoon, she said everybody is "keenly aware" of the important connection between tourism in Hawaii and our natural environment.
To kick off the campaign, DLNR is featuring the PSAs on its Facebook page for the next seven weeks. The seven, 30-second PSAs will also be aired onboard Hawaiian Airlines' Airbus A330 aircraft on flights between Hawaii and North America and its international destinations.
The PSAs inform the public that "Malama Hawai'i" means "caring for our islands." They also inform the public about native species, remind visitors to stay on authorized trails, respect the host culture, and not to disturb Native Hawaiian culture sites or remove rocks, and encourage practicing good conservation for future generations.
Another PSA reminds families to fact check information before visiting a site due to an abundance of inaccurate and misleading information posted on social media. Other PSAs inform the public about not walking on coral reef structures and to respect wildlife from a distance.
"All of us have a responsibility to take care of our island home and ensure its sustainable future," said HTA director of Hawaiian cultural affairs Kalani Ka'ana'ana in a news release. "Through this collaboration with DLNR and industry partners amplifying the message, the Malama Hawai'i campaign encourages travelers to be safe, mindful and respectful while enjoying the islands' natural beauty."
Hawaiian Airlines was the first carrier to agree to include the PSAs as part of its digital entertainment on flights from the U.S. mainland, according to DLNR. AirAsia X is beginning to play audio versions of the announcements, and discussions are also underway with other domestic and international carriers to show the PSAs.
"We are most appreciative of the support we're getting from the visitor industry, which recognizes the strong linkage between the health of our natural and cultural resources and the health of Hawai'i's biggest and most important economic sector," said Case in the news release. "Clearly you cannot have one without the other."
'Jeopardy!' phenom James Holzhauer rides big bets past the $1 million mark
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City Corporation Counsel Donna Leong's job remains in limbo
Law enforcement hopes capture of crime ring players will help bring crime under control
Ferd Lewis: Potential Hawaii football coach must pick between the place or the pay
More Newswatch
Over 100 rally at state Capitol to support fight against human trafficking
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Man, lying on road, apparently drunk when hit by truck near Ala Moana


text:
Putin to gay visitors: 'Leave the children in peace'
Russian president wants to reassure tourists
Leader continues to defend propaganda law
Putin links homosexuality and pedophilia
SOCHI, Russia (AP) — Russian President Vladimir Putin sought Friday to reassure gay visitors to the Sochi Games that they are welcome in Russia, but added that they must "leave the children in peace."
Responding to a question from an Olympics volunteer during a visit in the Black Sea resort city, Putin vowed that gays face no discrimination in Russia and could feel "at ease." But he emphasized that because of a Russian law banning gay "propaganda" among minors, they cannot express their views on gay rights issues to anyone under age.
Putin appeared to lump homosexuality and pedophilia together. "We have no ban on nontraditional sexual relations. We have a ban on propaganda of homosexuality and pedophilia, I want to underline that, on propaganda among minors," he said.
Putin and other politicians have defended the June propaganda law as a protection of child rights, but critics believe that the law discriminates against sexual minorities. The law specifically refers only to "propaganda of nontraditional sexual relations."
Putin insisted the measure isn't discriminatory.
"We aren't banning anything, we aren't rounding up anyone, we have no criminal punishment for such relations unlike many other countries," he said. "One can feel relaxed and at ease, but please leave the children in peace."
In the wake of the international outcry against the bill, Russian authorities have put limits on the right to protest during the Sochi games, which run Feb. 7-23.
A presidential decree initially banned all rallies in Sochi from Jan. 7 to March 21, but Putin later rescinded the ban to allow demonstrations at venues determined by the Interior Ministry.


What's Your Risk for Kidney Failure?
Home » Vital Organs » What's Your Risk for Kidney Failure?
What's Your Risk for Kidney Failure?
File this under the tag: "understanding your body." As we age, a whole spectrum of things can happen to our bodies, health-wise. Here, why don't we train our attention on the kidneys, the organ that helps keep the body clean? A brand-new piece of health news suggests what risk we face for kidney failure later in life.
Kidney failure takes a significant toll on both individuals and the public as a whole, causing poor health in patients and generating considerable health-care costs. In spite of the impact of kidney failure, we haven't had an accurate estimate of how likely it is for a person to develop it over the course of his or her life.
— About one in 40 men, and one in 60 women of middle age will develop kidney failure if they live into their 90s.
— This equals a 2.66% risk of kidney failure for men and a 1.76% risk for women.
— That risk rises considerably for those with reduced kidney function. For men, it is 7.51% and, for women, 3.21%.
— For people with relatively preserved kidney function, the rate is one percent and 0.63%, respectively.
— The lifetime risk of kidney failure is consistently higher for men at all ages and kidney function levels, compared with women.
— Drink alcohol only in moderation.
— Closely follow the instructions on over-the-counter medications. For real. Even popping too many painkillers can hurt your kidneys.
— Keep a healthy weight and follow an exercise regimen that ensures it.
— If you smoke, hone your strategies for quitting.


