, general term for one of a population of persons inhabiting SE Asia and the adjacent islands. The Malays vary greatly in physical appearance.
a peninsula in Southeast Asia, the southern part of the Indochinese peninsula. Bounded on the west by the Andaman Sea and the Malacca Strait and on the east by the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. Length, approximately 1,300 km (from north to south); area, about 190,000 sq km. The Isthmus of Kra is its northern border. At times the peninsula is considered to extend north of Kra, up to the northern tip of the Gulf of Thailand. Within these boundaries the peninsula is 1,450 km long. Parts of Thailand and Malaysia are located on the Malay Peninsula; Burma meets it at the Isthmus of Kra.
The axial zone of the Malay Peninsula is formed by low and medium-height mountains. The maximum elevation is 2,190 m (Mt. Tahan). Mountains are divided into separate massifs with gently sloping dome-shaped summits and steep slopes. In the periphery areas there are hilly plains and lowlands; the lowlands are frequently swampy. The Malay Peninsula is part of the Burma-Malay zone of folded structures of Indochina. It is composed of geosynclinal strata that have been crumpled into folds of a submeridional direction: terrigenous from the Cambrian and late Precambrian, carbonate-terrigenous from the Ordovician and Silurian (Setul series), terrigenous from the Silurian-Carbon (Kanchanaburi series), and terrigenous-carbonate with vulcanites from the Middle Carbon-Permian (Raub series). Orogenic formations are represented by Triassic terrigenous deposits (Lipis series) with levels of acidic vulcanites and detrital rock of the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous. Various depressions are filled with Cenozoic sediments. Mesozoic granite, with which numerous deposits of tin and tungsten are linked (the richest minerals of the Malay area), is widespread. Other known deposits include gold, copper, iron, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, and coal.
The climate is equatorial in the south and subequatorial, characterized by monsoons, in the north. Annual precipitation totals 1,000-2,000 mm over the plains and 4,000 mm in the mountains. The air temperature in plains areas remains at 25°C to 27°C throughout the year. About three-fourths of the Malay Peninsula is covered with thick tropical evergreen rain forests, in which there are figs, Dipterocarpaceae, Indian banyan, camphor trees, giant bamboos, and epiphytes. Along the coastal lowlands there are mangrove forests. The forests are inhabited by gibbons, lemurs, Malay tapirs, flying lemurs, Chiroptera (short-nosed bats, large flying foxes), rhinoceroses, and elephants.
Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh (Malaysia) are the largest cities.
Postel'nikov, E. S., L. K. Zatonskii, and R. A. Afremova. Tektonicheskoe razvitie i struktura Indokitaia. Moscow, 1964.
Geologiia Iugo-Vostochnoi Azii: Indokitai. Leningrad, 1969.
the language of the Malays and several other peoples, including the inhabitants of the Jakarta region on Java and some Amboinese and Minahasa. It is the official language of Malaysia. Malay is spoken in Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia, chiefly on Sumatra and the Riau (Riouw) and Lingga archipelagoes, by more than 12.5 million people (1970, estimate). Malay belongs to the Indonesian group of Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian languages) and is divided into numerous dialects.
Old Malay, dating from the seventh to the tenth century A.D., is represented by epigraphs, primarily from southern Sumatra. Widely used in southern Sumatra as the language of trade, Malay became the language of culture and Islam in many parts of the Malay Archipelago beginning in the 15th century. Between the 15th and 19th centuries, an extensive literature was created in Malay (written in the Arabic script); the language of this literature is known as classical Malay. A Malay pidgin (bazaar Malay, low Malay) and creolized forms of Malay (Jakarta dialect, Amboinese Malay) also appeared. From the second half of the 19th century newspapers in Malay were published in the Dutch East Indies. The modern Indonesian language was formed as a result of the synthesis of "low" and "high" Malay, modeled on classical Malay. The modern Malay literary language of Malaysia, also known as Malaysian, differs from Indonesian chiefly in vocabulary but also to some extent in phonetics and certain morphological and syntactic features.
Wilkinson, R. J. A Malay-English Dictionary (Romanised), parts 1-2. Tokyo, 1932.
Teeuw, A. "The History of the Malay Language." Bijdragen tot de TaalLand- en Volkenkunde, 1959, vol., 115, pp. 138-56.
Teeuw, A., and H. W. Emanuels. A Critical Survey of Studies on Malay and Bahasa Indonesia. The Hague, 1961.
Malay local government explained it has backed the Department of Tourism (DOT) and Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in addressing existing problems of Boracay.
Records from the Malay tourism office showed visitors from Taiwan were the third biggest group of foreign tourists (40,802), followed by the United States (22,648) and Malaysia (20,585).
The traditional Malay houses illustrate built forms typical of traditional culture, adapted to the larger social and economic unit of the village, to the smaller family unit, climate and ecology.
The Silsilah keturunan raja Jambi is the last of many Malay dynastic chronicles that are extensively summarized and analyzed in this book.
It brings to attention how significant changes in these three areas over the last thirty years have disturbed the relative tranquillity of Tanjung Pinang's Malay identity.
Newbold's classification of named groups relates to his administrative role on the west coast and is clearly reliant on Malay informants.
The intimate relationship that exists between the traditional Malay and his surroundings is also evident in their aesthetic expression in the form of Pantun and Seloka.
Tens of thousands of Malaysians, most from the majority Malay community, marched through the capital on Wednesday in a show of support for the scandal-plagued government, stoking fear of ethnic tension in the diverse Southeast Asian country.
Malay Muslims, who are about 60 percent of the country's population, see themselves as the rightful owners of Malaysia's governmental power.


Anchorage – quick links from the Mayor's office on down on muni.org.
Bear Awareness – Bear resistant trash containers from Alaska Waste or call 563-3717.
Crime – CALL 911 for all emergencies: first responders: police, medical, fire.
Anchorage to Zero Waste—Your Downloadable Guide to Zero Waste In Anchorage. Everything you wanted to know about recycling in one place!


text:
nature human behaviour
Pandemics show us what government is for
If the world fails to protect the economy, COVID-19 will damage health not just now but also in the future
Martin McKee & David Stuckler
A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker)
Thomas Hale, Noam Angrist, … Helen Tatlow
Response2covid19, a dataset of governments' responses to COVID-19 all around the world
Simon Porcher
Predicting mortality for Covid-19 in the US using the delayed elasticity method
Luis Ángel Hierro, Antonio J. Garzón, … José Luis Márquez
Protective Policy Index (PPI) global dataset of origins and stringency of COVID 19 mitigation policies
Olga Shvetsova, Andrei Zhirnov, … Tianyi Zhao
Keeping governments accountable: the COVID-19 Assessment Scorecard (COVID-SCORE)
Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Agnes Binagwaho, … Scott C. Ratzan
COVID-19 Government Response Event Dataset (CoronaNet v.1.0)
Cindy Cheng, Joan Barceló, … Luca Messerschmidt
Will the COVID-19 pandemic worsen the obesity epidemic?
Christoffer Clemmensen, Michael Bang Petersen & Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
Tail risk of contagious diseases
Pasquale Cirillo & Nassim Nicholas Taleb
Susan Erikson1
Nature Human Behaviour volume 4, pages 441–442 (2020)Cite this article
Growth-at-any-cost economics has health costs, a reality the COVID-19 pandemic brings into sharp relief. Governments must manage the tension between economics and health, but they should not stray from their original mandate to protect people. Too much dependence on the private sector weakened pandemic response, argues Susan Erikson.
As a medical anthropologist who was in Sierra Leone when Ebola broke out in 2014, I am struck by the similarities between the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic and the West African Ebola outbreak. In both cases, denialism and an initial slow response proved deadly, albeit understandable: humans don't tend to quickly embrace changes to their circumstances, no matter where they are in the world. Defiance of social-distancing and home-isolation imperatives is common. Citizens of wealthy countries now know the feeling of having to break home quarantine to find food or care for sick loved ones. Unexpected, though, are the similarities in an initial inability to protect healthcare personnel and provide essential health technologies during a pandemic. Nurses, doctors and paramedics lack personal protection equipment (PPE). Home health aides have no health insurance. Test kits are in short supply. The governments of some wealthy countries did not rapidly organize their engineers to build quick-setup diagnostic and treatment facilities, nor did they expeditiously direct manufacturers to ramp up the production of PPEs, test kits and ventilators. Inconsistent enactment and enforcement of laws against hoarding and supply profiteering prevail. Such tasks fall within the social contract governments have with their citizens, and the failure to swiftly fulfill those responsibilities has long been evidence of failed statehood. With COVID-19, we see how small-government ideologies leave too much health preparedness to 'the market', creating a perfect storm in rich countries too.
Credit: S.R.Henne
As COVID-19 forces national economies to slow to a near-halt and life is stripped down to its essentials, we see the purposes of government. At the time of writing (24 March), governments are shelling out money for stopgap funding to corporations, communities and individuals to break the financial freefall that happens when people comply with social distancing. But they will soon move out of the government-as-cash-machine stage of pandemic response. Many federal coffers will run short, and the kicker is that those shortfalls were created intentionally. In recent decades, the tax base in many countries has declined precipitously relative to the country's wealth. Many rich citizens and corporations now pay a smaller percentage of their incomes than their fellow citizens in the middle and working classes. Government laboratories studying infectious disease were shut or short-funded when they could not show rapid return on investment. Just-in-time supply systems, in which companies deliberately avoid stockpiling and order inventory on an as-needed basis, were imposed on societal sectors, including health.
The idea that government is a big bungler began in the 1970s, took hold in the 1980s, and has since only become more popular. Government decline and disparagement correlates with a rise in the view that the private sector can do everything better and faster. Private sector provisioning of government responsibilities, though, is not always cheaper or more efficient over the long-term. I worked for a large federal government in the 1980s and saw first-hand what occurs when governments reduce the federal workforce to save money: human need does not go away when government workers are laid off; governments typically pay more to private sector employees to do the same jobs instead. And, as we have seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, some governments are extremely efficient providing for the healthcare needs of their citizens.
The shift to the private sector was a trend that spread and accelerated in the 1980s and 1990s, reaching newly independent postcolonial countries with fledgling economies like Sierra Leone. Such nations were forced to embrace macroeconomic austerity plans as a condition of getting cash to build hospitals, roads and utilities. Decades of deals came with strings attached. Aid for infrastructure was often conditional on spending 40–70% on private sector business from the donor country, depriving aspiring young economies of new business development and sovereignty.
The good news is that government response can change from one pandemic to the next. Since 2017, the African continent has built its own Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Nigeria, which skillfully managed its few cases of Ebola during the 2014–2016 outbreak, quickly sequenced the SARS-CoV-2 genome (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/sars-cov-2-seqs/). At Sierra Leone's international airport, passengers have been quarantined since 3 February 2020 (to get a sense of how early in the outbreak that was: it was two days before the US Senate voted on their president's impeachment). Since mid-February, handwashing stations have been set up outside of businesses in the capital city. Sierra Leone's president has visited the airport, border checkpoints and hospitals, where he calmly encouraged people to use their experience with Ebola to fight COVID-19. Sierra Leone's preparedness has limits, but the point is that people there know what to do in a pandemic. Its government, which negotiated the timely import of test kits and secured external funding, knows its role too. Sierra Leone, the country ravaged by Ebola 6 years ago, has been testing for coronavirus but as of 24 March is one of the few countries in the world without a single confirmed case of COVID-19.
When the COVID-19 pandemic emergency ends, there needs to be a worldwide reckoning with what governments are for. Governments cut to the bone cannot respond easily or quickly. Pandemics are no longer unexpected events and those who claim otherwise are using old stochastic models and ignoring the world around us. It's not just that population pressures—for food, housing and income—will continue to push humans into wildlife habitat that will set off other unknown animal–human disease chains. Pandemics are also a result of economic growth-at-any-cost ideologies, those that call for ploughing down rainforests, systematically indenturing huge swathes of frontline healthcare workers and fighting the regulation of health sector profit-mongering. Governments cannot exist solely as payers-of-last-resort. They too need to be valued and nurtured back to health, so that they can sustain us when our needs hit pandemic proportions.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
Susan Erikson
Correspondence to Susan Erikson.
The author declares no competing interests.
Erikson, S. Pandemics show us what government is for. Nat Hum Behav 4, 441–442 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0871-4
Issue Date: May 2020
Nature Human Behaviour (Nat Hum Behav) ISSN 2397-3374 (online)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package leap.db.platform;

