To navigate to specific sections of the law in the text of the law below, click on chapter or section titles in the Table of Contents. Where one section of the law cites another section, those references are also navigable links.
Section 306. Nature of document.
Section 501. Scope of chapter.
Section 504. Regulations and policies.
Section 507. Retention of records.
Section 705. Creation of record.
Section 707. Production of certain records.
Section 902. Extension of time.
Section 1301. Commonwealth, legislative and judicial agencies.
Section 1309. Practice and procedure.
Section 1310. Office of Open Records.
Section 1503. Contents of report.
Section 1504. Copies and posting.
Section 1701. Submission and retention of contracts.
Section 1702. Public availability of contracts.
Section 3101.1. Relation to other law or judicial actions.
This act shall be known and may be cited as the Right-to-Know Law.
"Administrative proceeding." A proceeding by an agency the outcome of which is required to be based on a record or documentation prescribed by law or in which a statute or regulation is particularized in application to individuals. The term includes an appeal.
"Agency." A Commonwealth agency, a local agency, a judicial agency or a legislative agency.
"Aggregated data." A tabulation of data which relate to broad classes, groups or categories so that it is not possible to distinguish the properties of individuals within those classes, groups or categories.
(1) For a Commonwealth agency or a local agency, the appeals officer designated under section 503(a).
(2) For a judicial agency, the individual designated under section 503(b).
(3) For a legislative agency, the individual designated under section 503(c).
(4) For the Attorney General, State Treasurer, Auditor General and local agencies in possession of criminal investigative records, the individual designated under section 503(d).
(ii) The Office of Attorney General, the Department of the Auditor General and the Treasury Department.
(iii) An organization established by the Constitution of Pennsylvania, a statute or an executive order which performs or is intended to perform an essential governmental function.
(2) The term does not include a judicial or legislative agency.
(2) the disclosure of which would cause substantial harm to the competitive position of the person that submitted the information.
(ii) an agency's acquisition, use or disposal of services, supplies, materials, equipment or property.
(2) The salary or other payments or expenses paid to an officer or employee of an agency, including the name and title of the officer or employee.
(3) A financial audit report. The term does not include work papers underlying an audit.
(8) research on next-generation securities technologies.
"Independent agency." Any board, commission or other agency or officer of the Commonwealth, that is not subject to the policy supervision and control of the Governor. The term does not include a legislative or judicial agency.
"Judicial agency." A court of the Commonwealth or any other entity or office of the unified judicial system.
(2) The House of Representatives.
(3) The Capitol Preservation Committee.
(4) The Center for Rural Pennsylvania.
(5) The Joint Legislative Air and Water Pollution Control and Conservation Committee.
(6) The Joint State Government Commission.
(7) The Legislative Budget and Finance Committee.
(8) The Legislative Data Processing Committee.
(9) The Independent Regulatory Review Commission.
(10) The Legislative Reference Bureau.
(11) The Local Government Commission.
(12) The Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing.
(13) The Legislative Reapportionment Commission.
(14) The Legislative Office of Research Liaison.
(15) The Legislative Audit Advisory Commission.
(2) A bill or resolution that has been introduced and amendments offered thereto in committee or in legislative session, including resolutions to adopt or amend the rules of a chamber.
(5) The journal of a chamber.
(6) The minutes of, record of attendance of members at a public hearing or a public committee meeting and all recorded votes taken in a public committee meeting.
(7) The transcript of a public hearing when available.
(9) The rules of a chamber.
(10) A record of all recorded votes taken in a legislative session.
(11) Any administrative staff manuals or written policies.
(13) Final or annual reports required by law to be submitted to the General Assembly.
(14) Legislative Budget and Finance Committee reports.
(15) Daily Legislative Session Calendars and marked calendars.
(16) A record communicating to an agency the official appointment of a legislative appointee.
(17) A record communicating to the appointing authority the resignation of a legislative appointee.
(18) Proposed regulations, final-form regulations and final-omitted regulations submitted to a legislative agency.
(19) The results of public opinion surveys, polls, focus groups, marketing research or similar efforts designed to measure public opinion funded by a legislative agency.
(1) Any political subdivision, intermediate unit, charter school, cyber charter school or public trade or vocational school.
(2) Any local, intergovernmental, regional or municipal agency, authority, council, board, commission or similar governmental entity.
"Office of Open Records." The Office of Open Records established in section 1310.
"Personal financial information." An individual's personal credit, charge or debit card information; bank account information; bank, credit or financial statements; account or PIN numbers and other information relating to an individual's personal finances.
"Privilege." The attorney-work product doctrine, the attorney-client privilege, the doctor-patient privilege, the speech and debate privilege or other privilege recognized by a court interpreting the laws of this Commonwealth.
"Record." Information, regardless of physical form or characteristics, that documents a transaction or activity of an agency and that is created, received or retained pursuant to law or in connection with a transaction, business or activity of the agency. The term includes a document, paper, letter, map, book, tape, photograph, film or sound recording, information stored or maintained electronically and a data-processed or image- processed document.
"Requester." A person that is a legal resident of the United States and requests a record pursuant to this act. The term includes an agency.
"Response." Access to a record or an agency's written notice to a requester granting, denying or partially granting and partially denying access to a record.
"Social services." Cash assistance and other welfare benefits, medical, mental and other health care services, drug and alcohol treatment, adoption services, vocational services and training, occupational training, education services, counseling services, workers' compensation services and unemployment compensation services, foster care services, services for the elderly, services for individuals with disabilities and services for victims of crimes and domestic violence.
and the Pennsylvania Educational Facilities Authority.
The term does not include a State-related institution.
(2) The University of Pittsburgh.
(3) The Pennsylvania State University.
(3) affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination or kidnapping.
The term includes data processing software obtained by an agency under a licensing agreement prohibiting disclosure.
(a) Requirement. — A Commonwealth agency shall provide public records in accordance with this act.
(b) Prohibition. — A Commonwealth agency may not deny a requester access to a public record due to the intended use of the public record by the requester unless otherwise provided by law.
(a) Requirement. — A local agency shall provide public records in accordance with this act.
(b) Prohibition. — A local agency may not deny a requester access to a public record due to the intended use of the public record by the requester unless otherwise provided by law.
(a) Requirement. — A legislative agency shall provide legislative records in accordance with this act.
(b) Prohibition. — A legislative agency may not deny a requester access to a legislative record due to the intended use of the legislative record by the requester.
(a) Requirement. — A judicial agency shall provide financial records in accordance with this act or any rule or order of court providing equal or greater access to the records.
(b) Prohibition. — A judicial agency may not deny a requester access to a financial record due to the intended use of the financial record by the requester.
(3) the record is exempt from disclosure under any other Federal or State law or regulation or judicial order or decree.
(3) the record is exempt from disclosure under any other Federal or State law, regulation or judicial order or decree.