As the king consolidated power, the ruling class adapted to maintain its influence.
By: Rasmus Skovgaard Jakobsen, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Denmark.
In 1517 CE, the Wittenberger monk Martin Luther published his 95 theses against the Roman Church and not long thereafter Europe was in religious turmoil.
Scandinavia, and especially Denmark, became one of the most reformation influenced regions in Europe. And this was most keenly felt in changes to the way in which the government was run.
Before the Reformation, the king, church, and the aristocracy, were equals in the Council of the State, the government of the time, and almost equals in all economic and political matters.
This all ended in 1536 when Christian III brought the Reformation to Denmark.
Shortly after, the crown seized the church's lands, and in 1537 Christian III was made the head of the – now Lutheran – church, which meant that the royal power now dominated the aristocracy both politically, militarily, and economically.
At the same time, a military revolution was under way in Europe, which rapidly outdated the aristocratic war technology. This posed a serious problem for the aristocracy since it drew its legitimacy and power from its social position as a military group.
The Danish aristocracy had to rethink how to legitimise itself to avoid losing influence and power – something that the Count's Feud (1534-1536), a peasant rebellion and civil war that ultimately led to the Reformation of Denmark, had shown to be a possibility that had to be taken seriously.
The aristocracy enjoyed great wealth in the years before the Reformation, with a monopoly over important positions and other privileges.
Around the 1500's a population growth spurt led to economic boom. But the availability of more people to work the land meant that the landowners could pressure new farmers into contracts that were more advantageous to the ruling class.
Some aspects of the contract could not be tampered with, such as the annual land tax. This was the payment that farmers should make each year to the landowner for use of the buildings and the land.
But other charges, such as the initial payment for renting a plot of land, were more or less decided by the land owner. This allowed the aristocracy to collect additional fees equal to half of the land tax – but placed a tremendous burden on the farmers.
In this environment, the upper nobility in particular started to push the boundaries, both in relation to the farmers on their land and the royal power. In the middle of the 16th century, the nobility introduced a number of privileges for themselves, including monopoly on positions of power – as well as tax exemptions.
The peasantry no doubt saw this as a power grab, attacking the rights they had fought for during the 1400s. And some reacted. In North Jutland in 1531, the nobleman and state council member Mogens Munk was forced to flee Viborg Landsting – one of the three main assemblies in Denmark at that time – with a group of angry peasants close at his heels.
A few years later, the Danish merchant and privateer Skipper Clement, led the peasant rebellion in North Jutland during the Count's Feud, plundering and burning manor houses as they went. Even more aristocrats fled for their lives.
Skipper Clement lost the war and his head in 1536, but his actions had prompted the nobility to come up with another way of legitimising their power, and not just as a military power.
Luther had provided the king with religious and political legitimacy when he published his Doctrine of the Three Estates, which divided society into church, family, and state.
To legitimise their power and avoid a repeat of the Count's Feud, the nobility positioned itself as a part of the third estate, the government.
They set out to fulfil the Lutheran ideals of authority as the righteous fathers and mothers of the people. They should be merciful and always set a good example, well-trained in the new faith, and able to fulfil official positions in the emerging, centralised government.
This Lutheran picture of authority combined with military revolution, the process of forming the modern Danish state, and consolidation of the new religion in society, created an increased need for highly educated officials. In doing so, the nobility transformed themselves from warriors to a bureaucratic machinery.
What followed was an explosion in education. From 1536, young aristocrats suddenly travelled in large numbers to educate themselves. Initially in theology, but later in the ways of governance via meetings with Martin Luther, Philip Melanchthon, and others.
The reformation officially came to Denmark in 1536. Measures implemented by Christian III from this date changed the political and religious landscape and heralded the adoption of Lutheranism in Denmark and Norway, which were one kingdom at this time.
But society did not change overnight, and in reality it took several generations before the new religion slowly trickled down into to all walks of life. Nordic historians often refer to this as The Long Reformation.
The 16th and 17th centuries were a dynamic period, where the powerful elite negotiated precisely how the Reformation would shape the country, the role of the monarch and the nobility, and the nature of relations with other states.
The aristocracy played a central role as members of the government, judiciary, and owners of the church and goods. They shaped the law and confronted the practical challenges posed by the Reformation at a local level. To do so, they clearly needed to increase their theological competences in order to differentiate between all the religious sects of the day: Catholics, Calvinists, Philippists, Conservative Lutherans, and so on.
The Reformation gave the aristocracy monopoly over all higher offices, and the aristocracy thus played a central role in consolidating and supporting Lutheranism. Simultaneously, they needed to legitimise their right to positions of power in society, which they had inherited during the 16th century.
Luther had imagined that a nation's citizens were a part of a family: in this view, the authorities were the "parents" of the people and responsible for them. Just as parents supported and helped their children, so the aristocracy, as representatives of the state, should take care of the people's welfare, especially the poor, the church, and the education system.
Support for these welfare institutions can be seen as a form of self-marketing on behalf of the nobility, securing their position as the rulers of society.
Their support of welfare institutions was praised in long speeches over the deceased and printed in book form. They emphasised their Lutheran credentials, legitimising their position and power.
They made charitable donations to the church and in doing so, orchestrated themselves as the "parents" of society.
The Reformation changed the ideals and responsibilities of the aristocracy. They became a fully integrated part of the state. The Reformation did not just transform religion, but society and identity itself.