import leap.db.DbError;
import leap.db.DbStatement;
import leap.lang.Args;

public class GenericDbStatement implements DbStatement {

	protected final String sql;

	protected boolean executed;
	protected DbError error;
	protected int     affected = -1;

	protected GenericDbStatement(String sql){
		Args.notEmpty(sql,"sql");
		this.sql = sql;
	}

	@Override
    public String sql() {
	    return sql;
    }

	@Override
    public int affected() {
	    return affected;
    }

	@Override
    public DbError error() {
	    return error;
    }

	@Override
    public boolean isExecuted() {
	    return executed;
    }

	@Override
    public boolean isError() {
	    return null != error;
    }

	protected void success(int affected){
		this.affected = affected;
		this.executed = true;
	}

	protected void error(DbError error){
		this.error    = error;
		this.executed = true;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Великоу́стівська сільська́ ра́да — адміністративно-територіальна одиниця та орган місцевого самоврядування в Сосницькому районі Чернігівської області. Адміністративний центр — село Велике Устя.

Загальні відомості
Великоустівська сільська рада утворена у 1919 році.
 Територія ради: 29,19 км²
 Населення ради: 541 особи (станом на 2014 рік)

Населені пункти
Сільській раді були підпорядковані населені пункти:
 с. Велике Устя
 с. Долинське

Склад ради
Рада складалася з 12 депутатів та голови.
 Голова ради: Циганок Валентина Миколаївна
 Секретар ради: Ульяненко Антоніна Михайлівна

Керівний склад попередніх скликань
Примітка: таблиця складена за даними сайту Верховної Ради України

Депутати
За результатами місцевих виборів 2010 року депутатами ради стали:

За суб'єктами висування

За округами

Обрані депутатами ради у виборчому окрузі на чергових місцевих виборах 25.10.2015

 Загальні відомості про результати голосування

Примітки та джерела
4. Обрані депутатами ради у виборчому окрузі  http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2015/PVM057?PID112=61&PID102=5315&PF7691=5315&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_t001f01=100

 Відомості про сільські, селищні, міські ради

Адміністративний устрій Сосницького району

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


View and Download Texas Instruments TravelMate 4000M user reference manual online. Texas Instruments User's Reference Guide Notebook Computer TravelMate 4000M.
Stay informed by joining our e-Newsletter list plus it enters you into our great contests too! Get social with Enjoy the Music.com at Instagram, Facebook and Twitter.Videos are available on our YouTube channel plus we have an excellent RSS feed.
Electronic music is music that employs electronic musical instruments, digital instruments and circuitry-based music technology.In general, a distinction can be made between sound produced using electromechanical means (electroacoustic music), and that produced using electronics only.
The phonograph is a device for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound.In its later forms, it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910) or, since the 1940s, a record player.
A little HISTORY . This has been moved to our Tube Screamer History Page. SOUND IMPROVEMENT . In my experience about 50% of original TS-9s I have played have sounded weak and thin, mostly due to a weak or incorrect op-amp.
Product Description. The Flagship ONYXi Mixer Compatible with All DAWs including Pro Tools M-Powered 8! The Mackie Onyx 1640i Firewire recording mixer combines the benefits of a powerful computer interface with the tactile, hands-on control of a premium analog mixer.
Background: In 1975, Atari and Magnavox started selling improved systems using integrated circuits. Magnavox used several Texas Instruments (TI) chips, which replicated the design of the first Odyssey, itself based on 1967 transistor circuits.
Maxon Pedals Maxon OD-808 mods . We have worked on the Maxon OD-808 and now offer our 808/SILVER mod for it. The Maxon OD-808 is actually a TS-10 circuit (uses TS9/TS10 output section) so it takes some serious work.


Best way to ring in the new year? With a cocktail in hand dancing the night away, of course! Join us at Curio (the brand new restaurant at The Chapel's) for a night like none other – featuring dinner, drinks and an amazing lineup of DJs.
Get the crew together for the last meal of 2018 at Curio from 5:00pm – 9:00pm before the NYE festivities begin! We'll will be serving up their full dinner menu that is ideal for groups to share, such as their decadent seafood tower (Oysters, Gulf Prawns, Little Neck Clams, Tuna Tartar, and dirty martini granite) to Hush Puppies with wild gulf shrimp, charred corn, sweet chili butter, plus a selection of NYE specials.
After dinner, we're breaking out the DJ's to help us dance the night away and ring in the New Year the right way. Performances will feature DJ Kue, named "Remix Producer of the Year" by iHeart Radio x Remix Top 30, as well as performances by Carlos Alfonzo, Sychosis, Sausee, DJ Infusion, and UnityVybe.
As one of the most sought-after remixers, Kue has remixed artists such as Calvin Harris, VASSY, and The Chainsmokers, to name a few. He was named "Remix Producer of the Year" in 2017 by iHeart Radio x Remix Top 30 and again in 2018 by Promo Only Summer Sessions.
Being one of the most respected people from the underground to around the mainstream town, Carlos Alfonzo has set the stage for himself to become a leading force in the future of House Music.


This year we will be working to learn how to be successful journalist through a digital newspaper and printed yearbooks for students.
Pencils and pens: Students should come prepared with these everyday. Both pens and pencil will be needed.
Academic: A-F grades showing students mastery of the concepts based on journalism tests and projects. Students may make up these assignments to show mastery after being re-taught, getting tutoring, or independently studying.
Effort: Excellent, Satisfactory, and Need Improvement grades showing students behavior in class, participation on news articles and yearbook pages, and completion of deadline projects.
Outside Time Commitment: Students will have outside commitments that they will sign up for. They may need to attend sporting, school, or district events to complete their articles/pages.
Deadlines: Since this class is use to produce school wide materials, due date will be held to a high standard. Very few assignments will be able to be turned in late or made up. Academic assignments will always be able to redone before the end of the quarter.
I am available through email as the best means of communication.


We serve Northford residents from our New Haven office.
After your consultation it's time for your first appointment with your orthodontist. This is when you will be helped to complete paperwork, concerning your orthodontic needs. You also need to schedule a second appointment for you to take x-rays. Our Northford team will make sure you are relaxed and comfortable during your second appointment, which generally last around 2 hours. If you have any questions ask our Northford assistants who can help you get familiar your new orthodontic appliance.
After giving receiving your orthodontic piece, you will have regular visits every four to eight weeks, where we will check to be sure it's working correctly. We will work with you to find a time that doesn't disrupt your life. Call our Northford office, and we can find times for your appointments that are convenient for you.
Life doesn't always go according to plan, and we understand that. We make rescheduling appointments easy. All you need to do call is to our Northford office, and our Northford Coordinator, will work with you to find a time, that accommodates into your schedule.
Children and teens are susceptible to many types of orthodontic problems, sometimes due to late tooth loss, or ealry thumbsucking habits, but more often due to injuries or genetics in children. These problems include: crowding, widely spaced teeth, jaw growth problems, protruding teeth, or bad bites. Do not believe that children's Orthodontic issues correct on their own, as this is not often the case. The jaw is hardens with age, so it is best to fix children's orthodontic issues early before it hardens. Adult orthodontic problems can be more tricky and can require orthodontic surgery.
Bring your child in to our Northford office as soon as possible, before they'll orthodontic issues worsen. Don't make your child deal with more complicated, costly orthodontic issues that may develop as they reaching adulthood. If your child is seven years or or older, make them an appointment as soon as you can. The problem will not go away on its own. Call our Northford orthodontic office and schedule an initial exam. CT Braces is ready to correct your child's orthodontic issues, so they can show off their confident healthy smile to the world.
Our Two-stage, three step program, is effective and is a great way to give your child a healthier smile.
Phase one is when you meet with your Northford orthodontist and they will devise a treatment plan for any jaw growth, tooth crowding or spacing issues. This is phase is about on alignment, so that your child's teeth grow in properly.
After this there is a resting period, where your child's permanent teeth can naturally grow into place without the use of a retainer.
Contact our Northford office, if you have questions about our orthodontic practices. We are happy to provide more information.
Is orthodontic treatment just for children? No! Actually, the American Association of Orthodontists found that one in five orthodontic patients are over 21. Adults deserve healthy smiles and orthodontic treatment too! CT Braces of Northford knows that everyone should feel confident about their smile, and can help you achieve this.
Your jaw hardens as you age, this puts adults, at a higher risk of gum or bone loss, worn or missing teeth, or incomplete orthodontic treatment, than children.
CT Braces in Northford knows the right ways to treat adult and child orthodontic needs. Request information from our Northford orthodontic practice and call to set up an initial exam.
Surgical orthodontics is needed to properly aligning your teeth. After, orthodontic braces are used, to keep your teeth aligned in the proper positions. CT Braces Northford Orthodontist works with an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, who will perform your surgery in a hospital.
Northford CT Braces is certified provider of Invisalign®. Invisalign® treatment consists of invisible, removable aligners that will help you achieve a healthy, straight smile without the use of braces. With the use of these comfortable trays, you can still eat, drink, brush and floss during your treatment. You will simply need to have a new set of aligners every two weeks that will slowly but surely help move your teeth to the desired position.
You will meet with Northford orthodontist every six weeks, to monitor your progress and see that your treatment is progressing correctly. Your visits will be consistent, during the entirety of your treatment which on average takes around 9-15 months. For more information please contact our Northford office to discuss the benefits or learn more about Invisalign®.
CT Braces are a trusted name for orthodontic care in Northford and Connecticut. We are known for our reliability, expertise and compassionate team. Our the strength of our name and customer loyalty in Connecticut, has allowed us expand our business across the state, in multiple offices.