Nothing in this act shall supersede or modify the public or nonpublic nature of a record or document established in Federal or State law, regulation or judicial order or decree.
This chapter applies to all agencies.
(1) An agency shall designate an official or employee to act as the open-records officer.
(2) For a legislative agency other than the Senate or the House of Representatives, the open-records officer designated by the Legislative Reference Bureau shall serve as the open-records officer. Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a political party caucus of a legislative agency may appoint an open-records officer under this section.
(1) The open-records officer shall receive requests submitted to the agency under this act, direct requests to other appropriate persons within the agency or to appropriate persons in another agency, track the agency's progress in responding to requests and issue interim and final responses under this act.
(ii) Compute the day on which the five-day period under section 901 will expire and make a notation of that date on the written request.
(iii) Maintain an electronic or paper copy of a written request, including all documents submitted with the request until the request has been fulfilled. If the request is denied, the written request shall be maintained for 30 days or, if an appeal is filed, until a final determination is issued under section 1101(b) or the appeal is deemed denied.
(iv) Create a file for the retention of the original request, a copy of the response, a record of written communications with the requester and a copy of other communications. This subparagraph shall only apply to Commonwealth agencies.
(b) Judicial agencies. — A judicial agency shall designate an appeals officer to hear appeals under Chapter 11.
(1) Except as set forth in paragraph (2), the Legislative Reference Bureau shall designate an appeals officer to hear appeals under Chapter 11 for all legislative agencies.
(ii) The House of Representatives.
(1) The Attorney General, State Treasurer and Auditor General shall each designate an appeals officer to hear appeals under Chapter 11.
(2) The district attorney of a county shall designate one or more appeals officers to hear appeals under Chapter 11 relating to access to criminal investigative records in possession of a local agency of that county. The appeals officer designated by the district attorney shall determine if the record requested is a criminal investigative record.
(a) Authority. — An agency may promulgate regulations and policies necessary for the agency to implement this act. The Office of Open Records may promulgate regulations relating to appeals involving a Commonwealth agency or local agency.
(2) Contact information for the Office of Open Records or other applicable appeals officer.
(3) A form which may be used to file a request.
(4) Regulations, policies and procedures of the agency relating to this act.
(a) Commonwealth and local agencies. — The Office of Open Records shall develop a uniform form which shall be accepted by all Commonwealth and local agencies in addition to any form used by the agency to file a request under this act. The uniform form shall be published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin and on the Office of Open Record's Internet website.
(b) Judicial agencies. — A judicial agency or the Administrative Office of Pennsylvania Courts may develop a form to request financial records or may accept a form developed by the Office of Open Records.
(c) Legislative agencies. — A legislative agency may develop a form to request legislative records or may accept the form developed by the Office of Open Records.
(1) An agency may deny a requester access to a record if the requester has made repeated requests for that same record and the repeated requests have placed an unreasonable burden on the agency.
(2) A denial under this subsection shall not restrict the ability to request a different record.
(ii) to historical, ancient or rare documents, records, archives and manuscripts when access may, in the professional judgment of the curator or custodian of records, cause physical damage or irreparable harm to the record.
(i) Federal or State law or regulation.
(ii) Judicial order or decree.
(2) The record is not protected by a privilege.
Nothing in this act shall be construed to modify, rescind or supersede any record retention policy or disposition schedule of an agency established pursuant to law, regulation, policy or other directive.
(b) Construction. — Nothing in this act shall be construed to require access to any computer either of an agency or individual employee of an agency.
Agencies may fulfill verbal, written or anonymous verbal or written requests for access to records under this act. If the requester wishes to pursue the relief and remedies provided for in this act, the request for access to records must be a written request.
A written request for access to records may be submitted in person, by mail, by e-mail, by facsimile or, to the extent provided by agency rules, any other electronic means. A written request must be addressed to the open-records officer designated pursuant to section 502. Employees of an agency shall be directed to forward requests for records to the open-records officer. A written request should identify or describe the records sought with sufficient specificity to enable the agency to ascertain which records are being requested and shall include the name and address to which the agency should address its response. A written request need not include any explanation of the requester's reason for requesting or intended use of the records unless otherwise required by law.
(1) In addition to the requirements of section 701, an agency may respond to a request by notifying the requester that the record is available through publicly accessible electronic means or that the agency will provide access to inspect the record electronically.
When responding to a request for access, an agency shall not be required to create a record which does not currently exist or to compile, maintain, format or organize a record in a manner in which the agency does not currently compile, maintain, format or organize the record.
If an agency determines that a public record, legislative record or financial record contains information which is subject to access as well as information which is not subject to access, the agency's response shall grant access to the information which is subject to access and deny access to the information which is not subject to access. If the information which is not subject to access is an integral part of the public record, legislative record or financial record and cannot be separated, the agency shall redact from the record the information which is not subject to access, and the response shall grant access to the information which is subject to access. The agency may not deny access to the record if the information which is not subject to access is able to be redacted. Information which an agency redacts in accordance with this subsection shall be deemed a denial under Chapter 9.
(a) General rule. — If, in response to a request, an agency produces a record that is not a public record, legislative record or financial record, the agency shall notify any third party that provided the record to the agency, the person that is the subject of the record and the requester.
(b) Requests for trade secrets. — An agency shall notify a third party of a request for a record if the third party provided the record and included a written statement signed by a representative of the third party that the record contains a trade secret or confidential proprietary information.
Notification shall be provided within five business days of receipt of the request for the record. The third party shall have five business days from receipt of notification from the agency to provide input on the release of the record. The agency shall deny the request for the record or release the record within ten business days of the provision of notice to the third party and shall notify the third party of the decision.
(1) Prior to an adjudication becoming final, binding and nonappealable, a transcript of an administrative proceeding shall be provided to a requester by the agency stenographer or a court reporter, in accordance with agency procedure or an applicable contract.
(2) Following an adjudication becoming final, binding and nonappealable, a transcript of an administrative proceeding shall be provided to a requester in accordance with the duplication rates established in section 1307(b).
(1) Upon a determination that one of the factors listed in subsection (a) applies, the open-records officer shall send written notice to the requester within five business days of receipt of the request for access under subsection (a).
(2) The notice shall include a statement notifying the requester that the request for access is being reviewed, the reason for the review, a reasonable date that a response is expected to be provided and an estimate of applicable fees owed when the record becomes available. If the date that a response is expected to be provided is in excess of 30 days, following the five business days allowed for in section 901, the request for access shall be deemed denied unless the requester has agreed in writing to an extension to the date specified in the notice.
(3) If the requester agrees to the extension, the request shall be deemed denied on the day following the date specified in the notice if the agency has not provided a response by that date.
(2) The specific reasons for the denial, including a citation of supporting legal authority.
(3) The typed or printed name, title, business address, business telephone number and signature of the open-records officer on whose authority the denial is issued.
(4) Date of the response.
If an agency's response grants a request for access, the agency shall, upon request, provide the requester with a certified copy of the record if the requester pays the applicable fees under section 1307.
If an agency response to a requester states that copies of the requested records are available for delivery at the office of an agency and the requester fails to retrieve the records within 60 days of the agency's response, the agency may dispose of any copies which have not been retrieved and retain any fees paid to date.
(b) Schedules. — No agency, public official or public employee shall be liable for civil or criminal damages or penalties under this act for complying with any written public record retention and disposition schedule.
(a) Postage. — Fees for postage may not exceed the actual cost of mailing.
(iii) by each legislative agency.
(2) The fees must be reasonable and based on prevailing fees for comparable duplication services provided by local business entities.
(3) Fees for local agencies may reflect regional price differences.
(4) The following apply to complex and extensive data sets, including geographic information systems or integrated property assessment lists.
(i) Fees for copying may be based on the reasonable market value of the same or closely related data sets.
(B) a request by a nonprofit organization for the conduct of educational research.
(iii) Information obtained under subparagraph (ii) shall be subject to paragraphs (1), (2) and (3).
(c) Certification. — An agency may impose reasonable fees for official certification of copies if the certification is at the behest of the requester and for the purpose of legally verifying the public record.
(d) Conversion to paper. — If a record is only maintained electronically or in other nonpaper media, duplication fees shall be limited to the lesser of the fee for duplication on paper or the fee for duplication in the original media as provided by subsection (b) unless the requester specifically requests for the record to be duplicated in the more expensive medium.
(e) Enhanced electronic access. — If an agency offers enhanced electronic access to records in addition to making the records accessible for inspection and duplication by a requester as required by this act, the agency may establish user fees specifically for the provision of the enhanced electronic access, but only to the extent that the enhanced electronic access is in addition to making the records accessible for inspection and duplication by a requester as required by this act. The user fees for enhanced electronic access may be a flat rate, a subscription fee for a period of time, a per-transaction fee, a fee based on the cumulative time of system access or any other reasonable method and any combination thereof. The user fees for enhanced electronic access must be reasonable, must be approved by the Office of Open Records and may not be established with the intent or effect of excluding persons from access to records or duplicates thereof or of creating profit for the agency.
(g) Limitations. — Except as otherwise provided by statute, no other fees may be imposed unless the agency necessarily incurs costs for complying with the request, and such fees must be reasonable. No fee may be imposed for an agency's review of a record to determine whether the record is a public record, legislative record or financial record subject to access in accordance with this act.
(h) Prepayment. — Prior to granting a request for access in accordance with this act, an agency may require a requester to prepay an estimate of the fees authorized under this section if the fees required to fulfill the request are expected to exceed $100.
(1) A limitation on the number of records which may be requested or made available for inspection or duplication.
(2) A requirement to disclose the purpose or motive in requesting access to records.
The provisions of 2 Pa.C.S. (relating to administrative law and procedure) shall not apply to this act unless specifically adopted by regulation or policy.
(1) Provide information relating to the implementation and enforcement of this act.
(2) Issue advisory opinions to agencies and requesters.
(3) Provide annual training courses to agencies, public officials and public employees on this act and 65 Pa.C.S. Ch. 7 (relating to open meetings).
(4) Provide annual, regional training courses to local agencies, public officials and public employees.
(i) Complete a training course provided by the Office of Open Records prior to acting as an appeals officer.
(ii) If a hearing is necessary, hold hearings regionally as necessary to ensure access to the remedies provided by this act.
(iii) Comply with the procedures under section 1102(b).
(6) Establish an informal mediation program to resolve disputes under this act.
(7) Establish an Internet website with information relating to this act, including information on fees, advisory opinions and decisions and the name and address of all open records officers in this Commonwealth.
(8) Conduct a biannual review of fees charged under this act.
(9) Annually report on its activities and findings to the Governor and the General Assembly. The report shall be posted and maintained on the Internet website established under paragraph (7).
(b) Executive director. — Within 90 days of the effective date of this section, the Governor shall appoint an executive director of the office who shall serve for a term of six years. Compensation shall be set by the Executive Board established under section 204 of the act of April 9, 1929 (P.L.177, No.175), known as The Administrative Code of 1929. The executive director may serve no more than two terms.
(c) Limitation. — The executive director shall not seek election nor accept appointment to any political office during his tenure as executive director and for one year thereafter.
(d) Staffing. — The executive director shall appoint attorneys to act as appeals officers and additional clerical, technical and professional staff as may be appropriate and may contract for additional services as necessary for the performance of the executive director's duties. The compensation of attorneys and other staff shall be set by the Executive Board. The appointment of attorneys shall not be subject to the act of October 15, 1980 (P.L.950, No.164), known as the Commonwealth Attorneys Act.
(e) Duties. — The executive director shall ensure that the duties of the Office of Open Records are carried out and shall monitor cases appealed to the Office of Open Records.
(f) Appropriation. — The appropriation for the office shall be in a separate line item and shall be under the jurisdiction of the executive director.
No later than May 30 of each year, a State-related institution shall file with the Governor's Office, the General Assembly, the Auditor General and the State Library the information set forth in section 1503.
A State-related institution shall maintain, for at least seven years, a copy of the report in the institution's library and shall provide free access to the report on the institution's Internet website.
(1) Each Commonwealth agency, legislative agency and judicial agency shall submit contracts in a form and structure mutually agreed upon by the Commonwealth agency, legislative agency or judicial agency and the State Treasurer.
(ii) Amount of the contract.
(iii) Beginning date of the contract.
(iv) End date of the contract, if applicable.
(v) Name of the agency entering into the contract.
(vi) The name of all parties executing the contract.
(vii) Subject matter of the contract.
Each agency shall create and maintain the data under this paragraph in an ASCII-delimited text file, spreadsheet file or other file provided by Treasury Department regulation.
(b) Retention. — Every contract filed pursuant to subsection (a) shall remain on file with the Treasury Department for a period of not less than four years after the end date of the contract.
(c) Accuracy. — Each Commonwealth agency, legislative agency and judicial agency is responsible for verifying the accuracy and completeness of the information that it submits to the State Treasurer. The contract provided to the Treasury Department pursuant to this chapter shall be redacted in accordance with applicable provisions of this act by the agency filing the contract to the Treasury Department.
(d) Applicability. — The provisions of this act shall not apply to copies of contracts submitted to the Treasury Department, the Office of Auditor General or other agency for purposes of audits and warrants for disbursements under section 307, 401, 402 or 403 of the act of April 9, 1929 (P.L.343, No.176), known as The Fiscal Code.
(a) General rule. — The Treasury Department shall make each contract filed pursuant to section 1701 available for public inspection either by posting a copy of the contract on the Treasury Department's publicly accessible Internet website or by posting a contract summary on the department's publicly accessible Internet website.
(b) Posting. — The Treasury Department shall post the information received pursuant to this chapter in a manner that allows the public to search contracts or contract summaries by the categories enumerated in section 1701(a)(2).