Shooting with a shallow depth of field has become so popular in the last few years that it's almost become a cliché. But it remains something that's very much in demand. Fast f/1.4 and f/1.2 lenses can be extremely expensive, though, and so very difficult for people to achieve with their f/slow-slower kit lenses, especially if working with APS-C or Micro Four Thirds sensors.
In this video, Unmesh Dinda from PiXImperfect shows us a way to simulate shallow depth of field in Photoshop using the Iris Blur filter on a smart object, with a neat tip to offer a lot more control over the Iris Blur filter than you might've realised it offered.
Unmesh shows two different examples in the video to demonstrate the technique. The first is a fairly basic introduction to the process, and the second is a little more complex with body parts overlapping other parts further back. And while both of the images shown were shot in the studio, you can apply these principles to location shots, too.
Watch the video above for the full technique, but here's a basic overview.
The first step to making it look realistic is to figure out your plane of focus. Unmesh goes into some about exactly what this is, for those who've not come across the term before, but it's essentially everything that's roughly the same distance from the lens. You can't just focus on what you want to be in focus and ignore the other things that would be in focus had you actually shot it with a wide aperture lens.
The areas highlighted in red are on the same plane of focus. These are the areas that should remain sharp in the final image.
After figuring out which areas need to stay sharp, Unmesh then duplicates the background layer and converts the duplicate into a smart object. This allows him to apply filters and then go back in and adjust filters after he's applied them. He first applies the Iris blur to the face. It works by keeping the center part sharp, and then blurring it out as it gets further away from the centre, defined by four inner markers and an outside ring.
The inner points define where the blur begins. Everything inside them remains sharp, but everything outside of them starts to blur. The outer ring is the point of maximum blur. But the feature Unmesh mentions here is that you can actually hold Alt (or Option on the mac) and click on the four points to customise their individual position. You don't have to have it be a perfect circle or oval. So, you can redefine it to the shape that you need. In this case, the subject's face.
This lets you get a lot of control over how the blur fades in as it gets away from the in-focus areas as not everywhere will fall off at the same rate from the plane of focus. The hair on top of the head, for example, will often fall back out of the plane of focus much more quickly than the hair on the sides that is hanging almost straight down.
The results of this process are very effective, even in the short time Unmesh takes to achieve them in this video. With some practise and time, you can create some very realistic looks.
So, if you've been struggling with slow kit lenses or small sensors and can't quite get the shallow depth of field look that you're after, have a watch of the video and get practising. It may not get you identical results to actually using a wide aperture lens on a full frame camera, but it'll be quite convincing if you do it well.
Who says you can't get shallow depth of field with an APS-C sensor? I've done it many times.


Vibrant green adds and element of interest to any monochromatic outfit. These classic pumps have been given a colour pop, hand crafted in Italy using calf hair. We love these pumps back with classic indigo denim or an all black outfit.


text:
// Copyright 2021 The Terasology Foundation
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

package org.terasology.engine.audio.openAL.staticSound;

import org.lwjgl.openal.AL10;
import org.lwjgl.openal.AL11;
import org.terasology.engine.audio.openAL.BaseSoundSource;
import org.terasology.engine.audio.openAL.OpenALException;
import org.terasology.engine.audio.openAL.SoundPool;

import static org.lwjgl.openal.AL10.AL_FALSE;
import static org.lwjgl.openal.AL10.AL_LOOPING;
import static org.lwjgl.openal.AL10.AL_TRUE;
import static org.lwjgl.openal.AL10.alGetSourcei;
import static org.lwjgl.openal.AL10.alSourcei;

public class OpenALSoundSource extends BaseSoundSource<OpenALSound> {

    private OpenALSound audio;

    public OpenALSoundSource(SoundPool<OpenALSound, OpenALSoundSource> pool) {
        super(pool);
    }

    public float getLength() {
        return audio.getLength();
    }

    /**
     * @return the playback position in second
     */
    public float getPlaybackPositionSeconds() {
        return (float) AL10.alGetSourcei(getSourceId(), AL11.AL_BYTE_OFFSET) / audio.getBufferSize();
    }

    // TODO: Work out what this method returns and rename it to fit
    public float getPlaybackPosition() {
        return (float) AL10.alGetSourcei(getSourceId(), AL11.AL_SAMPLE_OFFSET) / audio.getSamplingRate();
    }

    /**
     * Set playback position in seconds
     *
     * @param position
     */
    public OpenALSoundSource setPlaybackPositionInSeconds(float position) {
        boolean isPlaying = isPlaying();
        if (isPlaying) {
            AL10.alSourceStop(getSourceId());
        }

        AL10.alSourceRewind(getSourceId());
        AL10.alSourcei(getSourceId(), AL11.AL_SAMPLE_OFFSET, (int) (audio.getSamplingRate() * position));

        OpenALException.checkState("Setting sound playback absolute position");

        if (isPlaying) {
            play();
        }

        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Set relative playback position (0.0f - start, 1.0f - end)
     *
     * @param position
     */
    // TODO: This is broken for compressed streams - is this something that we need to worry about?
    public OpenALSoundSource setPlaybackPosition(float position) {
        boolean isPlaying = isPlaying();
        if (isPlaying()) {
            AL10.alSourceStop(getSourceId());
        }

        AL10.alSourceRewind(getSourceId());
        AL10.alSourcei(getSourceId(), AL11.AL_BYTE_OFFSET, (int) (audio.getBufferSize() * position));

        OpenALException.checkState("Setting sound playback relaive position");

        if (isPlaying) {
            play();
        }

        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public OpenALSound getAudio() {
        return audio;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isLooping() {
        return alGetSourcei(getSourceId(), AL_LOOPING) == AL_TRUE;
    }

    @Override
    public OpenALSoundSource setLooping(boolean looping) {
        alSourcei(getSourceId(), AL_LOOPING, looping ? AL_TRUE : AL_FALSE);

        OpenALException.checkState("Setting sound looping");

        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public OpenALSoundSource setAudio(OpenALSound sound) {
        boolean isPlaying = isPlaying();
        if (isPlaying) {
            stop();
        }

        reset();

        audio = sound;
        AL10.alSourcei(getSourceId(), AL10.AL_BUFFER, audio.getBufferId());

        OpenALException.checkState("Assigning buffer to source");

        if (isPlaying) {
            play();
        }

        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public void purge() {
        boolean isPlaying = isPlaying();
        if (isPlaying) {
            stop();
        }

        reset();

        audio = null;
        AL10.alSourcei(getSourceId(), AL10.AL_BUFFER, 0);
        OpenALException.checkState("Clearing source");
    }
}


Unfortunately, this hardly anyone understood outside Russia.
But anything with 'Kosmos' would be good. I therefore correct my proposal 'SpaceEngine: The Limits Beyond' to 'Kosmos: The Limits Beyond'.
Outside: Space Engine Edition: A Bold New Frontier to Get Out of the House and Meet New People!
Will I be able to capture worlds?
As we all know , search engine is best in making games and their games are also best. so names should also be bold, strong and attractive.
That "Aurora" , "Parallax" both the names are disgusting with my point of view as they don't even sounds good. name should be creative or that shows the creativity of that game. there are many websites or threads on internet which provides ideas or relevant names of various games. anyone know websites or threads, then tell??
I think that a good name would be "Helios: Star Life". I don't know,some fancy latin name with it.
"Stellar Boost". (Sounds like a mobile game :p).
Now, m'ladys,i need to go.
Because the universe in SpaceEngine is a cube. But when the game appears, it may be a 4D torus.
The Torus: There are some stars in it.
Or, how about a German word?
Because 'reich' also means 'rich, wealthy, bounty full' and so on.
I particularly like 'bounty full'.
I like so much this one! Is not particularly smart, but it sounds very good.
Cosmic Engine: Explore the Universe!
I just thought of an amazing name! Let's call it...Space Engine!
It's too late to change name... SpaceEngine is now a brand name, search engines gives only few different results on request "space engine", unlike "aurora", "cosmos" or similar.


This report gives an in-depth analysis of utensil cleaner market in India. Globally, Asia-Pacific ranks as the fastest growing market and the growth is driven by increasing number of households, prospering economies and improving lifestyles. India and China, in particular, are anticipated to register impressive growth in the coming years, supported by the expanding urban population and growing per capita spending on household supplies and products. India has a low penetration of dishwashing products and this provides an attractive opportunity to utensil cleaning manufacturers. Earlier in India, utensil cleaning products had to compete against traditional methods such as ash to clean dishes. However, people have now shifted from traditional products but the per capita consumption still remains low as compared to other countries.
According to "India Utensil Cleaner Market Overview", the overall market for utensil cleaners is growing with more than 15% CAGR from last five years. The market is further expected to grow with double digits in the next five years. Utensil cleaners are broadly divided into four product types namely bar, liquid, powder and paste. Dishwashing bars dominate market revenues, followed by liquid cleaners whereas dishwashing paste has negligible contribution to the overall utensil cleaner market. Powder based cleaners are now set to diminish from the market. Various companies in the industry include Hindustan Unilever, Jyothy Laboratories, Rohit Surfactants, Dabur India, Fena, Pitambari Products, Colgate Palmolive and Reckitt Benckiser. Vim, from Hindustan Unilever is the prominent brand in the utensil cleaner market, along with other brands like Exo, Pril, Nip, Odopic, Pitambari and Xpert.
Bars are more popular in rural areas and are registering more growth in rural markets as compared to urban. On the other hand, consumers in urban areas are now upgrading to dishwashing liquids which are expected to register robust growth in the forecast period. Urban markets are the chief target for liquid cleaner manufacturers in India, however rural market is also expected to outperform. The category will see fast adoption in its preliminary stage of rural market. Hence, rural market is now becoming a prime focus of utensil cleaner manufacturers in India. As far as sales channel is considered, utensil cleaning products are still largely sold through traditional formats. However, modern retail like supermarkets, hypermarkets and malls are soon expected to outpace them. Online sales of dishwashing products will continue to remain low as grocery items are usually not bought through online stores in India.
The information contained in this report is based upon both primary and secondary research. Primary research included interviews with various channel partners of utensil cleaning products in India. Secondary research included an exhaustive search of relevant publications like company annual reports, financial reports and proprietary databases.
5.3. Reckitt Benckiser (India) Ltd.
Table-10: Key Facts of Reckitt Benckiser (India) Ltd.