(c) Request to review or receive copy of contract. — The Treasury Department shall maintain a page on its publicly accessible Internet website that includes instructions on how to review a contract on the Internet website.
(d) Paper copy. — A paper copy of a contract may be requested from the agency that executed the contract in accordance with this act.
This Act shall apply to requests for information made after December 31, 2008.
Section 3101.1. Relation to other laws.
If the provisions of this act regarding access to records conflict with any other federal or state law, the provisions of this act shall not apply.
All provisions of this act are severable.
(i) The repeal under paragraph (2)(i) is necessary to effectuate Chapter 17.
(ii) The repeals under paragraph (2)(ii) and (iii) are necessary to effectuate this act.
(i) Section 1104 of the act of April 9, 1929 (P.L.177, No.175), known as The Administrative Code of 1929.
(ii) The act of June 21, 1957 (P.L.390, No.212), referred to as the Right-to-Know Law.
(iii) 62 Pa.C.S. § 106.
Notwithstanding 1 PA.C.S. § 1937(B), a reference in a statute or regulation to the act of June 21, 1957 (P.L.390, No.212), referred to as the Right-to-Know Law, shall be deemed a reference to this act.
(i) Sections 101, 102 and 1310.
(2) Chapters 15 and 17 and sections 3102(1)(I) and 3102(2)(I) shall take effect July 1, 2008.
(3) The remainder of this act shall take effect January 1, 2009.


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Address at the Opening Ceremony of the "30th Health Conference and the 7th Joint Review of Health Sector"
Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, International and National Guests,
Dear Participants!
Today, it is my great pleasure and honor to join you all, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, in the Opening Ceremony of the "30th Health Conference and the 7th Joint Review of Health Sector".
At the outset, I would like to warmly welcome and express my appreciation for the management and officials of the Ministry of Health (MoH) as well as all relevant ministries/institutions for exerting joint efforts to organize such an important conference aiming at reviewing the achievements and challenges of health sector in the past year and setting direction for effective implementation for the years ahead.
I am strongly convinced that all speakers' intervention and comprehensive discussion on each topic today will enable us to come up with great ideas which can be compiled as basic and comprehensive data for the preparation of strategies, policies, and development programs for the health sector.
I would like to highly evaluate the management, doctors, nurses, and all people working at the MoH, hospitals, health centers and posts, development partners, as well as all relevant ministries/institutions, for having jointly implemented health sector's policies and action plans with the aim of improving the efficiency of the provision of health service, consultation, treatment, and care for the people and for making huge progress in our health sector so far. This contributes not only to the promotion of reputation and people's confidence on our health care system but also to realize the development objectives of the "Rectangular Strategy" for growth, employment, equity, and efficiency for the cause of poverty reduction.
Indeed, the Royal Government of Cambodia still acknowledge that poverty reduction can not only be made possible through achieving high economic growth alone, because the promotion of social sector development also represent another important factor for promoting social equity which contributes to the eradication of social gap as well as improving the people's capacity and opportunity so that they can participate more in the development of the national economy. In this sense, a society is deemed to be strong when it has knowledgeable and health people, be able to reduce poverty and eliminate spreadable diseases, strictly abide by the principles of democracy, respect human rights, dignity and social justice which enable each of it's member to make progress base on their own abilities to participate in promoting economic growth and achieving sustainable development. Practically, good provision of health service will positively contribute to economic development because such service is the important determining factor for improving the productivity, employment, investment, and saving through enabling the people to receive good results from their education and training to support their livings.
Even though having a good health sector alone is not sufficient for achieving high economic growth, experiences of countries in the region have clearly shown that the improvement in health sector is a key factor among others which could bring about rapid socio-economic progress. In this spirit, I would like to stress once again that the Royal Government's health policy focuses not only on the aspect of the economy but it is the determination which derived from paying high attention on improving the overall wellbeing of the people so that they can live a good life.
It is because of this spirit that I still consider the strengthening of the people's capacity and paying close attention on their health as the most important agenda in response to the agenda of poverty reduction and the implementation of all sectoral reform programs. Without any doubt, with this framework the Royal Government will increase the use of public resources as well as trying to mobilize development cooperation financing and continue to encourage the private sector to increase investment in health sector aiming at promoting the people's health through providing health education, treatment, and prevention of diseases at urban and rural areas with the objective of reducing maternal and children mortality rate and preventing all kinds of spreadable diseases.
Through the implementation of the strategic plan and improvement programs of health service provision, a significant progress has been made in many health areas, including the improvement of maternal, children and infant health, the expansion of vaccination coverage such as tuberculoses, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles, hepatitis B, and lower infection rate of HIV Aids, dung fever and bird flu. Also, we have managed to improve the maternal and infant nutrition intakes through the strengthening of health system such as health financing, human resource development, improved information system and health governance, better supply, management, and use of medicines and utilities, and regulation of pharmacy and private services.
In this spirit, I would like to encourage all levels of health officials across the country to be committed to fulfilling your responsibility to achieve more flagship outcomes in restoring and expanding basic health infrastructure, developing institutional capacity and boosting human resources to support the expansion of health service coverage in order to address the people's needs for health service across the country. Along with this, I would like to show my high appreciation to development partners that provided both financial and technical support in order to improve health condition of the people which contributes to poverty reduction in the country. Indeed, this flagship achievement also stems from the development of institutional capacity and the unflinching implementation of socio-economic development policy with full support from the people, development partners and the private sector.
In overall, the people's health has been steadily improved along with the achievement of economic growth over the last decade. However, health issue remains a major challenge for all of us, especially maternal, infant and children health and the poor's access to health services. This requires the Ministry of Health and all related institutions and development partners to overcome upcoming obstacles to revitalize and increase the efficiency of health services to enhance major health indicators such as the reduction of maternal, child and infant mortality rate. In this context, I strongly believe that all levels of health officials will continue to implement their action plans with high responsibility in order to provide more effective and better quality health services and eliminate all discrimination in their professional conduct in order to promote people's welfare for the better.
While peace, political stability, and liberalization are taking deep root in strengthening macroeconomic stability and attracting investment which are the prerequisites to sustainable development and poverty reduction, the Royal Government still continue to undertake the strategic plan of health sector, provide vaccination and treatment services and build referral hospitals and health centers across the country to supply basic health services with efficiency, sustainability, equity and improved professional quality. Moreover, the Royal Government will improve the allocation of doctors, nurses and midwives in the health system, increase the incentives for rural health officials, and increase the number of doctors, nurses and midwives through training programs and capacity building. Along with this, the Royal Government will continue to pay particular attention to health insurance, health education and dissemination, and hygiene standard across the country, especially in rural areas, and provide health services to the poor by using the equity fund and no patient will be left to die without utmost care and treatment from the doctors and nurses.