Arthur K. Wheelock Jr., "Frans Hals/Adriaen van Ostade/1646/1648," Dutch Paintings of the Seventeenth Century, NGA Online Editions, https://purl.org/nga/collection/artobject/77 (accessed April 22, 2019).
Hals depicted his colleague the artist Adriaen van Ostade (1610–1685) as a refined gentleman wearing fashionable apparel, including the gloves that were an essential accessory of the social elite in this period. Van Ostade holds his right glove in his left hand, and his casual pose adds to the lifelike character of the portrait, further reinforced by the extraordinary abstract brushwork.
Prior to entering Haarlem's Saint Luke's Guild in 1634, Van Ostade had probably been Hals' pupil. He specialized in scenes of peasant life, such as The Cottage Dooryard in the National Gallery's collection. In 1647 Van Ostade was elected to serve as one of the headmen of the Saint Luke's Guild, so he may have commissioned Hals to paint his portrait to commemorate this high point in his career.
It has been proposed that a painting in the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Seated Man Holding a Branch (inv. no. 15, 901), may also represent Van Ostade. The attribution of this work and the identification of the sitter, however, have been debated. The work is attributed to Frans Hals by Seymour Slive (in Frans Hals, 3 vols. [London, 1970–1974], 3: no. 155, and in Frans Hals [Washington, DC, 1989], 298, no. 59), but to Frans Hals the Younger by Claus Grimm in "Frans Hals und seine Schule," Münchner Jarbuch der Bildenden Kunst 22 (1971): 162, no. 15, 171, repro. 25, and to Workshop (Group B) by Grimm in Frans Hals: The Complete Work, trans. Jürgen Riehle (New York, 1990), 292. Although the model shares a certain likeness to the sitter in the Washington painting and even more closely resembles the previously mentioned mezzotint by Jacob Gold after a lost painting by Cornelis Dusart, no firm conclusion can be made about the sitter's identity (see Slive, Frans Hals [London], 3: fig. 46; Ernst Scheyer, "Portraits of the Brothers Van Ostade," Arts Quarterly 2 : 134–141). If the Ottawa portrait does represent Van Ostade, its proposed date of 1645 presents some difficulties, for Van Ostade was born in 1610 and the figure appears older than thirty-five. Slive, Frans Hals (London), 3: fig. 47, discusses a copy of a lost Van Ostade self-portrait by Jan van Rossum (active c. 1654–c. 1673) now in the National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin; see Homan Potterton, Dutch Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Paintings in the National Gallery of Ireland: A Complete Catalogue (Dublin, 1986), 132–133, no. 623, fig. 141. No conclusions about the identification of the Washington sitter can be made, however, from this image.
Seymour Slive, ed., Frans Hals, 3 vols. (London, 1970–1974), 3: nos. 203, 206. Ironically, Hals' works representing a painter with the tools of his craft have remained unidentified (Art Institute of Chicago, inv. no. 94.1023, see Slive, Frans Hals [London], 3: no. 164; and Frick Collection, New York, see Slive, Frans Hals [London], 3: no. 186). Unfortunately, his portraits of fellow-painters Jan Miense Molenaer, Judith Leyster, Thomas Wyck, and Jan van de Cappelle, and of the painter-architect Jacob van Campen, are now lost. At a College Art Association meeting on February 11, 2010, Paul Crenshaw has, however, proposed that Portrait of a Painter Holding a Brush in the Frick Collection is a pendant to Portrait of a Seated Woman Holding a Fan in The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and that the sitters are Jan Miense Molenaer and Judith Leyster. See Slive, Frans Hals (London), 3:96–97, nos. 186, 187.
David R. Smith, Masks of Wedlock: Seventeenth-Century Dutch Marriage Portraiture (Ann Arbor, 1982), 78. See also Berent Schwineköper, Der Handschuh im Recht, Ämterweisen, Brauch und Volksglauben (Berlin, 1938), 127–128. and it may be significant that in both of these instances the right hand, the one used for greeting, has been ungloved. Its position, with the palm exposed to the viewer, reinforces the quality of openness and forthrightness evident in these works.
Seymour Slive, ed., Frans Hals, 3 vols. (London, 1970–1974), 3: no. 173, fig. 268, note. By the early 1650s Hals' style had become less agitated, as a comparison with the National Gallery of Art's Portrait of a Gentleman demonstrates. At that time he blocked in the silhouettes of his figures with broad, angular strokes rather than with the broken contours that characterize his work from the late 1640s. The explicit virtuosity of his technique for rendering Van Ostade's gloves with rapidly applied diagonal accents later gave way to simpler forms with more measured rhythms.
I would like to express my appreciation to H. Rodney Nevitt Jr., for his assistance in preparing this entry.
Buckston family, Sutton on the Hill, Derbyshire; (sale, Sotheby & Co., London, 5-6 May 1919, 2nd day, no. 285); Brown, acting for (Thos. Agnew & Sons, Ltd., Arthur J. Sulley & Co., and Colnaghi & Co., London); purchased 9 May 1919 by (M. Knoedler & Co., London and New York); sold 1 November 1919 to Andrew W. Mellon, Pittsburgh and Washington, D.C.; deeded 28 December 1934 to The A.W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust, Pittsburgh; gift 1937 to NGA.
 In this auction the picture was listed as Portrait of the Artist by Nicholas Berghem [Berchem]. The auction catalogue states that the painting was "The Property of a Gentleman". Francis Russell of Christie's kindly provided the name of the family that consigned the painting (letter of 10 March 2003 to Arthur Wheelock, in NGA curatorial files).
 The fact that the purchase was by joint account of the three dealers is given in the Public Collections section of The Getty Provenance Index Databases. The painting was Agnew's joint account number J-1817 and Colnaghi's number A-720. Colnaghi also sold one third of their share to H.M. Clark. Christopher Kingzett of Agnew's confirmed Agnew's purchase of the painting at the 1919 sale, but does not mention the joint account with Sulley and Colnaghi (letter, 7 March 1984, to Arthur Wheelock, in NGA curatorial files).
 Letter, 14 February 1984, Nancy Little, Librarian at M. Knoedler & Co., to Arthur Wheelock, in NGA curatorial files. Knoedler's recorded their purchase as from Agnew's; the painting was Knoedler stock number 14774.
Paintings by Old Masters from Pittsburgh Collections, Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, 1925, no. 24, as Nicholas Berghen [Berchem].
The support, a fine-weight, plain-weave fabric, has been lined with the tacking margins trimmed. Cusping indicates no change in dimensions. Lining has reinforced the impression of the canvas texture in the paint surface. The smooth, white ground layer is visible through the transparent background paint, appearing light brown to the eye.
Paint is applied freely in thin layers defined by broad, distinct, sure brushstrokes. A dark layer was applied first to serve as a color for the background and an underpaint layer for the jacket, with reserves left for the face and hands. The face, collar, hands, and gloves were brought to a higher degree of finish in fuller bodied paint with brushwork blended wet-into-wet. X-radiographs show a minor adjustment to the right half of the collar, which was initially straighter. The entire collar may have been slightly smaller.
Two small losses are found above and below the mouth on the left side, along with scattered small losses in the lower half of the jacket. The black paint of the jacket is moderately abraded and a 3-centimeter section of hair to the left of the face is severely abraded. The painting was treated in 1990 to remove discolored varnish and inpainting.
Carnegie Institute. An Exhibition of Paintings by Old Masters from the Pittsburgh Collections. Exh. cat. Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, 1925: no. 24.
Valentiner, Wilhelm R. "New Additions to the Work of Frans Hals." Art in America 23 (June 1935): 86-103, no. 21, fig. 2.
Valentiner, Wilhelm R. Frans Hals Paintings in America. Westport, Connecticut, 1936: no. 100, repro.
Preliminary Catalogue of Paintings and Sculpture. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1941: 95, no. 70, as Portrait of a Man.
National Gallery of Art. Book of illustrations. 2nd ed. Washington, 1942: no. 70, repro. 24, 240, as Portrait of a Man.
National Gallery of Art. Paintings and Sculpture from the Mellon Collection. Washington, 1949 (reprinted 1953 and 1958): 79, repro.
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. New York, 1963 (reprinted 1964 in French, German, and Spanish): 337, 312, repro., as Portrait of a Man.
National Gallery of Art. Summary Catalogue of European Paintings and Sculpture. Washington, 1965: 65, as Portrait of a Man.
National Gallery of Art. European Paintings and Sculpture, Illustrations. Washington, 1968: 58, repro., as Portrait of a Man.
Grimm, Claus. "Ein meisterliches Künstlerporträt: Frans Hals' Ostade-Bildnis." Oud Holland 85 (1970): 146-178, fig. 24.
Slive, Seymour. Frans Hals. 3 vols. National Gallery of Art Kress Foundation Studies in the History of European Art. London, 1970–1974: 1(1970):190-191, fig. 203; 2(1970):fig. 303; 3(1974):78-79, 99-100, no. 192.
Grimm, Claus. "Frans Hals und seine Schule." Münchner Jahrbuch der Bildenden Kunst 22 (1971): 146-178, fig. 24.
Grimm, Claus. Frans Hals: Entwicklung, Werkanalyse, Gesamtkatolog. Berlin, 1972: 105-106, 204, no. 122, figs. 136-138, 142.
Montagni, E.C. L'opera completa di Frans Hals. Classici dell'Arte. Milan, 1974: 105, no. 72, repro.
National Gallery of Art. European paintings: An Illustrated Summary Catalogue. Washington, 1975: 170, repro., as Portrait of a Man.
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. New York, 1975: 268-269, no. 356, repro.
Montagni, E.C. Tout l'oeuvre peint de Frans Hals. Translated by Simone Darses. Les classiques de l'art. Paris, 1976: no. 72, repro.
Baard, H. P. Frans Hals. New York, 1981: 138.
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Rev. ed. New York, 1984: 268, no. 350, color repro.
Sutton, Peter C. A Guide to Dutch Art in America. Grand Rapids and Kampen, 1986: 308-309.
Middelkoop, Norbert, and Anne van Grevenstein. Frans Hals: Life, Work, Restoration. Translated by Rollin Cochrane. Gloucester, 1988: 72-73, repro.
Grimm, Claus. Frans Hals: The Complete Work. Translated by Jürgen Riehle. New York, 1990: 46-49, fig. 40e, 256, fig. 104b, 287, no. 123, repro.
Wheelock, Arthur K., Jr. Dutch Paintings of the Seventeenth Century. The Collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, 1995: 79-83, color repro. 81.
Wheelock, Arthur K., Jr., and Michael Swicklik. "Behind the Veil: Restoration of a Dutch Marine Painting Offers a New Look at Seventeenth-Century Dutch Art and History." National Gallery of Art Bulletin no. 37 (Fall 2007): 2, 4, fig. 2.
An old label from the back of the painting (now in National Gallery of Art curatorial files) reads: "3. Portrait of Berghem, the celebrated Painter. By himself. Small half-length, curved gilt frame." A painted inscription on the back reads "Nicholas Berghem." The identification may have been made by an English owner during the nineteenth century, when Dutch Italianate paintings were in vogue. Since collectors and connoisseurs often associated an artist's appearance with his type of subject matter, the identification of this handsome and refined sitter as Berchem, a painter of elegant views of the Roman campagna, is understandable.
Claus Grimm, "Ein meisterliches Künstlerporträt: Frans Hals' Ostade-Bildnis," Oud-Holland 85 (1970): 170–176.
Albert Blankert, Museum Bredius: Catalogus van de Schilderijen en Tekeningen (The Hague, 1978), 95–96, no. 121.
Claus Grimm, "Ein meisterliches Künstlerporträt: Frans Hals' Ostade-Bildnis," Oud-Holland 85 (1970): 173.
Eduard Trautscholdt, "Zu einer Bildniszeichnung des Adriaen van Ostade," Miscellanea I.Q. van Regteren Altena (Amsterdam, 1969), 153.
Arnold Houbraken, De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen, 3 vols. (Amsterdam, 1718–1721; rev. ed., The Hague, 1753; reprint, Amsterdam, 1980), 1:347.
Seymour Slive, ed., Frans Hals, 3 vols. (London, 1970–1974), 3: no. 144.
David R. Smith, Masks of Wedlock: Seventeenth-Century Dutch Marriage Portraiture (Ann Arbor, 1982), 78. See also Berent Schwineköper, Der Handschuh im Recht, Ämterweisen, Brauch und Volksglauben (Berlin, 1938), 127–128.
National Gallery Scotland, Paintings in the National Gallery of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1976), 47, no. 691; Seymour Slive, ed., Frans Hals, 3 vols. (London, 1970–1974), 3: no. 156, note.
Claus Grimm, Frans Hals: Entwicklung Werkanalyse, Gesamtkatolog (Berlin, 1972), 106, dates the painting 1643–1644; Seymour Slive, ed., Frans Hals, 3 vols. (London, 1970–1974), 3: 99, no. 193, dates it 1650–1652.
Seymour Slive, ed., Frans Hals, 3 vols. (London, 1970–1974), 3: no. 173, fig. 268, note.


text:
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Bisoyi S
Jagannathan U
Dash AK
Mohapatra R
Nayak D
Sahu S
Satyanarayan P
ventricular septal rupture
Decision making, management, and midterm outcomes of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture: Our experience with 21 patients
Samarjit Bisoyi1, Usha Jagannathan1, Anjan K Dash1, Raghunath Mohapatra2, Debashish Nayak2, Satyajit Sahu2, Pattnaik Satyanarayan3
1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology, Apollo Hospitals, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
2 Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Apollo Hospitals, Bhubaneswar, India
3 Department of Pharmacy, Talla Padmavathi College of Pharmacy, Warangal, Telangana, India
Date of Acceptance 05-Nov-2019
Date of Web Publication 19-Oct-2020
Context: Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a dreaded complication following myocardial infarction. Surgical repair of VSR is associated with significant early mortality. Variable outcomes in terms of early mortality and midterm functional status have been reported from different centers. Aims: In our study, we attempt to review the experience of decision making and surgical repair of postinfarction VSR, and to analyze the factors contributing to the early mortality and midterm outcome after repair. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study. Data were summarized retrospectively by frequencies and percentages for categorical factors, and means and standard deviations for continuous factors. Multivariate logistic regression, odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and P value were calculated for different variables to determine their independent effect on operative mortality. All surviving patients answered the EQ-5D Health Questionnaire. Results: Preoperative renal failure, left ventricular dysfunction (moderate and severe), and Killip class (III and IV) were significantly associated with early mortality after surgery. Small residual ventricular septal defect (VSD) was not found to affect the midterm quality of life. Conclusions: Early surgical repair benefits the patient by preventing early end-organ damage. The renal failure left ventricular dysfunction (moderate and severe) and Killip class (III and IV) adversely affect early outcomes after surgery. Small residual ventricular septal defect (VSD) does not affect the midterm quality of life.
Keywords: Cardiac surgery, myocardial infarction, ventricular septal rupture
Bisoyi S, Jagannathan U, Dash AK, Mohapatra R, Nayak D, Sahu S, Satyanarayan P. Decision making, management, and midterm outcomes of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture: Our experience with 21 patients. Ann Card Anaesth 2020;23:471-6
Bisoyi S, Jagannathan U, Dash AK, Mohapatra R, Nayak D, Sahu S, Satyanarayan P. Decision making, management, and midterm outcomes of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture: Our experience with 21 patients. Ann Card Anaesth [serial online] 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 18];23:471-6. Available from: https://www.annals.in/text.asp?2020/23/4/471/298513
Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a dreaded complication of acute myocardial infarction (MI) associated with high mortality. Ventricular ruptures mostly involve the left ventricular (LV) free wall rather than the interventricular septum (IVS). LV free wall rupture is usually fatal, whereas surgical repair of post-MI VSR has short-term (30 days) mortality at 19%–66%.[1],[2] Medical management of this condition is ineffective, with a 30 days mortality of 90%. Among 41,021 patients in the GUSTO-I trial, VSR was suspected in 140 (0.34%) and confirmed by retrospective review in 84 (0.2%). The incidence of postinfarction VSR following acute MI has been estimated at 0.2–2% in the thrombolytic era.[3] This mechanical complication usually occurs in the first week after the onset of acute MI and is generally associated with an occluded infarct-related coronary artery, in the absence of collateral circulation.[4]
In 1845, Latham first described postinfarction VSR, and in 1923, Brunn made the first antemortem diagnosis.[5],[6] Sager established the clinical criteria for diagnosis and stressed the association of VSR with coronary artery disease.[7] In 1957, Cooley, et al. first reported the successful surgical repair of a postinfarction VSR.[8]
We report our experience in decision making, management, and midterm outcomes of postinfarction VSR referred to our institution between the years 2010–2014. In the present study, we have evaluated the clinical outcome of 21 patients treated surgically at our center, by assessing preoperative, operative, and postoperative variables.
Our series comprised 24 consecutive patients referred to our center for repair of postinfarction VSR between January 2010 and December 2014. Coronary angiography was performed in every patient. Three patients did not consent to the high-risk operation and were excluded from the study. The data of 21 patients who underwent repair were retrospectively analyzed. Among these, 16 (76.2%) were operated during the acute phase within 7 days after the onset of MI, 5 (23.8%) were operated during 8–21 days after MI as they were referred late from other institutions. All except 4 patients were male. [Table 1] shows the preoperative clinical profile. All patients had left to right shunt demonstrated by color Doppler. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support was initiated preoperatively in 20 patients and immediately after coming off cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in one patient. Around 11 patient's required preoperative assisted ventilation (6 with endotracheal intubation and 5 noninvasive ventilation) while preparing for surgical repair. The location of the VSR, right ventricular (RV), and left ventricular (LV) function were assessed by 2D echocardiography and color Doppler [Table 2].
Table 1: Preoperative clinical profile
Table 2: Preoperative left and right ventricular function
The technique used for repair was infarct exclusion in all patients. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and postoperatively, 2D echocardiography was carried out on all patients to assess ventricular function and residual VSD. Associated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was undertaken in 12 patients. Only 1 patient required repair of LV aneurysm as well. The variables tested as predictors of operative mortality were LV and RV dysfunction, preoperative renal failure, location of VSD, and residual VSD. These variables were chosen after the data were analyzed.
The mean follow-up of patients discharged from the hospital was 5 years. Patients were followed-up every 6 months in the outpatient setting and through telephone interviews. All discharged patients had echocardiography during follow-up. The follow-up of patients discharged from the hospital was 100% complete. All surviving patients answered the EQ-5D Health Questionnaire. The EQ-5D is a well-regarded questionnaire that provides a generic measure of health status based on 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression.
Data were analyzed retrospectively for frequencies and percentages for categorical factors, and means and standard deviations for continuous factors. Multivariate logistic regression, odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and P value were calculated for different variables to determine their independent effect on operative mortality. Renal failure was defined as serum creatinine levels higher than 1.36 mg/dL or the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). Postoperative RRT was in the form of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) or continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction was defined by Trans-Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) <16 mm.
The time from confirmation of the diagnosis of VSD to surgery varied widely from 10 h to 21 days. Sixteen (76%) patients were operated on within 7 days of VSD diagnosis; 4 of them within 48 h. Five (23.8%) patients were operated after 7 days of diagnosis because they had presented late to our centre. The mean time from onset of symptoms of MI to the time of VSD could not be recorded as most of the patients were referred from peripheral hospitals with a lack of diagnostic modalities.
Around 11 (52.38%) patients were in Killip class III at the time of VSD diagnosis, 4 were in class II, and 6 were in class IV. Fifteen (71%) patients had some deterioration in clinical status from the time of VSD diagnosis to the time of surgical repair. Seventeen (81%) patients required inotropic support preoperatively. IABP was used in all patients; preoperatively in twenty (95%) and postoperatively in one (5%) patient. Nearly 6 patients required invasive ventilation in the preoperative period. Coronary angiography showed single vessel disease (SVD) in 14 (66.67%), double vessel disease (DVD) in 3 (14.28%), and triple vessel disease in 4 (19.04%) patients. [Figure 1] shows the distribution of coronary artery disease according to the VSR location. SVD was significantly more common in anterior VSRs compared to posterior VSRs in this series, similar to the findings of Davies et al[9]. In the group with SVD, 85% had total occlusion of the infarcted artery. Reported figures range from 57% to 82%[3],[10]. Preoperative echocardiography revealed moderate left ventricular dysfunction in 11 (52.38%) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF = 30–40%) and severe impairment in 6 (28.5%) patients. Right ventricular dysfunction was noted in 7 (33.3%) preoperatively.
Figure 1: Distribution of coronary artery disease according to VSR location
There was no statistically significant relationship between the location of VSD (anterior and posterior) and mortality. Of the 17 patients who underwent concomitant CABG, 14 (82.35%) survived [Table 3]. Out of the remaining 4 patients who did not undergo revascularization, 2 (50%) patients survived. The hospital (30 days) mortality was 23%. One mortality was intraoperative and 4 occurred in the intensive care unit. Low cardiac output was the cause of death.
Table 3: Operative mortality
For the 16 patients discharged from hospital, total cumulative survival was 100% at a mean followup of 5 years. Nearly 6 (37.5%) of the surviving patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I, 9 (56.25%) were in class II, and 1 (6.25%) was in class III [Table 4]. No reoperation has been performed postdischarge. All surviving patients were followed up by telephone interviews using EQ5D questionnaire: 15 patients indicated having no problems in any of the dimensions, and 1 reported moderate discomfort as well as anxiety/depression and pain. None of the interviewed patients reported having extreme problems in any of the five areas assessed.
Table 4: Follow-up and current postoperative status
The predictors of mortality were renal failure (P = 0.02), left ventricular dysfunction (moderate and severe) (P = 0.02), and Killip class III and IV (P = 0.01). [Table 5] shows the risk analysis for predictors of operative mortality. There was no statistically significant relationship between the location of VSD (anterior and posterior) and mortality. All the patients who did not survive were in Killip class III and IV preoperatively. Killip classes III and IV were found to have adverse impact on the mortality (P = 0.01). Residual VSD was noted in 3/16 (18.75%) cases postoperatively. The residual VSD did not adversely affect the outcome (P = 0.67).
Table 5: Predictors of postoperative mortality
Improvement in the technique of rapid thrombolysis has brought down the incidence of postinfarction VSR. However, poor access to tertiary care hospitals still poses a threat for a post-MI complication such as VSR in the developing nations. Despite the declining trend, VSR remains one of the most challenging conditions encountered by cardiac surgeons. Post-MI VSR is associated with high early mortality.[3] Early mortality following repair of postinfarction VSD has been reported to be between 19% and 66%.[1],[2] Our rate of early mortality was 23.8%.
The optimal timing of surgical repair for VSRs is critical. A longer interval before surgery has been reported to be associated with improved survival.[11],[12] Pang et al. reported a study on 38 consecutive VSR repairs, however, it has opined that delayed VSR repair should be reserved only for a carefully selected group of patients who remain hemodynamically stable.[12]
Even with high rates of hospital mortality, we feel urgent surgical intervention is required for this condition, given the positive midterm outcomes of patients discharged from the hospital. Five patients were treated after a period of 7 days because they were clinically stable. These patients were closely observed for any signs of deterioration that would prompt urgent surgery. This approach was employed by treating surgeons to allow fibrosis of the infarcted myocardium. This strategy of delay must be approached with caution given that deterioration may occur rapidly, and this deterioration has been shown to adversely affect survival.[13],[14]
Although a short time from MI to surgery has been reported to be a risk factor for mortality, the optimal timing to surgery and the most appropriate approach to VSD patients have not been established yet.[15],[16]
Fifteen patients in this study underwent concomitant CABG at the time of VSD repair. There was no significant survival advantage for these patients. CABG remains a controversial topic in surgery for postinfarction VSD. A number of studies have demonstrated no significant survival benefit, which is in agreement with our observations.[17],[18],[19],[20],[21] Moore et al.[22] had reported that RV dysfunction has a negative impact on early and late survival. As RV failure ensues, the left-sided cardiac chambers are unable to fill, leading to biventricular failure. This exacerbates the low cardiac output state, contributing to a higher mortality rate. However, we did not find a significant association between RV dysfunction and mortality. This could be due to the small number of subjects in our study which lacked statistical power.
We did not find a significant difference in survival between patients with anterior or posterior defects. The location of the defect also did not influence the rates of residual or recurrent VSD. Worse outcomes have been noted for patients with posterior defects in some series, which may reflect RV dysfunction resulting from an inferior infarction and the technical difficulties associated with the repair of these lesions.[19],[20],[21] Our observations are consistent with studies that have not demonstrated a significant difference in mortality associated with the location of the VSD.[4],[14],[17],[23],[24],[25]
Infarct exclusion technique and septal reconstruction are the two techniques used for surgical repair in VSR. We followed infarct exclusion in all patients. It includes ventriculotomy through the infarcted LV parallel to the IVS for both anterior and posterior defects. A limited infarctectomy was performed. The patch was fixed to the noninfarcted region of the septum and viable LV wall, excluding the infarcted tissue from the LV cavity. The advantages of an exclusion technique include the restoration of LV geometry and avoidance of tension on the friable muscle.[23],[26]
In our study, none of the patients were thrombolyzed when they were presented to us. This is mainly due to the unavailability of trained medical specialists in the peripheral hospitals in our state. A number of centers have reported the earlier onset of VSR in those receiving reperfusion therapy in acute MI.[3],[27],[28],[29] Several clinical trials and overview analyses by Becker et al. have suggested that the survival benefit conferred by thrombolytic therapy may be offset by a paradoxical increase in early deaths from cardiac rupture. This large registry experience included over 350,000 patients with MI. This suggests that thrombolytic therapy accelerates cardiac rupture, typically within 24 to 48 h of treatment. They opined that the possibility that rupture represents an early hemorrhagic complication of thrombolytic therapy should be investigated.[27] Rhydwen et al. studied the influence of thrombolytic therapy on the patterns of VSR after acute MI in 29 patients over a 5-years period. They observed that thrombolytic therapy resulted in an earlier presentation of VSR after acute MI. However, thrombolysis reduces the overall incidence and in-hospital mortality of this life-threatening complication.[3],[26],[30],[31],[32] An earlier presentation of a VSD, usually within the first 24 h, is possibly associated with a worse prognosis irrespective of thrombolytic therapy because if a VSD occurs early the MI is more likely to be larger and hemorrhagic than if the VSD occurs late.[33] There is a reduction in the number of patients developing a late postinfarction VSD after thrombolytic therapy, while the number of patients developing an early postinfarction VSD is not reduced to the same degree. Rhydwen et al. however, were of the opinion that the acceleration in postinfarction VSD formation after thrombolytic therapy may not be a hemorrhagic complication or reperfusion injury. The role of increased collagen breakdown due to increased plasmin levels remains unclear. This mechanism requires further investigation, although the low incidence of this complication makes this difficult.
Three (18.75%) of the surviving 16 patients have a residual VSD detected postoperatively. We did not detect an increase in mortality associated with a residual shunt. This observation is in agreement with Deja and colleagues and Davies et al.[17],[29] Two of the patients with a residual VSD are currently in NYHA class I-II and one in NYHA class III.
In our series, 3 out of 6 patients who died (50%) and 2 out of surviving 15 patients (13.5%) had preoperative renal failure. RRT was used in 4 patients. Preoperative renal failure was found to be strongly associated with mortality (P = 0.02).[11]
Short-term mortality with post-MI-VSD is significant. However, those who survive the surgical repair often have a good long-term functional outcome. Indeed, in our series with a mean follow-up of 5 years, all 16 patients who survived until discharge are alive. On EQ-5D questionnaire: 15 patients indicated having no problems in any of the dimensions and 1 reported moderate discomfort as well as anxiety/depression and pain. Our findings are supported by a few of the studies that reported favorable long-term functional outcomes on successful post-MI-VSD.[17],[18],[24],[29],[33]
The small sample size is the limitation of our study and therefore lacks statistical power to identify potential risk factors contributing to early mortality and residual VSD.
Since the occurrence of postinfarction VSR is relatively rare, the small sample size underpowered the statistical analysis and could have limited the number of statistically significant variables. A prospective multicenter study incorporating a larger sample size would be useful to assess the prognostic value of the risk factors identified.
Surgical correction of this condition has been associated with significant adverse outcomes. Despite this, good midterm functional outcomes, quality of life, and survival are observed in patients discharged from the hospital. Residual VSD is a relatively common complication post-surgery; however, this may not adversely affect survival and does not appear to affect the midterm functional status if the shunt is small.
David TE, Armstrong S. Surgical repair of postinfarction ventricular septal defect by infarct exclusion. Semin Thoraccardiovasc Surg 1998;10:105-10.
Hill JD, Stiles QR. Acute ischemic ventricular septal defect [review]. Circulation 1989;79(Suppl I):112-5.
Crenshaw BS, Granger CB, Birnbaum Y, Pieper KS, Morris DC, Kleiman NS, et al. Risk factors, angiographic patterns, and outcome in patients with ventricular septal defect complicating acute myocardial infarction. GUSTO-I (Global utilization of streptokinase and TPA for occluded coronary arteries) Trial investigators. Circulation 2000;101:27-32.
Pretre R, Rickli H, Ye Q, Benedikt P, Turina M. Frequency of collateral blood flow in the infarct-related coronary-artery in rupture of the ventricular septum after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2000;85:497-9.
Latham PM. Lectures on Subjects Connected with Clinical Medicine Comprising Diseases of the Heart. London: Longman Rees; 1845. p. 168-74.
Brunn F. Diagnostik der erworbenenruptur der kammerscheidewand des herzens. Wien Arch Inn Med 1923;6:533-44.
Sager R. Coronary thrombosis: Perforation of the infarcted interventricular septum. Arch Intern Med 1934;53:140-52.
Cooley DA, Belmonte BA, Zeis LB, Schnur S. Surgical repair of ruptured interventricular septum following acute myocardial infarction. Surgery 1957;41:930-7.
Davies RH, Dawkins KD, Skillington PD, Lewington V, Monro JL, Lamb RK, et al. Late functional results after surgical closure of acquired ventricular septal defect. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993;106:592-8.
Deville C, Fontan F, Chevalier JM, Madonna F, Ebner A, Besse P. Surgery of post-infarction ventricular septal defect: Risk factors for hospital death and long-term results. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1991;5:167-75.
Vargas-Barrón J, Molina-Carrión M, Romero-Cárdenas A, Roldán FJ, Medrano GA, Avila-Casado C, et al. Risk factors, echocardiographic patterns, and outcomes in patients with acute ventricular septal rupture during myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2005;95:1153-8.
Pang PY, Sin YK, Lim CH, Tan TE, Lim SL, Chao VT, et al. Outcome and survival analysis of surgical repair of post-infarction ventricular septal rupture. J Cardiothorac Surg 2013;8:44.
Daggett WM, Guyton RA, Mundth ED, Buckley MJ, McEnany MT, Gold HK, et al. Surgery for postmyocardial infarct ventricular septal defect. Ann Surg 1977;186:260-71.
Labrousse L, Choukroun E, Chevalier JM, Madonna F, Robertie F, Merlico F, et al. Surgery for post infarction ventricular septal defect (VSD): Risk factors for hospital death and long term results. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002;21:725-32.
von Segesser LK, Siebenmann R, Schneider K, Jenni R, Gallino A, Turina M. Postinfaction ventricular septal defect. Surgical strategies and results. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989;37:72-5.
Killen DA, Piehler JM, Borkon AM, Gorton ME, Reed WA. Early repair of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture. Ann Thorac Surg1997;63:138-42.
Deja MA, Szostek J, Widenka K, Szafron B, Spyt TJ, Hickey MS, et al. Post infarction ventricular septal defect—Can we do better? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2000;18:194-201.
Dalrymple-Hay MJ, Monro JL, Livesey SA, Lamb RK. Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture: The Wessex experience. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;10:111-6.
Jones MT, Schofield PM, Dark JF, Moussalli H, Deiraniya AK, Lawson RA, et al. Surgical repair of acquired ventricular septal defect. Determinants of early and late outcome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1987;93:680-6.
Skillington PD, Davies RH, Luff AJ, Williams JD, Dawkins KD, Conway N, et al. Surgical treatment for infarct-related ventricular septal defects. Improved early results combined with analysis of late functional status. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990;99:798-808.
David TE, Dale L, Sun Z. Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture: Repair by endocardial patch with infarct exclusion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;110:1315-22.
Moore CA, Nygaard TW, Kaiser DL, Cooper AA, Gibson RS. Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture: The importance of location of infarction and right ventricular function in determining survival. Circulation 1986;74:45-55.
Wiemers P, Harvey R, Khatun M, Mundy J, Peters P, Shah P. Management and midterm outcomes of post-infarction ventricular septal defect. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2012;20:663-8.
Alvarez JM, Brady PW, Ross DE. Technical improvements in the repair of acute postinfarction ventricular septal rupture. J Card Surg 1992;7:198-202.
Becker RC, Charlesworth A, Wilcox RG, Hampton J, Skene A, Gore JM, et al. Cardiac rupture associated with thrombolytic therapy: Impact of time to treatment in the Late assessment of thrombolytic efficacy (LATE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25:1063-8.
Becker RC, Gore JM, Lambrew C, Weaver WD, Rubison RM, French WJ, et al. A composite view of cardiac rupture in the United States national registry of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:1321-6.
Edwards BS, Edwards WD, Edwards JE. Ventricular septal rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction: Identification of simple and complex types in 53 autopsied hearts. Am J Cardiol 1984;54:1201-5.
Rhydwen GR, Charman S, Schofield PM. Influence of thrombolytic therapy on the patterns of ventricular septal rupture after acute myocardial infarction. Postgrad Med J 2002;78:408-12.
Feneley MP, Chang VP, O'Rourke MF. Myocardial rupture after acute myocardial infarction. Ten year review. Br Heart J 1983;49:550-6.
Lewis AJ, Burchell HB, Titus JL. Clinical and pathologic features of postinfarction cardiac rupture. Am J Cardiol 1969;23:43-53.
Samarjit Bisoyi
Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology, Apollo Hospitals, Sainik School Road, Plot No. 251, Bhubaneswar - 751 005, Odisha
DOI: 10.4103/aca.ACA_119_19
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5]
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© Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Online since 5th January, 2008