Along with this, the Royal Government will implement necessary measures to make health services more responsive and accessible by decentralizing services and management to the sub-national levels such as national hospitals, referral hospitals, and health centers, increasing investment in physical infrastructure, medical utilities and technologies, promoting supporting services, financing research in public health to formulate strategic health policy, monitoring outcomes and evaluating governance in health sector through the implementation of "wide sectoral approach" and the promotion of ownership and cooperation with development partners. Moreover, the Royal Government strongly encourages private participation in the health sector.
Indeed, in spite of the remarkable achievements mentioned above, I think we still have a long way to go in order to improve and supply timely health services. In this spirit, in order to achieve more outcomes and address various challenges, I would like to raise some recommendations for your consideration as follows:
1. The conference has to pay attention to the discussion on health education and key intervention in public health sector in order to promote awareness of the people about the implementation of various necessary measures, the coordination to make sure that people receive sufficient information on health services, especially in the remote areas, which can assist them in making the right decision among other choices related to health care and the prevention of spreadable viruses and epidemic diseases.
2. The conference has to study the possibility of providing suitable health information or health messages according to the need of different communities and at various geographical location as the requirement of the health measure operation can be different between urban and rural people. In this regards, we have to improve the public health base such as health centers and referral hospitals by making them more effective in implementing various necessary mechanisms in order to protect the poor and low income families from the poverty trap. For the short and medium term, the Ministry of Health as well as all related ministries/institutions must put more efforts to reduce to the minimum level or withdraw the financial barrier in order to create favorable condition for all people, especially the poor in receiving necessary and timely public health services. Therefore, we must continue to strengthen and expand gradually toward the creation of a social safety net, which is more effective and sustainable in the future through existing mechanism such as the service fee exemption system, equity fund program and the community health insurance.
3. The conference has to discuss deeply and extensively about the implementation of the policy on public service delivery by paying special attention to the changing of mindset and personality of the public health officials in order to become health service providers for the people. In this connection, civil servants and all health officials, who are obliged to provide treatment services and health care for the people, have to try their utmost to change their behaviors according to the health professional ethics in connecting with people or patients through health service provision and care base on technical principles and have to abide by the virtue and social morality in order to make sure that the service receivers are more confident and secured. Along with that, special operation agency, started with the Ministry of Health in 2009, has to help orientate the mindset and behavior of the officials working in the agency such as through the strengthening of the management system, transparency, accountability and efficiency.
4. The conference has to study on the requirement for expanding the basic health infrastructures to enable the people to receive health service, especially at the health centers and health posts according to the growth of the population in the present and in the future. Along with that, it is necessary to look for the possibility of providing sufficient and qualified health staffs according to all those health bases. As for the deployment of health staff, especially the midwife, the Ministry of Health has to scrutinize by continuing to maximize the current staff distribution aiming at ensuring the balance between the number of health officials within each specialized area, serving in the capital city, provinces, urban and rural areas, and the population and socio-economic features.
In this sense, in order to achieve the vision of heath sector and to solve all sorts of challenges in implementing the strategic plan according to the concepts raised above, I would like to suggest the Ministry of Health, related ministries/institutions and all development partners to continue jointly strengthening the implementation of the health sector strategic planning for 2008-2015 by paying special attention to the financial and technical assistance to support the policy makers and executives at both the national and sub-national levels to improve the health sector nationwide. Along with that, the Ministry of Health has to try to strengthen and extend its relationship with related ministries/institutions and various development partners to attract financial support for research studies, laboratories, data and information sharing, and building health policy as well as boosting, observing, controlling and evaluating every implementation of health strategic plan and the public and private health service delivery in order to ensure that the health service delivery is of high quality with equity and efficiency. More specifically, the Ministry of Health has to constantly strengthen the professional ethics of medical doctors, the management of clinics, the distribution and use of medicines as well as strengthen the effective use of equity fund on the right target.
Once again, I strongly believe that the Ministry of Health and all health partners will continue their cooperation to implement the health strategic plan 2008-2015 more successfully aiming to achieve the Cambodia Millennium Development Goals at the end of 2015. Along with this, I would like to convey the message and encourage the conference to discuss in details the challenges and achievements accomplished by the Ministry of Health over the years in order to learn from the experiences and put forward the necessary recommendations to settle every shortcoming we are facing today.
Taking this opportunity, I would like to appeal to Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen and the whole conference to actively and lively participate as well as trying to share knowledge and experiences for improving the implementation of health strategies for success and effectiveness.
At this end, with the "Opening Ceremony of the 30th Health Conference and the 7th Joint Review of Health Sector", I would like to wish Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen the four Gems of Buddhist blessing: Longevity, Nobility, Health and Strength.
Tags: Phnom Penh

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
itbusinessedge > Blogs > IT Unmasked > SAP Sets Blockchain Course
SAP Sets Blockchain Course
By Mike Vizard, Posted October 2, 2017
The biggest issue is not so much the blockchain technology as much as the business models that will be flushed out around it.
SAP by the middle of 2018 plans to make an instance of a blockchain database available based on an instance of the open source Hyperledger project that will be primarily employed across multiple community clouds hosted by SAP.
SAP for now is providing access to a blockchain as a service offering via an early access program to both IT services providers and IT organizations such as Capgemini, Deloitte, GrainCorp, HCL Technologies, HERE Technologies, Moog Inc., Natura Cosméticos S.A., NetApp and PeerNova. Gil Perez, senior vice president for digital assets and the Internet of Things (IoT) at SAP, says the distributed ledger that SAP is making available on top of blockchain is part of the suite of IT services known as SAP Leonardo that SAP wraps around emerging technologies.
Perez says SAP will next move to tie the SAP Ariba business-to-business purchasing network and SAP hybris e-commerce service to the SAP blockchain service via application programming interfaces (APIs) that SAP will define. The goal is not to replace existing general ledgers widely used in ERP applications, but rather augment them with a blockchain application that would be shared by a well-defined community of IT organizations that can commit to maintaining a specific level of service, says Perez.
Based on the same core technology employed to drive digital currencies such as Bitcoin, the performance of a blockchain database is determined by the slowest system participating in a distributed transaction. Because of that issue, all the organizations participating in a distributed blockchain application will need to commit to a service level agreement (SLA) that guarantees a bare minimum of performance, says Perez.
At this point, Perez says that the biggest issue is not so much the blockchain technology as much as the business models that will be flushed out around it. Perez notes that line of business executives are now participating in discussions about blockchain earlier than any other emerging technology in the company's history.
Long term, blockchain databases clearly have the potential to recast transaction relationships across entire vertical industries. The need for a trusted third-party to process transactions could be substantially reduced because all parties participating in a distributed blockchain application are sharing the same immutable database. Some organizations might even take advantage of that capability to move into adjacent business sectors that previously would not have been feasible. It might take years for those scenarios to play out. But it's hard think of any emerging technology that has had more potential to disrupt so many industries than a blockchain database.