text:
Who Is Molly Ephraim and What Is She Doing Now Since Leaving Last Man Standing?
By Uwa Echebiri
Molly Ephraim is an American actress that is best known for playing Ali in "Paranormal Activity 2" and Wendy Greenhut in the 2008 film "College Road Trip," she has made several appearances in small and big screen productions including, TV film and Broadway productions. The American actress was born in Philadelphia and raised in Bucks County, Pennsylvania.
Last Man Standing's Molly Ephraim is best described as a chic actress whose love for entertainment has taken her very far in her career. She is known for her role as Irene Kelly in the 2018 biographical political drama The Front Runner and also as Alexa Vonn in the 2017 American period drama TV series Halt and Catch Fire.
Molly has within her short career garnered many fans for herself as a result of her acting prowess. The beautiful actress is also famed for playing Mandy Baxter (daughter of Mike Baxter) in the ABC sitcom series Last Man Standing which premiered in 2011 and ended abruptly in 2017 following its cancellation.
By 2018, Last Man Standing was revived by Fox but Ephraim decided not to continue on the show's seventh season and this left fans perplexed and wondering why she opted out.
Since she left Last Man Standing, Molly Ephraim featured in Brockmire, Halt and Catch Fire, Modern Family, and Hulu's The Act. She also took up a recurring role as the bartender in Brockmire sometime in 2017
Here you will find out more about Molly Ephraim and the reason she did not come back for the seventh season of Last Man Standing.
Biography and Profile Summary
36 years old (May 22, 1986)
5 feet, 1 inch (1.55 m)
Ashkenazi Jewish
Husband or Boyfriend: N/A
Parents: Father: William F. Ephraim
Mother: Nina Z. Ephraim
Molly Ephraim's Fact Card
Why Molly Ephraim Was Replaced in the Last Man Standing
In 2017, after the 6th season of Last Man Standing, there was a break in production because of some changes made by ABC network who aired the show. ABC studios shut down the Last Man Standing series and all the actors and actresses on the series had to find new jobs.
During this period, Molly Ephraim landed new roles and was cast as a bartender in Brockmire and as Alexa Vonn in Halt and Catch Fire. She also starred as Lorraine in a TV movie, Parked – the same year Last Man standing came to an abrupt end.
So when the Last Man Standing returned in 2018, Ephraim could not return as Mandy Baxter because she was loaded with lots of other projects. The only choice, therefore, was to replace her with another actress, Molly McCook. Fans couldn't help but notice the different-looking Mandy, it was then obvious that Molly Ephraim had left the show.
How Is The Show Faring Without Her?
At first, the producers were at loss at what to do, however, they were faced with two choices. They could either eliminate the Mandy Baxter character from the script or recast with a new actress.
Fox opted for the later which caused an uproar as viewers wondered how Fox could choose to recast such a popular character. It was a dicey move and but it proved worthwhile – despite initial misgivings from fans – as the series was dubbed "one of television's most popular comedies" by Michael Throne, Fox's President of Entertainment.
Where is Molly Ephraim Now and What is She Doing?
Molly Ephraim definitely did not remain idle during Last Man Standing's long break. She took up a recurring role as the bartender in Brockmire sometime in 2017.
Molly was also seen playing the role of Alexa Vonn in AMC's Halt and Catch Fire in 2017 and the next year, she was seen in the movie, Casual. She starred as Irene Kelly alongside Hugh Jackman in Jason Reitman's 2018 movie The Frontrunner. Last Man Standing's Molly Ephraim was also cast in the 2019 movie, The Act where she depicted the role of Gypsy's Lawyer.
Apart from being busy with her career, the former Last Man Standing star is also having a good time in her personal life. Since leaving the show, there have been rumors about Molly being in a relationship with her colleague in the Last Man Standing, Christoph Sanders. She has also made mention of him on her Instagram page but we cannot ascertain how true or serious the relationship is.
Molly Ephraim Has Built A Great Career For Herself Since Her Birth
Molly Ephraim was born on the 22nd of May, 1986 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to William Ephraim and Nina Zebooker. She grew up in a Jewish home at the Bucks County, together with her brother Max Ephraim. As a child, she performed in plays at the Bucks County Playhouse and as a teenager, she performed in professional productions at Arden Theater Company and Prince Music Theater, both facilities are in Philadelphia.
In 2002, when Molly was just 15 years old, she starred as Little Red Riding Hood which marked her debut performance with Broadway. For her act in the theatrical, she was nominated for a Drama League Award. Two years later, she played Bielke in a revival of Fiddler on the Roof a Broadway production. In 2008, Ephraim graduated from Princeton University with a B.A in Religious Studies. During her university days, she performed in as well as choreographed in various shows.
She was cast as Olive in the Barrington Stage Company's 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee (2008), as Rachel Stein in Ensemble Studio Theatre's, End Days (2009), and Anne Frank in Westport Country Playhouse's, Diary of Anne Frank.
In addition to Last Man Standing and other shows mentioned above, Molly has also made appearances in other popular television series which include:
Hench at Home (2003)
Law & Order (2008)
Royal Pains (2009)
The Wonderful Maladys (2009)
Most recently, Ephraim appeared as Irene Kelly in the biographical political drama The Front Runner.
She had also played the role of Gypsy Rose in The Act on Hulu but her role as Mandy Baxter in the first six original series of Last Man Standing was what exposed her to the limelight.
First Name: Molly
Last Name: Ephraim
Famous For: 'Last Man Standing' (2011–2017)
B.A. in Religious Studies
5feet, 1inch(1.55 m)
50 Kg(110lbs)
Breast Size: 35 inches (89 cm)
Waist Size: 24 inches (61 cm)
Hips Size: 32 inches (81 cm)
William F. Ephraim
Siblings: Max (Brother)
Uwa Echebiri
Uwa has extensive professional writing experience including report and technical writing, product reviews, informational and persuasive articles, creative and content writing on nearly any topic. As a lifelong movie buff, Uwa is either bingeing on new movies during leisure, or giving someone a whopping on the latest FIFA edition
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Differentiated instruction (DI) is a hot term these days, but it's actually been around for a while.
In its simplest form, Differentiated Instruction is a way to reach every child at his or her own level.
There are also technology tools that can help, but nothing replaces the empathetic educator.


Stock plots are currently daily resolution only. Its on our "todo" list to make them higher resolution :) We could make it use hourly plots pretty easily. I'll check into it with @Gustavo.
+1 for this. This would be quite useful in testing whether or not our intra-day strategies have correct and intended entries.
Can the custom charting now display hourly plots? If I clone the charting sample and plot each hourly price I only seem to get daily results. Apologies if I am missing something obvious.
Hi KyleHR, the candles we see in the charts results of a combination of single closing prices over a period and not really OHLC information.
We have created a GitHub issue to enable candle charts using TradeBar and will implement it as soon as possible.
Thanks Alexandre that sounds realy good. And did hourly plots get implemented? I am referring to Jarred's comment "We could make it use hourly plots pretty easily. I'll check into it with @Gustavo.".
Hourly plots have been implemented but, as Alex mentioned, not yet for candles. If the backtest window is large, then you'll have to zoom in on the chart for the hourly data to register but the plot is at the same resolution as the data subscription.


You will no doubt be delighted to learn that Faustus is coming home today. I am sure he will have many exciting tales of Prague, or wherever he went. Whatever he chooses to reveal, he will want his blog back.
I am not certain I am ready to surrender it. Blog whore that he is, he has managed to build up a readership by means I am too lazy to duplicate. Now, his audience is mine, mine, mine!
Goblin: Gee, Daddy, what do you want to do tonight, then?
Me: The same thing we do every night, Goblin! Try to take over the world!!!!!
I need to go take Goblin for a walk now. You all must promise to visit us at http://upsidedownhippo.blogspot.com.


text:
Alexander Antonowitsch Stuckenberg (; *  in Wyschni Wolotschok, Gouvernement Twer; †  in Kasan) war ein russischer Geologe, Paläontologe und Hochschullehrer.