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Art Cashin Warns Of Huge Similarity In Stocks Today vs 60 Years Ago
7364 Views August 17, 2022 GOLD, KWN King World News
Today Art Cashin, a market veteran who has been trading stocks for over 60 years, warned of a huge similarity in stocks today vs 60 years ago.
August 17 (King World News) – Art Cashin, Head of Floor Operations at UBS: On this day in 1824, a large number of workers and spectators gathered at Spring Street in New York City. They were there to launch a magnificent feat that many thought would save Manhattan. By some reports there was even a band playing.
For years locals had worried that so much building had been going on at the southern tip of the island (particularly from Wall Street to the Battery), that the sheer weight might tip the island over. Then, in the spring of 1824, came "the plan." A retired craftsman waxing poetic in a tavern (where else) allowed as how the solution was simple. Naturally, the boys bought him a few rounds to pry out the secret. After a few more shooters, he revealed his secret. They could just saw off the island like at a soft point (around 14th Street), north of most developments, tow the bottom half into the harbor, turn it around and reattach at the former southern tip–thus, the buildings would be in the middle — well almost….but at least the island wouldn't tip over.
Whatever they were serving that night, it struck most listeners (even some of those still standing) as a good idea. Over the next few months, many brought friends to listen to this genius, and since they all had the price of a drink, he was willing to share. Soon folks were commissioning giant saws, dredge boats and even a giant block and tackle to re-affix the island when the task was done.
But on this particular morning, the guy who had the plan, a man named Losier, did not show up. He realized the plan was a scam and, thus he was hiding in Brooklyn, fearing the mob would kill him. Naturally, the whole scheme collapsed, the island did not.
Luckily, history rarely repeats, and Americans would never again get caught up with any guys with vague ideas to turn things around and, who keep proposing grand schemes that don't work. (Right?)
Traders had no plans that I am aware of about sawing an island in half, but many of the bulls had gathered, hoping to see if they could stretch this rally into yet one more session and for all intents and purposes, they were successful with help from a couple of retailing blue chips.
The market started better, but a little bit mixed. The Dow was the leader of the pack and that had to do with two particular stocks. We noted that in the late morning update:
Late Morning Update 08.16.22
After several days of the upside, the market appears to be morphing into a bit of a consolidation day. The Dow appears to be benefitting by upbeat reports from the likes of Home Depot and Wal-Mart. So, that is keeping a bid under the retailor blue chips. The S&P seems to be pausing as it was approaching its 200-day moving average. The Nasdaq sees a shade of profit-taking. Some of the players fear the pullback in yields may be ending and we will see how they go from there.
Let's talk about the technicals.
As we go to press, the S&P continues to flirt with the 4300 level. So, traders will study that as we wait to see if they assault the 200-day moving average. Most traders will also watch the yield on the ten-year. If it pushes above 2.85%, will that put some pressure on the high caps?
For now, we will see if the consolidation phase continues.
As we went to press and as European markets closed, the bulls managed to switch on the afterburners and the Dow kicked into high gear pretty well, thanks in large part again to Wal-Mart and Home Depot. Home Depot had traded favorably earlier, but there was some concern about the inventory level, however, in late morning, as Europe was closing (purely a coincidence, I assume). The inventory concerns disappeared and Home Depot accelerated. That allowed the S&P to start moving along smartly as did the Dow.
The bulls continued throughout early afternoon, putting on a very good show and turning it from what looked to be a consolidation day into a clear extension of the rally. Then, just about 3:00 p.m., the S&P got up and virtually ticked exactly on that 200-day moving average (circa 4326) that we had alluded to in the late morning update.
The effect was instantaneous. It was if they had hit the third rail. All the equity markets rolled over and pulled back smartly in the next twenty minutes. I think that is an apparent consequence of the large amount of algorithmic trading that we are seeing, and some people probably have plugged the algorithms in that when you hit the 200- day moving average, step back so you do not waste any energy in case they stall out.
The Dow, however, managed to regroup handily and turned back toward the highs of earlier in the session. They still managed to close solidly. Nasdaq was down as the concern about yields were in a bit of trouble in the afternoon. Nothing terrible, but just enough to cast a shadow over the high cap techs.
As a side bar, some friends were pointing out the current similarities between this year's chart in stocks and the year 1962. I was in the business then as a trader in stocks, municipal bonds and chief cook and bottle washer in a small firm. I had not yet gotten a seat on the Stock Exchange. That would come two years later, but I do remember 1962 very clearly.
Early in the year, there was concern about inflation, particularly steel prices, where U.S. Steel and other companies were hiking prices and drawing headlines. The new young President Kennedy said that his father had warned him that businessmen and chairmen were often "SOB's" and promised to go after the steel companies. That sent a shudder through the whole stock market. Was this new young democrat a socialist? Would he be taking on companies left and right? Stocks pulled back very smartly, bottoming in June. They then rebounded and started a rally back somewhat smartly, only to top out around this time in August. They would then begin to rollover, only to have serious trouble with the Cuban Missile Crisis as we got into September and October.
One can talk about the similarities, but let's hope we don't face another geopolitical crisis, although with the situation in Taiwan and Ukraine, one could readily see where people going nose to nose could send geopolitical shudders. We will worry about that if and when it comes along.
Nevertheless, we will look to see if this rally begins to top out here and continues that parallel with 1962. We will also look to see if the rejuvenated bulls, who have now stretched this well beyond the expectations of many of us skeptics, keeps it going.
Overnight, global equity markets are going their separate ways. In Asia, the markets are mostly showing only fractional changes and are leaning slightly to the upside. Tokyo is the star performer and there is little if any reaction for a rate hike from the Central Bank of New Zealand. In Europe, however, the story is different. Markets are marginally weaker and the big story there is the CPI data in London. British inflation has ticked at a 40 year high and that is raising yields on British gilts and most other treasury bonds in Europe.
Here in the U.S., yield on the ten-year is up about 2.86% and that is putting pressure on U.S. equity futures. As dawn hits Manhattan, the Dow futures look to open down about 120 points. I think the game will be all about yields so we will keep an eye on that. Certainly, anything above 2.85% should put pressure on equities.
Traders will look to see where things go with the S&P. It looks to open below 4300. If the bulls do regroup and mount a rally, obviously, we will be looking at that 200- moving day average for around 4326.
So, we have another interesting day. We will see if the rally finally does begin to top out and fit the model from 1962 or whether what we have seen so far is a mere coincidence. The game is going to get more and more interesting. The percent retracement in the S&P has given a tailwind to the bulls and certainly has been a force in allowing this rally to outlast what many of us thought should be its duration.
You know the drill. Stay close to the newsticker. Keep your seatbelt tightly fastened. Stay alert, nimble and stay safe. The ball is in the hands of the bulls even though we look to open down. Keep watching those yields.
So far, the jump in the bond yields has been the major influence of the morning and, keeping all three key indices without a strong enough bid to return to plus territory. However, the bears did not try to double down so, this does look somewhat like the consolidation day. Markets have, however, changed personality as we noted previously, right around the time Europe closes at 11:30 and noon New York time.