Leben
Stuckenbergs Vater Anton Iwanowitsch Stuckenberg war Ingenieur und Bauleiter der Nikolaibahn. Der Großvater Johann Christian Stuckenberg aus Blankenburg im Herzogtum Oldenburg trat 1807 in den russischen Militärdienst und wurde als Geograph bekannt.

Der junge Stuckenberg erhielt seine Bildung zunächst zu Hause und dann im St. Petersburger Pensionat Keller. 1856 begann er das Studium am St. Petersburger Institut für Verkehrsingenieurwesen. Da ihn die technischen Wissenschaften nicht befriedigten, verließ er 1861 das Institut, um sich den Naturwissenschaften zu widmen. Nur kurz konnte er als Gasthörer an der Universität St. Petersburg  Vorlesungen besuchen, da die Universität dann zeitweise geschlossen wurde. Im September 1862 bestand er am 2. Charkower Gymnasium die Abschlussprüfung, so dass er nun Student an der Universität Charkow in der physikalisch-mathematischen Fakultät werden konnte. Nach einem Jahr kehrte er an die Universität St. Petersburg zurück und studierte insbesondere Mineralogie bei Platon Alexandrowitsch Pusyrewski und Geologie bei Eduard Iwanowitsch Hofman. Bei seiner ersten geologischen Exkursion unter Pusyrewskis Leitung nach Finnland und ins Gouvernement Olonez mit Untersuchungen am Nordufer des Ladogasees sammelte er Material für seine Kandidat-Dissertation, mit der er  1867 das Studium als Kandidat abschloss.

Stuckenberg bereitete sich nun auf eine Professur vor. Ab 1870 bereiste er die Krim und führte Exkursionen in die Gouvernements St, Petersburg, Nowgorod, Pskow und Witebsk durch. 1873 wurde er mit seiner Dissertation über die Geologie der Krim zum Magister der Mineralogie und Geognosie promoviert.

Darauf wurde Stuckenberg auf Anraten der Universität Kasan 1873 als Dozent auf den Lehrstuhl für Geologie und Paläontologie der Universität Kasan berufen. Infolgedessen war er nun genötigt, vorerst die beabsichtigten Untersuchungen des Devons aufzugeben und sich auf die Geologie des Ostens des europäischen Russlands zu konzentrieren. Er bereiste die Gouvernements Kasan, Perm, Wjatka, Simbirsk, Samara, Saratow, Orenburg und Astrachan. Er besuchte Baku, Krasnowodsk und die Insel Tscheleken an der Ostküste des Kaspischen Meeres. 1874 wurde er Vizepräsident der Gesellschaft der Naturforscher an der Universität Kasan (1880 Präsident). 1875 verteidigte er seine Doktor-Dissertation über seine Reisen in das Petschora-Gebiet und die Timan-Tundra, worauf er Außerordentlicher Professor auf dem Lehrstuhl für Geologie und Paläontologie der Universität Kasan wurde (1876 Ordentlicher Professor). 1878 wurde er Mitglied der Kasaner Gesellschaft für Geschichte, Archäologie und Ethnographie, die eine eigene Zeitschrift herausgab. 1882 beteiligte er sich an den Arbeiten im Ural-Gebiet und in den Gouvernements Perm und Orenburg zur Erstellung einer geologischen Karte des europäischen Russlands. 1898 wurde er als Verdienter Professor geehrt. Nach seinem Tode wurde sein Lehrstuhl von Pjotr Iwanowitsch Krotow übernommen.

Ehrungen
 Russischer Orden der Heiligen Anna II. Klasse (1887)
 Sankt-Stanislaus-Orden I. Klasse (1890) zusammen mit der Goldmedaille des Komitees der Kasaner Ausstellung für Wissenschaft und Gewerbe

Einzelnachweise

Geologe (19. Jahrhundert)
Paläontologe
Hochschullehrer (Staatliche Universität Kasan)
Russe
Geboren 1844
Gestorben 1905
Mann


The Cronulla Sharks have gone down to the Sydney Roosters 44-24 in their Holden Cup matchup at Remondis Stadium.
The highly anticipated battle between the two number sevens, Fa'amanu Brown and Jackson Hastings, didn't disappoint with the Roosters halfback showing why he is being touted as the next big thing and the Sharks playmaker again leading the way for his team.
The Sharks got off to a quick start, when Valentine Holmes made a break on the opening kickoff. Off the back of a quick play the ball, winger Joshua Addo-Carr raced away to score in the opening minute of play.
Holmes was unable to convert the try, leaving the scores at 4-0.
Cronulla was in again in the 14th minute, when Jake Lawrence found an overlap on the left hand side, passing to Taylar Garrett in the centres, who scored untouched.
Again Holmes was unable to add the extras, leaving them the Sharks at 8-0.
Lawrence was in the mix again shortly after, spreading it into halfback Brown, who crossed with 20 minutes gone.
The Roosters picked up their first points of the game 13 minutes from the break, front rower Jake Lewis crashing over under the posts, leaving three Sharks players in his way.
Hastings converted the easy kick, bringing the Roosters to within eight points.
An exchange of passing between Brendan Elliot and Hastings moments later lead to the visitors second try, with Elliot diving over under the posts, Hastings adding the two points to send the Roosters in only two points behind at half time.
The Roosters took the lead four minutes into the second half, when Jack Goodsell dove over out wide, leaving Jackson a conversion from the sideline, which he knocked over with ease.
The Sharks hit straight back, when a Brown across field kick finding a high flying Dallas Wells in the corner, who came down with it to tie the scores up at 18 all after 49 minutes.
Again, Holmes was unable to add the extras, leaving the scores level.
A no look pass from Holmes out of dummy half to Sage Wilder saw the Sharks lock crashing over just to the left of the upright and when Holmes made his first conversion of the afternoon the Sharks had a converted try lead with 22 minutes remaining.
A jinking run from the Roosters Alex Thomas from dummy half had the home side on the back foot, before he passed it wide to Arthur Currie, who got the ball down in an acrobatic piece of football.
Hastings continued his perfect night with the boot, knocking down the kick from the sideline, and leveling the scores again with 20 minutes remaining before fulltime.
Off the ensuing kickoff, Hastings managed to intercept a desperation pass in field from the Cronulla winger, before offloading to Piki Rogers, before the Roosters number seven capped off an individual piece of brilliance, slotting the 2 points from out wide, giving his team a converted try lead with 16 minutes remaining.
Roosters fullback Nene Macdonald sliced his way through the Cronulla line eight minutes later, getting around his opposite number to score under the posts, giving Hastings yet another easy two points, and the visitors a 36-24 lead.
Two tries to the Roosters in the final five minutes of play secured a comprehensive 44-24 victory for the visitors and capped a disappointing final period of the match for the Sharks.
The Sharks are now three wins from their seven matches in the NYC this season.


text:
Nathan Schwalb (* 1. April 1908 in Stanislau, Galizien, Österreich-Ungarn; † 24. März 2004 in Tel Aviv) war ein jüdischer Gewerkschafter, Delegierter des Hechaluz und der Histadrut, der als treibende Kraft des zionistischen Rettungswiderstandes seit 1939 von Genf aus mindestens 200 000 Juden vor dem Tod im Holocaust bewahren konnte.

Leben

Er war der Sohn eines Sprach- und Religionsprofessors am dortigen jüdischen Gymnasium und einer Privatlehrerin, besuchte die Schule bis zur Matura und wurde Mitglied in verbotenen jüdischen Vereinigungen, u. a. Makkabi Hazair, Gordonia (deren Mitgründer er auch war) und Hechaluz.

Er studierte drei Semester die Rechte in Lemberg und wanderte 1929 nach Palästina aus.

Dort beteiligte er sich am Wiederaufbau des von Arabern zerstörten Kibbuz Chulda und begann seine Mitarbeit in der jüdischen Gewerkschaftsbewegung Histadrut, für die er 1938 bis 1939 Delegierter in Prag und Wien wurde, von wo aus er versuchte, möglichst vielen Juden die Auswanderung nach Palästina zu ermöglichen.

Im Jahr 1939 nahm er am 21. Zionistenkongress in Genf, dem letzten vor Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkriegs, teil und war Hauptmotor des Aufbaus der neuen Weltzentrale des Hechaluz in Genf. Bis 1945 organisierte er, in Zusammenarbeit mit Saly Mayer vom JOINT, der Führungsfigur des Schweizer Judentums, und dem Schweizerischen Roten Kreuz, Unterstützungs- und Rettungsaktionen für die vom Tod bedrohten Juden in Europa.

1941 wurden sein Vater und seine Geschwister in Stanislaw von der Gestapo erschossen. 1945 kehrte er in den Kibbuz Chulda zurück und wurde dort ein leitendes Mitglied, ab 1946 war er wieder Histadrut-Delegierter und Verbindungsmann zu diversen Gewerkschaften in Europa.

Nathan Schwalb, der, einst ausgestattet mit einem phänomenalen Gedächtnis, in den letzten Lebensmonaten an Alzheimer litt, starb im Jahr 2004 in Tel Aviv.

Würdigung

Seine Lebensleistung ist nahezu unbekannt und wurde nie ausreichend gewürdigt, was auch damit zusammenhängt, dass er nach dem Krieg über Jahrzehnte hinweg keinerlei Auskünfte gab und die Informationen seines Archivs geheim hielt, um das Ziel des Zionismus, das Entstehen eines jüdischen Staates Israel in Palästina, nicht durch selbstzerfleischende Schulddiskussionen zu gefährden.

1954 war Nathan Schwalb in politische Ungnade gefallen, da er seinem alten Freund und Protégé, Pinchas Lawon, die Treue hielt, als dieser in der Lawon-Affäre von David Ben-Gurion als Verteidigungsminister gestürzt wurde. Ben-Gurion hatte Lawon für eine gescheiterte Mossad-Aktion in Kairo verantwortlich gemacht. Damit wurde auch Nathan Schwalb eine persona non grata. Sein Rettungswerk geriet in Vergessenheit.

Literatur

 Arno Lustiger, Zum Kampf auf Leben und Tod! Das Buch vom Widerstand der Juden in Europa 1933–1945, Köln 1994

Weblinks

Person im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Schweiz)
Person des Judentums (Schweiz)
Person (Judenretter)
Person (Zionismus)
Histadrut-Funktionär
Emigrant
Israeli
Österreicher
Geboren 1908
Gestorben 2004
Mann


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Q: How do I force a CVC check in the Stripe API? Reading the documentation, I saw that I need to create a customer if I want to check a card's info without having to charge it. But the CVC/CVV verification process always returns:

cvc_verification : unavailable

How can I force this process ?
const costumer = sk_stripe.customers.create({
  source : result.id, //this is the token
  email : "email@gmail.com",
  cvc_verification : true // something like this maybe?
})

By the way, I'm using live keys.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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