A quick look at the numbers.
The yield on the ten-year has stayed up around 2.90%. We think primarily on the 40-year high in inflation in the UK. The S&P has stayed below 4300 and never hinted at a retest of the 200-day moving average at 4326.
So, we will keep our eye on the yields, which, I think, are the primary influence today and, see if they do develop a second personality in the afternoon as they have several times over the last week in a half.
Rapidly Increasing Cash Flow
Ryan McIntyre: Maverix continues its steady performance in 2022 with solid cash flow. It also benefits from exposure to near-term growth and long-term gold optionality on future resource growth and development. Moreover, Eric, there is no additional cost from its existing 125 royalties and streams. And Maverix expects its cash flow to grow significantly in the coming years. A good example of increasing cash flow is our royalty with Orla Mining which recently announced it achieved commercial production at its Camino Rojo mine. Maverix has a 2% royalty, which is expected to add 6% to our current revenue base.
Massive Growth Story
But more exciting than that, Eric, is the fact that Maverix has royalties on a trio of notable gold projects expected to come online in the next few years. The first is the expansion that is underway at Karora Gold's Beta Hunt mine in Australia that will add over 10% to revenue by 2024. The next is Agnico Eagle's restart and potential expansion of its Hope Bay mine in Canada in 2025 that could see production increase at two to three times the original capacity. Agnico's mine expansion will add 10% to our current revenue base. The third one is the 5% royalty we own on the Gemfield project in Nevada owned by Centerra Gold that is expected to add a staggering 20% to Maverix's revenue starting in 2026.
Massive Upside Leverage
And, Eric, if people believe the metals are headed higher then Maverix will unquestionably benefit, as its 90% margins are inflation-protected and it has a significant and growing portfolio that will benefit from the higher prices…Maverix Metals, symbol MMX in Canada and the US.
ALSO JUST RELEASED: Gold Bull Catalyst, Inflation Chart Of The Day, Homebuyers Panic, Recession And Bear Market Rally CLICK HERE.
ALSO JUST RELEASED: 2 STUNNING CHARTS: Consumers Drowning In Debt As Electricity Prices Continue To Skyrocket! CLICK HERE.
ALSO JUST RELEASED: Very Bullish Sign For Gold & Silver, Plus More Signs Of Serious Economic Problems CLICK HERE.
ALSO JUST RELEASED: James Turk – Gold & Silver Pullback Not Surprising But Look At This Shocking Chart! CLICK HERE.
ALSO JUST RELEASED: Greyerz – This Global Collapse Will Be Like Nothing Seen Before Featuring Economic Disintegration, War & Riots CLICK HERE.
***To listen to Alasdair Macleod discuss the breakout in gold and much more CLICK HERE OR ON THE IMAGE BELOW.
Bill Fleckenstein On The Global Bond Rout, China, Central Banks Losing Control And Jim Rogers Warning About Manias
Legend Who Helps Oversee $188 Billion Warns Central Banks Will Prevent Deflation
Gold Market May Be Coiling For Another Big Surge To $1,550-1,580, The Death Of The Bond Markets, Plus What's Coming In The Next Few Months?
Gold & Silver, Debt Ceiling And The US Dollar, Plus One Hell Of A Collapse
IMF Issues Second Major Warning About Global Turmoil
For The Gold Market This Is The Bottom Line For The LBMA And Banks Now That Basel 3 Is In Effect


I know, I know, it can't be both new and improved! Well, the German translation is new. And there's a new border option. And those are pretty big improvements to my much-loved Elfbaby pattern.
Elfbaby is a super versatile pattern, with sizes from newborn to large adult, and three different border options – so you can choose a different effect to suit your yarn and intended hat wearer. I'm thrilled with how many people really make the most of this array of choices; one knitter made EIGHT hats, for every member of her large family! The only problem was that one of the border options, a pretty lace pattern, turned out not to be really elastic enough for a hat brim. It worked okay, but it didn't perform as well as the other choices. So I've replaced it with a lace version of Pixi, the most popular border (pictured above).
Elfbaby is available in my GAL sale bundle, meaning you'll get 25% off till 29 November if you use the code giftalong2018. Don't forget to check out the rest of the Giftalong patterns, there are literally thousands to tempt you!


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← Up in Arms About Essay about Being Optimistic?


The Mesa Leadership Program functions under the direction of the Mesa Chamber Business in Education Foundation and is included in the Foundation\\\\\\\'s annual program of work. The Mesa Leadership Program is administered by a volunteer board of directors comprised of Mesa Leadership Program Alumni.
The Mesa Leadership Program provides a unique opportunity to learn about the community of Mesa while sharpening one's leadership skills. The seminars from August through May highlight history, business and economics, criminal justice, city government, the arts, education, social issues, and leadership. The once-a-month seminars begin at 7:30 a.m. and end at 4:00 p.m. The classes are enhanced by a series of interesting tours not normally available to the public and an opportunity to learn first hand about the issues currently facing our city. Mesa Leadership also afford class members an opportunity to spend a day with a local leader of their choice to observe leadership in action.


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Q: sql query select date equal rows from datetime I need to select the row when date equal particular date, where as the TIMESTAMP  column contain datetime.
This works fine,
select USERNAME from ACCESSACTIVITY where UPPER(LOCATION)=UPPER('remote-PC')and TIMESTAMP = STR_TO_DATE('28-05-2016 01:00:00','%d-%m-%Y %H:%i:%s')

where as when I avoid time, it doesn't work.
select USERNAME from ACCESSACTIVITY where UPPER(LOCATION)=UPPER('remote-PC')and TIMESTAMP = STR_TO_DATE('28-05-2016 ','%d-%m-%Y')

A: Use :
select USERNAME from ACCESSACTIVITY where UPPER(LOCATION)=UPPER('remote-PC')and TIMESTAMP LIKE STR_TO_DATE('28-05-2016 ','%d-%m-%Y')+'%'

A: You don't need the wildcards.
Try this:
select USERNAME from ACCESSACTIVITY where UPPER(LOCATION)=UPPER('remote-PC')and DATE(TIMESTAMP) = STR_TO_DATE('28-05-2016 ','%d-%m-%Y')

A: Assuming timestamp is stored as a datetime, then use inequality:
select USERNAME
from ACCESSACTIVITY
where UPPER(LOCATION)=UPPER('remote-PC') and
     TIMESTAMP >= DATE('2016-05-28') AND
     TIMESTAMP < DATE('2016-05-29');

This allows the database engine to use an index on TIMESTAMP if an appropriate index is available.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


How One Reader Conquered Her Addiction to Food, Gambling & SmokingGreenSmoothie.com: Break Free!
Notice how Lara moves each time from addiction, into a deeper Self Love. Have you read the book When I Loved Myself Enough by Kim & Alison McMillen?
When I loved myself enough I could feel God in me and see God in you. That makes us divine!
You are gifted with the power to choose. Love the choice you make. When your mind tells you it's "wrong," don't believe Monkey Mind.
Your choice is always right for YOU right here and right now. One day you will see that.
I remember standing in the kitchen staring into the open fridge when I heard my father's voice shouting "Are you F*cking eating again!" I was 13 years old. There was no way I could escape the generous fat genes of my Greek ancestors.
God bless my father, he has a strong dislike for overweight people. He believes they have no self respect and therefore no one will respect them. I'll just mention that he too has always been overweight. My granny will bake an oven dish of Baklava (Greek pastry nuts syrup cake) and while eating the entire tray on his own, he'll swear about how disgusting it tastes and why does she even bother to bake anything.
My father smoked cigarettes from a young age until he gave up at 35. As a result he believes in the power of the mind. Today he is a healthy 66 year-old and a power lifter (gym bunny). He's still eating trays of goodies on the sly. He is still overweight and judging others.
Food was and still is a challenging part of my life.
The gambling addiction I managed to give up when I realized I had to accept responsibility for my own life and my actions. How did I get to this realization? I'd told my manic depressive husband of that time I wanted out of the marriage. That made him feel insecure. He became aggressive with me, especially when he'd been drinking. Today he has a serious hard drugs problem.
After a long day out visiting at friends for a child's birthday party, many drinks later, my ex husband tried to punch me in front of my children. He accused me of infidelity. I was lucky enough to duck out of his fist's way. He missed and broke his knuckles on the wall.
I made an internal decision to plan my departure, carefully. Four months later I made my escape. I sent my children overseas with my sister on the pretense that we'd join them later that week. He had threatened suicide. He'd been threatening to kill me and the children almost every day since I told him I wanted to leave the marriage. The rest as they say is History.
It took me a while to become consciously aware, two years to be exact, that my gambling was directly linked to my feelings of being trapped in a marriage I desperately wanted to escape from.
Once I received liberty from this marriage, I thought I had everything under control, well almost everything, until the next couple of relationships where I felt trapped again!
So began my "eat myself ugly" trick. After leaving each relationship, I felt in control of my life again. But all this time, I was still addicted to cigarettes. Luckily they made me nauseous in my pregnancies. I gave up the two times I was pregnant, but took up smoking as soon as I could after giving birth to my beautiful children. The irony is that I believed smoking controlled my weight even while overweight!
I am aware of the emotional "control" issues, and others, that I have. The road I chose to take 14 years ago (just before my divorce) has led me onto an amazing road of self discovery. I have worked through feelings of worthlessness, humiliation and failure, over and over again.
The only thing I can gladly share now is that I am 43 and once again discovering myself – this time with the one energy that counts, Self Love.
My Self Love started four years ago when I gave up cigarettes, and committed to honoring my body as an alternative.
Unfortunately I replaced my addiction for cigarettes with sugar. I was like a deprived child feeding on sweets and chocolates.
my emotional well being – by choosing to be present and aware as much as I possibly can with Self Love talk.
It's liberating to know that I am responsible for all my actions and especially for how I choose to feel.
Through this amazing journey of life, I have tapped into and discovered my passion for Spiritual Healing and Soul Coaching.
I understand now that life is a journey of Self Discovery, and not a dead end road to perfection.
You are not an addict. You are shining Light. You are walking round with broad daylight inside you in the middle of the darkest night.
When you feel hopeless cravings, drink Green Juices and blend Green Smoothies. It's the quick way to clean out and rebuild your cells.
Then watch your thoughts, emotions, cravings – your life – transform.


Every season brings new fashion ideas and trend items. Japan, which is world famous for having 4 distinct seasons, changes clothes… like they're going out of fashion.
We're gonna break some of these 2018 spring/summer trends down into women's and men's, because pretty every Japanese fashion mag does. But go ahead and wear whatever the hell you like.
The most interesting rumour we've heard is that spring/summer 2018 collections are designed to last all year. Leave those spring pieces in rotation, to mix and match with autumn/winter items depending on the weather.
Wait, wait wait. What? After years – decades – telling us to be skinny or else, the fashion industry's decided now's the time to look huge and feel fabulous. Hey, nobody's gonna mention your (non-existent, unrealistic) thigh gap if they can't see it.
This trend means generally oversized clothes for men, and balloon skirts and draped tops for women. Go up a size from normal if you think it'd add to the effect. It's okay for your clothes to look too long in the arms and legs, but try not to trip over them.
Okay, what's the difference between floral and botanical? Time for our 'we're not horticulturalists but…' moment. Floral prints are flowery, duh. Botanicals look more leafy, with plants like fruits, herbs, and grasses.
Prints are the easy, less block-y way to wear several colours. Get the look right, and your outfit should hold all the freshness of spring. That doesn't mean you can get away with never washing it, though.
Take the stress out of pairing tops with trousers – buy them both at the same time. No shame in pointing at the mannequin and saying "I'll take it." Unless they give you the mannequin, and you have to tuck it under your arm and leave the store. Awkward.
This look's way more casual than a 2-piece suit. Japan's finally started using the word 'athleisure' (in katakana).
We worked out the sizing here, so you don't have to. If someone standing a mile away can't read your chest without glasses or a telescope, the design's not massive enough.
What you're looking for is English (alphabet) print with impact. Not Impact, the font. Wanna look like a walking meme? Didn't think so.
Try tucking your top into a pair of on-trend blue-grey or green-grey trousers. To be honest, anything that draws more attention to your waist adds to the spring trend. Ribbon-tie skirts, funky belts, high-waisted denim, whatever.
At first, we laughed. Then we remembered how many guys we've seen strutting around in dressier, smarter shoes for a while now. Sneakers are due their proper comeback.
New Balance is super popular in Japan – not a Japanese brand, but has done some exclusive collabs here. For a pair of home-grown sneaks, there's always Mizuno.
Not all together in the same outfit, unless you're brave. Rolling with the colourful 'African print' trend some fashion sites are predicting would make you the bravest person we know. Stick to 2 at a time.
The trendy shades to go for: lavender, sunshine/canary yellow, and kelly green. The 'deep' blue's meant to be like the ocean. Brands like Candy Stripper and Snidel have all these colours in their spring/summer looks.
The other 2 are kinda obvious colours, but when we say 'pink', we mean 'rose quartz'. Or we will do. This trend hadn't taken off when we wrote this – search for 'light pink' to get the right results.
For women, we're talking 3 or 4 stripes per piece of clothing, down the sides not the front. Looks like Adidas is a great choice for this season. Men: go nuts. Wear as many stripes as you can fit on your body. But hey ladies, there are exceptions! Buck this trend with super stripy clothes from alice + olivia or Pameo Pose.
Wearing vertical stripes makes you look taller. So people say. Fashion models are tall enough, we can't tell any difference.